\.^m^ i^^hJi&&@®®®0S!!isi0mo®^^ 0j^BB&&&O&l3@0&&00Q^a?ioisrs. Cuyahoga County Court-Houses {Frontispiece) Outline Map of Cuyahoga County Portrait of Nathan Perry (steel) H. V. Willson " John Crowell " S. J. Andrews " R. P. Ranney " H. B. Payne " Stevenson Burke (steel) " William Collins " Geo. A. Benedict " " R. C. Parsons " " Edwin Cowles " " Edwin W. Cowles " " Jacob Perkins " J. P. Robison " " Amos Townsend " W. S. Streator " Geological Map of Cuyahoga County . Portrait of John Hutchins (steel) Profile Section Across the Cuyahoga Valley Portrait of Gen. Moses Cleaveland " S. Williamson (steel) " B. Harrington " " S. Chamberlain " " Z. King " " H. B. Hurlbut " " James Farmer " J. H. Wade " " llanl P. Eells '• W. H. Doan '• " Peter Thatcher (steel) T. P. Handy " " E. B. Hale " " S. T. Everett " D. P. Rhodes '■ A. B. Stone " " William Chisholm (steel) " Henry Chisholm " A, Stone " J. M. Coffinherry " James M. Hoyt F. W. Pelton Wm. G. Rose PAOE PAGE facing title. Portrait of R. R. Herrick (steel) faoinff 326 13 " E. I. Baldwin " « 328 52 " H. F. Biggar " It 330 66 " William Bowler " it 332 60 A. Bradley .t 334 64 A. Cobb " 338 68 D. W. Cross " 344 72 ' J. H. Devereux " tt 348 " ■ 78 S. 0. Griswold " it 354 " 82 " H. J. Herrick " tt 356 188 '• George W. Howe " it 360 192 C. G. King " " 366 between 194, 195 R. F. Paine .... tt 368 194,195 H. H. Poppleton (steel) it 372 facing 202 " Thomas Quayle " It 374 206 '' Ansel Roberts " tt 376 210 " 3. H. Salisbury " " 378 212 " J. C. Sanders " It 380 214 Elias Sims " it 382 216 A. D. Slaght tt 384 . 217 •' Francis Branch " tt 384 facing 223 Oscar Townsend " ■ 1 388 " 236 T. D. Crocker [ _ .< 396 240 S. V. HarknesB (t 400 244 " Theodore Breck tt 410 246 " Moses Hunt . • « „ 412 256 " Moses Mathews tt 414 276 " Isaiah W. Pish tt 416 280 " Martin Kellogg tt 422 282 " Abel S. Hinckley . . 425 284 H. W. Curtiss (steel) facing 434 " 288 L. G. Porter . tt 440 296 " John Doane (steel) it 450 298 Col. Ezra Eddy tt 468 300 Frederick Willson (steel) It 470 " 304 " John Baldwin . It 472 306 " Henry Parker .... it 476 between 308, 309 '• A. P. Knowlton It 478 308, 309 " Gains Burke .... It 482 facing 310 " David J. Stearns 491 " 316 " John P. Spencer facing 504 " 320 Lewis Nicholson . « 506 322 Israel D. Wagar (steel) . " 508 324 " Alanson Pomeroy . It 526 INTRODUCTION. npHE subject of our history comprises the present -*- territory of the county of Cuyahoga and the acts of the inhabitants of that territory. Everything lying beyond those limits will receive only such men- tion as may be necessary to show the connection of the chain of events. The work is naturally divided into three portions. The first consists of a general history of the county, comprising a connected chronological record of the principal events from the earliest accounts down to the year 1879; followed by some statistical matter, by condensed histories of the principal regiments and batteries containing Cuyahoga county soldiers in the War for the Union, and by sketches of various organ- izations which pertain to the county at large, but an account of which cannot well be incorporated in the continuous record. The second part is composed of a history of the city of Cleveland constructed on the same plan; that is, with a general account of the city's magnificent progress from its first permanent settlement by the whites to the present time, accompanied with separate sketches of the various churches, societies, and other prominent institutions within its present corporate limits. The third part will be occupied by histories of all the townships in the county; each being arranged on the same plan as that of the city, though necessarily occupying far less space, and the first settlement by the whites being taken as the starting point in each. Interspersed among these city and township histo- ries will be found numerous portraits of citizens of the county, accompanied by biographical sketches, together with illustrations of buildings and natural scenery. The earlier portion of the general history of the county is necessarily derived entirely from books, while for the later part contributions have also been levied on newspapers, manuscript records and per- sonal reminiscences. For the city and township histories we have depended principally on the three last named sources of information, it being seldom that we find crystalized in books the facts occurring during the present century, to which those minor histories principally relate. In regard to early history, we are under especial obligations to Colonel Cliarles Whittlesey's "Early History of Cleveland." As Colonel Whittlesey has gone over the same ground, many of the facts nar- rated by us relating to the title and survey of tlie Western Reserve, and the first settlement of the county, are also mentioned by him, although we have consulted many other authorities and original manu- scripts, and some surviving residents of the county previous to the war of 1812, and have added consid- erable to the stores contained in the Colonel's valuable repository. The arrangement, the language and the conclusions are entirely our own. We also beg leave to acknowledge our obligations to the following volumes, which we have had oc- casion to consult during the progress of our work: Howe's Historical Collections of Ohio; Parkman's Conspiracy of Pontiac; Parkman's Jesuits in North America; Parkman's Discovery of the Northwest; Bancroft's History of the Upited States; Bouquets' Expedition against the Ohio Indians; Crawford's Campaign against the Indians of Sandusky; Lossing's Field Book of the War of 1812; Eeid's Ohio in the War; Joblin's Cleveland Past and Present; Freese's Early History of Cleveland Schools; Higher Educa- (9) 10 INTEODUCTION. tioual Institutions of Ohio; Kilbourn's History of the Ohio Canals; Payne's Cleveland Illustrated; Hayden's History of the Disciples in the Western Eeserve; Wood's Kecord of the Seventh Ohio Infantry; Hayes' Journal-History of the One Hundred and Third Ohio Volunteers; Mason's Record of the Twelfth Ohio Cavalry; Trade's Annuals of the Nineteenth Ohio Battery; Our Acre and its Harvests, by Mary Clark Brayton and Ellen F. Terry, etc., etc. We have paid especial attention to the military record of the county in the War for the Union, and believe we have made it as complete as was practicable in the space we were able to devote to it. We also desire to express our especial obligations to the officers of the Western Reserve Historical Society for the ample opportunities afforded us of consulting the valuable library, newspaper files and manuscripts of that institution. Our acknowledgements are also due the librarians of the City Library and the Cleve- land Library Association for similar favors. The ladies and gentlemen who have favored us with per- sonal reminiscences bearing upon our subject are so numerous that it is almost impossible to do more than express our obligations to them en masse. We shall endeavor, however, to mention the more important contributions in connection with the various portions of the work in which they have been used. It is needless to say to any sensible person that in a work of this magnitude, and of such multiplicity of details, there must be some errors. Especially is this to be feared in a county of such rapid development as Cuyahoga — in a city of such marvelous growtli as Cleveland. Where civilization has charged through the wilderness at a "double quick;'" where the bears of the forest still lingered after the bears of the stock exchange had begun to growl; where lawyers have had to fight with wolves and doctors have sometimes been confronted by panthers; where the Indian trail of three fourths of a century ago is replaced by a street which is proudly claimed to be the finest in the world, there has been little time to make a record of these kaleidoscopic changes. Nay, the memory of surviv- ing witnesses may well be sometimes at fault, confused by the swift succession of events — by a growth of county and city unequaled outside of America, and rarely matched even in our wonder-working country. But we have taken great pains to secure accuracy, and we believe we have succeeded so far as success is possible in a work of this nature. As for the manner in which this mass of local information has been arranged and presented, we must leave it to the judg- ment of our readers. Those readers we now invite to ascend with us the stream of Time for two hun- dred arid fifty years, in a single instant, preparatory to taking their places in the ship " History," and sail- ing slowly down the mighty river, noting year after year, decade after decade, century after century, the marvelous changes takingplace on its teeming shores. ';iisTORY OF Cuyahoga County, PART FIRST: GENERAL HISTORY OF THE COUNTY, Outline Map of CUYAHOGA Co. OHIO Scak-iFCveMiksto xxn, Inch M ED I /( N A i Co ^^.|-|z:^. General History of Cuyahoga County, CHAPTER I. THE SITUATION IN 1626. First Information— The Neuter Nation— Tlie Eries— Their Connection With the Iroquois— Their Location— Open Ground to the South- Neighbors on the West— Slight Knowledge of the Eries- Genera^ Character of the Indians— Meager Authority of Sachems and Chiefs —Absence of Property and of Jealousy — Forest and Game. The first definite knowledge regarding the occu- pants of the sonth shore of Lake Erie datesfrom the year 1626, when Father La Roche Dailloii, a "Recol- let" missionary, preached among the Attiwandar- onks, more commonly known as the Kahquahs, called by the French the Neuter Nation. This peculiar tribe was principally located in the Canadian penin- sula on the north shore of Lake Erie, having, how- ever, several outlying villages on the east side of the Niagara, and extending a short distance from Buffalo up the southeastern side of the lake. Before going farther, we may note that at the time our story begins, the French had been for twenty- three years established on the shores of the St. Lawrence, the Dutch were already located at the mouth of the Hudson, while the Pilgrim Fathers had for six years been sternly battling with want, and hardship, and danger, on the rock-boiuid shores of New England. The position of the French on the St. Lawrence gave them a great advantage in prose- cuting discoveries and establishing posts along the great lakes, and that adventurous people were well disposed to make the fullest possible use of their opportunities. From the information obtained by Father Daillon during his sojourn among the Neuter Nation, eked out by occasional reports from straggling French hunters and Iroquois chiefs, it appears that at that time all the southern shore of the lake, from the mouth of Cattaraugus creek, in New York, to the vicinity of Sandusky bay, was occupied by a powerful tribe of Indians, called Erie or Erickronons (people of Erie) and known by the French as the Nation of the Gat. It is not exactly certain that " Brie " meant "cat" in the Indian language, but such is believed to be the case. Some writers have claimed that the Eries and Neuters were the same nation, but the weight of evidence is decidedly in favor of ^ their sep- arate existence, and the powerful authority of Park-^ man ("Jesuits of North America," p. 44) is on the. same side. Little is known of the Eries save that they were a powerful tribe, of kindred blood witli the celebrated Iroquois, or Five Nations, and speaking a dialect of the same language. In fact, according to the most profound students of Indianology (if we may be al- lowed to coin a convenient word) the Iroquois, the Neuter Nation, the Eries and the Ilurons were all parts of one aboriginal stock, while around them, on. the north, the east and the south were various branches of the still larger Alrjonqidn race. Tradition asserts that at one time the authority of the Eries extended as far east as the Genesee river in Now York, which was the boundary between them and the fierce Sene- cas, the westernmost nation of the Iroquois confeder- acy. Their villages, however, were on the shore of the lake which bears their name, and as near as can be ascertained, their princij)al seats stretched from the vicinity of the present city of Brie to that of Cleveland. To the southward there was a vast opr i space, al- ternately the hunting ground and the battlefield of rival tribes, over whicli the Eries could range with more or less difiiculty, to the confines of the Choctaws and Cherokees. On the west and northwest were the lands of the powerful Otfatvas, Pottaivattomies, Lhip- pewas and Miamis. It will be understood that the word "powerful" is used in a relative sense, meaning powerful for a tribe of Indians. The Senecas, the strongest of the Five Nations, had but about a thou- sand wari'iors, and it is not probable that either of the western tribes, including the Eries, had more than that number. Less is known of the Eries than of most other In- dian tribes, for during the middle part of the seven- teenth century the French missionaries and fur-traders were generally deterred by the enmity of the Iroquois from taking the route to the West by way of Lake Erie, and ere that route was opened to European, travel the Erie nation was blotted out of existence,, as will hereafter be described. From the slight ac- counts which have reached us, however, it is evident that they did not differ materially from the other In- dian tribes which surrounded them, and whose char- acteristics are so well known to Americans. (13) 14 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Fierce, cruel and intractable, the men spent their time in hunting and fighting, while the women not only performed their domestic labors, but bore all burdens when attending their masters, and planted, tended and gathered the maize, the pumpkins and the beans, which were the principal vegetable food of the tribe. Slight indeed were the bonds of govern- ment imposed on these most democratic of republic- ans. A few of the elder men were known as sachems, a position rather of honor than of power, though they exercised a gentle authority in maintaining order at home, and determined whether there should be peace or war with neighboring tribes. In war, the leadership of the tribe devolved on younger men, called war-chiefs, but even these had no authority resembling that exercised by the officers of a civilized army. War being once declared, any ambitious chief could raise a party of volunteers to go on a raid against the enemy. They usually fol- lowed his guidance, but in case they refused to obey him thei-e was no punishment known to Indian law which could be inflicted upon them. Even if one of them showed cowardice, the severest chastisement visited upon him was to call him a "squaw," and de- bar him hencefortli from the honors and privileges of a warrior. This, however, was a terrible punishment to men whose only idea of glory or fame was in con- nection with warlike prowess. Sometimes, in cases of great importance, the chiefs called the whole nation to arms, but even then those who failed to respond were merely designated as "squaws," and left in com- pany with the squaws. Of civil government there was little need. Fero- cious as the Indians were against their enemies, the members of the various tribes seldom quarreled among themselves. There was not much for them to quar- rel about. There was almost no individual property save the stone tomahawk, the bow and the arrows which each man could manufacture for himself; so there were no contests arising from the sin of covet- ousncss. The marriage bond sat lightly upon them, although they were not a peculiarly licentious race. They were merely apathetic in that respect, and mar- ital infidelity did not awaken the anger often felt among barbarous nations no purer than the Indians; so tliere were few quarrels about women. Liquor had not been introduced among them, and thus another large class of troubles was avoided. True, they had ferocious and malignant tempers, bnt it was not necessary to exercise them at home, and until after the introduction of liquor they seldom did so. If a number of Erie braves felt their native fierceness gnawing in their breasts till it must have vent, it was needless for them to slay each other; they could get up a war party, go forth and scalp a few Ottawa women, or burn a captured Seneca warrior, and be happy. The whole Indian system was opposed to the idea of stringent government. Parental restraint over children was of the lightest kind, though great def- erence was paid to age in both men and women. The little copper-colored rogues ran about in naked bless- edness, doing whatsoever they liked; the girls, as they approached womanhood, expecting nothing else than to share the labors of the wigwam and cornfield, while the adolescent boys eagerly trained themselves to be- come hunters and warriors. When the Sries were the lords over the territory of Cuyahoga county there was ample opportunity for the young braves to exercise themselves there in the ex- hilarating duties of the chase. The level or gently undulating ground, comijosed of sandy soil near the lake and a clayey loam farther back, was covered with a gigantic growth of beeches, maples, oaks, elms, etc., probably unsurpassed on the continent. The Indians were in the habit of burning off the underbrush so that they could more readily see the game, and this killed the small trees, but caused the large ones to attain magnificent proportions. Here the deer wandered in great numbers. Here and there, in some aged and hollow tree, the black bear made his hermitage through the wintry days, coming forth in the spring to feed on roots and ber- ries, and, later, on the ample supi)ly of nuts and acorns afforded by the forest. Here, too, was occasionally heard the fierce scream of the American panther, at which even the hardy Indian youths shrank back in dismay, leaving the task of confronting that dreaded foe to the bravest warriors of the tribe. Numerous birds flitted among the trees, on which the children could test the strength of their tiny bows and their own accuracy of aim, while at long intervals the lordly eagle soared far overhead, or circled swiftly downward to seize his prey, usually defying with im- ~ punity the arrows even of the most renowned bowmen of the forest. Upon the earth, among many harm- less congeners, crawled the deadly rattlesnake, which, however, was easily avoided by the dark youth, shod with wariness and buskined with cunning. Life was even more abundant in the water than on shore. The lake swarmed with pike, pickerel, stur- geon, whitefish, etc., etc., some of which found their way into the river, where they were met by the gleam- ing trout from the upland streams. Such was Cuyahoga county and its inhabitants at the time when the first accounts regarding this locali- ty came to the knowledge of the whites. Even then, those accounts were very vague, but, as they have been eked out by subsequently acquired knowledge, one is able to bring up before the mind's eye a toler- ably accurate picture of this primeval period. Before, however, we move forward from this standpoint, it is proper to make brief mention of that long, vague period which antedates all reliable information, and is commonly called the pre-historic era. fftE-HlSTefilC SPECULATIONS. 15 CHAPTER II. PKB-HISTOHIO SPECULATIONS. Relics in Northern Ohio— The Mound-Builders— Old Fortifications of this llegion — Worlcs in Cleveland— In Newburg— In Independence— At the Forlcs of Rocky River- Outside the County— In Western New Yorlc — Absence of Large Mounds — Coffins at Chagrin Falls— Evi- dence ,ot Moderate Sizeil- Ancients— The Jaw-Bone Theory— Indian Palisades— Their Superiority to Breastworks— Absence of Metal In- struments — Conclusion in Favor of Ancient Indian Occupancy. So FAR as is actually known, theories might have been here ten years, or a hundred years, or a thou- sand years, before they were heard of by the French. Yet the restless and belligerent character of the American Indians makes it improbable that any tribe would remain many centuries in the same locality, and doubtless the Eries gained their title to this region by the good old process of driving away or exterminating the preceding lords of the land, whose rights were similarly grounded upon slaughter and conquest. But, aside from the probable occupancy of the coun- ti-y by successive tribes of red men, there are works and relics still extant in Cuyahoga county, as well as in other parts of northern Ohio, in Pennsylvania and in New York, wbich have led many to believe that a race of a much higher grade of civilization than the Indians once inhabited these regions. Those old in- habitants are supposed to have been akin to the cele- brated though somewhat mythical "Mound-Builders" of the Ohio valley. But the works attributed to the latter people are of a far different character from those of their northern neigiibors, including not only exten- sive fortifications capable of sbeltering ten, fifteen or even twenty thousand men, but enormous mounds, sometimes seven or eight hundred feet in cii-cum- fereuce at tbe base and seventy feet high, and sup- ])osed CO have been, devoted to religious sacrifices. Without entering into any discussion on the char- acter or origin of the " Mound-Builders," which would be entirely foreign to the purpose of this vol- ume, it is safe to say that the worlis extant in Cuya- hoga county and the rest of the lake region bear no indications of having been erected by a race superior to the American Indians. Nay, they show strong affirma- tive evidence that their architects were not superior to the red men discovered here by the Europeans. The works in question are mostly fortifications of moderate extent, the enclosed space rarely exceeding Hye acres. In a majority of cases advantage has been taken of a strong natural position, where only a small amount of labor was necessary to fortify it. Such is the case at one of the best preserved of these embankments in Cuyahoga county. It is within the limits of Cleveland city, but in what was formerly the town of Newburg; being between Broad- way and the Cuyahoga river, and only a short dis- tance from that stream. The natural position con- sisted of a peninsula surrounded on three sides by ravines nearly sixty feet deep, with steep, clayey sides, and joined to the main land on. the south by a nar- row isthmus. On this isthmus, at the narrowest point, the occupants of the situation built two em- bankments, the outer one extending completely across the neck, the inner one reaching nearly but not quite across .the isthmus, leaving a narrow entrance- way on the west side. The hight of both embankments is about two feet, and each has a ditch on its outer side, now very shallow, but apparently at one time some tlu'ee feet deep. The space thus enclosed contains about five acres, and, although the land outside the ravines is of the same hight as that within the "fort," yet foemeu would have found it difficult to send their arrows to the center of the enclosed spsice through the natui-al growth of trees, eveu supjwsing that the defenders knew nothing of the art of building palisades, on which point there is no evidence. Most of the other fortifications are of a similiu* character, the object in each case being to fortify an istiimus, and thus hold a kind of peninsula or prom- ontory, nearly surrounded by ravines. Just outside the city limits, in the present town- ship of Newburg and close to the Cuyaiioga, is an- other of these labor-saving fortifications, the enclosed space being about the size of the one above described, and the protecting ravines being even deeper, though not so steep. Two miles farther up the river, in the township of Independence, is still another of these enclosures, the area in this case being nearly ten aci:es. There are two embankments across the isthmus, with a ditch between them and, another outside of tiie outer- most breastwork. In tlie same township, a short distance north of Tinker's creek, is another fortification by which a promontory among the bluffs is defended from the approach of an enemy. At the forks of Eocky river, close to the line be- tween the townships of Middlebui'g and Olinstead, was one of the most remitrkable of these primitive fortresses. It is a lofty eliff, almost su-rrounded by the waters of the west branch of the river, with no method of reaching the top save by an oblique and difficult, path cut in the almost perpendicular side. In front of tiiis path were three linos of breastworks, from two to three feet high each, with' ditches in front of tiiem, as in the case of the others before meur- tioned. This was one of tlie most formidable of these peculiar fortifications to be found in tiiis county. Outside of the county there are, in northern Ohio, many other works more elaborate and important than those above mentioned, but all evidently constructed, for the same purpose — that of fortifying with a little labor ii strong natural position. Among these strong- holds there is one in Northfield, Summit county, where a promontory of about four acres, two hundied feet above the Cuyahoga, is fortified by intrenchmients across a very narrow ridge eonneetiug it with the back country; one at Weymouth, Medina county, where a peninsula of less than an. acre, formed by a bend of Rocky river, is defended by tlwee lines of intrench.- 16 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ment, from four to six feet high, counting from the bottom of the ditch to the top of the bank; one near Painesville, Lake county, where a narrow peninsula is fortified by two embankments, the tops of which are not less than nine feet from the bottom of the ditches outside. There is also one near Conneaut, Ashtabula county, bat this is on a somewhat different plan; a space of five acres on the top of a detached mound, seventy feet high, being entirely surrounded by a circular intrenchment. There were, at the time of the first settlement, a large number of similar rude fortifications in western New York, but there was less attention paid there to tjie defense of peninsulas and promontories; a majority of the works being complete redoubts, .each enclosed by a single wall, a few feet high, with a ditch outside. Some were on detached hills or mounds, but many were in the valleys or on the open plains, and have consequently been obliterated by cultivation. One of the largest fortresses of that section, known as Fort Hill, and situated in the town of Le Roy, Genesee county, contained, when first discovered, great piles of round stones, evidently intended to be used against assailing foes. Nowhere in the lake region are there found any of tliose immense mounds, so prominent in the Ohio valley, from which the name of " Mound-Builders " has been derived, and applied to an .unknown race of men. Some small mounds, a few feet high, have, however, been discovered, generally in the vicinity of the fortifications before described, and probably in- tended as burial-places. One of these mounds, situ- ated near Chagrin Palls, was opened in 1840, and found to contain four rude, stonecoffins, without lids; three of them being of the proper size for an ordi- nary man, and one suitable for a half-grown boy. These coffins are the strongest evidences with which we are acquainted of the existence of an early race, more advanced, than the Indians. .So far as known the Indians never made stone coffins. On the other hand those articles negative most decidedly the opin- ion frequently advanced, that the ancient inhabitants of this region, be they of what race they might, were superior in bight to the people of modern times. It is very certain that in numerous instances the thigh- bone of a-big Indian has, by an imaginative process of reconstruction, been developed into a whole race of pre-historic giants. A commonly quoted evidence on this point is the statement that some venerable jaw- bone, taken from an ancient mound, will "fit right on over" the jaw of an ordinary, adult white man; the easy reasoner forgetting that any concave Ijody will "fit right on over" a convex one as large as itself, and that a score of bowls or kettles of the same size will " fit" each other to perfection. ' So far as the fortifications are concerned there is absolutely nothing to show that their builders were superior to the inhabitants discovered by the white men. ' True, the Indians, when first discovered, did not build earthen breastworks, but they did build palisades, requiring more labor and ingenuity than tlie much vaunted earthworks. The palisaded castles of the Five Nations were almost impregnable to any foe not provided with fire-arms, and doubtless the kindred, though hostile, Eries had provided them- selves with similar defenses. The first Frenchman who came to Montreal found there an Indian town of fifty cabins, encompassed by three lines of palisades, made of closely fitted timbers, near thirty feet high. On the inside there was a lofty wooden rampart, reached by ladders, and always kept well supplied with stones with which to assail an enemy. Such a fortress shows a much greater progress in architectural skill than do the rude earthworks previ- ously described. Moreover, considering that wooden arrows and stone tomahawks were the most effective weapons of the Indians, it is plain that the palisades were a great improvement on the breastworks as a protection against an enemy. Since artillery has come into use among the whites, wooden and even stone defenses have been abandoned in favor of earthen ones, into which the balls of an enemy sink without destructive results. But there was no danger of either wooden or earthen walls being destroyed by arrows or stone tomahawks; the problem was to jirevent the foe from shooting or climbing over the barrier. For this purpose it is evident that the palisade thirty feet high was immensely superior to the low breastwork, which could only with immense labor be raised five or six feet above the surrounding country. Moreover, while the intrenchment could hardly be employed to advantage except on some strong natural position, where its slight bight was eked out by the ascent from lower ground, the palisade could be built on the very bank of a stream, or in the midst of a maize field, and afford almost perfect protection to the cabins placed inside. While, therefore, among a people who use artillery, earthen fortifications are an advance on wooden or stone ones, yet the palisades of the Iroquois and Eries show them to have advanced in defensive skill beyond the men who erected the earthworks of northern Ohio and western New York, though very probably the former were descended from the latter. The coffins at Chagrin Falls are far stronger evi- dences of ancient superiority to the Indians than are the breastworks, but while it is true that Indians gen- erally did not make stone coffins, yet they did make weapons and utensils of stone, such as tomahawks, etc., and the existence of the larger articles in this vicinity may be due to the fact that northern Ohio is much more prolific than other sections in stone which is easily shaped into any required form. Another circumstance, showing that the pre-historic inhabitants of this region were of the same race as the Indians, or an inferior one, is the fact that no metal instruments, not even of copper, have come down to us from the pre-historic era. Flint arrow- heads, flint knives, stone hatchets, there are in abun- dance — all of the same kind as those used by the THE ERlES A^t) T^HEIR DESTRtJCtlOH. 17 Indians — and if metal instruments had existed some of them would certainly have remained to the present day. Between the borders of Lake Erie and the valleys of southern Ohio, there is a tract which has been well designated by Colonel Whittlesey as a neutral ground between the inhabitants of those localities. Without attempting to cross this open space and rislc ourselves among the'shades of the mythical " Mound-Builders," but loolting only at the region of the great lakes, we may consider ourselves on tolerably firm ground. The Indians were here when the white men first came; the relics of ancient times generally show not superi- ority over, but inferiority to, the works of the red men, and the very strong probability is that some of the numerous tribes of Indians, in a more or less ad- vanced state, were the masters of this region from the time it first had human occupants until they gave way to the insatiate invaders from Europe. CHAPTER III. THE EBIES AND THEIR DESTKUCTION. The Eries little known to the French— Power of the Iroquois— Destruc- tion of the Kahquahs — Iroquois Tradition Regarding the Overthrow of the Eries— The Latter hear of the League of the Five Nations — An Athletic Contest with the Seneeas— Bloody Work— An Attempted Sur- prise—A Great Battle—Defeat of the Eries— Probahllity of the Stoi-y Considered— Another Account — Butchery of the Erie Ambassadors- Burning of an Onondaga Chieftain— Wrath of the Confederates— The Next Spring they Set Out — Appioaching the Stronghold— Description of the Warriors— The Assault— The Victory— Vengeance— Return of the Iroquois. During the first quarter of a century after the ex- istence of the Eries became known to the Erench, very little occurred which has become matter of his- tory or even of tradition. The Gallic explorers with undaunted footsteps made their way to the shores of Lakes Huron and Ontario, but Lake Erie was almost an unknown sea to them. Between its waters and the French settlements in Canada were the homes of the fierce, untamable Iroquois, against whom Cham- plain, the founder of Canada, had needlessly waged war, and who had become the most implacable enemies of the French colonists. These celebrated confederates, already the terror of surrounding tribes, were rapidly rising to still wider dominion, partly on account of the strength derived from their well- planned union, and partly on account of the facility with which they could obtain fire-arms and ammuni- tion from the Dutch on the Hudson river, who were very glad to have so good a guard located between them and the adventurous Frenchmen of Canada! Equipped with these terrible weapons, and strong in their five- fold alliance, the Iroquois wreaked terrible vengeance not only on the countrymen of Champlain, but on their numerous foes of their own race, little foreseeing that the destruction of their Indian rivals would only leave themselves the less able to resist the advance of the Europeans. There was occasional warfare between the Iroquois and the Eries, but the Kahquahs, or Neuter Nation, whose seats were on both sides of the Niagara river and extended a short distance up the south side of Lake Erie, lay partly between the rivals, and were then at peace with both; so the enemies were con- strained to bridle their hatred when they met on Kali- quah ground, or, as some accounts say, only when in the immediate vicinity of the Kahquah villages. The Kahqualis maintained a similar neutrality between the Iroquois and the Hurons of Canada, and hence the French designation of "La Nation Neutre." They were not Quakers, by any means, however, and often waged war against distant tribes. But the time was rapidly approaching when their neutrality would no longer serve to shield them from the aggressive spirit of the Iroquois. In the autumn of 1650, the Five Nations, having already destroyed the Hurons, burst like a thunderbolt upon the un- fortunate Kahqualis, defeated them in battle, burned a large number of their villages and slaughtered the inhabitants. The next spring they renewed the assault, and utterly destroyed the Kahqualis as a nation, slaying all except a few whom they adopted into their own tribes, and a few more who fled for safety to the Indians of the Far West, among whom they soon lost their separate identity. Naught now interposed between the Eries and their arrogant foes, the Five Nations. Experience showed that they might soon expect an assault made with all the strength of the confederacy, and no doubt they prepared for its coming. The story of the final struggle is only to be derived frorri the vague and boastful traditions of the Iroquois, for of the Eries none are left to tell the tale of their people's ruin. One account, which has been widely quoted, was pub- lished in the Buffalo Commercial Advertiser in 1845, and is said to have been vouched for by "Governor Blacksnake," a celebrated Seneca chief then nearly a hundred years old, and by other aged warriors of the Five Nations. It represents that " when the Eries heard of the confederation between the Mohawks, Oneidas, Onon- dagas, Cayugas and Seneeas," they imagined it must be for some mischievous purpose. To discover its meaning they invited the Iroquois to send a hundred of their most athletic young men, to play a game of ball with a like number selected by the Eries, for a heavy wager. The invitation was declined. Next year it was repeated, but again declined. A third time the challenge was sent, and this time it was ac- cepted. A hundred men, the flower of the Iroquois youth, went forth, unarmed, to meet their antagonists. The two parties met near the site of Buffalo. A large amount of wampum-belts, buffalo robes, beaded moc- casins, etc., was deposited on each side as a wager, and then the game was played. The Iroquois were suc- cessful. The Eries then challenged the victors to a foot-race between ten of the fastest runners. The 18 GENERAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY. challenge was accepted, and the Iroquois were again victorious. By this time the Eries were extremely angry, and their chief proposed a wrestling match between ten of the best men on each side; it being understood that the victor in each case should toma- hawk his adversary and tear oil his scalp as a trophy. The Iroquois accepted the proposition, determined, however, as they say, not to enforce the bloody penalty provided they were the conquerors. In the first match a Beiieca threw his antagonist, but declined to slay him. The infuriated chief of the Eries immedi- ately drove his own tomahawk into the brains of his prostrate champion. A second and a third Erie met the same fate. The chief of the Iroquois, seeing the terrible excitement which prevailed among the Eries, IDut a stop to this remarkable "sport," and quickly led his men back to their own homes. This inglorious contest increased the jealousy of the Eries. They determined to attack the Senecas, who resided on Seneca lake, in the present State of New York, hoping to destroy them ere the other confed- erates could interfere. A Seneca woman, married among the Eries, fled and informed her countrymen of the intended assault. All the warriors of the Five Nations rallied to meet it. The two armies met on the east side of the Genesee river. After a long and bloody combat, elaborately described by Blacksnake and his friends, after the Eries had seven times been driven across a small stream which ran across the bat- tle field, and had every time regained their ground, they were forced back for the eighth time, and a corps of a thousand young Iroquois warriors, which had been held in reserve, was let loose upon the rear of their exhausted foes. This decided the day, and the Eries were almost entirely annihilated by the vigorous young warriors. The Iroquois army fol- lowed their defeated enemies to their homes, destroyed their villages, and slew all but a few wretched men and women, who fled in terror to the tribes farther west. Such is the substance of the story as preserved by Iroquois tradition, but it is altogether too good a story for the Five Nations. It shows them meek under provocation, successful in every athletic contest, and acting entirely on the defensive m the war which re- sulted in the destruction of their foes. The state- ment in the beginning that the movemeuts of the Eries were caused by their hearing of the formation of the Iroquois league, shows the dubious character of the whole story, for that league had been in exist- ence at least half a century when the Eries were destroyed, and probably much longer. The confed- eracy had again and again demonstrated its power, and it would be absurd to suppose that their near neighbors and bitter enemies, the Eries, did not know all about it. Some portions of the tradition may be true, but it is so partial to the Iroquois that no dependence can be placed upon it. Almost the only certain thing in the whole story is that there was a war between the Iroquois and the Eries, and that the latter were defeated and destroyed. The most reliable account of the last great contest between the Iroquois and the Eries is that given by Parkman in his "Jesuits of North America." This is also derived principally from Indian tradition, but the statements of the red men have been carefully sifted by that experienced historian, and have been compared with contemporary accounts of French missionaries. Moreover, it is quite in consonance with the nature of the Iroqtwis and the known results of the case. It appears from this account that in 1653 a treaty of peace was made between the Eries and the Senecas, the nearest and most powerful of the Iroquois tribes, and the former nation sent thirty ambassadors to the Seneca country to confirm it. While they were there a quarrel arose in which a Sen- eca warrior was killed by one of the Eries. The countrymen of the deceased, regardless of the sacred office of the ambassadors (according to civilized, ideas), immediately fell upon them and slew the whole thirty. When the Eries heard of this butchery, of course the war was at once renewed. One of the parties sent to harass the Iroquois captured an Onondaga chief, and returned with him in triumph to their own country. Indian custom required that he should be burned at the stake to appease the shades of their slaughtered brethren. Some of the older and wiser sachems objected. Such an act would make the whole confederacy perfectly implacable, although pre- vious to that time the quarrel had been principally with the Senecas. The Five Nations, partly armed with European weapons, had shown their immense power by scattering the great H^iron nation to the four winds and by utterly destroying the Kaliqxialis, and it would be madness to invoke the unappeasable wrath of the terrible confederacy. On the other hand the young warriors were furious for revenge, and besides it was almost a positive law among them that the blood shed by their foes should, be repaid with torture whenever an opportunity offered. There was, however, one way of escape. It was an immemorial custom that a prisoner's life might be saved at the request of a near relative of a slain war- rior, who adopted him in place, of the deceased. It was determined to give the Onondaga to the sister of one of the slaughtered ambassador;?. She was then absent, but it was not doubted that she would accept the prisoner in place of her brother, since by that means alone could the stern requirements of Indian law be reconciled with the safety of her people. She soon returned, and was earnestly solicited to acquiesce in the arrangement. But no; she would have no such brother as that. "Let him be burned,'" she said; and the party of vengeance was thus reinforced by all who held in es- pecial reverence the ancient customs of the tribe. The unfortunate Onondaga was doomed to the stake, and submitted to his terrible fate with the usual sto- icism of an Indian warrior. But, as they were about to light the funeral pile, he declared that they were burning the whole Erie nation, and many a prudent THE ERIES AND THEIR DESTRUCTION. 19 old sachem foreboded the accomplishment of tlie prophesy. When lihe news reached the Iroquois, the whole confederacy was in a fury of rage. Mohawks, Onei- das and Cayugas were as eager for revenge as the Senecas; and the Onondagas, whose chief had suffered the last punishment of savage hate, were even more so. The approach of winter prevented an immediate movement against the Eries, but in the spring of 1654 nearly all the Iroquois warriors were summoned 1 to the field. An army was fitted out which LeMoine, j a Jesuit missionary then among the Onondagas, esti- \ mated at eighteen hundred men — an immense num- ber when compared with an ordinary Indian war party. The Eries, sensible of their danger, had retreated to the western part of their territory — ^probably to the vicinity of Cleveland — and had there fortified themselves with palisades, strengthened by an abattis of forked trees. The /ro/^jtots escimated the number . of the Erie warriors at two thousand, but this was probably one of the usual exaggerations of an enemy. The Senecas, by far the most powerful of the Five Nations, could only muster a thousand warriors, and there is uo reason to suppose the Eries were stronger. Probably they were weaker. After a long march through tlie forest, the Iroquois approached the stronghold of tlieir enemies. A few carried muskets or arquebuses, and ammunition, either purchased from the Dutch or captured from the French. Two wore French costumes, doubtless stripped from the bodies of slain enemies. At length the long column of the confederates arrived in front of the fortress of the Eries, and spiead themselves out in line. Other armies have been larger and better disciplined, but few have made a more terrifying appearance than that which now stood awaiting the signal for the onslaught. The war costume of an Indian in the olden time consisted of a small breech-clout of deerskin, and a crest of as many bright colored 'feathers as he could obtain. His face and naked body were painted with pigments of red, yellow and black, arranged in the most fantastic and hideous designs that the artist could invent. A thousand or more savages, thus ar- rayed and decorated, and known to be filled with the most furious hatred, must have presented an appal- ling appearance to any but the hardiest foes. Nearly every man carried the bow, the arrows and the war c'ub which had been the weapons of his fathers, but a f jw, as has been said, were provided with fire-arms, and many had substituted iron hatchets and knives for the stone tomahawks and flint scalpers of their ancestors. The war-chiefs, of whom there was a large proportionate number, took their positions a few yards ahead of the line, each one in front of his own band. When all was ready the two Iroquois, before men- tioned as being dressed in French costume, advanced close to the walls and demanded the surrender of the Eries. One of them, who had been baptized by the Jepuits, declared that the "Master of Life" was on their side. "Ho, ho!" cried the scornful ^rtes, "our hatchets and our arrows are the masters of life; come and see what they will do!" The heralds retired, the head chiefs gave the signal, and with terrific yells the Iroquois advanced to the attack. They were met with flights of poisoned arrows, and were compelled to fall back. They then brought forward the canoes in which they had made the trip up the lake, and each crew bore its own bark above their heads so as to protect them from the arrows of the Eries. Thus shielded, they again moved forward. The poisoned missiles rattled on the frsiil bark vessels, but only occasionally hit the ex- posed part of some careless warrior. At length the assaulting line reached the front of the palisade. This lofty barrier might well appear an lusurnionntable obstacle to men unprovided with ladders, but the Iroqxiois placed their canoes against the wooden walls, and, in spite of the resistance of the Eries, speedily climbed over into the fort. Then began a scene of frightful butchery. Probably largely outnumbered by their confederated foes — per- haps hardly equal to them in warlike prowess — the Eries gave way on all sides. The Iroquois rushed forward, Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas, Oneidas and Mohawks all eager to be the first in the race for ven- geance. The forest resounded with the fearful yells of the victims, as in swift succession they struck down their foes with war-club or tomahawk, tore off their scalps, and waved the reeking trophies above their heads in demoniac triumph. As was generally the .case when one savage nation was completely successful over another, the conquered people was almost completely annihilated. Men, women and children were slaughtered with equal ruthlessness, and all their villages were burned to the ground. Some escaped to join the tribes of the Far West. Some, especially children, were reserved for adoption by the conquerors, in accordance with wide- spread Indian custom. Many of the warriors, too, were taken alive, but these were generally devoted to the most terrible fate which savage malignity could invent. When night came on, the victors prepared for a grand illumination. The captured warriors were bound, naked, one by one, to the trees of the forest. Piles of light fuel wei'e heaped around them and then the torch was applied. A Cayuga told Mr. Parkman that, according to the tradition in his tribe, a thou- sand Eries were thus enveloped in flames at once. As the Indians couldn't count over ten, and as there were probably not over a thousand Erie warriors in all, if so many, it is best to take this statement with much allowance. But even if there were a hundred thus subjected to torture, they must have formed the most soul-curdling sight that can well be imagined. Those who admire the romance of Indian life might have enjoyed their fill of it could they have stood in 30 GENBEAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. the forest on the shore of Lake Erie, two hundred and twenty-five years ago, and have seen the darkness lighted up by fire after fire, extending in every direc- tion, in the midst of each of which a naked warrior writhed in the agonies of death, his voice, however, rising in the death-song, defiant and contemptuous towai'd his foes, who danced and howled around him in all the ecstasy of diabolical glee. The Iroquois remained in the country of the Eries for two months, nursing their own wounded, and hunting out, and capturing or slaying, any of that un- fortunate people who might still be lingering near the homes of their ancestors. Then the conquerors re-entered their canoes, proceeded down the lake and made their way to their own homes, where they were doubtless received with universal admiration as heroes who had deserved well of their country. CHAPTEE IV. DISPUTED DOMIBTION. Iroquois Power— Its Boundary on the Cuyahoga— Ownership of the Western Part of tlie County— French Slcill— La Salle's Supj)osed Visit —His Great Exploration— The First Vessel on Lake Erie— Tonti and Hennepin— Brilliant Prospects for the French- Fate of the Griffln- Subsequent career of La Salle— Pretensions of the French and English —The Jealous Iroquois— Ohio a Part of Louisiana— Building of Fort Niagara— An Extensive Trust Deed— Lake Erie called "Oswego"— Meaning of the Word— The War of 1744— The Ohio Company— De Bien- ville's Expedition— New French Posts- The First European Establish- ment in Cuyahoga county— \^'ashington in the Field— The First Amer- ican Congress— Franklin's Proposition— Beginning of the Great War- Western Indians aid the French— Defeat of Braddoek— French For- tunes wane— Loss of Niagara and Quebec— Surrender of Canada^- End of French Poiver in the Lake Region. Ebom that time forward northwestern Ohio became a parb of the domain of bhe all-conquering Iroquois. They fixed their western boundary at the Cuyahoga river, and there were none to dispute it with them. They continued, however, to reside in central JSTew York, using this region only as a hunting ground. That remarkable confederacy was then at the hight of its power. Erom the Atlantic to the Mississippi, from Hudson's bay to the Gulf of Mexico, no nation nor league of their own race was able to withstand them, and the feeble colonies of Europeans alternate- ly courted their friendship or shrank from their en- mity. Though claiming no farther west than the Cuya- hoga, their war parties made frequent excursions far beyond that boundary, coasting up Lake Erie in their canoes, passing by those who propitiated their friend- ship, but executing vengeance on those who awakened their wrath, even to the distant shores of the Missis- sippi and the far northern waters of Lake Superior. That part of Cuyahoga county west of the river which bears its name was not permanently occupied by any tribe, but appears to have been claimed by another confederacy, much less powerful than the Iroquois, which had its principal seat in Michigan, and was composed of the Ottawas, Chippewas and the Pottawattamies. The Shatonees, who resided in the southwest, in the present State of Indiana, also frequently hunted along the shore of Lake Erie. In fact, the boundaries of Indian possessions were sel- dom defined with the accuracy of farm-lines in a deed, and were constantly varying according to the power or caprice of their owners. Notwithstanding the old grudge of the Iroquois. against them, the French, whose skill in managing savages was unequaled by that of any other European nation, succeeded in the intervals of active warfare in insinuating themselves among those fierce warriors, and securing a foothold for their fur-traders and even for their missionaries. It is highly probable that some of those classes, intent on the interests of com- merce or religion, made their way to the south shore of Lake Erie soon after, if not before, the destruction of the unfortunate people wlio resided there; for the Jesuit map of 1660 proves that the members of that order had at least traced the chain of waters from Lake Erie to Lake Superior. Very little is known, however, of the locality un- der consideration. According to a biography of the celebrated La Salle, by an anonymous author, yet bearing many evidences of credibility, that remarka- ble adventurer came into the country south of Lake Erie in 1669, discovered tiie Ohio and descended it to the rapids where Louisville now stands, where he was abandoned by his men and compelled to return alone. What La Salle was doing at this period is not posi- tively known, and such an exploit would be in perfect harmony not only with his dauntless courage and boundless love of adventure but with his uniform lack of tact in managing his subordinates. A map attributed to La Salle, issued in 1672, calls the great body of water which bounds Cuyahoga county on the north, "Lake Tejocharonting, com- monly called Lake Erie." But it was not until 1679 that Lake Erie was fully explored by European eyes and its waters plowed by a vessel built by European hands. The leader in this important enterprise was the brilliant adventurer al- ready named, Eobert Cavelier de la Salle. This gen- tleman, a Frenchman of good family, then thirty-five years old, was the boldest and most successful of all the gallant men who attempted to explore the interior of North America. Some adventurers had made short excursions inland from the coast, others had trodden the shores of the St. Lawrence, others still had traced the coast of the Gulf of Mexico and discov- ered the mouth of its principal river; it was given to La Salle to glide from the northeast to the southwest over three thousand unknown miles of land and wa- ter, to unravel the great enigma of the Mississippi, and to span the whole eastern portion of the conti- nent with the bow of triumphant discovery. Having left his native Eouen at the age of twenty- two. La Salle had for thirteen years been leading a life of varied adventure in America, and had in 1678 received a commission from Louis the Fourteenth to DISPUTED DOMINIOK 21 discover the western part of New France. In the winter and spring of 1678 and 1679 he built a vessel of sixty tons on the Niagara river, above the falls, to which he gave .the name of the "Griffin." After long waiting, to perfect his preparations, La Salle sailed up Lake Erie from the head of the Niagara on the seventh day of August, 1678. It is not certain on which side of Lake Erie the "Griffin" sailed, nor whether it crossed the watery portion of Cuyahoga county; the presumption, how- ever, is that it went on the north side, which was not only the shortest but was least likely to be infested by the hostile Iroquois. Nevertheless, the opening of the great inland sea, on which the county borders, to the knowledge and the commerce of Europe is an event of such importance to all who live on its shores as to merit more than a passing notice. La Salle occupied four days in making the voyage from the site of Buffalo to the head of the lake, where he entered into the straits which lead to Lake Huron. There were thirty-four men on board the "Griffin," all Frenchmen with two or three exceptions. La Salle himself is repi-esented as a handsome, blue-eyed cavalier, with smooth cheeks and abundant ringlets, apparently better fitted to grace the salons of Paris than to dare the dangers of the American wilderness, yet in reality standing in the foremost rank of all those who opened the new world to the knowledge of the old. The second in command was Henry de Tonti, an Italian by birth, son of the inventor of the "Tontine" plan of insurance, who had served valiantly as a sol- dier in the Sicilian wars, who had been exiled from his native land by revolution, and who showed, throughout his career under La Salle, the most un- wavering contempt of danger and the most devoted loyalty to his chief. Another distinguished voyager on the "Griffin" was the celebrated Father Hennepin, a Franciscan friar of Flemish birth, but French by education and lan- guage, who was at once the priest and the historian of the expedition. " With sandaled feet, a coarse, gray capote, and peaked hood, the cord of St. Francis about his waist, and a rosary and crucifix hanging at his side, the father set forth on his memorable jour- ney."* He was attended by two coadjutors, and they carried with them a light poi-table altar, which could be strapped on the back like a knapsack or set up in the wilderness at a moment's notice. Father Hennepin was destined, in the course of the wide wanderings on which he was then entering, to display the most unswerving courage, and the most devoted zeal in the conversion of the savages to Christianity, but was also to acquire the less enviable reputation of being one of the most mendacious of the many un- trustworthy European travelers in America. As the little bark with its gallant commander, its zealous priests and its swarthy crew, swept westward * Parkman. before the favoring breezes, all doubtless believed that they were opening the new lake to the com- merce of France, and that its fertile shores would in time be occupied by the subjects of Louis le Grand or his successors. To all appearances the French had obtained the complete dominion of all the waters of the St. Lawrence, and the career of La Salle was to extend still farther the sway of their magnificent monarch. The most vivid and prophetic imagination could not have pictured the shores of the great lakes passing from the dominion of France to that of Eng- land, (whose king, Charles the Second, was then the mere vassal of Louis the Fourteenth), and again, after a brief interval, becoming a part of an independent country, whose power was to rival that of either of the great nations which had preceded it in the path of empire. La Salle named the waters over which he was pass- ing the " Lac de Conti," in honor of one of his pat- rons, the Prince de Conti, but Father Hennepin called it Erie, mentioning at the same time that the Indians termed it "Brie Tejocharonting." The "Griffin," though the pioneer of all the immense commerce of Lake Erie, was itself the sport of disas- trous fate. It went to Green Bay, where La Salle, Tonti and Hennepin left it; started on its return with a cargo of furs, and was never heard of more. Whether it sank with all on board amid the storm- tossed waters of Lake Michigan or Huron, or was driven upon the shore of Lake Erie and its crew mur- dered by the revengeful Iroquois, has been a subject of frequent but unavailing investigation. Numerous relics of shipwreck have been found near the mouth of Eocky river, in Cuyahoga county, and it is possi- ble, not probable, that some of them came from the long lost "Griffin." With greater probability it has been deemed that the scene of the "Griffin's" ship- wreck was discovered, near the beginning of this centu- ry, by the settlers in the southwest part of Erie county, New York; for there were cannon found there with French mottoes upon them, which certainly gives color to the theory that that was the tlieater of the " Griffin's " disaster. There are, liowever, other ways of accounting for those relics, and it is quite likely, as before stated, that the pioneer vessel of the upper lakes sank amid their turbulent waters with all of its unfor- tunate crew. After the "Griffin" had sailed. La Salle, with the majority of his companions, went into the Illinois country. There they built two trading posts, but as, after long waiting, the "Griffin" did not return, the indomitable chief, with three comrades, performed the extraordinary feat of returning on foot to tiie. shores of the St. Lawrence, subsisting entirely upon the game they procured with their muskets. It has generally been supposed that La Salle and his com- panions went on the southern side of Lake Erie across the territory of Cuyahoga county, but there are good, reasons for believing that they crossed the Detroit river and skirted the northern shore of the lake,.. GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. wliere they would be in less danger from the ever- d leaded Iroquois. La Salle afterwards returned to the Illinois region, and in 1683, with a handful of men, descended the Mississippi to the sea, thus achieving the greatest feat of discovery ever accomplished in the interior of America, and adding the vast territory of Louisiana to the dominions of France. While endeavoring, however, to colonize these newly discovered lands, he met with continual disasters, and was at length mur- dered by some of his own followers, in what is now the State of Texas. For a long period afterwards there is very little to relate regarding the county of Cuyahoga. The French waged long wars with the English under King William and Queen Anne, and the Iroquois Avere generally in alliance with the latter jieople. Nevertheless the French, whose powers of insinuation among savages were unrivaled, obtained considerable influence among the Senecas, and were enabled to make many profitable voyages after furs upon Lake Erie. Fort Poncliartrain was built on the site of Detroit in 1701. By the peace of Utrecht, concluded' ;it the end of " Queen Anne's War" in 1713, the Five Nations (or the Six Nations, as they became about that time by the admission of the Tuscaroras into the C(mfederacy), were acknowledged to be subjects of the crown of Great Britain, but no definite boundaries were assigned them. From that time forth the Eng- lish claimed to own as far west as the Cuyahoga, on the ground that the Six Nations had long been tlie proprietors to that point, while the French, by right (if discovery and possession, claimed both shores of the gi-eat lakes, together with the whole valley of the Mississippi. As for the Iroquois, they repudiated tiiei)retensions of the English as scornfully as they did those of the French, and asserted their own ownership by virtue of their conquest of the Kahqualis and Fries. In fact tliey were becoming, perlnips, more jealous of the English than of the French, since the former were continually obtaining large tracts of Indian lands for the purpose of colonization, while the latter only wanted posts for their fur-traders and stations for their missionaries. Frencli traders from Canada scoured the whole West in searcli of furs, as did also the Dutch and English of New York. At the period in question the French considered Ohio as a part of Louisiana. That province was di- vided into four parts, each in charge of a military commandant; all being subject to the council-general of Louisiana. One of these subdivisions nominally included all the territory northwest of the Ohio. In fact, • however, the would-be rulers exercised very little authority outside the walls of their rude fortresses. In 1725, the French obtained permission of the Iroquois chiefs to build a "stone house " at the mouth of the Niagara, on the east side, where the Marquis de Denonville had previously planted a French post. which liad been speedily abandoned. The "stone house" was at once begun, and finislied the next year; assuming, by the time ib was completed, the propor- tions of a strong frontier fortress. This was a very important proceeding, as it gave the French, to a great extent, the command of the whole upper lake region. There was a great deal of intriguing among the Iroquois chiefs on the part of both the French and the English, audit is sometimes difficult to learn which was in the ascendency ; though, as a general rule, the English influence was predominant. The French were most successful with the Senecas and one or two other western tribes of the confederacy, while the Molumuks and Oneidas, who lived on the English frontier, were usually faithful to their inter- est. The ancient bond of the " Hedonosaunee," or People of the Long House, as the Iroquois called themselves, was evidently weakening under the Stress of foreign intrigue. But the French did not have it all their own way even with the western tribes. . The same year that Fort Niagara was completed seven of the principal sachems of the Senecas, Gayugas and Onondugas made a deed of trnst to the King of Great Britain and his successors, of their lands, extending in a belt sixty miles wide from the foot of Lake Ontario, all aljiig that lake, the Niagara river and the "Lake Oswego," [Erie] to the "creek called Oanahogne," which was the original form of Cuyahoga. The deed also included the " beaver hunting-grounds " of those nations, the boundaries of which were not described, but which are supposed to have been on the Canadian peninsula. The king was to hold the lands forever, but solely in trust for the tribes above-named; the ob- ject being evidently to give the English an excuse for withstanding the pretensions of the French to the same territory. It is doubtful whether the seven chiefs had any authority to deed away the lands of their people, even "in trust," and it is probable that they represented only the English faction, while it was the French faction which had given that nation authority to build Fort Niagara. The officers of King Louis and King George now maintained the conflicting claims of their respective masters to the country cast of tlie Cuyahoga with more pertinacity than ever before. It will have been obsei~ved that in the above deed Lake Erie is called " Oswego," that being the same name which about the same time was applied to the locality on Lake Ontario, at the mouth of the Onon- daga, now Oswego. On a map in Colden's History of the Five Nations Lake Erie is called "Okswego," and this appellation is also used in Washington's jour- nal, in 1753, and on Pownal's map, as late as 1777. This name, like most Indian names, has received many different explanations. The most plausible, considering that the expj-ession was used in regard to two such widely separated localities, is that of " boundless view," or, as the Indians express it "look everywhere — see nothing." Such an appellation DISPUTED DOMlNIOlsr. 2.1 would be applicable to almost any point along the lakes, or to either of the lakes itself. The lake on which Cuyahoga county borders was,- however, more often called by its, old name of "Erie," and this finally superseded all oth«i's. Notwithstanding tlve intrigues of the French and English, that part of Cuyahoga couuty east of the river continued in gesiceable possession of the 8ix Nations, who used it only as ahunting ground, while the western part was occupied for the same purpose hj the Ottawas, CMppewas and Pettawattamies. The only white men seen within its bounds were occasional French far-traders, or, less often, an extramely daring Etaglish one, and perchancej now and then, a dark- gowned Jesuit, abandoning ease and risking life to spread tlie faith of his church among the savages of the Far West. In the war between France and England, begun in 1744, and concluded by the treaty of Aix la Chapelle in 1748, tlic Six Nations generally maintained tiieir neutrality, and the contest had no efEect this far west. In the last named year,, ho we \?er, an association called the Ohio Company was organized under the authority of the government of Virginia, for the purpose of settling tiie lands which that colony claimed west of the AUeganies. It numbered foui:teon members, all Virginians except one, (a Londoner), ani«ng whom were Lawrence and Augustine, elder brothers of George Washington. The Virginia authorities gave it a grant of half a million acres west of the AUega- nies, but without any definite location of boundaries; if the owners could maintain themselves on the Ohio or the shores of Lake Erie, they were welcome to do so. The peace of Aix la Chapelle was little more than an armed truce, so far as America was concerned, and the intrigues of both Frencii and English for the ex- tension of theii- frontiers were more active than eter. In 1749, the Count de la Galissoniero, the governor- general of Canada,, ordered Monsieur Celeron de Bien- ville to sot forth frorii Detroit with three hundred men, to visit all important points, east and southeast, as far as the AUeganies, and to take formal possession of. the country, in the name ofthe king of France. De Bienville obeyed his instructions, and at, each im- portant locality he buried a leaden plate, engraved with the arms of France, and also made one of those curious records, called a "proves verial," which con- sisted of a solemn written declaration of the. officer, duly attested before a notary public, to the effect that he did then and there take possession of the surround- ing country, in the name and for the benefit of the king of France, As the mouth of the Cuyahoga had long been recog- nized as one of the principal places in the West, especially as being the, boundary between the Six Na- tions and their western rivals,, it is highly probable that Celeron de Bienville buried one of his plates and drew up one of his "proces verbal" at that point, but there is no direct evidence to that effect. The next year the French followed up the movement they had begun, by building a fort near Sandusky bay. In 1753, the Marquis de Durpiesne de Menneville was appointed governor-general of Canada, and pro- ceeded to carry out the aggressive policy of his prede- cessor. The Indians of all the tribes beeame seriously alarmed, and in a council held below Pittsburg, that year, they inquired where the Indian lands were, since the French chiimod all on the west side of the Ohio and the English on the oast. The next year the French began to carry oat their long planned scheme of connecting Lake Erie and the Ohio river by a chain of posts, which should at once mark the boundary of tiie French possessions and defend them from inva- sion. Posts were accordingly established at Presqu' Isle, (Erie), Le Boouf (Frencli Creek) and Venango, all in the present State of Pennsylvania. If the movement was successful and the English acquiesced in it, Cuyahoga county, with all the rest of the West, was to become French territory. The English and their colonies took the alarm ; a small garrison was ordered to the forks of the Ohio, and young Major George Washington was sent by the governor of Virginia to remonstrate with the com- mandant, at LeHoeuf and demand his withdrawa'. The latter proceeding was entirely futile, as was doubtless expected, and the next spring the French went down with a heavy force, drove away the little garrison 4xt the forks of the Ohio, and built a fort there which they called Fort Duquesne. Thus the chain of posts was complete, and for the first time Cuyahoga county was fully inclosed within the French lines. The same year another fort was built on the Sandusky. About the same period, perhaps a little earlier, a French post of some kind vvas established on the Cuyahoga. It is shown on Lewis Evans' majj, of 1755, as a "French house," five or six miles up the river on the west side. The language would indicate a trading-house, but it was probably sufficiently for- tified to resist a sudden attack of hostile Indians. This was the first European establishment within the limits of Cuyahoga county. By this time all the colonies were much excited, and a meeting of their representatives — ^the first American congress — was held at Albany to devise some means of united action against the common en- emy. Benjamin Franklin, a delegate from Pennsyl- vania, proposed a plan of union among the colonies, which, however, was not adopted. Immediately afterwards Franklin, in his paper at Philadelphia, proposed a plan for defending the frontiers. Two joint-stock companies were to be formed, each share- holder in which was to receive a certain number of acres of land from the government; one of the com- panies being bound to plant a colony on the JSIiagara frontier, and the other to establish one norlh of the Ohio. For the protection of the latter he pioposed a temporary fort on French creeek, and another at the month of the " Tioga" [Cuyahoga] on the south side of Lake Erie, " where a post should be formed and a 24 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY, town erected for the trade of the lake." This was, so far as kuowD, the first suggestion ever made look- ing to the building of a town on the site of Cleve- land. But Franklin's plan necessitated that the govern- ment should first drive the French away from the head-waters of tlie Ohio and the south shore of Lake Erie, and this was a very difiicalt thing to do. When it should be accomplished the problem of defending tlie frontiers would have been substantially solved, whether the proposed colonies were established or not. In that year (1754) Washington, by attacking a French party which was spying around his camp, struck the first overt blow in the most important war which had yet been waged in America. The French rallied their numerous friends among i^ie western In- dians, and these came gliding down the lake in canoes, resplendent in war-paint and feathers, ready to aid their great father, the king of France. Some went to Presqa' Isle (Erie), and thence to the posts in the interior, but some went np the Cuyahoga to the " French house," thence to the portage, and so on direct to Fort Duquesne. In 1755, a crowd of these western savages defeated the disciplined army of Braddock, and the valley of the Oliio and the shores of Lake Brie appeared to be more firmly fixed than ever in the power of the French. Their grasp was loosened in 1758, when Fort Duquesne was surrendered to General Forbes, but was by no means entirely relinquished. The next year, at tlie same time that Wolfe was seeking glory and a grave under the walls of Quebec, General Prideaux and Sir William Johnson, with a considera- ble force of English, Provincials and Iroquois, came to- besiege Fort Niagara, justly considered the key of the whole upper-lake region. Again the western In- dians were called on, and again they hastened down the lake to the assistance of their French brethren. D'Aubrey, the commander at Venango, gathered all he could of both white and red, and hastened to the relief of Niagara. He was utterly defeated and captured, however, close to the walls of that post, and the fort itself was immediately surrendered to the English. When this news came westward, fol- lowed quickly by the intelligence of the fall of Quebec, the few remaining Frenchmen along the lakes sadly foreboded the speedy transfer of this broad domain to the power of the hated English. In September of the next year (17G0), the Marquis de Vandreuil, gov- ernor-general of Canada, surrendered that province to the English, including all the forts of the western country. This ended the long contest for dominion over the territory of northern Ohio, for no one could doubt that, with the French once subdued, the Eng- lisli wpuld bp the virtual lords of the whole country, although they might permit the various tribes of In- dians to assert a nominal ownership. CHAPTER V. ENGLISH DOMINIOlf. Major Rogers and his Rangers sent to Detroit— The Command at the "Chogage"— Location of that Stream— A Band of Ottawas— Question as to the presence of Pontiac— Rogers' description of the Meeting, and of subsequent Events— Sir William Johnson at the Cuyahoga— First British Vessel on Lake Erie— Conspiracy of Pontiac— Wilkins' Expe- dition-Location of the Disaster which befell it— Bradstreet's Expedi- tion—Its arrival in Cuyahoga County— Description of the Scene— The Command proceeds up the Lake— Its Return-^ Wreck of the Flotilla- Location of that Event— Destruction of Boats— Putnam and his Men return on Foofr-Eelics found near Rocky River- A Mound full of Bones— Query regarding its Occupants— Subsequent Events— Hard- ships of Early Navigation— Ohio annexed to the Province of Quebec- Lord Dunmore's War— The Revolution— Indian Forays— Murder of Moravian Indians— Meeting of Commissioners to negotiate Peace- Proposition to give Ohio to Great Britain— Its Defeat— Duration of English Dominion. As soon as the surrender of Canada had been en- forced, the British commander-in-chief. Gen. Amherst, felt that it was important to send a body of troops immediately to take possession of the western French posts, especially of Detroit, which had been looked on as the headquarters of French power on the upper lakes by numerous warlike tribes, who. would hardly .believe that England was victorious as long as they saw the. Gallic flag flying from the battlements of that fortress. He selected for that purpose the force reported to be the bravest body of partisans in the Anglo-American army— the celebrated New Hamp- shire Rangers, commanded by their renowned leader. Major Robert Rogers. Major Rogers had served throughout the war which was just, closing, usually having a separate force with which he operated against the Indians or annoyed the French, and act- ing much of the time in concert with Israel Putnam, of Connecticut, whose fame as a partisan was second only to his own; each of them having done more daring deeds and experienced more hair-breadth escapes than would suffice to fill a volume. This hardy backwoods leader, with his battalion of "Rangers,"' set out from Fort Niagara in October, 1760. The command moved up the- Niagara and set forth- upon Lake Erie in the large bateaux, holding fifty men each, with which white troops usually navi- gated the great lakes at that period. On the 7th of November the battalion arrived at the mouth of a river which Rogers!, in his published journal, calls the "Chogage." It has generally been assumed that this was the Cuyahoga, but we agree with Col. Whittlesey, the author of the Early History of Cleveland, in think- ing that it was much more probably the "Cheraga," as the Grand river was then called, according to the old maps; a name which haa since become Geauga. Major Rogers, in his journal, gave the distances which he sailed nearly every day, and these, as stated after he left Presqu'Isle (Erie), would bring him just about to Grand river. "Chogage" is much more like Chei-aga than it is like Cuyahoga or Canahogue, and as the Cuyahoga river was one of the best known streams ih'the western country, and was laid down ENGLISH DOMINION. ^5 on all the maps of this region, it is certainly strange if Major Eogera, a man of marked intelligence, did not know its name and location. At this point Eogers met a band of Attawawa {Ot- tawa) Indians, just arrived from Detroit. In Rogers' "Journal," published in 1765, nothing is said of Pon- tiac or any other celebrated chief as being present on this occasion, but in his " Concise Account of the War," also published in 1765, it is stated that Pontiac was the leader of the party and that he haughtily forbade the English from proceeding. Rogers was a good deal of an adventurer, and some have imagined that after Pontiac became celebrated the major added the account of their meeting to give interest to his story. It is, however, one of those discrepancies which indicate truth rather than falsehood. If Major Rogers had interpolated the, account of Pontiac, he would have carefully made his two books harmonize on that point; they being both, as we have said, pub- lished in the same year. It has been suggested that, as the Cuyahoga was the eastern boundary of Ponti- ac's territory, he would not have halted Rogers at Grand river. But it should always be remembered that Indian boundaries are not as clearly defined as those of the white man; and though the Cuyahoga was generally considered the boundary between the Iro- quois and the western Indians, yet the old maps show an Ottawa village on the east side of that stream, in the present township of Independence; so it may well be that the haughty Pontiac claimed as far east as Grand river or even farther. We may add that the great authority of Parkman is decidedly in favor of the credibility of Rogers' account. According to that account the first delegation of Indians informed the major that the great chief, Pontiac, was not far off, and requested him to wait until that dignitary could see " with his own eyes" the Anglo-American commander. Accordingly Pon- tiac soon met Rogers, demanded his business, and asked him how he dared to enter that country without his, Pontiac's, permission. Rogers acswei-ed that he had no design against the Indians, but should remove the French, the common enemy of both the whites and the Indians, at the same time giving a belt of wampum. Pontiac said: "I stand in the patli you travel in until to-morrow morning ;" thus forbidding the Americans to proceed, and emphasizing the command by the presentation of a wampum belt. Rogers continues: "When he departed for the night he inquired whether I wanted anything that his country afforded, and he would send for it. I assured him that any provisions they brought should be paid for, and the next day we were supplied by them with several bags of parched corn and some other necessaries. At onr_ second mjeetjng he gave me the pipe of peace, and both of u« hy turns smoked with it, and he assured me he had made peace with me and my detachment; that I migb* pas* Ma-ough his country unmolested, and relieve th« French garrison, and that he would protect me and my party from any insults that might be offered or intended by Indians; and as an earnest of his friendship he sent a hundred warriors to pro- tect and assist us in driving a hundred fat cattle, which we had brought for the use of the detachment from Pittsburg by the way of Presqu' Isle [Erie]. He likewise sent to the Indian towns on the south side and west end of Lake Erie, to inform them that I had his consent to come into the country. He at- tended me constantly after this interview till I ar- rived at Detroit, and while I remained in the country, and was the means of preserving the detachment from the fury of the Indians, who had assembled at the mouth of the strait, with an intent to cut us off. I had several conferences with him, in which he dis- played great strength of judgment and a thirst after knowledge." Rogers was detained at "Chogage" by contrary winds until the 12th of November, when he made a run, which he estimated at forty-one miles, to "Elk river." This was probably Rocky river, though the old maps show Elk river east of the Cuyahoga. Those maps were made from vague reports, and though they showed the names of the principal streams they fre- quently confused the localities. The distance from " Chogage" (Cheraga, Geauga or Grand river) was so great that Rogers' next stopping place could not pos- sibly have been Chagrin river, and the Cuyahoga was too well known to be mistaken. From Rocky river the adventurous major, with his battalion of daring partisans, seasoned in a score of desperate conflicts with the savages, proceeded up the lake to remove the principal emblem of French dominion in the iipper- lake region, while the Ottawa chiefs, preserving their friendly demeanor, continued in the somewhat un- wonted task of escorting the detachment which drove the cattle along the shore. Rogers reached Detroit in safety, and took posses- sion of it in the name of King George the Second, and for a time it seemed as if all the tribes of the West were willing to acknowledge the supremacy of the British. The next year Sir William Johnson went to Detroit, to aid in attaching the western In- dians to the English crown by the same arts by which he had gained such a powerful influence over the Iroquois. He returned by the south side of the lake, (which seems to have been a favorite route, although the one along the north side was the shortest), and mentions his preparations to stop at the Cuyahoga; showing, as before stated, that that was a well known point. It was in 1762, as near as can be ascertained, that the first British vessel sailed upon Lake Erie; a schooner called the "Gladwyn," designed to carry supplies to the posts on the upper lakes. Meanwhile the western Indians, including per- haps some of the westernmost tribes of the Iroquois, had been all the while growing more hostile to the English, partly on account of jjheir attachment to the defeated Fi'ench, partly from jealousy of the rapid 26 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. progress of the English, and partly, probably, from disgust at the haughty ways of the conquerors, never as adroit as the French in the management of bar- barous tribes. A wide-spreading conspiracy was skillfully organized by Pontiac, which in the spring of 1763 developed itself in simultaneous attacks on all the principal English posts. While that able though ferocious leader fiercely assaulted Detroit with his Ottaioas, other tribes came hurrying down the lake to attempt the capture of Fort Pitt, and still others united with the Senecas in besieging Fort Niagara. But, though nine smaller posts were surprised and their garrisons massacred, the three just named withstood all the attempts of their foes. In the summer Major Rogers, who had returned east, was again sent up the lake with a de- tachment of provincials, to aid the garrison of De- troit. Pontiac still maintained the siege, and in the autumn another force of some six hundred regulars, under Major Wilkins, proceeded to the relief of the beleaguered post. This force was wrecked on their way up, the artillery was lost, seventy-three oiBcers and men were drowned, and the remainder returned to Fort Niagara. It has been strenuously argued that this mishap occurred near Rocky river, in this county, but after a careful examination of the facts, we have no hesita- . tion in deciding that it was on the north shore of the lake. The place mentioned in contemporary records as being the scene of the disaster was "Point aux Pins" (Point of Pines), a well known locality in the district of Kent, Canada West, which is mentioned on several of the old maps by the same appellation. Besides, if Bradstreet's disaster, which occurred the next year at that point, had been at the same place as that which befell Wilkins, some of the contempo- rary writers would undoubtedly have said so. Pontiac finally raised the siege of Detroit, but still maintained a hostile attitude toward the English. In the spring of 1764 it was determined to send a sutiicient force up the lake to awe the western Indians into subjection. Tliis expedition was placed under the command of Colonel (commonly called General) Bradstreet, a native of Massaeliusetts, who had been quartermaster-general of the Northern army in several of its most important campaigns, and who was gen- erally considered one of the ablest and most enterpris- ing officers in the service. After a long halt at Fort Niagara, to compel the adhesion of the reluctant Senecas, the command came up the lake, reaching the borders of Cuyahoga coun- ty in August. Colonel Bradstreet commanded the largest force of white men which had yet appeared on Lake Erie, be- sides a considerable number of Indians. They made a gay and formidable appearance as they swept up the lake, the white men in their great, open bateaux, holding forty or fifty men each, with sails spread to catch the favoring breeze; the red men in a cloud of light canoes, each burdened with but three or four warriors, and swiftly propelled through the water by the paddles of its inmates. It was one of those motley but picturesque bands, so common in those early wars, which harmonized well with the wilderness through which they were often called to pass, and it presented more to interest the eye and the imagination than might a far larger and better disciplined army. Three hundred and fifty of the number were veteran soldiers of the seventeenth and fifty-fifth regiments of British regulars, clad in their brilliant, scarlet uniforms, ofiicered by the eliie of the aristocracy, and trained to obey every word of command with more than religious zeal. Beside them were three battalions of provincial troops from New York, New Jei'sey and Connecticut, numbering nearly eight hundred in all, less brilliantly clad and less rigidly disciplined than their English companions, but by no means to be confounded with ordinary militiamen. Nearly all of them had seen hard service in the many campaigns of the previous ten years, had shown themselves no unworthy foes of the soldiers of King Louis, and in combats with the Indians were more than equal to the red-coated musketeers of England. At the head of the Connect- icut battalion was that sturdy farmer-soldier, then a little over forty years of age, already renowned as one of the most valiant Indian-fighters on the continent, the companion or rival of Rogers in half a dozen desperate campaigns, and afterwards destined to still wider fame as Major General Israel Putman, of the army of the Revolution. Besides these soldiers of Caucasian blood, the water was covered by a swarm of bark canoes, where gleamed beneath the August sun the knives, the tomahawks and the naked, copper- colored bodies of a thousand warriors, gathered from nearly all the tribes of the east to aid in the subjugation of their contumacious western brethren. Here were Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Tuscaroras, Conawagas, Nan- ticoTces, Stoclcbridges, Oquagas, and even a few Otta- was from Canada, ready to make war on their coun- trymen and their great chieftain, Pontiac. The largest body, however, from any tribe was composed of three hundred scowling Senecas, who had only been persuaded to join by the mingled threats of Bradstreet and persuasions of Sir William Johnson (who had accompanied the expedition as far as Fort Niagara), and who had only the previous year per- petrated the terrible massacre of the "Devil's Hole," on the bank of the Niagara, when nearly a hundred English soldiers were surprised and slain in a few terrible moments. They could hardly have been very reliable allies of the British, and were probably re- quired to accompany the expedition rather as hostages for their brethren at home than for any other pur- pose. Colonel Bradstreet, as has before been stated, had been considered one of the very ablest and most en- terprising commanders in the service durino- the French war, but he was singularly unfortunate ENGLISH DOMINION. 27 throughout this expedition. He was believed to have been deceived by a treaty he made with the Indians at Presqu' Isle. When he readied Sandusky bay he could neither persuade the hostile Indians of the Scioto plains to come to him and make a treaty, nor could he, for lack of transportation, go to them and conquer them. He next proceeded to Detroit, where perhaps the appearance of so large a force had a good effect on the lingering followers of Pontiac, and then returned to Sandusky bay. On the 18th of October he re-embarked his men to return east, refusing to wait even a few hours for some who were absent from" camp. Within a day or two after leaving Sandusky bay the boats were drawn up at night along an open beach, on which the men made their bivouac. During the night a storm arose, drove the boats ashore, destroyed a large portion of them, and caused the loss of a great part of the pro- visions and ammunition. The locality of this disaster was, beyond all reason- able doubt, at "McMahon's beach," in the town of Eockport, in this county, stretching from one to three miles west of Eocky river, and being from eight to ten miles west of Cleveland. The description of the locality corresponds with that given in contemporary accounts, though these are not very definite, and moreover there have been an immense number of military relics found in that vicinity which could not have come from any other source than Bradstreet's unfortunate flotilla. The principal of these relics are described in an elaborate paper by the late Dr. J. P. Kirtland, which is published entire in Colonel Whit- tlesey's History of Cleveland, and of which we avail ourselves liberally and thankfully in this chapter. Some have attributed the disaster to the obstinacy of Bradstreet, who insisted on drawing up his boats opposite tlie beach and lauding there, in opposition to the protests of his more experienced officers. Sir William Johnson, in a letter to General Gage, im- putes the misfortune to Bradstreet's relying on a French pilot, of Detroit, who was suspected of betray- ing an English officer— Captain Dalzell — into an In- dian ambuscade the year before. The man may have been treacherous, but the fact is hardly proven by his failing to navigate Lake Erie with a fleet of ba- teaux and canoes. The wonder is that so many of those old navigators in such vessels escaped destruc- tion. Parkman's account says the storm raged three days, but some part of this had probably spent its force before the flotilla drew up opposite McMahon's beach. If it liad been beaten against the land during that period, there would hardly have been a single boat left. As it was, twenty-five bateaux (half of the whole number) were destroyed, and most of the ammunition and baggage was lost. Bradstreet proceeded to make the best arrange- ments he could for continuing his return home. His six brass field-pieces were buried on the shore, as Sir William complained, " in the sight of ye French vil- lain," who, he feared, would cause them to be dug up by the Indians and used against Detroit. The re- maining boats being too few to carry all the men, the commandant directed a hundred- and seventy rangers, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Putnam, to march along the shore of the lake and river to Fort Niagara, while the main body of the army proceeded by boat to the same place. Among the numerous relics described by Dr. Kirt- land, interesting of themselves, and also as proving beyond doubt the locality of Bradstreet's disaster, we will mention the following ; some being found at Mc- Mahon's beach, and some in the immediate vicinity of Eocicy river, a mile or two farther down. The discovery of these at the latter point led Dr. Potter to believe that Major Wilkins' expedition was wrecked there, but, as before stated, there is no reasonable doubt but what that disaster occurred on the north shore of Lake Erie, and it is of course probable in the highest degi-ee that some of Bradstreet's boats would be carried down to the mouth of the river before they broke up. An elaborately finished sword was thrown on the beach fronting the right bank of Eocky river in 1820, whicb was picked up by Orin Joiner, a member of the family of Datus Kelley. The top of the hilt was a large lion's head of pure silver, of which metal the guard was also composed. The silver was melted down by a Cleveland goldsmith to whom the sword was sold. Dr. Potter supposes the lion's head to have been an ensign of the naval service, but the de- tailed report of the forces employed on the expedi- tion does not show that any belonged to the navy. There were seventy-four "bateau-men," but these were landsmen hired by Bradstreet, and organized in a corps to navigate the vessels from which they took their name. In 1843, the bow-stem of a large bateau was thrown upon the beach, after a storm which tore up the sand- bank that extends from the east side of the mouth of the river into the lake. The wood was thoroughly water-soaked and partly covered with acjuatic moss, the irons were deeply rusted, and the whole had evi- dently been long imbedded in the sand. Numerous pieces of muskets, bayonets, guns, flints, etc., were also brought to the surface of the sand-bank, or thrown on shore, by the same storm. Mr. Frederick Wright drew in six bayonets with his seine in one night, a short time afterwards. At the mouth of "McMahon's run" the irons and the remnants of a bateau were found by the first settlers of the township. Several years later two six-pound cannon-balls and a number of musket-balls became exposed by the action of the lake at the foot of a clay cliS at the west end of the bottom-lands. This is supposed to have been the place where Brad- street buried his cannon and ammunition. About 1831, a young daughter of Datus Kelley found in the sand of McMahon's beach a silver spoon of heavy make and coarse workmanship, evidently 28 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. dating from the last century. It doubtless belonged to one of Bradstreet's officers, as did also another of the same description, found by Oscar Taylor in 1851. Numerous bayonets and pieces of muskets were also thrown by the surf upon the beach, which were collected by the families of Governor Wood and Colonel Merwin. Of still greater interest is a bayonet which remained until its discovery, some twenty years ago, imbedded in the blue clay of the bank of a gully on the farm of Colonel Merwin, where it had evidently been driven to its base by a soldier, to helj^ himself and his com- rades up the steep ascent. On the upland just above the beach, the early settlers found a stack of bayonets covered with soil and vegetation, just as they had been piled by a squad of tired soldiers 'after they had as- cended the bank. We are able, too, to follow the track of Putnam and his men for a short distance, with reasonable certainty, as they started on their tedious journey through the forest. They appear to have followed a ridge leading from the vicinity of McMahon's beach to the crossing of Rocky river, near the plank-road bridge. On this ridge, near the residence of Frederick Wright, one of the soldiers threw down nearly a peck of gun-flints, which were found there sixteen or eighteen years ago by the gentleman just named. By their being aban- doned so early on the journey, it is probable that it was done by Putnam's order, who foresaw that his men were less likely to run out of flints than they were to fail in strength on the wearisome march. Farther cast, along the ridge, a silver teaspoon, re- sembling those already mentioned, was found at the first plowing of the grovxnd afterwards occupied by the orchard of John Williams. Still farther on, in the garden of the Patchen Inn, Mr. Silverthorn in 1863 found three or four dollars in small silver pieces, of French and English coinage, all of earlier date than 1764. It is difiicult to account for them except on the theory that one of Putnam's officers or men threw ofE some article of clothing there, and in his fatigue and perplexity neglected to remove this money from the pockets. Iq 186.3, Mr. P. A. Delford also discovered, near the plank-road gate, two copper pennies, bearing the date of 1749 and the face of George the Second. In this account we have not only followed the de- scription given by Dr. Potter, (condensing it to some exteat), but have adopted his views in regard to the course of events thus far, except as to the wreck of Major Wilkin's expedition. We have more doubts, however, as to his theory that the contents of a mound in that vicinity were the bones of Bradstreet's soldiers, drowned in the disaster of October, 1764. All the contemporary reports say that no lives were lost, and this corresponds with the usual account of the event, according to which the boats were drawn up along the shore and the men landed, and then the storm destroyed the boats. This would certainly give the men a chance to escape, and there is no reasonable doubt that they did escape. Dr. Potter notices a memorandum that " the losses of officers and men by the wreck was made the subject of legislative action," and thence conclndes that many were drowned; but this statement evidently refers to the "losses" of property by the officers and men. Othei'wise the word "loss" would have been used. The mound in question was located a hundred and fifty feet east of the plank-road bridge across Rocky river, being, when the land was cleared, about a rod square and rising two or three feet above the adjacent ground. The covering was so thin that the bones could easily be reached by a spade, and many bones were scattered about the surface. About 1850 Mr. Worden attempted to plow through it, but found so many bones, and especially skulls, that he desisted. Mr. Eaton, who again plowed into the mound in 1861, brought to Dr. Potter two bushels of bones, in- cluding a dozen craniums, and there was a large amount left; the skeletons being piled in tiers on top of each other, and the bottom of the collection being two or three feet below the surface. Certainly, if so large a number of Bradstreet's soldiers had perished and been buried there, some of the numerous reports regarding that expedition would have said something about them. It is almost needless to add that white people do not bury their dead on the top of the ground, and heap up a thin covering of earth into a mound above them, especially when there was no greater reason for haste than there was then. Dr. Potter states that he explored the grave to the bottom; that the skeletons were all those of adult males; that he found several Indian relics among them; that he and "one of the most perfect craniolo- gists of our country," pronounced the skulls to be those of Anglo-Saxons, except one, which he believed to be that of an Indian — adding, however, that he might be in error, and that "all may be Anglo-Saxon." But if such errors could be made, then all may have been Indian, which they probably were, judging from the character of the mound, the articles found in it, and the fact that there is no evidence that any such number of white people ever died in that vicinity previous to the present century. On the 32nd of October Bradstreet camped at Grand river; so that he probably left Rocky river that morning. He arrived with the main army at Fort Niagara on the 4th of November, and proceeded thence to Oswego and Albany. Nothing is known of Putman and his gallant band after they plunged into the forest at Rocky river save that they, too, in time made their way to Fort Niagara, though after suffer- ing numerous hardships. It was not until the latter part of December that the last of the provincials reached their homes. In May, 1765, the schooner "Victory" was sent to get the cannon left by Bradstreet near " Riviere aux Roches" (Rocky river), but was prevented by bad weather. As the authorities were evidently desirous to obtain them, there is every reason to suppose they ENGLISH DOMINION. 29 did so, though there is no direct evidence to that effect; for certainly there must have been plenty of weather during the season when half a dozen light field-pieces could be loaded on to a schooner. For many years after these events very little oc- curred within the territory of Cuyahoga county re- quiring the notice of history. The Iroquois used it as a hunting-ground, and their war parties occasion- ally made excursions over it, or coasted along its bor- ders, to attack those whom they chose to consider their enemies living farther west, but very rarely, if ever, did the latter venture to return their visits and assail the flei'ce confederates of New York. Detachments of British soldiers also occasionally passed by here on their way to or from the upper posts. The freight of the lake consisted of supplies for the military posts, goods to trade with the Indians and furs received in return. It was carried almost entirely in open boats, or bateaux, similar to those which bore the commands of Rogers and Bradstreet; some of them going on the north side and some on the south side of the lake. Of course the navigation was very dangerous, and many were the hardships at- tending the traffic. The New York Gazette in Feb- ruary, 1770, informed its readers that several boats had been lost in crossing Lake Erie, and that the dis- tress of the crews was so great that they were obliged to keep two human bodies, found on the north shore, so as to kill for food the ravens and eagles which came to feed upon the corpses. Certainly a most startling picture of the terrors attending the early commercial operations on Lake Erie. In 1774 an act of Parliament declared the whole territory northwest of the Ohio to be a part of tlie province of Quebec, though without prejudice to the rights of other colonies. Lord Dunmore, the royal governor of Virginia, however, declared the act to be in derogation of the rights of his province, and pro- ceeded to grant large tracts of land northwest of the Ohio. For other reasons the patriot leaders of the colonics were strongly opposed to a law which traiis- ferred the whole Northwest to a province which had no constitutional government, and was arbitrarily ruled by the crown. . This was the period of "Lord Dunmore's War," in which the Indians occupying the present territory of Ohio, western Pennsylvania and western Virginia, under the lead of the celebrated Logan, were defeated by the Virginians at Point Pleasant, at the mouth of the Kanawha. It does not appear to have changed in any respect the condition of affairs on the shores of Lake Brie. The next year the Revolution broke out, but this locality was too far from the frontier to be the scene of any portion of that conflict. The nearest Ameri- can settlement was at Pittsburg, the village which had grown up around Fort Pitt, distant about a hun- dred and twenty miles in a straight line from the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Many of the western In- dians, however, were persuaded to take arms in favor of the British, mainly by persuasion of the Frencli leaders whom they had long been accustomed to ad- mire, and to follow, and who were employed by the English for that purpose. War parties accordingly frequently passed down the lake; some going on to join the English forces in Canada — others turning off at the Cuyahoga and going up its valley, whence they made their stealthy way to the Ohio and struck bloody blows a^ the settlers around Pittsburg. The inspiration of these expeditions came from the Brit- ish post at Detroit, whence the Indians received arms, ammunition and presents of various kinds, to encour- age them to continue in their bloody work. So numerous did these outrages become that in 1778 an expedition was projected against Detroit, intended to break up the nest where so many murders were hatched. As preliminary to this a force was sent out from Pittsburg against the Sandusky Indians, but it only went as far as the present county of Tuscara- was, where Porb Laurens was built, but abandoned the next year. Tlie expedition against Detroit was given up. Other attacks upon the hostile Indians were made nearly every year. In 1782 occurred the celebrated murder of about a hundred peaceable Moravian Indians in the teri'i- tory of Tuscarawas county, by a force of frontier militia under Colonel Williamson. After this shock- ing event the hostile Indians became more bitter than ever, and many who had previously been neutral now united with the infuriated friends of the murdered Moravians. Meanwhile the English had been taught by a score of defeats that they could not conquer America, and in 1782 commissioners met iu Paris to consider the terms of peace. One of the most important ques- tions was that of the boundary between the British provinces and the United States. Commissioner Os- wald, one of the representatives of Great Britain, proposed the Ohio river as the boundary line; claim- ing the northwestern territory as part of the province of Quebec under the law of 1774. This proposition was also secretly favored by Vergcnnes, the French minister. It was vehemently opposed by the Ameri- can commissioners, headed by John Adams, and the line was finally fixed in the middle of the great lakes and their connecting rivers. The definite treaty of peace, recognizing the independence of the United States, was signed in the fore part of 1783, and all this region ceased by law to be under English do- minion. It will be seen that unquestioned British authority over the territory of Cuyahoga county only lasted from the surrender of Canada in 1760 to the peace of Paris in 1783 — twenty-three years. 30 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER VI. THE PEKIOD PKOM 1783 TO 1794 Dttention of Western Posts by the Briti h— Dissensions Among the States About the Northwest— Origin of Conflicting Claims— The Fii-st English Charter— The Second Charter for Vh-ginia^The Plymouth Charter— Annulment of the Virginia Charter— Grant of Massachu- setts by the Plymouth Company- -Grant of Connecticut to Earl Wai'- wick by the same Company —Its Boundaries— Its Conveyance to Lord Say and Seal, Lord Brooke and others— The New Yorlc Claim— Views of Che States without Claims -New York first cedes her Claim to the United States— Virginia follows— Also Massachusetts- Connecticut cedes her Claun to all but the Western Reserve— The Indian "Right of Occupancy "—The Ii-oquois cede all East of the Cuyahoga— Treaty with the Wyandots, Delawares and others— First Trade from Pitts- burg— Primitive Engineering— Firat House in Cleveland— The Mora- vians in Cuyahoga County— Outline of their Past History — Their Con, version — Their Peaceful Conduct — The Massacre— Wandering of the Survivors — They arrive at the Mouth of the Cuyahoga — Locate in the present Independence— Call their New Home Pilgeri-uh— Their Course dui-ing the Year — Speech of an Apostate— Connecticut attempts to sell the Reserve— Wreck of the "Beaver"— The Crew winter on the Site of Cleveland — The Moravians Leave the County — Their Subse- quent Fortunes— Organization of the Northwestern Territory — Form- ation of Washington County — Another Indian Treaty — An old French Trader— Defeat of Harmar and St. Clair— Conveyance of the " Fire- Lands " — Wayne's Victory and Treaty •- On the conclusion of the treaty of peace the Americans expected, of course, to take immediate possession of the posts previously held by the British, lying south of the boundary line. The English government, however, refused to give them up, giv- ing as an excuse the alleged unfair conduct of some of the States regarding debts owed by their citizens to British subjects. The posts at Fort Niagara, at D(3troit and on the Sandusky .river were thus re- tained. The Indians naturally looked on their pos- sessors its the great men of the lake region, and thus the English maintained a predominant influence over this part of the country many years after any sem- blance of legal title had passed away. Meanwhile, even during the Revolution, dissensions had arisen between the States regarding the owner- ship of the vast country lying between the Alle- ganies, the great lakes and the Mississippi. Several of the States had conflicting claims, based on royal charters or other grounds, while those who had no such claims insisted that that unoccupied territory ought to belong to all the States in common, since it had been rescued from the power of Great Britain by their united efforts. We will endeavor to give a brief sketch of the principal j)reteusions put forth by the States, so far as they relate to this locality. An elabo- rate account of them all, with all their ramifications, would require a volume. In 1606, K.ng James the First granted a charter to certain noblemen, gentlemen and merchants of England, conveying to them all the eastern sea-coast of North America, between the thirty-fourth and forty-fifth degrees of north latitude; that portion between the thirty-fourth and thirty-eighth degrees being granted to a company resident in London and vicinity, and that between the forty-first and forty-fifth degrees to a company resident in the west of England, while both had the privilege of establishing colonies between the thirty-eighth and forty-first de- grees, and of __ occupying the land for fifty miles each way along the coast from the point of settle- ment, and fifty miles back. The western company failed to establish a colony in the territory granted to it. The London company, with great difficulty, succeeded in planting one in Virginia. So, in 1609, King James gave a new charter to the Loudon company, under the title of "The Treasurer and Company of Adventurers and Planters of the City of London for the first colony of Virginia." In this charter his majesty granted to the company all Virginia, from Old Point Comfort, at the outlet of Chesapeake bay, two hundred miles northward and the same distance southward along the coast, "and all up into the mainland throughout, from sea to sea, west and northwest." It was on this charter, and this alone, that Virginia afterwards claimed the great northwestern territory, giving the terms "west and northwest" the widest range of whicJi they were capable. In 1620, King James gave a charter to the "Second Colony of Virginia," commonly called the Plymouth Company, comprising all the territory between the fortieth and forty-eighth degrees of north latitude, under the title of New England, granting it to them " in length of and within all the breadth aforesaid, throughout all the mainlands, from sea to sea, together with all the firm lands, etc., upon the main, and within the said islands and seas adjoining," pro- vided it was not actually possessed by any Christian prince or State. In 1634 the charter of the London or First Virginia company, covering Virginia proper, was set aside and declared void by the English courts, under a writ of quo ivarranto, on account of the misconduct or neg- lect of the proprietors. The next year King Charles the First declared that the territory previously cov- ered by the forfeited charter should thenceforth be dependent on him, and it was treated and considered as a royal government; the right of granting vacant lands being vested in the crown. Maryland, Dela- ware, North Carolina, South Carolina and parts of Pennsylvania and Georgia were afterwards formed out of the territory covered by the forfeited charter, without any protest on the part of the people or gov- ernment of Virginia. In 1628 the council of Plymouth, in whom, as before stated, had been vested the title of New Eng- land, granted to Governor Endicott and others all the lands from three miles north of the Merrimac river to three miles south of Massachusetts Bay, extending west "from sea to sea," except lands occupied by any foreign prince or State. This became the province of Massachusetts bay, which claimed a territory about seventy miles wide and four thousand miles long, running from the Atlantic to the Pacific. As^ how- ever, the strip in question would all go north of Cuyahoga county, we need giye no farther attention to it. In 1630 the council of Plymouth also conveyed to its president, Robert, Earl of Warwick, the territory em- THE PEMOD FROM 1783 TO .1794. 31 braced inthe following description : "All that part of New England in America which lies and extends itself from a river there called NaiTagansett river, the space of forty leagues upon a straight line near the sea shore, towards southwest, west and by south, or west, as the coast lieth, towai'ds Virginia, accounting three English miles to the league; all and singular, the lands and hereditaments whatsoever, lying and being within the bounds aforesaid, north and south, in latitude and breadth, and in length and longitude, and within all the breadth aforesaid, throughout all the main lands there, from the Western ocean to the South Seas." In 1631, the territory thus diabolically described was conveyed by the Earl of Warwick to Lord Brooke and Lord Say and Seal, and their associates, who be- came the founders of Connecticut. It was on the ground of the above grant that Connecticut after- wards claimed the northern part of Ohio, and really, considering the extraordinarily puzzling nature of the description just given, we see no reason why that State should not have claimed all North America by the same title. The northern limit of Connecticut was, however, fixed by the English authorities at forty-two degrees and two minutes, and the southei-n one at forty-one degrees north latitude, and we believe the officials of the colony and' State translated the unintelligible lingo of Earl Warwick's deed to mean that those noi'thern and southern limits should be extended westward to the Pacific ocean. The deed to Earl Warwick and the subsequent charter confirming Connecticut in its political powers were never annulled nor forfeited, and were the foun- dation of Connecticut's claim, not only to northern Ohio, but to the celebrated Wyoming valley in Penn- sylvania, where many bitter and even bloody contests took place before the Revolution, between the factions of the two States just named. Moreover, New York had a claim to northwestern Ohio nearly as good as that of Connecticut, and much better than that of Virginia. The nations of Indians who resided on the frontiers of its settlement, were always considered as particularly pertaining to her jurisdiction, and her colonial assembly had frequently been at considerable expense in keeping a commis- sioner among them and conciliating their good will. The State, therefore, claimed a pre-emptive title to their lands, and insisted that those lands reverted to her after they were forfeited by the hostility of the Irequois during the Revolution. But it was generally admitted that the Iroquois lands extended to the Cuyahoga river; consequently New York asserted her title thus far west, as the successor of those tribes. The claims of Massachusetts, Connecticut and Vir- ginia were all interfered with by the actual possession established by the French and Dutch, but when the colonics founded by these nations were conquered by the English, Massachusetts, Connecticut and Virginia insisted that the crown should make good its original grants. But the king's ministers took no such view of the matter; they did not, when New York was acquired, extend the dominion of Massachusetts nor Connecticut over it, and when the Ohio country was acquired it was, as we have seen, made a part of the province of Quebec. Thus it was near the close of the Revolution nu- merous conflicting claims wei-e put forth to the fair land between Lake Erie and the Ohio river, which it was easy to see would be the home of a thriving population. But all the other States than those named above were strongly opposed to the recogni- tion of tliose claims. They argued, and with justice, that not only had some of those pretensions, particu- lai'ly those of Virginia, been long since annulled by due course of law, but that, no matter what might be the technical title derived from some old yellow parchment, the valley of the Ohio and of the lakes had actually been conquered both from France and from Great Britain by tiie blood and treasure of all the colonies, and that all were equally entitled to share in the results. Maryland had been especially active in opposing the pretensions of Virginia On this subject, and had 'been with difficulty persuaded to enter the old Confederation (in 1777) by the pledge that she should be justly treated regarding the public lands. It was evident to every one that the only way to settle these disputes without violence was to cede the land west of the Alleganics, or the greater part of it, to the Confederation, and the patriotism of the diiy was equal to the occasion. Now York led the way, in the forepart of 1780, by ceding to the general gov- ernment all her claims to the territory west of a line drawn north and south through the westernmost part of Lake Ontario. In December of the same year, Virginia followed with a cession of all her right to both the soil and the jurisdiction of the whole tract northwest of the Ohio river. These cessions were contirmcd after the treaty of peace, and accepted by the Congress of the Confederation. Massacluisetts abandoned her claim to the country west of the west boundary of New York, as defined just above, and compromised with that State in regard to a hirge tract east of that line. Coriuecticut, however, being a very small State, was naturally more tenacious than tlie others regarding her laud. Besides, she had been engaged in a long, bitter controversy with Pennsylvania regarding the colony She had planted in the Wyoming valley, a con- troversy in which much blood had been shed, and in which the passions of tlie people of Coimecticut liad been warmly aroused in favor of their title to the land lying west of them, from " sea to sea." NevertJieloss, after much negotiating, in the year 1780 she ceded to the United States her claims to all the laud west of a line a hundred and twenty miles west from tlie west boundary of Pennsylvania. The tract between that boundary and the line first mentioned she retained for herself, and the other States seem to have acceded to her position. The tract thus excepted from the 33 GENEEAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY. general cession was tliencefortli known as the Connec- ticut Western Reserved Lands, or, more briefly, as the Western Reserve. Meanwhile measures had been speedily taken to obtain a cession of tlie "right of occupancy" of the In- dians. It should be understood that in all the dealings of Europeans with the Indians it was taken for granted that the absolute title to bhe land — what in law is called the fee simple — was vested in whatever European gov- ernment could establish its power over it, by discovery, by building forts on it, or by conquest. But, as a gen- eral rule, tribes of Indians with whom the European nation might be at peace were considered as having a certain inferior title, called the right of occupancy. So long as they refused to sell the land and remained at peace, it was considered illegal to remove them by force, but they were not permitted to sell to any one except the government or colony holding the title, unless the purchaser had obtained a grant fi"om that government or colony. The same system prevails to the present day; the United States claiming the title to all the unoccupied lands within its boundaries, but not attempting to settle any given tract until it has first purchased the Indian "right of occupancy" — at the same time forbidding ony one else to purchase the Indian title. In colonial times, and perhaps at a later day, it would appear as if speculators and frontiersmen had sometimes got up wars for the express purpose of driving the Indians from their lands. But the great confederacy of tiie warlike Iroquois was too powerful, and too good a guard of the colony of New York against the hostile French, to be treated in this manner, and down to the time of the Revolution they had hunted over their broad domain with rarely any mo- lestation. In that contest, however, they had, in spite of many pledges to the contrary, waged deadly and unsparing war against the colonists, and at the treaty of peace had been abandoned by the British withoui a single stipulation in their favor. The United States did not directly confiscate any portion of the laud tlie Iroquois had claimed, but they brought such a pres- sure to bear that the latter very well understood that some of it must be given up. Accordingly, at a council held at Fort Stanwix, in 1784, between commissioners of the United States and the chiefs of the Six Nations, the latter ceded to the former, besides a small tract in New York, all their laud west of the west bounds of Pennsylvania and of the Ohio river. But Indian titles are usually very indefinite, and notwithstanding the long established pretensions of the Iroquois it was thought best to obtain a distinct renunciation of the claims of the western Indians to the same tract. In January, 1785, a treaty was made at Fort Mcintosh, by George Rogers Clark, Richard Butler and Arthur Lee, with those who called them- selves the chiefs of the Wyandofs, Delmvares, Ghiji- pewas and Ottaivas, by which tiiose tribes were placed under the protection of the United States and a definite boundary of their territory was established. The boundary between the United States on the one hand and the Wyandots and Delawares on the other, was to begin at the mouth of the Cuyahoga river, go up that stream to the portage and across to the Tus- carawas; thence down to the forks of the Muskingum; thence west to the portage of the Big Miami; thence to the Miami of the Lakesor Omee (Maumee) ; thence down that stream to its mouth. The United States allotted the lands thus bounded to the Wyandots and Delawares and to such of the Ottawas as then dwelt there, to live and hunt on. It was provided that no citizen of the United States should settle on those lands, and if any did so that the Indians might punish them as they pleased. The claims of these tribes to all the lands east, south and west of those above described were formally relin- quished. It was further provided that if any Indian should murder a citizen, his tribe should deliver him to the nearest military post. Three military reserva- tions were excepted from the Indian territory by the United States, but none of them were within the pre- sent county of Cuyahoga. The territory of Cuyahoga county was thus, for the time being, divided by the Cuyahoga river into two sections; the western section being devoted to Indian occupancy, while the eastern part was intended for the home of Caucasian civilization. It was not, however, occupied for some time afterwards, on account of its distance from the settlements already established. Down to this time there had been only a slight trade in Indian goods and furs, back and forth between Pittsburg and the mouth of the Cuyahoga. In the spring of 1786, we find the first account of any con- siderable commercial operation between those two points. The firm of Duncan & Wilson, of Pittsburg, had made a contract with Caldwell & Elliott, of De- troit, to deliver to their agent at the mouth of the Cuyahoga a large quantity of flour and bacon. In May they began to forward it from Pittsburg, employ- ing for that purpose about ninety pack-horses and thirty men. Mr. James Hillman, (afterwards known as Col. Hillman, of Youngstown,) was one of the men employed, and has given an interesting account of the transaction in a letter published in Col. Whittle- sey's Early History of Cleveland. The long train of burdened animals followed the great Indian trail, leading from Pittsburg to the Sandusky, as far as " Standing Stone," on the Cuya- hoga, near the present village of Franklin, passing thence along a smaller trail to the mouth of Tinker's creek, in the present town of Independence in this county. There the train forded the Cuyahoga and proceeded down the west side, passing a small log house, which a trader named Maginnis had lately left. At the mouth of the Cuyahoga the men found an Englishman named Hawder, sent thither by Caldwell and Elliott to receive the freight, Avho had put up a tent in which he resided. No one else was at the mouth of the river. THE PERIOD FROM 1783 TO 1794. 33 As the freight was delivered, it was forwarded by the sail-boat " Mackinaw" to Detroit. The mouth of the Cuyahoga was then where it is remembered to have been by old residents before the opening of the present channel; the water running through what is now called the "old bed." There was, however, a pond, called by the packmen "Sunfish pond," lying still further west, and having been, apparently, a still older bed of the river. As the work of transportation was expected to last all summer, the men desired to establish themselves on the east side of the river, partly, perhaps, to get off from Indian ground, but principally on account of a fine spring of water which bubbled forth near the present foot of Superior street. But it was diffi- cult to cross the river, and to sail up it in the "Mack- inaw" was impracticable, because the mouth was closed by a sand-bar. It was opened by a very sim- ple piece of engineering. The men made some wood- en shovels, waded out upon the sand-bar, and dug a ditch through which the water ran with sufficient force to clear a channel navigable for the "Macki- naw." Having sailed up to the desired locality, they made collars for their horses out of blanketSj and tugs out of the raw elk-hide tent-ropes, drew together some small logs, and built a cabin near the spring before mentioned. This is the first house that is known with certainty to have been erected on the site of the city of Cleveland, though it is quite probable that there had previously been a temporary trading-post on one side or the other of the Cuyahoga at its mouth. The traffic described by Mr. Hillman continued throughout the season; six round trips being made by the trains. We infer from the language of a letter from Mr. Hillman, published in the Early History of Cleveland, that some other goods besides flour and bacon wei*e taken to the mouth of the Cuyahoga, and that some furs were transported back to Pitts- burg. Some of the upward-bound freight was taken to Detroit by water and some by land. Meanwhile, and almost simultaneously with the be- ginning of this traffic, the first settlement was made in Cuyahoga county by people who designed to de- vote themselves to the arts of peace and civilization, though most of them were not of the proud Caucas- ian race. It was about the 7th of June, 1786, that a weary band of travel-worn men and women ci'ossed the western border of Cuyahoga county, and made their way along the lake shore toward the mouth of the Cuyahoga river. They arrived there on the 8th, and almost at the same time a flotilla of canoes came down the lake, with the old men and women and some of the children belonging to the households, whose more vigorous members had marched on shore. The schooner " Mackinaw" had just previously brought their heavy luggage and the most infirm of their members. All, save two leaders, were of unmixed Indian blood, yet they bore upon their tawny features an expression rarely seen among those fierce, relentless denizens of the forest — an expression of mildness, of patience, of resignation, lightened up only by occasional gleams of religious enthusiasm. Their principal leaders were two sturdy, broad-shouldered men, with the unmistakable round, German physiog- nomy, but whose fair Teutonic complexion had been bronzed by long exposure almost to the aboriginal hue. These were John Heckewelder and David Zcis- berger, and their followers were the remnant of that celebrated band of Moravian Indians, whose cruel fate forms at once one of the saddest and one of the darkest pages of American history. Converted to Christianity by the efforts of the Mo- ravian missionaries, they had established themselves in the fertile valley of the Muskingum before the Revolution, where, unmoved by the sneers of their bi'ethren of the woods, they sought to live by agri- culture and the chase, eschewing war, performing the duties of their religion, and manifesting every evi- dence of a sincere abhorrence both for the theoretical errors and practical crimes of paganism. During the Revolution they were objects of distrust to both par- ties, though, so far as can be ascertained, without cause on the part of either. As the war went on, nu- merous outrages were committed on the frontier of Pennsylvania by Indians, especially by Delawares, to which tribe a large part of the Moravian Indians had belonged. The fierce Scotch-Irish frontiersmen were furious for revenge, and they cared little on whom it fell. It was easy to concoct stories that the Moravian Indians harbored and aided the marauders, though all the circumstances showed that such was not the case. At the same time the pagan Indians and the British officers insisted that the Moravians should move back farther into the wilderness, where they could not be of any assistance to the Americans. This they in fact did in 1783, but a portion of them returned to the Muskingum to take care of their crops. In the sum- mer of that year a battalion of militia, under Col. Williamson, marched swiftly to the Moraivian towns, disarmed the hunters, got all of the pcojile into their power under false pretenses, and then in cold blood murdered the whole number — over a hundred men, women and chddren. No more infamous ati'ocity was ever perpetrated by the worst of those who are com- monly called savages. Yet those who had not returned to the Muskingum, together with some who were at another village and thus escaped the massacre, nearly all still adhered to their religion. A few, only, joined the hostile Indians and chunored fiercely for revenge — as might well be expected. But the main body gathered sadly together on the Sandusky, under the leadership of their de- voted missionaries, Heckewelder and Zeisberger, and again devoted themselves to the arts of peace and the duties of religion. But here they were constantly persecuted by their kinsmen, the Delawares, and other savage Indians, and were taken under the pro- 34 GENERAL HLSTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. tcction of the British commander at Detroit. They established tliemselves near that post, where tliey re- mained until the spring of 1786. They then deter- mined to locate themselves on the Cuyahoga, appar- ently hoping to be allowed to establish themselves at their old home on the Muskingum, for which they always manifested a strong attraction. The schooners "Beaver" and "Mackinaw," belonging to the North- west Fur Company, were employed to bring them, but occupied so much time on account of adverse winds that the "Beaver" was ordered back from Sandusky. The "Mackinaw," as has been stated, brought the lug- gage and the infirm, wliile the rest came on foot or in canoes, under the leadership of Heckewelder and Zeisberger. They pitched their camp on the site of Cleveland. One of their number proceeded to Pittsburg to ob- tain provisions, and Zeisberger set forth to explore the river and find a suitable location. On the second day he came to a lofty plateau on the west side of the river, a little below the mouth of what is now called u'inker's creek, where had once stood the Ollawa vil- lage of which mention has previously been made. There being already some partially cleared ground here, and the locality being high and healthy, the missionary selected it as the projjer place for his peo- ple. The latter immediately removed their camp thither, and began to erect huts and plant corn, ex- pecting to go to the Muskingum after harvest. They named their temporary abiding place Pilgerruh. By the end of June they were, as they considered, quite comfortably housed. Congress had voted them five hundred bushels of corn, but it was to be deliv- ered at Port Mcintosh in the vicinity of the Mus- kingum valley, and thither they never went. They were almost destitute of provisions, but they devoted themselves assiduously to the chase, and with good success — numerous elks being especially named as among the victims of their skill. The man sent to Pittsburg also returned with an order from Duncan & Wilson, directing the agent in charge of their pack- train to sell Zeisberger, on credit, all the flour the Indians needed. A large quantity of goods also arrived, which had been devoted to their use by the Moravian churches at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, three years before, but had failed to reach them on account of their distant wanderings. Thus their immediate wants were relieved, and on the 13th of August they celebrated the Lord's Supper. But their friends at Pittsburg assured them that they could not return to their lands on the Muskingum without great pro- bability of another bloody outbreak on the part of the frontiersmen. So they concluded to remain, at least through the winter, on the Cuyahoga. The good missionaries were sadly troubled about those Indians who had formerly belonged to their congregation, but who had apostatized to paganism. In September Zeisberger sent to the apostates some of his most trusty converts, bearing a very pathetic "speech," beseeching them to return; but all in vain. Samuel Nanticoke, one of Zuisberger's delegates, met his brother, who had apostatized, and added his own entreaties to those of the missionary, but the son of the forest fiercely rejected his pleadings, saying: "By the waters of the Tuscarawas the whites gained the end for which they strove so long. There lie all our murdered friends. I avoid the whites and flee from them. No man shall induce me to trust them again. Never, while I live, will I unite with you Christians. If your town were near, I might perhaps visit you, but that would be all. Our fore- fathers went to the devil, as you say, and where they are I am content hereafter to be." In October the houses of the Moravians, rude but comfortable, were completed, and promised sufficient shelter through the coming winter. Heckewelder thereupon left the mission, with which he had so long been connected, for the East; leaving Zeisberger in charge, assisted by a lately arrived brother named William Edwards. Heckewelder con- tinued to labor as a minister until his death, many years afterward, and was the author of a valuable work on the Indians, from which most of these facts, relating to the transient Moravian colony in Cuya- hoga county, have been derived. Zeisberger was fearful lest the Indians under his charge should become a burden on the Moravian mission board, and, having labored beyond his strength to prevent it, fell seriously ill. The mission board heard of this with deep regret, and united in a remonstrance, urging him to draw on them for what he might needs After their cabins were com- pleted, the Indians labored zealously to build a chapel, in which divine service might be held. It was soon finished, and was consecrated on the 10th of November. As stated a short distance back, it was in this year (1780) that Connecticut ceded to the Confederation all the western lands which she claimed, except what now constitutes the "Western Reserve." This ces- sion was made on the 14th day of September. About the same time the legislature of that State authorized three of its citizens to sell all that part of the Re- serve lying east of the Cuyahoga river and the port- age path; that is, all to which the Indian title had been extinguished. It was to be sold m townships of six miles square, at not less than three New England shillings (fifty cents) per acre. Pive hundred acres were to be reserved in each township for the support of ministers, and five hundred for the support of schools. The first minister in each township was also to receive two hundred and forty acres besides. Until a republican government should be established there, the law declared that the general assembly of Connecticut should provide, for the maintenance of order among the settlers. It was evident that that State still claimed not only the title to the land of the Western Reserve, but the political jurisdiction over its inhabitants. But the land was so far from the older settlement that no sales of any extent could THE PERIOD FROM 1783 TO 1794. 35 be made, the surveys were not executed, and the whole scheme fell to the ground. Late in the autumn of 1786, the two schooners of the Northwestern Fur Company, the "Beaver "and the "Mackinaw," were coming up the lake, on their way to Detroit. It was snowing fast when they arrived, late in the afternoon, in the vicinity of the Cuyahoga, and they both tried to run into that river for shelter. Both failed. The "Beaver," com- manded by Captain Thorn, was driven ashore near the present foot of Willson avenue, in the city of Cleveland; but, so far as we can judgefrom the vague accounts which have come down to us, without loss of life. The captain and crew of the " Mackinaw " were not aware of the wreck of the " Beaver," and after they had ridden out the storm sailed away to Detroit. This was the last trip of the season, and the lake would soon be frozen up; so Captain Thorn and his men did not think it advisable to attempt escaping until spring. They accordingly built a cabin on the bank of the lake, opposite the wreck, and prepared to winter there. There were three small brass field-pieces on the schooner, as seems to have been the custom on the Fur Company's vessels, which'frequently had to visit regions which might be infested with hostile Indians. These were taken ashore, greased, plugged uj), wrapped in pieces of sail, and buried on the shore between the wreck and the cabin. From Captain Thorn's subsequent statements it ap- pears there was then an Indian-trader by the name of Williams at the mouth of Rocky river, from whom he bought provisions when the stock taken from the ves- sel ran low. Mr. Williams is mentioned in no other account, and it is not known how long he had been at the point mentioned. From the fact that he is not spoken of by Mr. Hillman, who came to the mouth of tlie Cuyahoga six times during the summer of 1780, and would undoubtedly have heard of him if he had then been at Rocky river, it may be presumed that Mr. Williams did not locate there until the fall of that year — but this is quite uncertain. Captain Thorn also bought some provisions of the Moravians. He and his crew remained through the winter, but left with the opening spring. He con- tinued to sail the lakes or to live near them all his life. He was a Canadian, but took the side of the United States during the war of 1812. He afterwards resided on the St. Clair river, in Michigan, until his death, which occurred about twenty years ago; he being then nearly a hundred years old. He was well known to many of the early settlers of Cleveland, especially to Captain Allen Gaylord, from whose man- uscript statement, preserved in the archives of the Historical Society, the above facts are mostly ob- tained. Meanwhile Zeisberger and his followers were in great perplexity as to what they should do next. Pilgerruh was not considered a desirable residence. They would all have been glad to return to the Mus- kingum, but feared attacks both from frontiersmen and hostile Indians. Their kindred Delawares of- fered them an abiding place at Sandusky. At length they determined to go to the mouth of Black river. They celebrated Lent and Easter at Pilgerruh, and then prepared for their journey. On the 19th of April the persecuted little band as- sembled for the last time at their chapel, and Joined in prayer to God with hearts apparently still devoted to their religion, notwithstanding all they had suf- fered from those who called themselves the champions of that faith. Their simple service being concluded, they immediately set forth. One party went by land under Zeisberger, while the rest entered their canoes and followed the lead of Edwards down the river. Ere they could reach the lake a great storm checked their progress; so they remained to fish. The chron- icler of their movements narrates that in one night's work with torch and spear they obtained three hun- dred fish of good quality, weighing from three to fif- teen pounds each. What they did not want to eat they dried for future use, They then proceeded to their destination, where both jjurties arrived on the 24th and 25th of April, having dwelt in the territory of Cuyahoga county about ton months and a half. Their fortunes, after leaving our county,4were al- most as sad as before. Scarcely had they reached Black river when they were driven on to Sandusky by the hostile Delatvares. They remained there till 1790, when, being again ordered by their jealous kinsmen to remove into the western wilderness, they besought the aid of the British commander, who took them to the banks of the Thames river, in Canada. In 1797 the lands they had occupied on the Mus- kingum were conveyed to them by the United States, and a part of them returned thither. These, too, subsequently sold their lands and improvements to the United States and returned to Canada, where their descendants still reside. In July, 1787, the Congress of the Confederation passed an ordinance organizing the vast district be- tween the Ohio, the great lakes and the Mississippi, under the name of the "Northwestern Territory," and providing for civil government over it. They also elected General Arthur St. Clair as governor, together with a secretary and three judges. The ordinance was drawn by Nathan Dane, of Massachusetts, and pro- vided that from all the territory thus organized slavery should be forever excluded. Connecticut protested against the inclusion of the Western Reserve in the now Territory, but without effect. It was not till the next spring (1788) that the first white settlement was planted in the present State of Ohio; the location being at Marietta, at the mouth of the Muskingum. When Governor St. Clair and the judges (in whom the temporary legislative power was vested) arrived in the new Territory, they proceeded on the 27th of July, 1788, to form the county of Wash- ington, of which Marietta was made the county seat, and which extended from the Ohio to Lake Erie, with the Cuyahoga river and the portage path as its west- 30 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. eni boundary; thus embracing the eastern part of the present county of Cuyahoga. The section thus in- cluded was a liundred and fifty miles distant from the county seat, at Marietta, but as no one resided liere that was of little consequence. In 1789 the first congress under the Federal Con- stitution re-enacted the ordinance of 1787; "thus giv- ing the Northwestern Territory a permanent position in the new political arrangement. The same year another treaty was made at Fort Ilarmar, by which the Indians again ceded to the United States the country west of the Cuyahoga and the portage path. About this period, or a little later, one Joseph Du Chatar had a trading post on the west side of the Cuyahoga, some nine miles above the mouth. Jean Baptiste Fleming and Joseph Burall were with him a part of the time. Du Chatar, then in middle age, had been from his youth in the employ of the North- western company, and afterwards described the mouth of the Cuyahoga as having been one of their princi- pal points for the sale of goods and purchase of furs. At the time mentioned, however, he was trading for himself. Large profits were usually made by the early fur- traders, but there were some serious drawbacks. At one time Du Chatar and his companions had a sharp confiict with some Indians over the ownership of a rifle. At another time a number of them demanded liquor, which Du Chatar refused to let them have, either because they could not pay for it or because he thought them already too well supplied. They at- tacked his cabin, which he and his men defended with their rifles. Some of the Indians were killed and the rest retreated. It would seem to have been very dan- gerous to remain in the country after that, but the French had ways of conciliating the savages which hardly any one else could imitate. In 1790, the western Indians engaged in open hos- tilities against the frontier, and General Harmar marched against them, only to be defeated. This was followed the next year by the defeat of Governor St. Clair, at the head of another army. The Indians became extremely elated, and it began to look as if the course of western emigration was to be perma- nently checked. Of course, under these circumstances, there was no sale for frontier land, and the Western Reserve remained on the hands of the State of Con- necticut. In 1792, that State gave five hundred thousand acres off from the west end of the Reserve, for the benefit of those of her citizens who had suft'ered from the burning of their property by the British during the Revolution. This tract was commonly called the "Fire Lands," and has been considered as a distinct section under that nvime ever since, although a part of the original Western Reserve. Meanwhile, the administration of President Wash- ington was making constant efl'orts to conciliate the Indians, and secure a permanent jjcace. In 1793, General Benjamin Lincoln, Hon. Beverly Eandolph, and Colonel Timothy Pickering, postmaster-general of the United States, commissioners appointed by the President, passed up the south shore of Lake Erie, on their way to Detroit, still held by the British, to endeavor to make a treaty with the hostile Indians. This effort, like all the others, was in vain. But in 1791, Mad Anthony AVayne went ont to the West, at the head of a well appointed army, and inflicted a terrible defeat on the horde of warriors who ventured to confront him. Another treaty was made, which, being authorized and sanctioned by victory, was well observed by the red men. So far as this part of the Territory was concerned, Wayne's treaty merely confirmed the line in-eviously drawn along the center of the Cuyahoga. All the eleven tribes who joined in the treaty agreed to acknowledge the United States aa their sole superior, and never to sell any of their land to any one else. CHAPTER VIL SALE AMD SURVEY. Connecticut sells Three Million Acres in a Body— Names of the Pur- chasers-Formation of the Connecticut Land Company— A Deed of Trust— The Excess Company— First Directors of the Connecticut Com- pany- The plan of Survey and Division decided on— The first Survey Party— Its Leaders and Surveyors— British Annoyance— A Council at Buffalo- Arrival at Conneaut— Trouble among the Employees— How it was Settled- Beginning of the Surveys— Gen. Cleavelaud comes to the Cuyahoga— The First White Family— Tracing the Coast Line- Laying off Townships- Chagrin River mistaken for the Cuyahoga— Organization of Wayne County— Directors Impatient— Laying out of Cleveland— A Bear in the River— The Party start east but return- Formal Agreement to let the Surveyors have Euclid— Rough Weather —The Return— Persons left at Cleveland- Gen. Cleaveland's subse- quent Career— Porter's Later Life— Annual Meeting of the Land Com- pany—Failure of the Excess Company— Alexander Henry's Claim— The Survey Party of 1797— Its Officers, etc— It goes to the Reserve— The Fiist Funeral— Rations tor the Survey ors- Kingsbury, Carter and Hawley— The First Marriage— D. & G. Bryant and R. Edwards— ITorm- ation of Jefferson County — Atwater's Adventure— Tinker's Creek— Sickuesss— Heallh on the Ridge. Wayne's victory and treaty caused many eyes to turn toward the Western Reserve, as a more secure and desirable place of residence than it had previously been considered. At the session of 1795, the legisla- ture of Connecticut abandoned the idea of dividing up the Reserve in small tracts and selling it out, and adopted a new system. A commission of eight citi- zens was appointed, one from each county, who were authorized to sell three million acres adjoining Penn- sylvania for not less than one-third of a dollar per acre; the whole to be sold before any part of it was conveyed. The purchasers were to take all risks, and were to receive their deeds by shares, not by acres; being then obliged to divide the land among them- selves as best they could. The scheme seems to have been quite popular, and the commission succeeded in selling the whole tract by the first of September, 1795, at forty cents per acre making the total amount one million two hun- dred thousand dollars. The purchasers were Joseph SALE AND SURVEY. 37 Howland, Daniel L. Coit, Elias Morgan, Caleb At- water, Daniel Holbrook, Joseph Williams, William Love, William Jiidd, Elisha Hyde, Uriah Tracey, James Johnson, Samuel Mather, Jr., Ephraira Kirby, Elijah Boardman, Uriel Holmes, Jr., Solomon Gris- wold, Oliver Phelps, Gideon Granger, Jr., William Hart, Henry Cliampion, 3nd, Asher Miller, Robert 0. Johnson, Ephraim Root, Nehemiah Ilnbbard, Jr., Solomon Cowles, Asahel Hathaway, John Caldwell, Pcleg Sanford, Timothy Burr, Luther Loomis, Bben- ezor King, Jr., William Lyman, John Stoddard, David King, Moses Cleaveland, Samuel P. Lord, Roger Newberry, Enoch Perkins, Jonathan Brace, Ephraim Starr, Sylvanus Griswold, Joseb Stocking, Joshua Stow, Titus Street, James Bull, Aaron Olm- sted, John Wyles, Pierpoint Edwards. The subscriptions were of all sizes, from one of one thousand six hundred and eighty-three dollars, made by Sylvanus Griswold, up to that of Oliver Phelps, who subscribed one hundred and sixty-eight thousand one hundred and eighty-five dollars alone, and eighty thousand dollars in company with Gideon Granger, Jr., but were generally in sums of from ten thou- sand to thirty thousand dollars. Henry Champion, 3nd, was the second largest subscriber, with eighty- five thousand six hundred and seventy-five dollars. The committee, in behalf of the State, at once deeded to the subscribers as many "twelve hundred thousandths " of the whole tract, as they had sub- scribed dollars respectively to the purchasing fund of twelve hundred thousand dollars. The deeds were recorded in the office of the secretary of state of Connecticut, and subsequently in the recorder's -office of Trumbull county, Ohio. They were of the char- acter commonly called "quit-claim" deeds; the State warranting nothing, but conveying all its rights, more or less, to the purchasers. There had, at this time, been no definite surrender of the State's political jurisdiction over the Reserve to the general govern- ment, (although that government had assumed juris- diction by including the Reserve in the Northwestern Territory), and many of the buyers supposed they could establish a State of their own, and make such laws as they pleased for it. On the 5th of Septembei-, the purchasers proceeded to organize themselves into an association called the "Connecticut Land Company," but did not obtain an 'act of incorporation from the State. In law they were only a simple partnership. All the members of this association joined in a deed of trust to Jonathan Brace, John Caldwell and John Morgan, authorizing them to give deeds of various tracts to the owners, according to the division to be made by the officials of the company. It will be understood that a large part of the three million acres purchased was known to be on the west side of the Cuyahoga, and it was, therefore, known that it could not be divided until the Indian right of occupancy was extinguished by purchase. It was supposed, however, that there was considerably more than three million acres in the Re- serve, exclusive of the "Eire Lands," and several gentlemen proposed to take the balance from the State. They were commonly called 'the "Excess Company," and until the land was surveyed it was supposed they would secure a large tract. By the articles of association, the management of the company's concerns was intrusted to seven direc- tors, who were instructed to proceed as rapidly as ])ossible to sell that portion of the tract east of -the Cuyahoga. For the purpose of electing officers and making assessments, the whole was divided into four hundred shares of three thousand dollars each; dis- tributed among the various projjriotors in proportion to the amounts they had subsci'ibed. The first hoard of directors consisted of Oliver Phelps, Henry Champion, 3d., Moses Cleaveland, Samuel W. John- son, Ephraim Kirby, Samuel Matlier, Jr., and Roger Newberry. The articles of association also provided that the tract should be surveyed into townships five miles square; that part east of the Cuyahoga as soon us possible, and the rest when the Indians were bought out. Six townships of the former portion were to be sold to pay the general ex])enses. Four more were to be divided into a hundred lots each, making four hundred lots of a hundred and sixty acres each, which were to bo conveyed to the owners of the four hundred s'hares respectively. The remainder of the tract east of the Cuyahoga was to be divided into portions, of which the best township was to form the basis; other townships to bo brought up to the standard by dividing some of them into fractions, and adding them to tlie rest. The part west of the river was subsequently to be divided in the same way. Tiie board of directors selected Gen. Moses Cleaveland, a lawyer of Canterbury, Windham county, then about forty years old, to act as the general agent of the comjiaiiy and manage the surveys east of the Cuya- hoga, which it was expected would all be completed the next year. During the winter of 1795-6 further preparations were made, and in the spring of the latter year a large surveying party was organized. General Cleaveland was superintendent; Augustus Porter, who was a na- tive of Connecticut but had been engaged for many years on important surveys in western New York, was , the j)rincipal surveyor and deputy superintendent; Seth Pease was astronomer and surveyor; AmosSpaf- ford, John M. Holley, Ricluird M. Stoddard and Moses Warren were the surveyors; Joshua Stow was the commissary, and Dr. Theodore Shepard was the physician of the party. There were also thirty-six other employees, including chainmen, axenieji, cooks, etc. The expedition set forth in May. General Cleave- land and most of the members came by way of Alba- ny, Syracuse, Canandaigua,- etc., to Buffalo. Mr. Stow, with several men, took the provisions, instru- ments and other freight in four large boats by way of the Oswego river, Lake Ontario and the Niagara 38 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. river. Oswego, like the other frontier posts, was still in the hands of the British, and their ofiScers seemed anxious to annoy the Americans in every possible way. Mr. Stow applied to the commandant at Oswego for permission to pass with his boats, but was peremptorily refused. In vain he represented that without the instruments and provisions' which he had with him tlie survey party could not begin work, and'that the greatest inconvenience would be sure to result; the officer was inexorable. Finally, Mr. Htow apparently gave up the contest, and retired up the river with his boats. The first dark night, however, the flotilla sped quietly down the stream, glided undiscovered past the sleepy sen- tinels, and escaped into Lake Ontario. The deten- tion, howevei', caused the boats to be caught in a severe storm on the lake, in which one of them was stove u^j and another of thcQi seriously injured. What made the affair more provoking was that both Fort Ontario, at Oswego, and Fort Niagara, at the moutli of the river of that name, were about to be delivered to the United States, under the provisions of Jay's treaty. Fort Ontario was thus surrendered on the fourth day of July following, and Port Niag- ara still earlier; so that when the boats of the survey party approached the latter post the men saw with delight the stars and stripes floating over its ramparts. On the 31st of June the tSix Nations held'a council at Buffalo, at which General Cleaveland was present, togetlier with some whom the surveyors called west- ern Indians, but whom from the circumstances we should infer to have been Mohawks, who lived west of Buffalo, in Canada. Notwithstanding the numer- ous treaties by which the claims of these Indians to the country east of the Cuyahoga were supposed to be extinguished, they still put forth some preten- sions to it, and it was thought better to conciliate than to oppose them. The celebrated Josejih Brant, or Thayendenegea, was the principal manager on the part of the Mt Nations, and gave General Cleaveland a "speecli" in writing, but the equally distinguished Red Jacket was the principal orator. The council was adjourned over the a2nd, because the chiefs in- sisted on getting drunk. On the 23rd, after numerous speeches on both sides, Cleaveland agreed to give the Indians five hundred pounds. New York currency, (11,250) in goods, as a present, aud also agreed to use his influence to ob- tain for them an allowance of five hundred dollars a year from the United States; failing which the Con- iiocticut Land Company was to give them an addi- tional present of fifteen hundred dollars. The chiefs on their side agreed that the Indians should not in- terfere with the settlers on the Reserve, a stipulation which they appear to have faithfully observed. In fact, they could hardly avoid losing their hearts to General Cleaveland, for, tlfter the counciling and bar- gaining was over, he gave them two beef-cattle for a feast, with an accom^janiment of no less than one hundred gallons of whisky! The expedition then proceeded in boats up the lake to Conneaut, in the extreme northeast corner of the Reserve, where they arrived on the 4th of July. They celebrated the day by firing with their rifles a "federal salute" of fifteen rounds— one for each State then in the Union— and a sixteenth for -'New Con- necticut.'' The Reserve was frequently spoken of by the first settlers and surveyors as New Connecticut, and they evidently were not exactly certain whether it was a part of the Northwest Territory or a separate nation of itself. At Conneaut nearly all the surveyors and other em- ployees manifested a very insubordinate disposition. Amzi Atwater, himself an employee, says they muti- nied. At all events, they manifested a strong disposi- tion not to go on with the work unless they could derive some compensation for it besides their wages. At that time it was thought that the ownership of land in "New Connecticut" was the sure road to fortune, and the men were anxious to become pro- prietors. General Cleaveland yielded, and informally agreed that if the men would go on and work through the season they should have a township of land at a dollar an acre. As soon as this question was settled, some of the surveyors ran south from the northe.ast corner of the Reserve, along the Pennsylvania line, to the forty- first parallel, and thence west along that parallel, making it their base line. From it, at intervals of five miles, they ran meridians north to the lake; the spaces between them constituting "ranges." These were to be subdivided into townships by east and west lines, also five miles apart. They depended entirely on their compasses, and as that instrument is subject to numerous variations the meridians were by no means accurately laid down. Some of them varied as much as half a mile from the true line before reach- ing the lake. The early government surveyors varied in the same manner, but they soon learned to correct each township line, as run by the compass, by meas- urement to the preceding one. While the surveyors were doing the work just men- tioned. Superintendent Cleaveland came to the mouth of the Cuyahoga, reaching that point on the 22d of July, 1791, and established the headquarters of the party there. With him, among others, came Job P, Stiles and Tabitha Cumi Stiles, his wife, for whom a cabin was erected, and who were placed in charge of of the company's stores at that point. This was the first white family, and Mrs. Stiles was the first white women, who ever resided in the present county of Cuyahoga. Their cabin and the company's store- house were on the low ground on the east side of the Cuyahoga, convenient to a spring which issued from the side of the hill. This was the same location'that had been chosen by the freighters, in 1786, as de- scribed by Colonel Hillman, but the slight cabiif then erected had probably entirely disappeared, having very likely been used for fuel by Indians or travel- ers; at all events it is not mentioned in the notes of SALE AND StTRVEY. 39 any of the surveyors. The more substantial struc- ture, built by Captain Thorn and his crew, near the foot of the present Willson ayenue, was still standing. Mr. Porter, the principal surveyor, took on him- self the difficult task of tracing the coast line, so as to find where the west line of theEeserve would strike Lake Erie. The other surveyors, after runuing out the meridians, as before stated, began to run parallels from the Pennsylvania line to the Cuyahoga. Warren ran the line between townships six and seven (Bed- ford and Warrensville); Pease between townships seven and eight (Warrensville and Euclid); Spafford and Stoddard between townships eight and nine, (Mayfield and Willoughby); and HoUey still farther north. Pease's line ran through the present city of Cleveland. No one knew anything about the Cliagrin river, and every surveyor, when he reached it in run- ning his parallel, supposed it to be the Cuyahoga and went down to the mouth before discovering his misr take. We may mention, in passing, that Wayne county was organized by the authorities of the Northwest Territory on the 15th of August in this yeai-, nomi- nally embracing the whole tract from the Cuyahoga westward and northwtu'd beyond Detroit, which place was made the county seat. Thus the county seats (Marietta and Detroit) of the two counties (Washing- ton and Wayne) which then embraced tlie present Cuyahoga were over three hundred miles apart. As all of this county west of the river was still Indian land, the formation of Wayne county had no practical effect here; nor was any part of this county ever ac- tually organized in connection with either Washington or Wayne. August and September passed rapidly away in the task of surveying the various lines. Holley and Pease left journals describing their labors, but of course only a small portion of them were performed in Cuy-, ahoga county, and, moreover, the mere details of the distances and courses which they ran on successive, days would hardly be interesting to our readers. . As indicative of the primitive utensils employed in their traveling kitchen, we may notice Holley's memoran- dum that.at the Chagrin river the cook got mad because the bark would not peel, so that he had nothing to mix bread on, and declared that he could give the party nothing to eat. One of the men, however, solved the difficulty by mixing the flour in a bag, thus restoring serenity to the cook and food to the party. Meanwhile the board of directors at Hartford be- came impatient to have the laud divided among the proprietors, and on the 26 th of August wrote to Cleaveland, constituting him. Stow, Porter and the four other surveyors a committee to equalize and di- vide the land east of the Cuyahoga, according to the plan already mentioned, and urging him to accom- plish the work that season if possible. This, how- ever, was entirely impracticable. It had from the first been determined by the direc- tors to lay out one "capital town," or city, at the most eligible place on the Reserve, the township around which was to be cut into smaller lots than the rest of the tract, which were to be sold to actual settlers. The selection was doubtless left to General Cleaveland, to be made on the ground. He selected the site at the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Porter ran out the streets of the embryo city, and left Holley to survey it into lots. Only twelve streets and lanes were then laid out, which might fairly be considered sufficient, as there was not a solitary permanent resident of the "city." Cleaveland bestowed his own name upon the place, and it was forthwith dubbed the "City of Cleaveland." The township around it, however, was at first called "Cuyahoga town." The locality at the mouth of the river is also sometimes mentioned in the surveyors' minutes as "Cuyahoga," but after Septem- ber, 1796, is always "Cleaveland." The morning of the 21st of September the survey- ors, to the number of about tiiirty, who had collected at the "city," found themselves without meat, and with only a little flour, two cheeses and some choco- late, in the way of provisions. It would not do to start into the woods again, nor even to wait long where they were. While they were wondering at the non- arrival of expected provisions from Conneaut, and debating as to what next should be done, a shout was heard, and a bear was discovered swimming across the river from the west side. Instantly every man was on his feet. Porter and Holley jumped into a canoe and paddled toward the shaggy visitor; anoth- er man went up the shore with a gun, and the rest of the shouting crowd assembled to stop the brute as soon as he should reach the laud. They succeeded only too well, for the noise and confusion were such that the animal took the alarm, swam back to the western shore and escaped. As a compensatien for this loss, Holley's 'journal notes mimediately afterwards: "Munson caught a rattlesnake, which we boiled and ate." By noon they had become so well assured that no provisions were coming from Couneaut that they all set out for that place in two boats and a bark canoe. After sailing about eight miles, however, they met a party with cattle and provisions, and returned to the Cuyaiioga with much lighter hearts than when they left it. On arriving after dark they saw a fire blazing on the western shore. As they passed it, they dis- charged a volley from their rifles by way of a salute, in honor of the sojourners who had built the fire, and in accordance with a custom which seems to have been quite common on the frontier, among both whites and Indians. The travelers were discovered to bo a party of Grand river Indians, who had been west, hunting. After a week more of surveying in the vicinity of the river, the whole party assembled at its mouth on the 30th of September, when the informal agreement made at Conneaut, in the forepart of July, was re- duced to a written contract, in whicli " Cleaveland " is first mentioned as the name of the embryo city at the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Moses Cleaveland 40 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. signed the coiitniot on tlie purt of the company, while forty-one of the employees put their bauds to it in their own behalf. Six of the employees, including .Toshua Stow, were not parties to the arrangement. The township which tliey selected was number eight in the eleventh range, being the one next down the lake from Cleveland. With great propriety, consid- ering that they were all surveyors or assistaiits, and that surveying is eminently a mathematical profes- sion, they gave to their now township the name of the great Greek mathematician, Euclid. The sug- gestion is credited by Mr. Holley to Moses Warren. Each of the men was to serve the company faithfully till tiie end of the season, and was to have an erpial share in the township at a dollar an acre, on making certain improvements. "J'hese were carefully speci- fied in the contract, and are more fully set forth in the township history of Euclid. On the same day the employees held a meeting, at which they arranged the order in which they would make their improvements, and transact other busi ness.. The record of their proceedings was also dated at the "City of Cleaveland,"aud the locality has ever since retained that name, except that the "a" has been discarded. On the tentli of October, Surveyor Holley notes in his journal that he with bis party "left Cleaveland at tlie moutii of the Cuyahoga, to finish dividing the east part of the township into lots." By the sixteenth the weather began to interfere seriously with their work. On that day Mi'. H. motions that they came into camp wet and cold, but after "pushing the bot- tle and getting a fire and some supper, all were as merry as grigs." But Gen. Cleaveland evidently thought that, considering the long journey before them, it was time to be starting homeward. He and the majority of the men appear to have left about the sixteenth, and on the eighteenth Porter, Holley, Pease, Stoddard, Atwater and nine others set out for their distant and much-longed-for homes. The only white persons left on the Reserve were Job N. Stiles and Tabitha his wife, and Joseph Lan- don. These were supplied with provisions for the winter, and then abandoned to a solitude almost as complete as that of Selkirk on his island. To be sure there were plenty of Indians and squaws, but consid- ering that many of the former had been, not long be- fore, in arms against the United States, and were liable at any moment to break out again, it would seem as if their absence would have been more desir- able than their company. The object in leaving Mr. and Mrs. Stiles in this isolated locality is not certainly known, but it was pi-obably thought that the buildings would be less lia- ble to be destroyed it' some one was in charge of them, and if any tools or other property were left behind, it was absolutely necessary that some one should keep watch of them: for the noble red men, though civil enough in their ordinary intercourse with the sur- veyors, would certainly have been unable to resist the temptation presented by any thing they could con- veniently-carry off. Landon, who had heen connected with the survey partv, ])robably intended to trade with the Indians. He soon left, however, his place being taken by Ed- ward Paine, afterwards known as General Paine of Painesville, who boarded with Stiles, and was cer- tainly at that time an Indian-trader. He was the first resident in the county unconnected with the survey- party. The nearest white neighbors were at a settle- ment made that fall in the present town of Willough- by, Geauga county. Tradition asserts that the first white child born in this county came to light in the cabin of Job and Tabitha Stiles, in the winter of 1796-7, and that a squaw acted as its nurse, but there is no positive evidence. All the party, except those who remained at Cleve- land, reached their distant homes without more serious difficulty than was necessitated by a journey of six or seven hundred miles, largely through the wilderness. Noitiier General Cleaveland nor Mr. Porter ever re- turned to tlie Reserve, unless possibly the latter may have done so as a casual traveler. General Cleave- land continued to practice his profession in his native town of Canterbury, sometimes representing it in the State legislature, and always occupying a prominent position among his fellow citizens, until his death in 180G. Though, as before stated, he never returned to the Reserve, yet he always manifested a warm in- terest in its welfare, and especially in the village which he had founded and which bore his name. One cannot but regret that he was not spared to see at least the beginning of its greatness as a city. Augustus Porter soon after settled at Niagara Falls, where he became one of the leading men of western New Y.ork. He erected extensive mills there, and was also the first man who built a bridge from the mainland to Goat Island. In 1808, he was appointed the first presiding judge of the court of common pleas of Niagara county. New York, (of which Buffalo was then the county seat), a post which he held for thir- teen years. He died at Niagara Palls at a very advanced age. Judge Porter was an elder brother of Peter B. Porter, the distinguished general in the war of 1812, and secretary of war under President J. Q. Adams. In January, 1797, the members of the Connecticut Land Company held their annual meeting. There was much complaint of the large cost of the work of the past year, but after an investigation by a commit- tee the proceedings of the directors and superintend- ent were entirely approved. Cleaveland's agreement with Brant and the other chiefs at Buffalo was also ratified. The stockholders were seriously discomposed by another matter. Mr. Porter, having during the sea- son made a traverse of the line of the Reserve along Lake Erie, now reported that the total contents of the original tract were only three million four hun- dred and fifty thousand seven hundred and fifty- SALE AND SURVEY. 41 three acres, and that, after deducting the five hundred thousand acres granted to the sufferers by British spoliation, (commonly called the Fire Lands,) there remained only two million nine hundred and fifty thousand seven hundred and fifty-three acres for the Connecticut Land Company. This was about fifty thousand acres less than they had bought. Moreover, the "Excess Company," the members of which had been paying fancy prices for a share in the surplus of the Western Reserve above three million acres, (besides the "Fire Lands") suddenly found that there was no surplus, and many of them became bankrupt on account of the 4'scovery. Fault was found with Porter's survey, but subsequent work showed tliat the estimated amount was too large rather than too small; a very close eomputation by Leonard Case making the whole amount in the Re- serve, besides the Fire Lands, two million eight hun- dred and thirty -seven thousand one hundred and nine acres. This great reduction fropi the amount estimated before the survey was caused by the fact that, in going west. Lake Erie trended much farther south than had been supposed before exact calcula- tions were made. In the spring of 1797, the company again made preparations to send a party to finish the surveys. While they were doing so, Mr. Cleaveland received a letter from one Alexander Henry, who had been an Indian trader from Montreal to the upper-lake region ever since the treaty of peace between Prance and England, in 1763. He claimed that he and others had bought of the Indians a large tract west of the Cuyahoga and north of Wayne's treaty-line, which included all of the Western Reserve west of the river just mentioned. This he offered to sell to the com- pany at one shilling per acre; guaranteeing a confirm- ation of the deed by the Indians. He stated that the deed was in the hands of Alexander Macomb, (father of the general of that name in the war of 1813,) a great land-speculator of that day and a co-proprietor with Henry. It is quite likely that some of the chiefs of the Delawares or Chippewas had made such a deed^ but, as the United States had invariably refused to recognize sales made by the Indians to any one but the general government, no attention was paid to Mr. Henry's claim. He afterwards published an account of his adventures among the Indians, which is a valuable authority on the subject of aboriginal history. In the letter in question Mr. Henry mentioned that one John Askin, one of the proprietors under the alleged purchase, was then residing with his family "at Cuyahoga," but there is nowhere else any account of such a person. Among all the numerous state- ments made by surveyors and their friends, it is hardly possible that Askin would have been passed over if he had lived on or near either bank of the Cuyahoga. Henry may have falsified entirely, or may have mistaken Askin's location, or the latter may have moved away before the surveyors came. The survey party of 1797 was organized at Schenec- tady, New York, by Mr. Seth Pease, who had been selected as principal surveyor for the coming season, and who proceeded to that point during the forepart of April. After the company was formed, Rer. Seth Hart was made the superintendent. Besides the two officials just named, there were no less tlian eight surveyors: Richard M. Stoddard, Moses Warren, Amzi Atwater, Joseph Landon, Amos Spafliord, War- ham Shepard, Phineas Barker and Nathan Redfield. Dr. Theodore Shepard was again employed as the physician. There were, in addition, fifty-two other employees, to perform the numerous duties necessary in an extensive survey; the most prominent of these being Colonel Ezra Waite and Major William Sliep- ard, who seem to have had charge of the others when the latter were not under the immediate direction of the surveyors. Nathaniel Doan, the blacksmith of 1796, was also a member of the present expedition. There were in all sixty-three members, of whom only twelve had been on the previous expedition; and, of these latter, seven were surveyors. Evidently the work of carrying a chain or wielding an axe in the tangled forest, living on indigestible bread and sleep- ing on the wet ground, had lost all their romantic charms during one year's experience. The expedition took the usual route to the western world, by way of the Mohawk river, Onedia lake, Oswego river, Lake Ontario, Niagara river and Lake Erie, though a portion went by land, by way of Oanan- daigua, under charge of Major William Shepard. After leaving some of the men at work in the eastern part of the Reserve, the head of the main portion of the expedition arrived at Cleveland on the first day of June. Mr. Pease's journal mentions finding Mr. and Mrs. Stiles well, and also Mrs. Gun, who, with her husband, had moved from Conneaut that spring, though Mr. Gun was then absent. He says nothing of there being a child in the Stiles family, which it is exceedingly probable he would have done if one had been born during the winter, at least if it had then been living. Boats belonging to the expedition kept coming for several days afterwards. In the afternoon of June 4th, one of them brought the body of David Eidridge, one of the hands, who had been drowned the same day, in attempting to swim his horse over Grand river. The next morning the north part of lots ninety-seven and ninety-eight, in Cleveland, were selected as a burial ground. There were a few boards in the vicinity, and a strong, rude coffin was quickly made. The body of Eidridge was placed in it, the coffin was fastened with cords to a stout pole, by which means it was supported on the shoulders of the comrades of the deceased, and the procession moved slowly to the burial ground. There the body was solemnly interred; Superintendent Hart reading the burial service. A rough fence was also built around the grave. This was, so far as known, the first funeral in Cuyahoga county. 42 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Parties were at once sent out in various directions to recommence the surveys. Mr. Pease mentions the articles furnished to each party, which certainly form a somewhat miscellaneous collection, viz. : Porlc, flour, tea, chocolate, sugar, ginger, spirits, vinegar, cheese, pepper, empty bags, fire-steel, punk, candles, a tent, axes, hatchets, pocket compasses, measuring pins, salt, soap and horses. From a previous entry, we learn that the daily rations for a mess of six men were five pounds of pork, a pound of chocolate, a " small porringer " of sugar, a half bottle of tea, a bottle of rum, and flour without limit. The most noticeable difference between these rations and those issued to soldiers and explorers at the present day is the absence of coffee from the former. Jlodern campers- out would hardly find tea, chocolate, or even a bottle of rum, a sufficient substitute. The main headquarters were established at Cleve- land, but on the tenth of June Mr. Pease with -a small party went up the Cuyahoga, and soon after estab- lished the " upper headquarters," near Cuyahoga Palls, in the present county of Summit. On the 11th of June, 1797, James Kingsbury and his family arrived at Cleveland. He was a native of Connecticut, but had moved from Now Hampshire to Conneaut the previous season. Por a short time he lived in a dilapidated house on the west side of the river, which may have been the one occupied by John Askin. Early this season, also, Lorenzo Carter, of Rutland, Vt., and his brother-in-law, Ezekicl Ilawloy, came to Cleveland with their families. According to a state- ment made in his lifetime by Alonzo Carter, son of Lorenzo, his father arrived on the 2d of May; having stayed the previous winter in Canada. Carter and Hawley both located in Cleveland. One of the chil- dren of the latter was Fanny B., then five years old. She is still living, at tlic age of eighty-seven years, being now the venerable widow of Mr. Theodore Miles, of the eighteenth ward of Cleveland, formerly Newburg. She is unquestionably the earliest sur- viving resident of Cuyahoga county, and her memory spans the whole time and all the wonderful changes from the unbroken forest to the teeming county and the mighty metropolis. Mr. Carter, afterwards universally known as Major Carter, was well calculated to succeed in a new coun- try; being an exti'cmely active, enterprising man, an expert hunter, and withal peculiarly adroit in gain- ing an influence over the Indians, who were constant neighbors and frc((uent visitors. He at once began entertaining travelers, and his was the first hotel in Cuyahoga county. The first marriage followed quickly after the first funeral. Carter's hired girl bore the peculiar name of Chloe Inches. While Mr. Carter was residing in Canada, during the previous winter, she had formed the acquaintance of one William Clement, who speed- ily followed her to Cleveland. They were married by Rev. Mr. Hart, and, as no further mention is made of Clement in Cleveland annals, we presume he re- turned with his bride to Canada. In June David Bryant and his son Oilman (the latter being afterwards a well known citizen and one of the latest surviving pioneers) came to Cleveland by boat; being on their way to a grindstone quarry on Vermillion river. They made trips back and forth all that summer, carrying grindstones oast, probably into Pennsylvania. Their stopping place was at Car- ter's tavern. Besides those already named, Rudolphus Edwards became a resident of Cleveland during the summer. Up to this time all that part of the Western Re- serve east of the Cuyahoga had continued to be a por- tion of the county of Washington, created in 1788, with its county-seat at Marietta. No one in this vicinity paid any attention to its authority, and the directors of the Land Company were very anxious to have a "legal and practicable government." The legislature of Connecticut declined to assume any political authority. On the 29th of June, 1797, Washington county was divided; all the north part, including that portion of Cuyahoga east of the river, being formed by the legislature of the Northwest Ter- ritory into the county of Jefferson, with the seat of justice at Steubenville. The latter place was fifty miles nearer than Marietta, but still no attention was paid to the authorities there by the few inhabitants of the Reserve, nor did those authorities attempt to organize any townships within that district. The surveyors and their men were soon nearly all engaged in running the lines in the southern part of the Reserve; their headquarters in the field being, as before stated, a short distance below Cuyahoga Falls. A sad but interesting event, the last scene of which was in Cuyahoga county, is narrated by Amzi Atwater, then a youth scarcely twenty-one years old. While he and Warham Sliepard were running the south part of the fifth meridian (now the line between Trumbull and Portage counties), in the latter part of July, Minor Bicknell, one of the assistants, was taken violently sick with a fever. There was no medicine and no comforts for the sick, and the only hope of saving the man was to get him to Cleveland or the upper headquarters as soon as possible. Shepard agreed to go on with the survey with one man, while Atwater withoneortwo others undertook to convey Bicknell to a more desirable location. Placing one horse far enough behind another to admit of a man's lying lengthwise between them, Atwater and his helpers put two long poles, one on each side of the horses, and fastened them to the pack-saddles with strips of bark. With other pieces of the same material they made a kind of net work between the polos. On this they made a bed -of blankets, and laid the sick man upon them. On the 20th day of July they started out, with no guide but Atwater's compass and the marks made along the lines already run. After going a short distance south, they proceeded west along the third parallel. A SALE AND SURVEY. 43 man was sent ahead to have a boat ready at the upper headquarters, if there were any there. * Bicknell was delirious a large part of the time, and so serious was the diiBculty in advancing through the forest with such an unwieldy carriage, and so great was the necessity of moving the sick man carefully, that the cortege was only able to make about ten miles a day. Proceeding west to the present corner of Stow and Hudson townships, Summit county, Atwftter turned south to the old Indian trail from the Ohio river to Sandusky. There he met his messenger, who said that the camp at upper headquarters was taken up, and all the boats had gone down the river. The same man was then directed to go to Cleveland and get a boat to come up to the present south line of Independence, where the party would meet it. Atwater then went north, on the west line of Stow and Hudson, to the northwest corner of the latter townsliip, where he again turned to the west. Plod- ding wearily along tlie faint track which went straight over hill and through valley, camping where night overtook him, listening to the occasional howl of the wolves in the distance, and burdened all the time with the care of a delirious invalid who was hourly growing worse, the young surveyor found his own nervous and muscular system subjected to a terrible strain, and afterwards, no doubt truly, described this as the most exciting event of his life. At length, in the forenoon of the 25th of July, they reached the Cuyahoga, on the line between Independence and Brecksville, and rested to await the arrival of the boat from Cleveland. But no aid could come quickly enough to help the smitten man, who died within two hours of his arrival at the river. Soon after noon Joseph Tinker came with the expected boat, having Dr. Shepard on board. The only thing that could then be done was to bury the unfortunate Bicknell, and he was accord- ingly interred near the river, close to the south line of Independence. Exhausted as Atwater was by fatigue and anxiety, he was obliged almost immedi- ately to retrace his steps, in order to find Warham Shepard and help him out with the surveys. Apropos of this last event, it may be remarked that ''^Joseph Tinker, who came up in charge of the boat, seems to have acted as the principal master of trans- portation for the company; sometimes going back to Conneaut and other points for supplies, with four or five men and a boat, at other times transporting the needed articles on pack-horses to the various parties of surveyors. He was drowned in the lower part of Lake Erie while returning home the next fall, but his name is preserved in "Tinker's creek," which is the principal stream that flows intjji the Cuyahoga in this county; heading in Portage county and running through the townships of Solon, Bedford and Inde- pendence. The township lines were ?oon completed, and all the surveyors and their assistants returned to Cleve- land. A few remaining lots of Cleveland township were then run out, and Warronsville and part of Bedford were also divided into lots. Meanwhile the "equalizing committee," composed of the principal surveyors, was hard at work, exploring the townships and settling on the size of the fractions which should be added to other townships, so as to make them all of substantially the same value. Work progressed slowly, for sickness had become extremely prevalent. Fever and ague was the princi- pal disease, but dysentery and bilious fever were also common. One of the workmen, named William An- drews, died in August, as did also Peleg Washburn, an apprentice to Nathaniel Doan, the blacksmith. On the 8th of August the sick list numbered seven; on the 37th it had arisen to eleven, and on the 13th of September the number who could not work was twelve. The men having almost none of the appli- ances and comforts of civilized life, the ague racked them with extreme violence. The fits often came on every day, and when they passed off it was all the poor, exhausted men could do to crawl from their blanket beds to the spring, and get water enough to last them through the next attack. On the 13th of September nine sick persons were discharged and sent east. About the first of October some of those who had acquired claims in Euclid, under the agreement of the year before, made im- provements in accordance with that agreement. But the groat anxiety to obtain land on the Eeserve had passed away under the influence of hardship and ague, and very few of the original contractors performed their agreements and received their land. In the lat- ter part of October the surveyors and their assistants all left for the east. The families left at Cleveland were those of Carter, Ilawlcy, Kingsbury and Edwards. These, like the surveyors, had been terribly afflicted by ague, and Mr. Kingsbury determined to seek a healthier location. He accordingly removed to the high ridge running from what has since been called "Doan's Corners" to Newburg, at a point, about five miles from the lake, where the present Kinsman street strikes Wood- land Hills avenue, and where his descendants still re- side. There he built him a cabin, which he occupied with his family on the 11th of December; being the first permanent resident in the county away from the immediate shore of the lake. a GENEEAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER VIII. THE PEEIOD PROM 1798 TO 1800. The Best Townships— Annual Meeting of 1798- New Assessment— Report of the Equalizing Committee— Subsequent Career of Setli Pease- Bounty on Gristmills— Road built to the Pennsylvania Line— Escaping the Ague— Carter's Generosity -Settlement of Euclid— An Ague-Smit- ten Family— Description of a Plumpiug-Mill— Kingsbury's Hand Grist- mill—Lack of Medicine— Annual Indian Hunts in Cuyahoga County — Annual Drunks— Carter's Quarrel with Indians— His Influence over them -Fishing at Roolcy River— The First Gristmill-The Surveyore give up Euclid— The First Sawmill— The First School— Formation of Trumbull County -First Election in it— First Court of Quarter Sessions of TrumbuU-First Justices of the Peace from the Present Cuyahoga —Organization of Civil Townships -Boundaries of Cleveland— First Constables— Kirtland's Remonstrance against High Prices. As before stated, it had beeu decided by the direc- tors to take some of the most valuable to-wnships as the standard, and bring the others up to that stand- ard by the addition of fractious. Those selected by the committee as the most valuable in the whole Re- serve (outside of those chosen to be sold for the gen- eral benefit), were townships five, six and seven of range eleven, and township eleven of I'ange seven; now, respectively, Middlefield in Summit county, Bedford and Warreusville in Cuyahoga county, and Perry in Lake county. At their annual meeting on the 23d of January, 1798, the stockholders confirmed the action of the directors, in giving a city lot, a ten-acre lot and a hun- dred-acre lot to Mrs. Stiles, a hundred-acre lot to Mrs. Gun, and a hundred-acre lot to James Kingsbury; also a city lot to Nathaniel Doau, conditioned on his living on it as a blacksmith. At the same time an- other assessment of twenty dollars a share was ordered; thirty-five dollars a share having already been raised during the preceding summar. . The question of political jurisdiction was still not quite decided, but the stockholders offered all their po- litical authority, more or less, to Congress; at the same time requesting that the authorities of the Northwest Territory should form a new county, to embrace the Western Reserve. Some small donations of land were also offered to actual settlers. A committee reported in favor of building a road near Lake Erie from the Pennsylvania line to Cleveland, with a branch to the salt springs in the present county of Mahonino-. The stockholders voted that the fifteen hundred dollars })romised to the Indians, through Brant, should be paid to the United States superintendent of Indian affairs, to be divided among the Six Nations as he should think just. On the 39th of the same month the stockholders were again convoked by the directors to receive the report of the committee on partition, consisting of Pease, S])afford, Warren and Holbrook. Six town- shijis were to be sold for the general benefit; two of them being Euclid and Cleveland (then including Newburg) and four being outside of Cuyahoga county. Pour other townships (Warreusville, Bedford and two outside the county) were drawn in four hundred parcL^ls, one to each share. All the rest of the Re- serve east of the Cuyahoga was drawn in ninety- three parcels; each consisting of a township or more. These, as before arranged, were received by the pro- prietors, who clubbed together in groups for the pur- pose; each group dividing its portion among its mem- bers as they could agree. This ended the direct connection of Mr. Pease with the Connecticut Land Company. He was afterwards employed by the " Hol- land Company " in surveying its land, which com- prised six or eight of the westernmost counties of New York. When his brother-in-law, Gideon Gran- ger, became postmaster-general of the United States in 1801, Mr. Pease was made assistant postmaster- general. While holding that position he was employed by the government to relocate the south line of the Western Reserve, in 1806. The stockholders were still in trouble because Con- gress had failed to take any special action regarding their territory, and again petitioned the legislature of Connecticut to afford them relief, but that body wisely decided to make no movement which might bring it into collision with the national authorities. The company also voted to give two hundred dollars, or loan five hundred, to any one who would put uj) a gristmill near the Cuyahoga, and likewise to others, to do the same in other localities. Two more assess- ments were levied, of ten dollars per share each. In the spring of 1798 a party of eighteen came out to the Reserve and built a road from Cleveland to the Pennsylvania line, near the lake shore, which occu- pied them the greater part of the season. The same year Doau, (who had returned from the East to settle,) Edwards, Stiles and Gun followed the example of Kingsbury and located themselves four or five miles each from the mouth of the Cuyahoga. Doau made his home at the point long known as Doan's Corners, and the others along the ridge south from that point. The object of all of them was to escape the ague, then so terribly prevalent in the "city," and to a great extent they succeeded. Their removal left the "city" to the occupancy of Mr. Carter, Mr. Amos Spafford, (who came there tlie same year) and their families, and to Joseph Landon and Stephen Gilbert who cleared land and sowed some wheat. The early accounts speak frequently of the generous assistance afforded by Mr. Carter and his wife to the fever-smitten inhabitants. He seems to have escaped sickness to a considerable extent, and his expertness with his rifle enabled him to make frequent and most welcome presents of game to his afflicted neighbors. Deer were plenty, and could be seen forty, fifty or even sixty rods away, owing to the fact that there was very little underbrush in any part of the county. Mr. Carter also brought goods that year to trade with the Indians ; thus be- coming the first merchant in the county after the settlement by the whites. The same year Mr. John Morse and others made a settlement in Euclid. As illustrative of the hardships undergone by the early settler, it may be mentioned that Nathaniel Doau and his whole family, numbering nine persons, were sick during a considerable part of the season. The only one able to do anything was his nephew, THE PERIOD FEOM 1798 TO 1800. 45 Seth Doan, a boy of thirteen, and he had the inevita- ble shakes. For two months Seth went to Mr. Kingsbury's and got corn, which he then crushed in Ml". Kingsbury's hand-mill and took home to the family. When he was unable to go they had no vegetable food but turnips, though Carter and his hounds ke])t them pretty well supplied with venison. The mill spoken of, at least the first one built by Mr. Kingsbury, was of the foi'm which was common in all the new country during the first years of settle- ment. An oak stump was hollowed out so that it would hold about half a bushel of corn. Above it a heavy wooden pestle was suspended to a "spring- pole," the large end of which was fastened to a neigh- boring tree. A convenient quantity of corn being poured into the hollow, the pestle was seized with both bauds and brought dowu upon it. Then the spring-pole drew it up a foot or two above the corn, when it was again brought down, and thus the work continued until the coru was reduced to a quantity of very coarse meal. These machines were commonly called "plumping-mills," and probably each of the first-settled townships in the county had one or more of those rude but convenient articles. For three or four years there was no water-mill nearer than Penn- sylvania. Mr. Kingsbury, however, being a particularly en- terprising pioneer, soon constructed something more effective than his plumping-mill, though still unable to compass a regular gristmill. Getting a couple of large stones in the vicinity, he shaped them into some similitude to mill-stones and fastened the lower firmly in position. To the upper one he affixed a long lever, by which it could be rotated back and forth, and with this simple machinery he and his neighbors were able to grind their corn finer and more rapidly than with the discarded plumping-mill. The doctor who attended the surveyors having re- turned with them, there was no physician in all this part of the Reserve. It fact it was twelve years more before one located in Cuyahoga county. The people had to do their own doctoring and provide their own medicine. Instead of calomel they used an infusion of butternut bark; instead of quinine, a de- coction of dogwood and cherry. These were crude remedies, yet, notwithstanding the extreme sickliness of the locality, which is admitted by all the early set- tlers, it does not appear that the mortality was much larger than in sections where there was an ample sup- ply of physicians. Doubtless, however, a good phy- sician would have stopped the prevalent fevers more quickly than they "wore themselves out," and would thus have prevented much suffering. The last three years of the eighteenth century were remarkable in this locality for the early appearance of warm weather. Pinks and other flowers bloomed in February each year, and peach trees were in full blossom in March. All along during the early years of settlement the Chippewas, Ottawas and other western Indians, to the number of several hundred, were in the habit of coming every autumn from their summer homes on the Sandusky and Maumee, where they raised their corn, and assembling at the mouth of the Cuyahoga. There they piled their canoes, and then scattered out into the interior to spend the winter in hunting and trapping. Having acquired an ample supply of moat for summer use, and a quantity of valuable furs, they would return in the spring to the point where they had left their canoes. Here they would sell their furs, and before return- ing home would indulge in a grand, annual drunk. For this festive occasion they prepared, with praise- worthy caution, by giving their tomahawks, knives,- rifles and all other weapons to the squaws. These articles the latter would hide in some secluded place, carefully concealed from the warriors. Sometimes an ample allowance of whisky would be purchased " in bulk " of the nearest trader, with which the Indians would retire to some forest nook and there celebrate their frantic orgies. Sometimes they bought it by the drink; increasing the amount and the frequency as the hours progressed. Whichever way was adopted a terrific scene was the result. The warriors, as the whisky mounted to their brains, tiirew off all the usual stolidity of their demeanor; told with braggart shouts of the wars in which they had been engaged and the number of scalps they had taken; tore off even the scanty gar- ment they generally wore; rent the air with blood- curdling yells, and often fought among themselves with nature's weapons or such clubs aiid stones as they could pick up. At such times they frequently sought zealously for the knives and rifles of which they had previously dispossessed themselves, but the squaws generally performed their duty as custodians with great fidelity, and a severe pounding was the most serious injury the irate warriors received at each other's hands. Nor were the squaws entirely deprived of their share of amusement. After their lords had awakened from the sleep which followed their debauch, and had received back their weapons, the gentler sex were al- lowed (provided there was any whisky left or any fur to buy it with) to indulge in a lively drunk of their own. Their demonstrations were almost as frantic, but not usually as pugnacious, as those of the warriors. After all had satiated themselves with pleasure — according to their ideas — they launched their canoes, loaded in their dried deer meat and bear meat, and those skins which, being unsalable to the wlates, they destined for the furnishing of their lodges, and paddled swiftly away to their fertile cornfields at the head of the lake. In the spring of 1799, the Indians obtained the whisky for their annual celebration from Mr. Car- ter. After using up their first supply they sent him furs and obtained more, and this was often repeated. Doubtless thinking that the less liquor they drank the better off they would be, the worthy trader, as 46 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. the tradition goes, diluted the whisky with larger and hirger ([iiantities of water, as his customers became more and more intoxicated. The result was that they became sober long before they expected, and knew that a fraud had been perpetrated. Nine of them came to Carter's cabin in a great rage; swearing vengeance because tliey had been cheated out of a part of their drunk. Luckily all their arms were still in the possession of the sqnaws. They quickly burst open the cabin door, but the burly trader, standing behind it, knocked down three or four of them as they entered, sprang over their prostrate forms, rushed upon those outside, and drove them, unaccustomed to fist-fights, in tumultuous disorder to their canoes. Ere he returned to the cabin, his other foes gathered themselves up and slipped quietly away. For a while Carter was somewhat anxious lest they should all return with their weapons, but instead of that, after a considerable time had passed, a de])uta- tiou of squaws appeared and professed themselves desirous to make peace. The trader readily assented, walked over alone to the camp of his enemies, and easily succeeded in pacifying them. Whether he was able to convince them that it was a highly moral transaction to water an Indian's whisliy when he was getting too drunk, and then knock him down for resenting it, history saith not, but there is no doubt that he exercised an immense influence over the Indians, and could take liberties with them which no one else could. His bold, rough-and-ready ways, his great physical strength, and his expertness as a marksman and hunter, far superior to their own were all attributes which naturally gained the intense admiration of the rude, untutored cliildren of the forest. Some of tlicm declared lie was a magician, and could kill an animal with his rifle without breakino- its hide. On their way to and from their summer residence, the Indians usually stopped at Rocky river to fish, and ihis was also a favorite resort of the whites. The former generally fished at night in their canoes, with torchlight and spears; the whites used these means but also frequently resorted to the hook and line and sometimes managed to construct a small seine. In the spring, summer aud fall of 1799, "VV. W. Williams and Major Wyatt built the first gristmill in the present county of Cuyahoga. It was located at the falls of Mill creek, in what was long known as the village of Ncwburg, but is now a part of the city of Cleveland. The Land Company gave the proprie- tors a hundred acrts of land and all the irons for their mill, in consideration of their putting it up. The irons were the most important part of the struct- ure, as it was absolutely necessary to bring them from the East, while all the rest of the ai3pliances could be procured in the vicinity. The water was conveyed in a trough dug out of logs to an undershot wheel, "twelve feet over" which had but one set of arms, with brackets fifteen inches long, running inside the trough. David and Gilman Bryant, who were still engaged in their grind- stone trade from Vermillion river, made the mill- stones out of material obtained by the side of the creek, half a mile below the mill. By this time it had become evident that almost all the surveyors had given up their idea of settling in Euclid, and about all that remains in evidence of their design is the name of the great mathematician, applied by them to their favorite township. Other settlers, however, came into that township and Cleve- land, of whom more particular mention will be made in the township histories. The next year, 1800, Williams and Wyatt built a sawmill, near their gristmill, on Mill creek; the former, like the latter, being the fii'st institution of its kind in the county. As in the case of the first mill, too, the irons for the sawmill were presented by the company. This year was also distinguished by the establish- ment of the first school in the county. It was kept by Miss Sarah Doan in the Kingsbury neighborhood, which, as before stated, was long a part of Newburo- but has now been absorbed in the omnivorous city. Some important movements were made regarding the fee-si mi)le and the political Jurisdiction of the Western Reserve. The United States at length for- mally convoyed all its title to the soil of that terri- tory to the State of Connecticut (by which State it had been legally vested in the members of the Land Company and in the "Fire Lands" proprietors), while on the other hand the State formally released to ihe United States all its claims to the political jurisdic- tion of the territory in question. On the 10th of July, 1800, the legislature of Ohio formed a new county out of parts of Jefferson and Wayne, comprising all of the Western Reserve, in- cluding the "Fire Lands" and the neighboring is- lands in the lake. To this county was o-iven the name of "Trumbull," in honor of Jonathan Trum- bull, then governor of the State of Connecticut, and a son of the celebrated Revolutionary governor of the same name, who was the original " Brother Jonathan." The county-seat was located at Warren; the most of the settlers, who were very few, being in the south- eastern corner of the Reserve. On the aand of September, 1800, Gov. St. Clair issued his proclamation, directed to David Abbott, who had been appointed sherifE of Trumbull county, and who lived near the mouth of Chagrin river in the present county of Lake, requiring him to hold an election at Warren on the second Tuesday of October, for the purpose of choosing a representative in the Territorial legislature. The election was duly held at the time and place specified, when only forty-two votes were cast for the whole county of Trumbull; that is to say in the whole Western Reserve. As it was about sixty miles from the county-seat to Cleve- land and the same distance to Conneaut, it is quite probable that some of the voters stayed at home. Edward Paine, whom we have mentioned as living THE PERIOD PROM 1801 TO 1806. i1 with the Stiles fMinily during the llrst winter tliat Cleveland was occupied by white people, received thirty-eight of the forty-two votes, and was declared duly elected. This was the first election in which the settlers on the Reserve had taken part, and they were highly pleased to find themselves once more perform- ing the accustomed duties of citizens. Meanwhile, however, the first court of quarter ses- sions had been held at Warren, on the fourth Monday of August, 1800, by the judge of probate and the "justices of quorum" of the new county. The for- mer was John Leavitt. The latter were John Young, Turhand Kirtland, Camden Oleaveland, Bliphalet Austin and James Kingsbury; the last named being the only member from the present county of Cuya- hoga. The first justice of the peace not "of quo- rum," from this county, was Amos SpafEord. The court appointed a commission consisting of Amos Spafloi-d, David Hudson, Simeon Perkins, John Mi- nor, A. Wheeler, Edward Paine and Benjamin David- sou, to report a proper division of Trumbull county into townships with convenient boundaries. On their report the county was organized in eight townships, of which Cleveland was the westernmost. It comprised all of Cuyahoga county, together with the townships of Chester, Russell and Bainbridge in Geauga county. It also embraced the whole Indian country to the western boundary of the Reserve, (in- eluding the Fire Lands,) which was also the western boundary of the county. Its jurisdiction over the tract west of the Cuyahoga was, however, merely nominal; as there were no white men there to govern, and no one in those days thought of subjecting the Indians on their own ground to civil law. Thus the township of Cleveland had an area of about two thou- sand three hundred and forty square miles; of which, however, only about two hundred and sixty square miles were open to occupation by the whites. The next township east of Cleveland was Painesville. The distinction between survey townships and civil townships should always be borne in mind by those studying the early history of this section. Thus, while the civil township of Cleveland embraced the immense territory above described, the survey town- ship of the same name comprised only a small district about five miles by eight, out of which were after- wards formed the civil townships of Cleveland and Newburg. After the county had been thus divided into town- ships, the court appointed constables for them; those for Cleveland being Stephen Gilbert and Lorenzo Carter. In this year Turhand Kirtland, writing to General Cleaveland from the town which bore the name of the latter, declared that the prices of land were too high; objecting especially to the demand of twenty- five dollars per acre for city lots. He stated that the crops were extremely good, the settlers healthy and in good spirits, and their numbers increasing as rapidly as could be expected. There was a universal scarcity of cash, however, which of course made pay- ments difficult. The settlers were anxious that the company should build a store, and take grain and other produce in payment for their land. This, how- ever, was not done. CHAPTER IX. THE PERIOD FROM 1801 TO 1806. Samuel Huntington— No Laws— Irand Fourth of July Celebration— Gilman Bryant and his Lady— The Ball— A Traveling Minister— First Town Meeting— First Township Officers- Mr. Huntington made Jus- tice of the Quorum— His Politics— Attempt to sell Six Townships- Failure, and the Cause— The Townships divided— Huntington a Judge of the Supreme Court— First Indiotment^The First Murder— "Me no 'f raid "—A Treacherous Blow— Thro its of Eevenge— A Compromise- Two Gallons of Consolation— Organization of Militia— Carter elected Captain— A Useless Protest— The Captain promoted to Major— The Sloop Cuyahoga Packet-Purchase of the Ijand West of the Cuyahoga —Proposed Council at Cleveland— Indians stay Away— Council at San- dusky— Terms of the Treaty— Silver in Payment— First Post-Offlce— Collection-District ut Erie— Settlement of Mayfleld— Another Mliitia Election— List of Voters— Formation of Geauga County— Survey of West-Side Lands— The Perils of the Lake— A Terrible Scene— Rescue of "Ben" — Loss of the Schooner " W^ashington." Early in the spring of 1801, Samuel Huntington, of Connecticut (a nephew of the governor of that State of the same name), who had been examining the lands on the Reserve during the previous summer, and had at the same time obtained admission to the bar of the State, came to Clevelaud and selected thac point as his future home. He immediately employed workmen to build him a large, hewed-log house, which, notwithstanding its humble materials, ap- peared quite aristocratic in comparison with the cabins of the other settlers. He also employed Mr. Samuel Dodge to build him a framed barn; tiiis being the first framed edifice in the county. The boards were of course obtained from Williams and Wyatt's mill at Newburg. Mr. Huntington was the first lawyer in the county. He did not, however, obtain any considerable prac- tice; for the immigrants from the land of steady habits were not litigious, and were too few in number to make much business for an attorney. Huntington was evidently ahead of his time, as were many others, in expecting that Cleveland would soon be a large town. In fact no one could have appeared more in- congruous among the rude settlers, the red Indians, the log cabins and the frowning forests of this ex- treme frontier than tiie slight, dapper counselor, thirty-five years old, about five feet eight inches tall, highly educated, and having acquired in European travel not only a knowledge of the French language but a demonstrative affability of manner, described by Americans by the general title of "Prenchy." Yet so impartially were his bows and smiles distributed to all around, and so shrewd was his political man- agement, that important public trusts were soon con- fided to him, and he rose in no long time to the highest honors of the State. His first advancement was an appointment as lieutenant-colonel of the Trumbull-county militia regiment. 48 GENERAL HtSTORY OE CUYAHoaA COUNTY. Down to tliis time there had been no laws of any kind in the vicinity. There were no officials to enforce them, and in fact it had previously been some what doubt- ful whether the laws of the Noithwestern Territory applied to the Connecticut Reserve. For a wonder, there had been no cases of lynch-law, and there had been but a single instance of what might be called club-law — the row between Carter and the Indians. It might appear that there was now a prospect of more lively times, for in this year the first distillery in the present county was erected at Cleveland by David Bryant. This, however, was entirely a matter- of-conrse proceeding; a distillery being invariably one of the first institutions of a new settlement, and being generally erected by one of the most respecta- ble and responsible men in it. All the old chronicles speak enthusiastically of the grand celebration and ball in honor of the Fourth of July, in 1801. The writer was at first in doubt whether this should be iuchided in the general history of the county or be relegated to the more restricted details of Cleveland local annals. But after duly considering that it was the first Fourth-of-July cele- bration in tlie eonnty, (at least the first that has found its way into history,) and was likewise the first ball in the county, and was probably attended by almost all the citizens of the county, he has concluded to assign it a place among the county annals. Of the patriotic observances during the day no ac- count has been preserved, but the grand ball has been described in glowing terms. Gilman Bryant, one of the p:irticipants, has narrated, in a letter published by Colonel Wliittlesey, the appearance and mode of travel of himself and bis lady, in terms doubtless applicable with some modifications to many others of the guests. The youthful knight, only seventeen years old, waited on " Miss Doan, who had just arrived at Doan's Cor- ners four miles east of Cleaveland," and who was probably the daughter of Timothy Doan, who came thither tliat year but afterwards removed to Euclid. The lady was but fourteen years old. The cavaher attired himself gorgeously, in what he assures us was the prevailing mode; wearing a suit of gingham, a good, wool hat and a pair of substantial, brogan shoes. His long hair was bound behind in a queue about as long and as thick as an ordinary corn- cob, tied round with a yard and a half of black ribbon, below which the hair extended in a small tuft. Those were the days of powdered wigs among the gentry, and the youth came as near the genteel standard as be could by annointing his hair with tallow, and then sifting on it as much flour as he could make stick. Thus arrayed, he mounted a horse and rode out to his lady's mansion of logs. She climbed upon a stump, and be i-ode up beside it; she kirtled her calico dress about her waist to keep it clean, spread her under- petticoat on the horse's back, mounted, and clasped her cavalier about the waist to steady herself, and away they went in splendid style to the double log- house of Mr. Carter, on the brow of the hill at the west end of Superior street. Thither, too, came the whole elite of the Cuyahoga county which was to be. Wagons rolled in from the lake-washed shores of Euclid ; horsemen with dames behind them rode down from the mills of Mill creek, and young farmei-s came in high glee with their girls from the Kingsbury ridge, which had attracted so many settlers on account of its healthy location. No less than twenty gentlemen and fifteen ladies graced the festive occasion. John Wood, Benjamin Wood and R. H. Rlinn were the managers; Samuel Jones, afterwards quite noted as Major Jones, was the chief violinist and floor-manager. His ringing tones called off the figures in "Fisher's Hornpipe," "Hi, Betty Martin " and the '■' Virginia Reel," and cavaliers and dames, old and young, married and single, responded with a vigor which marked the rude floor with the dent of many a heavy brogan, while the rough ceiling was almost reached by the heads of some of the taller dancers. If their spirits flagged they were speedily renovated with a beverage concocted of whisky, water and maple sugar, and the 5th of July was well under way eie the jovial- revelers returned to their homes by means of the same primitive conveyances which had borne them to the scene of festivity. The first minister in the county, of whom there is any record, (aside from Seth Hart, whose business as superintendent of the Land Company was of a secular nature,) was the Reverend Joseph Badger, a mission- iiry from Connecticut, who came along the lake shore about the middle of August, 1801. After lodging at Carter's he and a companion crossed the Cuyahoga in a canoe, (leading their horses which swam the stream,) and then pursued the Indian path to Rocky river. There, while cutting brush, they were, as he says, saluted with a "sing," which on investigation proved to be that of a "large, yellow rattlesnake," which they immediately dispatched. In 1803, at the February term of the court of quar- ter-sessions for Trumbull county, it was ordered that the first town meeting of the township of Cleveland should be held at the house of James Kingsbury. It was accordingly so held, Rudolphus Edwards serving as chairman, and the following Officers were elected: town clerk, Nathaniel Doan ; trustees, Amos Spaf- ford, Timothy Doan and W. W. Williams ; apprais- ers of houses, Samuel Hamilton and Elijah Gun ; lister, Ebenezer Ayer : supervisors of highways, Sam- uel Huntington, Nathaniel Doan and Samuel Hamil- ton ; overseers of the poor, W. W. Williams and Samuel Huntington ; fence-viewers, Lorenzo Carter and Nathan Chapman ; constables, Ezekiel Hawley and Richard Craw. While Mr. Huntington's neighbors were thus elect- ing him to the honorable, but not very important, offices of supervisor of highways and overseer of the poor, Gov. St. Clair had in January appointed him one of the justices "of the quorum" for Trumbull county, and when the court of quarter sessions met, THE PEmoB PROM 1801 TO 1806. 49 although he was the jimior member, his attainments were such that all his colleagues gladly consented that he should act as chairman. This year an act was passed by Congress, providing for a convention to form a State constitution for Ohio. In November an election was held for members of the convention, and Mr. Huntington was chosen a delegate for Trumbull county. In the division of parties Mr. Huntington ranked himself among the Republicans, or followers of Jefferson, in opposition to the Federalists, who believed in the principles of Washington and Hamilton. The former party ere long took the name of " Democrat," which it has re- tained to the present time, while its own old name of "Republican" was adopted some twenty-five years ago by the new party formed to resist the ag- gressions of slavery. Mr. Huntington, however, was a moderate member of the Republican party, and the old Federalists, finding they had no chance of party success in Ohio, willingly contributed to the advance- ment of the ambitious Cleveiander, who thus mounted rapidly to high honors. In July, 1802, Mr. Badger again visited this part of the Reserve. In his account of his former journey he makes no mention of preaching within the limits of Cuyahoga county, but this year heprcached to the five families whom he found at Newburg, which name had already been given to the settlement around the mills on Mill creek. Even there, the reverend gentleman could find no apparent piety. In Cleve- land he states there were but two families, though we cannot make out less than three. In Euclid, al- together, there were four or five families. About this period the six townships, reserved as before stated for the general benefit of the Laud Com- pany, were put upon the market. The company was grievously disappointed at the results, for only very little land was sold and very low prices were obtained. "City lots" also fell from fifty dollars each in cash to twenty-five dollars on credit. Emigration, at least into this part of the Reserve, was very slow — slower than into almost any other newly opened portion of the United States since the Revolution. The reason is evident. Wlien the Connecticut L;ind Company made its great purchase, it was ex- pected that large numbers of emigrants would go to New Connecticut by way of Lake Erie. But ere long the great tract of several millions of acres in western New York, known as the Holland Purchase, was bought from the Indians and opened to settlement at low lates. Consequently no one would go through that tract and two hundred miles beyond, unless he could obtain land at i-uinously low prices. Add to that that in the early days this section had a pecu- liarly unfortunate reputation regarding feverand ague, and it is easy to see why settlement was extremely slow. Many of the Land Company were heavy losers by the speculation, and even the most fortunate gained but little immediate benefit. Those, however, who were able to make their payments to the State of Connecti- cut, and their numerous assessments to the company for necessary improvements, and to keep their prop- erty twenty or thirty years, either secured good in- vestments for their old age or left handsome estates to their children. In December, 1802, it being found impracticable to sell the six townships, they were divided by draft among the shareholders; thus dis- posing of all the Company's lands east of the Cuya- hoga, except a few city lots. After the adoption of the State constitution for Ohio, and the admission of the new State into the Union, Mr. Huntington, in the forepart of 1803, was elected a State senator for the county of Trumbull, and on the meeting of the first legislature he was made president of the senate. Even this rapid ad- vancement was not all; on the second day of April, 1803, he was appointed a judge of the supreme court. His commission was the first one emanating from the governor of the State of Ohio. Civilization steadily progressed; about this same time the first indictment against any one in the pre- sent Cuyahoga county was found by the grand jury of Trumbull county against our active friend, the landlord, constable and Indian-trader, Lorenzo Carter, for assault and battery on James Hamilton, of New- burg. The same year the legislature divided the State into four military districts; Trumbull county falling into the fourth district, (under Major-General Elijah Wadsworth, of Canfield,) which also embraced Col- umbiana aud Jefferson counties and included all that part of the State north of the south line of the latter county. It was also in this year, as near as can be ascer- tained, (some say 1802,) that the first murder of which there is any record took place in the county; though, as both the parties were Indians, it is not improbable that some similar transaction occurred here long be- fore any wliite man took the trouble to write about it. The crime sprang partly from superstition and partly from alcohol; the latter cause could not operate be- fore the advent of the whites, but the former had an open field before as well as after that epoch. Although, as before stated, there were but two or three families at Cleveland, yet there were several persons, without families, in active business there. David Bryant was running his distillery, Elisha Nor- ton aud David Clark were trading with the Indians, and a Scotchman named Alexander Campbell also built a small trading-house for the same purpose. This little cluster of cabins around the distillery, under tlie hill, formed a constant attraction for both Indians and squaws, especially at the time of their annual return from their hunting expeditions up the river. The squaws bought the gaudiest calicos they could find and scarfs of the brightest hues, and were not averse while trading to exchanging amorous glances with the traders, who were great men because they had so much calico. The warriors, more simple in their desires, bought whisky. 50 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Among the Indians who frequented the little gronp of cabins was a Seneca, called by the whites "Big Son," a brother of a chief named Stigwanish; the latter being a person of considerable influence, to whom was given the distinctive appellation of Seneca — he being considered the especial representative of that powerful Iroquois tribe, of whom only a few were settled in this section. Big Son's wife fell sick, and he employed as her physician a "medicine-man " be- longing to the Oliippewa tribe, whose name was Menompsy — generally abbreviated by the whites to " Nobsy." The sqnaw died and the disconsolate hus- band attributed her death to the medicine-man. Big Son made some threats, but he was generally consid- ered a coward, even by his brother, Stigwanish, who had treated him with great coldness in consequence, and it was not supposed there would be any serious results. Late one afternoon Menompsy was in Carter's tav- ern, when the subject of Big Son's threats was intro- duced. " Me no fraid," said the medicine man; "me charmed — no ball, no knife can kill me. See!" he exclaimed, throwing open his blanket and displaying several ugly scars on various parts of his body, " see where Indian cut me; another Indian shoot me, and me no dead man yet — me no dead man yet.* Shortly afterwards he went down to one of the trading-houses at the foot of the hill. There he met Big Son, whose grief for his defunct spouse had been greatly stimulated by deep potations of Bryant's fiery whisky. A fierce altercation ensued, in wliich the Seneca renewed his threat and Menompsy again re- peated: "Me no 'fraid — me no 'fraid." They Avent out of the store together, and ascended the path which wound up the bluff, where Union lane had been laid out and now runs. It was then becoming quite dark. When partly up the hill Big Son held out his hand, as if to shake hands in token of reconciliation. The same instant he drew his knife and plunged it into the side of the unguarded medi- cine-man. The latter fell to the ground, while the 'Seneca speedily made his way to the encampment of his brethren, below Carter's. An outcry was raised, and several white men came running to the scene — among them Mr. Cartel-. The wounded man looked up in his face, saying: "Me dead man now — yes, Nobsy broke now," and soon afterwards expired. In a short time some Cldppeiuas took up the body and carried it across the river. There a grand pow- wow was held over it, and yells of revenge resounded through the forest hour after hour. The whites on the east side were in extreme fear lest the savage Chifpewas should attempt revenge on the small num- ber of Senecas, in which case the settlers were liable to be assailed m the drunken rage of the two parties. The next morning the Chijuoewa warriors were seen ♦This part of the account is derived from Mrs. Miles, before men- tioned, who heard it from her uncle, Major Carter, immediately after the murder. with their faces painted black in token of war, while it was not doubted that the Ottavms would stand by their friends against the arrogant Iroquois. Messrs. Carter and SpafEord interposed, and after some negotiations the wrathful Chippewas were in- duced to forego their vengeance on very reasonable terms; to wit, in consideration of a gallon of whisky, which Bryant was to make for them that day. It was agreed, however, that the Indians should remove their fallen brother to Rocky river before going through with the funeral ceremonies; as it was rightly supposed that an Indian "wake " at Cleveland, under the existing circumstances, might be even more dan- gerous than a declaration of war. For awhile the warriors waited patiently for the expected whisky. But Mr. Bryant, who happened to be busy at something else, with singular recklessness neglected to manufacture the promised peace-offering, and toward night the savages became more wrathy than before. They departed for their camp across the river, muttering threats of vengeance, which this time distinctly included the faithless whites. They were again followed by the principal men of the settlement, who solemnly promised that in view of their disappointment the amount of the peace-offering should be doubled, and they should certainly receive two gallons of whisky the next day. This time Bryant did not fail to perform, and the Chippeivas obtained their consolation in time to remove the body to Rocky river the second day after the murder, accompanied by their friends, the Ottawas. When the mournful but fantastic procession passed out of sight into the western woods, the whites breathed much more freely than they had during the previous forty-eight hours. Meanwhile the murderer and his brother Senecas do not appear to have troubled themselves much about the threats of the western Indians; apparently relying on the valor and warlike skill which pertained to them as a fraction of the all-conquering Iroquois. No one seems to have doubted that they would have defended Big Son against any attempt at vengeance on the part of the Gliippewas. So far from being detested as a murderer by his countrymen, the lately despised coward had suddenly become a hero in their eyes. The treacherous method in which vengeance was taken did not affect the glory of the deed, and Stigwanish promptly received his brother into high consideration. Early in 1804 we find the first movement made to organize the militia of this section; an event at that time of considerable importance. The "trainings" were holidays attended by the whole population, and to be a captain or major of militia added in no slight degree to the consequence of the fortunate official. On the sixth of April Major-General Wadsworth issued an order dividing his district into two brigade-dis- tricts, the second of which consisted of Trumbull county. This again was subdivided into two regi- mental districts, the first of which embiaced all that part of the county north of the north line of town- ship five in the several ranges; that is, north of North- THE PERIOD FROM 1801 TO 1806. 51 field, Twinsburg, etc., and including all of the present Cuyahoga county east of the river, together witli Lake, Ashtabula, Geauga and part of Trumbull coun- ties. It contained eight company districts, the fourth of which comprised the civil township of Cleveland; the boundaries whereof at that time have already been described. By the same order the com- panies were directed to hold elections on the second of May following, at which the members of each were to choose their own company officers. Accordingly, on the appointed day the members of the fourth company, first regiment, second brig- ade, fourth division, Ohio State militia, assembled at the house of James Kingsbury for the purpose Just mentioned. James Kingsbury, Nathaniel Doan and Benjamin Gold were elected judges. There was a hot contest for the honors of the day, but the judges decided and certified that Lorenzo Carter was duly elected captain, Natlianiel Doan lieutenant, and Samuel Jones "ensign;" the latter officer corresponding to a second lieutenant at the present time. A protest was, however, put on record by eight voters, including several leading citizens, requesting the major-general to set aside the election. They alleged that persons under eighteen, and others not liable to military duty, had voted for the successful men, as well as some who did not reside in the town- ship. They also declared Carter ineligible, firstly because he had given spirituous liquors to the voters, and secondly because he had frequently threatened to set the savages on the inhabitants. The first charge, considering the customs of the period, may be taken for granted without any evidence, but the latter is so preposterous, in i-egard to a man as popular as Carter evidently was, that it may safely be peremptorily rejected. Very likely, however, the loud-voiced cap- tain, who, in modern phrase, " talked a good deal with his mouth," may have used some jesting ex- pression in his convivial moments, which could be distorted into such a threat. The prayer of the pro- test was not granted by tlie major-general, and in the following August Captain Carter was elected major of the regiment; thus receiving the title by which he was known the remainder of his life. In this year the sloop "Cuyahoga Packet," of twenty tons, was built at the mouth of Chagrin river; being the first sail vessel erected in this part of the country, though built just outside the present limits of the county. The other vessels of American build at this time running on the lake were the " Washington," of sixty tons, the "Harlequin," the "Good Intent," the "Adams," the "Tracy," the " Wilkinson " and the "Contractor." There were also some vessels of Canadian build. The most imi)ortant event of the year 1805 was the making of a treaty, extinguishing the Indian right of occupancy to that part of the Reserve west of the Cuyahoga river. The first council was agreed to be held at Cleveland, and was to be attended not only by the western Indians but by a deputation from the Six Nations, who still kept up a kind of shadowy claim to the lands, even west of the Cuyahoga, over which they had once marched as conquerors. Accordingly in June thirty Iroquois chiefs, accom- panied by their interpreter, Jasper Parrish, came to Cleveland to attend the council. The commissioner for the United States, under whose auspices the whole business was conducted, was Colonel Charles Jewctt, k large, powerful man, to whom the Indians looked up with the respect they seldom refuse to gi'eat physical strength. The representatives of the Connecticut Land Company were General Henry Champion, the first president of the company, Oliver Phelps, and Gideon Granger, postmaster-general; while the proprietors of the Fire Lands were repren- sented by Roger A. Sherman, a distinguished Connec- ticut lawyer, J. Mills and William Dean. For some unknown reason, but probably to enhance the price of their lands by appearing to hold back, the western Indians neglected to come to Cleveland according to their previous agreement. After wait- ing a few days, the commissioners sought out the chiefs of the Chippetvas and Ottawas, who, with a show of reluctance, finally agreed to meet in council with the whites, at what was called Ogontz' Place, now Sandusky City. The usual ceremonies and speech-making were there gone through with, result- ing at length, on the 4th of July, 1805, in the cession by all the Indians of their right to that part of the Reserve west of the Cuyahoga, including the Fire Lands. It was said, at the time, that after the signing of the treaty many of the warriors wept at the thought that they must now yield up their ancient hunting-grounds. A barrel of whisky was however dealt out to them, which doubtless soon caused their tears to disappear. By the treaty, the proprietors of the Fire Lands and the Connecticut Land Company jointly agreed to pay the Indians seven thousand dollars in cash, and twelve thousand dollars more in six equal annual payments. The United States government also agreed to pay the interest on thirteen thousand seven hund- red dollars forever, to the Wyandots, the Mimsees, and to those ISenecas actually occupying the land. The Cliipimiuas and Ottawas appear to have had no share in the latter payment. William Dean, one of the commissioners, reported the expense of the treaty, aside from the payments, to be about five thousand dollars. This included rum, tobacco, bread, meat, presents, " expenses of se- raylio," and commissions of agents and contractors. Meanwhile the seven thousand dollars in. silver, pro- vided by the proprietors to make the first payment on the land, came through from Pittsburg in a wagon, by way of Warren to Cleveland, under the escort of seven resolute men, among whom was Major Carter. At Cleveland it was shipped on boats, and taken to Sandusky. It arrived there the day the treaty was signed, and the next day, together with an ample GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. supply of inferior presents, was distributed among the Indians. During- tliis year tlie first ])ust-ofRce in the county was established at Cleveland, and on the 3;Jnd of October Elisha Norton was appointed postmaster. The same year the collection-district of Erie was established; eral)racing the whole southern shore of Lake Brie, with hoadiiuarters at Erie, Pennsylvania. Previous to this time there has been no collection of revenues along the lake; the amount of trade being too small to justify the expense. The mouth of the Cuyahoga, was made a port of entry at the same time, to be under the charge of an assistant collector. John Walworth, of Painesville, was appointed to that office, and soon after removed to Cleveland. Another event of the year, showing the gradual spread of the population into the wilderness, was the first settlement in survey township number eight, in range ten, now the civil township of Mayfleld. On the2i)th of May, 1805, another military election was held for the same company before mentioned, which, however, was now designated as -the seventh company of the second battalion; the regiment, brig- ade and division remaining as before. Nathaniel Doan was elected captain in place of Carter, promoted to major of the battallion. Samuel Jones was chosen "leuftenant" (as the record says) and Sylvanus Bark (of Euclid) ensign. The judges were Major Carter, W. W. Williams and William Erwhi. The whole number of votes present was thirty, twenty-nine of whom voted for Doan and Jones; each of the worthy candidates declining to vote for himself. Sylvanus Burk, however, received but twenty-four votes; the other six- soing to Bzekiel Hawley, or Holley, as the name was sometimes spelled. As the list of voters at this election comprised nearly all the males between eigiiteen and forty-five then in the county, we transcribe it from Col. Whit- tlesey's work, although the orthography of some of the names is a little doubtful. It is as follows: Jack P. Mason, David Kellogg, Ebenezer Charter, Jacob Coleman, Benjamin Warder, Daniel Parkei', Cliristo- fer Gun, William Coleman, John Doan, Thomas Thomas, Henry Norton, Harry Gun, Jonathan Hub- bard, iSIasou Clerk, Nathan Chapman, Neheniiah Dille Timothy Doan, Seth Doan, Steven Gilbert, Samuel Hurst, Richard Blin, Bpetary Rogers, Samuel Jones, Nathaniel Doan, William Erwin, Benjamin Wood, Sylvanus Burk, Samuel Dille, Meage Deta, Charles Prard. On the -^st of December, of this year, the county of Geauga was formed from Trumbull by act of the leg- islature. It embraced all that part of the present Cuvahoga county east of the river, and all west as far as the west line of range fourteen; that is, the west line of Rockport, Middleburg and Strongsville. The present townships of Dover and Olmstead still re- mained nominally attached to Trumbull county. The act did not go into operation until March, 1806. The seat of justice of the new county was fixed at Ohardon, where it is still located. This was more convenient than Warren, but was still very unsatisfac- tory to the people near the mouth of the Cuyahoga, who were patiently expecting a great city to grow up at that point, and thouglit it inconsistent with the general fitness of things that they should journey nearly thirty miles, to an interior village, to settle their quarrels or record their deeds. So they made strenu- ous efforts to promote the organization of a county extending on both sides of the Cuyahoga, the natural focus of which should be near the mouth of that stream. Soon after the cession by the Indians of that part of the Reserve west of the Cuyahoga, Messrs. Abram Tappen and Aaron Sessions obtained a contract for surveying it into townships. They and their twelve employees met at Cleveland on the 15th day of May, 1806, to commence their work. The United States government had directed Seth Pease, then assistant postmaster-general, to survey the south line of the Reserve. Tappen and Sessions waited several days for him to come to Cleveland, but as he did not do so they proceeded without him; running their meridians so far south, that Pease's line would be sure to cross them. Pease did not begin his work until the 24th of June, when the meridians were nearly finished. The same system was pursued on the west side as on the east; the townships being laid off five miles square, the best being taken as a standard, and some of the others l)eing divided and added to the remaiu- der to bring them up to that standard. An equalizing committee, on behalf of the proprietors, went with the surveyors. It was while this survey was going on that the cele- brated total eclipse of June 16, 1806, occurred; the day becoming in the forest as dark as night itself, and giving the Indians cause to think they had offended the Great Spirit by selling the homes of their fathers to the intruding white men. Amos Spallord, of Cleveland, and Almon Rnggles, of Huron, were authorized by the Connecticut Land Company and the proprietors of the Fire Lands to run the line between their respective tracts. This being done, there remained, as near as could be ascertained, eight hundred and twenty-nine thousand acres west of the Cuyahoga for the Connecticut Land Company. Early in the spring of this year, 1806, an event occurred which, though affecting but a few persons, is so typical of the hardships of the pioneer days, when those who met with misfortune often failed of rescue on account of the sparseness of the population, that we have thought best to repeat it in the general history of the county. A man named Hunter, his wife and child, a colored man named Ben, and a small colored boy, who were moving to Cleveland from the settlements in Michigan in a small boat, were surprised on the lake by a heavy gale. They were driven ashore a short distance east of Rocky river. Unable to ascend the high, perpendicular ir(^f^^ (T^ THE PERIOD FROM 1807 TO 1813. 53 bluff, they all climbed up the rocks as far as they conld, and there they waited with the cold waters of the lake beating continuously over them, hoping and praying that some chance traveler on the blufl above them might hear their cries, or some passing vessel might afford them relief. But no traveler came through the darksome forest, and, as the storm increased, all vessels remained within the protection of the harbors. They wore wrecked on Friday. On Saturday the storm grew more violent, and the two children per- ished from the chilling effect of the waters which washed over them. On Sunday Mrs. Hunter suc- cumbed to the same augry element and expired. On Monday her husband, exhausted by cold and hunger, also died, leaving the colored man, Ben, clinging alone to the wreck and breasting the storm, which, however, was now abating. Still another night he remained in his terrible position. On Tuesday some- French traders, who had started in a boat from Cleve- land for Detroit, saw poor Ben on his dismal perch, took him on board, turned about and carried him back to Cleveland. They left him at the tavern of Major Carter, who treated him with the generosity he usually bestowed on outcasts of every description. Ben's toes were frozen so that they came off, and the terrible sufferings he had undergone brought on the rheumatism, which twisted his limbs out of shajje, so that he was hardly able to crawl around throughout the whole of the succeeding season. In the special history of Cleveland will be found an account of the after adventures of Major Carter, poor Ben and his Kentucky master. Another sad adventure of the year 1806 was the loss of the schooner "Washington," though only slight- ly connected with this county. It received one of the first clearances from the new port at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, sailed out upon the lake and was never heard of more. CHAPTER X. THE PERIOD FKOM 1807 TO 1812. Formation of Cuyahoga County — Its Boundaries— Still attached to Geauga— Murder of Mohawk and Nicksaw— Excitement in this Coun- ty—Demand of Stigwanish for Justice— "Snow cannot lie"— De- scripiion of Stigwanish— Scheme to open Rivers and make Portage Road- A Lottery authorized for that Purpose— Fine Promises— No Performance— Draft of Land west of Cuyahoga -Judge Huntington elected Governor— Another Disaster— Wrecked under a Bluff- A Son's Bravery— A Difficult Rescue- Numerous Deaths by Drowning— Cleve- land made the Seat of Justice of Cuyahoga— A Primitive Bill for Serv- ices—A United States Senator from Cuyahoga County— An Early Mail Route —Carrying the Mail under Difficulties- Organization of the Coun- ty—First Officers— Huron County attached to Cuyahoga— The First Court-Census of 1810— First Physician— First Practicing Attorney- Fears of Indian Hostilities— Extension of the Western Bounds of Cuyahoga— Increased Excitement regarding War— A Murder by In- dians-Trial of Omic— His Bravado after Conviction— Mrs. Long's Fright -The Execution— Major Jones's Perplexity— Omic's Terror— A Bargain to be hung for Whisky -More Trouble— More Whisky— Hung at last— Removal of the Body— Declaration of War. Wb begin this chapter with an actual Cuyahoga county, ia place of " the territory of Cuyahoga coun- ty," which has hitherto been the scene of our story. On the 10th day of February, 1807, the legislature passed an act creating three new counties — Ashtabula, Portage and Cuyahoga. The latter included all that part of Geauga county west of the east line of range ten — that is, the east line of Solon, Orange, May field and Willoughby, then called Chagrin. Both east and west of the river the southern boundary of the counly was the same as now, but the western boundary ran along the westei'ii side of range fourteen (Strongsvilie, Middlcburg and Rockpoi't). In short the boundaries of the county were the same on its first formation as now, except that it included Willoughby, now in Lake county, and excluded Dover and Olmstead. It was left attached to (leauga county for judicial purposes until it should be organized by the due appointment of othcers, which was not until three years later. About the time of the formation of the county the people became greatly excited over events which al- most portended an Indian war. In the latter part of January an Indian called John Mohawk killed a white man named Daniel Diver near Hudson — now Summit county. Two of Diver's friends named Darrovv and Williams determined to avenge the murder. Finding a Seneca Indian named Nicksaw in the woods, and either believing him to be the murderer, or not caring whether he was or not, they came upon him without a word of warning and shot him dead in his tracks. Major Carter and Mr. Campbell, the trader, went with the chief Stigwanish and buried the slain Indian; all agreeing that the snow showed no ajipearance of combat or resistance. It was soon ascertained beyond doubt that it was not Nicksaw but John Mohawk who had killed Diver. Then the whites were anxious that Mohawk should be demanded from the Indians and punished for his crime. At the same time it was suggested by some of the leading men that Darrow and Williams should be arrested and punished for their crime. But their neighbors bitterly opposed this, and threatened death to any officer who should attempt to arrest them. The excitement spread ii;to this county, where some of the whites were opposed to the arrest of Darrow and Williams, while others looked askance at the In- dians still encamped across the river from Clevehind, and were anxious above all else for a course which would keep the peace with those few but dangerous enemies. On the tenth of February Judge Huntington Avroto to General Wadsworth that he had seen Stigwanish, (or Seneca as he was commonly called) the same chief befoi-e mentioned as the brother of " Big Son," and who was usually regarded as the head of all the Sene- cas in this section. Seneca said he wanted justice for both sides. He was not content to see all the power of the whites used to inflict punishment of John Mo- hawk, while they were asfoejj regarding the murder of an innocent Indian. He offered to deliver up Mohawk when the slayers of Nicksaw were secured. Referring to the fact, to which Carter and Campbell certified, 54 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. that there was no evidence of resistance on the part of Nicksaw, Seneca said: "White man may lie — Indian may lie — snow can- not lie." He declared he did not want war, but did want jus- tice. The result of the whole excitement was that neither party obtained justice; Mohawk was not given up by the Indians and the murderers of Nicksaw were not punisiied by the whites. The chief Stigwanish, or Seneca, was much re- spected by the whites. General Paine lauded him in extravagant terms as having the honesty of Aristides, the dignity of a Roman senator and the benevolence of William Penn. Unlike the average " noble red man," he never asked for a gift, and when one was voluntarily made to him he would always return it by another of equal value. The general also stated that he abjured all spirituous liquors, but was obliged to add that this abstinence was caused by his having, in a drunken fury, split open the head of his infant child with a tomahawk, while aiming a deadly blow at his squaw, on whose back the child was strapped. It is difficult, after learning this, to look with very intense admiration upon the general's hero. Stigwanish was killed in Holmes county in 1816, by a white man who said that the chief had fired upon him; so we are left in doubt whether the benevolent and senatorial Seneca had not relapsed into his former habits. About this time a scheme was set on foot to clear the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas rivers of logs and other obstructions, so as to make them passable for large boats, and at tlie same time to construct a good wagon road over the portage between the two streams ; thus forminga continuous communication for heavy freight between Lake Erie and the Ohio river. As was cus- tomary in those days, the legislature was called on to authorize a lottery in order to raise the needed cash. It was rare indeed that any important public work was attempted in the forepart of the [iresent century without a lottery being organized to provide the whole or a part of the funds. ' In this case the managers were authorized to issue twelve thousand tickets, at five dollars each; making a total of sixty-four thousand dollars. This was done, and in return they offered one jirize of five thousand dollars; two of two thousand five hundred each; five of one thousand each; ten of five hundred each; fifty of a hundred each; a hundred of fifty each, and three thousand four hundred of ten dollars each. This made the total amount of the prize? sixty-four thou- sand dollars; just the value of all the tickets. A deduction of twelve and a half per cent., however, was to be made from the various prizes, which, supiDosing that all the tickets were sold, would furnish eight thousand dollars with which to pay the expenses of the lottery, clear out the rivers and build the portage road. This does not appear like a very liberal allow- ance, considering the amount likely to be swallowed up by the expenses of the lottery and the probability that many tickets would be left unsold; so that, aside from the moral qualities of the scheme, it does not impress one very favorably regarding the business shrewdness of our primeval financiers. Twelve commissioners were appointed by the legis- ature to conduct the enterprise, of whom six were from this county. These were Hon. Samuel Hunt- ington, judge of the supreme court (who, however, removed to Painesville the same year), Major Amos Spafford, Hon. John Walworth, Major Lorenzo Car- ter, James Kingbury, Esq., and Timothy Doan, Esq. Hon. John Walworth, of Cleveland, was appointed general agent. Agents for the sale of tickets were also appointed in Zanesville, Steubenville, Albany, New York, Hartford and Boston, who were authorized to i)ay prizes in those places — when they should be drawn. But, despite the list of civil and military notables concerned in the scheme, that time never came. It was found impossible to sell more than a fourth of the tickets. The drawing was postponed from time to time in the hope of an increase ol funds, and even as late.as 1811 was still expected to take place. Fi- nally, however, it was entirely given up and the money already paid in was returned, without interest, to the purchasers of tickets. Thus ended the first scheme of internal improvement connected with Cuy- ahoga county. On the second day of April in this year took place the "draft" of the Land Company's land west of the Cuyahoga; that is, the townships were distributed by lot among groups of owners, who thereupon received deeds from the trustees. The subdivision of the townships into lots by the owners was still to be made before the work of settlement could well commence. Although, as before stated. Judge Huntington re- moved to Painesville (now Lake county) this year, yet he was so thoroughly identified with the early history of Cuyahoga county as to make it eminently proper to notice the fact that in the autumn of 1807 he was elected governor of Ohio, in place of Hon. Edward Tiffin, appointed United States senator. Mr. Tiffin was the first executive of the State, having been elected for a second term, and so it happened that the second governor of Ohio was a gentleman whose home for six years had been among the forests, the wolves and the log-cabins of Cuyahoga county. It must be added that Judge H. probably left Cleveland because he despaired of its future. Ague, ague, ague, was the cry of all who came to the mouth of the Cuyahoga, and ten years after its settlement Cleveland had not probably over thirty inhabita.nts. This condition of the only port where there was a good harbor discouraged immigrants at the very threshold of the county, and naturally retarded set- tlement in the back townships, though we cannot learn that these were any worse in regard to sickness than the rest of northern Ohio. Governor Huntington served one term as chief magistrate of the State. He afterwards resided on his farm near Painesville until his death. THE PERIOD FROM 1807 TO 1812. 55 Early in the spring of 1808 occurred another of the sad events so frequent in the early annals of the county. Stephen Gilbert, one of the two first con- stables of the county Joseph Plumb, Adolphus Spaf- ford, (son of Major Amos) and Gillmore, started on a bateau from Cleveland on a fishing expedition to the Maumee river. A colored woman called Mary was also on board the boat as a passenger, intending to stop at Black river, where Major Nathan Perry "was keeping a trading-house, and where some goods be- longing to him were to be put on shore. A Mr. White, of Newburg, and two sons of Joseph Plumb, who had expecbed to go on the boat but were too late, took the Indian trail to Black river, expecting to get on board there. In tlie western part of the present town of Dover, hearing cries of distress, they looked down to the foot of the bluff, and saw sixty feet beneath them the boat in which their friends had set sail, bottom side up, while near it was the elder Ml-. Plumb, the sole survivor of the crew. He told them that the boat had capsized a mile from shore. The woman was drowned at once. All the others ex- cept Plumb were good swimmers and had struck out for shore, but the water was so cold that one after another their strength failed them and they sank to rise no more. Plumb, being unable to swim, got astride the boat and was thus driven ashore. He was seriously hurt, however, and was scarcely able to move, on account of his immersion in the extremely cold water of the lake. His friends hardly knew what to do, as he could not climb up the almost perpendicular bluff and they could not get down to him. It was quickly decided, however, that Mr. White and one of the young men should hasten on to Black river, some twelve miles distant, to obtain aid and ropes, while the other son remained to comfort his father. The latter was so overcome with cold, and so discouraged by the circum- stances in which he found himself, that the young man determined to reach him at all hazards. Climbing part- ly down the bluff he found an ironwood sapling whicii grew out partly over the beach. Young Plumb crawled upon this to the outermost bushes, and the tough ironwood bent far down beneath his weight. Suspending himself by his hands to the lowest-reach- ing branches, the brave young man finally let go, dropping over twenty feet to the sandy beach below, and fortunately escaping unhurt. He made his father as comfortable as possible, and together they awaited the coming of aid. Darkness came on and still no relief appeared. At length, when the night was well advanced, shouts were heard and lights were seen on the bluff above. White and young Plumb had returned, accompanied by Major Perry and Quintus P. Atkins, who probably comprised the whole male population at Black river at that time. They brought ropes and lanterns, but their task was still one of considerable difficulty. The elder Mr. Plumb weighed some two hundred and twenty pounds, and it was no easy task to raise him by sheer strength up that sixty-feet bluff. How- ever, one end of the rope was made fast to a tree, the other was let down to the men below, and fastened by young Plumb under his father's arms. The four men above then began to "haul in," and by exerting their united strength finally landed the old gentleman at the top of the bluff ; he and they being alike almost exhausted by the operation. The young man was then drawn up with comparative ease. Such were the dangers from the turbulent lake and the rock bound coast that out of the eighteen deaths of residents of Cleveland, occurring during the twelve first years of the settlement, no less than eleven were by drowning. It will be seen that, notwithstanding the evil reputation of the locality as to health, there was not a very large proportion of deaths by disease. In fact the ague seldom killed; it only made people wish they wei-e dead. In the spring of 1809 a commission was appointed by the State to select a location for the seat of justice of Cuyahoga county. The only place besides Cleve- land which had serious claims to this honor was Newburg, which had as large a population as the former village, or larger, and was a much more healthy and thriving locality. Ilowevei-, the position at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, with its possibilities of future greatness, carried the day in spite of the ague, and Cleveland was duly selected. The time employed by the commissioners and the salary paid them are both shown by the following extract from the bill presented by one of the honorable commissioners, from Colum- biana county, which also gives a hint of the orthog- raphy often practiced among the officials of the day: "A Leven Days, Two Dollars per day, Twenty-two dollars. " In an accompanying letter to Abraham Tappen the commi.5sionor requested that he present the bill to the " Nixt Cort," by whicli he would much oblige "your humble Sarvent." In the spring of 1809 another citizen of Cuyahoga county was elevated to distinguished honors. Hon. Stanley Griswold, who had been secretary of the Ter- ritory of Michigan under Governor Hall, had resigned that position and located himself at " Doan's Corners," four miles east of Cleveland village. He was a man of marked ability and when, in the forepart of 1809, Mr. Tiffin resigned his seat as United States senator. Governor Huntington appointed Mr. Griswold to fill his place. In a letter written about this time the new senator expressed the opinion that this would be a good loca- tion for a physician; there being none in the county, and none of any eminence within fifty miles. Still, he said, a doctor would have to keep school a part of the time in order to make a living, until there was a larger population. Senator Griswold only served dur- in"- the remainder of one session, but it is somewhat remarkable that Cuyahoga county should have fur- nished a State governor and a United States senator before it possessed a doctor. 50 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. The contract for carrying the mail through a wide region was at this time held by Joseph Burke, of Euclid, whose two sous were tlic mail carriers ; one of them having been the late Gains Burke of Newburg. The route was from Cleveland to Hudson, Ravenna, Deerficld, Warren, Mesopotamia, Windsor, Jefferson, Austinburg, Harpersfield, Painesvillc, aud thence back to Cleveland. This was the only route any part of which was in Cuyahoga county, except the main line to the west along the lake shore, and Cleveland still possessed the only post-office in the county. Mr. Gains Burke, in a letter on tile among the ar- chives of the Historical Society, says that the road was underbrushed most of the way, but there were no bridges, and streams and swamps were numerous. In the summer the two youngsters by turns carried the mail on horseback, but when wet weather came in the spring and fall they had to trudge on foot; the roads being too bad to be traveled on horseback, much less with a wagon. On reaching streams the carrier sometimes crossed in a canoe or on a raft, kept thei-e for the accommodation of travelers. Sometimes he got astride a convenient piece of flood-wood and pad • died obliquely to the opposite shore. And sometimes, in default of any of these resources, he waded the stream, or, if it was too deep for that, plunged boldly in and swam across, keeping his little bag of letters above his head as best ho might. The population v/as still extremely sparse; there being spaces five, ten or even fifteen miles in width without a single house. At length, in May, 1810, Cuyahoga county was duly organized by the appointment of the proper of- ficers, and began its indei^endent existence. The first officers were Hon. Benjamin Ruggles, presiding judge of the court of common pleas; Nathan Perry, Sr., A. Gilbert and Timothy Doan, associate judges; John Walworth, clerk; and Smith S. Baldwin, sheriff. At this time Huron county, which was still unorganized, was attached to Cuyahoga county for judicial aud legislative purposes, as was also a tract between the two counties, which appears to have been left outside of any county boundaries. The first court was held at the newly erected store of Elias and Harvey Mur- ray, in Cleveland. One indictment was presented for petit larceny, several for selling whisky to Indians, and others for selling foreign goods without license. By the United .States census of this year the popu- lation of the county was found to be one thousand four hundred and ninety-five, a considerable portion of whom, however, resided in " Chagrin " or Wil- loughby, which has since been transferred to Lake county. The remainder of the settlers were in what is now Cleveland, Eixst Cleveland, Euclid, Mayfield, Newburg, Independence and Brooklyn, with a very few m Middleburg. It was not until 1810 that a physician became a permanent resident of Cuyahoga county; this was I)r. David Long, a native of Washington county, Ndw York, who then settled at Cleveland, where he prac- ticed his profession throughout a long and useful life. Alfred Kelley, Esq., who was admitted to the bar and made prosecuting attorney of the district on the 7th of November, 1810, at the age of twenty-one, was the first practicing lawyer in the county, Mr. Hunt- ington's time having been entirely occupied by other duties. During this year the people became much excited by the rumors of Indian war from the "West, where Tecumseh and his brother, "the Prophet," were en- deavoring to unite all the widely scattered tribes from the Gulf of Mexico to the great lakes in a league against the ever-encroaching Americans. War, too, was anticipated between the United States and Great Britain, and a decided feeling of uneasiness spread over the whole frontier. Although there were scattered settlements from Cuyahoga county west- ward along the lake shore to the Maumee, yet back from the lake nearly the whole country was still an unbroken forest or an uninhabited prairie from the Cuyahoga river to the Pacific ocean, and there was nothing improbable in Tecumseh and his savage fol- lowers making a raid among the scattered inhabitants of Cuyahoga county. In 1811 the fears of the people were again aroused by an earthquake, which gave a perceptible shock, and which was thought by many to portend some dire disaster. But ere long came the news of the battle of Tippecanoe, in which the warriors of the great league were totally defeated by the American troops under General Harrison. Then, for a time, the people rested free from the fears of Indian invasion. By an act passed on the 25th day of January of this year, (1811,) the western boundary of the county, which as defined by the act creating it was the same as the western boundary of the present townships of Strongsville, Middleburg and Rockport, was car- ried from ten to fifteen miles farther west. Begin- ning at the southwest corner of the present township of Eaton, Lorain county, (township five, range six- teen,) the new line ran thence north to the north- west corner of that township; thence west to the middle of Black river, and thence down the center of that stream to the lake. The tract thus united to Cuyahoga county consisted of the present townships of Dover and Olmstead, which have ever since re- mained in it, and the townships of Avon, Ridgeville, Columbia and Eaton, aud parts of Sheffield and Elyria, now in Lorain county. Despite of Indian troubles, emigration was still flow- ing south and west, and in this year township five, range twelve, now known as Brecksville, was subdi- vided into lots ready for settlement. During the forepart of 1812 the excitement on the frontier became intense; for it was known that the question of declaring war was being continuously de- bated in Congress, and no one knew at what moment its fury might bo unchained. This locality was one of peculiar danger; for not only were the Indians threatening massacre a short distance to the westward but the whole broadside of the county lay open to ^.AM^u^^ THE PERIOD EROM 1807 TO 1812. 57 Lake Erie, aud on Lake Erie the Britisli had several armed vessels while the Americans had none. The prevailing uneasiness was increased by the mur- der of two white men by three Indians in Huron county, although the crime was committed solely to obtain the furs of the victims, and had no connection with any general hostile movement. The people of the vicinity, discovering the bones of the victims be- neath the ashes of their cabin, which the Indians had fired, turned out in pursuit and captured all three of the murderers, with the property of the murdered men in their possession. One of them, a mere boy, was allowed to escape. Another, named Semo, after he was arrested placed the muzzle of his gun under his chin, pulled the trigger with his toe and instantly killed himself. The third was a young Indian who had lived in the vicinity of Cleveland, and was com- monly called Omic, and sometimes as John Omic, to distinguish him from his father who was known as Old Omic. He wsis only about twenty-one years old, very hardy and athletic, and already well known for his vicious disposition; having several times committed offenses, some of which are related in the history of Cleveland city, in this work. Huron county being attached to Cuyahoga for judi- cial purposes, Omic was brought hither for trial, and the subsequent proceedings in his case are perhaps more clearly remembered by the few survivors of that period, and are more fully detailed in history, than any other events occurring here dui-ing the first quarter of this century. There being neither court-house nor jail, the criminal was confined in Major Clarke's ball-room, in charge of the worthy major himself, who was duly deputized for the purpose. He had more influence with the Indians than any one else in the county, and it was doubtless thought there would be less danger of an outbreak on their part if the culprit were under his charge than otherwise. Strong irons were placed on Omic's ankles and fastened by a chain to a joist. Mrs. Miles, before mentioned, tells of going to see him there, and talking with him. She had been well acquainted with him before he committed his crime, as indeed had almost every one in the vicinity. On the trial Alfred Kelley, the prosecuting attorney and the only lawyer in this county, appeared for the peo- ple, and Peter Hitchcock was assigned as counsel for the prisoner. The evidence of his guilt was clear, the jury brought in a verdict of guilty, and the court sentenced Omic to be hung on the 36th day of June, 1813. After his conviction the culprit talked with great unconcern of the coming execution. He declared that he would show the pale faces how an Indian could die. They need not tie his hands. He would jump off the gallows when his time came without hesitation. Down to the last there was more or less fear of rescue by the Indians, many of whom were always around Cleveland. Old Omic, shortly before the execution, came into the house of Dr. Long on Water street, Cleveland, no one being there except Mrs. Long and her infant child (now Mrs. Severance) who was sleeping in the cradle. The Indian picked up a gun which was standing in the room. Mrs. Long instantly imagined that he was about to kill her or the child, in revenge for the expected execution of his son. Snatching the babe from the cradle, she ran at full speed up Water street, screaming with all her might, while Omic, having laid down the gun, followed more slowly, trying to explain himself in broken English to the panic-stricken woman. Mr. Samuel Williamson, who lived on Water street, took the child from Mrs. Long and went with her to Major Carter's, who was the great authority on all In- dian questions. Omic came up and explained to the major, in Indian, that he only picked up the gun to show Mrs. Long how Semo, the accomplice of John Omic, had killed himself after he was arrested. This was translated by Carter to Mrs. Long and the white men who had gathered around, and then, as Mrs. Long said, they "all had a hearty laugh," though it is doubtful whether the young mother fully enjoyed the humor of the mistake. At length the day of execution arrived. People came from far and near to witness the scene. Fear- ing a rescue, many brought their arms with them, besides which, a battalion of militia was ordered out under Major Samuel Jones. The major was a fine-looking man, in full uniform, with large gold epaulets and well-plumed cocked hat, but the management of a few companies of militia severely tasked his military skill. He drew them up in front of Carter's hotel, and Omic was brought forth aud seated on his coffin, in a wagon painted black for the occasion. After religious services, conducted by the Rev. Mr. Darrow, of Trumbull county. Major Jones undertook to surround the wagon, and the officials which accompanied it with his battalion, but was unable to accomplish his object. After waiting a reasonable time, while the major galloped back and forth, shouting forth all sorts of orders but the right ones. Sheriff Baldwin moved forward with the pro- cession. Some one then suggested to the major that he march his men by the right flank to the gallows, and double his line around it, which he accordingly did. Omic kept up his bravado almost to the last, and rode to the gallows, as Mrs. Miles says, keeping time to the music by drumming on his coffin. When they arrived at the place of execution, which was near the northwest corner of the public square, Sheriff Bald- win, Major Carter and Omic mounted the gallows. The culprit's arms were loosely fastened together at the elbows, and a rope with a loop in it was put around his neck. Erom the top-piece above swung another rope, with an iron hook at the end, to which the first rope was fastened. Major Carter descended from the gallows and the sheriff drew the black cap down over Omic's face. Then, at length, all the culprit's bravado deserted him. He was, said Hon. Elisha Whittlesey in a statement published by his nephew. Col. Whit- 58 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. tlesey, the most frigliteiied man, " rational or irra- tional," that he ever saw. He bent down his head, seized the rope with his loosely-pinioned right hand, stepped to the nearest post and threw his other arm around it. The sheriff approaclied, when Omic seized him and seemed likely to throw him from the gallows to the ground. Major Carter again went upon the gallows, and asked Omic in his native tongue to remember what he had said about sliowing the palefaces how an In- dian could die, bat witliout effect. At length, how- ever, tlie culprit said that if he could have a l)ig drink of wliisky he would make no more trouble. Carter urged compliance and the sheriff assented. A large tumbler nearly full of "old Monongahela " was soon produced. Omic took the glass and swallowed the liquor in an instant. He then declared he was ready for death. Carter came down, and the sheriff again drew the black cap over the face of the criminal. His former terrors immediately returned. Again he reached up his hand and seized the rope, at the same time throwing his othei: arm around the post and defying the efforts of the sheriff to detach him. He talked rapidly and incoherently in mingled Indian and broken English, declaring that he would return in two days and wreak vengeance on the palefaces. Once more the indefatigable Carter went up to act as interpreter and dijjloQiatist. The sheriff does not seem to have had much nerve or lie would have called assistance, wrapjied the scoundrel with cords so tight- ly that he could not move, and if necessary thrown him from the gallows. Another disgraceful alterca- tion ensued, and at length Omic gave Major Carter his " word of honor as an Indian " that if he could have one more glorious drink he would submit quiet- ly to his doom. Even to this the sheriff was weak enough to assent. This time, however, the tumbler was not given to the culj)rit but held to his mouth, and while he was drinking Sheriff Baldwin tightened tlie rope on his arms, and drew up the one above so that Omic could not go to the post. The platform was again cleared, but notwithstand- ing all the precautions Omic managed to slip the fin- gers of his right hand between the rope and his neck. The sheriff, however, did not wait for any farther parley but cut the rope which upheld the platform. The man fell the length of his rope, swung to and fro several times, and at length hung quiet. Meanwhile a storm was seen coming up rapidly from the northwest. It being doubted whether the crim- inal's neck was broken, the rope was drawn up and let suddenly down, when it broke and the body fell heavi- ly to the ground. The dark clouds swept rapidly over the sky, and warning drops of rain began to fall. The body was hastily placed in the cofiBn, and as hasti- ly deposited in the grave which had been dug near the gallows. Even while this was being done the rain began to pour down in ton-ents and the crowd swiftly separated to seek for sheller; the militiamen not wait- ing to perform any more evolutions, and the gilt- edged officers hurrying at the top of their speed to save their ornaments from untimely ruin. The flint- lock muskets of the men were so wet that fifty In- dians with tomahawks could probably have captured the place. Tlie red men, however, never manifested, so far as known, any disposition for revenge. Nearly all the physicians of the Reserve were present, determined to obtain the body, if possible, for dissection. After dark several of them went to the square, the sheriff conveniently closing his eyes, and took the body from the unfilled grave. Omic was quite fat and heavy, but Dr. Allen, of Trumbull county, volunteered to carry him alone. The body was accordingly placed on tlie doctor's back, but before he got out of the square he stumbled against a stump and fell to the ground, with his ghastly burden on top of him. His companions smothei'ed their laughter for fear of discovery, (it might not have been very pleasant to be discovered by any lingering Indians,) and assisted to carry the corpse to the place of dissection. It was reported among the citizens, at the time, that some of the physicians said they could easily have restored life after the body was on the dissection table, but this is extremely doubtful, con- sidering the hours that had elapsed since the hanging. The body was duly dissected, and the skeleton long remained in the possession of Dr. Long. Two days later a swift riding expressman galloped into Cleveland, bearing the President's proclamation that on the 18th of June, 1813, war had been declared by the Congress of the United States against the king- of Great Britain. CHAPTER XI. THE ■WAB OF 1812. A Quiet hut Anxious Beginning— News of Hull's Surrender— Great Excitement- -Reported Approach of Indians— General Alarm— Prep- arations for Fight— Tlie Wat(;li at_ Night— An Approaching Vessel— "Who are you"— Prisoners ot Hull's Army— A Militia Company- Copy of its Roll— Captain Gay lord's Riflemen— General Rally of the Militia— Colonel Cass— Obtaining Provisions and Forage— Generals Perkins and Beall— A Succession of Fugitives— Elisha Dibble— His Detachment of Scouts— The Battle of the Peninsula— Building a Conrt-Hou.se— Winter— Preparations in the Spring— Major Jessup— Governor Meigs— Captain Sholes's Regulars— Fort Huntington— Ap- proach of the British Fleet— A Calm— A Storm— A Foraging Party in EucUd— General Harrison— Attack on Fort Meigs— Appearance of Peri-y's Fleet^-The Commander on Shore— Mrs. Stedman's Recollec- tions—Guns and Men of the Fleet— At work on the CourtHouse— A Distant Sound— "It's Perry's Guns"— Off to the Lake Shore— Listenmg— •' Hurrah for Perry"— News of Victory— General Exulta- tion—Harrison's Victoiy— Harrison and Pen-y at Cleveland— Disturb- ing News— Quiet through 1814— Incorporation of Cleveland— Peace. For the first two months after the declaration of war tliere was not much more excitement than during the previous two months, when the people were only expecting it. The militia were frequently called out for drill, arms and munitions were issued, and many anxious eyes were often turned toward the lake; for none could be sure but that at any moment a British armed vessel might approach off the coast, and land a force of invaders or a parly of marauders. Many THE WAR OF 1813. 59 ears listened nervously, too, to every blast that swept through the western forest, uncertain whether some ferocious band of Indians might not make their way past the American outposts, and enter on a crusade of cruelty among the people of the frontier. It was gen- erally believed, however, that the forces gathering under General Van Rensselaer on the Niagara ,and under General Hull at Detroit, would soon take pos- session of the upper peninsula of Canada, opposite this county, and thus relieve the people here of all farther anxiety in regard to danger from that quarter. Expressmen almost daily galloped back and forth along the lake shore; those from the west bearing news successively of the increase of Hull's army, of its advance into Canada, and then of its .retreat to the American shore, whei-e, however, it was believed to be amply able to defeat any force which could be brought against it. But shortly after the 16th of August a messenger came dashing into Cleveland from the west, bearing the terrible news that on that day General Hull had surrendered his whole force to the British and trheir Indian allies, who might be expected at any moment to attack the defenceless inhabitants on the south shore of Lake Erie. Instantly all was excite- ment and anxiety. Expresses were sent out in vari- ous directions to notify the peojale, and also to Major General Wadsworth at Canfield, (now Mahoning- county,) to beg for the aid of the militia. Within twenty-four hours another messenger brought the news that the British and Indians were actually approaching; their vessels had been seen near Huron ; nay, as near as he could learn, they had lauded in that locality, and the massacre of the peo- ple had actually commenced. Then indeed there w;s dismay on every side. Many doubted the correetness of the information, but few desired to run the risk of proving its falsity. A large proportion of the people of Cleveland set forth, in all haste, along the forest roads which led through Euclid and Newburg to safer regions. The bolder men sent ofE tlieir families, and themselves seized their arms, ready to do battle with the invading foe. Mrs. Walworth, Mrs. Dr. Long and one or two other ladies, however, peremptorily refused to leave. If they could do nothing else they could nurse the wounded in case of battle, and at all hazards they would stay by their husbands. As the alarm spread through the county, it grew more intense with every mile of advance. The roads were soon crowded with ox-wagons and horse-wagons, with travelers on horseback and travelers on foot. Here could be seen a clumsy cart in wliich had been thrown a feather-bed, two or three iron pots, all the crockery of the family, a side of bacon and a bag of corn meal; on top of which were a frightened matron and half a dozen tow-headed children, while tlie father of tiie family applied his long "gad" with unflinching energy to the backs of the lumbering cattle, wliich were moving altogether too slowly to suit so desperate an emergency. Swiftly passing there would be seen a woman on horseback, with one child before and another behind, while scores of men, wo- men and children, blessed with neither horses nor oxen, were trudging wearily on foot, trembling every moment lest the dread war-whoops of the savages should be hoard in their rear. In the midst of all these, however, were to be seen some brave men, with muslcets and rifles on their shoulders, hastening rapidily to Cleveland to aid in repelling the foe. These, united with the little squad of Clevelanders, made up in the course of the day a company' of thirty or forty men. As night came on, they posted sentinels along the water's edge, and then lay down with their clothes on in the nearest deserted dwell- ings, to await the result. Hour after hour passed, and naught occurred to renew the alarm of the day. But soon after midnight the sentinels quietly gave warn- ing to their comrades. The latter sprang up, ad- justed their powder-horns and bullet-pouches, ex- amined the locks of their weapons, and hastened silently to the mouth of the river. Sure enough; through the darkness of the night the white sails and black hull of a vessel could be seen approaching from the west, and shaping her course toward the usual landing-place. There were few vessels on the lake then and these had mostly been taken for hostile purposes, so the ap- proach of a ship from the west at that hour of the night looked sufficiently susj)ioious, and the sceptics began to think there might be something serious ahead. A line of determined men was formed a short distance from the landing place, and thirty old fire- locks were cocked as the vessel came steadily onward. " Hello," cried a sentinel, in unmilitary but con- venient formula, " who are you?" "An American vessel," was the reply, " with pa- roled prisoners of Hull's army." The little company gave vent to their intense relief by a general shout, then " broke ranks" without wait- ing for orders, and were soon fraternizing with the newcomers, and joining them in cursing General Hull with the utmost good will. Many of the paroled men were wounded, and Murray's store was turned into a hosjaJtal. A company of militia was speedily called out from what now constitutes the city of Cleveland, and the towns of East Cleveland, Euclid, Newburg and per- haps some others. A copy of the company-roll, ob- tained from Washington, is on file among the records of the Western Reserve Historical Society, and we transcribe it here. Captain, Harvey Murray; lieutenant, Lewis Dille; ensign, Alfred Kelley; sergeants, Ebenezer Green, Simeon Moss, Thomas Hamilton, Seth Doan; corpor- als, James Root, John Lauterman, Asa Dille, Martin G. Shelhouse; drummer, David S. Tyler; fifer, Ro- dolphus Carlton; privates, Aretus Burk, Allen Burk, Charles Brandon, John Bishop, Moses Bradley, Silas Burk, Sylvester Beacher, James S. Bills, John Carl- ton, Mason Clark, Anthony Doyle, Luther Dille, Samuel Dille, Samuel Dodge, Moses Eldred, Samuel 60 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOCIA COUNTY. Evarts, Ebeiiezer Fish, Zebnlon R. S. Freeman, Rob- ert Harberson, Daniel S. Judd, Jackson James, John James, Stephen King, Guy Lee, Jacob Mingns, Thomas Mclh'uth, William ]\IcOoiikey, Samuel Noyes, David Eeed, John Sweeney, Parker Shadrick, Luther Sterns, Bazaleel Thorp, John Taylor, Thomas Thom- as, Hartman Van Duzen, Joseph Williams, Matthew AVilliamson, John Wrightman, William White, Jo- seph Burk, Robert Prentice, Benjamin Ogden. Tiiese went into service on the 23d of August, 1812, and remained in service until the 14th of De- cember of the same year. They do not, however, ap- pear to have been very closely confined to their mili- tary duties; for at the time the roll in question was made out not less than twenty-two out of the fifty- six- officers and men were marked "absent on fur- lough," besides eight absent sick. Another company, raised principally at Newburg and vicinity, and composed of riflemen, was com- manded by Captain Allen Gaylord of that town, but the roll has not been preserved. Although the first great alarm had proved un- founded, yet there was no knowing when an invasion might occur either by lake or land, and the efforts to put the country in readiness for such an event were strenuously continued. General Wadsworth, after ordering all the militia of his division into the field, started from Oanfield on the 23d day of August, with a company of horsemen as escort. Passing through Hudson, Bedford and Newburg, and endeavoring to allay the apprehensions of the hundreds of frightened people whom he met, he rode into Cleveland with his horsemen about four o'clock in the afternoon of the 24th; to the great joy of the few men assembled there. Other militia soon followed, and so fai' as numbers were concerned there were enough to con- front the whole British army on the frontier. Benjamin Tappen and Elisha Whittlesey, both subsequently very distinguished men in the councils of the nation, were General Wadsworth's aids. The same evening that the detachment just mentioned arrived at Cleveland, Colonel Lewis Cass, afterwards General Cass, the celebrated statesman, came to the same point from Detroit. Having been in command of a regiment under Hull, he was bitterly indignant at the surrender, and never failed to denounce the cowardly general in the most virulent terms. He was on his way to Washington on military business^ and was accompanied from Cleveland by ex-Governor Huntington, of Painesville, who had hastened to his former home at the first note of danger. The last named gentleman bore a letter from General Wadsworth to the war department, in which he stated that he had called out three thousand men, but that they were largely destitute of arms, ammuni- tion and equipments, and that it would even be difficut to feed them. He urged the department to give him aid, but did not wait for it to come. He a|)poiutcd three commissioners of supplies, to pur- chiise provisions and forage from the people, who, trusting in the good faith of the government, sold as cheaply as for coin. The commissioners gave cer- tificates stating the quantity and value of the article furnished, and promising to pay for it when the government should remit the necessary funds. Many of the frightened people had gone east, abandoning their crops on the ground or in barns. These were taken by the commissioners, appraised, and the owners credifed with the value. Fatigue parties of soldiers harvested the crops and hauled them to camp, and the owners were afterwards remunerated for them. On the 26th of August Brigadier General Simon Perkins arrived at Cleveland with a large body of militia. General Wadsworth sent him forward to Huron with a thousand men, to build block-houses and protect the inhabitants. General Reazin Beall was soon after sent westward with another body of troops on a similar errand. General Wadsworth soon received dispatches from Washington, endorsing his course, urging vigorous action and promising sup- port. The major general himself soon went westward with nearly all the rest of his men; being first under command of General Winchester, and afterwards of the hero of Tippecanoe, General William H. Harrison. The same circumstance was noticeable here as at other points on the frontier, and at other times as well as at this one; nearly all the inhabitants for a long distance back from the scene of trouble thought they must move, but were apparently satisfied by the act of moving. Thus, while some of the people of Cuyahoga county fled twenty, thirty or forty miles eastward, they found there homes abandoned by those who had gone still farther on. These they could, and often did, occupy; feeling themselves safe in the same places from which others had fled in terror. In like manner, people coming from Huron and beyond thought they had fled far enough when they reached the mouth of the Cuyahoga, and made themselves at iiome in localities only a few days before abandoned by the previous residents. Among those who thus came from tlie west was Elisha Dibble, father of Captain Lewis Dibble, of Cleveland, who brough this wife and eight children; together with another family, in a boat, to Cleveland, shortly after Hull's surrender. His former location had indeed been one of great danger, being on the River Raisin, near the jn-esent city of Monroe, Mich- igan, and not far from the scene of the celebrated "massacre of the River Raisin," which took place the same autumn. On reaching Cleveland he concluded he had gone far enough, and located himself in the house of Rudolphus Edwards, near the present corner of Woodland avenue and Woodland Hills avenue. Being a stirring, energetic man, he determined to raise a detachment of mounted rangers, or scouts, for service against the enemy, and soon accomplished his object; the men being from all parts of the county, and some of them being doubtless, like himself, fugitives from western homes. Captain Dibble marched with X^s^V^rihU THE WAR OF 1813. 61 his company to Huron and other endangered localities. He received the thanks of his commander in writing for his efficient service, but contracted a sickness which compelled his return home, where he died the next year. After General Harrison took command in the Northwest, General Perkins was placed in command of five hundred men and stationed near the mouth of the liuron, remaining there nearly two months. While there a conflict took place between a detach- ment of General Perkins' men and a force of British and Indians, who had made their way that far east, . either on scouting duty or in search of plunder. This is known in local annals as " the battle of the Penin- sula." A portion of the' Cuyahoga county men were engaged in it, and the roll of Captain Mun-ay's com- pany shows that one of his men, James S. Hills, was killed in the conflict, and that two others, John Carl- ton and Moses Eldred, were wounded tliere. During the season Mr. Samuel Dodge was engaged in building vessels for the government, both in the Cuyahoga and at Brie, Pennsylvania. Notwithstanding all the din of war, the affairs of peace were not entirely neglected. In the fall or late in the summer of 1812 the county commissioners, Messrs. Wright, Euggles and Miles, made a contract with Mr. Levi Johnson, a young carpenter of Cleve- land, to build a court-house on the northwest corner of the public square. It was to be of wood, two stories high, and to consist of a jail and jailer's residence in the lower story, and a court-room in the upper one. Mr. Johnson immediately began obtaining the timber, but the building was not raised till the next year. As winter approached, the war-excitement subsided. Both armies went into winter-quarters, most of the militia was dismissed in December, and only a small guard was maintained at Cleveland. In the spring of 1813 active preparations for hos- tilities were again made on both sides of the frontier, and Cleveland again became a depot of supplies, and to some extent a rendezvous for troops. Major Thomas S. Jessup, of the regular army, afterwards highly distinguished as General Jessup, was placed in command, though at first he had only a few compa- nies of militia under his charge. Later Hon. Eetiirn J. Meigs, governor of Oljio, came to inspect the preparations making for war. On the 10th of May, while the latter was still there, a company of regular soldiers marched into town under the command of Captain Stanton Sholes. These were the first and about the only regular troops stationed in Cuyahoga county during the war. They were met by Governor Meigs, and warmly wel- comed by him as well as by the citizens of the place. There were a number of sick and wounded soldiers there, with very poor accommodations, some of whom had been there since the time of Hull's surrender. Captain Sholes immediately set some carpenters be- longing to his company at work, and in a short time they erected a neat, framed hospital, about twenty feet by thirty, though without the use of a nail, a screw, or any iron article whatever; the whole being held together by wooden pins. It was covered with a water-tight roof and floored with chestnut bark. To this the invalids were speedily removed, to the very great improvement of their comfort. Then all the men of the company were set at work building a small stockade, about fifty yards from Ihe bank of the lake, near the present Seneca street. Cut- ting down a large number of trees twelve to fifteen inches in diameter, they cut off logs some twelve feet long each. These were sunk in the ground three or four feet, leaving the remaining distance above the surface. The sides of the logs adjoining each other were hewed down for a few inches, so as to fit solidly together. Tliis made a wall impervious to small arms, and the dirt was heaped up against the outside so as somewl\at to deaden the effect of cannon balls. Next a large number of trees and brush were cut down, and tl)e logs and brush piled together near the brink of the lake; forming a long abatis, very diffi- cult to climb over, and which would have exposed any assailing party who attempted to surmount it to a very destructive fire from the fort while doing so. The post was named Fort Huntington, in honor of the ex-governor. Meanwhile vessels were building in the Cuyahoga, and a large amount of public stores accumulating on the banks. Scarcely had Captain Sholes got his little fortress in good condition when, on the I'Jth of Juno, the British fleet, consisting of the "Queen Cliar- lotte" and "Lady Provost," with some smaller ves- sels, appeared off the coast and approached the mouth of the river with the apparent intention of landing. Major Jessup had left, but expresses were sent out to rally the militia, and as soon as possible every man in the vicinitv was hastening with musket on his shoul- der toward the endangered locality. When the fleet had arrived within a mile and a half of the harbor the wind stink to a perfect calm, and the vessels were compelled to lie there until afternoon. Meanwhile the little band of regulars made every preparation they could to defend their post, and a considerable body of militia was arrayed near by. There was a small piece of artillery in the village, but it was entirely unprovided with a carriage. Judge James Kingsbury, at that time a paymaster in the army, as we are informed by his daughter-, Mrs. Sted- man, then eight years old, took the hind wheels of a heavy wagon, mounted the little cannon on them, after a fashion, and placed it in position to pour its volleys into the enemy's ranks if he should attempt to fand. The vessels in the Cuyalioga and the public stores were all, as far as possible, moved to "Wal- worth point," some two miles up the river. At length the calm ceased, but the succeeding weather was no more propitious to the would-be in- vaders. A terrific thunder-storm sprang up in the west and swept furiously down the lake, and the little fleet was soon driven before it far to the east- 62 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ward; relieving the Olevelauders of all fear of an at- tack, at least for that day. When the storm abated, the fleet lay to, opposite Euclid creek, in the town of that name, where a boat's crew went ashore. Tliey killed an ox there, cut it up hide and all, and took it off to their com- rades on shipboard. Witli more courtesy than could have been expected, however, they left a golden guinea in a cleft stick at the place of slaughter, with a note apologizing bei ause in their haste they had to spoil the hide, and adding that if it had not been for the thunder shower they would have eaten their beef in Cleveland. Either the commander thought tliat during the delay too large a force for them to meet had assembled, or else their presence was recpiired elsewhere; at :ill events they sailed off down the lake, and their vessels never again appeared on the shore of Cuyahoga county except as the captured, sjioils of the gallant Perry and his comrades. About the middle of July, General \V. H. Harrison, commander-in-chief of the Northwestern army, and the only general who had gained any fame as a sol- dier on this frontier, came to Cleveland on a tour of inspection, accompanied by his staff officers. Governor Huntington, Major George Tod (father of the late David Tod), Major T. S. Jessup, and the gallant Colonel Wood, afterwards killed at Fort Erie. The general was cordially welcomed, and many came from the townships in the vicinity to see and to show their respect to the hero of Tipjiecanoe, who it was hoped would redeem the tarnished fame of the American arms in the Northwest. After a three-days' stay, spent in careful examination of the jHiblic stores and means of defense, the general returned to his army, at the mouth of the Manmee. Immediately afterwards there was another alarm spread along the lake shore, when a force of British and Indians attacked Fort Meigs, on the site of the city of Fremont. Some again packed up their house- hold goods for flight, but as a rule the people had by this time become pretty well seasoned to rumors of war, and they generally waited for further advices. Two entire divisions of militia, residing southward and southeastward from Fort Meigs, were ordered out by the governor, but those on the lake shore were rightly considered as having enough to do to defend their own localities, and were not required to take the field at that time. The gallant Major Croghan with his little band successfully defended the fort, and compelled the withdrawal of the enemy before any of Governor Meigs' levies arrived; and again, for a while, tliere was a period of comparative quiet. But the British fleet was still mistress of the lak'e; no movement against Canada was likely to be success- ful until that fleet could be overcome, and no one knew at what moment an invading force might be landed at any point on our long and feebly defended frontier. All eyes were anxiously directed toward the harbor of Erie, where a young lieutenant of twenty- six, called commodore by courtesy, was straining every nerve to equip his little fleet, get out to sea, and settle by actual combat the question whether the stars and stripes or the red cross of St. George should float vic- torious over Lake Erie. At length, on the 5th day of August, Perry took his fleet out of the harbor and immediately sailed in search of the foe. In a few days he passed up the lake, feeling sure that he would soon bring the enemy to battle. The fleet lay to off the mouth of the Cuya- hoga to get supplies, and the youthful commodore came ashore. Little Diana Kingsbury was in the village at the time with her father, and the venerable Mrs. Sted- man still retains a vivid recollection of the tall, slender, erect young man, in the glittering uniform of the United States navy, with noble bearing and hand- some, radiant face, on whom more than on any other man, at that moment, rested the fortunes and honor of America in the Northwest. Tiic object of the brief delay having been accom- plished, the commander returned to his flag-ship, the fleet spread its sails to the favoring breeze and stood away to the westward in gallant array. There were the "Lawrence," the commodore's flag-ship, with twenty guns; the " Niagara," with twenty guns, under Lieu- tenant Elliott; the " Caledonia," with three guns, under Lieutenant Turner; the "Ariel," with four guns, under Lieiitenant Pickett; the " Scorpion," with two guns, under Lieutenant Chamijlin; the "Somers," with four guns, under Sailing-master Henry; the "Porcupine," with one gun, under Mid- shipman Senat; the " Tigress," with one gun, under Midshipman Gonklin; the " Tripi^e," with one gun, under Midshipman Holduj). In long procession they swept past the shores of Brooklyn, Rockport and Dover, and sailed away in search of the foe, followed by the hopes and prayers of all the people for the ardent commander and his gallant crew. Infer anna li-gcn silent, says the old Roman prov- erb; that is, amid the clang of arms the laws are pow- erless. But for all that the Cuyahoga people did not stop building a court-house because war was going on around them. On the 10th of September, 1813, Levi Johnson and some of his hired men were busy putting the finishing work on the rude temple of jus- tice which he had contracted to build a year before. Some of them heard a noise in the distant west, which was at first supposed to be thunder. Looking up, however, they were surprised to see no clouds as far as the eye could reach in every direction. The sounds continued. Suddenly Johnson exclaimed: " It's Perry's guns; he's fighting with the British." , In a moment all the workmen by common consent threw down their hammers and nails, scrambled to the ground and hurried to the lake shore with their employer at their head. In a short time all the men of the village, with many of the women and children, were gathered on the beach, listening to the sounds of battle. The scene of conflict was seventy miles dis- tant, but the wind was favorable and the listeners could not only plainly hear the roll of the broadsides. PROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL. 63 but, when the fire slackeued from time to time, could distinguish between the heavier and the lighter guns. At length there was only a dropping fire; one fleet had evidently succumbed to the other. Finally heavy shots were heard, and then all was silent. " Perry has the heaviest guns," exclaimed John- son; " those are Perry's shots — he has won the day — three cheers for Perry!" "Hip, hip, hnrrah!" promptly responded the crowd, willing to believe the assertion, but yet sepa- rating with anxions hearts, uncertain what might be the rosnlt. In fact, the English had some as heavy guns as the Americans, but not so many of that class. Not only in Cleveland but all along the lake shore, among the scattered inhabitants of Dover, Rockport, Brooklyn and Euclid, the sounds of battle were heard; the people soon divined that it was not thunder, and listened with mingled dread and hope to the death- notes from the west. Nay, even as far east as Erie, Pennsylvania, a hundred and sixty miles from the scene, the sounds of the conflict were heard, but mere- ly as a low rumbling, which was supposed to be dis- tant thunder. Soon the welcome news of victory was borne along the shore, and the people could freely give way to their exultation. It was not merely joy over the great nsitional triumph which gladdened their hearts, though this was deeply felt, but also the knowledge that, with Lake Erie in the possession of the Ameri- cans, their homes, their wives and their children were safe from Bi-itish invasion and Indian foray. The victory of Harrison over Proctor on the Thames, accompanied by the death of Tecumseh, followed on the 5th of October, 1813; making the assurance of safety doubly sure on the part of the inhabitants of this frontier. The army of Harrison, or such j)art of it as was not discharged, soon after went down to the shores of Lake Ontario, and the tide of war drifted away from all this region. General Harrison and Commodore Perry went down the south shore of Lake Erie to Buffalo, stopping at Cleveland, where thev were entertained with a banquet, while Judge Kingsbury bi'ought about the assemblage of a special meeting of Masons in their honor, at his farm on the ridge. The lake was open to a late period that year, and on the 21st of December the people along the shore saw the gallant Lawrence sailing down on its way to Erie, where it became a hospital-ship; being followed slowly by the captured British vessels, Detroit and Queen Charlotte. On New Year's Day, 18 14, the residents of Cuyahoga county were shocked and startled to learn that, two days before, the British and Indians had captured and burned the village of Buffalo, having previously captured Fort Niagara and devastated the whole Niagara frontier. For a short time some of the inhabitants were alarmed lest the foes they had so long looked for from the west should come up the shore of the lake from the northeast. But the invasion was only temporary, and during the suc- ceeding campaign the tide of war ebbed and flowed between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, entirely on Canadian soil, while northern Ohio and the Territory of Michigan were alike blessed with profound peace. The only event worthy of mention, occurring in the county during the year, was of a civil nature; the incorporation of the village of Cleveland on the 23d of December, 1814. But though the immediate pressure of war was lifted from this region, yet its existence checked progress and stopped immigration, and it was with great delight that in the latter part of January, 1815, the people heard that peace had been made between the United States and Great Britain by means of the treaty of Ghent. CHAPTER XIL PKOM THa -WAR TO THE CABTAL. Rapid Development— Erevious Unfavorable Circumstances— Settlement of Various Townships— Slow Growth of Cleveland- First Bank— Plan- ning the Canal— A Cuyahoga Man's Idea— The First Newspaper— A Surprising Phenomenon The " Wallc-in-the- Water "—Improvement under Difficulties — Articles of Lake Commerce— Names of Lake Ves- sels—Pennsylvania Wagons— A Fast Man of Yore— The Cleveland i/er- aid— General Trainings— Wolves and Bears —The Hinkley Hunt — The Gathering— The Officers— The Skirmish Line —The Advance -The First Bear— Slaughter of the Deer— Closing up— Furious Fun— The Last Square Mile— "A Wolf 1 A Wolf ! "—Slaying the Marauders— The Grand Finale — Number of the Victims — A Line of Stage Coaches — Stage Coaching Experience— " Going on Foot and Carrying a Kail "— Increasing Commerce — Legislative Action on the Canal — Alfred Kelley a Commissioner — Prices of Farm Produce— Fondness for Whisky — Tne Militia again — Capital Scarce — Various Small Industries — Forma- tion of Lorain County — Its Organization — The Southwestern Turnpike —The Medical Society — The Election of IS'ii — The Kinsman Road — A Mild Winter— Law authorizing the Canal. The period of fifteen years succeeding the war of 1812 was one of rapid development of the agricultural portion of the county. Previous to 1815 settlement had been very slow. At first, people were deterred by the unfavorable reputation of the region in regard to sickness. Rumors of Indian war also checked immi- gration, and the war of 1812 completely stopped it. But with the close of that war, the certainty that the Indians were completely subdued and the improving condition of the county in regard to health, the peo- ple poured in, in numbers increased by the previous restraint. Hitherto the settlements had nearly all been along the lake sliore, but now the hardy pioneers hastened into all the townships of the county in rapid succession, even to its southernmost border. Nearly or quite half of the present civil townships of Cuyahoga county were both settled and organized between the beginning of 1815 and the end of 1825. In nearly every township, not previously occupied, settlements were begun within five years after the close of the war. The present township of Chagrin Falls was settled, though only by a single resident, in 1815. Olmstead and Rockport were both settled in the same year. Rockport was organized in 1819. 64 GENERAL HISTORY OV ClTYAiioaA COXJNTY. Strongsville was settled in 1816 and organized in 1818. The first pioneers located in Orange in 1815 or '16, and an organization was effected in 1820. Solon was settled in the latter year. Bedford was settled in 1813, and Warrensville in 1810. Brecksville had first been occupied in 1810 and Independence about the same time. Middleburg was also settled before the war. The pioneers of all these townships, as well as those previously settled in the county, were principal- ly from New England or New York, though occasion- ally a sturdy Pennsylvania German made his way from that State, and entered into competition with the keen- eyed Yankees. Huron county was organized in 1815; leaving Cuyahoga unencumbered with outside tempo- rary territory, but still extending to Black river. Everywhere the axe was heai'd resounding amid the grand old forest-trees, the smoke from numerous log cabins was seen rising aboye their tops, and the deer, the bears and the wolves were rapidly driven back be- fore the rifles of the advancing pioneers. The stories of the various localities are told in the township histo- ries, but the general result was that Cuyahoga county speedily emerged from the wilderness condition which had previously characterized the principal part of its area, and entered on a career of prosperity which has only seldom been checked from that time to this. The village of Cleveland, however, showed but a slight expansion for ten years after the war. The first bank in the county, the Commercial Bank of Lake Erie, was organized there in 1816, but it did a very modest business indeed, and ere long became de- funct. In 1817, N. H. Merwin built the schooner "Minerva," the first vessel registered at Washington from the district of Cuyahoga, under the United States revenue laws; this being one of the first opera- tions in the great business of vessel building, which has since grown to such large proportions. Meanwhile far-sighted men were looking forward to the establishment of a great city at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, and planning the opening of a great highway of commerce between Lake Erie and the Ohio river, with one of its termini at the point just mentioned. New York had already begun to build the Erie canal, and public opinion in Ohio was turning toward a similar work. The first resolucion looking to the construction of a canal from Lake Erie to the Ohio was introduced into the legislature in 1817, though the work in question was not begun until 1835. We may note in passing, as indicative of the thorough identification of Cuyahoga county with the most liberal ideas of modern progress, that in 1818 Hon. Alfred Kelley, then a representative from that county, introduced into the lower house of the legis- lature a bill to abolish imprisonment for debt, which is said to have been the first movement of that kind made in any legislative body in either this country or Europe. The bill did not at that time become a law, but it exerted a great influence in calling public at- tention to that subject, and ere many years had passed imprisonment for debt was wiped from the statute-books of all the States of the Union. On the 31st of July, 1818, the first newspaper was issued in the county; being called the Cleveland Ga- zette and Commercial Register. It was intended to be a weekly sheet, but sometimes ten, twelve or four- teen days elapsed between its issues. But a newspaper, although rightly considered an important institution, was something which every- body had seen before; on the first day of September of the same year an entirenovelty — the like of which not one in five hundred of the inhabitants had ever before seen — presented itself before the people of Cuyahoga county. On the day named the residents along the lake shore of Euclid saw upon the lake a curious kind of a vessel, making what was then con- sidered very rapid progress westward, without the aid of sails, while from a pipe near its middle rolled forth a dark clond of smoke, which trailed its gloomy length far into the rear of the swift-gliding, mysterious traveler over the deep. They watched its westward course until it turned its prow toward the harbor of Cleveland, and then returned to their labors. Many of them doubtless knew what it was, but some shook their heads in sad surmise as to whether some evil powers were not at work in producing such a strange phenomenon as that, on the bosom of their beloved Lake Erie. Meanwhile the. citizens of Cleveland perceived the approaching monster, and hastened to the lake shore to examine it. "What is it?" "What is it?" Where did it come from ? What makes it go ? queried One and another of the excited throng. " It's the steamboat, that's what it is ;" cried others in reply. " Yes, yes, it's the steamboat; it's the steamboat," was the general shout, and with ringing cheers the people welcomed the first vessel propelled by steam which had ever traversed the waters of Lake Erie. The keel had been laid at Black Rock, near Buffalo, in November, 1817, and the vessel had been built during tiie spring and summer of 1818. It had re- ceived the name of "Walk-in-the- Water," from a Wyandot chieftain who was formerly known by that appellation ; which was also extremely appi'opriate as applied to a vessel which did indeed walk in the water like a thing of life. This harbinger of the numerous steam-leviathans of the upper lakes, and of the immense commerce carried on by them, was of three hundred tons burden, and could carry a hundred cabin passengers and a still larger number in the steerage. Its best speed was from eight to ten miles per hour, and even this was considered something wonderful. All Cleveland swarmed on board to examine the new craft, and many of the leading citizens took passage in it to Detroit, for which place it soon set forth. The work of improvement, as we have said, was all the while going on at a rapid rate although under FROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL. 65 great dilRculties. Hardship was the expected lot of the pioneers, hut even in the older sections of the county, where good farms had been cleared up, the agriculturist found his vocation an unprofitable one on account of the difficulty of finding a market for his products. In fact, for grain there was almost no market; the only purchasers in this vicinity being the few hundred traders and mechanics who were concen- trated at Cleveland and Newburg. Hardly a bushel of wheat or a barrel of iiour was shipped down the lake until after the opening of the Erie canal in 1825; the expense of transportation being so great as to "eat up" the whole price of the article. Some cattle were driven overland to Philadelphia or New York, and hides in considerable quantities, be- sides the furs of wild animals, were sent down the lake. From an old marine record we find that the articles going down the lake at this period (1815 to 1820) taking one vessel after another, comprised furs, fish, cider, furs, paint, dry goods, furniture, scythes, furs, grindstones, skins, furs, cider, paint, furs, fish, household-goods, grindstones, skins, scythes, coffee, fish, building-stone, crockery, hardware, pork, scythes and clothing. It is difficult to imagine where the coffee and some other articles came from, but probably they had been sent up the lake from the East and were returned for lack of a market. It will be observed that neither potash, pearlash nor " black salts," figure in the list of exports, though these are mentioned by most of the early settlers I have met as being the principal cash articles they could produce. It is prob- able that it was not till after 1816, (the date of the foregoing list) that black salts, etc., became articles of export from northern Ohio. The upward bound freight at the same time con- sisted of whisky, dry goods, household goods, naval stores, dry goods, groceries, hardware, salt, fish, spirits, household goods, mill-irons, salt, tea, whisky, butter, whisky, coffee, soap, medicines, groceries, household goods and farm utensils. It will be seen that a good many classes of articles went both ways, but no furs nor skins went up the lake. The lake vessels of the period in question were almost all schooners, the following being a nearly complete list: The schooners "Dolphin," "Diligence," "Erie," "Pomfret," "Weasel," " Widow's Son," "Merry Calvin," "Firefly," "Paulina," "Mink," "Merchant," "Pilot," "Rachel," "Michigan," "Nep- tune," "Hercules," "Croglian," "Tiger," "Aurora," "Experiment," "Black Snake," "Ranger," "Fiddler" and "Champion;" also the sloops "Venus," "Ameri- can Eagle," "Perseverance," "Nightingale" and "Black River Packet." The solitary steamer has already been mentioned. Whatever freight was brouglit to Cleveland at this period from the adjoining counties was carried (ex- cept when there was sleigliing) on big vehicles, called " Pennsylvania " or "Conestoga" wagons, drawn by four or six horses. A solid vehicle and a strong team were absolutely necessary, especially in spring and autumn, to make any headway at all along the fearful roads, covered knee-deep or more with mud, which traversed northern Ohio. Even in summer these rude highways were by no means easy to travel. It is narrated that in 181 9 a resident of Hudson, Summit county, who had a fine team of which he was especially proud, drove up to the door of Noble H. Merwin's hotel in Cleveland, just as the guests of the latter were sitting down to supper. "Ah!" said the landlord, "are you just from Hud- son ?" "Yes," replied the traveler. "How long have you been on the road?" queried Merwin. "Oh, I came through to-day," responded the other with manifest pride. "What!" exclaimed mine host, "came through from Hudson in one day — you don't say so?" "Fact, upon honor," responded the owner of the team. "Come out here; come out here," cried the excited . landlord to the occupants of the supper table; "here is a man who has come through from Hudson to- day;'' and forthwith all rushed out to gaze on this extraordinary phenomena. As the distance from Cleveland to Hudson was only twenty-four miles, it may be presumed that the roads must have been something terrible to make such a day's joufney seem remarkable. The second newspaper in. the county, and the oldest one now surviving, was the Cleveland Herald, which was first published in 1819. In the early files we have found many incidents bearing upon the history of the county at that period. The militia was then an institution of much more consequence than at present, and tlie number of divisions, brigades and regiments, with their cor- responding major-generals, brigadier-generals and colonels was something almost tremendous. Among numerous other cases we notice that in June, 1830, Colonel Daniel Miles was elected brigadier-general in place of General Lewis R. Dille, of Euclid, resigned. The "general training" of those days was next to the 4th of July the great holiday of the summer season. When a regiment of four hundred or five hundred men, dressed in sheep's gray and blue jeans, and many of them in their shirt sleeves, armed with rifles, muskets and fowling-pieces of every pattern, stood in irregular line m some convenient meadow, while the colonel, glorious in brass buttons, with epaulets as large as tea-plates, and a cocked hat of tremendous circumference, dashed up and down the lines on the best farm horse to be obtained for love or money — ah, then indeed the assembled boyhood of all the country round felt that the acme of glory had been reached, and that with such defenders Columbia was safe from all her foes. But the most dangerous foes of the people of Cuya- hoga at this time were not the embattled legions of 66 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Europe, but the wolves which devoured their sheep and the bears which ate up their hogs. To reduce the number of these enemies, to obtain their skins and to supply themselves with venison, as well as for the sport afforded, hundreds of young and middle- aged men made a specialty of hunting during the winter months. Bat there were in some localities large tracts which. Usually on account of their swampy nature, were the especial resort of wild animals. Occasionally, after the farmers' sheep had suffered severely from wolves which harbored in such a tract, the people would turn out from far and near to sun-ound and clear out the haunt of the marauders. The most celebrated of all these grand battues in this part of the State was the "Hinckley hunt," which took place in December, 1818. The township of Hinckley, which was the scene of the great raid, was just outside of Cuyahoga county; lying immediately south of Royalton, and being now the northeasternmost township of Medina county — yet as huntsmen participated in it from all parts of Cuyahoga, even from as far as Euclid, we have chosen it as a specimen of the onslaughts occa- sionally made on the denizens of the forest by the pioneers of northei'n Ohio. Notice having been given throughout Cuyahoga and Medina counties, including the present county of Summit, nearly five hundred hunters, all eager for the fray, assembled one cold morning in December on the borders of the wolf-haunted township. A com- mander in chief was chosen by universal suffrage, as well as four captains, one for each side of the area to be enclosed. 'Squire Perj-is, of Royalton, was the captain on the northern side. Then the commander sent his companies to the right and left, and in due time the whole township was enclosed by what in mil- itary phrase would be called a skirmish line, with the men fifteen or twenty rods apart. There was at that time only one family living in Hinckley ; so that the assailants had a clear field. Next, the word was started from the northeast cor- ner of the township, "All ready." "All ready," repeated the men, one after another, and the word quickly went around the townshiji and came back to the northeast corner. " Forward march ! " shouted the chief. " Forward march ! " rej^eated the men in succession, and the four lines moved forward toward the center of the township. At intervals along the Hue good woods- men were placed, with special instructions to take a straight direction to the center of Hinckley, to whose movement the others were directed to conform, grad- ually closing up as they progressed. The venerable Abial Haynes, of Strongsville, though then but a youth, was one of the linesmen, or "guides," and has given us a description of the principal events of this exciting day. Ere the lines had marched a mile toward the center a few deer were seen, a jiart of which were killed while others sped away in the opposite direction from the crackling rifles. After the first mile bears began to be observed. Mr. Haynes and John Hilliard met one and both fired at once, at a distance of a few rods. Both balls struck him and he fell, but immediately scrambled up and "loped" back into the forest. He was soon killed, however, and was found to weigh six hundi'ed pounds ; being almost as heavy as a small ox. The lines marched on and deer became extremely numerous, while bear were quite frequent. There was a continuous fusilade along the line as bucks, and does, and fawns fell in rapid succession before the rifles of the hunters. Those that did not fall gener- ally ran back from the line of death-dealing riflemen, but occasionally some brave old buck would fling his antlered head aloft, burst through the line of his foes, perchance escape their bullets, and dash away to seek a more healthy residence. Turkies, too, flew up in enormous numbers; so that it was said in somewhat exaggerated phrase that every bullet fired that day killed a turkey. Turkies and deer were so numerous that their deaths caused no excitement, but when a bear curled up to die a tri- umphant shout was raised by his conquerors, which was echoed far along the line. All this while not a wolf was to be seen ; the wary rascals snuffed danger from afar and retreated as fast as possible from the sound of the deadly rifle's. As wolves were the very animals it was most desirable to kill, some disappointment was felt at their non-ap- pearance, but the old hunters were certain they had retreated toward the center and encouraged the others to press on. When within about two miles of the middle of the township the fun became fast and furious The men were now but four or five rods apart and it was very difficult for anything to escape between them. Never- theless, at one time fifty or sixty deer, in one fright- ened herd, made a dash at the line ; the antlered lead- ers bounding five or six feet from the ground, and all snorting with frantic terror. Most of them escaped, in spite of the rattling fusilade with which they were assailed on either side. ScarDe a moment passed iu which a deer was not seen bounding with all the speed of terror through the forest, or a bear limbering along at his best pace, but far too slowly to escape the vengeance of his unsparing foes. Crack ! crack ! went the rifles with scarcely a moment's intermission; corpses strewed the ground on every side and the ex- cited hunters, with all the enthusiasm of victorious soldiers, pressed forward with flying feet. Still no wolves. When the last square mile in the center of the township was reached the deer had entirely disap- peared ; all were slain or had broken through the lines and escaped. The bears, too, had Jbecome scarce; only three or four being killed on the last square mile. The men were now within a few paces of each other, and eager as so many bloodhounds. At length a gaunt gray form was seen gliding among the trees. FROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL. 67 "A wolf! a wolf!" cried those who saw it. Half a dozen rifles were fired at ouce, and the enemy of the sheep-fold was numbered with the slain. Another and another were soon seen and dispatched. As the deadly lines, now closing into a circle, pressed forward to the center, the grisly prowlers were seen running hither and thither, as terrified as the lamhs they had formerly pursued. Caution was now necessary lest the bullets of the hunters should wound their friends on the other side of the circle, but caution was a dif- ficult virtue among such an excited and jubilant crowd. However, it must have been exercised to some extent ; for none of the hunters were killed or wounded. At last the triumphant riflemen closed swiftly in together, the last wolf went down beneath their bullets, the circle became a band, and a succession of ringing cheers gave vent to their excited feelings. On counting up their victims, eight wolves were found (all killed on the last square mile); a number which, though not large in comparison with that of the other animals, was sufficieut to carry destruction into hundreds of flocks of sheep. Twenty bears were also found " weltering in their gore " on the fleld of battle, eighteen of which were drawn together and flung into a shaggy heap. Of deer, no less than two hundred and sixty were drawn together in the same manner. The hunters certainly could not complain that this was " not a good day for deer." As we have befoi'e mentioned, many of these fleet-footed foresters escaped, but Mr. Haines stated that he believed that all of the bears and wolves in the township were killed. At all events the hunt completely broke up the haunt of wolves which had previously existed there, and for a time, at least, there was peace for the neighboring sheep. There were other grand battues of the same descrip- tion in and near the county, but the Hinckley hunt was the most celebrated and most successful of them all, and its description will suffice for either of the others. In 1820 a step farther in advance was made when a line of coaches was put on the route from Cleveland to Columbus, passing through the townships of Brook- lyn, Parma, the corner of Royalton, Strongsville, and so on through Medina county. Those were dire- ful times for travelers. In summer the big coaches bowled along with comparative ease, save when one of the wheels jolted over the root of an overshadowing oak, or collided with the stump of a lately felled beech. Even these disturbances did not prevent the closely packed passengers from beguiling their way with many a pleasant tale, until " stage-coach stories " have become renowned for their wit and jollity. In winter, too, by curling up in the bottom of the sleigh, surrounded with plenty of buffalo and bear skins, the travelers could generally manage to perform their journey with considerable rapidity, and without more discomfort than an occasional " frosted " ear or nose. But alas for the unfortunate man doomed to a stage-coach journey in the spring or fall. He was sure to be called on to go on foot a large portion of the time, and was often expected to shoulder a rail and carry it from mudhole to mudhole, to pry out the vehicle in which he was in theory supposed to be rid- ing. " To go on foot and carry a rail," and to pay a stage company for the privilege, was a mode of trav- eling very widely celebrated but extremely unpleasant. Not only were roads poor but bridges were scarce. There was not one across the Cuyahoga river in the county. A notice was published in April, 1820, by which "all having an interest in or wishes concerning the building of a bridge across the river at or near Cleveland are requested to meet at the court-house, to consult in relation thereto." As a marked example of what must seem to our readers the extreme slowness with which the news was carried in those days, we may mention that while King George the Third, of England, died on the 39th day of January, 1830, the announcement of his death was not made in the Cleveland Herald until the 28th of March, (two months lacking a day after the event took place). The commerce of the lake slowly but steadily in- creased. The Herald of April 25, 1830, reported the following clearances at the "port of Cuyahoga" in a single week: Cleared; schooner "Pairplay," Johnson master, loaded with pork, flour, whisky and passen- gers; schooner " Commodore Perry," Tayler master, for Detroit, loaded with flour, beef, cattle, etc.; schooner "American Eagle," Gaylord master, loaded with produce; schooner "Friendship," Kelly master, also loaded with produce. The arrival of some of the same vessels from Detroit was noted, but the nature of their cargoes was not mentioned. It will be observed that flour is spoken of as going both up and down the lake. In the latter case it was doubtless used by the garrisons of the posts on the upper lakes, or by the settlers of Michigan who had not yet raised crops. This was about the beginning of the great trade in grain and breadstuffs along the upper lakes, which has already grown to such enor- mous proportions. In this year (1830) the first legislative action was taken in regard to the construction of a canal from Lake Erie to the Ohio river. An act was passed by the legislature providing for the appointment of three canal commissioners, who were authorized to employ a competent engineer and assistants, for the purpose of making preliminary surveys of some of the routes considered most available for the proposed work. In 1833 Hon. Alfred Kelly, of Cleveland, was ap- pointed one of the canal commissioners, and for many years thereafter was busily and zealously engaged in forwarding the construction of the canal, and in other public services. Hon. James G-eddcs,-of New York, one of the principal engineers of the Erie canal, was employed to make a survey of the routes of the Ohio canal. 68 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Prices of all kinds of farm produce were exceeding- ly low; the following being a list of the prices paid in Cleveland in January, 1823: Flour, two dollars and a half per barrel; wheat, thirty-seven cents to fifty cents per bushel; rye, thirty-one cents; corn, twenty- five cents; oats, nineteen cents; beans, fifty cents; flax seed, fifty cents; peas, forty-four to fifty cents; rye, thirty-one cents; butter, eight to ten cents per pound; cheese, four to six cents; lard, four to five cents; pork, two to three and a half cents; beef, three to four cents; tallow, eight to ten cents; whisky, twenty to twenty-six cents per gallon; wood, thirty to fifty cents per cord; hay, six to seven dollars per ton. It was pretty hard to raise wheat and sell it for thirty-seven cents a bushel, but on the other hand with whisky only twenty cents a gallon the people were doubtless reasonably happy. For there is no use in evading the unquestionable fact — the sturdy pioneers who destroyed the wild beasts, leveled the forests and subdued the virgin soil of Cuyahoga county, were as a general rule decidedly fond of whisky. Every township had one or more distilleries, where the article was manufactured in the cheapest possible manner, and each had plenty of customers in its own vicinity. Whisky was an important item at every "raising" or "logging-bee," or other assem- blage of the people, and was in frequent use in the houses of the most reputable classes. It should be remembered, however, that men who spent twelve hours a day chopping, logging, plowing, splitting rails, etc., could more easily "work off" the effect of frequent drams of liquor than could their degenerate descendants, who think eight hours consti- tutes a hard day's work, and many of whom do no hard work at all. General training was one of the occasion^ at which a liberal use of whisky was considered to be tlie proper thing, notwithstanding the requirements of discipline. The officers couldn't keep whisky out of camp, although there was an abundant supply of those dig- nitaries. This was a part of the ninth division, Ohio militia. Among the numerous notices and orders which appeared within a few months, in 1823, we observe one directing the members of the first com- pany of cavalry, second brigade, ninth division, Ohio militia, to hold an election for company officers at the court-house; signed by the brigadier-general, per John W. Wiley, aide. Also one requiring the first artillery company of the first regiment, fourth brigade, etc., to meet to elect officei's; signed by P. M. Wed- dell, captain. Another ordering the company officers of the first regiment, etc., to meet to elect a major; signed by P. Baldwin, colonel. A short time afterwards the following staff and non-commissioned-staff officers of the" first regiment were announced by II. Wellman, colonel: Donald Mcintosh, surgeon; S. A. Henderson, surgeon's mate; Euney R. Baldwin, adjutant; John H. Camp, (|uartermaster; Horace Perry, i)aymastor; William S. Chapman, sergeant-major; John 0. Millard, fife- major; Barzilla B. Burk, drum-major. Capital of all kinds was scarce, and this fact of course retarded the general progress of the county. Yet the absence of large amounts of capital encour- aged men with a little money to embark in various small industries, in different parts of the county, which have now passed away. If a man wanted to start a little business of any kind, and had barely enough to begin with, he could go ahead in compara- tive safety; there was no danger of any "bloated cap- italist" crushing out his enterprise by driving him into a hopeless competition. Thus Leonard Marsilliott, of Euclid, for a long time maintained a stoneware factory in that township, which had a wide reputation for the excellence of its productions. A little later there was a ship and boat- building establishment in the same township, more fully described in tlio special history of Euclid. An- other industry of the period (1832, etc.) — a somewhat curious one — was. a castor-oil factory, situated in the township of Brooklyn, a mile from Cleveland. That fragrant business, we imagine, has entirely passed away from the county. We now come to a material change in the western boundaries of Cuyahoga county. By a law passed on the 36th day of December, 1833, the county of Lorain was established. It embraced a large part of Huron county, and took from Cuyahoga the townships of Troy (now Avon), Ridgeville, Eaton, Columbia, and the west part of Lenox (now Olmstead). It will be observed that Troy (Avon) and Eidgeville then ex- tended to Black river, which was the western bound- ary of Cuyahoga county. The new county was not organized at that time, and the townships named in the last paragraph re- mained temporarily attached to Cuyahoga county. A list of the civil townships of the latter county, which appeared in October, 1833, was as follows: Cleveland, Chagrin (now Willoughby), Brooklyn, Brecksville, Bedford, Columbia, Dover, Euclid, Eaton, Independ- ence, Mayfield, Nowburg, Orange, Ridgeville, Royal- ton, Rockport, Strongsville,. Troy (Avon), and War- i-ensville. Nineteen in all; the same number as there are at present (aside from Cleveland) — the number of those which have been detached having been made good by new formations. On the first day of April, 1834, Lorain county was duly organized, and the territory above described was permanently detached from Cuyahoga county. The west half of Lenox (Olmstead) was then made a part of Ridgeville, Lorain county, while the east half was attached to Middleburg, Cuyahoga county. We said the territory in question was "perma- nently " detached from Cuyahoga county. That is to say, the detachment was intended to be permanent, but in regard to the west half of Lenox it was not so. The residents of Lenox were much dissatisfied with the decree which had cut tlieir thriving young town- ship in twain, and had placed the severed halves in 'y 'l^Y.^^''^- -=^ FROM THE WAR TO THE CANAL. 69 two drfEerenfc counties, and three years later they pro- cured the passage of an act, dated January 29, 1827, by which the west half of the township ia question was set back into Cuyahoga, where the two portions, once more united, became the township of Olmstead, as narrated iu its special history. The facts men- tioned in this paragraph are a little in advance of the poriod allotted to the present chaptei-, but we want to close the account in regard to the western boundary of the county. No changes have been made in it from the roannexation of the west half of Lenox to tlio present time. From a casual record we learn that the white males, over twenty-one years of age, resident in Cuyahoga county in 1823, numbered sixteen hundred and fifty- five; an average of eighty-seven to each of the nine- teen townships. Another record of the same year mentions that the State had directed the laying out of a "free road" from Cleveland through Newburg, Bedford and Solon, and so on southeast, striking the Ohio river in Columbiana county. Samuel Cow]es, Esq., of Cleve- land, was one of the commissioners to lay it out. The first movement was also made this year to turnpike the stage road running from Cleveland sou^thwest thropgh Brooklyn, Parma and Strongsville; and thence through Medina to Wooster, the county seat of Wayne county. A company was formed, called the Wayne, Medina and Cuyahoga Turnpike Company, and in April, 1823, the books were opened to receive subscriptions to the stock. The move- ment was a success, and the turnpike in question became one of the great highways of the State. By this time, thirteen years after the advent of Dr. David Long, the first physician in the county, the doctors of this and Medina counties (which, by a law of the State, constituted the nineteenth medical dis- trict of Ohio) had become sufficiently numerous to organize a medical society, and did so in May, 1823. Dr. Long was the first president. In the autumn of 1824 took place the great quad- rangular contest for the presidency between Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson and John C. Calhoun. The. last named gentleman received no votes in this county. Of the others, strange as it may seem, Jackson received very few votes; the strength of the county being divided between Clay.and Adams, with the former as a decided favorite. The following table shows the vote by townships. The township of Chagrin (now Willoughby) was included in the list, casting ninety-eight votes, but we have omitted it in order to show the number cast in the territory now constituitng Cuyahoga county, except the west half of Olmstead, then attached to Lorain county, and containing but very few voters. TOWNSHIPS. OLAr. ADAMS. JACKSON. TOTAL. Bedford...... 20 .. 20 Brooklyn 39 5 U BrecksviUe m 18 36 Cleveland 64 43 5 112 Dover 22 11 .. 33 Euclid 38 75 16 129 Independence 19 2 21 Mayfleld 14 1 15 Middleburg 12 .. 12 Newburg 57 49 106 Orange 22 22 Rockport 26 1 .. 27 Eoyalton 44 44 Strongsville 2.3 1 24 Warrensville 4 12 4 20 Aggregate 442 218 25 CKi It will, perhaps, surprise some of our readers to learn that as late as 1824 the township of Euclid cast seventeen votes (about fifteen per cent.) more than Cleveland, but such was the fact. While the agri- cultural townships made steady progress after the war of 1812, the growth of Cleveland was extremely slow down to the year 1825. It should be remembered, however, that Euclid at that time iucluded the greater part of the present township of East Cleve- land. In this year (1824) an act was passed directing the laying out of another State road; running from Cleveland through Warrensville and Orange, and thence nearly due east to Kinsman, on the eastern line of the State. It was called the Kinsman road, and the westernmost part of it is now kuown as Kinsman street, in the city of Cleveland. The winter of 1824-5 was celebrated for its mild- ness, and the Cleveland Herald of December Sth re- cords that violets, pinks and marigolds were tlien in bloom, that pea vines had pods half-grown upon them, and most remarkable of all that ripe strawberries, grown in the open air, had lately been brought into the office. During the previous five years engineers had been at work, more or less, making preliminary surveys for the great Ohio canal. Public opinion, too, had been steadily growing more favorable to the proposed enterprise, and at length, on the 4th of February, 1825, a law was passed authorizing the canal com- missioners tobaild acanal along the Scioto and Musk- ingum valleys, and thence north to Lake Erie. The commissioners were left free to choose, as to the northern part, between the route by the Cuyahoga valley to Cleveland, and that through Wooster, and down the valley of Black river to its mouth. The seven commissioners (of whom Alfred Kelley, of Cleveland, was one of the most influential), reported in favor of the superior cheapness and convenience of the Cuyahoga route, and it was formally adopted. This opens a new era in the history of the county, and we will, therefore, at this point begin a new chapter. 70 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER XIII. PKOGRBSB, INFIiATIOKT AND "HARD TIMES." Work begun on the Canal— Growth of Cleveland— Completion of Erie Canal— First Appropriation for Harbor— The " Superior " — Increasing Business— '"Black Salts "—Cleveland and Newburg— Contest over Court-House— Cleveland Successful — Erecting' New Court House — " The Blue Jug "—Cuyahoga County Colonizition Society— The Canal opened to Akron— Celebration under Difificulties— Trade with the Northwest— A County Wolf-Bounty— Horse Thieves and Counter- feiters— Discount on Bank Bills— Hard Times for Creditors— Bails at Ten Cents Each— Sale of Western Reserve School Lands— Land begins to rise- Laying out of Ohio City— Modest Eailroads— Others not so Modest— The Ohio Railroad— The Cleveland, Cincinnati and Columbus Road— The Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg Road— The "Flush Times "—Immense Increase of Paper Money- Inflation of Values- Special Speculation on the Cuyahoga— The Climax in 1830— The Great Crash in 1837— Failure of Banks and Individuals— Stoppage of Public Works- 'Hard Times"— The Patriot War-Deer feeding with the Cows. Work was speedily commenced at various points along the route of the canal; ground being broken at Cleveland on the 4th of July, 1835. At that time begins the rapid growth of Cleveland. Though laid out nearly thirty years before, it was in 1825 a mere village of five or six hundred inhabitants; but from the beginning of the Ohio canal to the present time its growth has been one of the marvels even of the marvelous West. In the autumn of the same year the Erie canal was completed, and boats were set running between Albany and Buffalo. This opened a market for those agricultural productions of northern Ohio which could reach the lake, and a decided improvemeut in prices was the result. In this year, also, the first appropri- ation was made by the general goveroment for a harbor at Cleveland. The circumstances connected with its construction are given in detail in the history of the city. The "Walk-in-the- Water" had been wrecked, but a new steamer, the " Superior," had taken its place. In 1836 the "Henry Clay" came out, and from that time there was a very rapid growth of the steam marine on Lake Erie. All these things greatly increased the travel over the roads of Cuyahoga county. Not only were the farmers of the county eager to reach a port where they could exchange their productions for imported articles, but the slow Pennsylvania Germans of northeastern Ohio, in large numbers, drove their big wagons, with enormously- wide tires, over the muddy roads through Orange, Solon, WaiTcnsville, Bedford, Newburg, etc., to the mouth of the Cuyahoga; inquir- ing there for "de John Blair vat kips de vite fishes," a favorite dealer of the olden time. There they unloaded their flour and wheat, and loaded up with fish, salt, etc. Sometimes three barrels of flour were given for one barrel of salt. By this time the manufacture of "black salts," potash and pearlash had become an important indus- try. The clearing of the land of timber furnished an immense quantity of ashes on nearly every farm; for even those who had quite old locations were con- stantly clearing off new lots. The ashes being leached, the ley was boiled down into a dark solid, known as "black salts." This was usually sold to the owner of a local ashery, frequently the village merchant, who made it into potash or pearlash and sent it east for sale. It could be transported at slight expense, and would always bring cash at some price: consequently many a farmer who could only trade his wheat or oats for "store-pay" of some kind, was obliged to depend on his " black salts" for the money to pay his taxes, and for a few other necessary ex- penses which must be met with cash. By 1836 the people had become satisfied that anew court-house was indispensable for the rising business of the county. As on the erection of the first one in 1813, so again, there was a sharp dispute whether the new one should be located at Cleveland or Newburg. For a long time the latter had been superior to the former in population, business and prosperity. Cleve- land was now increasing much the more rapidly, and bade fair to be an important place, yet Newburg was more centrally located, and a large proportion of the inhabitants favored the removal of the county-seat to that point. The power to make the location was vested in. the county commissioners. One of these died, and of the two others, one favored Cleveland and' one Newburg as the county seat. An election to fill the vacancy came off in 1836. It turned entirely on the county- seat question, one candidate being a friend of Cleve- land and one of Newburg, and a very hot contest was the result. The Cleveland man was elected by a small majority. The next year, 1837, a new, brick court-house was begun, situated in the southwest part of the public square at Cleveland, across the street from the front of the present Forest City House. It Avas completed in 1828, and the first court was held in it on the 38th of October in that year. This was the scene of the administration of justice for Cuyahoga county for thirty years. It was a two-story brick building, with a wooden cupola., standing with its face toward the lake, and was considered a very elegant structure. The lower atory was divided into rooms for the ac- commodation of the various county officers, while the upper story served as a court room. Four years later a substantial stone jail was erected on the ground south of the southwest corner of the square; being in rear of the court-house and across the street from it. This was a gloomy-looking struc- ture, and was commonly called " The Blue Jucr." Among the events of fifty years ago, one which now seems separated by an immense gulf from the ideas of the present day was the organization, in 1837, of the Cuyahoga County Colonization Society; a branch of the national institution of that name, de- signed to promote the removal of the colored people to Africa. It was generally considered to be favor- able to their freedom, as it was supposed that many Southerners would be willing to emancipate their slaves if assured that they would not remain in the PROGRESS, INI*LATI0N AND "HARD TIMES." 71 country; yet the strong abolitionists were decidedly opposed to it. At the meeting for the purpose of organization, in this county, an address was delivered by the Rev. "William Stone, and a prayer by the Rev. S. J. Brad- street. Samuel Oowles, Esq., was chosen president; Rev. Randolph Stone, Hon. Nemiah Allen, Datus Kelley, Josiah Barber and Gen. Lewis R. Dille, vice presidents; A. W. Walworth, treasurer; James S. Clarke, secretary, and Mordecai Bartley, delegate to the national society. On the Fourth of July in this year, (1827,) just two years after ground was broken on the Ohio canal at Cleveland, it was technically "opened for naviga- tion" from Cleveland to Akron with a grand celebra- tion. It was opened under difficulties, however; for the two northernmost locks, which connected the canal with the Cuyahoga river at Cleveland, were not yet completed. But Noble H. Merwin, of the last named place, was determined that there should be a big celebration, not only over the canal but on the canal, on the Fourth of July of that year. So he had the canal- packet " Pioneer " brought from Buifalo, took it up the I'iver above the locks, and hauled it with teams over the embankment into the canal. Thence a large party of the principal people of Cleveland went up the canal on the "' Pioneer," till they met the boat "Allen Trimble," from Akron, having on board the person for whom it was named, who was then gov- ernor of Ohio, together with the canal commission- ers and many others from the central parts of the S tate. Flags fluttered gayly in the breeze, cannon thun- dered their boisterous welcome, speeches full of roseate prophesy were made, and all were intensely enthusi- astic over the great event of the day. Such enthusi- asm over such a cause may seem overstrained in these fast times, when railroads have absorbed nearly all the commerce of this region, and the canals are looked on as extremely old fogyish institutions. Nevertheless the Fourth day of July, 1837, was a great day for northern Ohio. An immense tract, previ- ously almost entirely isolated, was provided with the means of. transporting its produce to the markets of the East, and every kind of business showed an im- mediate and very marked improvement in conse- quence. It is doubtful if railroads would have been built as soon as they were, had not the wealth of the country first been largely increased by the construc- tion of canals. The Ohio canal was completed through the State in five years afterward, and its increased business nearly all poured through Cuyahoga county to seek Lake Erie. Besides the trade with the East, which was so rap- idly being developed at this period, there was also a strong demand for breadstuft's and other articles to send to the distant regions of the Northwest, which the farmers farther up the lakes were unable to sup- ply. In 1827 the Hudson Bay Company advertised for a thousand bushels of white, flint corn, two hun- dred bushels of other corn, and two hundred barrels of flour, besides considerable quantities of salt, pork, tallow, tobacco, highv/ines, etc. Large quantities of produce were also sent to emigrants in Michigan and other Territories, who had not yet raised crops large enough for their own support. Notwithstanding all this commercial activity, and notwithstanding the zeal of tlie pioneers with their rifles, wolves still glided through the forest in many townships, and made rapid slaugliter upon any un- guarded sheep they could discover. In 1827 the county commissioners offered a bounty of fifteen dol- lars for the scalp of every wolf slain in the county. Many of tlie townships also gave from five to ten dol- lars per scalp, so that wolf-hunting was sometimes quite a profitable business. Crimes, too, were not unknown in those "good old times," to which so many look back with fond regret as to an Elysian age. Perhaps there were not as many high-toned criminals — official defaulters and gentlemanly murderers — as there are now, but good, plain thieves were as plentiful as any reasonable per- son could desire. The more daring class devoted themselves largely to horse-stealing, and throughout the West the professors of that art were united in a great fraternity, members of which, of ajiparently re- spectable character, were to bo found in nearly every township. Many a horse, which suddenly left its owner's pasture in the dark and was followed with hue and cry l>y himself and his neighbors, went no farther than the next township, where it was quietly kejDt till the storm had blown over, in the stable of some re- spectable justice of the peace or venerable deacon of the church. The less courageous or more skillful rascals usually devoted themselves to the manufacture of counterfeit money. The " dollar of our fathers " was very apt to be a bogus article. There were reported to be places where bad money was coined in Brecksville, in Royalton, in Middleburg, and doubtless in other secluded localities. The machinery of the Middle- burg institution was found, long after it had been abandoned, on a small island in the midst of a large swamp in that township. Counterfeit half-dollars were the favorite productions of these unlawful mints, though other silver coins were frequently imitated. It was said that large orders for bad silver came from Pennsylvania, where no bank-bills of less than five dollars were allowed to circulate. Prosecutions were extremely difficult, as the criminals were frequently men of some local and political influence, and "straw bail " was readily accepted by the officials. We do not learn so much about counterfeiting bank- bills in those days; partly, doubtless, because that business required more expense and skill than was available in this region, and partly because Ohio bank bills were so poor that it was not very profitable to counterfeit them. Tlie ordinary discount on them in 72 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1830 wtis from twenty-five to thirty per cent., and in some cases it was much larger. A respectable rascal would naturally be ashamed to counterfeit such money as that. Debts against individuals were frequently even less valuable than these heavily discounted bank-bills. We have noticed in a previous chapter that a repre- sentative from Cuyahoga county made the first movement ever made — so far as known — looking to the abolition of imprisonment for debt. By 1830 Ohio had gone to the extreme of liberality toward debtors, and by means of stay-laws and provisions for appraisals had made it almost impossible to collect an account under any circumstances. A Cleveland merchant had a claim of seventy- five dollars against a resident of Middleburg. Being unable to collect it, he sued it, obtained a judgment and directed a Middleburg constable to sell the per- sonal property of the defendant. At the time fixed for the sale the Clevelander went out on horseback to attend it. By law the constable was authorized to appraise the property at what he might consider a reasonable price, and below which it could not be sold. When the creditor arrived, he found that the complaisant oflicial had appraised an old watch, worth about five dollars, at twenty dollars; a dog, probably worth five cents, at ten dollars; a lot of rails at ten cents each, and other things in proportion. Of course a sale was impossible, as no one would bid half of the appraised value, and the unlucky creditor returned home in disgust; the only result of the trip being that his horse had torn off, on the corduroy which formed a large portion of the road, three of the four new shoes which guarded his feet on starting. Among the various cessions of land occurring in connection with the final settlement of the title to the Northwestern Territory, congress assigned fifty- six thousand acres in what was known as the Virginia Military District, for the benefit of the schools of the Western Reserve. In 1831, Harvey Rice, Esq., of Cleveland, was appointed an agent by the State to convert tiiem into money. He opened an ofiice at Millersburg, Holmes county, in the district in ques- tion, and in three years sold all the lands and paid into the treasury of the State about a hundred and fifty tliousand dollars, to be devoted to the exclusive purpose of educating the children of the Western Re- serve. By 1831, land began to rise throughout the country, in consequence of the stimulus supplied by iuternal improvements, especially canals, which were being constructed in numerous localities. The rise was especially noticeable wherever it was supposed that a citymiglit be constructed, and the point at the mouth of the Cuyahoga was not neglected. An association of Buffalonians, known as the Buffalo Company, bought a tract on the west side of the river, and soon afterwards "Ohio City" was laid out at that point. Farmers, too, began to think that they were to be- come wealthy by the rise of their land, and at every little village, especially along the canals and rivers, people began to discuss the probability of the con- struction of a large town there. In 1832, the Ohio canal was finished from Lake Erie to the Ohio river, and its commerce rapidly in- creased to large proportions. In two years after its completion the freight carried upon it amounted to half a million bushels of wheat, a hundred thousand barrels of flour, a million pounds of butter and near seventy thousand pounds of cheese, with other things m proportion. Even this would not be considered very remarkable now, but at that time it made the people stare with wonder and filled their minds with hopes of unlimited riches. In 1834 a proposition was made to incorporate a city which should include both Cleveland and Ohio City, but the leading men on the two sides of the river were unable to agree on the terms of union or the boundaries, and the whole project fell through. In 1835 the first railroad, the Cleveland and New- burg, was incorporated in the county. It was built soou afterwards, and was operated for several years, though only by horse power ; being used for hauling stone and lumber, and occasionally for the carriage of passengers. The Cleveland and Bedford railroad was also incorporated the same year, but was never built. It will be seen that the first beginnings of railroad- ing in this region were very modest, and such were generally its characteristics throughout the country. People planned canals hundreds of miles in length, and constructed them according to the plans, but railroads were awe-inspiring undertakings, and men usually built them from one village to the next one ; if that operation worked well they extended the work to another village, and so on. But in this wide-awake region they soon grew more enterprising; as will speedily be seen. Another cautious attempt at railroading was made about the same time by constructing a tramway, with wooden rails and operated by horse-power, running from the public square at Cleveland up Euclid street, (avenues were then unknown,) and out on the Euclid road, four miles, to the " Doan's Corners" of the early settlers, which "high-toned" people then began to call " East Cleveland." But the tide of enterprise and even of reckless speculation was rapidly rising, and a much more am- bitious project, rather an exception to the usual rail- road enterprises of the day, was soon set on foot. This was the " Ohio Railroad," designed to run from the Pennsylvania line to Toledo, close along the lake shore ; a large part of it being intended to be on piles. Considerable work was done on it, but no iron was laid, and it was abandoned at the time of the great crash which will be mentioned a little farther on. Its corporate rights were transferred to the Junction Rail- road Company, and through it to the Cleveland and Toledo, and finally to the Lake Shore and Southern Michigan Company. " -"»JW ty •\„„.,„l S^M' PHoaRESS, INI'LATION AND "HARD TIMES." 73 At the same prolific period a project was started for a railroad from Cleveland to Cincinnati. The late Hon. John Barr visited Cincinnati, getting up peti- tions in favor of the road, and also spent considerable time at Columbus. The legislature of 1836 readily granted a charter for the proposed road, and also one for the Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg road, and Mr. Barr brought the first copies of both charters to Cleveland. The last mentioned road was to run from Cleveland through Warren to the State line, connect- ing there with a road to Pittsburg, or to any other point on the Ohio river. Its charter was extremely liberal, and is a good specimen of the kind of legislation prevalent in those halcyon days. It allowed the president and directors to create and sell stock as in their judgment the occa- sion might require, without limit as to amount, except that it must not exceed the needs of the company. They had also full power to select a route, condemn land, occupy the road, and transport persons or prop- erty by steam, animal or other power. The projectors were as modest in the estimate of cost, however, as could well be desired. They calculated the expense at seven thousand dollars per mile, though in fact it was more likely to have been twenty thousand. These were the celebrated "flush times; " the period when speculation raged more fiercely — when every one got richer on paper — ^than was ever the case in the United States either before or since. John Law's Mississippi scheme and South Sea bubble, as exploit- ed among the excitable French, could alone outdo the great land-speculation and business-speculation of 1835, '36 and '37. The closing of the United States Bank had been followed by the chartering of an immense number of State banks, some of which had a small amount of capital, more of which had a still smaller amount, and most of which had substantially no capital at all. In the West and South this was peculiarly the case, though the Bast was by no means free from it. The poorer a region was the more banks it had. Their paper was accepted everywhere with the most sublime confidence; private credit was almost unlimited, busi- ness was going ahead at a tremendous rate, and every- body was getting rich— in imagination— with unpar- alleled speed. Eras of inflation, somewhat similar in general character to that one, have been known since then, but none that approached it in the degree of expansion. Of course any place marked out by nature for the site of a great city was, with its vicinity, the scene of au especial energy of speculation. The location at the mouth of the Cuyahoga was not only thus desig- nated by nature, but, by the construction of the canal, had been made in the eyes of the public the future great city of northern Ohio. This was enough. . It made no difference to the speculators that northern Ohio could not then sustain a large city; that there was neither agriculture, man- ufactures uor even commerce to produce sucli a re- sult. Their own roseate hopes colored everything on which they looked, and they saw the few thou- sand people already there expanding to a hundred thousand with unspeakable rapidity; while stately churches, palatial residences and six-story business blocks should overshadow the turbid waters and adorn the rolling uplands of the Cuyahoga. Those of them who lived long did see all this, but not then. The climax of the speculation was in 1836. Not only in Cleveland, but to a less degree in every little village throughout the county, people expected to make their fortune by buying land, holding it a year or two, and selling it at ten or twenty times the pur- chase price; even the farmers were not free from the infection. Produce of every kind emulated the bal- loon-like tendency of real estate. The whole coun- try, (and espeeitilly the tract on the main line of com- munication between the Bast and the West, which then as now ran along the southern shore of Lake Brie), was in a ferment of unlimited money-making on paper, and debt-making in fact. In 1837 the crash came. The inflation by means of plentiful but baseless paper money had been carried as far as it could, and the bubble burst. Nearly all the banks in the country speedily went down under the storm. Private credit was found equally valueless. The whole country staggered under the blow, but of course it was felt with the greatest severity in the West, where there was but little accumulated capital to withstand such a shock, and where the enthusiastic nature of the people had caused them to plunge most i deeply into the tide of speculation. Nearly every business man in Cuyahoga county failed. All the great railroad enterprises of which we have spoken — the Ohio railroad, the Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg road, and the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati road — stopped as if smitten with paralysis, and not a stroke of work was done upon them for years afterward. Numerous buildings in town and country, in various stages of progress, stayed their upward course when the financial col- lapse palsied their owners' hands, and long remained, abandoned and unfinished, " the mournful monu- ments of their intended greatness." The period was long afterward designated as par excellence "The Hard Times," and no one ever dis- puted the propriety of the appellation. Other times have been " hard," but no others have approached in adamantine solidity the dreadful period from 1837 to 1840. During the winter of 1837-8 there was great excite- ment along the whole northern frontier in relation to what was known as the Patriot war — the effort of a small portion of the Canadians to sever the Canadas from the mother country. The few " patriots ' depended principally on the assistance they received from sympathizers on this side. On both the Niagara and the Detroit frontiers there was a good deal of mustering and marching, and a very little fighting, and even in this vicinity, notwithstanding the inter- 10 74 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOG-A COUNTY. vention of the lake, there were a good many efforts to afford aid to those whom a majority of our people looked upon as battling in the cause of freedom. Henry H. Dodge, of Cleveland, was elected by the legislature major general of the ninth division of the Ohio militia, and especially charged with the main- tenance of order along the frontier. His delicate, if not arduous, duties were discharged in a manner en- tirely satisfactory to both the governor of Ohio and the authorities of Canada. There being a sad lack of rebels in Canada, the rebellion was easily extin- guished in 1838, and amid more exciting events soon almost passed from the memory of the busy people on this side. Although, as before stated, the period from 1825, and in fact from 1815, down to 1837, was one of rapid development throughout the country, yet evi- dences were frequently seen that the wilderness was not yet quite numbered among the things of the past. Capt. Lewis Dibble, of Cleveland, mentions seeing a deer near where Willson avenue now is, in 1837, or later. Discovering the presence of man, he bounded away, sailed gracefully over the fences and dashed away into the woods. Still later, Capt. Dibble men- tions seeing deer feeding among the cows in Euclid. In the more retired townships, such as Middleburg, Olmstead, Solon, etc., not only deer but bears and wolves were still occasionally slain by adroit hunters. CHAPTER XIV. THE PEBIOD FKOM 1840 TO 1861. Beginning to recover— Anger at the Party in Power— Formation of Lake County — Its Area — The Water Part of Cuyahoga County- Population in 1840 — The Log-Cabin Campaign — A Fugitive Slave Case— Changes of Boundary on the Line of Orange— Alfred Kelley— Railroad Talk revived— A Vote of Aid— The C. C. & C. Eoad reor- ganized—The Junction Railroad— The Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland Eoad— Dark Prospects- The Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula Eoad— Great Days for Steamboats— List of the Principal Steamers in 1850— Later Steamers— Propellers — Stage Coaches — End of the Hunting and Log-House Period — Population in 1850 — Opening the First Railroad — Other Enterprises go forward — Direct Trade with Europe— A Fleet from Cnyahoga County— American Skill— The Panic of 1857— The Census of 1800— Origin of the Celebration of Peny's Vic- tory—The Contract— The Sculptor— Invitations— Governors Sprague and Dennison— Immense Crowds— The Military Companies— The Ora- tors of the Day— Distinguished Persons Present— The Monument and Statue— Masonic Ceremonies— The Mock Battle— The Military Eeview —The last great Peaceful Gathering— The Political Campaign— The Events of the Winter. By the spring of the year 1840 the people began to recover, though only slowly, from the disastrous finan- cial reverse of 1837. They were still sore and angry over the sudden collapse of the wind-inflated moun- tain of supposed wealth on which they had perched themselves, and were prepared to visit with condign punishment the Democratic party, under whose rule it had occurred; partly because that party was held responsible for the destruction of the old United States Bank and the chartering of so many worth- less State banks, and partly because the party in power is always condemned, on general principles, for whatever disasters may occur while it holds the reigns of government. On the 20th day of March, 1840, the county of Lake was formed, principally from Geauga county, but including the township of Chagrin, (now Wil- loughby,) in this county. This was an extraordinary example of the eagerness of at least a portion of the people for new counties and new offices. The consti- tution of the State required that every county should have an area of at least four hundred square miles. To give the proposed county of Lake such an extent, it was necessary not only to take Willoughby from Cuyahoga, but to estimate as a part of the constitu- tional area that part of the surface of Lake Erie lying between the water-front of Geauga county and the boundary between the United States and Canada. This was decided to be technically a part of Geauga county, and by that method the area of the county was inflated to the desired amount. So it will be remembered that Cuyahoga embraces, not only the tract of about four hundred and fifty square miles of land usually included within its lim- its, but another tract of not less than a thousand square miles of water, with all that lies above it and below it, as far as man can ascend or descend. By the census of 1840 the population of Cuyahoga was twenty-five thousand, five hundred and forty-two, divided among the various townships as follows: Cleveland, 7037; Mayfield, 853; Orange, 1114; Solon, 774; Euclid, 1774; Warrensville, 1085; Bedford, 2021; Newburg, 1342; Independence, 754; Brecksville, 1124; Brooklyn, 1409; Parma, 965; Royalton, 1051; Rock- port, 1151; Middleburg, 339; Strongsville, 1151; Do- ver, 960; Olmstead, 659. The summer and autumn of 1840 were long re- membered as the time of the celebrated "log-cabin" campaign in favor of General Harrison. The West- ern Reserve was one of the strongholds of Whiggery, and a very large majority of the voters of Cuyahoga county were enthusiastic supporters of Harrison. They joined with immense zest in the numerous jubi- lant demonstrations characteristic of that campaign, and when the great celebration was held on the bat- tle field of Tippecanoe nearly half the men in the county turned out to attend it. So strong was the popular feeling, and so eager was the desire to see the celebration, that even the Democrats made the pil- grimage in organized bodies, sharing in the marches and maneuvers of their Whig brethren, but drawing aside and resuming their party fealty as they reap- proached their homes. Cuyahoga gave a large major- ity of her votes for General Harrison, who, as is well known, was triumphantly elected. The situation of Cleveland, as the principal port on the south shore of Lake Erie, made Cuyahoga county a natural resort for slaves seeking to escape from both Kentucky and Virginia. Down to 1841 slave owners were in the habit of sending their agents to Cleveland, who caused those they accused of being runaways to THE PEEIOD FROM 1840 TO 1861. 75 be arrested and taken before a magistrate, when a war- rant was issued, almost as a matter of form, and they were taken to the State of the claimant. In the spring of 1841 three negroes, supposed to have escaped from New Orleans were found in Buf- falo, whence they were kidnapped, brought to Cleve- land, arrested under the old law of the United States, and thrown into jail. Edward Wade and John A. Eoot, two of the few Abolitionists in the city, applied for admission to see them and were refused. Thomas Bolton, (afterwards Judge Bolton,) a prominent law- yer, indignant at this violation of justice, made the same request, and, not being an Abolitionist, was at once admitted. He consulted with the negroes, and announcad his intention of defending them. So strong was the feeling against anything that could be called Abolitionism that much indignation was ex- pressed against Mr. Bolton in consequence, and there was even talk of tearing down his ofiBce. With undaunted firmness, however, he persisted in his course, showed up the iniquity of the proceedings in relation to the kidnapping, and procured the dis- charge of the negroes. The event had a great effect in breaking up the habit of sending off negroes with- out an investigation, and for twenty years no more slaves were taken back to the South from Cuyahoga county. On the 29th day of January, 1841, lots seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, in the southwest corner of the township of Russell, in G-eauga county, were annexed to Orange, in this county; the object being to include the whole of the rising village of Chagrin Falls, which had previously been cut in two, almost in the center, by the county line. At the same time a strip ninety rods wide, lying along the north half of the east line of Orange, was annexed to Russell as a compensation for the former transfer. On the 11th of January, 1843, the strip just mentioned was reannexed to Orange, this being the last change in the much-dis- torted boundaries of Cuyahoga county. So heavy were the burdens caused by unwise speculation and financial disaster, and so eager were demagogues, then as now, to seek popularity by plundering the public creditor, that there was a strong feeling in the legislature of 1843 in favor of repudi- ating the debt of the State. Meanwhile an instal- ment of interest was coming due, and there was no money in the treasury to pay it with. Hon. Alfred Kelley, of Cleveland, who was then State fund-commis- sioner, went to New York and raised half a million dollars on his own security, to meet the payment. For several years after the great crash of 1837 the people of Cuyahoga county were willing to plod along very quietly; only striving that if possible they might recover from that tremendous shock. But about 1844 they began to talk about railroads again. In that year Hon. John Barr wrote a sketch of Cleve- land. and a description of its trade, for the National Review, published in New York. In 1845 Cleveland voted to loan its credit for two hundred thousand dollars, to aid in building a railroad to Cincinnati, and for one hundred thousand dollars to build one to Brie. The same year the charter of the Cleveland, Warren and Pittsburg road was revived; the directors being authorized to build it on the nearest and most practicable route from Cleveland to the Ohio river. The old, lapsed charter of the Cleveland, Colum- bus and- Cincinnati project was also revived, and a new company was organized, with Hon. J. W. Allen, of Cleveland, as president, and Richard Hilliard, John M. Woolsey and H. B. Payne as the other Cleveland directors. The act reviving the charter contained a clause permitting the city of Cleveland to subscribe two million dollars to the stock of the company. This was promptly done, but private sub- scriptions were slow and few, and the prospects of the enterprise were not at all brilliant. In March, 1846, the Junction railroad company was incorporated, with an imaginary capital of three million dollars, and authorized to build a road from the Cleveland to the west line of the State, on such route as might be chosen. About the same time the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland railroad company was incorporated, with authority to build a road from Toledo by Norwalk to connect with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincin- nati road in either Huron or Lorain county. In 1847, so dark was the prospect that it was almost determined to abandon the Cleveland, Colum- bus and Cincinnati road for a time. Its friends, however, made a desperate rally; H. B. Payne and R. Hilliard volunteering to work three months for its interest. The late Leonard Case subscribed five hun- dred thousand dollars; sixty-five thousand dollars was obtained from other sources, and the friends of the road determined to stand by their colors. The next year a contract to build the road from Cleveland to Columbus was let to Harbeck, Stone and Witt; that being the largest contract which had then been made by any party or firm in the United States. The next year, 1848, an act was passed incorpor- ating the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula com- pany to build a road from Cleveland to the Pennsyl- vania line, and in 1849 it was surveyed. Thus the county approaches the end of the first half of this century, with its inhabitants almost as excited as they were in the "flush times," though with: a much more solid basis for their hopes. Ptur important railroads, intended to concentrate at Cleve- land and to traverse all parts of the county, were in various stages of progress, but none were completed. This seems a proper time, therefore, to take a glance at the county as it was before the days of railroads. ^hese were the great days of steamboats on the water and of stage coaches on land. From the time the ice was out of the lake in the spring till the time it came back in the autumn there was hardly an hour in which two or three stately white steamers, with their trailing crests of smoke, were not to be seen 76 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. crossing the watery portion of Cuyahoga county. From the Bast to the West they went loaded with pas- sengers. From the "West to the East they carried some passengers and some freight — though the time of car- rying large quantities of grain and other freight by steamboat had not yet come. Western produce was generally carried east in sloops, schooners and brigs, the white sails of which were to be seen swelling gracefully before the wind, as the deeply laden hulls ploughed thi'ough the waters of the county. Many of these steamei's were of great size, and were fitted up w^ith palatial magnificence. The fol- lowing is a list of the principal ones which were on Lake Erie in 1850, with the tonnage, origin and fate of each, taken substantially from a pamphlet called Marine History of the Lake Ports, published at De- troit in 1877: " De Witt Clinton," of four hundred and ninety- three tons; built at Huron in 1836; sunk at Dunkirk in 1851. " Illinois " (First), of seven hundred and fifty-five tons ; built at Detroit in 1837; lost on Lake Huron in 1868. "Rochester," of four hundred and seventy-two tons; built near Fairport in 1837; wrecked at Erie in 1852 — •seven lives lost. "Cleveland" (First), of five hundred and eighty tons ; built at Huron in 1837; burned at Tonawanda in 1854. "Bunker Hill," of four hundred and fifty-seven tons, built at Black River in 1837; burned at Tona- wanda in 1857. " Anthony Wayne," of three hundred and ninety tons ; built at Perrysburg in 1837 ; exploded in 1850. " Detroit," (Second), of three hundred and fifty tons; built at Newport in 1840; sunk in Saginaw bay in 1854. "Missouri," of six hundred and twelve tons; built at Erie in 1840; converted into a propeller barge in 1868. " Empire," of eleven hundred and thirty-six tons; built at Cleveland in 1844, lost on Long Point in 1870. " New Orleans," of six hundred and ten tons; built at Detroit in 1844; lost at Thunder bay in 1853. " St. Louis," of six hundred and eighteen tons; built at Perrysburg in 1844; wrecked on Lake Erie in 1852. U. S. steamer " Michigan," of five hundred and eighty-three tons; built at Erie in 1844; wrecked. "Niagara" (Second), of ten hundred eighty-four tons; built at Buffalo in 1845; burned on Lake Michi- gan in 1856 — sixty lives lost. "G. P. Grifiith," five hundred and seven tons; built at Buffalo in 1845; burned on Lake Erie in 1850, with a loss of two hundred and fifty lives. " Albany," of six hundred and sixty-nine tons; built at Detroit in 1846; wrecked at Presq' Isle, Lake Huron, in 1853. "Hendrick Hudson," of seven hundred and fifty- nine tons; built at Black river in 1846; burned at Cleveland in 1860. " Louisiana," of nine hundred tons; built at Buffalo in 1846; wrecked at Port Burwell in 1854. "Saratoga," of eight hundred tons, built at Cleve- land in 1846; wrecked at Port Burwell in 1854. " Canada," of eight hundred tons; built at Chip- pewa in 1846; lost on Lake Michigan in 1855. "Baltic," of eight hundred and twenty-five tons; built at Buffalo in 1847; made a barge in 1863. " Sultana," of eight hundred tons; built at Trenton in 1847; wrecked in 1858. "A. D. Patchin," of eight hundred and seventy tons; built at Trenton in 1847; wrecked at Skillagalee in 1850. " Baltimore," of five hundred tons; built at Mon- roe in 1847; wrecked at Sheboygan in 1855. " Diamond," of three hundred and thirty-six tons; built at Buffalo in 1847; broken up at Detroit in 1860. " Pacific," of five hundred tons; built at Newport in 1847; lost on Lake Michigan in 1867. "Ohio " (Second), of six hundred tons; built at Cleveland in 1847; dismantled at Erie in 1859. " Southerner," of five hundred tons; built at Tren- ton in 1847; wrecked on Lake Erie in 1863. "Arrow," of three hundred and fifty tons; built at Trenton in 1848; condemned in Green Bay in 1863. "Alabama," of six hundred tons: built at Detroit in 1848; sunk near Buffalo in 1854. " Franklin Moore," of three hundred tons; built at Newport in 1848; broken up in 1862. "J. D. Morton," of four hundred tons; built at Toledo in 1848; burned on St. Clair river in 1863. "Empire State," of seventeen hundred tons; buiP, at St. Clair in 1848; made a dry dock at Buffalo in 1858. "Queen City," of a thousand tons; built at Buffalo in 1858; lost on Lake Huron in 1866. " Globe," of twelve hundred tons; built at Detroit in 1848; converted into a propeller. "Charter," of three hundred and fifty tons; built at Detroit in 1848; lost on Lake Erie in 1854. "John Hollister," of three hundred tons; built at Perrysburg in 1848; burned on Lake Erie; rebuilt, and lost on Lake Huron. " Atlantic," of eleven hundred tons; built at New- port in 1849; sunk at Long Point — a hundred and fifty lives lost. " Mayflower," of thirteen hundred tons; built at De- troit in 1849; wrecked at Point au Pelee in 1854. " Keystone State," built at Buffalo inl849; sunk in Saginaw bay in 1861 — thirty-three lives lost. We have included in the above list none of less than three hundred tons. Thus it will be seen that, aside from numerous smaller ones, there was in 1850 a fleet of thirty-nine steamers afloat on Lake Erie, ra-nging from those of three hundred tons up to the great •leviathan "Empire State," of seventeen hundred tons. THE PERIOD FROM 1840 TO 1861. 77 Gay times were those. The steamboat, in good weatlier, was as provocative of sociability as the stage- coach, and furnished a great deal more enjoyment. The lake steamer was devoid of the monotony of the ocean vessel, and a voyage of from two days to a week, through changing lakes, and rivers, and straits, with all the splendid accessories of the model lake steamer, by passengers excited with the hope of western fortunes, or Joyous over their return to eastern homes, was an event long to be remembered on the calendar of pleasure. But there Was another and much darker side to the picture. Out of the thirty-nine steamers above men- tioned, no less than thirty closed their career by be- ing burned or wrecked. To be sure many of them sailed ten or fifteen years, and made hundreds of vovages before being lost, but the disaster, when it came, was sometimes appalling. The two hundred and fifty lives lost on the " G. P. Griffith," and the four hundred lost on the " Lady Elgin," furnished the most terrible but not the only examples of the dangers of lake navigation. We have called especial attention to the fleet afloat in 1850, because that was the most brilliant period of lake navigation, which began to decline soon after the completion of railroad communication between the East and the West; but there was a large number of steamers (not usually very large ones) which had gone out of service before that time, besides many, both large and splendid, which were put in commission at a later period. Among the most important of the latter were the "Arctic," of eight hundred and fifty-seven tons; the " Buckeye State," of twelve hundred and seventy-fonr tons; the "Northerner," of fivehundrcd and fourteen tofis; the " Minnesota," of seven hundred and forty- nine tons; the " Lady Elgin," of a thousand and thir- ty-seven tons; the " Iowa," of nine hundred and eighty-one tons; the " Cleveland," (second) of five hundred and seventy-four tons; the "Golden Gate," of seven hundred and seventy-one tons; the " Trav- eler," of six hundred and three tons; the "Michigan," (second) of six hundred and forty-three tons; the "Crescent City," of seventeen hundred and forty tons; the "Queen of the West," of eighteen hundred and forty-one tons; the " St. Lawrence," of eighteen hundred and forty-four tons; the " B. H. Collins," of nine hundred and fifty tons; the "Northern Indiana," of fourteen hundred and seventy tons; the " South- ern Michigan," of fourteen hundred and seventy tons; the " Forester," of five hundred and four tons; the "Plymouth Rock." of nineteen hundred and ninety- one tons; the " Weptern World " of a thousand tons; the "North Star" of eleven hundred and six tons; the " Illinois " (second) of eight hundred and twen- ty-six tons; the "Planet" of eleven hundred and sixty-four tons; the "Western Metropolis" of eight- een hundred and sixty tons; the "City of Buffalo" of two thousand tons; the " City of Cleveland " of seven hundred and «ighty-eight tons; the "Sea Bird" of six hundred and thirty-eight tons; the "Detroit" of eleven hundred and thirteen tons; the "Milwaukee" of eleven hundred and thirteen tons. This list includes the steamers of over five hundred tons put in commission before 1861. The large size of many of them does not contradict, but rather cor- roborates, our previous statement that steamboating began to decline soon after the completion of railroad communication between the East and West; for, of the very large ones, all which were not destroyed were dismantled, or changed into vessels of other descrip- tions, after only a few years' service. Propellers had come into use on the lakes as early as 1843, but for several years they made but little dis- play in comparison with the magnificent side-wheel steamers. As the latter, however, were superseded by the railroads as carriers of passengers, the propellers came to the front as carriers of grain; tailing tiie lead of the steamers in that occupation, and rivaling both the sail vessels and the railroad. Returning to the land part of Cuyahoga county in 1850, we find the people all alive with business and confident of future greatness. When the steamboats were not running, the stages on the lake shore road were loaded and doubly loaded with passengers; throe, four, and even five coaches often passing over the route each way in a single day. The vehicles of the line running over the great turnpike through Brook- lyn, Parma and Strongsville to Columbus were simi- larly crowded in both summer and winter", while those on other routes through the country were only loss heavily loaded. The" close of the last half of this century may be regarded as marking the distinction between the old and the new in this county. The wolves and the bears had already become extinct, and about this per- iod the last of the deer disappeared before the ad- vance of civilization. Certainly they did not wait to hear more than one or two shrieks of the locomotive. To an old pioneer, with a taste for hunting, Cuyahoga county with no deer in it must have sesmed like a new and undesirable world. At this period, too, nearly the last of the log houses which had sheltered the pioneers gave way to the more comfortable frame residences of the farmers and the briek mansions of the thriving citizens. Twenty years before, in at least half of the townships, log houses had been the rule and framed ones the excep- tion. The former had gradually bijen given up, and in 1850 could only be found in some very secluded lo- cality. In such places, even yet, one may now and then be seen, a striking memento of the pioneer days of sixty years ago. By the census of 1850, the population of the county was forty-eight thousand and ninety-nine, distributed as follows: Cleveland, 17,034; Bedford, 1,853; Brecks- ville, 1,116; Brooklyn, 6,375; Chagrin Falls, 1,250; Dover, 1,103; East Cleveland, 2,313; Euclid, 1,447; Indepsndence, 1,485; Mayfield, 1,117; Middleburg, 1,490; Newburg, 1,543; Olmstead, 1,316; Orange, 78 GENERAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1,063; Parma, 1,329; Rockport, 1,441; Eoyalton, 1,253; Solon, 1,034; Strongsville, 1,199; Warrens- ville, 1,410. On the very threshold of the second half of the century, Cuyahoga county received the benefits, more or less, of railway communication; being one of the very first counties in the West to be invaded of the iron conqueror. On the 1st day of February, 1851, a train came through from Columbus over the Cleve- land, Columbus and Cincinnati road, bearing the State authorities and the members of the legislature, when of course a grand Jollification was held. On the 22nd of the same month the road was formally opened for business. The Cleveland and Pittsburg road was completed forty miles the same month, tak- ing it outside the bounds of the county. The other enterprises before mentioned went for- ward as rapidly as could be expected. The Cleveland and Pittsburg road, and the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula road (from Cleveland to Erie) were opened for through business in 1853. The Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland railroad was completed in January, 1853; forming the last link in the chain of railways between Boston and Chicago. The Cleve- land. Painesville and Ashtabula road was at first run in connection with tlie Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati road, but in 1855 its management was separated from that of the latter, and the former naturally fell into close relations with the other roads forming the great line along the lake shore communi- cation fronr the East to the West. In the latter part of this decade a new communica- tion was opened between Cuyahoga county and the outer world. It originated in a schooner called the " Dean," built by Quayle and Martin, of Cleveland, for C. J. Kershaw, of Chicago. It was loaded at the latter post and sent direct to Liverpool (by way of the Welland canal and the St. Lawrence river) where this stranger from the Far West naturally created much surprise. It was sold there. The next year the barque " C. J. Kershaw" was constructed by the same builders, and sent to Liverpool by D. C. Pierce, loaded with staves and lumber; coming back with crockery and iron. Direct trade between Chicago and Liverpool soon failed, but in 1858 a fleet of no less than ten vessels was sent fiom Cleveland to Europe. It consisted of the "D. C. Pierce," sent to Liverpool by Pierce & Barney; the "Kershaw," "Chieftain" and "Black Hawk," sent to London by the same parties; the "11. H. Harmon," sent to Liverpool by T. P. Handy; the "D. W. Sexton," sent to London, and the "J. P. Warner" to Glasgow, both by Mr. Handy; the "H. B. Howe," to Liverpool, by H. B. Howe; the "Correspondent," to Liverpool, by N. M. Standart; and the "Harvest," to Hamburg, by C. Reis. All were loaded with staves and lumber; their total capacity being three thousand six hundred tons. The cargoes of all were sold to good advantage, and six returned successfully with cargoes of crockery, iron and salt. Some of these vessels attracted especial attention when thrown among a lot of English ships which were wind-bound at Land's End. The latter were entirely unable to beat around the point, but the American vessels, by their superior sailing qualities, were able to run close to the wind, unload, reload, and sail on another voyage before one of the others could make its way around the " End." Direct ti-ade with Europe promised to be an im- portant part of the commerce of the country, but it was driven by the rebellion into English hands. In 1858 it was found that the brick court-house, built thirty years before, was entirely inadequate to the rising business of the county, and it was not thought desirable any longer to incumber the public square of Cleveland with county buildings^ Accord- ingly, in that year, a substantial stone edifice, of two storii'S, was erected on ground on the north side of Rockwell street, facing the northwest corner of the square. The panic of 1857 had had a depressing influence upon Cuyahoga county, as upon the rest of the coun- try, but it was so light in comparison with the finan- cial earthquake of 1837 that old stagers did not con- sider it as a very serious matter. By 1860 all busi- ness interests were in the way of rapid recovery. By the census of that year the population of the county was seventy-seven thousand two hundred and six, of whom forty-three thousand four hundred and seventeen were in the city of Cleveland, while the re- mainder occupied the various townships in the fol- . lowing numbers: Bedford, 1,098; Brecksville, 1,034; Brooklyn, 5,358; Chagrin Falls, 1,479; Dover, 1,384; East Cleveland, 3,011; Euclid, 1,769; Independence, 1,663; Mayfield, 1,079; Middleburg, 3,592; Newburg, 2,810; Olmstead, 1,410; Orange, 1,095; Parma, 1,480; Rockport, J, 793; Royalton, 1,297; Solon, 1,009; Strongsville, 958; Warrensville, 1,554. Among the events of the year the most interesting was the celebration of the anniversary of Perry's vic- tory, and the erection of a monument to that hero. The idea originated with Hon. Harvey Rice, who in- troduced a series of resolutions to that effect in June,^ 1857, into the City Council of Cleveland, which unan- imouslyadopted them. A committee of five members of the Council was authorized to contract for the erection of the monument, and to solicit subscrip- tions to meet the expense; it- consisted of Harvey Rice, chairman; 0. M. Oviatt, J. M. Coffinberry, J. Kirkpatrick, and C. D. Williams. In the autumn the committee contracted with T. Jones and Sons, proprietors of marble works at Cleve- land, who agreed to provide all materials and erect a monument surmounted with a statue of Perry, in the best style of the sculptor's art, subject to the approval of the committee, in time for the celebration on the tenth of September, 1860. The price was to be six thousand dollars, if so much could- be obtained bj <;:^Cw^ THE PERIOD FROM 1840 TO 1861. •^9 subscription from the citizens of Cleveland, as to which the contractors took all the risk. After corresponding with various artists, Messrs. Jones and Sons procured the services of Mr. William Walcutt as the sculptor of the statue. A block of rough Carrara marble was imported from Italy, and the entire work of shaping the statue was performed in the studio of Messrs. Jones and Sons at Cleveland. On account of the increased cost of the monument, as finally approved, the contract price was increased to eiglit thousand dollars — always provided it could be obtained by subscription. The work went forward, and in the forepart of 1860 the council sent out a larger number of invita- tions to the approaching fete. These included the son, daughter and other relatives of Commodore Perry; all the survivors of the battle, the governor, State ofi&cers, etc., of Ohio, the governor. State officers and legislature of Rhode Island (the State of Perry's residence), and numerous distinguished individuals throughout the country. It was determined to locate the monument in the center of the public square, at Cleveland. The celebration was fixed for Monday, the 10th of September, 1860. On Saturday, the 8th, Governor Sprague, of Rhode Island, with his staff, the State ofiBcers and many members of the legislature of that State, and the Providence Light Infantry, arrived at Cleveland; being received with a speech of welcome by Governor Dennison, of Ohio, who was already in the city. Immense crowds of people also came by all the railroads, so as to be ready for the celebration on Monday. Thousands upon thousands also came by teams on Saturday and Sunday, from all the country round. During Monday forenoon every railroad brought an almost continuous succession of trains; all the cars being loaded with people, inside aud out. After careful computation it was estimated by cautious and experienced men that at least one hundred thousand visitors were in the city during the afternoon of Monday. The procession was of great length; General J. W. Fitch being marshal of the day. It was headed by eighteen companies of uniformed militia, of which the folowing were of this county: Cleveland Light Artillery regiment, under Colonel James Barnett and Lieutenant Colonel S. B. Sturges, consisting of com- panies A, B, D and E, commanded respectively by Captains Simmons, Mack, Rice and Heckman; the Brooklyn Light Artillery under Captain Pelton; the Cleveland Light Dragoons, under Captain Haltnorth; the Cleveland Grays, under Captain Paddock; the Cleveland Light Guards, under Captain Sanford. The military was followed by Govs. Dennison and Sprague and their staffs ; the guests from Rhode Island; the mayor and common council of Cleveland; Messrs. Jones and Sons, contractors ; officers and soldiers of the war of 1813; survivors of the battle of Lake Erie; descendants and relatives of Commodore Perry; William Walcutt, the sculptor; George Ban- croft and Dr. Usher Parsons (surgeon in the battle,) orators of the day; and the judges and clergy of the vicinity. Following these came, a very large number of the Masons of northern Ohio and neighboring States, marshaled by their respective officers; the In- dependent Order of Odd Fellows; and a long aiTay of citizens and strangers. Among the distinguished persons present, besides those already named, were Oliver Hazard Perry, the son of the Commodore; Rev. Dr. G. B. Perry, a rel- ative of the commodore, and chaplain of the dav; Commodore Stephen Ohamplin, a cousin of Perry, and commander of the "Scorpion" in the battle; and Capt. Thomas Brownell, pilot of the "Ariel." The monument and statue had been set u23 in the public square, which since that time, and in honor of the occasion, has been called Monumental Park.* The services were held there; the statue being unveiled by the sculptor. The pedestal is of Rhode Island granite, twelve feet high, while the statue, of Italian marble, is eight feet two inches in hight. Of course it faces the lake which was the scene of the great victory. On the lake front of the monument is a representa- tion, in alto relievo, of the celebrated scene when the hero passed amid a shower of bullets from the deck of the stricken "Lawrence" to that of the "Niag- ara." The statue itself is very spirited in design and execution, and, while we do not feel competent to speak of those technical points which a sculptor would observe, yet we can truly say that not only was it highly satisfactory to those who knew the commodore, as a piece of life-like portraiture, but it is in exact harmony with all American traditions regarding the brave, handsome, dashing, high-spirited victor of the battle of Lake Erie. Since the ce'ebration two smaller figures by the same artist, a " Sailor Boy " and a " Midsliipman," have been placed on the monu- ment, on either side of the chieftain. George Bancroft, the distinguished historian, de- livered the principal address, and Dr. Usher Parsons narrated the events of tlie battle, as they came under his observation. The proceedings at the square were closed by the impressive ceremonies of the Masonic order. One of the most interesting events of the day, to the people at large, was the mock battle on the lake, which followed the ceremonies at the square, in which the two fleets which had met in deadly combat forty- seven years before, were faithfully reproduced by vessels of similar size, and in which, after a furious cannonade and the representation of the principal incidents of the real combat, the British ships, one after the other, struck their colors to the victorious Americans. The following day the military companies present held a grand parade, and were reviewed by Governors * A.S most of our readers are probably aware, the monument has been moved during the present season to a point nearer the southeast coi'ner of the park. 80 GENERAL HISTORY OP CtJYASOGA COtTNTY. Dennison and Spragne. This closed by far the great- est and most interesting celebration that Cuyahoga county had ever seen. We have described it at considerable length, for it was not only a brilliant event of itself but it was the most striking occurrence in this county, during the last year of peace. The patriotic memories of the past were insufficient to restrain the madness of the of the slave-propagandists, and when next the streets of Cleveland resounded with the tread of hurrying crowds, there was no mock battle in prospect. The political campaign, which was in progress when the great celebration took place, resulted, as is well known, in the triumph of the Republican party, and the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presi- dency. It is needless here to recount at length how this manifestation of the people's will was made an excuse for rebellion by the slave-holders of the South; how State after State abandoned its allegiance, and how the coming of spring found a Southern Con- federacy already organized and armed, in defiance of the authority of the republic for which Perry fought. Here, as elsewhere throughout the North, men looked on in amazement at this disloyal madness, and it was not until the blow actually fell upon the walls of Sumter that they could bring themselves to believe in the reality of such senseless infamy. CHAPTER XV. DURINU ABTD SIIVOE THE "WAB. The Uprising of the People— Camp Taylor— Our Plan of Showing Ser- vices of Soldiers— Lists of Soldiers— The Ladies' Meeting— Permanent Organization —Co-operation with other Societies— Dr. Newberry— The Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio— Numerous Subordinates- Fort Donelson— Pittsburg Landing— The Territory Tributary to the Society— No Slate Lines -Pressed for Means— A. Gift of Ten Thousand Dollars—" Soldiers' Acres" and "Onion Leagues "—The Northern Ohio Sanitary Fair— lis Success— Immense Returns— Other Labors— A Threatened Draft Riot-Dispersal of the Mob-The "Squirrel Hunters" —Cuyahoga Governors— Tod and Brough— Brough's Exertions in 18G4— The Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad— The Soldiers become Men of Peace— Prof. Newberry— The Census of 1870— The Crisis of 1873— The Fourth Court-House— The Jail— Conclusion. Ojf the 14th of April, 1861, the storm burst. The Cleveland papers of the next morning contained a full account of the assault upon Sumter. As the High- landers of three centuries ago sprang to arms when tlie fiery cross was sent among them by their cliief- tains, thus, and almost as swiftly, responded the men of the North when the daily newspapers told the story of their country's danger. The sons of Cuyahoga county were ready with the foremost. From the stores and offices Of the city, from the shops of the villages, from the farms of the country, they came forward to do liattle for the integrity of the nation. The Cleveland Grays and Company D of the Cleveland Light Artillery were two of the very first companies to take the field for three months, to give an oppor- tunity for the organization of a permanent force. On the 33d of April Camp Taylor was established at Cleveland by the governor, and made the rendezvous of the volunteers from northern Ohio. By the 37 th of the same month several thousand men were in camp, coming from nearly all the counties of the section named. Cuyahoga county furnished three companies, and parts of several others, who became members of the Seventh infantry. In order to give even an idea of the services of the soldiers of Cuyahoga county during the war, we find it necessary to furnish a separate sketch of each regiment and battery in which it were represented. As Cuyahoga had soldiers in no less than sixty-two regiments of infantry and cavalry, and seventeen batteries of artillery, many of these sketches must of necessity be exceedingly brief. Their size is made proportionate, so far as j^ossible, to the number of men from this county in each organization, and to the amount of service rendered. Bach sketch of a regiment or battery is followed by a list of the soldiers serving in it who were residents of this county at the time of the war, with a state- ment of their respective enlistments, promotions, discharges, etc. These have been compiled with great care from the records in the adjutant-general's office at Columbus, and are perfect transcripts from them. It is possible that there may be defects in the rolls in the adjutant-general's office, either from the soldier's giving the wrong residence, or from acci- dental causes, but this we cannot avoid. So far as the historical sketches are concerned, we have depended largely on Reid's " Ohio in the War,'' the correctness of which we find to be endorsed by all the Ohio soldiers who have examined it and whom we have talked with on the subject. In regard, how- ever, to those regiments which are largely represented from this county, wo have taken pains to consult with surviving members and obtain from them an account, not only of the principal services of each command, but of some of the numerous incidents which lend variety to the story of life in the field. When regimental or battery histories have been pub- lished, these have been the jjrincipal sources of in- formation. These historical sketches, each with its accompanying list of soldiers from Cuyahoga county, follow immedi- ately after this chapter; being arranged according to the regimental or battery number in, successively, the infantry, cavalry and artillery arms of the service. The people warmly sustained the efforts of their gallant soldiers, and the ladies were especially zealous in doing so. On the 30th of April, five days after the President's first call for troops, the ladies of Cleveland assembled for the purpose of offering what- ever aid they could give, though as to what it would be they, like every one else, were profoundly ignorant. For a few days the more active scraped lint and made bandages, and made "raids " on the people to obtain blankets for new volunteers, as yet unprovided with those necessary articles. In a short time the Ladies' Aid Society of Cleve- land was permanently organized. As this soon be- DURING AND SINCE THE WAR. 81 came the head of the various movements in northern Ohio in aid of the soldiers, and in six or seven months assumed the name of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio, it should properly be considered as an institution of a genei-al character, and some of its acts should be narrated in the general history of the county. The first permanent officers were Mrs. B. Rouse, president; Mrs. John Shelley and Mrs. Wm. Melheich, vice presidents; Mary Clark Brayton, sec- retary; and Ellen F. Terj-y, treasurer. In the spring of 1863, Mrs. Lewis Burton became vice president; Mrs. Shelley having removed from the county. The secretary and treasurer served faithfully throughout the war, and have since published a handsome and interesting book on the workings of the society, en- titled " Our Acre and its Harvest," from which we have derived the items given here. The leaders of the Cleveland society speedily in- vited the co-operation of the smaller places, sending out an immense number of circulars to clergymen, prominent citizens, ladies, etc. Numerous societies were soon organized in nearly all the townships of this county and the adjoining counties; some being start- ed independently and some on account of the sug- gestions of the Cleveland organization, but almost all being soon drawn into affiliation with it; being con- vinced that they could best attain their object by act- ing in subordination to it. In September, 1861, Dr. J. S. Newberry, of Cleve- land, was made secretary of the Western department of the United States Sanitary Commission, and thenceforth had general supervision of the afEairs of that association in the valley of the Mississippi. In the following month the Cleveland Aid Society was made a corresponding branch of the United States Sanitary Commission. On the 30th of November, 1861, its name was changed to the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio, as already mentioned. Thenceforth its acts and fame were national rather than local. Its benevolence was not even bounded by State lines, but extended to all who wore the Union blue. At the time of the change of name just noted, the society was receiving contributions from two hundred and forty-three towns of northern Ohio, of which a hundred and twenty had branch organizations. Find- ing that steady contributions were necessary, rather than spasmodic efforts, the Aid Society prevailed on a large number of citizens to make pledges of small, regular amounts weekly, on which the officers could rely to snpply increasing needs. After the capture of Fort Donelson, a thousand sets of hospital clothing and a hundred and sixty boxes of supplies were sent forward. But it was after the bat- tle of Pittsburg Landing that the greatest excitement prevailed. Nearly every regiment from the Western Reserve was present, hundreds of men from Cuya- hoga county were among the killed and wounded, and the whole community felt the shock. Thou- sands of contributions of every description flowed in upon the ladies of the society, by whom they were forwarded to the- suffering soldiers. By the first of July, 1862, there were three hundred and twenty-five societies organized as branches of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio. These associations collected funds and supplies in their own way, receiving suggestions from the Northern Ohio Society as to what was best to be done. The sup- plies were then forwarded to the latter association which sent them to whatever points they were most, needed. The officers of the Northern Ohio Society refused to receive money from any of the subordinate organizations; thinking it better that it should be in- vested in material, prepared for use by the members of the various associations at home, and then for- warded by means of the facilities which the Northern Ohio Society could furnish. There were tributary to it at this period, and during the latter part of the wasr, nearly all the societies in the counties of Trum- bull, Ashtabula, Mahoning, Columbiana, Carroll, Stark, Tusacarawas, Portage, Geauga, Lake, Summit, Wayne, Holmes, Ashland, Lorain, Huron, Erie, Me- dina and Cuyahoga; besides a small part of North- western Pennsylvania. A list of contributions was published weekly in the Cleveland Herald. The ladies also availed themselves of the offer made by Mr. Edwin Cowles of the use of two columns weekly of the Cleveland Leader, for such use as they might find necessary. It will be remem- bered that the society was not only a sort of general agency for all northern Ohio, but was also the di- rect agent for all Cleveland contributions. It were impossible to tell the story of a hundredth part of the services performed by it; of delicacies of all kinds sent to the wounded and the sick; of clothing and bed furniture supplied to hospitals; of friends fur- nished with information; these and hundreds of sim- ilar services were performed day after day, month after month, year after year, from the beginning to the end of the war, for soldiers of every State from Maine to Kansas; alike for the stalwart heroes of Minnesota and the persecuted Unionists of Tennessee. In the winter of 1863-3 the society had over four hundred branches. Yet money and contributions then came in slowly, for taxes were heavy, prices of all kinds were high, and the exertions of the last two years had told seriously on the resources of the people. It was aided by lectures by the celebrated Elihu Bur- ritt, and by the scarcely less celebrated Artemus Ward (whilom a resident of Cleveland under the name of Charles F. Brown), and ere long it received a gift of ten thousand dollars, part of a large dona- tion from California. This seemed then like a very large amount, being accepted only in instalments, and previous efforts to secure a permanent supply being steadily continued. At this time there was a cry for more vegetables, on the ground that scurvy was appearing in the army. The Northern Ohio Society promptly forwarded large quantities of potatoes and onions, and at the 11 82 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. same time endeavored to enlist the people within its influence in providing for a permanent supply of tliose and similar articles. Many farmers set aside a "soldier's acre" for this purpose in the spring, and even the children parodied the " Union leagues " of the day with " Onion leagues," which cultivated beds of that useful vegetable for the benefit of the nation's defenders. In February, 1864, the Northern Ohio Sanitary Fair was organized under the management of the association; an immense frame structure being built in the center of Monumental Park, at Cleveland, over Perry's statue, at a cost of ten thousand dollars. As this was half as much as the gross receipts of any sanitary fair yet organized, it was deemed a very haz- ardous expenditure. The fair was inaugurated on the twenty-second of February, and after a most brilliant display and numerous successful entertainments it was found that the gross receipts were a trifle over a hundred thousand dollars, while the expenses were but about twenty-one thousand dollars. The sub- stantial surplus thus acquired enabled the ladies of the association to extend their operations, and to supply a much larger number of sick and wounded soldiers than before with comforts and delicacies, which in some degree mitigated their sufEei'ings. The labors of the association were continued to the end of the war, and even after its close thousands of invalid soldiers received its aid, while the families of the dead were assisted in the procurement of pen- sions, and in numerous other ways. We have spoken at some length (considering the many subjects requiring mention in such a book as this) of the association and its work; for during those fateful years it was really one of the great institutions of Cuyahoga county, and was also a faithful exponent of the feelings of the people. Nearly all the quotas called for from the county were filled by volunteering. A draft was ordered, however, in September, 1863, to fill some vacancies, and at one time serious trouble seemed imminent. A mob of five hundred or six hundred persons, armed with clubs, pistols, etc., surrounded the office of Hon. Harvey Rice, commissioner of the draft, on account of imaginary unfairness in its management. Meeting them firmly, he sent to Camp Cleveland, on Wood- laud Hights, for military aid. Shields' Nineteenth battery, just organized, was there, awaiting orders to go to the front. They were armed with venerable Austrian muskets, and with an old six-pounder used to fire salutes with. They came hastily down; their muskets being loaded with ball cartridge, and their solitary cannon half filled with a miscellaneous assortment of nails, scrap iron, bullets and other death-dealing missiles. When the mob made some extra violent demonstrations, the command, acting as infantry, charged bayonet and drove them from the square, but, fortunately for both parties, was not called on to fire the miscellaneous load out of the cannon. Mr. Rice then permitted the people to send in a committee to examine the operations of the office, who found that everything was conducted with the utmost fairness. This was the only serious attempt at rioting, or opposition to the law, made during the war, in Cnyahoga county. Besides the numerous organizations mentioned in the following chaptei's, when the State was threatened with invasion by Bragg in 1863, and a large number of "squirrel hunters" were called on to help defend it, a company marched to the front, from Berea and vicinity, armed with their "squirrel rifles," and ready to aid in repelling the enemy if necessary. They were not called on to do so, however, and some returned homo. It was not strange that Cuyahoga county mani- fested so much energy and zeal in the Union cause; for two of the war governors of Ohio resided wholly or partially within its limits. Hon. David Tod, who was elected governor by the Union Republican party in the autumn of 1861, taking his seat on the Ist of January following, had a residence at Cleveland, and also one outside of the county. Hon. John Brough, the leonine statesman who was elected by the Repub- licans over Vallandigham in the autumn of 1863 by a hundred thousand majority, was also a resident of Cleveland, and president of the Bellefontaine railroad company. In the spring of 1864 he consulted with other western governors and proposed that they call out a hundred thousand men for a hundred days, to guard posts and otlierwise aid in achieving success in the campaign of that year. All agreed, as did the war department at Washington. The latter tele- graphed for thirty thousand Ohio militia in ten days. Thirty-eight thousand responded within the time. This sturdiest of Unionists and most ener- getic of governors died in the office he had done so much to dignify and make useful. During the war business was active, on account of the great mci'ease of paper money in volume and de- preciation in value; yet there were few permanent im- provements made; both because people's minds were absorbed in the war, and because they were unwilling in the disturbed state of the finances to make large government investments. The principal public en- terprise which was carried out at this period in north- ern Ohio was the Atlantic and Great Western rail- road, which was built principally with foreign capital. In 1863, it leased the Cleveland and Mahoning rail- road for ninety-nine years, and immediately supplied it with an extra track; so it could be used for broad or narrow gauge cars. It has been employed espe- cially for the transportation of coal from the beds of Mahoning county, immense amounts of which have been brought to Cleveland, the manufactories of which have been greatly stimulated thereby. On the close of the war the soldiers of Cuyahoga county, like those of the rest of the Union, at once put ofE their military habits and resumed the avoca- tions of civil life. Less than six months saw the transformation complete, and all the energy lately -^4^^^^^^^^ FIRST AND FIFTH INFANTRY. 83 given to the arts of destruction^mployed in those of construction. But the latter, though more pleasant, and in the long run more important, than the former, do not by any means make so brilliant a mark on the page of history. The current of events flows broadly, swiftly and beneficently onward in peace, but it is the rapids and cataracts of war which strike the eye. In 1869, Professor Newberry, before mentioned in connection with the Sanitary Commission, was ap- pointed chief geologist of the State of Ohio. As such, with a corps of assistants, he made an exhaustive geological survey of the State, embodied in several valuable' volumes. By the census of 1870 the population of the county, notwithstanding the war, had reached the number of one hundred and thirty-two thousand nine hundred and three. Of these ninety-two thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight were in Cleveland, while the remainder were to be found in the respective townships as follows: Bedford, 1,788 ; Brecksville, 1,007 ; Brooklyn, 3,713 ; Chagrin Falls, 1,321 ; Dover, 1,145 ; East Cleveland, 5,044; Euclid, 3,188; Independence, 1,761 ; Mayfield, 893 ; Middleburg, 3,662; Newburg, 6,237; Olmstead, 1,570; Orange, 1,802; Parma, 1,433; Rockport, 3,001; Royaton, 1,089; Solon, 899; Strongsville, 896; Warrensville, 1,426. It will be seen that, while the agricultural township had increased very little, and some of them had decreased, since the i)revious census, the popula- tion of Cleveland had more than doubled, besides the large number who had located in the adjoining towns, so as to become in fact suburban residents of the city. In 1873 the same causes, inflation and speculation, which had brought about the financial crash of 1837, produced another, far less violent than the one men- tioned but more injurious than that which occurred in 1857. Business and improvements of all kinds received a severe check, five years saw but slight progress, and it is only during the present season that a decided change for the better has been observed. In 1875 the fourth court-house of Cuyahoga county was begun, and so far completed in 1876 as to be used by the courts and for other public purposes. The court-house erected in 1858 is also still in use. It is somewhat difficult to describe the new one; for one hardly knows whether to give its dimensions and appearance as it is, or as it is to be. Probably the former is the safer method, with a brief reference to what it may be. The present building, then, is of stone, and fronts on Seneca street, extending back nearly to the court- house of 1858. Its width is seventy-five feet and its depth ninety-two feet. There is a high basement story, occupied by some of the county officers and for other purposes. On the first story above this is a wide hall, with the rooms of the probate judge and. sheriff on either side. On the second floor is the criminal court room, sixty-eight feet long, sixty feet wide and thirty-five feet high, .and very elaborately finished. On the third, or Mansard, floor are rooms for the use of juries and for other purposes. The proposed north wing is to be thirty-four feet front and eighty-four feet deep. The south wing is to be forty-nine feet front and eighty four feet deep, and it is expected that in due time it will be sur- mounted by a tower a hiindred and twenty feet high. The wings, when completed, are to be occupied by the various courts and county officers who are now located in the building of 1858. A very large and strong jail was also built in 1875, on the same ground (north of the court house), for- merly occupied by the jail of 1851, which was removed to give place to its successor. The new jail, very substantially built of stone, has three departments, respectively for men, women and boys. The men's department is sixty feet wide by a hundred and thirty feet long, with one hundred and twenty cells. The boys' department is twenty feet by twenty-four, with sixteen cells. The women's department is in the same building as the sheriff's residence, and like- wise has sixteen cells. The whole building last men- tioned is ninety feet by thirty-seven, and three stories high. Notwithstanding the financial closeness since 1873, numerous local improvements have been made tliroughout the county, which are noticed under their appropriate heads. We now close the consecu- tive record of Cuyahoga county for the purpose of presenting our readers with sketches of various or- ganizations pertaining to it, beginning with the regiments and batteries representing that county in the war for the Union. CHAPTER XVI. FIRST AND FIFTH INFANTRY, Organization of First Infantry— The Cleveland Grays— Vienna —BuU Eun— Reorganization for Three Years— Cuyahoga Companies— In Kentucky and Tennessee— Pittsburg Landing— A Fight at Huntsville -Stone River— Chiclcamauga— Orchard Knob— Capture of Mission Rldge—Resaoa— Burnt Hickory— Number of Engagements— Mustered Out— Members from Cuyahoga County— The Fifth Infantry— Connec- tion with Cuyahoga County— Men Transferred from Seventh— List of Members. FIRST INFANTKY. The First Infantry was organized in April, 1861, in response to the President's first call for troops. The Cleveland Grays, an old and highly esteemed militia organization, formed one of its companies, under Captain T. S. Paddock, and Lieutenants Jeremiah Ensworth and J. B. Hampson. So prompt was the answer to the call that within sixty hours afterwards the regiment was on its way to the capital. It was attached to General Schenck's brigade and was 611 route to Vienna when its first engagement with tlie enemy was had. The rebels fired into the train, when the First tjuickly formed on the side of the 84 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. track, followed by the other regiments, and made so effective a resistance as to be enabled to retire with but small loss. In the battle of Bull Run the regi- ment took no active part, but rendered excellent ser- vice in guarding the retreat. In August, 1861, the reorganization of the regi- ment for three years' service was begun, but not completed until October. Company D was largely from Cuyahoga county, as well as a few men from companies F, G and I. In November the regiment was made a part of the Fourth Brigade of the Second Division, under General McCook. From December 17th, 1861, until February 14th, 1862, it remained in camp at Green River, Kentucky. On the 17th the brigade marched to Nashville; arriving five miles out on Franklin Turnpike it went into camp. On the 31st it crossed Duck river and moved toward Sa- vannah. On the morning of April 6th the march was re- sumed. Savannah reached at half past seven p.m., and Pittsburg Landing at daylight the next morning. At six a.m., the First moved to the front and formed in line of battle. After fighting until noon, repeatedly charging the enemy and recapturing Gen- eral Sherman's headquarters, the regiment retired to procure ammunition. This being obtained, it again advanced and participated in the general charge on the enemy's front. The First was then sent to assist Colonel Gibson's command; arriving just in time to repel a vigorous attack. In this battle the regiment was commanded by Colonel B. F. Smith, and lost sixty officers and men. On May 27th six companies of the First, under Major Bassett Langdon, had a sharp fight at Bridge Creek. At Huntsville they took the cars and reached Boiling Fork, a tributary of the Elk river, July 1st. On the 28th the regiment moved to Altamont, and September 1st to Nashville, passing through Man- chester, Murfreesboro and Lavergne. At Dog-walk, on the 9th of October, the First took part in the bat- tle, and lost several men. On the 11th it joined General Buell's forces at Perryville. On December 31st the battle of Stone river com- menced. The First was stationed on the right of E. W. Johnson's division. A half hour's brisk skirmish- ing followed, and the enemy was promptly checked. A heavy force appeared and made an attack on the First, compelling it to fall back. In doing this, much confusion occurred and the whole right wing was forced back. At the Nashville and Chattanooga rail- road re-enforcements arrived, and the enemy was driven back. After many hard marches and a number of sharp skirmishes, the regiment reached Stevenson, Alabama, August 30th, 1863, to take part in the Chickamauga campaign. On the 19th of September it reported to Genei-al Thomas, and was placed in the front line under heavy firing. A charge was made on the ene- my, General Baird's position retaken and several pieces of artillery captured. A most terrific fight ensued in the darkness, and the First was compelled to change position. In doing this they fell back about one hundred and fifty yards. The enemy soon retired and the battle ceased for the night. The next afternoon the First and the Louisville Legion charged and put to rout a body of the enemy, but at length shared in the general disaster which befell the army. The regiment lost in this fight one hundred, and twenty men. On the 20th of October the First formed a part of the force that surprised and captured the ridge be- tween Lookout valley and Racoon mountain. On November 23d the regiment engaged in the bat- tle of Orchard Knob, and on the 25th rendered noble service at the capture of Mission ridge. The entire loss of the Seventh during this battle was five officers and seventy-eight men, killed and wounded. On January 17th, 1864, during the East Tennessee cam- paign, the regiment had a brisk engagement at Straw- berry Plains, losing some men. On the Atlanta cam- paign. May 10th, 1864, at Buzzard's Roost, several were wounded and thi-ee killed. May 14th, at Re- saca, Georgia, two were killed and sixteen wounded, and the next day four were killed and twelve wounded. At Adairsville the regiment had a sharp skirmish; losing two killed and two wounded. At Burnt Hick- ory, May 27th, eight men and two officers were killed and seventy-one men wounded. June 17th, atKene- saw, eight men were wounded. At the crossing of Chattahoochie river two men were killed. During its term of service the First was engaged in twenty-four battles and skirmishes, and had five hundred and twenty-seven officers and men killed and wounded. The last man of the regiment was mus- tered out October 14th, 18G4. MEMBERS FEOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Edward J. Collins, enrolled August 17, 1861; promoted to First Lieuten- ant March 25, 1863, and to Regimental Quartermaster May 8, 1863. Mustered out with regiment Septemlier 24, 1864. William A. Davidson, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861 ; promoted to Quartermaster. Mustered out with the regiment. James Hill, enrolled as Regimental Quartermaster August 23, 1861 ; pro- moted to First Lieutenant and transferred to Company H May 8, 1863. Resigned October 17, 1883. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Andrew J. Mabb, enrolled August 18, 1861; promoted to Commissary Sergeant. Mustered out with regiment. COMPANY D. James B. Hampson, enrolled as Captain August 17, 1861; promoted De- ( cember 31, 1863, to Major 124th Regiment. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Georgia, May 27, 1864. George L. Hayward, enrolled as First Lieutenant August 17, 1861-; pro- moted to Captain December 10, 1862, to Lieutenant Colonel 129th Regiment July 2rth, 1863. Sylvanus S. Dixon, enrolled as First Sergeant August 20, 1861: promoted to Second Lieutenant June 24, 1862, and to First Lieutenant Novem- ber 15, 1863. Killed near Dallas, Georgia, May 27, 1864 Alexander Varian, enrolled August 20, 1861; promoted to Second Lieu- tenant May 26, 1862, and to First Lieutenant December 10, 1862. Died June 2, 1864, of wounds received at Resaca, Georgia. William M. Carpenter, enrolled as Second Lieutenant August 17, 1861 ; promoted to First Lieutenant May 26, 1862. Resigned April 10, 1863. Willard C. Prentiss, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861; promoted to Second Lieutenant December 10, 1862. Resigned June 10, 1863. Charles Wherritt, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861. William Duncan, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861. Heni-y Galloway, enrolled as Sergeant August 20, 1861. SEVENTH INPANTEY. 85 Rufus A. Hampson, enrolled as Corporal September 1, 1881. Orrin J. Brown, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861. George A. Wilson, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861. Killed at the battle of Resaca, Georgia. Leavitt Aldrich, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861. Clement H. Farier, enrolled as Corporal August 20, 1861. Joh.i Mullen, enrolled as Musician August 20, 1861. James B. De Land, enrolled as Masician Auzust 20, 1861. Charles H. Anderton, enlisted August 17, 1861. Samuel M. Bearby, enlisted August 20, 1861, Killed. John L. Buihiell, enlisted August 20, 1861. Eli Bennett, enlisted August 1'', 1861. William Buibeck, enlisted August 17, 1861. Edwin Barber, enlisted August 17, 1861. Charles W. Campbell, enlisted August 17, 1861. William Caolder, enlisted August 17, 1831. Horace J. Conant, enlisted August 17, 1861. John F. Cady, enlisted August 17, 1861. William Cowan, enlisted August 17, 1861. Robert A Oarran, enlisted August 17, 1S61. Lawrence Dubber, enlisted August 17, 1861. William P. De Land, enlisted August 17, 1861. Mwvin L. Eddy, enlisted August 17, 1861 . Horace W. Farwell, enlisted August 17, 1861. Frankiu A. Farwell, enlisted August 17, 1861. Reuben Goss, enlisted August 19, 1861. Henry vv. Hayward, enlisted August 18, 1861. William C. Isham, enlisted August 18, 1861. Enoch F. Jones enlisted August 18, 1861. Reuben B. Kelley, enUsted August 19, 1861. Albert C. Leach, enlisted August 19, 1871. Samuel A. Lamoreaux, enlisted August 18, 1861. Joseph C. Merrick, enlisted August 18, 1861. Chester C. Pulver, enlisted August 17, 1861. Louis W. Pick, enlisted August 17, 1861. Eugene Roberts, enlisted August 19, 1861. Charles L. Scobie, enlisted August 18, 1861. Frederick Scan, enlisted August 18, 1861. James M. Sala, enlisted August 20, 1861. Benjamin Sala, enlisted August 20, 1861. Christopher Tod, enlisted August 20, 1801. Henry R. Van Ness, enUsted August 20, 1861. James Van Fossen, enlisted September 9, 1861. John A. WiUdnson, enlisted August 20, 1801. . Julius C. Watterson, enli ted August 19, 1861. Robert F. Watterson, enlisted August 19, 1861. Frederick Zimmerman, enlisted August 18, 1861. COMPANY F. William Hall, enlisted December 11, 186.3. Transferred to Company H. James McGee, enlisted November 23, 1863. Transferred to Com pany H COMPANY a. Simon Keck, enUsted September 30, 1861 Discharged November 4, 1865. Jacob Welch, enlisted September 29, 1864 Discharged October 1, 1865. COMPANY I. Ebenezer Clark, enlisted January 5, 1864. Transferred to Company H, September 1, 1864. Mustered out May 18, 1865. John Cartwright. enlisted January 11, 1864. Transferred to Company H, September 1, 1864. George A. Joice, enlisted January 5, 1864. Transferred to Company H, September 1. 1864. Henry Lowes, enlisted December 28, 1863. Transferred to Company H Sept 1, 1864. Francis Moses, enlisted January 7, 1864. Transferred to Company H, September 1, 1864. , ^ „ Clayton E. Worden, enUsted December :9, 1863. Transferred to Com- pany H, September 1, 1864. FIFTH INFANTRY. The principal connection of this regiment with Cuyahoga county arises from the fact that thirty men of the Seventh Infantry, residents of that county, were transferred to the Fifth from the Seventh In- fantry, when the Litter was mustered out of service; the terms of those men not liaving expired. Al- though the Seventh was mustered out in June, 1864, the transfer was not consummated until October. With the Fifth they marched with Sherman on this .rrandcampaig'.i to the Sea, accompanied him through the Garoliaas, and took part in the great review at Washington Thence the regiment was sent to Louis ville, Kentucky, where it was mustered out of service on the 2Gth day of July, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY Gr. Albert Berger, enlisted August 30, 1863. Mustered out June 31, 1865. Henry Alexander, enlisted September 8, 1862. Mustered out .luly 36, 1 865 . Solomon Brobst, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out June 31, 1865. James C. Brooks, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out June 21, 1865. Ed. A. Crosby, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1866. Frank J. Covert, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out June 21, 1865. Peter M. Hardman, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out June 21. 1865. James Loveless, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Dis- charged July 14, 1865, Jonathan Moore, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 186-1, Dis- charged July 7, 1865, Otis Martin, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 31, 1865. George W. Oliver, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out June 21, 1865. Abraham Eamalia, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out June 21, 1865. James Hunt, transfen-ed from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Discharged May 29, 1865. Theodore W. Pratt, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out June 21, 1865. William Stanford, tranferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out July 28, 1885. Charles Zimmerman, transferred from 7th Infanti-y October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1885. Charles Walley, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1884. Mus- tered out June 21, 1865. Sigo Tyroler. transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865. Jacob Sehneerberger, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Franz Schaedler. transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1861. Mus- tered out January 25, 1865. Michael Schmidt, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out July 2, 1865. Martin Saizer.tran'^ferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1885. John Schirssler, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864. Joseph Rowe, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Wounded June 37 Mustered out August 8, 1865. Henry Hoffman, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864. David F. Dove, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864. Coney Deitz, transferred from 7th Infant y October 31, 1864, Mustered out July 26, 1865. Conrad Buchman, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out July 26, 1865. William Weber, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864. Andrew Rick, transferred from 7th Infantry June 11, 1864. Christian Ottinger, transferred from 7th Infantry October 31, 1864. Mus- tered out May 31, 1885. Herman Tetzer, enUsted 1864. Mustered out June 21, 1865. CHAPTER XVII. SEVENTH INFANTKY.* Organized for Three Months-First Field Officers — Reorganized for Three Years— Number from Cuyahoga County— Sent to West Vir- ginia—Its First Loss— The Disaster at Cross Lanes— Goes east- Breaks up a Rebel Camp-Battle of Winchester— Port Republic— Suc- cessive Repulses of the Enemy-Retreat of the Union Army-Cedar Mountain— Ten-ible Loss of the Seventh -■ Antietam — Driving the Enemy— Defeating Hampton at Dumfries-Chancellorsville-Gettys- burg— Ordered west-Mission Ridge -Taylor's Ridge— A Disastrous Repulse-Deaths of Creighton and Crane— Losses of the Regiment- Its Services in 1864 -Pumpkin Vine Creek- Ordered Home— Grand Reception at Cleveland-Mustered Out. The Seventh Infantry was organized for three months service, at Camp Taylor, Cleveland, in the latter part of April, 1861; three companies being ♦ Condensed from Major G. L. Wood's "Seventh Regiment.'' 8G GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. from Cuyahoga county, and the remaindei' from other counties of the Western Reserve. It soon went to Camp Deuuison, near Cincinnati. On the 11th of May the regiment elected E. B. Tyler, of Ravenna, as colonel; W. R, Creighton, of Cleveland, as lieu- tenant-colonel; and J. S Casement, of Painesville, as major. Three days later, on the three years call being submitted to the men, about three-fourths enlisted for that term. The others were discharged, recruiting officers were sent home, and on the 19th and 20th of June the Seventh Ohio Infantry, with full ranks, was mustered into the service for three years. Companies A, B and K were principally from Cuy- ahoga county; Company A, during the war, having a hundred and fifty-four men from that county; Com- pany B, eighty-four men, and Company K, a hundred and sixteen. Besides these. Company C had twenty- seven men from Cuyahoga during the war; Company D, twenty-three; Company E, three; Company F, six; Company G, six; Comi^any H, fourteen; and Company I, four; the total in the regiment, with field and staff, being four hundred and thirty-seven. In the last days of June the Seventh was ordered to Clarksburg, West Virginia. While there, a stand of colors was presented to it on behalf of the German Turners Society, of Cleveland. The first severe march was made from that place to Weston, thirty miles distant, on the last afternoon and night of June. After scouting in this vicinity a short time, the Seventh marched to the Gauley valley. On the 15th of August it took post at Cross Lanes, where its suffered its first loss. Captain Schutte and fourteen men of Company K, while on a scout, were ambushed; the captain being mortally wounded, and all but four of the men being also killed or wounded. Having retired from Cross Lanes, and being or- dered to return, it reached there alone on the even- ing of August 35th. Next morning it was vigorously attacked by a heavy rebel force, and some of the com- panies thrown into confusion. Captain Crane, with Company A, made a charge, piercing the rebel line and capturing a stand of colors. His detachment was cut off from the main body, however, and obliged to escape through the mountains to Gen. Cox's army at Gauley Bridge. Four hundred men under Major Casement, being nearly surrounded by an overwhelm- ing force, also escaped through the mountains. Others escaped singly or in squads, but the regiment had twenty-one men killed and wounded, and ninety- six taken larisoners. The last of October the regiment took part in driv- ing the rebel Gen. Floyd from his intrenchments on Cotton Hill, but without loss. In December the Seventh moved to Romuey, near the Potomac, and in the forepart of January, 1863, with several other regiments, made a vigorous and successful movement, breaking up the intrenched camp of a rebel colonel in the mountains, and killing and capturing about a hundred of his men. During the remainder of the winter the Seventh served under that brave and enterprising leader. Gen. Lander, and after his sudden death passed under the command of Gen. James Shields. On the 11th of March his coriimand occupied Winchester, and on the 37th the Seventh took part in its first severe battle, that of Winchester. After the enemy's plans had developed themselves, the Third brigade, with the Seventh Ohio at its head, was sent to charge a battery, holding an important position, in flank. A heavy rebel force was stationed in support, behind a ravine and a stone wall. The column charged gallantly, and, although unable at once to drive the foe from his strong position, held its ground and maintained a desperate conflict. Re- inforcements came up on both sides, and the two armies were soon fully engaged in furious strife. Near night the rebels began to retreat. The Union army made a charge along its whole line and the re- treat soon became a rout. Two pieces of artillery and four caissons were captured by the Third brigade. The enemy was pursued the next day, but could not be overtaken. The Seventh had fourteen killed and fifty-one wounded in this battle. After various marches in the valley of the Shenan- doah, the regiment took part in the battle of Port Republic on the 9th of June. While it was support- ing a section of Huntington's battery, the enemy charged the guns. The Seventh lay hidden by a grow- ing field of wheat until the rebels were within easy range. Then the ringing tones of the gallant Creigh- ton were heard, giving the order to rise up and fire. A shower of bullets riddled the lines of the advanc- ing column. It staggered and halted. The Seventh dashed forward, and after a short but desperate con: flict tlie foe was driven back, followed by the .victori- ous men of Ohio. Another charge on the extreme right was also repelled by the Seventh and some other troops. The fiery Jackson was in command of the Confederates and a third assault was soon made on the Union center, which was repulsed with still more loss than before. Another attack was made, and a battery captured on the Union left. The Fifth and Seventh Ohio were directed to regain it. Under a tremendous fire they dashed up a hill and drove the rebels from the guns. Five color-bearers of the Seventh were shot down in as many rods. Lieutenant King seized the flag as the fifth man fell, iiressed forward and was followed by the regiment, which drove the enemy to the shel- ter of a neighboring hill. From this, too, they were driven by the gallant Seventh and their comrades. At this time large reinforcements joined the enemy, and as General Shields, with a jjortion of the Union army, was several miles in the rear, General Tyler, who was in command, thought it best to retreat. In this conflict the Seventh had nine men killed, and SEVENTH INFANTRY. 87 two officers and fifty-eight men wonnded; one of the officers being Captain Wood, author of the history of the regiment. Colonel Tyler having received a brigadier's star, Lieutenant-Colonel Creighton had been made colonel, and Captain Crane, of Company A, major. Being sent to Alexandria, the regiment remained there a month, and then joined McDowell's forces in central Virginia. On the 9th of August the brigade to which the Seventh belonged, then commanded by General Geary, was with Banks at Cedar Mountain. In the afternoon the Seventh, which was stationed on Telegraph Hill, was ordered forward under the fire of thirty pieces of artillery, to occupy a cornfield in front of it. Though its ranks were torn by canuon balls and shell, and its men were falling at every step, it moved steadily forward and occupied the assigued position. At four o'clock it moved into a meadow, and alone engaged in a desperate conflict with a vastly superior force of the enemy. Creighton was wounded and forced to retire. Crane was disabled. Captain Molyneaux took command. At length, when out of three hundred and seven men a hundred and eighty- one, nearly two-thirds of tlie whole number, were killed or wounded, the little band who remained un- injured slowly and sullenly fell back to a safer position. Even then its losses were not ended, for at night it was sent out on picket, and while advancing was fired on by heavy forces in front and on both flauks, and was foi'ced to retire. During the night Banks' entire corps withdrew to the position it had held before the battle. Three officers and twenty-seven men of the Seventh were killed in this battle, and eight officers and a hundred and forty-three men wounded. The regiment next retreated with Pope's command to Washington, but was not engaged during the time. Soon moving north with McClelian, on the 17th of September the depleted band, scarcely to be called a regiment, took part in the battle of Antietam. Ordered to attack the enemy, strongly posted behind a rail fence in the edge of a wood, the Seventh with other troops maintained a fierce conflict with mus- ketry for an hour and a half, then charged and drove the rebels from their covert at the point of the bayo- net, pursuing them fully three-fourths of a mile. Taking up an advanced position, the division repelled a charge of General A. P. Hill's division, and again completely routed the enemy. Similar efforts all along the line gave to the Union army the victory of Antietam. The Seventh had five men killed and thirty -eight wounded in the battle. The regiment soon passed into Virginia. While holding the post of Dumfries, on the 27th of Decem- ber, 1862, with two other regiments, the command was' attacked by Hampton's division of cavalry in the night. A few prisoners were captured on the picket line, but when the dismounted cavalry charged upon the main force they were defeated again and again, with very heavy loss. The Seventh had one man killed, eight wounded and eleven captured. Remaining in northern Virginia through the winter, in April, 1863, it advanced with the Army of the Potomac, then under Hooker, and on the second of May became warmly engaged in the battle of Chan- cellorsville. It was ordered to support a line of skirmishers, but as these would not advance, the Seventh passed them, drove back the foe, and held the ground till ordered to retire, which it did in good order. On the 3d of May the Seventh led its brigade in a fiery charge on the enemy, who were driven back, but the brigade, being unsupported, was in turn compel- led to retire a short discance. During the night the heavy cannonading compelled its withdrawal to the vicinity of United States Ford. Though only en- gagen a short time in this battle, the little regiment had fourteen men killed, and seventy wounded. It will be understood that a portion of the vacancies caused by death and disability were made good by recruits from time to time, but only a portion. The constant tendency was toward decrease. In June the Seventh went north with the army of the Potomac, and on the second of July was engaged, but not severely, in the battle of Gettysburg. It was also engaged on the third, but was not in the hottest of the fight and was generally under cover. It had one man killed and seventeen wounded. The regiment was soon after sent to New York, to help maintain order during the draft disturbances, but in September was ordered back to the Rapidan. A little later the war-worn Seventh was sent with Hooker's two corps to join the Western army, and in due time arrived at Bridgeport. Early in November it reached the grand army at Chattanooga, which, on the 24th of that month, advanced against Mis- sion Ridge. Only some preliminary skirmishing took place that day. The next day it moved with the whole army up the precipitous heights of Mission Ridge, but in front of its line the foe fled with com- paratively little resistance. On the 27th the regiment with other troops reached Ringgold, Georgia, where it found the rebel rear- guard strongly posted on Taylor's Ridge. The brigade to which it belonged, commanded by its own colonel, the fiery Creighton, was ordered to dislodge them. The Seventh and Sixty-sixth Ohio charged up the hill, but met with such a withering fire that they weve compelled to fall back into a ravine. A dea'dly fire was concentrated on them here, and Col. Creighton again ordered them to retire. As they reached a fence, the colonel faced the enemy and waited for his men to cross it. While in this position he was shot through the body with a rifle-bullet, fell to the ground with his wife's name on his lips, and almost immediately expired. A few moments later Lieutenant Colonel Crane, then in command of the Seventh, was instantly killed 88 GENERAL HISTOfiY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY. by a rifle ball througb the forehead. The command rapidly fell back. The rebels were soon obliged to retire by the ap- proach of other Union troops, but they bad inflicted an irreparable loss on the ever-faithful Seventh Ohio. Out of two hundred and six men in the action four- teen men were killed and forty-nine wounded. The instant death of the colonel and lieutenant colonel within a few moments of each other, both being niea of remarkable valor, beloved and honored by their comrades, had a very depressing eft'ect on the regi- ment and drew attention throughout the army. Gen- eral Hooker exclaimed, when he beard of it: "My God, are they dead? Two braver men never lived." The loss of the regiment in the three battles of Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge and Taylor's Ridge was Ave officers and fourteen men killed, and eight officers and fifty-four men wounded. At Taylor's Ridge only one officer present was left alive and un- wounded. The bodies of the two young heroes, Creighton and* Crane (the former was but twenty-six and the latter thirty-four), were sent home to Cleveland, and buried with all the honors that a patriotic and deeisly affected community could bestow. The Seventh remained near Chattanooga through the winter, and in the spring of 1864 advanced with Sherman toward Atlanta. At Pumpkin Vine Creek, on the 35 th of May, it was warmly engaged for a short time; having three men killed and fifteen wounded. In June, while in camp at Allatoona, the term of the Seventh expired and it was at once or- dered homo. About two hundred and fifty men, wiiose terms had not expired, were transferred to the Fifth Infantry. Two hundred and forty-five officers and men, all told, returned home; the remnants of over a thousand who went forth at their country's call three years before. They were welcomed at Cleveland on the 10th of June, 1804, by an immense concourse, and accorded a banquet and a formal recep- tion; being addressed by Governor Brougb and Pros- ecuting Attorney Grannis. The men were given a brief furlough; not being mustered out until after the Fourth of July, on which day, with the Eighth Ohio, they received an- other grand ovation. During the service of the Seventh Ohio more than six hundred and thirty of its men were killed and wounded; a hundred and thirty being slain in the field. About a hundred also died of disease. Taking it all in all, considering the number of its battles, its marches, its losses, its conduct in action, it may safely be said, that not a single regiment in the United States gained more lasting honor or de- served better of its country than the Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUlirTT. FIELD AND STAFF. William R. Creighton, enrolled as Captain Company A-, April 19, 18G1. Promoted to Lieutenant Colonel June 19, 1861, and to Colonel May ao, 1S62. Killed at Mission Ridge, November 27, 1863. Orrin J. Crane, enrolled as Captain June 19, 1861. Promoted to Major May 2fi, 1862, and to Lieutenant Colonel March 2, 1863. Killed at Mission Ridge November 27, 1863. Morris Baxter, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861. Promoted to Ser- geant June 20, 1861; to Second Lieutenant Company H, June 1, 1863; and to Adjutant September 1, 1863. Died November 30, 1863, from wounds received at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 1863. John C. Ferguson enrolled as Assistant Surgeon May 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Regiment July 8, 1864. John Morris, enrolled as Quarter Master April 25, 1861. Resigned De- cember 24, 1861. Dean C. Wright, enrolled as Chaplain January 11, 1862. Resigned Janu- ary 9, 1863. Curtiss J. Bellows, enrolled as Surgeon December 1, 1862. Mustered out " with the Regiment. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Dwight H. Brown, enrolled as Sergeant, June 19, 1861. Promoted to Ser- geant Major May 24, 1862; to Second Lieutenant June 1, 1863. Joseph P. Webb, enrolled June 7, 1861, Promoted to Sergeant Major January 1, 1862. Killed at battle of Winchester, Virginia, March 23, 1862. Reuben W. Walters, enlisted August 15, 1862. Transferred to Non-Com- rais«ioned Staff as Hospital Steward, March 15, 1864. ■ Discharged for disability March 1, 1865. COMPANY A. Orrin J. Crane, (See Field and Staff.) Joseph B. Molyneaux, enrolled as First Lieutenant June 18, 1861. Pro- moted to Captain January 1, 1863. Honorably discharged February 11,1863. William A Howe, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861. Promoted to Sec- ond Lieutenant April 13, 1862; to.First Lieutenant November 11, 1863, and to Captain .fune 1, 1863 Mustered out July 6, 1864. Albert C. Burgess, eni'oUed as First Lieutenant June 19, 1861. Promoted to Captain Company F. November 25, 1861. George A. McKay, enrolled as First Sergeant June 19, 1861. Promoted to Second Lieutenant November 7, 1862; to First Lieutenant June 1, 1863, and to Captain March 19, 1864. Wounded at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 186.3. Mustered out July 8, 1864. Dudley A. Kimball, enrolled as Second Lieutenant June 19, 1861. Re- signed April 1, 1862. Dwight H. Brown, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser- geant Major May 24, 1862, to Second Lieutenant June 1, 1863, and to First Lieutenant November 1, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1864. J. G. ClaCHin, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861; promoted to First Ser- geant November 7, 1862. Mustered out with the regiment July 8, 1864. Zebulon P. Davis, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser- geant Novembfr 20, 1801. Mustered out with the regiment. John H. Mallory. enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser- geant May 14 1862. Mustered out with the regiment. Francis Williams, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Ser- geant September 1, 1863. Mustered out with the regiment, John H. Galvin, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Coi-poral September 1, 1862, and to Sergeant January 16, 1864. Mustered out with the regiment. Albert Bishop, enlisted lune 17, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Joseph McClain, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; made Bugler July 22, 1862. Mus- tered out with the regiment. Hiram V. Warren, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Corporal May 14, 1862. Mustered out with the regiment. Heniy A. Blaiklock, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg- iment. Joseph T. Brightmore, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Frederick W. Brand, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg- iment. Carlos A. Burroughs, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg- iment. .John Cronin, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. jindrew J. Crippen, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Henry C. Eckert, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Jacob F. Houck, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Benjamin Hatfield, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Robert B. Johnston, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Luther W. Loomis, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. AJonzo J. Morgan, enlisted June 19, 1851. Mustered out with the regi- ment. SEVENTH INFANTRY. 80 Charles E. Preble, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Charles W. Powell, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Thomas C. Sherwood, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg- iment. Alfred W. Smith, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Edward A. Swayne, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Charles W. Smith, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. William H. Thurston, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the reg- iment. George E. Vaughn, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. James White, enlisted June 19, 1881. Left in hospital at Cincinnati. Richard L. Wilsdon, enlisted June 19, 1861. Mustered out with the regi- ment. Townley Gillett, enlisted June 19, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Killed at Port Eepuhlic, Virginia, June 9, 1888. Alfred Austin, enlisted June 19, 1881 ; promoted to Corporal September 11, 1861. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia, November 28, 1863. John D. Craig, enlisted June 19, 1881 ; promoted to Corpora 1 October 30, 1861. Killed at Chaneellorsville, Virginia. May 2, 1863. John C. Collett, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; pi-omoted to Corporal. Killed at Ringgold, Geoi^ia, November 27, 1863. Joseph Blackwell, enlisted September 20, 1861. Killed at Cedar Moun- tain, Virginia, August 10, 1862. John Handle, enUsted June 19, 1881. Killed at Winchester, Virginia, May 2, 1862. Charles H. Cheeney, enlisted August 7, 1862. Killed at Chaneellorsville, Virginia, May 1, 1883. Henry A. Pratt, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Chaneellorsville, Vir- ginia, May 3, 1863. Charles Stem, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Virginia, March 23, 1862. Adolph Snider, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Port Republic, Virginia, August 9, 1862. Ephraim M. Towne, enlisted June 19, 1861. Killed at Chaneellorsville, Virginia, May 3. 1863. Morris J. Holly, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861; promoted to Ser- geant: taken prisoner July 22, 1863. Mustered out December 17, 1864. William Kehl, enrolled June 19, 1961. Missing since battle of Winchester, Virginia, March 23, 1868. Leonard Wacker, enlisted June 19, 1861. Missing since battle of Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862. Teeodore Leoompte, em-oiled as Sergeant June 18, 1861. Died at Sutton, Virginia, July 28, 1861. Henry J. Brown, enlisted June 19,1861; promoted to Corporal. Died August 26, 1862, at Alexandria, Virginia, of wounds received at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862. Edward T. Kelley, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Died April 20, 1862, from wounds received at Winchester. Francis I. Werz, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Died January 5, 185.3, at Alexandria, Virginia, from wounds received at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862. Morrison J. Cannell, enlisted September 11, 1861. Died at Newburg, Ohio, November 18, 1861. Thomas Dowse, enlisted August 14, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tennes- see, December 19, 1863, from wounds received at Ringgold, Gporgia, November 27th. Abraham Ginter, enlisted.June 19 1861. Died at Alexandria, Virgima, September 1, 1862, from wounds reaeived at Cedar Mountain, Au- gust 9th. Jeremiah C. Jones, enlisted June 19, 1881. Died at Bridgeport, Alabama, February 22, 1864. „. . . Willis F. McLain, enlisted June 19, 1881. Died at Gauley Ridge, Virgmia, September 27, 1861, from accidental wound. Michael McCaune, enlisted October 30, 1861. Died at Charleston, Vir- ginia November 8, 1881, of accidental wound. Thomas Shepley, enlisted June 19, 1861. Died at Carnifax Ferry, Vir- ginia, September 2, 1861, from wounds received at Cross Lanes, August 26, 1861. , „ , Louis ihroeder, enlisted June 19, 1861. Accidentally drowned at Fred- ericksburg Virginia, May 24, 1862. George E Spencer, enlisted August 28, 1862. Died at Chattanooga Ten- nessee, December 21, 1883, from wounds received at Ringgold, No- Chelt^e™ w'^B^adley, enlisted August 8, 1862; taken prisoner at Dumfries Virginia, December 27, 1861 ; was paroled and exchanged. Mustered Simrj"'SLlsey,'en.istedAugustl3,1362. Furloughed June 1, 1863 and never rejoined the regiment. Evan Evans, enlistedJune 19, 1861; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes .^^- ginia, August 26, 1862; paroled and exchanged but never rejoined the regiment. 12 Andrew J. Scovill, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 26, 1862; paroled and exchanged but never rejoined the regiment. Carlos A. Smith, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Dis- charged for disability December 21, 1861. Frank Dutton, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1801. Discharged for disa- bility caused by wounds received at Cross Lane August 27th. Milton D. Holmes, enlisted June 19, 1801 ; promoted to Corporal. Dis- charged January 8, 1883. Aaron C. Lovett, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged Seplember 14, 1882, for disability caused by wounds received at Port Republic, Virginia, June 9th. Samuel Sweet, enlisted June 19, 1881; jjromoted to Corporal. Dis- charged at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, October 20, 1862. Herbert L. Smalley, enrolled as Fifer Junel9, 1881; promoted to Cor poral. Discharged at Bridgeport, Alabama, February 23, 1864. Marcus Broekway, enrolled as drummer June 19, 1801 . Mustered out with the regiment. Edward Mullen, enlisted October 13, 1861 ; made drummer. Discharged April 14,1862. Lewis Austin, enlsited June 19, 1861. Discharged February 16, 1863, for disability. Perry Bennett, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability Decem- ber 24, 1863. Charles Ballou, enlisted September 20, 1861. Discharged for disability May 10, 1862. John H. Burton, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability July 25, 1802. Samuel E. Buchanan, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability August 13, 1802. Theodore Burt, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged July 1.3, 1862. John G. Burns, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged April 25, 1863. Daniel W. Clancy, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged July 19, 1802. Ferdinand Cregne, enhsted June 19, 1861. Discharged lor disability November 3, 1802. Leander H. Campbell, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability December 10, 1862. Alexander M Clinton, enlLsted September 20, 1861. Discharged for dis- abiUty November 27, 1862. George W. Evans, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability June 20, 1862. Thomas Fresher, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability May 6, 1862. Fred. P. Fai rand, enlisted September 20, 1861. Discharged tor disability November 4, 1882. H. F. Gardner, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability June 15, 1862. William F. Gillson, enUsted September 11, 1861. Discharged for disa- ability January 23, 1883. Jabez C. Gazely, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged tor disability April 8, 1863. William N. Hubbell, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability December 24, 1881. Fred. W. Hoffman, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged tor disability October 29, 1862. Orvis F. Jackman, enlisted August 8, 1862. Discharged Nov. 20, 1883. Philip Kelley, enlisted March 28, 1862, Discharged for disability No- vember 28, 1862. Charles A. Keller, enlisted" June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability November 11, 1802. Frederick Keller, enlisted October 20, 1801. Discharged for disability January 5, 1863. David B. Lawrence, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged July 20, 1802. Arthur Lappin, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability Decem- ber 24, 1862. James J. Lloyd, enlisted June 19, 1861, Discharged for disability Jan- uary 2, 1863. William Lucas, enlisted September 8, 1802. Discharged for disability February 5, 1863. Fred. G. McDowell, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability February 1, 1862. Joseph Miller, enUsted June 19, 1861. Discharged tor disability July 16, 1862. Isaac Mascfield, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged fordisability Janu- ary 18, 1883. Stephen Mills, enli^ted August 11, 1862. Discharged for disability Feb- ruary 9, 1863. John n. Prestage, enUsted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability December 23, 1801. John G. Parsons, enUsted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability January 8, 1803. Charles H. Ranney, enlisted June 19. 1861. Discharged tor disability October 6, 1861. Thomas BicheU, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability Sep- tember 20, 1862. Edward St. Lawrence, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability January 31, 1863. 00 GENERAL HiSTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Thomas J. Scovill, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability July 8, 1862. George W. Simmons, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability January 17, 1863. David Q. Stein, enUsted June 19, 1861. Discharged April 28, 1863. William N. Thompson, enhsted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability March 31, 1863. t'ord W. White, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability Octo- ber 20, 1881. William Saddler, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861; promoted to Ser- geant. Transferred to the invalid corps January 15, 1864. John H. Bower, enlisted June 19, 1861. Transferred to the invalid corps September 1, 1863. Theo, F. Hammond, enlisted June 19, 1861. Transferred to invalid dorps July 1, 1863. Jacob Heege, enlisted August 11, 1862. Tranferred to invalid corps September 1, 1863. Frederick Rhodes, enlisted August 8, 1863; transferred to invalid corps January 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1865. Isaac Stratton, enUsted April 20, 1861. Transferred to Company F. June 20, 1861. Myron H. Whaley, enlisted June 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 26, 1891. Exchanged and transferred to 2d United States Cavalry. Albert D. Forby, enUsted August 31, 1862; transferred to Company B, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865. William Southwell, enlisted August 26, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; promoted to Sergeant November 22, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1865. Stephen Averill, enlisted August 5, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, and promoted to Corporal October 31, 1864; mus- tered out May 29, 1865. Thomas Ryan, enlisted July 2, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; promoted to Corporal March 1, 1865; mustered out June 5, 1865. Edwin L. Wright, enlisted August 25, 1802. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, and promoted to Corporal October 31, 1864; mus- tered out June 5, 1865. }Uchard L. Barber, enlisted August 30, 1862; Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out May -30, 1865. John Euoher, enlisted August 31, 1882; Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out July 5, 1865. John Gear, enlisted August 2, 1862; Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 186.5. William Horn, enlisted August 1, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1884; mustered out June 5, 1865. Jacob Ott, enlisted August 19, 1863. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1885. James Sherwood, enlisted August 6, 1863. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1865. Samuel Sadler, enlisted August 26, 1863. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1863. Leonard Noble, enlisted August 7, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864; mustered out June 5, 1885. Fr.ink Randall, enlisted October 9, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861; mustered out July 26, 1865. Adolphus M, Randall, enlisted October 8, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1884; mustered out July 18, 1885. William H. Johnson, enlisted October 10, 1881. Transferred June~ 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry. Franklin G. Rockefeller, enlisted September 20, 1861. Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry. William Seufert, enli^ed October 11, 1881. Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry. WilUam Williams, enlisted October 11, 1861. Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry. Lewis J. Watkins, enlisted September 11, 1861. Transferred June 11 1864, to Fifth Infantry. Wilham E . Forbey, enlisted Septem ber 20, 1 881 . Promoted to Coiporal Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry. Charles A. Wood, enlisted September 11, 1861. Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry. Charles Baker, enlisted August 26, 1883. Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry. Edward Hart, enlisted August 18, 1883. Transferred June 11, 1861, to Fifth Infantry. COMPANY B. James F. Sterling, enrolled as Captain, April 22, 1861. Promoted Sep- tember 1, 1862, to Lieutenant Colonel of the One Hundred and Third Regiment. Merwin Clark, enrolled as First Sergeant, June 19, 1861. Promoted to Second Lieutenant February 20, 1862; to First Liautenant July 23, 1862, andto Captain June 1, 1883. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Re-en'- listed as Lieutenant Colonel of the One Hundred and Eighty-Third Regiment, November 16, 1864. KiUed in action, at Franklin, Ten- nessee, November 30, 1864. Henry Z, Eaton, enrolled as Second Lieutenant, June 17, 1861. Pro- moted to First Lieutenant, February 20, 1862. Honorably discharged November 14, 1862. Edwin H. Bourne, enrolled as Sergeant Company K, April 22, 1861. Promoted Second Lieutenant July 25, 1863, and to First Lieutenant of Company B, November 1, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Joseph Cryne, enrolled as Sergeant June 19, 1861. Promoted to Second Lieutenant July 23, 1862. Transferred to Company I, May 25, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Levi F. Bauder. enrolled as Sergeant April 23, 1861. Promoted to First Sergeant September 30, 1803. Mustered out July 6, 1884. Marcus M. Cutler, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861 ';promoted to Sergeant September 1, 1882. Wounded at Ringgold, Georgia, No- vember 27, 1863 . Joseph Frotier. enlisted June 20. 1881. Promoted to Corporal May 10, 1862, and to Sergeant November 1, 1862. Wounded at Cedar Moun- tain Augiist 9, 1883. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Marshall Walker, enlisted June 20, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Septem- ber 1, 1862, and to Sergeant June 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Company July 6, 1864. Franklin R, Gasklll, enlisted June 30, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Sep- tember 1, 1862, and to Sergeant January 1, 1864. Wounded at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862, and at Reseca, Georgia, May 15, 1884. Mustered out July 6, 1864, Jesse Hardesty, enlisted June 30, 1861, Promoted to Corporal Septem- ber 1, 1862. Taken prisoner at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862, and paroled September 13th. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Lawrence K. Lamphear, enlisted June 20, 1881 Promoted to Corporal January 1, 1864. Wounded at Antietara, Maryland, September 17, 1882. Mustered out July 0, 1864. Jacob Marks, enlisted June 20, 1861. Promoted to Corporal September 1, 1862, Wounded at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862 and at Dallas, Georgia, May 25, 1864. Mustered out .January, fm, 1865. Samuel E. Gordon, enlisted April 23, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Janu- ary 1, 1802. Wounded at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1863, Mustered out July 8, 1864 Edward E. Stebbins, enrolled as Drummer, June 20 1861. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Andrew Attoff, enlisted April 22, 1861. Taken prisoner at Dumfries, Vu-ginia, December 27, 1863. Rejoined the Company, June 5, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Daniel T. Boyle, enhsted June 8, 1861 . Taken prisoner at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 36, 1881; released lune 8, 1882. Wounded at Chan- cellorsville. May 3, 1868. Transfered to Invalid Corps, September 30, 1863. Lucius Aley, enUsted June 30, 1861. Mu-stered out July 6, 1864. Charles F. Chase, enUsted June 7, 1861. Transferred to Battery I, First Ohio Light Artillery, December 5, 1861. Jacob A. Carson, enUsted August 32, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1883, and at Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 19, 1864. Trans- ferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861 . Discharged June 5, 1865. Sylvester Carter, enlisted August 7, 1862. Wounded at Dumfries, Vir- ginia, December 37, 1882. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regi- ment, October 31, 188t. Mustered out. May 30, 1865, Edward Case, enlisted September 2:3, 1863, Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Absent at Hospital since 24th April, 1885. Francis Clifford, enlisted J^ne 20, 1861. Mustered out July 6, 1884. John F Gordon, enlisted August 13, 1882. Taken prisoner at Dumfries, Virginia, December 37, 1802. Released and rejoined the Company. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865. George H. Simmonds, enlisted June 10, 1861. Transferred to Battery I, First Ohio Light Artillery, December 5, 1861. Albert A. Wooley, enlisted June 5, 1861 . Transferred to Battery I, First Ohio Light Artillery, December 5, 1861. GustavusA. Zirnier, enlisted June 8, 1861. Discharged for disability December 5, 1862. Ernest A. Zwicker, enUsted April 22, 1861. Wounded at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862, Discharged October 35, 1863. Renssalear R. Peebles, enlisted May 30, 1861. Discharged November 20, 1881. Albert E. Withers, enlisted June 6, 1861. Wounded at Winchester, Vir- ginia, March 23, 1863. Dischar ^ed October 24, 1863, George A. Wood, enlisted June 6, 1861. Wounded at Antietam, Mary- land, September 17, 1869. Discharged October 34, 1883. Mitchell St. Ange, enlisted Junell, 1881. Wounded at Chancellorsville, Virgmia, May 3, 1863. Leg crushed in railroad accident. Discharged January 23, 186i. Duncan Reid, enUsted June 3, 1861 . Wounded at Winchester, Virginia, March 33, 1862. Discharged July 30, 1862. Joseph Gasser, enUsted June 20, 1861. Wounded at Winchester, Vir- gmia, March 33, 1882. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Frank Henrich, enlisted June 20, 1861. Wounded at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862. Mustered out July 6, 1864. SEVENTH INFANTRY. 91 Joseph Kubler, enlisted Juue 80, 1801. Wounded at Antietam, Septem- ber 17, 1863, aud at Ohancellorsville, May 3, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Bernard Mulgrew, enlisted June 20, 1801 . Mustered out July 6, 1804^ Thomas C. Riddle, enlisted Juue 20, 1861 . Wounded at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Regiment July 6, 1863. E. M. MoClatnin, enlisted June 20, 1801. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Regiment. David Russell, enlisted June 20, 1831 . Mustered out with the Regiment. Johnson Russell, enlisted June 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Regi- ment. George C . Robinson, enlisted June 30, 1861. Taken prisoner at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 26, 1861. Released June 0, 1802, but never rejoined the Company. George Steinberger, enlisted June 20, 1861. Wounded at Antietam, Maryland. September 17, 1862. Mustered outwibh.the Regiment. Frederick Spencer, enlisted June 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg' iment . Gustavus Schmidt, enrolled as Sergeant June 20, 1861. Mustemd out with the regiment. James E. Wyalt, enlisted June 20, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. George W. Williams, enlisted June 20, 1861; taken prisoner at Cross Lanes . Virginia, August 26, 1861 ; released January 6, 1862. Mustered out with the regiment. Starr B. Wood, enlisted Aprill 38, 1861; deserted December 10, 1861; re- joined the company September 11, 1863; wounded at Dallas, Georgia, May 25, 1804. Mustered out with the regiment. Thomas 0. Brown, enlisted April 22, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Killed at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1863. Clark L. Wilsoh, enlisted June ^, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Killed at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862. William Adams, enlisted June 20, 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, Au- gust 9, 1862. James Carroll, enlisted Juno 20, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Virginia, March 23, 1862. Allen C. Lamb, enlisted June 20, 1861. Killed at Winchester, March 23, 1862. Elleridge Meacham, enlisted April 22, 1861. Killed at Antietam, Mary- land. September 17, 1863. Edgai' G. Meekins, enlisted March 7, 1832. Killed at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862. George O. Sperry, eiilisted June 20, 1861. Killed at Antietam, Maryland, September 17, 1862. Grant Goodrich, enlisted June 20, 1861. Died in hospital at Alexandria, Virginia, July 39, 1862, James McCabe, enlisted June 20, 1861 : taken prisoner at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 26, 1861 . Paroled and died at Cleveland, Ohio, while on furlough January — , 1803. Morris Baxter, sfee Field and StafE. Asa H, t'ltch, enrolled as Sergeant April 22, 1801; wounded at Winches- ter, Virginia, March 23, 1862. Discharged December 19, 1873. Nohemiah G. Eddy, enlisted April 22, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Dis- charged July 11, 1862. David I. Ezekial. enrolled aS Corporal June SO, 1861; promoted April 18_ 1862, to Sergeant. William E. Smith, enrolfed as Corporal June 20, 1861; wounded at Win- chester, Virginia, March 23, 1802, and at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1802. Discharged at hospital December 9, 1863. Alonzo Austin, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged July 31, 1862. Abraham S. Bennett, enlisted September 5, 1802. Discharged October 15. 1802. Charles Cunningham, enUsted April 22, 1861. Discharged September 16, 1863. William Oonnell, enUsted June 20, 1831; wounded. at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862. Discliarged October 18, 1803. Charles L. Chapman, enli ted April 22, 1861. Taken prisoner at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 20, 1861. Released January 13, 1863, and discharged!. . . ,,. John Coyle, enlisted June 20, 1861; wounded at Cedar Mountam, Vir- ginia, August 9, 1863. Discharged January 9,^863. John Davis, enlisted August 26, ISO.' '^■-"'■ ruary 3, 1803. Eugene W Elliott, enlisted June 20, 1801. Discharged July 16. 1802. Charles Fagan, enlisted June 20, 1801; wounded at Winchester, Vir- ginia March 23, 1802. Discharged January 1, 1863. Leonard Geitz, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged May 23, 1862 Jo^iah M. Holt, enlisted April 23, 1861. Discharged .January 9, 1802. PUnvE Hill Unlisted June 20, 1801; wounded at Cedar Mountam, Vir- ginia, August 9, 1862, and at Antietam, ifaryland, September 17, 1862. ' Discharged October 25, 1862. ,r ic«o John Haylor, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged November 15, 1862. Benjamin Hashfleld, enlisted June 80, 1861; wounded at Cedar Moun- tain, Virginia, August 9, 1862. Discharged November 6 1862 John D Jones, enlisted June 30, 1861. Discharged February 1^ 1862 WUnam F. Laid., enlisted April 22, 1801; wounded at Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1802. Discharged January 29, 1863. Discharged for disability Feb- Edward L. Marble, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged February 1, 1862. Roswell E. Mathews, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged for disability November 28, 1862. Martin Nicholas, enlisted June 20, 1861. Discharged January 9, 1862. Charles Cowan, enlisted April 33, 1861; discharged at hospital, March 4, 1863; re-enlisted September 25, 1863; wounded July 20, 1864; trans- ferred to Company B., SthRegiment, October31, 1804. Mustered out July 20, 1865. COMPANY C. Llewellyn R. Davis, enrolled as Corporal June 19, 1861. Promoted to Second Lieutenant Company D, May 1, 1862; to First Lieutenant Company E, November 2, 1862; to Captain Company C, March 30, 1864. Taken prisoner at Dallas, Georgia, May 35, 1804. Discharged December 19, 1804. Re-enlisted as Lieutenant Colonel of the One Hundred and Eighty Seventh Regiment, March;2,.1865. Mustered out January 23, 1866. Charles fe. Wall, enlisted August 25, 1862. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 18S3. Joseph McCanon, enlisted August 25, 1862. Died ,July 22, 1863, from wounds received at Gettysburg, July 3. Levi Myers, enlisted August 30, 1863. Died in hospital at Nashville, De- cember 30, 1863. Thomas Sweet, enlisted August 29, 1862. Died November 30, 1863, of wounds received at Ringgold, November 27. Nicholas GafEett, enlisted September 10, 1862. Discharged February 18, 1863. Philip Grigsby, enlisted September 11, 1862. Discharged July 24, 1863, becauseoE wounds received at Dumfries, Virginia, December 27, 1862. Edward E. Kelsey, enlisted February 27, 1S03. Discharged March 25, 1864. True Rand, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1804, to Com- pany B, Fifth Infantry. John Phillips, enlisted September 8, 1862; wounded at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 1803. Transferred June 11. 1864, to Company B, Fifth Infantry. William O. Barnes, enlisted August 15, 1802; wounded at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 1803. Transfen-ed to Fifth Regiment, Com- pany B, October 31, 1864. Discharged for disabihty. Freeman Bunker, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864, and promoted to Corporal. Mus- tered out June 5, 1865. Alfred T. Dann, enlisted September 13, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1865. John Finneran, enhsted September 4, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 36, 1865. Daniel P. Wood, enlisted August 13, 1862. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 1863. Benjamin L. Sevey, enlisted August 23, 1802. Discharged for disabihty February 5, 1803. R. C. Van Orman, enlisted August 30, 1802. Discharged for disability February 15, 1864. James W. Raymond, enlisted August 6, 1863. Promoted to Corporal. Wouuded at Ringgold, Georgia, November 37, 1863. Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry, fames C. Bartlett, enUsted August 18, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1864 to Fifth Infantry. Franklin M. Forbes, enhsted August 14, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Discharged. Silas Gleason, enlisted Augu 1 9, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865. William Grant, enlisted August 11, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Transferred again to Veteran Reserve Corps. Owen Hicks, enlisted August 20, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Promoted to First Sergeant June 1805. Mustered out July 26, 1865. John Lowrey, enUsted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865. James T. Myers, enlisted August 80, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 38, 1865. WiUiam Proctor, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company B^ Fifth Regiment. October 31, 1804. Transferred agam to Veteran Reserve Corps. Joseph M . Stowe, enlisted August 30, 1802. Transferred to Company B> Fifth Regiment October 31, 1864. Mustered out May 15, 1865 Mitchell H . Sheldon, enUsted August 85, 186b . Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment October 31, 1864, and promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out June 5, 1865. COMPANY D. George Shively . enlisted August 25, 1868. Discharged for disability Jan- uary 18, 1863. John B. Wirts, enlisted August 14, 1862, Discharged for disability Feb- ruary 19, 1863. Frederick Bose, enlisted March 20, 1862. Transfen-ed to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Discharged March 20, 1865. Edwin Green, enhsted August 19, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infrntry. 02 GENBEAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. William J . Hutchinson, enlisted August 15, 1862. Transferred to Com- pany B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1805. Westal W. Hunt, enlisted August 15, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 81, 18B4. Mustered out June 5, 1865, George Heni-ick, enlisted August 25, 1862. Transferred to Company B. Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 13, 1865. Slierman R. Norris, enlisted August 8, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1865. Albert W. Nash, enUsted August 20, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 186.5. Samuel R. Pullman, enlisted August 13, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1364. Mustered out June 21, 1865. George Valleau, enlisted October o, 1802. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1801. Discharged for disability. John A. Franks, enlisjed June 19, 1861 ; taken prisoner May 3, 1803 ; re- .ioined the Company November 5, 186:J. Mustered out July 7, 1864. Alfred E. Smith, enlisted June 7, 1801. Mustered out with the Company July 7, 1804. Perry H. Smith, enhsted June 7 1861. Mustered out with the Company. Norman L. Norris, enlisted April 23, 1861; promoted to corporal. Died at Alexandria, Virginia, September 4, 1802, from wounds received at Cedar Mountain August 9th. Emory W. Force, enlisted as sergeant June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability May 10, 1862. Amos C. Fisher, enlisted June 19, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Dis- charged for disabiUty May 10, 1862. John A. Cutler, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged October 22, 1868. Thomas M. Lander, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged October 27, 1863. John Rowe, enlisted June 19, 1861. Discharged October 17, 1802. James A. Rubicon, enlisted June 19, 1801. Discharged for disability Oc- tober 20, isca. Stephen A. Smith, enUsted June 7, 1801. Discharged for disability June 16. 1802. COMPANY E. Oliver Grinnell, enlisted August 30, 1862. Killed at Ringgold, Georgia, November ~T, 1863. Daniel Floro, enlisted September 3, 1862. Died at Alexandria, Virginia January 5, 1863. Jesse Floro, enlisted September 3, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 1865. COMPANY p. Albert C. Burgess, transferred from Company A. Promoted to Captain November 25, 1861 . Resigned July 9, 1802. Oscar W. Sterle, enrolled as Second Lieutenant of Company K June 17, 1801. Promoted to First Lieutenant February 2, 1802, and trans- ferred to Company F. Resigned April 18, 1803. Harlow Camp, enlisted August 21, 1862. Died at Harper's Ferry, Vir ginia, November 25, 1863. John Rohr, enhsted June 20, 1861. Discharged for disability October 1, IHia. Be enlisted October 23, 1802. Accidentally wounded, and dis- charged July 3, 1863. John Bergin, enlisted October 10, 1862. Transferred June 11, 1864, to Fifth Infantry . William Stanford, enlisted March 28. 1864. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1861. Isiiac Stratton, enlisted Ax>ril 20, 1861, in Company A. Transferred to Company F, June 20, 1861 . Promoted to Sergeant February 28, 1862. and to First Sergeant September 1, 180;3. Wounded slightly at Chan- cellorsville, Virginia, May 3, 1803. Lost left eye at Gettysburg, July 3, 1803. Killed near Dallas, Georgia, May 25, 1801. COMPANY G. Albert Stedman, enUsted March 27, 1862. Killed at Port Republic Vir- ginia, June 9, 1802. Enoch iM. Douthett, enlisted August 8, 1862. Died at Dumfries, Virginia March 4, 1803. George H. Clark, enlisted September 13, 1862. Transferred to the Inva- lid Corps August 15, 1863. Tunis S. Danforth, enlisted July 29, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Ephraim Flickhiger, enhsted August 11, 1862. Transferred to Invalid C'urp.s, August 11, 1863. John Garrison, enlisted August 8, 1862. Transferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1804. Mustered out June 5, 1865. COMPANY H. Christian Nesper, enlisted in Company K, April 22, 1861. Promoted to Second Lieutenant. July 25, 1802; to Fii-st Lieutenant, November 1, 1863, and to Captain; transtei red to Company H, April 23, 1801_ Mus- tered out J uly 7, 1864. Amnion D. Barnum, enUsted August 21, 1802. Died at Harper's Ferry Virginia, February 12, 1863. Samuel H. Barnum, enlisted August 20, 1862. Died at Washington, D. C, May 17, 1663, from wounds received at Chaucellorsville, Virginia, May 3. William H. Fox, enlisted August 26, 1862. Discharged November 20, 1863, for disabili y caused by wounds. Solomon Brobst, enlisted September 6, 1863. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. James C. Brooks, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regira. nt, October 31, 1864. Ed. A. Crosby, enlisted Augiist 13, 1863. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Frank J . Covert, enlisted August 23, 1863. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Peter M. Hardman. enlisted August 37, 1862. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. James Loveless, enUsted August 38, 1863. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Jonathan Moore, enlisted Atigust 28, 1862. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Otis Martin, enUsted August 22, 1862. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. George W. Oliver, enlisted August 11, 1863. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Abraham Ramalia, enlisted August 22, 1862. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. James Hunt, enlisted August 22, 1862. Transferred to Company G, COMPANY I. Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Randall B. Palmer, enlisted December 17, 1861. Discharged for disa- ability July 22, 1863. Thomas B. Doran, enlisted June 19, 1861. Transferred to Veteran Re- serve Corps, March 16, 1864. George Metcalf , enUsted December 17, 1861. Tiansferred to Company B, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. Discharged at end of term, December 17, 1864. Theodore W. Pratt, enlisted December 17, 1861. Transferred to Com- pany G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. COMPANY K. John T. Schulte, enroUed as Captain April 23, 1S61. Killed in skirmish near Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 20, 1861, E. T. Krieger, enrolled as First Sergeant April 22, 1861 ; promoted to First Lieutenant April 13, 1862, and to Captain February 9, 1863. ' Mustered out July 6, 1864. L. F. Mitchelm, enroUed as First Lieutenant June 17, 1861. Resigned April 13, 1862. Christian Nesper, enUsted April 32, 1861 ; promoted to Second Lieutenant July 25, 1862; to First Lieutenant November 1, 1863, and to Captain Company H April 23, 1864. Oscar W. Sterle, enrolled as Second Lieutenant June 17, 1801; promoted to First Lieutenant February 3, 1863, and assigned to Company F. Charles Ludwig, enlisted June 3, 1861 ; promoted to First Sergeant Feb- ruary 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Company July 7, 1864. George Sohl, enUsted April 23, 1861; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out with the company. John Hacfele, enlisted April 22, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out with the company. Conrad Sommers, enrolled as Corporal April 32, 1861. Mustered out with the company. John Schott, enlisted April 22, 1861; promoted to Corporal. Mustered out with the company. Charles Zimmerman, enUsted August 3, 1863. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Charles Walley, enlisted August 9, 1862. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Charles Haehkel, enlisted April 22, 1861. Transferred to Mississippi Ma- rine Brigade. Sigo Tyroler, enUsted August 25, 1863. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Jacob Schneeberger, enhsted October 7, 1861. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Franz SchaeiUer, enUstedOctober 7, 1861. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Michael Schmidt, enUsted August 37, 1863. Transferred to Company G, 6th Regiment, October 31, 1864. Martin Saizer, enlisted August 30, 1862. Transferred to Company 6, 5th Regiment, October 31, 1864. John Schurssler, enUsted June 3, 1861. Transferred June 11, 1864, to -. Joseph Rowe, enhsted August 31, 1863. Transferred to Company G, 5th Regiment, October 3], 1864. Henry Hoffman, enlisted August 35, 1863. Transferred June 11, 1864, to . David F. Dorr, enlisted August 36, 1863. Transferred June 11, 1864, to SEVENTH INFANTKY. 93 Coney Deitz, enlisted August 30, 1862 . Transferred to Company G, Fifth Eeglment, October 31, 1864. Conrad Buchman, enlisted December 28, 1863. Transferred to Company G, Fifth Regiment, October 31, 1864. William Weber, enlisted August 27, 1862. Promoted to Corporal. Trans- ferred June 11, 1864, to . Andrew Rick, enlisted October 5, 1861 . Promoted to Sergeant. Trans- ferred June 11, 1864, to Christian Oettinger, enlisted June 3, 1861. Transferred to Company G, I ifth Regiment October 31, 1864. Herman Tetzer, enlisted March 28, 1862. Discharged June 14, 1864, for disability caused by wounds John Bauer, enlisted June 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company, July 7, 1864. Frederick Bock, enlisted April 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. Albert Burgur, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. Henry Faubel. enlisted April 22, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment. Engelbert Fenz, enlisted Juno 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment. Tobias Flabbig, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. Christian Hahn, enlisted June 3 1861. Mustered out with the Company. George Hoffman, enlisted April22, 1861. Left sick at Washington D . C, September — , 1862. Solomon Rentz, enlisted June 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company . John L. Rinnei-, enlisted June 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company. George Buckler, enlisted April 22, 1861 . Mustered out with the Com- pany. Ferdinand Schlegel, enlisted April 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Company. Fred. H. Schmidt, enlisted April 22, 1862. Mustered out with the Com- pany. Henry Schmidt, enlisted June3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company. John Schwenck, enlisted April 22, 1861 , Mustered out with the Com- pany. Frank Miller, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company. George Raquette, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Com- pany. Frederick Selbach, enlisted April 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Com- pany. George Wandel, enlisted April 22, 1871. Mustered out with the Com- pany. Jacob Wenner, enlisted June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Company. George Zipp, enlisted April 22, 1861 . Mustered out with the Company, H enry Schlattmeyer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability. John Smith, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability July 30, 1862. John Stegmeyer, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged for disability No- vember 27, 1862. Fred. W. Steinbauer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged because of wounds February 2, 1862. John T. Voelker, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disability Febru- ary 18, 1863. George Weissenbach, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged July 24, 1862. Julius Wolf, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged July 30, 1862. Anthonisius Zittsmann, enUsted June 3, 1861. Discharged July 30, 1862. John Volker, enUsted October 7,1861. Discharged for disability July 7. 1862. William Lanterwassar, enrolled as Sergeant April 22, 1861 ; promoted to 1st Sergeant. Died at Washington, July 3, 1862, from wounds re- ceived at Fort Ktr-public, June 9. Henry Ackerman, enlisted June 3, 1861, Killed at ChaneellorsviUe, May 30, 1862. Frank Dietrich, enlisted April 22, 1861. KUled at Winchester, March 23, 1862. John Doll, enlisted June 3, 1861. Died September 10. 1861, from wounds received at Cross Lanes, Virginia, August 26th, 1861. Henry Frank, enlisted June 3, 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862. Frank Karbacher, enlisted April 22, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Vir- ginia, March 23, 1862. Frank Lorenz, enlisted October 8, 1861. KUled at Winchester, Virginia, March 23, 1862. John Geissler, enUsted April 22, 1861. Died August 28, 1861, from wounds received at Cross Lanes, Virguiia, August 26, 1861. Vincent Header, enlisted April 22. 1861. KUled at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862. ^ohn Muntz, enlisted October 8, 1861. Died at Cumberiand, Maryland, February 24, 1862. Jacob NoUc, enlisted April 22, 1861. Died April 2, 1862, from wounds re- ceived at Winchester, March 23. William Pfahl, enlisted AprU 22, 1861. KiUed at Ringgold, Georgia, No- vember 37, 1863. Victor Perlev, enlisted August 25, 1862. KiUed at ChancellorsvUle, Vir- ginia, May 2, 1863. William Russell, enlisted April 22, 1861. Died at Frederick, Maryland June 1, 1862, from wounds received at Winchester, Virginia, March 23, Joim Reber, enlisted October 7, 1861. Killed at Port Republic, June 9, 1862. John Schnibs, enlisted AprU 22, 1861. Killed at Port Republic, June 9, 1862. John Stern, enlisted April 22, 1861. Killed at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862. Joseph Seibel, enlisted AprU 22, 1861, KUled at Winchester, Virginia, March 23, 1862. Franz Weber, enlisted AprU 22, 1861. Died at GaUipolis, Ohio, Septem- ber 2, 1862. John Wiegand, enlisted April 22, 1861. Died while a, pris.ner, Septem- ber 13, 1862. John Weiland, enlisted October 17, 1661 KUled at Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862. Frederick Schinkel, enrolled at Sergeant, April 22, 1861. Missing since battle of Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1802. John Lenllcy, enlisted October 5, 1861. Missing since battle of Port Re- public, June 9, 1862. WUliam Voges, enroUed as Sergeant, April 22, 1861. KiUed at Port Re- public, ,lune9, 1862. Adolphus Rohlmann, enrolled as Sergeant, April 22, 1861, Died at New Orleans, while prisoner, November 13, 1862. Elmore Hinkston. enrolled as Sergeant, June 3, 1861. Promoted to First Sergeant. Died at Chattanooga, Tennessee, January 21, from wounds received in action. James Grebe, enrolled as Corporal jVpril 22, 1861. Promoted to Ser- geant. Died at ."Slrxandria, Virginia, August 27, 1862, from wounds received at Cedar Mouutain, August 9. Charles Rich, enlisted June 8, 1861. Discharged July 26, 1862. WilUam Ritchie, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged February 8, 1802, for disability caused by wounds. Henry Roshotte, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861 : promoted to Ser- geant. Discharged for disability July 19, 1862. WUliam Butzman, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861 ; promoted to Ser- geant. Discharged for disability February 18, 1863. Henry Strachle, enrolled as Corporal April 22, 1861; promoted to Ser- geant. Discharged for disability November 26, 1862. Herman Sohaub, enlisted June 3, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Discharged for disabiUty AprU 3, 1803. Jacob Kurtz, enlisted June 8, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Discharged because of wounds April 10, 1863. Wi liam Lehr, enUsted April 22, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Discharged on account of wounds July 3, 1862 George Denzel, enlisted April 22, 1801 ; promoted to Corporal. Discharged on account of wounds July 21, 1802. Christian Reisse, enrolled as Corporal June 3, 1861. Discharged on ac- count of wounds July 21, 1863. John Hummell, enlisted AprU 22, 1801; promoted to Corporal. Dis- charged on account of wounds October 27, 1862. Peter Kind, enrolled as musician AprU 22, 18B1. Discharged for disa- bility October 2, 1861. PhUlip Anthony, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged on account of wounds Sepi ember 1, 1862 Constantine Armbrunster, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged for disabil- ity February 19, 1803. Simon BeU, enlisted April 22, 1861. Discharged July 28, 1862. Charles Breitenbach, enlisted April 32, 1861. Discharged on account of wounds December 11, 1862. Fred. Brinckelmeyer, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged July 21, 1862. John Colbrun, enhsted AprU 23, 1861. Discharged July 19, 1862. Louis Dehmel, enUsted June 3, 18()1. Discharged. Edwin Dunton, enlisted June 3. 1861. ■ Discharged. Emil Glanser, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged. Charles Graiter, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged on acccount of wounds December 19, 1862. Gottlieb Grucnowald, enlisted June 8, 1861. Discharged July 26, 1862. Jacob H. Hege, enlisted AprU 23, 1861. Discharged July 21, 1802. Fred Gassand, enlisted June 3, 1801, Discharged July 24, lb02. Henry Lehr, enlisted June 3, 1861, Discharged June 37, 1802, Andrew Malichus, enlisted April 32, 1861 Discharged because of wounds, October 14, 1801. Matthias Merkel, enlisted June 3, 1861. [discharged February 28, 1863. Fred. Mitchell, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged on account of wounds November 21, 1862. Theodore Miller, enlisted June 3, 1861. Discharged. GottUeb Popp, enlisted J une 3, 1861. Discharged for disability October 2, 1861. 94 GENEEAL HISTOKY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER XVIII. EIGHTH, FOUHTEENTH AND SEVENTE3BNTH INFANTKY. Company B, of the Eighth — Organized for Three Months — Re-organ- ized for Three Years — In West Virginia — Loss from Sickness — Romney and Hangmg Rock — Blooming Gap, Cedar Creek and Stras- burg — Battle of Wincliester- Numerous Skirmishes— South Moun- tain and Antietam — F. edericksburg — Chancellors villa — Gettysburg — Heavy Loss — Skirmishes at Bristow Station, Mine Run, etc., in 1S«4 — The Battle of Martin's Ford — The Battle of the Wilderness — Cold Harbor and Petersbuig — Mustered Ont — Members from Cuya- hoga County -Fourteunth Infantry — Mention of its Services — Its Members from this County — Seventeenth Infantry — Mention of its Services — Members from this County — The Colonel of the Twentieth. EIGHTH INFANTRY. The connection of the Eighth with Cuyahoga is confined to Company B, having eighty men, and one or two of Company D. These were enlisted originally for the three-months service, in response to the Presi- dent's first call for troops in April, 18C1. In June following all of the companies, except Company I, were re-enlisted for three years. On July 9, 1861," the regiment left Camp Dennison, and arrived on the 12th at West Union, Va. For several weeks it was stationed among the mountains, and along the Balti- more and Ohio railroad, where the men suffered severely from fever. At "Maggotty Hollow" over three hundred were in the hospital, and thirty-five deaths resulted in a short time. On September 24th, the Eighth engaged in the battle of Komney. At Hanging Rock it was under fire, and lost several in killed and wounded. On October 24th, for a second time at Romney, and soon afterwards at Blue's Gap. On February 14, 1862 it was engaged at Bloomey Gap; on March 18th at Cedar Creek, and on the 19th at Strasburg as skirmishers. The regi ment was deployed as skirmish- ers before and after the battle of Winchester. The killed and wounded during this battle was more than one-fourth of its number. During March and April the regiment skirmished at Woodstock, Mount Jackson, Edinburg and New Market. In May, from Eectortown it skirmished a distance of eighteen miles. At Chickahominy Swamps it was again engaged; losing seven wounded. At South Mountain the Eighth formed part of the reserve corps, not actively engaged, but skirmished at Boonsboro' and Reedyville. At Antietam, while ^engaged, the Eighth and the Fourteenth Indiana were obliged to change front which was done with great steadiness, saving the brigade from rout. The regiment moved with its corps to Bolivar Heights, and on October 1st, to Leesburg. From there to Falmouth, skirmishing at Hulltown, Snicker Gap and United States Ford. At Fredericksburg the Eighth was in the right wing. In passing up Han- over street, it lost twenty-eight, and at the close of the battle the loss was thirty-four killed and wounded. The regiment was under constant fire for nearly four days at Chancellorsville, losing only two killed and eleven wounded. At Gettysburg, July 2d, the regiment captured and held a well defended knoll; three times repulsed the attacks of superior numbers, and cap- tured three stands of colors. Its loss was one hundred and two killed and wounded. The regiment engaged in several skirmishes prior to August 15, 1803, when it was sent to New York to quell the riots. Returning to the field, it was engaged at Au- burn and Bristow, October 14th, having two wounded. On November 27th, 28th and 29th, the regiment acted as skirmishers _ at Robinson's Cross Roads, Locust Grove and Mine Run, losing several men. At the battle of Morton's Ford, February 6, 1864, several officers and men were wounded. At the Wilderness the Eighth was engaged on May 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th and 12th, losing in all over sixty killed and wounded. It also engaged in numer- ous skirmishes from Spotsylvania to Petersburg; took and held a fort at North Anna, and fought at Cold Harbor and Petersburg. At the expiration of its term the Eighth was in the trenches before Petersburg with only seventy-two officers and men. On July 13, 1864, the regiment was formally mustered out of service. MEMiSEKS PROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY B. William Kinney, enr. as Captain April 18, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment July 13, 1864. James K. O'Reilly, enr. as First Serg-ant April 18, 1861; promoted to First Lieutenant September 23, 1862, and to Captain March 3, 18M. Mustered out with the regiment July 13, 1864. William Delaney, enl. as First Lieutenant April 18, 1861; wounded at Antiefam September 17, 1862. Died September 33d, 1862. Thomas F. Galway, enr. as Sergeant April 18, 1861; promoted to Second Lieutenant September 7, 1863, and to First Lieutenant January 30, 1863. Mustered out with the regiment. John Lautry, enl. as Second Lieutenant April 18, 1861. Killed at Antie- tam September 18, 1863. John Hennessey, enr. as Sergeant April 18, 1861, Mustered out with the regiment. John G. Fairchild, enr. as Sergeant April 18, 1861; promoted to First Sergeant. Wounded July 3, 1864. Charles McCartney, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. John Tracey, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant. Dis- charged for disability December 20, 1863. Chauncey Lathrop, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1863. Discharged for dis- ability November 36, 1863. Edward J. Newell, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant; wounded May 18, 1864. Mustered out with the regiment. James Kelly, enr. as Corporal April 18, 186 r; promoted to Sergeant. Died of wounds, July 7, 1803, received at Gettysburg. Richard O'Rourke, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861. In hospital at Wash- ington May 12, 1864. Patrick O'Leary, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out with the regiment July 13, 1864. John Reedy, enr. as Corporal April 18, 1861. Discharged September 23' WiUiam H. Alderman, enl. June 19, 1861. Discharged for disability Jan. uary 6, 1803. Joseph Burton, enl. June 17, 1861. Discharged' for disability November 33, 1802. John Burk, enl. June 18, 1861. Wounded July 3, 1863. William Brown, enl. June 13, 1861. Killed at Gettysburg, July * 3, 1863. Henry Black, enl. June 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. James Brown, enl. June 14, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. Lewis Buhran, enl. June 8, 1861. Discharged for disability November 30, 1863. Samuel Brown, enl. June 33,1861; promoted to Corporal same day. Mustered out with the Regiment. William Cones, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1863. John E. Chichester, enl. May 25, 1861. Died December 28, 1863, of wounds received at Fredericksburg, Virginia. EIGHTH, FOtTHTSMTH AND SEVENTEENTH INEANTRY. 95 Patrick Cashen, enl. June 17, 1861. Mustered out with the Eegiraent. Stephen J. Carr, enl. June 8, 1861, Killed December 29, 1861, at Wire Bridge, Virginia. Frederick Connelly, enl. June 13, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment. William Campion, enl. June 15, 1861. Killed September 17, 1862, at battle of Antietam, Maryland. James Conlan, enl. June 9, 1861; promoted to Sergeant; wounded at Wilderness, May 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment. James Denief , enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862. John Durophey, enl. Jnne 10, 1861. Transferred to Invalid Corps | July 15, 1863. | Joseph Evans, enl. June 15, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Mustered out with the Regiment. Jacob Frailer, enl. June 13, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Charles Gallagher, enl. June 11, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Edward Gibbons, enl. June 14, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862. Edward Gorman, enl. Juno 22, 1861. Transferred to Invalid Corps, May 11, 1864. Edward Greer, enl. April 18, 1861. John Hogan, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862. James Hardway, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged for disability, May 11, 1863. Henry Hall, enl. June 17, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862. James Higgins, enl. June 9, 186$. Died October 24, 1861, at New Creek, Virginia. Simon Hogan, enl. June 9, 1861. Discharged for disability, August 26, 1863. William Joyce, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged tor disability January 5, 1863. Francis Kelly, enl. June 11, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1863. Eugene Lahore, enl. April 18, 1861. Joseph Lloyd, enl. April 18, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. James Laeper, enl. June 13, 1861. Discharged for disability October 26, 1861. f homas Largee, enl. June 15, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment July 13, 1864. Peter Mainans, enl. April 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal; mustered out with the Regiment. Joseph Moonshine, enl. April 18, 1861 . Discharged for disability March 21, 1863. Henry H. McKeever, enl. April l'^, 1861- Discharged tor disability Feb- ruary 17, 1863. Bernard Milvey, enl. June 11, 1861. Disi barged for disability April 18, 1864. John Malone, enl. June 11, 1861. Promoted to Corporal; wounded May 15, 1864. Left in Hospital in Rhode Island . John D. McNamara, enl. June 9, 1861. Discharged for disability De- cember 17, 1862. Alexander McLain, enl. June 21, 1861. Discharged for disability Au- gust 13, 1862. Allen McDougall, enl. June 14, 1861. Discharged for disability Novem- ber 13, 1862. Thomas Munson, enl . June 1 , 1861 . Discharged for disability August 13, 1862. William McDonald, enl. June 18, 1861. Discharged for disability De- cember 20, 1861 . Bernard McGuire, enl, June 32, 1861. Died, July 10, 186.3, of wounds received at Gettysburg . Keyton Niggle, enl. June to, 1861. Discharged Eordisability July 6, 1801. William O'Hallem, enl. April 18, 1861. Discharged fur disability May 3, 1862. Thomas O'Kelly, enl. April 18, 1861. Dis barged for disability May 2, James O'Neil, enl, June 9, 1861, Transferred to Invalid Corps August Gardiner Oaks, eni, June 14 1861 , Dischai-ged October 23, 1862, John Quinn, enl. June 14, 1801. Killed at Spottsylvama, May 24, 1864. James C. Rogers, enl. April 18, 1801, Discharged for disability Aprd ThomassTuires, enl. Jnne 10, 1801. Discharged October 25, 1862. John Sheridan, enl. June 17, 1861. Discharged October 25, 1862. John Shepherd, enl. June 17, 1861. Killed at Antietam, Maryland September 17, 1862. j j t , <■ iqcq George T. Upright, enl. April 18, 1861. Wounded July 3, 1803, George R. Wilson, enl. June 14, 1861. Killed at Gettysburg, 3 1863 Alfred Wood, enl. June 14, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment Charles F. Wamekey, enl. April 18, at Cumberland, Maryland. David Wilson, enl. June 1. 1861 John Garvey, enl. June 5, 7th Virginia Volunteers, 17, 1862. rinfoher 31 186^1; transferred to 4th Ohio Battal- '°'LTo:p-y B°tre';4'U. Discharged at end of term, Novem- her 28, 1804. July 1801. Discharged for disability Mustered out with the Regiment. 1861 ; transferred to and commissioned in Killed at /Vntietam, Maryland, September COMPANY D. Joseph Dewalt, enl. June 3, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment July 13, 1864. FOURTEENTH INFAKTUT. The members of this regiment from Cuyahoga county, nine in number, were enlisted in 1864 in Cos. A, I and K. As members of the Fourteenth they engaged with tlie regiment in the battle at Jonesboro, pursued Hood's troops on their advance into Tennessee, joined Sherman's forces at Atlanta, and participated in the " March to the Sea," and tlirough the Carolinas to Goldsboro' and Raleigh. The regiment was mustered out at Louisville in July, 18G5. MEMBEIIS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY A. Thomas Hines, enl, September 2", 1804. Discharged with the regiment July 11, 1865. Henry Lesson, enl. September 26, 1801, Discharged .Tune 3, 1865, Francis L, Jones, enl, September 26, 1864, Discharged June .3, 1865. COMPANY I. David Loper, enl. December 15, 1863. Promoted to Corporal May 1, 1804, and to Sergeant November 20, 1864. Mustered out with the regiment July 11, 1865. George Burton, enl. January 25, 1804. Mustered out with the regiment. Robert J. Barnes, enl. September 23, 1804. Discharged June 3, 1805. Edward Condon, enl. September 27, 1864, Discharged June 3, 1805. COMPANY K. Isaac Parker, enr. as Corporal December 15, 1803. Discharged June 10, 1805. Joseph StuU, enl. Septemter 23, 1864, Discharged June 3, 1865. SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY. The members from Cuyahoga county in the Seven- teenth were ten in number, nine of whom were en- listed in Co. E in 1864, and saw but very little service that could be called severe. They followed Sherman through the Carolinas, passed in review before the President at Washington, and were mustered out at Louisville in July, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Henry J Herrick, enrolled as Assistant Surgeon February 14, 1862. Promoted to Surgeon December 12, 1802. Resigned September 20, 1864. COMPANY E. Julian Berbinger, enlisted September 26, 1864. Died at Savannah, Geor gia, March 2, 1805. Walter H. Teeple, enl. September 27, 1864. Died at Goldsboro, North Carolina, March 24, 1862. James McBride, enl. September 22, 1864. Discharged June 7, 1865. Wilham Neville, enl September 23, 1804. Discharged June 7, 1805. Henry Stark, enl. September 86, 1864, Discharged June 7, 1865. Archibald Scott, enl, September 28, 1864, Discharged June 7, 1865. WiUiam Simps, enl , September "24, 1864 , Discharged June 7, 1865 , James Wilson, enl. September 26, 1864, Discharged June 7, 1865, John Wetzel, enl, September 23, 1804, Discharged June 7, 1865. TWENTIETH INFANTRY. Charles Whittlesey, appointed Assistant Quarter Master General of Ohio, April 15, 1801; Chief MiUtary Engineer of State of Ohio, July 4, 1801; ColonelTwentieth Infantry August 19, 1801; Chief Engineer Military Department of Ohio September 23, 1801. Resigned April 19, 1802. 96 GENERAL HISTORY OF CtJYAHOGA COtJNTY. CHAPTER XIX. THE TWENTY-THIHD INFANTRY, Ct^lebrated Officers — Number from Cuyahoga — The Regiment serves in West Virginia^ Carnifex Ferry — Services in Autumn and Winter of 1861 — A Winter March— A Sharp Fight— A Forced March —Bat- tle of South Mountain — Hiyes wounded— A Brilliant Bayonet Charge — Antietam - Corporal BuITs Pistol — Back in West Virginia — The Victory of Cloyd Mountain - New River Bridge — Hunter's Expe- dition to Lynchburg — Retreat — Extraordinary Hardsliips — In the Shenandoah Valley — The Battle of Winchester — Fighting all Sum- mer — The Battle of Opequan — Crossing a SI iugh — A Complete Vic- tory — North Mountain — Cedar Creek — Sheridan in the Field — An- other Victory — Colonel Hayes made a Brigadier — Subsequent Ser- vices of the Regiment- Mustered Out. This regiment has become celebrated by the number of distinguished men who have graduated from its ranks. When it was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, in the month of June, 18G1, its colonel was William S. Rosecrans, afterwards major general and com- mander of the army operating in middle Tennessee; its lieutenant-colonel was Stanley Matthews, late United States senator, and its major was Rutherford B. Hayes, now President of the United States. Col. Rosecrans was appointed a brigadier general within a few days afterwards, and was succeeded by E. Parker Scammon, who also, at a later day, became a brig- adier. Among the subsequent colonels was James M. Comly, now minister to the Sandwich Islands. There were in all two hundred and forty-six mem- bers of the regiment from Cuyahoga county, includ- ing the whole of Company A, the greater part of Company D, and a few men each in Companies E, F, G and I. On tiie 25th of July, 1861, the regiment proceeded to Clarksburg, West Virginia, and was occupied throughout the summer in that State, operating against guerrillas, guarding important points, etc. In the forepart of September the Twenty-Third, as a part of Gen. Rosecrans' army, marched to Carnifex Ferry, where, on the evening of the tenth of that month, it was busily engagaged in skirmishing with the enemy. The latter abandoned his position during the night, and was pursued by the Twenty-Third and other regiments to Big Sewell Mountain. The regi- ment soon fell back to Camp Ewing on Xew river, where they remained several months, suffering severely from sickness. During the autumn the Twenty-Third was thor- ouglily drilled by its officers, and soon attained great proficiency. In January and February, 1862, Com- panies A, B, F, and G, were stationed at Raleigh Court-House, under Major Comly, and on the tenth of the latter month that officer marched with his men twenty-eight miles through a snow storm to the month of Blue Stone river, driving .a regiment of rebel in- fantry across that stream, and capturing their tents, forage, etc. The gallantry and fortitude displayed in this exploit were highly complimented by Gen. Rose- crans in general orders. The regiment remained in winter quarters until the 32d of April, when it moved in the advance of the brigade toward Princeton, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Hayes. On the 8th of May nine companies of the Twenty-Third were attacked by four rebel regiments under General Heth, and after a gallant resistance, were forced to retreat. Soon after, the command proceeded to Flat Top mountain, where it remained until the middle of July. After the month spent at Green Meadow, the regiment made a forced march of a hundred and four miles in a little over three days (claimed to be the fastest on record by a force of that size) to the Great Kanawha, whence it went by boat and car to Wash- ington, D. C. Thence it proceeded under Gen. Mc- Clellan to meet Lee, and on the 14th of September, 1862, engaged in the battle of South Mountain. This was the first severe battle in wliich the regiment took part, and it proved to be one of the hardest in which it ever was engaged. Though only a compara- tively small portion of the army was in this battle, yet that portion was called on to display its utmost courage. The enemy was posted behind stone-walls^ and poured in musketry, grape and canister on our advancing columns at short range, and with terrible effect. About nine o'clock the Twenty-Third, three hundred and fifty strong, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Hayes, advanced with the utmost gallantry. In a short time that officer was badly wounded, Lieut. Henry G. Hood, of Cuyahoga county, met with a similar misfortune, and a hundred officers and men (nearly thirty per cent, of the whole number) were killed and wounded. Major Comly then took command, and engaged successfully with a rebel force on the left. Col. Hayes soon came back with his wound half dressed, and insisted on fighting, against the remonstrance of his officers, until, weak from from loss of blood, he was carried from the field. The whole brigade now made a gallant charge across an open field against the enemy ensconced behind a stone-wall- Our inform- ant, Lieut. Benjamin Killam, who was wounded in the battle, declares that the only men he saw killed with the bayonet in the numerous conflicts in which he took part, were slain in this charge. With cheers of defiance the Union men rushed foi'ward at the top of their speed across the open space. The rebels re- mained behind the wall until their enemies were springing over it. They then attempted to escape, but many of them were slain with the bayonet before they could do so. Two other bayonet charges were made by the brig- ade during the day, but the rebels broke before they could be reached. The regiment, in company with its division, continued the contest until near night- fall, the enemy being driven back at all points. Nearly two hundred men of the Twenty-Third, more than half the whole number engaged, had been killed or wounded. Among the former was Capt. Abraham G. Hunter, of Cuyahoga county; among the latter from that county were Joshua L. Barnes, John Dunn and Thaddeus G. Ross. The severity of the conflict was also emphasized by the condition of the colors, TWENTY-THIRD INFANTRY. 97 which were riddled with bullets, the "field" being almost entirely carried away. At Antietam the regiment was less severely en- gaged, but even there it suffered seriously from a flank attack by the enemy in which the colors were shot down, although they were immediately replanted by Major Comly in a new line, where the regiment quickly established itself and succeeded in repulsing its assailants. Among the mortally wounded at Antietam was Corporal Sheridan B. Bull, of Solon, in this county. He fell just as the regiment was compelled to give way before the sudden attack of the enemy. He car- ried a pistol marked with his name, "S. E. Bull." Seeing the enemy advancing, he hastily dug a hole and concealed the weapon. . One of his comrades. Private Henry, noticed the act, and made a hasty ob- servation of the surrounding objects. Both men were captured. Bull died while a prisoner; Henj-y re- covered and was exchanged. Sixteen and a half years after the battle, in the month of April last, Mr. Henry, then principal of the public schools at Coshoc- ton, Ohio, revisited the field of strife, discovered the locality in question, and after a little digging had the good fortune to find the pistol of his old comrade, badly rusted but still intact, and still bearing the name "S. B. Bull," cut by the fingers of the young patriot when he went forth to battle for his country. The weapon was sent to Corporal Bull's father, L. S. Bull, Esq., now postmaster at Solon, mentioned in the his- tory of that township as a son of the earliest settler. In October the Twenty-Third returned to West Virginia, where Col. Scammon was appointed a brig- adier-general. Lieut. -Col. Hayes was commissioned as colonel. Major Comly as lieutenant-colonel, and Capt. J. P. Mcllrath, of Cuyahoga county, (Captain of Company A) as major. The regiment was on garrison and scouting duty in West Virginia, without being called on for very seri- ous work, from this time until the last of April, 1864, when it marched with the forces under General Crook in a raid on the Virginia and Tennessee railroad. The men made a very severe march through moun- tains, forests and snows, and on the 9th of May found the enemy intrenched on the first crest of Cloyd Mountain. Passing through a belt of woods, the line came to an open meadow, beyond which was a wooded hill, with rough breastworks near the top defended by in- fantry and artillery. Led by its officers, the regiment charged swiftly across the meadow under a heavy fire, and then, after a brief pause, dashed up the hill and drove the rebels from their intrenchments at the point of the bayonet. Our informant, previously mentioned, describes it as "a sharp, little fight while it lasted." Two attempts were made by the rebels to rally higher up the mountain, but in both cases they were easily routed. Capt. A. A. Hunter, of Cuyahoga county, (com- mander of Company K) was killed in the action, and forty or fifty officers and men were killed and wounded. At New River Bridge, on the same expedition, (May 10, 1864,) there was a sharp and successful skirmish, after which the bridge and several miles of the Vir- ginia and Tennessee railroad were destroyed. After another month of hard marching and occa- sional skirmishing over the mountains of West Vir- ginia, the command joined General Hunter's foi'ces at Staunton, in the Shenandoah valley, on the 8th of June. The whole command then proceeded up the valley and across toward Lynchburg. They defeated the enemy in a sharp fight two miles from that city, but as no attack was made that night, heavy re-en- forcements were brought up from Richmond, and its capture became impracticable. The army then retreated to West Virginia. The whole expedition was one of extraordinary severity, on account of the hard marching through the moun- tains accompanied by a great lack of food. During nine days of continuous marching and fighting the men had less than quarter rations, and when they at length met a supply-train they are described by an officer present as camping and "eating all night." In the following month Crook's command, includ- ing the Twenty-Third, was ordered to the Shenandoah valley to meet Early. On the 34th of that month the regiment took part in one of the numerous battles of Winchester. This was one in which the United States forces were defeated; the Twenty-Third having ten officers and a hundred and forty-three officers and men killed and wounded. It were idle to attempt to recount the unnumbered marches, countermarches and minor conflicts which occurred during the remainder of the summer. They may be summed up in the words of the gentleman before quoted, "we were fighting all the time," said he; "We fought more that summer than we did during all the rest of our service." During the sum- mer the Twenty-Third was consolidated with the Twelfth the new regiment comprising seven com- panies of the former and three of the latter, and retaining the name of the Twenty-Third. At the battle of Opequan, on the 19th of Septem- ber, Hayes' bi-igade, including the Twenty-Third, was in advance on the extreme right of the infantry. After driving back the enemy's cavalry and coming under fire from his infantry, the brigade reached a slough, some fifty yards wide, in which the water was nearly waist deep, while beneath it was a bed of soft mud, of varying depth and treacherous consistency. The whole line halted at this formidable obstacle, but Colonel Hayes, the brigade commander, plunged in, and, although his horse several times fell in the mud, urged him on and reached the farther shore, the first one across. The brigade followed, many men being drowned in the treacherous morass, but most of them reached the farther shore, formed their lines, dashed upon the enemy and drove them back. This was repeated several times; the cavali-y charging every time, and capturing a large number of prison- is 98 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUXTY. ers. The division commander was wounded and car- ried from the field; leaving Colonel Hayes in com- mand, who led the division during the remainder of the battle with the most reckless gallantry — half of the time being in advance of the line of infantry. The result of the whole battle was a complete vic- tory for the Union arms, eight battle flags and several thousand prisoners being captured, of which the Twenty-Third took two hundred. At the battle of North Mountain, Hayes' brigade charged with such fury that the rebels made almost no resistance and were driven in utter rout from their intrenchments, while the Unionists suffered very little loss. On the 19th of October th« Twenty-Third took part in the battle of Cedar Creek; the conflict which has become celebrated throughout the country by the meteor-like appearance of Sheridan on his coal-black steed to retrieve the fortunes of the day. The enemy having stolen across an unguarded ford. Crook's com- mand and the Nineteenth corps were driven back with heavy loss. At length, however, they established themselves on a new line, and were awaiting develop- ments when Sheridan dashed up from Winchester. A roar of cheers greeted him, and, after making the necessary arrangements, he ordered the advance of the line. Another great victory was the result; the infantry driving back the enemy again and again, and the cavalry, as before, charging each time and capturing prisoners by the thousand. Colonel Hayes was promoted to brigadier general and Lieutenant-Colonel Comly to colonel for their part in the battle of Cedar Creek; their commissions both dating from that day. The regiment remained in the valley and in West Virginia during the remainder of the war, but was not called on to take part in any important conflicts. It was mustered out on the 25th of July, 1865, and then proceeded to Camp Taylor, Cleveland, where the men were paid off and discharged. MEMBEKS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Russell Hastings, enr, as Second Lieutenant Company I, May 23, 1861; promoted to First Lieutenant March 23, 1862; to Captain Company K August 8. 1863 ; and to Lieutenant Colonel March 8, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. James P. Mcllrath, enr. as Captain May 18, 1861; promoted to Major November 3, 1862. Mustered out at end o£ term, June 11, 1864. Harry Thompson, enr. as First Sergeant May 18, 1861; promoted to Second Lieutenant July 24. 1861 ; to First Lieutenant September 24, 1862; to Captain June 14, 1864; and to Major March 8, 1865. Mustered out with regiment. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Jehial L. Chamberlain, enr. as Corporal Company A May 18, 1861; pro- moted to Sergeant November 30, 1863, and transferred to Non-Com- missioned Staff, with rank of Commissary Sergeant January 12, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment July 26, 1865. Edward V. Spring, enr. May 18, 1861; transferred to Non-Commissioned Staff as Chief Musician July 1, 1864. Mustered out July 26, 1865. James Thompson, enl. May 18, 1861; transferred to Non-Commissioned Staff as Commissary Sergeant July 1, 1864; promoted to Quarter- Master Sergeant January 12, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865. COMPANY A Eugene Clarli, transferred from Company I, and made Captain Company A May 1, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865. -t- Wallace J. Woodward, tnr. as First Lieutenant May 18, 1861. Promoted to Captain Company G July 24, 1861. Benjamin Killam, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant November 30, 1863; to Second Lieutenant January 14, 1804; and to First Lieutenant July 1 1864. Mustered out with the regiment. John F. Wall, enr. as Second Lieutenant May 18, 1861; promoted to First Lieutenant July 24, 1861. Resigned September 19, 1861. George W. Hicks, enr, as Sergeant May 18, 1661; promoted to Second Lieutenant February 8, 1862, and to First Lieutenant November 20, 1862. Resigned June 11, 1864. William P. Chamberlain, enr. as Corporal May IS, 1861; promoted to Sergeant; to Second Lieutenant November 3, lf62; and to First Lieu- tenant August 8, 1863. Mustered out at end of term, June 11, 1864. Frederick Thompson, enr, as Corporal May 18, 1861; promoted to Ser" geant November 30, 1863; to Second Lieutenant October 11, 1864; and to First Lieutenant April 20, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment, Orville W. Richards, enr, as i orporal May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Ser- geant; to Second Lieutenant August 18, 1863, Mustered out with the regiment. Charles H, Moore, enr. as Sergeant May 18, 1861; promoted to Second Lieutenant July 14, 1864. Resigned September 23, 1864. Charles A, Willard, enr. May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant November 30, 1863 ; and to Second Lieutenant April .30, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. Charles H. Morgan, enr. May 18, 1861; promoted to Sergeant; and to Second Lieutenant August 18, 1863 Transferred to Company D May 1, 1865, Leander H, Lane. enr. as Corporal Company D May 20, 1861 ; promoted to Sergeant November 27, 1863; to Second Lieutenant of CompanyA July 34, 1864; to First Lieutenant Company G July 21, 1864. Hugh McCanna, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to First Sergeant May 1> 1865. Mustered out with the regiment, July 26, 1865. Cassius L. Mather, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal October 1, 1803; and to Sergeant April 20, 1665. Mustered out July 36, 1865. James Hays, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Coiporal November 30, 1863; and to Sergeant May 1, 1865, Mustered out with the regiment. Nathan I, Kelley, enl. May 18, 1661 ; promoted to Corporal November 30, 1863; and to Sergeant May 1, 1865. Mustered out ivith the regiment, John K. Wise, enl. May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal October 1, 1863, Mustered out with the regiment, Eli H, Botsford, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal October 1, 1863, Mustered out with the i egiment, Charles Biseut, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal November 30, 1863. Mustered out with the regiment, Charles Hartman, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal January 24, 1865. Mustered out B-ith the regiment. John Black, enl. as private May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal May 1 1863. Mustered out with the regiment. David T. Howe, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Coi-poral May 1, 186B, Mustered out with the regiment, Thomas Bowra, enl. May 18, 1861, Mustered out with the regiment, Joiiu Biseut, enl. February 5, 1865. Mustered out with the regiment. Hugh Cameron, enl. Dectmber 31, 1S63. Mustered out with regiment. John H. Clute, enl. Januarj' 5, 1864, Mustered out with the regiment. Joseph C. Caldwell, enl. November 1, 1863. Mustered out with regiment. Charles E. Dermott, enl, Dec, 22, 1863, Mustered out with the Regiment, Charles E, Dibble, enl, Feb, 24, 1364. Mustered out with the Regiment. James B Greenup, enl. Feb . 24, 1864, Mustered out with the Regiment, James A. Hill, enlisted May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. Johnson Black, enl . Nov . 29, 1863 . Mustered out with the Regiment. Albert G. Bently, enl. Deo. 26, 1863. Mustered out with theEegiment. Norman H. Bull, enl. Feb. 19, 18B4. Slustered out with the Regiment. Frederick Hanna, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. Francis Halpin, enl. May 18, 1861 , Mustered out with the Regiment, Oren S. Hoyt, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered cut with the Regiment. Levi S. Harper, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. Patrick Hogan, enl. January 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment. John Kalbrunner, enl Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Regiment. Wilham Lett, enl. Decembers, 1863. Mustered out with the Regiment. Edward Lynch, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment. George Kempf, enl. May 18,1861. Mustered out with theEegiment. James S . Mitchell, enl. May 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Regiment. Martin McGrath, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment. Oliver R. Mosley, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Regiment. Edward A . Parmalee, enl. January 28, 1664 Mustered out with the Reg- iment. EdwardJ. Stephens, enl. January 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg- iment. Alexander Stewart, enl. May 18, 1861, Mustered out with the Regiment. Charles Stahl, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. William H, Sawyer, enl. May 18, 1861, Mustered out with the Regiment. Bernard Schmitz, enl. May 18, 1661. Mustered out with the Reguneut. Charles P. Smith, enl. May 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. Joseph Zelenka, enl. May 18. 1861. Mustered out with the Regiment. James Palmer, enl. May 18, 1861; promoted to Corporal and to Sergeant January 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Regiment. Henry L. Braddish, enl. May 18, 1861. Taken prisoner May 9, 1664. TWENTY-THIRD INFANTEY. 99 Ira Burlingame, enl. January 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Eegimeut. John Caldwell, enl. January 23, 1864. Left, sick, at Winchester, Vir- ginia, May 5, 1865. Franklin Giles, enl. January 4, 1864. Taken prisoner. George Watson, enl. December 23, 1863. Left, sick, at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, . Sheridan E. Bull, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861. Killed at Antietam, Maryland, September 17, 1862. Michael Butler, enl. May 18, 1861 ; promoted to Corporal. Killed in ac- tion, May 9, 1864. Joshua L. Barnes, enl. May 18, 1861. Killed at South Mountain, Mary- land, September 14, 1862. George S. Ayres, enl. Dec. 20, 1863. Killed in action, July 24, 1864. John Dunn, enl. May 18, 1861. Killed at South Mountain, Maryland, September 14, 1862. Charles H. Hickox, enl. May 18. 1861. Killed at Cloyd Mountain, Vir- ginia, May 9, 1884. Jacob Henry, enl. May 18, 1861. Killed at Cloyd Mountain, Virginia, May 9, 1864. John G. Monger, enl. January 27, 1864. Killed at Winchester, Virginia, July 24, 1864. Thadeus A. Ross, enl. May 18, 1864. Killed at South Mountain, Mary- laud, September 14, 1862. Frank W. Bumell, enl. May 19, 1861. Died at Green Meadows, Virginia, August 5, 1862. Robert C. Cornwall, enl. May 18, 1861. Died of wounds received in ac- tion, November 3, 1862. Henry H. Cragin, enl. May 18, 1861 . Died at Wheeling, West Virginia, December 24, 1863. Manville Clark, enl. February 24, 1864. Died at Parkersburg, West Virginia, July 27. 1864. Joseph W. Fell, enl. May IS, 1861. Drowned in Little Kanawha river, August 23, 1861. Lorenzo A. Fuuver, enl. January S3, 1864. Died in rebel prison at Danville, Virginia. Henry E. Hazen, enl. May 18, 1861. Died at Cross Lanes, Virginia, Octo- ber 2, 1861. William H. Hubbell, enl. February 23, 1864. Died in rebel prison at Danville, Virginia. Abram S. Johnson, enl. February 25, 1864. Died at Frederick City, Maryland, October 19, 1864. Alva A. Rice, enl. February 5, 1864. Died in rebel prison at Savannah, Georgia, August 25, 1864. Harry Thompson. (See Field and Staff.) • " Henry M. Haven, enr. as Sergeant, May 18, 1861. Promoted to Captain of Company G, December 10, 1861, Alfred A. Jerome, enl . May 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal and to Ser- geant November 30, 1863. Discharged for disabiUty June 5, 1865. James E. Doughty, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861. Pomoted to Sergeant February 14, 1862. AsaM. Van Sickle, enl. May 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal. Discharged for disability July 1, 186a. George C. Thurston, enl. May 18, 1861. Promoted to Corporal. Dis- charged at end of term, June 11, 1864. James H. Armour, enl May 18,.1861. Promoted to Corporal. Discharged at end of term June 11, 1864. Stephen Lejeune, enr. as Corporal May 18, 1861. Discharged for disa- bility April 3, 1865. Sylvester F. Moore, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged for disability April ' 2, 1862. John S. Chapman, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged January 5, 1865. Wilbur Bentley, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. for disability May 16, 1865. Henry Burmester, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability May 28, 1863. Andrew S. Barker, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged Jaauary 80, 1863, in order to join the Cavalry. Thomas 0. Connors, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H, March 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1861. John O. Corvin, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H, March 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864. Michael Deady, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged for disability February 26, 1863. John Fitch, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged at end of term, June 11, 1864. Sanford H. Fitch, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. for disability June 2, 1865. Andrew M. Green, enl. May 18, 1861. Discharged at end of term, June 11, 1864. Edward E. Henry, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864, Mustered out June 30, 1864. Joseph S. Harris, enl. May 18, 1861, Promoted July 1, 1862, to Sergt. Frederick Harris, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864. John E. Hewitt, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability. Henry W. Higby, enl. May 18, 1861. Traosf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864. George W. Jenkins, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1864. Thomas Jones, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864, Mustered out June 30, 1864. David H. Kimberly, enl. Miy 18, 1861. Disoh. at end of term, June 11, 1864. Washington Litoh, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864. Henry C. Lufkin, enl. May 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, Feb. 27,1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864 . William G. Lee, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. tor disability June 5, 1865. Edgar G. Meekins, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability June 1,1882. Edwin F. Parker, enl. May 18, 1861. Disoh. at end of term, June 11, 1864. James K. Rudolph, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1864. Joseph Rudolph, enl. May 18, 1881. Transferred March 1, 1862, to Com- pany A, Forty-Second Regiment. Disoh. at end of term, July 6, 1864. Charlts P. Smith, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1864. Joseph Smith, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of term, June 11, 1864. WilUam A. TUl, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 11, 1868. Isaac Ullman, enl. jiay 18, 1881. Disch. January 30, 1883, in order to enUst in the Cavalry. Henry S. Wenbau, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H March 15, 1884. Mustered out June 30, 1864. William Wallace, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. at end of cerm, June 11, 1864. Henry K. Wise, enl. May 18, 1881. Disoh. for disability. Thomas J. u lugam, enl. May 18, 1881. Disch. for disability Jan. 21, 1862. Philip C. Molliath, enr. as Sergeant May 18, 1861. Transferred to the Brigade Band September 1, 1861. Edwin B. Campbell, enl. May 18, 1881 ; promoted to Sergeant October 1, 1882. Was discharged and re-enlisted in the Tenth Cavalry, Com- pany M, as Second Lieutenant, July 23, 1863. Albeit Tucker, enl, February 21, 1861. Died at Germantown, Pennsyl- vania, October 24, 1881. D. B. Ainger, enl. December 17, 1883. Mustered out July 26, 1865. Charles VV. Chapman, enl. j anuaty 5, 1884. Transferred co the Brigade Baud Januaiy 6, 1864. John Brunei', eiir. as Musiciau December 12, 188.j. Discharged for disa- biUty June 14, 1865. William Pettibone, enl. Jan. 11, 1884. Disch. tor disabiUty June 13, 1865. Seth L Rhodes, enl. December 17, 1861. Died at Fayetteville, West Vir- ginia, April 26, 1862. Lorenzo D. Hunt, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Disch. tor disability June 1, 1863. James Olds, enl, Dec. 17, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Dec. 17, 1864. Asa Smith, enl. Deo. 17, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Dec. 17, 1864. Edward W. Roscoe, enl. May 18, 1861. Transferred to Company H March 15, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864 Augustus Berschig, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. for disability Jan. 5, 1865. COMPAIir B. Charles H. Morgan, enl. May 18, 1861, Company A; promoted to Ser- geant; and to Second Lieutenant August 18, 1863. Transferred to Company D, and promoted to First Lieutenant May 1, 1865; and to Captain Company B May 29, 1865. Mustered out with regiment. Henry Richardson, enr. Second Lieutenant Company D May 30, 1861 ; promoted to First Lieutenant Company B July 24, 1861 ; to Captain Company H, Fifth-Fourth Infantry, February 1, 1862. COMPANY 0. Benjamin Jackson, traasterred from Company I and made 1st Lieuten- ant of Company 0, June 1, 1833. Mustered out with the Regiment. John F. Cutler, enr. as Sergeant May 33, 1861 ; prom jted to 2d Lieuten- ant July 33, 1861. Resigned September 22, 1861. COMPANY D. Howards. Lovejoy, enr. as Captain, May 20, 1881; wounded at Antietam, Maryland, September 1862. Resigned Feb. 13, 1863. Charles H. Morgan, enlisted in Company A May 18, 1861; trans- ferred to Company D and made 1st Lieutenant May 1, 1865. Trans- ferred to Company B May 39, 1885. John T. Ogden, enr. as Corporal May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergeant, to 2d Lieutenant April 20, .1864, and to 1st Lieutenant May .30, 1865. Mustered out with the Regiment July 26, 1885. Henry L. Hood, enl. Company G as 1st Lieutenant, June 7, 1861; trans- ferred to Company D March 31, 1863, and September 4th returned to Company G. Abram A. Hunter, enr. as 1st Lieutenant May 30, 1861 ; promoted to Captain Company K March 1, 1862. Henry Richardson, ear. as 3d Lieutenant May 20, 1861 ; promoted to 1st Lieutenant Company B July 34. 1881. Edward Cameron, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergeant and to 1st Sergeant March 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. July 26, 1865. John Gorman, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out with the regiment. Edwin Hawes, enl. May 20, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. George W. Penn, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Musician and mustered out with the regiment. Corydon Bassett, enl. May 20, 1861 . Mustered out with the regiment. William Graeber, enl. May 20, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Joel Hance, enl. May 30, 1861 . Mustered out with the regiment . Edgar Leach, enl. May 30, 1861 . Mustered out with the regiment. 100 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Sylvester Leach, enl. May 30, 1861. Mustered out with the regiment. Henry Marmilstein, enl. May 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. David E. Scott, enl. May 30, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. James Wortman, enl. May 30, 1861 . Mustered outwith the Reg. John H. Lindley, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergt. Killed at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14, 1863. Isaac W. Barker, enl. May 20, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Sept. 14, 1863. Hiram Durkee, enl. May 20, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Sept. 14, 1863. James Eldridge, enl. May 30, 1861. KUled at Antietam, Md., Sept. 17, 1863. Frederick Hooker, enl. May 30, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14, 1863. Edward Sims, enl May 20, 1861. Killed at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14, 1863. WilUam W. Hardy, enr. as Sergt. May 20, 1861. Died at FayettevjUe, Va., Jan. 15, 1862. Harvey K. Law, enl. May 20, 1861 ; promoted to Corp. Died at Camp Ewing, Va., Nov. 2, 1861. OrinF. Green, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Died at Raleigh, Va., April 5, 1862. Samuel ChfEord, enl. May 20, 1861. Died at rebel prison July 12, 1864. Gilbert G. Held, enl. May 20, 1861. Lost on the steamer Sultana April 25, 1865. John R. Searl, enl. May 20, 1861. Died at Raleigh, Va., March 16. 1862 Eliphalet I. Taylor, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergt. Dis- charged at end of term June 11, 1864. Dennison C. Hanchett, enr. as Corp. May 30, 1861; promoted to Sergt. Disch. at end of term June 11, 1864. Lucius F. Gilson, enl. May 20, 1861; promoted to Sergt. Disch. at end of term June 11, 1864. Willis Chase, enl. May 20, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Discharged for disability caused by wounds April 19, 1865 . William E. Brooks, enl May 20, 1861 . Promoted to Corp . Discharged at end of term June 11, 1864. Olifton A. Bennett, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Promoted July 28, 1863, to Sergt. Discharged at end of term June 11, 1864. James H. Goddard, enr. as Coi-p. May 20, 1861. Discharged at end of term June 1 1 , 1864. Edgar A. Price, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Discharged for disability Dec. 18. 1863. Abraham Tanner, enl. May 20, 1861 . Promoted to Corp . Disch. at end of term June 11, 1864. Daniel Baker, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Feb. 1, 1862. William R, Boone, enl. May 30, 1861. Disch. Sept. 20, 1861. Jasper '. Cooley, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. June 14. 1863. John O. Beirn, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. June 21, 1865. James Crowder, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. Nov. 23, 1862 John Eaton, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 29, 1863. Milton H. Franks, enl. May 30, 1861 . Disch. for disability Sept. 19, 1861 . Thomas Flack, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. Jan. 23, 1863. John Goss, enl. May 30, 1861. Disch. April 1, 1863. Williaml. Holcomb, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability April 17, 186.3. Jacob Hartman, enl. May 20, 1861 . Disch. for disability May 4, 1863. Theodore Harris, enl. May 30, 1861. Disch. at end of term June 11, 1864. David Peterman, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct. 26, 1862. Martin Ryan, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 7, 1862. Truman S. Seaman, enl. May 20, 1(!61. Disch. for disability June 5, 1862. Marshall H. Sipler, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability March 16 1863. Ephraim Stevens, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. at end of term June 11, 1864. LawrenceSquire, enl. May20, 1861. Taken prisoner July 24, 1664. Was released and Disch. June 8, 1865. Harry Wheeler, enl . May 20, 1861 . Disch . for disabihty Sept . 20, 1861 . Sumuel Ward, enl. May 20, 1861 Disch. for disability Oct. 85, 1863. Henry Agar, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf . to Co. K March 14, 1864 Mus- tered out July 6, 1864. -George Archer, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mustered out July 6. 1864. Joseph Brumley, enl. May 30, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864. George S. Bidwell, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1S64. Mustered out June -30, 1864. Frederick V. Cogswell, enl. as Musician May 20, 1861. Sampson C. Curtiss, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, Mustered out June 30, 1864. David Danby. enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. tered out July 6, 1864. Ransom Fisher, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864, Mus- tered out June 30, 1864. William D. Hanson, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864 Mustered out July 6, 1864. Joseph Hower, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus- tered out July 6, 1864. Philip Holzworth, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14 1864 Mustered out July 6, 1864. ' Henry M. Holzworth. enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14 1864 Mustered out July 6. 1864. ' Theodore W. Ingersoll, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864 . ' 1864. Mus- William Jones, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus- tered out July 6, 1864. Allen H. Larned, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864. George Lowenstein, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864. Anson K. Mills, enl. May 30, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus- tered out July 6, 1864. Charles E. Manchester, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Henry Montague, enl. May 30, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mustered out July 6,. 1864 Henry Molter, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mus- tered out July 6, 1864. Frederick Motrey, enl. May 20, 1851. Tiansf. to Co. K March 14, 1864. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Meredith McKinney, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March B, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864 . George C. Reannourd, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H March 5, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864. Addison A. Root, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K. March 14, 18M. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Warren Square, enl. May 20,- 1861. Transf. to Co. K, March 14, lo64. Mustered out July 6, 1864. James H. Waldo, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 5, 1864.. Mustered out J une 30, 1864 . Nelson H. Wing, enl May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. H, March 5, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864. Thomas J. Wiley, enl. May 20, 1861 . Transf. to Co. H, March 5, 1864. Mustered out June 30, 1864. Charles Morgan, enl. May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K, March 14, 1864. Mustered out July 6, 1864. Leander H. Lane, enr. as Corp. May 20, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 27, 1868, to 2nd Lieut Co. A, July 2, 1864. Samuel McElroy, enl. as Musician May 20, 1861. Transf. to Co. K, March 14, 1864. Disch. with the Co. July 6, 1864. COMPASY E. Orson Holly, enl. Jan. 5. 186(. Promoted to Corp . June 28, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co July 26. 1865. Jared S. Chamberlain, enl. March 35, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Featherly, enl . March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co . Scott F. Huntley, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Horace A. Little, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. David C. Stover, enl. Feb. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY P. Alonzo Kingsbury, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Williams, enl. July 14, 1864. Disch. July 8, 1865. COMPANY G. Wallace J. Woodward, First Lieut. Co. A, May 18, 1861. Prom. toCapt. Co. G, July 34, 1861. Died of fever at Camp Ewing, Nov. 6, 1861. Henry M. Haven, enl. Sergt. Co. A, May 18, 1861. Prom, to Capt. Co. G, Dec. 10, 1861. Resigned Dec. 1, 1862. Henry G. Hood, enr. as 1st Lieut. June 7, 1861. Assigned to Co. D, March 31, 1862 Promoted to Capt. Sept. 4, 1862, and returned to Co. G. Wounded at South Mt., Md . Sept. 14, 1862. Disch. July9» 1864. Leander H Lane, enr. Corp. Co. D, May 20, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. Nov. 27, 1863; to 2d Lieut. Co. A, July 3, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. G, July 21, 1864, and to Capt. Co. I, Jan. 12, 1865. Lewis Barrett, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. June 30, 1865. COMPANY I. Robert More, enr. as Captain May 22, 1861. Res. March 33, 1862. Leander H. Lane, enl. Corp. Co. D, May 20, 1861. Made 3nd Lieut. Co. A, July 2, 1864, 1st Lieut. Co. G, July 31, 1864, and Capt. Co. I, Jan . 13, 1865 . Mustered out with the Co . Eugene Clark, enr, as Corp. May 23, 1861. Promoted to Sergt; to 3nd Lieut. June 11, 1864; to 1st Lieut. July 1, 1864, and to Captain Co. A, May 1, 1865. Charles P. Conant, enl. May 32, 1861 . Prom, to Sergt. Nov. 30, 1863; to 2d Lieut. Oct. 8, 1864, and to 1st Lieut. April 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. July 26, 1885. Benj W. Jackson, enr. as Sergt. May 33, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. March 23, 1862, and to 1st Lieut. Co. C, Jan. 1, 1863. Russell Hastings. (See Field and Staff.] Valcen Jackson, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 26, 1865. Perry C. Carroll, enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George C. Jones, enl. May 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Ryan, enl. June 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Scribner, enl. Feb 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Walker, enl. Feb. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. TWENTY-FOURTH AND OTHER INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 101 John Hadloek, enl. June 8, 1864. Sick in Hosp. at Baltimore since April 15, 1865. WilliamF. Greer, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Killed at Cloyd Mt., Va., May 9, 1864. Charles Dille, enl. Sept. 1, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison Aue 1. .1864. Orin C. Johnson, enl. Deo. 28, 1863. Died in rebel prison at Salisbury N C, Dec. 16, 1864. Charles Bliss, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Disch. for disability May 29, 1865. Daniel B. Jenks, enl. Sept, 1. 1862. Transf. to the Invalid Corps Dec 31 1863. COMPANY K. Abram A. Hunter, enr. 1st Lieut. Co. D, May 20, 1861. Prom, to Capt. Co. K, March 1, 1863. Wounded at South Mt., Md., Sept. 14, 1862- Killed at Cloyd Mt., Va., May 9, 1864. Russell Hastings, enr. Co. I, as 3d Lieut. May 23, 1861. Made Capt. Co. K, Aug. 8, 1863. Prom, to Lieut. Col. March 8, 1865. CHAPTER XX. TWENTY-FOURTH, T'WBNTr-SEVENTH AND THIS- TY-SBVENTH INFANTRY, ETC. Organization of the Twenty-fourth— Off to West Virginia^The Rebels defeated— To Kentucky and Tennessee— Pittsburg Landing— It goes north with Buell—Perniville— Stone River— Two Commanders Killed —Chickamauga— Mission Ridge— Dalton— Mustered out— Members from this County— Twenty-fifth Infantry— Transferred Men— The List— Twenty-seventh Infantry— Company G— Service in Missouri— In Pope's Army— Battle of luka— Battle of Corinth— Parker's Cross Roads— At Memphis — In Middle Tennessee — Re-enlistment -The At- lanta Campaign— Dallas— Kenesaw—Nicojack Creek— Hard Fighting before Atlanta— Heavy Losses— To the Sea— Muster out — Cuyahoga Members— Thirtieth Infantry— Thirty-second Infantry— Thirty-third Infantry — Thirty-seventh Infantry— The Number from this Connty Ordered to West Virginia— Fight at Princeton— At Fayetteville— On the Mississippi — The Assault on Vicksburg - Movement to Chatta- nooga — Battle of Mission Ridge- Relief of Knoxville — Re-enlistment — Resaca, Dallas and Kenesaw— Before Atlanta — Battle of Ezra Chapel —Jonesboro— Subsequent Services — Members from Cuyahoga County. TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Camp Chase in the latter part of June, 1861. The records show that fifty -four members, all Germans, were from Cuyahoga county, headed by Lieutenant (afterwards Captain) Jacob Diehl. The regiment went to West Virginia in the latter part of July, serving at Cheat Mountain Summit during August and September. On the morning of September 13th it was surrounded and attacked by a brigade of rebel soldiers. After a skirmishing fight of three hours the assailants fled, leaving some of their number dead on the field besides a few who were taken prisoners. The Twenty-fourth, being defended by abatis, had only two men wounded. On the 3d of October the regiment was slightly engaged at Green- brier, having five men killed and wounded. In November the Twenty-fourth moved to Ken- tucky, joining the Tenth Division, Army of the Ohio. In February, 1862, it proceeded to Nashville, and thence in March went forward with Buell's army to join Grant. It crossed the Tennessee in the after- noon of April 6th, and immediately took part in the battle of Pittsburg Landing. The next day it was sharply engaged, though with comparatively slight loss— four killed and twenty-eight wounded. After serving in northern Mississippi and Alabama it returned to Kentucky, and was present at the battle of Perryville. It was with Rosecrans in his advance 13a from Nashville in December, 1863, and was severely engaged at Stone River, having two regimental com- manders (Colonel Jones and Major Terry) killed in succession in that battle. The whole loss was four officers and ten men killed, and four officers and sixty-nine men wounded, out of three hundred and fifty -three present. After light duty during tlie spring and summer of 1863, the regiment moved forward with Roseci'ans and was warmly engaged at Chickamauga; in fact was badly broken up, and suficred severely in killed and wounded. The same fall the Twenty-fourth took part in the great victory of Mission Ridge. It was also in an engagement near Dalton, having ten men killed and wounded. It saw some hard service during the winter, but no more serious fighting. It was mustered out in June, 1864. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY H. Jacob Diehl, enr. as 2nd Lieut. May 30, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. May 7, 1862, and to Capt. Aug. 16, 1862. .Mustered out with the Co. June 20, 1864. William Hartraan, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 3, 1S62, and to Sergt. Jan. 10, 1863. JohnF. Weigold, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 20, 1863, and to Sergt. June 34, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. June 20, 1864. Henry Schoder, enl. May 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. and to Sergt. April 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Pe er Hoffman, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co . Louis Seithard, enr. as Drummer April 34, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co. William Dodel, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Franz Florin, enl April 23, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Goebel, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Geist, enr. as Corp. April 34, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co. Philip Grames, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew Hilbrunner, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Benoit Kling, enl. May 1, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Stahl, enl . April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co . June 20, 1864. John Sommerholder, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Thode, enl. April 24, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Emanuel Newman, enl. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Killed at Stone River, Tenn , Jan. 2, 1863. Christoph Bergermaister, enl. April 24, 1861. Killed at Greenbriar, Va., Oct. 31, 1861. Sunor Deggengier, enl. May 28, 1861. Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1862, Jacoph Kinesel, enl May 1, 1861. Killed at Greenbriar, Va. , Oct. 31, 1861. John O'Neill, enl. June 13, 1861. Killed at Greenbriar, Va., Oct. 81, 1861. Johann Suter, enl. April 24, 1861, Killed at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1862. Casper Weiss, enr. as Sergt. April 24, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Dec. 31, 1863. Joseh Borlein, enl. April 24, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Tenn , Dec. 31, 1862 John Fry, enl. April 24, 1861 , Promoted to Corp. Died at Cleveland, O. , Feb. 15, 1862. Franz Detombel, enl. May 25, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Dec. 2, 1861. Charles Gusching, enl. May 10. 1861. Died at Mound City, III. , June 1, 1862. John Henss, enl. May 1, 1861. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Sept. 10, 1862. Jacob Schott, enl. May 6, 1861. Died at Mound City, 111., May 12, 1862. Heinrich C. Hoyer, enl, April 24, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Oct. 23, 1863. Joseph Lehman, enl. April 24, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept. 6, 1863. Patrick McNamara, enl. May 4, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept. 6. 1863. J acob Severs, enr. as Corp. May 30, 1861. Transf . to Invalid Corps Oct. 14, 1863. John Wehnes, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. on account of wounds, Nov. 12, 1862. Christian Kramer, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. on account of wounds Juiy 17, 1862. Theodore Reilinger, enl . June 26, 1861 . Disch , on account of wounds Jan. 21, 1862. 102 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Frederick Christian, eur. as Corp. April 24, 1861. Discli. for disabiiity Oct. 9, 1862. Frederick Draeger, enl. April 24, 1861. Discli. for disability Aug. 15, 1862. Christopb Kayler, enl. June 12, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct. 15, 1862. John Deyle, enl. Feb. 20, 1862. Disch. for disability Nov. 8, 1862. William Frochleich, enl. June]2, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 8, 1861. Jacob Hummel, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disability April 2.3, 1862. Alexander Hommel, enl. May 18, 1861. Disch. for disabiUty Aug. 10, 1862. JohnHartman, enl. June 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug., 1861. Leonard Bernhart, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. , 1862 . Jacob Miller, enl. April 24. 1861. Disch. for disability Aug., 1862. John Morro-y, enl. June 26, 1861. Disch. for disability April, 1862. Christopher Passold, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct., 1862. George Roth. enl. May 25, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct., 1862. John Stauffer, enl. May 20, 1861. Disch. for disability Feb.. 1863. Christian Weber, enl. April 24, 1861. Disch. for disabiUty Aug.. 1861. Henry Wilhams, enr. as Corp. May 30, 1861. Appointed 2d Lieut., and transf. to Co. I Jan. 9, 1862. Resigned Jan. 29, 1862. George Arnold, enr. as Capt. April 24, 1861. Promoted to iVIajor 107th Reg. Aug. 26, 1862. Augustus Draeger, enr. Sergt. April 24, 1861. Resigned April 20, 1863. William Machey, enl. May 1, 1861 . Promoted to Corp. ; and to Sergt. Sept. 1, 1861. Mustered out June 20, 1864. Jacob Graef. enr. as Corp. April 24, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co. June 20, 1864. TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. In July, 1865, forty-eight Cuyahoga men of the One Hundred and Seventh Infantry were transferred to the Twenty-fifth. Afterwards the latter served on garrison and guard duty until June, 1866. It was then sent home, mustered out on the eighteenth of that month, some of the men having served over five years. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANS' A. David G. Parker, enl. Nov. 30, 1864. Disch. Nov. 30, 1865. COMPANY D. William Bixler, enl. Sept. 29, 1864. Mustered out July 15, 1865. The following were transferred to the Twenty-fifth, from the One Hundred and Seventh Infantry in July, 1865: Joseph Muller, John G. McCauley, JohnW. Jorvu, Stephen Alge, GustusA. Augspurger, Pat- rick Calaghan, Alvis Daul, Patrick Dillon, Gabriel Fertig, Henry Fight James Goudy, Andrew Gauter, Peter Hirz, Anton Hillerick, John H. Horst, WilUam Lauchley, Michael Maloney, John McConnick, George Mueller, Christoph Mario, William Pluss, Samuel Pfister, William Pen- dleton, James Pendleton, Frederick Prasse, John Sehaab, John Schmehl, Gottleib Schwartz, JuUus Schoeneweg, John Traxel, Christian Wanger, John Wanger, Hermann Wehagen, John Brown, Piatt Benjamin, John Crane, George Ellsworth, George Hugill, George Ody, Gotfried Weiden- kopf , Charles J ones, Edward Johnson, Charles Lyons, Gottleib Muntz, John Schorr, Theodore Baldinger, Robert Dietzold, John Ley. TWENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. Forty-nine men, of Company G," were, according to the record, the contribution of Cuyahoga county to this regiment. Frank Lynch and Edward C. Gibson, of this county, were respectively captain and second lieutenant. The regiment, from all parts of the State, was or- ganized at Camp Chase in August, 1861. In the fall it served in Missouri, and in February, 1862, joined the Army of the Mississippi. In Jilarch it was ac- tively engaged in the siege and capture of New Mad- rid and Island No. Ten. In May, with the rest of Pope's Army it joined Halleck, took part in the siege of Corinth, and remained near that point with the rest of the "Ohio brigade," as it was especially desig- nated, during the summer months. On the 19th of September the Ohio brigade took an active part in the battle of luka, driving the enemy back on the double quick as soon as it reached the bat- tle field. On the third of October it was at the battle of Corinth but not severely engaged. The next day it supported Battery Robinett, the main object of the rebel attack. The enemy made a desperate assault on this position but were forced back with terrific loss. The Twenty-seventh though partially sheltered, had over sixty officers and men killed and wounded in a very brief time. In December, 1862, the Twenty-seventh was warmly engaged with Gen. Forrest at Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn; aiding in the capture of seven pieces of artillery, besides prisoners and horses. It remained at Corinth during the winter of 1862-3 and in the spring of 1863 went to Memphis where it stayed throughout the summer. In October the Ohio brigade moved to mid- dle Tennessee. There it re-enlisted as veterans, and after its return from furlough it was broken up; the Twenty-seventh becoming part of the First brigade, Fourth division. Sixteenth army corps. It took part in Sherman's Atlanta campaign. At Dallas it aided in driving the enemy, and was also engaged at Big Shanty. At Kenesaw it fought hard and suffered heavy loss. At Nicojack creek, at the head of its division, it charged the rebel works with the bayonet and captured them. The regiment was in its hardest battle on the 22d of July, 1864, before Atlaufa, when McPherson was killed. It charged the enemy repeatedly, and once, being at- tacked from the rear, changed front under fire, dressed' its line accurately, and again rushed forward to the charge. Its loss was heavier than in any other battle. Capt. Lynch v/as desperately wounded and was soon after promoted to lieutenant colonel. During the campaign from Chattanooga to Atlanta the Twenty- seventh had sixteen officers and a hundred and ninety- five men killed and wounded — more than half its number. After the capture of Atlanta the Twenty-seventh went with Sherman to the sea; took part in the cam- paign of the Carolinas, and was mustered out in July, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Frank Lynch, enr. as Capt. Co. G July 27, 1861. Promoted to Lieut. Col. Nov. 3, 1864. Wounded at Corinth and before Atlanta. Disch. May 20, 1865. Charles H. Smith, enr. as Sergt. Co. G, July 27, 1861. Prom, to 2d Lieut. Nov. 8, 1862; to 1st Lieut. May 9, 1864; to Capt. Nov. 3, 1864; and to Major May 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Regt. July 11, 1865. NON-OOMMISSIONED STAFF. Gilbert M. Jacobs, enl. July 27, 1861, in Co. G. Prom, to Sergt,; and on March 30, 1865, to Q. M. Sergt. Mustered out with Regt. William D. Evans, ejir. as Musician July 27, 1861. Prom, to Chief Mu- sician May 1, 1862. Mustered out with Regt. July 11, 1865. Henry C. Parmalee, enl. July 27, 1861. Prom, to Prin. Musician, and transf. to Non-Com. Staff Nov. 1, 1862. Mustered out July 11, 1865. COMPANY K. Edward A. Webb, promoted to 1st Lieut, from Co. G Aug, 4, 1864; and Capt. Jan. 28, 1865. Mustered out with Co. TWENTY-FOURTH AND OTHER INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 103 COMPANY a. K. Heber Worth, enr. as Corp. July 27, 1861 , Prom, to Sergt. May 1, 1862; to 2d Lieut. June 27,-1864; to 1st Lieut. Sept. 26, 1864; and te Capt. Jan. 28, 1865. Resigned June 16, 1865. Edward Gibson, enl. as 2d Lieut. July 27, 1861 . Promoted to 1st Lieut- March 31, 1862. Wounded three times at Corinth. Resigned March 14, 1864. Henry W. Diebolt, enl. as Sergt. July 27, 1861 . Promoted to 2d Lieut. Feb. 6, 1:62; and to 1st Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863. Died May 28, 1864, of wounds received near Dallas, Georgia . Edward A. Webb, enr. as Corporal July 27, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. Dec. 25, 1863; to 2d Lieut. June 27, 1864; and to 1st Lieut, and assigned to Co. E Aug. 4, 1864. Matthew F. Madigan, enl. July 27, 1861 . Prom, to Sergt. March 30, 1865, and to 1st Lieut. June 6, 1865. Mustered cut with the Co. George S. Spaulding, enr. as Sergt. Prom, to 2d Lieut. Killed at Dal- las, Georgia. William B. Atwell, enr. as Corp. July 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 25,1863. Killed in action July 4, 1864. George Small, enr. as Corp. July 27, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Transf. to Invalid Corps Jan. 10, 1863. Lucius B. Laney, enr. as Musician July 27, 1861. Disch. for diasability Aug. 2, 1862. Francis Gottka, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. Aug. 18, 1864. JohnBrennis, enl. July 27, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1864; and to Sergt. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 11, 1865. John H. Beman, enl. July 27, 1861. Cleanthus Burnet, enl . July 27, 1861 . Discharged for disability caused by wound received Oct. 4, 1862. John B. Dawson, enl. July 27, 1861. Killed atCheraw, S. C, Feb. 27, 1865. Milton Davis, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 16, 1863. John Dillon, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by a fall, June 10, 1862. Orin B. Gould, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. April 19, 1864, for disability caused by wounds received at Corinth, Miss., Oct. 2, 1862. Samuel R. Grunnell. enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. March 2, 1863, in order to enable him to re-enlist elsewhere. Chester F. Griffith, enl. Jiily 27, 1871. Prom, to Corp. Jan. 1, 1864; and to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. PhiUp R. Harple, enl. July 27, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co. Taylor D. Hall, enl. July 27, 1861 . Disch. for disability Dec. 23, 1861 . James M. Hine, enl. July 27, 1861 . Died at Evansville, Ind., Aug. 20, 1862. Thomas Johnson, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Aug. 18, 1864. Jacob Laux, enl. July 27, 1861 . Disch. for disabihty June 3, 1865. J[acob Loeder, enl. July 27, 1861 . Disch. Oct. 5, 1861. James E. Ladley, enl. July 27, 1861. Taken prisoner Nov. 5, 1861. Re. leased and discharged Dee. 23, 1861 . Sebastian Miller, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. at end or term, Aug. 18, 1864. Jeremiah T. McPherson, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. Deo. 2, 1862, on ac- count of wounds reeeived at Corinth Oct. 4, 1861. J ohn W. Mercer, enl. July 27, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co. Elbridge Myers, enl. July 27, 1861 . Taken prisoner Nov. 5, 1861. Freed and disch. Dec. 23, 1861. WUUam Neyland, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Aug. 18, 1864. Thomas I. Plummer, enl. 27, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Killed at Kene- saw Mountain, Georgia, June 33, 1864. WUUam Parker, enl. July 27, 1861. Discharged for Disability, Oct. 5, 1861. Asa Radway, enl. July 21, 1861 . Prom, to Corp. July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Rathbum, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. July 29, 1863. John SchufE, enl. July 27, 1861 . Died at Nashville, Tenn., June 15, 1864. David Schafer. enl. July 27, 1861 Disch. at end of term Aug^ 18, 1864 Michael Snyder, enl. July 27, 1861. Prom, to Corp July 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. „. .oe- John E. Schuck, enl. July 27, 1861. Disch. for disabdity May 25, 186=. John W. Scott, enl. July 27, 1861. Taken prisoner Nov. 5, 1861. Freed anddisch. Dec. ?3, 1861. , ,.j „ r ~ James R. Thomas, enl. July 27, 1861. Transf. to Invahd Corps Jan. 7, George Brennis, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co George Lemons, enr. as Musician Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with Co. Georee Myers enr. as Musician Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John R Cheek, enr. as Corp. Aug. 19, 1861. Died Aug. 38, 1864, in hos- pital, at Marietta, Ga., from wound. THIRTIETH INFANTRY. COMPANY C. Morgan Lee, enl. March 13, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 13, 1865. THIKXY-FIRST INTANTRY. FIELD AND STAFF. John R. Arter, enr. as Surg. Sept. 13, 1861. Mustered out at expiration of termof service, Sept. 27, 1864. ,,,... -.v. Royal W. Varney, enr. as Asst. Surg. April 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. July 20, 1865. THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. COMPANY A. John W. White, enl. Jan. 1, 1863. Killed in action at Brush Mt., Ga., June 27, 1864. Alonzo Egbert, enl. March 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. July 20, 1865. COMPANY B. Herman Meyers, enl. March 1, 1863. Mustered out 20th July, 1863. COMPANY 0. George Quaid, enl. Jan. 1, 1863. Died from wounds near Atlanta, Ga., July 23, 1864. COMPANY D. David Harrington, enl. Jan. 16, 1863. Michael MoGue, enl . Jan . 16, 1863 . Mustered out July 20, 1865 . THIRTY -THIRD INFANTRY. COMPANY C. EUsworth W. Libby, enl. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1864; to 1st Lieut. Aug. 26, 1864, and to Capt. March 26, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 12, 1865. THIRTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. This, the third German regiment raised in Ohio, contained forty-nine men from Cuyahoga county in Company A, twenty-two in Company F, and forty- two in Company H; besides a few in other companies; bringing the total up to a hundred and thirty-three. It was mustered into service in October, 1861. It soon moved to West Virginia, where it was in service during the winter. In March, 1862, with other regiments, it was engaged in a hard fight at Princeton, W. Va., in which the command had the misfortune to be defeated; the Thirty rseventh having - one officer and thirteen men killed, and two officers and forty-six men wounded. The Thirty-seventh was also sharply engaged near Fayetteville, on the 10th of September, with a heavy force under General Loring. At this time the whole command was com- pelled to retreat to the Ohio river. In December, the regiment was ordered to join Grant's army, and on the 21st of January, 1863, ar- rived at Milliken's Bend, nearly opposite Vicksburg, becoming a part of the Fifteenth Army Corps. After arduous service through the rest of the winter, and after taking part in the feint against Haines' Bluff in April, the Thirty-seventh moved on the 13th of May to Grand Gulf, and thence marched to the rear of Vicksburg. It took an active and gallant part in the unsuccessful assaults on that place, made on the 19th and 32d of May; having nineteen men killed and seventy wounded. After the capture of Vicksburg, the summer of 1863 was spent in active duty in Mississippi. During Oc- tober and November the Thirty-seventh made its way to Chattanooga. On the morning of the 25th of November it assaulted the rebel fortifications, situated on the lofty heights of Mission Ridge. It was re- pulsed with the loss of five men killed, and five offi- cers and thirty-one men wounded, but as the enemy's works were captured at numerous points it was soon enabled to advance and join in the pursuit. Imme- diately afterward the regiment was sent to aid in the 104 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. relief of Knoxville, which was accomplished by a brief campaign, but one of extraordinary hardships. In March, 1864, the Thirty-seventh re-enlisted as veterans, and after the usual furlough advanced with the Fifteenth Army Corps on the Atlanta campaign. In its advance on Eesaca it had thirteen officers and men killed and wounded. It also took part in the conflicts at Dallas and New Hope Church, and the terrible battle of Kenesaw Mountain. Before Atlanta, on the 32d of July, it was outflanked and compelled to abandon its intrenchments, with a loss of fourteen men killed and wounded, and thirty-eight taken pris- oners, but immediately after joined in a general at- tack and recaptured the position. On the 37th of July the Thirty-seventh was engaged in the battle of Ezra Chapel, in which the enemy was completely de- feated. On the 30th of August it was in the battle of Jonesboro, which was speedily followed by the capture of Atlanta. The Thirty-seventh next took part in the forced marches in pni'suit of Hood; then returnedfto Atlanta and set out for the sea with Sherman. With that energetic leader it marched through Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina, the army scattering before it every rebel force which attempted to obstruct its path. After the collapse of the rebellion, this regiment was ordered to Arkansas, where it remained till the 13th of August, 1865. It was then mustered out, and the men taken back to Cleveland and dis- banded. MEMBERS PROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Edward Siber, enr. as Col. Sept. 18, 1861. Resigned March 33, 1864. Charles Ankele, enr. as Major Aug 3, 1861. Wounded at Princeton, W. Va., May 17, 1862. Resigned June 5, 1868. Juhus C. Schenck, enr. as Asst. Surg. Sept 7, 1861. Promoted to Surg. July 82, 1862. Resigned Nov. 20, 1862. HON-OOMMISSIONBD STAFF. Franz Frey, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. Jan. 26, 1863, and to Non- Com. Staff as Com. Sergt. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with Regt. COMPANY A. Louis Quedonfeld, enr. as Capt. Aug. 3,1861. Killed at Princeton, W. Va., May 17, 1862. George Boehm, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 16, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Co. F. March 31, 1863. Christian Pfahl, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Aug. 15, 1861. Resigned Dec. 27, 1861. Christian Hambrack, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 15, 1861. Promoted to 3nd Lieut. July 11, 1868. Resigned Dee. 20, 1862. Louis Becker, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 2, 1861. Wounded and captured at Princeton, W. Va., May 17, 1862. John Otter, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. March 1,1863. Disch. from Hosp. June 3, 1865. William Rock, enr. as .Sergt. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded and captured at Princeton, W. Va., May 17, 1863. Fred Ambrosius, enr. us Sergt. Sept. 16, 1861. Promoted to 3nd Lieut Co. B, Feb. 8. 1868. Florian Saile, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861 . Mustered out at end of term Sept. 13, 1864. Emil Blau, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded and captured at Pince- ton, W. Va., May, 17, 1863. Jacob A. Kleinschmidt, enr. as Corp. Sept. 6, 1861. Killed at Princeton, W. Va.,May 17, 1862. Carl Eberhard, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded and captured at Princeton, W. Va., May 17, ;863. Nicholas Bellery, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded near Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. George Obooht, enr. as Corp. Aug. 1861. Asa Adamsky, enr. as Musician, Sept. 6, 1861. Frederick Lay, enr. as Musician Aug. 15, 1861. Peter Voelker, enl. Aug. 28, 1861. Joseph Adler, enl. /Vug. 15, 1861. Christian Berger, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Ludwig Bauer, enl. Aug. 28, 1861. Friedrich Dreger, enl. Aug. 28, 1861. Joseph Fruch, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Sept., 12, 1864. John H. Frerichs, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Promoted to 1st Seigt. Sept. 9, 1861, to 8nd Lieut. Co. C, April 1, 1863. Johahn Haiser, enl. Aug. ,15, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. 10,1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Gustav Haupt, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Sept. 12, 1864. Friedrich Baehrhold, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded at Kenesaw Mi., June 27, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. June 31, 1865. Wilhelm Haupt. enl. Sept. 6, 1861. Killed near Kenesaw Mt., June 27, 1864. Adolph Jaeger, enl. Aug. 16, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Jean Pierre Keener, enl, Aug. 15, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Sept. 12. 1864. Magnus Kahl, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Wounded at Mill Creek, N. C, March 21. 1866. Lett in Hosp. at New York. Johann Loeblein, enl. Sept. 4, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Sept. 12, 1864. Franz Marons, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Karl Meyer, enl. Aug. 28, 1861. Mustered out at end of term. Sept, 13, 1864. Johann Pitroff, enl. Aug. 38, 1861. Wounded near Atlanta, 6a., July 22, 1864. Joseph Stoll, enl. Aug. 15, 1^61. Mustered out at end of term. Sept 12^ 1864. John Schaefler, eiil. Aug. 15, 1861. Disch. for disability, Sept. 21, 1863. Leopold Serdinsky, enl. Aug. 16, 1861. Wilhelm Samsbrug, enl. Aug 38, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out Sept. 13, 1864. Bernhard Schieffterling, enl. Aug. 28, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Sept. 2:, 1864. Adam Schmidt, enl. Aug. 24 1861 . Frederick Schneider, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Wounded near Jonesboro, Ga., Aug. 31 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Frederick Ungerer, enl . Aug. 15, 1861 . Henry J. Votteler, enl. Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. 29, 1868. Disch May 18, 1864. Christoph Weber, enl. Aug. 15, 1861. Theodore Wendt, enl. Aug. 30, 1861. Died from wounds rec'd at Kene- saw Mt. July 14, 1864. Daniel Sherry, enl. as Drummer March, 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Paul Hauser, enl. Nov. 6, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Feb. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Carl Knapp, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Adam Leonhardt, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. COMPANY B. Charles Moritz, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. H Sept. 6, 1861. Prom, to Capt. Co. B Feb. 8. 1862. Mustered out Dec. 31, 1864. Fred. Ambrosius, enr. Sergt. Co. A Sept 6,1861. Prom, to 3d Lieut. Co. B Feb. 8, 1868. Resigned July 11, 1863. George Kraus, enl. Aug. 36, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Sept. 13, 1864. COMPANY O. John H. Freriche, enl. Aug. 15, 1861, Co. A. Prom, to 3d Lieut. Co. April 1, 1862, and to 1st Lieut Co. E Oct. 8, 1862. COMPANY D. Philip Branat, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. John Goetz, enl. Sept. 6, 1661. Bernhard Muehlemann, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Wendolin Nickenhauer, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Charles Renold, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Friederiok H. Rehwinkel, enr. as Capt. Sept. 8, 1861. Resigned Oct. 10, 1862. Adblph C. Kessinger, enr. as 1st Lieut Sept. 3, 1861. Promoted to Capt. April 19, 1863. Resigned Dec. 20, 1862. Paul Wittrich, enr. as 3d Lieut. Sept. 3, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co F Feb. 28, 1862, and to Capt. Co. E Oct. 8, 1863. Killed at Ken- esaw Mt. July 28, 1864. John H. Freriche, enr. Co. A Aug. 15. Trausf. to Co. E as 1st Lieut. Oct. 8, 1863, to Co. I Jan. 1. 1863. Julius Scheldt, enr. 1st Sergt. Sept. SO, 1861. Prom, to 3d Lieut. Co. E April 19, 1868. Resigned Nov. 29, 1863. FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 105 COMPANY T. Anton Vallendar, enr. as Capt. Aug. 1 , 1861. Resigned March 81, 1862. Enr. as Capt. Co. H, lasth Reg. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 25, 1865. George Boehm, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. A, Aug. 15, 1861. Prom, to Capt. Co. F, March 31, 1862, Mustered out Jan. 4, 1865. Anton Peterson, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 22, 1861. Resigned Feb. 6, 1862. Herman Burlthardt, enr. as Corp. Sept. 20, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. i, 1864, and to 1st Lieut. Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered outwith Reg. Paul Wittrich, enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. E, Sept. 2, 1861. Prom. 1st Lieut. Co. F, Feb. 28, 1862. Transf. to Co. E, Oct. 8, 1862. Anton Stoppel, enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. H, Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted 1st Lieut. Co. F, May 28, 1862, Resigned Oct. 19, 1862. Louis E. Lambert, enr, as Corp, Sept. 25, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Co. D; to 2nd Lieut. Co. F, June 22, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Co. G, April 29, 1864; to Adjt. July 25, 1864. Albert Bauer, enl . Sept. 23,1861. Talienprisoner near Atlanta, Ga,, July 22, 1864. John Bergsiclcer, enl. Sept 19, 1661. Killed at Vicksburg, Miss., May 19, 186-3. Jacob Dorr, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Died July 2, 1863, from wounds received in action near Vicksburg May 22, 1863 . Charles Fehlber, enl . Sept . 30, 1861 . Taken prisoner July 22, 1864 . Ex- changed Nov., 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Frederick Gampellar, enl. Sept, 15, 1861, Disch. for disability Jan . 19, 1863. David Granger, enl. Sept. 24. 1861. Died May 19, 1862 from wounds re- ceived at Princeton, W. Va., May 17. Christian Greb, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg, Miss., May 22, 186-3. Anthony Junker, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. for disability Sept. 30, 1884. William Lohr, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1864, and to 1st Sergt, May 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry Rothman, enl. Sept. 13, 1861. Disch, tor disability Sept, 13, 1862. John Simon, enl . Sept. 26, 1861 . Died May 25, 1862, from wounds received at Princeton, W. Va,, May 17. John Schmidt, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. Wounded at Princeton, W. Va., May 17, 1862. Taken prisoner near Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Anton Vanholz, enl. Sept. 28, 1861 . Disch . for disability Jan. 24, 1863. Adam Wicker, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Taken prisoner near Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Died at Lawton, Ga. Jacob Zipp, enl. Sept. 16, 1861. Disch, for disability Jan. 24, 1865. Philip Zipp, enl. Sept. 29, 1861. Disch. for disabihty Jan, 18, 1863. George Ganson, enr, as Musician, April 11, 1864. Taken prisoner near Atlanta, Ga., July 22, 1864. Exchanged Nov. — , 1864. Constantine Armbruster, enl. March 28, 1864. Wounded near Dallas, Ga., June 1, 1864. Disch. for disability June 22, 1865. Gustav Lambert, enl. March 31, 1864. Detailed for special duty in the Eng. Dep. March 14, 1865. Mustered out July 29, 1865. COMPANY G. Louis B. Lambert, transf. to Co. G, April 29, 1864, to Adj. July 24, 1861, to C ipt. Co. G, Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out with Reg. Aug, 7, 1865. August .Miltman, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Dec. 12, 1863. COMPANY H. Charles Messner, enr, as Capt. Aug. 26, 1861. Resigned Nov. 16, 1862. Charles Moritz, enr. aslstLieut. Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Co. B, Feb. 8, 1862. Anton Stoppel, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Sept. 6, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut.. Co. F, May 28, 1862. Julius Scheldt, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 30, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Co. E, April 19, 1862. Jacob Spickert, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 12, 1831. Disch. Jan. 14, 1863. Jtohn I. Hoffman, enr. as Corp. Oct. 16, 1861, Mustered out with the Reg. Aug. 7, 1865. John Dittman, enl . Sept. 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. John Christian, enl. Sept . 16, 1861. Disch. for disability April 10, 1863. Henry Detgen, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 14, 1863. August Eckert, enl. Sept. 25, 1861 . Disch. for disabihty Oct. 7, 1862. Adam Flury, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Franz Frey. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) PhiUp Heck, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Killed at Walnut Hills, Miss., May 19, 1863 August Heidter, enl. Sept. 24, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg. John Held, enl. Sept. 28, 1861. Disch. for disability July 18, 1862. Joseph Kaestle, enl . Sept . 8, 1861 , Disch . for disability July 21, 1861 . Christian Kanel, enl. Sept. 28, 1861. Disch. for disabUlty Jan. 13, 1863. WilBam Knecht, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 27, 1864. Theobald Laubscher, enl. Sept. 23, 1861. Discharged at end of term Sept. 30, 1864. John Lieber, enl. Sept, 24 1861. Disch. for disability Feb. 26, 1868. . Paul Lehrman, enl. Sept. 16, 1861 . Disch. for disability July 26, 1862. Philip Meyer, enl. Sept. 7, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 12, 1863. Conrad Oswald, enlisted Oct. 8, 1861. Killed at Walnut Hills, Miss., May 22, 1863. 14 John Schultz, enl. Oct. 16, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg. Charles Schlee, enl. Sept. 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg, Gustav Schulienj enl, Sept. 18, 1861. Promoted to Corp. July 25, 1862. Discharged April 5, 1865. Matthias Sohwertle, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 13, 1864. Henry Schelke, enl . Sept. 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg . John Schelke, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg, Edward Seller, enl. Sept . 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg . George Spickert, enl. Sept. 12,1861. Wounded and captured May 1, 1862. Was released and discharged for disability Dec. 22, 1862. Philip Spies, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded May 22,1863, Disch, for disability caused by wound Deo. 18, 1863 . Ernst Tegto, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan 14, 1863. Friederich Zitzelmann, enl . Oct. 2, 1851. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. John Melcher, enl . March 26, 1864 . Detached for service at Camp Chase Feb. 23,1865. Henry Stegkamper, enl. March 26, 1864. Wounded at Kenesaw Mt., Ga., June 27, 1864. Left sick in Hosp. at Troy, N. Y., April 30, 1865. Basil Schwantz, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. John Fasnacht, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 14 1868. Joseph Maryne, enl. Sept. 24, 1861. Wounded and captured May 17, 1863. Released and disch. for disability Jan. 12, 1863. John Spohn, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disablity Oct. 9, 1862. John Rother, enr. as Corp. Sept. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Andreas Kolaetzkowski, enl. Sept. 9, 1861. Disch. Jan. 13, 1863. COMPANY I. John H. Freriche, enr. Aug. 15, 1861, Co. A. Transf. to Co. I as 1st Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863, Resigned Sept. 24, 1864. Justus Becker, enl. Sept, 23, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept 1,1863. George Henkel, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Aug. 7, 1865. George Scheelhas, enl. Sept. 26, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 12, 1862. COMPANY K. George Eichhom, enl. Nov. 7, 1861. Disch. at end of term Jan. 26, 1865. Alois Lieb, enl. Nov. 7, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg. Miss., May 19, 1868. George Schneeberger, enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Aug. 7, 1865, CHAPTER XXI. FOKTY-FIBST INFANTRY. Its Origin-The Cuyahoga Delegation— Service in Kentucky--Pittsburg Landing— An Accident-A Rebel Charge and Repulse-Through Mid- dle Tennessee to Kentucky -Back in Tennessee- Stone River— Await- ing an Attack— "Fire"— A Desperate Conilict— The Next Day— Through the River under Fire— Silencing a Battery— Battle of Chicka- mauga— The Opening Fire— Bayonet Charges— Changing Front- Desperate Fighting with Rifles— Surrounded and Driven Back— The Last Volley— Battle of Orchard Knob— A Splendid Dash— Mission Ridge— Miles of Soldiers— Pushing up the Heights— A Squad captures a Battery— Seizing other Artillery-'-Old Pap Thomas "—The Loss of the Forty-flrst— Off to Knoxville— Large Re-enlistment— Furlough- Battle of Pickett's Mills— An Attack and a Defeat— Pine Top Mountain —Frequent Conflicts— After Hood— Battle of Franklin— Battle of Nash- ville— A Lively Charge— Capture of Four Guns— Service in Texas- Mustered out. When the battle of Bull Run disclosed the strength and vigor of the rebellion, several prominent citizens of Cleveland set about raising a new regiment, in ad- dition to the already large number of men which Ohio had placed in the field. It was named the Forty-first Ohio Infantry, and Captain William B. Hazen, of the Eio-hth United States Infantry, was appointed its coloneh There were, during the war, three hundred and ninety-six men from Cuyahoga county in its ranks. Every company contained some of that num- ber. Companies E, F and D had respectively ninety- three, ninety and eighty-four members from this county, while the other companies were represented by various numbers, from thirty-four in K, down to eight in H. 106 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. The regiment was formed at Cleveland during the autumn of 1861. In November it moved to Camp Dennison, and thence, in the following month, to Camp Wickliffe, sixty miles from Louisville, Ken- tucky, where it remained through the winter. Here Colonel Hazen was placed in command of a brigade, consisting of the Forty-first Ohio, the Forty-sixth and Forty-seventh Indiana aod the Sixth Kentucky. On the first of February, the brigade went down the Ohio and up the Cumberland to Nashville, and thence, on the 17th of March, with the bands all playing "St. Patrick's Day," it set out with Buell's army for Pitts- burg Landing. At six o'clock in the afternoon of the sixth of April, it reached a point on the Tennessee river, opposite the landing, whence the thunder of battle rolled in terrific volume over the water and far away among the hills. Having been ferried over the stream in a little steamer, the brigade proceeded up the bank among a host of stragglers, so numerous that the men were obliged to make their way through them in sin- gle file, all apparently eager to excuse their own re- treat by, exaggerating the strength of the enemy. "You'll catch it on the hill," said one; "I am the only man left of my company," declared another; " This little squad is all there are alive of our regi- ment/' said two or three more with united voices. Amid these discouraging greetings the Forty-first pressed on, and at nine o'clock took up the position assigned it, where it lay all night in a driving rain. The next day the brigade was held in reserve until a late hour (our informant, Capt. McMahan, thinks it was about two o'clock), when it was ordered into an advanced position, and directed to hold it. The artillery was playing freely, and while the men were waiting, and as Colonel Hazen was sitting on his horse close beside them, a spent six-pound cannon ball rolled up one of the hind legs of the horse of the colonel's bugler, and went six feet in air over the head of the latter. The man of music naturally dodged T?ery suddenly to avoid the returning projectile, and a shout of laughter went up from the men at the oddity of the whole proceeding. Their merriment, however was soon stopped by the advance of the i-ebels, who came on at full speed, yelling, "Bull Run!" "Bull Run!" The Union- ists received them with a murderous volley, and General Nelson or Colonel Hazen ordered a charge. The men dashed forward through the ojDen woodland, firing as they went, and soon gave the rebels a taste of Bull Run reversed. The brigade drove the rebels back beyond their fortifications and captured their guns. Being, however, then far beyond its support, it was in turn obliged to retire to its former line, where it re-formed and held the position. It was during this retreat that Colonel Hazen was separated from the brigade, a fact whicli has been made an excuse for malicious attacks against him, resulting in the late court-martial of General Stanley, and in the pending civil action against him, brought by General Hazen. Captain ilcMahon, the officer before referred to, declares that Colonel (now General) Hazen accompanied his brigade in the charge with great gallantry, and the separation was so brief as to have escaped the notice of the men. The fighting during the charge was of the most desperate kind, one hundred and forty-one out of four hundred and fifty men in the regiment hav- ing been killed or wounded in half an hour, while three officers and three soldiers who successively car- ried the colors were disabled in the same time. After taking part in the siege of Corinth, Hazen's brigade marched to central Tennessee, and thence proceeded under Buell, almost side by side with Bragg's rebel army, to Louisville. At Perryville it was not heavily engaged, but was in the advance in the pursuit of the enemy after that battle. At Pitt- man's Cross Roads General Hazen pushed forward the Forty-first through darkness blacker than Egypt until nine o'clock at night, driving the rebels from their supper, which was very speedily dispatched by the Unionists, as they had not eaten anything since early in the morning. After dri ving the enemy as far as Wild Cat mountain, Crittenden's Corps, of which the Forty-first formed a part, returned to Nashville. On the 39 th of Novem- ber Col. Hazen was aj^pointed a brigadier general of volunteers, and Lt. Col. Wiley succeeded him in the colonelcy. In December, 1863, Gen. Rosecrans, who had succeeded to the command of the army, prepared to advance against Bragg, and on the 29th of that month the corps marched to within two miles of Murfreesboro. Some maneuvers took place on the 30th, and at one o'clock in the morning of the 31st the Forty-first Ohio was stationed in an open field a short distance from the enemy. Before daylight Gen. Rosecrans' order was i-ead to them, declaring that the nation and the world had its eyes upon them, and adjuring them to use every effort to win the day. At this time " Cowan's House," four hundred yards in front of them, was all on fire; and as the resonant voice of the adjutant repeated the order, while the distant flames threw occasional flickerings on the grim faces of the soldiers, they grasped their rifles with the stern look of men determined to win or die, and awaited the order to advance. At daylight it came, and, preceded by a strong skirmish line, the brigade moved rapidly forward, the Forty-first Ohio and Sixth Kentucky in the first line, and the Ninth In- diana and One Hundred and Tenth Illinois in the second one. On reaching the line of the burning house heavy firing was heard at the front and rear, indicating that the enemy was outflanking them. Col. Wiley gave the command, "Change half front to the rear on tenth company," and it was executed amid the fast- dropping bullets as coolly as if on parade. The enemy advanced in two columns. His infantry was supported by artillery, but the latter was soon rendered useless FORTY-FIEST INPANTEY. ]07 by Cottrell's battery, which killed all the horses of the rebel battery and blew up the caissons. Gen. Hazen and Col. Wiley sat on their horses directly in rear of the colors of the Forty-first. As the enemy approached, Col. W. inquired: "Shall I fire on them?" "Not yet," replied the general. When the first rebel line reached the burning house, General Hazen said: " Now, Colonel, give them a volley." The colonel's voice rang out clear and calm : "Attention, battalion! Ready! Aim! Fire!" The crash of four hundred rifles responded to the last word, when the whole rebel line fell to the ground "as if they had been shot." The greater part of them, however, soon sprang up and opened a rapid deadly fire. The Forty-first responded with equal zeal, and continiied the conflict until they had fired away all of the eighty rounds of ammunition with which they were provided. Gen. Hazen then ordered the regiment to the rear to cool and clean the guns, bringing up the One Hundred and Tenth Illinois to take its place. Scarcely had the Forty-first been supplied with ammunition and got ready for action again, when it was announced that the rebels were drivmg every- thing on the right and the regiment was sent to stop them. Lying on the ground the men began firing at the enemy two hundred yards distant, when a line of Union artillery behind them began to fire over their heads at the same mark. Burning wads and grains of powder fell thick among them. This was too much of a good thing, and Ool. Wiley prevailed on the artillery to cease firing until the Forty-first could be stationed in rear of the guns. This position was firmly held in spite of the most furious attacks by the Confederates. Later in the day the Forty- first was ordered to the left to guard a ford by Gen. Eosecrans in person, where it suffered severely from the rebel batteries. The next day, New Year's, 1863, the Forty-first was held in reserve during the greater part of the day. A hundred pieces of artillery were massed by Gen. Eosecrans, and when the rebels came in front of the line they were mowed down by hundreds by blasts of grape, canister and shrapnel. Mean- while, however, they were driving back Van Cleve's division on the left. Gen. Hazen came up to this regiment at a gallop a little after four o'clock and or- dered the men to double quick after him. On reacli- ing Stone river, they found the rest of the brigade, all trying to get across the stream first. The general formed his four regiments in line, pushed forward at a double quick, and easily easily drove back the foe. One battery kept up its fire, when Gen. Hazen ad- vanced with the Forty-first alone to within three hundred yards, and delivered a well aimed volley. It was so destructive that the battery immediately re- tired from its position. Night soon after came on, and the next day Gen. Bragg and his army retired in hot haste from the scene of their defeat. During the battle the regiment had a hundred and twelve officers and men killed and wounded out of four hun- dred and twelve with which it went into the fight. From the 10th of January to the 34th of June, 1863, the regiment was encamped most of the time at Eeadyville, twelve miles from Murfreesboro', though making occasional excursions against the enemy. At the last mentioned date it removed from Eeadyville, and on the 15th of August advanced with the army toward Chattanooga. After taking part in the labori- ous marches incident to the movement, the Forty- first found itself on the night of the 18th of Septem- ber on the bank of Chickamauga creek, near Gordon's Mills. Lt. McMahan was in command of the picket of the Forty-first, and late in the morning of the 19th he was ordered to form his picket as skirmishers and move forward. He did so and was followed by the regiment; the rest of the brigade being aligned on either side of the Forty-fli-st. About 11 o'clock the skirmishers came out into an open field, at the farther edge of which was a line of rebels who opened fire on them. The lieutenant ordered his men to double quick across the field, but when about half way across heard the stentorian voice of Col. Wiley thunder "Halt!" Looking around he saw the regiment at the edge of the field with their rifles at an aim. "Lie down!" shouted the lieutenant, and the men were glad enough to obey, when a volley of bullets swept over them into the ranks of the foe. The skirmishers were obliged to make their way back to the lines on their hands and knees. The regiment held this position until near four o'clock in the after- noon, firing all its ammunition. Twice the rebels charged it with the bayonet; both times the gal- lant Forty-first met them with a counter charge and both times the assailants broke and fled within thirty feet of the Union bayonets. At the time last mentioned the regiment was re- lieved and marched to a piece of timber, where it was supplied with ammunition. The men were as hungry for it as so many wolves. They filled not only their cartridge boxes, but all their pockets and the waists of their blouses above the belts; every man providing himself with at least one hundred rounds. Scarcely had they done so when heavy firing was heard on the right, and the Forty-first was ordered thither on the double quick by General Hazen, to support General Van Oleve. The man were placed on the right of the second line and when the first gave way were vigorously assailed by a heavy force of the enemy. They delivered a rapid succession of well-aimed volleys, while General Hazen handled a battery in person, and thus their front was kept clear. Ere long, however, the rebels made their way around the unprotected right flank of the Forty-first, and soon the gallant regiment was almost surrounded by the foe. The bullets came on every side, and for the only time in their military 108 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. experience the men of the Forty-first ran at the top of their speed to escape from the enemy. They were not, however, entirely broken up; they loaded as they ran, and on reaching a convenient hill a stand was made, and by the help of artillery the rebel advance was checked. The men worked hard a large part of the night, rolling Tip logs to form a barricade. At nine o'clock, the morning of the 20th, the rebels charged them, but their log defense was found impregnable, and the assailants were repulsed with great loss. Other at- tempts of the same kind were made during the day, but always with the sanie result, and late in the afternoon Hazen's brigade still held its position. But its ammunition was nearly all expended, its com- rades of the center and left had all been driven back, and it was separated by an interval of a mile, swarming with rebel sharpshooters, from the right under General Thomas, which still held its ground. General Hazen led his brigade safely across the dangerous gap, and formed it on the left of Thomas' line. When the rebels made their last assault Hazen's regiments, one after the other, deliv- ered their withering volleys, aiding in the complete repulse of the enemy, which enabled the veterans of Thomas to retire from the position they had so des- perately defended. After dark the remnant of the army retreated a short distance, and the next night retired to Chattanooga. Of all who took part in this disastrous conflict, none did better and many did worse than Hazen's brigade and the Forty-first Ohio Infantry. On the arrival of General Grant the army was re- organized, and the Forty-first became part of a brig- ade, still commanded by General Hazen, consisting besides itself of the First and Ninety-third Ohio, the Fifth Kentucky and the Sixth Indiana, being as- signed to the Fourth Corps, under General Granger. When Grant was ready to begin operations, the deli- cate and hazardous task of leading the advance was as- signed to Hazen's brigade. Long before light on the morning of the 27th of October, the brigade em- barked on pontoons at Chattanooga, and glided silent- ly down the river. Unseen and unheard the men passed beneath the enemy's pickets stationed far above them on the river bluffs,and, though discovered at the moment of landing, succeeded in gaining a foothold on the shore, and establishing themselves on hights from which they could not be driven. They remained in this vicinity nearly a month, while the final preparations were made for a grand advance. On the 23d of November the brigade moved forward on a reconnoisance. On a small ridge known as Orchard Knob, between Chattanooga and Mission Ridge it was received with a heavy fire, and perceived a line of intrenchments on the top of the hill. The Forty-first dashed forward in the ad- vance, and gained the top of the hill. About fifty paces in front of the enemy's works, the fight was fierce beyond description. More than half the men were killed and wounded. The horses of Colonel Wiley and Lieut. Col. Kimberly were killed under them, but those gallant officers dashed forward on foot, and the little battalion charged into the rebel works, and took them at the point of the bayonet, capturing the colors of the Twenty-eighth Alabama Infantry and more men than the Forty-first had at the end of the conflict. Owing to the small number engaged this battle makes little show in history, yet it is remembered by the survivors of the Forty-first as the hardest fight in which they were engaged throughout their long and arduous service. Soon after it was over. General Thomas, passing that way and viewing the ground, expressed his thanks to the regiment through Colonel Wiley, in the warmest manner. "It was a gallant thing, Colonel, a very gallant thing," said the veteran, known to be as chary of his praise as any chieftan that ever bore command. On the 24th of November the Forty-first, from its hardly-earned position watched the "Battle above the Clouds," on Lookout Mountain. On the 25th came the great- bat tie of Mission Ridge, probably, con- sidering the strength of the enemy's position, the numbers engaged and the completeness of the Union victory, the most remarkable ever fought in America, and one of the most remarkable to be found in the annals of war, in either ancient or modern times. At four o'clock the expectant army heard the con- certed signal, six shots fired in rapid succession from a battery of twelve-pound Parrots guns. "Forward! " shouted Hazen; "forward!" repeated the field and line officers; and forward went the men, few in numbers, but stronger in warlike enthusiasm with each succeeding battle. As they reached the farther crest of Orchard Knob they saw the valley between that and Mission Ridge, from a half to three-quarters of a mile wide-spread out before them, while beyond frowned the Gibraltar-like hights they were ordered to capture. Extending for miles on either side were to be seen the lines of blue-coated soldiers, all press- ing forward in the same direction. Descending into the valley they came under the rebel artillery fire, many of the men falling at every step, but still the line swept forward, urged on by the officers, and at the foot of the ridge they captured the first line of the enemy's works with scarcely an effort. They could not remain there long, however, under the murderous fire to which they were subjected. Here Col. Wiley received a wound which I'esulted in the loss of his leg, and Lt. Col. Kimberly took com- mand of the regiment. Then came the tug of war. Hazen ordered his brigade up the mountain; and on either side brigades, divisions and corps pressed for- ward up the same rugged pathway to glory or the grave. The Forty-first, as ever, was well to the front in this herculean task. Col. Kimberly gallantly led on his men. Lts. James McMahan and George C. Dodge, Jr., both of Cleveland, were together as the regiment FOETY-FIEST INFANTEY. ]09 started up the hill. On went the broken but invinci- ble line up the rocky steep, through an awful storm of grape, canister and musketry the men climbing and shooting as best they could. In twenty minutes they gained the top of the ridge, when their fire was prin- cipally directed against the batteries of the enemy, which were soon compelled to retire before the deadly flre of the northern riflemen. Lt. McMahan came out nearly in front of a rebel battery, which was pour- ing death into the ranks of the Unionists. The men were of course much broken by the rugged steeps over which they had passed. Seeing a long log, how- ever, lying near the stump from which it had been cut, and which he thought might serve as a rallying point, he gathered the men as fast as they came up, and made them lie down behind the log until he had twelve or fifteen packed as close as they could lie conveniently, while he himself took post behind the stump. Then he ordered them to load and fire as fast as possible at the a)-tillerists of the battery before mentioned. In a sliort time nearly all of them were killed or wounded. Then the lieutenant rushed out with his squad captured the battery and turned its fire on the enemy. Other batteries were seized at various points along the line and used in the same manner. Mr. Pratt, now of the Eighteenth ward of Cleveland, was one of those engaged in this novel logging-bee, and corroborates the statement above made. It was this or a very similar exploit which was thus described in Eeid's History of "Ohio in the War:" "A squad of the Forty-first seized a battery, almost before the rebels were away from it, turned it to the right and discharged it directly along the summit of the ridge, where the enemy in front of Newton's division still stubbornly held out; and, as the shells went skimming along in front of and among them, the rebels turned and fled." Yet not without many a desperate effort to recover the ground. About a hundred of them suddenly came charging upon the right of the Forty-first. The men were much scattered, but Major Williston got together about a hundred and drove the assail- ants down the hill, where they were soon "gobbled up" by the swarming Unionists. The soldiers, having now got complete possession of the rebel works, began shooting the artillery teams as the unlucky Confederates endeavored to remove their cannon to the rear. The horses dropped rapidly and the artillerists took to their heels, leaving the guns as a prize to the victors. The men of Hazen's brigade captured no less than twenty-seven guns and dragged them to the general's headquarters, though that officer good-naturedly allowed nine of them to be claimed and taken away by other commands. G-en. Wood, the division commander, was highly elated, and came riding among the men, saying: "Boys, you shall have an extra cracker apiece for this;" an extra cracker, in those days of short rations, being no unworthy emblem of gratitude. Then came Thomas, "Old Pap Thomas," as the men afEection- 14 a ately called him, and they gathered in delighted crowds to cheer their favorite commander. The vic- tory was won at a loss to the Forty-first of a hundred and fifteen men killed and wounded. This was a very heavy loss in the already depleted condition of the regiment, and there were but few of the men who remained entirely unhurt after the two battles of the 23d and 25Lh of November, 1863. Scarcely was the great victory of Mission Eidge gained than the Forty-first, with the rest of the Fourth corps, was ordered to Knoxville. Communi- cations had been much interrupted, and the command suffered especially for lack of shoes. Long before reaching Knoxville half of the men of the Forty- first would have been barefooted, had it not been for the improvised coverings of cowskin and sheepskin in which they wrapped their feet, and in which they strove bravely on over the frozen ground to Clinch mountain, twenty miles northeast of Knoxville, which they reached in the latter part of December. Here the proposition reached them from Washing- ton to re-enlist as veterans, and never was the extra- ordinary heroism, fortitude and patriotism of the American volunteer more proudly shown than on this occasion. Out of more than a thousand gallant men who had gone forth from pleasant homes to battle for their county, disease and the bullet had spared but a hundred and eighty-eight, and even of these probably a majority had been wounded one or more times. Their suSerings on the march to Clinch mountain have just been mentioned, yet when, amid the cold and rain and sleet of a Tennessee winter, they were asked to re-enlist, a hundred and eighty out of a hundred and eighty-eight bound themselves to three years more of service — and such service — in their country's cause. The regiment reaehed Cleveland on veteran furlough on the 2d of February, 1864, obtained about a hun- dred recruits, and in the latter part of March returned to East Tennessee. The two hundred and eighty men of which the regiment was composed were now united with the few remaining men of the First Ohio, and consolidated into a battalion, commanded by Lieut. Col. Kimberly. In April the Forty-first entered on Sherman's great Atlanta campaign; being warmly engaged at Eocky Face Eidge and at Eesaca. On the 27th of May the battalion was hotly en- gaged in the conflict called variously the battle of Pickett's Mill, the battle of Pumpkin Vine Creek, and the battle near Dallas. At 9 a.m., the command was halted, and three companies, commanded respec- tively by Lieutenants Dodge, McMahan and Cobb, moved forward as skirmishers under charge of Major Williston. They had gone scarcely a hundred yards into the woods when one of the men was killed. As Lieut. McMahan, standing on a small limb, was feel- ing his pulse to see if he was really dead, a bullet broke the limb between the officer's feet. Immedi- ately afterwards the skirmishers were ordered to move 110 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. by the right flank at a double quick, but after a brief excursion in the vicinity of the rebel works, they were ordered back to the brigade. About four o'clock p.m., the Forty-first, the Ninety-third and the One Hundred and Twenty- fourth Ohio moved forward to attack the enemy's right; the Forty-first in the center. After receiving a murderous volley from the intrenched foe, they charged through a ravine, and endeavored to capture the works on the opposite side. They were only able to get within about twenty yards of the foe, where they halted, obtained such cover as they could and kept up a hot fire on the enemy. Six or eight lines came to their relief, but only two got as far forward as the men of the Forty-first, and none could go any farther. Lieut. McMahau with two companies, Lieut. Dodge with one company, and Oapt. Hazard with two companies, remained there until half past eight when the battalion was withdrawn. In this affair the Forty-first had a hundred and eight men killed and wounded out of two hundred and sixty. At Pine Top mountain, near Kenesaw, the bat- talion was ordered to dislodge a detachment of the enemy, strongly fortified in a log farm-house and out- buildings. With that vim which no losses could ever subdue, the Forty-first went forward on the double- quick and drove out the rebels at the point of the bayonet. About this time the Forty-first ceased to be what it had so long been, a part of " Hazen's brigade;" that general being made the commander of a division. The new brigade commander was Colonel 0. H. Payne, of Cleveland, colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry. It would be impracticable to relate all the conflicts in which the battalion was engaged in this remarka- ble campaign, for the ground was contested inch by inch, and the whole route from Chattanooga to At- lanta was scarcely less than one long battle-field. On the 28th of July the battalion, being deployed as skirmishers in front of the rebel lines at Atlanta, and seeing what they thought a good chance, made a dash through a ravine, across an open field and into the rebel breastworks, where they captured a number of prisoners and drove out the rest in a perfect rout. A day or two later the brigade was sent around to the east of Atlanta at night. The next morning it tore up some ten miles of the Montgomery railroad, and then proceeded to the southern road, about fif- teen or twenty miles from Atlanta. At midnight a tremendous noise was heard, and the whole command sprang to arms, thinking that General Hood or an earthquake was upon them. After waiting a consider- able time and finding that nothing farther happened, the men at length somewhat doubtingly returned to their beds, or rather to their blankets, for these were generally the soldier's only couch. It was soon learned that the sound came fi'om the explosion of some eighty car loads of ammunition, blown up by Hood when he evacuated Atlanta, to keep it from fall- ing into the hands of the " Yankees." As Hood moved north, a heavy force, of which the Fourth corps formed a part, followed fast in his rear. Far across an intervening valley the men watched the desperate fight of Corse at Allatoona, when with his little force he obeyed the signal " Hold the fort," and repulsed the legions of Hood. Then they pro- ceeded to Galesville, whence a portion of the pursuing force returned to take part in the "March to the Sea," while the Fourth corps continued its north- ward course. It proceeded by way of Chattanooga to Athens, Alabama, where a hundred and sixty-four conscripts and substitutes Joined the battalion. The command went on to Pulaski, and thence to Colum- bia. Near here Hood's army approached so near that the Fourth and Twenty-third corps were obliged to go into line of battle. They went on at night to Spring Hill; the Forty-first marching past a long line of camp fires, a few hundred yards distant, which were supposed to belong to the Unionists but which in reality were those of a rebel corps. Some of the men, approaching these fires too closely, were captured by the Confederates bivouacked around them. From Spring Hill to Franklin the Forty-first was the train- guard of the army. It skirmished with the enemy nearly all the way, and being very much exhausted was not required to take part in the battle of Franklin. Then they went to Nashville, and after two weeks spent in building fortifications 'and making prepara- tions, Gen. Thomas took the offensive against Hood. At daylight on the 15th of December, 1864, the Forty-first was deployed as a double line of skir- mishers and placed behind a stone wall in front of the enemy's rifle pits, on the "Granny White" turn- pike. Skirmish firing was kept up till about eight o'clock, when the fiery valor of the Forty-first could no longer be restrained. The men jumped over the wall, dashed across an open field three hundred yards wide under a heavy fire of musketry, captured the rifie pits of the enemy, pushed on over a knoll and drove the rebels from their breastworks at the point of the bayonet, capturing two pieces of ar- tillery. The battalion fortified its position and remained until four o'clock in the afternoon, when it was relieved; the main line moving forward and the rebels retreating. The next day the Forty-first was again sent forward as skirmishers, to cover the advance of the right of the troops. Coming to a large rebel fortification, covered in front by an abatis, they endeavored as usual to capture it, but were checked by a murder- ous fire from a large rebel force. Some of the skirmishers penetrated the abatis, and Private Klein- haus leaped alone into the rebel breastworks. The information we have received from Captain McMahan ceases at this point, for, while he was endeavoring to lead forward a detachment of colored troops whom FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY. Ill he found without a commander, the good fortune which had attended him through a score of battles deserted him, and he was twice severely wounded. Colonel Kimberly, who commanded the battalion, finding that the line of battle could not be advanced, ordered his skirmishers to withdraw. Several of them, however, being inside of the abatis, covered themselves as well as they could and waited till the enemy was broken on the right, when he withdrew from the works in front. They then sprang forward, capturing a few prisoners, two battle-flags, and no less than four pieces of artillery. The captured can- non were marked with the name of the Forty-first Ohio by order of the chief of artillery, and the men who took the flags. Sergeant Garnett, of Company G, and Private Holcomb, of Company A, were sent with them to Washington by General Thomas. After the victory of Nashville the battalion partici- pated in the pursuit of Hood, but was not called on to do any more hard fighting. In June, 1865, it started from Nashville for Texas by steamer. Near Cairo the vessel was accidentally sunk by a gunboat, with nearly all the personal property of oflacers and men, but without loss of life. After a few months service near San Antonio, the battalion returned to Columbus, Ohio, where it was discharged on the 26th of November, 1865, after a service of over four years, unsurpassed in hardships, in dangers and in triumphs by that of any other organization in the United States army. MEMBERS FKOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. John J. Wiseman, enr. as Lieut. Col. Aug. 7, 1861. Resigned March 1, 1862. George S. Mygatt, enr. as Major Aug. 7, 1861. Promoted to Lieut. Col. March 1, 1862. Resigned Nov. 20, 1862. Robert L. Kimberly, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Sept. 27, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Jan. 21, 1862, to Capt. March 17, 1862, to Major Nov. 20, 1862, to Lieut. Col. Jan. 1, 1863, to Col. 191 Inf. and Brig. Gen. by brevet, Ephraim S. HoUoway, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co.F.Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Sept. 8, 1862, to Major Dec. 6, 1864, to Lieut. Col. March 18, 1865, and to Col. May 31, 1865. Mustered out with Reg. Junius R. Sanford, enr. as Adj't. Aug. 23, 1861. Made 1st Lieut. Aug. 25 1861. Resigned Jan. 13, 1862. Afterwards in 128th Reg. George J. A. Thompson, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 8, 1862, to Sergt. Jan. 12, 1863, to 1st Lieut. Dec. 6, 1864, and to Adj't. May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Wilham S. Chamberlain, enr. as Q. M. Aug. 34, 1861. Made 1st Lieut. Aug. 25, 1861 . Resigned Dec. 10, 1861 . Thomas G. Cleveland, enl. as Surg. Aug. 29, 1861. Resigned May 17, 1862. Albert G. Hart, enr. as Asst. Surg. Sept. 5, 1861, Promoted to Surg, Aug. 30, 1862. Resigned Nov. 5, 1864. Osman A. Lyman, enr. as Chaplain Dec. 16, 1861. Resigned May 17, 1862. NON-OOMMISaiONED STAFF. Charles Colvin, enr. as Hosp. Steward, Sept. 23, 1861. Disch. at end of term. Sept. 2-3, 1864. COMMISSIOSED OFFIOEBS— COMPANY UNKNOWN. Edwin B. Atwood, enr. Sergt, Maj. Sept, 19, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Jan. 21, 1862, to 1st Lieut. Sept. 8, 1863, to Capt. April 13, 1864. ■ Mustered out with the Reg. Walter Blythe, enr. as Q. M, Sergt, Aug. 25, 1861, Promoted to 2nd Lieut, April 13, 1862, to 1st Lieut, Oct, 1, 1862, Mustered out July 9, 1865. William E. Booth, enr. as Com. Sergt, Sept, 21, 1861, Promoted to 2nd Lieut, Sept, 9, 1862 and to 1st Lieut, May 29, 1863. Resigned Sept, 22, 1864, . COMPANY A , Charles W. Hills, enr, as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861, Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Jan, 1863, to 1st Lieut, April 13, 1864, Resigned Oct, 28, 1864. Franlc McDonald, enl, Oct, 1, 186;3. Disch. May 16. 1865. Archibald Slcinner, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch. May 19, 1865. Daniel Bennett, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Disch. for disability July 1, 1862. Joseph M. Bennett, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability May 15, 1862 Morgan Hale, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 15, 1862. Augustus F. Hills, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability May 11, 1863. Hiram Keesler, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability, 1863. Richard Worts, Jr,, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 29, 1865. Julius A. Cutler, enr. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability, 1864. W. J. Richmond, enl. Aug. 24, 1S61. Died at Mouud City April 13, 1862 frcm wounds received at Shiloh. Christopher W. Gee, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 15, 1865. COMPANY B. Luther Ballart, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Died Nov. 30, 1863, Lyman Harrington, enl, Aug. 16, 1862. Died Nov, 22, 1862, Louis R, Bartlett, enl, Aug. 16, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. Charles W. Blakeslee, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch, for disability June 1, 1865. Lewis A. Chamberlain, enl, Aug, 16, 1863. Disch. for disability May 18, 1865, Henry Devoioe, enl. Sept. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability March 22, 1863. John Goole, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability Feb. 8, 1865. Leonard P. Hammond, enl. Aug. 16, 1863, Mustered out June 13, 1865, Christopher Kubbar, enl, Aug, 80, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865, Charles P, Bail, enl, Aug, 30, 1863, Promoted to Corp, Nov, 6, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865, Orange Fisher, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch, April 18, 1863. James M. Foster, enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Mustsred out June 12, 1865. L, Goult, enl, Aug, 30, 1863, Disch, for disability, Shubal Nease, enl, Aug, 30, lh62. Mustered out June 13, 1865, Addison Smith, enl, Aug, 30, 1863, Mustered out June 13, 1865, E, M, Sanborn, enl, Aug, 37, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865. COMPANY C, H, S, Caswell, enl, Aug, 30, 1862, Died at Nashville Dec, 1, 1862. William Weiker, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch. Jan, 17, 1863. Edward Hillman, enl. Dec. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Dec. 15, 1862. Died July 37, 1863, from wounds received at Fort Wagner, July 18th. Abraham Bennett, enl. Nov. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct. 24, 1862. Saunders Cornwell, enr. as Musician Dec. 19, 1861. Disch. Oct. 8, 1862. Charles Jenks, enl. Dec. 19, 1861. Transf. to 1st Penn. Battery Jan. 23, 1864. Hiram L. Rounds, enl. Nov. 8. 4861. Disch. for disability May 8, 1862. Sanford Russell, enl. Nov. 26, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct, 35, 1862. Andrew Sherman, enl. Nov. 26, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 7, 1865. Albert Russell, enl. Dec. 26, 1861, Promoted to Corporal Jan, 1, 1864. Wounded Oct. 13, 1864. Disch. Oct. 31, 1865. COMPANY D. James H. Cole, enr. as Capt. Sept. 27, 1861. Resigned March 17, 1862. Harvey E, Proctor, enr, as 1st Lieut, Sept. 37, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Sept. 9, 1862. Made Chaplain March 1, 1862. Became, Major in a Colored Reg, Robert L. Kimberly. (See Field and Staff.) George C. Dodge, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 2, 1861 Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Jan. 1, 1863, to 1st Lieut, Oct, 12, 1864, and to Captain Nov. 28, 1864. Resigned Dec. 27, 1864. Lloyd A. Fisher, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 27, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Nov. 20, 1862, and to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864. Hon. disch. May 27, 1864, Charles Hammond, enr, as Corp, Oct 27, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. July 1, 1862; to 1st Sergt. March 2", 1864, and to 1st Lieut. March 28, 1865 Mustered out with Regt. 26th Nov. 1865. Peter Herriff, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Prom. Corp. April 28, 1863; to Sergt. March 25, 1864; to 2nd Lieut. April 28, 1865; and to 1st Lieut. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Anson B. Ward, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 1861. Wounded Oct. 3o, 1863, Disch. Nov. 5, 1864, at end of service. Daniel Trowbridge, enl. Sept, 3, 1861, Promoted to Corp, Sept. 27, 1861. Died May 19, 1862, from wounds received at Shiloh April 7th. James W. Ashborn, enl. Sept 3, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. near Mt. Pleasant, Tenn. Abel P. Roscoe, enr. as Drummer Oct. 22, 1861. Disch. Aug. 4, 1865. EnosPease, enr. asFifer, Oct. 27, 1881. Disch. April 30, 1863. Edward Clifford enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 27, 1881. Disch. near Springhill, Tenn Elisha C. Woods, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 28, 1861. Disch. Oct. 22, 1862. Henry M. BilUngs. enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. July 11, 1863. Burr Fisher, enr. as Corp. Sept. 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. 12^ 1862. Disch. Jan. 12, 1863, 112 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. William H. H. Flick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 1861. Wounded at Shiloh, April 7, 1863. Disch. Dec. 11, 1862. Emory Davis, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 . Promoted to Corp. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. Oct. 22. 1862. Allen Atherton, enl, Sept. 18th, 1861. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1804. Elon G. Bnughton, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. May 19, 1862. Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. Mustered out June 13, 1865. John D. Butler, enl. Sept. 21, 1861 . Trinsf . to 1st Engineers, 1864. Thomas Butler, enl. Sept. 31. 1861. Promoted to Corp . Deo. 13, 1862; and to Sergt. March 27, 1864. Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov. 85, 1863 and Piclcett's Mills, May 87, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865. Asa P. Carr, enl. Sept . 14, 1861 . Disch . at end of term Nov. 5, 1864. George H. Claskey, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded Sept. 19, 1863. Mus- tered out June 13, 1865. Edward F. Corkell, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Died at luka. Miss., May 18, 1862. John F. Cowan, enl. Sept. 10. 1861. Disch. Feb. 14, 1863. Jesse Davidson, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., April 22, 1862.. Joseph Davidson, enl. Sept. 2. 1861. Wounded at Mission Ridge, Nov, 25, 1863. William Deisman, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Wounded Dec. 31, 1862, at Stone River; Sept. 19, 1863 at Chickamauga, and May 87, 1864, at Pickett's Mills, 6a. Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1865. Disch Aug. 12 1865. William Dunkee, enl. Sept, 18, 1861, Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1862. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov, 25, 1868. Arthur Emerson, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 13, 1862, to Sergt. Dec. 9 1864. to 1st Sergt. April 1, 1865. Wounded at Shiloh April 7, 1862, and Mission Ridge Nov. 33, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. S. F. Fancher, enl. Sept. 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp. March 24, 1864, and to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Josiah Flich. enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. Dec. 6, 1863, Thomas B. Fitzpatrick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Dec. 8, 1863. of wounds rec'd at Orchard Knob Nov. 33. John Gardner, enl. Sept, 17. 18-31 , Killed at Mission Ridge, Tenn,, Nov. 2.5, 1863. Francis Gibbons, enl. Sept, 17, 1861. Disch. July 14, 1862. Theodore Gregorj-, enl. Sept. 2d, 1861. Wounded at Pickett's Mills, 6a., May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. William Glasgow, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Wounded at Shiloh April 7, 1862. Disch. Nov. 3, 1863. Francis Harris, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., March 35, 1863. Martin Harris, enl. Sept. 2, 1881. Disch. July 29, 1862. Albert Herriman, enl. Sept. 25, 1S61. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865 Mustered out with the Reg. Johnson 0. Hewitt, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 8, 1862. Wounded Sept. 19, 1863, Mustered out at Nashville. Alexander Hornig, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 5, 1864. Hugh Hart, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded April 7, 1862, at Shiloh. Disch. Oct. 11, 1862. Joseph Hirst, enl . Oct. 3, 1861. Died Jan. 28, 1863, at Nashville of wounds rec'd at Stone River Dec. 3, 1863. Erastus P. Ives, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky, , Feb. 20, 1863. David M. Jones, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Died at Bedford, O., Feb. 6, 1863. Julius Jones, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1864. Mus- tered out with the Reg. Edward M Kelley, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863, and taken prisoner. Died in Andersonville prison Aug. 15, 1864. Jason Lockwood, enl. Sept, 27, 1861, Promoted to i.'orp, March 24, 1864, and to Sergt. April 1, 1865, Wounded at Chattahochie River July 5, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg, Levi Mead, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., April 7, 1862. William H. Marshall, enl. October 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1864, and to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Orson C. Mathews, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Taken prisoner Oct. 83, 1864. Disch June 22, 1865. Benjamin Needham, enl. Sept. 18, 1861 , Wounded April 7, 1863, at Shi- loh, and at Orchard Knob Nov, 33. 1833 Disch. for disability July 6, 1864, James F. Newcomb, enl. Sept. 21, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg Michael O'Bryan, enl. Sept. 35, 1.961. Disch. Jan. 30, 1863. Orwin Osborne, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Pro.iioted to Corp. Feb. 8, 1863. Disch, Aug. 15, 1862. Thomas Pearce, enl. Sept. 30, 1861. Disch. Jan. 30, 1863. William Powers, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Transf to Vet. Reserve Corps. James Pease, enl. Sept. 17, 1861. Wounded at Orchard Knob Nov. 83, 1863. Mustered out at end of term Nov. 6, 1864. Julius Raue, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. July 12, 1862. Luther Richardson, enl. Sept, 8, 1861. Killed at Pieketts' Mills Ga May 27, 1864. Virgil Richmond, enl. Sept. 81, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1864. Wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out with Reg. William H, Rattles, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Killed at Pickett's Mills Ga May 37, 1864, waiiam Simpson, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Disch. June 12, 1868. Oliver Slocum, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. Nov. 29, 1862. Emerson W. Smellie, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to Qjrp. Feb. 11 1863. Died Nov. 26, 1863, of wounds ree'd at Mission Ridge the day before. Spencer A. Sawyer, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. March 24, 1864, and Sergt. Dec. 9, 1864. Wounded at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862, and at Pickett's Mills May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Samuel Sampson, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Thomas Studer, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 16, 1882. William E. Smith, enl. Oct. 15,1861. Wounded De.-. .31, 1863. Mus- tered out June 13, 1865. John S. Tennis, enl. Sept, 14, 1861. Disch. Feb. 14, 1863. George J. A. Thompson. (See Field and Staff.) Andrew Trump, enl. Sept 14, 1861. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 87, 1864. Daniel E. Underhill, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Died at Camp Wickliffe, Ky, Jan. 15, 1862. Charles Venoah, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Wounded at Eeadyville, Tenn., Feb. 19, 1863, and at Mission Ridge Nov. 23, 1863. Disch. at end of term Nov. 29, 1864 John Wakefield, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 24, 1861, and to 1st Sergt. April 27, 1863. Wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863, and Pickett's Mills May 27, 1864. Mustered out at end of term Nov. 4, 1864. Zenas Wheeler, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 19, 1862. William Wick, enl. Sept. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Nehemiah Flick, enl, March 1,1864, Promoted to Corp, July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Rear. Verneuel Button, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Benoah Kellogg, enl. March 2, 1864. Wounded at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Jonathan Minor, enl. 1864. Wounded at Nashville, Tenn., Deo. 16, 1864. Disch. with the Reg. William Woods, ent. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Royal Dunham, enl. Feb. 29, 18)4. Killed at Pieketts' Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. Moses Tompkins, enl. Feb. 12, 1864, Died June 21, 1864, at Chattanooga, Tenn., of wounds received at Pieketts' Mills, May 27. William Cowan, enl. Oct. 8. 1862, Disch. March 6. 1863. John Mier, enl. Sept. 22, 1864. Disch. June 13. 1865, Leonard Presing, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Wounded at Bull's Gap. Tenn., April 1, 1865. Disch. June 13, 1865. COMPANY E. Frank D. Stone, enr as Capt. Sept. 30, 1861. Resigned Jan. 23, 1862. William J. Morgan, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 27, 1861. Promoted Jan. 30, 1862, to Capt. Resigned March 24, 1863. Ferdmand D. Cobb, enl. as 1st Sergt, Co. F, Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. March 17, 1862, to 1st Lieut. May 21, 1862, and transf. to Co. E. Wounded at Nashville, Dec . 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Harry W. Jones, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 30, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Feb. 8, 1862. Disch. Oct, 1, 1862. Frederick A. McKay, enl. asSergt. Sept. 30, 1861. Promoted to 3d Lieut. Nov. 24, 1862. Resigned Nov. 88. 1864. Albert E. Virgil, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 12, 1861. Died from wounds re. ceived at Shiloh April 7, 1862. Arthur Ecfcert, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2. 1864. Henry Simons, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1861. Killed at Stone River Deo 31, 1862. William Lynch, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at Columbus, O. William Edwards, enr. as Corp. Sept. 18, 1861. Disch. Feb. 81, 1863. Cyrus Williams, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. William Drum, enr. as Corp. Sept. 13, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Jan 80, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Samuel Colby, enrolled as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Nov. 2, 1864, John CuUen, enr. as Corp. bept. 12. 1861. Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Thomas Powers, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Sept. 16, 1862. WilHam Langell, enr. as Corp. Aug, 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. John Neville, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1861. Discharged at end of term, Nov. 2, 1854. Sylvester W.Winchester, enr. as Fifer Oct. 4, 1861. Killed at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862, James Arnott, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Transf. to the Veteran Reserve Corps. Seaman Annis. enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Alexander Beard, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 8, 1862. •Jervis Barber, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. May 12, 1862. Caswell Barber, enl. Oct. 27, 1861. Disch. May 18, 1868, Henry S. Coykindall, enl. Aug. 37, 1861 . Disch. at end of term, Nov. 2, 1864. Jacob Cressinger, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. April 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Thomas Conway, enl. Aug. 27, 1861 . Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864. Henry Conway, enl, Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at Nashville, Tenn. FORTY-FIRST INFANTRY. 113 Timothy Corbit, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Died of wounds received at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Dennis Corbit, enl. Sept. 4, 186r. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864, John Caldwell, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. at Lovisville, Ky. David Cochran, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 3, 1864. Michael Chalk, enl. Oct. 6, 1861. Died June 18, 1862, from wounds ree'd at Shiloh Arril 7. Robert Davidson , enl. Sept. 30. 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864. James Evans, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Disch. at end of term Jan. 30, 1865. Patrick Flannagan, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Ensign FuUweller, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 16, 1862, for disability caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7. Edward Fitzpatrick, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. Aug. 22, 1862, for disa- bility caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7. Patrick Farrell, enl. Sept. 6, 1861. Disoh. at end of term Feb. 28, 1865. John Gordon, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Disch. at Columbus, O. Michael Griffin, enl. Oct. 3, 1861. Disch. at end of term Feb. 21, 1865. John Halpin, enl. Sept. l', 1861. Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20, 18B3. Fiederick Hodge, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Nov. 6, 1862. Oliver Hobart. enl. Aug. 37, 1861. Disch. March 31, 1863. Daniel Hogan, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Aug. 5, 1862. WUIiamHiland, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Died of wounds rec'd at Mission Ridge Nov. 28, 1863. Abram Hubbell, enl. Aug. 27, 186] . Disch. at Camp WicklifEe, Ky. Urson Harvey, enl. Oct. 9, 1861, Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20, 1863. John Hayes, enl. Sept 12, 1861. Died June 15, 1862, at Cincinnati, from wounds received at Shiloh April 7. Charles Herling, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., Nov. 27, 1864. Edward Johnson, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 12, 1864. John Kepler, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Died at Nashville, Jan. 18, 1863. James Labier, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862. John Lobdell, enl. Aug, 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Robert Lamb, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Disch. Jan. 22, 1863. Andrew Mattison, enl Sept 12,1861. Disoh. for disability Jan. 15, 1862, Anthony Montreal, enl . Sept. 4, 1861 . Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862. James Murray, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864. Joseph Moses, enl. Sept. 15, 1861. Disch. May 18, 1862. Richard Neville, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Disoh. at enl of term Nov. 2. 1864. William Naly, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Richard O'Eleilly, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disoh. .Ian. 20, 1863. William Oviatt, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Disch. at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20, 1803. David Phillips, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. Jan. 2, 1863. George Partridge, enl. Aug. 27. 1861 . Left at Chattanooga, sick, March 1, 1864. John Palmer, enl. Sept. 8, 1861, Disch. June 13, 1865. William Partridge, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Promoted [to Serg. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864, John Price, enl. Sept. 37, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov, 10, 1864, Jesse Quack, enl. Aug. 27, 1861 , Killed at Stone River Dec, 31, 1863. John Ryan, enl. Sept, 12, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve Corps. John Rawlings, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg, Alva Smith, enl, Oct, 9, 1861, Died at Nelson's Furnace Ky, Cornelius Striker, enl. Sept, 12, 1861, Disch, at Chattanooga, Tenn, Nelson Stebbins, enl. Sept, 1, 1861. Disch, at end of term Nov, 2, 1864, Abram Strock, enl, Aug, 27, 1861, Died June 20, 1864, at Chattanooga from wounds rec'd at Resaca, Ga., May 14, Samuel Sponseller, enl. Aug, 27, 1861, Honorably discharged to date July 2, 1865, William Such, enl, Oct, 9, 1861 , Disch, for disability caused by wounds, rec'd at Mission Ridge, Nov, 33, 1863. Cyrus Singletary, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky. Lyman Treat, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Killed in skirmish at Chattahooohie River July 5, 1864. James Tompkins, enl. Auj. 27, 1861. Disch. at;Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 20, 1863. Benjamin Wood, enl. Sept, 27, 1861, Promoted to Serg. Jan, 20, 1864, and to 1st Serg, June 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg, Clyde Waussen, enl. Sept, 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Charles Chesley, enl. Aug, 27, 1862. Killed at Mission Ridge Nov, 23, 1863, John Canfield, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Disch, at end of term Jan, 15, 1865,; George Van Tassell, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Disoh, May 20, 1865. Daniel Sullivan, enl, Aug. 27, 1S63, Transf, to the Vet, Reserve Corps, William Ferrell, enl, Aug. 27, 1862. Transf, to Vet, Reserve Corps. April 1, 1865, Charles Randall, enl, Oct. 2, 1862, Promoted to Corp, , Deserted June 9, 1865, Michael Howard, enl, Aug. 23, 1862. Disch. at Nashville, Tenn. Michael Kane, enl , Aug. 26, 1862. Disch, June 13, 1865, James Maroney, enl, Sept. 2, 1862. Disch, at Cleveland, O, Mitchell Miller, enl, Dec, 10, 1861, Disch, at end of term Jan, 14, 1865, Henry Ritlicker, enl, Aug, 18, 1862. Disch. July 31, 1863, Matthew B, Chapman, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg, George Fluett, enl, Jan, 1, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg. 15 Thomas Nay, enl, Aug, 35, 1862, Musteredout with the Reg. Delos Treat, enl, Feb. 29, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg, COMPANY T. Daniel S. Leslie, enr. asCapt, Sent, 2, 1861. Wounded at battle of Shiloh April 7, 1862, Resigned Sept, 9, 1863. Ephraim S . Holloway , (See Field and Staff . ) John D, Kirkendall, enr. as 3nd Lieut, Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to 1st Lieut, Jan, 9, 1862, Philo A. Beardsley, enl. Oct, 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt, Jan. 20, 1864; to 1st Sergt. Dec. 9, 1864, and to 1st Lieut, March 28, 1865, Mustered out with the Reg. Ferdinand D, Cobb, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 2, 1861, Promoted to 3nd Lieut, March 17, 1862; to 1st Lieut, May 21, 1863, Charles Cooper, enr, as Sergt. Sept, 2, 1861, Disch, for disability March 35. 1863, Jacob Renner, enr, as Sergt, Sept, 3, 1861, Killed at Chickamauga Sept, 19, 1863. Job Burnham, enl. Oct, 1, 1861, Promoted to Sergt, Jan, 30, 1864, Mus- tered out with the Reg. Warren L, Ripley, enl. Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Sergt, Jan, 30, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg, John Pennell, enl, Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan, 20, 1664, and to Sergt, Dec, 12, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg. Orestes T, Engle, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp, JJan, 20, 1864, and to Sergt, July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Eeg. Iram Kilgore, enl, Oct. 29, 1861, Promoted to Sergeant Sept, 1, 1862. Wounded at Chickamauga, Sept, 19, 1863, Was taken prisoner and died. Charles Shoemaker, enr, as Corp, Sept, 2, 1861 , Killed at Mission llidge, Nov, 25, 1863, Thomas P. Baker, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Killed at Chickamauga, Sept, 19> 1863. Joseph Bouvia, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov, 35, 1863, John M, Blanden, enl, Feb. 39, 1861, Killed at Pickett's Mills, May 27, 1864. James Davis, enl, Sept. 3, 1861, Killed at Stone River, Dec, 31, 1862, Andrew Edney, enl, Oct, 10. 1861. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. Frank Gomia, enl. Sept. 2. 1861, Killed at Pickett's Mills,;Ga,, May 27 1864, S, B, Kidwell, enl, Sept,'.2, 1861, Killed at Stone River, Dec, 31, 1862, Joseph Parish, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Killed at Stone River, Deo, 31, 1862, Abraham J , Rice, enl, Sept. 18, 1861. Killed at Shiloh, April 7, 1863. Andrew Gault, enl. Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Sergt Jan, 20, 1864. Died from wounds received at Pickett's Mills, Ga,, May 27, 1864. Orlando P. Kilmer, enr. as Corp, Sept, 2, 1861 , Promoted to Sergt, Died from wounds received at Shiloh, April 7, 1862, Walter Smith, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 10, 1861. Died at New Haven, Ky., Feb. 2, 1863. Augustus Nieding, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp. July 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Charles Edney, enl. Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Corporal July 9, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg, Henry Older, enl, Oct, 10, 1861, Promoted to Corp. Dec, 12, 1864, Mus tered out with the Reg, George A, Webb, enl. Oct. 21, 1851, Promoted to Corp, Dee, 12, 1864 Mustered out with the Reg, WilUam T. Hazel, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Promoted to Corp, April 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Alexander Gault, enl, Nov, 4, 1862. Promoted to Corp, April 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg, Edgar Atkinson, enl, Feb, 26, 1864, Wounded at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg. George W. Bridge, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. Frederick Brucker, enl, Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg . Benjamin Darby, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg, Dillon P, Duer, enl. Oct, 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg, Julius F, Goff, enl. Sept, 2, 18S1 , Mustered out with the Reg. William Keck, enl, Oct, 10, 1861, Mustered out with the Reg. Joseph Lee, enl. March 22, 1855. Mustered out with the Reg. Ward Ripley, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg. William Ryan, enl. Sept 2, 1861 . Mustered out with the Reg. Jacob Shirley, enl. Sept, 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg, Reuben H, Aylesworth, enl, Sept. 2, 1861 , Promoted to Corp, Aug. 1 1862, Died from wounds reo'd at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863, Frank Maser, enr, as Corp, Oct, 10, 1861, Died at Nashville, Tenn, March 33, 1862. Isaac Flaugher, enr. as Corp, Oct, 10, 1861, Died at Nelson's Barracks, Ky,, Feb, 13, 1862. James S. Clary, enl. Sept, 2, 1861, Lost on the steamer Sultana, Thomas Duer, enl, Oct. 10, 1861 , Died at Cincinnati May 4, 1863. Mathias Hageman, enl. Sept 2, 1861 , Died May 13, 1863, from wounds ree'd at Shiloh, April 7, Marshall La Fountain, enl. Sept, 3, 1861. Died at Nashville, Jan. 27, 1863. Alexander Lehman, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 . Died of wounds rec'd at Shiloh, April 7, 1862. Adam Miller, enl. Sept, 2, 1861 , Disch. for disability. lU GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. i George Butsou, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 37, 1864. John Clark, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. James McXahoQ, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 16, 1861. Transf. to Co. I. COMPANY I. James McMahan, enr. S rgt. Co. H, Sept. 16, 1861. Transf. to Co. I and made 2nd Lieut. Dec. 21. 1863. Prom, to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864, and to Capt. Nov. 36, 1864. Res, Feb. 34, 1865. JobnD. Kirkeudall enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. F, Sept. 2, 1861. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Jan. 9, 1862, and transf. to Co. B, and to Capt. Co. I, Jan. 1, 1863. Dis. Nov. 10, 1864. George D. Parker, enr. as Corp. Oct. 2, 1861. Died at Louisville, Ky., Dee. 26, 1861. Shepard Scott, eni', as Drummer Oct. 2, 1861. Missing after battle of Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1862. Josephus Ackley, enl. Aug. 27, 1S61. Mustered out March 29, 1865. John Clark, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Disch. for disability, July 25, 1864. John Kennedy, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 11, 1862. Louis Duvoo, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Nov. 14, 1864. . Charles Ellsworth, enl. Sept 14. 1861 . Mustered out at end of term, Nov, 4, 1864. James Fitzgerald, enl. Aug. 3rth, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 20, 1865 Mustered out with the Reg. Frederick Gouch, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Died at Readyville. Tenn., April 21, 1863. William Goddard, enl. Oct. 16, 1861 . Died at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 1, 1863. Uriah Haddock, enl. Sept. 22, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 31, 1862. Henry Holmes, enl. Oct. 2, 1S61. Mustered out at end of term Nov.1,1864. John W. Hall, enl. Oct. 2, 1861. Died at Poe's Tavern, Tenn., Sept. 12, 1863. Charles Wells, enl Sept. 14, 186!. Mustered out June 17, 1865. George Warren, en', Oct 22, 1861. Discharged for disability Jan 26, 1865. Adam Z^aley, enl. Oct. 5, ISil. Died at Belmont Furnace, Ky., Feb. 20, 1862. William Chapman, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered ojt with the Reg. James E. Chapman, enl. Feb. 2D, 1884. Mustered out with the Reg. George E. Lauger, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 4, 1863. Disch. for disability July 3, 1863. COMPANY K. Henry Coon enr. as Corp. Co. G Oct. 17, 1831. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Feb. 14, 1863, and transf. to Co. K. Res. April 17, 1862. Re-enlisted in 6ih Regt. Aug. 30, 1S62. Mustered out June 8, 1865. Albert L. Bliss, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 16, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec 39,1862. John OiT, enr. as Corp Oct. 3, 1861. Promoted to 1st Serg. Died Jan 3, 1863, of wounds rec'dat Stone River. Newton Battles, enl. Aug. 21, 1861. Died at Camp WicklifEe, Ky Dec 20,1861. James M O'Brien, enr. as Corp. Oct. .3, 1861. Promoted to Serg. De- serted Oct. 1, 1862. William Babcock, enr. as Fiter Oct. 8, 1861. Mustered out with the Reg. James Miller, enl. Oct. 24, 1801. Disch. for disability Dec. 19, 1862. James Alpin. enl. Oct. 35, 1861. Disch. at end of term Nov. 2, 1864. Lafayette Brown, enl. Oct. 4, 18il. Disch. for disabUity Jan. 21, 1862. Edward Dalton, enl. Oct. 7, 1861. Prom, to Corp. Deserted Oct. 1, 1863. John Donaldson, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 10, 1864. Darwin Henry, enl. Oct. 6, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 8, 1862. John F. Kelley, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 11, 1864. William McEacharn, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by wounds rec'd in battle. Milton Miller, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Disch. for disability. William Price, enl. Oct. 21, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Died at Chatta- nooga of wounds rec'd in battle John Pendleton, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 2, 1862. Arthur Quinn, enl. Aug. 27, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 18, 1862. Daniel Regan, enl, Oct. 7, 1861. Transf. to Vet. Reserve Corps. Jacob Rusher, enl. Oct. 21, 1861. Killed at Shiloh April 7, 1862. William P. Rodick, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Disch. March 20, 1865. Benjamin F. Rand, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 14, 1862. William Reeve, enl. Oct. 17, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 21, 1863. John Stuart, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. i led in Hos. at Chattanooga , 1863. Conrad Schock, enl. Oct. 16, 1861. Deserted April 11, 1863. Dennis Sexton, enl. Aug. 27, 1S61. Disch. Asahel Thayer, enl. Sept. 14, 1861. Died in Hosp. at Bowling Green, Ky., Oct. 18, 1862. Nicholas Wagner, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Died at Athens, Ala., July 16, 1862. Henry Wagner, enl. Oct. 9, 1861 , Disch. Matthew White, enl. Oct. 12, 1861. Disch. fpr disability March 16. 1862. LeanderM. Lovelace, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 18, 1861. Died at Cincinnati, April 24, 1882, from wounds. Marcus Synod, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Disch. at end of term, Oct. 15, 1864. Henry Arnold, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by wounds rec'd. at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. RawsoaH. Bradley, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability, 1365. Charles Newton, enl. Oct. 10, 1861 Disch. Aug. 5, 1862, for disability caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh, A.pril 7. John Peter, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disability .\Iay 23, 1363. Joseph R. Remley, enl. Oct. 21, 1861 . Disch. for disability Oct. 17, 1862. Henry Sanderson, enl. Sept. 2. 1861. Disch. for disability June 3, 1862. John A. Standen, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disability caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh, April 7, :832. David ShaefEer, enl. Oct. 13. 1861. Disch. as being under age. Benj. F. Willbur, enr. as Drummer Sept. 2, 1861. Disch for disability May 21, 1862. John T. Wait, enl. Oct. 1, 1861, Disch. for disability .\ug 5,1863. Joseph ^Vordeu. enl. Sept. 2, 1881. Disch. June 21, 1865. Matthias Frederick, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve Corps . James Sharkey, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Transf. to the Vet. Reserve Corps. Henry Braunstetter, ear. as Corp. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 19, 1862. Charles Newburg, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga May 27, 1864. Thomas H. Bellard, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for disabihty Dec. 20, 1862. Alexander Santeur, enl. Sept. 2, 1861 . Died at Hosp. at St. Louis ' Jan 15, 1862. Lyman C. BilUngs, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 3, 1862 EliShisler, enl. Oct. 10, 1861, Lost on Steamer Echo June 19, 1865. Charles Smith, enl. Oct. 31, 1861. Died at Covington, Ky. , May 10, 1862. Benjamin N. Snyder, enl. Sept. 18, 1831. Died at Nelson's Barracks Ky., March 15, 1862. Homer Spaulding, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Died Dec. 2, 1863, from wounds rec'd at Shiloh, April 7. Phmpton Stewart, enl. Oct. 10, 1831. Died in Hosp, near Corinth Miss .lune 31, 1862. ' " Frank B. Shirley, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died April 24, 1863, from wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7. William Weitzell, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Died at Cincinnati May 10, 1862 from wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7. ' "' AlexanderBushong, enr. asCorp. Oct 10,1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 4, 1862. WiUiam M. Guthrie, enl. Oct. 10,1861. Promoted to Corp . March 17, 1863. Disch. for disability Dec. 13, 1862. James W. Perkins, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. March 17, 1862. Disch for disability Aug. 29, 1862. John Eckenroad, enl . Oct 22, 1S61 . Disch . f on disability Jan. 18, 1864. Daniel Eckenroad, enl. Oct. 32, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov.' 25, '862 Albert Faber, enl. Sept. 3, 1861. Disch. Sept. 3, 1862, for disability caused by wounds rec'd at Shiloh April 7. Peter Frederick, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 29, 1864. James B. Gibson, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. June 21, 1865. Charles Green, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch for disability March 10, 1863. Henry Herriff, enr. as Fifer, Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. for disability July 34 1862. ' James Hughes, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. June 7, 1865. William Iry, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Disch. March 30, 1363, for disibility caused by wounds rec'd at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Anthony Kreckle, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Disch. at end of term Oct. 29, 1864. John C. Chapin, enl. Oct. 15, 1881. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 20, 1864 to Sergt. Dec, 13. 1864, and to 1st Sergt. March 23, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865. Robert A. Gault, enr. as Corp. Oct. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Dec 8, 1862, to Sergt. Maj. May 1, 1883, and transf. to Co. G. Henry G. Delker, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut and transf. to Co . H Dec , 5, 1864. COMPANY G. Robert A. Gault, enr. as Corp. Co. F, Oct. 10, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. Dec 8, 1862; to Sergt. Maj. May 1, 1863; to 1st Lient. Co. G Nov. 26, 1864- and to Capt. March 28, 1865. Mustered out Nov. 27, 186.3. Henry Coon, enr. as Corp. Oct. 17, 1861. Promoted to' 2nd Lieut. Feb. 14, 1862, and transf. to Co. K. Resigned April 17, 1862. George Hill, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1863, Albert W. .Miller, enl. March 1, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865. John Snethen, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865. Bridgeman Snethen, enl. March 1, 1864. Died from wounds July 23, 1864. Allison Varney, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Mustered out May 16, 1865. William Alexander, enl. Oct. 1. 1863. Killed at Pickett'sMills Ga Mav 27, 1864. ' '' • COMPANY H. Henry G. Delker, enr. as Sergt. Co. F, Sept. 2, 1861. Prom, to 1st Lieut and transferred to Co. H, Dec. 5, 1864, and to Captain March 18, 1860' Wounded in left arm and side Dec. 16, 1864. Mustered out Nov 27 1863. ■ ' Albert Whittlesey, enl. Oct. 10, 1864.. Promoted to 2nd Lieut Nov 7 1862, and to 1st Lieut. April 13, 1864. Resigned Nov. 20, 1864 ' William J. Holcomb, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out Nov.'27 1865 Levi Turner, enl. Feb. 6, 1,364. Mustered out Nov. 27, 1865. William Tooze, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Norton T. Worcester, eul. Feb. 24, 1884. Mustered out Nov. 27 1865 Richard Hudson, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. ' FORTY-SECOND AND OTHEE INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 115 CHAPTER XXII. PORTy-SECOWD, FOBTY-THIRD AND FIFTY- SECOND INFANTRY. Company G, Forty-second Infantry— The First Colonel— Whipping Humphrey Marshall— Driven from Cumberland Gap— Storming Chick- asaw Bluffs- Defeated-Capture of Arkansas Post— Battle of Port Gibson— Champion Hills and Big Black— Assaults on Vicksburg— Siege and Capture— In Louisiana— Mustered out— Its Losses— Its Members from Cuyahoga County- Forty-third Infantiy— In the ' Ohio Brigade" —Its Subsequent Services— Its Members from This County— One Mem- ber of the Forty-fifth Infantry— Fiity-second Infantry— Its Gallantry at Perryville— Saving the Ammunition at Stone Elver— The Battle of Chickamauga— Severe Duty before Lookout— Mission Eidge— Relief of Knoxville— Resaoa and Kenesaw— Subsequent Services— Mustered out —Members from this County. FORTY-SECOND INFANTRY. Company G of this regiment was principally from Cuyahoga county; the records showing sixty-four men from that county on its rolls, and seven more on those of Companies H and K. The various compa- nies were mustered at Camp Chase during the autumn of 1861; the regiment being completed by the muster of Companies G, H, I and K, on the 26th of Novem- ber. The first colonel was the now celebrated states- man, James A. Garfield. The Forty-second moved to Kentucky in December, and on the 10th of January, 1863, with other troops, was engaged in a sharp fight with several thousand rebels under General Humphrey Marshall. During the following night Marshall burned his baggage and fled, leaving his dead on the ground. After consid- erable other duty against guerrillas, the Forty-second was made a part of General G. W. Morgan's command, with which it marched to Cumberland Gap, taking possession of that renowned stronghold on the 18th of June. On the 6th of July the brigade to which it belonged was attacked by a heavy body of Confederates a short distance south of tlie Gap, and forced back to that point. General Morgan finally withdrew his whole command through Kentucky; the Forty-second acting as rear-guard in a very exhaustive march. After a short excursion into Western Virginia, the regiment went down to Memphis, in November, 1863. In December it proceeded to the vicinity of Vicks- burg, and on the 29th of that month was one of the regiments which stormed the rebel intrenchments at Chickasaw Bluffs. It rushed forward in the face of a terrific fire with the utmost gallantry, but the storm of shot and shell and musketry was so murderous that it was obliged to retire, as was the rest of the assailing force. Early in January, 1863, the troops before Vicks- burg went up the Arkansas river and attacked Arkan- sas Post. After four hours' cannonading and several unsuccessful charges,, another charge was made in which the Forty-second led the advance, but soon after it got under fire the enemy surrendered. Seven thousand prisoners were captured. Returning to the vicinity of Vicksburg the regiment, in the latter part of April, took a prominent part in the movement against the rear of that city. In the battle of Port Gibson it twice charged the intrench- ments of the enemy and was compelled to fall back with heavy loss, but its courage was still unbroken and, being moved to another position, it again made a charge and carried the rebel works. The enemy then abandoned the field. This regiment lost more heavily than any other in the corps. The Forty-second was slightly engaged at Cham- pion Hills and Big Black river, and suffered severely in the unsuccessful attacks on Vicksburg on the 19th and 33d of May. It participated in the hardships and glories of the siege and capture of Vicksburg, and soon afterward was ordered to the department of the Gulf. During the winter of 1863-4, it was stationed at Plaquemine, Louisiana. It was engaged through the spring and summer of 1864 in arduous service, (though without much fighting), in Louisiana and Arkansas, and was mustered out in the fall, as the terms of the various companies expired. During its three years' service the Forty-second had one officer and twenty men killed, and eighteen offi- cers and three hundred and twenty-five men wounded. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY 0. Charles P. Jewetc, enr. as Capt. Sept. 19, 1831. Res. July 11, 1863. Calvin Pierce, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Pro. to 3d Lieut. May 28, 1863; to 1st Lieut. May 25, 1864. Mustered out with Co. Deo. 2, 1864. Edward B. Campbell, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 19, 1861, Pro. to 2d Lieut. March 20, 1862; to 1st Lieut. June 5, 1862; to Capt. May 27, 1863. Transf. to 96th Reg. as Capt. Co. E Oct. 33, 1863. Must, out July 7, 1865. Andrew J. Stone, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 19, 1861 . Died March 9, 1862. Noble B. Wiggins, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 Pro. to 1st Sergt. July 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Hull, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. D. J. Wilder, enr. as Corp. Sept. 19, 1861. Pro. to Sergt. Mustered out with Co . John W. Hofste, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co . Daniel Mulverhill, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. July B, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Alfred D. Stryker, enl. Oct. 32, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Collins, enlisted Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles S. Anderson, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Carlin, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Corcoran, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. AmasaS. Garfield, enl. Sept. 19, 1831. Mastered out with the Co. George M. Kelley, enl. Sept. 19, 18^1. Mustered out with the Co. James McGregor, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. John McGregor, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. James McGuire, enl . Sept 19, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co . Patrick Murphy, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. George M. Phelps, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Seymour Euggles, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick J. Switz, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Shevlin, enl. Oct. 4, 1861 , Mustered oat with the Co . Harrold Shattuck, enl. Got. 4, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Wilson Shepard, enl. Oct. 4, 1831. Mustered out with the Uo. James Williamson, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Hays. enl. Sapt. 19, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg, Miss. Dec. 29, 1862, Alfred Faulkner, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Killed at sie^e of Vicksburg, May 30, 186.3. Henry C. Morgan, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Died at Vicksburg, Miss,, July 27, 1863. William Gardner, enl. as Corp. Sept. 19, 1861. Died from wounds reo'd in battle, Jan. 12,1863, John J, Quiggin, enl, Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. DiedinHosp. at New Orleans, .-i-ug, 31, 1863, Junior E, Cox, enr. as Corp. Sept, 19, 1861, Died at Cumberland Gap, Sept. 18, 1863, BelaW, Porter, enl. Sept. 19, 1S61, Died at St. Loais, Mo., Jan. 1863. Frank Williams, enl. Sept. 19, 1831. Died at Vicksburg, July 26, 1863. 116 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Promoted to 1st Lieut, in XT. S. Col. Disoh. for disability Sept. 15, 1862. Disch. Jan. 12, 1863, Promoted to 2nd Lieut. U. S. Calvin A. Marble, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Disch. for disability March 25, 1863. John Brown, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Disch. for disa- bility May 3, 1863. John Brayton, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Inf.,May, 1?64. James Gazelly, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Jacob James enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Rufus C. Huntoon, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Col. Inf. June 11, 1864. John McMahon, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 19, 1862. Michael O'Brien, enl. Sept. 19, 1861 . Disch. for disability Oct. 15, 1863. Warren Kathburn, enl. Oct. 4, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 10, 1863. (Jeorge G. Striker, enl. Oct. 23. 1861. Disch. Oct. 15. 1863, for disability caused by wounds rec'd in action May 1 . William Simloe, enl. Oct. 28, 1861. Disch. for disability May 35, 1863. William P. Williams, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 15, 1863. Thomas Mapes, enl. Oct. 4. 1861. Disch. Dec. 4, 1863. James Deharty, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Transf . to Vet. Reserve Corps. Nicholas Moore, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Transf. to the Invalid Corps. John Perry, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Principal Musician Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out at end of term Oct., 1864. John R. Bailey, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 2, 1864. Edward Caine, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Robert Corlett, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Corlett, enl. Oct. 13, 1861. Died at home Feb., 1862. John G. Warren, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Died at Ashland. Ky.,Feb. 1862. Norman F. Dean, enl . Oct. 13, 1861 . Promoted to Corp . George D. Farr, enl. "as Corp. Sept. 19, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct 7, 1863. Willard M. Farr, enl. Sept. 19, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. 118th Reg. U. S. Col. Inf. May — 1864. George Haycox, enl. Sept. 19, 1861, Disch. fordisabiUty July 15, 1863. John M. Hays, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Disch. at end of term (9 mos ) July 6, 1863. Edward A. Williams, enl. Sept. 19, 1861, Promoted to Corp. July 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 2, 1864. Lorenzo D. Cox, enl. Oct. 18, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co. David B. Clark, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., July 27, 1863. Mustered out with the Hiram J. Bowman, enr. as Corp. Nov. 6, 1861 . Co. Dec. 3, 1864. Alvin J. Stanley, enr. as Corp. Nov. 3, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co. Luther M. Fast, enl. Nov. 8, 1861 . Mustered out with the Co John Warren, enl. Nov. 5, 1861 . Disch. for disability April 6, 1862. Philip Youngblood, enl. Nov. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 15, 1863. COMPANT K. Augustus B. Hubbell, enr. Nov. 15, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Jan. 28, 1863; and to 1st Lieut. Feb. 36, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Deo' . 3. 1864. Joseph S. Osgood, enl. Oct. 33, 1861. Disch. Got. 6, 1862. PORTY-THIRD INFANTRY. This regiment had but twelve men from Cuyahoga county. It was assigned to the celebrated "Ohio Brigade," the services of which are outlined in the sketch of the Twenty-seventh Infantry. After the discontinuance of that brigade, in the spring of 1864 the regiment was actively and gallantly engaged throughout the Atlanta campaign; taking a promi- nent part in the conflicts at Resaca, Oostenaula, Ken- esaw, Decatur, etc. It participated in the "March to the Sea," and the campaign through the Carolinas, and was mustered out in July, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY C, George Dill, enl. Deo. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co July 13 1865 Albert A. Lawrence, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the C(5 S. S. Piper, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co John Wheelan, enl. Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Alexander P. Akins, enl. Jan. 30, 1864. Transf. to the navy Sent 10 1864 WilliamBurch, enl. March 10, 1864. i- . '", looj. Charles Campbell, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Transf. to the navy Sept. 10, 1864. John Mahony, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Giles H. Russ, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Schnabel, enl. March 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY F. James MoMannis, enl. Jan. 10, 1864. Mustered out with Co. July 13, 1865 . COMPANY G. John Moran, enl. Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1866. FORTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. JuUus J. Sheldon, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 15,1862. Resigned Nov. 6 1864. :fifty-second infantry. Twenty-three men of Company I comprised the representation of Cuyahoga county in the Fifty-third Ohio Infantry. The regiment was raised by Colonel Dan. McCook in the summer of 186?. Its first battle was that of Perryville, where the raw soldiers stood to their work like veterans, capturing Peter's Hill after a sharp conflict, and repelling with heavy loss, the rebel force sent to retake it. It was not in the battle of Stone River, but its left wing, while escort- ing an ammunition train to the -scene of conflict, was. attacked by a large force of rebel cavalry, which was completely defeated. After serving in middle Tennessee through the spring and summer of 1863, the Fifty-second advanced with Rosecrans, and on the 19th, 20th and 21st of September took part in the disastrous battle of Chick- amauga. Most of the time it was held in reserve, and consequently it did not suffer a very serious loss. Soon afterwards it was on very severe duty for a week, without relief, in the worst of weather, holding a position under the constant fire of the rebels on Look- out mountain. The Fifty-second supported the storming columns at Mission Ridge, and was active in the pursuit of the defeated enemy. It soon after marched to the relief of Knoxville, suffering severely from the inclemency of the weather and the scant- iness of supplies. The next spring, 1864, the regiment went into the Atlanta campaign. At Resaca it made a charge and defeated the enemy, but with heavy loss to itself. At Kenesaw mountain the brigade to which it be- longed attacked the rebel intrenchments with the most desperate gallantry, but was defeated with very heavy loss; the gallant Colonel McCook being mortally wounded. The regiment continued in active service until the capture of Atlanta; marched with Sherman to the sea and through the Carolinas, and was mus- tered out in June, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Joel Morse, enr. as Surgeon July 22, 1863. Resigned Sept. 6, 1864. COMPANY I. Ira H. Pool, enr. as 1st Sergt, July 19, 1862. Proro. to 1st Lieut. Nov. 26, 1862, and to Capt. April 24, 1864. Died July 30, 1864, of wounds rec'd at Kenesaw Mt., Ga. William Freeman, enr. as Sergt. June 3, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Nov. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. William Buckire, enl. June 30, 1863. Disch. June 9, 1863. Joseph H. Garrison, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. FIFTY-FOURTH AND OTHER INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 117 John Lanaghan, enl . July 3, 186^. Mustered out with the Reg . William Lockard, enl. July 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. William Myers, enl. June 3, 1862. Disch. Deo. 26, 1862. James Moneysmith, enl. June 21, 1862. Died Oct. 23, 1862, from wounds received in action. James McKutchen, enl. July 26. 1862. Mustered out with ihe Reg. Thomas Olds, enl. June 25, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. George Simmons, enl. July 24, 1862. Deserted Aug. 23, 1863. Frederick SeiTert, enl. July 26, 1862. Disch. Dec. 18, 1862. Howard F. Thompson, enl. June 4, 1868. Mustered out with the Reg. Justin Weisgerber, enl. June 1, 1862 Charles Wittern, enl. July 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Thomas Waddock, enl. June 28, 1862. Transf . to the Marine Corps. Sandall Zopher, enr. as Drummer June 11, 1863. Died at Bowling Green, Ky.,Nov, 4.1862. Peter Kisser, enl. June 16, 1863, Detailed as baker Jan. 30, 1864. John N. Uhlsenheimer, enl . June 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. June 3, 1865. Henry Lotz, enr. as Corp. June 16, 1863, Promoted toSergt. Jan. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg, June 3, 1865. Augustus Lotz, enl. Feb. 30, 1864. Transt. to «9th Reg., Co. I. Mus- tered out July 17, 1865. George W. Cogswell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 5, 1862, Mustered out with the Reg. Doming B. Fish, enl. July 24, 1802. Muste.ed out with the Reg. CHAPTER XXIII. FIFTr-FOURTH, FIFTY-EIGHTH AMD SIXTIETH INFANTRY. Company H of the Fifty-fourth— The Regiment at Pittsburgh Landing— Chickasaw Bluffs— Arkansas Post— Operations around Vieksburg— ilission Ridge— Relief of Knoxville Resaca, Kenesaw and Atl nta— Down to the Sea— Through the Carolinas— In Arkansa.s— Mustered Out--Menfrom this County— A Man in the Fifty-flfth— The Germans of the Fifty-eighth— Shaking off the Snow to attack Fort Donelson— Pittsburg Landing— Chickasaw Bluffs— On the Iron-clads— Running the Gauntlet— Other Services- Mustered Out— Cuyahoga Members— The Sixtieth Infantry— An Incomplete Regimen1^-In the Wilderness— Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor— Petersburg, Etc.— Losses— List of Cuyahoga County Men. FIFTY-FOURTH Il^fFANTRY. A MAJORITY of Company H (fifty-four men) was the contribution of Cuyahoga county to tJie Fifty- fonrth Infantry. The regiment was raised during the autumn of 1861 and the following winter. It went to Kentucky in February, 1862, and the follow- ing month ascended the Tennessee to Pittsburg Landing, and, being in General Sherman's division, encamped near Shiloh Church. It was hotly engaged on both the 6th and 7th of April; a hundred and ninety-eight men being reported as killed, wounded and missing. After taking joart in the capture of Corinth, and after numerous marches in southwestern Tennessee and northern Mississippi, the Fifty-fourth went down the Mississippi river in December, 1862, and partici- pated in the assault on Chickasaw Bluffs; being repulsed with a loss of twenty men killed and wounded. It was also a part of the command which captured Arkansas Post. The Fifty-fourth was active in all the arduous marches and hard fighting which resulted in the cap- ture of Vieksburg; having forty-seven killed and wounded in the assaults made on the rebel works on the 19th and 32d of June. It remained mostly at Vieksburg ur.til October, 1863, when it moved to 15 a Chattanooga. It helped to achieve the great victory of Mission Ridge, and was a part of the devoted band which, with half rations of food and less than half supplied with clothing, by means of forced marches in inclement weather succeeded in raising the siege of Knoxville. After re-enlisting as a veteran regiment and taking the usual furlough, the Fifty-fourth engaged in the Atlanta campaign. It was in the conflicts at Resaca and Dallas, and lost twenty-eight killed and wounded in the assault on Kenesaw Mountain. In the battle before Atlanta, on tlie 21st and 22d of July, 1864, the regiment lost ninety-four, killed, wounded and missing. After the fall of Atlanta the Fifty-fourth marched down to the sea, and took part in the capture of Fort McAllister, near Savannah. It marched through the Carolinas with Sherman, fighting whenever necessary. In June, 1865, the regiment was sent to Arkansas, but in August was mustered out, brought home to Ohio and disbanded. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. John F. Cutler, enr. as Sergt. May 30, 1861, Co. C, 33d Regt. Promoted to 3d Lieut. July 33, 1861. Res. Sept. 22, 1861, Re-enl, as priv, Co, H, 54th Regt, Jan, 4, 1862. App, 1st Sergt. Feb. 8, 1862. Prom, to 2d Lieut. Aug. 19, 1863, to 1st Lieut. Nov. 27, 1863, and to Adjt. Oct. I, 1864. Mustered out at end of term Jan. 4, 1865. COMPANY H. Henry Richardson, enr. 8d Lieut. Co. D, 28d Inf. May 30, 1861. Transf. to Co. B. Made Capt. Co. H, 54th Inf. Feb. 1, 1862. Resigned Dec. II, 1862. Silas W. Potter, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 19, 1861. Disch. Aug. 19, 1862. George W. Browning, enl. Dec. 20, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Feb. 5, 1862, and to 1st Lieut Aug. 19, 1863. Resigned Feb. 13, 1863. Seaman M.Bauder, enl. Dec. 28, 1861, Appointed Sergt, Feb. 8, 1863. Promoted to 8d Lieut. July 15, 1862. Resigned March 30, 1863. Isaac B. Seeley, enl. Jan. 7, 1862. Appointed Sergt. Feb. 8, 1863. Oscar Pearsons, enl. Jan. 1, 1862. Appointed Sergt. Feb. 8, 1862. Lyman McGath, enl. Jan. 85, 1662. Appointed Corp. Feb. 8, 1862. Hugh Moncrief, enl. Dec. 28, 1861. Appointed Corp. Feb. 8, 1862. William Stevens, enl. Dec. 28, 1861. Appointed Corp. Feb. 8, 1863, Felix Monroe, enl, Jan, 6, 1862. Appomted Corp, Feb. 8, 1863. Isaac Travis, enr. as Musician Dec. 22, 1861. Joseph Richardson, enl, Dec. 20, 1861. Richard Allen, enl. Dec. 31, 1861. William Alexander, enl. Jan. 6, 1862, Charles Ambrose, enl. Jan, 17, 1863, Charles Bennett, enl, Jan, 4, 1863, Andrew J. Brewer, enl, Jan, 9, 1862, Jacob Berschimer, enl, Jan, 15, 1863, Charles Dalley, enl. Jan. 7, 1863. John Devine, enl. Jan. 20, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 20, 1864. Taken prisoner July 22, 1864. Disch. June 19, 1865. George F. Gale, enl. Jan. 8, 1862. Isaac Guinter, enl. Dec. 28, 1861. Thomas Gahan, enl. Jan. 23, 1862. James Hudson, enl. Dec. 28, 1B61, George W, Hoag, enl, Dec, 24, 1861. Mustered out at end of term March 82, 1865. Patrick Hart, enl. Jan. 10, 1863, Alfred L, Jago, enl, Jan. 4, 1862. Horace Knapp, enl. Jan. 8,. 1863, James Kinkaid, enl. Dec. 34, 1861. JohnKenney, enl. Jan. 12, 1862. James Lytle, enl. Jan. 10, 1863. Hoxie Lamphear, enl. Feb, 3, 1863, Reuben Mitchell, enl, Jan. 10, 1862. William Maloy, enl. Jan. 6, 1662. John Maples, enl. Jan. 4, 1863. John Mead, enl. Jan. 16, 1863, John Nelson, enl, Jan, 6, 1868, Hugh Nelson, enl, Jan. 6, 1863, Frederic Nicola, enl. Jan. 33, 1862. 118 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Charles Olmsted, enl. Dec. 27, 1861. Albert Parmenter, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Josepb Rixinger, enl. Jan. 30, 1868. Lawrence Eixinger, enl. Jan. 7, 1863. Roger Ryan, enl. Jan. 7, 1862. Jackson Smith, enl. Jan. 4, 1862. John Skeene, enl. Jan. 12, 1862. John Sandy, enl. Jan. 7, 1863. John Tieman, enl. Jan. 4, 1862. William H. Vaughn, enl. Jan. 6, 1862. Wallace Wass, enl. Dec. 21, 1861. Jonathan Wlnslow, enl. Jan. 7, 1862. FIFTY-FIFTH IJSTFANTRY. COMPANY D. Charles Stillman, enl. Sept. 18, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergeant Oct. 20 1861 ; to 2d Lieut. Oct. 2, 1862. Resigned March 10, 1864. FIFTY-EIGHTH IlfFANTRY. This was a German regiment, raised in the autumn of 1861 and the following winter, and containing eighty-three men from Cuyahoga county, scattered through six companies, from E, with twenty-five men, down to P, with five. It was sent to the front early in February, 1862, and had the distinction of being the only regiment with a Cuyahoga representa- tion which took part in the capture of Fort Donelson. Arriving at the scene of conflict on the 13th of Feb- ruary, after a fatiguing march, the soldiers bivouacked in sight of the fort, slept soundly, and the next morn- ing found themselves covered with three inches of snow. Shaking oflE the snow, the men moved forward. The enemy came out of his works and attacked them, but was driven back into his intrench men ts with heavy loss. The Fifty-eighth then held its position till night. On the 16th the fort surrendered. Proceeding up the Tennessee, the regiment went into the battle of Pittsburg Landing on the 7th of April, and was warmly engaged until the en«my- retreated; its loss being nine killed and forty-three wounded. After serving principally on the Mississippi during the summer and autumn of 1862, the Fifty-eighth went with Sherman's army to Chickasaw Bluffs, where it charged the rebel works most gallantly; being the first to reach the line of rifle pits. Like the rest of the command, it was driven back, however; having nearly half its number killed and wounded. This defeat was partially compensated by the capture of Arkansas Post, in which the Fifty-eighth took part. It was then placed by detachments on various iron- clad steamers, where it did good service along the rivers; being on the fleet which achieved the exciting feat of running past the blazing batteries of Vicks- hurg on the occasion of Grant's movement to the rear of that stronghold. The regiment landed at Grand Gulf, and lost heavily in the battle which was fought there; afterwards taking part in the various expedi- tions in Louisiana. From September, 1863, till De- cember, 1864, it was on provost duty at Vicksburg, and was then sent home and mustered out. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUlyTY. COMPANY A. Jacob Eggiman, enl. April 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co., Sept. 16, 1865. William Sohwandt, enl . May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY B. John Spaeth, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Promoted to Corporal March 1, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Dec . 34, 1864, and to 1st Sergt . June 1, 1855 . Mus- tered out with the Co. Sept. 16, 1865. Thomas Abel, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John G. Hammerly, enl. March 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George Kens, enl, March 30, 1861. Lost on the steamer Sultana April 27, 1865. August Matthews, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. David Schwinghatner, enl. March 27, 1861 Mustered out wirh the Co. John Schneider, enl. March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Suhmidt, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Fred Schwinghatner, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY c. John W. Hughes enl. March 19, 1864. Promoted to Asst. Surg. 48th Reg. U.S. A., Aug. 5,1864. George Butler, enl. March 19, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 16, 1865. Jacob Weber, enl, Feb. 27, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Charles E. McMahon, enl. Jan. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Berrick, enl . Feb. 22, 1864. Mustered with with the Co. Israel Beck, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Cummings, enl. Feb. 29, 1364. Mustered out with the Co. George P. Dahash, enl. Feb. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Julius Haines, enl. March 13, 1864. Muste:ed out with the Co. George Haislet, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Klein, enl. Feb. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Keaver, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Matthew Lawless, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Mustered outwith the Co. Charles Lutz, enl. garch 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Sander, enl. Feb. 29, 1864, Mustered outwith the Co. Henry Schlattmeyer, enl. Feb. 17, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Wolfkammer, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Mustered with the Co. Walter Heffron, enl. March 28, 1864. Died at Vicksburg. Miss., July 7, 1864. John Wurster, enl. Feb. 3, 1864. Died at Cairo, 111., L'ec. 1, 1864. COMPANY D. Jacob Elmer, enr. as Musician Deo. 26, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 14, 1865. Andrew Walter, enl. Dec. 31, 1861. Disch. Nov. 28, 1863. John C. Bauer, enl. March 31, 1864. Lost on the steamer Sultana, Aprij 27, 1865. Henry Cornell, enl. March 16, 1S64. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 16, 1865. George J. Kohner, enl. March 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Mohr, enl. March 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Peck, enl, Feb. 26, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 16, 1865. William Sheehan, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Palmer, enl. March 5, 1864. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., July 30, 1864. COMPANY E. Robert Specht, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 8, 1862; and to 2d Lieut. Sept. 21, 1862, Resigned Deo, 26th, 1863. Charles Stoppel, enl. Dec. 9. 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 7, 1863; to 2d Lieut. Nov. 14, 1863; and to 1st Lieut. May 35, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jan. 14th, 1865. Henry Manzelman, enl . Oct . 39, 1861 . Promoted to 1st Sergt . Mustered out with the Co. Adolph Manzelman, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered outwith the Co. William Holtz, enl. Oct. 38, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Emanuel Schadler, enl. Nov. 16, 1861,. Wounded at Shiloh April 7, 1863 and sent to the Gen, Hosp . Henry Wurtinghauser, enr. as Musician Oct. 36, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Dill, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Disch. for disability Sept. 19, 1862. Philip Boade, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Lost on the steamer Sultana, April 27, 1865. Charles A. Bolin, enl. Dec, 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Chandler, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Transferred to the Invalid Corps March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Conrad Frodrith, enl. Jan 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Hugh Hart, enl . Nov. 30, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Hugo, enl. Jan. 6, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Benjamin Lewis, enl. Jan 36, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Mullen, enl. Nov. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Michael O'Morrow, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. FIPTY-FOUKTH AND OTHBE INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 119 Friedrioli Rentz, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Euth, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Alfred Symes, eul. Jan. 14, 1861. Promoted Corp. March 1, 1865. Mus. tered out with the Co . Henry Stockinger, enl. Oct. 21, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 8, 1862. Killed in action on board gunboat near Liverpool, Miss., May 23, 186-1 Joseph Faad, enl. Oct. 12, 1861. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., Aug. 10, 1863. John Fathschild, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Died at Cleveland, O , Aug. 17, 1863. Gottlieb Meyer, enl. Oct 11, 1861. Died at Vickstuig, Miss., Aug. 13, 1882. John Spatholtz, enl. Oct. 27. 1861 Died at Camp Dennison, O., July 3, 1862. COMPANY F. John Burk, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 16, 1865. Solomon Bachmann, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John W. Simmons, enl. March 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. WiUiam H. Shepard, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Disch. Sept. 15, 1865. James Thomas, enl. March 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY li. Caspar Jung, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. , Mustered out with the Co. Jan. 14, 1865. Frederick Kramer, enl. Deo. 4, 1861 . August Wagner, enl. Oct. 25, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. JuUus Bauerle, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Disoh. for disability May 3, 1862. John Lee, enl. Nov. 19, 1861. .Disch. for disability Feb. 24, 1862. Peter Lehmann, enl. Oct. 17, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 34, 1862. John Prell, enl. Feb. 5, 1862. Disch. for disability caused by wounds. George Eisenhart, enl. Dec. 13, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 16, 1865. Emil Von LangendorS, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. John Eakowski, enl. Feb. 1, 1863. Disch. at end of term Feb. 15, 1865. Frederick Buehler, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Died in Hosp. near St. Louis, Mc June 2, 1862. Philip Leidich, enr. as Musician Oct. 14, 1861 . Died Jan. 31, 1863. Philip Lorch, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Died March 6, 1863. Charles Wesche, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Killed near Vicksburg Dec. 29, 1862. SIXTIETH INFANTRY. There was a one-year regiment bearing this number, raised in 1861, but no part of it was from Cuyahoga county. In the spring of 1864 a new regiment of three-year men was raised to which the vacant num- ber was assigned." When six companies were full they were sent to the front under a lieutenant-colonel. Two independent companies of sharpshooters were assigned. to it for duty, and two more companies of infantry joined it during the summer, but it was never full. One of the sharpshooter companies was raised principally in Berea and vicinity, under Captain W. L. Stearns. It finally became Company G- of the Sixtieth. In all there were one hundred and eighty- six men in the regiment from Cuyahoga county; sixty-seven in Company H, fifty-six in Company G, and forty-nine in Company E; besides a few each in A, D and I. The regiment reported to General Burnside, at Alexandria, Virginia, on the 24th of April, 1864, joined the army of the Potomac with him, and on the 5th of May first came under fire in the terrible battle of the Wilderness. The new soldiers bore themselves with distinguished courage in this awful ordeal, and were especially complimented for their gallantry in leading tlie advance at Mary's Bridge on the 9th of May; crossing the Ny river under a severe fire and driving the enemy from his position. The Sixtieth was also hotly engaged at Spottsylvania and North Anna, and when the deadly assault was made on the fortifications of Cold Harbor, the young regiment was there to take part. It did faithful service in the trenches before Petersburg, and suffered severely at Salem Mills and on the Weldon Railroad. During its year of service, eleven of the men from Cuyahoga county were killed in action; indicating that about seventy of those from that county were killed or wounded. A considerable number were also taken prisoners, of whom a large proportion died in the rebel prison at Salisbury. The Sixtieth was close up to the rebel works at Petersburg, and was the second regiment to enter that city on its evacuation by the rebels. It was mustered put in July, 1865. MKMBBKS FBOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Henry R. Stevens, enl. Capt. Co. H March 23, 1864. Promoted to Maj. June 86, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. July 28. 1865. William L. Stearns, enl. as 1st Sergt. 5th Co. Sharpshooters Oct. 21, 1862. Promoted March 15, 1864, to Capt. Co. G, 60th Inf., and to Maj. Aug. 16, 1864. Resigned April 18, 1865. Charles E. Ames, enl. as Sergt. April 18, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg. July 38, 1865. N0N-00MMISS[0NED STAFF. John D. Sohoonmaker, enl. March 31, 1864. App. Hosp. Steward May 16, 1864. Killed in action before Petersburg, Va. , March 29, 1865. Daniel Lechleittr. enl. Co. I May 3, 1864. Promoted to Com. Sergt. Deo. 1, 1864. Mustered out with Reg. COMPANY A. John Jamison, enl. Jan. 19, 1866. Mustered out July 24, 1865. James McGloan, enl. Jan. 6, 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865. COMPA.NY D. Edwin Cress, enl. Feb. 17, 1864, Co. G. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. June 1, 1864, and to 2qc1 Lieut. Co. D March 25, 1865. Resigned June 30, 1865. Christopher C. Gray, enl. Jan. 20, 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865. Dosson Pinch, enl. March 25, 1864. Died at Fairfax Seminary Hosp. May 15, 1864. John Hutchins, enl. March 23, 1864. Missing since action of June 17, 1864, in front of Petersburg, Va. COMPANY E. A. Q. Quintrell, enr. as 2nd Lieut. March 9, 1864. Promoted to Capt, April 18, 1864.' Missing since action of June 17, 1864, and thought to have been killed. Franklin Paine, Jr., enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. H March 16, 1864. Promoted Deo. 31, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. E, and to Capt. July 26, 1865. Mus- tered out with Reg. Benj. F. Taylor, enr. as Sergt. March 18, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Sick in Hosp. at Muster out. James A. Wilson, enr. as Sergt. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with Co. July 28, 1865. Robert Gillmore, enl. March 19, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with Co. Joseph Wilson, enl. March 28, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with Co. William J. Beatty, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with Co. Timothy Bacon, enl. March 31, 1864. Mustered out with Co. James W. Brouse, enl. April 12, 1864. Harvey Brouse, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry O. Brouse, enr. as Corp. March 33, 1864. William G. Carpenter, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Martin V. Fay, enl. April 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William G. Gillmore, enl. March 30, 1864. Peter McCabe, enl. March 26, 1864. Robert G. McElhaney, enl. March 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James S. Morrow, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Francis A. Priest, enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William W. Root, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out wit the Co. Horace C. Treat, enl. MarA .31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles A. White, enl. March 38, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Edward N. White, enl. March 31, 1864. Absent sick since May 9, 1864. Henry B. Farrar, enr. as Corp. March 18, 1864. Disch, May 26, 1865. Thomas H. Rex, enl. March 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Disch. June 6, 1865. George W. Jarvis, enl. March 31, 1864. Disch. for disability May 18, 1865. William S. Rogers, enl. March 28, 1864. Disch. Feb. 21, 1865. John R. Shaw, enl. March 28, 1864. Disoh. tor disability Deo. 12, 1864. Henry R. PefEers, enl. March 28. 1864. Disch. June 22, 1864. 120 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Ephraim W. Moss, enl. March 31, 1864, Disch. May 30, 1865. Jam33 Johnston, enl. March 28, 1864. Disoh. July 9, 1865. William H. Farrand, enl. March 24, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. July 15 1864, and to 2nd Lieut. Co. I, March 25, 1863. Edward C. Stevens, enl. March 30, 1864. Transf . to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 16, 1864. JohnD Schoonmaker. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) Gordon H. Better, enr. as Musician March 16, 1864. Died in Hosp. Sept. 26, 1864. „ . ,. , Philip Ruclile, enl. March 20, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Killed before Petersburg, Ta., June 17, 1864. Frank R. Beardsley, enl. March 21, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died of wounds at City Point, Va., Aug. 12, 1864. Arthur J. Parkis, enr. as Corp. March 15, 1864, Died in Hosp. Aug. 1, •1864. George B. Pritchard, enl. March 28, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died Jan. 19 1865, in rebel prison at Salisbury, N. C. Samuel Marks, enl April 12, 1864. Missing since action of June 17, 1864 and supposed killed. Nelson R. Stevens, enl. March 28, 1864. Killed before Petersburg, Va., Aug. 8, 1864. COMPANY G. Norman D. Meaeham, enr. as 1st Lieut. Feb. 26, 1864. Prom, to Capt. Nov. 6, 1864. Mustered out .July 3, 1865. Orlando W. Haynes, enr. as Corp. Feb. 22, 1864. Promoted to 2d Lieut. March 18, 1865, and to 1st Lieut. July 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 28. 1865. Ira W. Wallace, enr. as Corp. Feb. 17, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergeant. Mustered out with the Co . Henry M. Klrkpatrick. enr. as Corp. Feb. 17, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis S. Thompson, enr. as Corp. Feb. 16, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co . Porter M. Weylie, enr. as Corp Jan. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Ames, enl . March 31, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Solomon H. Lee, enl. Feb. 22, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out w,th the Co. William Sums, enl. March 31, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Edgar M. Reublin, enl. Jan. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co . John Albers, enl . Jan. 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co . John Davis, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James R. Estminger, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ely Fry, enl. Feb. 3, 1861. William H. Judkins, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Sent to Hosp. Aug. 6, 1864. Walter Lewis, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Lacy, enl. Feb. 29 1864. Accidentally wounded. Ferdinand Lord, enl. March 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Lyman H. Luke, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Wagoner, enl. Feb. 13. 1864. Wounded May 2, 1864. Henry Wagner, enl. Feb. iS, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Philip Warner, enl. Feb. 29. 1864. George H . Walberry, enl . Feb . 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co . Sidney E. Wright, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Mustered outwith the Co. William Ames, enl. March 31, 1864. Disch for disability May 33, 1865. Stephen W. Harrington, enl. Feb, 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Dlsch. for disability May 24, 1865. John H. Curtiss, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865. William C, Curtiss, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out June 22, 1865. Edward Gray, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Disoh. for disability June 13, 1865. Alfred Herold, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Wilbur F. Hildreth, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865. Elmer G. Lacy, enl. Feb. 39, 1864. Disch. for disability. Roswell B. Moore, enl. March 39, 1864. Disch. for disability May 24, 1865 Thomas D. Miller, enl. Jan. 28, 1864. Disch. for disability March 20. 1865. Avery Peabody, enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 17, 1864. James H. Powers, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Disch. for disability June 6, 1865. Grenville Thorp, enl March 29. 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 8, 1864. J ohn Foster, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Transf, to Vet. Res. Corps March 15, 1865. William Pickett, enl. March 31, 1864. Transf to Vet. Res. Corps. Lewis R. Willey, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 15, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Died April 2. 1865. from woimds rec'd in action. William W. Wilder, enr as Corp. Jan. 18, 1864. Died of wounds March 13, 1865, at City Point, Va. John K McReynolds. enr. as Corp. Jan. 8, 1864. Died of wounds Dec 17, 1864. Wilbur F. Detchon, enl. Feb. 29. 1864. Died of wounds Aug. 16, 1864. Lyman R. Hamilton enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Died in Hosp. June 5, 1864. Benj. F. Hoffman, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Died of wounds March 26, 1865, at Baltimore, Md. William E. Jackson, enl. March 29, 1864. Died at City Point, Va., June 20, 1865. Benj. F. Purine, enl, Jan. 27, 1864. Killed in action May 25, 1865. John Schopp, enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Died in reb el prison at Salisbury, N. C. Feb. 37, 1865. Hiram Sippy, enl. March 4, 1864. Died in rebel prison at Salisbury, N. C.,Nov. 3, 1864. PhineasJ. Vanness, enl. March 15, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, Aug. 34, 1864. Henry Cooper, enl. Jan. 32, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. July 38. 1865. Edward G. Disbro, enr. as Corp. Dec. 18. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Gassner, enl Jan. 22. 1864. Mustered out June 3, 1865. Charles E. Sutton, enl. Jan. 22, 1864. Died Aug. 15, 1864, at Fort Schuy- ler, N. Y. Walter Yarham, enl. Jan, 22, 1864. Died by reason of wounds. Henry R. Stevens, enr. as Capt. March 23, 1864. (See Field and Staff.) John H. Miller, enr. as Sergt March 28, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. July 28, 1865. Elmer J. Bennett, enl. March 17, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. Orrin Jewell, enr. as Corp. Feb. 39, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co . Thomas Baker, enl. March '22, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the -Co. Charles J. Green, enr. as Corp. March 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. ' Richard Bond, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Roy, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Babcock, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew J Taylor, enl. Feb. 37, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Reg. Albert Albertson, enl. March 7, 1864. Promoted to Corp Mustered out with the Co. Rinaldo Baxter, enl. March 11, 1864. Left sick in Hosp. May 12, 1864. Albert M. Bishop, enl. March 23, 1864. Was taken prisoner and paroled. William Canfleld, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Doty, enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John S. Durgin, enl. March 83, 1864. Mustered out with the C James Gregory, enl Feb. 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Aden Grover, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Emory G. Hardy, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Levi Leggett, enl. April 4, 1864. Mustered out with th" Co. George W. Phelps, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Reuben Pooler, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Reiner, enl March 28, 1864. Wounded and sent to Hosp. May 12, 1864. Charles Rhode, enl. March 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Roche, enl. March 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles D, Scott, enl. JIarch 17, 1864. Taken prisoner Aug. 31, 1864, and escaped in March, 1865. George ShefEer, enl. March 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles W. Stanhope, enl. March 31. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Robert F. Thompson, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Missing since action of Aug. 31, 1864. Amasa G. Taft, enr. as Corp. March 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel Tucker, enl. April 18, 1864. Sick in Hosp. since April 39, 1864. William L. Truax, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Waterman, enl . Mar ch 34, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ephraim Wood, enl. March 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Franklin Paine, Jr., enr. as 1st Sergt. March 16, 1864. Promoted Deo 31. 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. E. Daniel L. Whipple, enl. March 11, 1864. Discharged for disability Oct. 20, 1864. Warren D. Belden, enl. March 30, 1864. Disch. June 8, 1865. Seymour Codding, enl. March 17, 1864. Disch. for disability Nov. 18, 1864. Isaac Elwell, enl. March 18, 1864. Disch. for disability Jan. 4, 1865. Homer C. Jewett, enl. Feb. 32. 1864. Disch. for disability Feb. 6, 1865. Peter Martin, enl. March 26, 1864. Disch June 5, 1865. Delos E. Manly, enl. March 31, 1864. Disch. June 5 1865. John R. Swartout, enl. March 4, 1864. Disch. May 31, 1865. Ezekiel B. Van Nostrand, enl. March 15, 1864. Disch. for disability Sept- 9, 1864. WilliamG. Waterman, enl. March 29, 1864. Disch. June 5, 1865. George H. Webster, enl. March 28, 1864. Disch. June 31, 1865. Charles D. Giberson, enr. as. Seigt. March 7, 1864. Killed at Salem Mills, Va , June 1, 1864. Henry W. Hardy, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 23, 1864. Died at Fredericksburg, Va., May 18, 1864, from wounds rec'd at battle of the Wilderness, May 6. John Bryan, enr. as Corp. March 7, 1864. Killed before Petersburg, Va., June 17, 1864. SIXTY-FIRST AND SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC. 121 John B. McAlvey, enr. as Corp. March 11, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, June 17, 1864. William H. Dunton, enr. as Corp. Feb. 23, 1864. Died in Hosp. Jan. 1, 1865. Nathaniel A, Shipman, enl. March 14, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 5, 1864. Harrison Bennett, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Killed at Salem Mills, Va. June 1, 1864. Horatio Storrs, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Died in prison at Salisbury. N. C, Jan. 24, 1865. Lawrence T. Pepoon, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Died at Philadelphia, Pa., July 24, 1864. from wounds rec'd before Petersburg July 7. Frederick Cheflin, enl Mareh 30, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Pe6. 29, 1864. Thomas W. Carpenter, enl. March 30, lf64. Died in prison at Salisbury N. C.,Nov. 2,1864. John A. Clague, enl. March 14. 1864. Died at Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 7, 1864. George E. Cowles, enl. March 18, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 3, 1854. Henry M. Eells, enl. March 22, 1864. Died in prison at Richmond, Va., Oct 8,1864. John W. Green, enl. March 22, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Dec. 13, 1864. James H. Hardy, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, June 21, 1864, from wounds rec'd before Petersburg, June 17. Charles Langton, Jr.. enl. March 84, 1864. Killed at Spottsylvania, Va., May 9, 1864. William Lewis, enl. March 11,1864. Killed before Petersburg. Va., June 17, 1864. George Moore, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 18, 1864. Arunah Norton, enl . March 19, 1864 . Died in prison at Salisbury, N C . , Nov. 3, 1864. * Alexander Wicks, enl. March 20, 1864. Disch. for disability June 17, 1865. COMPANY I. William H. faiTand, enl. Co. E, March 24, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. July 15, 1864; and to 2d Lieut. Co. I, March 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 28, 1865. George K. Alstadt, enl. May 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. and to Sergt. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 38. 1865. Milton D. Allen, enl. May 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Monroe Glick, enl. May T 1864. Mustered out with the Co . Peter C. Hine, enl. May 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel H. Brooks, enl. May 3, 1864. Diseh. May 23, 1865. William Buckheier, enl. April 18, 1864. Wounded Sept. 30, 1864. Frank Hickok, enl. April 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. July 28, 1865. Patrick Harrington, enl. April 18, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps, March 23, 1865. CHAPTER XXIV. SIXTY-FIRST, SIXTY-FIFTH AND SIXTY-SEVENTH IHFANTEY. Cuyahoga in the Sixty-first— Its First Fight— Second Bull Run— Pro- tecting Washington— Chancellorsville— Gettysburg— To the Army of the Cumberland— Fight in Wauhatchie Valley, Etc.— Resaca— Hard Battle at Peachtree Creek— Guarding Bridges— Down to the Sea- Through the Carolinas— Consolidated— Mustered Out— Members from Cuyahoga— The Sixty-flfth and its Cuyahoga Men— In Kentucky, Mississippi, Etc.- After Bragg— Wading Stone River— An Eight Hours Battle— Chickamauga— The Atlanta Campaign— Mention of the Battles— Large Percentage of Losses— In Texas— Mustered Out- List of Cuyahoga County Men— Forty-fifth and Sixty-seventh Consoli- dated— Cuyahoga in the Sixty-seventh— In Virginia— Gallant Conduct at Winchester— Numerous Skirmishes -Port Royal and Port Republic —A Gale at Sea— A fourth of July Battle— In South Carolina— A Seven Months Siege— Forty Days under Fire— Storming Wagner— Desperate Courage— Capture of Wagner— Veteran Furlough— Battle of Chester Station— Ware Bottom Church— Under Fire for Months- Storming the Works at Signal Hill— Other Fights— Reviewed by President Lincoln- Storming Fort Gregg— Appomattox— Summer Duty— Out in December —List of Cuyahoga's Representatives. SI.XTY-FIRST INFANTRY. This regiment, which contained members from almost every county in the State, had thirty-nine from Cuyahoga county in Company D, and three in Com- 16 pany 6. It joined Fremont's army in June, 1863; soon afterwards passing under the command of Pope, and having its first fight at Freeman's Ford, on the Rappahannock in July, 1862. It also had a sharp con- flict at Sulphur Springs on the 23d and 24th of August, and another on the 25th at Waterloo Bridge. At the second Bull Run battle it was warmly engaged for a short time ; having twenty-five killed and wounded. It was not broken up, like so many regi- ments, in that battle, and aided in covering the retreat of Pope's demoralized army. During the subsequent operations of that year the regiment was part of the reserve held for the protection of Wash- ington. After lying in winter quarters for several months, the Sixty-first moved south with Hooker and was actively engaged in the disastrous battle of Chan- cellorsville, where it had four officers wounded, and five men killed and about thirty wounded. Its next battle was Gettysburg, v/here it was sent forward on the skirmish line and was driven back with heavy loss. It then took a position on Cemetery Hill, which it held till the victory was won. In September, 1863, the Sixty-first went with the Twelfth Corps to the Army of the Cumberland. On the night of the 28th of October it was engaged in a brisk fight in the Wauhatchie valley, driving the rebels across Lookout creek. On the 23d and 25th of November, it was engaged in the battles of Look- out Mountain and Mission Ridge. After remaining at Bridgeport through the winter and enjoying a veteran furlough in March, 1864, the Sixty-first set out early in May on the Atlanta cam- paign. It V;'as twice sharply engaged near Resaca, and again at Dallas on the 25th of May, when twenty- three of the men were killed and wounded. After numerous skirmishes, and a sharp fight near Kenesaw Mountain, it crossed Peachtree creek with Hooker's corps on the 20th of July, and engaged the enemy. The latter made a furious effort to drive it back across the creek, but was repulsed with heavy loss. Ninety- five officers and men of the Sixty-first were killed and woumled. After this, the regiment was on duty in the rear, guarding bridges, etc., until after the cap- ture of Atlanta. The regiment then marched with Sherman to the sea and through the Carolinas. At Goldsboro, North Carolina, it was consolidated with the Eighty-second Infantry; the name of the latter being retained by the combined force. The Eighty-second was mus- tered out about the 1st of September, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CDYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY n. John D. Bothwell, enr. as Capt. Feb. 10, 1862. Res. Dec. 23, 1863. James Armstrong, enr. as 1st Lt. Feb. 10, 1862. Res. Dec. 23, 1863. George H. Williams, enr. as Sergt. March 28, 1862. Disch. George Morrison, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 25, 1868. Disch. Charles W. Foster, enr. as Sergt. March 23, 1862. Disch. George M. Pell, enr. as Sergt. March 3, 1868. Disch. March 14, 1863. John Savoy, enr. as Corp, March 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1862 Henry Jenkins, enr. as Corp. Feb, 24, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 10, 1862. Transf. to 82d Reg. March 31, 1865. Must, out July 14, 1865. Ui GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Edward G, Ranney, enr. as Corp. March 14, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Killed at Gettysburg July 3, 1863. Richard Evans, enr. as Musician March 3, 1862. Disch. April 27, 1863. Charles C. Armstrong, enl. March 31, 1862. Diseh. Oct. 6, 1863. George Barrett, enl. April 2d, 1862. Disch. March 12, 1863. Philip W. Bradford, enl. March 3, 1802. Disch . July 9, 1862. Squire Hallas, enl March 7, 1863. Jacob Haller, enl. March .3, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1862. Died in Hosp. Nov. 28, 1883. William H. Holley, enl. March 22, 1863. Died June 13, 1865. George Lambacker, enl. March 1, 1862. Transf . to 83d Reg. March 31. 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865. George W. Mains, enl. April 2, 1862. Disch. April 29, 1863. Edward McCue, enl. March 20, 1863. Neal McCuUough, enl. March 31, 1862. Disch. Oct. 18, 1863. Bernard McGouldrick, enl. March 31, 1862. John Mclntyre, enl. March 3, 1852. Disch. Sept. 1, 1863. Patrick McGuire, enl. March 12, 1863. Promoted to Corp. March 15, 1863. Patrick Murphy, enl. March 14, 1863. Disch. George W. Nugent, enl. March 6, 1863. Conrad Reich, enl. March 3, 1862. Died in Hosp. Jan. 18, 1864. William Eitter, enl. April 1, 1862. Died in Hosp. March 21, 1863. Comfort Ranney, enl. April 2, 1863. Jacob Schnurer, enl. March 7, 1862. Disch. June 15, 1865. Edmond C. Sprague, enr. as Musician April 3, 1862. Transf. to 82d Reg. March 31, 1865. Mustered out July 24. 1865. Alfred G. Thompson, enl. March 14, 1862. Missing since Oct. 28, 1864. Lucius Try on, enl. March 13, 1862. Smith Tryon, enl. March 13, 1862. George Voght, enl. March 32, 1863. Albert White, eni. March 7, 1863. John White, enl. .\pril 2, 1862. Transf. to 82nd Reg. March 31, 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865. A. H. Williams, enl. March 34, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1862. Killed at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Ransom White, enl. April 1, 1862. Died at Washington, D. C, Sept. 1, 1862. Robert Wright, enl. March 17, 1882. Died near Stafford Court House, Va., March 6, 1863. Charles Wucherer, enl. March 26, 1862. Wounded at Freeman's Ford, Va., Aug. 22, 1863. Transf. to 82nd Reg. March 31, 1865. Mustered out July 24, 1865 COMPANY G. Thomas Costello, enl. Feb. 10, 1862. John Higgins, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Michael Nolan, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Disch. March 31, 1863. SIXTY-SECOND INFANTRY. FIELD AND STAFF. Augustus C. Barlow, enr. as Surgeon March 10, 1863. Appointed Bre- vet Lieut. Col. March 13, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 1865. SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. This regiment, which was mustered into seiTice on the Ist day of December, 1861, contained sixty-nine Cuyahoga men in Company E, twenty-nine in Com- pany I and three in Company C. It served in Ken- tucky through the winter, and in April, 1863, was present at the battle of Pittsburg Landing but was not actively engaged. The regiment was on service in northern Mississippi and Alabama and southern Tennesse until August, when it marched to Kentucky in pursuit of Bragg. At the battle of Stone Eiver, the Sixty-fifth crossed the river with its brigade on the night of the 29th of December, the men often in the water to the armpits, while the enemy was plying them with a heavy fire in front. They formed line on the farther bank, but as the supports did not come up the brigade was ordered to retire. The brigade was not actively engaged the next day, but on the morning of the 31st it was ordered to support McCook's corps, which was being driven back. It was hotly engaged for eight hours, and its eflorts were at last crowned with vic- tory. It had three officers and thirty-eight men killed, and seven officers and a hundred and six men wounded. Remaining in the vicinity till June, 1863, the regi- ment advanced with Eosecrans and in September fought at Chickaniauga. It was in reserve nearly all the first day, but on the second fought long and with varying success; sharing at length, however, in the defeat of the whole army. It had three officers and thirteen men killed, and five officers and sixty men wounded. At Mission Eidge the Sixty-fifth had fifteen men killed and wounded. The Atlanta campaign was hardly less than a long battle, and the Sixty-fifth was as continuously engaged as any regiment whose records we have observed. At Eesaca it had twenty-eight killed and wounded; at Dallas, six; at Marietta, twelve; at Kenesaw twelve; at Peachtree creek, four. After the capture of Atlanta the Sixty-fifth moved vnorth in pursuit of Hood, and on the 29th of Novem- ber took part in the battle of Springfield, Tennessee; having twenty-seven officers and men killed and wounded. The next day, in the battle of Franklin, it had twenty-three killed and wounded. These numbers do not look large, but really rep- resented a large percentage of the regiment; for, after the discharge of the non-veterans on the 3rd of Octo- ber, it contained only a hundred and thirty men. This squad of war-worn soldiers remained at Nashville until June, 1865, when it went to Texas. It served there until December, and was mustered out at Co- lumbus ou the 3d of January, 1866. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Horatio N. Whitbeck, enr. as 3d Lieut. Co. E, Oct. 2, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Nov. 2, 1861; to Major Oct. 7, 1862, and to Lieut. Col. April 3,1863. Wounded at Stone River Dec. 31, 1863, at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. and at Kenesaw Mt. June 37, 1864. Disch. for disa- bility caused by wounds Aug. 16, 1865. Wilbur F. Hinman, enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. E, Oct. 13, 1861 . Promoted to 1st Lieut. Feb. 7, 1862; to Capt Co. F, June 37, 1864; to Maj. Oct. 10, 1865, and to Lieut. Col. Nov. 4, 1865. Wounded at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out with Reg. William H. Massey, Oct. 16, 1861. Transf. to 65th Inf. and made 2d Lieut. June 3, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut. andAdj'tFeb. 7,1863. Died April 7, 1863, of wounds rec'd at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Thomas Powell, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. E, Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Dec. 1, 1862; appt. Reg. Chaplain July 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. James P. Mills, enl. Oct. 24, 1861, Co. E. Promoted to Com. Sergt. May 1, 1863, and to Q . M. Sergt. Aug. 1, 1864, Mustered out with the Reg. Melville C, Porter, enl. Co. E, Nov. 1. 1861. Promoted to Sergt. May 1, 1863, to Pr. Musician Jan. 1, 1864, and to Sergt Maj. April 6, 1865. Mustered out with Reg. Nov. 30, 1865, COMPANY c. M. W. Dickerson, enl. March 30, 1864. Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1864. Disch. for disability June 32, 1865. Charles C. Files, enl. March 31, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, 0., Jan. 25, 1865. George Gilger, enl. March 16, 1864. Disch. at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 28. 1864. COMPANY E. George N. Huekins, enl. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 16, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Feb. 26. 1863. Died at Nashville April 3, 1862. Wilbur F. Hauxhurst, enl. March 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1, 1865. SIXTY-FIRST AND SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC. 123 Daniel H. Perry, enl. March 25, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 30, 1865. Wilbur F. Hinman. (See Fieldand Staff.) Ansel Athei-ton. enl. October 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864, and to Sergt. March 1, 1865. Mustered out at end of term Oct. 13, 1865. Eoyal Edson, enl. Oct. 28, 1862. Mustered out June 20, 1865. Robert S. Hudson, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Mustered out at end of term Oct. 29, 1865. Wallace Walrath, enl. Dec. 25, 1'63. Wounded at Reseca, Ga., May 15, 1864. Disch. for disability soon after. Hiram A. Vaughn, enl March 23, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 23, 1865, MichaelTurney, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1, 1865. Lett sioi in Hosp. at New Orleans. George C. Thompson, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864. Killed at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1864. Edward G. Powell, enr. as Corp. Oct. 9, 1861 . Transf. to Co. F. Thomas Powell . (See Field and Staff . ) Thoma's Tompkins, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 9, 18B1. George Clement, enr. as Corp. Oct. 9, 1861. Winfleld S. Cady, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. George Lee, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. William H. Money, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. George W. Need, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Edward Stanley, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. John T. Mansell, enl. Oct. 22, 1861 . Romanzo Smirt, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Thomas Clayne, enr. as Corp. Oct. 18, 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 1, 1862, and to 1st. Sergt. Jan. 1, 1865. Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 28, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 30, 1865. Oliver Simmons, enl. Nov. 2, 1861. Promoted to Corp- Oct. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co Nov. 30, 1865. Joseph H. Willsey, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 9, 1861. Transf. to Co. G. Peter Gassner, enl. Oct. 4, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864, and to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out at end of term Oct. 4, 1865. Edwin Crocker, enl. Oct. 18, 1861. Wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Thomas Kelley, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Lost on the Sultana April 27, 1865. Charles Hanckerson, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Captured at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Lost on the Sultana April 27, 1865. Jacob Keeler, enl . Oct. 19, 1861. Captured at Chickamauga, Sept. 20, 1863. Died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 22, 1864. Simeon S. Cannift, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 5, 1861. John Cooper, enr. as Corp. Oct. 5, 1861. WriUiam Clark, enr. as Corp. Oct 24, 1861. George Hepburn, enr. as Corp. Oct. 15, 1861. John F. Euss, enr. as Corp. Oct. 22, 1861. John N. Baumbah, enl. Oct. 10, 1861. Thomas C. Ault. enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Truman Drake, enl. .Oct. 5, 1861. Jacob Dibert, enl. Oct. 9, 1861 . Henry S. Daggett, enl. Nov. 6, 1861. James Fitzgerald, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Wilbur F. Hulet, enl. Oct. 19, 1861. William Johnson, enl. Oct. 29, 1861. MarstonV. B. Knowles, enl. Oct. 8, 1861. Russell Lewis, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. Julius Lefflngwell, enl. Oct. 22, 1861 . William Leinakar, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. William H. Leinakar, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Lawrence Myer, enl. Oct. 19. 1861. James P. Miller. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) Charles H. Nickerson, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. William Pumphrey, enl. Oct. 18, 1861. Stanley G. Pope, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. James O. Pague, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Frederick Shreat, enl. Oct 24, 1861. David D. Schaub, enl. Nov. 9. 1861. Louis Schneider, enl. Nov. 6, 1861, William J. Yarham, enl. Oct. 5, 1861. Thomas C. Aldrich, enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Transf. ;to Band. Disch. May 17, 1862. George A. Whitney, enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Transf. to Band. Disch. May 17, 1862. Charles Y. Wheeler, enl. Oct. 24, 1861. Transf. to Band, uisch. May 17, 1862. Horatio N. Whltbeck. (See Field and Staff.) Herman Hance, enl. Oct. 31, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Nov. 1, 1864. Wounded at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 28, 1864. Left in Hosp. at Jef- fersonville. Ind. George Day, enl. Oct. 22, 1861 . Coprad Killimer, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Transf. to Dep. of Engineers July 8, 1864 George W. Stevens, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. William Williams, enl. Oct. 23, 1861. Melville C. Porter. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) Daniel Wolfe, enl. Oct. 23, 1861. COMPANY F. Edward G. Powell, enr. as Corp. Co. E. Oct. 9,' 1861. Promoted to Sergt, Dec. 1, 1862; to 1st Sergt. Oct. 1, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Co. F Deo. 8, 1864; and to Capt. Nov. 24, 1865. Mustered out with Reg. Nov. 30, 1865. COMPANY a. Joseph H. Willaey, enl. as Sergt. Co. E. Nov. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. Deo. 1, 1861; to 2d Lieut. March 10, 1863; to 1st Lieut. June 27, 1864; and to Capt. Co. G Oct. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. COMPANY I. Lucien B. Eaton, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct, 5, 1861 . Promoted to 1st Lieut. Nov. 22, 1861 ; acid to Capt. Jan. 28, 1863. Resigned May 18, 1865. Mark Bundy, enr as Goip. Nov. 2, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 30, 1865. Nicholas Eruch, enl. Oct. 11, 1861. Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co . Henry C. Ryder, enr. as Serg. Oct. 17, 1861 . Wounded at Stone River, Tenn., Deo. 31, 1862. Diseh. for disability. Fred. Adams, enl. Oct. 28, 1861 . Transf. to Vet, Pion'r Reg. Aug. 8, 1864. L. P. Strickland, enl. Oct. 21, 1861 . Transf. to Vet. Pioneer Rej. Aug. 8, 1864. Christopher Waller, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Captured at Chickamauga, Ga,, Sept. 20, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison Oct. 31, 1864. Philip H. Bader, enr. as 1st Sergt. Oct. 29, 1861, Peter Cashen, enr, as Corp. Oct. 14,- 1861 , WiUiam Kelly, enr. as Corp, Oct. 18, 1861. Jacob AUerton, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Peter Clark, enl. Oct. 14, 1861 , William Chant, enl. Oct. 8, 1861 , Samuel Cameron, enl. Nov. 20, 1861 . George Daggett, enl. Oct. 15, 1861 , John Desmond, enl. Oct. 21, 1861. William Franklin, enl. Nov. 19, 1861 . Franklin Hurt, enl. Nov. 23, 1861. Abel Knapp, enr. as Drummer Oct. 25, 1861. Cyrus Myers, enl. Nov. 11, 1861. James O'Halligan, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Patrick O'Harra, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Michael O'Neal, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Charles Renschkoll, enl, Oct. 19, 1661. Hiram Stevens, enl. Oct. 21, 1861 , Thomas Smith, enl. Nov. 9, 1861 . Henry Valelly, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. Taken prisoner, and paroled Sept. 37, 1863. Mustered out at end of term, Nov. 4, 1864, Robert Wade, enl. Oct. 35, 1861. Jacob Wisson, enl. Oct. 25, 1861, SIXTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. Two partially formed regiments, the Forty-fifth and Sixty-seventh, were consolidated in December, 1861, under the latter name. Company G was entirely composed of Cuyahoga county men, number- ing a hundred and seven during the war. Besides this. Company C had sixteen from that county, and Company D twenty-four; while there were a few each in Companies B, E, H, I and K — a hundred and six- ty-five in all. From a manuscript history of Company C, fui-nished by Captain George L. Childs, of Cleve- land, and from other sources, we have compiled the following sketch of the regiment : The Sixty-seventh went to northern Virginia in January, 1863, serving under Generals Lander and Shields at Paw-Paw Tunnel, and near Romney and Winchester, until spring. On the 32d and 23d of March it took part in the battle of Winchester; Colonel Kimberly being the immediate commander, though General Shields, who was wounded, was some distance away. On the second day the regiment moved three-fourths of a mile, on the double quick, across an open field, under a heavy fire, going into 134 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. action in this, its first serious battle, with the coolness of a Teteran command, and aiding materially to win the victory. Its loss was fifteen killed and thirty -two wounded. It was subsequently in numerous skir- mishes at Strasburg, Woodstock, Edinburg, Mt. Jackson, etc. After many long marches in northern Virginia, taking part in a sharp fight at Front Royal, and cov- ering the retreat of the Union army from- Port Repub- lic, the Sixty-seventh went down the Chesapeake in the latter part of June to help McClellan. On this trip it went through dangers as great as those of any battle field. The barge on which a part of the regiment was broke loose in a gale from the steamer which towed it, and tossed for an hour at the mercy of the waves; horses, arms, equipage, and evei? some men being washed overboard and lost. The command' then made its way to Harrison's Landing, and on the 4th of July the Sixty-seventh was attacked Just before daylight by a force of the enemy but soon repulsed it. After the army of the Potomac went north, this regiment remained at Suf- folk until January, 1863, when it was sent to Hilton Head, South Carolina. In May it proceeded to Cobb's Island, near Charleston, and for seven months was engaged in the seige of that place. For forty consec- utive days the regiment was under heavy fire. It led in the assault on Fort Wagner on the 18th of July; the Sixty-seventh and Sixty-second Ohio forcing their way into the fort in the face of a murderous fire, planting their colors on the parapet, and holding pos- session of a portion of the fortress for near ten hours. But all of the three brigade commanders present were killed or wounded, the position was commanded by . the enemy on the other side of the fort, fifteen hun- dred of the assailants were disabled, it was found im- possible to advance farther, and at length all were compelled to retreat. The regiment had about a hundred and seventy men killed and wounded. After six weeks more of siege, two-thirds of the time under fire, another assault was ordered on the 7th of. September, but when the column advanced the enemy was found to have fled. The regiment was soon ordered to Hilton Head, remaining there until February, 1864, when it went home on veteran fur- lough. On the 27th of April, 1864, the veterans of the Sixty-seventh appeared at Gloucester Point, Virginia. On the 4th of May they, with thousands of their comrades, on a fleet of transports, were threatening Richmond from the York river; but in twenty-four hours, by means of a long journey, they appeared on the south and seized on one of the strongest positions near Richmond. On the 10th of May, at the battle of Chester Station, the Sixty-seventh was on the turnpike from Richmond to Petersburg. The rebels made a general attack. The regiment held its posi- tion from flrst to last, despite of four desperate charges; having seventy-six officers and men killed and' wounded. At Ware Bottom Church, on the 20th of May, the Sixty-seventh captured by a charge a position which had been seized by the enemy; taking prisoner the rebel general, W. H. S. Walker, and a number of his men. The regiment had sixty-nine officers and men killed and wounded. During the summer the Sixty-seventh was engaged in the siege of Richmond and Petersburg, and almost, constantly under fire. At Deep river, on the 16th of August, four companies charged the rebel rifle pits, lost over a third of their men at the first volley, but captured the line. On the 28th of September the regiment with the Tenth army corps aided in carry- ing by assault the enemy's strong works, with double lines of abatis, at Signal Hill. It was also in severe fights on the 7th, 1.3th, 27th and 28th of October, with a loss of over a hundred men. During the winter it was not quite so steadily in action as through the summer, but endured unnum- bered hardships. In the spring of 1865 the Sixty-seventh, though depleted in numbers, was in high spirits and in good " trim;" The division to which it belonged (the First of the Twenty-fourth army corps) was reviewed by General Grant, Secretary Stanton, and finally by President Lincoln himself, and drew forth warm en- comiums from all those distinguished gentlemen. These praises were equally well deserved in the field. On the 2d of April the Sixty-seventh, with the rest of the Twenty-fourth army corps, assailed the enemy's works, capturing one after another, and at noon car- ried Fort Gregg by storm, after a furious hand to' hand combat, in which the regiment had over a hun- dred men killed and wounded in half an hour. Fort Gregg was the key of Petersburg and Richmond, which fell immediately afterward. The regiment was also actively engaged in the operations near Appo- mattox Court House, which resulted in the surrender of Lee and the collapse of the rebellion. It was on gai-rison duty in Virginia during the succeeding sum- mer and autumn, and was mustered out in December, 1865. MEMBEKS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Rodney J. Hathaway, enr. in Co. G, as 1st Sergt. Nov. 1, 1861, Pro- moted to 1st Lieut, and Adjt. March 34, 1864. Disoh. at end of term Nov. 15, 1864. Grove L. Heaton, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 10, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. andR. Q. M. May 2.3. 1863, and to Capt. and A. Q. M. April 10, 1864. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. NON-COMMISSIONED STAPP. Edward S. Allen, enr. as Musician Nov. 11, 1861. Promoted to Drum Major. WiUiam Sorge, enr. Dec. 17, 1861, Co. G. Prom, to Sergt. Wounded at Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863. Prom, to Sergeant Major Jan. 11, 1865. Wounded April 2, 1865. COMPANY B. Ebenezer Sumner, enl Dec. 16. 1863. Mustered out Deo. 7, 1865. WilUam Sumner, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Left in Hosp. at Philadelphia, May 1, 1864. COMPANY C. George L. Childs. enr. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 15, 1861. Prom, to 1st Lieut, and to Adj . Oct. 9, 1862, and to Capt. May 25, 1864. Wounded at Ft. Wagner July 18, 1863, and Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 7. 1665. SIXTY-FIRST AND SIXTY-FIFTH INFANTEY, ETC. 125 John L. McCormick, enl. Jan, 2, 1864, Promoted to Sergt. July 17, 1865. Jacob Hiller, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. . Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 7, 1865. Joshua Lovegrove, enl. Nov. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Miller, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Promoted to Corporal Feb. 18, 1864. Wounded near Petersburg, Apiil 2, 18C5. Disoh. for disability Aug. 26, 1865. Charles Ellis, enl. March 26, 1864. Wounded near Petersburg, April 2, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865. Rinaldo A. Gray, enl. Dec. 27, 1861 . Disch. for disability March 31, 1862. Andrew Krieger, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 27, 1865. Caleb Turner, enl. Oct. 28, 1861. Disch. for disability May 8, 1862. Charles Whitehead, enr. as musician Dec. 23, 1861. Disch. Oct. 10. 1862. George W. Young, enl. Oct. 19, 1881. Transf. to U. ' S . Navy April 2, 1864. John Fox, enl. Oct. 28, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Va., March 23, lib63. Peter Galvin, enl. Kov. 21, 1861. Died in Hosp. Oct. 6, 1862. Robert Teare, enl. Nov. 11, 1861. Killed at Winchester, Va., March 23, 1863. James Williams, enl. Dec. S6, 1861 . Transf. to Co. E. Jan. 7, 1862. James Watson, enl. Dec. 26, ]f,61. Transf. to Co. E Jan. 7, 1862. Charles Hornsey, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Promoted to lorp. Nov. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co . COMPANY D. George E. Herrimad, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 20, 1861 . Almon E. Baldwin, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 18, 1861. Wellington Smith, enr. as Corp. Dec. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Wounded May 10, 1864. John Goodman, enr. as Corp. Dec. 16, 1861. Seth Abrams, enl. Dec. 16, 1861. Jacob Bogardus, enl. Dec. 17. 1861. Patrick Corkins, enl. Dec 9, 1861. Taken prisoner at Deep Bottom, Va., Aug. 18, 1864. Jacob Gilbert, enl. Dec. 84, 1861. Edward Hawkins, enl. Deo. 9, 1861. Promoted to Corp. June ai, 1863; to Sergt. Aug. 30, 1864, and to 1st Sergt. March 37, 1865. Transf. to Co. B Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. John Hornsby enl. Dec. 2, 1861. John W. Henni, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. L. T. Hancock, enl. Deo. 23. 1861. John Jay, enl. Dec. 18, 1861. Tom Maher, enl. Nov. 28, 1861. Joseph Ryan, enl . Dec. 24, 1861 . Oliver Stafford, enl. Dec. 20. 1861. Joel Van, enl. Nov. 23. 1861. Henry C. Williams, enl. Nov. 20, 1861. William Wright, enl. Dec. 22. 1861. John Hood, enl. Oct. 21, 1864. Transf. to Co B Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out at end of term Oct. 26, 1865. Henry Johnson, enl. March S, 1864. Wounded Aug. 16, 1864, and sent to the Hosp. at Hampton, Va. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out Dec. 7, 1865. Michael O'Biien, enl. Oct. 11, 1864. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out at end of term Oct. 13, 1865. Thomas Rodgers, enl. Oct. 7, ^864. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out at end of term Oct. 9, 1865. William Mead, enl. Feb. 28, 1864. Wounded May 9, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 21, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. Frank Whitney, enl. Dec, 22, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June21, 186S. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. John Spencer, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Sent to Hosp. at Hampton, Va. Jan. 22,1865. Transf. to Co. B, Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. William Fitch, enl. Dec. 26, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 11, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Deo. 7, 1865. Hezekiah Canfleld, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Alexander Dic-k. enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Canfleld, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Disch. June 19, 1866, Josiah Silcox, enl. Jan. 7, 1864. Disch. Sept. 30, 1865. William Cattonach, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865. COMPANY Q. Valentine Heckman. enr. as 2d Lieut. Nov. 4, 1861. Promoted to Capt Dec. 18, 1861. Died at Strasburg, May 13. 1862. Alfred P. Girty, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 18, 1861. Promoted to Capt. May 13 1862. Resigned April 25, 1864. George Emerson, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 25, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut Co. F, May 26, 1862, and to Capt. July 1, 1863. Died May 23, 1864, from wounds rec'd May 20. Charles E. Minor, enr. as 1st Sergt. Nov. 18, 1861. Promoted to 2dLieui. Nov 19, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Feb. 18, 1864, and to Capt. March 18, 1865 Wounded at Fort Wagner, July 18, 1863, and Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Dec. 7, 1865. Edward I. White, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 18, 1861. Xenophon Wheeler, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 26, 1861. 16 a Sylvester W. Matscn, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 22, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt . Killed near Chester Station . Va. , May 9, 1864 . John J. Wittlinger, enr. as Corp. Nov. 5, 1861. Isaac H. Ba'ker, enr. as Corp. Nov. 10, 1861. Oscar Nicholas, enr. as Corp . Oct. 30, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Wounded at Fort Wagner, July IS, 1863. Ford W. White, enr. as Corp. Nov. 23, 1861. William H. Freeman, enr. as Corp. Nov. 2, 1861. Ira Stoddart, enr. as Corp. Dec. 10, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. May 1, , 1864, and to 1st Sergt. July 1, 1865. Michael Kullner, enr. as Corp. Oct. 30, 1861. Watson J. Parkinson, enr. as Corp. Nov. 7, 1861. Edward S. Allen. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) Lucian R. Thorp, enr. as Musician Dec. 23, 1861. Joseph Roiakkeis, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1861, and to Sergt. Jan. 11, 1865. Trans, to Co. C Aug. 3, 1665. Mustered out Dec. 7,1865. Frederick Anhalt, ^nl. Nov. 10, 1861. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. George W. Ackerson, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. John Barber, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Frederick Brodt, enl, Nov, 28, 1861, John Brower, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Andrew Burns, enl. Dee. 14, 1861. Joseph Burk, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. Jacob Benzie, enl. Dec. 22, 1861. George W, Brooks, enl. Nov. 2, 1861. James Catchpole, enl. Dec . 2, 1861. Bruno Colbrun, enl. Nov. 28, 1861. Wounded May 10, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. Joseph Clifford, enl. Dec. 27, 1861. Harry Curtiss, enl. Nov. 2, 1861. Charles A. Dresser, enl. Dec. 27, 1861. John E. Durham, enl. Nov. 23, 1861. Latimer N. Dyke, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1864. Disch from Hosp. Sept. 28, 1865. George Evans, enl. Dec. 2, 1861. David Elton, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. William Enga, enl. Nov. 11, 1861. Milan Emmons, enl. Nov. 7, 1861. John Griffin, enl. Nov. 2.3, 1861 . Wounded May 10, 1864. Mead Fowler, enl. 1 ec. 9, 1861. Frederick Fultmeth, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. Philip Foles, enl . Nov. 18, 1861 . Henry Frantz, enl. Nov, 28, 1861, John Gais, enl, Dec. 17, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner, S. C., July 18, 1863, and at Chester, Va.. May 9, 1864. Alexander Gordon, enl. Dec. 18, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Wounded at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863. William T. Green, enl. Nov. 29, 1861. Charles Gibbard, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. John Hoaft, enl. Dec. 27, 1861 . Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dee. 7, 1865. Charles Hancock, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. David Holliday, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. TrumanKidney, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Trans I. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus, leredout Dec. 7, 1865. William Kimball, enl. Dec. 3, 1861. William Keille, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Paul Kamerer, enl. Deo. 23, 1861. Louis U. Lyon, enl. Nov. 2, 1861. Edwin S. Libbey, enl. Nov. 25, 1861. W. Lucas, enl. Nov. 10, 1861. John Loch, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. Ed. J. McDonald, enl. Dec. 2, 1861. Dallas Moon, enl. Nov. 2, 1861. Levi A. Meacham, enl. Nov. 4, 1861. George E. Morgan, enl Nov. 7, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Disch. from Hosp. July 20, 1865. Alex. Muchler, enl. Nov. 7, 1861. Peter Mormon, enl. Deo. 12, 1861. Peter McGue, enl. Dec. 15, 1861 . Michael Madden, enl. Dec. 13, 1861. Constantine Olga, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. William Ody. enl, Dec. 11, 1861. Wounded May 9, il864. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 14, 1864. Transf . to Co 0. Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. r, 1865. Albert Oldham, enl. Dec. 18. 1861. Samuel Plaister, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. George Pike, enl. Dec. 2.3, 1861. Henry A. Hhilip, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Solomon Pritchard, enl . Nov. 30, 1861 . Jonathan Ring, enl. Nov. 36, 1861. Jacob Roath, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Milford Rohinsou, enl. Dec. 18, 1861. August Reisland. enl. Nov. 18, 1851. 126 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Lewis Stattlemeier, enl. Dec. 17, 1861 William Sorge. (See Non-com. Staff.) Mark Shafe, enl. Dec. 83, 1861. Taylor E. Stroud, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 14, 1864, and to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. John Sculby, enl. Nov. 8, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863. David Twitchell, enl. Nov. 9, 1861. Lafayette Taylor, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Jacob Traenis. enl. Jan. 8. 1862. Sidney J. Varney, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863. Augustine Winter, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Wounded at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863. Henry Wirsch, enl. Deo. 5, 1861. Christian Wagoner, enl. Dec. 13, 1861. Killed at Fort Wagner July 18, 1863. James Wait, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. George Winfield, enl. Nov. 83, 1861. Orlando Emerson, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dee. 7, 1865. Charles Nicholas, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865. Herman Dhler, enl. March 11, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865- Transt. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. John Demaline, enl. March 10, 1864. Transf. to Co. C. Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. Charles Fuller, enl. March 25, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Dec. 7, 1865 George Heward, enl. March 15, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Amos Hodgman, enl. Feb. 20, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus. tered out with the Co. Michael Joice, enl. March 22, 1864. Left sick at Camp Dennison Sept. 27, 1864 Jacob Hallett. enl. March 9, 1864. Transf. to Co C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. John Miller, enl. March 23, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus tered out with the Co. Samuel Riehman, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865- Mustered out with the Co. oseph Studer, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Edward Sumner, erd. Jan. 4, 18B4. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Allen Wheeler, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Transf. to Co. C Aug. 3, I860. Mus- tered out with the Co. Rodney J. Hathaway. (See Field and Staff.) Samuel Burd, enl. Nov. 14, 1861. COMPANY H. John B. Spafford, enr. as 8nd Lieut. Oct. 3, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Dec IS, 1861. Resigned Feb. 8, 1863. Sidney G. Brock, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Dec. 18. 1861, to Capt. Oct. 8, 1S68. Mustered out Jan. 25, 1865. John Evarts, enl. Dec. 18, 1861. Disch. Charles Lewis, enl. Dec. 24, 1861. Disch. Sept. 11, 1863. COMPANY I. John R. Straus, enl. Sept. 83, 1864. Died at Chapin's Farm, Va., Dec. 3, 1864. COMPANY K. John Baker, enl Feb. 8, 1854. Transf. to Co. E, Aug. 3, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 7, 1865. William H. Kelley, enl. Nov. 16, 1864. Transf. to Co. E, Aug. 3, 1865. Disch. at end of term Nov. 17, 1665. Joseph Horn, enl. Nov. 17, 1864. Trans, to Co. E, Aug. 8, 1865. Disch. at end of term Nov. 17, 1865. James B. Garner, enl. Oct. 17, 1864. Disch. at end of term Oct. 18, 1865. John R. Brokan, enl. Oct. 18, 1864. Disch. Sept. 8, 1865. AlmeronPangborn, enl. Oct. 18. 1864. Died inHosp. at Fortress Monroe, Va., Aug. 24, 1865. SEVENTY-SEYEXTH INFANTRY. COMPANY K. John J. Calvert, enl. Nov 80, 1861 . Charles W. Delany, enl. Nov. 85, 1861 CHAPTER XXV. EIGHTY-POUBTH, EIGHT r-SIXTH AND EIGHTY- SEVEMTH INFANTKY, ETC. Thfa Eighty-fourth goes forThree Months— Two Strong Companies from Cuyahoga— Services in Virginia— Cuyahoga County Men— Two Regi- ments of Eighty -sixth Infantry— Services of the Three Months' Men at Clarksburg, West Virginia— Cuyahoga Soldiers— The Six Months' Regiment in West Virginia— Capture of John Morgan— Capture of Cumberland Gap— Mustered Out— List of Soldiers from this County— Eighty-seventh Infantry— Its Surrender— Men from this County— Eighty-eighth Infantry— Its Duty at Camp Chase— Cuyahoga Men. EIGHTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. This was a, three months' regiment, I'aised in May and June, 1862. to meet a pressing emergency. Com- panies D and E, a hundred and ninety-seven men in all, were from Cuyahoga county. On the 11th of June it proceeded to Cumberland, Maryland, where it remained until September, guarding the lines, check- ing guerrillas, etc. It garrisoned the fort and village of New Creek a short time, preventing a threatened attack by General Imboden, and then, after about four months' service, returned home and was mustered out. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY'. PIELn AND STAFF. John J. Wiseman, enl. as Lieut. Col. June 7, 1862. Detailed on special service at Washington, D. C, Sept. 12, 1868. Mustered out after the Reg. Frank H. Hiuman, enl. as 8nd Lieut. Co. D May 26. 1862. App. Adjt. Aug. 18, 1868. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Daniel R. Taylor, Q. M. Sergt, Royal A. Mun=ell, Com. Sergt. COMPANY D. John N. Frazee, Captain . Eli Ely, 1st Lieut. Frank H. Hinman. (See Field and Staff.) Thomas Goodwillie (1st Sergt.), David S. Whitehead (Sergt.), William Morgan (Sergt.), Reuben A. Field (Sergt.), George W. Armstrong (Sergt.), Jacob J. Lohrer (Corp.), Austin H. Waters (Corp.), William E. Murray (Coi-p.), Isaac W. Severance (Corp.), Pierson D. Briggs (Corp.), Albert G. Carpenter (Corp.), Edward S. Warner (Corp.), Oscar W. Han- cook (Corp.), William A. Diefenbaoh, James Covert, Frank Baker, Olcott Barrett, James Bemis, Charles A. Bolton, Quincy Bradley, Ed- win E. Beeman, Charles E. Brown, John F. Brunner, John Banton, Angus R. Braden, John Crowell, Jr., William H. Chamberlain, Robert L Chamberlain, Benj. F. Chapman, William H. Chaffee, Michael Car- roll, Walter Coates, John Dugan, Edward Dangerfleld, John R. Evans, Hamilton Fordyce, Addison J. Farrand, Wilham H. Farrand, James Gettings, Henry Glenville, Thomas Guy, Charles H. Gill, Lewis Gross, Robert Gould Asa A. Goodwin, Charles A. Goodno, Henry HoUey, George S. Holden, Henry H. Hawthorne, Edwin T. Hamilton, Frederick T. Hard, James A. Hartness, Edward Hudson, Halsey J. Hawthorne, Paul B. Harris, Seymour Q. Hunt, Earl Herrick, Peter Kuntz, Frederick Kinsman, Jr., David C. Ketohum, Thomas Lemmon, David L. Lowrie, John A. Loomis, Henry E. Lowry, Austin B. Leonard, Theodore J. Leltz, Chaunoy B. Lane, Josiah Morris, William E. McBride, Robert E. Murray, Charles W. McReynolds, John T. Mead, John W. O'Neil, Lloyd G. Parker, William H. Pepperday. John T. Pinkney, George S. Paine, Charles Pinkney, Charles Quiggin, Geoige S. jQuayle, F. L. Reese, Omar S. Richardson, John H. Rose, Frederick Stokes. Joseph Speddy, Theo- dore Sterritt, Edward C. Smith, Samuel Starkweather, Jr., Lewis Stein. Edward Sewer, Edward C. Tinker, George R. Tice, Daniel R. Taylor (See Non-Com. Staff), James A. Willson, George Watkins, John B, Wade, A. B. Woodruff, Charles White, Thomas Whitehead, Joseph Zuber, Wyllis S. Stetson. EIGHTY-FOURTH AND EiaHTY-SIXTH INFANTRY, ETC. 127 COMPANY E. James Pickands, Captain . Virgil C. Taylor, 1st Lieut. Henry T. Nash, 2d Lieut. Samuel L. Allen (1st Sergt.), James McGinness (Sergt.), JudsonM. Bishop (Sergt.), Eben S. Coe (Sergt.), Frank J. Ford (Sergt.), Theron C. Baldwin (Corp.), Theodore A. Andrews (Corp.), Lyman D. Hunt (Corp.), Frank S. Chamberlain (Corp.), Elijah H. Norton (Corp.), Beuj. H. Smith (Corp.), George Wilkinson (Corp.), S. H. Waring (Corp.), Charles D. Camp, .James J. Adams, Daniel J. Althen, Hannibal A. Beeson, William M. Barnes, William O. fiarnes, Charles E. Bingham, Eugene W. Benham, John K. Batchelder, William Calahan, Thomas Chevring- ton, William W. Castle, Charles D. Collins, David K. Clint, Thomas J. Crooks, Alexander H. Cobb, Myron E. Cozzen.-i, Orlando M. Calmer, Charles W. Cook, Charles W. Diehl, Peter Deatry, Charles Evans, EUery C. Ford, Nathan C. Fleming, Theodore Foljambe, George Gar- rettson, Lewis B. Gentz, Patrick W. Grineley, George M. Heard. Michael Hogan, Daniel Henricle, William E. Herrick, Samuel H. Harrison, Henry A. Harvey, William Holmes, Henry J. Hoyt, Justin Juch, Wil- liam A. Knowlton, Edwin J. Kyser, Henry C. King, William W. Kim- ball, Jacob Koch, Edwin "N. Locke, Walter J. Lowman, Albert Means, Charles D Morse, William D. Mather, Royal A. Munsell (see Non-com- missioned Staff), Theodore Odell, Lewis D. Oviatt, George W. Potter, Henry Phillips, Edward S. Page, Timothy H. Uearden, Daniel Roberts, Lemuel O. Rawson, James C. Ryan. Horace W. Strickland, Frank W. Smith, Lyman I. Smith, George Spangler, Basil S. Spangler, Henry Saxton, Gustavus K. Tupper, Hervey B. Tibbetts, Charles M. Voroe, Cary A. Vaughn, Delos O. Wickham, William H. Wyman, Charles E. Wllber, Walter F. Wells, Theodore M. Warner, Alfred T, Webber, Oscar Wade, Henry A. Woodward, Henry A. Welch, Edward E. Young. EIGHTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. Two organizations bore this name; one raised for three months in May and June, 1862, and one for six months in June and July, 1863. Cuyahoga was slightly represented in both, as appears by the annexed record. The first regiment went to Clarksburg, West Virginia, in June, 1862, and remained there most of the time during the summer, guarding the railroad, and defending that place and Grafton from the threatened attacks of gnerrillas. It was mustered out on the 2oth of September. The six months organization was completed just as the celebrated guerrilla, John Morgan, was making his great raid through southern Ohio. The regiment was immediately dispatched to Zanesville to help capture him. One battalion skirmished with a part of Morgan's force us it crossed the Ohio, while the other, in connection with Colonel Shackleford's com- mand, assisted in the capture of the redoubtable partisan himself. The Eighty-sixth soon went to Kentucky, where it joined an expedition under Colonel DeCourcy against Cumberland Gap; reaching a position in front of that stronghold on the 8th of September. At the same time General Burnside, in accordance with the pre- viously concocted plan, came up from East Tennessee on the South. The Eighty-sixth and other regiments were sent forward in line of battle, and every arrange- ment was made for an attack from both sides, but, on a demand being made, the rebel general consented to surrender. The regiment remained at the Gap until its term expired, wlien itretnrned to Cleveland, being mustered out on the 10th of February, 18G4. CUYAHOGA MEN IN THE THREE-MONTHS REGIMENT. COMPANY e. Almon G. Bruce, Edwin Ewing. COMPANY K. William N. Hubbell (Corp.), Solomon H. Gleaaon, John A. Field, Lo- renzo Strong, John E . Coleman, Edward M . Kellogg, Conrad Schade, Ira D. Williams, John White. CUYAHOGA MEN IN THE SIX-MONTHS REGIMENT. COMPANY C. Samuel H. Boyelten, David Gresn. COMPANY F. Henry W. Morrell. COMPANY a. Charles E. Crowe, Larmon Col well, James Miller. COMPANY I. Michael D. DeVVyant, JeremLihS. Dunscomb, Charles Goodsell, Estel Jackson, George Linsey, John iVhice, Roger Willia:ns, H. B. Steele (transt. to 129th Inf.) EIGHTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. This was another three months regiment, and was more unfortunate than either of the foregoing. It went from Ohio to Balciniore in June, 186;i, remained there till the latter part of July, and then reported to Colonel Miles, at Harper's Ferry. In the forepart of September that otiicer surrendered his whole force to Stonewall Jackson. As the term of the Eighty- seventh had expired, its men were released from their paroles and the regiment was sent home; being mus- tered out on the 20th of September, 1862. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY G. Christopher Keary, 2d Lieut. William Crawford, Peter Keary, Richard Barringer, William M. Cur ran, Thomas Deiler, Thomas Fitch, Edward D. Frame, Charles Frame, Robert Garvey, John A. Godfrey, Henry J. Hewlett, John Miller, John W. Mayhew, Patrick McLaughlin, Joseph Moley, Andrew McCartney, Frederick M. Preston, Christopher Rath, Toney Siegel, David Shaugh- nesy, Andrew Winner, John W. Warr, Thomas Kenaly. EIGHTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. This was a three-years regiment ; the first four companies being raised as the "Governor's Guards" in July, 1863, and the others a year later. It was kept almost all the time of its service guarding rebel prisoners at Camp Chase, and though always ready was never engaged with the enemy. It was mustered out in July, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY C. Wolcott F. Crane, enl. July 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 3, 1865. Andrew McGregor, enl. June 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Willis P. Storrs, enl. July 1-3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY H. John H. Ii-win, enl. July 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. July 3, 1865. Charles A . Jaycox, enl June23, 1S63. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Johnson, enl. July 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Welton, enl. July 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 3, 1365. NINETY-THIRD INF.VNTRY. FIELD AND STAFF. Martin L. Brooks, enr. as Asst. Surg. April 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. June 8, 1865. 128 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER XXVI. ONE HUNDHED AND THIKD HfFABTTEY, ETC.* The Rally in 1863— Ten Companies Ready for the Field— Six of them from Cuyahoga— First Officers of the One Hundred and Third— Oft for Kentucky— After Buell— Sickness— The Stay at Frankfort— South- ward in the Spring— On the Cumberland— With Burnside to East Ten- nesee— Terrible Roads— Great Hardships— Delight of the Loyal Ten- nesseeans— Special Enthusiasm at Greenville— Up the Tennessee Val- ley—Skirmishes atBlueSprings- Marchesand Countermarches— Con - centrating at Knoxville— Longstreet beseiges the City — Attack on the Kckets— A Desperate Fight— Gallantry of the One Hundred and Third —The Rebels repulsed— Increasing Hardships— Sleeveless Blouses and Legless Pantaloons— A Dollar for a "Hard Tack "-Approach of Suc- cor—Retreat of the Enemy— Pursuit — The Acme of Wretchedness- Back to Knoxville— Food and Clothes— More Marching— The Atlanta Campaign— Resaoa— Charging Breastworks— Lying down under Fire — " Charge Bayonet'' — Carrying Two Lines of Works — The Next Day's Battle— Retreat of the Enemy— Pumpkin-vine Creek — " Forward "-- A Wretched Sight— The Rebels retreat— Heavy Skirmishing— A Dash- ing Exploit— Before Atlanta— Evacuation of Atlanta— Rest at Decatur —Heavy Losses— Made Headquarters Guard— After Hood— Defending the Train at Spring Fill— Defeating the Enemy— A Flag from Cleve- land Ladies— A Long Journey— Arrival in North Carolina— Capture of Wilmington, etc— Off for Home— A Sad Accident— Ovation at Cleve- land-Mustered Out— Members from Cuyahoga County--Men of the One Hundred and Fourth. After the disasters of the Peninsular campaign in June, 1862, and the consequent call of the President for three hundred thousand more men, it is well known that, notwithstanding the many severe drains which the North had had to bear, its sons a^ain ral- lied with undaunted fortitude in defense of their country. Cuvahoga, Lorain and Medina counties had done their full share in sendinar out the one hundred and twenty thousand men which already represented Ohio in the field, but when recruiting offices were opened in them for a new regiment, the farmers, me- chanics, clerks and professional men of these counties promptly responded, and by the middle of July ten companies with full ranks were in the camp of ren- dezvous at Cleveland. Of these, six companies. A, B, C, D, E. and G. were principally from Cuyahoga county. During the war Cuyahoga county was represented in Company A by eighty-one members; in Company B by eighty- two members; in Company C by seventy-two; in Com- pany D by ninety-three; in Company E by eighty-nine: and in Company G by eighty-four. These, with five in Company H and fourteen in Company I. made a total of five hundred and twenty men from Cuyahoga county in the regiment during its term of service. Nine-tenths of these were recruited during the months of July and August, 1862. In the latter part of August the ten companies were organized into a regiment under the name of the One Hundred and Third Ohio Infantry, with John S. Casement, of Painesville, as colonel ; James T. Ster- ling, of Cleveland, as lieutenant-colonel, and Dewitt C. Howard, as major. On the 3rd of September the new regiment set out for Cincinnati, and after a brief stay at Covington, on the opposite side of the river, made its first march, on the 6th of September, to Fort Mitchell, three miles from the latter city. On the eighth of September the regiment was duly mus- *Prineipally f rom Col. P. C. Hayes' "Journal-History" of the Resi ment. ^ tered into the United States service; there being then nine hundred and seventy-two officers and men in its ranks. On the 18th of September the One Hundred and Third, having been united with Buell's army, started in pursuit of the retreating forces of Bragg. The next day it was placed in the advance and took its first lesson in skirmishing. At Snow's Pond, where the regiment camped during the latter part of September and the forepart of October, the men suffered much from sickness, caused by the stagnant water they were obliged to use, nearly half the regiment being sick at once, though fortunately few cases were fatal. On the 6th the One Hundred and Third moved for- ward as a part of the brigade of General Quincy A. Gilmore, but was soon separated from it and ordered to Frankfort, the capital of Kentucky. It remained there five months (except diu-ing a trip of a few days to Louisville), a period which is described as very comfortably spent, and as being fruitful of the most pleasant relations with the citizens of that ancient Kentucky city. On the 5th of April, 1863, the One Hundred and Third moved southward, becoming part of the force of Gen. S. P. Carter, operating against the rebel Gen- eral Pegram. After considerable skirmishing at vari- ous points, the rebels attempted to make a stand at Monticello, beyond the. Cumberland river but were easily defeated by the Union cavalry, before the in- fantry could come up. The command, however, was ordered back to the Cumberland river, which ^¥as made the southern line of defense by the Union forces. After a few weeks spent on the north bank of the river, and some very severe marching in the forepart of July, nearly all the rebels having been driven out of Kentucky, a large body of Union troops was concentrated at Danville and organized into the Twenty-third army corps, under Major General Hartsuff, for the purpose of marching to the relief of the Unionists of East Tennessee. On the 17th of August General Burnside took the chief command, and on the next day the army, numbering about twenty thousand men, set out on its way. The march over the mountains was one of extraor- dinary severity. Southern roads, as all soldiers of the late war well know, are of the most detestable description, and Southern mountain roads are per- fectly abominable— resembling cow-paths, in- which there have been no cows for twenty years. The men were obliged not only to carry their knapsacks, guns, cartridge-boxes, canteens and haversacks along these wretched trails, but to build bridges, lay corduroy roads, and help along the artillery and wagons, day after day and night after night, and all on half ra- tions, or even less. Still, however, they struggled on, with extraordi- nary patience under the circumstances, passing Crab Orchard, Burnside's Point, Emery's Iron Works, etc., to Concord in East Tennessee. The enemy fled be- fore them, and after reaching Tennessee the labors of ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD INFANTRY, ETC. 129 the troops were less severe. The loyal Tennesseeans •were wild with delight at the appearance of the old flag and its defenders. Every little village was pro- fusely decorated with the long-concealed National flags, while the people — men, women and children — thronged in crowds along the line of march to wel- come and to Mess the soldiers of the Union. After taking possession of Knoxville, the principal place in East Tennessee, on the 1st of September, the Virginia and Tennessee railroad was utilized by the troops; the One Hundred and Third and other regiments going by rail up the valley a short distance northeast of Greenville. At the latter place the enthusiasm reached its cli- max. All the people for miles around flocked to the depot, and nearly every one brought a basket of re- freshments — pies, cakes, meats, etc., — for the benefit of the men who had come to protect them from rebel rule. Not only were the soldiers in a body greeted with the wildest cheers as they arrived, but hundreds of individuals were seized, shaken by the hand, blessed and wept over by the excited inhabit-an,ts. And this was only a more striking example of what was felt and expressed thi'oughout East Tennessee by the persecuted, plundered Unionists of that devoted region. After several marches and countermarches in the vicinity of Greenville, the command moved up the valley, in the latter part of September, to Johnson's station and the Watauga river. After some skirmish- ing the enemy retired, and the command moved back to Greenville, and thence to Bull's Gap. On the 9th of October an advance was made to Blue Springs, where the rebels were met and companies A and D of the One Hundred and Third were sent forward as skirmishers. They came upon a large force of the enemy which charged and drove them back; killing, wounding and capturing a considerable number. Other companies of the regiment were sent to the relief of those mentioned, but Gen. Burnside was not yet ready for a general engagement, and the whole com- mand was soon ordered back to Bull's Gap. Ere long, however, he was ready, and on the eleventh of October he ordered a general advance. A smart engagement took place at Blue Springs, and the One Hundred and Third lay on their arms all night expecting a battle. The enemy, however, fled under cover of the darkness. Numerous other marches, . forward, backward and sideways, were made in the dismal autumn weather, but they were not of sufficient importance to be recorded here. Early in November all the Union forces in East Tennessee were concen- trated at Knoxville, to repel a threatened attack by Gen. Longstreet. The One Hundred and Third reached that city on the fourth. About the fifteenth Longstreet appeared and sat down before the place with the evident intention of capturing it; at the same time, by means of his numerous cavalry, cutting off all communication between the Union forces and their comrades in other localities. He pushed his advance close to the Union picket line, and a constant firing between the two sides was the natural result. Numerous fortifications were built by the rebels to facilitate the siege, and the Unionists responded with equal zeal, until every hill ai-ound Knoxville was seamed with breastworks and bristled with cannon. On the morning of the 25th of November Gen- eral Longstreet sent forward a division of his best troops to attempt a surprise of the pickets while being relieved, to be followed by an assault upon the breast- works. A hostile movement of some kind was ex- pected, and six companies of the One Hundred and Third were ordered out to relieve the two which had previously been considered sufficient. There was some accidental delay, and the relief did not reach the post until about one o'clock in the afternoon. Just as the six companies were being stationed, the enemy charged with a yell and a volley. As this was the first time the regiment had been in a serious fight, it was very natural there should be some wavering. The men quickly recovered, how- ever, and volley after volley, closely aimed, soon tes- tified to the coolness and courage of the sons of northern Ohio. Heavy firing ensued on both sides for about an hour and a half. The One Hundred and Third was assisted by the pickets of the Twenty- fourth Kentucky and the Sixty-fifth Illinois, and at length, by the whole strength of those regiments. The struggle grew hotter, but finally the rebels were seen to waver, when the Union commanders gave the spirit-stii-ring order " charge bayonets," and with a thundering cheer the whole line went forward at full speed. Before they could be reached, the sons of chivalry broke and fled to their works on a neighbor- ing hill, leaving their dead and wounded on the field. Our men then resumed their old position. This was known as the battle of Armstrong Hill, and was the first severe conflict of the One Hundred and Third Ohio. The companies engaged had about thirty-flve men killed and wounded. The siege continued, and its hardships speedily increased. Overcoats and superfluous clothing had all been thrown away during the toilsome marches of summer, the blouses and pantaloons with which the men had started from Kentucky had been worn out, the broken communications had prevented the issue of new articles, and in many cases, while the cold had rapiflly become more severe, the men were reduced to shirts and drawers, with the addition of blouses with- out sleeves, and with pantaloons with no legs below the knees. Rations, too, which had been of only half the regu- lar amount since the command entered Tennessee, were now reduced to a quarter size, or even less, and the men were on the verge of starvation. They reme- died this to some extent, however, by excursions after corn up the French Broad river, a section which Long- street had been unable to invest. Even this resource was exhausted in time, and hunger became the daily 17 130 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. companion of all the infantry of the command.. Those who had money could occasionally jjurchase food, fre- quently giving from half a dollar to a dollar for a sin- gle army-cracker, commonly known as a "hard tack," and from a quarter to half a dollar for an ear of corn. Those who had no money did the best they could on their quarter rations. Fortunately the time of the worst suflferiug was not of long duration. The victory of Mission Ridge warned Longstreet that he could only gain Knoxville by a desperate venture, and the defeat of his attack on Fort Saunders showed him that the venture had failed. On the 4th of December six regiments of Union cavalry evaded the enemy and rode into Knox- ville, bringing news that the victors of Grant's army were on their way to the ]-elief of the beleaguered city. Longstreet, too, heard the news, abandoned the hope- less task and retreated up the valley of the Tennessee toward Virginia. Deep was the joy and wild were the cheers when the defenders of Knoxville learned that the enemy had fled, and that they were once more free. The command was soon ordered to pursue the enemy, and did so, though in very wretched circum- stances as to clothes and rations. The men had been paid ofi, but supplies could not yet be furnished. Teriible indeed were the marches to and fro in the valley of the Tennessee, and the cold and rainy New Year's day of 1864 was long remembered by the half- clad, half-fed, tentless soldiers as the very acme of wretchedness. At length, on the 17th of January, Longstreet started to retreat out of the State from Dandridge, and the Unionists, deceived by his ma- neuvers, also beat a hasty and most dismal retreat to Knoxville. Here they were furnished with ample supplies, for the first time in over six months, and were allowed a month to rest. During March and April there was more marching up and down the Tennessee valley, with few or no results, but in the latter part of the last named month the Twenty-third corps was concentrated at Charles- ton under General Schofield; the One Hundred and Third being in the second brigade of the third divis- ion of that corps. On the 3d of May the whole army set forth on Sherman's grand campaign against At- lanta. On the 13th of May, the Twenty-third corps came in front of Easaca, which Gen. Johnson had strongly fortified to resist the advance of Sherman. The next day, after various maneuvers, the Twenty-third corps was brought, about noon, in front of the rebel works. An open field, nearly a mile across, lay spread before the eyes of the Union soldiers, through which ran a small creek. On the high bank on the farther side of this stream lay the rebel infantry, ensconced behind three lines of formidable breastworks, while a large number of cannon were massed on a small elevation, well situated for giving full sweep to their grape and canister. Soon after taking their position the Second and Third divisions of the Tweirty-third corps (the One Hundred and Third being included in the latter) were ordered to charge the works. Away they went across the open field, the enemy's cannon and rifles tearing the ranks at every step and cutting down the men by the hundred. Still they pressed on until they reached the foot of the hill which was crowned by the rebel breastworks. Here the assailants were ordered to lie down, and for nearly half an hour remained in that position. They were somewhat covered from the enemy's fire, but were in the most trying position to the nerves which a soldier can well occupy, lying in- active on the ground, with a storm of rifle bullets and grape shot continually whistling over them, solid shot plunging by with resistless fury, and vengeance-seek- ing shells bursting in every direction. At the end of the time mentioned, the order, "charge bayonet," rang from the lips of the com- mander, and was repeated by the line officers. The men sprang to their feet with a thundering cheer, and rushed up the hill. The hail of bullets, canister and grape was redoubled, the soldiers fell thicker and faster at every step, but the survivors swept on with increasing pace, captured the first line of works the moment they were reached, pursued the flying foe into the second line, and cleared that, too, at the point of the bayonet. But in the meantime the second Division had been stopped by an unexpected swamp, thrown into con- fusion, and compelled to retreat with heavy loss. All the enemy's fire was then concentrated on the Third division, and it was found utterly impossible to ad- vance against the third line. But the men held the ground they had won; keeping a constant fire on the rebels until nearly night, when they were relieved by other troops. In this, the second battle of the regi- ment, more than a third-of the number engaged were killed or wounded; captains W. W. Hutchinson and J. T. Philpot being slain on the field. The next day the battle raged furiously at various points along the line, but the One Hundred and Third was not engaged. The enemy suffered so severely that he retreated during the night, leaving his elab- orate fortifications to the triumphant Unionists. The latter pursued him through Cassville, Cartersville, etc., and drove him from his works on Pumpkin Vine creek, where the One Hundred and Third, though under heavy artillery and picket fire, was not serious- ly engaged until the 2d of June. On that day the regiment was ordered forward and came to an open field, guarded on the farther side by a heavy line of rebel pickets behind strong breast- works. "Forward" was the instant order, and for- ward went the depleted regiment, under quite a heavy fire, which wounded nine or ten of the men, easily capturing the advanced works, and driving their oc- cupants back to the main line. Though the One Hundred and Third was not required to attack this line, yet a tremendous rain storm made the succeed- ing night, spent so close to the enemy that no fires ONE HUNDEED AND THIKD INPANTEY, ETC. 131 could be allowed, one of the most wretchedly memor- able iu the history of the regiment. At daylight they discovered that the foe had withdrawn under cover of the darkness, and the way was once more clear, at least for a short distance. On the 10th of June the command again moved forward, and on the 19th the regiment was engaged in heavy skirmishing all day; having eight men killed or wounded and driving t.he enemy back to Morse's Creek. The next day a small, select body of men, of which the One Hundred and Third furnished five, dashed across a bridge in face of tiie enemy, se- cured a foothold on the farther side and opened a path of which the brigade promptly availed itself. During the night the rebels again retreated. On the 8th of July the One Hundred and Third crossed the Chattahoochie river, the foremost troops of Sherman's army, and on the 30th of the same month, after innumerable marches and .maneuvers among the mountains of Georgia, came into position before the celebrated city of Atlanta. On the 33nd the brigade made a desperate forced march to take part iu the battle in which McPherson fell, but the Seventeenth corps had whipped the enemy before the reinforcements could arrive. On the 1st of August the brigade moved to the extreme right, and for sev- eral days was kept on the move for purposes unknown to any but the commander-in-chief. On the 28th of August the regiment, with other troops, abandoned its position north of Atlanta, moved clear around the city to the south, and began tearing up the railroad running in that direction. On the 3rd of September these operations forced the evacuation of Atlanta by the enemy, and one of the greatest and most difficult campaigns in the history of warfe,r6 was brought to a glorious and successful ter- mination. Immediately afterwards the One Hundred and Third marched to Decatur, where the men ob- tained a few weeks of much needed rest. Though it had not been in so many severe engagements as some regiments, yet the numerous marches and skirmishes and constant service under fire had terribly depleted the ranks; for, out of between four hundred and fifty and five hundred men with which the regiment started on the campaign, there were now but a hundred and ninety-five for duty. At this time (September 10, 1864,) Lt. Col. Sterling resigned his position and Capt. Philip C. Hayes was commissioned in his place. Shortly after its arrival at Decatur the gallant little regiment was detailed as General Schofield's headquarter guard, and after that, except on one oc- casion, did no more fighting. The Twenty-third corps went northward in pursuit of Hood, and, after Sherman returned to make his grand "march to the sea," went on in company with the Fourth corps to reinforce Gen. Thomas. At Spring Hill, Tennes- see, the enemy threatened the wagon train of the two corps just mentioned, when a division was interposed to check them. The One Hundred and Third, which was, of course, with the headquarter train, was or- dered to support a battery. As was expected, the rebels made a fierce attack, so fierce, in fact, that the division was driven back in considerable disorder. The battery and the One Hundred and Third, how- ever, held their ground, and by their deadly fire checked the advance of the foe until the division oould rally, when the rebels were obliged to retire. The regiment was warmly complimented by both Gens. Schofield and Stanley for its brave and op- portune conduct. The regiment continued with the Twenty-third corps, but was prevented by its duty at headquarters from taking part in the battles of Franklin and Nash- ville. After those great victories, the corps followed Hood for a time, but without important results. In January, 1865, at Mt. Pleasant, Tennessee, the One Hundred and Third was presented by the ladies of Cleveland with a new flag, in place of the riddled and worn out banner, of which only a few tatters fluttered over the heads of the color-bearers. On the 15th of January the Twenty-third corps started on one of those long expeditions which were so common during the war for the Union, but which, considering the ease and rapidity with which they were executed, had no example in the wars of the old world. After a trip by way of the Tennessee river, Cincinnati, Washington, etc., of nearly three thou- sand miles, the corps brought up at Fort Fisher, North Carolina. It then took part in the capture of Wil- mington, and the movements which led to the sur- render of Gen. Johnston and the final collapse of the rebellion, but the One Hundred and Third was not again brought under fire. On the 30th of April Col. Casement resigned, and Lt. Col. Hayes was commissioned as colonel. On the 13th of June the regiment started for home. It met with a most unfortunate accident on the 1st of July the train; on which it was traveling being thrown ofE the track while crossing the mountains of Pennsylvania, and twenty-seven men being more or less injured — three or four of them fatally. The regiment reached Cleveland the same day, when it received an enthusiastic ovation and a generous ban- quet from the citizens. It mustered but about three hundred men all told, out of the gallant thousand who left the same place, less than three years before. On the 33nd of July, 1865, the last payments were made, and the One Hundred and Third Ohio Infantry was mustered out of the service of the United States. MEMBERS FEOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Phlip C. Hayes, enr. as Capt. July 16, 1862. Promoted to Lieut, Col. Nov. 18, 1864; to Col. June 6, 1865. Mustered out with Eeg. James F. Sterling, enr. Capt. Co. B, 'tb. Inf. Promoted Sept. 1, 1868, to Lieut. Col. 103d Inf. Resigned Sept. 10, 1864. Henry S. Piokands, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Capt. Dec. 9, 1868, to Major May 18, 1865, and to Lieut. Col. May 28, 1865. Mustered out witli the Reg. John S. AVhite, enr. as Adj't Aug. 18, 1868. Res. Oct. 1, 1864. George O Butler, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 19, 1862. Res. May 29, 1863. George A. Hubbard, enr. as Chaplain, Aug, 15, 1862. Res. Oct. 1, 1864. 132 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. NON-COMMISSIONED STiFP. Barnabas Brown, enr. as Sergt. Co. D, Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Com. Sergt. Nov. 1, 1863. Edward J. Dewey, enl. Aug. 9, Co. B; app. Hosp. Steward at Camp Nelson, Ky. COMPANY A. Franklin A. Smith, enr. Co. D, as 1st Sergt. July 27, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. A, Aug. 15, 1863, and to Capt. Jan. 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. June 12, 1865. Michael Duncan, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. July 1, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. May 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. June 13, 1865 James M, McWilliams, enr. as Sergt. July 26, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt., and 2d Lieut. May 9, ]8«3. Resigned March 18, 1864. DeWitt C. Hotchkiss, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 22, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Nov. 24, 1862. Transf. to Co. H. James D. Markell, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 8, 1862. Elias L. Bradley, enr. as Corp. July 7, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1863. Mustered out May 3, 1865. Charles O. Rolierts, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1863. Wilson H. Burrell, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. June 22, 1865. William Ross, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 1, 1863. Ira Henderson, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. William Stowell, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Joseph Perry, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. John McKeen, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Michael Collins, enl. July 7, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Ezra Brewster, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Charles Cole, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to Corp. John B. Abraham, enl. Aug, 14, 1862. George Ashelger, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Alfred Adair, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. March 3, 1863. David Boyd. enl. July 28, 1S62. John Brennan. enl. July 28, 1862. Francis Bromley, enl. .Aug. 18. 1862. William Bear. enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Taken prisoner at Mill Springs, Ky., Oct. 5, 1863. Paroled Jan. 16, 1865. Disch. June 30, 1865. William C. Benedict, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Died at Walton, Ky., Oct. 8, 1862. Joseph P. Card, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Transf. to Co. C. James Canfleld, enl. July 28, 1862. Mustered out May 23, 1865. Robert Crawford, enl. Aug 12, 1862. Charles M. Caldwell, enl. July 28, 1868. Killed in action at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 2o, 1863. Thomas M. Connell, enl. July 31, 1862. Mustered out May 30, 1865. Peter Conland, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out May 19, 1865. John Crane, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Joseph Carson, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Robert Doyle, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Taken prisoner. Henry Dycker, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. John Derr, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Albert Esty, enl. Aug. 11, 1S62. Disch. May 18, 1865. Otis Eddy, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Wilham Eldridge, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died from wounds Dec'. 29, 1863. Adam Furnace, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. John Goudy, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Hugh Goudy, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Matthew Gooby, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Franklin Gould, enl. July 28, 1862 Martin C. Gfee, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Oliver Hartzell, enl. July 26, 1862. Mustered out June 20, 1865. John Hoffman, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Lucas Hannum, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Edward Howard, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Charles Harrigan, enl . Aug. 14, 1862. Charles S. Johnson, enl. July 24, 1862. Horace Jerome, enl. Aug. 4. 1862. William Kirschner, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died from wounds at Knoxville Tenn., Dec. 8, 1863. Alexander Leese, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Henry Lush, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Harris P. Losey, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Albert Lawrence, enl. Aug. 1. 1862. John D. JIcKenzie. enl Aug. 1.3, 1862. Disch. Sept. 12, 1863. James Mote, enl. Aug. 15, 1S62. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 24, 1862. Taken prisoner Dec. 1863. Paroled and disch. June 13, 1865. Daniel llcCauley, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. William McMannis, enl. Aug. 12. 1862. Disch. Jan. 8, 1863. Elisha Martin, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. William Muchler, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Daniel O'Brien, enl. July 30, 1862. Disch. May 18, 1865. Sherwood Parks, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Jerry Reinhart, enl. Aug. 12. 1862. William Silver, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Daniel Seabourne, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. George W. Shepherd, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Joseph Snyder, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. John Stubbs, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Benj. F. Thompson, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out July 15, 1865. Basil Viers, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. ' Dorsey Viers, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Josiah Weigel, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Hiram B. Ward, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Taken prisoner. Caleb Weaver, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Disch. Jan. 8, 1863. Thomas Williams, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Jesse Walton, enl. Aug. 12. 1862. Rudolph Werkmeister, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. James Watkins, enr. as Corp. Aug. 13, 1862. Asa B. Watkins, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 26,1862. Solomon S. Drake, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. Jan. 8, 1863. COMPANY B. Wiilliam M. Hutchinson, enr. as Capt. Killed at Besaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Albert H. Spencer, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Dec. 4, 1862; to 1st Lieut. Feb. 17. 1864, and to Capt. May 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. June 12, 1865. Hernus Burt, enr. as 1st Lieut. July 10, 1862. Died Dec. 4, 1862, at Frankfort, Ky. Corwin J. Holt, enr. as 2nd Lieut. July 10, 1862. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Dec. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. June 12, 1865. Joseph C. Merritt, enr. as Sergt Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Transf. to Co. F, 1st Tenn. Artillery and made 1st Lieut. Jan. 1, 1864. Edgar W. Piper, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 4, 1862. Detached as clerk at Com- missary Hd. Qrs. Nov. 25, 1862. Dennis Lynch, enr. as Sergt. July 17, 1862. Detached as clerk Hd. Qrs. 23d A. C. Oct. 16,1863 H. F. Smead, enr. as Corp. July 26, 1862. John Merna, enr. as Corp. Aug. 2, 1862. Detached as R. R. Guard Jan. 11, 1864. James Scarr, enr. as Musician July 12, 1862. James Erwin, enr. as Musician Aug. 18, 1862. Dwight M. Cobb, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. William A. Goslin, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. and to Q. M. Sergt. July 21, 1863. Benton S. Hayes, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. Charles H. Jones, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Albert Hill, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Transf. to Invalid Corps. Henry Kennard, enl. July 17, 1862. Sherwood H. Stilson, enl. Aug 6, 1862. Detached as clerk at Hd. Qrs. Dep. of the Ohio, Knoxville, Tenn. James W. Stuart, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. George W. Dyer, enl. July 23, 1862. Hiram R. Ferris, enl. July 15, 1862. Joseph L Heitz, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out May 19, 1865. Matthew Hoeflinger, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Albert K. Quayle, enl. July 15, 1862. Charles Burt, enr. as Corp. Aug. 9, 1862. Edwin A. Barnard, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Hiram Bradford, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Charles Brown, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Charles L. Bonuey, enl Aug. 16, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 22, 1864. Mustered out June 29, 1865. Andrew J. Cook, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 2, 1864. Mustered out June 29, 1865. WiUiam B. Cook, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Caleb H. Cook, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Ozro Dwtnnell, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Charles H. Knapp, enl. Aug. 9. 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. Albert D. Knapp, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Detailed as clerk Hd. Qrs. Dept. Ohio. Charles F. MiUer, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. . Henry B. Northrop, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. William E. Romp, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Theodore Ridaker, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Theodore Schneider, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Thomas Stokes, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. John Ridaker, enl. Aug. 22. 1863. George J. Sheldon, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt Reuben W. Stockwell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1862. Laites B. Page, enr. as Corp. Aug. 13, 1862. George Baker, enl. July 21, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. IsS" ^"'''°°' ""'■ ^"^' ^' '^^' ^'^^ *' Wartburg, Tenn., Sept. 4, Charles F. Chapman, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Edward J. Dewey. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) James H. Edmonds, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. James S. Hendrickson, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Marshal F. Hulet, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Heman F. Jones, enl, July 26, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. William Johnson, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. William Lussenden, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. William Locke, enl. July 18, 1862. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD INFANTRY, ETC. 133 Boyal W. Lane, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability April 20, 1863. Warren Lane, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Detached as nurse at Camp Cleveland Oct. 12, 1862. William J. Lawrence, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out May U, 1865. Artemus T. Mills, enl. Aug 22. 1862. Julius Nichols, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. Lewis Prindle, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Thomas J. Poole, enl. luly 21, 1862. David A. Pardee, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Died at Danville, Ky., July 13, 1863. John Pieper, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. William D. Ray, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Rodolphus N. Sabin, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Frederick Schroeder, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. James D. Segur, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. William K. Sutton, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Cassius M. Warner, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Frederick Romun, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Aldus Cody, enr. as Corp. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. George W. Brightman, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Lewis Brooker, enl Aug. 6, 1862. James B. Carpenter, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Adjt. Ist. Tenn. Artillery Sept. 17, 1863. Nicholas Boyer, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Died at Tazewell, Tenn., Jan. 4, 1864. Louis Bartlett, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. BenJ. F, Brinkerhoft, enr. as Corp. Aug. 7, 1862. Milo H. Barnum, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Alfred Beck, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Elisha A. Osbom, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Promoted to Corp. COMPANY c. John L. Semple, enr. as Capt. July 12, 1862. Resigned Jan. 9, 1863. Francis M. Thomas, enr. as 1st. Lieut. July 16, 1862. Promoted to Capt. Jan. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. June 12, 1865. John F. Kennedy, enr. as 2d Lieut. July 16, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Jan. 9, 1863. Resigned July 1, 1864. Joseph P. Card, enl. Co. A Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. ; to 2d Lieut. Co. C Jan. 9, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Feb. 17. 1864. Res. Dec. 23, 1864. Edward B. Reynolds, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Richard S. Blossom, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 31, 1862. Disch. for disability Dec. 2, 1862. James Burt, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 6, 1862. Transf. to 183d Eeg. Co. H July 5, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. John Scoville, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 6, 1862. Wilham Haskins, em-, as Corp. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8. 1863. Thomas J. Cottrell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 13, 1863. Charles Smiih, enr. as Corp. July 30, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. Henry B. Lockwood, enr. as Corp. July 31, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1863. William C. Nagle, enr. as Corp. Aug. 1, 1862. Disch. for disability Aug 17, 1863. Isaac S. Moore, enr. as Corp. July 28, 1862. Charles R. Beckwith, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862. Orlando W. Wilson enr. as Corp. July 30, 1862. Disch. for disability Oct. 27 1862. John W illiams, enr. as Drummer Aug. 1, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 27, 1863. Jesse Thayer, enr. as Fifer Aug. 18, 1862. Sylvester Allen, enl Aug. 15, 1862, Charles Bullock, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Disch. for disability March II, 1863. Enoch Brainard, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. Robert Bates, enl. August 14, 1862. Charles Bey nor, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. James Bennett, enl. July 31, 1862. Richard Cattell, enl. Aug. 7. 1862. Promoted to Corp. Felix CUck, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Thomas Cassidy, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp. James Cunningham, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Transf. to 183rd Reg., Co. H July 5, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Edmond F. Denison, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Mustered out May 24, 1865. Silas Dean, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Richard Doran, enl, Aug. 22, 1862. Benj. S. Franklin, enl. July 21, 1862. Thomas Fell, enl. July 31, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Henry Fretter, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., April 8, 1863. John P. Fitzpatrick, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. John Oswald, enl. Jan. 4. 1865. Transf. to 183rd Reg., Co. H, July 5, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. John Gordon, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Thomas Gribben, enl. Aug. ,28, 1862. Mustered out June 5, 1865. Joseph A. Homing, enl. Aiig. 7, 1862. Charles Hammon, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. 17 a John Hodson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Dec. 24, 1862. James B. Hart, eulft&ng. 13.-1S62. David Hughes, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Farncis M. Hazen, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. Thomas Irvine, enl. Aug. 11. 1862. Pied at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 26, 1863, from wounds rec'd in action the day before. Henry Knowles enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Henry Logan, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Charles A. Morrison, enl. July 29, 1862. Transf. to 183d Reg. July 5, 1865 Promoted to Corp. Mustered out July 12, 1865. Timothy Metzger, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Joseph Majo, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. John Montanye, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died at Lexington, Ky., April 5, 1863. Jacob Nodine. enl. July 23, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Kayden Neg gli, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 186f. James Peasnell, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Louis Rolling, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. for disability Nov. 22, 1862. John Sullivan, enl. July 29, 1862. William P. Southern, enl. July 31, 1862. Thomas J. Scoville, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 18. 1863. Charles Schultz, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Edward Strong, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Killed at seige of Knoxville, Nov. 25, 1863. Frederick Smith, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Transf. to 183rd Reg. Co. H, July 8, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Benjamin Sweet, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. D'sch. for disability Jan. 10, 1863. Jacob Vomoss, enl. July 29, 1862. Mustered out May 18, 1865. Andrew Wager, enl. July S0;i862. Promoted to Corp. James Welch, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. John Welch, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Arthur Ward, enl. Aug."22, 1662. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 4, 1863, from wounds received in action Nov. 25. Davis Webster, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. Archibald M. Young, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Duncan McNeil, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Stephen Whitney, enl. July 30, 1862. Alexander Wright, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Joseph Lovely, enr. as Musician March 6, 1864. Transf. to 183rd Eeg. Co. U, July 5, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Patrick Kelley, enl. March 17, 1864. Transf. to 183rd Reg. JulyCo. H] 5, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. COMPANY D. John T. Philpot, enr. as Capt. July 15, 1862. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. L. J. Neville, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Aug. 3, 1662. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Dec. 2, 1862. Res. Feb. 9, 1863. Alanson R. Dixon, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6. 1862. Mustered out May 25, 1865. Hilon R. Horton, enr. as Corp. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out June 28, 1865. John C. Anthony, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Disch. Oct. 8, 1862. John Hunt, enl. July 22, 1 662. William Rothen, enl. July 22, 1862. James Richmond, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Thomas Fell, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. John Conway, enl. July 30, 1862. Wesley Trowbridge, enl. Aug. 13. 1862. Mustered out May. 30, 1865. Morrell E. Seeley, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Franklin A. Smith, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 28, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. A, Aug. 15, 1863. Wilbur M. Sturtevant, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to;ist Sergt. ; and to 2d Lieut. Ang. 25, 1863. Resigned Aug. 14, 1864. Barnabas Brown. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) Samuel M. Armour, enr. as Corp. Aug. 4, 1862. Transf erred to Vet. Res' Corps April 1, 1865. Mustered out July 10, 1865. George D. Upham, enr. as Corp. Aug. 4, 1862. Charles B. Niece, enr. as Musician Aug. 4, 1862. Died at Blue Springs Tenn., Oct. 7, 1863, from wounds rec'd Oct. 5. Seth A. WiUey , enr. as Musician Ang. 4, 1862. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Josiah Averell, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. William M. Bosworth, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Charles H. Bancroft, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. William H. Caley, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. David Cooper, enl. Aug. 12, 1862, Martin Frisby, enl. Aug, 11, 1862. Arthur O. Ford, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. George B. Ford, enl. Aug. 4. 1862. O. A. Gleason, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. R. C. Glea on, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. D. R. Gleason, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Almon H. Griswold, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Corp. George B. Goodsell, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Lucius O. Harris, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Charles rl . Hubbell, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out May 30, 1865. Jason KUby, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Abner C. King, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Serg. 134 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Franklin Lampson, enl. Aug. 4, 1852. Pisch. Jan. 30, 1863. Harvey B. Nash, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Daniel L. Ozmun, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. Jan. 6, 1863. Augustu.s H. Rogers, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out May 24, 1863. Robert Schuyler, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Henry Schuyler, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. George W. Sheffield, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Edwin Valkenburgh, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Daniel W. Baker, enl. Aug. 21, 1868. Alvin Barker, enl. Aug. 21, 1S62, Cornelius Courier, enl. Aug. 13, 1862, Henry S. Devoe, enl. Aug. 11, :862. Transf, to 2nd Battalion Vet. Res. Corps. Mustered out at end of term, Sept. 8, 1865. Henry M. Frizzell, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out May 25, 1865, Frederick Home, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865, Ira Lowdon, Jr., enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Died at Som. erset, Ky.. June 13, 1868. Franklin Lewis enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Ferdinand G, Parr, enl, Aug, 11, 1862, Promoted to Corp. Constantine Eddy, enr. as Corp. Aug. 8, 1863. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Co. b Nov. 16, 1863, Henry Russell, enl, Aug, 15, 1862, Mustered out May 24, 1865, Earl Fisher, enl, Aug. 8, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky,, Feb, 28, 1863, Thomas Martin, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Hamilton D, Dickey, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 9, 1868. Resigned Dec. 3. 1868. Edwin M. Carpenter, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Miles M. Carpenter, enl, Aug, 6, 1868, Died at Frankfort, Ky,, April 80, 1863, Hiram M, Glasier, enl. Aug. 18, 1868. Augustus Kellogg, enl. Aug. 12, 1868, EUjah G, Matthews, enl, Aug, 6, 1862, Porter Wells, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Thomas Budd, enr, as Corp. July 28, 1862, John Barber, enl, Aug, 11, 1862, William Budd, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, Julius Burton, enl, Aug, 81, 1868, Eisch, March 30, 1863, John Cotaper, enl, Aug, 21, 1862, Andrew Dillon, enl, Aug. 11, 1862. George GifCord, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, Perry Mapes, enl. Aug, 18, 1862. James Sickles, enl. Aug. 11, I8i2, Moses C, Gate, enr, as Sergt, Aug, 4, 1862, Promoted to 1st Sergt. William F. Hannaford, enr. as Sergt. Aug, 7, 1862. Mustered out May 11, 1865, Tenner Bosworth, enr, as Corp. Aug, 7, 1862, Promoted to Se:gt, Mus- tered May 30, 1865, William R, Higby, enr, as Corp. Aug. 7, 1862, Disch, Jan. 8, 1863. Melville Bull, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Otis Button, enl. Aug, 7, 1S62, Mustered out June 19, 1865, Worthy F. Bull, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out May 15, 1866. Wallace Baldwin, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Moses Barker, enl. July 22, 1862. Martin V, Deady, enl, Aug, 7, 1862. Almon Dewey, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Page M. Gore, enl, Aug, 6, 1862, Died at Frankfort, Ky,, March 7, 1863, Lyman B. Hannaford, enl, Aug, 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. James M. Harvey, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Earl Kennedy, enl, Aug, 7, 1862. George H. Lowry, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Patrick McGuire, enl. Aug, 8, 1862, Rufus Sibley, enl. July 24, 1862. Henry Shepherd, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Henry Trowbridge, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Burk E. Ward, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. COMPANY E. George W. Tibbetts, enr. as Capt. July 16, 1862. Resigned Feb. 9, 1863. Charles E. Sargeant, enr. as 1st Lieut. July 16, 1862. Promoted to Capt. Feb. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. June 13, 1865. Levi T. Scofield, enr. as 8d Lieut. July 16, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Feb. 9, 1863, and to Capt. Nov. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Lewis S. Dille, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 22, 1862, Promoted to 2d Lieut. Feb. 9, 1863. Detached as Brig. Commissary Aug. 8, 186 i. Promoted to 1st Lieut. March 21, 1864, and to Capt. May 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. John E, Vought, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 81, 1868, Promoted to 1st Sergt, Feb, 9, 1863, and to 1st Lieut, May 29, 1863, Mustered out with the Reg. Orrin M. Gates, enl. Aug. 33, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Chauncey W. Meade, enr. as Sergt. Aug, 4, 1862. George F. Ransom, enr. as Sergt. July 18, 1862, Transf. to Vet. Res, Corps April 1, 1865, Mustered out July 7, 1865, John B. Ferguson, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 15, 1862. Disch. for disability Sept. 14, 1863. Lucien D. Whaley, enr, as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 5, 1863, Oscar D, Holloway, enr, as Corp, July 18, 1868, Jay F, Galentine, enr, as Corp, Aug. 5, 1862. Martin Streibler, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11. 1863. William C. Perkins, enl. Auar. 11, 1863, Promoted to Corp, and to Sergt. James Whalen, enr, as Corp, Aug, 5, 1863, Sent to Hosp. at Lexington. Ky,, Oct, 24, 1868, Charles E, Wallace, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1863, Ti-ansf. to Inv, Corps Nov. 1, 1863, Lucius B, Laney, enr. as Musician Aug. 12, 1862. Ansel Perkins, enr. as Musician July 83, 1862. Abel M. Wilder, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Detached for special duty Feb. 8, 1864. John Andrews, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died at Lexington, Ky., Nov. 7, 1868. Alexander B, Allen, enl, Aug, 6, 1862, Detached for duty at Dept, Hd- Qrs, Nov, 24, 1863, James M, Abbott, enl, Aug, 22, 1862, Died at Stanford, Ky,, April 25, 1863, Andrew Bauder, enl, Aug, 18, 1862. Thomas H. Barrett, enl, July 19, 1862, Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn,, Jan. 18, 1864. Frederick Bigler, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. David Butler, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Disch, for disability Jan, 5, 1863, Thomas Brennan, enl, Aug, 5, 1868, Jacob Bower, enl, Aug. 11, 1868, Transf. to 19th Ohio Battery Aug, 15, 1863, William S, Brown, enl, Aug. 22, 1863. Patrick Campbell, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Argalous T. Cooper, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Detached with Eng. Battalion July 22. 1863. Mustered out June 30, 1865, Charles M, Cobb, enl, Aug, 12, 1862, Died at Frankfort, Ky,, Dec, 15, 1862. Andrew J. Cobb, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. James Cobb, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Andrew R. Elingman, enl, Aug, 8, 1862, Isaac Carpenter, enl Aug, 4. 1863, James Camp, enl, Aug, 15, 1862, Joseph Colbert, enl, Aug. 15, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Feb. 27, 1863. Addison B. Cotterell, enl. Aug. 9, 1862, Taken prisoner at Dandridge Tenn,, Jan, 18, 1864, James DeLong, enl, Aug, 8, 1862, Transf, to Q. M, Dept. Nov. 7, 1863. Peter Dismond, enl. Aug. 9, 1862, John P. Dawson, enl. July 17, 1863, Stebbins B, Ely, enl, Aug, 15, 1863, James Freer, enl, Ang, 8, 1862, John A, Freer, tnl, Aug, 4, 1863, Edward L. Farr, enl. July 31, 1868. Frederick Hinckley, enl. Aug. 33, 1863, Don, D. Hendershott, enl. Aug. 18, 1888. ■ Transf. to Inv. Corps Nov 1 1863, William C. Johnston, enl, July 30, 1862, Disch, for disability Jan, 8, 1863. Allen T. Jordan, enl. Aug. 14, 1868. James Kiely, enl. July 22, 1868, Edward C. Kelley, enl, Aug, 16, 1862. Hosea J. Lewis, enl. Aug. 15, 1863, Mustered out May 18, 1865, Nicholas G. Lundeberry, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, Promoted to Corp, Transf. to the Com, Dept. Nov, 7, 1863, Darius Manchester, enl, Aug, 21, 1863, Seth Mapes, enl, Aug. 11, 1862. Jame.< M. Maple, enl. July 28, 1862. Henry Mott, enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Walter T, Meeker, enl, Aug, 33, 1862. Disch. for disability Deo. 25, 1863. Albert Mollrath, enl, Aug. 6, 1868. Robert Neville, enl. Aug. 13, 1868. Thomas O'Connor, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn., Jan, 18, 1864, Jerome Percival, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Disch. tor disability Jan. 83, 1868. Jabez G. Puffer, enl. July 38, 1863, Promoted to Corp. Henry Puffer, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. John Quayle, enl. Aug. 4, 1868. Left sick at Somerset July 5, 1863. Harmon Reed, enl. Aug. 11, 1868, Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn., Jan. 18, 1864. Died at Andersonville. Ga., May 25, 1864. Augustus Ruby, enl. Aug, 8, 1863, Bingley Russell, enl. July 28, 1862. Delos Shaw, enl. July -22, 1862, • Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn., Jan. 18, 1864. William Smith, enl. Aug, 1, 1863, Taken prisoner at Dandridge, Tenn., Jan 18, 1864. Henry Slater, enl. Aug. 33, 1862. John Silburn, enl. Aug. 11, 1862, Promoted to Corp, Daniel Smith, enl. Aug, 9, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., April 21, 1863. Abram H. Stafford; enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Augustus Thiemer, enl, July 39, 1868, Died al Danville, Ky., Aug. 17, 1863, William Thomas, enl, Aug. 15, 1862. Frederick Towsey, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 8, 1863. Joseph P, Tucker, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Eli T. Wells, enl. Aug. -14, 1868. James G. Watson, enl, Aug. 4, 1868. Promoted to Corp. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD INFANTRY, ETC. 135 Died at Frankfort, Ky., Feb. Albert J. Wetherbee, enl. Aug. 15, 1868. Freeman W. Western, enl. Aug. 15, 186 13, 1863. Thomas Worthy, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Gi: orge Weidman, enl. Aug. ai, 18B2. George W. Simmons, enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Peter Wallace, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out July 11, 1865. George H. Weeks, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. COMPANY F. Constantine Eddy, enr. as Corp. Co. D, Aug, 8, 1862. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Co. F, Nov. 16, 1863, and to Ist Lieut. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Eegt. June 12, 1865. COMPANY a. Moses L. M. Peixotto, enr. as Capt. July 19, 1862. Resigned Dec. 9, 1862. Henry S. Pickand. (See Field and Staff.) Charles D Rhodes, enr. as ad Lieut. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Dec. 9, 1862, and to Capt. May 25, 1864. Resigned April 30, 1865. William Hali, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 15, 1562. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Not, 24, 1863, and to 1st. Lieut. Sept. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry C. Seymour, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. 9, 1862. Resigned July 29, 1863. Sherman B. Taft, enr. as Sergt, Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Jan. 1, 1864. William H. Wheelock, enr,.,«s Sergt. Aug. 14, 1862. Adonijah Elliott, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 18, 1062. Promoted to 1st Lieut, in 1st U. S. Col. Heavy Art. Feb. 29, 1864. Frank Bushman, enr. as Corp. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 9,1862. Robert L. Heury, enr. as Corp. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1864. Theodore Kemer, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. March 1, 1864. Lemuel T. Dennison, enr. as Corp. Aug. 16, 1862. Mustered out May 11, 1865. William D. Field, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Disch. for disability May 6, 1863. Thomas R. Babb, enr. as Corp. July 26, 1862. William H. Leggett, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps, April 1, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 19, 1865. Nathan W. Hawkins, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Taken pris- oner Jan. 18, 1854. Thoipas Farmer, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Delos W. Turner, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Robert Woodward, enl. July 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. - Peter Hatzell, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Moses Ackley, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Lucius F. Alexander, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Richai d Armstrong, enl, Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability May 8j 1863 . David Bacchus, enl, Aug. 6, 1862. Matthew Bash, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. George H. Barker, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Adam Beckley, enl. July 28, 1862. Jacob Btrner, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Calvin S. Cramer, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out May 24, 1885. Benj. F. Campbell, enl. Aug. 12, 1862, Warren J. Coe, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 21, 1863. William S. Gumming, enl. Aug. 1 1, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. Lawrence T. Carroll, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. William Canty, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. John G. De Fries, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Harry De Graff, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Daniel E. Daley, enl. Aug. 22, ;862. Died at Lexington, Ky., Nov. 10, 1862. Charles EUsasser, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Jacob Gastner, enl. Aug. 18, 1862, James Gage, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. James Hart, enl, Aug. 30, 1862. Ansel Jordan, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Taken prisoner Jan. 18, 1864. Orson Jordan, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out June 3, 1865. Peter Joy, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Charles D. Knapp, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. for disability June 8, 1863. Joseph King, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Nov. 22, 1862. James E. Lamb, enl. Aug. 4. 1863, William M, Lewis, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Died at Knoxville, Tenn,, Dec, 12, 1863, from wounds rec'd Nov. 25. Peter Leoschot, enl. Aug. 16, 1863. Robert Logan, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Disch. Sept. 29, 1863. Adam Miller, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Taken prisoner Jan. 18, 1864. John H. MoCormick, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Charles McGuire, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Mustered out May 13, 1865. Peter Melia, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. John Nicely, enl. Aug. 7, 1863. John Nicholson, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. James Pomeroy, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Levi Perrin, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Alvin B. Rhodes, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Peter Ryder, enl. July 24, 1862. John R, Reublin, enl, Aug. 15, 1862. John Stanley, enl. July 23, 1862. Henry Deal, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Frank Shrier, enl. July 28, 1862. Reuben Smith, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Matthew Sands, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Jacob Spain, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Dec. 24, 1863, from wounds rec'd Nov. 25. John Spencer, enl. Aug. 20, 1863. Peter Sullivan, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Jerome N. B. Stockwell, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. James TrufHer, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. George Thorn, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. William Thompson, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. John Urben, enl. Aug, 14, 1862. John Penstal, enl. Aug. 3, 1862. George Wagner, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Charles Witham, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Gedrge Witham, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. James Wilson, enl. Aug. 22, 1862 William Williams, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. John Brennan, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. John Jones, enl. Aug. 28. 1862. COMPANY H. Delbitt C. Hotchkiss, enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. A July 22, 1868. Prom, tb 2d Lieut. Nov. 24, 1862. ' Transf. to Co. H July 1, 1863, and made 1st Lieut. Reigned Jan. 9, 1864. Frederick Ambrose, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Died April 37, 1863. John Jarrett, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Taken prisoner at Dandiidge Jan. 18, 1864. Philip Lewis, enl. Aug. 4, 1868. Transf. to Invalid Corps Nov. 8, 1863. Harrison McClay, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 23, 1864. Joseph Mathews, enl. July 25, 1862. , Died at Frankfort, Ky., March 26, 1863. COMPANY I. Henry M. Stevens, enr. as Musician April 2, 1864. Transf. to 183d Reg., Co. D, June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Thomas Allen, enl. March 12, 1864. Transf. to Co. D., 183d Reg., June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Henry W. Baldwin, enl. March 17, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Reg., June 13, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Henry M. Brainard, enl. March 10, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Reg., June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Cass-us B. Hanna, enl. March 10, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Reg., June 18, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Almon Hawn, enl. Feb. 35, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Beg., June 13 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Charles E. Lowman, enl. March 13, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Reg., June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Albert K. Mixer, enl. March 23, 1864. Transf. to Co. D, 183d Reg., June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Wilfred F. Blatherwick, enl. April 5, 1864. Transf. to Co. H, 183d Reg. July 8, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. John McLaughlin, enl. March 8, 1864. Transf. to Co. H, 183d Reg., July 8, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. John Ruddick, enl. May 6, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 183d Reg., June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Charles F. Stillman, enl. April 8, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 183d Reg,, June 12, 1865, Mustered out July 17, 1865. Christian Snyder, enl, March 13, 1864. Transf, to Co. A, 183d Reg., June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Alexander M. Wilson, enl. March 10, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 183d Reg., June 12, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Charles E. Gratz, transf. from 5th Cav, Jan, 13, 1864. Mustered out Oct. 17, 1864. ONE HUKDRED AND FOURTH INFANTRY. COMPANY A. Daniel M. Stearns, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Nov. 37, 1862; to 1st Lieut. May 9, 1864, and to Capt. Co, F Feb. 28, 1865. Miller Fording, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Transf. to Co, I, 183d Reg., June 22, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. John Henry, enl. Oct. 4, 1864, Transf. to Co. 1, 183d Reg., June 22, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. COMPANY F, Daniel M. Stearns, promoted from Co. A to Capt. Co. F Feb, 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg, - COMPANY H. Daniel Boyer, enl . Feb. 5, 1864. Transf. to 183d Reg., Co. G, June 15, 1S65. Mustered out July 17, 1865. James Howard, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Transf. to 183d Reg., Co. G., June 16, 1865. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Adam Rhinehart, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Transf. to 18^ Reg , Co. G, June 15, 3865. Mustered out July 17,. 1865. . • " . 136 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. C H A P T E R X X V 1 1 . OWE HUNDBED AND SEVEKTH INFAKTKY, ETC. When raised— Companies B and E from Cuyahoga— In Kentucky— For- tifying Washington — Chancellorsvilie— Crushing Disaster— Heavy Loss — Surgeon killed— Gettysburg— The First and Eleventh Corps driven back— Loss of the One Hundred and Seventh— Early's Attack, onthe Second of July— His repulse— Further Loss— Capture of the Flag of the Louisiana " Tigers "—Wounded Officers— A Hundred and Eleven Muskets left^-OfE to South Carolina— Thence to Florida— Back to South Carolina— Skirmishes at Devaux Neck— Capturing Artillery— On Pro- vost Duty— Mustered out and sent Home. The One Hundred and Seventh was a German regi- ment, raised in July and August, 18t)2, and mustered in at Camp Taylor, (Cleveland,) on the 35th of the latter month. Company B was entirely from Cuya- hoga county; having a hundred and eight names on its roll during the war. Company E was principally from the same county; having sixty-six Cuyahoga men in its ranks. These, with a few each in Compa- nies A, D, F, G, H and 1, made a total of two hun- dred and fifteen members of the One Hundred and Seventh from this county. The regiment moved to Coviugton, Kentucky, op- posite Cincinnati, in the latter part of September, but remained there only a short time. It was soon taken to Washington, D. C, and set to building for- tifications. Early in November it moved into Vir- ginia, and was soon made part of the Eleventh corps, commanded by Gen. Sigel. After several unimpor- tant marches in Northern Virginia, and after being encamped at Brooks' Station during the winter, the Eleventh corps, then under Gen. Howard, marched with Hooker to the disastrous field of Chancellorsvilie. On that field the corps was assailed by the fiery legions of Stonewall Jackson, its line broken and all its regi- ments hurled back in swift retreat. The One Hun- dred and Seventh had about a hundred and fifty men taken prisoners, besides about seventy-five killed and wounded. One of the few cases of a surgeon's being killed in action occurred at this time; Dr. C. A. Hartman, of Cleveland, the surgeon of the One Hun- dred and Seventh, being the victim. After a short rest the remainder of the regiment marched rapidly northward to aid in driving Lee from Pennsylvauia; reaching Gettysburg on the morn- ing of the first of July. It was stationed on the right of the advanced lines of the Union army, and was speedily attacked by the enemy. As is well known, the two advanced corps, (the First and Eleventh,) notwithstanding some successes in the beginning, were driven back after the death of Gen. Reynolds through the village of Gettysburg to Cemetery Hill; taking up a position there, in the afternoon, in which they eventually won the victory. While thus falling back before the enemy, about two hundred and fifty out of the five hundred and fifty men of the One Hundred and Seventh were killed, wounded or taken prisoners. When the army turned to bay on Cemetery Hill, under the leadership of Hancock and Howard, the shattered regiment steadily maintained its position, and lay on its'arms during the night. On the 2d of July this regiment, with its corps and the whole Union army, firmly held the position as- signed to it. Just before sunset Early's command made a desperate assault upon the Eleventh corps, but was driven back after a furious hand-to-hand con- flict with very heavy loss. In this charge the One Hun- dred and Seventh had about a hundred and fifty more- men killed and wounded. The celebrated Eighth Louisian -'Tigers" assailed the position held by this regiment, but found their masters in the sturdy Ger- mans of northern Ohio. In the melee Adjutant Peter F. Young, (now police judge of Cleveland) captured the battle-flag of the "Tigers," but was himself severely wounded. In the coui'se of the battle Lieut. Col. Mueller was severely wounded, as were also Captain. Steiner, (mortally) Captain Speyer, Captain Fisher,, and several other officers. On the third day of the battle the One Hundred and Seventh was not seriously engaged. When the regiment joined in the pursuit of the rebel army, it carried but a hundred and eleven mus- kets. With these it accompanied the forces of Gen.. Meade into Virginia, but, as is well known, nothing was done to prevent the escape of Lee. About the 1st of August the One Hundred and Seventh, now somewhat stronger but still very feeble, sailed to South Carolina. It was stationed on Folly Island until February, 1864, though making twa brief excursions on to other islands in the vicinity.. In the latter part of February it moved to Jackson- ville, Florida, where it remained most of the time until December; the monotony of camp life being un- broken save by a few skirmishes, and by a mid-sum- mer expedition of a month to Fernandina, in tlie same State. The latter part of December the regiment was taken back by sea to Devaux Neck, in South Carolina. It remained only a few weeks, but during that time had several skirmishes with the enemy, in which five men were killed and fifteen wounded. After brief service at Pocataligo Station and other points in the vicinity, it marched to Charleston, and thence went by boat to- Georgetown. On the 23d of March the regiment defeated a rebel force at Sumterville, capturing three pieces of artill- ery. Its last exploit was to capture and destroy a train of cars near Singleton's Plantation, with thirteen locomotives and a large quantity of ammunition, etc. Soon after the surren(ier of Lee's army the regiment returned to Charleston, where it acted as provost guard until the 10th of July. It was then mustered out, sent back to Cleveland and discharged. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Seraphim Meyer, enr. as Col. Sept. 16, 1862. Resigned because of physL cal disability Feb. 8, 1864. Charles Mueller, enr. as Lieut. Col. Aug. 82, 1862. Wounded at Gettys- burg. Resigned on account of disability, Oct. 22. 186.3. George Arnold, enr. as Capt. Co. H, 24th Inf. April 24, 1861. Promoted to Maj. 107th Inf. Aug. 86, 1862. Resigned Aug. 23, 1863. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTH INFANTRY, ETC. 137 August Vignos, enr. as Capt. Co. H, Sept. 6, 1862. Lost right arm at Gettysburg. Promoted to Maj. Aug. 21, 1863. Res. because of disa- bility Sept. 30, 1864. Charles A. Hartman, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 20, 1862. Killed on duty at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1868. Franz Schill, enr. as Asst. Surg. May 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Beg. July 10, 1865. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Jacob W. Mangold, enl. Sept. 25, 1863. Promoted to Hosp. Steward Dec. • 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Augustus Schylander, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Promoted to Hosp. Steward Sept. 10, 1862. Disch. bpcause of disability June 1, 1864. William C. Huy, enl. Sept. 30, 1863. Promoted to Chief Musician Nov. l, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry Neytheus, enr. as Musician Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Chief Musician Nov. 1, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. COMPANY 4. Joseph MuUer, enl. Sept. 23, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 13, 1865. Mustered out April 30, 1866. John G. McCauley , enl. Sept. 25. 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 13, 1865, Mustered out April 30, 1866. Jacob Ernst, enl. Oct. 5, 1863. Disch. on account of disability at Jack- sonville, Fla.. June 11, 1864. Jacob W. Mangold. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) COMPANY B. August J. Dewaldt, enr. as Capt. July 28, 1862. Wounded at Chancel- lorsville. Res. on account of disability March 28, 1864. Peter F. Young, enl. as 1st Sergt. Aug., 15, 1862. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Nov. 15, 1862, to 1st Lieut. March 6, 1363, and to Capt. Dec. 1, 1863. Hon. disch. Dec. 1), 1864. Anton Millert, enl. as Sergt. Aug, 12, 1868. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Jan. 12. 1863, to 1st Lieut. Aug. 11, 1864, to Capt. March 18, 1865. Mustered out July 10, 1865. John H. Brinker. enl. as Corp. Aug. 22, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1863, to 2nd Lieut. Oct. 16, 1863, to 1st Lieut. Jan. 15, 1864, to Capt. Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865. J. Julius Sebastian, enl. as 1st Lieut. July 30, 1862. Resigned on account of disability March 8, 1863. Gerhard H. Albers, enl. Aug. 32, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Nov. 12, 1863, to Sergt. Jan 1, 186 ', to 1st. Sergt. Sept. 3, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Nov. .3, 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Conrad Deubel, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 26, 1862, to 1st Sergt. Sept. 1, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Nov. 3, 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Christian Schreiner, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. Sept. 9, 1862, to 2nd Lieut. Nov. 14, 1868, to 1st Lieut. Feb. 28, 1863. Res. Dec. 10, 1863. John Mohr, enr. as 2nd Lieut. July 25, 1862. Res. Nov. 16, 1862. Jacob Windelspecht, enr. as Corp. Aug. 14, 1862. Prom, to Sergt. Jan. 1. 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Thomas A. Griffln, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1868. Prom, to 1st Sergt. Nov. 81. 1864. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Peter Kramer, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1868. Prom, to Sergt. July 1, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Fridolin Hirz, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Prom, to Corp. June 1, 1863, and Sergt. Nov. 21, 1861. Mustered out July 10, 1865. WilUara F. Fathaner, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Nov. 1, 1863, and Sergt. Sept. 3, 1864. Wounded at Devaux Neck Dec. 89, 1864. Mus- tered out July 10, 1865. Charles F. Bruggemeier, enl. Aug. 82, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Nov. 18, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Augustin Penser, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Jan. 1, 1864. Mus- tered out July 10, 1865. John Rothermel, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Prom, to Corp. May 1, 1864. Mus- tered out July 10, 1865. Daniel Seachrist, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Prom to Corp. May 1, 1864. Mus- tered ont July 10, 1865. Andrew Lieber, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Sept. 3, 1864. Mus- tered out July 10, 1865. Emil Zeidler, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Nov. 1, 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Edward Weiss, enl. Aug. 7, 1868. Prom, to Corp. Jan. 15, 1865. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Conrad F. Hornung, enr. as Musician Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Beg. John Albert, enl. Aug. 19, 1863. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Rejoined the Co. Oct. 20, 1863. Mustered out July 13, 1866. Meleheor Amsler, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Wounded at Chancellorsville May 2, 1863. Henry AlthoiT, enl. Aug. 22, 1868. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Gottlieb Brown, enl. Aug. 14, 1868. Mustered out July 13, 1865. Jacob Bless, enl. Aug. 21, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. 18 Charles Bohn, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Martin Diehlman, enl-.=;Aug. 12. 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Henry Eichler, enl. Aug, 5, 1862. Wounded at Devaux Neck Dec. 29, 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Jacob Furst, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Andre Hug, enl. Aug 9, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Converse J. HiU, enl. Aug. 17, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Mathias Hildebrand, enl. Aug 13, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. John H. Hill, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Mustered out July, 1875. Jean Hodel, enl Sept. 9. 1S62. Mustered out July 10, 1865. .John Hemmei ling, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 18,1863. Mustered out July 10' 1865. Henry Henshen, Aug. enl. 22, 1862. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July 1, 1863 Rejoined the Co. Oct. 30, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Valentine Kissel, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Peter Koch. enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1-63. Michael Kirchner, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. William F. Krug, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Missing since battle of Chancellors- ville, May 2, 186J. Lewis Watson, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Jobst H. Mueller, enl. Aug. 82, 1862. Missing since Gettysburg. Henry Splate. enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. August H. Stohlman, enl. Aug. 22. 1868. Mustered out June 13, 1865. John H. Stiegelweier, enl. Aug. S3, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. John Stahl, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered ont with the Reg. Augustin Selig, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Henry Stehr. enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. John Schneider, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Frederick Fitzemeier, enl. Aug. 33, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Philip G. Vosselmann, enl. Aug. 31, 1868. Mu=itered out July 10. 1865. Lewis H. Weisenborn, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Peter Weber, enl. Aug. 18, 1863; Mustered out July 10, 1865. Henry Wacker, enl. Aug. 80, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Conrad Weiss, enl. Aug. 83, 1863. Mustered out June 30, 1865. Lewis Able, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. on account of disability March 11, 1863. Peter Hoffman, enl. Aug. 14, 1868. Promoted to Corp, April 1 , 1862. Dis- charged because of wounds received at Gettysburg. .July 2, 1863. Adam Bradenstein, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. for disability May 15, 1836. Saul Demoline, enl. Aug. 8 , 1863. Disch. for disability Dec. 4, 1863. Christopher Goetz, enl. Aug. 32, 1862. Disch. for disability July 33, 1863, Martin Holzhauer, enl. Aug. 19, 1863. Disch. for disability Oct. 26, 1863. Joseph Kol, enl. Aug. 13. 1862. Disch. for disability March 18, 1863. Frank Lang, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 5, 1864. John Law, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. for disability April 27, 1863. Gustav Priefer, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability June 10, 1864. Wounded at Gettysburg, 'July 1, 1863. Frederick Rok, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Disch. for disability July 24, 1863. Leonhart Reinhart, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Disch. for disability March 18, 1863. Gerhart H. Schreiber, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Disch. for disability June 15, 1865. Frederick H. Toensing, enl. Aug 83, 1862. Lost a leg at Gettysburg, July 1st, and was disch. in consequence July 15, 1863. Abraham C. Langacre, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability June 25, 1885. Joseph Livingston, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out July 13, 1865. Henry Young, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 16, 1S62. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Was transf. March 7, 1864 to the Invalid Corps. John W. Joven, enr. as Musician March 17, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1665. Mustered out 30th April, 1866. Stephen Alge, enl. Oct. 9, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 8, 1865. Disch. at expiration of term Oct. 9, 1865. John Fry, enl. Aug. i, 1868. Mustered out July 18, 1865. Gustav A. Augspurger, enl . Sept. 30, 1863. Transf. to 2Sth Inf. July 3, 1865. Disch. at end of term Oct. 9, 1865. Patrick Calahan, enl. March 17, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mustered tut April 30, 1866. Alois Daul, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Transf. Marc h 15, 1864, to Invalid Corps Mustered out J une 26, 1865. Patrick Dillon, enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Transf. to 25th Int. July 8, 1865. Disch Feb. 24, 1866. Ernst H. Fathauer, enl. Aug. 23, 1863. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1. 1863. Trans. Jan. 10, 1865, to Invalid Corps. Mustered out June 17. 1865. Gabriel Fertig, enl. Oct. 7, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mus tered out Aug. 1, 1865. Henry Fight, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Transf. to 86th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus. tered out April 30, 1866. James Goudy, enl. Nov. 27, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus- tered out April 30, 1866. Andrew Ganter, enl. Aug. 1, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus- tered out April 30, 1866. Peter Hirz, enl. Dec. 81, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 36, 1865. Anton Hillerick, enl. Nov. 31, 1863. Transf. to 33th Inf. July 2, 1865. Disch. Nov. 4, 1863. 138 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUKTY. Joliii H. Horst, enl. Oct. 7, 1863. Transf. to SSth inf. July S, 18C5. Disch. Nov. 4, 1865. Witliam C. Huy. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) William Lauchly, enl. Deo. 13, 1863. Transf. to -iWh Inf. July 8, 1865. Mustered out April 30, 1866. Michael Maloney, enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Transf. to asth Inf. July 3, 1865. Died at Chester, S. C, Oct. 12, 1865. John McCormick, enl. Nov. 29, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mustered out April 80, 1886. George Mueller, enl. March 15, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 8, 1865, Mustered out April 30, 1866. Christoph Mario, enl. Deo. 30, 1863. Transf. to 26th Inf. July 3, 1865, Died Aug. 3, 1865. William Pluss, enl, Oct. 7, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus- tered out Aug. 1, 1865. Samuel Pflster, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mus- tered out April 30, 1866. William Pendleton, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mustered out April 30, 1866. James Pendleton, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865. Disch. Nov. 11, 1845. Frederick Prasse, enl. Oct. 9, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus- tered out Aug. 4, 1865. Henry Rasp, enl. Oct. IT, 1862. Transf. to Invalid Corps Nov. 26, 1863. Mustered out Aug. 2, 1865. Frank Rothermel, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg. Transf. to Invalid Corps March 14, 1864. Frederick W. SchafEer, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1, 1863.- Transf. to Invalid Corps Jan 10, 1865. John Schaab, enl. Oct. 30, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Disch, at end of term Oct. 20, 1865. John Schmehl, enl. Sep:. 30, 1863. Transf. to 25th Int. July 2, 1865, Disch. Sept. 30, 1865. Gottlieb Schwartz, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865, Mustered out Aug. 1, 1865. Julius Sohoeneweg, enl. Jan. 18, 1864. Transf. to 35th Int. July 3, 1865. Mustered out 30th April, 1866. John Traxel, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. to 25th Int. July 3, 1865. Mua- tei ed out 30th April, 1866. Christian Wanger, enl. Dec. 39, 1863. Transf. to 85th Inf. July 3, 1865, Mustered out 30th April, 1866. John Wanger, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Transf. to 2.5th Inf. July 8, 1866. Mus tered out .30th April, 1866. Hermann Wehagen, enl. Jan. 6, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mustered out 30th April, 1866. Frederick W. Weber, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Wounded at Chancellorsville. Transf. to Invahd Corps March 15, 1864. Matthias Fry, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 17, 1862. Died July 18, 1863 of wounds received at Gettysburg July 1st. Frank H. Prasse, enl. Aug. 22, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 28, 1862. Killed at Chancellorsville May 2, 1863. John Lerr, enl. Oct. 7, 1863. Killed at Devaux Neck Dec. 29, 1864. William H. Heiss, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Died of typhoid fever Aug. 23, 1863. John Jacob, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Died in hospital at Cincinnati, April 32, 18'- 3. Frederick Kroll, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg, and died in prison at Richmond, Va., Nov. 3, 1863. Christoph Eiehm, enl. Aug. 23. 1862. Died at Folly Island, S. C, Sept. 18, 1863. Matthias Wokaty, enl. Aug. 14, 1863. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Died at Annapolis, Md., April 3, 1864. Christian Rebman, enl. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1862. Missing from May 2, 1863. COMPANY D. John T. Lohn, enl. Aug. 33, 1863. Taken prisoner at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. COMPAKY E. Otto Weber, enr. as 1st Lieut, and Adjt. Prom, to Capt. Dec. 32, 1862. Resigned on account of disability March 6, 1863. Re-commissioned as Capt. April 3. 1863, and mustered out with the Reg. John M. Lutz, enr. as 2d Lieut. July 28, 1863. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Oct. 13, 1862, and to Capt. May 1, 1863. Resigned on account of disability Aug. 30, 1864. John J. Houck, enl. as Sergt. Aug. 19, 1863. Prom, to 1st Lieut, Aug. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. 10th July, 1865. •George Kunz. enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Oct. 14, 1862; to Sergt. Nov. 1, 1863; and to 1st Sergt. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with Reg. Phaip Geist, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 14, 1862, and to Sergt. Dec. 16, 1862 Mustered out with the Reg. Henry Deuble, enl. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1^63. Prom, to Sergt. Aug. 34, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. John A. Feuerstein, enl. as Corp. Aug 13, 1863. Prom, to Sergt. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Sigmund Rosenfeld, enl. as Corp. Aug. 5, 1863. Mustered out with Reg. John Fenz, erd. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. John Buechler, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Jan. 18^ 186.3. Wounded at Gettysburg July 1,1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Joseph Rothgesy, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Prom, to Corporal Feb. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. , . ,, .v, o John B Allen, enl. as Corp. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. John Busick, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Keg. Charles Buettner, enl. Aug. 82, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry Froehlick, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry Feldkamp enr. as Sergt. Aug. 14, 1863. Mustered out with Reg. Jacob Jucker, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Adam Kleinsmidt, enl. Aug. 32, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Ernst Loock, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Missing from Gettysburg, July 1, 186-1 Henry Ruhl, enl. Aug. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Emil Umlauft, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 3, 1862. Mustered out with the Reff Jacob Weislogel, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Philip Zenger, enl. Aug. 32, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. July 10, John Schrink, enr. as Capt. July 28, 1863. Resigned because of disabU- ity Nov. 30, 1868. ,. ^ . ,^„, Christian Greenwald, enl. Aug. 4, 1868. Disch. for disability Jan o 1863. Marx Haberer, enl. Aug. 32, 1863. Disch. for disability Feb. 2d, 1863. Louis Ras, enl. Aug. 30, 1853. Disch. for disability Nov. 29, 1863. Ferdinand Schrink, enl. Sept. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Deo. 16, John Sanders, enl. Aug. 8, 1863. Disch. for disability July 16, 1863. Frederick Timm. enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. for disability March 12, 1863. Carl Beyerly, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps, Nov. 19, 1863. PhiUp Schwartz, enl. Aug. 19, 1862. Mustered out July 8, 1865. John Brown, enl. Jan. 37, 1884. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 8, 1865. Mus- tered out Nov. 7, 1865. Piatt Benjamin, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 3, 1865. Mus- tered out Nov. 7, 1865. John Crane, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Transf. to 85th Int. July 2, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 1, 1865. Reported sick in Hospital March 1, 1866. Jocob Danzer, enl. Sept. 30, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 30, 1868. George Ellsworth, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Transf. to 2Sth Inf. July 3, 1865. Mustered April 80, 1866. Christian Gobel, enl. Sept. 3D, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 1, 1863. Mustered out June 28, 1865. George Hugill, enl. AprU 6, 1864. Transf. to 3Dth Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus- tered out July 26, 1865. Henry Hoffman, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps July 37, 1863. Mustered out June 86, 1865. Jacob Hanri, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 33, 1864. Jacob Luder, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 16, 1864. John Mueller, enl. Aug. 31, 1868. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 15, 1864. Mustered out June 89, 1865. George Ody. enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1866. Mus- tered out Nov. 7, 1866. Joseph Sheppard, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Clans Verseman, enl. Aug. 28, 1863. Transl. to Vet. Res. Corps March 31, 1864. Mustered out June 37, 1865. Gotf ried Weidenkopf , enl. Oct. 16, 1868. Transf. to 35th Inf. July 3, 1865, Mustered out Oct. 15, 1865. John Zahn, enl. Aug. 88, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 16, 1864. Christian Faifel, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 14, 1862. Died July 18, 1863, from ' wounds received at Gettysburg, July 1. Jacob Hof, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died July 4, 1863 from wounds rec'd at Gettysburg. John A. Lamly, enl. Aug. 2, 1862J Died at Brook's Station, Va., May 19, 1863. Anton Martin, enl. Aug. 82, 1863. Killed at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Martin Schmidt, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Died at Spafford C. H., Va., Jan. 34, 1863. Jacob Snyder, enl. Aug. 19, 1882. Killed at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Henry B.inkman, enl. Aug. 30. 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Andrew Gaul, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Jacob Kaspars, enl.Aug. 33, 1862. Mustered out July 10, 1865. lliles Mullen, enl. Aug. 20, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. John A. Beltz, enl. Aug. 31, 1862. Disch. for disability Sept. 25, 1863. Michael Tolman, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability July 24, 1863. John Oswalt, enl. Aug. 22, 1868. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 3, 1864. Mus- tered out with the Reg. July 10, 1865. Williaui Peter, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry L. Norris, enl. Aug, 33, 1868. Disch. for disabiUty June 10, 1804. Jacob Nau, enl. Aug. 19, 1863. Disch. for disability April 18, 1863. Frank Ruppender, enl. Aug. 5, 1863, Promoted to Corp. Feb. 19, 1863. and to Sergt. July 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. July 10, 1865. Jacob Bash, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corporal January 18, 1863. Wounded at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Michael Frank, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. Jacob Halfalder, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. John Puohola, enl. Aug. 15. 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 139 Martin Ruppender, enl. Aug. 9, 1862, Mustered out with the Keg, Christian Link, enl. Aug. 15, 1862, Disch. because of physical disability March 19, 1863. Albert Mueller, enl. .\ug. 16, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Ees. Corps March 15, 1864. Henry Waichenand, enl. July 31, 1862. Transf, to Ver. Ees. Corps Sept. 1, 1863, Charles Jones, enl. Jan, 29, 1864. Transf . to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus- tered out 30th April, 1866. COMPANY P, John G. Fott, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Mustered out 10th July, 1865. Matthias Wagner, enl, Aug, 22, 1862. Mustered out 10th July. 1865. Klaus Diensti enl. Jan. 13, 1865. Transf, to a5th Inf, July 2, 1865. 1 isoh. at end of term Jan. 13, 1866. Henry Neytheus. (See Non-com. Staff.) William F. Emmert, enl. Aug 14, 1862. Disch, for disability Aug. 25, 1863. Be-enlisted and promoted to Corp. Aug. 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. July 10, 1865. Peter Schoiles, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Mustered out March 17, 1865, William Paol, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Reg. Henry Bechtel, enl. Sept, 13, 1862, Killed at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Christian Berger, enl. Aug. 14, 1872. Died at Folly Island, Oct. 8, 1!;63.] Christian Meier, enl. Sept, 10, 1862. Died in Hospital at Charleston, S, C, April 19, 1865. COMPANY ». John Bahl, enl. Sept. 19, 1862. Talcen prisoner at Gettysburg. George Rahrig, enl. Sept, 9, 1862, Wounded at Chancellorsville, May 2, 1863. Rudolph H, SchlmpfE, enl. Sept. 9, 1862, Disch. because of disability Nov. 2, 1864. Charles Wimar, enr. Sergt, Aug. 22, 1862. Disch. April 9, 1863. " Thomas Walter, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Transf. to Vet, Res, Corps Jan, 5, 1864. George Herrick, enl. Aug. 22, 1862, Transf, to Vet. Res. Co-.ps, Aug, 23, 1868, Reinhard Creeger, enl. Aug, 20, 1862. Captured at Chancellorsville May 2, 1863. Gottfried Zisky. enl. Aug. 12, 1862, Disch, for disability July 23, 1863, Edward Johnson, enl. Dec. 9, 1863. Transf. to 25th Inf, July 2, 1865, Mustered out April 30, 1866, Charles Lynes, enl. Nov. 16, 1864. Transf, to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865, Disch. Nov. 15, 1865. Joseph Juchern, enl, Oct. 29, 1862. Killed at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863, COMPANY H. August Vignos. (See Field and Staff.) Augustus Schylander. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Theodore Baldinger, enr, as Musician March 26, 1864. Transf, to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Disch. tor disability Aug. 1, 1865. COMPANY I Louis Sehoeneweg, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Disch. Aug, 18, 1863, on account of disability. Re-enlisted in Co. B as priv. Deo, 24, 1863, Promoted to Corp. Jan. 15. 1865. Mustered out July 10, 1865, Gottlieb Muntz, enl, Oct, 2, 1862, Transf. to 25th Inf. June 2, 1865. Disch. Oct. 2, 1865. John Schorr, enl. Nov. 1, 1862. Transf, to 25th Inf, June 2, 1865, Disch. Nov. 1, 1865. Gottlieb Aff older, enl. Aug. 22, 1862, Wounded at Chancellorsville, Va., May 2, 1863. Mustered out June, 1865. Gordian Speck, enl. Aug. 5, 1862, Promoted to Corp. April 18, 1863. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Richard Feederie, enr. as Capt. Sept. 6, 1862, Res, May 12, 1863, Robert Dietzold, enl. Oct. 20, 1862. Transf. to 25th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mus- tered out Nov. 7, 1865. John Ley, enl. Oct, 11, 1862. Transf, to 26th Inf. July 2, 1865. Mustered out Aug, 2, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH INFANTRY. This regiment had but thirteen members from Cuy- ahoga county. It served from the autumn of 1863 to the summer of 1865, in Kentucky and Tennessee, being divided into detachments, some of which were employed to garrison block-houses, while others were mounted and sent to chase guerrillas. The rebels several times attacked the block-houses garrisoned by the One Hundred and Fifteenth; capturing them about half the time, and being defeated the other half. A battalion of this regiment was at Murfrees- boro when it was attacked by Gen. Buford, in De- cember, 1864, and aided in utterly defeating the rebels. Eighty-three paroled prisoners of the regi- ment lost their lives by the explosion of the steamer Sultana, on the Mississippi, near Memphis. Dis- banded in July, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY 0. Orin A, Bishop, enl, Feb, 13, 1865. Transf. to Co, C, 188th Reg, June 27, 1865, Harmon H. Bliss, enl, Feb, 13, 1865. Transf. to Co. C, 188th Reg. June 27, 1865, Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865. Francis W. Bliss, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Transf. to Co. C, 188fch Reg. June 27, 1865. Disch. Sept. 5, 1865. Jeremiah H. Cranmer, enl. Feb. 13, 1865, Transf. to Co. C, 188th Reg. June 27, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865. Barney Conley, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 15, 1864. Abraham Truby, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1861. John Wilkins, enl. Feb. IB, 1865. Transf. to Co. C, 188th Reg. June 27, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865. James L. Cook, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864, Mus- tered out May 20, 1865, Washington Moon, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864. Mustered out May 20, 1866. James C. Cook, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864, Lost on the Sultana April 27, 1865, John Fitzwater, enl, Feb. 26, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864. Died in prison at Meredian, Miss., Jan. 1, 1865. Christopher Maley. enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Taken prisoner Dec. 5, 1864. Lost on the Sultana April 27, 1885, COMPANY G. Albert A. Herkner, enl. Jan. 12, 1865. Transf, to Co. G, 188th Reg. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out Sept 21, 1865, William Peat, enl, March 8, 1864, CHAPTER XXVIII. ONE HUNDBBL) AND T WE WT Y-FOTIKTH INF ANTRT. One of the Largest Three-Years Contingents from Cuyahoga — Number in the Regiment and in the Companies— Slow Recruiting— The Field Officers— Stationed at Franklin— A Dangerous Reoonnoisance— The Unionists defeated— The Regiment saves the Artillery, etc.— Sickness- Moving to Manchester— Over the Mountains— The Beginning of Chick- amauga-^Furious Firing-— Steadiness of the One Hundred and Twenty- fourth— Change of Position— The Front Line gives way— Slowly falling back — The Next Day — Building Breastworks— Repelling the Enemy — Helping Harker— The Rebels again Repulsed— General Defeat of Rose- crans' Army— The Retreat— Loss of this Regiment — The Capture of Racoon Mountain— The Advance- Attacking Mission Ridge— Captur- ing the First Works - Up the Mountain— Complete Victory — Seven Cannon captured— The Regiment's Loss— Relieving Knoxville— Hard- ships of the Winter— The Atlanta Campaign— Rocky Face Ridge and New Hope Church— Col. Payne a Brigade Commander— Siege and Capture of Atlanta-^Atter Hood— Battle of Nashville— Subsequent Services — Mustered out and disbanded. One of the largest contingents furnished by Cuya- hoga county to any three-years regiment was that which entered the ranks of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio Infantry. The total number dur- ing the war was four hundred and eighty-eight; of whom a hundred and ten were in Co. A; three in Co. B; eighty in C; twenty-five in D ; thirty-three in E; sixty-eight in F ; twenty-one in G ; seventy-four in H ; six in I ; and sixty-two in K. There were also seven in the field and staff, on the original roster, be- sides those subsequently transferred from the com- panies. Thus it will be seen that Cuyahoga was rep- resented in evei'y company; even in Co. I, which was 140 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. raised in Cincinnati. All the other companies were recruited in northern Ohio. Owing to the immense drain already made on the county, the raising of the regiment was a slow and arduous task; having been begun in July, 1862, and being hardly completed on the first day of January, 1863, when the command marched into Cleveland from its rendezvous at Camp Taylor and took the cars for Kentucky. Its field officers were Oliver H. Payne, colonel ; James Pickands, lieutnant-colonel ; and James B. Hampson, (previously a captain in the First Infantry,) major. It had but seven hundred and fifty men when it left Cleveland, but the addition of the Cincinnati com- pany brought it up to the minimum regimental size. After a short stay at Elizabethtown and Louisville, Ky., the regiment went by steamer down the Ohio and up the Cumberland to Nashville. Thence it marched to Eranklin, Tennessee, which place was the headquarters of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, until the following June. On the 5th of March the regiment as a part of a temporary brigade com- manded by General Oolburn, while on a reconnoisance to the southward, was met by a heavy force of the enemy and a hard battle of two hours length ensued, in which the Union forces were badly defeated. The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was ordered to guard the ammunition train, and did so with great fidelity, but, on that account, was not engaged in the main part of the fight. Although General Colburn and more than half his men were captured, the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth succeeded in saving not only the train but the artillery. During the remainder of its stay at Franklin the regiment suffered severely from sickness, but never- theless made great progress in its drill, and also aided in building several important fortifications. On the 3nd of June it moved forward, and after a mouth's marching and countermarching went into camp at Manchester, Tennessee. At Readyville, just previous to this, the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was assigned to Gen. Hazen's celebrated brigade, the for- tunes of which it afterwards shared. The regiment, being in a rich agricultural country, lived well while at Manchester, recovered its health, and at the same time maintained a high standard of military efficiency. On the 16th of August the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth moved forward with Rosecrans' ami}', crossed the Cumberland mountains, rested a fortnight in the Sequatchie valley, forded the Tennessee river on the night of the 9th of September, and the next day camped at Lee & Gordon's mills. After another week of waiting and reconnoitering, on the morning of the 19th of September the battle of Chickamauga begun. While the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was standing to arms on the State road, heavy firing was heard on the left front. At eleven o'clock the regi- ment took ground to the left and then advanced toward the enemy. In a short time the rebel bullets began to whistle over the heads of the soldiers. The regiment immediately deployed into line of battle with great coolness, although every instant the rebel fire increased, becoming murderous by the time the line was completed, and although this was the first time the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth had been seriously engaged. The battle now raged with deadly energy. The regiment which is the subject of this chapter stood up to its work as steadily as the best-seasoned veterans of the army, and for houi's returned the rebel fire with volley for volley, until all its ammunition was expended and it was relieved for the purpose of allowing the men to replenish their cartridge-boxes. This being done, they again advanced and directed their fire against the enemy. After another period of furious fighting, the regi- ment was placed on the left of the brigade, in the sec- ond line. Scarcely was this done when the front line gave way for a long distance, and a crowd of de- moralized men came rushing back through the ranks of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth, followed by the exultant confederates, who made tlie welkin ring with the well-known "rebel yell."' Yet the regiment still stood firm, and returned their fire with deadly aim; being aided by two batteries on its left. On its right, however, the second line had also given way, and the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth was also obliged to retire. It did so, however, slowly and in good order, delivering volley after volley, and com- pelling the rebels to halt and reform their lines; thus giving to the Unionists time to rally, and in fact per- manently checking the Confederate advance at that point. Just at dark heavy firing war again heard on the left, and the regiment moved in that direction. But the darkness soon put a stop to the battle, and the wearied men of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth lay down to rest with their arms by their sides, only a short distance from the front of one of the rebel divisions. The next morning the men were up at dawn, and immediately improvised a breastwork of logs and rails, from behind which to check the foe. The latter soon appeared, and again the battle began. The rebels came rushing on with all their well-known impetuos- ity; striving with desperate energy to carry the breast- work and to capture a battery which was stationed on the right of the One .Hundred and Twenty-fourth. But the grape and canister of the battery and the bullets of the regiment were too much for even the fiery valor of the Southern legions, and again, and again they were driven back with terrible loss from the slight but well-manned rampart of logs and rails. About three o'clock in the afternoon they gave up the task and retired. The regiment was then moved to the right in sup- port of Harker's brigade, and was soon in front of the enemy. He was crowding hard upon the brigade just mentioned but an accurate and sustained fire ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 141 from the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth soon caused' him to retire. The same result followed when he appeared on the right; the regiment chang- ing front and pouring in its vollies with deadly effect. But it was now nearly dark, and the battle as a whole had been extremely disastrous to the national arms. Many regiments were entirely broken up, and both Crittenden's and McGook's corps were so badly shattered that a retreat was deemed absolutely ne- cessary. Accordingly, after dark, the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth with numerous other regiments took the road to Rossville; lying in line of battle at that point during the night. The next day it was in line under artillery fire, covering the withdrawal of the trains. It again retreated at night, and on the next day — the 22d of September — encamped with the rest of the army at Chattanooga. The entire loss of the already thin regiment, in killed, wounded and miss- ing, during the battle, was one hundred and forty; the commander, Colonel Payne, bemg among the wounded. At Chattanooga, the army was on half rations fdr a short time, but was relieved on the appearance of Grant, Sherman and Hooker, with large reinforce- ments from Vicksburg and the East, when communi- cation was opened with the north. The regiment took part, on the night of the 26th of October, in the important movement of Hazen's brigade which enabled Hooker to reach Chattanooga. The command slipped quietly down the Tennessee past the rebel sentries, landed, and in spite of the heavy fire opened upon it as soon as it was discovered, rushed up the acclivity and took possession of Racoon mountain, a short distance below Lookout. A pontoon bridge was quickly built over the river — notwithstanding several vigorous but fruitless attacks of the enemy made in the effort to prevent it — on which Hooker's two corps crossed, and passed on to Chattaooga. After returning to Chattanooga and lying there nearly another month, the One Hundred and Twenty- fourth advanced in the front line of battle on the 33d of November, and aided in capturing the range of hills lying in front of Mission Ridge driving away the enemy, taking possession of his works, and imme- diately throwing up fortifications facing the other way, toward the frowning heights of Mission Ridge, from whieh the men were annoyed, but not much retarded, by a heavy fire of artillery. Hooker's battle of Lookout Mountain occupied the next day, but on the afternoon of the 25th the whole army advanced, at the signal of six cannon shots fired in rapid succession, and moved swiftly toward the great rebel stronghold of Mission Ridge, one of the strongest positions in the world by nature, and fortified by Bragg's army through months of labor. The advanced works of the Confederates were situ- ated at the foot of the ridge. In front of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth there was an open field, over a third of a mile wide, which was swept by the fire of the enemy. The regiment pushed rapidly for- ward over this space, firing as it advanced, and soon had the satisfaction of seeing some of the rebels re- treat up the mountain. The men rushed forward with a cheer, captured the works in an instant, and at once opened a heavy fire on the retreating Confed- erates. The latter, howevei- — those of them who did not fall before the Union bullets — soon reached the shelter of the works on the top. of the ridge, and the occupants of the latter soon opened a mur- derous artillery fire on the position of the One Hun- dred and Twenty-fourth. The situation was precarious. The commander of the regiment did riot understand his orders to reach beyond the capture of the works at the foot of the ridge. But the men did not feel like lying there un- der fire long, and in a very short time officers and soldiers by a unanimous impulse raised a shout and began scrambling up the mountain. C innon balls, grape, canister and rifle bullets came tearing amongst them, but on they went, cheered by the sight of their comrades on either side engaged in the same task, and in a short time the whole long but irregular line reached the top of the ridge, dashed forward against the rebel breastworks, carried them with scarcely a moment's pause, and turned the cannon which had defended them against their late possessors. Seven pieces of artillery were the pi-ize of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio. Twenty-three men were killed in the charge and only four wounded. This was a remarkable reversal of the usual results, as there were generally four times as many wounded as killed. It was probably due to the fact that the rebels, stationed on the moun- tain, generally shot over their opponents, but when they did hit them hit their heads or the upper parts of their bodies, inflicting fatal injuries. ^ Only five days afterwards the regiment set out to relieve Knoxville. Longstreet, however, abandoned the seige before the relieving army could arrive. The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth remained in East Tennessee during the winter of 1863-4, suffering the numerous hardships which have made that winter memorable to so many Union soldiers. In May, 1864, the regiment set forth on the Atlanta campaign. It was warmly engaged at Rocky Face Ridge, suffering severely in a charge against the en- emy's inti'enchments, as it did also at New Hope Church, where Lieutenant Colonel Pickands was badly wounded. At Pickett's Mills Major James B. Hampson was killed while serving on the staff of General Wood, the commander of the division. About the 1st of July General W. B. Hazen, to whose brigade the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth still belonged, was promoted to the command of a division, and Colonel Payne took his place as brigade commander. With its comrade regiments the regi- ment took part in the siege of Atlanta, and the flank- ing movement to Jonesborough which compelled the surrender of the former place. With them, also. 18 a 142 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. it marched northward, at first in the rear of Hood and then passing by him, as described in the sketch of the Forty-first Infantry, and reaching Nashville the last of November, 1864. On the 15th of December it moved forward with Thomas' army to attack Hood, and on the following day took an active part m the decisive battle of Nash- ville, which resulted in one of the most complete vic- tories won by the Union arms. After following Hood to Huntsville and remaining there several months, the regiment was sent to East Tennessee. Thence after another uneventful period it was ordered to Nashville, where it was mustered but on the 9th of July. It was immediately sent home to Cleveland, paid off and disbanded. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUKTT. FIELD AND STAFF, Oliver H, Payne, enr. as Lieut. Col. Sept. 11, 1863. Promoted to Col, Jan. 1, 1863. Resigned Oct. 25, 1864. James Pickands, enr. as Major Oct. 25, 1862. Promoted to Lieut. Col. Jan. 1, 18&S. Mustered out July 9, 1865. James B. Hampson, enr. as Major Jan. 1, 1863. Killed in action at Pick- ett's Mills May 37. 1864. William Treat, enr. as Sergt. Co. A Aug. 9, 1862. Promoted to Q. M. S., to 2d Lieut. June 1", 1863, and to 1st Lieut, and Reg. Q. M. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out with Co. June 12, 1865. Deviitt C. Patterson, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 22, 1882. Promoted to Surg. May 3, 1863. Mustered out July 9, 1865. James W. Smith, enr. as Surg. Aug. 20, 1862. Resigned Jan. 31, 1863. SethD'. Bowker, enr. as Chaplain Jan. 1, 1863. Resigned Sept. 9, 1863. Albert Lewis, enr. as R. Q. M. Dec. 1, 1862. Resigned Sept. 3, 1863. NOX-COMMISSIONED STAFF. .Charles C. Leonard, enr. as Corp. Co. A Aug. 10, 1862. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. May 1, 1864. Mustered out July 9, 186.5. William A. Reed, enl. Co. A. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Com. Sergt- Oct. 1. 1863. Mustered out July 9, 1865. Charles D. Collins, enr. Corp. Co. H Oct. 7. 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. and to Com. Sergt. June 9, 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1,^65. James Powell, enr. as Corp. Co. H Sept. 16, 1862. Promoted to Com. Sergt. Dec. I, 1863. Peter R. Granel, enl. Sept. 13, 1862. App. Hosp. Steward Nov. 19. 1862. Mustered out July 19. 1865. Eugene L. Stryker, enr. as Musician Aug. 8, 1862. Trans, to Staff as Prin. Musician July 1, 1863. Mustered out June 9, 1865. George Foster, enr. as Musician Aug. 14, 1862. Appointed Prin. Musi. cian July 30, 1863. Mustered out June 9, 1865. Clark A. Fish, enr. as Musician Feb. 28, 1864. Promoted to Chief Musi- cian Junel, 1865. Mustered out July 9. 1865. William Wilson, enr. as Capt. July 25, 1862. Resigned Feb. 18, 1865. Haskell F. Proctor, enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. F July 26, 1802. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Co. G May 10, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Sept. 18, 1864, and to Capt. Co. A Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out June 9, 1865. Cleveland Van Dorn. enr. as 1st Lieut. July 26, 1862. [See Co. D.] Alexander C. Caskey, enr. as Corp. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Oct. 13, 1864. Mustered out with to Co. July 9, 1865. George Doubleday, enr. as 2d Lieut. July 26, 1862. Resigned June 13, 1863. Charles D. Hammer, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. G May 23, 1863. Andrew O'Brien, enl. Nov. 18, 1863. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. William O. Finney, enl. Nov. 14, 1863. Died at Clinton Cross-roads Feb 1, 1864. Thomas Maskall, enl. Nov. 9, 1863. Died at Nashville June 27, 1864. Jacob Segmeier, enl. Oct. 20, lo62. Died at Manchester, Tenn., July 31 1863. Edward Sweeney, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Died in Andersonville prison Oct 85, 1864. William Barberic, enl. Oct. 30, 1863. Disch. Aug. 8, 1864. Samuel Carpenter, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Disch. Aug. 89, 1864, on account of wounds. John C. Durian, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. Samuel Bates, enl. Nov. 14, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Nicholas Ex, enl, Oct. 2S, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Huddeu, enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. ^ Richard Hudson, enl. Nov. 5, 186-3. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. William Jewett. enl. Nov. 22, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. John McGurk, enl. Nov. 16, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Dars Offolder, enl. Nov. 17, 1863. Left in Hosp. at Nashville June 1, 1865. John Sweeney, enl. Dec. 4, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Arthur Webster, enl. Nov. 16, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. July 9, 1865. Thomas Stevenson, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. June 9, 1865. William Schubert, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1864, and to Sergt. June 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Empson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 19, 1863. Par- oled May 23, 1865. Mustered out June 23, 1865. Isaac H. Gould, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Herbert T. Green, enl. Aug. 5, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Jonn W. Gould, enl. Aug. 18. 1862. Died in Andersonville prison Sept. 12, 1864. Elijah Trow, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 9, 1863. Edwin A. Kent, enl. Aug. 12, 1868. Disch. William H. Clague, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862. Transf. to Eng. Corps Aug. 15, 1864. Thomas Cowley, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to Eng. Corps Aug. 15, 1864. Samuel H. Quayle, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Eugene L. Stryker. (See Non-Com. Staff.) George E. Goodrich, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 6, 1868. Transf . to Vet. Res. Corps. Nov. 21, 1864. Charles C. Leonard. (See Non-Com. Staff.) George W Wing, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Died Oct. 1, 1863, from wounds rec'd at Chickamauga Sept. 19. Thomas Gifford, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Killed at Pickett's Mills May 87, 1884. George F. Parsons, enl. Aug. 10, 1862. Promoted to Coip. Killed at Pickett's Mills May 27, 1864. Edward G. Bartlett, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Died at Nashville Aug. 6. 1864, from wounds rec'd in action. John H. Bartlett, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Died at at Franklin, Tenn., March 10, 1863. Adelbert L. V- ing, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. June 9, 1865. Richard Wykes, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Elisha M. Holden, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Wounded at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864. Mustered out May 15, 1865. Adrian C. Stone, enl. -iug. 10, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Stephen P. Wing, enl. Aug. 10, 1863. Died at Middleburg, 0., Jan. 6, 1865. Frederick J. Bartlett, enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Transf. to U. S. Col. Troops and promoted to Lieut Orlando H. Church, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. George H. Foster, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Promoted to Corp. because of wounds. Isaac Hardy, enl . Aug. 6, 1862. Disch . May 18, 1865, for disability caused by wounds William Treat. (See Field and Staff.) Oliver E. Ellsworth, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 10, 1863, and to Sergt. May 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John E. Duncan, enl. July 27, 1862. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1864, Mustered out with the Co. Zera Ellsworth, enl. July 30, 1868. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1864 Mustered out with the Co. Franklin Fuller, enl. July 31, 1863 Promoted to Corp. April 1, 1865. Mustei-ed out with the Co. John P. Lamb, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 30, 1863. William H. Selover, enr. as Sergt. July 31, 1863. Died Sept. 25, 1863, from wounds rec'd at Chickamauga. Elam A. Smith, enr. as Corp. July 30, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga. , May 27, 1864. Edwin N. Gates, enl. Aug. 3 1862. Wounded at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Musteredout June 12, 1865. David Z. Herr, enl. Aug. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Ct. William F. Losey, enl. July 27, 1863. Taken prisoner Sept. 19, 1863. Henry Schnerrer, enl. Ang. 7, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 19, 1863. Willis Cornwall, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 15, 1864. Henrv Kenfleld, enl. Aug. 9, 1868. Killed at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 1% 1863. John Litchfield, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Killed at Mission Ridge, Tenn., Nov. 35, 1863. Adam Sipe, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Benjamin Herr, enl. Aug. 7, 1863. Died at Nashville Aug. 13, 1864. Hiram Thompson, enl. Aug. 11, 1862 Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov. 1663, David Yost, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., April 11, 1863. Edward Brainard, enl. Aug. 14. 1863. Disch. Sept. 13, 1864. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 143 George J. Duncan, enl. July 27, 1868. Diseh. July 13, 1863. George H. GateS) t^nl. Aug. 14, 186'j. Disch. at Manchester, Tenn. Christian Lingler, en!. Aug. 3, 1863, Disch. May 11, 1865. Theodore A. Selover, enl. July 27, 1862. Disch. Feb. 10^ 1863. Henry B. Wallace, enl. Aug. 3, 1862. Disch. June 16, 1865. Sanford R Brainard, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Transf. to the Invalid Corps. George W. Brown, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Transf. to the Invalid Corps. Edwin Foots, enl. Aug. 14. 1662. Transf. to Invalid Corps Feb 20, 1864. George Foster. (See Non-Corn. Staff.) Daniel Herr, enl. Aug. 7, 1882. Trans, to Vet. Res. Coips. Ralph H..Shepard, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. t) Vet. Res. Corps: Michael Beck, enl, Nov. 18, 1863. Transf. to Co. D June 8, 1865. Mus- tered out July 9, 1865, £ben W. Garzee, enr. as Corporal Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn.. Nov. 13, 1863, from wounds rec'd in action. Lewis M. Watkins, enl. Aug., 14, 1862. Mustered out with Co. June 9, 1865. Charles Gibbs, enl. Aug. 10, 18i)2, Transf. to Vet. Kes. Corps March 2, 1864. Mustered out June 29, 1865. Jacob Vosler, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Knoxvllle, Tenn. , March 4, 1864. Gottlieb Reuss, enl, Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corporal April 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. June 9, 1865, Wilbur F. Russell, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 17, 1863. Oscar Van Avery, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with Co. June 9, 1865 Elvert M. Shepard, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Charles E. Austin, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. Orlando Austin, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. Samuel H. Ames, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Chauncy D. Hall, enl. Aug, 11, 1882, Disch. Job Hamlin, enl. Aug. 14, '.862, Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 21, 1864. Thomas Hammond, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Jime 3,' 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Peter Kyser, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Gilbert C. Porter, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. May 28, 1865. William A. Reed, (See Non-Com. Staff.) Andrew K. Rose, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1864, and to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1864. Mustered out with Co. Ozias C. Smith, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. Aug. 15, 1863, for disability. Harrison F. Henry, enr. as Corp. Aug. 6, 1882. Promoted to Sergt. Killed at Chickamauga, Ga., Sept. 19, 1863. Andrew Crittenden, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1864. Taken prisoner Jan. 19, 1865. John Lovejoy, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. William Bryan, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Wounded at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863, Sent to Hosp. at Cleveland, O. John Hogeman, enl. Aug, 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Gottlieb Schwartz, enl. Aug. 9, 1882. Mustered out with the Co, Jonathan Wyeth, enl, Aug. 4, 1882, Died at Annapolis, Md., Dec. 2, 1863, George N. Miner, enl. Sept. 5, 1862. Disch. Jan, 19, 1885, on account of wounds, COMPANY B. Charles D. Hammer, enr. Sergt. Co. A, Aug. 4, 1862. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Co. G, May 23, 1863, Transf to Co. B June 3, 1865, Mustered out June 9, 1865. Alfred Bowman, enl. Sept, 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. June 9, 1885. John M. Bowman, enl. Oct. 20, 1862, Transf. to Co. E. Mustered out June 30, 1865. COMPANY 0, Robert Wallace, enr. as Capt. Oct. 15, 1862. Resigned May.l9, 1863. Daniel Stratton, enr, as 1st Lieut, Oct. 15,1862 Promoted to Captain May 20, 1863. Resigned Oct. 25, 1863. John B. Irwin, enr. 2nd Lieut. Co. G, Nov. 13,1862. Prom, to Capt. Co. C, April 8, 1864, Died June 24, 1864, of wounds received inaction June 12th, James T. McGinness, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Co. H, Sept. 29, 1862. Prom, to Ist Lieut. Co. F, April 17, 1863, and to Captain Co. C, Jan. 20, 1865, Mustered out July 9, 1S65. Samuel B. Payne, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Co. H, Aug. 2, 1863. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Co. C, Sept. 18, 1884. Killed in action at Nashville, Dec. 16, 1884. John O'Brien, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Oct. 15, 1862. Resigned April 21, 1863. John P. Lamb, enr. 1st Sergt, Co, A, July 30, 1862. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Co. C, May 19, 1863. Resigned June 20, 1863. John Stevens, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept, 20, 1862. David Shaughnessey, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Promoted to Sergeant Dec. 10. • 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 9, 1866. William Rednep, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Promoted to Sergeant Feb. 1, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Montgomery, enr. as Corp. Sept, 30, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Murphy, enl. Sept. 27, 1862. Promoted to Corporal Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Roche, enl. Dec. 2P, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Melvin L. Shepard, enl. Sept, 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Isaac Taylor, enl. Sept. 25, 1862. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus tered out with the Co. Joseph Benson, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Promoted lo Corporal June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. ^ Samuel J. Brown, enr. as Musician Sept. 30, 1882. Mustered out with the Co. William Lathrop, enr. as Musician Feb, 8, 1864. Mustered out with Co George W. Andrews, enl. Feb, 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Davis, enl. Nov. 20, 1862. Mustered out May 30, 1865. Lyman Fuller, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered out July 10, 1865. Frederick Goode, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Luke Green, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Joyce, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Lingera, enl. Jan 27, 1864, Mustered out June 24, 1865. Richard Lee, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. James McDonald, enl. Sept. 15, 1862. captured at Chickamauga, Sept. 19. 1883. Exchanged and sent to Camp Chase, O., May 3, 1865. Mus- tered out luly 8, 1865, Timothy Mahoney, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Newnham, enl. Nov. 29, 1862. Wounded Dec. 16, 1864. Mustered out June 5, 186.3. William Quigley, enl. Sept. 30, 1882. Captured at Dandridge, Tenn. Jan, 19, 1864. Exchanged and sent to Camp Chase Deo. 1, 1864. Mustered out May 29, 1865. Riley L. Rood, enl. Feb. 20, 1864, Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Kyde, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. William shanley, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles E. Styre, enl. Deo. 26, 1863. Mustered out with tue Co. Martin Smith, enl. Sept 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. AmosC. Sexlou, tnl. Oct. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Robert K. Wilde, enl. Sept, 30, 1862, Mustered out with the Co, John Lynch, enr. as Corp, Sept. 17, 1862. Died in rebel prison at At- lanta, Ga., Aug. 15, 1864. Reuben B. Abbey, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp . Died at Nash- ville, Tenn., Feb. 16, 1864. Orange E. Bushon, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Killed in action May 27, 1864, Michael Ducey, enl. Jan. 16, 1884. Killed in action May 27, 1864, James W, Forsyth, enl, Oct, 18', 1862. Died in hospital at Cleveland, 0., Nov. 25, 1862. John Fritz, enl. Oct. 13, 1882. Died Nov. 28, 1863, of wounds received at Chattanooga. Samuel Ferguson, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Died at Jetfersonville, Ind., May 31, 1864. John Hopwood, enl. Oct. 17, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Aug., 1884^ from wounds received in action. Thomas Johnson, enl. Sept. 17, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Feb. 28, 1864. Charles A. MoBaue, enl. Sept. .30, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn. James MoCort, enl. Sept. 30, 1362. Died at Nashville, Tenn,, June 29, 1864, from wounds received in action, James Mcintosh, enl, Dec. 29, 1862. Died at Chattanooga Nov. 20. 1863. Arthur Quinn, enl. .Sept, 30, 1862, Died at Dover, Tenn,, Feb. 5, 1863. Patrick Murphy, enl. May 17, 1864. Died in Andersonville prison .'^pril 14, 1865. John Ray, enl. Aug. 1, 18C3. Killed in action at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 18, 1864. Thomas Willey, enl. Nov. 22, 1862. Died from wounds reo'd at Chicka- mauga, Dec. 10, 1863. Egbert Hicks, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Nov. 22. 1864. Josiah M. Holt, enr, as Sergt. Sept. 30, 1862. Disch. for disabihty May 20, 1863. Frank Roche, enr. as Sergt. Aug, 23, 1882, Disch, for disability. John R. Tudor, enr, as Corp. Oct. 9, 1862. Disch. for disability Aug. 1. 1864. Thomas C. Ault, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. William W. Cushing, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Transf. to 125th Int. John D. Cole, enl. Dec. 22, 1863, Disch, on account of wounds reo'd in action, March 5, 1885. James Cullerton, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Disch. for disability. July 19, 1864. John A. Dodson, enl. Nov. 20, 1883. Disch. for disability. May 16th, 1865. Henry L, Engleson, enl. Jan. 28, 1864. Mustered out May 13, 1885. Thomas S. Gardner, enl. Jan, 8, 1863, Disch. for disabihty March 18, 1863, Alfred L. Jago, enl. Sept. 30, 1862, Disch , for disability March 10, 1864. John H, Jennings, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Disch. Nov. 32, 1863. John MoWilliams, enl. Jan. 22, 1864, Disch. for disability. Patrick Joyce, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Disch. on account of wounds rec'd in action May 24, 1865. William A. Lowrie, enl.Feb. 22, 1864. Disch. April 15, 1865. Hugh McGuckitt, enr. as Corp, Sept, 18, 1862. Disch. because of wounds. Reuben Ritter, enl. Sept. 30, 1882, Disch. for disability. William Rayen, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Disch. for disability April 10, 1863. Franklin Stillson, enl. Sept. 30. 1862, Discii, for disability Nov. 16, 1863. Henry Slack, enl. March 1, 1864. Disch. for disability Sept. 8, 1864. Wallace Walworth, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Disch. May 28, 1865. 144 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Dexter Lane, enr. as Sergt. Sept. ar, 1862, Trans, to Vet. Hes. Corps. George Fox, enl. Sept. 30, 18B3. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Clark A. Fish. [See Non-commissioned Staff.] Jacob Money, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Richard Putt, enl. Sept. 26, 1862. Wounded and sent to Columbus, O., Sept. 4, 1864. James Walsh, enr. as Corp. Sept. 20, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 28, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 1, 1865. John Anderson, enl. Dee. 1, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Aug. 10, 1864. COMPANY D. Cleveland Van Dorn. enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. A .luly 26, 1862. Promoted to Capt. Co. D Aug. 8, 1864. Mustered out with Co. June 9, 1865. Hiram H. Bowman, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 9, 1865. Herbert W. Ashford, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Herman E. Beckwith, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore R. Evans, enl. Dec. 29, 186-3. Mustered out June 2-3, 1865. Albert E. Hudson, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George Jones, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Left in Hosp. at Cleveland, O., Dec. 13, 1864. George Johnson, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Mossier, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ananias Mossier, enl. fan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Tranklin Myers, enl. Dec. 27, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Arthur Murphy, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Orlando Porter, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Augustus Raser, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Redecar, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Schoenholtz, enl. Dec. 11, 186-3. Mustered out with the Co. Nelson Vond, enl. Dec. 21, 186:3. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Watkins, enl. Jan. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Hudson, enl. Dec. 11, 1868. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. Edward Homan, enl. Aug. 23, 1863. Died at Bull's Gap, Tenn., April 23, 1865. Michael O'Donovan, enl. Dec. 14, 186:1 Disch. for disabiUty Dec. 27, 1864. Daniel Driscnll, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Disch. for disability March 29, 1865. Frank W. Smith, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Disch. June 7, 1865. John King, enl. Jan. 83, 1864. Disch. on account of wounds rec'd May 16, 1865. COMPANY E. Thomas J. Carron. enr. as 1st Lieut. Oct. 89, 1862. Resigned Jan. 10, 1864. Terence A. Dempsey, enl. as Sergt. Co. H Sept. 19, 1862. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Co. D June 19, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Co. E March 2, 1864. Killed before Nashville, Dee. 16, 1864. William Carron, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 20, 1862. Died June 23, 1863. Josiah Flick, enr. as Corp. Oct. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. for disability May 8, 1863. Peter Burkett, enr. as Corp. Oct. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability Feb 13 1865. Frank Hartman, enr. as Musician Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. June 12, 1865. Albert AUeman, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the Co July 9 1865. Harold A. Cores, enl. April 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Sholl, enl. May 15, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co . James Benson, enl. Oct. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. John M. Bowman, enl. Oct. 80, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Euchre, enl. May 12, 1863. Taken prisoner May 27, 1864. Christopher Houghton, enl, Oct. 4, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. John W. Harper, enl. Feb. 14, 1863. William Lawless, enl. July 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Louis Mogler, enl. May 88, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Sutton, enl. April 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Spangler, enl. Oct. 10, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. George Turner, enl. April 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Thomas, enl. May 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Myron Crocker, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Died at NashviUe, March 30, 1863. Carrollton Romengoburg, enl. May 19, 1863. Killed near Dallas Ga May 87, 1864. Zenas Parker, enl. April IS, 1863. Died in Andei-sonviUe prison Sent 14 1864. f y ■ , Ira Wade, enl. April 25, 1863. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1863 KiUed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1864. Thomas Baker, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability July 6 1864 WUllam T. McDowell, enl. Sept. 30, 1868. Disch. from Ho-p.'March 25 1865, ' Michael Rourke, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Disch. for disability Dec 26 1862 Wilham Stoner, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Disch . for disability Dec 26 1862 ' James Sweeney, enl. May 11, 1863. Disch. for disability July 30 1864 James Larkin, enl. Oct. 82, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Disch June 20 lb63, ' James McGuire, enl. Oct. 19, 1802. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Richard Reed, enl, Oct. 21, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. John Stagmire, enl. May 8, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. COMPANY F. Horace E. Dakin, enr. as Capt. Oct. 30, 1862. Resigned March 1, 1863. John C. Smith, enr. 2d Lieut. Co. I, Jan. 30, 1863. Promoted to Ist Lieut. Co. C, March 12, 1864, and to Capt. Co. F, Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1865. Sherbourne B. Eaton, enr. as 1st Lieut, and Adj't Oct. 1, 1862. Pro- moted to Capt. Co. F, Nov. 23, 1863. Resigned Nov. .3. 1864. Andrew J. Moulton, enr. as 1st Lieut. Oct. 30, 1862. Resigned March 4, 1863. Oliver P. Mcllrath, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 1, 1862. Resigned Jan. 27, 1863. John E Crandall. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. April 1. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 9, 1865. Charles Hammond, enl. Sept. 25, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Butler, enl. April 29, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Williams, enl. May 5, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Sylvester Adams, enl. Oct. 13, 1832. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out wuh the Co. John Bently, enl. Dee. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. May 30, 1865. Mus. tered out with the Co. Mason Ketchum, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. May 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James A. Bowers, enl. May 26, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Cisco, enl. May 6, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 12, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. James Lennon, enl. Jan. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 12, 1865. Mustered out wih the Co. Alfred Curtis, enl. May 1, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 12, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Samuel Chapman, enr, as Musician Sept. 12. 18B2. Mustered out with the Co. Almon Aiken enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Beach, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Hugh Buc»ley, enl, Sept. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Robert Bennett, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 9, 1863. Adam Babb, enl. Nov. 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Crosby, enl. April 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Leonidas N. Crossland, enl. March 14. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Coates, enl. Deo. 16, 1863. Mustered out June 8, 1865. Adam Dinges, enl. April 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Levi Forsyth, enl. Sept. 15, 1862. John Mitchell, enl. March 20, 1863. Taken prisoner Jan. 30, 1864. Deter Nicholas, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Ryan, enl. March 34, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Christopher Smith, enl. Oct. 19, 1863. Wounded May 27, 1864. Christian Stabler, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Lucius Wheeler, enl. Sept. 10, 1862. Samuel Buckhart, enl. Oct. 5, 1862. Died Nov. 10, 1862. Joseph A. Beecham, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Died from wounds. July 5, 1864. John W. Crapser, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 8, 1863. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. Joseph Corann, enl. Oct. 14, 1863. KiUed at Chickamauga Sept. 19. 1863. Christian Grobe, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Died Dec. 9, 1863. John Hart, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Died Jan. 18, 1864. Sherman Sperry, enr. as Musician Sept. 29, 1862. Died April 14, 1863. James Stark, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. Daniel Sherman, enl. Sept. 13, 1862. Died Jan. 10, 1863. John Thoma, enl. Oct. 2, 1862. Killed at Rocky Face Ridge May 10, 1664. Harry F. Adams, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Disch. for disability Dec. 29, 1863. John W. Baird, enl. March 29, 1863. Disch. July 38, 1863. Henry Chapman, enl. Sept. 12, 1862. Disch. May 31, 1865. Jacob Heimbaugh, enr. as Corporal Sept. 11, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. May 27, 1865. Adolphus Hunter, enr. as Corp. Sept. 20, 1862. Disch. April 2, 1863. Franklin Jones, enl. Oct. 6, 1863. Disch. July 18, 1863. Edward Jones, enl. March 24, 1863. Disch. May 2, 1863 Francis James, enl. Sept. 22, 1862. Disch. for disability Dec. A 1862. Frank MoUer, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Disch. for disability June 22, 1863. Anthony Meredith, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Disch. for disability Dee. 10, 1862. John O'Mara, enl. Sept. 25, 1862. Disch. April 18, 1863. Charles H. Ranney, enr, as Sergt. July 26, 1863. Disch. for disabihty Oct. 10, 1863. Christian D. Stellar, enl. Oct. 17, 1862. Disch. April 20, 1863. James V. Smith, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. P, om. to Corp. Disch. May 23, 1865. Alfred X, Seuber, enl. Sept. 33, 1862. Disch. May 18, 1865. John Young, enl. March 29, 1863. Disch. June 16, 1865. Eugene W. Elliott, enl. Oct. 5, 1862. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1862. Prom. to Corp. Deo. 20, 1863; to Sergt. Nov. 5, 1863; and to 1st Sergt Aug. 1,1864. Mustered out June 9, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY. 145 John H. Zeriy. enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1862. Prom. to Corp. March 16, 186.3; and to Sergt. March 1, 1864. Mustered out June 9, 1865. David P. Hodgeman, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1862. Died at Nashviile, Tenn., JIarch 17, 1863. Joseph Holden, enl. Dee. 19, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps May 1, 1864. Haskell F. Proctor, enr. as 1st Sergt. July 26, 1862. Joseph Eeisinger, enl. Oct. 30, 1868. Transf. to Co. Q Nov. 1, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Gordon Shurtliff, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1862. Mus- tered out June 9, 1865. James Williams, enl. Oct. 29, 1862. Transf. to Co. A Nov. 1, 1868. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. Thomas Waltham, enl. Sept. 16, 1868. Transf. to Invalid Corps Nov. 1, 1863. Mustered out June 28, 1865. John N. Mitchell, enl. March 24. 1863. Taken prisoner Jan. 30, 1864. Robert Bennett, enl. Oct. 8, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 9, 1863. COMPANY G. William A. Powell, enr. as Capt. Nov. 13, 1S62. Resigned April 83, 1864. James Brennan, enr. as 1st Lieut. Nov. 13, 1662. Resigned April 28, 1863. John B. Irwin, enr. as 2d Lieut. Nov. 13, 1863. Promoted to Capt. Co. C, April 8, 1864. Thomas Burke, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 20, 1862. Disch. June 7, 1863. George Evans, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Disch. Dec. 5, 1863. Nelson Shurtliff, enl. Nov. 20, 1862. Disch. May 1, 1863. John Miller, enl. Nov. 1, 1862. Transf. to Co. F, Jan. 1, 1863. Disch. April 22, 1803, Patrick Welsh, enl. Nov. 10, 1862. Trarsf. to Co. C, Jan. 1, 1863. Mus- tered out May 30, 1865. Alexander Vandermark. enl. Nov. 10, 1862. Transf. to Co. B, Jan. 1, 1863. Killed at Mission Ridge, Nov. 25, 1863. John Ijinden, enl. Oi t. 28, 1862. Died at Louisville, Ky., June 10, 1863. James Hennessey, enl, Nov. 20, 1862. Transf. to Co. H, Jan. 1, 1863. Disch. June 10, 1863. William M. Parker, enl. Sept. 17, 1862. Transf. to Co. H, Jan. 1, 1863. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Died in Anderson- ville prison Aug. 11, 1864. WiUiam L. Reed, enl. April 11, 1863. Promoted to Corp. July 25, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Christopher Fudron, enl. April 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Ranch, enl. April 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Hiram B. Stevens, enl. April 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Ball, enl. March 28, 1863. Died at Nashville, Aug. 13, 1863. Alexander Baird, enl. April 10, 1663. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. 19, 1863. Burton Hayes, enl. April 16, 1863. Disch. Nov. 10, 1863. James L. Lloyd, enl. April 11, 1863. Disch. John Boyle, enl. March 28,1863. Promoted to Sergt. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps May 23, 1864. COMPANY H. Eben S. Coe, enr. as Capt. Nov. 17, 1862. Promoted to Lieut. Col. 196th Inf. March 36, 1865. John Sterrus, enr. as 1st Sergt. Co. C, Sept. 20, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Co. H, June 30, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Co. B, Sept. 17, 1864, and to Capt. Co. H, April 11, 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1865. James T. McGinness, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sept. 29, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. F, April 17, 1863. Samuel B. Payne, enr. as 3d Lieut. Aug. 2, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. C, Sept. 18, 1864. James Dillon, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 2, 1864, and to Sergt . June 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Allen Blether, enl, Sept. 23, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Robert A. Denham, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Eugene M. Cowdery, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John A. Kriegman, enl. Oct. 29, 1868. Promoted to Corp. May 19, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William M. Conolly, enl, Oct. 16, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Bartlett, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Frank Drake, enl. March 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel N. Dunning, enl. Nov. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Green, enr. as Corp. Sept. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Leo Herrick, enl. Sept. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Hays, enl. Nov. 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas H. Jones, eul. Oct. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob H. Karker, enl. Deo. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Felix Lafayette, enl. Sept. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Reeves Lucas, eiil. Nov. 3, 1863. Mustered out witn the Co, Joseph Mitchell, enl, Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co, Patrick McCarty, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Murray, enl. Oct. 29, 1863. Mustered out July 18, 1865. FrankUn Moore, enl. April 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William MoCaftrey, enl. Deo. (, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. 19 Peter Moore, enlisted Nov, 4, 1863. Left sick at Nashville Aug. 19, 1864. Casper Ohl, enl. Oct. 7. 1868. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Price, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Phelps, enl. Nov. 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Ryan, enl. Nov. 2, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. William Rogers, enl. Oct. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John H. Reed, enl. Oct. 11, 1863. Left sick at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 20, 1865. Daniels. Critchfleld, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel B. Smith, enl. Oct. 10, 1802. Mustered out May 19, 1865. Charles Smith, enl. Sept. 21, 1863. Left sick at Chatta-nooga Nov. 28, 1863. Jacob Suitor, enl. April 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Wolf, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Wilkeson, enl. May 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. WiUiam W. Wilcox, enl. March 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry E. Lowi ey, enr. as Corp. Oct. 7, 1868. Promoted to Sergt. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. Nelson Lent, enr. as Corp. Sept. 12, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. John Doyle, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 11, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Oct. 10, 1863, from wounds reo'd at Chickamauga Sept. 19. Samuel H. Harrison, enr. as Corp. Oct. 6, 1862. Died at Manchester, Tenn., July 84, 1863, Edward Dangerfleld, enl, Oct, 27, 1862, Died at Cleveland, 0., Jan. 4, 1863. Darwin L. Goble, enl. Oct. 7, 1862. Died at Franklin, Tenn., March 5, 1863. Charles A. Gregory, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Samuel Kemp, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Oct. 10, 1863, from wounds rec'd at Chickamauga Sept 19. John McDermot, enl. Oct. 9, 1862, Died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 1, 1865. ?hiUp Noll, enl. Jan. B, 1864. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. William Nicholson, enr. as Corp. Sept. 17, 1862. Killed at Pickett's Mills, Ga., May 27, 1864. John C, Hurley, enl. Sept. 34, 1863. Captured May 37, 1864. Died in An- dersonville prison Sept., 1864. David Sellers, enl. Dec. 29, 186). Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., June 2, 1864, from wounds rec'd May 9. Ephraim 6. Staples, enl. April 6, 1863. Killed at Chickamauga, Sept. , 19, 1863. Terence A. Dempsey, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 19, 1862. Gardner Barber, enl. Oct. 8, 1862. Disch. Feb. 20, 1863. David W. Sturgiss, enl. Sept. 10, 1862. Disch. July 18,:i863. William H. Pepperday, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 6, 1863. Disch. Sept. 15, 1863. Andrew Fridley, enl. May 25, 1863. Disch. Oct. 10, 1863. Basil L. Spangler, enl. Oct. 19, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut, in U. S. Col. troops Nov. 17, 1868. John A. Foot, enl. Oct. 6, 1863, Disch. March 7, 1864. Jonathan L. Spencer, enl. May 21, 1863. Disch. May 23, 1864. Jonathan Wright, enl. Sept. 19, 1862. Disch. Oct. 10, 1863. William W. Webster, enl. Oct. 29, 1863. Disch. Dec. 31, 1864. John Nagle, enl. Oct. 25, 1802. Disch. May 23, 1805. Andrew Koll, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. Disch. June 28 1865. Charles D. Camp, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Disch. Sept. 15, 1863. Thomas J. Crooks, enr. as Corp. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to 1st. Sergt. Wounded Sept. 19, 1863. Transf. to Invalid Corps March 8, 1865. Mustered out July 26, 1865. Charles D. Collins. (See Non-Com. Staff.) James Powell. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Peter R. Granel. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Henry McKinnon, enl. Sept, 33, 1863, Transf, to Invalid Corps Sept. 20, 1868. William Deitz, enl. Oct. 28, 1862. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept, 26, 1863. Thomai A. Johnston, enl, Oct. 30, 1862. Transf. to Invalid Corps Sept. 86, 1863. John Mooney, enl. Sept. 3, 1863. Transf. to InvaUd Corps Dec. 11, 1863. Tracy L. Barnes, enl. Nov. 17, 1863. Transf. to Co. C. Jan. 1, 1863. Died in rebel prison at Richmond, Va. , Oct. 37, 1803. COMPANY I. John C. Smith, enr. as 8d Lieut. Jan. 30, 1863. Albert A. Wilson, enl. Dec. 13, 1803. Mustered out with the Co., July 9, 1865. EdgarM. Tower, enl, Nov, 37, 1863. Disch. Nov. 1, 1864. Martin EUsner, enl, Deo. 23, 1862. Transf. to Co. E, Jan. 1, 1863. Disch. .Aug. 24, 1864. George Henzen, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Transf. to Co. G, Jan. 1, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., April 23, 1803. George Reichert, enl. Aug. 22, 1868. Transf. to Co. G, Jan. 1, 1863. Pro- moted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out July 9, 1865. John Shook, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Transf. to Co. G, Jan. 1, 1863. Mus- tered out July 9, 1865. COMPANY K. Alfred Wilson, enl. Aug. 31, 1863, Transf, to Non-Com. Staff as Sergt. Maj. March 1, 1865. Promoted to 1st Lieut. June 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Frederick Hogendoble, enl. Co. A, 128th Inf. Deo. 30, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Co. K, 124th Reg. April 38. 1868. Resigned March 10, 1864. 146 GEXEEAL HISTOKY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ■William Clark, enl, June 11, 1863. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1865, and to Sergt. June 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 9, 1865. Charles Everett, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Oliver Casler, enl. Sept. 3, 1868. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. John Gihson, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. John J. Delehanty, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Orin Marvin, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Frederick Towser, enl. July 11, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Brainard, enr. Aug. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Loren Brainard, enr. July 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nicholas Am, enl. Aug. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Hugh Baxter, enl. July 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. ■William C. Clark, enl. July 1, 1863. Absent sick since May 18, 1864. John Dorn, enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Dorn, enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Emerick, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Gibson, enl. May 18, 1863. Absent sick since Sept. 19, 1863. ■William Gunshorn. enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis Holshocker, enl. Aug. 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George R. Jumont, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Miller, enl. June 11, 1863. Taken prisoner Jan. 18, 1864. Jacob Naigle, enl. Jan. 2-i, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Martin Quinn, enl. Sept. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Quinlan, enl. Aug. 24, 1863. Wounded Dec. 16, 1864. Jacob Shaub, enl. July 23, 1863. lleuben Spencer, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co . Melancton Teel, enl. Aug. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Vanness, enl. July 16, 1863. Henry "Williams, enl. July 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Wallace, enl. Sept. 5, 1863. David Young, enl. June 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Clark, enl. July 11, 1863. Killed in action May 9, 1861. Hugh Gauntley, enl. Aug. 31, 1863. Died at New Albany, Ind., Nov. 6, 1864. Joseph Martin, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 21, 1865. William Martin, enl. June 14, 1863. Killed in action Sept. 19, 1863. Edward O'Neill, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Died of wounds received in action June 24, 1864. John Rei, enl. Aug. 1. 1863. Died in Andersonville prison June 9. 1864. George Saunders, enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Died at Chattanooga Nov. 1863. Joseph Sims, enl. Aug. 1, 1863. Died from wounds received in action Oct. 1863. Alexander Stewart, enl. July 7, 1863. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. Thomas Thompson, enl. July 3, 1863. Killed at Chickamauga Sept. 19, 1863. William B. Thompson, enl. July 3, 1863. Died of wounds received in ac- tion Feb. 2, 1865. James McDowd, enl. Sept. 1, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Diseh. May 10, 1865. John Walsh, enl. July 7, 1863. Disch. May 10, 1865. George Click, enl. July 13, 1863. Disch. for disability Aug. 28, 1864. John Ford, enl. July 20,- 1863. Disch. Sept. 12, 1864. John Lloyd, enl. July 20, 1863. Disch. for disabiUty Aug. 18, 1864. Sage Nicharson, enl. July 19, 1863. Disch. Nov. 7, 1863. William Sutton, enl. June 16, 1863. Disch . for disability. Frederick ■V\'^aggoner, enl. Jime 11, 1863. Disch. for disability March 10, 1865. William Keams, enl. June 1, 1863. Disch. Nov. 7, 1863. ■William Santeman, enl. July 19, 1863. Disch. Nov. 7, 1863. John U. Hennie, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Disch. May 3, 1865. Adam Zeigler, enl. July 10, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865. John Connell, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Disch. May 18, 1865. ■VS'illiam Birch, enl. July 11, 1S63. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. George Morrison, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Mustered out July 25, 1865. John Mayberry, enl. Aug. 20, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Oct. 7, 1864. James W. Lyttle, enl. Aug. 10, 1863. Mustered out July 17, 1865. Andrew Mesmer, enl. Aug. 26, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 20 1864. John Mellen, enl. June 11, 1863. Taken prisoner Jan. 1864. CHAPTER XXIX. ONE HUNDRED AND T^WBNTY-FIFTH AND ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. Formation of the One Hundred and Twenty -fifth— The Cuyahoga Repre- sentation—Off (or Louisville and Franklin— Driving out the Rebels and holding the Town— The Battle of Chickamauga— The Victory of Mission Ridge— A Fight in East Tennessee, etc.— Heavy Loss at Dal- ton, Resaca, Lost Jlountain and Kenesaw— Brilliant Success at Frank- lin-^Gen. Thomas' Compliment— Subsequent Services— Mustered out —Members from Cuyahoga County— The One Hundred and Twenty- Eighth as Guards— The Members from Cuyahoga— The Hoffman Bat- talion—Services of the Regiment-Mustered out— List of Cuyahoga Men. ONE HUNDRED AND T^R-ENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY. This regiment was recruited for three years, in the autumn of 1862, and on the 5th of October was mus- tered in with eight full comiDanies, of which Cuyaho- ga county furnished one hundred and eleven men, scattered in small numbers through all the companies. Col. Emerson Opdycke was it first commander. On the 3d of January, 1863, the regiment left Cleveland six hundred and fity seven strong, for Louisville, where a stay was made until January 28th, followed by a move to Erankliu, Tenn. There the enemy was encountered, and after a sharp engagement dislodged from the town. Twice — on the 9th of March and 10th of April — the rebels attempted to recapture Franklin, but in both instances were repulsed by the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth. Remaining in Franklin until June 21st, the regi- ment joined its command at Murfreesboro, and on the 24th began the memorable, dreary march to Hills- boro, whence it moved by slow stages to Chattanooga, where it arrived on the 9th of September, and in the vicinity of which it ■u'as engaged in sharp skirmish work until the 18th of that month. On the latter day the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth first took part in a general engagement. In the battle of Chickamauga, which opened on the 18th, the regi- ment ■won such conspicuous honors that General Rosecrans personally complimented it, and General Woods christened it " The Tiger Regiment of Ohio." On the 2oth of Xovember, the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth entered the field of battle for the second time — on this occasion at Mission Ridge — and during that long and bloody fight, although it covered itself with glory, it sustained a severe loss in killed and wounded. Marching to Knosville and thence to Dandridge, the regiment fell into an engagement with the enemy at the latter place, on the 17th of December, and for the better part of two days performed severe and continu- ous work, during which it lost thirteen men in killed and wounded. Directly after this afEair the One Hun- ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC. 147 dred and Twenty-fifth retreated to Knoxville, where its ranks were reinforced by the accession of Compa- nies I and K, recruited in Ohio after the regiment had left the State. The time from December 20, 1863, to May 3, 1864, was passed in winter quarters at Lou- don and Cleveland, Tennessee. Upon the latter day the regiment moved out of camp as part of the Third brigade. Second division. Fourth corps, and set out for Georgia with General Sherman, who then entered upon his Atlanta campaign. In the engagement be- fore Dalton, on the 7th and 8th of May, the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth was in the thick of the fight and lost heavily. At Resaca and Lost Mountain the regiment distinguished itself, and at Kenesaw Moun- tain — when Colonel Opdycke's promotion to the com- mand of a brigade advanced Lieut. Col. Moore to the head of the regiment — there was more severe work and more severe regimental loss. After the fall of Atlanta, the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth was called to Nashville, then threatened by Hood, and took part in the battle of Franklin; winning high honor and capturing eighty prisoners and two battle-flags. Colonel Opdycke was in com- mand of the brigade in which the One Hundred and Twenty-fifth fought, and after the battle. General Thomas said to him: "Colonel Opdycke your brigade saved the army at Franklin, and saved Nashville." During the battle of Nashville, the regiment ren- dered effective service. On reaching Huntsville, Ala., January 6, 1865, it went into winter quarters, whence it emerged on the 28th of March. It moved without active service to Knoxville, and thence, by way of Nashville, to New Orleans; being mustered out of service in Texas on the 35th of September. It then returned to Ohio, and was discharged at Camp Chase on the 17th of October, 1865. MEMBERS FEOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. George L. Wood, enr. as Major Nov. 27, 1863. Resigned April 30, 1863. Henry McHenry, enr. as Surg. Oct. 6, 1862. Resigned June 1, 1865. Porter Yates, enr. as Asst. Surg, Oct. 6, 1862. Resigned May 6, 1863. John E. Darby, enr . as Asst. Surg. Sept. 24, 1863. Transf . to 42nd U. S. Col. Troops April 7, 1864. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Lyman L. Herring, enr. as Hosp. Steward Nov. 14, 1862. Died April 33, 1863. Benj. F. Young, enr. as Prin. Musician Oct. 22, 1863. Mustered out June 9, 1865. Peter Damme, enl. Nov. 14, 1862. Prom, to Prin. Musician May 30, 1863. Discli. for disability May 10, 1865. COMPANY A, Thomas Richmond, enl. March 23, 1864. Wounded May 14, 1864. Transf. to Co. I, June 7, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1865. Orsamus Fitch, enl. March 27, 1864. Transf. to Co. C, June 20, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1865. John W. King, enl. March 31, 1864. Transf. to Co. C. June 20, 1865. Mus- tered out Sept. 25, 1865. George Pigott, enl. March 7, 1864. Transf . to Co. C, June 20,- 1865. Mus- tered out Sept. 15, 1865. Edwin M. Reynolds, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Transf. to Co. C, June 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY c. Sanford Armstrong, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1865. John Handley, enl. Dec. 27, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. Minos Radcliffi, enl. Deo. 31, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Baker, enl. Nov. 1, 1863. Died Aug. 29, 1863. Festus G. Tyler, enl. Oct. 23, 1862. Died Aug. 25, 1864. Mark Shields, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Dec 29, 1864. John Campbell, enl. Dec. 38, 1883. Mustered out May 16, 1865. COMPANY D. Thomas Gillen, enl, Oct, 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Sept. 25, 1865. Andrew J. Gillen, enl. April 8, 1864, Wounded May 14, 1864. George S. Hill, enl. Nov. 16, 1863. Mustered out Sept. 27, 1865. David Keck, enl. Sept. 30, 1863. Wounded Nov. 30, 1864, and sent to Hosp. at Cleveland, O. John King, enl. March 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Putnam, enl. Oct. 17, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Walters, enl. Feb. 35, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Timothy Cooley, enl. Jan. 13, 1864. Killed at Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864. John H. Whittaker, enl. March 1, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1865. James Beggs, enl. March 1, 1864. Wounded Nov. 30, 1864. Disch. for disability May 17, 1865. Mortimer J. Fuller, enl. April 1, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. Edward McLane, enl. Jan. 33, 1864. Disch. for disability June 31, 1865. George PfafE, enl. March 3, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 34, 1864. John S. Williams, enr. as Coi-p. Oct. 30, 1883. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. I, 1865. Almon Hitehens, enl. April 16, 1884. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 35, 1865. Frederic Allen, enl. March 16, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 26, 1865. Hudson Fitch, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Sept. 1st, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 35, 1865. COMPANY F. George Klein, enl. Nov. 23, 1862. Disch. May 16, 1865. Charles Harbye, enl. Nov. 35, 1868. Disch. from Hosp. April 30, 1863. George Seigneur, enl. Nov. 14, 1863. Disch. July 14. 1863. Henry Schneider, enl. Nov. 33, 1862. Disch. Jan, 11, 1865. Claude Clere, enl. Nov. 14, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Sept. 1, 1863. Mustered out Nov. 15, 1865. Joseph Grime, enl. Nov. 14, 1862. Taken prisoner at Chickamauga Sept. 20, 1863. COMPANY a. Joseph E. Pero, enl. Dec. 17, 1883. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1864, and to 1st Sergt. Sept. 2, 1865. Mustered qut with the Co. Sept. 35, 1865. James Logan, enr, as Serge. Nov. 2, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. John Simpson, enl. Nov. 4, 1863. Wounded at Dandridge Jan. 17, 1884. Promoted to Corp. same day for bravery, and to Sergt. June 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co . Christopher Berry,' enr. as Drummer Dec. 20, 1863. Joseph Garety, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Edwin Hudson, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. David Lyons, enl. Dec. 39, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Wade, enl. Nov. 19, 1862. Mustered out with the Co, James Kelley, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Disch. May 19, 1865. Edward Nichols, enl. Jan. 11, 1864. Disch. Feb. 17, 1865. James Shay, enl. Dec. 13, 1863. Disch. May 19, 1865. Charles Clodell, enl. March 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co., Sept. 25, 1865. John Dailey enl. Deo. 34, 1863. Charles Knapp, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Robert W. Thompson, enl. Nov, 4, 1863. Mustered out July 1, 1865. COMPANY H. Charles Leimback, enl. Nov. 8, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Deo. 31, 1862, to 2d Lieut. March 3, 1864^ to 1st Lieut. July 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Leroy Thompson, enl. Jan. 13, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. May 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. , Sept. 25, 1865. Peter Damme. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) Nicholas Schmitz, enl. Nov. 12, 1862. Missing since battle of Chickamau- ga, Sept. 20, 1863. Theodore Allardt, enl. Dec. U, 1863. Francis S. Krumm. enl. Oct. 17, 1883. Died at Blaine's Cross-Roads, Tenn., Dec. 28, 1863. Jacob Berner, enl. Feb. 2, 1884. Died at Atlanta, Sept. 2S, 1864. John Weller, enl. Nov. 26, 1863. Died at Chattanooga, Feb. 12, 1861. William DeCraff , enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Disch. April 30, 1884. William Dailey, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps May 19, 1865. Disch. for disability June 36, 1865. 148 GENEEAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Valentine PHueger, enl Jan. 24, 1864. Disch. June 28, 1865. Charles Mueller, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Wounded Nov. 30. 1864. Disch. May 87, 1863. Seymour O. Wheeler, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865. Warner M. Caldwell, enl. Oct. 17, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865. Henry Schneerer. enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Disch. May 18, 1865. John Weier, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Disch. May 29, 1865. Frederic Wagner, enl. Deo. i'i. 1863. Disch. for disabMity April 17, 1865. Conrad Weddell, en). Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. for disability May 9, 1865. Peter Zoller, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out Sept. .30, 1865. Frederick Wolf, en). Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George Seifert., enl. Jan. 6, l,''fr4. Mustered out with the Co. August Pietsch, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Frederic Nanck, enl. Jan. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James L. Lowman, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Missing since action of June 27, 1864. Ernst Groebe, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Charles Eckerman, enl. Dec. 88, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Anselm Meyer, enl. Sept. 25, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1865. Clustered out with the Co. Michael EUiott, enl. Dec. 5, 1863. Killed at Kenesaw, Ga., June 27, 1864. Gottlieb Schultz, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Killed at Kenesaw June 87, 1864. Jacob King, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Died at Nashville, Aug. 3, 1864, from wounds. Henry Thiele, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Died at Nashville Aug. 21, 1863. Franz Esch, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Died at New Albany, Ind. Jan. 10, 1865. George Putnam, enl. Oct. 2, 1863. Died at Galveston, Texas Aug 1 1865. William Somerby, enl. Dec. 9, 1863. Disch. May 19, 1865. Rhinehard Sillfleisch, enl. Dec. 88, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Murray, enl. Oct. 86, 1863. Disch. July 18, 1865. COMPANY I. William W. Cushing, enl. Co. C. Sept. 30, 1868. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Co. G, 125th Reg. Nov. 10. 1868, and to Capt. Co, I, May 18, 1864 Res' May 24, 1865. William Caughey, enl. Sept. 8,1863. Promoted to Corp, July 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 25, 1865. Patrick Donoghue, enl. Aug. 7, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps, Dec. 88, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 11, 1865. Michael Goebel enl. Sept. 7, 1863. Died at Louisville, Ky., May 20, 1864 from wound of May 14th. Charles Miller, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Elden Porter, enl. Aug. 10, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Richard Roessler, enl. Sept. 6, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 33 1865 and to Sergt. July 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Albert Radel, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Gustav Seydler, enl. Aug. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. August Webber, enl. Aug. 25, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. David Cary, enl. Sept. 2, 1863. Mustered out May 22, 1865. James Prince, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out June 24, 1863. John Close, enl. Sept. 11, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Jan 20 1863 Disch. July 19, 1865. COMPANY K. Alexander W. Cleveland, enr. as Corp. Nov. 21, 1863. Died at Nashville Tenn., March 16, 1864. Perry Coon, enl. Nov. 30, 1863. Died at Nashville, May 10, 1864. Jacob Fensterwald, enl. Oct. 29, 1863. Ernest Lutz, enl. Sept 16, 1863. Died at Loudon. Tenn., March 18, 1864 Lewis N. Robinson, enl. Nov. 27, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res Corps Oct 80, 1864. 3Iustered out Aug. 30, 1863. WiUiam Sleinel, enl. Oct. 21, 1863. Killed at Rocky Face Ridge, May 8. 1864. Henry Welling, enl. Nov. 27, 1863. Wounded May 14, 1864. Disch for disabihty Jan. 20, 1863. Charles Meeker, enl. March 1, 1^64. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Menen, enl. March 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. OXE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH IXFANTEY. Although the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth was enlisted for three years of active field service, it was chieiiy employed in guard duty within the State of Ohio; eqiecially at the posts of Johnson's Island and Sandusky— the latter becoming, early in 1862, a depot for rebel officers detained as prisoners of war. Two hundred and ninety-nine men from Cuyahoga county enlisted in the regiment, which, on the 25th of December, 1863, consisted of but four companies, previously known as "The Hoffman Battalion." This battalion had been on duty principally at Johnson's Island since 1863, though it had furnished frequent detachments for field service — a brief campaign in pursuit of the rebels in West Virginia in 1862 being a part of the latter work. During its service in guard- ing Johnson's Island, the One Hundred and Twenty- eighth was actively, and sometimes arduously em- ployed, yet its discipline was kept to a high mark. While ever ready and eager to take the field, it never gained the opportunity for winning laurels in that direction, although some small detachments occasion- ally saw service. The discharge of prisoners having followed the rebel surrender in the spring of 1865, the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth left the island on the 10th of July, 1865, and on the 17th of the same month was mustered out at Cam]3 Chase. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELn AND STAFF. Edward A. Scovill, enr. as Major Sept. 1, 1863. Promoted to Lieut. Col Aug. 9, 1864. Disch. March 25, 1865. Junius R. Sanford, enr. as Capt. Co. E Nov. 21, 1863. Promoted to Major March 25, 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865. Porter Yates, enr. as Asst. Surg. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out July 13, 1865. Charles C. Starr, enr. as 1st Lieut. Co. G Dec. 23, 1863. Prom, to R. Q. M. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Prom, to Hosp. Steward OrviUe P. Foster, enl. in Co. D. Sept. 8, Dec. 80, 1863. COMPANY i. Orlen S. Hayes, enl. as 1st Lieut, and Adjt. Dec. 22, 1863. Prom, to Capt. Co. A June 39, 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865. John Bryan, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan. 30, 1865. John H. Brodbent, enl. Dec. 24, 1861. Mustered out at end of term,' Jan 20, 1865. Thomas Burke, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term Feb 16 1865. ■ ' Frederick Hogendoble, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Peter Lent, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Died at Sandusky, 0., March 30, 1868. Marcus Lent, enl. Dec. 24, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 26, 1862. Eugene D. Mitchell, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Charles E. Ross, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term. Jan 20, 1865. Dewitt Rees, enl . Dec . 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan. 20, 1865. William Ryan, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan 80 1865. Samuel A. Taylor, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Jan 20, 1865. Edward F. Wheeler, enl. Dec. 30, 1861. JIustered out at end of term, Jan. 20, 1865. Carlysle Whipple, enl. Dec. 34, 1861. Disch. Aug. 10, 1863. COMPANY B. Edward E. Young, enr. as 1st Sergt. Dec. 23, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. Dec. 20, 1864, and to 2d Lieut. April 2. 1865. Transf. to Co. K June 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Stephen E. Douglass, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 25, 1863. Mustered out at end of term Feb. 17, 1865. Samuel D. McElroy, enr. as Corp. Jan. 38, 1862. Robert Corlett, enl. Feb. 3, 1868. Disch. for disability Oct. 31, 1862. Thomas Goudy, enl. Jan. 21, 1868, Mustered out at end of term Feb. 17, 1865. Samuel F. Smith, enl. Jan. 21, 1862. Mustered out at end of term Feb. 17, 1865. Jacob Wagner enl. Jan. 30, 1862. Mustered out at end of term Feb 17 1865. Andrew F. Whitman, enl. Jan. 89, 1862. Disch. for disability Sept. 10, 1862. Alonzo D. Wilson, enl. -il, 1868. Mustered out at end of term Feb 17, 1865. Warren Wooden, enl. Jan. 33, 1863. Disch. for disability Sept. 5, 1862. Daniel W. Smith, enl. Aug. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. ' ONE HUNDKED AND TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY, ETC. 149 COMPANY O. Eugene D. Mitchell, enl. Co. A, Dec. 23, 1861. -Promoted Dec. 21, 1863, to 2d Lieut. Co. F, and to 1st Lieut. Co. C, April 22, 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865. COMPANY D. George Hutchinson, enl. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 5, 1802. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Charles A. Hunt, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 10, 1862. Disch. for disability Dec. 14, 1864. Jonathan B. Tuttle, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 11, 1862. Isaac N. Rogers, enr. as Corp. Sept. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Deo. IT, 1862. Hugh Green, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Charles F. Peck, enl. Sept. 5, 1862 Mustered out June 3, 1865. Lycurgus M. Poak, enl. Sept. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Ebenezer King, enl. Jan. 9. 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 10, 1865. Mus- tered out July 13, 1865. Charles C. Campbell, enr. as Corp. Sept, 8. 1863. Mustered out with tha Co. July 13, 1865. Charles M. Adams, enl. Sept. 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. Edward W. Clark, enl. Sept. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Scott Doane, enl. Sept. 6. 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Ambrose M. Gregor, enl. Sept. 9. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Miller, enl. Sept. 11, 1863. Disch. for disability Aug. 20, 1863. William PhiUips, enl. Sept. 10, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Orlando Stafford, enl. Sept. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Sherman, enl. Sept. 9, 1863. Mustered out June 3, 1865. Lucas Scott, enl. Sept. 9, 1363. Disch. for disability Aug. 20, 1863. Orville P. Foster. (See Non-commissioned Staff. ) Franklin S. Ferry, enl, Sept. 8. 1802, Mustered out with the Co, July 13, 1865, William G. Marshall, enl. Sept, 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Eli C. Holmes, enr.Jas Corp. Sept. 8, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Isaac Buskirk, enl. Sept, 8, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, Charles H. Bushnell, enl. Sept. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co, Samuel O. Crittenden, enl. Sept. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Henry H. Penny, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY E. Junius R. Sanford. (See Field and Staff.) Henry H. Smith, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 21, 1863. Promoted to Capt. April 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co July 13, 1865. Edward E. Young, enr. as 1st Sergt. Dec, 23, 1863, Lorenzo Horn, enr. as Corp, Dec, 18, 1863, Promoted to Sergt, Jan. 1, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. Henry M. Crocker, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 18, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. May 24. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Homer L. Blair, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. William H. Eadcliffe, enl. Dec. 18, 18ti3. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Spencer O. Arnold, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Robert Nelson, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. George W. Harland enl. Dec. 18, 1863, Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Everett E. Taylor, enl. Deo. 15, 1863, Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Manning J, Axtell, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Musiered out with the Co, Christian Beier, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Barrett, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James F. Chapin, enl. Dec. 16, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. Joseph H. C'artwright, enl, Dec, 19, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. John Cole, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Alonzo Crocker, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co, Eugene Davis, enl, Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Amos Dodge, enl. Dec. 18, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, . George L. Dayton, enJ. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Eli Emmons, enl. Dec, 18, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. George W. Ford, enl. Dec. 16, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. Wilham Goodyear, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Seneca B, Hickox, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered outwith the Co. Danford Hubbard, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Mark Hebblethwaite, enl. Dec, 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Hartwig. enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered outwith the Co. DeWitt Leslie, enl. Deo. 18. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Ab ner M. Leslie, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Allison D. Lutz, enl, Deo. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Allen MoFarland, enl, Dec, 17, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. James E. Newton, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry A, Plato, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. 19 a Solomon Parker, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Elijah Percival, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Michael F. Palmer, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George A. Patchen, enl. Deo. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the (!o. Salmon E. Piatt, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Richard Rogers, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered outwith the Co, Washington G. Read, enl. Dec, 16, 1833, Mustered out with the Co. William G, Richar-ds, enl, Dec, 10, 186.3. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph H, Redfleld, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Alfred H. Sanford, enl. Deo. 15, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. Greenbury Stevens, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Anson H. Silvernail, enl. Dec. 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Gottlieb Steible, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John B. Taylor, enl. Dec, 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Edward H. Thurston, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James M. Weideman, enl. Dec. 18 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Wilford, enl. Dee. 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Sterling Wing, enl, Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew w. Taylor, enl. Dee. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865, David P, Badger, enl, Dec. 10, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. Alvin Cole, enl. Dec. 8, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. Demetrius Judd, enl. Dec. 7, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. John Merritt, enl; Dec. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James L. Oaks, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas J. Rodgers, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James S. Viers, enl. Dec. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Wm. H. Thomas, enr. as Corp. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co., July 13, 1865. Newton Colson, enl. Dec, 10, 1862. Mustered out with Co. Almon Gleason, enl, Dec, 9, 1832. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel Garman, enl. Dec. 10, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with Co. COMPANY F. Alfred N. Mead, enr. as Capt. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co., July 13, 1865. John N. Harrington, ( nr, as 1st Lieut , Dec. 26, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. Henry F. Hastings, enr, as Sergt, Dec, 19, 1863, Promoted to 1st Sergt. April 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William W. Richardson, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered- out with the Co. John H. Way, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Thompson, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. April 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Manley C. Severance, enl. Dec. 15, 1863, Promoted to Corp, Mustered out with the Co , Wesley Gill, enl. Dec. 19, 1863, Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Jared Gardner, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. John H. Harding, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Charles H. Rockwell, enl Deo. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. April 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Franklin H. Hosford, enr. as Musician March 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Otto AUbright, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Charles W. Andrews, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Alonzo B. Akins, enl. Deo, 17, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, Henry H. Akins, enl, Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Alfred Annis, enl, Deo. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Widiam W. Beckwith, enl. Deo. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co, Orville Barchard, enl, Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co, Samuel Barchard, enl, Deo, 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Tyler R. Curtis, enl. Dec. 19, 18j3. Mustered out with the Co. Tobias Cover, enl, Dec, 19,1863. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Cuddeback, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William M, Carter, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore Curtis, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Cahoon, enl. Dec. 19, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, William D. Cline, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Gardner Cady enl. Dec. 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Horace A. Durkee, enl. March 7, 1S64. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Filker, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Francis, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Francis, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry G. Greenhoe, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co, William C, Greenhoe, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co, William Greenhoe, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Greenhoe, enl, Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Merritt Haight, enl. Dee, 19, 1863. Mustered outwith the Co. George Hahn, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Hall, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Jarrett, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. F ranklin Kreesler, enl. March 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. 150 GENEKAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Horace Loucks, enl, Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Long, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis Langdon, enl. Dec. 18, 1863, Mustered out with the Co. Mortimer E. Morgan, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Joel Marsh, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore Meister, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Mastin, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Corw n Moon. enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out wiih the Co. William Matttews, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Oberlay, enl, Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Paul Prince, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Parsons, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Anthony H. Parsch, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Benj. F. Rockwell, enl. Dec. IS. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Reilly, enl. Dec. 17, 1663. Mustered out with the Co. James Randall, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James B. Euple, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George G, Sherart, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Snider, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Romanzo E. Smart, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Payer, enl. Dec. 18, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. William Sayer, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph ShaflEer, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel E. Thompson, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Josej. li Turney, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Edwin R Wack. enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Wagner, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Vernon W-gner, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. JuUus Walker, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Myron M. Keith, enl. Dec. 18, 1868. Disch. for disability June 2, 1864. Joseph Beckett, enl. Dee. 18, 1863. Disch. for disability June 2, 1864. Nathan Bassett, enl. Dec. 13, 1863. Disch. for disabilitj- Aug. 30, 1864. Ezra Furniss, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Disch. for disability Sept 23, 1864. Augustus Silverthorn, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Disch. for disability Jan 19 1863. Thomas Bark, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Disch. June 1, 1865. Calvin Keith, enl, Dec. 18, 1863. Disch. June 1, 1865. John B. Lane, enl. Dec. 19, 186.8. Transf. to the Navy April 13, 1864. Cyrus M. Balch, enl. Dec. 18, 1S63. Transf. to Co. A June 29, 1865. Mus- tered out July 13, 1865. John Hubbard, enl. Deo. 18, 1863. Transf. to Co. A June 29, 1865. Mus- tered out July 13, 1865. Ralph Peck, enl. Deo. 17, 1863. Transf. to Co. A June 39, 1865. Mustered out July 13, 1865. Zachariah O'Neil, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Died at Cleveland, O., Feb. 15, 1864- Samuel Kenwood, enl. Dec, 19, 1863. Killed by accident July 3, 1864. George W. Kelsey, enr. as Musician Dee. 14, 1863. Died Oct. 2, 1864. Frederick Myers, enl. March 9, 1864. Died Oct. 18, 1864. Oliver Rogers, enl, Dec. 17, 1863. Died Oct. 31, 1864. Andrew R. Thompson, enl. Deo. 14, 1863. Died May 23, 1865. Luther B. Woodworth. enr. as Corp. Nov. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Joseph Lucas, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. COMPAXY e. John J. Manor, enr. as Capt. Nov. 25, 1863. Detailed for special duty July 10, 1864. Charles C. Starr. [See Field and Staff.] Henry C. Reno, enr. as 1st Lieut. Dec. 24, 1863. Samuel H. Young, enr. as Sergt. MaJ. Jan. 4, 1864, Promoted to 2nd Lieut. July 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. July 18, 1865. Thomas W. Gaskill, enl. Dec. 11, 1868. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. George H. Benlehr, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas A. Carson, enl. Jan. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas J. Hawes, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew D. Holford, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William E. Parker, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co! Ehsha G. Parker, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Frank Stough, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Clustered out with the Co. Christopher Vostler, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry H. Lincoln, enl. Deo. 17, 1863. Disch. for disability June 2, 1865. Lafayette Stough, enl. Jan. 8. 1864. Transf. to the Navy April 23, 1864 George Wilson, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Transf. to Co. A, June 29, 1865. Mus- tered out July 13, 1865. William M. Dowell, enr. as Musician April 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. COMPANV I . Samuel D. McElroy, enl. as Corp. Co. B. Jan. 33, 1S62. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Co. I, Jan 5, 1864. Mustered out July 13, 1865 Edwin B. Fullmer, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Elizur Auger, enl. Dec. 31. 1803. Mustered out with the Co. John S. Brinson, enl. Dec. 21. 1868. Mustered out with the Co. John Bole, eal. Dee. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Edgar L. Baker, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore D. Castle, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Watson Caley, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Mark E. Crow, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Crawford, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Carroll, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Ccr George Ernst, enl. Dee. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Garnsey, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Augustus Heisner, enl. Dee. 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Hake, enl. Dec. 33, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Keeler, enl. Deo. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Major I. Leland, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Casper Lutz, enl. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Alexander Malla, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Michael McAvoy. enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Mans, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Charles E. Perkins, eul. Dec. 10, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Rivers, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Darwin Ruple, enl. Dec. 4, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Sweeney, enl. Dec. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. David Sawyer, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Salmon, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Titus, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Turner, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew J. Taylor, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. ^Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Wilford, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Abraham Wartman, enl. March 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis H. Campbell, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 28, 1863. Disch. Aug. 80, 1864. Arthur O. Griswold, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 7, 1864. Promoted March 27 1865, to 1st Sergt.. . William Inman, enl. Dec. 2.8, 1863. Disch. Aug. 30, 1864. Ora Titus, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Disch. May 2, 1864. William Roe, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Died Aug. 29, 1864. George Brooks, enl. April 2, 1864. Transf. to the Navy July 27, 1864. George Lanaghan, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Transf. to the Navy July 27, 1864. James B. Muri ay, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Transferred to Co. A. June 29, 1865 Mustered out July 13, 1865. Isaac W. Phillips, enr. as Corp. Dec. 33, 1863. Died Aug. 12, 1864. Lorenzo Knapp, enl. Dec. 11, 1868. Transf. to Co. A June 29, 1865. Mus- tered out July 13, 1863. Brown Dewilly, enl. Dec. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Henry Sproutbury, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Ezra B. Lee, enl. Dec. 12, 1863. Disch. Sept. 23, 1864. COMPANY K. Thomas C. Cunard, enr. as Corp. Dec. 11, 1863. Promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Lucius C. King, enr. as Corp. Dec. 11, 1868. Promoted to Sergt. April 5, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Euel W. Silver, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Jonathan W. Marvin, eul. Dec. 21, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with th^ Co. Jeffersou Walton, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. John M. Egbert, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Prom, to Corp. April 5, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Morgan Wiseman, enr. as Musician Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with Co, Henry Bolender, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Carley, enl. as Corp. Deo. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Orlando R. Clark, enl. Dec. 19. 1868. Mustered out with the Co. Madison Glasier, enl. Dec. 31, 1868. Blustered out with the Co. Marks Hart, enl. Dec. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Warren T. Hayes, enl. March 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Americus J. Hubbard, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Silas H. Jennings, enl. Dec. 17, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel D. Kelty, enl. Dec. 18, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. John Lew, enl. Nov. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Birdsey D. Mudge, enl. Dec. 21, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Meyers, enl. Nov. 3D, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Ferdinand Reinhart, enl. Dec. 11, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. John Schuster, enl. Dec. 19, 1868. Mustered out wtth the Co. George A. Smith, enl. Dec. 21 , 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James G. Thatcher, enl. Dec. 21, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Thomas, enl. Dec. 19, 18i;3. Mustered out with the Co, James W. Underbill, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John O. Underbill, enl. Deo. 81, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. RusseU J. Wells, enl Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out vrtth the Co. Joseph P. Woods, enl. Dec. 17, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. WiUiam A. Woods, enl. Deo. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Dudley A. Cozad, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Disch. June 2, 1864. Albert Gay, enl. Deo. 21, 1863. Disch. Feb. 25, 1865. Frederick Perrigo, enl. Dec. 18, 1868. Transf. to Co. A, June 29, 1865. Mustered out July 9, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY, ETC. 15] James W. MeNeelen, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, O. Feb. 26, 1864. Andrew Garloch, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Died June 15, 1864. Richard N. Tliompson, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Died at Johnscin's Island, 0., Dec. 5, 1864. Clinton R. WMte, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Died at Bedford, 0., May 15, 1865. Louis P. Whittaker, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 31, 1863. Mustered out witli the Co, July 13, 1865. CHAPTER XXX. ONE HtJNDBBD AND TWENTY-NINTH AND ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth enlists for iSix Months— Thirty- eight Men from Cuyahoga— Off for Kentucky— Capturing Cumber, land Gap— A Fight on Clinch River— Hard Service during the Winter- Mustered out in February— The One Hundred and Fiftieth Infantry- Nine Companies from Cuyahoga— Sworn in for a Hundred Days— Off for Washingt- n— Garrisoning the Forts — Companies G and K m a Fight— Mustered out— List of Cuyahoga Members. OXE HUKDRED AND TWENTY-NIM'TH INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Twenty-ninth was mustered in August 10, 186.3, at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, for a service of six months, and included in its ranks thirty-eight men from Cuyahoga county, all but one in Company E. On the day of organization the regi- ment set out for Camp Nelson, Ky., where it was attached to the Ninth army corps. On the 30th of August the brigade moved to Cum- berland Gap, and after the surrender of that place remained there until December 1st, when the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth was ordered to march in the direction of Clinch river. At the crossing of the Knoxville road over that streami t took part in an en- gagement with a division of Gen. Longstreet's corps. From the 2nd to the last of December, the men of the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth were engaged in almost constant skirmishing along the line of Clinch river, and during that severe portion of the winter they suffered many hardships, although exempt from the heavy loss of life visited upon other regiments in that vicinity. Upon the opening of the year 1864:, the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth returned to the Gap, and on the 1st of February started for Cleve- land, being mustered out there in the following month. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COL'NTY. FIELD AND STAFF. George L. Hay ward, enr. as Lieut. Col. July 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. March 7, 1864. H. B. Steele, enl. July 31, 1863, Co. 1, 86th Reg. Transf. to 129th Inf. Aug. 8, 1863, and made 1st Lieut, and Adjt. Mustered out with the Reg. March 10. 1861. Gustav C. E. Weber, enr. as Surgeon June 33, 1863. Res. Oct. 25, 1863. James W. Smith, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 11, 1863. Promoted to Surg. Oct. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Reg. John Campbell, enr. as Asst. Surg. Aug. 10, 1863, Mustered out with the Reg. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Charles Y. Wheeler, enr. as Com. Sergt. July 15, 1863. Mustered out March 10, 1864. COMPASY E. Edwin Taylor (1st Sergt.), Hammond Clapp (Sergt.), Francis W. Fermin (Corp.), John M. Dillon, William Brooker, William Clapp, James Goss, Henry Holbrook, Ralph Hopwood, Edward Jones, John Karney, Robert Miller, Samuel Plank, Oscar Pease, Robert Parsons, George Robinson, Courtney Randall, Florence Reese, Samuel Richmond, John Shafer, George Warren, Edward M. Bailey (Sergt.), Watson H. Barkdell (Corp.), Charles H. Tuttle (Corp.), Orrin Barber, Walter F. Piimphrey, Oliver H. Perry, Charles Scott, Jacob Piokard, John Sly (Died in service), William Stewart. COMPANY I. Charles Luce, enl. July 2, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. March 7, 1864 ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH INFANTRY, (national GUARD.). Of the ten companies composing the One Hundred and Fiftieth, nine were from this county and the other from Lora,in. The regiment was sworn in for a hundred days of service on the 5th of May, 1864, and at once left Camp Taylor for Washington City, where it entered upon garrison duty in forts Lincoln, Saratoga, Thayer, Bunker Hill, Slocum, Totten and Stevens, which were in the line of fortifications sur- rounding the national capital. The regiment remained in the forts till the close of its term of service, during which companies G and K participated in the fight before Washington on the 10th and 11th of July; having five men killed and wounded. The One Hundred and Fiftieth was mus- tered out at Cleveland August 23, 1864, after a serv- ice of one hundred and eleven days. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. William H. Hayward, Colonel. John N. Frazee, Lieutenant Colonel. J. Dwight Palmer, Major. Thomas Goodwille, Adjutant. Herman M. Chapin, Quartermaster. James M. Smith, Surgeon. Charles F. Dutton, Assistant Surgeon. James F. Armstrong, Assistant Surgeon. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. John H. Burton, Sergeant Major. Wilson L. Dodge, Quartermaster Sergeant. James P. Gardner, Hospital Steward. Louis H. Severance, Commissary Sergeant. Jackson McLeland, Chief Musician. COMPANY A. Thomas S. Paddock, Captain. Joseph M. Richards, Second Lieutenant. George W. Tibbitts, First Lieutenant. J. Benton Parsons (1st Sergt.), William Morgan (Sergt.), Theron C. Baldwin (Sergt.), EU Ely (Sergt.), George Wilkinson (Sergt.), Horace E. Dakin, (Corp.), Robert Potter (Corp.), Benj. W. Smith (Corp.), Samuel L. Allen (Corp.), Pierson D. Briggs (Corp.), Frank E. Thomas (Corp.), An- drew J. Moulton (Corp.), Lemuel O. Rawson (Corp.), George E. Dunton, Allen C. North, James M, Allen, Charles B. Brown, John Bruner, Flavel J. Bingham, Charles E. Bingham, William M. Barnes, Lewis Black, Jud- son M. Brown, George D. Beck, Byron M. Brown, John A. Barstow, A. G. Curtiss, Michael Carroll, John J. Davis, Albert Dickinson, Charles S. Pairchild, Edward D. Fowler, Reuben A. Field, Orlando S. Gardner, Samuel N. Goodale, Thomas Guy, Alfred T, Goodman, Frederick Hitch- cock, George Hoyt, Charles D. Keeler, Erwin J. Kyser, William Kidd, Charles M. Lyman, Henry E. Luce, Thomas D. Mann, Hiram N. McLeod, Byron L. Mears, William J. McMary, Conway W. Noble, Jacob G. Orth, Jerome T. Perkins, George S. Paine, Arthur H. Quinn, Joseph W. Roof, Albert A. Smith, Spencer Skeels, Alfred E. Sterling, George Stevens, Royal P. Stiles, Charles W. Sanford, Edward D. Sherwood, Sanford D. Simmons, Austin Thomas, William H. Taylor, Peter G. Van Wie, Frank Wade, John i.. Wigman, Theodore L. Wadsworth, John Whiting, Her- schell Welton, George Watkins, David S. Wliitehead, Chas. L. Dooiittle, Mendon L. Prentiss, Edwin Taylor, Henry Ormsby, Norman B. Pratt. 152 CxENEEAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY B . John Nevins, Captain. John C. Bull, First Lieutenant. Arthur H. Barrett, Second Lieutenant. John Haas (1st Sergt.), John P. McMahon (Sergt.), William H. Quayle (Sergt.), Xalhan D. White (Sergt.), Benjamin F. Dexter (Sergt.), Lewis L. Davis (Corp.), Charles M. Turner (Corp.), Joseph J. Sohwind (Corp.), James A. Bryan (Corp.) William Sims (Corp.), Marion A. Shane (Corp.). Walter W, McMahon (Corp.), William H. Merrick (Corp.), Isaac A. Tif- fany (Musician), Gaston G. Allen, James Brown, A.IC. W. Bennett, Albert Brown, John W. Ball, William H. Brelsford, Peter J. Bochringer, John W Blake, James G. Blake, William H. Crowl, Richard Carr, John Cow- ell, Charles E. Dailey, George W. Douglass, John Douglass, Charles D. Fo'ote, Henry C. Fonts. Frederick Fay, Jr.. Andrew J. Farrand, Frank Granger, Joseph S. Grannis Philip Grotenrath, James E. Hoag, John G. Hasserot, Frederick Hoffman, Albert Hartzell, John Hertzog, George B. Hayward, Charles Ingle, Frederick Kintz, Jacob King, John Logan, John Lynch, Benjamin Langeli, Edward Lindsley, Frank Miller, Jacob Martin, Julius Miller, Frederick H. McGinness, Thomas Xeal, Erastus M. Norton, Albert Porter, Joseph C. Peterson, Edmund T. Peck, Henry Perrine, John P. Proudfoot, Charles W. Parmer, William H. RadclifCe, Charles' W. Russell, Cornelius L. Russell, Theoeore C. Schenck, WilUam N. Stevens, Benjamin Santord, Michael Smith, William H. Stephens, Joseph Spier, Frank Townsend, John Thompson, Samuel Tyler, Arthur Wright, Sanford Wheeler, George W, Wilson, David H. Walters, Thomas J. Williams, Riall Perkins, Carlos Jones. COMPANY C. Louis 6. DeFoiest, Captain. Marcus A. Hanna, First Lieutenant. Ebsnezer B. Thomas (1st Sergt.), Henry A. Harvey (Sergt.), Jay C. Morse (Sergt.), George W. Chapin (Sergt.), Charles H. Tucker (Sergt.), Perry Prentiss (Corp.), John J. Wightman (Corp.), Edward S. Page (Corp.), Henry T. Fenton (Corp.), Levi A. Sackett (Corp.), William H. Wyman (C'lrp.). Alexander H. Mcintosh (Corp.), George A. Brown (Corp.), Marcus Brockway, James Adams, Daniel M. Alvoid, KirkUn Alberty, Arthur Ash, George W. Andrus, Charles S. Brainard, Hiram M. Brown, George F. Bingham, Edward F. Baker, Titus A. Barnes, Rich- ard Bush, Charles H. Cannon, Charles C. Carter, Thomas Cook, David K. Clint, Linton Chamherlain, William Crowell, Orlando Garner, Cas- eins M. Clark, James M. Coulter, Harvey H, Cox, Charles J. Dockstader, Arthur DeLair, Frank A. Derthick, Louis H. Delano, Charles Foljamhe, Mark H. Ferris, William Ferguson, Henry J. Ford, Henry M. Fay, Isaac W. Gaylord, Charles T. Goodwin, Thomas E. Gill, Thomas Guy, Martin Harrington, Daniel Heinde, Edward H. Harvey, Edward P. Hunt, Frank W. Hoyt, Augustus F. Hills, Frank W. Hubby, Edward K. Hanscom, Richard M. Iddings, William W. Kimball, William H. Kelley, George C. Lyman, William F. Latch, George W. McMillan, Henry E. Morrison, Henry E. Meyer, William Morris, Charles D. Morse, Herman Norton, Elijah H. Norton, Nathan Payne, Chauncey Premiss, Luther M. Pease, Charles Perkins, Charles J. Price, Andrew Porter, William P. Reid, Lo- renzo A. Strong, George W. Segur, Henry G. Segur, Cassius P. Shepard, Ashley D. Scolt, George E. Stewart, William H. Stillman, Frank B. Sted- man, John S. Tennis, Ira D. Thorpe, Edmond Vaillant, Henry J. Virgil, Henry P. Wolcott, John W. Wheeler, Thomas WaU, Augustus W. Whit- timore, William R. Wall, Louis D. Wightman, WiUiam Ward, George H. Lang, Robert R. Papworth, James Lang, Robert Lang. COMPANY D. John J Wizeman, Captain. Jason Canfield, First Lieutnant. George W. Whitehead, Second Lieutenant. Alexander W. Davis (1st Sergt.), William Towner (Sergt.), Albert B. Smith (Sergt.), Horace S. Pettingill (Sergt.), Howard H. Merriam ( Sergt.), Jacob P. Urban (Corp.), Xewell S. Cozad (Corp.), S. M. Davis (Corp.), James A. Gibbon (Corp.), O. L. Gayette (Corp.), Carlos M. Sturtevant (Corp.), John L. Mcintosh (Corp.), John W. Gibbons (Corp.), George W. Ansley, Samuel J. Baker, George Bell, William E. Bond, Frederick H. Bond, Gilbert H. Brayton. Charles C. Brown, Richard Chandler, William P. Chard, Frederick Crawford, Henry S. Call, Burton K. Cran- dall, Lewis H. Chavalia, Edwin R. Date, Owen Dean, Charles H. Den- zer, George E. Denzer, Charles DeWolf, Richard M. Dockstader, Win- field S. Drake, William D. Dukes, George L. Englehart, Thomas Ester- brook, William H. Earnest, Leonard Finster, Frederick Foltz, William S. Foote, Edward F, Granger, Frederick C Haker, Garry L. Hardick, George Hester, James B. Higbee, Charles L. Hull, bf arris Jaynes, John Jacoby, Henry Krum, Alonzo Lacy, Merrill W. Lang, John Lan- der, Edward Lewis, George H. Macey, Robert M. Murray, Smith A. Marvin, William Mottage, Jesse Nichols, Arthur Odell. Edwin B. Par- rish, Edward L. Pettit, George W. Pettey, Alfred H. Powell, Lorenzo C. Powell, Frederick D. Pratt, Edward B. Rawson, Florance Reese, H.'nry Rohrig, James W. Ross, James C. Ryan, James E. Ryder, Francis Rhinehart, Ernest L. Schinckel, Wilson \. Shannon, William P. Shep- ard, Henry R. Stegman, Charles E. Snyder, John J. Sebastian, Conrad Ulrich, Charles M. Vorce, Charles G. Wagner, Hobart M. Walker Joseph S. Wier, Owen B. Wickham, Dudley B. Wick, Harmon J. Whaley, Charles J. Wibur, Jasper E. Williams, Edward O. Wolcott, John Williamson. COMPANY E. Joseph B. Molyneaux, Captain. John G. Parsons. Second Lieutenant. Thomas A. Stow, Second Lieutenant. Patrick H. CarrcU (1st Sergt.). Judson M. Bishop (Sergt.), Thomas Whitehead (Sergt.), George E. Sanger (Sergt.), Michael Scaney (Corp.), George Young (Corp.), James Madigan, (Corp.), George Hopper (Corp.), William Denham (Corp.), Henry S. Page, (Corp.), George Bedford, (Corp.), Theodore B. Newcomb (Corp.), Daniel Ayer, Miles Beebe, Wil- liam h! Bush, Charles Brown, Louis Bodey, Erwin Brown, Caleb Billson- George Breymaier, George F. Chapman. John Coleman, William Con- nelly, Robert Congdon, William H. Date, Charles Dockstader, Andrew Duty, Richard H. Davies, Charles Drum, James Dickinson. James Dur- can, William W. Ellsworth, Samuel Evans, Joseph Fetger, Frederick Glaser, Henry Ganson, William J. Gleason, Henry A. Hunt, Frederick Hempy. James Holly, John Hoffman, Fred. H. .lones, Casper Kemer, Joseph Kreher, William Keller, Thomas B. Kelly, Thomas S. Lane, Frederick Lambert, Richard A. Jlilgate, John T. Miller, Alfred McClaim^ Leander Mclntyne, John H. McGuire, Russel Markler, Wilham McBride, Alanson T. Osborn, Thomas A. Pearson, Harris Parker, Alfred H. Paine, Edwin L. Pettit, John M. Rickey, Thomas H. Speddy, WilUam F. Scot- ten. R. Freeman Thompson. Charles Tibbitts, George W. Tufts. John Wooldridge, Samuel White, William H. Wadsworth, Henry Walther^ George Warden, William Wilson, Edward J . Woodward, John Yarhous, George Johnson, John A. Norton. COMPANY F. Jeremiah Enswoith, Captain. Edwin C. Rouse, First Lieutenant. Charles J. McDowell, Second Lieutenant. Frederick C. Farrand (1st Sergt.), Joshua B. Glenn (Sergt.), George, Spangler(Sergt.),Chas. B. Fargo (Sergt.), Frederick Weidenkopf (Sergt), Peter Diemer (Corp.), Henry W. Herwig (Corp.), Samuel P. Fox (Corp.), Sidney F. Dickerman (Corp.), George Pollyblank (Corp.), Chas. P. Taupel (Corp.), John Hart (Corp.), Nicholas Weidenkopf (Corp.). John N. Stew- art, Otto Olker, Augustus A. Adams, Jr. . Thomas C. Bentley, Benjamin Britton, Frederick Buhne, John Boldy, Patrick Barrett, Johnson J. Bur- rows, James H. Bowles, William Curtis, Wilfred Creighton, Louis D. Clarke, George B. Christian, Joseph Conkey, Charles H, Campbell, Henry M. Dakin, Myron C. Douw, Henry Davis, Ed'.va d H. Frank, Sam '1 A. Griffen, Wm. M. Guy Edwin E. Guilford, Wm. A. Hopkins, Christian L. Henricle, Geo. W. Hobbs, George Holderman, Joseph Higlen, Albert Henry, George Johnson, Gustavus R. Janke, William H. Joyce, William H. Keller, Moses Koch, Charles E. Kellogg, Hugh Lowry, Samuel Lock- wood, Elbrldge J. McComber, William McReynolds. James MoKenzie, Samuel Monteverdi, John A. Norton, James L. Newton, John Olker, Ivory Plaisted, Stephen B. Palmer, J. Porter Rogers, John J. Euedy, John T. Robinson, Floyd E. Sullivan, William Sanderson, Martin B. Scott, Albert T. Slade, William Snyder, Caleb Turner, John C. Wiesman, August Wiesman, Martin L. Wright, Moses G. Watterson, Frank Fair- banks, William A. Wire. Joseph Anderton, Alfred W. Fell, Frederick A. Skeels, Michael Williams, William Carman. COMPANY G. W. R. Nevins, Captain. T. S. Lindsey, First Lieutenant. H. E. Chubb, Second Lieutenant. William Warmington (1st Sergt.), Charles Purcell (Sergt.), William Redrup (Sergt.), Martin House (Sergt.), W. L. Porter (Sergt.), Frank Weed (Corp.), George Kaighin (Corp.), William McNeil (Corp.), T.J. Lutz (Corp.), Isaac Ralph (Coi-p.), Robert Rhodes (Corp.), J. F. AUen (Corp.), Ira Sawtell (Corp.), Horace Allen, W. W. Alexi.nder, O. P. Ackley, Chas H. Bennett, Jacob Bennett, N. Bickford, C. Buckmaster, H. U. Bessett^ A. L. Beswick, J. C. Bixby, William Brooks, George Bell, John Crowl, George Cunningham, L. Cunningham, Wilbur Curtis, Edward Chubb, G. B. Carey, William Caldwell, W. K. Campbell, William Conn, Henry Davis. C. C. Edwards, J. B. Eastman, J. A. Eastman, A. B, French^ Louis Fisher, Samuel Folsom, J. N. Goulding, Henry George, William Hawthorn, H. A. Hicks, George Henry, A. Hastings, Frank Jones, Ed- ward Jenkins, A. Kidney, Charles Kaighin, David Lucas, T. C. Lambert, William More, H. C. Morse, William Madison, O. Mayer, Samuel McDou. gal, John Martin, George Neville, W. P. Neeley, B. L. Pennington, S. E. Pennington, W. J. Pollock, A. Perrine, Frank Pennrich, J. Quellman, C. F. Spencer, Adam Schott, J. E. Stephens, Henry Skinner, H. W. Sackett, W. S. Thomas, Charles Tamblue, George Taylor, J. B. Updyke, D. Van Druver, Thomas Vickers, H. V, Wilson, C. H. Williams, A. P. Williams, A. E. Wilcox, H. H. Eichardson, L. M. Eeise, D. Rosenkrans^ J. H. Riskmeier, William Robbins, T. B. Conn, William S. Chase. Plim- mon E. Bennett. COMPANY H. Samuel H. Baird, Captain. Frank Dutton, First Lieutenant. Edwin Dennison, Second Lieutenant. James 51. Gates (1st Sergt.), Mather J. Lowman (Sergt.), Charles G. Atwood (Sergt.), William G. McNally (Sergt.), Dan'l T. Carpenter (Sergt), THE ONE YEAR INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 153 Charles Lothman (Corp.), Daniel B. Andrews (Corp.), Israel B. Heller (Corp.), Wilfred H. Tinker (Corp.), Stillman S. Scott (Corp.). Ephraim Kloch (Corp.). William Button (Corp'.), Oliver K. Brooks (Corp.), Jotham P. Abbott, John R. Armstrong, Allen T. Brinsmade, Henr.v Bobn, Chris- topher Borger, Charles R. Butler, John R. Edwards, Myer Ehrlick, Alvin L. Emerson, William Ehrlick, James C. Ellis, George Fuller, Daniel Fowaigne, John H. Foote, William H. Ferriss, Hai-vey C. Gifford, George R. Gale, Kelley N. Huston, Richard Horner. James C. Hall, John H. Hoffmeier, Frank Ingraham, Frank Kohn Thomas J. Kahoe, Sanford W. Lester John H. McGrath, Charles E. Merritt, James F. Meredith, Moses Marx, Edward N. Marx, John Messer, Charles C. Rogers, Jr., Jonas Sloss, Jacob Schnurline, George R. Smith, Brutus E. Stockwell, Edgar C. Tinker, Robert Weisman, Michael M. Weiner, Elijah F. Young, George Zahn, Albert M. Parker, Darius S. Bowler, Wallace Baldwin, Hiram Chapman, Asa H. Chamberlain,. Robert Carlysle, Almon Dewey, WilHam B. Higby, Lorenzo fearris, John R. Hanford, Orrin Mills, Wil- liam J. McConoughey, RoUin R. Men-ill, Frank O. Richards, Moses J. Richards, Abel W. Sawyer, Warner E. Smith, Alfred Stevens, Albert M. Smith, John F. Thomson, Robert Thomson, S. N. Wilson, Austin Church, Solomon H. Gleason, Chester Hill, Frederick H. Dunham, Elijah Sorter, George Strong, Vincent A. Taylor, Carlos M. Stone. COMPANY I Edwin Farr, Captain. Jonas F. Rice, First Lieutenant. John G. Fitch, Second Lieutenant. Harvey Richardson (Corp.), Eli S. Martick (Corp ), Richarad Carpen- ter (Corp.), James E. Parker (Corp.), Charles D. Knapp (Corp.), Joseph Bammer, George W. Carpenter, Herbert Fitch, Philip Finley, Herbert O. Kennedy, George W. Kennedy, Erastus Lilley, David Lewis, Robert Lattimer, Roswell McKenzie, Herbert S. Nelson, John Perkins, Cassius Stearns, Oscar D. Stearns, Asher Stearns, Henry E. Stearns, Comfort B. Taylor, Bloomer D. Underbill, (.harles L. Underbill, Albert Wright, Wm. Noble, Henry A. Ross, James P. Rice (1st Sergt.), Junius Sperry (Sergt.), Daniel A. Brown (Sergt.), Marvin O. Taylor (Sergt. J, Charles Doan(Corp.>, Charles G. Atwell, Lester Alexander, Chauncey Alexan- der, Alex. Sorter, John S. Barker, Matthew Berry, Charles C. Bell, John M. Cooley, Thomas Clayne, Hiram W. Colton, Benjamin Chap- pell, John Colahan, Newell Ford, Lorenzo E. Frost, John Hawkins, Z. S. Hall, Reuben Hall, Harvey Knapp. Myron Kellogg, John Kirk, Edson H. McCarty. Philip Phillips, Oscar N. Parsons, James C. Porter, James P. Reed, Amos Sperry, Hiram Smith. Jr , Joseph Stocking. Jr., George Standen, J oseph Sohillinger, Orpheus Smith, Frederick Tuttle. Clark Williams, Thomas Williams, .Joseph White, Alfred Wolf, James A. Potter (Sergt.), Edwin Martick (Corp.), William Andrews, Heze- kiah Dailey, Henry Y. Southworth, Martin Sawyer, William T. Sprague- Henry Steele, Daniel Winslow. ONE HUNDRED AND SIXTY-SIXTH INFANTRY. COMPANY B. Charles F. Lee, enl. May 8, 181)4. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 9, 1864. Benjamin Worthington, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY F. Cyrus Arnett, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 9, 1864. Charles E. Burr, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles T. Brown, enl. May 2. 18B4. Mustered out with the Co. James N. Burdue. enl. May 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William C. Davis, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Carlos Norton, enl. May 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. CHAPTER XXXI. THE OWE TEAK IKTFAWTHY BEGIMENTS. When and why they were raised— Their Previous Services— One Hun- dred and Seventy-seventh Infantry- In Tennessee— A Fight before Murfreesboro— Charging a Battery— Services in North CaroUna— Home — Its Cuyahoga Men— One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Infantry— At Murfreesboro. TuUahamo and Nashville — Discharged— The Cuya- hoga Members— One Hundred and Ninety-third Infantry— In the Shen- andoah Valley— Selected as Provost Guard —Disbanded — The Men from Cuyahoga— One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Infantry— Id Vir- ginia—In Garrison at Washington— Mustered out in October— The Cuy- ahoga List — One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Infantry— At Harper's Ferry and Winchester— On Provost Duty at Alexandria— Mustered out —Its Cuyahoga List— Men of the One Hundred and Ninety-sixth In- fantry—The One Hundred and Ninety -seventh the Last Regiment in the Field— Assigned to Ninth Army Corps— On Duty at Washington, Dover and Baltimore— Mustered out— The Cuyahoga Men— The One Hun- dred and Ninety-eighth— Incomplete-Disbanded and Sent Home— The Cuyahoga List. During the autumn of 18C4 and the following winter there was great need of men to replace those 20 lost by bullets, disease and other casualties of war, yet the National authorities felt sure that with persis- tent effort the already tottering confederacy could be overturned within a year. They therefore did what they had not before done, authorized the raising of regiments to serve for one year, to aid in giving the final blow to the slaveholder's rebellion. Twenty-six such regiments numbered from One Hundred and Seventy-three to One Hundred and Ninety-eighth in- clusive, were raised in Ohio alone. Nine of these contained representatives from Cuyahoga county, whose records are given in this chapter. A large pro- portion of the men and almost all of the oflScers had served in other organizations, so that the regiments, though new, were by no means "green," but able to play their part with credit from the very first. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SEVENTH INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Seventy-seventh was organ- ized at Cleveland in October, 1864, for one year's service, and included three hundred and fifty-one Cuyahoga-county men. On reporting to Major Gen- eral Thomas at Nashville, the regiment was ordered to Tullahoma, where it did garrison duty until Hood's invasion, and then marched to Murfreesboro reach- ing that place on the 2nd of December. In an en- gagement with the Rebels before Murfreesboro on the 7th of that month the One Hundred and Seventy- seventh displayed the utmost readiness for the con- flict, and was for a brief period sharply engaged; Milroy's command, of which it was a part, charging the rebels behind breastworks, driving them away and capturing two pieces of artillery. A few days after- wards, while on a foraging expedition the regiment charged a rebel battery and compelled it to retreat; having, itself, eleven men killed and wounded. After Hood was driven from Tennessee, the One Hundred and Seventy-seventh was ordered to Wash- ington, and was thence transported to Fort Fisher, N. C, where it arrived on the 7th of February, 1865. Subsequently the regiment participated in two attacks upon the enemy's works and was engaged in the flank movement which forced the rebels to evacute Fort Anderson. It also fought the enemy at Twin Creek and captured the entire command. Leaving Wilming- ton after the surrender of that place, it joined Sher- man at Goldsboro, and after the capture of Johnston proceeded to Cleveland, where it was discharged on the 7th of July, 1865. MKMBERS FROM CCYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Arthur T. Wilcox, enr. as Col. Sept. 3-3, 1 864. Mustered out with the Reg June 24, 1865. W. H. Zimmerman, enr. as Lieut. Col. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ernest J. Kraeger, enr. as Major Sept. 23. 1864. Mustered out with Reg. George C. Ketohum, enr. as Adjt. Sept. 27, 1864. Resigned May 20, 1865. George B. Huston, enr. as 2d Lieut. Co B. Sept. 7, 1864. Promoted to 1st Lieut, in Co. C, Jan. 28, 1865; and to Adjt. May 21, 1865. Mustered out June 24, 1865. James W. Raymond, enr. as R. Q. M. Sept. 7, 1864. Detached as A. A. Q. M. upon Gen. Milroy's Staff Dec. 19, 1864. 154 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOOA COUNTY. Sylvester S. Burrows, enr. as Surgeon Sept. 20, 1864. Mustered outwitli the Reg. Richard Edwards, enr. as Asst. Surg. Sept. 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. AT. A. Bivans, eur. as Asst. Surg. Sept. 20, 1864. Resigned Nov. 30, 1864. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Erasmus B. Abt, enl. Aug. 18, 1864. Prom, to Hosp. Steward April 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Herman G. Norton, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 21, 1864. Prom, to Sergt. Major Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. William E. Edwards, enr. as Sergt. Co. A Aug. 19, 1864. Prom, to Com. Sergt. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. James W. Wheelock, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 26, 1864. Prom, to Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. Jacob Markt, enr. as Fifer Sept. 2, 1864. Prom, to Chief Musician Oct. 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Reg. COMPANY A. William C. Turner, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 16, 1864. Promoted to Capt. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24. 1865. Henry J. Virgil, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 19, 1864. Clustered out with the Co. June 24, 1865. Albeit J. Hamilton, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Arthur DeLair, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Hugh A. Bowland, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Promoted (o Corp. Sept. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Torbert P. Taylor, enl. Aug. 81, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 9. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George Adams, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Bisnett, enl. Sept. 5, 1S64. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas J. Baldwin, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Edmund Cheney, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Wounded Dec. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore G. Chase, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustured out with the Co. Nicholas Croll, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel L. Coe, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Wounded Dec. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Chandler, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Silas G. Fickes, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Iletcher, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jonathan Falor, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William Gannon, enl. Aug. 31, 1,S64. Mustered out with the Co. Conrad Geiger, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John J. Geiger, enl. Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel W. Hoyt, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Russell B. Harley, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Wounded Dee. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Helen, en). Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Phihp C. Jackson, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Eliab Karr, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Leslie S: Kellogg, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Samuel K. Long, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Thomas Roush, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Henry Rose, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Shoemaker, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Russell M. Shaner, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Disch. May 29, 1865 Allen Shiflert, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Amos Shiffert, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Charles ToUzein, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Henry C. Witter, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Eugene A. Wilcox, enl. Aug. 89, 1864. Mustered out with the Co John Bingham, enl. Oct. 4, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 181st Reg., June 15 1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865. ' Simeon Richards, enl. Oct. 3, 1864. Transt. to Co. A, 181st Reg., June 15 1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865. ' George E. Needham, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Sept 8 1864. Mustered out with the Co. ' ' George E. Dunbar, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel Vose, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. March 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. George J. Duncan, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Newton N. Cooley, enr. as Corp. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles S. Ruggles, enr. as Corp. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Horace D. Austin, enr. as Corp. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Samuel E. Gordon, enr. as Corp. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Josiah Browning, eur. as Corp. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co- Thomas G. Rowell, enr. as Musician Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Frank M. Andrews, enr. as Musician Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Freeland H. Ames, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Left in Hosp. March 6, 1865. Freeman Brooks, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Philo S. Bearkle, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Edward F. Brock, enl. Aug. 19, 1864.. Mustered out with the Co. Oscar Briggs, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel E. Brooks, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Wounded near Murfreesboro, Tenn., Dec. 7, 1864. Disch. June 5, 1865. William D. Butler, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph L. Brainerd, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Dorsy W. Burroughs, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John F. G. Cold, enl. Aug. 19, 18C4. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Chambers, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Disch. June 87, 1865. Francis M. Cochran, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Uo. Edward Cowan, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Deasy, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Warren Flick, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry M. Gould, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William Hewitt, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out "with the Co. Eugene Holbrook, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William Hays, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Isaac J. Isenhart, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865. Samuel Jones, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Disch . June 7, 1865. William Jones, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William D . Jones, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James R. ICittredge, enl. Aug. 39, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Richard Keegan, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out May 29, 1865. Jacob L. Long, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jefferson J. McMillan, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George H. Mendall, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Disch. May 31, 1865. William McLean, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James M. Morse, enl. Aug. 19, 1864 Mustered out with the Co. Osceola R. Pease, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Henry A. Rock, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Oscar B. Ruggles, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Disch, June 12, 1865. John Selby, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William Seymour, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Francis R. Shattuck, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co, Samuel S. Smith, enl. Aug. 22, 1864. Mustered out July 3, 1865. Daniel W. Thomas, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. La Grange Tyler, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William J. Wright, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles B. Wiggins, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Leonard H. Cochran, enl,, Aug. 19, 1864. Killed by accident Jan. 23, 1865. George Brainard, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Died on Hosp. Boat Jan 19, 1865. Daniel Flick, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Died at Smithville, N. C, May 9, 1866. Lafayette Perkins, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Disch. for disability May 11, 1865. James McDowell, enl. Aug, 19. 1864. Disch. May 31, 1866. John L. Waldeck, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Disch. June 5, 1865. \\ illiam E. Edwards. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Isaac N. Rogers, enr. as Capt, Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co June 24, 1865. Julian H. Gates, enr. as 1st Lieut. Sept. 7, 1864. Disch. May 13, 1865. George B. Huston. (See Field and Staff.) Jere. G. Claflin, enr. as Sergt. Maj. Dec. 31, 1864 Promoted to 8d Lient_ Jan . 88, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Fred. W. Hoffman, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 13, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt_ Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas C. Bester, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Oct. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Parley Sheldon, Jr., enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles H. Halsey, enr. as Corp. Sept. 5, 1864. Promoted to Sersrt. Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co . John R. Sheets, enr. as Corp. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George Lewis, enr. as Corp. Aug. 26, 1884. Mustered out with the Co. Roswell Jackson, enr. as Corp. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James W. Derthick, enr. as Corp. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Clarence M. Peck, enr. as Corp. Sept. 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ephraim Clemens, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John W. Fowl, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Joseph G. Kestler, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frank A. Allen, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Harvey Bartholomew, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Disch. June 7, 1865. Andrew Belcore, enl. Aug. 25, 1884. Mustered out with the Co. Lyman Bryant, enl. Aug. 26, 1884. Mustered out with the Co. Irving H. Burt, enl. Aug. 35, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ira D. Baker, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865. Bowles Clark, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Benj. B. Ohadwick, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. THE ONE YEAR INEANTRY REGIMENTS. 155 John C. Durian, enl. Aug. 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Durian, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Isaac D. Dailey, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Harvey Depuy, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out June 26, 1865. Francis M. Dodge, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Andiew Elliott, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Left sick at Wilmington, N. C, March 4, 1865. Sylvanus H. Fuller, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Disch, June 5, 1865. Joseph R. Foster, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Absent on furlough since May 2, 1865. ■William E. Ford, enl. Aug. 29, 1864 . Mustered out with the Co. Lewis W. Gillett, enl. Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James W. Hooker, enl. Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out wlth'tbe Co. David D. Hose, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Robert S. Hubbell, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William B. Hamlin, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Isaac Hose. enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Hall, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co, George Heifer, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Huber, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Muttered out with the Co. Newton Hutchins, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Myron L. Krum, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co, Hiram King, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Kyoh, enl. Oct. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Horace H. Lewis, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co . Henry Lippert, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out wiih the Co. Mark Lewis, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Alden Laroe, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John W. Lindsey, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William C. Lane, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Mahoney, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles P. Nash, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Mustered out July 1, 1865. John J. Sounds, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Eugg, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William B. Sickles, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out June 2, 1865. Daniel Shubert, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph L. Sherman, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jeremiah Smith, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Disch. July 7, 1865. Emanuel Smith, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Hiram H. Thompson, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jabez S. Tompkins, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Disch. June 20, 1865. Conrad Wege, enl. Aug. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Weis, enl. Ang. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Wolgamot, enl. Sept. 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Yax, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Hiram Beebe, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Marion Coggswell, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Died at Camp Dennison, O., Jan. 27, 1865. Jonathan Eeames, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Died at Washington, D. C, Feb. 23, 1865. Albert Hawkins, enl. Aug. 23 1864. Disch. for disability April 4, 1865. Thomas Smith, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Disch. for disability May 11, 1865. Joshua P. Todd, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Disch. for disability June 12, 1865. Erasmus B. Abt. (See Non-com. Staff.) William Jenkins, enl. Oct. 3, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 181st Reg., June 15, 1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865. Jacob Markt. (See Non-com. Staff.) Jacob G. Orth, enl. Oct. 5, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 181st Reg., June 15, 1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865. Horace Upson, enr. as Drummer Aug. 12, 1864. Transf. to Co. A, 181st Reg., June 15, 1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865. James W. Wheelock. (See Non-com. Staff.) Clark Decker, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1865. COMPANY O. Daniel Matthews, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, 1865. Walter J. Nelson, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY D. Franklin H. Carr, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, 1865. Jeremiah C. Moulton, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered oufr with the Co. Peter Ryan, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Disch. for disabihty April 4, 1865. COMPANY E. Sherwood Wilcox, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, 1865. Joseph L. Oviatt, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 28, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. May 3, 1865. Farrington Case, ecr. as Corp, Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George L. Andrews, enJ. Aug. 39, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Morris Blodgett, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Disch. July 6, 1865. Frank D. Bailey, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Emory Case, enl. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Oliver E. bewey, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ferris C. Hull, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Monroe Freeman, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Disch. June 23, 1865. Clinton B. Heather, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Spofford Heather, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Musrered out with the Co. Henry Holcomb, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Prank Jones, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Livingston, enl. Aug. 29, 1-64. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick McNaraara, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Martin, enl. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Lyman Oviatt, enl. Aug, 29, 1864. Musiered out with the Co. Edwin Powers, enl. Aug. 29. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Martin Perrisville, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas L. Starkweather, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James H. Ackley, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Died at Smithvilie, N. C, Feb. 25, 1865. William H. Reutter, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Died at Camp Dennison, C, April 29. 1865. COMPANY F . Delos Elliott, enr. asSergt. Sept. 3, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, 1865. Prank O. Richards, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry A. Hollister, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 29, 1864. Disch. June 9, 1865. Henry C. Eckert, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Addison A. Root, enr. as Corp. Sept. 5, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Roderick McCormick, enr. as Corp. Sept. 17, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas C. Bentley, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Emmons J. Godfrey, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William B. Miner, enr. as Corp. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Asahel Chamberlain, enr. as Corp. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Edward T. Hayes, enr. as Corp. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Isaac T. Ralph, enr. as Corp. Sept. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Luther M. Holloway, enr. as Corp. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Frank H. Deane, enr. as Musician Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Alphonso Brock, enl. Sept. 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Alvin E. Becker, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Bryan, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Dillory, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Dancer, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. WiUiam Earle, enl. Sept. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis Fisher, enl. Sept. 33, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Grogan, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Disch. June 12, 1865. Hugh Gray, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry A. Grubb, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Disch. May 39, 1865. Russell E. Griswold, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Disch. July 15, 1865. Simon Green, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Clark C. Griffen, enl. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Theophilus Glasser, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Hudson, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Hofmeister, enl. Sept. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph K. Harris, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Julius Hoskins, enl. Aug. 35, 1864. Hammond Hellmer, enl. Sept. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Harris L. Jefts, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. James F. Knight, enl. Sept. 20, 1864. Shubal S. Marsh, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Robert Maxwell, enl. Aug. 81, 1864. Disch. June 1, 1895. Alfred H. McClarin, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. John McLaughlin, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Isaac Onterkirk, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Abraham Olcott, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Disch. June 19, 1865. David Peters, enl. Sept, 16, 1864. Disch. June 10, 1865. Charles H. Eanney, enl. Sept, 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Edward P. Roggen, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out July 7, 1865. Patrick Rowley, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. John Reilly, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry W. Rymers, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out June 33, 1865. Lemuel Root, enl. Sept. 13. 1864. Disch. Jime 1, 1865. Michael Romarie, enl. Sept. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Scrivens, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Disch. June 10, 1865. Jacob Sonneider, enl. Sept. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. David Throne, enl. Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Treep, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Terry, enl. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James H. Waldo, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. August Kerr, enl. Sept. 17, 1864. Died at Murtreesboro, Tenn., Deo. 13 1864. George Olcott, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Died ;in Hosp. N. Y. Harbor April 19, 1865. 15fi GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Jacob G. Rebber, enl. Sept. 22, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Cape Fear River Feb. 15, 1865. James F. Bennett, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Disch. May 20, 1865. George F. Chapman, enl. Sept. .15, 1854. Disoh. May 24, 1865. Herman 6. Norton. (See Non-com. Staff.) Gabriel M. Betz, enl. Sept. 14, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co June 24, 1865. Alfred J. Thurston, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Baird, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Robert E. Osborn, enr. as Musician Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Bragington, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Kennedy, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Lyman F. Smith, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Robert Cochran, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. May 24, 1865. Edwin E. Sumner, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. May 24, 1665. John B. Betz, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Disch. June 8, 1865. Charles P. Townsend, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 22, 1864, and to 1st Sergt. Oct. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, 1865. Andrew J. Lamb, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 22, 1864 Mustered out with the Co. Ebenezer J. Baird, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John R. Moore, enl, Sept. 26, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 9, 1864. Mus- tered out with the Co. Kenneth F. Davidson, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Promoted to Corp. April 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Avery, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Jime 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Angelo Andrew, enl. Aug. 27. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James E. Barr, enl. Aug. 31, 1864, Taken prisoner Dec. 14, 1864. Jacob T. Barnett, enl. Aug, 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles S. Beckley, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Martin C. Bently, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William Bolles, enl. Sept. 1. 1861. Mustered out with the Co. David Bonesteil, enl. Sept. 6, 1864, John Boughman, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John E. Carter, enl. Aug. 25, 1864. John Cackler, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Charles A. Churchill, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Louis B. Clark, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865. Aimer H. Colvin, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Simon Cay, enl. Sept. 5, 1854. Mustered out with the Co. George Dalks, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Harvey E. Dustin, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Louis Gillespie, enl. Sept. 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Gilbert, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Absalom O. Halliwell, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John D. Hall, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Albert R. Hewitt, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Robert Hogan, enl. Aug. 89, 1864. Edmund Jenkins, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Chipman R. Johnson, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865. Joseph P. Johnson, enl. Sept. 3, 1K64. Orris P. Lamb, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George Mann, enl. Sept. 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Orrin Markham, enl. Sept. r>, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Lester Robinson, enl. Sept. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Christian Treep, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Disch. July 5, 1865. George C. Blackwood, enl. Oct. 9, 1864. Disch. May 26, 1865. COMPANY T George B. Squires, enr. as 2d Lieut. July 30, 1864. Promoted to Oapt. Oct. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 34, 1865. Theodore B. Wise, enr. as 2d Lieut. Sep' . 10, 1864. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Oct. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Silas H. Kent, enr. as 2d Lient. Aug. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Bailey, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 2, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Henry Strauhle, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 28, 1864. Clustered out with the Co. Edwin H. Richman, enr. as Corp. Sept. 12. 1S64, Mustered out with the Co. Romanus Binkley, enr. as Corp. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Julius Boday, enl. Sept. 3, l'i64. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Boday. enl. Sept. 13. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John T. Brown, enl. Sept. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Melancton Binkley, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co Hugh Boyd, enl. Sept. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. David Cohensparger, enl. Sept. 27, 1854. Mustered out with the Co William H. Faulkner, enl. Sept. 27, 186 1. Mustered out with the Co Washington Hoffman, enl. Sept. 14, 1864. John Hartwell, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Irwin, enl. Sept. 27, 1864. Almon Louden, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel M. Lutes, enl. Sept. 17, 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865. Charles M. Lemengon, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Elliott T. Mellin, enl. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Homer Overmine, enl. Sept. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ansel Pomeroy, enl. Sept. 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Frederic Shovar, enl. Sept. 15. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Austin Tuttle, enl. Sept. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Wilson, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Martin V. Faux, enl. Oct. 4, 1864. Transf. to 181st Reg., Co. A, June 15, 1865. Mustered out July 14, 1865. Luther Morton, enl. Oct. 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. March 18, 1865. Transf. tol81stReg., Co. A, Junel5,186o. Mustered out July 14, 1865. COMPANY K. Charles W. Batchelder, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. June 24, 1865. Jerry Belcher, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Justus J . Brockett, enl . Sept . 22, 1864 . Mustered out with the Co . Cloyd Hull, enl. Sept. 23, 1854. Mustered out wit* the Co. James Mattocks, enl. Sept. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Horace Rockwell, enl. Sept. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Gillmore. enl. Sept. 7, 1864 Died at Wilmington, N. C, March 7, 1865. Alfred C. Hartson, enl. Sept. 19, 1864. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Jan. 31, 1865. ONE HUNDRED AND EIGHTY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. The OneHnndretl aud Eighty-eighth was organ- ized at Camp Chase, having been recruited during the previous winter, on the 4tli of March, 1865, for the term of one year. It contained one hundred and ninety-two Cuyahoga county men. It reached Xash- ville on the 9th of March, when it was ordered to Murfreesboro, whence, after a two months' stay, it proceeded to Tuliahoma. After a two months' so- journ at Tullahoma, the regiment was ordered to Nashville, where it remained until its muster out on the 21st of September. It reached Camp Chase on the 24th, and on the 28th was paid and discharged. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Perry C. Taylor, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Maj. July 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 31. 1865. Daniel W. Zehner. enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865. COMPANY B. John H. McGrath, enr. as Capt. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 21, 1865. George E. Sanger, enr. as 1st Lieut. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Ransom D. Burton, enr. as 1st. Sergt. March 4, 1865. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. July 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John T. Miller, enr. as Corp. Feb. 4, 1865. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James McLaughlin, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Co. Alonzo B. Stroud,' enl. Feb. 9, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1,1865. Mustered but with the Co. Charles Tibbitts, enl. Jan. 10, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. David D. Towner, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore Jloore, enr. as Corp. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Moses W. Bailey, enr. as Corp. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James C. Palmer, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas C. Richmond, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Promoted to Coip. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Rerchek, enl. Feb. 14, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. WiUiam W. Salisbury, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Stephen S. Parr, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 1, 1865. Disch. Sept. 7, 1865. THE ONE YEAR INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 157 John Ackerman. enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Asa A. Adams, enl. Feb, 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. H. Blackford, enl. Jan. 10. 1865. Mustei'ed out with the Co, David Bohm, enl. Jan. 16. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Benjamin, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William P. Barber, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frank Butler, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Oliver Brake, enl. Feb. 20. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Beals, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Perry Cackler, enl. Jan. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Cochhn, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frank Couvrette, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick R. Chilson, enl. Feb. 82. 1866. Disci). Sept. 4, 1865. Luther M. Clark, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Eli A. Dayton, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Disch. Sept. 11, 1865. Fred I. Douthiel, enl. Feb. 20 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William P. Dunning enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Djsch. Sept. 4, 1865. D. H. Freeman, enl. Jan. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Gardner, enl. Jan. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Holbrcok, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Disch. Aug- 2], 1865. Fred. E. Humphrey, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Jones enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Johnson, enl. Jan. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Casper Korner, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis Kohl, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William O. Lyman, enl. Feb. 20, If 65. Disch. Aug. 23, 1865. Henry W. Love, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Ervan Murphy, enl. Jan. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Mooney, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Mack. enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Fred. A. Mansfield, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Bryan Martin, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John H. Miller, enl. Feb. 20. 1865. Disch. Sept. 13. 1865. John Mosur, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Malone, enl. Feb. 19, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Michael McGue, enl. 'Jan. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Null, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nicholas Neigler, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Ott, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered'out with the Co. John H. Parr, enl. Feb. 23. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Fletcher, enl. Jan. 14, 1H65. Mustered out with the Co. James H. Paige, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Benj. F. Richmond, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Isaac N. Reid. enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Ray, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Shea, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Schood, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. WiUiam Tropplett, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. A. D. Thomas, enl. Feb. 20, 1665. Mustered out with the Co. John B. Uller, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Disch. Sept. 4, 1866. Philip Wellyard, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Weick, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Wright, enl. Feb. 81, 1865. Disch. Sept. 4, 1865. Albert Wynkoop, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Weeks, enl. Feb. 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Williams, enl. Feb, 7, l!S65. Mustered out with the Co. George Green, enl. Feb. 6, 1866. Died at Louisville, Ky., March 22, 1866. Alanson Palmer, enl. Feb. 14, 1866. Died at Nashville, Tenn., March 23; 1865. Alexander Paterson, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., April 19, 1865. Warren L. Judd, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., June 19, 1865. Andrew W. Duty, enl. Feb. 6, 1866. Prcmoted to 2d Lieut. Jonathan R. Chaffee, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Disoh. tor disability May 83, 1865. Henry E. Phile, enl. Feb. 18. 1865. Disch. June 8, 1865. Charles Brown, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Disch. July 14, 1865. Ezekiel Y. Flowers, enl. Feb. 26, 1865. Disch. Aug. 31, 1865. COMPANY E. Alexander Mcintosh, enr. as 2d Lieut. Jan. 6, 1865. Promoted to Capt, March 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 21, 1865. Charles W. Baxter, enr. as 2d Lieut. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Scott, enr. as 1st Sergt. Jan. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William J. Pollock, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 13, lf65. Mustered out with the Co. Edwin W. Phinney, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 24, 1865. Disch. Sept. 4, 1865. Henry L. Blair, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 1885. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Disoh. Sept. 3, 1865. EUsha Frayer, enl. Feb. 30, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 1. 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. William Marshal, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. Sept. 26, 1865. Alanson Husony, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co F. G. Minor, enr. as Corp. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Odell, enr. as Corp. Feb. 15. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. 20 a Vemeuil Minor, enr. as Corp_. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Louis Anderson, enl. Feb. l?) 1865, Disch. Sept. 4, 1865. John Ambs, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the C i. John Beswick, enl. Feb. 17. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Francis W. Bradley, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Cornwall N. Brill, enl. Feb. 24. 1865. Mustered out wit ' the Co. Daniel Cullour. enl. Feb 27. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Dodsworth, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John G. Dorsh, enl. Feb. 13. 1866. Disch. Oct. 17, 1865. Joseph Davis, enl. Feb. 15. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George H. Everett, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George B. Foster, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Stewart Gaylord, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Giles Gregory, enl. Feb. 13 1865. Mustered out Sept. 13, 1865. Warren Hende- shot, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Casper Hummell, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George L. Hudson, enl. Feb. 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William M. Houck, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Hartman, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 13, 1865. Joseph W. Kirby, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Clustered out with the Co. Conrad Litzell, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas G Morgan, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew MoGrun, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Ruple. enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co George Spangler, enl. Jan. 23, 1866. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Stephens, enl. Jan. 13, 1865." Mustered out with the Co. Anthony Smith, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Felling, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustfred cut with the Co. John Valentine, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. G. Waters, enl . Feb. 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Wolf, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Orlando B. Welch, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edward G. Beswick, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., April 6, 1865. John M. Beswick, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Died at Nashville, Tenn., June 81, 1866. Samuel Pinker, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Died at Murfreesboro, May 10, 1865. Sidney Western, enl. Feb. 14. 1865. Died at TuUahoma, Tenn., May 21, 1865. Asa C. Adams, enl. Feb. 80, 1865. Disch. Aug. 18, 1865. Patrick Burk, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Disch. July 14, 1865. Amos Clark, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Disch. July 22, 1865. Porter Greenfield, enl. Feb. 15, 1866. Disch. May 8-2, 1866. James H. Husony, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. July 13, 1865. Reuben McClellan, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Disch. July 18, 1865. Lawrence Pflster enl. Feb. 13. 1865. Disch. Aug. 22, 1865. William Quayle, enl. Feb. 16, 1866. Disch. July 4, 1865. John W. Ridgeman, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Disch. May 22. 1865. Harvey Ruple, enl. Feb. 15, 1866 Disch, May 16, 1865. Dudley Ruple, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Disch. July 22, 1866: William T. Wheeler, enl. Feb. 80, 1865. Disch. May 83, 1866. Perry C. Taylor. (See Non-Com. Staff.) James McMahan, enl. Feb. 6, lb'65. Disch. Aug. 81, 1865. COMPANY G. John F. Kennedy, enr. as 2d Lieut. Jan. 5, 1865. Promoted to Capt. March 4, 1866. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 21, 1865. George W, Voice, enr. as 1st Lieut. March 4, 1865. Resigned June 13, 1865. Andrew W. Duty. enl. Feb. 6. 1865. Promoted to 2d Lieut. March 3, 1865, and to 1st Lieut. Co. G, July 15, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 21. 1866. Sidney P. Sinclair, enr. as 2d Lieut. March 4. 1865. Died at Murfrees- boro, Tenn., April 2, 1865. John T. Zenner, enr. as 1st Sergt. March 4, 1865. Promoted to 2d Lieut. July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George King, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 26, 1865. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mus- tered out with the Co. Andrew Rick, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Marks, enl. Feb. 80, 1866. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Jacob Fraelier, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Henry E. Bohm, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Dixon, enr. as Corp. Jan. 26, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles R. Snnborn, eur. as Corp. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with Co. Alexander Graham, enr. as Corp. Feb. 8, 1365. Mustered out with Co. Henry Rohrig, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Thomas Bradbeer. enl. Feb. 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry C. Breckenridge, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Bell, enl. Jan. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Bickford, enl. Feb. 7, 1805. Mustered out with the Co. Henry J. Becker, enl. Feb. 80, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry J. Burns, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 21, 1865. Thomas Conway, enl. Jan. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Cragg, enl, Feb. 14, 1866. Mustered out with the Co. 158 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Joseph Cathcart, enl , Feb. as, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Darius Deeds, enl. Feb 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Michael D. Rukenbrod, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Ely, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Diseh. Sept. 13, 1865. Albert L. Fritsoher, enl . Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John A. Ferguson, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Foster, enl. Feb. 6, 186.3. Mustered out with the Co. Eufus Foster, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. "VViiliam Fermenger, enl. Feb. 10. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Gehringer, enl. Jan. 11. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Calvin Gaines, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Jlustered out with the Co. Patrick Gillespie, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Go. Christian Hahn, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Harrington, enl. Jan. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Hof richter, enl. Jan. 28, 1863 . Mustered out with the Co. Thomas J. Jacobs, enl. Feb. 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles W. Lyman, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry D. Leonard, enl. Feb. 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Lane, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Allen Morrison, enl. Feb. 8, 1865. Disch. Sept. 5, 1865. Wilham Myer, enl. Jan. 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Ottinger, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Raquett, enl. Jan . 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Schrauer, enl. Jan. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Side, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles P. Smith, enl. Feb. 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Wright, enl. Jan. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Wenner, enl. Jan. .31, 1865. Disch. Sept. 5, 1865. Isaac A. TUEany, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Died at Nashville, Tenn March 20 1665. Joseph N. Brown, enl . Feb. 10, 1865. Died at Nashville, July 29, 1865. Philip J. Probeek, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Disch. for disability May 13, 1865. Charles Vradeuburg, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Disch. for disability May 28 1865. ' Hiram Bump, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Disch. for disability Aug. 23 1863 Michael Eichardson, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Disch. for disabihtv Aus 22 1865. . ,7 s. , John G. Edson, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Disch. for disability June 19. 1865. Daniel VV. Zehner. (See Non-Com. StaJT.) COMPANY 1 . John H. Hoffmeier, enr. as 2nd Lieut. March 4, 1865. Resigned June 23 1865. ONE HUXDEED AXD EIGHTY-NINTH INFANTEY. COMPANY F. John B. Heckler, enl. Jan. 16, 1863. Promoted to Corp. May 17 1865 Mustered out with the Co., Sept. 28, 1865. Frederick Wizeman, enl. Jan. 13, 1863. Promoted to Corp. May 18 1865 Mustered out with the Co. William Wilbor, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Promoted to Corp. June 14, 1865 Mustered out with the Co . Matthew Wilbor, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Michael GaUagher, enl. Feb. 26, 1863. Disch. from Hosp. July 13, 1865. ONE HUXDEED AND NINETY-THIRD INPANTEY. But sixty-nine men entered the One Hundred and iS'inety-third from Cuyahoga county. The regiment was organized at Camp Chase in March, 1865, for one year's service, and departed at once for the Shenan- doah valley. After reaching Charlestown, near Har- per's Ferry, it was organized with other regiments into a brigade and marched up the valley to Win- chester, where it remained until after the surrender of the Rebel forces. General Sickles complimented the drill of the One Hundred and Ninety-third by select- ing it for provost-guard duty at Winchester in which .service it continued until mustered out. After that It proceeded at once to Camp Chase, where it was dis- charged on the 9th of August, 1865. ilEilBEES FE03I CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY I. William C. Neagle, enr. as 1st Sergt. March 7. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 4, 1865. John C. Watson, enl. Jan. 18, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. March 12, 1865 Mustered out with the Co. George 0. Morris, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. March 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co Benjamin Langell, enl. Jan. 17, 1865. Promoted to Sergt. March 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles H. Bull, enl. Feb. It, 1863. Promoted to Corp. March 12, 1865, and to Sergt. May 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Wilhams, enr. as Corp. Feb. 26, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Benjamin Britton, enr. as Corp. Feb. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James McGregor, enr. as Corp. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Cornelius Minahau, enr. as Corp. March. 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Lorenzo W. Twitchell, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. Promoted to Corp. May 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Roadhouse, enl. March 4, 1865 . Promoted to Corp. May 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Aiken, enl. March 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Rody Anst, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Bennett, enl. Feb. 15, 1883. Mustered out with the Co. Warren Ball, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George H. Beardsley, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Colyer, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Cummings, enl. Feb . 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Robert H. Carlysle, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Amzi J. Day, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Eilar, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Eaton, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John G. Goetz, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Gray, enl. Feb. 25, 1865 . Mustered out with the Co. James H. Green, enl. March 4, 1865. Mustered out with Co. James T. Hastin s, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Hemler, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Hardy, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Halligan, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James A. Haymaker, enl. Jan. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Hopkins, enl. Jan. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Hagerling, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Jenkins, enl. Feb. 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Jenkins, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Gottlieb Kaber, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel Keneley, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with tlie Co. Benjamin T. Love, enl. March 2, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Warren Morris, enl. Feb. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis Maule. enl. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. WiUiam Morgan, enl. Jan. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nicholas Meyer, enl. March 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William McKane, enl. Feb. 88, 1863. Absent sick at the muster out. Robert McCormick, enl. Feb. 27, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John McKenna, enl. Jiarch 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles L. Oberley, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Pierce, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Musteied out with the Co. John Perew, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick H. Quinn, enl. Feb. 28. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. D. Rosekraus, enl. Maich 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Solomon Rhinehart, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nicholas Reis, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Johnson Russell, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Strong, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sebastian H. Snoball, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Sherman, enl. Feb. 16. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frederic C. Senghas. enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Eugene D. Smith, enl. Feb. 27. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Sweeney, enl. Feb. 14, 1?65. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis Turner, enl. Jan. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William K. Thompson, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henrr Wagner, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Hadley, enl. Feb. 20, 1863. Disch. June 19, 1865. Charles Willard, enl. Feb. 4, 1865. Disch. July 8, 1865. Perley Brush, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Died at Camp Chase, 0., April 3, 1865. James T. Horton, enl. Feb. 3, 1863. Died at Wheeling, West Va , April 16 1865. Isaac Weber, enl. Feb. 18, 1863. Died in Hosp. July 26, 1865. Edward K. Hanscom, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Addison M. Hotelling, enr. as 2d Lieut. March 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles M. Russell, enr. as Capt. March 12, 1865. Mustered out with Co, ONE HUNDRED AND XIN^ETY-FOURTH INFANTRY. Fifty-one men from Cuyahoga county enlisted in this regiment. It was organized at Camp Chase for one year's .service in the forepart of Marcli, 1865, and immediately proceeded to Charlestown, Va., where it ^•as assigned to Major General Egan's division. The THE ONE YEAR INFANTRY REGIMENTS. 159 surreuder of Lee's army cut off all opportunity for the "regiment to engage in field service, and after re- turning to Washington it performed garrison duty there until mustered out on the 24th of October, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY F. William Sims, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Jan. 12, 1865. Prom. toCapt. March 14, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. Edward K. Hanscomb, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Co. F, 194th Inf. Meh. 13. 1865, and to 1st Lieut. July 9, 1865. Mustered out Oct. 24, 1865. Frank H. Burnham, enr. as 1st Sergt. Jan. 18, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Oct. 24, 1665. James Amott, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Keisen, enr. as Sergt, Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Nolan, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 13, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. Abram Pernie, enr. as Corp. Feb. 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Eoswell McKinzie, enr. as Corp. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles K. Wells, enr. as Corp. Feb. 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Wheeler, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865. Mustered out witli the Co. John J. Wright, enl. Feb. 10, 1865. Promoted to Corp. July 13, 1865, Mustered out with the Co, Henry Neef, enl. March 1, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. David G. Bigelow, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Beardling, enl. Feb. 21, 1865., Mustered out with the Co. Edward Brady, enl. Feb. 27,^ 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Adam Boah, enl, Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Cummings, enl. Feb, 18, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. John Chambers, enl. Feb. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Cochran, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Gottfried Grim, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Graif, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry HoUinger, enl. Jan. 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Herbert, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Philip Hoch, enl. Feb. 35, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Kahl, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. PhiUp Kuntz, enl. Feb. 28. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Kindley, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Kallakey, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William G. Matthews, enl. Feb. 14, 1866. Mustered out with the Co. Nicholas Milliman, enl. Jan. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Meyer, enl. Feb. 11, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Myers, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John S. Naef , enl. March 1, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. George H. Pettingill, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel Pitkin, enl. Feb. 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Albert Rodig, enl. March 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Gottlieb Both, enl. Jan. 16, 1665. Mustered out with the Co. Morris Schneider, enl. Feb. 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Schwab, enl. Feb. 22, 1865, Mustered out with the Co, Patrick Sohooency, enl. Jan, 23, 1865, Mustered out with the Co, Conrad Wagner, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Boyer, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Disch. May 18, 1865. John Nickel, enl. Feb.. 18, 1865. Disch, June 22, 1865. George Stokes, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. May 16, 1865. Manly Cole, enl. March 1, 1865. Disch. from Hosp, March 14, 1865. Paul Perry, enl, Feb. 5, 1865. Left in Hospital at Cumberland, Md., July 16, 1865. Charles Daly, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Promoted to Corp. Disch. May 23, 1865. Daniel Schwab, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Disch. May 19, 1865. Martin Thompson, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Disch. May 23, 1865. Cordan Cherry, enl. Feb. 24, 1865. Disch. May 23, 1865. Chauncey E. Bryoe, enl. March 1, 1865. Died at Harper's Ferry July 25. 1865. George W. Hurd, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. May 29, 1863. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-FIFTH INFANTRY. This regiment was recruited in March, 1865, for a service of one year, and had forty-four Cuyahoga- county men in its ranks. Leaving Camp Chase di- rectly after its organization, the One Hundred and Ninety-fifth reached Harper's Ferry on the 35th of March, and, after doing garrison duty at that point a few days, went into camp at Winchester, Va. After Lee's surrender the regiment was ordered to Alexan- dria, and there did provost-guard duty until the mus- ter-out at Washington in December, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Charles H. Babcock, enr. as 1st Lieut, and Q. M. March 20, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Reg. Deo. 18, 1865. COMPANY K. Edward VaiUaut, enr. as Capt. March 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew J, Hering, enr. as 2nd Lieut. March 20, 1865. Resigned Nov. 2, 1865. Henry Gayer, enr. as Sergt, March 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Dec. 18, 1865. Joseph Conkey, enr. as Sergt. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nathaniel G, Foster, enr. as Sergt. March, 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James D. Chapman, enr. as Sergt. March 4, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. Monroe D. Thomas, enr. as Corp. March 6, 1865, Mustered out with the Co, George Montague, enr, as Corp, March 9, 1865. Died Dec, 1865. James C. Ryan, enr. as Corp. March 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob A. Miller, enr. as Corp. March 7, 1865. Absent at time of muster out. Charles iCook, enr. as Corp. March 7, 1865. Absent at time of mus- ter-out. George Asken, enl, March 6, 1865, Mustered out with the Co, Michael Behan, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, John J. Babbitt, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Lester C. Beardsley, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nicholas P. Eighmy enl. March 7, 186B. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Fay, enl. March 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Benj. F. George, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Gates, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Gowman, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Smith A. Higgins, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Alfred B. Higgins, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles T. Higgins, enl, March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles N. Higgins, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Franklin J. Kirk, enl. March 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Theodore Little, enl. March 7, 1865. Burnett Lewis, enl. March 9, 1865. Michael Manny, enl. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry M. Messer, enl. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Seeley Mount, enl. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John J. Neville, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles E. Reader, enl. March 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Co, John Simmons, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick A. Skeels, enl. March 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nathan Soule, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Theron C. Soule, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frank B. Storer, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Fayette L. Thomas, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Levi Turoott, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Robert Taite, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Peter S. Wright, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Zimmer, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John A. Ryan, enl. March 6, 1865. Disch. for disability June 82, 1865. Albert S. Sherman, enl. March 7, 1865. Disch. June 29, 1863. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-SIXTH INFANTRY. FIELD AND STAFF, Eben S, Coe, enr. as Capt. Co. H, 124th Inf., Nov. 17, 1862. Promoted to Lieut. Col. 196th Inf. March 26, 1865. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. COMPANY H. John H. Inman, enr, as Corp, March 11, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1863. Enoch Allerton, enr, as Corp, March 13, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. George W, Miller, enr. as Corp. March 13, 1865. John Brown, enl. March 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Colton, enl. March 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Anthony Ernst, enl. March 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Schwemler, enl. March 9, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William A, Wilcox, enl. March 11, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, Philip Houck, enl. JIarch 10, 1865. Disch. June 3, 1863. 160 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. OXE HUNDRED AND KIXETT-SEVENTH INFANTRY. The One Hundred and Ninety-seventh was the last regiment sent to the field from Ohio, and was re- cruited to a total strength of one thousand and six men, of whom forty-nine were from Cuyahoga county. All but five of its officers, and about half of its men, had seen service. The regiment was organized April I'i, 1865, for one year, and on the 25th left Camp Chase for Washington. The war being then practically over, the One Hundred and Ninety-seventh had no chance to earn especial distinction. It was assigned to the Ninth army corps, and after spending a few days in camp near Alexandria returned to Washington. It soon left for Dover, Del., when it lay in camp four weeks. From that time until July 31st — when it was mustered out at Baltimore — the regiment did guard duty along the line of the Baltimore and Ohio rail- road, and at the camps, forts and hospitals in and near Baltimore. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Gei-fhom M. Barber, enr. as Lieut. Col. April 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Eeg. July 31, 1865. George W. Pease, enr. as Asst. Surg. April 3, 1S65. Mustered out with the Reg. COMP.ANY D. William Hubbard, enr. as Corp. Feb. 15, 1866. Mustered out with the Co. July 31, 1865. John Hogan, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co . COMPANY F. Harry W. Jones, enr. as Lieut. April 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Addison M. Bloom, enr. as 1st Sergt. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 31, 1865. Jeremiah B. Black, enr. as Sergt. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out with Co. Spencer C. Norton, enr. as Corp. Feh. 24, 1865. Mustered out with Co. George "W. Wadsworth. enr. as Corp. March 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Owen, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Promoted to Corp. July 8, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Eugene Adams, enl. March 34, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Lemuel H. Barney, enl. March 2, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph R. Baker, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Clustered out with the Co. Wesley Booth, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Wallace C. Davis, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. David Evans, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Epple, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Stephen Farren, etil. March 3, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. Franz Herberger, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Howesworth, enl. Jan. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Gustave Houpt,*enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Kirehner, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Ketchum, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Dsch. 3Iay 82, 1865. Charles Larish, enl. March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Lillie, enl. Jan. 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John M. Moore, enl. Feb. 23. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. S. E. Manly, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Abram Martin, enl. Feb. -27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George C. Morgan, enl. Feb. *2?, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas McDermott, enl. Jan. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Bartholemew Neumour. enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Bradley Pelton, enl. March 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. David Poulette, enl. March 3, 1865. Died at Cleveland. O., Aug. 20, 1865. Carl Peterson, enl. Jan. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Michael Renschler, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Sharpcott, enl. March 2, lSfi5. Mustered out with the Co. Oscar Simmonds, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Schacterle, enl. Feb-. -23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Taupell, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Carl Worthele, enl. Jan. 3s, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Smith Kingsbury, enl. Feb. 13, 1865. Disch. July 27, 1865. James Cullen, enl. March 2, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865. James Miller, enl. Feb. 15, 1865. Disch. for disability June 14, 1865. Gustave Riohler, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Disch. July 8, 1865. Henry Dunwell, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Died at Camp Chase, 0., June 13, 1865. COMPANY K. Charles H. Bellinger, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 31, 1865. Nicholas Streator, enl Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 31, 1865. Eli M. Jennings, enl. Feb. 14, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George Shafer, enl. Feb. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. ONE HUNDRED AND NINETY-EIGHTH INFANTRY. But eight companies of this proposed regiment had been recruited at Camp Chase when, the war being declared at an end, the companies were disbanded and the men departed for their homes. Of the enlist- ments into the One Hundred and Ninety-eighth, fifty-one were from Cuyahoga county. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY B. Andrew J. Raynor. enr. as 1st Lieut. April 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. May 8, 1865. John H. Brooks, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out wih the Co. John Cass, enl. March 13, 1835. Mustered out with the Co. Calvin C. Carr, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John A. Fitzwater, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sharon P. Inman, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Kelley, enl. March 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. David H. McCrary. enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick McGree, enl. March 25. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Roberts, enl. April 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Benj. F. Ray, enl. March 16, 1865. JIustered out with the Co. Minot Stebbins, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Q. A. Samson, enl . March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William X. Smith, enl. March 21, 1865. Musteredout with the Co. COMPANY D. Perry Prentiss, enr. as Capt. April 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co May 8. 1865. Edgar J. Woodward, enr. as 1st Lieut. Mustered out with the Co. James D. W. Mandeville, enr. as 2nd Lieut. April 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Conrad Busch, enl. March 14. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Byron H. Bosley, enl. March 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Adam Baisch, enl. March 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Edwin M. Bailey, enl. March 35. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Robert Curphey, enl. April 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Dunn. enl. April 4. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William R. Dyson, enl. March 29, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Fritz, enl. March 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Hacker, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Hawkins, enl. April 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Willis M. Hepburn, enl. March 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Hamlin, enl. March 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Hellmer, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James H. Kincaide, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William D. Keller, enl. April 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Martin L. Keller, enl. March 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Koneman, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Magridge enl. March 27. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. WUUam Meyer, enl. March 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Hart Newhall, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out -with the Co. James P. Nichols, enl. March 24, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James O'Connor, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Price, enl. March 37. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Schwab, enl. March 29. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Christian Schwartz, enl. March 28, 1665. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Schloman, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Alfred Schring, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles D. Towner, enl. April 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Conrad Walmser, enl. March 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Wagner, enl. April 5, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Werkmeister, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Whitworth, enl. March 37, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James Wilson, enl. April 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Zimmerman, enl. April 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. THE SHARPSHOOTEKS. ]61 CHAPTER XXXII. THE SHAEPSHOOTBHS. The Governor's Intention— Capt. Barber's Cuyahoga Company— Other Companies— The Test of Admission— A Battalion organized— It joins Boseerans — Two more Companies — At Chickamauga/— Covering J. C. Davis' Retreat — Ordered to protect the Boad — Looking over the Ground— Taking Position- The Duel across the Biver— The Eebels retreat— Various Scouts— On a Gunboat— A Rebel Spy— A Dangerous Boad— A Texan Ambush— The Sharpshooters driven out of Town- Shelling the Place— The Torch— A Texan Charge repulsed — Other Gunboat Service — Joining Sherman — Guarding the Ammunition — Back with Thomas — Captain Barber mustered out — The Battalion mustered out— Names of the Cuyahoga Sharpshooters. In the autumn of 1862 Gov. Tod undertook to raise ten independent companies of sharpshooters, to serve on special duty, without field officers. Capt. Gershom M. Barber raised a company which was largely com- posed of residents of Cuyahoga county, and which was denominated the Fifth Independent Company of Sharpshooters. The Sixth and Seventh companies were also recruited in this county; the captains hav- ing free access to the large camp of drafted men at Camp Cleveland. A portion of their men were actual residents of the county, though generally credited to other counties in which the captains resided. The Ninth and Tenth companies were also largely com- posed of Cuyahoga-county men, but, as previously stated these were mustered into the Sixteenth In- fantry and served with that regiment. On the companies being completed, the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh were organized in a battalion, and Capt. Barber, as the senior officer, was placed in command. The men were all picked with reference to their physical ability, and before being mustered each was required to make a "string" of not exceeding twenty- five inches in five shots, at one hundred yards off-hand or at two hundred yards at a rest. Their uniform was the same as that of the infantry, except that the trimmings were green, and they were armed with Spen- cer's seven-shooting rifies. They remained at Camp Cleveland, drilling as in- fantry and also practicing at the target, until March, 1863, when they joined Rosecrans' army at Murfrees- boro, and were attached to the general's headquarters for special service. The battalion was never brigaded, but remained permanently attached to the headquar- ters of the Army of the Cumberland throughout the war; being detailed on special duty whenever neces- sary. The battalion was there joined by the Fourth and Eighth Independent companies; the whole being under the command of Capt. Barber. The Fourth company, however, was detached just before the bat- tle of Chickamauga. At that battle two companies, of which the Fifth was one, were in charge of the department headquar- ters. On Sunday, the third day of the fight, while they were on their way, under orders, to join Gen. Rosecrans, and while in rear of Gen. Jefferson C. Davis' division, there was a general break along the Union lines, and that division retreated; leaving the sharpshooters directly in front of the enemy. Unable to join Rosecrans, Capt. Barber reported to Davis, who ordered him to fall back four hundred yards and form line of battle. He did so, and Davis attempted to rally his division in the rear. It broke, however, and a similar order was again sent to Capt. Barber and obeyed. Four times the sharpshooters formed in line and engaged the enemy's advance; thus covering the retreat of Davis' division, and at length following it from the field. "When, after that battle, the rebels cut off the sup- plies from the army at Chattanooga, Gen. Rosecrans had a road built westward along the north side of the Tennessee. But the rebel sharpshooters from across the river, at the point where it passes through the Cumberland mountains, broke up the first supply train ; killing many of the men and horses. A regi- ment of Kentucky infantry and a battery of artillery both proved unable to protect the exposed point. Capt. Barber was then ordered to detail fifty men for that purpose. He obtained permission to go in com- mand himself. Taking his detail to the locality on the rainy after- noon of the 13th of October, 1863, he went over the exposed road, attended only by a guide, to lay out his plans. Nearly a hundred shots were fired across the river at the two men, but by keeping on the move they escaped injury. Having thus ascertained just where the enemy was posted, the captain at three o'clock the next morning led his men on to the ground, and stationed them in squads opposite the positions occupied by the rebels. At dawn both parties began firing across the river. A series of lively duels was kept up until ten o'clock, at which time the rebels withdrew up the mountain, leaving Capt. Barber and his men complete masters of the position. Only one man was wounded and he but slightly. They afterward learned from spies and prisoners that the rebels suffered very severely in killed and wounded before they abandoned the posi- tion. The detachment was joined by the rest of the battalion, and held the ground in question until Hooker's two corps arrived and communications were entirely restored. At Mission Ridge the sharpshooters were held in reserve. After that, they were at headquarters most of tlie time till the first of May, 1864, though they were engaged in a protracted scout between the hos- tile lines in February, and the Fifth and Eighth companies were located forty miles up the Tennessee, to protect Union citizens, during part of March and April. From about the first of May until the first of July the battalion manned a gunboat in the Tennessee, to keep the banks and vicinity clear of rebel guerrillas and raiding parties. On the 12th of May about sixty-five men came near being massacred through the management of the pilot of the gunboat, who turned out to be a rebel spy. The negro huts and storehouses of a plantation on the south side of the Tennessee had been made the headquarters of a body of Texas Rangers, who were 21 162 GENEEAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. i accustomed to cross the river, do what injury they could to the Union forces and return thither. Cap- tain Barber determined to clear them out. The pilot suggested, and the captain agreed, that the boat should lie near the town, as it was called, through the night, then land below it and march up the river road, under the protection of the boat, to attack it. In the night the pilot got ashore, and warned the rebels what they might expect. On landing, the captain found the river road so favorable to ambush, and so little protected by the gunboat, that he struck across to another. On the sharpshooters nearing the forks of the two roads, near a hundred Texans sprang np out of the ambush in which they had placed them- selves on the river road. Thirty or forty shots were fired on a side, when the rebels fled. The sharp- shooters advanced into the so-called town, and at- tacked a store-house filled with plunder from the other side of the river. Immediately the rebels, con- cealed in other houses and in masked works on the hillside, opened a heavy fire, driving the Unionists to the shelter of the gunboat, with a loss of three killed and wounded. The negroes were then warned to leave, and the gunboat shelled the town from end to end, soon driving out the rebels. Afterwards a detachment was sent ashore to burn it, as was done to all houses from which the Union troops were fired on. The rest of the sharpshooters landed to repel attacks. The Texans, not knowing of the covering party, charged across an open space to destroy the burners. The sharpshooters met them with a terrific fire from be- hind cover, with their Spencer rifles, and more than half the assailants were killed or wounded. These operations entirely broke up the nest of marauders which had previously lurked in the vicinity. The ne- groes were taken on the gunboat and sent to the contra- band camp at Xashville, which was where they were anxious to go. The sharpshooters, while patrolling the river, passed through several other interesting experiences, which we have not space to relate here. After their gun- boat service was over, they joined Sherman's army £t Big Sha'Jty. The Seventh company became that general's headquarter guard, and the others were in charge of the amunition train of the army of the Cumberland, from that point to Atlanta. Afterward the battalion of three companies returned to Tennes- see and was made Gen. Thomas' headquarter guard, which position it held till the close of the war. In April, 1865, Capt. Barber was mustered out to accept the lieutenant-colonelcy of the One Hundred and Xmety-seventh Infantry, and the battalion was mus- tered out on the 19th of July following. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUXTY. FIFTH COMPANY. Gershom M. Barber, enr. as Capt. Nov. 1, 1862. Promoted to Lieut Col 197tli Inf. April 12, 1865. Jonathan Pickard, enr. as 1st Lieut. Nov. 1, 1862. Ees. Sept. 9, 1864. W. N. Watson, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. July 1, 1864, and to 1st Lieut. May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. July 19, 1865. Franklin H. Somers, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 14, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lt. Not. 20, 1863. Disch. May 7, 1864. William C. Lemon, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 11, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. May 1, 1865. Mustered out with t"he Co. July 19, 1865. Edward P. Thompson, enl. Oct. 22, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Francis E. Hacket, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph E. Joiner, enl. Aug. 18, 1864. Disch. June 19, 1865. Samuel Lay, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Disch for disability June 24, 1864. George W. Newton, enl. Oct 23, 1862. Disch. for disability Oct. 31, 1863. William B. Waring, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. Jan. 20, 1865. Michael C. Smith, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John Noakes, enl. Oct. 18. 1882. Promoted to Corp. George A. Blakeslee, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George B. Canniff, enl. Oct. 28, 1862. Disch. for disability June 27, 1865. Truman Drake, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Henry H. Houseman, enl. Feb. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Upton Housman, enl. Dec. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William James, enl. Oct. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. William Johnston, enl. Dec. 2, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Locke, enl. Dec. 16, 186(3. Mustered out witli the Co. George W. Markee, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Artemus Pratt, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Eobinson, enl. Dec. 7, 186 '. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew J. Windsor, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William L. Stearns, enr. as 1st Sergt. Oct. 21, 1862. Norman D. Meacham, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 27, 1863. Disch. for disability March 26, 1863. Simeon S. CannifE, enl. Oct. 23, 1852. Disch. for disability May 9, 1863. Ephraim Pratt, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 10, 1865. Charles H. Porter, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 26, 186t Herman M. Beeves, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disabihty May 12, 1863. Nicholas H. Ward, enl. Dec. 8, 1863. Disch. for disability April 15, 1864. Joseph A. Clarke, enl. Oct. 17, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. July 19, 1865. Sidney Downey, enl. Oct. 28, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Moi ris J. Stockman, enl. Nov. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co EUsha Lewis, enl. Nov. 3, 1862. Disch. Sept. 12, 1863. Gilbert Terry, enl. Nov. 14, 1862. Disch. May 25, 1865. Luke Abel, enl. Oct. 23, 1862. Promo:ed to Corp. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., May 23, 1863. Sullivan S. Marble, enl. Oct. 14, 1862. Charles Glines, enl. Nov. 6, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., April 26, 1863. Mark J. Chevalia, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 19, 1865. Harvey T. Miller, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. WUliam E. Williams, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Left in Hosp. Jan. 27, 1865. Gershom M. Barber, enr. as Capt. Nov. 1, 1862. Disch. April 11, 1865. Jonathan Pickard, enr. as 1st Lieut. Nov. 1, 1862. Resigned Sept. 9, 1863. Edward U. Adams, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Disch. Jime 2, 1865. James M. Sail, enl. Oct. 30, 1862. Disch. for disability June 22, 1863. SIXTH COMPANY. Simon Fockler, enl. March 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. July 13, 1865. Louis Peisker, enl. Dec. 19, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Eobert EngUsh, enl. Feb. 20, 1868. Transf . to Inv. Corps Sept. 1, 1863. SEVENTH COMPANY. Patrick Smith, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. July 20, 1863. Mus- tered out with the Co. July 28, 1865. George W. Morgan, enl. Dec. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 30, 1863_ Mustered out with the Co. John Black, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. James Bowles, enl. Feb. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Frank Canfield, enl. Oct. 31, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas B. Deselmo, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Ira E. Durand, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. James E. Saunders, enl. Jan. 12, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Wray, enl. Nov. 26, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Martin S. Ward, enl. Jan . 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Hiram Tisdale enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Ees. Corps Aug. 13, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out Aug. 3, 1865. David J. Nicholas, enl. Oct. 13. 1862. Died at Nashville, Aug. 20, 1863. Frank Stephens, enl. Oct. 27, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., June 28, 1863. Thomas Miller, enl. 10, 1862. Mustered out July 28, 1865. SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY, ETC. 163 CHAPTER XXXIII. SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALKY, ETC, A Western Keserve Begiment — Camp Wade and Camp Deunison— In the Far West— A Fight with Quantrell— Chasing Rebels and Indians— In the Indian Territoi-y- Men detailed for a Battery— Service under Gen. Blunt— The Victory o4 Prairie Grove— Returning to Ohio— Fighting in Kentucky- Capturing Morgan— Through to East Tennessee^Numer- ous Conflicts— Re-enlisting— Ordered East— Over the Rapldan— Under Sheridan — Hanover Court House and Ashland— Ream Station, etc.— On the Shenandoah— Capturing a Regiment— Battle after Battle- Winter Quarters— The Last Raid of the War— Large Captures— Baclc to Missouri— Mustf red out— Members from Cuyahoga County— Sol- diers of the Third Cavalry— Organization of the Sixth Cavalry— Sent to Virginia- First Fight at Strasburg— Cross Keys and Cedar Moun- tain—Hard Service on the Uappahannock— A Brilliant Dash— 1 he Bat- tle of Kelly's Ford— Splendid Charge of Co. A— Fighting with Stuart — Gettysburg — A Large Capture — Numerous Conflicts In Virginia — Re-enllBtment — Hard Fighting /Vgain— Inside the Lines of Richmond —On the Weldon Railroad- Battles of Hatcher's Run— Five Forks— Appomatox — Subsequent Services— Mustered out— Officers and Sol- diers from Cuyahoga County. SECOND CAVALRY. The Second Ohio Cavalry — the first regiment of that arm of the service raised in the northern part of the State — was recruited in the summer of 1861 under the supervision of Hon. B. F. Wade and Hon. John Hutchins, to whom the War.Department gave special authority for that purpose. Cuyahoga county fur- nished three hundred and fifteen members; Companies B and K being principally from this county, while smaller quotas entered all the other companies. The regimental complement was almost entirely drawn from the Western Reserve, and contained a large pro- portion of men of intelligence and social prominence. The Second was mustered into the three-years ser- vice at Camp Wade, near Cleveland, where it was uni- formed, mounted and partly drilled. Late in No- vember it was moved to Camp Dennison, where it remained until the receipt of marching orders early in January, 1863. It then moved to Platte City, Mo., and during the ensuing three weeks was employed in scouting along the Missouri border, as a portion of Doubleday's brig- ade. In February, the brigade proceeded to Fort Scott, Kansas, and while en route was assailed in the streets of Independence, Mo., by an equal force, under the afterwards celebrated and infamous Quan- trell, who was routed in fifteen minutes. In this, its first fight, the regiment bore itself with marked gal- lantry, having four men killed and wounded. From March till June, the Second, with head- quarters at Fort Scott, was engaged in chasing guer- rillas and skirmishing with hostile Indians. Late in June the brigade marched into the Indian Territory, and took part in the capture of Fort Gibson. In August, after the return to Fort Scott, one hundred and fifty men and two oflBcers were detailed from the regiment to man a light battery. Six months afterwards the detail was changed to a transfer, by which the Twenty-fifth' Ohio battery was created. In September, 1862, the battery and the mounted portion of the regiment (for two-thirds of the horses ■ had been worn out by the hard service), entered upon an active campaign under General Blunt, in Missouri and Arkansas; fighting gallantly at Carthage, New- tonia. Cow Hill, Wolf Creek, White River, and especially at the closing victory of Prairie Grove, Ar- kansas, on the 12th day of December. In November an order had been issued transferring the Second to the East, and in that month the dis- mounted portion proceeded to Camp Chase, whither the mounted men followed in December. There tlie regiment remained until April, 1863, when, being consolidated into eight companies, fully mounted arid equipped, it left for Lexington, Ky., where it was re- stored to its original strength by the addition of four companies originally raised for the Eighth Cavalry. During May and June the Second fought twice at Steubenville, twice at Monticello, and once at Colum- bia, Ky., besides which four companies formed part of a force which made an important raid into East Tennessee, under Gen. Saunders. In July, as a part of Kautz's brigade, the Second joined in the pursuit of Morgan, and after his capture nearly the entire regiment was furloughed by Gen. Burnside in recog- nition of its meritorious services. The Second re-assembled in August at Stanford, Ky., and moved with the army to East Tennessee. In the engagement at Loudon Bridge and in the forced marches to Cumberland Gap and Knoxville the regiment bore an active part, and in the battle of Bkie Springs it was especially conspicuous. It participated in the defense of Knoxville and in the subsequent pursuit of the enemy; fighting Longstreet's cavalry at Morristown on the 2d of December, sustaining on the 4th the advance of a brigade which fought eighteen regiments for two hours at Russellville, and being at the front five hours at the battle of Bean Station on the 5th. ^ At Mossy Creek, on the 1st of January, 1864, four hundred and seventy men answered roll-call, and of that number all but fifty re-enlisted as veterans. After they had enjoyed their veteran furlough they proceeded, with a hundred and thirty recruits, to tlie East. At Camp Stoneman, near Washington, the regi- ment was mounted, armed and equipped, and on the 1st of May left camp (eight hundred strong) for War- renton Junction. It crossed the Rapidan with the Ninth Corps, engaged Rosser's cavalry on the 7th, and during the battle of the Wilderness was stationed on picket or engaged in skirmishing. The Second was permanently attached to Sheridan's Cavalry Corps late in May, and on the 31st crossed the Pamunkey. In the subsequent fight at Hanover Court House the regiment occupied the center of the brigade, and sustained the heaviest part of the charge that resulted in the capture of the hill and the court house. The following day the Second engaged the enemy under Fitzhugh Lee at Ashland, but was forced to retire. Until the 17th of June, when the James river was crossed, the regiment was picketing and skirmishing on the right of the army, and later in the month it fought at Nottaway Court House, Stony Creek and Ream Station; losing at the latter place 164 GENEEAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. I five officers and one hundred men in killed and wounded and missing. Ordered to the Shenandoah valley, the regiment reached Winchester on the 17th of August, and from that time to the 36th was engaged in the conflicts which followed Early's attack upon Winchester. It assisted in driving the enemy from Berryville on the 30th of August, charged with its brigade at Win- chester on the 13th of September (capturing an en- tire regiment of infantry), fought stubbornly at the battle of Opequan, marched and skirmished in the Luray valley until the 25th of September, engaged with valor in the conflicts at Waynesboro and Bridge- water, and afterwards took part in a sharp fight against Rosser, who was badly defeated. On the 19th of October it took part in the battle of Cedar Creek, and on the 13th of November assisted in Custer's vic- tory over Rosser, with whom it was again engaged at Lacey's Springs on the 30th of December. Prom the 38th of December, 1864, until the 27th of Pebruary, 1865, the regiment was in camp near Winchester. It then started with Sheridan on the last raid of the war. On the 25th of March it assisted Custer in the capture of the remnant of Early's army at Waynesboro, and took by its own prowess six hundred and fifty prisoners, three hundred and fifty stand of small arms, and a large number of horses, mules, wagons, etc. Por this per- formance the Second was complimented by Gen. Cus- ter on the field. It was in the advance of the column when Charlotteville was entered, and from the 27th of March to the surrender of Lee performed such service that it turned over to the provost marshal eighteen pieces of artillery, one hundred and eighty horses, seventy army wagons, nine hundred prisoners, and a large number of small arms. After the col- lapse of the rebellion the Second spent a few months in Missouri, and was mustered out on the 1st of Sep- tember, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTT. FIELD AND STAFF. Charles Doubleday, enr. as Col. Sept. 5, 1861. Resigned June 16, 1863. George G. Minor, enr. as Major, Aug. 24, 1861. Promoted to Lieut. Col. 7tli Oav. Sept. 18, 1868. Mustered out with the Reg. July 4, 1865. Albert Watrous, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Prom . to Adjt. 3d Bat. Sept. 18. 1861, Res. May 19, 1862. Alfred Taylor, enr. as Surg. Aug. 27, 1861. Dis. April 18, 1863. Gordon Woodruff, enl. Aug. 34, 1861. Promoted to Batt. Q. M. Sept. 18. 1861. NON-COMMISSIONKD STAFF. Ezra L. Surge, enr. as Corp. Sept. 9, 1861. Prom, to Q, M. Sergt. July 31, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. John D. Thayer, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Maj. Sept. 4. 1861. Geo. Sheldon, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Prom, to Hosp. Steward July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Seth A. Abbey, enr. as Com. Sergt. Aug. 19, 1861. Mustered out Sept 25, 1864. George F. Cronk, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Prom, to Com. Serg. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865. Hiram S. Chamberlain, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Sept. 20, 1861. John Keating, enr. as Chief Bugler Sept, 26, 1861. ' Clayton G. Smith, enr. as Hosp. Steward March 21, 1864. Disch. for disability Nov. 16, 1864. COMPANY A. Lyman C. Thayer, enr. as Q. M. Aug. 19, 1861. Prom, to 1st Lieut Aug 19,1861. Res. March 22, 1862. Milton F. Abbey, enl. Oct, 8, 1862. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 11, 1865. David Chambers, enl. Feb. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Wilson Houghland, enl. Nov. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. James D. Hathman, enl. Feb. 27, 1»64. Mustered out with the Co. James Reams, enl. Nov. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James M, Malone, enl, Oct. 8. 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Charles C. Meade, enl. July 19, 1864, Mustered out with the Co. Loring J. Phillips, enl. July 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Adelbert E, Blackman, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Disch. for disability. Christian Sweetzer, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Taken prisoner and paroled. Disch. May 5, 1865. John R. Wells, enl. Feb. 26, 1864, Disch, for disability. Amos B. Lusk, enl. Feb. 2, 1804. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Thomas H. Buck, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Killed at Harper's Ferry, Va., April 5, 1865. Charles E. Blanchette, enl. March 14, 1864. Died in Hosp. Oct. 6, 1864. George Hanscom, enl. Sept. 29, 1862. Died at Annapolis, Md., June 17, 1864. Samuel Houghland, enl. March 18, 1864. Killed in action June 15, 1865. William Mellinger, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Died from wounds rec'd at Win- chester. Va., Aug. 25, 1864. Charles Mellinger, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Died from wounds rec'd June 12, 1864. COMPANY B. Frederick R. Deming, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Oct. 3, 1861, to 1st Lieut. Dec. 20, 1861, and to Capt, Feb. 11, 1864, Killed in action Aug. 22, 1864, at Charleston. Va. Chauncey Eggleston, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Oct. 3, 1861, Res. March 14, 1862. Luther M. Tuttle, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut.' April 22, 1865, and to 1st Lieut. May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865, Charles H. Bill, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1661. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. July 15, 1862. Alex. B. Sessions, enl. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut Dec. 30, 1861. Res. July 19, 1863. Benj. F. Lovett, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Aug. 11, 1866. Mustered out with the Co. John C. Mack, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Alonzo A. Maxam, enl. Aug. 12, 1801. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sylvester D. Bailey, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. EUas Bennett, enl. Feb. 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Mortimer H. Biizley, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Deo. 89, 1864. Re- enlisted Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Winfield S. Cady, enl. Feb, 15, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. .lackson A. Mott, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Ormsby, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Porter S, Phillips, enl. Feb. 14, i860. Mustered out with the Co. Edger L. Somers, enl. Feb. 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Norton L. Upson, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. James M . Veher, enl. Feb. 15, 1865, Mustered out with the Co. George Eddy, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Disch. July 31, 1865. wmiam H. Polhamus, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Captured at Cedar Creek, Va., Nov. 13, 1864, Disch, June 7, 1865, Henry A, Fraverd, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Captured June 29, 1864. Disch. June 20, 1865, Leroy S. Storer, enl. Aug. 12, 1861, Captured at Cedar Creek, Va., Nov. 12, 1864. Disch. June 7, 1865. Augustus Belden, eiil. Aug. 13, 1861. Disch. for disability, Jan. 1, 1864. Herman H. Brigham, enl. Aug. 13, 1861, Disch, July 16, 1865, for disabil- ity caused by wounds received March 31. 1865. Suranus T. Brokens, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Wounded at Blue Springs, Tenn._ Oct. 1863. Disch. in consequence. Henry H. Brinker, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 35, 1865. Herman S. Kaiser, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 2.5, 1864. William F. Meyer, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 35, 1864, James Plowman, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864. Henry H. Palmer, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out Sept. 26, 1864. George W-. Palmer, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864. Mortimer L. Trotter, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864. Willard A. Trotter, enl. Aug. 13 1861. Mustered out Sept. 20, 1864. Henry Vogely, enl.'Aug. 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864. Eugene A, Hinsdale, enl, Aug, 12, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 26, 1864. Newton E. Gorham, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps. Joseph Seymour, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to Inv. Corps. Daniel Wilhelm, enl. Nov, 8, 1862. Transf. to Inv. Corps. .) ohn L. Smith, enr. as Capt. Aug. 12, 1861. Resigned Sept. 28, 1861. George E. Dunbar, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1864. John N. Johnson, enr. as Bugler Aug. 12, 1861. James O. Birzley, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861. Jefferson T. Spink, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861. Francis A. Thayer, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. William N. Monroe, enj, as Bugler Aug. 12, 1 61. Ervin Morgan, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY, ETC. 165 Charles C. Stevens, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Charles M. Christian, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Marl£ Abell, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. David V. Bell, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. A. D. Benjamin, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Walter D. Barker, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. W. H. Bartholomew, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. David F. Cook, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Orlando D. Chase, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. John J. Chase, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. William A. Chamberlain, enl. Aug. 13, 1861. Charles C. Chapman, enl. Aug. 12, 1861 . Michael Conner, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. De Witt C. Deming, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. John Fleming, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Henry W. Gage, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. William E. Hinsdale enl. Aug. 12, 1861 . Carl H. H ppe, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. John W. Johnson, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Enoch E. Judson, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Edwin Kinnecutt, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mus- tered out Dec. 12. 1865. Lucerne W. Kelley, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mus- tered out Dec. 12, 1865. Henry Mead, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mustered out Dec. 12, 1865. James Movies, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Webster K. Nye, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mustered out Sept. 8, 1864. Howard W. Reed, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. James Skinner, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. William Van Orman, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mus- tered out Dec. 12, 1865. William E. Pedrickj enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Co, M Sept. 30, 1881. John M. Brewster, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Aug. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865. Sir Wallace Fuller, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Emerson H. Eggleston, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861. Chauncey F. WyckofE, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 12, 1861. Joshua O. Stillwell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1861. D. L. Fonkell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12. 1861. Randall L. Eggleston, enl. Aug. 12, IS")!. Myron B. Perkins, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Thomas Scott, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Died at Clar- endon, Ark., Aug. 17, 1863. Samuel D. Brokan, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Corp. May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865. WUliam M. Bowen, enl. Aug. 12, 1861. John V. Heniman, enl. Aug. 12. 1861. COMPANY C. Irving Hull, enl. Nov. 3, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. April 1, 1865. Mus. tered out with ihe Co. Sept. 11, 1865. Edgar Barrett, enl. March 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Asa Fay, enl. March 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Franklin Feroles, enl. March 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Scott McFarland, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Andrew Leland, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Disch. for disability March 3, 1865. George W. Pollock, enl. Aug. 29, 1861. Transf. to 25th Battery. Mus- tered out Dec. 12, 1865. OOMPANT D. Robert A. Gamble, enl. Oct. 6, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Aug. 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865. Elbert Gillett, enl. March 21, 1861. Mustered out with the Co. Charles W. Adams, enl. Sept. 10, 1862. Captured June 29, 1864. Disch. June 7, 1865. Oscar A. Caldwell, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Captured Nov, 3, 1863. Mustered out June 25, 1865. Frank A. Proctor, enl. Sept. ID, 1862. Captured June 29, 1864. Conrad Shesler, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Captured June 29, 1864. John Saxton, enl. Feb. 26. 1864. Disch. for disability June 5, 1865. William H. Baker, enl. Feb. 39, 1864. Died at Wilmington, N. C, March 21, 1865. M. R. Hickox, enl. Sept. -30, 1862. Died in rebel prison April 12, 1864, COMPANY E. William B. Johnson, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865. Martin J. Kinnamon, enl. Oct. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. William Leggett, enl. Feb. 27. 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Ralph Miller, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Leander McGill, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. William H. Pidgeon, ml Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John W. Reed, enl. Nov. 3. 1862. Mustered out with the Co. 21 A A. J. Walker, enl. March 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co, Arthur Liddle, enl. Feb. 12, 1864, Transf, to Vet. Res. Corps. Mustered tered out Sept. 16, 1865. Samuel W. McCurdy, enl. March 22, 1864. Disch. June 6, 1865. Frederick R. Moody, enl, Sept. 6, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. William H. Newton, enl. Sept, 11, 1862, Disch, June 10, 1865. COMPANY F, Henry Aker, enl. Oct. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865. George Hurst, enl. March 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph L. Jackson, enl, March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Cassius C. Kenney, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. George A. Manning, enl. March 21, 1864. Mustered nut with the Co. Heber Swan, enl. March 6, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Herman Wibyraem, enl. Oct. 31, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. George Zepp, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Julius E. Bliss, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Disch. from Hosp. June 16, 1865. Ethan Conant, enl. March 7, 1864. Disch. June 13, 1864. Peter Wolf, enl. March 11, 1864. Died at Salisbury, N. C, Nov. 9. 1864. Cassius M. Woodworth, enl, Sept. 16, 1862. Captured Oct. 14, 1864. COMPANY G, Charles H. Bill, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 13, 1861, Promoted to 2d Lieut. July 15, 1862; to 1st Lieut. Co, G. May 19, 1863. Transf. to Co. B. April 3, 1864; and promoted to Capt. Co. G, May 15. 1865. Mustered out Sept. 11, 1865. John E. Bowden, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Aug. 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11, 1865, George W. Clark, enl. Oct. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. William Copeland, enl. March 7, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. John Fitzgerald, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Hunter, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Watson A. Hoyt, enl. Dec. 2,186.3. Mustered out with the Co. Frank B. Hunt, enl. March 8, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. William Wicks, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. WilUam Wurtz, enl. March 28, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. Aug. 30, 1865. George W. Short, enl. March 22, 1864. Disch. for disability March 21, 1865: Eugene M. Church, enl. March 2, 1864. Died in Andersonville prison August, 1864. James DeLong, enl. Oct, 18, 1862, Died March, 1864. Eugene Gregory, enl. March 23, 1864, Captured October, 1864. Thomas Graham, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Killed in action June 1, 1864. Charles E. Gratz, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Transf. to Co. 1 103d Reg. Jonathan Kaneen, enl. Aug. 22, 1861. Transf. to Co. L Sept. 30, 1861. COMPANY H. Walter B. Austin, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 11> 1865. James H. Broughton, enl. March 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Bryant B. Herrick, enl. March 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Richard B. Keyes, enl. March 21, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865. jj Edward Long, enl, Feb, 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Adelbert H, Marcy, enl. Oct, 13, 1862, Mustered out with the Co. Chris Rothacher, enl. March 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John J. Vincent, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. George H . Wood, enl. March 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. David Brown, enl. Sept. 9, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864. William Gay, enl. March 3, 1864. Disch. June 10, 1865. Frank E. Smith, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Frank B. Hale, enl. Sept. 30, 1862, Disch. June 15, 1865. Almiron Van Antwerp, enl. March 5, 1864. Disch. July 19, 1865. Harvey H. Green, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Transf. to Vet, Res. Corps, Sept. 20, 1864. Lyman F. Butler, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Died in rebel prison. Andrew Bishop, enl. Aug. 25, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 25, 1864. Ezra L. Buige. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Daniel M. Hall, enl. Aug. 35, 1861. Chauncey Smith, enl. Sept. 9, 1861. COMPANY 1. Peter Rock, enl. March 4, 1864. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Sept, 38, 1865. George W, Roberts, enl. Feb. 83, 1865. Promoted to Corp. July 1, 1865- Mustered out with the Co. Louis C. Wilcox, enl. Feb. 21, 1875. Mustered out with the Co. Leander Little, enl. March 4, 1865. Disch. Aug. 15, 1865. Ivah Elliott, enl. March 16, 1865. Died at Washington, D. C, July 10, 1865. Courtney H. James, enl. Oct. 30, 1863. Died at Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 10, 1864. Albert Kinsey, enl. March 10, 1865. Died at Baltimore, Md., July 15, 1865 William Thompson, enl. Mai ch 4, 1864. Died of wounds received Oct 11, 1864. COMPANY K, John H, Clapp, enr, as Capt. Aug. 34, 1661. Died Oct. 5, 1861. Charles D. Rush, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Nov. 4, 1864; to 1st Lieut. Nov. 26, 1864; to Capt. Sept. 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. 166 GENEEAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Thomas AV. Sanderson, enr. as Capt. Oct. 7, 1861. Res. May 14, 1862. Samuel F. Geil. enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 24, 1861. Res. Dec. 11, 1861. Henry J. Virgil, enr. as 2nd- Lieut. Aug-. 24, 1861. Prom, to 1st, Lieut, Dec, 20, 1861, Res, July 1,5, 1862. Henry J. Gordon, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861, Prom, to 2nd Lieut, July 5, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sperry B. Close, enl. Feb. 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Sept, 19, 1865. Harrison Ingalls, enl. Feb. 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas A. White, enl. March 21. 1864. Mustered out with the Co, Benjamin Wamsley, enl. March 10, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Berry S, Waldron, enl. Feb, 2,3, 1865, Disch, July 17, 1865. Joseph Ferriss, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Transt. to Co. H. Died in rebel prison March 30, 1864. Lewis Wood, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transt. to Co. H, and to Vet. Res, Corps April 20, 1864. Hiram P, Oviatt, enr, as 1st Sergt, Aug, 24, 1861. Daniel Culver, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24. 1861. John Davis, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861. Henry Ingraham, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861. Wheeler DeF. Sturtevant. enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861. Gilbert J. Doolittle, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 24, 1861. Transt to 25th Battery as 2nd Lieut, Promoted to 1st, Lieut, March 1, 1863. Resigned Nov. 25,1864. Hammond Clapp, enr. as Corp, Aug. 24, 1861. WilUam Smith, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1871. Moses R. Kniffen, enr, as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861. Stephen D. Trowbridge, em-, as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861. Albert Spafford, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861. Charles H. Ball, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861. Kenrade Thomas, enr. as Corp. Aug. 24, 1861. Patrick F. CoUopy, enr. as Bugler, Aug. 24, 1861. Melvin M. Trowbridge, enr, as Bugler, Aug, 24, 1861. David R, Bartholomew, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Charles F. Miles, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Charles O. Porter, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. William Robertson, enl. Aug. 24. 1861. Thomas Jinks, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Brainard Ainger, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Frederick Bruce, enl. Aug. 84, 1861. Zina J. Buck, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Transf. to 2oth Battery, Mustered out Dec, 12, 1865, Elmer Brewer, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Transf, to 25th Battery. Mustered out Dec, 12, 1865. Chester Baker, enl, Aug, 24, 1861. Samuel A. Bayard, enl. Aug, 24, 1861. Michael Cavanaugh, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. William Christie, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Transf. to 2oth Battery. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 14, 1865. Mustered out Dec. 12, 1865. David C. Christy, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Captured June 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. John Q. Cooper, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Jeremiah Cronk, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. William Cushman, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. George Davis, enl, Aug, 24,:1861, Transferred to 85th Battery. Mus- tered out Dec, 12, 1865. Thomas J. Davis, enl. Aug. 84, 1861. Thomas Dodd, enl, Aug, 24. 1861, Transf, to 26th Battery. Disch. for disability Feb. 85, 1863. PatrickDunn, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf . to 25th Battery. Mustered out Sept. 8, 1864. William Eddleman, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Clark A, Fish, enl. Aug. 84, 1861. Fritz Gidding, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Farnum Gibbs, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Alexander Gibbs, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Disch. Sept, 5, 1865. Clark Gibbe, enl. Aug. 24, 1861, Cortes F, Gordon, enl, Aug, 24, 1861. Benjamin J. Gray, enl, Aug. 24, 1861. John Griffln, enl. Aug. 84, 1861, Alexander J. Harper, enl, Aug. 84, 1861, Promoted to Vet, Surg 1st Battalion Sept, 20, 1861, George B. Hammond, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf. to 25th Batt. Mustered out Dec. 12, 1865. Charles E. Haywood, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Nathan Hotcbkiss, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. William Hoor enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Eobert Hudson, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Oliver Hodgeman, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Roswell C. Henry, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Asa Ingraham, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Henry C. King, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Elmer Kent, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Alfred S. Lee, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Samuel Livingston, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Clarence H. Meeker, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. William Minor, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Charles W. Nichols, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. John Olds, enl, Aug, 24, 1861. Transt. to 25th Batt, Mustered out Dec, 12, 1865, George Parry, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Nathan E. Penfleld, enl, Aug, 24, 1861, Transt. to 25th Batt, Died at Little Rock, Ark,, Oct. 10, 1863. Franklin Porter, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Luther D, Payne, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. George Richards, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Harris Robinson, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Alexander C. Ruple, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Transf. to 25th Batt. as Q. M. Seigt, Jan, 3, 1864, Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Oct. 9. 1864, and to 1st Lieut. Jan. 14, 1864. Resigned March 25, 1865. Thomas J. Roberts, enl. Aug, 24, 1861. George Roberts, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Daniel P. StofEer, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Enoch Simmons, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Geo. Sheldon. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Wilham B. Stranahan, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Captured June 29, 1864. Mus- tered out June 7. 1865. John Sharkey, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Martin W. Spenee, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Smith Spenee, enl. Aug. 84, 1861. Jacob Schneeberger, enl. Aug. 84, 1861. Redman Stuyveson, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Henry Stuyveson, enl, Aug, 24, 1861. Transf. to 25th Batt. Mustered out Dec. 13, 1865. John D. Thayer. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Henry Thompson, enl. Aug. 24, 1861. Albert Watrous. (See Field and Staff.) James H. Wright, enl. .'^ug. 24, 1861. Gm-don Woodruff. (See Field and Staff.) Daniel Fay, enl. Sept. 15, 1862. Disch. Sept. 4, 1865. COMPAKY L. Edmund Ward, enr. as Adjt. Sept. 4, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Re. signed Aug. 14. 1862. Lewis L. Campbell, enl. March 24, 1864. Promoted to 1st Sergt., and to 2d Lieut. June 23, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Mansell M. Blanding, enr. as Corp. Sept, 1, 1861, John Arn, enl. Sept, 1, 1861, Thomas Andrew, enl. Sept, 1, 1861, Albert Ryan, enl. Sept. 1, 1861. George F, Woodburn, enl, Oct. 23, 1861. COMPAMT M. WiUiam E. Pedrick. enl. Aug. 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 30, 1861; to 8d Lieut. May 19, 1862; to 1st Lieut. Jan. 4, 1863, and to Capt. Feb. 1, 1864. Resigned Aug. 26, 1864, Emerson H, Eggleston, enr, as Corp, Aug, 12, 1861. Transf. to Co. I and promoted to 8d Lieut. June 85, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Nov, 4, 1864; to Capt, Co, M Dec, 14, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 28, 1865. Cromwell C. Marsh, enl. Aug^25, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. June 16, 1865, and to 1st Lieut. Sept. 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Newton Parcell, enl, Aug. 25, 1861. Jerome A. Park, enl. Aug, 25, 1861, Transt, to Co, G. Disch. March 6, 1864, Albert Biggs, enl, Aug. 25, 1861. D. Crist, enl. Aug. 85, 1861 . William Fesshaupt, enl. Aug. 25, 1861, Transf. to 26th Battery. Mus tered out Dec. 12, 1865. John Gelvin, enl, Aug. 25, 1861. Henrol Gasner, enl. Aug. 25, 1861, Charles E, KeUogg. enl. Aug. 25, 1861. Myron Lane, enl. Aug. 26, 1861. John C, Lilley, enl, Aug, 25, 1861, Oliver Mott, enl. Aug. 25, 1861. Cornelius McGuire, enl. Aug. 25, 1861, Charles Price, enl. Aug. 25, 1861. Zenas B. Pettys, enl. Aug, 25, 1861. Melville Porter, enl. Aug. 25, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Feb, 1, 1864, Cap- tured June 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. THIRD CAVALRY. COMPANY B. Edwin Sexton, enl. Oct. 26, 1862. Mustered out with the Co, Aug, 4, 1865, COMPANY C, Samuel Aukney, enl, Oct, 4, 1862, Mustered out with the Co, Aug, 4, 1865, George Sager, enl. Dec, 10, 1863, Mustered "out with the Co, COMPANY L, Peter Nelaher, enl. Sept, 5, 1864, Mustered out June 24, 1865. SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY, ETC. 167 SIXTH CAVALRY. The Sixth Ohio Cavalry was organized in October, 1861, for three years service, and,' like the Second, "was mainly recruited from the Western Reserve; being the second regiment in Wade and Hutchins Cavalry Brigade. There were two hundred and sixty-six members from this county, principally in Companies C, F, I, K and M. It assisted in guarding rebel prisoners at Camp Chase, until May, 1862, when it joined Fremont in the Shenandoah valley. At Strasburg the regiment had its first fight, in which one officer and six men were wounded. It moved down the valley, skirmishing continually, and on the 7th of June had several men killed and wounded at the battle of Cross Keys. Slight engage- ments at Luray Court House and Cedar Mountain were followed by a severe ordeal, when for fourteen days the regiment was under fire, while contesting, under Pope, the passage of the Rappahannock by Stonewall Jackson. It performed efEective service at the second battle of Bull Run, retreated with the army to Alexandria, and after a brief se;ison of rest, took part in a sharp fight at Warrenton. On this occasion sixty of its men made a brilliant dash into Fredericksburg, capturing a rebel mail and nu- merous prisoners. The winter oi 1863-63 was passed in guarding the Rappahannock. In March, 1863, the regiment joined Hooker, and soon, made a gallant record at the battle of Kelly's Ford, where it had two officers and thir- te&n men killed and wounded. During Lee's move- ment toward Pennsylvania the Sixth was frequently in action, and at the battle of Aldie, on the 17th of June, Captain Northway, of Company A, at the head of thirty men, led a charge, which for dash and bravery was unsurpassed during the war. The Sixth participated in the battles of Middleburg and Upperville, took part in all the engagements with Stuart, followed Lee into Pennsylvania, and fought gallantly at the battle of Gettysburg. It was especially active in the pursuit of Lee, and at Falling Waters assisted in the capture of fifteen hundred of the Con- federate rear-guard. After camping for a time at Thoroughfare Gap, the Sixth joined Meade in his advance to the Rapidan, and was in the fights at Culpepper Court House, Rapidan Station, Sulphur Springs, Auburn Mills and Bristoe Station. Late in November the regiment joined the forward movement which terminated with the battle of Mine Run. It then went into winter quarters at Warrenton, where it was constantly engaged in picket duty and in driving off Mosby's raiders. In January, 1864, about two hundred of the regi- ment re-enlisted as veterans, and during the spring it received a large number of recruits. On the 3d of May it joined Sheridan, and, as his rear guard, had many a hot fight with Stuart's cavalry, at whose hands the Sixth lost in one day upwards of thirty in killed and wounded. The regiment won renown at the battles of Yellow Tavern, Owen Church, Cold Harbor and Bottom Bridge, and also in a sharp en- gagement with Stuart's cavalry inside the defenses of Richmond. On the 7th of June tlie Sixth started with Sheridan on a raid, and, after two days' hard fighting at Tre- vellian Station, returned in charge of four hundred prisoners. Crossing the James with Grant it spent a few days in camp, and then, recrossing that stream, took an active part in the fight for the possession of the Wei don railroad. Fighting, skirmishing and picketing until the 37th of October were followed on that day by a severe engagement at Hatcher's Run, in which the Sixth suffered heavy loss. Going into winter quarters soon after, it remained quiet, except a severe fight on the 9th of December, until the 3d of February, 1865, when it inaugurated the new campaign with another fight at Hatcher's Run and followed it in the spring with the bloody conflict of Dinwiddle Court House and the battle of Five Forks. During the pursuit of Lee the Sixth was warmly engaged at Sailor's Creek and Farmville, and at Appomattox Court House on the 9th of April enjoyed the honor of opening the engagement which practically ended the rebellion. After escorting General Grant from Appomattox to Burksville station, marching through Virginia to North Carolina and doing duty in detachments in the Virginia counties composing the "Sub-District of the Appomattox," the regiment was ordered to Cleve- land and was there mustered out of the service in August, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. William B. Eezner, enr. as Surg. Nov. 10, 1861, Mustered out at end of term, Nov. 9, 1864. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Frank D. Burgess, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Prom, to Corp. and to Q. M. Sergt. April 81, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865. Thomas S. Bark, enr, as Corp. Oct. 10, 1861. Prom, to Q, M. Sergt. Disch. at end of term, Nov., 1864. David Jolinson, enr. as Corp. Deo. 11, 1861. Prom, to Q. M. Sergt. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Mustered out Aug. 25, 1865. John S. Galbraith, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Dec. 83, 1863. Died at Anderson- ville prison, Sept. 28, 1864. Harry N. Young, enr. as Corp. Nov. 13,1861. Prom, to Com. Sergt. Disch. at end of term, Nov., 1864. COMPANY A. James R, Wilson, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Promoted to Corp, May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co, Aug, 7, 1865. Samuel Dilworth, enl. Jan. 7, 1864. At muster-out, absent on detached service. Henry Harker, enl. Jan. 18, 1864. At the muster-out, sick at Washington. Michael Dewyant, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Disch. for disability May 31, 1865. Abram Easterwood, enl. Feb. 20, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Alanson K. Ryder, enl. Feb. 24, 1864, Mustered out June 27, 1865, Rudolphus L, Spring, enl. March 7, 1865. Disch. June 12, 1865. George W. Easterwood, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Jan. 10, 1866. Mustered out Aug. 9, 1865. COMPANY B. James E. Durwent, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Prom, to Sergt. Maj. Dec. 1, 1864, to 2nd Lieut. Co. B May 4, 1865. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1865. COMPANY 0. James H. Leeman, enr, as 1st Lieut, Oct, 7, 1861, Promoted to Capt. Aug. 3, 1863, Mustered out at end of term Oct. 6, 1864. William L. Thomas, enr. as 1st Sergt, Oct. 23, 1861. 168 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Charles E. Holt, enr. as Corp. Oct. 20, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Nov., 1864. Frank D. Burgess. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Albert Button, enl. Oct, 28, 1861. Died in rebel prison; date unknown. Christopher Bohn, enl. Nov. 20, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Nov. 1864. Aaron A. Coiles, enl. Oct. 17, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Nov., 1864. Ichabod Dilley, enl. Nov. 6, 1861. Diseh. for. disability March 19, 1863. Robert J. Green, enl. Oct, 12, 1861. Died in rebel prison, date unknown. Wesley W. Griswold, enl. Dec. 13, 1861. Died at Washingrton, D. C. Oct. 8, 1863. Elijah K. Harper, enl. Nov. 9, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, No- vember, 1864. Albert Morrison, enl. Nov. 12, 1861. Died in rebel prison, date unknown- John Randall, enl. Nov. 11, 1861. Disch. for disability March 11, 1863. Joseph Reed, enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Killed at St. Mary's Church June 24, 1864. John Stannard, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Died at Washington, D. C. Oct. 9, 1863. Jerome O. Woods, enl. Oct. 18, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Travella A. Wilcox, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, No- vember, 1864. William B. Strawm, enl. Jan. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Cyrus King, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Killed at Davis' Hill Oct. 1, 1864. Philip Bishop, enl. March 16, 1865. Disch. June 37, 1865. Edwin Beckwith, enl. March 3, 1865. Disch. June 37, 1865. Ozro Markham, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865. Orlando Markham, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Albert D. Reed, enl. March 5, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Herman Rodig, enl. March 16, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865. John Rudd, enl. Feb. 37, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865. Charles A. Stible, enl. Feb. 16, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865. Horace S'rong, enl. Feb. 32, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865. John B. Turner, enl. Feb. 28, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Frank Wilson, enl. Feb. 18, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865. George Whelpley, enl. March 1, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865. COMPANY D. Alanson A. Grant, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Died at Poto- mac Creek Station, Va., May 3D, 1863. Anson A. Judd, enl. Nov. 12, 1861 . Disch. June 37, 1865. William Lucas, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865. Henry C. Booth, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Joel Allen, enl. Feb. 33, 1864. Mustered out June 10, 1865. David Caldwell, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Patrick Dalton, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. James Grim, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Jacob Keyear, enl. Dec. 25, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Silas S. Older, enl. Feb. 14, 1864. Mustered out with theCo. Joseph Packard, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Wounded Oct. 1, 1864, and sent to Hospital . Alexander D. S. Wilson, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Wcunded Oct. 1, 1864, and senttoHosp. Benj. H. Black, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Disch. June 27, 186'i. Thomas S. Clark, enl. Feb. 18. 1864. Disch. June 27, 1865. James S. Hickok, enl. Xov. 22, 1863. Disch. June 27, 1865. Daniel B. Joyce, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. June 6, 1865. James T. Wickham, enl. Feb. 14, 1864. Disch. June 27, 1865. Joseph S. Bell, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Died at Alexandria,' Va., July 6 1864 Simon Smith, enl. April 4, 1864. Died May 28, 1864, from wounds' rec'd inaction. COMPANY P. William L. Thomas, enr. as 1st Sergt. Oct. 22. 1861. Promoted to 2d ■ Lieut. Co. E March 29. 1864; to 1st Lieut. July 35, 1864 and to Capt. Co. FNov. 18, 1864. Wounded May 38, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1865 Andrew A. Burrell, enr. as Sergt. Jan. 4, 1864. Died Aug. 16, 1864, of wounds reo'd in action June 84, 1864. George W. Anderson, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 23, 1863. Captured Oct. 1, 1864 Died in Salisbury prison Nov. 13, 1864. Edwin Beckley, enr. as Corp. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1866 Oscar F. Hoskins, enl. Dec. 12, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865 George W. Chamberiain, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Disch. from Hosp. April 15 1864. ' Solon L. Darling, enl. Dec. 12, 1863. Mustered out June 27 1865 Fayette E. Ball, enl. Dec. IK, 1863. Mustered out June 19 1665 AmosB. Case, enl. Dec. 12, 186.3. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865 Mus- tered out with the Co. Charles Campbell enl. Dec. 18, 1K3. Mustered out June 27 1865 ^\ illiam Ford, enl. Dee. 17. If 63. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1866'. Mus- tered out with the Co. Charles L. Garman, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb 9 1864 and to Sergt. June 1. 1865. Mustered out with the Co >athaniel Grinnell, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out June 27 1865 George W. Grim, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Erwin Herrick, enl. Deo. 28, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865. William Harmon, enl. #)ec. 17, 1863. Captured Dec. 8, 1864. Reported again April 30, 1865. Mustered out June 16, 1865. WilhamHunt, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Transf. to Northwestern Dept. Sept. 1, 1864. Orrin Holcomb, Jr., enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Captured Oct. 1, 1864. Died in Salisbury prison Dec. 6, 1864. Daniel H. Harrington, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Musterea out June 27, 1865. Thomas Hardesty, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Thomas Jenkins, enl. Dec. 9, 1863. Captured Oct. 1, 1864. Died in Salis- bury prison Nov. 25, 1864. Calvin W. Johnson, enl. Dec. 32, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Cryness Larue, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John G. Long. enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Nov. 20, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 7, 1865. James Mee, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Co. Tod Merwin, enl. Deo. 29, 1863. Mustered out June 37, 1865. Abram Osterhaut, enl. Dec. 26, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Nov. 20, 1864. James H. Robbe, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered ou June 27, 1865. Lucas O. Roberts, enl. Oct. 26, 1863. Captured Oct. 1, 1864. Died in Salisbury prison March 9, 1865. Benjamin M. Rudd, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Absalom Scott, enl. Dec. 20, 1863. Captured Oct. 1, 1864. Died in Salis- bury prison Nov. 23, 1864. Daniel J. Sharp, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Died at home Nov. 5, 1864. Lewis Sharp, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1865. Mus. tered out with the Co. Henry B. Simmons, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Mustered out June 37, 1866. Stephen A. Smith, enl Dec. 29, 1863. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, 0., Nov. 38. 1864. William J. Wheeler, enl. Dec. 15. 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Charles Wallace, enl, Dec, 17, 1863 Mustered out June 27, 1865. John Watkihs, enl. Dec. 15, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps, Nov. 20 1864. Joel W. Wyatt, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. George W. Milliken, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Aug. 21, 1863. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, O., Feb. 28, 1864. John Woodward, enl. March 14, 1865. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Oliver Law, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Disch. March 16, 1864. COMPANY G. Melvin D. Chappell, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. George A. Grannis. enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865. Andrew Landers, enl. Feb. Feb. 22, 1864. Mustered out July 18, 1865. Patrick McCanna, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. George Sands, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Dennis Shehan, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Missing since action of March 31, 1865. Joseph Tribfllner, enl. March 3, 1864. Wounded June 24, 1864. Michael Nelligan, enl. Feb. 19. 1864. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland Sept. 3, 1864. Benjamin F. Shierer, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Died in prison at Salisbury, N. C, Jan. 16, 1865. John W. McKibben, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Promoted to Corp May 1, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1866. Horace Austin, enl. Jan. 34, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865. Howard S, Bates, enl. Dec. 14, 1863. Disch. May 30, 1865. Lemuel Berry, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865. William Boden, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Disch. June 37, 1865. Lorenzo Burdick, enl. Jan. 24, 1865. Disch. JtUy 5. 1865. Henry Darrow, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Disch. June 27, 1865. Frederick Foster, enl. Jan. 24, 1866. Disch. June 27, 1865. James L. Morris, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Disch. June 3, 1865. James Nolan, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1866. Albert A_. Pettibone, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Disch. for disability May 24, 1865. Calvin E. Snow, enl. April 6, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865. Jonathan Swartz, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. June 27, 186.5. Roger Williams, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Disch. June 27, 1865. COMPANY H. Fritz Miller, enl. March 1, 1865. Disch. June 6, 1866. Philip Spotz, enl. Feb. 25, 1865. Disch. June 27, 1865. James Buck, enl. March 3, 1864. Transf. to Invalid Corps May 3, 1865. COMPANY I. Reuben E. Osgood, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 1, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. May 16, 1862, to 1st Lieut. July 25, 1864, to Capt. Co. I Jan. 1, 1866, and to Maj. July 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Keg. Aug. 7, 1865. William Allen, enl.'March 3, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865. James Brennan, enl. Jan. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles H. Brown, enl. Feb. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Cyrus Carpenter, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. SECOND AND SIXTH CAVALRY, ETC. 169 Henry Fox, enl. March 21, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Bartholomew Green, enl. Feb. 20, 1865. Mustered out with the Uo. George Krause, enl. Feb. 27, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Isaac N. Rhodes, enl. Feb. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Sharpe, enl. March 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. John C. Shepard, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel Smith, enl. March ID, 1864. Mustered out with the Co, Wilham Smith, enl, Feb. 10, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865. William Stowe, enl. Jan. 24. 1864, Mustered out with the Co. William S. Wakeman, enl, Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Frank Hanks, enl. Feb. 28, 1884. Killed May 28, 1864. Philip W. Bradford, enl. Feb. 19, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland March 26, 1864. James N. Wade, enl. Jan. 5. 1864. Died at Erie, Pa., March 25, 1865. Charles D, Ayres, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Irving B. Minor, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. May 29, 1865. John Ferris, enl. Oct. 31, 1863. Mustered out June 87, 1865. Christopher C. Hively, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. George Hoffman, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. William E. Hill, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Evan Davis, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Mustered out June 6, 1865. Dennis Dwyre, enl. Jan. 11, 1864. Mustered out July 11, 1865, Loyd W. Irwinger, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 28, 1864. Peter Jacobs, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865. Jacob Lease, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865. Sylvester Morgan, enl. Aug. 30. 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865. Albert Rapke, enl. Sept. 8, 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865. George Smith, enl. Feb. 21, 1864. Transf, to the Navy April 27, 1864. Melvin G. Wakeman, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 19, 1865. COMPAKY K. John E. Wyatt, enr. as 1st Lieut. Oct. 8, 1861. Prom, to Capt. Feb. 27, 1864. Disch. March 3, 1865. Isaiah McConkey, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865. Francis G. Hoftmeier, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Peter Lane, enl. Jan. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Reuben Meachem. enl. Jan. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Charles B. Olcott, enl. Feb. 38, 1864. Mustered out July 11, 1865. Perry Orendorff, enl. Feb. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. David Palmer, enl. Feb. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Edwin Viers, enl. Feb. 21, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Nehemiah Viers, enl. March 11, 1864. Mustered ovit with the Co. Dallas M, Ware, enl. March 30, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Charles Irish, enl. April 4, 1861. Disch. tor disability Dec. 21, 1864. Cyrus P. Harmon, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Disch. for disability May 31, 1865. Thomas Hayward, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Elijah McConkey, enl. Feb. 7, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Henry W. Morrell, enl. Feb. 21, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865. Hezekiah OrindorfC, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. for disability. John O'Connor, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. William Quinn, enl. Jan. 9, 1864. Disch. for disability. James E. Viers, enl. Feb. 21, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Reuben E. Osgood, enr, as Sergt. Nov. 1, 1861. Transf. to Co, I. George Cutshaw, enl. Deo. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Killed in action June 17, 1863. Wellington Parker, enl. Nov. 28, 1861. Shot accidentally Oct. 3, 1862. WiUiam F. Tousley, enl. Oct. 9, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Died in Hosp. Jan. 6, 1865. Cassius C. Starr, enl. Nov. 9, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Died in Hosp. April 22, 1865. Henry Fieldhouse, enl. Dec, 10, 1861. Died in Hosp. Sept, 3, 1865, Warren L. Sprague, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Died in rebel prison June 6, 1864. Thomas S. Bark. (See Non-Com. Staff,) Harrv A. Young. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Jesse Welshur, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Promoted to Sergt, Mustered out June 27. 186.5. William D. Warriner, enl. Dec. 11. 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Horace I. Edgerton, enl. Oct, 18, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 27, 1865. William Elliott, en). Nov. 1, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out Christopher House, enl. Nov. 21, 1861. Disch. for disability June 29, 1863. Lumen S. Holt, enl. Oct. 15, 1861. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Hiram Brown, enl. Nov. 28, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 37, 1863. Newton D. Boyd, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Henry L. Campbell, enl. Oct. 12, 1861. Disch. for disability Aug. 9, 1862. Andrew J. Lamb, enl. Nov. 38, 1861. Disch. for disability. Oct. 7, 1862. Calvin Sprague, enl. Oct. 14, 1861. Disch. for disability Oct. 29, 1862. Jefferson Thomas, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Disch. for disability. ■William H. Thomas, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Disch. for disability Feb. 5, 1863. Harrison Winters, enl. Dec. 6, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 31, 1862. William Wheeler, enl. Dee. 10, 1861. Disch. tor disability May 28, 1862. Ezra T. Wyatt, enl. Dec. 8, 1861. Mustered out at end of term, Dec. 22, 1864. David Johnson. (See Non-com. Staff.) M. D. Trimm, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Transf. to Vet. Ees. Corps. Eoswell G. Thomas, enl. Dec' 11. 1861. Disch. for disability. COMPANY L. George P. Heintz, enl. Feb. 18, 1864, Promoted to Corp, May 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865, Leroy Chase, enl, March 31, 1864, Killed by accident March 7, 1865, Daniel France, enl, Feb, 13, 1864, Disch. for disability March 13, 1865. William Hantz, enl. Feb. 13, 1874. Disch. June 27, 1865. Charles A. Mahoney, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Disch. May 30, 1865. Charles Mahoney, enl. March 26, 1864. Disch. June 27, 1866. Henry T. Maple, enl. May 24, 1864. Disch, June 27, 1865. Stuart O'Neill, enl. April 5, 1864, Disch. June 37, 1865. James Redditt, enl. Jan. 7, 1864. Disch.- June 27, 1865. William Santiman, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Disch. July 27, 1865. Robert Underwood, enl. Feb.. 12, 1864 . Disch. July 20, 1865, for disability caused by wounds. James Falk, enl. March 31, 1864. Died in Andersonville prison, Jan. 22, 1865. Daniel Ring, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Aug.. 7, 1865. COMPANY M. Thomas B. File, enr. as Corp. Jan. 4, 1864. Killed in action Sept, 30, 1864. Euclid M. Suplee, enr. as Corp. D.ec. 28, 1863. Promoted to Sergeant Mustered out with the Co. Aug. 7, 1865. Andrew Flick, enr. as Corp. Dec. 19. 1863. Disch. Jan. 22, 1865. Charles W. Gardner, enr. as Bugler Nov. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 37, 1865. John Anderson, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Ernest Burmester, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Died in Hosp. at Cleveland, March 17, 1864. William Campbell, enl. Dec. 25, 1863. Mustered out June 37, 1865. Philip Carey, enl. Dec. 24. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Drager, enl. Dec. 23, 1863, Died in Salisbury prison Nov. 28, 1864 .- ^ James E. Durwent, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Prom, to Sergt, Maj, Dec, 1, 1864. Ezra T. Daniels, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Benj. F. Entrikin, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Adoniga Eidinise, enl, Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Almoreen Eidinise, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered out June 37, 1865. John N, Fillson. enl, Dec, 26, 1863. Died in Salisbury prison Jan. 1, 1865. Francis M. Falloon, enl. Deo. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co, , Robert M, Gilson, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Died from wounds, Ijee. 16, 1864. Charles Hitchcock, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Disch. May 17, 1865. George W. Hunter, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Henry J. King, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Died from wounds May 13, 1865. Michael Mulverhill, enl. Dec. 23, 1863, Mustered out June 27, 1865, Nathaniel Morehead, enl. Dec, 21, 1863, Disch, July 6, 1865, Jacob Miller, enl. Dec. 29, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, James McLean, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out July 6, 1865. Leman J. Morey, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out June 27, 1865. Harrison Rundell, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out July 6, 1865. Arthur Eearding, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out June 37, 1865. John Rearding, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Gideon Eabshaw, enl. Dec, 23, 1863, Mustered out June 27, 1865, Edward Stewart, enl, Dec, 33, 1863, Mustered out June 37, 1865, William S, Shaw, enl, Dec, 33, 1863, Mustered out June 34, 1865. Elmer Stine, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co, WilUam Stine, enl, Dec. 30, 1863 , Mustered out with the Co , William F, Smith, enl,, Dec. 38, 1863. Mustered out June 37, 1865. Henry J. Shepley, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 27, 1865. John Thomas, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Died at City Point, Va., June 28, 1864. Robert D. VanFossen, enl. Deo. 26, 1863. Mustered ont June 27, 1865. John B. Whittaker, enl. Jan. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 37, 1865. John A. Stiver, enl. Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out June 19, 1865. David H. Bricker, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 27, 1865, John A, Algier, enl, Feb. 11, 1865. Mustered out June 37, 1865. Peter Conway, enl. Dec. 39, 1863, Mustered out June 27, 1865, John J, Handell, enl. Dec. -30, 1863. Mustered out June 27, 1865. 22 170 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY, CHAPTER XXXIV. TENTH AND TWELFTH CAVALKY. Organization and Equipment of the Tenth— Around Murfreesboro— At Chickamauga— Defeating Indians and Capturing Vance— The Atlanta Campaign— Opening the Battle of Resaea— Service under Kilpatrick— On the March to the Sea— Scattering Wheeler's Horsemen— Captur- ing Cannon with the Saber— All Wheeler's Cavalry Defeated— Through the Carolinas— Mustered Out — The Cuyahoga Members— Brilliant Ser- vice of the Twelfth Cavalry— A Vivid Record— Guarding Prisoners— In Kentucky— Starting for Saltviile— Back to Meet Morgan— A Rat- tliug Ride— Charging into Camp— A Desperate Fight— The Rebels De- feated — The Final Rout at Cynthiana — Herrick's Fifteen Scatter Four Hundred — Morgan's Power destroyed— Another Saltviile Expedition —A Terrific Night— Men and Horses falling down Precipices— Beach- ing Saltviile— Early's Infantry— The Unionists defeated— Loss of the Regiment— To East Tennessee— The Third Saltviile Expedition— Co. F. leads a Charge— Gillem meets Vaughn— Charge after Charge —"A Whirlwind on Horseback— Thirty-three Miles in Six Hours— Eight Cannon captured — Wytheville taken in an Instant — Back toward Saltviile— Meeting Breckenridge— His Flight— Destruction of the Salt Works— The Twelfth as Constant Rear-guard— The Last Great Raid- Six Thousand Horsemen— Tearing up Railroads— Defeating Four Thousand Infantry— Capturing Thirteen Hundred Prisoners and Four- teen Cannon— Sixty-seven Days in the Saddle— Service after the War —Mustered Out in November— Cuyahoga in the Twelfth. TENTH CAVALRY. Although organized at Camp Taylor, near Cleve- land, in Ocbober, 1863, this regiment was not equipped so as to be ready for the field nntil the spring of 1863. It had thirty-eight men from Cuy- ahoga county; about half of them in Company I, and the rest in Companies E, F and H. It proceeded to Nashville and thence to Murfreesboro; remaining at and near the latter place on active scout and picket duty until the latter part of June, 1863, when it advanced with Eosecrans' army in the Chattanooga campaign. At Chickamauga it guarded the commu- nications in the rear. Afterwards a part of it remained in the Sequatchie valley, fighting guerrillas, while the rest went to East Tennessee, where it was engaged for three months in almost daily conflict with the outlying troops of Longstreet's force. At one time the command defeated three hundred Indians and two hundred North Carolinaians under General (now Senator) Vance, of that State; capturing that officer, his wagon-train and a hundred of his men. After the re-union of the regiment it was mounted, and in the spring of 1864 moved forward with Sher- man on the Atlanta campaign. The Tenth led the charge which opened the battle of Resaea, suffering heavy loss, and thereafter it was actively engaged under the fiery Kilpatrick throughout the campaign. Under this renowned leader it was engaged in numer- ous conflicts with the enemy's cavalry, which was thus prevented from annoying the main army. The Union horsemen were also of the utmost use in obtaining information of the enemy. During the "March to the Sea" in the autumn of 1864 the cavalry did whatever fighting was done, and, as the Tenth Ohio was especially accustomed to the use of the saber, it was freauently called on to lead a charge against the enemy which hovered on the flanks. At Lovejoy's Station nine regiments of Union cavalry, of which the Tenth Ohio was one, made a charge which scattered Wheeler's rebel horse almost in an instant. The Tenth also attacked gal- lantly and with great effect at Bear Creek Station, At Macon it charged the enemy's breastworks with drawn sabers, under the fire of thirteen pieces of artillery; driving the enemy out and capturing two of the guns. At Waynesboro, Georgia, on the 1st of December, the second division led the attack against all Wheeler's cavalry, then numbering nearly ten thousand men, while Kilpatrick had but about five thousand. While a part of the command advanced dismounted, the Tenth Ohio charged with the saber on the flank and aided in gaining a complete victory over the enemy, who was driven eight miles. During the campaign through the Carolinas the Tenth was also actively engaged on the flanks; inva- riably driving back the enemy's cavalry, and some- times scattering the demoralized infantry which had been picked up to make a show of resistance against the veteran columns of Sherman. The regiment was mustered out on the 1st of September, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. Thomas W. Sanderson, enr. as Major Jan. 15, 1863. Promoted to Lieut. Col. April 20, 1864, and to Col. Jan. .30, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. Sept. 1, 1865. Lyman C. Thayer, enr. as Major Nov. 10, 1863. Resigned Oct. 6, 1863. William G. Hall, enr. as Asst. Surg. Feb. 1, 1863. Resigned Sept. 12, 1863, Henry Frizzell, enr. as lat Lieut, and Q. M. Oct. 4, 1863. Resigned June 12, 1863. NON-OOMMISSIONED STAFF. Lewis H. Brainard, enl. Nov. 7, 1863. Promoted to Com. Sergt. Jan. 15, 1863, and to Sergt. Major Jan. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Reg. COMPANY E. Edward M. Hayes, enr. as 3d Lieut. Oct. 9, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Jan. 15, 1863, and to Capt. March 17, 1864. Mustered outwiththeCo. Sept. 1, 1865. COMPANY F. James S. Morgan, enr. as 3d Lieut. Oct. 18, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. March 34, 1864. Killed in action Nov. 16, 1864. COMPANY w. Edwin McGaughy, enr. as 2d Lieut. Co. I Oct. 4, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. March 17, 1864, and to Capt. Co. G Jan. 30, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 1, 1865. <- COMPANY H. Edwin B. Campbell, 2nd Lieut. (See Co. L.) Thomas G. Northrup, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 16, Res. April 14, 186:j. COMPASy I. Edwin McGaughy, enr. as 3d Lieut. Oct 4, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. March 17, 1864. James L. Thayer, enl. Oct. 6, 1863. Promoted to 2d Lieut. March 34^864. Resigned Sept. 29, 1864. Albert C. Lovett, enl. Oct. 10, 1882. Promoted to Q. M. Sergt. March 1, 1868, and to 2d Lieut. July 25, 1864. Resigned April 9, 1865. Julius Beck, enr. as 1st Sergt. Oct. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability June 10, 1866. Lewis H. Brainard. (See Non-Com. Staff.) J. C. Harrington, enr. as Corp. October 20, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. for disability June 14, 1865. W. W. Tillotson, enl. Nov. 3, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., April 23, 1863. John Eagleson, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Mustered out with Co. July 24, 1866. Caleb Turner, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability June 30, 1863. Frederick Alley, enl. Nov. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Benson, enl. Nov. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Benj. F. Brown, enl. Oct. 20. 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Charles A. Camp, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Died at Cleveland, O. , Jan., 1863. James Campbell, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. July 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Joel W. Dean, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Feb. 6, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 3, 1865. TENTH AND TWELFTH CAVALRY, ETC. 171 S. M. Hendershott, enl. Oct. 9, 1868. Transf. to Co. E March 4, 1863. Died at Annapolis, Hd., May 3, 1863. John Huher, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Disch. for disahility July 2, 1863. Emerson C. Horton, enl. Oct. 28. 1862. Disch. June 26, 1865. Henry Koehler. enl. Nov. 17, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Charles Lewis, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Terry McConner, enl. Oct. 27, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. John H. Oakley, enl. Oct. 10, 1862, Mustered out with the Co. Samuel Shaffer, enl. Oct. 26. 1862. Mustered out with the Co. Charles L. Stephens, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Co. John Seymour, enl. Nov. 3, 1862. Disch. for disability June 26, 1863. Frederick MoGill, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Alfred Jago, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Co, COMPANY L. Edwin B. Camphell, enl. May 18. 1861, Co. A, 23rd Eegt. Inf. Prom, to Sergt. Oct. 1, 1862. Was discharged. Re-enlisted 10th Car., Co. M, as 2nd Lieut. .July 25, 1863. Prom. June 14, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Co. H, and July 1, 1865, to Capt. Co. L. Mustered out with the Reg. July 24, 1865. TWELFTH CAVALRY.* Although the regiment had but sixty-eight mem- bers from Cuyahoga county (scattered through all its companies, from fourteen in Company F, down to one in Company A,) yet its brilliant and interesting record is well worthy the attention of our readers. Many other cavalry regiments doubtless had the will, but few had the fortune to meet with such stirring adventures, and these have been so vividly set forth in Captain Mason's narrative that we can only regret that the many interests with which we have to deal compel us to condense it to such meager proportions. The regiment was raised in the autumn of 1863; almost all the oflBcers and a large part of the men having seen service before. In November Companies A, C, D, F, I and L, under Major Herrick, with in- fantry arms, were sent to guard the rebel prisoners on Johnson's island; there being then much excitement regarding their threatened rescue. After arduous service there for three months, they joined the other companies at Camp Denuison; the latter having been drilling in the meantime at Camp Chase. At Camp Dennison full equipments were issued, including seven-shooting Spencer carbines, together with an extremely fine outfit of horses. On the 7th of April the regiment reached Lexing- ton, Kentucky. After various marches to and fro it set out from Mt. Sterling in May with other mounted regiments, all under General Burnside, to cross the mountains two hundred and fifty miles into Virginia, and destroy the Confederate salt-works and stores at Saltville, in that State. After going to the valley of the Big Sandy and waiting there two weeks for sup- plies, the command again advanced, but had scarcely made a day's march when the general heard from his scouts that the celebrated John Morgan had passed through another gap with a large force, and was mak- ing straight for the most fertile portions of Kentucky. The column immediately reversed its course, and pushed on by forced marches to meet that energetic commander. " Condensed from Captain F. H. Mason's history of the regiment. Captain Mason is also the author of an interesting history of the Forty- second Infantry, to which accident prevented our giving the proper credit. Near nightfall on the 8th of June, thirty-seven miles from Mt. Sterling, it was learned that Morgan had taken the camp left there by the Unionists, with all the sick and convalescents, and all the stores not taken on the expedition. He was then occupying the captured camp. The distance must be spanned before dawn or he would be gone. The already weary horses were urged to new exertions, and all night the column pushed forward at a rapid trot. Toward morning it broke into a gallop. Six miles from Mt. Sterling Morgan's careless pickets, who supposed the whole Union force to be in Virginia, were captured in an instant by the headlong column, without a shot being fired. A short halt was made to wait for the first dawn of light, and again the column went forward at a gallop; the Twelfth Ohio being in the van, except a small detachment of Kentucky mounted infantry, the men of which acted as guides. The inner pickets fired, but the assailants, urging their horses to a harder gallop, dashed over and past them without a moment's pause, and whirled straight at Morgan's mounted infantry, who lay in camp on the road the Unionists were following. Eoused by the firing, they sprang up, and though completely surprised made a sharp fight. The first battalion of the Twelfth drove them back into their camp, and then galloped on to attack Morgan's cavalry on the other side of town. The other two battalions were detained by a dis- mounted cannon. Sixty pushed forward under Major Moderwell. Moderwell and Colonel Brent, the Con- federate commander, met and severely wounded each other. The sixty were almost overpowered, when the rest of the forces came up. After a short but terrific fight the rebels fled at their utmost speed. Meanwhile the first battalion, two hundred strong, had passed through town and attacked the six hun- dred cavalry on the north side. One company of the Twelfth charged them on the flank — the other three in front; and, not knowing what force tiiey were fight- ing in the uncertain dawn, the six hundred also fled toward Lexington. Hot pursuit was made and many prisoners taken, but the rebels were largely Kentuck- ians and knew the country better than the Unionists; so that the greater part escaped. Morgan was absent with a detachment at the time of this combat, but soon returned and gathered his men. On the afternoon of the 9th he made a des- perate effort to recover Mt. Sterling, but the Twelfth Ohio lay behind a rail fence and cut his lines in pieces with a terrific fire; then charged and utterly routed him. In both contests the regiment had a hundred and thirty-seven men killed, wounded and missing. Morgan then retreated to Cynthiana; his thinned ranks being partly filled by rebel Kentuckians. There Burbridge's command again attacked him, at dawn on the 12th of June. The Twelfth Ohio and Eleventh Michigan again charged with drawn sabers in the front line, and again the rebels fled in utter confu- 172 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. sion. Major Herrick crossed the river with a sqnad of fifteen. Seeing three or four hundred of the enemy in line, the squad instantly charged and the rebels fled, though doubtless they were influenced by the operations of larger detachments who were likely to cut off their retreat. Morgan's force was utterly broken up, and at once fled through the mountains; and HI fact the celebrated partisan never did any- thing of much consequence afterward. During most of the summer the Twelfth was sta- tioned at Richmond, Kentucky, protecting the Union- ists from guerrillas. On the 30th of September it again set out for Saltville, with a force of nearly five thousand cavalry and mounted infantry, still under the command of General Burbridge. East of the Big Sandy the roads were even worse than before, and one night's march is described as probably the most fearful one ever made on the continent when no enemy was present. For miles the road wound along enormous cliffs which towered on one side, while terrific gorges yawned on the other. The rain fell in torrents and Egyptian darkness shrouded the path, save when the blinding lightning half revealed the perils which threatened the devoted soldiery. No less than eight men with their horses fell down those awful precipices and were killed, while many others who fell in less dangerous places, though badly bruised, were drawn up by the lariats of their com- rades. The column at length reached the vicinity of Salt- ville, and was making good headway against the forces with which Gen. Breckenridge was defending that place, when it was suddenly confronted by- a large force, estimated at five thousand, of Early's in- fantry, which had come through from the Shenan- doah valley to defend the threatened point. The Unionists were completely defeated, and considered themselves fortunate in being able to escape through the mountains to Kentucky. The Twelfth Ohio had forty-nine killed and wounded On the expedition. In November, 1864, the regiment went to East Tennessee, and on the 12th of December set out on the third expedition against Saltville, which the Union generals seemed as determined to take as were the old crusaders to capture Jerusalem. This time the Twelfth was a part of six thousand cavalry under Gen. Stoneman, which was joined in Virginia by a smaller force under Gen. Burbridge. After defeating Basil Duke and capturing Bris- tol, with immense supplies, the column approached Abingdon, Va., in the night. A Kentucky regiment was ordered to charge into town. The colonel de- monstrated on account of the darkness, etc., when Lieut. Holt asked leave to lead the charge with Com- pany F of the Twelfth Ohio. Leave was granted, the company dashed forward at the gallop, and m twenty minutes Abingdon was captured, though the gallant lieutenant was badly wounded. The command pressed forward and Gen. Gillem's brigade of four regiments (the Twelfth being one) was sent to Marion, where it met Vaughn's command of rebel cavalry with eight pieces of artillery. Gil- lem's men instantly charged, shattered the rebel force and sent it flying on the road to Wytheville, thirty- three miles distant. Then ensued one of the most remarkable rides known in the history of war. At every opportunity the Confederates placed one or two guns in position and endeavored to stop the Union advance. In every instance but a single shot was fired ere the men of the Twelfth, with their comrades, charged with the saber before the artillerists could i-eload, and cut them down at their pieces or com- pelled them to flee for their lives. In this way the whole eight pieces were taken and three hundred prisoners; besides which, half as many more were killed and wounded. Thirty-three miles were made in six hours without hardly a shot being fired by the Unionists. When the column reached the hill nearest Wytheville, the town was in the wildest confusion. Vaughn's de- moralized men were mingled with the garrison and with the citizens fleeing from their homes, aud no one knew what to do to escape from the terrible Yan- kees. Gen. Gillem sent a flag" to demand a surrender. It was refused, and scarcely had the bearer turned back when Gillem thundered the order to charge, and the brigade went forward like a whirlwind. The Confederates attempted a feeble resistance but were scattered in an instant, and Wytheville with alJ its immense stores was in the hands of the Unionists. After destroying the great railroad bridge over New river, the brigade rejoined Stoneman and returned toward Saltville, which had been passed. Gen. Breckenridge left his intrenchments there, and came to see who was tearing Virginia to pieces in this re- markable manner. A regiment in advance of the Twelfth met the enemy's cavalry, and began to dis- mount in order to fight on foot. Major Herrick im- mediately rode ahead with two hundred sabers, charged and drove the enemy's horse, back in confu- sion on his main body. Breckenridge had a large force, but after maneuvering a while he began to fear he should be cut in pieces, and fled to North Carolina. The command then destroyed the great salt-works at Saltville, thus striking another terrible blow at the Confederacy, and started back across the mountains. The hardships of the return were very great, the Twelfth Ohio being constantly required to act as rear guard, because, as the commanding general said, he wanted " no skedaddling from the rear." After six weeks in Kentucky the regiment again went to East Tennessee, and engaged in its last great expedition. It started on the 20th of March; the whole force comprising six or seven thousand horse- men under Gen. Stoneman. The column took an extremely circuitous route, but finally struck the Lynchburg and East Tennessee railroad at Christians- burg, Virginia, tearing up fifteen miles of track and preventing the retreat of Lee in that direction. Then it rode eastward to the Richmond and Danville road, TENTH AND TWELFTH CAVALRY, ETC. 173 where it performed a similar service. Approaching Salisbury, North Carolina, a part of the force, includ- ing the Twelfth Ohio, defeated foar thousand Confed- erate infantry with a single charge; capturing fourteen cannon and thirteen hundred prisoners. It then re- leased what Union prisoners were left at Salisbury, and moved southward. It had no more serious fight- ing to do, but by its movements aided in the capture of Jefferson Davis, passed on through Georgia and Alabama, and, after being sixty-seven days in the saddle, reached the Union lines at Bridgeport in the latter State on the 26th of May. After serving in East Tennessee three mouths and in Middle Tennessee two months more, it was mus- tered out at Nashville on the 14th of November, 1865, and was disbanded at Columbus, Ohio, on the 33d of the same month. IIEMBEKS FEOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. FIELD AND STAFF. John F. Herrick, enr. as Oapt. Co. F, Sept. 19, 1863. Promoted to Major Oct. 24, 1863, and to Lieut. Col. July 15, 1885. Besigned July 16, 1865. Brig. Genl. by brevet. NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF. Edward Clifford, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 27. 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Major Nov. 24, 1863. Disch. for disability Feb. 16, 1864. John A. Phelps, enl. Oct. 19, 1863. Promoted to Q. M, Sergt. May 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1865. Henry C Schenclc, enr. as Com. Sergt. Oct. 20, 1863. Mustered out Nov. 24, 1865. Howard H. Hall, enl. Oct. 13, 18B3, Promoted to Com. Sergt, and to Q. M, Sergt. Nov. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY A. Nicholas Anitillop, enl. Aug. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1865. Henry Gotts, enl. Sept. 17, 1863. Disch. for disability March 23, 1864. James Hussey, enl. Sept. 26, 1863. Made ofScer of Sixth U. S. Col. Cav. Donald W. McDonald, enl. Oct. 1, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Edward Clifford. (See Non-com. Staff.) COMPANY B. John A. Phelps. (See Non-com. Staff.) John Bums, enl. Sept. 7, 1863. Disch. for disability April 27, 1865. Eobert B. Foutts, enl. Oct. 24, 1863. Made ofBcer of 72d Reg. U. S. Col. Troops Sept. 27, 1864. George C. HinshiUwood, enl. Oct. 23, 1863. Killed at battle of SaltvUle, Va., Oct. 2, 1864. George W. Middleton, enl. Nov. 23, 1863. Detached for special duty at Knoxville, Tenn., Aug. 15, 1865. COMPANY C. William H. Collins, enl. Oct. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1865. John Snider, enl. Oct. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY D. Archibald H. Thomsen, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 28, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut, and transf. to Co. D May 11, 1865, and to Capt. Nov. 12, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 23, 1865. John Harney, enl. Oct. 1, 1863. Mustered out with tiie Co. COMPANY E. Archibald H. Thomsen, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 28, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut, and transf. to Co. D May 11, 1865. John W. Taylor, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 24, 1863. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Lester Crittenden, enr. as Corp. Oct. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John B. Alchon, enl. Sept. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Bell, enl. Oct. 27, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis W. Dake, enl. Nov. 9, 1863. Drowned at Louisville, Ky., March 28, 1864. John Hartman, enl. Oct. 2'7, 1863. Died at Camp Nelson, Ky., Oct. 6, 1864. John W. Myers, enl. Sept. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Tushingham, enl. Oct. 1, 1863. Disch. Aug. 5, 1864. John Withersty, enl. Oi!t. 27, 1863. Mustered out May 21, 1865. oo"taPANy F. John F. Herrick, enr. as Capt. Sept. 19, 1863. (See Field and Staff.) Wells A. Chamberlain; enr. as Corp. Oct. 19, 1863, Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nov, 24, 1865. William I. Pond, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 8, 1863. Promoted to 1st Lieut. 117th Reg. U. S. Col. Inf. July 15, 1864. William Heftron, enl. Sept. 21, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Frederick Gotts, enl. Oct. 6, lc63. Made Trumpeter Nov, 1, 1885. Mus- tered out with (he Co. Frank L. Bostwick, enl. Oct. 26, 1863. Transf. to Reg. Band. Mustered out with the Reg. John Dagner, enl. Oct. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. William Long, enl. Sept. 25, 1883. Disch. for disability Oct. 24, 1884. Thomas W. Nolan, enl. Sept. 21, 1868. Mustered out with the Co. William L. Raymond, enl. Oct. 28, 1S63. Died at Mt. Sterling, Ky., June 15. 1864, from wounds rec'd .June 8. Ellsha C. Woods, enl. Sept. 21, 1863. Disch. Aug. 14, 1865. Daniel M. Hall. enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Nov. 7, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Nov. 13. 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1885. Howard H. Hall. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Benj. A. Griggs, enl. Nov. 8, 1883. Killed in action at Mt. Sterling, Ky., June 9, 1864. Charles M. Hall, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Died June 16, 1864, from wounds rec'd in action June 8. COMPANY H. Lewis W Nickerson, enl. Nov. 14, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 23, 1865. William Braden, enl. Nov. 12, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Co. Francis Newson. enl. Oct. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James W. Slocum, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Died at Louisville,. Ky., July 16, 1885. Ralph Spencer, enl. Oct. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY I, Isaac Green, enl, Nov. 2, 1863. Killed at Saltville, Va., Oct. 2, 1864. COMPANY K. James L. Green, enl. Nov. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 23, 1865. Frank P. Jacobs, enl. Nov. lU, 1883. Mustered out with the Co. Daniel Johnson, enl. Oct. 31, 1863. Killed at Mt. Sterling, Ky., June 8, 1864. Matthew Sanderson, enl. Nov. 16, 1853. Musterel out Nov. 9, 1865. JohnB. Shannon, enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps May 10. 1865. William Shears, enl. Oct. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Speddy, enl. Nov. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Joseph Waltermyer, enl. Oct. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. COMPANY L. Orlando C. Van Wagneu, enl. Nov. 10, 1863. Josiah D. Clarke, enl. Nov. 10, 1863 Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1865. John Fesse, enl. Nov. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George B. Fox, enl. Nov. 10, 186;. Mustered out with the Co. Dennis Leary, enl. July 27 1864. Mustered out June 18, 1865. William Sayles, enl. Nov. 3, 1863. Transf. to Vet Res. Corps Deo. 3, 1864. Mustered out April 26, 1865. COMPANY M. William Humlong, enl. Nov. 12, 1863. Prom, to Sergt. Maj. Feb. 17, 1864, and to 2nd Lieut. Disch. July 20, 1865. John H. Conoway, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Jan. 8, 1866. Mustered out with the Co. Nov. 24, 1865. Joseph W. Bridge, enl. Nov . 2. 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Martin Dosoh, enl. Nov. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. James Forsythe, enl. Dec. 5, 1863. Disch. June 23, 1885. John Jones, enl. Nov. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Dennis Keef, enl. Nov. 4, 1868. Mustered out with the Co, George Wilson, enl, Nov, 8, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, William A, Wicks, enl, Nov, 4, 1863, Mustered out with the Co, 22 a 174 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER XXXV. FIRST LIGHT ARTIL1.ERY, ETC. The Old Militia Regiment— The Offer of Service— To the Front on Two Days Notice— In West Virginia- The Fight at Philippi— Laurel Hill and C'arrick's Ford— Mustered out of the Three Months' Service— Re-organized tor Three Years— The Batteries serve separately— K umber of Cuyahoga Men— Batteries mustered successively— Battery A in Kentucky— At Corinth— Back to Kentucky, and then to Ten- nessee— Four Guns lost at Stone River- Stubborn Fighting— The Advance— Hotly engaged at Chickamauga— In East Tennessee— Re- enllsted— The Atlanta Campaign— Pulaski and Columbia— Subsequent Services— Mustered out — Battery B under Thomas— Wild Cat Camp —Mill Springs— To and fro— Hard Fighting at Stone River— Chick- amauga— The Re-enlistment— Long Sojourn at Bridgeport- Mustered out— Battery C at Mill Springs- The Advance on Corinth— Northward with Buell— In Reserve at Perryville— A Fight with Morgan— Its Conduct at Chickamauga — The Re-enlistment — Through the Atlanta Campaign — Down to the Sea, and through the Carolinas— Out of Service— Batteiy D at Ivy Mountain— Captured at Mumfordsville— Re-organized — Taking Cumberland Gap — Defending Knoxville— The Atlanta Campaign, etc— Mustered out— Battery E on the Same Old Ground — An Artillery Duel — Success and Disaster at Stone River — Its Subsequent Battles— Home again- Battery G at Pittsburg Land- ing—Long Marches— Stone River— Constant Services— Two Months under Fire— Re-enlistment— After Wheeler— Resisting Hood— Nash- ville— At Huntsville for the Winter— Into North CaroUna— At New Orleans— Citizens Once More— Battery K in Virginia— McDowell, Port Repbblic and Cedar Mountain— Lairv's Ford and Bull Run- Hard Fighting at Gettysburg— With Hooker to Chickamauga- The Fight at Night— Its Last Battles— End of Sei-vlce— Roster of Cuya- hoga Soldiers in the Whole Regiment — Men of the Second Heavy Artillery from this County. The First Ohio Volunteer Light Artillery had its origin in a militia regiment, called the First Ohio Light Artillery, which was organized in 1860. It consisted of six companies; four, (A, B, D and E) of Cleveland; one of Brooklyn and one of Geneva, in Ashtabula county. It was oflBcered by Col. James Barnett, Lieut. Col. E. B. Sturgis, Major Gates and Quartermaster Amos Townsend. Each company had but one gun; so that practically the strength of the "regiment" was only that of a six-gun battery. It took part in the Perry celebration of 1860, and in the succeeding winter the officers and men adopted a reso- lution tendering their services to the State govern- ment in case of necessity. When the storm burst in the spring of 1861, they were called on to redeem their pledge, and did so with the greatest promptness. The telegraphic order to take the field, with twenty men per gun, came on Saturday, the 30th of April, and in the evening of the following Monday, the com. mand reached Columbus, whence it was sent to Mari- etta. On the 28th of May it entered West Virginia. Col. Barnett, with four guns, was stationed for a while at Grafton. Lieut. Col. Sturgis, with two guns, took part in the fight at Philippi, and it is stated that these were the first cannon fired by the National forces after the fall of Sumter. About the last of June the detachment rejoined the regiment, which then advanced with Gen. Morris' command to Laurel Hill, and assisted in driving the rebels from that place. They were pursued to Carrick's Ford, where they were finally and completely routed, and their commander. Gen. Garnett, was killed. The regiment was then ordered back to Columbus, where it was mustered out of the three months" service near the 26th of July. Immediately afterwards Gov. Dennison, under authority of the War Department, ordered the regi- ment to be re-organized for three years as the First Volunteer Light Artillery, with twelve batteries, of a hundred and fifty men each. It was mustered in on the 3d of September, 1861, and was provided with a colonel, lieutenant-colonel and three majors; yet from the nature of artillery service each battery acted separately. The field officers were detached on vari- ous staff positions, and rarely had any thing to do with the batteries which were nominally under their command. It will therefore be necessary to give a slight sketch of the services of each battery which had any considerable representation from Cuyahoga county. Of these there were no less than seven; Bat- tery A having thirty-eight Cuyahoga men during the war; Battery B, ninety-nine; C, thirty-nine; D, sixty- nine; E, sixty-two; G, a hundred and sixty-four, and K, forty-eight. Besides these. Batteries H and K. hae three Cuyahogians each; I, four, and M, one; making a total of four hundred and ninety-two men, besides the field and staff. Things were done in a somewhat slip-shod way in those early days, and at the time at which the mnster- in of the regiment was dated few of the batteries were full. As these were completed, they were mus- tered in at Camp Dennison, and sent thence to the field. Following, we give an outline (necessarily brief to the extreme of meagerness) of their respective ser- vices. The roster attached has reference only to the three-years men. BATTERY A. Battery A was mustered into the service Septem- ber 25, 1861, and proceeded at once to Louisville, be- ing the first Ohio battery to report in that depart- ment. Remaining in Kentucky during the winter, it moved in the spring of 1862 to Pittsburg Landing, via Nashville, reaching the former place at the close of the memorable battle fought there. It was in the advance on Corinth ; marched with General McCook through Tennessee, and with Buell through Ken- tucky. During these movements a portion of the battery, being detached for the defense of Mumfords- ville, was captured by Bragg. Marching southward from Louisville in Sill's division, it participated in numerous skirmishes en route, and did not reach Perryville until three days after the battle at that point. In the Army of the Cumberland, under Eosecrans, it operated in McCook's division. When the disaster occurred on the right at Stone River, Battery A lost four guns, but with the remaining two fought stub- bornly at every possible point; the officers and men continuing the contest until the last gun was disa- bled, and then aiding to work the guns of other batteries. It was reorganized and equipped at Murfreesboro and assigned to the second division of the Army of the Cumberland. It participated in the movement FIKST LIGHT ARTILLERY, ETC. 175 on Tullahoma aud fougho gallantly at Chickamauga, where by the utmost exertion it saved its guns amid the general disaster, though with a loss of seventeen men killed and wounded. It entered Chattanooga with the army and aided in the subsequent defense of that town. While marching through East Tennessee in December, 1863, and January, 1864, it fought fre- quently with the enemy's cavalry, and invariably drove them back. On the 30th of January it re-en- listed, and soon returned to Ohio on veteran furlough. It subsequently joined the second division of the Fourth army corps, and took part in the entire At- lanta campaign. Returning to Tennessee with the Fourth corps, it was warmly engaged with the rebels, under Hood, at Pulaski and Columbia. It passed on without further active service to Nashville; arriving just after the battle before that city. Later it was sent to New Orleans, but after a short stay was brought home and mustered out on the 31st of July, 1865. BATTBEY B. This battery was mustered into the service on the 8th of October, 1861, with one hundred and forty- seven men, of whom ninety-nine were from Cuyahoga county. It reported to Gen. Thomas in Kentucky, and saw its first field service at Wildcat Camp, where it silenced a rebel gun. On the 5 th of November it joined the Seventeenth Ohio Infantry at Fishing Creek, and during the ensuing month was busily en- gaged in skirmishing and scouting. Moving on the 17th of January, 1862, to join Gen. Thomas at Mill Springs, it was in the thickest of the fight at that place, after which it proceeded to Nashville, where on the 4th of March it went into camp. On the 29th it joined Buell's army, and, until the 10th of July, was employed in looking after the rebel cavalry then infesting Middle Tennessee. During July, August and September it was almost constantly on the march in Eastern and Middle Tennessee and Kentucky. It occupied a place on the right wing of Buell's army at the battle of Perrysville, but took no part in the action. The battery encountered no stir- ring adventure until its participation in the battle of Stone river, in which it fought with great gallantry; losing seventeen men killed, wounded and missing. Its next important service was at the battle of Chicka- mauga. On the second day of that combat it was charged by a large body of the enemy, but at first drove them back with heavy loss. Another charge was made, and, as the infantry support had given way, the battery was obliged to retreat with the loss of two of its guns. It shared the hardships of the siege of Chattanooga; remaining near there until after the battle of Mission Ridge. It then returned to Nashville, and, on the 4th of January, 1864, sixty-five of the original mem- bers of the command re-enlisted as veterans. After they had enjoyed their thirty days furlough, the bat- tery reported to Gen. Thomas at Bridgeport, Ala.; remaining stationed at that point until July, 1866. It was then sent to Columbus, Ohio, and mustered out; being one of the last organizations to retire from the service. BATTBRT C. This organization was mustered into the service on the 9th of September, 1861, and on the 1st of October left Camp Dennison and reported to Gen. Thomas in Kentucky. Directly thereafter it joined an expedi- tion intended to relieve East Tennessee, and achieved signal honors at the important victory of Mill Springs. It joined Buell's army at Nashville, but did not reach Pittsburg Landing in time to take part in the battle. In the advance upon Corinth Battery C was busily engaged, and was afterwards active in the pursuit of the rebel army, formed a part of the rear-guard of Buell's army on the march to Kentucky, and at Louisville was assigned to the Fourteenth army corps. At Perry ville Battery C was held in reserve near Buell's headquarters. In October, 1863, the battery was transferred to the Fourteenth army corps. It was with Carlin's brigade in a long march to intercept John Morgan, and was engaged with that celebrated rebel in a sharp conflict at Rolling Fork, Ky. It fought stubbornly in the battle of Chickamauga, under tlie dauntless Thomas, having thirteen men and thirty horses killed aud wounded, and one gun dismounted, and being warmly complimented by the distinguished general just mentioned. Mission Ridge saw the battery again in action. After the achievement of that gi-eat victory it re-en- listed and was sent to Ohio on veteran furlough. Returning to Chattanooga in March, 1864, it left there in May to share in the Atlanta campaign. It bore a heroic part in the battles of Resaca, Cassville, New Hope Church, Peachtree Creek and the seige of Atlanta; losing twenty men in killed and wounded during the campaign. The battery accompanied Sherman on his Savannah campaign and also on the march through the Caro- linas; during which it was in action at Averyville and Bentonville. Thenceforth it saw no more active service, and, after appearing in the' grand review at Washington, it was mustered out at Oleveland-ou the 15th of June, 1865. BATTERY D. Battery D was mustered into the service in Septem- ber, 1861, with one hundred and fifty men, of whom sixty-nine were from Cuyahoga county. On the 1st of November it left Camp Dennison and reported to General Nelson in Kentucky, and was engaged short- ly afterwards in a sharp skirmish at Joy mountain, Ky. After marching through Alabama, Tennessee, Mississippi and Kentucky without being in action, it fought at Mumfordsville in September, 1862, when all its men and guns were captured. The men were paroled and returned to Camp Chase, and, upon be- ing exchanged in January, 1863, proceeded as a reor- ganized and well equipped battery to Kentucky. It 176 GENERAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. was represeDted by an important detachment in a suc- cessful raid through East Tennessee: participated, in July, 1863, in the capture of Cumberland Gap, and took an active and gallant part in the celebrated de- fense of Knoxville. After this the battery re-enlisted. It marched with Sherman upon Atlanta ; did excel- lent service at the battles of Franklin and Nashville, and was eventually mustered out at Cleveland on the 15th of July, 1865. BATTERY F. This organization was mustered in August 23, 1861, and in December joined the old Third division in Kentucky. Subsequently it followed General 0. M. Mitchell through Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama, and was in General Sill's division during the pursuit of Bragg. On the 16th of November, 1862, it fought a brisk artillery duel with the First Louisiana Bat- tery at Lavergue, Tennessee, in which it was com- pletely victorious, and on the 27th of December as- sisted in driving the rebels beyond Triune. It dis- tinguished itself at Stone River; silencing a Texas battery and repulsing repeated charges of infantry and cavalry on the 30th of December. The next day, however, it was completely overwhelmed, and all its guns and twenty-five of its tnen were captured, be- sides twenty-three men killed and wounded. Being refurnished with guns, it took part in the battles of Chickamauga, Mission Ridge and Nashville; being es- pecially distinguished for its gallantry in the great victory last mentioned. It was mustered out on the 10th of July, 1865. BATTEKY G. Battery G was emphatically a Cuyahoga-county institution, having, including recruits, no less than a hundred and sixty-four men from that county in its ranks. It was mustered in at Camp Denuison in December, 1861. On the 10th of February, 1862, it marched to JefEersonville, Indiana, and on the 11th of March was ordered to join the Fifth division. On the 7th of April it entered the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and was engaged the entire day; being the only volunteer battery of Buell's army in that action. It also served with Crittenden's division throughout the siege of Corinth. After many long marches through Alabama and Tennessee, during the summer and autumn of 1862, it took part in the battle of Stone River at the end of the year, but was not in the hottest part of the fight. It was actively employed in skirmishing at Murfreesboro and on the march to Tullahoma, covered the rear in the retirement from Dug Gap, and was almost continuously under fire from the battle of Chickamauga until after the fight at Mission Ridge. On the 2d of December, 1863, it set out for Nash- ville, where seventy-six out of ninety-six men re- cnlisted; being mustered as a veteran battery on the 4th of January, 1861. After being stationed at Nashville during the spring and summer of 1864, it was engaged in several sharp figlits in August, while pursuing Wheeler's cavalry, which was driven across the Tennessee river. The battery also checked Hood's advance into Frank- lin on the 30th of November; losing on that occasion twenty-three men in killed and wounded. From December 2d to December 14th it was daily engaged with the enemy at Nashville; taking an active part on the latter day in the general engagement between Generals Thomas and Hood. It also fought at Ru- therford creek during Hood's retreat. During the winter it was stationed at Huntsville, Alabama. In March, 1 865, it moved with the Fourth corps into Tennessee and North Carolina; returning to Nashville in April. In June it accompanied the same corps to New Orleans; returning in August, 1865, to Ohio, and being mustered out at Camp Chase on the 1st of September, 1865. BATTERY K. Battery K left Camp Dennison in February, 1863/ jomed Geii. Schenck in Maryland and moved with him into Virginia; fighting its first battle at Mc- Dowell aad its second at Port Republic. It after- wards moved through the Shenandoah valley with Fremont, and fought under Pope at Cedar Mountain and in other less important conflicts. It took part in a sharp engagement at Lairy's Ford ; having sixteen men killed and wounded, and thirty horses killed. It was also engaged under Pope in the second battle of Bull Run. The next year Battery K won much honor at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; losing on the latter field thirty-two men in killed and wounded. In October following, the battery accompanied the Twentieth corps under Gen. Hooker to Chattanooga, and was engaged in the night fight in Wauhatchie valley, near that place. It closed its fighting career at Lookout Mountain and Mission Ridge. It was afterwards stationed in Northern Alabama until July, 1865, when it was sent north, and on the 17th of that month was mustered out at Camp Dennison. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUXTY. FIELD AND STAFF. James Barnett, enr. as Colonel April 20, 1861. Mustered out atexpiration of term of service Oct. 20, 1864. William H. Hayward, enr. as Lieut. Col! Xov 25, 1861. Resigned April 1, 186.3. Walker E. Lawrence, enr. as Major Sept. 13, 1861. Promoted to Lieut. Col. March 8, 1864. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Nov. 26, 1864. %Varren P. Edgarton, enr. as Capt. Aug. 2.3, 1861. Prom, to Major March 25, 1864. Res. July 9, 186.3. Wilbur F. Goodspeed, enr, as 1st. Lieut. Battery A, Aug. 9, 1861. Prom. to Capt. June 9, 1862, and to Major Oct. 20, 1864. Mastered out with the Battery Aug. 10, 1865. Charles E. Ames, enr. as Asst. Surg. July 24, 1862. Mustered out with the Regiment. NOX-COMMISSIONED STAFF. James M. Watson, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Aug. 23, 1861. Disch. for disabil- ity April 22, 1863. Phillip Kreager, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Prom, to Q. M. Sergt. Mustered out June 13, 1865. George B. Xewberry, enr. as Corp. Sept. 1, 1861. Prom, to Sergt. and to Q. M. Sergt. June 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery July 15, 1865. John McCauley, enl. Nov. 16, 1861. Prom, to Q. M. Sergt. June 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. FIEST LIGHT ARTILLERY, ETC. 177 BATTERY A. Wilbur F. Goodspeed . (See Field and Staff. ) Charles W. Scoville, enl. Sept. 2, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. April 17, 1862; to Ist Lieut. June 9, 1862, and to Capt. Dec. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Uo. Samuel W. Treat. Transf. from Battery G. Prom, to 1st Lieut. Mus- tered out July 31, 1865. Albert Eeigler, enl. as Sergt. Batt. E, Aug. 23, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Batt. A, May 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Campbell, enl. Aug. 21. 1861. Mustered out July 31, 1865. JosepkW. GlUson, enl. Aug. 10, 1861. P omoted to Corp. Oct. 10, 1863. and to Sergt. Sept. 25, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Charles Goodsell. enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865. John Meyer, tnl. Aug. 21, 1861. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Hazen J. Corlis, enl. June 32, 1863. Killed at Spring Hill, Tenn., Nov. 29,1864. Cyrus Cummings, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Chattanooga, Jan. 29, 1865. James J . Davis, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Died at Nashville July 17, 1864. George D. Fisher, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Died in Hosp. at Chattanooga, Nov. 4, 1864. Ezra S. Honeywell, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Nashville, April 4, 1864. James T. McKee, enl. June 5, 1863. Died Deo. 83, 1863, from wound re- ceived at Chickamauga. Silas E Stough, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Nashville, April 4, 1864. Alonzo Wolf, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Marietta, July 19, 1861 Walter H. Barrows, enl. Dec 18,1863. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Leverett C. Brush, enl. Aug. 9, 1861. Captured at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Was exchanged and rejoined the Battery. Prom, to Corp. Aug, 13, 1863; and to Sergt. Sept. 13, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Joshua Holloway, enl. Dec. 25, 1863. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Andrew L. Kibbe, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865. George Wass, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Taken prisoner Sept. 15, 1862. Paroled and discharged 1863 . Frederick W. Wirth, enl. Sept. 25, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Oct. 4, 1861 . Mustered out Sept. 2.5, 1864. Henry G. Bradley, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Varnum R. Grey, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out July 31, 1865. George B. Hewitt, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. March 10, 1863. Mustered out July 31. 1865. Ozias C. Smith, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 10, 1865. Harmon M. Einear, enl. Aug. 21, 1861. Disch. for disability June 16, 1862. Sherman J. Allen, enl. Aug. 6, 1868. Taken prisoner Sept. 15, 1862. Re- joined the Battery, and was mustered out July 31, 1865 . Frederick H. Adams, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Captured Sept. 15, 1862. Re- joined the Battery, and was disch. July 31, 1865. James A, Barr, enl. Aug. 20, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 85, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865. J. H. D. Barr, enl. Aug. 20, 1861 . Mustered out July 31, 1865. Henry T. Barr, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Captured at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Rejoined the Battery after exchange. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Charles A. Billings, enl. Aug. 15, 1861 . Promoted to Corp. Sept. 25, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Cumfort E. Chaffee, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 4, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 34, 1864. Henry Perry, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Francis Brown, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Captured Sept. 15, 1862. Paroled and disch. for disabdity June 24, 1863. Henry E. Brown, enl. Dee. 21, 1863. Mustered out July 31, 1865. Nathan K. Holcomb, enl. Sept. 25, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 24, 1864. P. W. Holcomb, enl. Sept. 35, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 34, 1864. Ira Van Ornum, enl. Deo. 16, 1863. Disch. for disability May 10, 1865. Thomas Jackson, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out July 31, 1865. BATTERY B. William E. Standart, enr. as Capt. Aug. 10, 1861. Resigned Oct. 31, 1863. John A. Bennett, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to Captain Battery I Sept. 16, 1863. Resigned Nov. 17, 1863. Norman A. Baldwin, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 18, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Sept. 16, 1862; and to Capt. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery, July 2s, 1865. George D. Eldridge, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 1, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Jan. 21, 1863. Died at Nashville, March 24, 1863. Thomas J. Thompson, enr. as 1st t'ergt. Aug. 15, 1861. John J. Kelly, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 10, 1861 . Promoted to 2d Lieut. Sept. 16,1863. Resigned March 14, 1863. David H. Throup, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. June 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph G. Lankaster, enr. as Coi p. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John H. Blair, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Bat- tery. Henry Moats, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. March 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. 23 Lewis Fahrion, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Nov. 8, 1864. Mus- tered out with the Battery. Gerhardt Schmidt, enr. as Corp. Sept. 5, 1831. Promoted to Sergt. March 11, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Nicholas Schroh, enl. Oct. 1, 1S61. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. John Snyder, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Bluim, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. George Sehmehl, enl . Aug. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery July 22, 1865. Edwin Chest-r, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Francis Carter, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Orlando P. Cutter, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mastered out with the Battery. Thomas Dodd. enl. Jan. 37. 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles E. Fowler, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Mustered out with the Battery. John Grant, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. John McKinty, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Mastered out with the Battery. Henry McCowen, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Manning, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. William Newcomb, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. George W. Avery, enl.jSept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Royal B. Pease, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery, James A . Rosborough, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with Battery Albert Burton, enl . Sept . 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery . Frank Bauer, enl. Oct. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Albert C. Kain, enl. Feb. 23 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. George Campbell, enl. Feb. 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Albert B. Conkey, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William Curry, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William Cardie, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John Francis, enl. Feb. 17, 1864. Mustered out witli the Battery. Thomas Gaffey, enl. Feb. 1, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Heller, enl. Sept. 24, 1833. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph Jabott, enl. Feb 2. 1864. -Mustered out with the Battery. Nicholas Kaufman, enl. Jan. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Richai-d Miller, enl. Oct. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Henry Meyers, enl. Jan 15. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Matthias Pfaff, enl. Feb. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Wilson, enl. Feb. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Frederick Flick, enl. June 13, 1863. JIustered out with the Battery. Alexander Manary, enl. July 15, 1863. Mustery out with the Battery. Thomas Marks, enl. July 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Dennis Troy, enl. July 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. William M. Camp, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 10, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Jan 4, 1864. and to 2d Lieut. Battery D March 11, 1865. William T. Quilliams, enr. as Corp. Sept. 5, 1861 . Promoted to Sergt. Transf. to Battery K April 6. 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1864. George W. Payson, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out Nov. 7, 1864. Alonzo B. Adams, enr. as Corp. Sept. .5, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mus- tered out Nov. 7, 1864. John Q. Adams, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Transf. to Bat- tery K April 6, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1804. Frank G. Eechley, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp . Disch. June 8, 1865. Joseph Axford, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864. Mu-tered out Sept. 15, 1864. Robert S. Avery, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Charles Abbott, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865. William Abbott, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Thomas K. Bayard, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1864. Charles H. Bull, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1864. Samuel B. Cole, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1864. Reason B. Case, enl. July 15, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 88, 1864. Frank Dietrich, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Joseph A. Day, enl. Sept. 5, 1861 . Mustered out Nov. 7, 1864. Albert Fahrion, enl. Oct. 15, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 23, 1864. Mustered out July 30, 1865. WiUiam Freeman, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Fayette Green, enl. Oct. 17, 1863. Disch. William Grant, enl. Aug. 4. 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Charles G. Guilford, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Frank Hastings, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Disch. May 18. 1865. Charles L. Hayden, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865. James Hathaway, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Patrick Kelley, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out June. 16, 1865. Conrad Koch, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out Jane 16, 1865. Alonzo D. Lee, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 15, 1864. Henry Long, enl. Aug. 6, 1868. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Ira H. Matthews, enl. Feb. 34, 1864. Disch. May 13, 1865. Henry Mace, enl. July 26, 1868. Transf. to Vet Res. Corps Feb. 27, 1864. 178 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. George Nagle, enl. Aug. 11. 1862. Died in Hosp. at Bridgeport, Ala., Oct. 8, 1864. Charles B. Raedler, enl. Aug. U, 18Q2. Mustered out June 10, 1865. Lester J. Eiclimond, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Erastus H. Strop, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Transt. to Battery K April 6, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 1.5, 1SB4. Levi L. Sawtell, enl. Aug. 2, 1862. Died at Nashville Feb. 24, 1864. Charles L. Smith, enl. Feb. 24, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Bridgeport, Ala., May 21, 1864. Cyrus B. Valentine, enl. Oct. U, 1861. Transf. to Battery K April 6, 1864. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865. James P. Willson. Died of fever in service. William Broa, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Mustered out June 16, 1865. John French, enl. Aug. 12, 1SB2 .Mustered out June 16, 1865. William C. Howe. enl. Aug. 11, 18itt. Transt. to Vet. Res. Corps. Bradford Teachout, enl Aug. 4, 1862. Disoh. Feb. 3, 1864 Lyman B. Richmond, enl. Sept. 5, mn Promoted to Corp. Mustered out n ith the Battery July 22, 1865 . George Reading, enl. Sept 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Cassius C. Mcllrath, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery July 28, 1865. Silas A. Gardner, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. May 13, 1865. Dwight N. Hamlin, enl. Sept. 5, Win. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery July 22, 1865. George Walters, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. Musteied out with the Battery July 22, 1865. Orlando D. Cole, enl. Aug, 11, 1862. Died at Nashville, March 8, 1864. EobertGraham.enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865. Thomas J. Holcomb. enl. Aug. 11. 1862. Mustered out June 16, 1865. BATTERY C. James Storer, enr. as Bugler Oct. 7, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Battery C, Jan. 26. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John S. Carmichael, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery June 15, 1865. Thomas L. Allen, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles C. Crary, enl. Feb. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Albert D. Crary, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. James Cunningham, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Fayette Dickens, enl. Jan 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William Farley, enl. Deo. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Samuel W. Gren, enl. Aug. 30, l'j;4. Mustered out with the Battery. Daniel Hill, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Musiered out with the Battery. George Wilcoz, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Andrew C. Johnson, enl. Aug, 22, 1862. Jlustered out with the Battery. Jesse Long, enl. Jan. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. George Mallory , enl . Dec. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery . Thomas McCarty, enl. Oct. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John Mitchell, enl. Deo. IS. 1863. Mustered out July 28, 1865. Fred. H. Morse, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John H. Morse, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Wilham Mitchell, enl. Feb. 10, 1S64. Mustered out with the Battery. Clay Robinson, enl. Feb. 29, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery. Daniel Sweet, enl. Oct. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. George Sawyer enl. Dec. .30, 1868. Mustered out with the Battery. Jonathan Stafford, enl. Nov. 28, 1863. Mastered out with the Battery. Howard W. Stowe. enl. Feb. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Norman H. Stalker, enl. Feb. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Alexander Thomas, enl. Dec. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Allen Winterstein, enl. Dec. 28, 1863. Mustered out June 17, 1865. Henry Gilbert, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Killed in action atCassville, Ga.. May 18, 1864. Harvey Brown, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Died at JefEersonville, Ind., July 23, 1864. Charles Coffin, enl. Feb. 12, 1863. Died at Marietta, Ga., July 18, 1864. Harmon Haywood, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., April 1, 1864. Charles E. Hemmingway, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Died at Chattanooga, Sept. 19, 1864. Daniel McLaughlin, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Died at Nashville, Teun., April 4, 1864. Stephen J. Parsons, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Died at Bridgeport, Ala., April IS, 1864. William H. Saunders, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Nashville. Feb. 27, 1864. Hansom Storm, enl. Dec. 7, 1863. Died at Jefferson, Ind., Sept. 28, 1864. Oscar Troop, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Nashville, .4pril 14, 1864. Zachariah Blood, enl. Jan . 25, 1864. Disch. Silas Mallory, enl. Jan. 2. 1864. Disch, May 25, 1864. Martin Palmer, enl. April 15, 1864. Wounded May 28, 1864. BATTERY U. Lemuel R. Porter, enr. as 1st Lieut. Sept. 1, 1861. Resigned July 13, 1863. Henry C. Lloyd, enr. as 2nd Lieut Sept. 1, 1861. Promoted to Capt. Battery E, 1st Tenn. Light Art. Oct. 3, 1863. Albert Edwards, enr. as Corp. Batt. G. Nov, 30, 1861. Prom, to 1st Sergt. to 3nd Lieut. Batt. K April 8, 1864, to 1st Lieut. Batt. D May 15, 1865. Mustered out July 15, 1865. Nathaniel M. Newell, enr. as 1st Sergt. Sept. 1, 1861. Promoted to 8nd Lieut. Jan. 1, 1862. Transf. to Batt. G. Henry L. Vincent, enl. Batt. E. Made 1st Lieut. Batt. D. Disoh. Deo. 21, 1864. Moses Y. Ransom, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 5, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. July 13, 1862. Resigned April 15, 1864. William M. Camp, enr. as Sergt. Batt. B Aug. 10, 1861. Prom, to 1st Sergt. Jan. 4, 1864, and to 2nd Lieut. Batt. D March 11, 1865. Mus- tered out July 15, 1865. George B. Newberry. (See Non-Com. Staff.) Cornelius Lineham, enr. as Corp. Sept. 9, 1861. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Musiered out with the Battery. Martin I. Bender, eur. as Corp. Sept. 9, 1861. Warran H. Goss, enl. Sept. 9, 1861. Milford N. Newell, enl. Sept. 5, 1861. George H. Brown, enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Edward Crane, enl. Sept. 8, 1861. Disch. for disability Jan. 2.3, 1665. Newman Koch, enl. Sept. 6, 1861. William Killop, eul. Sept. 15. 1861. Mustered out with the Buttery. James Mackey, enl. Sept. 12, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Christian Owen. enl. Sept. 10, 1861. Mustered out Oct. 27, 1864. Edward T. Pritehard, enl. Aug. 6, 1861. Martin Settling, enl. Aug. 8, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Richard Blood, enl. Feb. 29, 1864.' Mustered out with the Battery. John Coughlin, enl. Feb. 24. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Henry Curtiss, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. George W, Demaline, enl, Feb, 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. George W. Dye, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Michael Farrell, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. James R. Grifflth. enl. Dec, 37, 1863. Disch. July 7. 1865. Edwin Hoyt, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Casper A. Hendershott, enl. March. 7, 1864. Mustered out with Battery. Philip Lovell, enl Feb. 26, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery. George W, Mai-kle, enl. Feb, 12, 1864, Mustered out with the Batteiy. William P. Morrison, enl. Feb, 27, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery. Levi D. Post, enl. Aug. 25, 1868. Disch. May 31, 1865. Henry L, Phillips, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustei ed out with the Battery. Frank M. Root, eul. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. A. H. Richardson, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Left in Hosp. at Raleigh, March 6. 1865. Fred. U. Spink, enl. Jan. 11, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery. Watson D. Savage, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Myron Silsby, enl. March 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Frederick Ellsler, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery, Andrew A. Poe, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corp. June 15, 1864. Killed in action June 17, 1864. Seneca Blood, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Died at KnoxvlUe, Tenn., May 10, 1864. Edwin Bell, enl. March 7. 1864. Died at Alexandria, Va., Feb. 18, 1866. Thomas B. Holness, enl. Aug. 17, 1862. Died in Hosp. at Greensboro, N. C, May 23, 1865. John Shellhorn, enl. Feb. 20. 1864. Died at Atlanta, Ga., July 29, 1864. James Southwood, enl. Aug. 21, 1868. Died at Atlanta, Ga., Oct. 10, 1864. David R. Watson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Disch. June 10, 1865. Fulton Waite, enl. Aug. 10, 1862. Prom to Corp. Disch. June 10, 1866. John F. Adams, enl. Aug. 14, 1863. Disch. June 10, 1865. William Boyd, Jr., enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. James H. Bateman, enl. Aug. 7, 1862 , Disch. June 10, 1865. Peter Cavener, enl. Jan. 3, 1863, Mustered out Jan. 2, 1865. William Cumberworth. enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Jacob M. Demas, enl. Aug. 39, 1804. Disch. June 10, 18J5. Nelson Holcomb, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Disch. May 12, 1866. Burton J. Hoadly, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. . Disch. June 10, 1865. George A. James, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. John G. King, enl. Aug. 18, 1868. Disoh. June 10, 1805. Chester King, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. George Lovell, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Julius D. Mai shall, enl. Feb. 86, 1864. Disch. tor disability Aug. 20, 1864. Daniel Mooney, enl. Jan. 2, 1862. Mustered out Jan. 2, 1865. Frederick Moe, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. James Sangster, enl. Aug. 12, 1868. Disch. June 10, 1865. Sylvester Silsby, enl. Aug. 89, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Albert Smith, enl. Aug. 9, 1868. Disch, June 10, 1865. Charles Stearns, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Henry Steward, enl. Aug. 17, 1868. Disch. June 10, 1865. Daniel A. Tompkins, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Disoh. June 10, 1865. Luke Usher, enl. Aug. 18, 1868. Disch. June 10, 1865. James W. Whitney, enl. Aug. 18, 1862. Disch. June 10, 1865. Trueman C. Gaylord, enl, Feb, 29, 1864. Trans, to Vet. Res. Corps Oct. 4, 1864. Mustered out Aug. 5, 1865. BATTERY E. Warren P. Edgarton. (See Field and Staff.) Andrew Berwick, enr. as 3nd Lieut. Aug. 23, 1861 . Transf. to Batt. K. Albert Reigler, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 23, 1861. Prom, to Batt. A. Henry G. Vincent, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. S3, 1861. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Jan. 25, 1863. Sent to Batt. D. FIEST LIGHT ARTILLERY, ETC. 179 William Fulton, enl. Sept. 26, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 26, 1864. William H. Laughlin, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Ricliard McKeen, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Jacob Westerman, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Pliilander B. Gardner, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery July 10, 1865. John M. Hixon, enl. July 3, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1864. Mus- tered out with the Battery. Cyrus P. McKenzie, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Valentine H. Ault, enl, Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John E. Burrell, enl. Deo. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Wellington F. Brown, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William Carman, enl. Aug. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William O. Davis, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jerome Desmyers, enl. Dec. 3, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Oliver S. Emerson, enl. Oct. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Abram Fowle/, enl. Oct. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph Hoover, enl. July 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John Hart. enl. Dec. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. David James, enl. Oct. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Truman D. Miller, enl. Oct . 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Qeorge W. Mason, enl. Jan. 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Stephen M. Parrish, enl. Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Robert Rockwood, enl. Jan. 6, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Strind, enl. Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. David Shaffer, enl. July 20, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John S. Slooum, enl. Aug. 29, 1884. Mustered out with the Battery. William Yamans, enl. Aug. 29. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. George Bond, enl. Nov. 5, 1861. Mustered out Nov. 5, 1864. Nathaniel Furness, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. for disabiUty March 4, 1863. Rufus H. Law, enl. Oct. 4, 1863. Disch. for disability Jan. 18, 1863. Joshua W. Dewey, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Philo French, enr. as Corp. Aug. 23, 1,S61. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. John W. Luce, enr. as Corp. Aug. 23, 1861. Disch. tor disability Jan. 23, 1864. Francis J. Root, enr. as Corp. Aug. 23, 1861. Disch. for disability June 18, 1862. Elijah M. Strong, enr. as Corp. Aug. 23, 1861. Promoted to Setgt. May 16, 1864. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Nathan B. Harrington, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Thomas S. Berwick, enl. Oct. 7, 1861. Died at Athens, Ala., May 10, 1862. Alfred W. Chapman, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Promoted to Coi-p. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery July 10, 1865. George F. Carman, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Francis M. t rost, enl. Sept. 26, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Sept. 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Francis Jeffrey, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 21, 1862. Disch. for disability May 27, 1864. George B. James, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Charles E. Frost, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 17, 1865. Patrick Nugent, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Disch. for disability Nov. 6, 1862. Anton Seavers, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph Savoy, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out May 28, 1863, on account of wounds received at Stone River Dee. 31, 1862. Walter West, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Mustered out Sep. 1. 1864. Be-enlisted Oct. 12,1864. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., March 17, 1865, Slater West, enl. Aug. 23, 1861 Mustered out with the Battery. Henry O. West, enl. Aug. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Oct. 21, 1862. Mustered out Sept. 1, 1864. Charles Bark, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery July 10, 1865. Edwin B. Brown, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Edmund Claflin, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Died at Nashville, Tenn., Dec. 22, 1862. Ashbel W. Coates, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Furness, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. for disability Jan. 17, 1863. William S. Simpson, enl. Oct. 7, 1861. Mustered out Oct. 7, 1864. James Storer, enr. as Bugler, Oct, 7, 1861. Prom, to Bitt, C. Kellum Smith, enl, Aug. 1, 1862. Disch. April 5, 1863, on account of wounds rec'd at Stone River Dec. 31, 1862. Joseph Lowrey, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery July 10, 1865. BATTERY F. Joseph Bound, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery, July 22, 1865. George Hall, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Lafayette Joiner, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Died in Hosp. at Nashville, June 30, 1864. James Lloyd, enl. Deo. 28, 1863. Transf. to Battery G. Wounded Dec. 19, 1864. Died at Columbia, Tenn., Jan. 12, 1865. Torrence Montague, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles M. Roof, enl. Dee. 28, 1863. Transf. to Battery G. Mustered out Aug. 31, 1865. Joseph Speddy, enl. Die. 24, 1863. Transf. to Battery G. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out Aug. 31, 1865. Charles A. Stackhouse, enl. Dec. 21, 1863. Mustered out with Battery. BATTERY Q. Joseph Bartlett, enr. as Capt. Nov. 16, 1861. Resigned Jan. 21, 1863. Alexander Marshall, enr. as 1st Lieut. Nov. 12, 1861. Promoted to Capi. Feb. 27, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery, Aug. 31. 1865. Nathaniel M. Newell. Transf. from Battery D; made 1st Lieut. Mus- tered out Aug. 31, 1863. Frank W. Edgerton, enl. Deo. 10, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. June 4, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Samuel W. Treat, enr. as Sergt. Deo. 21, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. July 14, 1863. Transf. to Battery A. Robert D. Whittlesey, enr. as Sergt. Deo. 17, 1851. Promoted to 2d Lieut. July 9, 1862; and to 1st Lieut. Jan. 21, 1863. Resigned May 20, 1863. Harmon J. Clarke, enr. as Sergt. Dec. 3, 1861. Mustered out with Batt. George W. Bills, enr. as Sergt. Deo. 21, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut, Nov, 26, 1862; and to 1st Lieut, Aug, 28, 1863, Resigned Jan, 20, 1865, Dwight J, Sheldon, ear, as Sergt. Nov. 23, 1861. Transf. to Co. M March 11, 1864. John White, enr. as 1st Sergt. Dec. 1, 1861. William F. Sliney. Transf. to Battery I. Henry J. Farwell, eur. as Sergt. Nov. 25, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. DeWitt G. Rathbun, eur. as Corp. Nov. 13, 1861. WiUiam Whitehead, enr. as Corp. Nov. 18, 1861. Transf. to Co. M March 11, 1864. Albert Edwards. Transf. to Battery D. Henry Clague, enr. as Corp. Dec. 12, 1831. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. Benj. C. Martin, ear. as Corp. Nov. 25, 1861. Walter H. Davidson, enl. Dec. 23, 1861, Robert Mathison, enl. Dec! 30, 1851. Died in Hosp. at New Orleans, July 25, 1865. Daniel Allen, enl. Dec. 4. 1861. Wounded at Spriag Hill, Tenn., Nov. 29, 1864. Died at Nashville, Deo. 6, 1864. Charles Aiken, enl. Dec. 12, 1861. Peter Anderson, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. John Brogan, enl. Nov. 29, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Henry H. Barnett. enl. Deo. 5, 1861. Martin Branain, enl. Dec. 14, 1881. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. Albert Bishop, enl. Dec. 20, 1861. Thomas Burrows, enl. Dec. 1, 1861. Jacob Bieber, enl. Dee. 14, 1831. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Albert N. Beldon, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Harry Bonner, enl. Nov. 22, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Samuel Brigham, enl. Dec. 23, 1831. Mustered out with the Battery. James H. Clinton, enl. Deo. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corporal. Wounded Nov. 30, 1864. Disch. June 14, 1865. John M. Clinton, enl. Nov. 18, 1881. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. Henry S. Camp. Promoted to Battery K. Henry Cline, enl. Dec. 17, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. John Cline, enl. Dec. 25, 1861. Mustered out May 14, 1865. George B. Cox, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. William S. Carter, enl. Nov. 12, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. John Cartwright, enl. Dec. 6, 1861. David Camp, enl. Nov. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. James Crandall, enl. Nov. 26, 1861. John Doherty, enl. Deo. 17, 1861. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps March 7, 1864. Riley Dayton, enl. Nov. 30. 1861. George Day, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Richard S. Elliott, enl. Nov. 24, 1861. John L. A. Feuton, enl. Dec. 25, 1861. Alexander H. Griswold, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. James C. Hackney, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Elijah Harrington, enl. Nov. 20, 1861. William Harlow, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. Charles Hogeland, enl. Nov. 12, 1861. Thomas Hicks enl. Nov. 13, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. Sheldon C. Hudson, enl. Dec. 35, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. Frank Hunter, enl. Deo. 5, 1561. Mustered out with the Battery. Benjamin Hard, enl. Nov. 19, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Harvey R. J ones, enl. Dec. 5, 1861 . David Johnston, enl. Nov. 26, 1831. Mustered out with the Battery. James Kelley, enl. Dec. 2, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Sidney M. Kellogg, enl. Dec. 7, 1861 . John Lee, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Thomas Lewis, enl. Dec. 16, 1861. John Lilies, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. Thomas Moran, enl. Nov. 21, 1861. Seth Manley, enl. Nov. 12, 1861. John Murphy, enl. Nov. 26, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Clarence L. Marsh, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. 180 TxENEEAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Jobn Marshall, eal. Nov. 51, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. June 18, 186.n. Mustered out with the Battery. John McCauley. (See Non-commissioned Staff.) John McNamara, enl, Dec. 5, 1861. Transf . to Battery M March 11, 1864. Ansel Minor, enl. Dec. 3, 1861. Charles Myers, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Patrick Mackin, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Transf. to Battery M March 11, 1864. Henry Miller, enl. Dec. 23, 1861. Larton Prince, enl. Nov. 29, 1861. Albert Pettis, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. George Peck, enl. Dec. 5, 1861, Wilbur Parmenter, enl. Dec. 3, 1891. Mortimer L. Paddock, enl. Nov. 16, 1861, Prom, to Bait. M. Niles Reese, enl. Nov. 25, 1861. Transf. to Co, M March 11, 1864. Hazen L. Roberts, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Promoted to Corp. June 13, 1865, Mustered out with the Battery, John Eadey, enl, Nov, 14, 1861. Lewis F. Stacks, enl. Dec 3, 1861. William H. Stacks, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Thomas Strong, enl. Nov. 25, 1861. Lawson Stearns, enl. Nov. 20, 1861. Lewis H, Stone, enl. Nov. 25, 1861. Sebastian Sherwood, enl. Nov. 18, 1861. Killed at Franklin, Tenn., Nov. 30, 1864. Charles Smith, enl. Dec. 25, 1861. Edwin N. Taft, enl. Nov. 23, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. June 13, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. William H. Taft, enl. Nov. 23, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Disch, for disa- bility Feb. 1, 1864. Thomas Tracy, enl. Deo. 5, 1861. Jonathan D. Wheeler, Dec. 3, 1861. Transf. to Co. M March 11, 1864, Samuel S. Wheeler, enl. Nov, 26, 1861, Mustered out July 10, 1865, John Wench, enl, Dec. 17, 1861, Transf, to Co. M. March 11, 1864. Henry Wiles, enl. Dee, 17, 1861, Transf. to Co. M March 11, 1864, Joseph Wade, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Philip Kreager. (See Non-Com, Staff.) Alex. M. Clinton, enl, Dec, 28. 1863. Promoted to Corp. Wounded at Franklin, Tenn., Nov, 30, 1864. Disch. June 8, 1865. Carlos S. Cooley, enl. Feb. 29, 1864 Disch. for disability March 31, 1865. Jacob T. Cramer, enl, Feb. 34, 1864. Mustered out May 31, 1865. Washington France, enl, Deo, 23, 1863, Disch. May 25, 1864. Gustave Keyes. enl . Oct. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 13, 1865. John Maher, enl. March 15, 1864. Disch. for disability June 17, 1865, Thomas H. Smith, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Mustered out Jnne 13, 1865, Addison Stockham, enl. Aug, 15, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865, George M, Stockham, enl, Aug, 16. 1862. Mustered out June 1, 1865. George H. Winchell, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Wounded at Franklin, Tenn , Nov. 30, 1864. Disch. March 16, 1865. John B. Wiles, enl , Feb , 25, 1864. Mustered out May 16, 1865. George Waddle enl. March 3, 1864. Disch. for disability June 21, 1865, William U. Sked, enl, Jan. 1, 1862. Transf, to Vet. Res. Coi-ps Feb. 26, 1864. William Duty, enl. Feb. 29, 1864, Transf. to Vet, Res, Corps Sept, 30, 1864, Warren R. Starks, enl, Feb, 25, 1864, Transf, to Vet. Res. Corps. Sept. 4, 1864. Charles A, Whiting, enl, Jan. 1, 1862. Transf, to Co. M. March 11, 1864. Orin S. Carifleld, enl. Oct. 26, 1863, Died at Nashville July 14, 1864, Thomas Munson, enl. Aug. 9, 1864. Died at Nashville March 20, 1865. David P. Malcolm, enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Died nt Nashville July 10, 1864. John McGuire. enl.. Oct. 26, 1863. Died at New Orleans July 26, 1865. John Proctor, enl. Deo. 39, 18B3, Died at Huntsville, Ala,, Jan, 12, 1865. Roswell Stevens, enl. Feb. 35, 1863. Died at Nashville, May 8, 1864. James Kirby, enl. Feb. 34, 1864. Promoted to Corp. June 13, 1865. Mus- tered out with tha Battery. Frank Case, enl. Feb, 29, 1864. Promoted to Corp, June 13, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Battery. John H. Brown, enl. Jan. 5, 1854. ^Mustered out with the Battery, Adam Cash, enl, Dec, -30, 1863, Clustered out with the Battery, Norman Cleveland, enl. Jan. 19, 1S64, Mustered out with the Battery, Simon Dallas, enl. Dec. 33. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Benjamin Fisher, enl. Dee. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. William Frazier, enl. Marchl, 1864. Mustered out with theBatteiy. Arlington P. Hall, enl. Dec, 22. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Casper Harman. enl. Marchl, 1864. Mustered out with the Baltery. Edwin Jones, enl. Feb, 33, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery, James Keough, enl. May 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John Kelley, enl. Feb. 29, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery, John Livingston, enl. March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. WiUiam ."^litchell, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. James Matson, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Theodare Miller, enl. :March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Philip Phifter, enl. Dec. 33, 1863. John Phiffer, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Edward H. Pettis, enl. March 7, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Riddle, enl. Feb, 35, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Petf I- St. George, enl. Jan. 7, l!-64. Mustered out with the Battery. Alfred P Snodgrass, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Edwin Searight, enl. Feb. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Lorenzo Stacey, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas J, Smith, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out July 15, 1865. William Stewart, enl. Jlarch 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Hugh Stewart, enl, March 25, 1864. Mustered out with the I'altery. Charles H Taggart, enl. Deo. 7. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas E. Wagner, enl. Jan. 5, 1854. Mustered out with the Battery. John F. Miller, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. John Schreiber, enl. Aug 9, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. Alonzo C Waters, enl, Aug, 9, 1862, Mustered out June 13, 1865. Patrick Burke, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Feb. 26, 1864 Returned to the Battery and was mustered out with it. James W. House, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 13, 1865. Chandler Waters, enl. Aug. 9, 1862, Promoted to Corp. Mustered out June 13. 1865. Charles A. Calhoun, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. Luke D Eddy, enl. Aug. 16, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. Oscar L. Hosmer. enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. John Litsel, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out June 13, 1865. BATTERY H. Thomas H. Bartlett, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Sept. 28, 1861. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Co. K. Lorenzo D. Whitney, enl. Aug. 27. 1864. Mustered out June 14. 1865. Lucien L. Phillips, enl. Nov. 17, 1861. Mustered out Nov. 17, 1864. BATTERY I, William F, Sliney, enr. as Sergt. Nov. 12, 1861. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. May 31,1863; to 1st Lieut. Battery I, Sept. 14, 1864. Mustered out July 24, 1865. Charles F, Chase, enl, June 7, 1861, Co. B, 7th Inf. Trans, to Battery I, Dec, 5, 1861, Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Sept. 25, 1832. Declined a second promotion. Mustered out July 24, 1865. George H. Simmonds, enl. June 10, 1861, Co. B, 7th Inf. Trans. Dec. 5, 1861. Mustered out July 24, 1865. Albert A. Woolsey. enl. June 5, 1861. Transf. Dec. 5, 1861. BATTERY K. Andrew Berwick, transf. from Batt. E. Prom to 1st Lieut. Battery K, Jan. 21, 1865. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865. Henrys. Camp, enl. Nov. 12, 1861. Prom to 2nd Lieut. Batt K, Jan 7, 1862, and to 1st Lieutenant March 27, 1862. Died Sept. 15, 1S62, from wounds received at Cedar Mountain, Va. Thomas H. Bartlett. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Sept. 14, 1862. Resigned Oct, 1, 1863. Edwin C. Burns, enl, Nov. 33, 1861. Transf. to Invalid Corps Jan. 7, 1864. Charles M. Shirley, enl. Feb. 1, 1863. Prom, to 1st Sergt. May 1, 1862; to 2nd Lieut. Nov. 2, 1863; to 1st. Lieut. Sept. 24, 1863. Disch. Oct. 15, 1863, for disability caused by wounds received at Gettysburg, July 1, 1863. William Cobblediok, enl. Oct. 20, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 16 1865. Phillip Derringer, enl, Oct. 29, 1861. Disch. Dec. 31, 1862. Milo Gage, enl. Nov. 1, 1861. Transf. to Battery B. Dec. 1, 1861, Mus tered out July 22, 1865. Charles Herrig. enl. Oct. 20, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865. John Irvine, enl, Nov, 20, 1861, Promoted to Sergt. Sept. 12, 1864. Mus- tered out with the Battery . Henry Blackford, enl, Jan. 15, 1862. Disch. for disability Nov. 10, 1862. William W, Burnham, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Taken prisoner July 22, 1863. Died at Andersonville, June 21, 1864. David Brooks, enl. enl. March 21. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John C. Coover, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Transf. to the Navy April 9, 1864. William Clark, enl. Jan. 15, 1862. Mustered out Feb. 20, 1865. John A. Davidson, enl. Sept 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John S, Danks, enl. Dec, 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Dillon, enl. May 31. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William Eddy, enl . May 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Batter y, Richard C. Ferry, enl, Jan, 18, 1864, Mustered out with the Battery. Timothy Gorman, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William George, enl. Aug. 29, 1862, Missing since battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 1883. Jacob F, Henry, enl, Feb. 1, 1862. Transf. to Inv. Corps Dec 25, 1864. Mustered out Feb. 20, 1865. Charles Hitchcock, enl. Feb. 1, 1863. Disch. for disabiUty April 14, 1863. Ernest Hey se, enl, Feb. 1. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. David Hewitt, enl. Aug. 27, 1863, Disch. for disability March 11, 1863. John Heffron, enl. Dec. 18, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Findley Hiddleson, enl. March 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Karr, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John Kern, enl. Oct. 30, 1861. Mustered out Jan. 16, 1865. Charles Klasgye, enl. Feb. 1. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William Klasgye, enl. March 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Martin Kirkbride, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Leary, enl. Jan. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. THE INDEPENDENT BATTERIES, ETC. 181 Thomas Lewis, enl. Aug. 14, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Leander Little, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Frederick Minor, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Adam Olhoff, enl. Feb. 1, 18B2. Disoh. for disability Nov. 8, 1862. ■ Lewis Opert, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Killed at Gettysburg July 1, 1863. Henry B. Peacock, enl. Aug. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Edwin R. Potter, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Benjamin Potter, enl. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out June 13, 1864. Elmer H. Rand, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jlussell P. Reed, enl. March 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. George Sander, enl. Jan. 1.5, 1 .62. Mustered out Feb. 20. 1865. Edmund F. Stafford, enl. Feb. 3, 1862. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Aug. 1, 1863. Mustered out Feb. 20, 186B. John A. Snyder, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Disch. for disability Oct. 17, 1762. Jacob Snyder, enl. Aug. 22, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Stein, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. George Winchester, enl. Aug. 26, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Transf. to the Navy April 9, 1864. BATTERY L. Theodore C. Weed, enl. Sept. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery July 4, 1865. Nathan Clause, enl. Nov. 28, 1861. Disch. tor disability Sept. 27, 1862. JuUus C. Trumbull, enl. Dec. 18 1861. BATTERY M. Mortimer L. Paddock, Batt. G. Prom, to 2nd Lieut. Batt. M Nov. 26, 1862, and to 1st Lieut. March 30, 1864. Mustered out Nov. 14, 1864. SECOND REGIMENT HEAVY ARTILLERY. COMPANY M. George Beckwith enl. Feb. 36, 1864. Mustered out with the Co . Aug. 23, 1865. John Curtin, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Frank Mo den, enl . Feb. 9, 1864, Mustered out with the Co. Elias Rogers, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Vanness Sherwood, enl. Feb. 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Stephen C. Warner, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Heni-y Chase, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865. Owen Chase, enl. Aug. 31. 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865. Gordon H. Shepard, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Disch. June 17, 1865. CHAPTER X XXVI. THE INDEPENDENT BATTERIEd, ETC. General Remarks— The Sixth Battery a part of John Sherman's Brig- ade — It opens the Battle of Mill Springs — The Advance on Corinth- Silencing a Rebel Battery at Stone River— Guns lost and retaken- Inflicting a Crushing Defeat— Its Part at Chickamauga— The At- lanta Cmpaaign— In the Thick of the Fight at Franklin— The End of Service — Members from Cuyahoga County— The Ninth Battery raised for the Forty-first Infantry— A Small Beginning— Gallantry at Mill Springs— Cumberland Gap— Skirmishes in 1863— Re-enlist- ment— The Atlanta Campaign, etc- Mustered out— The Cuyahogians — The Fifteenth Battery— Off to the Front— Grand Junction and Coldwater Creek— Vioksburg and Jackson— The Raid through Missis- sippi—To Northern Georgia— Its Numerous Services in the Atlanta Campaign— Through the Carolinas- Citizens Again— The Cuyahoga List— The Nineteenth a Cuyahoga Battery— Its Intelligence and Standing— Enthusiasm on their Departure— Service in Kentucky— A Grateful People— A Section, at McConnellsville— A Frenzied Vil- lage—The First Skirmish of the Nineteenth — The Enemy runs away— His Capture resulting— With Burnside to East Tennessee- Capture of Cumberland Gap— The Defense of Knoxville— A Section in Fort Saunders— The Terrible Defeat of the Rebels— Setting forth for Atlanta— Opening Fire on the Works at Atlanta— The Battle of Nashville— Off to North Carolina— Its Services there— In Service no longer— The Residents of Cuyahoga— Another Battery from this County— Trouble among the Officers- Engaged at Chickamauga^ The Atlanta Campaign — Guarding Sherman's Flanks — Defeating Wheeler at Dalton — A Section surrendered — The Other Two with Thomas— Franklin and Nashville— Stationed at Chattanooga— Mus- tered out— The Cuyahoga Men — The Twenty -first Batteiy guards Vallandigham— Watching Morgan— Fight at Walker's Ford, Tennes- see—Services in Tennessee and Alabama— Return and Muster out— Twenty-flfth Battery— Gen. Blunfs Detail— The Victories of New- tonia and Prairie Grove— Made the Twenty-fffth Ohio Battery- Service in Missouri and Arkansas— Fighting North of Little Rock- Mustered out in August, 1865— Cuyahoga Members— Fifth United States Colored Infantry— Begun as the One Hundred and Twenty-sev- enth Ohio— Slow Recruiting— Changed to the Fifth Colored Infantry— In Virginia — Storming the Hights before Petersburg — Capturing New Market Hights— Terrible Loss— North Carolina— End of Service —List of Cuyahoga Soldiers. Besides the regiments of light and heavy artillery, tliere were twenty-six independent batteries of light 23 a artillery raised in Ohio during the war; each having a hundred and fifty officers and men, including a captain, two first lieutenants and two second lieuten- ants. Six of these contained delegations from Cuya- hoga county, and of these we give a slight account in the succeeding pages. SIXTH BATTERY. This originally formed a part of a brigade recruit- ed under the supervision, and largely through the exertions, of Senator (now Secretary) Sherman, which was consequently known as John Sherman's brigade. It was organized near Mansfield in Novem- ber, 1861, and contained during the war eighteen members from Cuyahoga county. It served in vari- ous parts of Kentucky during the following wiutei', and its presence on the Cumberland brought on the battle of Mill Springs. It reached Pittsburg Land- ing soon after the battle, and took part in the advance on Corinth. From the 39th of April to the end of its service it was always in the brigade or division of G-en. Wood. The battery participated in the pursuit of Bragg into Kentucky, and was present at Perry- ville though not engaged. At Stone River the Sixth silenced a rebel battery on the first day; the next, while detached from its regular position to check the overwhelming advance of the rebels against McCook's corps, it was tempora- rilv outflanked and two guns were captured, which, however, were retaken a quarter of an hour later. The third day it was a part of the massed artillery which inflicted a crushing defeat on the advancing foe. On the fourth day (January 2d) the Sixth withdrew at one time on account of a rear fire from another Union battery, but soon took part in the final conflict which decided the victory in favor of the National forces. The next autumn, at Chickamauga, the bat- tery was warmly engaged; having eight officers and men killed and wounded. Having re-enlisted in December, the Sixth took part in the Atlanta campaign the next spring; being engaged almost every day from Dalton to Atlanta. Returning with the Fourth corps, the battery was in the very hottest part of the battle of Franklin, and aided materially in gaining that decisive victory. It went through much arduous but not dangerous ser- vice after this, and was mustered out in September, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. David Baughman, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Transf . to Vet. Res. Corps April 21, 1865. Disch. Aug. 30, 1865. Thomas Goyette, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery Sept 1, 1865. James M. Hawk, enl. March 24, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Daniel McGruvy, enl. Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Patrick O'Hearn, enl. Feb. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John Scott, enl. Feb. 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph Timmens. enl. Feb. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Stephen Welch, enl. Feb. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Burnett, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Disch. June 12, 1865. John Costello, enl. Sept. 5, 1864. Disch. June 12. 1865. Orcellus Flowers, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Disch. June 12, 1865. George Falk, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Disch. June 12, 1865. Joseph KempUn, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Disoh. June 12, 1865. 182 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA OOUKTY. WUliam Morley, enl. Aug. S7, 1864. Discli. June 12, 1865. WiUiam MoGruvy, enl. Aug. 37, 1864. Disch. June 12. 1865 Benedict Schilling, enl. Sept. 1, 1864. Disch. June 12, 1X6.5. Robert S. Treen, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Disch June 12, 1865. Thomas Benton, enl. Nov. 17, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps Dec. 38 1864. NINTH INDEPENDENT BATTERY. This command, originally intended to form a por- tion of the Forty-first Infantry, was organized October 11, 1861, for three years service, with three commis- sioned officers, eighty men and tour guns, but after- wards became a full battery. During the war it had thirty-two members from Gu\-ahoga county. It left Cleveland for Kentucky on the 7th of December, and, after remaining in camp upwards of a month, participated in the battle of Mill Springs; receiving from Gen. Thomas, on account of its gallant services on that occasion, two bronze guns captured from the enemy. Subsequently the Ninth fought at Cumber- land Gap, where it was under a seven hours continu- ous fire, and shared in the numerous movements which resulted in the capture of that stronghold in June, 1863, as well as in the hardships of the retreat which was subsequently found to be necessary. After being increased to a six gun battery it served with the army of the Cumberland until the next spring; was smartly engaged with the enemy at Franklin and Triune, Tenn., and during June and July, 1863, had several skirmishes near Triune and Murfreesboro. Exciting but not important exper- iences attended the battery until February '12. 1864, when forty men of the original organization re-enlisted as veterans and returned to Cleveland. On the 9th of April, 1864, it appeared for duty at Tullahoma, Tenn., whence in May it departed with Sherman in the Atlanta campaign, and took an active part in the many battles of that al'duous but glorious struggle. It also attended him in his " Marcli to the Sea,'' per- forming good service whenever called upon, and was eventually mustered out at Cleveland on the 25th of July, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Edwin Cowles, enr. as Sergt. Oct. 11, 1861. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. 12, 1862. Resigned April 20, 1864. Albert Eves, enl. Feb. 28. 1864. Promoted to Corp. May 18, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Battery. Selby Ashcraft, enl. March 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Buchanan, enl . Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John Blodgett, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Ransom Brown, enl. March 10, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John H. Bullock, enl. March 9, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Adrian Brown, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Bennett, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Walter W. Clough, enl. Feb. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank Dufresul, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank E. Eggleston, enl. Dec. 23, 1863. Mustered outwith the Battery. John K. Ensworth, enl. Feb. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Lucius Fowler, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles T. Hansard, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered outwith the Batteiy. Alonzo P. Jacques, enl. March 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Seth Knowles, enl. March 2.5. 1864. JIustered out with the Battery. David A. Kelso, enl. March 16. 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Light, enl. Jan. 3, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John Mehan, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Eugene A. Pendleton, enl. March 10, 1864. Mustered out with Battery. Charles A. Robinson, enl. Dec. 31. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. William H. Schoffer, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Ransom L. Smith, enl. Dec. 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Josiah M. Smith, enl. Dec. 17, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Delmar Stevens, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Clare Thompson, enl. March 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery, John Vandervert, enl. Aug, 30, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865. Caleb Williams, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865. Thomas J. Willi ms, enl. Aug. 27, 1864. Disch. June 16, 1865. Henry M. Starin, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Disch. Feb. 28, 1863. Phineas W. Sherman, enl. Feb. 16, 1864. Disch. June 28, 1864. FIFTEENTH BATTERY. Recruited in the counties of Trumbull, Ashtabula, Cuyahoga and Lorain, the Fifteenth battery was mus- tered in for three years, February 1, 1863, reported to General Grant at Pittsburg Landing April 3d, and as a part of the Fourth division participated in the siege of Corintli. It did some brilliant work in a skirmish near Grand Junction, Tenn., in September, 1862; fought in the battle of Motamora on the 5th of October; and w; s in the thick of the fight at Cold Water Creek, on the 19th of April, 1863. The battery went down the Mississippi with Gen. Grant; was on the front line during the siege of Vicksburg. and was engaged in July at Jackson, Mississippi. After operating on the Mississippi and lying in camp at Vicksburg until February, 1864, it marched eastward with Sherman against the enemy at Meridian, Enterprise and Quit- man, Mississippi, and then returned to Vicksburg, where thirty-six of its men re-enlisted. After recruiting, the battery joined Sherman in Northern Georgia, fought in the battles at Kenesaw mountain, was occupied in severe skirmislies and en- gagements on theNicojack and ChattaJioociiie rivers, and was present at the capture of the Augusta rail- road near Decatur, Ga. It did very important work in the bloody fight of July 23d, when Gen. McPher- son was killed ; and on the 28th of the same month it was the only battery engaged on the National side when Hood vainly hurled two corj)s against the forces commanded by Logan. The Fifteenth was also in Sherman's flank movement upon the rear of Atlanta, and was warmly engaged at the battles of Jonesbor- ough and Lovejoy's Station. It went down to the sea with Sherman, took part in the siege of Savannah, mai'ched through the Oaro- linas, and was present at Gen. Johnston's surrender. After having fought in thirty battles and skirmishes, and traveled more than five thousand miles, the Fif- teenth was mustered out at Columbus on the 30th of June, 1865. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Edwin F. Reeve, enr. eis 2nd Lieut. Jan. 7, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. Deo. 81, 1862. Resigned June 16, 1864. Lyman Bailey, enr. Jan. 27, 1862. Prom, to 2nd Lieut July 30, 1864. and to 1st Lieut. April 22, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Styles E. Sturges, enr. as Corp. Jan . 2, 1862. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Dec. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery June 20, 1865. William Ames, enL Nov. 20, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. John Becktol, enl. Jan. 24, 1862. Died at Natchez, Miss., 1863. Thomas Hewlett, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Merwin Webb, enr. as Corp. Dec. 8, 1861. Died in Hosp. at Natchez, Miss. Robert Henry, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Promoted to Sergt. Dec. 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Hughes, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Died at Memphis, Tenn.. Dec. 24, 1862. George Ingraham, enl. Jan. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Paul Kamerer, enl. Jan. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Btatery. THE INDEPENDENT BATTEEIES, ETC. 183 Edward Kimberly, enl. Jan. 30, 1863. Diach. for disability Nov. 11, 1b62. John Kennely, enl. Jan. 30. 1862. Disch. for disability Oct. 16, 1863. Hoxle E. Landphear, enl. Jan. 27, 1863. Died at LouisTille, Ky., April 1, 1862. Anthony Moran, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out Jan. 31, 1865. Thomas McGovern, enl. Feb. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John W. Spencer, enl. Jan. 23, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Stokes, enl. Jan. 32, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. March 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Co. Henry Stokes, enl. Jan. 23, 1862. tiled in Hosp. at Cincinnati. Charles True, enl. Jan. 29, 1862. Died at Vicksburg, Miss., Aug. 9, 1863. Thomas F. Ware, enl. Jan. 20, 1862. Disch. for disability Aug. 15, 1862. Williani R. Ware, enl. Jan. 20, 1862. Disch. for disabiUty Aug. 15, 1862. Enos A. Wait, enl. Deo. 11, 1861. Mustered out Deo. 23, 1864 Albert French, enl. Aug. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Martin H. Murphy, enl. March 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Hattery. Henry Tegardine, enl. Aug. 31, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteay. Martins. Weeks, enl. March 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Lester Pancoast, enl. March 11, 1864. Disch. for disabihty Aug. 16, 1864. Thomas Keiley, eur. as Corp. Dec. 7, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864. Albert Potter, enr. as Corp. Dec. 7, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864. Thomas Andrews, enl. Dtc. 13, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864. Thomas Bennington, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Died at Naiohez, Miss.. Novem- ber, 1863. Cassius V. Briggs, enl. Dec. 10, 1861. Died at Bowling Green. Ky., Jan- 1, 1863. ■ Royal French, enl. Dec. 7, 1861. Mustered out Dec. 18, 1864. George Gerner, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Killed at Cold Water, Miss., Apiil 19, 1863. John Langton, eul. Dec. 5, 1861. Promoted to Corp. Dec. 30, 1864. Mus- tered out with the Battery June 30, 1S65. Orson W. Rice, eul. Dec. 17, 1861. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles H. Wilson, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Died inHosp. at Vicksburg, 1864. Lyman D. Wescott, enl. Dec. 5, 18H1. Discli. for disability June 8, 1862. Samuel York, enl. Dec. 11, 1861. Promoted to Corp. March 1, 1865. Mus- tered out with the Battery. Mortimer F. Paddock, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John L. Davis, enl. Dec. 5, 1861. Disch. for disability Dec. 26, 1863. NINETEEXTH BATTERY.* It is something less than a skeleton — only a few disjointed bones— tljat we can pick out from the very interesting production mentioned in the foot-note, and place before our readers. The Nineteenth was raised at Cleveland by Capt. Joseph C. Shields, (being commonly called Shields' Battery,) in July, August and September, 1862; and its members, according to the records, were, with two or three exceptions citizens of Cuyahoga county. They were almost all men of good standing, and the historian of the battery boldly claims that it was the best edu- cated and most intelligent body of men that served during the war. After having a good time in camp until the 5th of October, the men, not yet provided with guns, set out for Kentucky, marching through the city to the depot escorted by the militia organizations, and cheered by tens of thousands of admiring friends — for all were then the soldiers' friends. Having re- ceived their armament, they served through the winter, and the spring of 1863, at Lexington, Frank- fort, Richmond and Danville, undisturbed by the enemy, and always managing to extract all the pleas- sure possible from among the " lights and shadows of army life. " About the 1st of June the battery was attached to the Twenty-third army corps, under Gen. HartsufE, and moved southward. Ere long, however, it Avas ordered to return, and on the 13th of July it reached Cincinnati, then in a state of intense alarm on account * From T. E. Trade's "Annals of the Nineteenth Ohio Battery. " of the operations of the celebrated and ubiquitous John Morgan. The citizens collected by thousands, and every soldier was a hero who it was hoped would rescue the city from the dreaded gang of plunderers. At Hamilton, whither the battery immediately went, the generosity of the frightened citizens knew no bounds, and it was currently reported that one ener- getic artillerist accepted four invitations and ate four breakfasts before ten o'clock, a.m. The battery soon returned to Cincinnati, and moved eastward to guard the Ohio and prevent Morgan from escaping. On the 30th of July Lieut. Dustin, with two guns, went up the Muskingum on a steamer, accompanied by four hundred hastily-levied " squirrel hunters." Within two miles of McConnelsville, the county seat of Morgan county, a courier dashed up with information that Morgan was marching rapidly on that town. All were immediately landed, and the section galloped forward (followed by the "squirrel hunters"), into the little town, which was probably in a state of greater excitement than it has ever been at any other time, before or since; half the people running about the streets with valuables, uncertain what to do to save themselves from the great raider. Seven miles up the river the little command met Morgan's advance, and promptly opened fire. The rebels were so surprised that they immediately turned and fled, followed by a copious discharge of shot and shell from the two guns. Thus it happened that the first shot fired at the enemy from any of the guns of the Nineteenth Battery were discharged in the State of Ohio; a result quite uulooked for by those who had set out for southern battlefields near ten months be- fore. On the section returning to McConuellsville, all previous expressions of enthusiasm were completely thrown in the shade by the gratitude of the rescued citizens. The little skirmish had quite important con- sequences, as it deranged Morgan's plans and delayed his escape so long that he was soon captured. After returning to Kentucky the Nineteenth moved with Gen. Burnside to Knoxville, in East Tennessee, thence turning northward and aiding in the capture of the great stronghold of Cumberland Gap. Eeturn- ing to Knoxville, the battery engaged in its first serious conflict with the enemy during the siege of that place by Longstreet, in November. All the guns were actively engaged, and one section was in Fort Saunders, the central point of the Union lines, when it was attacked by the rebels on the morning of the 29th of November, and the grape and canister of the Nineteenth aided in inflicting one of the most crush- ing defeats of the war; nearly two thousand rebels being killed and wounded in forty minutes, while the killed and wounded of the Union side only numbered thirty. Soon after, Longstreet abandoned the siege. After arduous service in East Tennessee during the winter and early spring, the battery moved, in May, 1864, on the Atlanta campaign. It was en- gaged at Resiica, Cassville, Pumpkin Vine 0.1'eek, Kenesaw Mountain, New Hope Church etc., and 184 GENERAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. was the first to open fire on the rebel fortifications at Atlanta. After the fall of that place it returned to Nashville, and took part in the great battle in front of that city, which finally crushed the hopes of the am- bitious Hood. The next move was a long one, made in February, 1865, to North Carolina. There, however, there was little left to do, and after taking part in the closing movements of the war it returned to Cleveland in June, and on the 29th of that month was mustered out of the service. MEMBERS FROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Joseph C. Shields, enr. as Capt. July 28, 1863. Resigned Sept. 15, 1864. Frank Wilson, enr. as 1st Lieut. July 38, 1863. Promoted to Capt. Nov. 14. 1864, Mustered out with the Battery June 37, 1865, William Dustin, enr. as 1st Lieut. July 38, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles B. Harris, enr, as 3nd Lieut, July 28, 1863, Promoted to 1st Lieut, Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Robertson Smith, enr, as 3nd Lieut. July 38, 1862, Resigned Feb, 3, 1863, John N, Estabrook, enr. as 1st Sergt. Aug. 13, 1863. Promoted to 2nd Lieut. Aug. 1, 1863, 'Mustered out with the Battery, James W. Grimshaw, enr, as Sergeant Aug. 11, 1863. Promoted to 3nd Lieut. Feb. 1, 1865, Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas J. Poole, enr. as Q. JI. Sergt, Aug, 4, 1862, Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Feb. 7, 1864. Pardon B. Smith, enr. as Sergt, Aug, 9, 1862. Prom, to Q, M. Sergeant. Mustered out with the Battery. James 31. Johnson, enr. as Corp. A.ug, 12, 1863. Prom, to Q, M, Sergeant, Disch. March 33, 1864, Robert D. Hanna, enr, as Sergt, Aug, 13, 1862. Transf , to Vet. Res. Corps April 1, 1865. Disch, July 8, 1865. Arthur P. Gray, enr. as Sergt. Aug, 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery, Charles Luck, enr, as Sergt, Aug, 13, 1863, Disch, for disability Jan, 19, 1865, Thomas J. Hudson, enr, as Sergt, Aug, 6, 1862, Mustered out June 8, 1865, Simon W, Killam, enr, as Corp, Aug, 9, 1S63. Mustered out with the Battery, Eh H. Simpkins, enr, as Corp, Aug. 6, 1862, Promoted to Sergt. Mus- tered out with the Battery, Alexander G. Cassell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Sergt- Disch. Feb. 2,1864. George R. Campbell, enr. as Corp. Aug. 12, 1862. Disch. March 19, 1864, Noi-man Champney, enr. as Corp, Aug, 7, 1862. Promoted to Sergeant. Mustered out with the Battery. William A. Bruner, enr. as Corp. July 3], 1863, Mustered out with Battery. William G. Byron, enr. as Corp, Aug, 6, 1863. Transf. to Vet, Res, Corps April 1, 1865, Mustered out July 9, 1865, Asahel B, Peters, enr, as Corp. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Jan, 19. 1865, Mustered out with the Battery, Edward F, Brown, enr, as Corp, Aug. 11. 1862. Disch. Feb. 29. 1864, George H. Barber, enr. as Corp, Aug, 8. 1863. William H, Storer, enr. as Bugler, Aug, 11, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery. Edward Byerly, enr. as Bugler, Aug, 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Henry W. Redhead, enl. Aug, -7, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, John H, Van Luven, enl, Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with ihe Battery. James A. Wilson, enl, Aug. 6, 1863, Disch. for disability Dec, 37, 1864, James W, Allen, enl, Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John Andrews, enl, Aug. 8, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery, Thomas J, Armstrong, enl, Aug, 13, 1863, Mustered out with Battery, Joseph Armstrong, enl, Aug. 13, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Jan. 19, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Ira Bruner, enl. July 31, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Horatio ti. Bufflngton, enl. Aug. 6, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, Charles E. Barrows, enl, Aug, 12, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Feb. 1, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. Jolm Bassett, enl. Aug, 12, 1861, Mustered out with the Battery, Albert Bishop, enl, Aug, 11, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery. Guy Ball, enl, Aug, 12, 1863. Died at Frankfort, Ky., Jan. 27. 1863, Alfred B.ites. en], Aug, 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Batteiy Marx Buhl, enl, Aug. 5, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Alonzo Barrett, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Batt«ry. Frank D. i.ostwick, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery, John E. Bradford, enl. Aug. 12, 1863. Disch. for disability Feb, 8, 1864. Wjlliim R. urger, enl, Aug. 7, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery.' John C. Bissell, enl. Aug, 11, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery. William Burton, enl, Aug, 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John M. Concklin, enl. Aug. 13, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Tattery. Edwin J. Cobb, enl, Aug, 11, 1863, Disch, Jan. 14, 1864. James T. Carter, enl Aug. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Bat'ery, Melvin R. Carter, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William H. Cook, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery, Joseph B. Crouch, enl, Aug, 7, 1862, Mustered out June 2-3, 1865. William Childs, enl, Aug, 7, 1862, Mustered out June 3, 1865, Alexander Chevalia. enl, Aug, 4, 1863, Disch, May 13, 1864, Henry Curtis, enl, Aug, 3, 1863, Disch, March 34, 1865. Solon O. Campbell, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. July 26, 1863, Drury F, Dryden, enl, Aug. 12, 1863, Promoted to Corp, Mustered out with the Battery, John B, Douglass, enl, Aug, 11, 1862, Left in Hosp, at Knoxville, Tenn. Feb, 8, 1864, Edwin C, Dixon, enl. Aug, 6, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, Edmund W, Davis, enl, Aug, 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery, Harry Ellsler, enl, Aug, 8, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, George Flower, enl, Aug, 11, 1863, Promoted to Corp, Mustered out with the battery, Horatio J. Foote, enl, Aug. 5, 1863, Transf. to Vet, Res, Corps April 1, 1865. Disch, July 7, 1865. Samuel T, Ferguson, enl, Aug, 8, 1862, Died at Chattanooga July 7. 1864, from wounds rec'd in action. Adam Glib, enl. Aug, 11 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, Thomas Gearity, enl, Aug, 6, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery, Austin C, Gaskill, enl, Aug, 11, 1863, Disch, for disability March 34, 1863. Jasper N. Gibbons, enl, Aug, 12, 1862, Disch, for disability Aug, 13, 1864, Oscar E, GifEord, enl, Aug, 11, 1863, Promoted to Hosp, Steward of 8th Tenn. Cav. Merrick Gould, enl. Aug. 7, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, Frank Gilbert, enl. Aug. 9, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John D. Galvey, enl. Aug, 11, 1863. Sent to Hosp. July 39, 1864, George A, Haver, enl, Aug, 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Hartman, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery, James Y. Hiddleson, enl. Aug. 11, 1863, Disch, April 6. 1863, Theodore N, Harrington, enl. Aug. 5, 1863. Mustered out with Battery. Joseph C. Huston, enl Aug. 8, 1863. Mustered out July 17, 1865, Jeremiah M. Hower, enl. Aug, 13, 1863, Disch, April 4, 1865, Michael Houck, enl, Aug, 13, 1868, Mustei-ed out with the Battery, James Hendricks, enl, Aug, 3. 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, William J. Hartzell, enl, Aug, 1, 1863. Clustered out with the Battery. Heman H, Hubbard, enl, .Aug. 5, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, John Hill, enl, Aug. 5, 1863. Disch. for disability March 24, 1863. John Honoddle, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. Philip D, Hecker, enl, Aug, 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery, Wi.liam Hecker, enl, Aug, 9, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, Frederick Hodel, enl, Aug, 9. 1863. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov, 3, 1863, Samuel F, Herrick, enl, Aug, 11, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, William Hogan, enl. Aug. 11. 1863. Piomi ted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Alphonso Hard, enl. Aug, 11, 1E63, Disch, for disability April 27, 1866. Wallace Hsrper, enl. Aug, 11, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery. R. H. House, enl. Aug, 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery, Andrew J. Kelley, enl, Aug, 9, 186., Mustered out with the Batteiy. Edward W, Kidney, enl, Aug, 12, 1662. Mustered out June 6. 1866. Rudolphus M. Kreidler, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Promoted to Ist Sergt. Feb. 1, 1865, Mustered out with the Battery. Albert J. Ketchum, enl. Aug 11, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery, Martin V, B, Leeper, enl, Aug. 13, 1862. Transf. to Vet, Res. Corps April 1, 1S65. Disch. July K, 1865. Martin Leonai d, enl, Aug, 11, 1S62. Mustered out wi'h the Battery, John Lowe, enl, Aug, 11, 1862. Transf. to the Xavy June 27, 1864. William Maier, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery, Edwin C, Morse, enl. Aug, 11, 1862. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., March 1, 1864. Delos R. Marks, enl, Aug. 5, 1863. Died at Lexington, Ky. Jan. 17, 1863, Robert G, Marcellus, enl, Aug, 9, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery, Andrew F. McGhee, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Disch. Feb. 8, 1863. William Messinger, enl. Aug, 1, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Marx, enl, .\ug, 8, 1863, Mustered out with the Battery. Luke R. Mui-phy, enl. Aug. 11, 1863. Disch. March 4, 1863, John Moore, enl. Aug, 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Walter >;orton, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Feb. 1, 1866. Mustered out with the Battery. Jeremiah W Nash, enl. Aug. 6, 1863. Died at Knoxville, Tenn., May 10, 1864. Joseph M. Odell, enl. Aug, 5, 1863, Promoted to Corp, Mustered out with the Battery, Artemus T. Proctor, enl. July 31, 1863, Jlustered out with the Battery. George M. Patterson, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John C. Quinlan, en], Aug. 11, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Stephen G. Remington, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery- THE INDEPENDENT BATTEKIES, ETC. 185 Harrison H. Remington, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with Battery. James L. Reed, enl. Aug. 4, 1863. Died at Stanford, Ky., July 2, 1863. Edwin C. Root, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John Reese, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. George H. Root, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. Feb. 29, 1864. John Risley, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Henry B. Smith, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Elhert B. Simons, enl. Aug. 5, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Solon C. Storm, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob K. Stueker, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph Strine, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Samuel Sunderland, enl. Aug. 1, 1862. Disch. for disability July 8, 1864. William J. SpaflEord, enl. Aug. 6, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery. Smith Riley, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Alexander B. Stevens, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Mustered out wiih the Battery. James H. Stanford, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. ■William K. Scott, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. June 19, 1863. Benjamin L. Sampson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Robert Thompson, enl. Aug. 13, 1862 Mustered out with the Battery. Theodore C. W. Trade, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Ellis D. Torrey, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability March 4, 1863. Charles H. Viall, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John Watkins, enl. Aug. 9, 1862. Prom, to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Victor E. Williams, enl. Aug. 13, 1862. Disch. Jan. 24, 1864. Andrew Wolf, enl. Aug. 1, 1882. Mustered out with the Battery. George Williams, enl. Aug. 4, 1862. Transf. to the Navy June 27, 1864. Erastus R. Waite, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Orrin L. Waite, enl. Aug. 6, 1862. Killed in action June 29, 1864. Richard H, Williams, enl. Aug. 7, 1862. Disch. Harvey S. Welch, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. for disability April 4, 1863. John Wolcott, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Disch. for disability March 3, 1863. Christian Waltz, enl. Aug. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Edward C. Fairchild, enl. July 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. John N. Bamum, enl. Aug. 20, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Eldon G. Dixon, enl. Feb. 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Erastus H. Fox, enl. March 23, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Allen Monroe, enl. March 83, 1864. Mustered outwith the Battery. TWENTIETH BATTERY. This was another purely Cuyahoga-county institu- tion; having originally a hundred and fifty-six men, under Capt. Louis Smithnight, but being filled up with recruits from time to time it had no less than a hundred and ninety-six men on its roll. It left Camp Taylor on the 31st of December, 1862, and on the 8th of February, 1863, joined Kosecrans at Murfreesboro, Tenn. After the resignation of Capt. Smithnight, much trouble was caused by the appointment of an outsider and all the other commissioned officers left the service; their places being filled by men from, the ranks. After taking part in the advance of Kosecrans' army it was actively engaged at the battle of Chickamauga, having three men wounded and two taken prisoners. The battery was stationed at Chattanooga during the succeeding winter, and in May, 1863, it moved on the Atlanta campaign. It was constantly called on to perform the difficult task of repelling the cavalry of Forest and Wheeler in their numerous assaults on the flanks of Sherman's army, and also to maintain com- munications with the base of supplies in the rear. On the 15th of August, 1864, General Steadman with a division of infantry and the Twentieth battery at- tacked Wheeler's corps of cavalry, said to be six thousand strong, at Dalton, and after several hours fighting drove them from the place. Early in September a section of the battery which had remained at Dalton was surrendered, together with a regiment of colored troops, by the commander of the latter, at the demand of General Hood, who 24 was on his way northward. The other two sections accompanied General Thomas, in the Fourtli army corps, on his march to circumvent Hood. The re- duced battery was gallantly engaged in the battle of Franklin, having fourteen officers and men killed and wounded. It was also engaged, though less severely, at the battle of Nashville. It was soon afterwards stationed at Chattanooga, where it remained until July; being mustered out at Cleveland on the 19th of that month. MEMBERS EROM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Louis Smithnight, enr. as Capt. Aug. 21, 1862. Resigned April 27, 1863. William Backus, enr. as Corp. Aug. 88, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. May 82, 1863; to 1st Lieut. Nov. 25, 1863; to Capt. Dec. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank O. Bobbins, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 24, 1862 Resigned April 26, 1863. Charles F. Nitschelm, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 28, 1862. Promoted to 2d Li^ut. May 22, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Nov. 25, 1863. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Aug. 15, 1864. Henry Roth, enr. as 1st Lieut. Aug. 15, 1862. Disch, Oct., 1863. Henry Horn, enr. as Sergt. Sept. 11, 1863. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. 5_ 1864, and to 1st Lieut. Dec. 30, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Matthias Adams, enr. as 2d Lieut. Aug. 24, 1862. Resigned May 24, 1863. Harlan P. Joslyn, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Nov. 25, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Deo. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Oscar W. Hancock, enr. as 2d Lieut. Oct. 1, 1868. Promoted to IstLieut. May 82, 1863. Disch. Oct., 1863. John S. Burdick, enr. as Corp. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Nov. 25, 1863, and to 1st Lieut. Aug. 29, 1864. Killed in action Nov. 30, 1864. Charles G. Hilburts, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Aug, 29, 1868. Disch, Nov. 11, 1863. Henry Hoehn, enr, as Corp. Aug. 29, 1868. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Deo. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William Neraeher, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to 2d Lieut. Dec. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John G. Fay, Jr., enr. as 1st Sergt, Aug. 25, 1862. Disch. May 24, 1865. John S. Patterson, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Pi'omoted to Q. M. Sergt, Mus- tered out with the Battery. John A. Zeller, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 88, 1862. Killed by accident at Alpine Gap, Sept. 12, 1863. Frank Coquelin, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 25, 1862. Disch. March 4, 1868. Charles Beyrt, enr. as Sergt. Aug. 29, 1862. Killed in action Jan. 85, 1863. George Jansen, enr. as Corp. Aug. 26, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Tenn., Nov. 2, 1863. William Sehrt, enr. as Corp. Aug. 89, 1863. Mustered out with Battery. Barney Carey, enr. as Corp. Aug. ^, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Disch. May 27, 1864. Jacob Hammel, enr. as Corp. Aug. 27, 1862, Disch. March 4, 1863, Edwin O. Fowler, enr. as Corp. Aug. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Kirby, enr. as Corp. Sept. 15, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., April 7, 1865. Charles B. Baker, enr. as Corp. Sept. 8, 1862. Mustered out with Battery. Alfred Sugenthal, enr. as Corp. Sept. 9, 1868. Disch. June 18, 1864. James H. Davis, enl. Sept. 29, 1862. Disch. for disability March 28, 1865. Silas B. Vaughn, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Transf. to Inv. Corps July 8, 1863. Anton Eileman, enr. as Buglef Sept. 1:3, 1862. Mustered out with Battery. Morris N. Oviatt, enr. as Bugler Aug. 27, 1862. Disch. Sept. 22, 1863. John Forschner, enl. Sept. 3, 1862 Disch. Sept. 27, 1863. Daniel Arnett, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. La Fayette Allen, enl. Sept. 22, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Bohley, enl. Sept. 18, 1862. Disch. March 4, 1863. James Brown, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Theodore Brandt, enl. Sept. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Max Bias, enl. Sept. 3, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jerry D. Brush, enl. Sept. 1, 1862. Disch. March 4, 1863. Conrad Bolts, enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Disch. March 4, 1863. John Broman, enl. Sept. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battei'y. Christian Bernhardt, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Dec. 1, 1863. George Blatner, enl. Oct. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Francis Becker, enl, Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Augustus F. Braun, enl, Oct, 13, 1862, Mustered out with the Battery. Aulis Briggs, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John Carr, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Thomas Cowley, enl. Sept. 28, 1862. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864. Adam Conrad, enl. Aug. 27, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Miles Cook, enl. Aug. 25, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery, 186 GENERAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOGA COtJNTY. aeorge M. Cliapin, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Discli.'Jan. IB. 1863. Augustus Dietrich, enl. Sept. 3, 1803. Mustered out with the Battery. John W.'Dickerson' enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Died at Nashville, Tenn., May 21, 1863. John De Weyer, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps April 10, 1865. Musteredout Aug. 1, 1866. Edwin Edwards, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Henry Farrell, enl. Oct. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John Fahl, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Died at Chattanooga June 7, 1864. Arnold Fieiberger, enl. Sept. 25, 1862. Mustered out June 7, 1865. Richard Frick, enl. Sept. 1, 1862. Disch. Jan. 15, 1863. John W. Fuller, enl. Sept. 18, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Louis Fessler, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Graff, enl. Sept. 4, 1862. Died in Andersonyille prison Sept. 12, 1864. WilUam Grotzinger, enl. Sept. 30, 1863. Disch. July 13, 1863. John Grotzinger, enl. Aug. 28, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Galeel, enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob H. Galeel, enl. Aug. 25, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Glaugner, enl. Sept. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the 13attery. Jacob Heyot, enl. Aug. 39, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. John Hevy, enl. Sept, 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Hefty, enl. Sept. 15, 1862. Transt. to Reg. Army Oct. 81, 1862. Peter Hahn, enl. Sept. 13, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Joras, enl. Oct. 8, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Robert Jeffrey, enl. Aug. 27, 1863. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864. John Joyce, enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. John Janklau, enl. Sept. 13, 1863. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864. James Knox, enl. Sept. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John Loefler, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Died at NashvUle June 9, 1864. George Lowman, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph Marquard, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the j attery. Henry Matthew, enl. Oct. 5, 1862. Disch. July 20, 1863. Peter McGue, enl. Sept. 3. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Rudolph Myers, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Joseph Morey, enl. Sept. 5, 1863. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864. Abraham Muhline, enl. Aug. 39, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. John Miller, enl. Aug. 25, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Marquard, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Marquard, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank Mills, enl. Aug. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank Meyers, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter McCormick, enl. Aug. 8, 1863. Disch. March 38, 1863. Frank Neracker, enl. Sept. 3, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. John Nehauer, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the jsatteiy. George Ningbra, enl. Oct. 11, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Horace Parker, enl. Aug. 21, 1862. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864. John Party, enl. Aug 25, 18U3. Mustered out with the Uattery. Milo Ross, enl. Oct. 15, 1862. Disch. March 4, 1863. Ransom Roscoe, enl. Aug. 25, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. John Rith, enl. Sept. 9, 1862. Disch. April 9, 1863. Matthias Rohrbuck, enl. Sept. 12, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jolm Ribold, enl. Aug. 26, 1862. Died at Chattanooga Oct. 5, 1864. Charles Rudolph, enl. Aug. 28, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Jacob Rhodes, enl. Aug. 15, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Frederick Rash, enl. Sept. 26, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. George Russ, enl. Sept. 4, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. George Russell, enl. Sept. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank Rashleigh, enl. Aug. 29, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. WilUam Ruff, enl. Aug. 36. 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Phihp Schwartz, enl. Aug. 30, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. ; Henry Sturbaum, enl. Sept. 1, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Stahl, enl. Sept. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Alexander Stahl, enl. Sept. 18. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John Schneider, enl. Sept. 29, 1863. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps May 7 1865. Mustered out Aug. 11, 1865. John Schneider, enl, Oct. 11, 1863. Died at Chattanooga, June 5, 1864. George Somers enl. Oct. 8, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. George F. Smith, enl. Oct. 8, 1862. Transf. to the Navy March 10, 1864. William Sykes, enl. Oct. 13, 1882. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Peter Schwan, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John H. Taylor, enl. Aug. 23, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Edward Vedder, enl. Sept. 19, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery Joseph Vogtly, enl. Aug. 30, 1862. Died at Murfreesboro, Tenn., Jan. 14, 1863. Sebastian Vetger, enl. Sept. 25, 1863. Disch. for disability May 15, 1865. David J. Williams, enl. Oct. 11, 1863. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. John T. Williams, enl. Oct. 13, 1863. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. Henry Weidoff, enl. Aug. Aug. 26, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Daniel Wilcox,'enl. Aug. 36, 1862. Disch. April 10, 1863. EUsha Williams, enl. Aug. 11, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Walter, enl. Aug. 35, 1863. Disch. July 29, 1863. Samuel Winnepleck, enl. Aug. 35, 1861. Died at Nashville, Feb. 29, 1864 John Wiler, enl. Aug. 29, 1863. Disch. April 9, 1863. William Werbuch, enl. Sept. 3, 1863. Transf. to Invalid Corps July 9, 1863. Paul Waly, enl. Aug. 8, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. John Wenner, enl. Sept. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John Winger,' enl. Sept. 18, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Edwin Waldo, enl. Sept. 23, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Wentrich, enl. Sept. 20, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John White, efil. Sept. 29, 1862. Died at Nashville, Aug. 2, 1864. Charles Willett, enl. Sept. 30. 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Witzrudorff, enl. Sept, 18, 1862. Disch. April 9, 1863. Andrew Zengenly, enl. Aug. 26, 1862. Died at Chattanooga, Oct. 8, 1864. Samuel Ayers, enl. Aug. 28, 1862. Transf. to Vet. Res. Corps. Promoted to 1st Sergt. Mustered out Oct. 6, 1865. Andreas Hammel, enl. July 15, 1863. Died at Nashville May 18, 1864. Philip Hauck, enl. Jan. 15, 1864. Died at Chattanooga, Sept. 5, 1864. Pearson B. Sorler, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Killed in action Nov. 30, 1864. Samuel Braine, enl. Feb. 19, 1864. Killed in action Nov. 30, 1864. Jacob i ender, enl. Deo. 30, 1868. Killed in action Nov. 30, 1864. Uriah Ackley, enl. Feb. 27, 1864. Mustered out May 30, 1865. PhiUp Solomon, enl. Oct. 1, 1864. Mustered out June 9, 1865. Peltiah Smith, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Mustered out May 24, 1865. Adam Hausman, enl. Aug. 28, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Dietrich, enl. Nov. 15, 1862. Promoted to Corporal. Mustered out with the Battery. Edwin Adams, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. John Brier, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. WUliam Blair, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. George Berthold, enl. Jan. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Horace Bronson, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John D. Chapman, enl. Jan. 27, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Edwin Camp, enl. Oct. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Edward Davis, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. PhiUp Droz, enl. Jan. 37, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. James Hardman, enl. Dec. 31, 1863. Mustered out with the 1 attery. Charles Higgins, enl. Dec. 22, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Robert Hawkins, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Albert Jones, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Henry Killmer, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Muttered out with the Battery. William Kelley, enl. Jan. 8, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Herbert Le Claire, enl. Jan. 22, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Munger, enl. Oct. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. David Munger, enl. Oct. 5, 1864. Mustered out vrith the Battery. Thomas Munson, enl. Oct. 14, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Melvin Malone, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Nelson Malone, enl. Jan 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Frank Perkins, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. James Perrine, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Anthony Paulis, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter Pope, enl. Jan. 7, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Othello Park, enl. Feb. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Henry Richards, enl. Dec. 29, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Christian Stiller, enl. Jan. 2, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John Stodtle, enl. Jan. 6, 1664. Mustered out with the Battery. Arthur Stacy, enl. Dec. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Smith, enl. Jan. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Christian Schnitzer, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Peter C. Smith, enl. Jan. 11, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Henry Sheridan, enl. Jan. 25, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Frederick Wetzel, enl. Oct. 4, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Webster, enl. Feb. 25, 1864. Mustered out wiih the Battery. Francis Wright, enl. Jan. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. August Walter, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. George Young, enl. Jan. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Joseph Fitzgerald, enl. Jan. 5, 1864. Disch. for disability Dec. 4, 1864. Hugo Koehn, enl. Dec. 30, 1863. Disch. for disability May 10, 1865. Verdine Truesdale, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. Sherman Oviatt, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1863. Charles Humphrey, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. Alexander Sorter, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. Harris Billson, enl. Sept. 30, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. Henry Elder, enl. Sept. 7, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. Albert Case, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. Peter O'Keesler, enl. Aug. 29, 1864. Mustered out June 7, 1865. THE INDEPENDENT BATTEEIES, ETC. 187 TWENTY-FIKST BATTERY. The Twenty-first battery was mustered into the service for three years at Camp Dennison, on the 9th of April, 1863j and in May was sent down the Ohio from Cincinnati to Louisville as guard over Vallandig- ham, then on his way into exile. When Morgan crossed the Ohio, four of the guns of the Twenty-first were used on the steamers patrolling the river to pre- vent his escape. In September the battery proceeded to Tennessee, in which State it did considerable service, especially in a fight at Walker's Ford, on the 2d of December, 1863, where it was remarkably effect- ive. Its field of operations until the close of the war was confined to Tennessee and Alabama, where its chief employment was the guarding of important fords and railway lines. When the long struggle was ended the battery returned to Cleveland, and on the 31st of July, 1865, it was mustered out of the service. MEMBBES FKOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. William H. H. Smith, enr. as 2nd Lieut. Nov. 19, 1862. Promoted to 1st Lieut. March 1, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery July 21, 1865. Ezra Homes, enr. as Q. M. Sergt. Oct. 10, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Darius Baldwin, enr. as Corp. Oct. 21, 1862. Disoh. July 15, 1863. Horace Woloott, enr. as Corp. Oct. 17, 1862. MuStered out with the Battery. Charles J. Beebe, enl. Dec. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. -- Samuel Allen, enl. Oct. 11, 1863. Drowned at Cincinnati May 25, 1863. Thomas K. Allen, enl. Oct. 31, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Cleanthus Burnett, enl. Feb. 2.3, 1863. Promoted to Corp. May 17, 1865. Mustered out with the Battery. William J. Baldwin, enl. Oct. 13, 1862. Disch. for disability Aug. 10, 1863. Charles J. Colson, enl, Oct. 23, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. John H. Evarts, enl. Nov. 30, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. George F. Gould, enl. Oct. 14, 1862. Disch. June 19, 1865. James Hervey, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Disch. for disability Oct. 28, 1863. Lyman S. Hodges, enl. Dec. 8, 1862. Disch. for disability June 20, 1863. Jonas Heckert, enl. Nov. 27, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. June 16, 1865. James Lindeman, enl. Oct. 22, 1862. Promoted to Corp. Died in Hosp. at Knoxville, Tenn., Nov. 2, 1863. William Long, enl. Dec. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. George Manchester, enl. Oct. 8, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Daniel McSwan, enl. Oct. 25, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. June 16, 1865. Milton McFarland, enl. Oct. 25, 1862. Promoted to Sergt. May 30, 1863, and to 1st Sergt. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John Mahony, enl. Oct. 21, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Josiah Ogle, enl. Oct. 18, 1862. Disch. (or disability Nov. 20, 1863. James Parker, enl. Oct. 17, 1862. Disch. from Hosp. June 15, 1865. Wesley Summers, enl. Oct. 21, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. William Sinclair, enl. Oct. 80, 1862. Disoh. from Hosp. May 29, 1865. Nathan W. Tomlinson, enl. Oct. 10, 1862. Promoted to in the U. S. Col. Heavy Art. Aug. 17, 1864. John G. Washburn, enl. Oct. 16, 1862. Mustered out with the Battery. Elhanan Winchester, enl. Jan. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Charles Collister, enl. Sept. 19, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. George W. Brookins, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Loren Call, enl. Aug. 16, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Benjamin M. Curtis, enl. Aug. 13, 1864. Mustered out with tlie Battery. Elijah W. Curtis, enl. Aug. 15, 1863. Mustered out with the Battery. Samuel B. Champlln, enl. Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. P. N. Curtis, enl. Aug. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Warren W. Ely, enl. Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered oijt with the Battery. Thomas W. Fowler, enl. Aug. 15, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Trumbull Granger, enl . Aug. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Thomas Maokey, enl. Aug. 12, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Ezekiel Nichols, enl. Aug. 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Batteiy. Abraham J. Phelps, enl. Aug. 26, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Spencer Phelps, enl. Aug. 19, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. John H. Collister, enl. Sept. 2, 1864. Disch. from Hosp. May 18, 1865. TWENTY-FIFTH BATTBEY. This originated in a detail made by Gen. Blunt in August, 1862, from the Second Ohio Cavalry, for temporary artillery service in Kansas and the Indian Territory, and called by him the Third Kansas Bat- tery. It had a sharp fight with Texans and Indians at Newtonia, Mo., on the 30th of September, and another on the 4th of October, in which the enemy was completely defeated. In November and Decem- ber following, it took an active part in the battles of Kane Hill, Prairie Grove and Van Buren. In return- ing to Missouri it crossed White river by means of shooting an empty case-shot across the roaring stream, with a line attached, by which an improvised ferry- boat could be worked over. In January, 1863, the detail was transmuted, by an order from the war department, into the Twenty-fifth Ohio battery. During the spring and forepart of the summer it served in Missouri; moving into Arkansas in July, and having several severe conflicts in August and September before arriving at Little Eock. In January, 1864^ one hundred and twelve men out of a hundred and twenty-nine re-enlisted. After their veteran furlough they returned to duty in Ar- kansas, where they remained until the autumn of 1865. The battery was discharged at Columbus on the 13th of December, in that year. MEMBEES FEOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Darius E. Baldwin, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Mustered out with Battery, Dec. 12, 1865. A. F. Flint, enl. Feb. 28, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Addison Lockwood, enl. April 13, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. Robert Scanlon, enl. Feb. 18, 1864. Mustered out with the Battery. William C. Farrell, enl. Feb. 29, 1864. Disch. for disability Oct. 26, 1864. Edward H. Pritchard, enl. March 28, 1864. Mustered out June 6, 1865. The following were transferred from the Fifth Cavalry in January, 1863, with which regiment their records may be found: Francis A. Thayer, David V. Bell, Walter D. Barker, Henry W. Gage, Edwin Kiu- nicutt, Luzerne W. Kelley, Henry Mead, Webster K. Nye, William Van Orman, Thomas Scott, George W. Pollock, Gilbert J. Doolittle, Zina J. Buck, Elmer Breurr, William Christie, George Davis, Thomas Dodd, Patrick Dunn, George B. Hammond, John Olds, Nathan E. Penfield, Alex. C. Euple, Henry Stuyesan, Wm. Fesshaupt. FIFTH UNITED STATES COLOEED INFANTEY. Although this regiment was raised under the direct authority of the United States, yet it was entirely re- cruited in Ohio; and as it had a representation of fifteen members from Cuyahoga, it should receive mention in our work, though, from its being the only United States regiment noticed, it is somewhat difficult to locate it. It was begun in the summer of 1863 as the One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Ohio Infantry. Eecruiting was slow, however, till the new organiza- tion received the sanction of the national authorities, and was transformed into the Fifth United States Colored Infantry. In November, 1863, it went to Virginia with nine companies; the tenth joining during the winter. The next month it was engaged in an important raid into North Carolina, and behaved well in its first fight. After being encamped at Yorktown until May, 1864, it went up the James river with Gen. Butler. On the 15th of June the Fifth, with the colored division, stormed the bights before Petersburg; eliciting the applause of Gen. W. F. ("Baldy") Smith, an old 188 GENEEAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. regular officer, certainly not prejudiced in their favor. On the 39th of September the Fifth, with two other colored regiments, stormed and carried the rebel works on New Market Hights under extremely ad- verse circumstances. During the day's fighting the regiment suffered the terrific loss of three hundred and forty-two killed and wounded, out of five hundred and fifty-nine. It subsequently took part in the capture of Fort Fisher and Fort Anderson, North Carolina, and re- mained in service in that State until September, 1865; being discharged at Columbus on the 5th of October following. MEMBBES FKOM CUYAHOGA COUNTY. COMPANY B. WUliam A. Carter, enl. Aug. 8, 1864. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 80, 1865. Jefferson Pinkney, enl. Aug. 17, 1864. Wounded Feb. 20, 1865. COMPANY F. James Alexander, enl. Sept. 8, 1863. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 20, 1865. William Salisbury, enl. Sept. 8, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George W. Hamilton, enl. Sept. 7, 1863. Died at Fortress Monroe, Nov. 3, 1861. COMPANY I. John H. Harris, enl. Oct. 18, 1863. Mustered out with Co. Sept. 20, 1865. WUliam A. Mott, enl. Aug. 18, 1863. Died at Yorktown, Ya., March 10, 1861 COMPANY K. John Simpson, enr. as Corp. Nov. 24, 1863. Wounded Sept. 29, 1864. Mustered out with the Co. Sept. 20, 1865. John Burke, enr. as Corp. Dec. 16, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Ransom Bennett, enl. Dec . 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Bowman, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. Lewis Jackson, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. George Johnson, enl. Dec. 1 1, 1803. Mustered out with the Co. William Sley, enl. Dec. 25, 1863. Mustered out with the Co. John Jackson, enl. Dec. 24, 1863. Disch. May 29, 1865. CHAPTER XXXVII. THE PKESS. Reason for Placing it in General History — Extraordinary Number of Cleveland Journals— A Newspaper Graveyard— Successful Journals— Our System — The First Newspaper in the County — The Oldest Survivor — ^The Advertiser — The Whig — The Messenger — Ohio City Argus — Daily Gazette— The Liberalist — The Journal— Commercial Intelligencer— The Axe — A Log Cabin Scene- A Paper of One Issue — The Agitator— A Bad Year for Newspapers— The News and The Palladiu m— The Eagle- Eyed News-Catcher— The Mercury— The Guide and the Gatherer— JournaUsm under Difficulties at Chagrin Falls— The Farmers' and Mechanics' Journal— Two Campaign Papers— Spirit of Freedom— La- bour— True Kindred— Independent Politician— A Millerite Journal- Ohio American— The Times— Universalist and Literary Companion- Reserve Battery — Spirit of Freedom— Medical Examiner— Temple of Honor— Spirit of the Lakes— Family Visitor— Its Contributors— Its Useful Character— Cleveland Commercial— American Advertiser — The Harpoon— School Boy— Golden Rule— Forest City— Annals of Science — American Magazine — New American Magazine — Commercial Ga- zette—The Germaaia— Spiritual Universe— Daily Review— Buckeye Democrat— National Democrat— Wool Growers' Reporter- The Agita- tor—The Analyst— Dodge's Literary Museum— The Vanguard— West- ern Law Monthly — Daily Dispatch — Effect of the War — Fewer Period- icals—Revival after the War— German Democrat — Christian Standard -Ohio Cultivator— Temperance Era^-American Spirituahst — Printing Gazette— Prohibition Era^-Real Estate Recorder— Real Estate Journal —The Pokrok— Mechanics' and Blacksmiths' Journal— Coopers' Jour- nal—The Illustrated Bazaar— House and Garden— The Hygiena— Ober- lin New Era^The Pulpit— Sontagsblatt^Cross and Crown— The Co- lumbia—Celtic Index— Linndale Enterprise— Our Youth— The Trio- Only Seven in a Year— Cuyahoga County Blade— Household Treasure —Irish National Magazine— The Indicator— Little Ones at Home- Maria Hllf— Pictorial World— Delnlcke Liste— Labor Advance— House- hold G«m— Pleasure and Proflt— West Side Sentinel— The Lantern- Living Papers— The Herald— The Plain Dealer— The Leader— Ohio Farmer— Waechter am Erie— The Publishing House of the Evangeli- cal Association— The Periodicals Published there— Reformed Church Publications— Brainai-d's Musical World— German Baptist Publications and Publishing Society— Trade Re view— Berea Advertiser— Locomotive Engineer's Journal— Sunday Voice— Cleveland Anzeiger— Die Biene— Standard of the Cross— Christian Harvester— Home Companion- South Cleveland Advocate— Earnest Worker— Catholic Universe— Cha- grin Falls Exponent— Sunday Morning Times— Evening Times— The Advance— Dennice Novoveku— Law Reporter- Hardware Reporter- One Cent Weekly— Penny Press- The Sentinel. Although the newspapers and other periodicals of the county have nearly all been published at Cleve- land, yet they have circulated in every section of the county and far outside of its limits; and, in fact, in the early days had a much larger circulation outside than inside the limits of the corporation. Moreover, journalism is an institution of such a general nature, and deals so largely with the wider interests of maa- kind, that it seems much the most proper to make the story of its progress a part of the general history of the county. It is extremely difficult to give a detailed account of the press of Cuyahoga county; for, however great may have been the tendency in other growing cities to set on foot journalistic enterprises which were un- able to survive the storms of this rude world, we are convinced that Cleveland decidedly exceeds all its rivals of similar size in this respect. In its historic field the newspaper graveyard fills no inconsiderable space. Unfortunately, moreover, in most cases there were not enough assets left to raise a tombstone tell- ing the dates of the birth and death of the dear de- parted. Too often, indeed, the mourners neglected to perform even the rite of sepulture, leaving the sherifE to place the wasted body in the grave which they themselves never desired to look upon, and which not the most desj)erate resurrectionists ever sought to violate. Their names alone remain as a tra- dition in the memories of surviving contemporaries, and sometimes even the name has faded away, leaving but a vague recollection of some journalistic firefly whose light has forever expired. On the other hand, in few, if any, places of like size have labor, capital and enterprise built up papers of more commanding influence, or longer continued prosperity. Some of these date back from three to six decades ; others are of a later era but have already established themselves upon firm ground. Of all these surviving members of the journalistic family it is comparatively easy to obtain separate ac- counts ; but the defunct papers are so numerous and many of them were so short-lived that it is hardly practicable to furnish separate sketches of them. We have therefore concluded to give a brief general his- tory of journalism in this county, showing its pro- gress, and alluding at more or less length to those papers which have passed away, so far as they are known ; following this by separate sketches of all the papers now in existence. As before stated the first paper published in the county was the Cleveland Gazette and Commercial Register, which made its first appearance on the 31st THE PEESS. 189 day of July, 1818. It was issued weekly — when cir- cumstances permitted. When circumstances were un- kind, intervals of from ten days to two weeks inter- vened between the issues, and even this precarious existence ceased the same year or early in the next. In October, 1819, the first number of the Cleve- land Herald was issued; a paper which has maintained a continued existence till the present time, and which is now not only the oldest paper in the county, but one of the oldest in the State — in fact there are but few in the whole country which antedate it. A sketch of its career is given farther on. The Herald occupied the journalistic field without a rival for no less than thirteen years; at least, after careful inquiry, we are unable to learn of any other newspaper in the county until 1832. At that time the Herald began to veer toward Democracy, or Jackson- ianism as it was more commonly called in those days, and a number of the leading Whigs of Cleveland went to work to establish a more thorough exponent of their party doctrines. They persuaded the late Madi- son Kelley to undertake the task, and in 1832 that gentleman established the Advertiser as an organ of the Whig party. Hon. John W. Allen wrote the salutatory editorial in the first number. Yet in the mutations of politics the Advertiser was afterwards transmuted into that decisively Democratic paper, the Plain Dealer, while the Herald became a thor- ough champion of Whiggery. On the 30th day of August, 1834, the Cleveland Whig was established by Rice & Penniman. It ex- isted, as near as we can learn, about two years. It was followed in May 1836, by the Cleveland Messenger, the founders of which were Messrs. Beck & Tuttle. It became defunct in less than a year. The same month saw the establishment of the Ohio City Argus on the west side, by T. H. Smead and Lyman W. Hall. It was Whiggish in its tendencies, though not extremely partisan. Its first number was issued on the 30th of May, 1836. In the same year Mr. Hall withdrew, and Mr. Smead (still a compositor in Cleve- land) acted for a time as both publisher and editor. In the forepart of 1838 the name was changed to the Ohio City Transcript, and the aid of Mr. Hill was obtained, who acted as editor until the suspension of the paper in 1839. In the summer of 1836, also, the Cleveland Daily Gazette was founded by Charles Whittlesey, Esq., now the well-known Colonel Whittlesey. This paper had but a brief separate existence, but it did not die ; it was married. In March, 1837, it was united to the Herald; the consolidated paper being issued for sev- eral years as the Daily Herald and Gazette. Another venture of 1836 was the Cleveland Liber- alist, the first number of which was issued on the 10 th day of September, in that year, by Dr. Samuel Underbill, editor and proprietor. It was a small weekly, and advocated what its editor called free thought, but which most people designated as infidel- ity. There seems to have been a considerable skep- tical element in Cleveland at an early day, for a place of its size, but there was not enough to support a weekly organ, for the Liberalist expired during the following year. On the other hand there was a religious organ (Presbyterian) established at Cleveland as early as 1836. It was called the Cleveland Journal, and in 1837 was published by John M. Sterling, Samuel C. Aikin and A. Penfield. Its editor was Eev. 0. P. Hoyt. A little later it was united with the Ohio Observer, then located at Hudson. The consolidated paper was published at Cleveland, under the name of the Cleveland Observer. In 1840 it was moved back to Hudson, where it resumed the name of Ohio Ob- server. The Daily Oom.mercial Intelligencer was born in 1838; its sponsor being Benjamin Andrews. The only record opposite its infant name is " Died out." During the celebrated Harrison campaign of 1840, a small campaign paper of five columns called The Axe, was published from tbe 33d of April until after election. It was of course devoted to the cause of Harrison, who was supported by an immense ma- jority of the voters of the Western Reserve. The top of its first page was adorned with a log cabin covered with a "shake" roof, supposed to represent the dwelling of the popular old Indian-fighter. We believe the sliortest-lived of all the many short- lived Cleveland newspapers was one of which even the name is in doubt. A person who is described as a "Quaker Whig," projected a journal in 1840, to be called either the Christian Statesman or the Chris- tian Whig, it is not certain which. A solitary num- ber appeared under one of those names, and that was both the beginning and the end of what was evi- dently intended to be the regenerator of Cuyahoga politics. Almost as brief was the career of the Cleve- land Agitator, a weekly anti-slavery sheet which came into existence in 1840, and went out of existence the same year. The year 1841 was a remarkably good time for giv- ing birth to newspapers, and a remarkably poor one for keeping them alive. No less than three passed from the cradle to the grave during that single twelve- month, besides two others, the time and term of whose existence is not exactly known. The Daily Morning News was a neutral sheet established in 1841 by George Mortimer Shippen. "Died the same year." The Palladium of Liberty was an anti-slavery weekly edited by the Rev. Mr. Butts. A brief trial demon- strated that sufficient support could not be obtained, and liberty was left without its palladium. "Died the same year." The very peculiar title of The Eagle- Eyed News-Catcher was given by David L. Wood to another venture (daily) of 1841, but though it might catch the news, it couldn't catch the money; and the Eagle-Eyed soon closed its piercing orbs in everlast- ing sleep. "Died the same year." The Daily Morning Mercury, owned and edited by Calvin Hall, was probably established in 1841, and 190 GBNEKAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. certainly departed this life in that eventful year. The Mothers' and Young Ladies' Guide, edited by Mrs. M. M. Herrick, was a monthly iiublication which had a brief existence about the same period. Passing to the year 1843, we find the Cleveland Gatherer (weekly) coming into existence under the management of E. B. Fisher, and maintaining itself until 1844, when it was gathered to its predecessors; being rather a long-lived journal for that period. The first effort to have a newspaper in Cuyahoga county, outside of Cleveland, was at the enterprising village of Chagrin Falls. In 1843, when the village was but eight years old, C. T. Blakeslee and John Braiuard (the latter afterwards a professor of chemis- try in Cleveland, and examiner of patents at Wash- ington), undertook to establish a newspaper. They bought a hundred dollars worth of type on credit, and made with their own hands every thing else necessary for their purpose, including the press. The latter was not, perhaps, very beautiful, but it was used for years to print a newspaper. The proprietors called their production the Farmers' and Mechanics' Journal; the first number being issued in August of the year above named. Immediately afterwards Mr. Blakeslee sold out to Hiram E. Calkins, who, in about eight months, dis- posed of his interest to M. S. Barnes. In the summer of 1844 Brainard and Barnes sold to H. C "Whipple, who undertook to make a Democratic campaign paper of the Journal. His foreman (the late proprietor, Barnes), however, in Whipple's absence, substituted a Whig ticket and editorial. Barnes, of course, was dismissed. He then bought a press and established a Whig campaign paper. The rival journals both died after election. To conclude the story of early journalism at Chagrin Falls, the next year M. P. Doolittle and H. B. Calkins started a paper named the Spirit of Free- dom, which expired the same autumn. Afterwards a publication called Lalour was carried on by the ' ' Labouring Men's Association. " The undertaking, however, proved more laborious than profitable, and was given up; Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Sanford becoming the owners of the press. In January, 1850, Mrs. Sanford began the publication of a monthly, especi- ally intended for women, called True Kindred. At the end of five months this was changed to the Independent Politician (weekly) edited by Mr. San- ford. Ere long this, too, was discontinued, aud thenceforth there were no more journalistic efforts at Chagrin Falls until the founding of the Chagrin Exponent, as narrated farther on. To return to Cleveland — in 1843 the Second Advent- ist was established by some of the believers in Father Miller, who was prophesying the end of the world in April, 1844, and who had quite a considerable follow- ing in Cleveland. The publisher was T. H. Smead. This could not, in the nature of things, have been expected to be a permanent accession to journalism. Its only inspiration was the near approach of death. and when the world failed to ignite at the appointed time, the newspaper had nothing left to live for. The Ohio American was established in 1844; being the earliest of -the journals which, after various changes and consoldiations, became the present Leader. At that time, also, a paper called the Declaration of Independence began its career^with T. H. Smead as publisher and Quintus F. Atkins as editor. It was strongly anti-slavery, and supported Birney, the abolition candidate for the presidency. It suspended after the close of the campaign. In 1845 the Cleveland Weekly Times was established by Peter Baxter, with Horace Steele as editor. It was merged in the Plain Dealer in 1848. The Ohio Univeralist and- Literary Companion (weekly), a small craft with a top-heavy title, was also launched on the journalistic stream in 1845, under the guid- ance of C. W. Hudson, publisher, and George H. Emerson, editor; only to be stranded about 1847. The True Democrat was established at Olmstead Falls in 1847. (See sketch of the Leader.) For two or three years after 1845 there seems to have been an abatement of the mania for starting newspapers, but in 1848 it broke out again, as danger- ous as ever. One of the new issues of that year was only intended for temporary use, and doubtless ful- filled its purposes. This was the Reserve Battery, a Taylor campaign (weekly), published by J. A. Harris from the 30th of July until after election. The vignette represented Gen. Taylor directing the firing of a battery of artillery at a group of enemies, among whom Geu. Cass is the most prominent who throws up his hands and protests against the "noise and confusion " which prevails. The Spirit of Freedom was founded in that year by certain gentlemen who are vaguely designated as " Law Reformers," but it had not enough flesh and blood enough for this practical world, and it fled to brighter climes after a very brief sojourn. The Northern Ohio Medical Examiner (monthly), born the same year, represented another leading profession, but it, too, soon passed away. The Temple of Honor was the organ of the order of Sons of Temperance, and though we cannot as- certain the exact dates, yet it was probably founded about 1850, and died after a year or two of high- minded but poorly fed existence. The Spirit of the Lahes was a journal of the same period published by the Western Seaman's Friend Society (Rev. R. H. Leonard, editor), for the benefit of the sailors on the lakes, which performed its beneficent labor nearly six years. In its latter days it was known as the Spirit of the Lakes and Boatmen's Reporter; having absorbed another journal startedwith the same object. Perhaps the weight of the title sunk it. Another new journal of 1850 was the Family Visitor (weekly), the first number of which was is- sued on the 3d of January in that year, under the supervision of J. P. Kirtland, S. St. John and 0. H. THE PEESS. 191 Knapp. As its name implied, it was intended especi- ally for the home circle, and was really a very desir- able paper. Every number contained illustrated ar- ticles on natural history, usually contributed by Pro- fessor Kirtland or Charles Whittlesey, Esq. On the 9 th pf May in the same year, it appeared with the heading " published at Cleveland and Hudson." The publication of this useful journal was continued until 1858, when it went down under the stress of "hard times." The principal contribution of the year 1852 to the list of ephemeral publications was the Cleveland Com- mercial, a neutral weekly, founded by Hine and Cul- laton. It subsequently passed into the hands of H. M. Addison, advocating the cause of morality, edu- cation, temperance and equal rights for four years, and then ceased to exist — perhaps because those vir- tues had become so well established that a special champion was no longer necessary. Mr. Addison seems to have had a remarkable pro- clivity and facility for establishing newspapers, for the records show that in 1852 he founded two, both devoted to temperance. Probably, however, the first, the American Advertiser, merely changed its name, assuming the name of the ^a?'/»oow,. under which fe- rocious title it struck terror into the whales of evil at a dollar a year for about four years, when it lost its hold and sank to rise no more. The School Boy was for a short period edited by the students of the high school and published by P. 0. McGillicuddy; closing its career in 1855 or 1856. 1!h&0olden Rule, a religious, temperance, anti-sla- very, anti-tobacco monthly, published by D. M. Ide and edited by D. P. Newton, flourished for three or four years and was moved to Mansfield about 1856. The Daily and Weekly Forest City set out on the career of journalism as an advocate of " Free Soil " principles in 1852, but was united with the True Democrat the next year, as stated in the sketch of the Leader. The Annals of Science was a semi-monthly sheet, published by Hamilton S. Smith, which had a brief existence sometime between 185^ and 1855. The American Magazine, a Homeopathic and Hydropathic monthly, has a similar history, but lasted somewhat longer, dying about 1856. The New American Mag- azine, of which B. K. Maltby was the editor, was a monthly devoted to the interests of education, and its period of existence corresponded quite closely with that of its Homoeo-hydropathic contemporary. The Cleveland Comrjriercial Gazette, devoted entirely to market reports and other commercial matter, was founded by E. Cowles & Co., the proprietors of the Leader, in 1856, and was continued until 1868. The second German newspaper in Cleveland was the Germania, which was established in 1856, and had a prosperous career for nearly twenty years, but finally disappeared in 1875. The Spiritual Universe, which began its career in 1857, enjoyed a year or so of delicate existence, and then departed to the spirit world. The Daily Review, published by Spear, Den- nison & Morrison, and edited by H. H. Johnson, was born in 1857 and lasted till the first years of the war. The Buckeye Democrat sprang into existence in 1859, and dropped out of existence in 1860, though its place was taken by the National Democrat, which was established by C. B. Plood in 1860 and departed this life in 1860. A publication founded in 1859 which attained somewhat more of permanence, was the Wool Growers' Reporter, a monthly founded by Andrew Meader, and devoted as its name implies to tha wool raising interest. Afterwards its scope was widened to embrace the wool-manufacturing interest, its name being changed to the Wool Grower and Man- ufacturer. Under this title it endured till the close of the war. The year 1859 and the forepart of 1860 were espe- cially distinguished by an outbreak of new publica- tions. There were the Agitator, a temperance and anti-slavery publication, of which Mrs. H. P. M. Brown was editor and proprietor, and which hardly lasted through the last named year; the Analyst, of J. A. Spencer & Co., which barely survived the next one; Dodge's Literary Museum, issued by the cele- brated Ossian B. Dodge, which lived about two years; and the Vanguard, a skeptical weekly which owned the triple editorship of William Denton, Alfred Cridge and Anna Denton Cridge, but which went to the rear after a very brief conflict with the dangei's of Cleveland journalism. Of more solid character, but of scarcely more tenacity of life was the Western Law Monthly of Hayden, King and Elwell, which em- braced the names of Hon. R. P. Ranney as super- vising editor of the code department, and of J. J. Elwell and M. A. King as assistant editors. It closed its career in 1860. Most fragile of all was the Daily Dispatch, published by an association of printers, whicli saw but four brief moons of 1860 wax and wane ere the chilly hand of death was laid upon its infant brow. The Gleaner, a literary weekly which was set on foot in the beginning of 1861, closed its career within a year. In fact, the war, which broke out in 1861, though it increased the demand for news, and doubt- less increased the prosperity of the well-established journals devoted principally to the news, seemed to have a very depressing effect on the ambition of ad- ventures into the journalistic field, and so far, as we can learn, not a single new periodical (unless we ex- cept Brainard's Musical Wo7'ld) was established in Cleveland during the continuance of the rebellion. Not only that, but the old ones of the class of the Analyst, the Literary Museum, etc., dropped off until in 1863 there were only the Herald, Plain Dealer, Leader, Ohio Farmer, Waechter am Erie, Germania, Wool Grower and MamZfacturer, and the German religious papers. After the war the business of newspaper founding began to revive; the first of the new set being the Ger- man Democrat, which appeared in 1865. This, how- 192 GENERAL HISTORY OE CtJYAfiOGA COtTNTY. ever, found the field fully occupied, and retired in the course of a j'ear. Ere long the newspaper nursery was again in full bloom. Besides a nunilier of journals which have survived to the present time, and of which separate sketches are subsequently given, there were the Chris- tian Standard, established by the Christian Publish- ing Association in 1866, with Rev. Isaac Errett as editor, which lasted but two years; the Oldo Culti- vator (monthly), published at the oflBce of the Ohio Farmer for a brief period beginning in 1860; the TemjMrance Era (weekly), of which J. A. Spencer was the editor, which appeared in 1870 and disap- peared within a year; the Ohio Sjm-itualist (weekly), which was first put forth by the American Spiritualist Publishing Company in 1870, and which maintained itself for three years. Passing on to 1871, we find the Printing Gazette, (monthly,) coming to life in that year, and departing from life in the next. In 187:i the Prohibition Era of A. T. Proctor took the place of Mr. Spencer's Temperance Era, aud lasted four years; the; New Era of B. C. Parker & Co. was begun, but never became an old era; and the Real Estate Recorder . of H. S. Herr also entered the field, to be crowded out within a twelve-month. It was succeeded by the Real Estate Journal, ot J. N. Bebout, which survived until 1877. Of more tenacio.us papers established during that year, were the Pokrok of F. -B. Zdrubek, the first Bohemian paper in the city, which was pub- lished until 1878; the Mechanics' and Blacksmiths' Journal of John Fehrenbatch, which also lasted until 1878, and the Coopers' Journal of M. A. Foran, which had a somewhat briefer existence. It will be borne in mind all the while that we are now giving only obituary notices of the ^deceased; the living newspapers will be found farther on. Proceeding to the spring of 1873, one learns for the first time of the existence of Cleveland's Illustrated Bazaar, a gay occupant of the field whicli withered under the frost of the succeeding winter; of the House and Garden of G. E. Blakelee, which lived two years, part of the time under the management of M. J. Lawrence; of the Cleveland Hygiena, published by Dr. Libby for three years; of the Oberlin Xeic Era, by the same proprietor, which could not live one year in this nncongenial atmosphere; of the Cleveland Pulpit, edited by E. B. Kaffensperger, from which came the sound of good tidings for less than two years. By the light of another year (1874) we look upon the fleeting forms of the Cleveland SontagsUatt (Sun- day paper), edited by Julius Kurzer; of the Cross and GroKn, edited by Lawrence W. Tatum, which sur- vived but a twelvemonth; of the Columbia, edited by Joseph Killian, which survived until the close of the year last past; of the Celtic Index, edited by the Rev. Dr. Quinn; of the Linndale Enterprise, of Wm. W. Robinson, which was too enterprising to live more than a twelvemonth; of Our Youth ^\nch. reached the end of its days ere three hundred and sixty-five of them were numbered, and of the Trio which attained but a little longer life — only seven new papers, all told. The fact that this was the climax of the hard times accounts for there not being a larger number. The Cuyahoga County Blade, published at New- burg by L. A. Woodward; the Household Treasure of Waite and Meyel; and the Irish National Magazine of W. J. Nicholson, were the contributions of 1875 to the list of Cleveland periodicals. The first suspended publication in a year, its place being taken by the Democratic Sunday Blade which expired a twelve- month later; while the second and third were wrecked in 1876. "Come like shadows, so depart." Five more en- tered the lists in 1876 (possibly some of them in the latter part of '75); the Indicator, published by S. W. Crowell & Co. ; the Little Ones at Home, by M. A. Bee be; the Maria Hilf, of which J. H. Renfert was the editor; the Pictorial World, managed by E. J. Farmer; and the Delnicke Liste (Workingmen's News). The first, third and fourth disappeared the following year, while the second and fifth lasted a twelvemonth longer. The only new venture recorded in 1877 was the Sunday Post, which was absorbed in the Voice the following year. The journalistic adventures of 1878, which have already come to an end, include the Household- Gem and. Pleasure and Profit. The West Side' Sentinel (not tiie present Sentinel) and the Lan- tern, have come and gone during the present year. So also has the State, an anti-Catholic sheet, which began life about the first of February and closed in June. We have thus very briefly summarized the departed periodicals of Cleveland. Possibly a few of them may have escaped onr attention, but this could hardly be avoided under the circumstances. We presume our readers will be satisfied with the number of those whose births and deaths have been thus recorded. We now proceed to submit sketches of those which are still upon earth, and most of which seem likely to make that their habitation for many years to come. THE CLEVELAND HERALD. The oldest newspaper in Cleveland is the Herald, the history of which dates back to 1819. With the exception of a small sheet, started the previous year and publislied irregularly for a short time, the Herald was the first to occupy the newspaper field in Cleve- land. It was started as a weekly in the year above mentioned, the publishers being Z. Willes & Co., and for some time held the field alone. In the summer of 1836 the first daily newspaper was issued by Mr. Whittlesey, under the name of the Gazette, but on the 32d of March, 1837, it was united with the Herald and published as the Daily Herald and Gazette, the proprietors being Whittlesey and Hull. Soon after the consolidation Mr. Hull disposed of his interest to Josiah A. Harris, and after awhile Mr. Whittlesey also ^-"i"3yjLaIa.iL>.i': f''^ THE PRESS. 193 retired and Mr. Harris became sole proprietor of the Herald. At that time the total population of Cleve- land, on both sides of the river, was about six tliou- sand, and the business outlook very dark. But the Herald secured a firm hold of the people by its enter- prise, ability and unflagging devotion to principle, characteristics which it has retained throughout its history. In 1850 a part interest was sold to A. W. Pair- banks, who assumed charge of the publishing depart- ment and added a job office, and in the spring of 1853 George A. Benedict became one of the partners and editors. At the close of the war of the rebellion Mr. Harris retired from the paper, leaving the owner- ship to Fairbanks, Benedict & Co., Mr. Benedict being the editor-in-chief. In the intervening time between the commencement and close of Mr. Harris' connection with the paper, the Herald had grown from a weak, struggling sheet, to a journal of large circulation and commanding influence, aud it had prospered so greatly that, instead of being printed on a press it did not own, it was the owner of a large building completely stocked with powerful presses and materials, and employed a large force. In 1876, Mr. Benedict died, and towards the close of that year his interest in the establishment was purchased by Mr. Fairbanks, who thus became sole owner. Near the end of 1877 the Herald was sold to Messrs. Eichard C. Parsons and William Perry Fogg, and the Herald Publishing Company formed, with Mr. Par- sons as editor-in-chief and Mr. Fogg as president of the company and business manager. With the ad- vent of the new management fresh life was infused into the old and favorite newspaper, and it took its place among the foremost and most widely known journals of the country. Its circulation is large, and its influence great. The Daily Herald is issued morning and evening, there being three regular edi- tions of the evening issue, and there are also tri-weekly and weekly editions with heavy circulations. The staff of editors, reporters, telegraphic correspondents, and paid contributors is large and composed of the best material, no paper of its rank being better appointed in this respect. The politics of the Herald was Whig until the death of that party. It was the first paper in the Union to hoist the name of Fremont for Presi- dent, before his nomination by the first Eepublican national convention, and since that time has always been an advocate of Eepublican principles. Under its present management it is noted for its vigorous and able advocacy of true republicanism, its staunch patriotism, and its fearless criticism of men and measures, whether in connection with politics or other subjects. THE CLEVELAND PLAIN" DEALBK. In 1834 Oanfield & Spencer purchased the Cleve- land Advertiser of W. Woodward. They continued its publication as a Democratic weekly paper until 1836, when they transformed it into a daily. J. W. and A. N. Gray bought the paper in 1841 and changed its name to the Plain Dealer. J. W. Gray managed the editorial department, and he was not long in making the influence of the Plain Dealer felt in the party. Mr. Gray was a terse, trenchant and witty writer, and there was few more readable papers than his. From the start it was uncompromisingly Demo- cratic. Politics, however, did not absorb all the space, for Mr. Gray had a sharp " nose for news," and especially aimed to make his local chronicles lively and entertaining. The earlier issues of the Plain Dealer were not of course up to the mechanical style that at present distinguishes it; but a copy issued seven years after the Grays assumed control, which lies before the writer, is of goodly size and neat typography, and is well filled with editorial, local, miscellaneous and telegraphic news. We itali- cize the last adjective, because telegrams were far less common in 1848 than they are now. The Plain Dealer was conspicuous in the Presiden ■ tial campaigns from 1848 on, especially in 1853 and 1860. In the latter contest it was one of Stephen A. Douglas' principal supporters in his race against Breckenridge, Lincoln and Bell. The editor of the Plain Dealer was a warm personal friend of Mr. Doug- las, and threw his whole soul into his service. When the clouds of civil war darkened the political sky the Plain Dealer threw all of its influence in favor of the government, but Mr. Gray was not long spared to wield his pen in favor of his country. After his death, which occurred in 1862, the paper declined through bad management; but four years later it was purchased by W. W. Armstrong, of TifEin, a veteran editor and publisher, and was thoroughly rehabilita- ted. In 1877, Mr. Armstrong organized the Plain Dealer Publishing Company, and the paper has since been issued under the management of that company, of which W. W. Armstrong is president, and George Hoyt is vice president. Among the gentlemen edito- rially connected with the Plain Dealer who have be- come prominent, may be mentioned H. Bartlett, auditor of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Eailroad Company; J. B. Boughton, now on the staff of tlie New York Commercial Adver- tiser; ex-Judge J. D. Cleveland, a leading member of the Cleveland bar; Bishop McLaren, of the Episco- pal diocese of Illinois; D. E. Locke, celebrated as "Petroleum V. Nasby," and the late Charles Farrar Browne, renowned in America and England as " Ar- temus Ward." The Plain Dealer is now (1879) in the enjoyment of a large circulation, and possesses an influence in the Democratic party surpassed by but one journal in Ohio; it being in all respects and without question the second Democratic daily in the State, 25 194 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. THE CLEVELAND LEADER. The germ of the Leader which has become one of the prominent newspapers of the country, is to be found in a journal established in what was then known as Ohio City (now the "West Side" of Cleveland,) in the year 1844, and called the "Ohio American." It was founded by R. B. Dennis, Esq., who published and edited it as an organ of the old " Liberty Party" till 1845, when it was published by Mr. Edwin Cowles, (the present editor of the Leader who was then but eighteen years old,) and edited by L. L. Rice. In 1846, Mr. Cowles transferred the publication to Mr. M. W. Miller, who continued his connection, in company with Mr. Rice, till 1848. In 1846, Hon. E. S. Hamlin, formerly member of congress from the Lorain district, founded a weekly anti-slavery Whig paper, called the True Democrat. It was first published at Olmsted Falls. In 1847 the True Democrat was moved to Cleveland, where it was changed into a daily. In 1848 the famous Buffalo convention met, com- posed of anti-slavery Whigs, who bolted the nomina- tion of Gen. Taylor; of that branch of the New York Democracy known as "Barnburners," who bolted the nomination of Gen. Cass for the same office, and of the members of the old Liberty party, all of whom formed the Free Soil party, and nominated Martin Van Buren for president, and Charles Francis Adams for vice-president. The Tr%ie Democrat and the American having com- menced occupying the same political platform, were consolidated under the former name. During that year (1848,) Mr. Hamlin transferred the paper to Messrs. James A. Briggs and T. G. Turner, who edited and published it till the following year, when they sold out to Messrs. John C. Vaughan and the late Thomas Brown. In 1851 Mr. George Bradburn, of Boston, became associated with Messrs. Vaughan and Brown as one of the editors of the True Democrat, and the weight of his trenchant pen was felt in the Western Reserve in favor of the cause of the down- trodden slave. In 1853 Mr. Joseph Medill, now editor of the Chi- cago Tribune, came to Cleveland and established the Daily Forest City. The result was that the journalistic field in Cleveland, at that time, was filled with daily papers to more than its supporting capacity, there being the Herald, Plain Dealer and True Democrat to compete with the Forest City. The consequence was that all these papers were losing ventures. In 1853 the Forest City and True Democrat were consol- idated under the name of the Daily Forest City Dem- ocrat. Mr. Edwin Cowles, who was then carrying on the printing business, was taken into partnership, the name of the new firm being Medill, Cowles & Co. Mr. Cowles had charge of the business department, and Messrs. Medill and Vaughan were the editors; Messrs. Bradburn and Brown having retired the year previous. In March, 1854, the long and cumbersome name of the Forest City Democrat was changed to that of the Cleveland Leader, which name the paper has borne ever since. In the spring of 1855, Mr. Cowles pur- chased the interest controlled by Messrs. Medill and Vaughan, and they moved to Chicago, taking with them Mr. Alfred Cowles, brother of Mn Edwin Cowles, who had previously served as book-keeper in the Leader office. The three took possession of tlie Chicago Tribune, then in an exhausted condition financiallyj and raised it to its well known important position. From that time till 1867 Mr. Edwin Cowles was the sole proprietor of the Leader, with the exception of two brief periods, when he admitted partners into the business, from whom, however, he soon separated. In 1856, that veteran journalist, Mr. J. A. Harris, who had edited the Cleveland Herald for the previous twenty years, became associated with Mr. Cowles in the editorial work of the paper, and remained with him till the fall of 1860, when he resigned. At that time Mr. Cowles assumed the editorship, and has held the position ever since. In 1867 the Leader establishment was placed under the control of a stock company, under the name and style of the Cleveland Leader Printing Company, Mr. Cowles retaining a majority of the stock. The busi- ness of this corporation is for the purpose of publish- ing the Leader, and for carrying on its extensive printing establishment, which is celebrated for its handsome ornamental work and its fine book print- ing. This history is a specimen of its work. In this connection we would also mention that the Leader was the first newspaper in the world that was printed on a rotary lightning press which delivered the sheets pasted, with leaves cut at top and folded, all in one operation. Since 1869 the company has also issued an after- noon paper, called the Evening News, which repro- duces the most important articles from the Leader, together with the later telegraphic and other news. The Leader, with its evening edition, has a larger circulation than any other Republican pajaer in the State. The company also publishes the Tri-weekly, the Weekly and the Sunday Leader; all papers of large circulation and wide influence. The officers of the company are as follows: Edwin Cowles, president ; E. H. Perdue, business manager ; B. 0. Wilcox, secretary ; Henry L. Brown, manager of the job printing department, and W. T. Stiimm, foreman of the news room. The directors are: Ed- win Cowles, E. H. Perdue, F. H. Mason, P. G. Wat- mough, B. 0. Wilcox, F. H. Bradner, Henry L. Brown and W. T. Stumm. The editorial stafE consists of the following gentlemen: Edwin Cowles, editor; Capt. F. H. Mason, managing editor, assisted by J. C. Keffer, J. C. Covert, Henry A. Ford, J. H. Ken- nedy, F. H. Bradner, Eugene H. Cowles, and a large force of local reporters, besides two hundred corres- pondents located in all the large cities of the Union V l//?/t«,/fc^^»^ //^ L^^:^~.caJ-'^<_^ THE PESSS. 195 and at all prominent points in the country west of the Alleghenies. The success of the Leader may safely be ascribed not only to its thorough business management, but to its strong advocacy of Republican principles, to its bold position on all questions of the day, (opposing slavery when slavery was powerful, and now opposing every description of tyranny, whatever) and last, not least, to its being emphatically a live news paper in every sense of the word. Mr. Cowles is now the sen- ior editor of Cleveland. The Leader has risen to its present position under his editorial management, and he will doubtless continue the work of improvement until it shall be the peer in power of any journal in the west. THE OHIO FARMER. This paper, a weeitly agricultural, live stock and family journal, was established in January, 1848, by Thomas Brown. He built up for it a fair circulation, and an enviable reputation as an enterprising agri- cultural paper; but, becoming financially embarrassed, relinquished his control of it in August, 1862. It then passed into the hands of William B. Pairchild, as publisher, and Sullivan D. Harris, as editor. At this time the Ohio Cultivator, which was estab- lished in 1845, and was for seventeen years conducted by M. B. Bateham and S. D. Harris, at Columbus, Ohio, was purchased and consolidated with the Oliio Farmer, which became the only agricultural paper of the State. In December, 1866, Mr. Fairchild sold his interest as publisher to A. W. Parker. On the 29th of October, 1867, Mr. Parker died, and the publica- tion was continued by Mr. Harris alone until Janu- ary following, when the services of George B. Blake- lee were secured as associate editor. On the 1st of January, 1869, Mr. Harris retired, and Mr. Blakelee became editor and proprietor. While the paper had, up to this time, maintained a high standard of excellence, and enjoyed a fair patronage, it had brought financial ruin upon each of its managers. In December, 1873, M. J. Lawrence purchased the paper from Mr. Blakelee, and became sole editor and proprietor. He shortly afterward procured the assist- ance of M. E. Williams as associate editor, and under the management of these gentlemen the paper is now conducted. The Ohio Farmer, at the present time, has a large and steadily increasing circulation, and takes a promi- nent position in American agricultural journalism. Its circulation extends throughout Ohio and the neigh- boring States of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ken- tucky, Indiana and Michigan, and it is well known in every State and territory of the Union. In 1874 Mr. Lawrence purchased the Buckeye Farmer, a paper for several years published at West Salem, Ohio, and united it with the Ohio Farmer. In February, 1879, he also purchased the American Farm Journal, for nine years published at Toledo, Ohio, and consolidated that paper with the Farmer. This paper stands to-day upon a firm and substan- tial basis, successful financially and in point of circu- lation, and is assuredly tM agricultural organ of the State. WAECHTBE AM ERIE. The title of this leading German newspaper in Northern Ohio, reads in English " Sentinel on Erie." The present editor, proprietor and publisher, Mr. A. Theime, was its original proprietor, and issued the first number August 9, 1852. In 1866, Mr. Theime organized a stock company, called the Waechter am Erie Company, by which the publication of the journal was continued until 1871. In that year Mr. Theime resumed sole charge of it, and since that date its proprietary status has remained the same. Early in its history, although substantially independent in politics, the paper inclined toward Democracy, and this tone it maintained until the or- ganization of the Liberal Republican party, of which, in Ohio, Mr. Theime was one of the pioneers, when its infiuence was carried over to that organization. Since the demise of Liberal Republicanism the Waechter am Erie has aimed to pursue a liberal but independent course touching the political questions of the day. The paper contains four pages, with thirty-two columns, issues daily and weekly editions, and enjoys not only a wide circulation, but also an important place as a director of public opinion. PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIA- TION. The first efEort at establishing a publishing house for the Evangelical Association, was made in 1816, when the organization was about sixteen years old, and the whole membership numbered only one thousand four hundred persons. The immediate instrumentality of this enterprise was the late Father John Dreisbaoh, then a young man. While on a visit to Philadelphia he bought, at his own expense, the necessary outfit for a small printing office and book bindery, of which he made the conference a present. Preparations were then made to carry the project into effect. The conference appointed a book commission, consisting of seven members, to which was assigned the erection and management of a print- ing establishment. A small wooden building, twenty by twenty-six feet, one story and a half high, was erected on a part of the lot occupied by the first church edifice of the Association, at New Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania, in which the business was established on a basis, as was then thought, ade- quate to the demands of the organization. A book agent and assistant were at once elected, and work commenced. But the Bhurch was too young and weak properly to support such an institution, and the concern became involved, adjusted its affairs, and ceased its operations. From this time on until 1836, book publishing was still carried on, but the work was contracted for. In November, 1836, at a special meeting of the General Conference, it was decided to 196 GENEEAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. again locate a book establishment at New Berlin, Pennsylvania, which was done the nest year. The church in its further development, as well as the business of the establishment, extended westward, and in 1851, the General Conference ordered the re- moval of the publishing house to Cleveland. This was consummated in 1854, and the new building erected on Woodland avenue, then called Kinsman street, where the business is still carried on. It was far up town, almost out of the city, and considering its position m a comparatively unsettled neighbor- hood, was quite imposing. It was forty feet front and sixty-five feet deep, and three and a half stories high. Though larger than necessary at first, some departments soon became cramped for room. Thou- sands of dollars worth of work was refused for want of printing facilities. This led to the erection in the year 1874 of a new building for store and ofB.ce purposes, while the old was to remain as the manufacturing department. The new block occupies lots 214 and 316, Woodland avenue, adjoining the former premises. It has a front- age of fifty-five feet aad a half, with a depth on Vine street of eighty feet and a half. It is four stories high, of brick, with best cut sandstone, rubbed surface, window sills and caps, the caps on the front being belted together with stone. The first story, on Wood- land avenue is all standstone, with large windows, having single panes of best British plate glass. The building throughout is substantial and convenient in its arrangements, being provided with all needed modern improvements, and is heated by steam radi- ators in the different rooms distributing the heat. The business of the Publishing House continued to increase until it became necessary to erect still another building. In October, 1877, the Board of Publication ordered this improvement, and in September, 1878, the building was ready for occupancy. It fronts on Harmon street, and in style of architecture corre- sponds with that erected a few years ago on Woodland avenue, for the book store and clerical and literary departments, — brick, with stone sills, caps and trim- mings. Indeed, what has thus far been finished is only a part of the block that is eventually to occupy the entire premises, and was planned from the begin- ning. It measures thirty-five feet by sixty-eight feet, has four stories besides basement, with large and well lighted rooms, and is built throughout in a most su.bstantial manner, of the very best material. Thus, originating in a small way in New Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania, in the year 1837, with an investment of about two hundred dollars, this has become- one of the largest publishing houses in the country. The business of the association requires a capital of three hundred and eighty-tWo thousand dol- lars, and furnishes employment to nearly one hundred hands, besides having a large branch house in Ger- many and a depository in Canada. The range of its business includes a wholesale and retail bookstore, and the publication of books and periodicals. The follow- ing English publications are a part of its periodical literature: The Evangelical Messenger, The Sunday School Messenger, The Blackboard, My Lesson and The Evangelical Lesson Leaf, weekly; The Living Epis- tle, The Eva7igeUcal Teacher and The Sunday School Messenger, monthly, and a semi-monthly edition of The Sunday School Messenger. In the German lan- guage it publishes Der Christliche Botschafter, (the oldest and most widely circulated religious weekly in the country,) Der Christliche Kinderfreund, Die Wandtafel, Laemmeriueide and Das Evangelische LectionsUatt, weekly; Das Evangelische Magazin and Der Christliche Kinderfreund, monthly; and Der Christliche Kinderfreund, semi-monthly. In Ger- many it issues Der Evangelische Botschafter, weekly, and Der Evangelische Kinderfreund, monthly. The issues in America average one hundred thousand copies per week; those in Germany twelve thousand. This house is a church association, under the authority of the General Conference of the Evangelical Associa- tion, which appoints its officers and a board of publi- cation to act in. the interim of its sessions, and is under the direct management of a publishing agent. Its net profits, beyond what is needed for its own develop- ment, are devoted to benevolent purposes, being divided among the annual conferences, for the support of poor ministers, or ministers' widows and orphans. The present publishing agent who has served for the last nine years, is Eev. W. F. Schneider. PBEIODICALS OF THE ETAKGELICAL ASSOCIATION. DEB OHEISTLICHE BOTSCHAFTEE. The Christliche Botschafter was established by the fifth General Conference of the Evangelical Asso- ciation, held at Orwigsburg, May 25, 1835. The first number was issued January 1, 1836, at New Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania. It was eight and a half inches broad and ten and three-eighths inches long, and had eight pages. With the beginning of 1840, the Botschafter ap- peared, somewhat enlarged, and semi-monthly. This volume was commenced with two thousand and sev- enty subscribers. With the fifteenth volume (1850,) it was enlarged and furnished with new type. In 1855, the Bots- chafter appeared in a considerably enlarged form. Prom November of that year it was published weekly. In 1867, it was again enlarged. The subscription price was raised in 1868 to two dollars and the paper again considerably enlarged. At present it numbers over nineteen thousand subscribers, and is the oldest, largest, and most extensively circulated German relig- ious newspaper published in America. DEE OHEISTLICHE KINDERFEEUKD. A German Sunday-school paper, well illustrated. It was commenced in June, 1856, with five thousand subscribers, and its maximum number now is over thirty thousand. It is highly valued by its many THE PRESS. 197 readers on account of its excellent reading matter and pictures. Three editions are issued; weekly, semi- monthly and monthly. DAS ETAKGBLIS.CHE MAGAZIN. Das Evangelische Magazin was established in July, 1869, as a private enterprise. The General Conference of the Evangelical Association purchased it in 1871, and has since ordered material improve- ments. It is now a monthly magazine of thirty-six large pages, ably edited, beautifully printed, finely illustrated, designed to entertain and instruct in the family circle, and devoted to the interests of the Sun- day-school and its promoters. It enjoys a continually increasing circle of readers, and is an especial favorite of those who are friends of a literature that is healthy and sound, and at the same time entertaining. It has a circulation of over eight thousand. The sub- scription price is one dollar and twenty-five cents a year. LAEMMBKWEIDE. This is a weekly illustrated juvenile paper, estab- lished in 1876, and particularly designed for infant Sunday-school classes. It is printed in large type on tinted paper. It contains the lesson for the respec- tive Sunday, but put in a form to suit young children. EVAN^GELISCHBS LECTIONSBLATT. A lesson leaf containing the lessons of the Interna- tional S. S. series with golden text, topic, questions, and practical applications. DIE WANDTAFEL. Die Wandtafel is an exact f ac-simile of a real black- board, thirty-two by forty-eight inches in size, and designed to illustrate the International Sunday School Lessons. It was started in January, 1879, and is issued weekly and mailed to siibscribers at three dol- lars a year, or one dollar per quarter. THE ESTGLISH EVANGELICAL MESSENGEK. The Evangelical Messenger was begun in New Berlin, Union county, Pennsylvania, on the 8th of January, 1848. It started with eight hundred subscribers. It was a royal sheet of four pages. It had sixteen col- umns of reading matter, but no advertisements, and was issued semi-monthly. The subscription price was one dollar. A new volume of the Messenger was commenced with the year 1851. It was reduced in form to a demi quarto sheet of eight pages. In August of 1864, it was advanced to one dollar and twenty-five cents, and so continued until the end of 1867. At the commencement of 1868 the price was raised to two dollars. In November, 1861, the Messenger appeared as a weekly, without change of size or price. Eighteen hundred and sixty-eight ushered in its last and great- est change. It then assumed its present form and price. It has at present a circulation of between nine thousand and ten thousand. THE LIVIlfG EPISTLE. The Living Epistle was founded in January, 1869, and published by a company as a private enterprise. It became the property of the Evangelical Association in January, 187:^, and has since been published by it. It is a monthly magazine of thirty-two pages, devoted to the spread of Scriptural holiness and a pure literature. EVANGELICAL SUNDAY SCHOOL TEACHEB. The Evangelical Sunday School Teacher was estab- lished in January, 1876, to meet the wants of those in the Evangelical church who were inquiring for a low-priced standard magazine, containing notes, expla- nations and illustrations of the International Sunday School Lessons. It has made its way into public favor, and has a fair circulation. SUNDAY SCHOOL MESSENGER. The Messenger is an illustrated paper for the Sun- day school and home. Its issue commenced in June, 1864, and it has reached a circulation of about thirty- five thousand copies. The appearance and mechanical execution of the Messenger are above the average of papers of this character. Three editions are pub- lished, weekly, semi-monthly and monthly. MY LESSON. This illustrated weekly was established in 1876, and is adapted to scholars in infant classes. It presents the lesson in a very simple form, and is printed on tinted paper, presenting an attractive appearance. EVANGELICAL LESSON LEAF. This contains the International Sunday School Les- son, with remarks adapted to intermediate or ad- vanced classes. It is a valuable help to both teachers and scholars, containing the golden text, topic, questions, and practical applications. THE SUNDAY SCHOOL BLACKBOAED. The BlacTcboard is a weekly sheet, designed to illus- trate, in the exact style and form of a blackboard, the International Sunday School Lessons. It is printed on heavy paper, thirty-two by forty-eight inches in size. Its publication commenced with January, 1879, and it has found its way into all the States and Ter- ritories. EEFOEMED CHUECH PUBLICATIONS. The German Publishing House of the Reformed Church in the United States was established in Cleve- land in 1860, when the publications were limited to ihQ Reformirte Kirchen Zeitung , {Reformed Church Journal) a weekly issue, originally published in Tifiin — beginning in 1857 — under private enterprise as The 198 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Evangelist. Following upon the first named paper, Der Laemmerhirte {The Shepherd) was put forward as a monthly and semi-monthly Sunday School pub- lication, and in 1876, Die Abend Lust {The Evening Joy) was added as a journal for general circulation. These three named newspapers, and a small Sunday School pamphlet called Lections Blaetter {Lesson Leaf) comprise the issues of the house, the business of which is carried on by H. J. Ruetenik, at 991 Scranton Avenue, as business agent and editor. brainakd's musical world. In 1854 the Cleveland music-publishing house of S. Brainard & Co. issued an eight-page monthly jour- nal devoted to the interests of music, and its success proved so substantial that successive increases in volume to sixteen, to thirty-two and to forty pages, followed as a necessity. S. Brainard's Sons, as the successors of S. Brainard & Co., conduct the publica- tion now, and as the firm has also branch houses in Chicago and Cincinnati, the Musical World is issued simultaneously the first of each month in the three cities. Karl Merz is the managing editor and is as- sisted by a full corps of capable writers. GERMAN BAPTIST PUBLICATIONS AND PUBLISHIisTG SOCIETY. In the year 1851 there were only five German Bap- tist ministers in this country, with churches number- ing but four hundred and one members. From that time until 1878, there were nearly ten thousand bap- tisms, and the number of pastors increased to one hundred and thirty. At the Triennial Conference of the German Bap- tists of the United States and Cauadas, held at Ber- lin, Ontario, in 1866, Phillip W. Biekel was elected editor and secretary of the society. For some months previous, there had been published a monthly paper called Der Sendlote des Evangeliums, but at this meeting the name was changed to Der Sendhote, and the publication issued weekly instead of monthly. From that time the society dates its progress. A general desire for a greater extension of the work and usefulness of the society was expressed, and for this more capital was needed. J. T. Burghardt, of the German Baptist Church of Louisville, Kentucky, of- fered to give to the society a cash donation of $3,000 with the condition that the German churches would make up an equal sum. They did so, making up the whole sum and more. These cash donations were used; in the year 1872, in buying a piece of property on Forest street. A house was erected, type, presses and machinery were bought, and books, tracts and papers were published and distributed throughout the country. In June, 1874, the building was partially destroyed by fire. This loss was more seriously felt as there was no insurance on the property. The new building, on the corner of Payne avenue and Dalton street, was completed and occupied by the society in May, 1878. The agent of the society is H. Shulte. It is now publishing the following papers: DER SENDBOTE. This is the only German Baptist weekly published in this country, and was established in January, 1866. It is an eight-page paper, twenty-six by thirty-eight inches in size, and is strictly denominational. Its circulation is about four thousand copies. DER MUNTERE SiBMANN. (the cheerful sower.) The first number of this monthly was issued January 1 1866. It is non-denominational, and published for the benefit of the Sunday School and home circle generally. Its circulation is nine thousand five hun- dred. DIE SONNTAGSFREUDE. (the stjndat joy.) This publication is for the use of Sunday Schools. The first number was issued in January, 1873. It is published monthly, and contains the international series of lessons which have been introduced into nearly all Christian denominations. It is denomina- tional in its tendency. Its circulation is three thou- sand eight hundred. DER AVEGWEISER. (the guide.) This is a monthly publication for the use of the churches. Its intention is to lead strangers to the church. It was started in January, 1876, and has a circulation of thirty-two hundred copies, distributed gratuitously. THE TRADE REVIEW. The weekly newspaper now published under the above title, was established in January, 1868, by Messrs. Geo. H. Adams, Ezra S. Adams and Kipp Stone under the name of The Ohio Weekly Review. The paper was a success from the start, yielding large - returns to the proprietors. After a few months the Messrs. Adams purchased the interest of Mr. Stone, at the rate of ten thousand dollars for the whole, and continued the publication on their own account. At a subsequent date the title of the paper was changed to that of Qomrnercial Eevietv, as more expressive of the character of the publication. This in turn gave place to that of Manufacturiiig and Trade Review, under which title it continued to July, 1879, when it passed into the hands of the Review Publishing Com- pany, who dropped the word "manufacturing" as being too long, and continued the publication under the shorter and more convenient title of The Trade Review. The character of the paper remains, how- ever, substantially as heretofore, as an organ of the manufacturing, industrial and commercial interests of the West. It is under the editorial management of Mr. Geo. C. Davies, an early resident of this city, but for many years past of Cincinnati and Dayton. THE PEESS. 199 THE BEEEA ADVERTISER. TliC Advertiser was first issued on the 20th day of June, 1868, by the Berea Job Printing Company, and then bore its present name. On the ITth of April, 1869, C. Y. Wheeler became editor and proprietor, and conducted the paper, under the name of Grind- stone City Advertiser, until February 17, 1871, when it was purchased by Gardner and Wilcox, who became editors and proprietors. Mr. Wilcox retired on the 22nd of September, 1872, and P. B. Gardner then published the 'paper till March 27, 1874, when he transferred it to W. H. Pearce. It was conducted by him until September 1, 1877, when it was purchased by the Republican Printing Company; H. E. Foster and H. F. Kastendieck becoming editors, and B. D. Peebles business manager. Mr. Foster and Kasten- dieck both retired from the editorial management within the year; since then the paper has been con- ducted with marked success by Mr. E. D. Peebles. In January, 1879, the name was changed to The Berea Advertiser. LOCOMOTIVE engineers' JOURNAL. The first number of this monthly, under the style of Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers' Monthly Journal, was published in January, 1867, the oflSces then being located at Rochester, New York. S. R. Mudge was the first editor. In October, 1868, the executiye offices were removed to Ft. Wayne, Indiana, and the publication continued at that place, under the editorship of Wilson and Mudge. In 1870, the offices were again changed, and Cleveland made the head- quarters of the Grand International Division, where the publication has since been carried on. The Jour- nal is a forty-eight page pamphlet, and devoted to the interests of the locomotive department of rail- roads. The monthly circulation of the Journal amounts to about ten thousand copies, which are taken throughout all parts of the United States and Canadas. Quite a number of copies also go to Eng- land, Scotland, Central India and Central America. The present editors are P. M. Arthur, G. C. E., and T. S. Ingraham, F. G. E. THE SUNDAY VOICE. The first number of the Stinday Morning Voice was issued on the 15th of October, 1871. The parties originally engaged in the publication of the paper were W. S. Robison, L. 0. Rawson, Thomas White- head and E. 0. Hardy. Before the close of the first year, however, W. S. Robison purchased the interests of the other parties, and became sole proprietor. During the first year or more of its existence, the paper had to combat the strong popular prejudice against Sunday papers, and the enterprise was con- sequently unprofitable. It made steady progress, however, and before the completion of its second year was on a paying basis, and had become an acknowl- edged necessity. From that time till now it has maintained a vigorous hold upon the popular regard, and realized a fair degree of prosperity. In June, 1878, Hon. 0. J. Hodge having purchased the Sun- day Post, that paper was consolidated with the Voice, and the title became the Sunday Voice and Post, Subsequently Post was dropped, and the present name adopted — the Cleveland Voice. The proprie- tors are Messrs. Robison and Hodge, under the style of the Voice Publishing Company, Mr. Hodge being editor-in-chief, and Mi*. Robison, business manager. The consolidation of the two competing Sunday papers proved a highly advantageous arrangement, both for the public and the parties in interest. The popular- ity of the Voice was never so wide-spread and firmly rooted as at present, and its advance keeps steady pace with the growth of the community. Mr. E. 0. Hardy is still connected with the paper, occupying the position of associate editor, while Mr. C. C. Ruth- rauff, who has been on the paper for the past six years, is its city editor. The office of publication is No. 118, Seneca street. THE CLEVELAND ANZEIGER. The Cleveland Anzeiger was founded August 15, 1871, by Henry Gentz, and issued tri-weekly as an independent German newspaper until August 5, 1873, when it was bought by a stock company of prominent Republicans of Cuyahoga county, and issued daily and weekly. Since this time it has been the Re- publican German organ of Northern Ohio. January 1, 1874 the stock company sold out to Bohm, Kraus & Co. ; two years after this Mr. Kraus became exclu- sive owner of the paper, but sold out on September 1, 1877, to Mr. KaufEmann, one of the editors of the Cincinnati Volksblatt. Since that time the paper has been published by Mr. Kauflmau, who is its editor. Daily circulation, two thousand three hundred; weekly and Sunday, two thousand eight hundred. DIE BIENE. DieBiene was established in 1872, the first number being issued January 1st. It was, at that time, Demo- cratic in politics, and under the charge of William Miller as editor. In 1876, a stock company was formed, at which time the political sentiment of the paper was changed, and it has since continued as an independent Sunday morning weekly. Its circulation is about fifteen hundred. In addition to their weekly paper, the Biene Pub- lishing Company furnish "insides" for twenty-two different German and English weeklies in Ohio and other States. The editorial department is under the charge of Henry Minnig. STANDARD OF THE CROSS. This is a forty-column weekly, devoted to the in- terests of the Episcopal church, and is published by W. C. French, who has the assistance of his son in editing it. The Standard of the Cross was first issued August 18, 1868, at Oberlin, Ohio, as a continuation 200 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COtJNTY. JL of the Western Episcopalian, published till that time at Gambler, which was itself a continuation of the Gambier Observer, started by Bishop Chase in 1832. W. C. French was the proprietor of the journal upon its first issue in August, 1868, and in 1873 he removed it to Cleveland, where it has since then retained its location. THE CHRISTIAN HARVESTER. This paper, whose title bears the explanatory affix of "A Holiness Journal," was first published in De- cember, 1872, by James W. P. Fackler as The Mission Harvester, and was then devoted to " the work of mis- sions and holiness." In July, 1874, Thomas K. Doty, the present editor and publisher assumed control, and changed the title to the one now borne. The Har- vester is a small sheet of twenty-four columns, and till January, 1878, was a monthly publication. Since that time, the issues have been monthly and semi- monthly. SOUTH CLEVELAND ADVOCATE. In 1873, Harry H. Nelson started a weekly news- paper in that part of Cleveland known as Newburg, calling it All Around the Clock. Shortly afterwards he changed the name to The South Cleveland Advo- cate, and as such continues to publish it. Mr. Nelson is still' its editor and publisher. Its politics are Republican and its issue weekly, with thirty-two col- umns. THE HOME COMPANION. This is a small eight-page literary journal "for boys and girls" and is issued semi-monthly. It was started m 1873, by S. L. Thorpe & Brother, who were succeed- ed in 1874, by S. L. Thorpe, the present editor and publisher. The circulation of the Home Companion is confined exclusively to territory beyond Cleveland. Arnest worker. In the spring of 1874, the Committee on Ways and Means of the Women's Christian Association, was called upon to provide a new method for raising funds. After a number of plans had been discussed and re- jected, it was finally decided to publish a monthly paper, having two objects in view; to be a medium of communication, and a source of revenue. The first number of the Earnest Worker appeared in June, 1874, under the editorship of Miss Emma Janes. Miss Janes occupied the editor's chair for six months, and then left Cleveland, after which the work for the remainder of the year was carried on by the Publishing Committee. With the opening of the second volume in June, 1875, Mrs. Howard M. Ing- ham was elected to the position of editor, which she has since retained. The paper has been warmly supported, and has met with general favor. The total profits during the first four years of its existence, were over fifteen hundred dollars. The officers of the Publishing Committee are Mrs. E. C. Standart, chairman; Miss H. A. Hurlbut, secretary. THE CATHOLIC UNIVERSE. This journal was established in 1874, the first number being issued July 4th. Rev. T. P. Thorpe was appointed editor of the paper by its founder, Rt. Rev. R. Gilmour, and by degrees secured for it re- cognition from the press and public, as a staunch de- fender of catholic principles and catholic rights. The reverend editor, having charge of a congregation while conducting the paper, found it difficult to do justice to both of these positions, and was in 1877, at his own request, relieved from the editorship. He was suc- ceeded by Manly Tello in August, 1877. Under his able management the Universe has not only held its former commanding position, but has continued to increase in strength and influence, so that it now ranks among the very foremost of the catholic papers of the United States. Its circulation, at first confined to this diocese, now extends to the adjoining States, and it has more or less subscribers in every diocese in the country. It now numbers between seven and eight thousand bona fide subscribers, and its list is increas- ing weekly. THE CHAGRIN FALLS EXPONENT was established Januai7 1, 1874, by J. J. Stranahan and P. Hohler. The paper was started as a seven- column folio, but only continued as such a few weeks, when it was enlarged to a six-eolumn quarto, which size it still bears. In 1875 the firm of Stranahan & Hohler was dissolved, Mr. Hohler retiring, and since then Mr. Stranahan has been sole proprietor and edi- tor. Mr. Frank F. Stranahan has filled the position of local editor for four years. The Exponent office is now located in Shute's block, and is supplied with a cylinder press and all modern machinery and material. It makes a specialty of dairy news, and claims to furnish more reading-matter of this character than any other paper in the United States, except those which are conducted exclusively as dairy papers. It has a circulation of nearly two thousand copies and its list is rapidly increasing, as a natural result of the enterprise exhibited in its management. It has been from the first, and still is, independent in politics, but vigorous in the treatment of all subjects requiring its attention. SUNDAY MORNING TIMES. The Times was established May 7, 1876, by John P. O'Brien, having offices at No. 91 Seneca street. In 1879 the location was changed to Nos. 34 and 36 Long street. THE EVENING TIMES. This daily evening paper was also founded by John P. O'Brien, with offices on Long street, April 34, 1879. These papers still remain under the charge of Mr. O'Brien as editor and proprietor. In politics they are liberal, with democratic proclivities. THE PRESS. 201 THE ADVANCE. In the summer of 1877 the Industrial Publishing Company was organized to start a weekly greenback paper. Richard Harrison was the first president of the company, with J. A. Harrison as secretary, and Robert Schilling as editor and business manager. The paper was called the Labor Advocate, but the name was changed to Labor Advance, as another paper called the Advocate was being published in the city. The paper was issued successfully for about a year, when the company transferred its inter- est to the firm of Schilling and Pate, who made the paper a daily. The name, however, being too long for convenience, it was changed by dropping the word "Labor," and calling the paper the Daily Ad- vance. The first number of the daily was issued August 18, 1878. The editorial stafE consists at pres- ent of Robert Schilling, editor-in-chief; Egbert Haz- ard, managing editor; W. H. Hudson, local editor; M. Cashberg, telegraph and amusement editor; Wm. Pate, Jr., attends to the business management. The Ad- vance has, however, within a short time again been made a weekly paper. It has a very large circulation, extending into nearly every State of the Union, and to more than four hundred post-ofSces in Ohio. DBNNICE NOVOVEKU. This is a Bohemian newspaper whose title signifies " Morning Star of a New Era." It is said to be the only Bohemian paper in the State, and dates its ex- istence from October, 1877, when it was issued by Vaclav Snajdr and Frank Korizek. In March, 1878, Mr. Korizek retired, and since that time Mr. Snajdr has been the sole editor and publisher. The paper is issued every Wednesday, is printed entirely in the Bohemian language, and contains forty-eight columns of matter. THE CLEVELAND LAW REPORTEK. This journal, a weekly, devoted to the interests of the legal profession, was established in 1878, its first number appearing on the 1st of January. It was originally a four-page paper, but with the thirteenth issue was enlarged to eig:ht pages. It contains decis- ions of the United States Supreme Court, United States Circuit Court, syllabi of decisions of the Ohio Supreme Court, Courts of last resort in other States, Courts of Common Pleas, and District Courts of Northern Ohio; also a record of all suits commenced, motions and demurrers filed and decided, judgments of Cuyahoga county Common Pleas, all property transfers, mechanic's liens, and assignments. The subscription price of the Reporter is two dollars per annum. J. G-. Pomerene, an attorney and stenogra- pher of the courts, is editor and publisher. THE HARDWARE REPORTER represents the hardware, metal, implement, stove, glass and paint trades, and is published weekly by the National Iron and Steel Publishing Company, Cleve- land, Pittsburg and Chicago. The Reporter was started in Pittsburg in 1869, and in October, 1878, its management, directed now as heretofore by Messrs. F. Protzman and J. H. Ilillerman, was transferred to Cleveland. Besides a weekly issue, the paper has also a monthly number called the Export Edition, devoted mainly to the export trade. THE ONE CENT WEEKLY. The One Cent Weekly is an exclusively literary jour- nal. It was founded by Hartley & Hynes, the present proprietors, in 1879, and the first number was issued June 31st of that year. The original name was The Penny Weekly, but a change to the present title was almost immediately effected. It is published every Saturday, contains forty columns of reading matter, claims a circulation of ten thousand, and is probably the only paper in the country that furnishes the same amount of material for the price of one cent. THE PENNY PRESS. This smart evening journal, although but an infant, has already pushed its way prominently forward into wide circulation. E. W. Scripps and J. S. Sweeny its present proprietors, were formerly attaches of the Detroit Evening News. They started the Cleveland Penny Press November 2, 1878, as a twenty column paper, eighteen by twenty-four, and have apparently made the enterprise a paying one. It is now a twenty- four column journal, eighteen by twenty-eight, is a strictly evening issue with four daily editions, is inde- pendent in politics, tod claims an average city cii-cu- lation of six thousand five hundred and a country circulation of six thousand. E. W. Scripps is the editor and J. T. Sweeny the business manager. THE SENTINEL. This is a weekly four-page journal, published on the West Side by Welfare & Saumenig, and circulated chiefly in the western and southern portions of the city. Its first number was issued May 24, 1879, by the present publishers whose efforts have thus far met with a fair measure of success. The Sentinel is inde- pendent in politics, and aims to make local news a feature. 26 202 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER XXXVIII. COLLEGES. Origin of Baldwin University— Liberality of Mr. Baldwin— First Faculty —First Buildings— The German Department— German Wallace College The Relation of the two Institutions— The College of Pharmacy— Hulet Hall— Ladies' Hall — The Preparatory Departmenl^The Collegiate Department— Classical and Scientific Courses— Elective Studies— The Successive Presidents— The Present Faculty —Foundation of German Wallace College— The First Faculty— Changes of Officers— The Present Faculty — The AiTangeraent with the University — Special Attention to German Language and Literature— German Literary Societies— The Buildings— The Founders of Cleveland Medical College— Its Organiza- tion as a Department of Western Reserve College— Erection of Build- ings—First Faculty— Number.of Graduates— Present Faculty— Homceo- pathic Hospital College— Its Age— First Faculty— First Building— The Riot — Removed to the Hights — Distinction and Prosperity — The Hos- pital—The Faculty of 1879— Medical Department of University of Wooster — Its Predecessor — The Faculty of 1870 — Number of Gradu- ates—The Faculty of 1879. BALDWIN UNIVEESITf . This institution had its origin in Baldwin Institute, which was established at Berea in 1844, and of which an account is given in the history of the township of Middleburg. The institute was transformed into a university in 1856. The new, as well as the old, institution was under the auspices of the Northern Ohio conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and like the old one, too, was due to the liberality of Hon. John Baldwin, who, at the time last men- tioned, made a large donation of land and money, in addition to what he had previously given to the in- stitute. The first faculty of the university consisted of the following members: Rev. John Wheeler, A.M., pres- ident and professor of mental and moral science; Rev. Jeremiah Tingley, A.M., vice-president and professor of the natural sciences; Rev. William H. Barnes, A.B., professor of the Latin and Greek languages; Gaylord H. Hartupee, professor of mathematics. Besides th£ gentlemen named. Miss Rosanna Baldwin was precep- tress during the forepart of the year, and Miss Emily A. Covel during the latter part; Miss Eugenia A. Mor- rison was teacher of music, and Miss Sarah A. Storer of French, etc. The buildings transferred to the college by the in- stitute were the Old Hall, built in 1845, and the South Hall, a three story edifice, finished in 1853. There was a preparatory department, which continued to attract the same class of students as had formerly attended the institute, but the college course proper had, for a time, comparatively few attendants, al- though the number steadily increased. For many years Mr. Baldwin regularly paid to the institution the interest on ten thousand dollars, which was ap- plied to its support. In 1858 a German department was formed, under the management of 0. Henning, Ph.D. After 1859, for several years, it was taught by the Rev. Jacob Rothweiler, and was remarkably successful, attract- ing a large and increasing number of students. In 1863 the German Wallace college was founded, of which a sketch is given further on. In organization the two institutions are entirely separate, but they yet su.stain very intimate relations with each other. Baldwin University instructs the students of both in Latin, mathematics and the natural sciences. Ger- man Wallace College performs a similar service for both sets of students in Greek; French and music. Members of each institution are admitted free to the recitations iti the other; these recitations being in English at the university, and in German at the col- lege. It will be seen at once that this system fur- nishes an admirable inethod of giving the attendants of both establishments a thorough and scholarly knowledge of both the great languages mentioned, and the fact has been widely recognized, as is shown by the large number of youth who have sought tlie advantages named. In 1865 a college of pharmacy was established it connection with the university, but the number of those who desired to become practical druggists was not sufficient to justify the movement, and it has been abandoned. In 1868 another large hall was completed, called Hulet, in honor of Fletcher Huiet, Esq., a large ben- eficiary of the university. It is of stone, ninety feet by fifty-six, and two stories high, and contains a large chapel and five fine recitation rooms. In 1872 the old hall, built in 1845, was removed. A very fine large hall, of stone, to be known as Ladies' Hall, is now in course of construction, which when completed will be one of the finest structures of the kind in the State. The preparatory department contains three classes, the junior, middle and senior; in which students are thoroughly instructed in the higher English branches and in the elements of the classics — are, in fact, in common parlance, prepared for college. There is also a scientific preparatory course of one year, in whioh the higher mathematics are substituted for Greek. The collegiate department comprises the ordinary four classes, freshmen, sophomore, junior and senior, but there are two courses, classical and scientific, running through them all. The former is the usual college course; in the latter Latin is made a subordi- nate study and Greek is entirely ignored in favor of German, or French, and the most abstruse branches of mathematics and natural science. All the depart- ments and courses are open to both sexes. Not only are the two courses elective, but in the junior and senior years of each there are five or six studies prescribed, from which the student may elect three, proficiency in which insures a diploma. Whether this "go-as-you-please" way is conducive to sound and thorough culture is a question to be de- cided by time. The Rev. John Wheeler, A.M., was president of the university from 1855 to 1872; W. D. Godmau, A. M., from 1872 to 1875, and Aaron Schuyler, LL.D., from 1875 to the present time. William 0. Peirce, S.T.D., was vice president from 1860 to 1872; being also, at that time as well as now, professor of the nat- ural sciences. The following is a list of the faculty for barrassment. Its supporters have labored on, how- ^.^^ ry^^^^5^^^^^^^==^ COLLEGES. 203 theyear ending in Jane, 1879; some of them, howeyer, performing their labors in German Wallace College, according to the arrangement before mentioned: Aaron Schuyler, LL.D., president, and professor of philosophy and applied mathematics; William C. Peirce, S.T.D., professor {Emeritus) of nitural sci- ence, and lecturer on the evidences of Christianity; Ellen H. Warner, A.M., preceptress, and professor of pure mathematics; Clara E. Schuyler, A.M., profes- sor of rhetoric and English literature; Carl Riemen- schneider, Ph.D., professor of the Greek language and literature; Archie M. Mattison, professor of the Latin language and literature; Victor Wilker, A.M., professor of German and French; James A. Dodge, Ph.D., professor of natural science; William K. Grannis, professor of instrumental and tocal music, and principal of the commercial department; Mattie L. Bigelow, instructor in painting and drawing. GERMAN WALLACE COLLEGE. This literary and classical institution, located in the village of Berea, was founded in 1863, and was incorporated and opened in 1864. The board of trustees consists of thirteen members, four of whom are residents of the county. The first faculty was composed of the following persons: Eev. Wm. Nast, D.D., president; Eev. J. Eothweiler, vice president; P. W. Mosblech, Ph.D.; Albert N"ast; Mary Hasen- pflug. During the first collegiate year (1864-65) there were forty students in attendance; which num- ber has of late increased to one hundred and twenty, one-sixth of whom are ladies. In 1867 Eev. J. Eothweiler, the first vice president and resident manager, was succeeded in office by Eev. F. Schuler, who held the position until 1873, when he was followed by the present incumbent, Eev. P. P. Schneider. Since 1874 there has been no change in the faculty, which is constituted as follows: Rev. William Nast, D.D., president; Eev. P. F. Schneider, vice president and resident manager; Carl Eicmen- schneider, Ph.D., professor of ancient languages; C. F. Paulus, D.D., professor of Biblical literature; Vic- tor Wilker, A.M., professor of modern languages; Julius 0. Berr, professor of music. The admirable arrangement, by which the students of this college and of Baldwin university are per- mitted to avail themselves of the privileges of both institutions, has been set forth in the sketch of the latter. Besides the branches ordinarily studied in colleges, the German language and literature are thoroughly taught here through the entire course, and as the in- structors are native Germans, the facilities for acquir- ing a complete mastery of the German language arc not surpassed anywhere in the United States. Many teachers of German in the public schools and in col- leges have prepared themselves for their vocation in this institution. There are three German literary societies connected with the college; the Germania, the Schiller and the Bettina Verein, the latter being for ladies. The libra- ries are small, but contain some valuable Gorman works. In the museum there is an excellent collec- tion of minerals and fossils, part of which were pre- sented by the eminent paleontologist, Herman Herzer. The following are the buildings belonging to the institution: Wallace Hall, presented by James Wal- lace, Esq., a brick edifice, containing the recitation rooms, the society rooms and the museum. The New Chapel, a beautiful new structure just finished, built of sandstone. It contains the church proper, in which services in German are held on Sunday, the chapel and the music rooms. Baldwin Hall, also of sandstone and presented by John Baldwin, Esq. It is occupied by male students, who have organized a boarding club there. The Ladies' Hall, a smaller brick edifice, in which most of the lady students re- side. Besides these the college owns three dwelling houses occupied by members of the faculty. CLEVELAND MEDICAL COLLEGE. In the fall of 1843, Doctors John Delamater, Jared P. Kirtland, Starling, John L. Oassells and Noah Worcester, then members of the faculty of the medi- cal college at Willoughby, (now in Lake county,) discussed the advisability of changing the location of that institution. Dr. Starling favored a removal to Columbus, while the others preferred Cleveland. As Dr. Starling owned a controlling interest, he carried the day and subsequently founded the Starling Medi- cal College at Columbus. Doctors Delamater, Kirt- land, Cassells and Worcester joined in establishing a medical college at Cleveland, and, being in too much haste to await the legal process of incorporation, ap- plied to the Western Reserve College, located at Hudson, for organization under the charter of the latter, as its medical department. This privilege was accordingly gi-anted, and the Cleveland Medical College has therefore been to this day the medical department of the Western Reserve College. The college building was erected on the corner of Erie and St. Clair streets, Cleveland, -mainly with funds obtained through individual subscriptions in Cleveland; the deficit being made up by members of the faculty. By the conditions upon which the aid was supplied, the property now used for college pur- poses must always be devoted to similar uses and no other. The members of the first faculty, (in 1843,) were Doctors John Delamater, Jared P. Kirtland, Horace H. Ackley, John L. Cassells, Noah Worcester, Sam- uel St. John and Jacob J. Delamater. Of these, the last one named was the only one living on the 1st of August, 1879, at which time he was attached to the United States Medical Bureau at Washington. Since the organization of the college in 1843, the graduates have numbered thirteen hundred and forty- four. The highest number graduated in any one year was in 1849, when seventy-eight students received degrees; the lowest number was in 1865, when the total 204 GENEEAL HISTOEY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. was only fifteen. The class of 1878-79 numbered sev- en ty-thi-ee, of wliom twenty-five were graduated. The college faculty, in 1879, is composed of Doc- tors H. K. Gushing, Proctor Thayer, John Bennitt, Jacob Laisy, John E. Darby, E. W. Morley, Isaac N. Himes, X. C. Scott, B. W. Holliday, Lewis BufEctt, H. H. Powell, John E. Isom andV. W. Holliday. The dean of the faculty is Dr. John Bennitt. HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL COLLGB. This institution ranks in age next to the Cleveland Medical College, having been organized in 1849, and according to its last annual announcement it is, with one exception, the oldest Homoeopathic medical school in the world. At the first session of the college, in 1849-50 the Faculty was comjoosed of the follow- ing: Chas. D. Williams (dean,) Storm Eosa, A. H. Bissell, Lewis Dodge, H. L. Smith, E. C. Witherell, John Brainard and L. K. Eosa. The Trustees were John Wlieeler, Joel Tiffany, Dudley Baldwin, A. H. Brainard, Edward Wade, Thos. Brown, E. E. Paine, Amos Hutchinson, Geo. King, Benjamin Bissell, Samuel Eaymond, Eichard Hilliard, L. M. Hubby, Thos. Miller, A. 0. Blair. The first college building was located at the corner of Prospect and Ontario streets, and there, in February, 1852, a very serious riot took place on account of the allegations of persons who declared that a deceased member of their family had been stolen from the grave and conveyed to the college for dissection. They awakened much sympathy among the Irish — to which nationality they belonged — and the excitement reached such a pitch that one day a mob of full two thousand persons attacked and completely ruined the furniture, the library, and the inside of the college building. After that event the institution was removed to "the Hights," and occupied the property previously known as the Humiston Institute, which the Faculty had puchased. There the college remained until 1873, when it was transferred to its present location, at ISTo. 99 Prospect street; the edifice which it occu- pies having been originally used as a church. This college has enjoyed much distinction since its foundation, and with the exception before mentioned has been blessed with unvarying prosperity; having ujJ to the close of the session of 1878-79, graduated ten hundred and fifty students. The Homoeopathic hos- pital, is under the exclusive control of the professors, and is open to the college students as a field for prac- tical observation and experience. The matriculants of the session of 1878-79 numbered one liundred and eight; the juniors, nine, and the graduates, twenty-five. The faculty of 1879 is named herewith: Drs. N. Schneider (dean,) John C. Saunders, H. H. Baxter, S. A. Boynton, G. F. Jones, W. A. Phillips, J. Pet- tet, J. Edwards Smith, H. F. Biggar, B. F. Gamber. The trustees are, Hon. George Willey, N. Schneider, W. H. Burridge, E. L. Willard, C. 0. Baldwin, Hon. G. M. Barber, A. K. Spencer, W. H. Price, Hon. J. M. Cofittnberry, B. A. Hinsdale. MEDICAL DEPAETMENT UNIVERSITY OF WOOSTBE. In 1870 the University of Wooster, having no medical department, resolved to create one, and, in pursuance of that project, arranged to continue the Charity Hospital Medical College of Cleveland as such department. The Charity Hospital Medical College (connected, as its name implies, with the Charity hospital, adjoining which its college build- ing was located) was organized in 1864, and opened its first session on the 26th of October of that year. The faculty chosen in 1870 consisted of Dr. G. C. E. Weber, dean, and Drs. W. J. Scott, L. Firestone, W. H. Jones, James Dascomb, Colin Mackenzie, A. Metz, H. J. Herrick, C. W. Noble, J. F. Armstrong, A. 0. Miller, F. J. Weed, D. B. Smith, and T. 0. Miller. The institution has enjoyed marked prosperity and has received wide and deserved recognition. Since 1864, when the Charity Hospital College was founded, five hundred doctors of medicine have been graduated from the College, or "department," and they have taken quite as high rank in their profession as the alumni of any other medical school in the State. The collegiate year extends from the 1st of April to the 4th of March ensuing, and embraces a spring and a winter term. The plan of instruction includes lectures, clinics, recitations, quizzes and practical demonstrations, while, during the winter term, five to six practical lectures, illustrated with models, etc., are given daily. The faculty for 1879 comprises Dr. G. 0. E. Weber, dean, and Drs. L. Firestone, W. J. Scott, H. J. Herrick, Jamin Strong, C. W. Noble, A. C. Miller, Joel Pomerene, D. B. Smith, H. W. Kitchen, T. C. Miller, J. H. Lowman, John Bolton and Wm. T. Corlette. CHAPTEE XXXIX. VAEIOUS SOCIETIES, ETC. Cuyahoga County Medical Society— Its Two Predecessors— Its Objects — Meetings— Present Officers— Academy of Medicine and Surgery- Its Origin — First Officers of the Cuyahoga County Medical Associa- tion-Change of Name— Objects — Present Officers— Cleveland Asylum for the Insane — Cause of its Construction — Passage of the Act — Va- rious Additions— Destruction by Fire— The Asylum Eebuilt— Its Legal Capacity- Changes of Name— List of Superintendents— Present Of- ficers—Northern Ohio Fair Association— Its Original Corporators- Amount of Stock— List of Directors— List of Officers— Its Fairs— Ap- plication of Profits— Amount of Expenditures— The Cleveland Club— Cuyahoga County Agricultural Society— Time of Organization— Suc- cessive Removals— Powerful Rivalry— Brighter Prospects— Present Officers- Western Reserve Historical Society— Organization and First Officers- Its Purposes— Loeatiou— Some of Its Treasures— Ac- knowledgments. CUYAHOGA COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY. This organization was formed in 1873, by the amalgamation of the two societies known as the Cleve- land Academy of Medicine and the Pathological Society; its object being, like those of its predecessors, to increase the professional knowlege of the members, to bring them into more intimate social relations with SOCIETIES. 305 each other, and to promote the improvement of the medical art. Its members number at present about fifty; their meetings being held semi-monthly at the rooms of the Young Men's Christian Association. The officers on the 1st of August, 1879, were as fol- lows: Dr. P. H. Sawyer, president; Drs. C. C. Arms and J. H. Lowman, vice presidents; Dr. "W. 0. Jenks, secretary; Dr. J. C. Preston, treasurer; Drs. W. J. Scott, F. 0. Dutton and G. C. Ashman, censors. ACADEMY OF MEDICINE AKD SURGERY. This society was organized in 1865, by members of the Homoeopathic school, as the Cnyahoga County Medical Association, with a membership of thirty- eight; the following being the first officers: Dr. John Wheeler, president; Dr. A. 0. Blair, vice president; Dr. G. W. Barnes, secretary; Dr. L. W. Sapp, treas- urer. In 1873 the name was changed to the Academy of Medicine and Surgery, which is still retained. Its object is to advance the interests of medical science, and to promote the mutual improvement of its mem- bers. Meetings are held, as circumstances require in the Homoepathic Medical College and in the offices of the members of the society. The membership in August, 1879, was fifty; the officers being Dr. G. J. Jones, president; Dr. F. H. Barr, secretary and treas- urer. CLEVELAND ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE. Although called the "Cleveland Asylum," this is a State institutions. We find that the origin of this asy- lum and that of the one at Dayton are substantially the same; the necessity that gave rise to the one compelled the erection of the other. In 1851 the asylum at Columbus was the only one in the State. It was then known as the "Ohio Lunatic Asylum," its name having since been changed several times, on the occasion of political changes in the State govern- ment. Its capacity was three hundred patients, or one to every six thousand six hundred and six per- sons in the State; in 1878 it was one to every seven hundred and sixty-one. There are now in the asy- lums of Ohio about three thousand five hundred patients. The principal arguments which induced the Ingis- lature to erect two new asylums for the insane were made by Dr. S. M. Smith, of Columbus. He esti- mated the Ohio insane in 1851 as two thousand, of which only three hundred were provided for. As a result of the recomendations of Dr. Smith and others, made at the sessions of 1851 and '53, the legislature passed an act on the 30th of April, in the latter year, providing for the erection of two addi- tional lunatic asylums. An appropriation of one hundred and forty thousand dollars was made for the purpose, and Prof. H. A. Ackley and Messrs. E. B. Fee, D. B. Woods, Charles Cist and Edwin Smith wei-e appointed the first board of trustees. At a meeting of the board held on the 9th of July, 1853, the Northern Asylum, by a vote of four to one. was located at Newburg (now Cleveland). Land was received from Dwight Jarvis for the purpose. The original contract for building the Newburg asy- lum was awarded to John Gill, of Cleveland, the price being sixty-nine thousand eight hundred dol- lars. On the 33d of June, 1854, Dr. L. Firestone was appointed superintendent of the asylum, which position he retained until 1856. Dr. C. M. Godfrey was appointed a member of the board controlling both asylums. The Newburg institution was opened for patients on the 5th of March, 1855. In 1860 and '61- the building was enlarged by the erection of wings on the east and west sides, increas- ing the capacity to three hundred and seventy-five persons; and in 1870 sufficient additions were made so that the asylum would accommodate five hundred and twenty-five patients. On Wednesday, September 35, 1873, a fire occui-red by which the greater part of the building was de- stroyed. By this disaster all written records, statis- tics, books of account and other valuable papers of the institution were destroyed. The patients, five hundred and twenty-five in number, were removed to the asylums aiid benevolent institutions of the State, and maintained there until the erection of the new asylum. By an act of the legislature passed March 18, 1873, the board of trustees was directed to build a new structure at a cost not exceeding five hundred and fifty thousand dollars, to be capable of accom- modating six hundred and fifty patients. By recent legislation the trustees are directed to admit but one patient for each five hundred square feet (surface measure) of the building. By this law the number of patients is limited to six hundred. It is now filled to its utmost legal limit. The institution was originally designated as the "Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum," by which name it was known until a change in the politics of the State in 1874. The name was then changed to "Northern Ohio Hospital for the Insane," and again, 'in 1876, to "Cleveland Hospital for the Insane." In 1878 the name was again changed to " Cleveland Asy- lum for the Insane," by which appellation the insti- tution is now known. The several superintendents, with their terms of service, have been as follows: Dr. L. Firestone, 1854-5; Dr. E. C. Hopkins, 1856-7; Dr. Jacob Daisy, 1857-8-9; Dr. 0. H. Hendrick, 1859-60-1-3-3-4; Dr. Byron Stanton, 1864-5-6-7-8-9; Dr. J. M. Lewis, 1870-1-3-3-4; Dr. Lewis Slusser, 1875-6; Dr. Jamin Strong, 1877-8-9. The following are the present officers of the asylum: General James Barnett, Hon. A. McGregor, Dr. D. L. Wadsworth, John F. Perry, Esq., and A. P. Winslow; Esq., trustees; Jamin Strong, M.D., super- intendent; John S. Marshall, M.D., first assistant physician; James D. Maxwell, M.D., second assistant physician; Jacob D. Sherrick, M.D., third assistant physician; Charles W. Diehl, steward; Nettie L. Strong, matron. 306 GENERAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. NORTHERN OHIO FAIR ASSOCIATION. The Northern Ohio Pair Association, though com- posed entirely of Cleveland men, was organized and is maintained for the purpose of encouraging the agricultural and manufacturing interests of the coun- try at large, and more particularly those of the northern section of this State. The society was in- corporated on the 36th of February, 1870, by the following gentlemen, all prominently identified with the business of Cleveland : Amasa Stone, Jr., J. H. Wade, J. P. Robison, W. S. Streator, S. D. Harris, A. Everett, Amos Townsend, William Bingham, D. A. Dangler, 0. A. Cliilds, L. L. Hickox, 0. H. Payne, A. Pope, W. A. Fisher, William Collins, and Henry Nottingham. The capital stock of the Association was fixed at one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, all of which was immediately subscribed and paid in. The man- agement of the enterprise was committed to the hands of twenty-three directors, one-third of whom are elected annually to hold office for the term of three years. The following is a list of the gentlemen who have served as directors of the Association for varying periods since its organization, in the order of their election, those marked thus f being now members of the board: Amasa Stone, Jr., Stillman Witt, John P. Eobisonf, John P. Ross, William Edwardsf, Worthy S. Streatorf , John S. Casement, George W. Howef, Henry F. Clark, Daniel P. Rhodes, Abel W. Fairbanks!, Edwin Cowlesf, John E. Buchtel, Hen- ry B. Paynef,, George Westlake, James Barnettf, Albert Allen f, David A. Dangler, Charles B. Petten- gill, George H. Burtf, Henry Nottingham, Hiram C. Brockway, Lester L. Hickox, John Todf, Oscar A. Childs, William W. Armstrongf , Oliver H. Payne, Pendleton G. Watmough, William J. McKinnief, Silas Merchant, Samuel Briggsf, Sylvester T. Ev- erettf, George A. Bakerf, William J. Gordonf, Ste- phen V. Harknessf, George W. Shortf , William H. McCurdyf, Jeptha H. Wadef, Geo. E. Armstrong. The officers since organization have been as follows: Presidents— Amasa Stone, Jr., 1870; W. S. Streator, 1871; J. P. Robison, 1873 to 1879. First Vice Presi- dents— J. P. Robison, 1870 and '71; D. A. Dangler, 1873; Geo. H. Best, 1873 to '79. Second Vice Presi- dents— W. S. Streator, 1870; D. A. Dangler, 1871; S. Witt, 1873 and '73; Geo. A. Baker, 1874 to '79.' Trocisurer— S. T. Everett, 1870 to '79. Correspond- ing Secretaries— S. D. Harris, 1870; Geo. W. Howe, 1871-'73; Samuel Briggs, 1873 to '79. Recording Secretaries— Geo. W. Howe, 1870 to '73; W. J. McKin- nie, 1873; Samuel Briggs, 1874 to '79. Nine f^irs have been held by the Society, commenc- ing in 1870, and including that of 1879. There was no-exhibition held in 1877, as the " Centennial Expo- sition" at Philadelphia in 187G was believed to have exhausted the people's desire for large exhibitions for at least one year. The dates of the several fairs have been as follows: October 3 to 7, 1870; September 13 to 16, 1871; September 10 to 14, 1873; September 39 to October 3, 1873; September 14 to 18, 1874; Sep- tember 13 to 17, 1875; September 11 to 15, 1876; September 9 to 13, 1878; September 1 to 5, 1879. The exhibitions of the Association were very suc- cessful for the first four years, both as to the interest manifested and the financial results; the entire profits being applied to the improvement of the grounds and buildings, which now represent an aggregate cost, (including the capital stock,) of over two hundred thousand dollars. There has never been a fair held on the grounds of the society which was not seriously interfered with by stormy weather; but, notwithstanding this draw- back to financial success, the Association haspromptly met all its obligations, thereby adding materially to : Cleveland's reputation for enterprise. From its organization to and including 1878, the following have been the chief items and amounts of moneys disbursed: For advertising and printing, $35,789; for general expenses, salaries and mainte- nance of grounds, $116,331; for premiums, $101,556 — making a grand total of two hundred and forty-three thousand, five hundred and seventy-five dollars, THE CLEVELAND CLUB. This an organization composed of a portion of the directory of the Northern Ohio Fair Association and was formed, in 1871, for the purpose of holding trot- ting and racing meetings annually at the Fair Grounds. These meetings have been uniformly suc- cessful, and are yearly increasing in interest. The club attained very high rank under the management of Mr. John Tod, its first presiding ofiBcer, and has lost none of its prestige under that of his successors. The following gentlemen are the present officers: William Edwards, president; George H. Burt, vice- president; S. T. Everett, treasurer; Samuel Briggs, secretary. CUYAHOGA COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. This association was organized and held its first fair in the year 1849. Unfortunately, the books re- lating to the earlier period of its existence have not been preserved, and we are unable to give the names of its first officers or the details concerning its career. For many years its fairs were held on Kinsman street (now Woodland avenue), Cleveland. The place of holding them was then removed to Newburg. After the organization of the Northern Ohio Fair Association in 1870, the exhibitions of that institu- tion with its superior amount of capital, absorbed the interest of the people of Cleveland and vicinity to so great an extent that those of the county society seriously declined. Under these circumstances the latter removed its headquarters, in 1873, to Chagrin Falls, where its fairs have sinee been held. Even there it has suffered from the rivalry of its powerful neighbor, and has labored u'nder serious financial em- THE NATIONAL GUARD, ETC. sot ever, and feel confident that they have now passed the worst point, and that entire success will speedily crown their efforts. The present oificers are William Stoneman, president; J. W. Collins, first vice-presi- dent; Edward Murfet, second vice-president; E. W. Force, secretary and treasurer. The premiums offered amount to about two thousand dollars. WBSTBBK RESERVE AND NOTRTHERN OHIO HISTOR- ICAL SOCIETY. The association was organized at Cleveland on the 38th day of May, 1867. Its first officers were as fol- lows: Col. Charles Whittlesey, president; M. B. Scott, vice-president; J. C. Buell, secretary; A. K. Spencer, treasurer; J. C. Buell and H. A. Smith, curators for one year; C. C. Baldwin and M. B. Scott, for two years; Joseph Perkins and Charles Whittlesey, for three years. Mr. Buell declined the secretaryship, and C. C. Baldwin was elected in his place. Col. Whittlesey has been annually re-elected president until the present time. The purposes of the society were declared to be " to discover, procure and preserve whatever relates to the history, biography, genealogy, antiquities and statis- tics of the Western Eeserve, the State of Ohio and the Nortliwest." This design has thus far, under the faithful management of the officers of the society, been most zealously and successfully carried out. Under an arrangement with the Cleveland " Society for Savings," and the Cleveland Library Association, the Historical Society has the perpetual use of the third story of the stone building erected by the Society for Savings, situated on the north side of Monumental Square, Cleveland. This large and lofty hall is already crowded with historical material relating to Ohio and the Northwest, and with interesting relics pertaining to this and other regions. Here may be seen, besides a historical library of some three thousand bound vol- umes, complete files of several of the principal news- papers of Cleveland, and a large number of bound volumes of other newspapers; curiosities from all parts of the globe, including a remarkable . collection of Oriental articles, presented by Col. W. P. Fogg; numerous relics of the Mound-builders and Indians; mementoes of the late civil war and other national conflicts; some large, expensive and interesting books, such as Lord Kingsborough's Antiquities of Mexico, Professor Hayden's Portraits of Indian Chiefs, etc. ; a very large collection of the coins of all countries, and a host of other articles, which lack of space for- bids our mentioning here. There is also a collection of several hundred maps, and those of early date, relating to the West, are of especial interest. Among the numerous manuscripts, too, belonging to the society, are a large number re- lating to the early history of this region, and the writer takes pleasure in repeating the acknowledge- ment, made in the introduction to this work, of the liberality and cordiality with which these and other possessions of the institution have been opened to his examination during the prosecution of his labors. CHAPTER XL. THE NATIONAL OTTABD, ETC. Fifteenth Regiment— Its Organization— First Officers— Services— Present Officers— Cleveland Light Artillery — Its Original Formation— The Reg- iment of 1860 — Reorganization after the War— A Mysterious Fight — The New Light Artillery— Its Present Situation— The Cleveland Grays —The Original Company— The Officers of 1837— Officers of 1&38— Its high Reputation— Lapsed after 1845 -Again A«tive — Reorganized since the War — Present Condition — Cleveland Gatling-Gun Battery — Its Formation — Armory — Power of the Gatlings— First Cleveland Troop — First Officers— Their New Armory— Conclusion. FIFTEEKTH REGIMENT (O. N. G. ) Early in 1877 Colonel A. T. Brinsmade, of Cleve- land, an aid on Governor Hayes' staff, received a let- ter from Adjutant General Charles W. Carr, in which he incidentally remarked: "I think you ought to have a regiment in Cleveland." Pleased with the suggestion. Colonel Brinsmade set about carrying it into effect, and to two unattached companies of the National Guard — the Brooklyn Blues, of Brooklyn, and the Bmmett Guards, of Cleveland — already in existence, were promptly added the Veteran Guards, Forest City Guards, Townsend Guards, and Buckeye Guards, all of Cleveland, and the complement of six companies being thus filled they wore organized in June, 1877, as the Fifteenth regiment of infantry of the Ohio National Guard, with the following field and staff officers: Allen T. Brinsmade, colonel; George A. McKay, lieutenant colonel; Henry Richardson, major; John F. Gibson, M.D., surgeon; R. W. Stannard, M.D., assistant surgeon; George B. Huston, adjutant; George D. Scott, quartermaster; Rev. James A. Bolles, chaplain. Shortly after the organization of the regiment, the maximum number of ten companies was reached by the accession of the Hart Guards of Blyria, Chagrin Palls Guards of Chagrin Falls, Washington Guards of Cleveland, and Berea Light Guards of Berea. In July, 1877, the regiment was ordered to Newark, Ohio, to take part in suppressing the disturbances created by actors in the great railway strike of that year, but, as the men were unsupplied with arms, the order was countermanded. On the 3nd of August follow- ing, the mayor of Cleveland called on the Fifteenth to assist in preserving the peace in Cleveland when the railway-strike troubles threatened to take a serious turn in the city. The command secured rifles enough to arm five companies, and assembled on Michigan street between seven and ten o'clock on the morning of August 3d, prepared for action, but happily the clouds of unrest blew over, and the soldiers were dis. missed. Since the regimental organization, each company has occupied quarters of its own, but the city of Cleveland is now building, on Champlain street, a fine brick armory for the use of the National Guard, to cost twenty-eight thousand dollars, and according to indi- cations it will be occupied by the Fifteenth regiment late in the fall of 1879. The regiment included on the 1st of August, 1879, ten companies, six of which were 208 GENERAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOaA COUNTY. from Cleveland, with six hundred and twenty-eight men, rank and file, and a fine band of nineteen pieces. The officers at that time were as given here: Allen T. Brinsmade, colonel; George A. McKay, lieutenant colonel; Henry Richardson, major; George D. Huston, adjutant; R. F. Thompson, quarter- master; John F. Gibson, M.D., surgeon; R. F. Wal- ters, M.D., assistant surgeon; Rev. James A. Bolles, chaplain. Company A (Bmmctt Guards) — William Kelly, captain; C. D. Nolan, first lieutenant; John W. Breen, second lieutenant. Company- B (Brooklyn Blues)— T. K. Dissette, captain; William C. Towns, first lieutenant; Benjamin F. Storer, second lieutenant. Company C (Veteran Guards)— Daniel Fovargue, captain; Robert S. Avery, first lieutenant; William Richardson, second lieutenant. Company D (Forest City Guards)— George A. Pisk, captain; H. W. Fisher, first lieutenant; Alex- ander n. Van Pelt, second lieutenant. Company E (Townsend Guards)— John W. Fran- cisco, captain; Thomas I. Morrow, first lieutenant; George Eastbrook, second lieutenant. Company F (Buckeye Guards)— John D. Castle, captain; John Hudson, first lieutenant; J. A. Tinker, second lieutenant. Company G (Hart Guards of Elyria)— George D. Williams, captain; P. N. Smith, first lieutenant; S. T. Sawyer, second lieutenant. Company H (Chagrin Palls Guards)— E. W. Force, captain; L. 0. Harris, first lieutenant; A. A. Shef- field, second lieutenant. Company I (Washington Guards)— George C. Dodge, Jr., captain; George Davis, first lieutenant; Frederick Lehman, second lieutenant. Company K (Berea Light Guards)— E. J. Kennedy, captain; WiUiam H. Broa, first lieutenant. The regiment had its first annual six days' encamp- ment at Rocky River in July, 1878, and its second one beginning August 19, 1879. CLEVELAND LIGHT ARTILLERY (O. N. G.) This company is a revival of the old Cleveland Lio-ht Artillery of thirty-three years ago, and contains among its members men who were members of the original organization. The latter came into existence in January, 1846, when what had been previously known as the gun-squad of the Cleveland Grays or- ganized, with sixteen members, as the Cleveland Light Artillery. D. L. Wood was elected captain; W. A. Lawrence, lieutenant; John Walworth, clerk; and W. L. Standart, commissary. There were at first but two guns in the battery, but these were in a short time increased to four, while the number of men was raised to forty. In 1860 the organization was, under the State law, divided into four companies with one gun each, and then, with one eomj^any each from Brooklyn and Ge- neva, composed Avhat was known as the First regiment of Light artillery, under Col. Jas. Barnett. The ser- vice of this force in the beginning of the war for the Union is noticed in the chapter devoted to the First Volunteer Light Artillery. After the war closed, members of the old artillery organization made several unsuccessful efforts to re- store the organization, but it was not until 1872 that the object was effected. In May of that year, Capt. Louis Smithnight, an old member of the artillery, and a volunteer soldier, received from the Alleghany arsenal a six pound brass cannon, marked "Capt. Louis Smithnight, Cleveland Light Artillery," but who the donor was, he did not know. This circum- stance led him to attempt a revival of the "Artillery," and at the first meeting held at his residence, the pro- ject was accomplished, and forty members signed the roll. Besides the gun above referred to, the battery was supplied with an iron six-pounder, captured by Col. Barnett's three months regiment above men- tioned, at the battle of Carrick's Pord, West Virginia, July 13, 1861. Later, that gun was set, as a war relic, upon Monumental Park, Cleveland, where it may still be seen. Up to May 20, 1873, the artillery was an independ- ent organization, but on that date it was enrolled in the State militia, and forms now a portion of the Ohio State National Guard. In the Adjutant General's report of 1877 he re- marks: "In all that constitutes a first class organi- zation, the Cleveland Light Artillery is a model." The company now includes seventy-three men, rank and file, and has a battery of four brass six-pounders, while its equipment is so complete that it could take the field at once, if called upon— all the property save the guns belonging to the company. The armory is now on Frankfort street, but the location will be changed to the new city armory on its completion in the fall of 1879. The officers of the Artillery are Louis Smithnight, captain; F. H. Flick andW. H. Reynolds, lieutenants; N. P. Sackrider, surgeon. The officers in 1872 were the same, with the exception that P. H. Flick who was then second lieutenant has suc- ceeded Nicholas Schrob as first lieutenant, and W. Reynolds followed Flick as second lieutenant. CLEVELAND GKATS. The military company known as the Cleveland Grays is considered as practically the same organiza- tion that was called into existence under the same name July 12, 1838. There have been one or two periods, of a few years each, during which the Grays failed to assemble as a company, but the command was never formally disbanded and in each case was ere long revived. This company was first organized August 28, 1837, as the Cleveland City Guards, being the pioneer military company of Cleveland. Timothy Ingraham was chosen captain; A. S. San- ford, first lieutenant; and Benjamin Harrington, sec- ond lieutenant; with George W. Lewis, E. Sanford, J. Gillett and T. P. Spencer as sergeants, and W. B_ THE NATIONAL GUAED, ETC. 209 Dockstader, R. W. McNeil, R. Sheldon, and W. H. Snow as corporals. On the 7th of June, 1838, it was resolved to change the name of the company to the Cleveland Grays, and under the new organization the first election was held July 12, 1838, when the officers chosen were: Timothy Ingraham, captain; A. S. Sanford, David Russell and Jonathan Gillett, lieutenants; E. Sanford, Bushnell White, W. B. Dockstader and D. W. Cross, sergeants; W. K. Adams, S. A. Fairchild, B. R Hastings, Theo. Umbstaeter, Andrew Lyttle, Jas. A. Craw, and Y. H. Russell, corporals. The company made its first parade (in new uniforms) November 29, 1838, and then numbered twenty-eight rank and file. The " Grays " was a famous company and included as members many of the foremost men in the town; men, too, who are to-day among the leading representative citizens of Cleveland. In the exercise of arms it was a claimant for the highest honors, and on more than one occasion established by public test its superiority over all other companies in the State, in drill and discipline. Shortly after 1845 the Grays lapsed into a state of inactivity, and for some time there was no tangible evidence of the existence of the organization, but a revival set in in 1852 and the "Grays" flourished vigorously until after the company's service in the war, when its identity was lost until the close of the rebellion. It was then reorganized and since that time has been uninterruptedly in active existence. The command now numbers sixty-eight, rank and file, is armed with Springfield muzzle-loading rifles, and is, as it has always been, an independent military organization. It occupies an armory on Frankfort street with the Light Artillery, but upon the comple- tion of the new city armory, will be assigned quar- ters in that building. The officers of the Grays are J. N. Erazee, captain; J. H. Miller and W. C. Mor- row, lieutenants; Rev. C. S. P.omeroy, chaplain; Geo. S. Tibbitts, judge advocate; H. W. Kitchen, surgeon. CLEVELAND OATLING-GUN BATTERY. Late in 1877 General Barnett, Major Goodspeed and other of Cleveland's citizens agitated the subject of forming a battery in pursuance of the purpose of the city in purchasing two Gatling-guns, and, as the result of several preliminary meetings, the Cleveland Gatling-Gun Battery was organized June 26, 1878, by Messrs. W. F. Goodspeed, Prank Wilson, Thomas Goodwillie, Wm. H. Harvey, L. 0. Hanna, John A. Norton, John R. Ranney, Chas. A. Uhl, J. F. Evans, R. W. Hickox and J. A. Kirkwood. In the pre- amble to the constitution they set forth the follow- ing: "The citizens of Cleveland having provided Gat- ling guns, with the object of perfecting a battery in the use of the same, we, the subscribers, having accepted the gift, and believing that proficiency in the use of this arm is best attained by associating ourselves together as an independent military organi- 27 zation, do hereby adopt for our government the fol- lowing constitution and by.-laws." An old church building, at the corner of Prospect and Perry streets, was secured as an armory, and under the experienced direction of Captain Good- speed, the company entered at once upon a rigid sys- tem of drill, which, having since been pursued with unflagging energy, has brought the command to a gratifying standard of proficiency. The old armory is still used, but is likely to be replaced ere long by a fine armory building, the erection of which is now contemplated by the battery. The members of this organization, numbering at present twenty-eight, are men prominent in Cleve- land's business and social circles, whose aim in one respect is to maintain the membership of the bat- tery in an elevated social position. The command is perfectly equipped, is a thoroughly independent organization, and owns everything connected with the battery. The guns, as has been noted, wei-e donated by the city of Cleveland. They are of forty- five inch calibre, and are capable of firing one thou- sand shots per minute. The officers (the same now as at the company's organization) are W. F. Goodspeed, captain; Frank Wilson, lieutenaut; Thomas Goodwillie, orderly ser- geant; J. Ford Evans, quartermaster-sergeant. EIRST CLEVELAND TROOP. Early in the autumn of 1877, a number of Cleve- land'^ representative men discussed the advisability of adding another to the city's military organizations, and a call being issued for a meeting of business men interested in the project, a liberal gathering of promi- nent citizens in Weisgerber's Hall, September 10, , 1877, was the result. Col. W. H. Harris was the chairman, and Dr. Frank Wells, the secretary, and after a decision by the assemblage that a cavalry com- pany should be organized — on account of there being no such command in the city — an adjournment was voted until October 10th following. On this occasion the organization was perfected by the election of W. H. Harris as captain, E. S. Meyer as first lieutenant; G. A. Garrettson as second lieutenant, Charles D. Gaylord as first sergeant, and Frank Wells as surgeon. The name of First Cleveland Troop was adopted, and the roll was signed by forty members who, in the preamble to the Constitution, declared that their ob- ject in effecting the organisiation was " to perfect themselves in horsemanship, in the use of arms and in military exercise." Temporary quarters were occupied in Weisgerber's Hall until the winter of 1878, when the Troop took possession of a fine brick armory which was built by the company with its own resources, and Completed in December, 1878. This structure, located on Euclid avenue between Sterling and Case avenues, measures one hundred and fifty feet by fifty, and is substan- tially built and perfectly appointed. The organization now includes sixty active and twenty honorary mem- 210 GENERAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. bers, with constantly increasing numbers, and is officered as follows: W. JE. Harris, captain; G. A. Garrettson, first lieutenant; Charles D. Gaylord, second lieutenant; Rev. 0. T. Collins, chaplain; N. S. Schneider, surgeon, — the commissioned oflEicers being West Point graduates. Weekly drills are held the year round — dismounted drills only, with carbines and sabers during the winter season. The Troop stands high as a body representing cul- ture and intelligence, and includes in its ranks some of the best known merchants, bankers and' professional men in Cleveland. It is an absolutely independent command, and is the only independent cavalry or' ganization in Ohio. Einancially it rests upon a firm foundation, owning the armory, and everything pertaining to the company's ;equipment. The arms are the regulation United States cavalry sabre and Shai-p's improved carbine, riiodel of 1878. Were sud' den occasion to arise, the Troop is in such condition that it could take the field, at an hour's notice. CHAPTER XLI. CENSUS HOTES. Table o£ 1870, 1860 and 1850— Table o£ 1840— Totals in Seven Decades- Other Memoranda— Agricultural Statistics. Bedford Bedford village* . . Brecksville Brooklyn Brooklyn village. . Chagrin Falls Chagrin Falls village Cleveland Dover J£ast Cleveland Euclid Independence Mayneld Middleburg Berea village Newburg Ohnstead Olmstead village. Orange Parma Rockport Royalton Solon Strongsville Warrensville 1870. 1,007 3,ria 648 1,331 1,016 92,839 1,445 5,050 8,188 1,761 892 3,662 1,628 6,227 1,570 3&3 812 1,432 2,001 1 I — 1,429 -<3. i;381 596 ■§67 2,260 526 1,108 864 54,014 1.016 3,684 1,585 1,160 788 3,30; 1,101 3,694 1,196 265 632 953 1,409 830 769 697 407 1,776 232 825 140 1,001 1,452 122 3,703 644 213 1,319 152 1,015 38:815 91,535 429' J, 443 1 ■603 601 104 1,360 527 2,533 374 118 180 479 592 259 130 199 160 1,' 2,188 1,73B 3, 1, 6,231 1,566 380 812 1,432 1,' 1,1 12 3 6 10 4 2 1 1.294 ■ 2 68 I860. 1,946 857 1,024 5,349 1,471 42,618 1,273 .3,001 1,766 1,649 1,0T9 2,573 2,809 1,412 1,094 1,480 1,793 1,297 1,009 958 1,553 1850. 1,116 •6,361 8 1,245 799 16,810 1 2;340 1,447 1,467 1,117 19 1,428 14 224 14 1.542'. 1,216:. 1,< l,< 1.' 1,253 1,034 1,194 1,410 *The population of each village is also included township. in its preceding 1840. ■White. Colored. Total. Cleveland City 6,011 956 1,775 1,570 1,244 774 861 1,342 1,113 1,078 659 399 754 1,408 1,134 1,051 963 966 1,193 1,151 60 7 6,071 966 1,775 1,577 1,244 Cleveland Township Euclid Ohio City 7 Bedford Solon Mayfield 851 Newburg 1,342 1,113 1,082 659 Orange Warrensville 4 Olmstead Middleburg 399 Independence 754 Brooklyn 1 1,409 1,124 1 051 Brecksville Eoyalton Parma 963 Dover Eockport 42 1,2.35 1,151 Strongsville [[ Aggregate 36,506 The census by townships prior to 1840 cannot be obtained. 181U. 18«0. 1830. 1840. 185 0. I860. 1S70. Whites 1,445 14 6,374 54 10,297 76 26,385 121, 47,740 359 77,139 894 130,564 1,445 Total 1,459 6,328 10,373 26,506 48,099 78,033 132,009 Of the 133,010 population in 1870, 66,725 were male and 65,285 female. Of the 92,829 in Cleveland, in 1870, the school attendance was 15,854, of which 13,698 were of native birth and 2,156 foreign; 7,793 were males, 8,061 fe- males. Unable to read, over ten years of age, 2,913; unable to write, over ten years of age, 4,420; of these 539 were of native and 3,881 of foreign birth. Assessed valuation of real and personal property, $53,489,729. True valuation of real and personal property, $106,575,000. Total, county indebtedness, $75,000. Total mu- nicipal indebtedness^. $2,101,255. 1870. Improved Land 197,730 acre?. ■Value o£ Farms ja0,270,197 ■Value of all Live Stock . . 1 1 $1,596,653 Number of Horses 6,902 " Mules and Asses 84 " Milch Gows 15,641 " Working Oxen 92 Sheep 25,875 " Swine 7,624 Number of bush. Spring ■Wheat 39,667 " " WinterWheat 47.831 " Ey^... 19,707 ■' " .'iQdianCorn 350,708 " '■ Oats 419,176 ' ," " Barley.:. 6,831 " -, " Potatoes '■m,7ii Number of lbs.' Wool 105175 " V Butter.'. 786,430 " Cheese l,«)4,in Number of Manufacturing Establishments 1,149 Emptying 10,063 hands, and representing a capital of $13,645,918. CHAPTER XLII. CUYAHOGA COUIfTT CIVIL LIST. Governors— Lieutenant Governors — Judges of Supreme Court— Clerks of Supreme Court— Members of Board of Public Works— State Ofl- cers— Residents after Election— United States Senator— Eepresenta- tives in Congress — Judges of Common Pleas— Judges of Probate Court— Clerk of Common Pleas— Clerks of County Commissioners- Auditors— Sheriffs — Treasurers- Eeoorders — Surveyors— State Sena tors— Eepresentatives in the State Assembly — Members of Constitu tional Conventions. GOVERNORS. Samuel Huntington, resided in Cleveland from 1803 to 1806; removed to Newburg in 1806, and from there to Painesville in 1807; served as governor one term, 1808-10. Reuben Wood, of Cleveland, the last governor un- der the first constitution and the first under the second one; served a term, 1850-52, was re-elected, and in 1853 resigned to accept a foreign mission. John Brough, of Cleveland, inducted January, 1864; died in office August 29, 1865. LIEUTENANT GOVERNORS. 1872-73— Jacob Mueller, Cleveland. 1878-79— Ja- bez W. Fitch, Cleveland. ■^^^^-l^-ry '"-y'^>'-^^^i^^^d-^^^-i^o CUYAHOGA COUNTY CIVIL LIST. 311 JUDGES OE THE SUPREME COURT. Samuel Huntington; elected by the legislature and commissio)a,ed \)j Governor Tiffin April 2, 1803. Re- signed December 5, 1808. Reuben Wood; elected by the legislature in 1833. Resigned in 1845. Rufus P. Ranney; elected by the legislature (the last under the old constitution) March 17, 1851, vice Edward Avery, resigned. In October, of the same year, was re-elected by the people. Resigned in 1856. The next year removed from Warren to Cleveland. In 1862 was again elected to the bench and resigned in 1864. CLERKS OF THE SUPREME COURT. Arnold Green, Cleveland; 1875-78. Richard J. Fanning, Cleveland, present incumbent. MEMBER OF BOARD OF PUBLIC WORKS. Peter Thatcher, Cleveland; 1876-79. STATE OFFICERS — Not residents at election, hut suise- quently residents of the county. Alphonso Hart, Cleveland; Lieutenant Governor, 1874-76. W. W. Armstrong, Cleveland; Secretary of State, 1863-65. Anson Smythe, Cleveland; School Commissioner, 1857-63. UNITED STATES SENATOR. In 1809 Senator Edward Tiffin resigned, and Gov- ernor Huntington appointed Stanley Griswold, of Cleveland, for the unexpired term, which included but a part of one session. REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS. 1837-41, John W. Allen. 1841-43, Sherlock J. Andrews. 1853-61, Edward Wade. 1861-63, Albert G. Riddle. 1863-69, Rufus P. Spaulding. 1873-75, Rich'd C. Parsons. 1875-77, Henry B. Payne. 1877- 79, Amos Townsend. All residents of Cleveland at time of their election. Judges of United States District Court.— TfiifA date of appointment. Hiram V. Willson, February 20, 1855. UNITED STATES MARSHALS. Jabez W. Fitch, appointed March 30, 1855; Mat- thew Johnson,f ; Noyes B. Prentiss, February, 1873 (present incumbent.) CLERK OF UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT. Earl Bill, March 33, 1867, present incumbent. UNITED STATES DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. R. F. Payne, Moses Kelley, f. J. Dipkpian, George WiUey. United States Commissioners.— Fi% date of ap- pointment. Joseph Adams, March 30, 1855; John C. Grannis, March 30, 1855, to May 13, 1859; Henry H. Dodge, May 33, 1857, to May 15, 1863; James D. Cleveland, December 16, 1857, to May 15, 1863; Samuel D. Starkweather, Jr., July 14, 1858, to May 15, 1863; Bushnell White, May 13, 1859, to May 15, 1863; Chester Hayden, February 13, 1859; J. D. Cleveland, May 15, 1863; Bushnell White, May 15, 1863; P. W. Green, July 29, 1863; H. S. Sherman, April 3, 1867, J. F. Herriok, June 13, 1867; Earl Bill, June 31, 1867; Charles H. Robinson, October 7, 1867, to May 14, 1877; F. M. Keith, Jr., July 37, 1869; Charles L. Weeks, September 10, 1869, to May 14, 1877; Charles H. Bill, January 11, 1871; N. P. Goodhue, April 10, 1874; Clifton B. Beach, April 10, 1874; L. M. Schwan, April 15, 1874; T. E. Burton, August 31, 1875; Adolphus Alexander, July 15, 1876; George Wyman, May 11, 1877; Charles W. Guernsey, May 11, 1877; Charles Balfour, November 12, 1877; Julius G. Pomerene, November 28, 1877; A. J. Ricks, March 22, 1878; E. W. Page, March 33, 1878. judges of the court of common pleas — Appointed for Seven Years ly the Governor, with date of Ap- pointment : Benjamin Ruggles, of St. Clairsville, (Belmont Co.), June 6, 1810; Nathan Perry, Cleveland, June 6, 1810; Augustus Gilbert, Cleveland, June 6, 1810; Timothy Doane, Euclid (now East Cleveland), June 6, 1810; Erastus Miles, Newburg, March 3, 1814; Elias Lee, Euclid, March 3, 1814; George Tod, Youngstown, (Mahoning Co.), November 3, 1815; John H. Strong, Cleveland, May 38, 1817; Thomas Card, Willoughby, (now Lake Co.), February 8, 1819; Samuel William- son, Cleveland, February 5, 1831 ; George Tod, Youngstown, reappointed February 24, 1823; Isaac M. Morgan, Brecksville, February 36, 1834; Nemiah Allen, Willoughby, February 8, 1835; Samuel Wil- liamson, Cleveland, reappointed February 5, 1838.; Reuben Wood, Cleveland, March 29, 1830; Watrous Usher, Olmstead, February 26, 1831; Simeon Fuller, Willoughby, April 9, 1833; Matthew Birchard, War- ren, (Trumbull Co.), April 32, 1833; Eben Hosmer, Newburgh, October 6, 1834; Josiah Barber, Brook- lyn, March 17, 1835; Van R. Humphrey, Hudson, (Summit Co.), March 3, 1837; Samuel Cowles, Cleve- land, September 18, 1837; Daniel Warren, Warrens- 'ville, February 8, 1838; Frederick Whittlesey, Cleve- land, February 37, 1838; John W. Willey, Cleveland, February 18, 1840; Reuben Hitchcock, Painesville, (Lake Co.), July 14, 1841; Benjamin Bissell, Paines- ville, January 23, 1842; Asher M. Coe, Dover, Feb- ruary 9, 1842; Joseph Hay ward, Cleveland, February 9, 1842; Thomas M. Kelley, Cleveland, February 34, 1845; Philemon Bliss, Elyria, (Lorain Co.), February 34, 1849; Quintus F. Atkins, Cleveland, March 6, i 1849; Bepjamin.Northrup, Strongsville, March 6, 312 GENERAL HISTORY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. I 1849; Samuel Starkweathei', Cleveland, January 16, 1851. Elected by the People for Five Years, with Year of Election: Horace Poote, Cleveland, 1853; Thomas Bolton, Cleveland, 1856; Jesse P. Bishop, Cleveland, 1856; Horace Foote, re-elected 1858; Tliomas Bolton, re- elected 1861; James M. CofSnberry, Cleveland, 1861; Horace Poote, re-elected 1863; Samuel B. Prentiss, Cleveland, 1866; Horace Poote, re-elected 1868; Rob- ert P. Paine, Cleveland, 1869; Samuel B. Prentiss, re-elected 1871; Darius Cadwell, Cleveland, 1873; G. M. Barber, Cleveland, 1875; J. M. Jones, Cleveland, 1875; B. T. Hamilton, Cleveland, 1875; J. H. Mc- Math, Cleveland, 1875; Samuel B. Prentiss, re-elected 1876; Darias Cadwell, Cleveland, re-elected 1878. Judges of the Probate Govrt:.— Elected hj the peo-plefof three years, with year of their election. Flavel W. Bingham, Cleveland, 1851; Daniel E. Tildeu, Cleveland, 1854; continuously re-elected to the present time. Prosecuting KTiT0B.s-&YS,.—Ap2Minted by the Court of Cuinvwn Fleas, with date of appointment. Peter Hitchcock, Burton, (Geauga County) June 6, 1810; Alfred Kelley, Cleveland, November 7, 1810; Leonard Case, Cleveland, June 1, 1825; Sherlock J. Andrews, Cleveland, May 15, 1830; Varnum J. Card, Cleveland, November 5, 1832. Elected by the people for tioo years, tvith year of elec- tion. Varnum J. Card, 1838, and again in 1835; Simeon Ford, Cleveland, 1837; Thomas Bolton, Cleveland, 1839; F. T. Backus, Cleveland, 1841, and again in 1843; Bushnell White, Cleveland, 1845; Stephen I. Noble, Cleveland, 1847; Joseph Adams, Cleveland, 1849; Samuel Adams, Cleveland, 1851; Samuel Wil- liamson, Cleveland, 1853; A. G. Riddle, Cleveland, 1855; Loren Prentiss, Cleveland, 1857; A. T. Slade, Newburg, 1859; Bushnell White, Cleveland, 1861; Charles W. Palmer, Cleveland, 1863; M. S. Castle,' Cleveland, 1865; J. M. Jones, Cleveland, 1867; e! P. Slade, Cleveland, 1869; Homer B. De Wolf, Cleve- land, 1871; William Eobison, Cleveland, 1873; Sam- uel M. Eddy, Cleveland, 1875; John C. Hutchins, Cleveland, 1877. Clerks of Court of Common- FhBAS.—Apjjointed by the Court. John Walworth, Cleveland, June 6, 1810; Horace Perry, Cleveland, November 14, 1813; re-appointed for seven years March 3, 1814, again November 10, 1820, and a third time October 16, 1827; Harvey Rice, Cleveland, October 17, 1834; Aaron Clark, Cleveland, October 19, 1841; Frederick Whittlesey, Cleveland, November 11, 1841; Aaron Clark, Novem- ber 11, 1848; Robert F. Paine, Cleveland, October 27, 1849. Elected by the people for three years, with year of election. James D. Cleveland, Cleveland, 1851; John Barr, Cleveland, 1854; Roland D. Noble, Cleveland, 1857; Frederick J. Prentiss, Cleveland, 1860, and re-elected in 1863; Frederick S. Smith, Cleveland, 1866, and again in 1869; Benjamin S. Cogswell, Cleveland, 1873; Wilbur P. Hinman, Cleveland, 1875; re-elected in 1878. County Commissioners — Elected by the people for three years. Jabez Wright, Cleveland, 1810; Nathaniel Doane, Cleveland, 1810; Erastus Miles, Newburg, 18] 1- Philo Taylor, Dover, 1813; Samuel S. Baldwin, New- burg, 1813; Samuel Dodge, Cleveland, 1814; Jared Pritchard, Cleveland, 1815; Theodore Miles, New- burg, 1815; Samuel Williamson, Cleveland, 1818- Thomas Card, Willoughby (now Lake Co.), 1818- Datus Kelley, Rockport, 1819; John Shaw, Euclid, 1819; Isaac M. Morgan, Brecksville,.1821; Lemuel Hoadley, Cleveland, 1822; Simon Fuller, Willoughby, 1823; David Long, Cleveland, appointed to fill a vacancy in 1824, and afterward elected same year; Noah Crocker, Dover, 1835; Johathan Fisher, Inde- pence, 1835; Philo Scovill, Cleveland, 1837; Jona- than Fisher, re-elected, 1828; Leverett Johnson, Dover, 1839; Job Doan, Cleveland, 1830; John B. Stewai-t, Eoyalton, 1831; Samuel Mcllrath, Cleve- land, 1833; Seth S. Handerson, Newburg, 1833; David Harvey, Strongsville, 1834; Jonathan Fisher, Independence, 1835; Samuel Mcllrath, Cleveland, 1836; John B. Stewart, Royalton, 1837; Diodate Clark, Brooklyn, 1838; Moses Jewett, Newburg, 1839, Vespasian Stearns, Olmsted, 1840; Diodate Clark, re- elected, 1841; Noah Graves, Chagrin Falls, 1843, Theodore Breck, Brecksville, 1843; Diodate Clark, re-elected, 1844; Ezra Eddy, Mayfield, 1845; Alva H. Brainard, Newburg, 1846; Diodate Clark, re-eleeted, 1847; Ezra Eddy, re-elected, 1848, Jason Bradley, Dover, 1849; Diodate Clark, re-elected, 1850; John Welsh, East Cleveland, 1851; Jason Bradley, re- elected, 1853; Melanchton Barnett, Cleveland, 1853; Francis Branch, Brooklyn, 1854; William W. Rich- ards, Solon, 1855; Azariah Everett, Cleveland, 1856; Francis Branch, re-elected, 1857; William W. Rich- ards, re-elected, 1858; Azariah Everett, re-elected, 1859; John Barnum, Rockport, 1860; David Hoege, Mayfield, 1861; Randall Crawford, Cleveland, 1863; John Barnum, re-elected, 1863; Charles Force, Cha- grin Falls, 1864; Randall Crawford, re-elected, 1865; Marius Moore, Dover, 1866; David Hoege, Mayfield, 1867; Randall Crawford, re-elected, 1868; John Geis- sendorfer. Independence, 1869; David Hoege, re- elected, 1870; Randrall Crawford, re-elected, 1871; Charles Jackson, Orange, appointed to fill a vacancy, 1873; John Geissendorfer, re-elected, 1872; Charles CUYAHOGA COUNTY CIVIL LIST. 213 Jackson, 1873; George A. Schlatterbeck, CleTeland, 1874; Philander B. Gardner, Berea, 1875; Charles Jackson, re-elected, 1876; George A. Schlatterbeck, re-elected, 1877; Josiah W. Hurst, Dover, 1878. Olbeks of the Boakd OB County Commissionees. — Appointed by the Board. Jabez "Wright, CleTeland, 1810; Erastus Miles, Newburg, 1811; Nathaniel Doane, Cleveland, 1813; Samuel S. Baldv^in, Newburg, 1813; Nathaniel Doane, 1814; Theodore Miles, Newburg, 1815, again in 1816 and 1817; Samuel Dodge, Cleveland, 1818; I. B. Lee, Cleveland, 1818, and again in 1819 and 1830; John Shaw, Euclid, 1831; Leonard Case, Cleve- land, 1831. From this period the duties of the clerk devolved upon the county auditor, ex-officio. Aqditoks — Elected iy the people for two years, tvith year of election. Leonard Case, Cleveland, 1833; John W. Willey, Cleveland, 1834; re-elected in 1836; Orville B. Skin- ner, Cleveland, 1838; re-elected in 1830 and 1832; Arvis S. Chapman, Cleveland, appointed to fill vac- ancy, 1834; Samuel Williamson, Cleveland, 1834; re- elected in 1836, 1838 and 1840; James A. Briggs, Cleveland, 1842; re-elected in 1844 -and 1846,' D. R. Whipple, Cleveland, 1848; Albert Clark, Cleveland, appointed for unexpired term 1848; re-elected in 1850; Charles Winslow, Cleveland, 1853; William Fuller, Brooklyn, 1854; re-elected in 1856 and 1858; Henry C. Hawkins, Cleveland, 1860; re-elected in 1863; Ansel Roberts, Cleveland, 1864; re-elected in 1866; WilhamS. Jones, Cleveland, 1868; re-elected in 1870 and 1873; L. D. Benedict, Cleveland, appointed to fill vacancy 1874; elected also 1875; L. P. Bauder, Cleveland, elected to a term of three years, 1877. ^s.F,Bism— Appointed iy the Court of Common Pleas. Smith S. Baldwin, Cleveland, 1810-13; Harvey Murray, Cleveland, 1813, one month; Eben Hosmer, Newburg, 1813-17; Enoch Murray, Cleveland, 1817- 19; Seth Doan, Cleveland, 1819-34; James S. Clark, Euclid, 1834-30. Elected by the people for two years with date of as- suming office. A. S. Barnum, Rockport, November 1, 1834; Seth S. Henderson, Newburg, November 1, 1836; re-elected 1838; Madison Miller, Cleveland, November 1, 1840; re-elected 1842; Huron Beebe, Cleveland, November 1, 1844; re-eleoted 1846; Elias S. Root, Cleveland, Nov- ember 1, 1848; Alva H. Brainard, Bedford, November 1, 1850; Seth A. Abbey, Cleveland, November 4, 1853; Miller M. Spangler, November 6, 1854; re- elected 1856; David L. Wightman, Warrensville, January 3, 1859; James A. Craw, Cleveland, January 7, 1861; Edgar 9. Lewis, Cleveland, January 5, 1863; Felix Nicola, Cleveland, January 2, 1865; re-elected 1866; John N. Frazee, Cleveland, January 4, 1869; re-elected 1870; Pardon B. Smith, Cleveland, January 6, 1873; A. "P. Winslow, Cleveland, January 3, 1875; John M. Wilcox, Cleveland, January 1, 1877; re- elected to begin January 1st, 1879. Teeasureks — Appointed by the County Commis- sioners, with time of service. Asa Dille, Cleveland; 1810-11. Erastus Miles, Newburg; 1811-14. David Long, Cleveland, 1814- 16. Daniel Kelley, Cleveland, 1816-38. Elected by the 2^eople for ttvo years, with year of election. Gaius Burk, Newburg, 1838; re-elected in 1830. Edward Baldwin, Cleveland, 1833; re-elected in 1834, '36, '38, '40 and '43. De Witt Clinton Baldwin, Cleveland, appointed for unexpired term, 1843; Me- lancthon Barnett, Cleveland, 1844; re-elected in 1846 and '48. George C. Dodge, Cleveland, 1850; re- elected in 1853 and '54. William Waterman, Cleve- land, 1856; re-elected in 1858. Harvey Burke, New- bvirg, 1860. A. M. Burke, Newburg, appointed to fill vacancy, 1861. Henry S. Whittlesey, Cleveland, 1862; re elected in 1864. Joseph Turney, Newburg, 1866; re-elected in 1868. Frank Lynch, Cleveland, 1869 (year of election changed); re-elected in 1871. P. \V. Pelton, Cleveland, 1873; re-elected in 1875. Moses G. Watterson, Cleveland, 1877. Recoeders — Appointed by the Court of Common Pleas, with time of service. John Walworth, Cleveland, 1810-13. Horace Perry, Cleveland, 1813-34. Elected by the people for three years, with year of election. Joseph B. Bartlett, Cleveland, 1834; re-elected in 1837. James B. Finney, Cleveland, 1840. William Richards, Cleveland, 1843; i-e-elected in 1846. Charles Winslow, Cleveland, 1849. Lee Ford, Bed- ford, 1853. John Packard, Cleveland, 1855; re- elected 1858. James Brokenshire, Cleveland, 1861. Benjamin Lamson, Bedford, 1864; re-elected 1867. Edward H. Bohm, Cleveland, 1870; re-elected 1873; Asa M. Vansickle, Independence, 1876. SuETBYOES — Appointed by the Court 0/ Common Pleas, with time of service. Samuel S. Baldwin, Newburg, 1810-1833; Edwin Foote, Brooklyn, 1823-1838; Aliaz Merchant, Cleve- land, 1838-1833. Elected by the people for three years, with year of election. Ahaz Merchant, Cleveland, 1833; William R. Coon, Dover, 1836; William H. Knapp, Independence, 1839; re-elected in 1842; Ahaz Merchant, Cleveland, 1845; re-elected 1848; J. C. Saxton, East Cleveland, 1851; Aaron Merchant, Cleveland, 1854; re-elected 314 GENBEAL HISTOEY OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. in 1857, 1860, 1863, and 1866; John M. Ackley, Brooklyn, 1869; re-elected in 1873; C. H. Burgess, Cleveland, 1875; re-elected 1878. STATE SESTATORS. 1803, Samuel Huntington, Cleveland; 1831-33, Alfred Kelley, Cleveland; 1833-34, Jabez Wright, Cleveland; 1835-39, Eeuben Wood, Cleveland; 1830- 33, John W. Willey, Cleveland; 1833-34, Frederick Whittlesey, Cleveland; 1835-36, John W. Allen, Cleveland; 1837-88, Simeon Fuller, Willoughby (then in Cuyahoga county); 1839-40, Eichard Lord, Ohio City; ] 843-44, Moses Kelley, Cleveland; 1847- 48, Franklin T. Backus, Cleveland; 1849-50, Henry B. Payne, Cleveland; 1853-53, Harvey Eice, Cleve- land; 1854-55, John A. Foot, Cleveland; 1856-57, Hiram Griswold, Cleveland; 1858-59, William Slade, Jr., Cleveland; 1860-61, Theodore Breck, Breoks- ville; 1863-63, John P. Eobison, Cleveland; 1864-67, Samuel Williamson, Cleveland; 1868-69, David A. Dangler, Cleveland; 1870-71, W. S. Streator, Cleve- land; 1873-73, Benjamin E. Beavis, Cleveland; Al- lan T. Brinsmade, Cleveland; 1874-75, Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls; William Bingham, Cleveland; 1876-77, Julius C. Schenck, Cleveland; Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls; 1878-79, Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls. REPRESENTATIVES IN THE STATE ASSEMBLY. 1804, Amos SpafEord, Cleveland; 1806, James Kingsbury, Cleveland; 1809, Amos Spafford, Cleve- land; 1811, Samuel Huntington, Cleveland; 1813, Samuel S. Baldwin, Newburg; 1813, John H. Strong. Cleveland; 1814-16, Alfred Kelley, Cleveland; 1817- 18, Lewis Dille, Euclid; 1819, Alfred Kelley, Cleve- land; 1830, Lewis Dille, Euclid; 1831, Josiah Barber, Brooklyn; 1833, Elias Lee, Euclid; 1833, William Coleman, Euclid; 1834-36, Leonard Case, Cleveland; 1837, Josiah A. Harris, Cleveland; 1838-39, John W. Willey, Cleveland; 1830, Harvey Eice, Cleveland; 1831-33, Job Doan, Cleveland; 1833, Timothy Doan, Euclid; 1834^35, Nehemiah Allen, Willoughby (then in Cuyahoga county); 1836, Philo Scovill, Cleveland; 1837, John A. Foot, Cleveland; Leverett Johnson, Do- ver; 1838, Leverett Johnson, Dover; William B. Lloyd, Cleveland; 1839, William B. Lloyd, Cleveland; 1840^ Leverett Johnson, Dover; J. H. Vincent, Chagrin Falls; 1841-43, Thomas M. Kelley, Cleveland; 1843, Samuel Mcllrath, Cleveland; David Harvey, Strongs- ville; 1844, David Harvey, Strongsville; John M. Woolsey, Cleveland; 1845, David Harvey, Strongs- ville; 1846, Franklin T. Backus, Cleveland; Theodore Breck, Brecksville; 1847, Theodore Brecksville; 1848, Leverett Johnson, Dover; 1849, John Gill, Cleveland; 1850, Samuel Williamson, Cleveland; 1853-53, Arthur Hughes, Cleveland; George T. Barnum, Eockport; 1854-55, James Tousley, Eoyalton; Erasmus D. Bur- ton, Euclid; 1856-57, Leverett Johnson, Dover; Isaac Braytou, Newburg; Geo. Mygatt, Cleveland; 1858-59, A. C. Gardner, Cleveland; John Watson, Cleveland; Eichard C. Parsons, Cleveland; 1860-61, EichardC. Parsons (speaker); 0. T. Blakeslee, Chagrin Falls; 1863-63, Franklin J. Dickmau, Cleveland; Charles H. Babeock, Brooklyn; Seneca 0. Griswold, Cleveland. 1864-65, Charles H. Babeock, Brooklyn; Azariah Ev- erett, Cleveland; Charles B. Lockwood, Cleveland. 1866-67, Charles B. Lockwood, Cleveland; David A. Dangler, Cleveland; Morris E. Gallup, Cleveland. 1868-69, Moses E. Gallup, Cleveland; N". B. Sherwin, Cleveland; Eobert B. Dennis, Cleveland. 1870-71, Eobert B. Dennis, Cleveland; George A. Hubbard, Cleveland; William N. Hudson, Cleveland; Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Falls. 1873-73, Harvey W. Curtiss, Chagrin Palls; Charles H. Babeock, Brooklyn; William C. McFarland, Cleveland; George Noakes, Cleveland; Henry M. Chapman,. Euclid, 1874-75, Henry M. Chapman, Euclid; John M. Cooley, Dover. Joseph M. Poe, Brooklyn; John P. Holt, Cleveland; Orlando J. Hodge, Cleveland. 1876-77, Orlando J. Hodge, Cleveland; John Fehrenbatch, Cleveland; Theodore Breek, Brecksville; Harry Sorter, Mayfield; Marshall L. Dempcey, Warrensville. 1878-79, Mar- shall L. Dempcy, Warrensville; John 0. Covert, Cleveland; George H. Foster, Cleveland; L. A. Palmer, Eockport; Joseph M. Poe, Brooklyn. MEMBERS OE CONSTITUTIOKAL CONVENTIONS. The first Constitutional Convention met November 1, 1803, at Chillicothe. The delegates from Trum- bull county were David Abbott, of Willoughby, and Samuel Huntington, of Cleveland. The second Constitutional Convention met at Co- lumbus, May 6, 1850. Sherlock J. Andrews repre- sented Cuyahoga county. The third Constitutional Convention convened at Columbus, May 13, 1873; the following being the delegates from Cuyahoga county: Sherlock J. An- drews, Martin A. Foran, Seneca 0. Griswold, Jacob Mueller, Amos Townsend. OHAPTEE XLIII. GEOIiOGY* The Map— The Transition Period— Condition of Eastern Ohio then— The Open Sea— Its Inhabitants— The Erie Shales— Cleveland Shales— Bed- ford Shales— Berea Grit— Cuyahoga Shales— Carboniferous Conglom- erate-Topography— Surface Deposits— Oil and Gas Wells— Pre-glflcial Scenery. A STUDY of the map accompanying this sketch, which was prepared by Professor Newberry for the Ohio geological reports, will make it easy to under- stand the geological structure of the county, which is simple and easily made out from the many contin- uous exposures of the rock strata in the valleys of the streams. All of the indurated rocks of the county are now regarded as sub-carboniferous, and as depos- ited in that transition period which preceded the deposition of the coal measure rocks. * By M. C. Read, A. M., Lecturer on Geology in Western EeRerve College, Hudson, Ohio. GEOLOGICAL MAP OF n Ri^eo BY J. S. Newberry, M. D. 'M ED I J3. CONGLOMER/^TE. 17 Waverly. 10. Erie Shale. ' J GEOLOGY. 215 At the commencement of this period, the whole of the eastern half of the State of Ohio constituted a part of the open sea, with the shore line of the land on the west extending from Erie county southward, along a line passing a little to the east of Columbus, thence into what is now the State of Kentucky, the ocean extending around this headland into the State of Indiana, occupying the greater part of Illinois, and a broad expanse to the west. This ancient sea was inhabited by a variety of fish, among them the most remarkable ganoids known, some of which are described by Professor Newberry in the geological reports. It supported, also, a mass of f ucoids and other sea- weeds, and in it was gradually laid down that great mass of carbonaceous shale, the outcrops of which may be seen along a line running from Erie county southward through the State, via Delaware county, and which, with a thickness of sev- eral hundred feet, underlies the exposed rocks of this county. It is regarded as the great source of supply of the oil-wells of Pennsylvania and of the gas-wells of Northern Ohio. Over this, and in comparatively quiet waters, were deposited the Erie shales, colored gi'een upon the map, being the oldest rocks exposed in their natural bed in the county. They are composed of soft, fria- ble, bluish-green shales, with bands of impure lime- stone, containing a profusion of fossils- They are in this county about five hundred feet in thickness, di- minishing to the west and steadily increasing in thickness to the east, and are regarded as the equiva- lent of the upper half of the Portage group of the New York geologists. In Pennsylvania they contain bands of coarse sandstone, constituting the lower sand rocks of the oil regions. In this county fissures in the shale are in places filled with dessicated petro- leum, resembling albertite, and having essentially the same chemical composition. Where exposed they ■disclose no valuable minerals in sufficient quantity to be of any practical importance. CLEVELAND SHALE. After the deposition of the Erie shales the condi- tions became such that a large growth of vegetation was supported in and on the shores of the open water, by the partial decomposition of which the sediment was filled with carbonaceous matter, which, com- pressed and consolidated, formed the Cleveland shale. This is a bed of black, highly bituminous shale, con- taining ten to fifteen per cent, of combustible matter, and is the source of supply of most of the oil wells and springs in northeastern Ohio. The shale is tough, in thin layers, and when exposed to the air becomes red from the slow consumption of the car- bonaceous matter and the peroxidization of the iron. The formation is in this county from twenty to sixty feet thick, the lower half often taking on the characteristics of the Erie shale below, showing that the changed conditions at the time of its deposition were not uniform over the county. Prof. Newberry has obtained from this shale at Bedford quite a num- ber of fish teeth, consisting of species of Polyrhizo- dus, Gladodus and Orodus; all carbonaceous sharks. The surfaces of the shale are also in this locality sometimes covered with little comb-like fossils de- scribed by Pander, the Eussian palaeontologist, under the name of Conodonts and supposed by him to be the teeth of small sharks. These I think will prove to be dermal ossicles of cartilagenous fishes, and to be most nearly allied to the shagreen that covers some portions of the sturgeon. (Prof. N., Vol. I, Ohio Ge- ology.) Other eminent palaeontologists regard them as the teeth of Annelids. It has also yielded finely preserved specimens of the palatal teeth of Ctenodus Wagneri (Nbwb.), of one specimen of which he has furnished me an excellent cast. The analysis of this shale by Prof. Wormley gives the following as its composition : Water, 1.10; earthy matter, 87.10; volatile matter, 6.90; fixed carbon, 4.90: 100.00. Combustible mat- ter, 11.80; gas per lb. 0.62 cu. ft. Should the supply of petroleum from wells fail it could be profitably obtained from this shale by distil- lation. BEDFORD SHALES. After the deposition of the Cleveland shales the conditions were again changed and the sediment con- tained but little carbonaceous matter, the coloring material of the rocks being the blue carbonate of iron. The material deposited was a mixture of argillaceous and siliceous mud, forming clay shales where the for- mer predominated and sandstone where the latter pre- dominated. The upper part of this deposit is in places conspicuously red at the outcrops, the result of peroxidization of the iron. At the Newburg, Kingsbury and East Cleveland quarries the deposit is a fine-grained, blue quarry-rock, a serviceable stone for walls, window sills, etc., and for sawing into flagging stone, but requires a careful selection to exclude that containing iron sulphide, which by oxydization will color and disintegrate the stone. A single firm at East Cleveland furnishes about fifty thousand square feet of flagging stone per J ear from this rock^ and that from Newburg is ex- tensively used both in and out of the county. The lower portion carries large numbers of molluscous fos- sils. In the first volume of the Ohio Eeports these quarries were described as on the same horizon as the " Buena- Vista" stone of the Sciota valley, which has an excellent reputation and is quite similar to this Cuyahoga stene; but Prof. Orton in a recent report in Ohio statistics (1878) locates this " Buena-Vista " immediately above the Berea. Additional work is needed for positive identification. BBEEA GKIT. From the sediment deposited immediately above the Bedford shale the argillaceous matter was washed out and carried away by running water or shore waves, leaving a nearly homogeneous mass of water-washed 316 GENERAL HISTORY OE CITYAHOGA COtTNTY. sand, wliicli was subsequently consolidated into rock, and constitutes the famous Berca stone, called some- times the Amherst stone, the Independence stone, the Ohio stone, etc., of Northern Oliio. It is a build- ing stone of great excellence, the best in the State, and equal to the best obtained anywhere. It is about sixty feet thick, fine grained, compact, strong and durable, generally quite homogeneous, and often -in massive layers which split with great facility along the lines of deposition, and can be quarried in large or small blocks as the wants of tlie consumer require. Generally the upper part is in thinner layers, and suitable for flagging stone. The lower part is ordina- rily massive, or in thick layers. It furnishes superior material for grindstones, and is the basis of import- ant industries in the country, the shipments from Berea alone aggregating about ten thousand car-loads a year. The outcrop of this rock is in places covered by the drift, but can be traced from Olmstead Palls through Berea in Middleburgh township, Parma, Inde- pendence and Brecksville on the west side of the Cuya- hoga, through Newburg, East Cleveland and Euclid, thence up the Chagrin river through Mayfield and Orange township to Chagrin Falls, where it forms the bed of the river, and down the river on the opposite side to Gates Mills; where it trends eastwardly into Geauga county. In all of these townships excellent quarries could be opened, and the prospective value of this rock within the limits of the county can hardly be computed. In most of the townships quarries are already opened, and thei-e is no city in the United States which can be supplied with a first-class build- ing stone in much larger quantities and at cheaper rates than Cleveland. The color of the stone differs at the various open- ings on account of the difference in the anount of iron contained in it, and of the different modes in which this is distributed. At Berea some of it is white, but the prevailing color is gray; at Independ- ence and Chagrin Falls light buff or drab, and in places it is filled with dark colored spots from the un- equal distribution of the coloring matter. This is a very general characteristic in the eastern counties of the State. Plants similar to those of the coal measures and the remains of fishes are sparingly found in this bed. At Chagrin Falls a number of specimens of a ganoid fish — Palaconisciis Brainerdi — have been gathered, also shark's teeth, Lingulae and the Ctenaecanthuf. CUYAHOGA SHALES. A somewhat sudden transition occurred after the deposition of the materials of the Berea grit, and a finely comminated argillaceous sediment was deposited in quiet waters which swarmed with lingulae, disca- enal and other molluscous animals. The lingulae and discaenal are so abundant in the shales immediately resting upon the Berea that they have become a reli- able indication of its presence below when completely covered by the overlying shales. The accumulation of this sediment continued until it attained a thickness of between one hundred and fifty and two hundred feet, much of it argillaceous and resulting in clay shales, some so siliceous as to produce a fine grained sandstone in thin layers, and occasion- ally containing such an abundance of the remains of molluscous animals as to result in an impure lime- stone. It discloses in the county no valuable minerals, but should be thoroughly explored for the outcrops of a mass of evenly bedded, hard grained sandstone, which splits with difficulty, resists abrasion, and is quarried in Trumbull and Summit counties for a pav- ing stone. For this use it is admirably adapted, and in appearance, and under all tests with the ham- mer, appears fully equal to the stone brought to Cleveland for this use from the State of New York. It is to be found in the upper half of the Cuyahoga shales, and quarries in it would prove of great value to the City of Cleveland. The Cuyahoga shale in the neighboring counties contains a great variety of well preserved fossils, most of which may probably be found in it within this county. These four beds, which have been described in an ascending order, above the Erie shale and below the conglomerate, constitute the Waverly group of the first Oliio Geological survey, and are colored yellow upon the mapi The subdivisions in it, which are so plainly marked in the valley of the Cuyahoga, can not be traced through the State, but the group, as a whole, is well defined, and the term may well be re- tained by all writers upon Ohio Geology. CARBONn?EEOUS CONGLOMEEATB. The material laid down upon the Cuyahoga shales presents very much the appearance of the water- washed and reasserted residuum of a glacial drift. It is a coarse sandstone, containing many well rounded water-washed quartz pebbles, and some large frag- ments of various granitic and metamorphic rocks. Whatever may be the mode by which the material was brought to its present position, it was evidently subjected to the action of shore waves, which carried away all the finer material, and reasserted all the sand and coarse gravel, but was not long enough con- tinued to grind up and destroy all the vegetable re- mains imbedded in it. It contains, in places, a profusion of the remains of calamites, the lepidoclendron, and other plants of the coal measures, which are so well preserved as to show that they were not carried far from their place of growth. The quartz pebbles and coarse gravel m- cluded in the deposit are most abundant near the base, and in places constitute the great mass of the rock. It projects into the country from the high- lands of the south, on both sides of the river, being the surface rock in a part of Brecksville, Royal ton ^y (^L -L Oi-'l^'i-^i-i^J GEOLOGY. 217 and Strongsville townships, on the west side; and of Solon, Orange and Warrensville, on the east. Its surface is from four hundred and fifty to five hundred feet above the lake, and is colored red upon the map. Prom it could be obtained an unlimited supply of ' good stone for bridge and foundation uses, but the superior quality and nearer proximity to Cleveland of the Berea, makes the conglomerate of little im- portance, except for local use. At the time of the deposit of this, the most recent of the indurated rocks of the county, the continent supported no flowering plants; the vegetation of the land and water was confined to sea-weeds, mosses and ferns; no mammals, birds or reptiles had appeared anywhere, the most highly organized animals being ganoids, mud-fishes and sharks; the North American continent extended from the polar regions into but a small part of what now constitutes the United States; The Alleghanies and the Rocky Mountains were not lifted above the ocean, and during all subsequent geological times until the glacial epoch is approached, the history of Cuyahoga county must remain unwrit- ten except as its condition may be inferred from re- cords outside of the county. During this long period sedimentary rocks, includ- ing all those of the coal measures and the Permian of Palaeozoic time as well as all these of those Mesozoic and Cenozoic time, and aggregating in thickness not far from twenty-five thousand feet, were deposited; the most important mountain chains of the continent were lifted from the ocean, and by slow accretions the continent assumed its present form. The fauna and flora also changed with the changed condition of the continent, and evidence is not wanting that Cuyahoga county for a long time enjoyed a tropical or sub- tropical climate, and that its soil supported a luxuri- ant vegetation of tropical plants and trees. Many of these have left no representatives in this latitude, but the gigantic Sequoia of California and our own magni- ficent whitewood or tulip tree, Lierodendron tulipifera, are survivors of genera which, in tertiary times, were represented by very many species. The con- tinent was also inhabited by many strange and for- midable animals, wild horses, oxen, huge reptiles, birds with reptile-like teeth, mastodons, elephants, etc., the remains of the two latter showing that they were inhabitants of this county; the presence of the others only to be inferred from the fact that Cuyahoga county remained a part of the elevated land of the continent and open to their occupancy. Of the closing years of this epoch, before the drift, some records remain inscribed upon the rock strata of the county in the form of deep channels of ero- sion carried below the present line of drainage, and showing that the land formerly stood at a much higher elevation than now, and which will be herein- after described. TOPOGRAPHY. The topography of the county has been determined by three causes modified by the geological structure: First. Pre-glacial surface erosion when the land was elevated several hundred feet above the present level. Second. The glacial action which scooped out the basin of Lake Erie filled the pre-glacial channels of erosion, removed the upper parts of the exposed strata, and covered the whole surface with drift, the debris 'of local and northern rocks. Third. Post-glacial surface erosion, which has es- tablished recent channels of drainage, and in places assorted and redeposited the material of the drift. Profile Section Across the Cuyahoqa Valley. Conglolnerate. Cuyahoga Shale. Berea Grit. 4. Bedford Shale. 5. Cleveland Shale. 6. Erie Shale. 7, Old Flood Plain. 8. Erie Clay in Old Valley. This former greater elevation is evidenced by the channels of erosion or canyons cut through the rock strata to a depth of some two hundred feet below the present surface of the lake; the Cuyahoga occupying one of these channels, and now flowing some two hundred feet above the bed of the ancient river. That this greater elevation and subsequent depression was not local, but is due to some cause affecting the whole northern hemisphere, is evidenced by the deeply buried ancient river channels in all this territory, and by the contour of all the lands in the northern hemisphere. as contrasted with that of the southern. The denu- dation of the shore by ocean waves spreads out the debris, and gives a substantial level to the floor of the ocean, and the elevations of the adjacent land will leave its perimeter little indented with headlands and bays. Long continued subaerial erosion of elevated lands will cut out deep channels, and a subsequent subsidence will convert these channels into bays, the elevated parts into headlands and capes, giving such an irregular contour and indented shore line as char- acterizes all the lands of the northern hemispheres. 28 218 GENEEAL HISTORY OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. and is one of the many causes of their more rapid advance in civilization, illustrating the fact that geological changes in the remote past have located our harbors, established modern centres of commerce, and determined the relative civilization of different sections. As the result of these influences and the action of the shore waves of the lake, which has formerly been at a higher level, the surface of the county presents a series of terraces rising from the lake until the old lake ridges are past, rising thence southward with a gradual slope, except in places where the harder rock strata have produced benches or bluffs to the summit of the subcarboniferous conglomerate. The surface drainage is all into Lake Erie, and mainly by the Cuyahoga, Rocky and Chagrin rivers and their tributaries, the Cuyahoga within the limits of this county occupying the channel of an ancient pre-glacial canyon while most of its tributaries have excavated their rock channels since the drift period. The Rocky river has mainly a recent channel, but runs near an ancient river bed, the month of which may be observed a little west of the mouth of the present stream. The channels of the Chagrin river and its tributaries are mostly post-glacial. These topographical peculiarities are the results of agencies which have been in operation for a period long enough before the glacial epoch for subaerial erosion to ex- cavate channels in the rock strata to the depth of some seven hundred and fifty feet, (or from the summit of the highlands to the bottom of the ancient bed of the Cuyahoga,) and long enough since the close of that epoch for the excavation of the recent channels of the Chagrin and Rocky rivers, and for that of Tinker's creek at Bedford. This is but the brief closing chapter of the geological history of the past. SUEEACE DEPOSITS. The character of the surface deposits has been determined by part of the same causes which shaped the topography of the county — the advance of the great ice sheet from the north which scooped out the basin of the lake, broke up, crushed and pulverized the surface rocks, mingled with this debris a part of the material scooped out of the lake basin, and that brought from the highlands in Canada, filled up the ancient channels, and covered the rock surface with this mixed material. During some stage of this epoch the finer material which would remain long in suspension in the water eddied backward toward the north either in open or ice covered water, and was deposited in the finely laminated clays which are the base of the surface deposits near the lake, and are found in places along the channels of the rivers some- times resting on the glaciated rock surface, and some- times upon the unmodified drift. In places along the valleys this drift-material has been ground up and washed by the action of water, the finer material carried away, and the residue left in the form of stratified sand and gravel, containing occasionally large boulders which have resisted all the pulverizing agencies. Along the former mar- gin of the lake the shore waves have washed out the finer portions of this material, ground up the residue and left it in a series of ridges marking successive ele- vations of the waters of the lake. Four of these ridges can be identified at elevations of about one hun- dred, one hundred and thirty-five, one hundred and seventy-five and two hundred feet respectively above the present surface of the lake, resulting in a band of light sandy soil, eminently fitted for gardening and the raising of peaches and small fruits. The drift-deposit, where it has not been modified in one of these ways, consists of a bed of clay varying greatly in its thickness, filled with the fragments of the local rocks and of all the rocks outcropping to the north to and including the granitic highlands of Canada. These must have included the corniferous limestone now constituting the surface rock about Sandusky, and as a result this drift clay soil is tem- pered and ameliorated by an important percentage of lime. The upper part of this drift clay is yellow, but where it is of very great thickness the lower part is blue; the relation of each part being such as to indi- cate that the color of the upper is the result of the slow peroxidization of the blue oxide of iron in the lower clay. This mingled material of the drift re- sults in a tenacious clay soil admirably adapted for grazing, but capable of producing large crops of all our staple grains where carefully and properly culti vated. Resting upon this drift are many rounded and angu- lar granitic boulders, some of large size, which are ordinarily referred to the " Iceberg drift," these being regarded as dropped from floating icebergs after the mass of the drift was deposited. This may be sup- posed to have occurred through the breaking up of the retreating glaciers when it had become so thin as to float upon the water, and thus have constituted the final chapter in the history of the glacial period, or to have been the result of a subsequent depression of the surface and the floating southward of northern icebergs. It is possible, also, that these surface boulders may be the result of the surface erosion of the original drift uncovering the boulders buried in it. As tending to the latter conclusion may be noted the abundance of these boulders in many places on the northern side of the lake ridges where the shore waves have removed a large part of the drift deposits. OIL AND GAS WELLS. Wells have been sunk in the county for petroleum at Brighton, in the valley of the Cuyahoga and Rocky rivers, and in Mayfield, Warrensville and Euclid. Oil, appearing in the lower layers of the Bedford shales and seeping out near the outcrops of the Cleveland shale, has induced these explorations, and some show of oil has been obtained in most of these wells. Deep borings in Cleveland, one by the Gas Company and one by the Standard Oil Company near the month of GEOLOGY. 319 Kingsbury run, haye afforded some gas, while a copi- ous flow has been obtained from a well bored by Cap- tain Spaulding between Cleveland and Rocky River, and a still more abundant supply from a well in the valley of Rocky river. It is doubtless true that the Cleveland and the Hu- ron shales are the great sources of the supply of the oil and gas obtained from wells in Pennsylvania and Ohio. The Cleveland shale furnishes the valuable oil obtained in the Mecca (Ohio) oil regions, which is curved upward and saturates the Berea sandstone which there lies near the surface and in places is thoroughly protected by an impervious bed of drift clay. In Cuyahoga county the ravines cutting through this shale have for ages afforded means of escape for all the gas and oil resulting from the slow decomposition of the carbonaceous matter in the shale, and the indications are not favorable for either gas or oil from this source. If either is obtained in the county, it must be that produced from the Huron shale. The conditions favorable for copious supplies of gas or oil are a heavy bed of bituminous shale, deeply buried below all lines of drainage, which has been slightly disturbed and broken up so as to afford facil- ities for the production and the escape of the liberated hydro-carbons, a coarse sandstone above to retain the products, and the whole covered with impervious clay or clay shales preventing their escape. The undis- turbed condition of the Huron shales and the want of any important bands of sandstone in the Erie shale above do not point to this county as a favorable site for explorations for oil, but the abundance of gas springs along the lake shore shows that gas is contin- ually escaping and wells bored down to the Huron shale demonstrate that in places an abundant and long-continued flow of gas may be obtained. But no surface indications will enable any one to predict the result of experiments made in any locality, and while some gas or oil will probably be liberated by any well sunk down to the Huron shale, the question of the amount of either obtained can only be determined by experiment. Wherever machinery is used for other purposes and affords a surplus power for drilling, a well could be sunk down at little expense, with a rea- sonable prospect of obtaining gas and the chance of obtaining oil in paying quantities. POST-GLACIAL HISTOEY. After the drift period the surface was again gradu- ally clothed with vegetation; new forms of animal and vegetable life appeared; new channels of drainage were established, the larger streams generally follow- ing the old pre-glacial channels, as excavations in them were more rapid than on rock surfaces; and man soon appeared as the crowning product of Cre- ative Power. Remains of his works have been found in this country and Europe in the drift, by careful observers, in such positions that they have inferred his presence iefore the drift. But these remains have been taken from the modified river drift, and it is be- lieved there is no well authenticated find of this nature which has been taken from the unmodified glacia- debriSj and the records of his history must yet be re- garded as bearing date subsequent to the glacial epoch. His presence in Cuyahoga county during a long pe- riod of pre-historic time is evidenced in many ways; but this part of the history of the county belongs to the archffiologist, and not to the geologist. PRE-GLACIAL SCENERY. Prof. Newberry, in his report upon this county, says: "These bluffs (of the Berea) unquestionably, were once the shore cliffs of the lake, and anterior to that time the stratum of the Berea grit stretched across the valley of the Cuyahoga, probably forming- a shelf over which the river flowed in a cascade rival- ing in hight, if not in volume of water, that of Niag- ara. It is not difficult, from a study of the character of the rock strata, to reproduce the scenery which char- acterized the Cuyahoga valley during the time of the erosion of this ancient canyon. It is only where there is an alternation of hard and soft rocks in beds approaching the horizontal position, that canyon- making proceeds with any great rapidity, and in such cases the work is carried on by an undermining pro- cess which causes the rock beds, too hard to yield to the erosive action of running water, to break by their own weight and fall in successive fragments into the chasms below them. To reproduce the pre-glacial scenery of the Cuyahoga valley, we must erase Lake Erie from the map, and near the center, or a little north of the center of its present location, substitute a winding canyon, draining toward the east, and of a depth approaching one thousand feet, with number- less other similar canyons of similar depth emptying their waters, into it. The land of the county, certainly more than seven hundred and fifty feet above the bottoms of these canyons, how much more we cannot tell, extended far to the north and was covered with a network of canyons, two of which were nearly coincident in location with the Cuyahoga and Rocky rivers. At some time during the process of the erosion of these channels the conglomerate of the Cuyahoga valley was not cut by the canyon at the south line of the county. At that point it then formed the bed-rock of a river which may have been many times larger than the present Cuyahoga, and which poured over its margin in a precipitous fall of three hundred feet, or to the surface of the Berea. The intervening Cuya- hoga shales are largely argillaceous and easily eroded. In most places they would all be cut out and carried away until the conglomerate was undermined, giving a precipitous fall from the top of the conglomerate to the Berea, with the bottom of the canyon strewn with huge blocks of the conglomerate which had fallen from the bluff, as it was slowly but continu- ously undermined. In places there are very hard 230 GENERAL HISTORY OE CUYAHOGA COUNTY. beds in these Cuyahoga shales which would resist erosioD, and at times, in place of a precipitous fall, would be formed a steep decline down which the water would rush in any eddying and foaming torrent, in time remoying these harder beds, and when the shale became again more argillaceous, restoring the perpendicular falls. Below this fall and to the north of it, the Berea would resist erosion until after the Bedford shales be- low were carried away and the Berea undermined, when the stream would pour over it in a fall of one hundred and thirty-five feet to the bed of the tough impervious Cleveland shale. The latter, resisting erosion, would be undermined by the erosion of the soft and fi'iable Erie shale, and a third waterfall would result of a bight of over four hundred feet. At places, the Cleveland shale is thinner and more easily eroded, and in such places the lowest fall would gradually approach the second one, be ultimately joined with it, and the water would have clear descent of over five hundred and ninety-five feet. This can- yon was intersected with other similar canyons, with similar waterfalls, one of which joined it in the cor- ner of Bedford township, passing through Northfield, Hudson and Stow in Summit county, where its buried channel is washed by a chain of swamps and lakelets. Rivulets of various sizes emptied into it from both sides, the water falls in a precipitous descent, or in a succession of cascades. In places the decomposition of the argillaceous shales would widen out the canyon, undermine the compact, hard strata above, forming a succession of bold bluffs, from which huge masses would occasionally fall into the whirling torrents below, dense forests crowning the bluffs would add to the picturesque beauty of the scenery, the whole forming an interesting illustration of the resulting beauty from the orderly workings of the forces of na- ture, where no appreciative eye can see it, but which the student of nature, many thousands of years after- wards, can with a good degree of accuracy repro- duce.* '■'The thickness and the subdivisions of the rook strata as given in this sketch are taken from Prof. Newberry's report for the State survey, to which I am also indebted for many other facts. M. C. E. History of Cuyahoga County, PART SECOND: THE CITY OF CLEVELAND, IML. MO'SES ( DIED AT Canterbury. CONN. 1806. AGED 70 years. The City of Cleveland. CHAPTER XLIV. THE FIRST FOUK TEARS. The Beginning— First Streets— First Map— The Name— The Stiles Fam- ily—First Buildings— Boundaries— Description -Streets— The Original Lots— Civil Condition— Topography, Soil, etc.— Mouth of the Cuya- hoga— Sale of Lots— The Residents the First Winter— Gifts to Settlers — Firet Funeral and Graveyard— Lorenzo Carter and Ezekiel Hawley— The Oldest Survivor — Pioneer House-building — First Wedding— Pro- gress of Survey— Sickness— James Kingsbury— Pi-lmitive Grist-Mill— Nathaniel Doan— Elijah Gun— Fever and Ague— Dogwood instead of Quinine— Failure to obtain Flour— First Grist-MiU— The First Raising —Indian Quarrel— Game— A Thrilling Adventure. The story of the various Indian tribes which lived and fought in the vicinity of Cleveland, and of the military expeditions which passed along the southern shore of Lake Brie, on land and water, has already been told in the general history of the county. There, too, will be found a sketch of the title of the Western Eeserve, and of the survey of that tract in the years 1796 and 1797. The separate history of Cleveland may fairly be said to begin on the sixteenth day of September, 1796, when Augustus Porter, the principal sui-veyor of the Connecticut Land Company, commenced laying out a few streets on the right hand side of the Cuyahoga river, at its junction with Lake Erie, for the purpose of establishing a village at that point, which it was hoped would one day become a city. Mr. Porter ran out the street lines, while his assistants, Messrs. Seth Pease, Amos SpafEord and Eichard Stoddard surveyed the "city" lots,' or at least a part of them. By the first of October the work was completed (unless some of the lots were not marked off till the next year), and a rude map of the proposed city was made by Mr. Spafford, which is published in Col. Whittlesey's Early History of Cleveland. The work, of course, was under the general superintendence of Gen. Moses Cleaveland, the agent of the Connecticut Land Company, as well as one of its principal stock- holders, who had charge of the operations in the field during that year. It was at this time, too— that is, about the last of September, 1796— that the location in question re- ceived the name which, with the exception of a single letter, it has ever since borne. Previously it had been spoken of in the minutes of the surveyors as "Cuyahoga," or sometimes as the mouth of the Cuyahoga. The first mention of the name on record, so far as is known, is in the agreement drawn up by the em- ployes of the company in regard to the settlement of Euclid, mentioned in the general history of the county. That agreement declares itself to have been entered into at a meeting "held at the city of Cleve- land on the 30th day of September, 1796." The name was occasionally spelled without the letter a, even in the old records, but this was through inadvertence. General Moses Cleaveland, who had bestowed his own name on the "city" he had founded, always spelled it with an a, and this example was followed in all written and printed records (except by occasional accident) for fifty years from the time in question. The "city" at that time contained two log houses! one had been built the previous spring as the head- quarters of the party which was surveying the Re- serve, and was also occupied as the residence of Job P. Stiles and Tabitha Stiles, his wife, who "kept house" for those of the party who were from time to time at headquarters. It was sometimes called " Pease's hotel," from Seth Pease, who was Mr. Portei-'s principal assistant, and was situated on the low ground under the hill, between Main street and the river. The other, near the junc- tion of Main street and the river, was the storehouse of the surveyors, and had also been built by them during the same season. There was also on the ter- ritory now belonging to the city on the west side of the river, a dilapidated, unoccupied log house, which was supposed to have been erected ten years before by the agents of the Northwestern Fur Company, in which to receive provisions brought from Pittsburg, as narrated in the general history. The map before mentioned, made by Mr. Spafford, is dated October 1, 1796. The area which had been surveyed for the proposed city and was delineated on the map was bounded north by the lake, west by the river, south by a line a little south of Ohio street, and east by a line a quarter .of a mile east of Erie street, crossing the present Euclid avenue at the junction of Huron street. The map shows the "Public Square," now Monu- mental Square, containing ten acres, with Superior street running through it parallel with the lake shore. It had first been named " Broad " street, and that (223) 224 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. name had been written on the map, but had been stricken oat and Superior substituted. Parallel with Superior street, Lake street occupied its pi-esent course, but extended only from "Water street to Erie. Huron street ran as now from the river to a point a quarter of a mile east of Erie, where the city then ended. Ohio street ran from Erie westward only to Miami street, which then extended thus far south. Another street was delineated on the map under the name of Federal street. It ran from Erie eastward to the east- ern limits of the city plat; occupying the ground now embraced in that part of St. Clair street, but extending no farther west than Erie. Bath street ran from Water street westward along the margin of the lake to the mouth of the river, being some twelve rods wide at the eastern end, but gradually narrowing to five or six rods at the western extremity. These six streets (Bath, Lake, Federal, Superior, Huron and Ohio) were all that were at first surveyed to run parallel with "the lake shore, and generally called "east and west streets." The "north and south" streets, or more accurately those at right angles with the lake, first surveyed, were Water, Ontario, Miami and Erie. The first still re- tains the same course and extent then given it, run- ning from the foot of Superior street northward to the lake. Ontario ran from the lake southward through the Public Square to Huron street, occupy- ing the same ground as now, except the extension from Huron street to Central Market. Miami street began at Huron, followed its present brief course southward, and also extended on the same line to Ohio street. And finally Erie street, which was the longest in the city, ran from the lake southward over its pres-v ent course to the line of the surveyed tract, which, as before stated, was a little south of Ohio street. Besides these there were three streets, as they are termed on the map, but usually called lanes in the old records, designed to lead from the low ground along the river to the bluffs above. One running from the junction of Superior and Water streets northwestward to what was called the "Lower Landing," was named Union street, or lane, and corresponded to the present southern part of Spring street. Mandrake street then as now extended from Water street southwesterly down the hill to the landing, while Vineyard street ran from the Junction of Water and Superior street southwesterly to the " Upper Landing," it being now called South Water street. Still another lane, called Maiden lane, was surveyed from the middle of Vine- yard street in an easterly course up the hill and thence to Ontario street, which it reached at a point about half way between the square and Huron street, but this was soon entirely abandoned. It is not certain exactly when the names of Broad and Court were changed respectively to Superior and Ontario, but it would appear as if it was done by Gen- eral Cleaveland's orders before the map left Spafford's hands, as the chirography of the new names is seem- ingly the same as the rest of the writing on the map. The same map showed a complete division of the city into lots, though it was not certain that they were all surveyed and marked that autumn. They were numbered from one to two hundred and twenty; the first extending from Lake street to the lake shore on the east side of Water street, and the last running from Miami street, nearly opposite the junction of Ohio, back to the Cuyahoga river. The greater por- tion of the lots were eight rods by forty, containing two acres, but many were larger than that and some were smaller. Number two hundred and twenty. Just mentioned, was over a hundred and twenty rods long, while numbers one hundred and twenty-five to one hundred and thirty-three inclusive, lying south of Ohio street, were only about ten rods long. There were, however, only a few lots having less than two acres each, and it is perhaps largely due to this liberal plan, devised by the projectors of Cleveland, that the city is to this day probably the "roomiest" one of its size in the United States. While some of the surveyors were laying out the city proper, others were dividing the suburbs into out-lots. Prom Erie street east and from Ohio street south the nearest land was divided into lots of ten or twenty acres each, while the remainder of the survey- township of Cleveland, comprising what was subse- quently known as the civil townships of Cleveland and Newburg, was divided into lots of a hundred acres each. The tracts Just mentioned (that is, the city lots, the ten and twenty acre lots and the hundred acre lots) together occupied all that part of the pres- ent city east of the Cuyahoga, all of the present town- ship of Newburg and the eastern part of the present township of East Cleveland. No civil township had yet been organized in this part of the county in the fall of 1796. The territory of the future city east of the river was nominally comprised in the county of Washington in the North- west Territory, but no actual Jurisdiction was exer- cised here by the Territorial authorities, and it was not yet quite certain whether the Connecticut Land Company was not vested with all the powers of gov- ernment as well as the title to the land. The land on the west side of the Cuyahoga was nominally in the county of Wayne in the Northwest Territory, but though the pre-emption right to it had been purchased by the Land Company, the right of occupancy had not been bought from the Indians, who were in undis- turbed possession of all that portion of the Eeserve. The surface of the embryo metropolis was moder- ately level on both sides of the river, except that on each side a steep bluff, from fifty to eighty feet high, separated the low flats of the Cuyahoga from the ta- ble-land above. Near the present eastern bounds of the present city the ground rose into a high ridge which extended nearly north and south a distance of about four miles. Prom this ridge the stream now called Kingsbury run flowed westward into the Cuy- ahoga through a narrow hollow, bounded by bluffs almost as lofty as those which enclose the river flats. THE FIRST FOUR YEARS. 335 The larger stream which soon received the name of Mill creek ran in rapid cascades, between rocky and precipitous banks, through the extreme southeastern part of the present city, long known as Newburg, and then, curving southward, emptied into the river in the present township of Independence. Another brook, ere long known as Doan's creek, from one of the earliest of the pioneers, having begun its course in Warrensville, ran southwestward through the ex- treme eastei-n part of the present city to the lake, but was not distinguished by the very high banks which marked the other streams. The soil of the whole tract was a sandy loam, some- times almost pure sand, with occasional sections of clay or gravel. Out of this arose a heavy growth of chestnuts, oaks, elms, maples and beeches, their mighty trunks- standing far apart, but their wide- spreading boughs shading all the earth with a dense mass of foliage. The Cuyahoga river emptied into the lake a short distance west of its present mouth, and still farther west was to be seen the location of a still earlier bed, which was then a stagnant pond. Across the mouth of the river ran a bar of sand which in spring and fall was torn open by the current of the rushing river, but which in summer came so near the surface that even the light schooners, two or three in num- ber, which then navigated Lake Erie, could not cross it. Once inside, there was a commodious harbor, with room and depth for vessels of the first class. Such was the locality selected by General Moses Cleaveland, acting in behalf of the Connecticut Land Company, for the principal city of the Western Re- serve. The survey township in which it was situated had been selected as one of six, which were to be sold for the benefit of the company at large, and not to be divided among the stockholders, as was almost all the rest of the Reserve. It had accordingly been divided as before stated, the part nearest the city into the ten and twenty acre lots, and the remainder into hundred acre lots. It was proposed to sell at first only a fourth of the townships, and Augustus Porter, the principal surveyor of the company, submitted a propo- sition as to the manner of making such sale. In the first place city lots number fifty-eight to sixty-three inclusive, and eighty-one to eighty-seven inclusive, comprising all the lots bordering on the public square, and one more, were to be reserved for public purposes, as were also " the point of land west of the town" (which we take to be the low peninsula southwest of the viaduct), and some other portions of the flats if thought advisable. Then Mr. Porter pro- posed to begin with lot number one, and offer for sale every fourth number in succession throughout the towns, on these terms. Each person who would engage to become an actual settler in 1797, might purchase one town lot, one ten or twenty-acre lot, and one hundred-acre lot, or as much less as he might choose; settlement, however, to be imperative in every case. The price of town 29 lots was to be fifty dollars; that of the ten,-acre lots three dollars per acre; that of the twenty-acre lots two dollars per acre, and that of the hundred-acre lots a dollar and a half per acre. The town lots were to be paid for in ready cash; for the larger tracts twenty per cent, was to be paid down, and the rest in three annual instalments, with annual interest. It will be seen that even at that time the projectors of Cleveland had a pretty good opinion of its future; valuing the almost unbroken forest which constituted the city at twenty-five dollars per acre in cash, while equally good land outside its limits was to be sold for from three dollars down to a dollar and a half per acre, with three years' credit. This program, which was dated on the 28th of Sep- tember, 1796, seems to have been immediately con- firmed, at least temporarily, by Gen. Cleaveland; for on the map before mentioned, dated September 30th, the names of six purchasers are written on the lots they had chosen, only every fourth lot being selected, and those around the square being left untaken. Stiles took or proposed to take 53, Baun 65, Shepard 69, Chapman 73, and Landon 77; all being on Superior street, and all except the last on the north side, ex- tending all the way from Water street to Erie street. Messrs. Shepard and Chapman must certainly have had a good deal of faith in Cleveland, if they gave twenty-five dollars an acre for land in the dense forest, over half a mile from the two log houses which then constituted the city. By the eighteenth of October all the surveyors and their assistants left Cleveland for their homes in the East. They left Mr. and Mrs. Stiles and Mr. Joseph Landon in possession of the city. The two former, as has been said, had previously been merely employees of the land company, but had now deter- mined to become actual settlers. A cabin was built for them by the surveyors before they left, situated on the top of the hill, at the west end of Superior street. Mr. Landon had also been in the service of the company. He, however, remained but a few weeks, and went east before winter set in. Mr. Edward Paine, afterwards known as Gen. Paine, the founder of Painesville, Lake county, then took board with Mr. Stiles, and began trading in a small way with the In- dians (Chippewas, Ottawas, etc.), who camped at various points on the west side of the Cuyahoga dur- ing the winter, and hunted and trapped on both sides. So far as known, Mr. Paine was the first trader in Cleveland, though it is quite probable that some Frenchman may have erected a rude cabin there long before, where beads, powder and whisky were ex- changed with the Indian for bear-skins and beaver- fur. These three remained throughout the winter, alone save when some copper-colored warrior brought his store of furs to Mr. Paine, or when his tawny squaws, with their bright-eyed pappooses on their backs, came to gaze with longing eyes on the sparkling beads and brilliant calicoes of the young trader. 226 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. Meanwhile, after the surveyors returned home, Mr. Seth Pease made another map of tlie city, substan- tially the same as the one before described. The terms of sale proposed by Mr. Porter were in substance confirmed by the comimny. The directors and stock- holders also donated to Mrs. Stiles one city lot, one ten-acre lot and one one hundred-acre lot in the city and township of Cleveland, doubtless because she Was the first woman who became a resident there. At the same time they gave a one-hundred-acre lot in the same township to Mrs. Anna, wife of Elijah Cun. Mr. and Mrs. Gun had had charge of the company's stores at Conneaut during the preceding summer, but intended to move to Cleveland. Another gift of a hundred-acre lot was made to James Kingsbury and wife, the first emigrants to the Western Reserve en' tirely unconnected with the company, who had first located at Conneaut, but also proposed to make Cleve- land their home. Finally the directors and stock- holders gave a city lot to Nathaniel Doan, who had. acted as blacksmith for the company, shoeing the pack-horses of the surveyors the preceding summer, on condition that he should reside and keeiJ up a blacksmith shop upon it. In the spring of 1797, Mr. Paine left Cleveland, and soon after made a permanent location at Paines- ville. In the month of May, Mr. and Mrs. Gun came from Conneaut, being the second family resident in Cleveland. It was not until the first day of Juno, that the advance guard of the surveying party for 1797 reached Cleveland. They were in charge of Mr. Pi3ase, who had been employed as the principal sur- veyor for that year. On the third of June the re- mainder of the party arrived, with Rev. Seth Hart, the superintendent. One of the men, David Eldridge, was drowned in crossing Grand river, and the body brought to Cleveland. On the morning of the fourth the north parts of lots ninety-seven and ninety-eight was selected as a burial ground, a rude coffin was made and the first funeral in Cleveland was attended by the comrades of the deceased, while Mr. Hart read the appropriate service according to the rites of the Episcopal church. The location of this original ceme- tery was on the east side of Ontario street, its north line being Just north of Prospect street. The lately lonesome wilderness now presented a busy scene. Knowing by experience the tediousness of living on meat and bread throughout the season, nearly all the men set to work and cleared a piece of land for a garden, on the top of the bank, near the west end of Superior street, fenced it, and planted it with various kinds of vegetables. Then there was a rapid outfitting of parties, under the several survey- ors, who went forth to run the lines of townships in various parts of the Reserve. Superintendent Hart, with Dr. Shepard and a few others, kept headquarters at Cleveland. Soon after the arrival of the surveyors (or according to one account, a little before that event), Mr. Lorenzo Carter, well known to all the early settlers as Major Carter, made his home in Cleveland with his family. He came from Rutland, Vermont, but had stayed during the previous winter in Canada. One of Jiis sons was Alonzo Carter, then seven years old, wlio died but a few years since. Mr. Carter was an ex- pert hunter and an energetic pioneer, with plenty of assurance, and over the Indians he soon gained an influence unequaled by any other white man in the vicinity. He built a log cabin on the flat, a few rods from the river, and near Union, now Spring street. About the same time came Mr. Carter's brother-in- law, Ezekiel Hawley, who also located in Cleveland with his family. His daughter Fanny, then five years old, now Mrs. Theodore Miles, of the eighteenth ward, is the oldest surviving resident of Cleveland. The next family was that of James Kingsbury, who had resided at Conneaut during the winter, but who removed to Cleveland in June. They at first occu- pied the dilapidated log house west of the river, which had formerly been occupied by agents of the North- western Fur Company as a store-house. Mr. Kings- bury, however, soon erected a cabin where the Case block now stands, into which he moved his family. It did not take long to build a house in those days. A number of logs, sixteen or eighteen feet long, were cut in the forest. These were drawn together by a yoke of oxen, large notches were made near the ends, so that they would match together. The neighbors (in this case probably the surveyors) were invited to the raising; the logs were speedily placed on eacli other; a roof of split " shakes " was placed on the top; a chimney of crossed sticks and mud was speedily built; a hole was cut for a door (the place of which was perhaps supplied by a blanket), and the mansion was considered complete. Some of the more aristo- cratic citizens might have a window with four fights of glass, and a "puncheon" or split-log floor; but these were luxuries of pioneer life. The first wedding in Cleveland, which was also the first in Cuyahoga county, has already been mentioned in the general history, but so pleasantly momentous an event will bear brief repetition. The parties were Miss Chloe Inches, Mrs. Carter's hired girl, and Mr. "William Clements, who had followed his love from Canada, and who bore her back to His Majesty's do- minions after the ceremony, which took place in the month of July. Meanwhile the surveys were steadily progressing, notwithstanding sickness among the surveyors, which was much greater than the year before. On the 20th of August Surveyor Warren began to survey three highways into the country, and also to mark the lines of the ten acre lots before mentioned. First he began at the east end of Huron street on the east boundary of the city plat, and ran thence "north eighty-two degrees east" (very near due east) to the west side of the hundred acre lots, setting a post. every ten chains or forty rods. This showed the north bounds of a road, and the posts also designated the corners of the ten acre lots which were intended to be forty rods THE FIRST POUR YEARS. 227 square. Measuring off a road six rods wide, Mr. War- ren ran back along its south side^ setting posts oppo- site the others. This, it will be understood, was to be a road, not a street, being entirely outside the "city" limits. At the time of survey it was designated as "Central high- way." But as it soon became the main means of com- munication with the settlements in Euclid it receiyed the name of Euclid road; then it was extended to the Public Square, as will be mentioned at the proper time, and became Euclid street, and at length, bor- dered with palatial residences, it has assumed the more sonorous title of Euclid avenue. The next day Mr. Warren began at the south end of Brie street, on the south boundary of the city, and ran south, seventy-four degrees east, one hundred and thirty-one chains (a little over a mile and a half) to the west boundary of the hundred-acre lots; running back on a line due east, and marking the lot-corners on both sides as before. This road was then called the South highway. Later it was continued, bearing to the right, to the town of Kinsman, on the eastern border of the Reserve, and was then known as Kins- man street; still later that portion of the original "South highway," this side of Willson avenue, has been extended in a straight line nearly to the city limits, and has received the appellation of Woodland avenue. Finally Mr. Warren went to the end of Federal (now a part of St. Clair) street, and rah thence north fifty-eight degrees east to the hundred acre lots, making the road six rods wide, and marking the cor- ners as before. This was to be the E"orth highway, but has long been known as St. Clair street. Lines were then run midway between those roads to mark the back end of the lots. Though called ten-acre lots, there was really no uniformity. The frontage of the lots were all the same, twenty rods, but their depth increased as the roads diverged, so that those adjoining the city were less than ten acres, and the farthest ones were more. It was understood that this would make the value of these out-lots about equal. We have spoken in the general history of the county, of the prevalence of fever and ague and bilious fever among the surveyors throughout the Re- serve in 1797. These diseases were equally common among the citizens. Nearly every person in the little settlement was stricken down. Mr. Kingsbury de- termined to find a more healthy location for his family. Following the South highway to the end, and thence continuing about two miles farther in nearly the same direction, he reached the ridge before men- tioned as running along the present border of the city. Finding there good soil and an apparently healthy location, he purchased a large tract of land, erected the inevitable log house— fitted up, however, with more than usual comfort— and by the middle of December was established in his new home. He was the first settler on the ridge. His first grist-mill was a white oak stump— as was common with the pioneers throughout the Reserve — hollowed out by fire on top so as to hold a goodly allowance of corn, which was then pounded with a heavy oaken mortar, suspended by a spring-pole or sweep above this simple "mill." The stump was preserved by Mr. Kingsbury and his children until about twenty years ago, when, already rotted to a mere shell, it completely succumbed to the power of decay. In the autumn of 1797 the surveyors completed their work so that the land could be divided among the stockholders of the company, and returned home. In January, 1798, the partition was accordingly made. Six survey-townships, of which Cleveland, then in- cluding Newburg, was one, were reserved for direct sale by the company. Meanwhile Cleveland, with the rest of the Reserve east of the Cuyahoga, had in 1797 become nominally a part of Jefferson county, but no civil authorities were appointed for this almost unknown corner. The tract west of the river remained a portion of Wayne county, with the Indians still in actual possession. In the spring of 1798 Nathaniel Doan, the black- smith, moved to Cleveland with his family and built a blacksmith shop on the south side of Superior street, a little west of the present end of Bank street, doubt- less on the lot given him by the company. He at first occupied as a residence the cabin built by Job P. Stiles, who about this time moved out on the ridge near Kingsbury's. Elijah Gun also moved to the ridge south of Kingsbury's, and Rudolphus Edwards, of Chenango county. New York, settled farther north near the present intersection of Woodland avenue and Woodland Hills avenue. In the city proper, Doan's, Carter's and Hawley's were the only families, but Jo- seph Landon, who had returned from the East, and Stephen Gilbert were there, and cleared some ground which they sowed to wheat. Mr. Carter also planted two acres of corn on Water street, near the lake. Nearly every man, woman and child in the settle- ment was sickkWith the fever and ague. There were not enough well persons to take care of the sick, much less to provide food and the other necessaries of life. In the intervals of the chills Carter and his hounds often secured a deer, which was liberally divided among his less expert neighbors. Nathaniel Doan's family of nine members were all sick at once. The only one who was able to do anything was his nephew Seth, an active boy of thirteen. Although he had the shakes every day himself, the boy not only managed to collect wood and bring water, but fre- quently made a trip to Kingsbury's to obtain corn. That industrious pioneer, as well as his neighbors. Gun and Stiles, had found health in their homes on the ridge, and had raised good crops of corn on the newly-cleared land. Kingsbury, energetic and invent- ive, determined to have something better than a stump mortar to grind his food. He accordingly obtained two large stones from the banks of Kingsbury run, shaped them into the semblance of mill-stones, placed 338 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. one on the ground and the other above it, fastened a handle to the upper one, and by working the latter back and forth produced flour and meal, not indeed of the finest, yet superior to any but the imported article. There was not only no physician but no quinine, the great specific for ague, and the settlers got along as best they could with decoctions of dogwood bark. As the cold weather approached the chills disappeared, but the settlers had had a fearful lesson, which new- comers were quick to learn from them, and which long retarded the progress of Cleveland. Near the middle of November four of the men, still weak from the effects of the ague, started in a boat for Walnut Crook, Pennsylvania, to obtain flour. Between Euclid creek and Chagrin river their boat was wrecked, and they returned by land empty- handed. So throughout the winter all the people, both in the city and on the ridge, depended on Kings- bury's hand-mill for their breadstuff, which was coarse enough to have suited the palate of the re- nowned Graham himself. In the spring of 1799 Mr. Doan, entirely satisfied with his city experience, abandoned the lot given him by the company, and moved four miles east to a point where the ridge road from Kingsbury's struck the " Central highway," where he established his home and his shop. The locality was long known as "Doan's Corners," and afterwards as East Cleveland, but for twelve years has been a portion of the city. Mr. Havvley also left the apparently doomed place at the mouth of the Cuyahoga, and located in the Kingsbury neighborhood. Carter's and Spafford's were the only families left. They had begun to feel ac- climated, and determined to stay at all hazards. They kept a kind of a tavern, and Mr. Carter also traded some with the Indians, as indeed almost every one did who could obtaiu some salt and whisky as capital, these being considered the two great necessities of life. Money was scarce beyond the imagination of the present day; furs were almost legal tender, and were frequently used to pay debts and "make change," even by the whites. Superior lane was at this time a high, sharp rido-e impassable in ascent or descent. The travel up and down the hill was obliquely along Union street now Spring street. The first named roadway, however, began to be worked about this time. In this year two newcomers, Wheeler W. Williams and Major Wyatt built the first grist mill on the Ee- serve at the falls of Mill creek, at what was long known as Newburg, but is now the eighteenth ward of the city. The irons were furnished by the land company. The task was a very serious one and was not completed till fall, when David Bryant and his son G-ilman, who had been quarrying grindstones near Vermillion river, went to the Newburg settle- ment and made a pair of mill-stones. They were ob- tained and made about half a mile north of the mill, which was near the main fall. The water was con- veyed down the hill to the wheel at an angle of forty- five degrees. When the mill was all completed and ready for grinding, invitations were sent out to all the people round about for a grand celebration. The number was not large; no one lived wes't of the Cuyahoga, nor up the valley of that river, above the mill. With- in the limits of the present city there were as near as can be ascertained ten families — Carter's^ Spafford's, Doan's, Edwards', Kingsbury's, Gun's, Stiles', Haw- ley's, Hamilton's and Williams' — (all but the two first on the outer borders) and a few single men. There was, however, a small settlement in Euclid, whose members doubtless helped to swell the number, and it is quite probable that there was a delegation from the more populous region east of the Chagrin; for a dis- tance of fifteen or twenty miles was little regarded by the sturdy pioneer, and this was the first gristmill on the Western Reserve. The Indians were frequently to be seen in all parts of the city and the surrounding country, but they seem to have been very friendly and never to have had any serious difficulty with the whites. There was an old camp, where they often met, near Mr. Kingsbury's residence, and about where he afterwards built his frame-house, now occupied by his son, James Kings- bury. One day a young squaw came running into the house, declaring that one of the Indians had badly hurt his squaw; " — most kill her." Mr. K. hurried out and found the camp in great commotion, the in- jured woman leaning against a tree apparently faint- ing, and the Indian standing sullen and defiant in front of her. The white man began to scold him for hurting the woman. He defended himself zealously in the Indian tongue, with occasional words of broken English, asserting that she was "heap bad squaw," and gesticulating with great energy to make up for his lack of language. In the course of his motioning he brought his hand quite close to the squaw's face. She suddenly came out of her faint and seized one of his fingers between her teeth. He yelled with pain but she clung with all her might, and the white peace-maker was obliged to choke her pretty smartly to make her let go. Game was abundant everywhere. There were two deer-licks (places where slightly salt water oozed from the ground) about a quarter of a mile from Wilham Kingsbury's house. Here the deer frequently came to enjoy the luxury, and patient watching would almost always reward the hunter with a fat buck or a timid doe. In time, however, the frequently falling of the death-bolt at that particular place warned away the survivors from the dangerous locality. Bears were less frequent, but were sometimes seen. Wolves, too, occasionally made their appearance. Mr. Kingsbury brought a sow and a number of pigs from Pennsylvania, which he carefully penned up at night, but allowed to run loose among the plentiful acorns and nuts during the day. One day, while he was THE VILLAOE FROM 1800 TO T815. 229 absent, the family heard a noise near the house, and looking out saw the old sow in a state of great excite- ment, alternately pushing her young toward the house, and turning to grunt at two gaunt gray wolves, which were slowly following her, apparently hesi- tating about attacking an antagonist of a species they had never before seen. An outcry from the family quickly drove them away, but as there was no one to handle the old " queen's arm " which Mr. Kings- bury's brother had borne at the battle of Bennington, they escaped unharmed. Among the illustrations of early frontier life, we will advert to one more occurring in the neighbor- hood on the ridge. On Christmas day, 1799, Mr. Kingsbury's oldest daughter Abigail, seven years old, with her two younger brothers Amos and Almon, to- gether with Fanny Hawley (now Mrs. Miles), nearly eight, and her younger brother, all went to visit the children of Job Stiles, who lived about a quarter of a mile farther south. There was a woods-road, con- siderably traveled, along the ridge, and no one sup- posed there was any danger. Unfortunately they stayed late, and it was begin- ning to be dusk when they started home. They soon lost their way, and began wandering back and forth in the strange way in which many older persons do when once they lose their latitude in the woods. Many times they must have come near the residences of one or the other family, but somehow never saw the light of either. The smallest children soon be- came very weary. Fanny carried her brother and Abigail picked up her youngest brother Almon. The venerable Mrs. Miles related to us how she and Abi- gail — themselves the merest cliildren — staggered to and fro under their burdens in the darkness and the growing cold, while Amos Kingsbury, only five years old, appeared to be perfectly frantic at the terrible prospect. At length the two girls gave up in despair. They laid the two youngest boys down to- gether, spread Abigail's broadcloth cloak over them, beneath which they soon went to sleep— and then waited, not knowing whether they were to be devoured by wolves or froaen by the cold. Meanwhile their families had discovered that the children were lost, and all the three or four men of the neighborhood were out in search of them. Luckily too, Fanny's uncle, Lorenzo Carter, had been out on a hunt, and stopped at her father's with his rifle and hound. He, of course, joined in the search. In the road the children's tracks were not distinguish- able, and even in the woods they had crossed each other so often that the hound could hardly follow them. After ranging to and fro a long time, however, he at length struck a distinct trail, which he and his master quickly followed. Ere long the dog reached the hollow where the children were. Little Amos saw him, and screamed to his sister Abigail: "Nab- by, Nabby, here's a wolf ! " The girls, however, saw that it was a dog, and a moment after Carter came in sight, crying out to them not to be scared. He fired his rifle, the universal signal of success in such cases, and the searchers quickly assembled. The overjoyed fathers and friends caught up the babes in the woods, and soon bore them to their frightened mothers, when they were put to bed with a better chance of a sound sleep than that offered by a Christmas night in the forest, with the wolves as possible performers in the play. Noth withstanding the season, however, it does not seem to have been very cold, and in fact all the old accounts speak of the remarkable mildness of the winters during the last two or three years of the eighteenth century. CHAPTER XLV. THE VIIiLA.GE FKOM 1800 TO 1815. Population in 1800— Civil Organizations— City Lots too High— Good Crops— The First Distillery— An Indian Play-ground— A White Dog Feasts-Samuel Huntington— Spafford's Map— Changes of Streets— The First School— A Lawyer Among Wolves— First Hotel Keepers— Hunt- ington's Advanccement— First Framed House— Its Destruction— One Family a Vear— Price of Freight— First Militia Company— Purchase of the West Side from the Indians— The First Post OfBce— Newburg Fam- ilies—Samuel Dodge-The Two Omios-Young Omic's Violence— Carter threatens to Hang Him— The Story of ";Ben"— A Curious Ending- John Walworth— The First Collector -A Framed House on the Ridge —A New Religion— Hard Customers in Cleveland— Slaughtering Hogs on Sunday— A Would-be Runaway— Forcing a Man back to take his Pay— Another Major— A Cleveland Governor and Senator— Fanny Hawley's Adventure with an Indian— His Freaks at Hawley's House— The Last Division ot Reserve Lands— Cleveland made the County-Seat — Elias Cozad— Samuel and Matthew Williamson— Levi Johnson— The Residents of 1810— The Two Stores-The First Court of Record- An- other Warehouse— George Wallace-The First Execution-The War of 1812— Residents at the Beginning ot the War- Location of Houses— The Farming Lands-A Few Incidents of the War-Taking Potatoes to Perry— The First Brick l:uildin^— A Schooner built in the Woods— The Village incorporated— Close of the War. In 1800 the population of the tract laid out as a city still consisted only of the families of Carter, Spafford and Clark, Stephen Gilbert and perhaps Joseph Landon; making a total of about twenty per- sons. In the whole territory now included in the city, however, there must have been between sixty and seventy persons. In July Cleveland became a part of the county of Trumbull, which embraced the whole Western Re- serve. James Kingsbury was appointed one of the first justices of the peace " of the quorum," thereby becoming a member of the court of quarter sessions of the new county; and Amos Spafford was appointed one of the first justices not " of the quorom." At the first court of quarter sessions, held at War- ren on the fourth Monday of August, 1800, the civil township of Cleveland was organized, together with seven others, in the new county. It embraced not only the survey township of that name but all of the present Cuyahoga county east of the river, three townships of Geauga county, and nominally the whole Reserve west of the Cuyahoga, though this tract was still in possession of the Indians. Lorenzo Carter and Stephen Gilbert were at the same time 230 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. appointed bhe first constables, to preserve the peace in this immense territory. Mr. Turhand Kirtland, the agent of the land com- pany, who visited Cleveland this year, stated that Carter, Spafford and Clark were very much dissatis- fied with the price of city lots, (twenty-five dollars per acre), and determined not to remain. It seems they had not up to this time purchased any land, ex- cept perhaps a lot apiece. They had been encouraged by members of the company to expect lots at ten or twelve dollars per acre, and they all declared they would leave the place rather than pay the price de- manded. Mr. Kirtland persuaded them to wait until he could consult the directors, and earnestly urged that the price should be lowered. As those persons all remained, and as emigration continued very light for a long time, it is presumed that their wishes were acceded to. Mr. Kirtland also mentioned the extreme scarcity of money, and said inhabitants were very desirous that the company should receive cattle, provisions, etc., 'in payment for their land. This course, how- ever, was not followed, so far as the tracts owned by the company at large was concerned, though it may have been by individual owners of the divided lands. Mr. Kirtland also reported the crops as good and the settlers healthy. The latter expression doubtless ap- plied principally to those in the country, for the vicinity of the mouth of the Cuyahoga was long cele- brated as the favorite residence of King Ague. Prob- ably, however, the few families who were there in 1800 had had nearly all the shakes shaken out of them, or in other words had become partially acclimated to the surrounding miasma. In the fall of 1800, David Bryant and his son Gil- man, brought a still from Virginia, built a distillery twenty feet by twenty-six, out of hewed logs, on the river flat, ne.ar the foot of Superior lane, brought water from a side-hill spring in a trough into the upper story, and began the manufacture of whisky. This was, at that time, as respectable a business as any in the country, and the opening of a distillery was hailed with joy by the inhabitants of the vicinity, not only because it promised a cheap supply of their favorite beverage, but because their wheat, when turned into whisky, could be sent to market without costing all it would bring for transportation. The Indians now crossed of tener than ever from their own land on the west side, to the place where whisky was not only sold but made. They had a kind of ferry, opposite the foot of St. Clair street, where they always kept canoes in which to pass over the river. Their well-worn trail from the eastward'there crossed the Cuyahoga, ran across the marshy ground, past the old log storehouse, which, as before stated, stood near the corner of Main and Center streets, and thence to a small opening in the woods, near the present crossing of Detroit and Pearl streets. There the Indians were ascustomed to assemble, play their games, hold councils, etc. There, were often heard the sounds of glee from squaws, children and the old men as the young war- riors engaged in athletic games, or tossed the ball to and fro with a skill hardly surpassed by the pitchers, catchers and left fielders of the present day. There, too, the woods re-echoed with the sonorous speeches of their orators, as they recounted the great deeds of their fathers, ere the white man had come to grasp their fair domain, and occasional shouts of applause from the excited auditors reached the ears of the few settlers across the i-iver. It is admitted, however, by all the early emigrants that the Indians were uni- formly peaceable, and even friendly, in their inter- course with the whites. As was stated in the general history, they were ac- customed to come to the mouth of the Cuyahoga in the fall, haul their canoes ashore, scatter out up the river in small parties, hunt and trap during the winter, return in the spring, and go thence to their cornfields on the Sandusky and Maumee. There were usually a few, however, around the mouth of the river at all seasons of the year. At these fall and spring reunions, especially the latter, feasting and drunkenness were the order of the day. Gilman Bryant described one of the feasts to which he was hospitably invited. The piece de resistance was a white dog. (We don't generally varnish our writing with scraps of French, but in this case the Gallic expression is too appropriate to be omitted.) All Indians, so far as we know, consider that there is something peculiarly sacred about a white dog. Among the Six Nations one or more are every year strangled and burned entire as a sacrifice. In the present instance, however, GMppewas and Ottawas managed to unite religion and high living. Having killed the dog, they singed part of the hair off, chopped him up and made a large kettle of soup. They placed a large wooden bowlful of it on a scaffold as a sacrifice to their "Manitou," or Great Spirit; the rest they appropriated to worldly uses. When making the sacrifice they prayed to Manitou for a safe voyage on the lake, good crops of corn when they arrived at home, and other similar blessings. As they began eating themselves they offered young Bryant a dish of soup with a fore paw in it, with some of the hair still between the toes. He declined the proffered morsel, whereupon they disposed of it themselves, saying that a good soldier could easily eat that. During the winter of 1800 and 1801, young Bryant and his father cleared five acres on the bank of the river just above the town-plat. In the spring of 1801, Timothy Doan, a brother of Nathaniel, came to Cleve- land, but removed to Euclid in the autumn. A somewhat distinguished arrival of this season was Samuel Huntington, a lawyer about thirty-five years old, nephew of the governor of Connecticut of that name, who, after traveling though a large part of Ohio, had determined to make his future residence at Cleveland. He built a large, hewed log-house, the THE VILLAGE EEOM 1800 TO 1815. 231 most aristocratic residence in the place, on the south side of Superior street near the top of the bluff, and to this in the fall he moved his family. He also, during the same season, caused the erection of the first frame building in the city — a barn built by Mr. Samuel Dodge. Elisha Norton, a trader, made his home in Cleveland with his family this year. In this year Mr. SpafEord made another map of the city, about the same as the one formerly made by Pease, with two or three exceptions. Ohio street is shown as occupying the old line of Miami street from Huron street southward, and then turning at a right angle into the present Ohio. This was probably an inadvertence on the part of Mr. SpafEord. The short street, at first called Federal street, east of Brie, was shown on this map, but no name was given it, and, in fact, the name of Federal has never been known since. Probably the rapidly rising fortunes of the Democratic party in Ohio made the name of "Federal" given by the magnates of Connecticut too unpopular for continuance. Supeiior lane was also shown on the new map and Maiden lane omitted; the latter evidently by direction, as it has never been replaced. In 1802, tho first school was kept on the city plat in Carter's house by Anna SpafEord. There could hardly have been over a dozen scholars. If the younger ones strayed far on their school ward or home- ward route they were in danger of meeting the fate of Blisha's scorners. Alonzo Carter, eldest son of Lorenzo, notes in his published reminiscences that a man killed a bear that year with a hoe, on Water street, near the light-house. The same season, as the future Governor Hunting- ton was floundering one evening on horseback along the swampy road from Painesville, a pack of wolves came out of the forest near the present corner of Euclid and Willson avenues, and attempted to seize him. He had no weapon but an umbrella. His frightened horse did its best to escape, but the mud was so deep that the wolves had decidedly the advan- tage. Huntington beat them back as well as he could with his umbrella, the horse made renewed efforts, a little firmer ground was reached, a rousing gallop left the assailants behind, and steed and rider, cov- ered with mud, quickly dashed in among the cabins of the city. Carter and Spafford had both been entertaining strangers ever since their arrival, but at the court of quarter sessions, held in August, 1802, they both ap- plied for and received regular licenses as hotel keep- ers. It did not require much to " keep a hotel " in those days. Almost everybody had plenty of bread and meat, and if a man had an extra bed or two and could procure a barrel of whisky, he was apt to put up a sign and announce himself as a tavern-keeper. In the ensuing winter Ohio was admitted as a State into the Union, and Mr. Huntington was elected one of the new House of Representatives. On his arri- val at Chillicothe, the capital, he was elected the speaker of the House, and scarcely had he taken this position when, in 1803, he was appointed one of the judges of the Supreme Court of the State. He still retained his residence at Cleveland, making long jour- neys on horseback through the forest from his log house on the Cuyahoga to take his seat on. the Su- preme Bench. That year the first frame house was erected in the city, nearly seven years after the first settlement, the builder being the indefatigable Carter. It was situ- ated near the foot of Superior street. Unfortunately, just as the house was finished and the family could move in, the shavings caught fire and the building was totally consumed. Mr. C. built again the same year, but was obliged to confine himself to a hewed log house, and it was seven or eight years more — near fifteen years from the survey aud settlement — before Cleveland could boast of a single frame resi- dence. About one family a year seems to have been the in- crease of Cleveland for several years at this period. In 1804, Oliver Culver, one of the party who surveyed the Western Reserve, brought out some goods (salt, calico, liquor and tobacco,) to trade with the Indians but after one season's experience returned east and did not repeat the experiment. The freight from Black Rock — now a part of Buffalo, was three dollars per barrel. Another event of the year was the organization of the first militia company in the vicinity. The district appears to have embraced the whole civil township of Cleveland, containing several hundred square miles, but the ofiicers. Captain Lorenzo Carter, Lieutenant Nathaniel Doan, and Ensign Samuel Jones all resided within the present limits of the city. The same sea- son Captain Carter was chosen major of the "second battalion, first regiment, second brigade and fourth division of the Ohio;" Doan and Jones being respect- ively promoted to captain and lieutenant. The event of 1805 was the purchase from the In- dians of that part of the Western Reserve west of the Cuyahoga. The facts regarding the treaty and the survey are given in Part One. The result was to open to settlement all that part of the present city lying west of the river. No haste was manifested, however, to take advantage of the opportunity, and for a long time the western bluffs were as densely covered as ever with the frowning forest. The same year a post oflice was established at Cleveland, and on the .22d day of October, Elisha Norton was appointed the first postmaster. Judge Huntington, who had bought an interest in the mills on Mill creek, removed thither this year. Owing to the existence of the mills and the healthiness of the surroundings this was a much more fiourishing place than Cleveland. It had apparently not yet received the name of Newburg, as it was spoken of in letters as "the mills near Cleveland." Besides Judge Hunt- ington's, there were the families of W. W. Williams, James Hamilton, Mr. Plumb and one or two others. It was a good deal like "getting up one step and 932 THE CITY OV CLEVELAND. falling back two," for the struggling, sickly little vil- lage. Samuel Dodge, who had married a daughter of Timothy Doan, established himself on the Euclid road, built a log house between the sites of the resi- dences of Messrs. Henry and G. C. Dodge, and dug the first well in Cleveland. It was walled up with stone, brought by the Indians into the neighborhood for backs to the fire places of their wigwams. Notwithstanding the sale of the lands on the west side, many Indians continued to reside more or less of the time on their old gi-ound. Among others was an old man named Oraic, and his son Omic, some- times called John Omic by the whites, to distinguish him from his father. John Omic was afterwards tragically celebrated in the history of the county, as being the subject of the first execution within its borders. He seems to have been from boyhood a youth of evil-disposition and reckless temper. About the period in question, 1805, when he was a strapping fellow of fifteen or sixteen, he one day entered Major Carter's garden (as related by the major's niece, Mrs. Miles,) and began gathering some vegetables. Mrs. Carter came out and ordered him away, whereupon he drew his knife and chased her three times around the house, and did not desist till a young man in the vicinity came up and drove him away. Perhaps his only intention was to scare her, but it was certainly not a very pleasant experience. When Major Carter came home and heard his wife's story, he was naturally greatly enraged. Putting a rope in his pocket, he started for the cabin of old Omic on the other side of the river. Arriving there, he told the old man what his son had done, and de- clared that he was going to hunt up the young rascal and hang him — at the same time producing the rope to give emphasis to his words. Carter was renowned as a fighting man among the whites, and had acquired a great influence over the Indians, whose language he spoke fluently. They believed he could and would accomplish almost anything he took a fancy to do, and old Omic was terribly frightened. He begged and implored Carter not to hang his boy, but for a time the major was inexorable. At length yielded he so far as to promise that if the scamp would stay on the west side of the river, and never under any circum- stances cross the stream, his life should be spared. The old man promised zealously that the condition should be faithfully observed. "Now remember," said Carter, as he flourished his rope, "if I ever catch him on that side again, I'll hang him up to the first tree in five minutes. "He no come, he no come," earnestly replied the father. And sure enough, the danger of getting within the grasp of the irate major was so strongly placed before tlie reprobate by his father, and perhaps by others of the older Indians, that young Omic kept his own side of the stream, and according to Mrs. Miles' recollection he did not again cross it until, several years later, he was on the way to his trial and execution. We have mentioned in the general history of the county the loss of the boat which started from Cleve- land in the spring of 1806, containing a Mr. Hunter, his family, and two colored persons, and was wrecked a little east of Eocky river; a colored man called Ben being the only person saved. The incident had a curious sequence, related by A. W. Walworth in his sketch of Major Carter, published in Col. Whittesley's work. When Ben was brought back to Cleveland, half starved and nearly frozen to death, he was taken to Carter's tavern, which was the general rendezvous, especially for the used-up part of the community, who had no other home. Rheumatism drew Ben's limbs out of shape, some of his toes were so badly frozen that they came off, and he was unable to do any work, but the free-hearted major kept him throughout the summer. In October two Kentucki- ans came to Cleveland, one of whom declared that he was the owner of Ben, who was an escaped slave. The major told them what a hard time Ben had had, and how he, the major, had kept him, gratis, on ac- count of his misfortunes. "I don't like niggers," said the worthy major, "but I don't believe in slavery, and Ben shan't be taken away unless he chooses to go. " The owner declared that he had always used Ben well, that he had overpersuaded to run away by others, and that he would probably be willing to go back to his old home. He wanted to have a talk with Ben, but the major would not consent to this, unless the negro desired it. Finally, after consulting Ben, it was agreed among all the parties that a parley should take place in the following manner: The owner was to take his station on the east bank of the Cuyahoga, near the end of Huron street, while Ben was to take his post on the opposite side, and the conversation was to be carried on across the stream. Certainly the major guarded pretty effectually against treachery. This program was faithfully carried out. After salutations back and forth, the master said: " Ben, haven't I always used you like one of the family? " " Yes, massa;" replied Ben. The conversation was carried on for some time, many inquiries being made by Ben. regarding old acquaintances, and by the Keu- tuckian regarding the adventures of his servant. Great good feeling seemed to be manifested on both sides, though no definite arrangement was made. This, however, was consummated by future negotia- tions, and the next morning, but one, young Walworth saw the Kentuckians starting southward on the river road, Ben riding his master's horse, while the latter walked on foot by his side. But the most curious part of the affair was still to come. Eight or nine miles from the village a couple of white men, who had been hanging around Carter's tavern all summer, getting their living principally off from the good-natured major, suddenly appeared by THE VILLAGE PROM 1800 TO 1815. 233 the roadside with rifles in their hands. One of them cried out: "Ben., you d — d fool, jump off from that horse and take to the woods." This was long before the days of revolvers, and the owner's big horse-pistols were in the holsters on the horse that Ben. was riding. Besides, both the Ken- tuckians were too mucli surprised to make resistance on the instant. Ben. jumped ofE the horse and ran off into the woods; the two riflemen immediately fol- lowed, and the Kentuckians were left lo digest their disappointment as best they might. They probably thought that the game was not worth any more hunt- ing and did not return to Cleveland, nor make any further attempts to recover their troublesome prop- erty. The next winter Major SpafEord's son and another young Clevelander were hunting on the west side of the river, when they came across a rude hut in the forest, near the line of the present townships of Inde- pendence and Brecksville, where Ben. had domiciled himself. It was supposed that he went from there to Canada. It was never known whether the "rescue" was the result of any settled plan or merely arose from a sudden freak on the part of the two men be- fore mentioned. There seems to have been no reason why a rescue should have been planned, as it would have been impossible, in this forest-covered country, to take the negro in the first place without his own consent. Mr. A. W. Walworth, from whom the above anec- dote is derived, was then a youth of about sixteen, and was the son of Mr. John Walworth, who had moved to Cleveland in April, 1806. The latter was a near relative of Hon. R. Hyde Walworth, the cele- brated chancellor of New York. He was appointed collector of the district of Erie on the 17th day of January, 1806. In June 'previous he had been ap- pointed inspector of the port of Cuyahoga, but had continued to reside at Painesville, making occasional visits to the scene of his few official duties. Previ- ous to this there had been practically nothing to pre- vent the smuggling from Canada of whatever any one desired. The loss to the United States government was not probably very large, however, as three years later the amount of imports from Canada, for a year, was only fifty dollars. Mr. Walworth was also ap- pointed associate judge of Geauga county just before his coming to Cleveland and postmaster of that place in May after his arrival, the latter appointment being in place of Elisha Norton, who removed from the vil- lage. After a short residence on Superior street he removed to a farm he had purchased, about two miles up the Pittsburg road, now Broadway, embracing what was commonly known as Walworth point. We have had frequent occasion to speak of the marshy ground in various parts of Cleveland. A youthful visitor of 1806 speaks of the boys and girls picking whortleberries in the marsh " west of Dolph Edwards':" that is in the vicinity of the present work- house. At this time the ridge-road from the mills to Doan's Corners was lined with fields almost all the way from the mills to Kingsbury's, and much of the distance from there to the corners. The fields, how- ever, contained many dry, girdled trees, presenting an unsightly appearance to any one fresh from the highly cnltivated farms of New England. Several orchards were rapidly approaching maturity, and Mr. Kingsbury's bore a few apples that year. Mr. Kingsbury's farm being in a prosperous condi- tion, he determined to have a framed house. He put up the frame that year, 1806, depending on obtaining his lumber from Williams and Huntington's sawmill. But the dam went off in the spring and the frame re- mained uncovered for over a year. Unwilling to be so dependent on others and having a pretty good mill- privilege on Kingsbury run, the energetic judge went to work and erected a sawmill. The next year, 1807, he covered his house; making the brick for the im- mense stack of chimneys from clay close by. His son still possesses the last brick made, marked with the date, "June 2-3, 1807." The house was a large two-story frame, and is still standing in good repair, occupied by a son, James Kingsbury, then unborn, but now an aged man. It is probably the oldest building standing within the limits of the city. Part of the upper story was fin- ished off in a large room, in which dances were held, and also masonic communications, the judge being a zealous member of the mystic order. One of the visitors to Cleveland mentions attend- ing a meeting at Doan's Corners, where a preacher named Daniel Parker attempted to introduce a new religious sect called the Halcyonites, but apparently with little success, as we hear no more of that sweetly named denomination. The preachers who sometimes visited Cleveland bore pretty general testimony to the wickedness of the inhabitants, but it appears to have related more to matters of opinion and of language than to more violent offenses. Crime of every kind seems to have been very rare, and the settlers were nearly all industrious, honest and enterprising. Prob- ably they drank a good deal of whisky, but that was a common fault in those days and is not yet entirely overcome. But the reverend gentlemen accused them of gross infidelity, of terrific profanity, and what was worse of making a practice of slaughtering their hogs on Sun- day. This was certainly a most objectionable proceed- ing, in taste as well as in morals. Newburg, or "the Mills," was considered a little better, but not much. An incident of 1807 shows the off-hand way in which things were done in those days. One morning a man who had worked for the Major two or three months suddenly disappeared. He had taken nothing and the major owed him a few dollars; so that his running away was quite inexplicable. Spafford went to his brother major. Carter, and told him about the affair. Carter at once said that no one should run away from Cleveland, shouldered his rifle and started 30 334 THE CITY 0-F CLEVELAND. in pursuit. Taking the fellow's trail, he o?ertook him near the present Willson avenue, and ordered his return. " No," he replied; " I have stolen nothing and don't owe anything; I shall not go back." "Go or be killed," was the reply of Carter, "and be thrown into this cat tail swamp for the wolves to feed on." The man sullenly assented, and Carter took him back to SpafEord. " Why did you run away," queried the latter; " I owe you some money." " Well," replied the man, "I have always been a rover, and when I have worked as long as I want to in one place, I generally run away." "It's a bad practice," said SpafEord, "and you can't do it here." "I see I can't," admitted the man. " Well, now, sit down and eat your breakfast, and I will see how much I owe you, and after I pay you, you can go, and welcome. " "Well, now," said the other; "I have given up going, and I am willing to stay and work a spell longer." "All right," replied the Major; and accordingly the fellow continued to labor for his former employer two or three months longer. We have heard of a great many cases of men being brought back by force to pay their debts, but this is the first instance, with which our historical researches have made us acquainted, of a man's being compelled in that manner to receive money which was due him. In 1807 the fourth draft of the lands of the Western Eeserve was made. Samuel P. Lord and others drew the township of Brooklyn, which then came to the river at its mouth. Another major, Nathan Perry, became a resident of Cleveland in the summer of 1807. His son Hor- ace preceded him a few months, and another son, Nathan, Jr., followed in the autumn. Several incidents occurring at and near Cleveland we have mentioned in the general history of the county. As we have also stated there. Judge Hunt- ington moved to Painesville and was elected governor of the State. While in office (in 1809) he appointed Hon. Stanley Griswold, United States senator to fill out a few months of au unexpired term. Senator Griswold then lived at "Doan's Corners" (now in the east part of the city). A visitor mentions attend- ing a spirited militia election there while the senator was at Washington; at which the late Allen Gaylord, of Newburg, was elected ensign. Senator Griswold remained a resident there but a short time after the expiration of his term in congress. Mrs. Miles relates an incident of this period (about 1809) when she was the youthful Fanny Hawley of some sixteen summers, which gives an idea of the alarms to which the damsels of that day were subject. They were not so terrible as on some frontiers, where the tomahawk and scalping-knife were in frequent use, but were sufficiently startling to seriously try the nerves of our modern belles. She was riding to Cleveland on horseback, on a man's saddle impro- vised into a side-saddle, over the road from the Kings- bury settlement, which ran near the line of the present Kinsman street. When in the midst of the woods, about half way to town, her horse suddenly stopped. An Indian came out of the woods, put his hand upon her, and in harsh, broken English, said: "Give me whisky." "Why, I haven't any whisky," replied Miss Haw- ley; "not a particle." "Ugh! damn you— give me money," then said the son of the forest, in a still more angry tone. At this moment the young lady's horse, which had been fretting at the presence of the red man (for white men's horses were usually much afraid of In- dians), suddenly dashed ofE through the woods at high speed. Miss Fanny was entirely unable to hold him, and clung to the pommel and crupper as best she could. The animal soon came near the house of a Mr. Dille, lately settled in that locality, who ran out and stopped him, and the young lady received no injury. The runaway was not pleasant, but it at least cleared her of the Indian. She went on to town, and on returning found that the same Indian had been at her father's house during; her absence in company with his squaw. He was con- siderably intoxicated, and soon began to make a dis- turbance. Mrs. Hawley gave him a push which toppled him over on to the fire. He got up, very angry, but did not commit any personal violence. His squaw told Mrs. Hawley to carry out of doors everything with which he could hurt any one. Mrs. Hawley and the squaw accordingly slipped out and hid a butcher knife and one or two similar articles. As they were doing so the Indian snatched a loaf of bread from tlic bake oven and started. Mrs. Hawley met him at the door. He put his hand to his breast as if to draw a knife. Mrs. Hawley dodged, and he ran o£E into the woods with his loaf of bread. The whole proceeding may not have been dangerous, but it was not at all amusing. In 1807, (January 5,) the fifth and last division of the lands of the Western Eeserve was made at Hart- ford, including the unsold lots at Cleveland. The same year Brooklyn, including the present west part of Cleveland, was surveyed into lots and offered for sale. That year also, the brothers Levi, Samuel and Jonathan Johnson became residents of the still dimin- utive city. By far the most important event of the year con- nected with Cleveland was the establishment of the county-seat at that place. Cuyahoga county had been set off from Geauga in 1807, but had not been organized, nor had a county-seat been designated. In the spring of 1809 a commission was appointed by the State authorities for that purpose. There was quite a sharp contest between Cleveland and Newburg for the location. The latter place was full as large as the THE VILLAGE FROM 1800 TO 1815. 335 former and even more thriving, on account of its su- perior health. Cleveland, however, which had evi- dently a good commercial location, with large pros- pects of becoming an important port, succeeded in the contest. In 1809 Judge Walworth, then postmaster, em- ployed Levi Johnson to build a small framed office on Superior street. This is said to have been the first framed building erected in the •' city," except barns, and except Carter's house, which was burned. At all events, a framed building was enough of a novelty so that people collected in considerable numbers to watch its progress. Major Carter, however, built a warehouse on Union lane in 1809 and '10, showing tliat there was certainly some business at the mouth of the Cuyahoga. In the spring of 1810 Elias Cozad, a young man of twenty-one, settled at " Doan's Corners," where he still resides. He had come to that locality with his f-ather, Samuel Cozad, in 1808, but had returned east to finish learning his trade, that of a tanner. Imme- diately after coming to the corners for the second time, he built and bagan operating the first tannery in the township of Cleveland. Mr. Cozad was after- wards an officer of the militia in the war of 1813. He has been an active citizen throughout the greater part of his life, and, notwithstanding his great age, is a person of marked intelligence. We had the pleasure of a most interesting conversation with him during the past year on the events of early times. No male resi- dent has spent so long a period of his adult life in what is now the city of Cleveland as Mr. Cozad, though there may be some still surviving who were born here before he came, or who came here as boys before he did. Samuel and Matthew Williamson set up a tannery in Cleveland proper, that is in the then village of Cleveland, soon after Mr. Cozad started his at Doan's Corners, in the latter part of 1810 or forepart of 1811. Alfred Kelley the first practising lawyer, and-David Lang, the first physician, both also made their home in Cleveland in 1810. Mr. Levi Johnson has left a record of the inhabit- ants of Cleveland in 1810, which we copy entire. According to it the population of the youthful city was then as follows; the figures after each family rep- resenting the total number of its members: Abram Hickox and family (5); Dr. David Long; Mrs. Coit; Alfred Kelley; Levi Johnson; Lorenzo Carter and family (7); Elias and Harvey Murray and family (4); Major Perry and wife (3); Benoni Carter; Bold Mc- Conkey and family (3); Jacob Wilkinson and family (5); Samuel Johnson; Charles Gun and two brothers (3); John Walworth and family (7); Samuel Williamson and family (5); Matthew Williamson; Mr. Humiston and family (4); Mr. Simpson and family (5). This made a .total of fifty-seven persona then resident in the village of Cleveland, fourteen years after it was first laid" out; certainly not a very hopeful indication of future greatness. Elias and Harvey Murray, above mentioned, owned a store, as did also Major Perry, these being the only storekeepers in the place. These were something like real stores, having taken the place of the cabins partly filled with Indian goods which were called stores a few years earlier. Not, indeed, that these later ones were at all splendid; they were merely rude depositories of the coarse goods of all kinds generally used by farmers and mechanics in a new country. It was May of this year (1810) that the first Court of record in the county was organized in the store of E. & H. Murray. Mr. Elias Cozad attended it, and mentions the fact that the presiding judge, Hon. Ben- jamin Ruggles, wore a queue — evidently a gentleman of the old school — -for queues had generally gone out of fashion. There were very few suits, the principal business being the trying of indictments for selling liquor to the Indians. The' next year the Messrs. Murray built a log ware- house near the river, which indicates two things: In connection with the erection of Major Carter's ware- house a year or two before it shows that (^uite a little bu.siness was done at this port, and it also shows that the place was still in a very backward state and profits small, or the merchants mentioned would have put up a framed warehouse. George Wallace came this year and began keeping tavern. His and Carter's were the only taverns in the place. Carter died during the war. The next year saw the first execution in Cleveland and the breaking out of the conflict with Great Brit- ain, commonly called the war of 1813. Both these events have been spoken of at considerable length; the former having been under the control of the county authorities, and the latter a matter of national im- portance. The war did not afEect this place very se- riously, though the people were kept in a continuous state of alarm for a large portion of the time, for fear lest an invading force should reach them either by sea or land. All the events of a warlike character which oc- curred here during the war of 1813, were necessarily narrated in the general history of the county, and few events not of a warlike character occurred here until after the close of the war. There is extant a list of the families living in Cleveland , at the beginning of the war. These were those of George Wallace, Samuel Williamson, Hezekiah King, Elias Murray, Richard Bailey, Amasa Bailey, Hiram Hanchett, Harvey Murray, Abraham Hickox, Levi Johnson, Samuel Jones, David Hickox and Dr. Long. The list of two years before comprised eleven families— that of the present year, thirteen— a gain of one family per year. Besides those named, there were James Root, Alfred Kelley and Matthew Williamson, who were without families, and probably some others. All the places of business were on Superior street below the present location of the Weddell House, while most of the residences were also on some part of Superior street below the Public Square. A few 236 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. only were on side streets leading off from it. Nearly all the rest of what now constitutes the city was forest or swamp until one reached the extreme outer portion. At Doan's Corners was a thriving farming settlement, consisting of Mr. Doan, Mr. Cozad and one or two others, and the farming tract before men- tioned, which extended south along the ridge, now known as Woodland Eights, to Newburg, was by this time pretty thoroughly cleared up. Rudolphus Ed- wards had a hundred and fifty acres under cultiva- tion. Judge Kingsbury had another large farm, and similar, though perhaps smaller ones were located all along the route. Newburg was a thriving little place, but from there to Cleveland village about the only clearing of any consequence was the Walworth place, about two miles up the river, where Mr. John Walworth died during the first year of the war. The large tract between the farms on the Hights, the road to Newburg and the Euclid road, and thence north to the lake, was substantially in the same condition that it was in when Moses Cleav eland first came to the mouth of the Cuyahoga. As has been stated, all the warlike movements of that period have been narrated in the general history, as has also the erection of the first-court house by Levi Johnson. A few minor incidents of that excit- ing time may, however, be worth mentioning. Two days after Perry's victory, Mr. Levi Johnson and a man named Eumage found a large flat boat which had been abandoned by Quartermaster (afterwards General) Jessup. They loaded this with two hun- dred bushels of potatoes, took them to Put-in-Bay and. sold them to the fleet and army, easily quadrupling their money. Jessup kept the boat to aid the move- ment of Harrison's army into Canada, while Johnson returned to Cleveland as pilot of the sloop "■ Somers," one of- Perry's victorious fleet. Soon after, Eumage returned with the flat boat, and with news of the victory of the Thames. Johnson resumed command and made several successful trips. There was but little progress during the war, yet the first brick building in Cleveland was a store built in 1814, by J. E. and Irad Kelley. In tliat year SpafEord's old map was copied by Alfred Kelley, and marks added showing all the buildings in existence in the village when the copy was made. There were thirty-four in all. In 1814, Levi Johnson built the soli ooner "Pilot." The curiosity concerning it is that for convenience in obtaining timber he built it in the woods, near the site of St. Paul's church, on Euclid avenue, half a mile from the water. When it was finished, the en- terprising builder made a " bee." The farmers came in with twenty-eight yoke of cattle, and the "Pilot " was put on wheels and dragged to the foot of Superior street, where it was launched in the river, with re- sounding cheers. On the 23d of December, 1815, the legislature passed an act incorporating the village of Cleveland. This was the last event of especial consequence affect- ing that place before the close of the war of 1812, which occurred the same winter. The succeeding era of peace may properly be begun with a new chapter. Before entering on the new era, however, we will ap- pend a description of the jollification which took place when the news of peace arrived here, in nearly the same words in which the event is recorded in a manu- script preserved in the Historical Society. When the news was received, the citizens assembled by a common impulse to celebrate so momentous an event. The depression, the sacrifices and the alarms of three tedious years were terminated. There was no formal meeting with speeches and resolutions, but a spontaneous and most exuberant expression of Joy. Every one was in a mood to do something extrava- gant. It is reported that one of the citizens, by way of an impromptu feu de joie, set fire to a load of hay, which a farmer was bringing to market. A government gun was brought out. Abram Hick- ox, the principal blacksmith of the village, carried the powder in- a pail; throwing it into the piece by tlie handfull. Another gunner had a fire-brand with which to "touch off" the gun, a spark from which found its way into "Uncle Abram's" pail. He was seen to rise instantly from the earth as high as the eaves of an adjacent house (so runs the record), com- ing down half stripped of his clothing. In this plight he ran down Superior street, screaming Tehe- mently that he was killed. He was not, however, and, after doing the blacksmithing for one generatioQ, he survived to become the sexton of the next. Whisky was regarded as common property on that day, performing an important part in their patriotic rejoicings. Before night not a few found it desirable to lean against a friendly stump, or recline comfort- ably in a convenient fence-corner. But they soon re- covered, and went to work at their respective voca- tions with great hopes of the prosperity which was to follow the return of peace. CHAPTEE XLVI. THE VILLAGE FKOM 1815 TO 1825. First Village Officers— General Depression— Another Vessel built inland — N. H. Merwin— Mrs. P. ScovllI— Going to Church by Bugle-call— Leonard Case's Description— The Traveled Streets— Woods, Swamp and Brush— The Eesidents and their Families— Moses White— Prom- inent Men of Newburg-" Cleveland, Six Miles from Newburg"- The Euclid Road— Laid out to the Comer of the Square— Framed Warehouses— Stone Quarry and Mill at Newburg— Commercial Bank of Lake Erie— Orlando Cutler— Samuel Cowles and Reuben Wood— Land on the Square sold for JlOO per Acre— Ansel Young— Steamboat and Newspaper— " The God of Lake Erie "—Carding Machines and other Items— P. M. Weddell— Michael Spangler— Religious Matters— A Theatrical Performance— John Brooks and other Newburgers— Killed by a Limb— Hunting Deer— The First Bridge— Business Rivalry— The Cleveland Academy— The Cleveland Forum— The West Side— Poor Harbors— The Canal— The Turning Point— J. W. Allen. Ox the first Monday of June, 1815, the first village election took place. The following officers were unan- imously elected; each receiving twelve votes: Alfred 13). ^vIUjOvaak^wC^^ THE VILLAGE FROM 1815 TO 1825. 337 Kelley, president; Horace Perry, recorder; Alonzo Carter, treasurer; John A. Ackley, marshall; George Wallace and John Riddle, assessors; Samuel William- son, David Long, and Nathan Perry, Jr., trustees. The hopes entertained of great immediate prosperity on the return of peace were by no means realized. In fact, the sudden change in the value of paper money and the general financial stringency which came upon the country immediately after the war, combined with the cheapness of agricultural products, the diflBeulty of sending them East, and the general indebtedness for land, rendered the five years next succeeding the war even more discouraging than the period which preceded it. Nevertheless there was quite a number of new resi- dents came in that period and there was quite an amount of business done, considering how small a place Cleveland actually was. This year the enterprising boat-builder, Levi John- son, laid the keel of the schooner "Neptune," of six- ty-five tons, near the site of Central Market, and it was afterwards moved to the water by the same means employed in the case of the "Pilot." Noble H. Merwin, long a prominent citizen of Cleve- land, came to that place in 1815, and began keeping the tavern previously kept by George Wallace, at the corner of Superior street and Virginia lane. He also engaged largely in the provision trade, vessel-building, and other business connection with the lake. Among the newcomers of 1816 was Miss Bixby, now the venerable Mrs. Philo Scovill. She mentions among those who were then residents in the village, Levi Johnson, Alfred Kelley, Phineas Shepard, the widow Carter, whose house had a large rye-field in front of it, Phineas Shepard, who kept the old Carter tavern. Dr. Long, before mentioned. Dr. Mackintosh, N. H. Merwin and Hiram Hanchett, the tavern-keepers, Horace Perry, Philo Scovill, after- wards her husband, who kept a drug store, etc. There was no church nor settled minister, and when a traveling preacher occasionally came along, meetings were held in the school-house in winter and in the court-house in summer. The people were called to meeting by the blowing of a bugle by a Mr. Bliss. A detailed description of Cleveland in 1816 was made in writing by the late Leonard Case, who first came to the village on the second day of August, in that year. From this document, for the use of which we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Williamson, we select the principal points. The only streets cleared were Superior, west of the square, Euclid street (or more properly the Euclid road), which was made passable for teams, and a part of Ontario street. Water street was a mere winding path in the bushes. Vineyard lane and Union lane were paths running down to the river. Mandrake lane was all woods, none of it being worked. Seneca and Bank streets were all woods. Ontario street, north of the square, Superior street, east of it, Wood, Bond and Erie streets were all in a state of nature. Ontario street, south of the square to the site of the market, and thence along the line of Broadway, was open for travel, as that was the road to the thriving village of Newburg. There was also the Kinsman road (now Woodland avenue), but that was entirely out of town. -Neai'ly all the ground between the hill and the river was what Mr. Case designates as swamp, with occasional pieces of pasture land. On the hill there were the improved lots along Superior street, and north of it the rye-field of ten acres, also mentioned by Mrs. Scovill. Levi Johnson had a field where the City Hospital now is. The rest of the land covering all between St. Clair and Lake streets, and most of that between Superior and St. Clair, and running east to Erie street, was in brush or slashing; the larger timber having been cut down for use and the rest left standing. It afforded considerable pasturage to the cattle of the villagers, and the children found large quantities of strawb'erries there. South of the gardens on Superior street, as far east as lot eighty, the land was also a brush pasture. Up along the high banks as far as the Walworth farm on the road to Newbui'g there was more woods and less pasture. East of Pittsburg street, (the Newburg road,) all was woods with occasional patches of brush. Mr. Case also gives an account of all the inhabit- ants, though our space will not permit us to go so fully into detail as he does. On Superior street there were Noble H. Merwin, his wife Minerva, his clerk, William Ingersoll, and his boarders, Thomas 0. Young, Philo Scovill, Leonai'd Case and others; Hi- ram Hanchett, his wife Mary and five children; Silas Walsworth and wife; James Gear and wife, (the last two named men were hatters;) Darius B. Henderson, his wife Sophia and their daugliter; Dr. David Long, his wife Juliana and two children; A. W. Walworth, postmaster and collector; Daniel Kelley and his sons Joseph R., Alfred, Thomas M. and Irad, of whom J. E. and Irad were merchants in company; Almon Kingsbury, who was carrying on a store in company with his father James Kingsbury; Pliny Mowry, who kept tavern on the site of the Forest City House; Hor- ace Perry and his wife Abigail; Abram Hickox, the blacksmith, and his family; Levi Johnson and his wife Margaret; Amasa Bailey; Christopher Gun, who kept the ferry; George Pease; Phineas Shepard, who kept tavsrn in the old Carter building, part log and part frame; Nathan Perry and his wife Paulina (the former being the owner of a store, with a good assortment); John Aughenbaugh and family (butcher); one negro family (name unknown); Dr. Daniel 0. Hoyt, who soon moved to Wooster; Geo. Wallace (tavern keeper), his wife Harriet and four children, and his boarders, James Root, S. S. Dudley, H. Willman, William Gay- lord and C. Belden; Asahel Abell, cabinet maker; David Burroughs, Sr., and Jr., blacksmiths. On Water street there were Samuel and Mathew Williamson, tanners; Maj, Carter's widow, on the bank of the hill; John Burtiss, brewer and vessel builder; 238 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. John A. Ackley and family; Dr. Donald MGlntosh; William C. Johnson (lake captain) and family; Harpin Johnson (lake captain) and family. Alonzo Carter was then living on the west side of the river, and his appears to have been the only family there. Those who came somewhat later the same season were Luther M. Parsons, Moses White, James Hynd- man, Abram Winston, Chas. Frisbee, Sherman Peck, G-eorge G. Hills, Eleazer Waterman, Daniel Jones, Orlando Cutter and Thomas Eumage. Mr. Moses White, one of the newcomers, is still a resident of the city and gives a similar description of the primitive village. He mentions a little new school house where the Kennard House now stands. It was eighteen feet by twenty-eight, with a stone chimney. Mr. White put up a tailor's shop the next year, it being the first in Cleveland. When he wanted to get it painted he had to go to Newburg for a painter. There were two stores there and about twenty-five houses. Daniel, Theodore and Erastus Miles and Al- lan Gaylord were among the principal citizens. Also Aaron Shepard, Gains Burke and his brothers, and N. Bates. It was hardly as large as Cleveland, but was surrounded by a more flourishing country. Letters used to come, directed to "M. White, Cleveland, six miles from Newburg, Ohio. Bilious fever, as well as fever and ague, was still prevalent here, and at the rival port of Buffalo they told Mr. White that if he came to Cleveland he would not live over night. But he did live and the town lived, too. The relics of Fort Huntington, erected during the war, were still standing, between Seneca and Ontario streets, but soon disappeared. The Euclid road did not originally come to the Public Square but stopped at Huron street. As there were no improvements in the way, however, the peo- ple traveled on to the square, and soon after the incor- poration of the village, the road or street was extended along the same line.* In order to strike the corner of the square, it was necessary to make a slight angle at the junction of Huron street. It would hardly be noticed by the casual traveler, but may easily be seen on careful observation. Bond and Wood streets, and a street around the square were laid out at the same time. The total assessed valuation of the whole original plat of the village, in 1816, was twenty-one thousand and sixty-five dollars. Down to this time all the warehouses had been of logs. In 1817, Leonard Case and Captain William Gaylord built the first framed one, on the river, north of St. Clair street. Soon afterwards Levi Johnson and Dr. David Long built another framed warehouse, below Case and Gaylord's, and, ere long, still another was built near it by John Blair. Between Blair's warehouse and Murray's log one was an impassable marsh. About 1817 Abel R. Garlick came and began cut- ting stone on Bank street. He obtained a fine- *Some make the date later, but the weight of evidence is in favor of the period mentioned. grained, blue sandstone from Newburg. Ere long a mill was erected at the quarry on Mill creek (New- burg) below the falls, where the stone was sawed, as it now is at Berea and elsewhere, into slabs for use. This was the first establishment of the kind in the county. About this time (1817) Mr. Josiah Barber, one of the proprietors of land on the West Side, established a store there, and offered inducements to persons to pur- chase and settle there. Phineas Shepherd moved ovet and went to keeping tavern. He had possibly done so as early as 1816. There were already clearings back in what is now the township of Brooklyn, but none near the mouth of the Cuyahoga, except Alonzo Carter's place, until the time in question. Another account gives the date of Mr. Barber's movement as late as 1819. The Commercial Bank of Lake Erie had been started in 1816, with Leonard Case as cashier, but there was hardly business enough to support it and it went down in 1819. It, however, revived and went on. The prominent arrivals of 1818 were Orlando Cut- ter, who began business with a stock of twenty thou- I sand dollars, then considered an immense amount; Samuel Cowles, a lawyer and business man, and Eeuben Wood, also a lawyer, who afterwards became governor of the State. At this time James Kings- bury sold to Leonard Case five acres where the post office and neighboring buildings now stand, for one hundred dollars per acre, which was then considered a good price. Another gentleman who came in that year died during the present one, at the age of ninety- one. This was Ansel Young, who settled at Doan's Corners, where he was long known to the general public as the only maker of almanacs in this region, and to his acquaintances as a man of marked scien- tific acquirements, and as the intimate friend of the eminent historian, Jared Sparks. We have noticed in the general history the arrival of the first steamboat, the renowned "Walk-in-the- Water," and the establishment of the first newspaper, the Register, in 1818, and the second one, the Herald, in 1819. One of the earliest issiies of the latter sheet had an article satirizing the fever and ague, which was still the great bugbear of this region. It ran as follows: " Agueagueshakeshakb, The god of Lake Erie, Takes this opportunity to announce his high satis- faction for the devotion offered at his shrine by the new converts on the shores of his dominion. He would feel much pleasure could he continue his resi- dence through the winter, but, having lately experi- enced much rough handling from his enemy. Jack Frost, the Demon of the Forest, he is now under the necessity of holding his court among the alcoves of Erie, among his liege subjects, the Muscalonges and Catfish. On the 4th day of July next, he will remove THE VILLAOxE PROM 1815 TO 18^5. no his court to the highlands of the Cuyahoga, and, as he hopes, with force to drive old Jack into the lake, and continue his land dominion for many a good year to come." Among other things, we learn from the Herald of 1819, that Ephraim Hubbel was then putting up two carding machines at the mills at Newbuyg, and would soon do carding for six and a fourth cents a pound; that Dr. David Long was selling salt, plaster, iron, buffab robes, etc. ; that Merritt Seoley had purchased the stock of Orlando Cutter; that S. S. Dudley sold goods, and took bills of the bank of Cleveland and similar financial institutions; that E. Childs was sel- ling fanning-mills; that John B. Morgan was making wagons, and that H. Eoote was keeping a book store. In 1830 that well-known citizen, Peter M. Weddell, established himself in Cleveland; engaging in mer- cantile pursuits, and by his energy and enterprise contributing largely to the welfare of the slowly-grow- ing village. Another newcomer of 1830, less prominent than Mr. Weddell, but still a very active citizen, was Mi- chael Spangler, who began to keep the " Commercial CofEee-House," previously the Wallace stand, where be remained twelve years. From his widow we have obtained some items regarding the period in question. Mr. and Mrs. Spangler being of Pennsylvania-Ger- man extraction, the farmers of that blood, ol whom there were many in northern Ohio, used generally to stop at the " Cofiee House " when they came into town with their flour and other products. There were many other travelers, too, especially in the spring and autumn; and sometimes, when the opening of navigation was unexpectedly delayed, people would be compelled to stay at the Cleveland hotels two or three weeks, waiting for the boats to run. Religious advantages were few. An Episcopal Church (Trinity) had been organized as early as 1816, but there were only occasional services by a minister. In 1830 a few res^idents engaged the Rev. Randolph Stone, pastor of a Presbyterian Church in Ashtabula county, to give one-third of his time to Cleveland, and in June of that year the Fir^t Presbyterian church was organized with fourteen members. • Even this late, the place seems to have been some- times pretty well blocked up in the winter. The Herald, of January 18, 1830, announced that there was no news from Columbus; no mail having arrived since the issue of the paper a week before. The very first that we hear of theatrical represen- tations at Cleveland is in the winter of 1830, when an entertainment was advertised which certainly offered sufficient variety— including as it did the comic opera entitled "The Purse, or the Benevolent Tar;" scenes from "The Stranger;" and "The Village Lawyer;" concluding with a "Dwarf Dance;" and all for the sum of fifty cents— children haH price. By this time Newburg, which had long kept up a rivalry with Cleveland, began to fall behind in the race. Still Cleveland grew but slowly, and some zealous New- burgers thought that something might yet happen to give their village the advantage. John Bi-ook owned the gristmill there in 1830, and Harrison Danche was another well-known resident. Among the young men of that place at an early day were the three brothers Caleb, Ashbel and Youngs Morgan, all still residents in that part of the city. It was about 1830 that while sevej,'al men, resident near Doan's Corners, were riding back from the vil- lage one evening, a limb fell from a forest tree near the present corner of Willson and Euclid avenues, breaking the leg of one of the men, named Coles, who afterwards died of the injury. There were then a few clearings between WiHson avenue and the Cor- ners, but it was all woods from that avenue to Erie street. Deer were common in the forest on both sides of the Euclid road in 1830 and as late as 1835. Captain Lewis Dibble says that when the young men wanted some fun three or four would go with their rifles to watch at the shore of the lake; another would range the woods on the tract now in the central or eastern part of the city with hounds, and would almost al- ways start one within an hour. He would almost in- variably head for the lake, and was very fortunate if he escaped the waiting riflemen. Soimetimes one would swim out far into the lake and then return; landing a mile or more from the place where he en- tered. Wolves, though thick in some parts of the county, had disappe^^red from the present territory of the city before this period, but bears were occasionally seen, though very seldom. Ip 1833 Willman White and S. J. Hamlin as con- tractors, built the first bridge over the Cuyahoga at Cleveland; Josiah Barber (west side), Philo Scovill and Reuben Champion being the supervising com- mittee. The citizens subscribed considerable amounts to build it, and those who could not pay money fur- nished wheat, rye, whisky, lumber, ^te. There was plenty of business rivalry in those days, and some bitterness over it; for in 1833 a mer- chant advertised that all the goods mentioned in his advertisement, could be found in his " small, white store," notwithstanding the insinuations put forth from the "large brick store," with so many displays of superior advantages. It was at this period, 1833, that a brick school building, called the Cleveland Academy, was erected. A school was opened in it immediately afterwards, and for many years it was the pride of the village. Not only was education earnestly desired, but other efforts at mental improvement were made. The " Cleveland Forum" was an institution of some permanence, which met regularly during successive winters, to practice debating and employ other moans of im- provement. In 1834 the first steamboat was built at Cleveland; the "Enterprise" of two hundred and twenty tons constructed by Levi Johnson. 240 THE CITY OV CLEVELAND. By this time there was a small cluster of houses on the west side, the locality being known with the rest of the township by the uame of Brooklyn. The bar at the mouth of the Cuyahoga prevented any but small vessels from entering, and even these often did so with difficulty. Large vessels lay to, and were unloaded by means of yawls. The various ports along the lake were all jealous of each otiier, and sought to exaggerate the poorness of each other's harbors. In 1825 the Sandusky Clarion declared that the yawls which unloaded vessels at Cleveland had lately stuck several times on the bar at the mouth of the river. The Cleveland Herald retaliated by stat- ing that canoes entering Sandusky Bay, had run afoul of the catfish there, -and been detained until the latter had their daily ague-fits, when the boats were shaken off, and proceeded joyfully on their way. On the fourth day of July, 1835, ground was broken at Cleveland for the Ohio canal. This was the turning point in the history of Cleve- land. It had been twenty-five years since it was laid out by Moses Cleaveland, with the design that it should be the emporium' of the Western Eeserve, and still it was only a small village. Hon. John W. Allen, then a young law student, who came in 1825, estimates the population of Cleveland, at that time, at about five hundred inhabitants, and that of the village on the west side, then known as Brooklyn, at about two hundred. The actual beginning of work on the canal attracted general attention to this point, and within a year the population had rose to one thousand. Mr. Allen, himself, who had come from the Bast to find a growing town in which to make his home^ wrote back that Cleveland was the most promising point for a city that he had seen, and he accordingly entered himself as a student in the ofiice of Samuel Cowles. Of this new Cleveland, which has since that time, notwithstanding occasional drawbacks, made such rapid strides toward greatness, we will speak in the succeeding chapters. CHAPTEE XLVII. FEOM 1825 TO THE CITY CHAETEH. Less Attention to Individuals-First Appropriation for a Harbor— The Fi.st Her-No Eesults-Another Appropriation-Major Maurice's Plan-The Eiver Damned-An Angry " Serpent "-A New Channel- Another Pier-Complete Success-Canal Opened-Disastrous Sick- ness-Brooklyn ViUage-The First Lighthouse-Slow Increase- Then very Rapid Progress-Old-fashioned Relics-The" Flush Times —The Buffalo Company in Brooklyn- The Two City Charters— The Dividing Line. As, after 1825, the population of the thriving vil- lage of Cleveland mounted in twelve years to a popu- lation of some five thousand, and the place attained the dignity of a city, we cannot henceforth give that attention to individuals which we have previously given, but must confine ourselves in this continuons sketch to a condensed statement of the principal events; although a large portion of the more active citizens will necessarily be noticed more or less, farther on, in our account of the numerous organiza- tions of the city. If Cleveland was really to be a great commercial city, the first and most necessary object for it to at- tain was a harbor. We are indebted to Col. Whit- tlesey's "Fugitive Essays" for an account of the early efforts in that direction. In the session of 1824-5 Congress granted $5,000 to construct aharbor at Cleveland. It was confided to Ashbel Walworth, then collector of the port, without instructions, and without any survey being made by the government officers. Mr. Walworth was full of zeal, but had no knowledge, theoretical or practical, about harbor- building. As the northeast winds predominated, how. ever, driving the sand to the west to such an extent that by successive encroachments the mouth of the river had been gradually forced westward, and the water entered the lake in an oblique direction, Mr. Walworth and those whom he consulted, naturally thought that the proper thing to do was to build a pier into the lake east of the mouth, so as to stop the drift from the east; it being supposed that the force of the water would then keep the channel clear. Accordingly, in the summer of 1825, the five thou- sand dollars was expended in building a pier six hund- red feet into the lake, nearly at right angles with the shore, (north, thirty-two degrees west), beginning forty rods east of the east bank of the river at its mouth. Strange as it must have seemed to those who are always boasting of the infallibility of " common sense," the eminently common-sense method em- ployed in building the pier produced no benefical re- sults whatever. No increase in the depth of the channel could be observed, and when the sand was cut out, it filled up again with the same rapidity as before. At one time there was actually a bar of al- most dry sand across the mouth of the port of Cnyar hoga. In the autumn of 1825 a meeting of the citizens was held, a hundred and fifty dollars was raised to pay expenses, and Mr. Walworth was sent to Wash- ington to solicit another appropriation. As there were only thirty or forty yearly arrivals of vessels at the port of Cuyahoga, Congress was not favorable to the application. Hon. Elisha Whittlesey who so long and ably represented in Congress the Western Eeserve district, of which Cuyahoga county was then a part, heartily seconded the efforts of Mr. Walworth, and after a long struggle Congi-ess appropriated ten thou- sand dollars more for a harbor at Cleveland, though not in time to be used in the summer of 1826. In the spring of 1837, Major T. AV. Maurice, of the United States engineer corps, arrived at Cleveland, made a survey and reported a plan which was adopted by the government. It was determined that the river should be made to empty into the lake east of the Walworth pier, and that another pier should be con- structed still east of that; the channel being com- pelled to flow out into the lake between the two struc- ^.^ia. '/f^^'-i'-^uj/ fe^^t- FROM 1825 TO THE CITY CHARTER. 241 tures. Major Maurice accordingly ordered a dam to be built across the river opposite the south end of the Walworth pier. This occupied the season. In the fall the dam was closed. These proceedings of course materially interfered with ordinary business, and many of the lake captains were very angry. They thought the plan an absurd one, and roundly abused the works and workmen. The schooner " Lake Serpent " entered the river, and found itself shut in between the dam and the bar. The captain was obliged to hire men to dig a tempo- rary channel through the bar in order to get out on the voyage for which he had arranged. He was furious with rage, and swore he only wanted a lease of life until that nonsensical plan succeeded. When the fall rains came on, the river rapidly rose. Men were then employed with picks and spades, oxen and scrapers, to make a trench across the isthmus from the river to the lake. As soon as a small opening was made the river broke through, and by the time the flood subsided there was two feet of water in the new channel, which was constantly enlarging. When the " Lake Serpent " came back from its trip it could easily enter the river by the new route. The old channel soon filled up; yet it remained the dividing line between the townships of Cleveland and Brook- lyn, so that there were several acres of Cleveland on the west side of the river. The next spring the eastern pier was begun, but was not completed that year. Without attempting to follow all the details of the work, suffice it to say that Major Maurice's plan was completely successful, and a permanent and excellent harbor was the result. The work was not done for ten thousand dollars, how- ever. Both the piers were carried back through the sandy shore to the riTcr, and were also extended into the lake, by means of successive appropriations, much beyond their original length. In fact the work was not closed until 1840, by which time the sum of sev- enty-seven thousand dollars had been expended. In 1827 the canal was opened for navigation from Cleveland to Akron, and the Clevelauders became more confident than ever of the great future before them; a confidence justified by the rapid increase of population. Unfortunately, however, the canal brought serious evils as well as benefits. The throw- ing up of so much malarious soil was the cause of a very disastrous period of sickness, extending through 1827 and 1828. Fever and ague and billions fever were the prevailing diseases. The former weakened the systems and shattered the constitutions of its vic- tims; so that when the latter attacked them it proved fatal to an extraordinary degree, especially among the laborers residing on the bank of the canal. When the tow-path was raised, several years later, numerous skeletons were found of those who had been buried where they died, beside the malarious ditch which had caused their death. The village of Brooklyn, which, it will be remem- bered, then lay directly across the river from Cleve- 31 land, though as yet but a hamlet, still made consider- able progress, and the establishment of a new store there by H. Pelton, "a, few doors north of J. Bar- ber's," was one of the events of 1827. In the spring of 1828, what is now one of the prin- cipal interests of the city, the iron business, was in- augurated by John Ballard & Co., who then put their new iron foundry in operation. The same year witnessed the introduction of the agent by means of which alone could the iron busi- ness be carried on to any great extent, and which is also employed for a thousand other uses in our mod- ern life. In the year named, Henry Newberry, father of Professor Newberry, of Cleveland, shipped to that place a few tons of coal from his land near the canal. Part of it was put on a wagon and hawked about town; the attention of the leading citizens being called to its good qualities. But no one wanted it. Wood was plenty and cheap, and the neat housewives of Cleveland especially objected to the dismal appear- ance and dirt-creating qualities of the new fuel. Once in a while a man would take a little as a gift, but, after the wagon had been driven around Cleve- land all day, not a single purchaser had been found. At length, near nightfall, Mr. Philo Scovill, who was then keeping the hotel known as the Franklin House, was persuaded to buy some, for which he found use by putting grates in his bar-room stove. Such was the beginning of the coal-business in Cleveland. The new fuel soon found favor, for the small manufac- turing and mechanical industries of the period, and large shipments were ere long made on the canal, but it was long before the matrons of Cleveland would tolerate it in private residences. In 1830 the United States built the first light-house at Cleveland, at a cost of eight thousand dollars. It was situated on the bluff, at the north end of Water street; the land being a hundred and thirty-five feet above the level of the lake. From 1826 to 1830 the village did not increase very rapidly; the prevailing sickness neutralizing the bene- fits conferred by the canal. In the latter year Cleve- land, Columbus and Dayton each had between a thousand and eleven hundred inhabitants. But after 1830 the sickness abated. The canal was then complete throughout its whole length; business was brisk all over the country, and the population of Cleveland advanced at a very rapid rate. By 1833 it had reached two thousand five hundred. At this period, after 1830, the common council ordered the grading of some of the principal streets — Superior, Ontario and one or two others. Down to 1830 the population had not extended eastward beyond Erie street, which was the eastern limit of the corporation, but it now began to overgrow that boundary and spread along Euclid and Superior streets. Things still had rather an old-fashioned, country- like appearance. Mr. W. A. Wing, now of Strongs- ville, says that when he came to Cleveland, in 1834, 242 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. there was a big guide-board at the junction of On- tario street with the Public Square, which told the distances to Painesville, Erie and Buffalo on the east, to Portsmouth on the Ohio river on the south, and to Detroit on the west. Old fashioned swing-signs were also in use before at least a portion of the hotels. But the days of smartness and cityhood were com- ing quite fast enough. The population increased with rapid strides, and in 1835, according to an informal census then taken, it was found that the residents of Cleveland numbered five thousand and eighty. It had more than doubled in two years. Business was brisk to an extraordinary degree, owing to the vast amount of paper money in circulation, nominally redeemable in cash, but practically irredeemable on account of the general worthlessness of the security. Every one was ready for any enterprise or speculation which offered. These were the celebrated "flush times," of which considerable has been said in the general history of the county. Meanwhile the village of Brooklyn, though far be- hind Cleveland in size, had dui-ing'the last five or six years made almost as rapid progress as the latter place. An organization, commonly known as the Buffalo company, had in 1831 bought a large tract of land on the west side of the river, had laid it out in streets and lots, and had pushed forward improve- ments at a rapid pace. In the beginning of 1836, when Cleveland was estimated to have nearly six thousand inhabitants, the population of the village of Brooklyn was calculated at two thousand. By this time the people of both villages were fully persuaded that they could afford to indulge in the advantages and glories of a city government. The benefits to be derived from a union of the rival interests on the two sides of the river were also appre- ciated to some extent, and an effort was made to pro- cure a city charter covering both villages. But the rivalry was so great — the people on each side wanted so much, and were willing to accord so little — that the plan fell through. The leading men on both sides then turned their efforts to obtain separate charters from the legislature. Either through superior adroitness or from mere chance, but certainly to the intense disgust and mor- tification of the more numerous Clevelanders, the Brooklyn people succeeded first, and on the third day of May, 1836, obtained a charter under the name of Ohio City, while it was not till the eighth of the same month that Cleveland became the possessor of city honors. The dividing line between the two cities, unlike that between the townships, followed the new channel of the river, erected in 1827, so that the the tract of about seven acres, between the new and old channels, was in Ohio City, but in the township of Cleveland, and so remained until the township organization was abandoned. CHAPTER XLVIII. AW OUTLINE OF LATEK YEARS. Climax of the Land Speculation— Improvements— Number of Arrivals of Vessels— A Break in the Tide— Great Disaster— No Progress until 1S40— First Important Iron Works— Paving— Prospei ity in 1840— Over- flowing Hotels— The Weddell— The Free High School— Spreading out —Love of Clevelanders for Room— Euclid Avenue— Population in 1850 —A Commercial City— Union of Cleveland and Ohio City— Cleveland in the War- -It becomes a Manufacturing City— Annexation of East Cleveland— Of Newburg and other Tracts— Depression and Revival— Concluding Remarks. The year 1836 saw the climax of the great land spec- ulation, which had been raging with such extraordi- nary violence for three or four years throughout the country, and especially along the great line of emi- igration, extending from the East to the West, which passed along the southern shore of Lake Erie. City lots doubled, trebled, quadrupled in price in the course of a few months, and each successive advance seemed a new evidence of prosperity and a new reason for higher prices. The authorities of the new-born city were quite willing to exercise their power, to improve and beau- tify the tract committed to their charge. The grad- ing of streets, etc., went on with great vigor. Mr. Wing, before mentioned, graded Pittsburg street, (now Broadway,) in 1836, previously a mere country road. That year or the next he took a contract, which he sublet, to grade the public square, which until that time had been more like an ordinary cow- pasture than like a city park. In Ohio City, too, all was excitement and progress. That year the city authorities built a canal, beginning in the Cuyahoga, opposite the termination of the Ohio canal, and running through the marsh into the old river bed. Tliey did not succeed in making a new harbor, as they apparently hoped, but the basin thus reached was sometimes used for keeping vessels. From March 15 to November 28, 1836, the number of sloops, schooners, brigs and ships arriving with cargoes at the port of Cuyahoga was nine hundred and eleven, while the number of arrivals of steamboats, with passengers, was nine hundred and ninety; an enormous aggregate, when we consider that it was only sixteen years since the first steamboat had ap- peared on the waters of Lake Erie, and only eleven years since the whole number of arrivals, of every description, was but from forty to fifty. In the latter part of 1836 there was a break in the tide of apparent prosperity which had been sweeping on so gaily for the previous five years. Banks began to break, private fortunes began to collapse, and the fair fabric of inflation trembled and tottered beneath the chilling blasts of reality. But the people could not believe that the immense fortunes which they had built up for themselves out of their imagina- tions, with no more real basis than worthless paper money, could all vanish when their value was tested, and they still clung with desperate tenacity to the high prices which speculation had placed upon all AN OUTLINE OF LATER YEARS. 243 kinds of property. It was all in vain, however, and the next year (1837) saw the complete collapse of the inflation balloon, and the full inauguration of the " Hard Times" par excellence, the most disastrous period, financially, ever passed through by the people of the United States. Cleveland, however, presented one exception to the general rule in Western cities. The Bank of Lake Erie did not break down under the stress of disaster. A host of its customers did, however. It was com- pelled to take land in payment of the debts due it, and became the largest landholder in the city. In 1842 its charter expired and it wound up its business. There was no increase of population from 1836 to 1840. The number, according to the census of the latter year, in the township of Cleveland, was seven thousand and thirty-seven; of which about a thousand was outside the city. After that year the disheart- ened people began to take new courage, and engage again in business enterprises. William A. Otis estab- lished iron works, the first of any considerable con- sequence in the city. Several thousand tons of coal were by this time received every year, and Cleveland soon began to make considerable progress as a manu- facturing place. About 1842 the first attempts at paving were made, on Superior street, between the square and the river, and also on River street; that is if it could be called paving to place heavy planks crosswise of the street to keep wagons out of the mud. When these became warped and loosened, and partly worn out, as they soon did, they were a most unmitigated nuisance. On River street the water sometimes rose and floated them off into the Cuyahoga. An effort was then made to pave the principal streets with limestone, but this crumbled too easily, and it was soon found that it would not answer. Medina sandstone was next tried, and as- this was found to answer all the conditions of a good paving-stone it was permanently retained. By 1845 the city was again in the full tide of prosperity, accompanied by far more solidity than characterized it in the flush times ten years be- fore. In that year, 1845, the population of Cleveland was nine thousand four hundred and seventy-three; that of Ohio City, two thousand four hundred and sixty-two. The entertainment of travelers formed a consider- able part of the business down to the time of the con- struction of railroads; the hotels often overflowing with people waiting for steamers, or just landed from steamers, to an extent scarcely ever known at the pres- ent time. The Weddell House was built in 1845 and '46 and at once took the position of the foremost ho- tel in the city. The interests of religion were not suffered to lan- guish, as will be seen by the sketches of the numerous churches which sprang up at this period; and as to education, Cleveland was probably abreast of any other place of its size in the country. The Cleveland Free High School, established in 1846, was the flrst institution of the kind in the State, and one of the very first in the whole Union. All this time the population of Ohio City was stead- ily spreading westward and northward, and that of Cleveland eastward and southward. By 1848 the ex- treme eastern limit had reached to Clinton street. The characteristics impressed on the city by its foun- ders, when the tract was laid off in lots of two acres each, still showed themselves. The people having from the first acquired a taste for large and roomy locations, they almost all declined to be shut up in close brick blocks, but insisted on having separate houses, each with its own piece of land. The rich had fine mansions, with lawns and orchards about them; those of more moderate means had substantial houses with ample gardens; the poor had cottages with small yards; but nearly everybody had breathing room. Of course this involved a good deal of travel to and from places of business, and a large outlay for paving, street lighting, etc., but there is no doubt that these inconveniences and expenses were far more than made good by the increase of home comforts and the superior healthfulness of the place. It was at this period that the Euclid road, then become Euclid street, began to take on the characteristics which have since made it celebrated throughout the country. The land rose from the lake to within a short distance from the street, then fell as far as the line of the street and then rose gently to the southward. Somewhat singu- larly, both the ridge and the depression occupied by bhe street ran almost due east from the public square for two miles, and then with a small variation ran two miles farther to "Doan's Corners. The wealthy residents of the city early found that hhey could make extremely pleasant homes by taking ample ground on the ridge in question, and building their houses on its summit; leaving a space of from ten to twenty rods between them and the street. The fashion, once adopted by a few, was speedily followed by others, and a residence on Euclid street, with a front yard of from two to five acres, soon became one of the prominent objects of a Clevelander's ambition. Some fine residences were also built on the south side of the street, but not near as many as on the north aide. The population of Cleveland had risen in 1850 to seventeen thousand and thirty-four; that of Ohio City to three thousand nine hundred and fifty. All this time Cleveland was pre-eminently a com- mercial city; its chief business being to receive produce from northern Ohio and ship it to the Bast, to trans- mit Eastern goods to the agricultural regions, and to send on to the West the immense number of emigrants and others who sought that land of promise. The building of the railroads mentioned in the general history, which marked the era between 1850 and 1855, did not change the character of the business but greatly widened its operations. An attempt was made in 1852 to make Cleveland the manufacturing place of a large amount of copper, 244 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. to be brought from Lake Superior, but it did not suc- ceed. Meanwhile it had become evident to a large ma- jority of the people of both cities that the interests of Cleveland and Ohio City required a union under one corporation. Negotiations wei-e set on foot and con- ckided, and a formal agreement was made, in accord- ance with the law, between commissioners appointed by the common councils of the two cities. Those on the part of Cleveland were W. A. Otis, H. V. Will- son and F. T. Backus; those on the part of Ohio City were W. B. Castle, N. M. Standart and C. S. Rhodes. It was agreed that the four wards of Ohio City,' (or rather the city of Ohio as it was called in all legal proceedings) should constitute the eighth, ninth, tenth and eleventh wards of Cleveland; that the wards should never be changed so but that the west side should always have as large a proportion of the num- ber of wards as it had of the population; that the property of each city should belong to the joint cor- poration, and that that corporation should bej-espon- . sible for the debts of both. The proposition to unite was submitted to the voters of the two cities on the first Monday of April, 1854. .It received in Cleveland one thousand, eight hundred and ninety-two yeas and four hundred nays; in Ohio City, six hundred and eighteen yeas and two hundred and fifty-eight nays. The formal ordinance of union, in accordance with this vote, was passed by the coun- cil of Cleveland on the 5th of June, 1854, and by that of the " City of Ohio " on the following day. The prosperity of the united city was somewhat checked by another financial crisis in 1857, but the depression was slight indeed compared with that which followed the crash of 1837. The population of the two cities a little more than doubled during the decade; that of the two cities having been twenty thousand, nine hundred and eighty-four in 1850, and that of the united city being forty-three thousand, eight hundred and thirty-eight. Of the part taken by Cleveland's gallant soldiers in the war for life, which burst upon the country in 1861. the story has been amply told in the chapters devoted to the general history of the county. The effect of the war on Cleveland was very greatly to develop its manufactures. The iron business and the oil busi- ness in particular sprang forward into immense pro- portions, and it has been said, with but little exagger- ation, that the war found Cleveland a commercial city and left it a manufacturing city. Not that it ceased to do a great deal of commercial business, but the predominant interest had become the manufac- turing ones. Accounts of some of the principal of these are given farther on. Meanwhile a large and thriving village had grown up between Willson avenue, which formed the eastern limit of the city, and the locality called in the old accounts "Doan's Corners," but which for twenty years had gone by the name of Bast Cleveland. This was the name of the township which had been formed from Cleveland and Euclid, and this was the appella- tion given to the village just mentioned. Cleveland was ready to absorb this extensive tract, and the tract was ready to be absorbed. The'commissioners on tiie part of the city were H. B. Payne, J. P. Eobison and John Huntington; those on the part of the village John B. Hurlbut, John W. Heisley and William A. Neff. They agreed that Bast Cleveland should be- come the sixteenth and seventeenth wards of Cleve- land; and also that the high school of Bast Cleveland should be maintained according to the system in use, until changed by three-fourths of the common council of the city, with the consent of half of the members for the tract then annexed. The formal ordinance of union was passed by the council of Cleveland on the 24th of October, and by that of Bast Cleveland on the 29th of October, 1867. With the advantage of this addition the census of 1870 showed a population of ninety-two thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight. Another large tract, comprising parts of the town- ships of East Cleveland and Brooklyn, and extending entirely around the city, was annexed in 1872; the necessary ordinance being passed on the 19th of November in that year, and the subsequent proceed- ings being taken by the county commissioners. On the 16th of September, 1873, still another absorbing ordinance, also confirmed by the county commission- ers, was passed, by which the village of Newburg, once the rival of Cleveland, was summarily annexed to it, and became the eighteenth ward of its former com- petitor. As there has been no census since that time it is ' impracticable to say how far Cleveland has mounted by reason of its internal growth and these external ac- cessions. Enthusiastic citizens put its population considerably above a hundred and fifty thousand, but probably the census of next June will show that the number does not vary greatly from those figures. Of course, like all the rest of the country, it has suffered severely from the business depression of the five years succeeding 1873, but it is one of the very first cities in the country to catch the returning breezes, of pros- perity, and its people may well look forward to along career of commercial and manufacturing success. We have thus sketched an outline history of Cleve- land, from the laying out of its first streets in 1796, to the present time. We have dwelt at considerable length on the earlier history, regarding which this sketch forms the only record in our work, but have passed very cursorily over the later period, because many chapters immediately following these are de- voted to the separate institutions— churches, societies, schools, etc., of chat period. To those we now invite the attention of such of our readers as feel an interest in the details of local history. . Noble, L. P. Mercer, J. S. Saul and G. F. Stearns. There are now about forty members; the present trus- tees being M. G. Browne, George Judson and A. H. Cline. MISCELLANEOUS. Among the numerous missions, chapels etc., in Cleveland, which are used for occasional services, and which can hardly be assigned to any regular place in church history, may be mentioned St. Joseph's Chapel (Roman Catholic), corner of Chapel and Hazen streets; the Armory at East Cleveland; Cottage (Methodist Episcopal) Chapel, corner of Willson ave- nue and Prospect street; German Baptist Mission, on Payne avenue; German Methodist Mission, on Purdy street; Lake Shore Chapel, on Lake street; Pearl Street Friendly Inn; River Street Friendly Inn; Tem- perance Chapel, on St. Clair street; Central Place Friendly Inn; Union Mission, on Brie street. Olivet Chapel, on Hill street; and the Ontario Street Taber- nacle, which last structure was built on the occasion of an anticipated Moody and Sankey season. CHAPTER LVI. BBrfEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. Charity Hospital— Homoeopathic Hospital — City Hospital— Protestant Orphan Asylum— St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum— Jewish Orphan Asy- lum—Home for the Aged Poor- Bethel Union— Young Men's Chris- tian Association— Women's Christian Association— Women's Chris- tian Temperance League— Convent oE ihe Good Shepherd— Firemen's Relief Association— St. Mary's Orphan (Girls) Asylum— St. Joseph's Oiphan Asylum. CHARITY HOSPITAL. It is to the zeal of Bishop Rappe that Cleveland owes its first public hospital. In the spring of 1853 he had a framed building erected on Monroe street, West Side, on the same lot on which St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum now stands. Owing to his very limited means, the bishop could not fully carry out his long cherished plan of erecting an asylum for the sick and injured of the city, the building being small and the sisters in charge— two Hospitaliers of the order of St. Augustine and two Postulants, who came from France the year previous — few in number. Yet the good sisters kindly received all applicants and cared for them as best they could, though laboring under many and great disadvantages. During the late war, when many of our soldiers re- turned to Cleveland either sick or wounded, and found no place where they could get the tender care of trained nurses and skillful physicians and surgeons, Cleveland fully realized the necessity of a hospital. Bishop Rappe, ever ready to promote a good work, and seeing a near realization of his plan, offered to build a hospital, and provide nurses, and surgical and medical aid, if the public would come to his help. His appeal was not in vain. All citizens, without dis- tinction of nationality or creed, came to his aid. He purchased twelve lots on the east side of Perry street, bounded by Garden and Marion streets. In the spring of 1863 Charity Hospital was begun. Aided by the generosity of the citizens of Cleveland — their contributions at a fair and by subscriptions amount- ing to about twenty thousand dollars, one gentleman alone giving the princely donation of ten thousand dollars — the building was opened to the public in the fall of 1865, and cost, as it then stood, upwards of seventy-five thousand dollars. To the Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine was committed the care of patients and the general man- agement of the institution. The medical and surgi- cal work was confided to Charity Hospital College, now the Medical Department of the University of Wooster. Owing to its able surgeons and physi- cians and faithful nurses. Charity Hospital soon ranked among the first in the country, patients com- ing for treatment from all parts of the Union. The yearly average number of patients from 1865 to Jan- uary 1, 1879, was four hundred and forty-one; whole number of patients treated, five thousand seven hun- dred and thirty-five; whole number of free patients, same period, two thousand two hundred and forty-six. During 1873 and 1874 improvements were made and additions built by Bishop Gilmour at a cost of forty-seven thousand dollars, viz: clinic and lecture rooms, mortuary, steam-heaters and elevators. The wooden staircase at the main enti-ance was replaced by a fine stairway of stone, of easy ascent, and the interior of the building was refitted; so that now the Charity Hospital ranks second to none in the country in point of modern conveniences, and a23pli- anees to lessen the pains of the sick or wounded pa- tient. The medical staff, of which Dr. W. -I. Scott is president, is now composed of nine physicians. There are sixteen Sisters of Charity taking care of the sick. Sister Alexis is the local Superior. In this connection might also be mentioned the es- tablishing of the House of Maternity by Bishop Gil- mour, in 1874, in the rear of Charity Hospital, and under the care and management of the Sisters of Charity; Sister Martha, local Superior. The build- ing is forty-five feet wide and seventy-five in length, three stories high, with large, well ventilated rooms. To unfortunate women who become victims of sin it affords shelter during the time of their confinement; and helpless infants, abandoned by their heartless mothers, find there a home and a mother's care. CLEVELAKD HOM(EOPATHIC HOSPITAL. This hospital is, as its name indicates, under the control of medical professors of the school of Homoe- opathy, and is now, as it always has been, carried on as a private enterprise. The first hospital building was located on Willson avenue about 1860, but, after a few years, the Homceopathic and regular schools joining in the conduct of a union hospital, the Will- son avenue institution was discontinued. The union was, however, short-lived and the Homceopathic hospi- BENEVOLENT INSTITITTIONS. 279 tal was revived in the buildings of the Humiston Seminary on the Eights, where also the Homoeopathic Hospital College was located. , When the college was transferred to Prospect street the hospital was located on Huron street, near at hand, and continued its active functions until March, 1879, when the build- ing was removed to make place for a new hospital edifice now in process of erection, and so far advanced toward completion that it will be occupied about the beginning of 1880. The new hospital building is of brick, and a re- markably handsome and striking piece of architec- ture. It will contain sixty beds, and will bfe supplied with the most perfect of modern hospital appoint- ments. It is aimed to devote the institution to charity so far as may be found consistent with the design to make it self-supporting. CLEVELAND CITY HOSPITAL. The early history of this institution was somewhat experimental and changeful. Its real work in the care of the sick and destitute poor commenced in 1869, in a small framed building at 83 Willson street. The president from that time has been Mr. H. B. Hurlbut, whose unfailing interest and generosity have contributed much to the life and growth of the work. During the first year one hundred and two patients were treated; the number of days of treatment being five thousand and thirty-eight. During the year 1878 four hundred and forty-six patients were received, and the number of days of treatment was fourteen thous- and three hundred and fifty eight. Under the press- ing need of larger accommodations, in the autumn of 1875, a lease of the Marine Hospital and grounds was procured from the United States government, and here the Cleveland City Hospital has since had its home. The building is of stone, three stories in hight, one hundred and ten by ninety feet, and standi in the midst of spacious grounds (five acres), handsomely laid out in lawn and terrace. The arrangement of wards and rooms provides sep- arately for each department— the charity and the pay patients. The private rooms for paying patients are in the second and third stories of the east and west wings. They are furnished with taste and elegance, and contain all needful articles and appliances for the comfort of the sick. The institution has no endowment, and is largely dependent upon the generosity of the people for means to carry on its charitable work. On the 10th day of May, 1876, the hospital officers and managers became a body corporate; Joseph Per- kins, president; E. C. Eouse, clerk, and seven trus- tees, M. B. Scott, George B. Stanley, Henry Chisholm, William B. Castle, W. J. Boardman, H. C. Blossom and G. W. Whitney. The expense of maintainance for the year 1876 was eighteen thousand pne hundred and thirty-six dollars; in 1877, thirteen thousand five hundred and seven dollars and thirty-four cents; in 1878, fifteen thousand four hundred and sixteen dollars and thirty-six cents. The officers of the year 1879 are as follows: H. B. Hurlbut, president; Mrs. S. Williamson, vice presi- dent; Isaac N. Himes, secretary; Mrs. Proctor Thayer, assistant secretary; H. 0. Studley, treasurer; H. B. Hurlbut, Mrs. S. Williamson, George H. Ely, Mrs. M. H. Severance, H. E. Hatch, G. C. E. Weber, M.D., Proctor Thayer, M.D., trustees; Mrs. L. M. Hubby, Mr. D. P. Eells, Mrs. H. B. Hurlbut, Mr. R. P. Smith, Mrs. T. T. Seelye, Mrs. George H. Ely, Mrs. William Sabin, Mrs. Charles Hickox, Mrs. L. L. Lyon, Mrs. S. T. Hall, Mrs. James Barnett, Mrs. T. Bolton, Mrs. W. S. Streator, Mrs. I. N. Himes, Mrs. John Poole, Mrs. S. H. Douglass; Mrs. E. 0. Pechin, Mrs. G. 0. B. Weber, Mrs. W. C. North, Mrs. P. Boeder, Col. and Mrs. W. H. Harris, mana- gers; Proctor Thayer, M.D., G. C. B. Weber, M.D., John Bennitt, M.D., H. K. Cushing, M.D., consult- ing physicians and surgeons; D; B. Smith, M.D., occulist; J. B. Darby, M.D., L N. Himes, M.D., H. W. Kitchen, M.D., P. J. Weed, M.D., J. H. Low- man, M.D., H. H. Powell, M.D., visiting physicians and surgeons; Miss Eliza Mitchell, matron; J. R. Smith, M.D., house physician; C. L. Taylor, M.D., assistant house physician. THE CLEVELAND PROTESTANT ORPHAN" ASYLUM. The Cleveland Orphan Asylum was organized Jan- uary 22, 1853, at a meeting held for the purpose in the Stone Church; John M. Woolsey being chosen chairman. Rev. Dr. Aiken introduced a resolution that, "In view of the wants of this city, it is expe- dient to organize an orphan asylum in Cleveland," which was unanimously adopted. Messrs. John A. Foot, J. A. Briggs, B. Rouse, J. M. Hoyt, T. P. Handy and others were appointed a committee to prepare a plan of organization for such an institution. This committee reported at another meeting held in the same place January 29th, presenting a plan which virtually placed the responsibility of further arrange- ments in the hands of a board of managers, consist- ing of the following ladies: Mrs. Elisha Taylor, Mrs. Rouse, Mrs. Philo Scovill, Mrs. S. J. Andrews, Mrs. J. K. Miller, Mrs. Henry W. Clark, Mrs. Stillman Witt, Mrs. M. H. Severance, Mrs. Geo. A. Benedict, Mrs. B. Stedman, Mrs. J. A. Harris and Mrs. A. H. Barney. These ladies went immediately to work to arrange the details of an asylum household, and in April, 1852, a framed house on the corner of Erie and Ohio streets having been leased, the asylum began its work of providing a shelter for orphan and destitute chil- dren, eleven of whom, none of them over eight years of age, were at first received into its care. Miss Sophia L. Hewitt was placed at the head of the household as both superintendent and teacher. These offices she continued to fill for two years, mak- ing no charge for her services. 280 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. After a short time it was thought best to obtain an act of incorporation from the Slate and reorganize the association. A new constitution was prepared by a committee of gentlemen appointed for the purpose. This constitution was accepted at a meeting of the society, February 23, 1853, and the asylum was regu- larly chartered as an "association incorporated for benevolent purposes." Under the constitution the following officers were elected: Hon. S. J. Andrews, president; Philo Scovill, B. Rouse and Henry W. Clark, trustees; T. P. Handy, treasurer; Geo. A. Benedict, clerk. The board of managers who had been j)reviously acting were re- elected. The constitution provides that the officers of the asylum shall be chosen from different denominations of Protestant Christians, so that no one of them in particular shall have a preponderance in its councils. In October, 1875, anew and revised constitution was adopted, by which several important changes was made in the organization, and the word Protestant introduced into the name of the institution. In 1853 an acre of land was donated by Rev. E. N". Sawtelle, on the corner of Kinsman street and Willson avenue, for the purposes of an asylum. A building was soon commenced, and was so far advanced in June, 1855, that the asylum family was removed to it from the dwelling house which it had for three years occu- pied. The reversionary interest in the land was sub- sequently released to the institution. An additional acre adjoining was afterwards purchased by the asy- lum. During the first ten years of its existence the asy- lum was mainly dependent upon collections in small amounts solicited by the ladies of the board person- ally, from door to door. Asmallpermanent fund was contributed by benevolent gentlemen of the city. In December, 1863, came the noble bequest of Captain Levi Sartwell, a gentleman who, in the course of a long residence in Cleveland, had by frugality and in- dustry amassed a competence, and who bequeathed bis whole property to the asylum. In 1877 and '78, Mr. Leonard Case donated vi-.lua- ble tracts of land, together amounting to four and one-fourth acres, on St. Clair street, as a site for a new asylum building, but the officers were, until 1878, in doubt as to the feasibility of incurring the expense of erecting a new building, when Mr. J. H. Wade generously donated to the society the sum of forty thousand dollars for that purpose. Plans were carefully prepared, and on the 30th day of September of that year the foundation was commenced. The work of building the new asylum is rapidly progress- ing, and when completed, it promises to be one of the most elegant and convenient buildmgs of its kind in the country. The surjDrise occasioned by these dona- tions had hardly passed when another gift was an- nounced from Dr. Alleyne Maynard, as a memorial of his wife, for the purpose of fitting up and main- tainiug the hospital department of the asylum. The bequest of Captain Sartwell, with the smaller gifts alluded to, constitute a permanent fund which is held by the trustees as a sacred trust, only the income of which is used for the current expenses of the asy- lum, and which is expended by the managers with watchful economy." The scope of the work at this institution embraces not only the care and maintainance of the orphans, but the provision of homes for them later on, among fam- ilies into which they are received as adopted children, and in which they are moderately certain to push for- ward the work, nobly begun by the asylum — the work, namely, of fitting themselves to become useful and valued members of society. The first president of the board of trustees was Hon. S. J. Andrews, who served in that capacity until 1869, when Mr. Philo Scovill was elected to that office. On the death of Mr. Scovill, in 1875, Mr. Joseph Perkins the present president, was elected. The officers of the asylum are as follows: Henry Chisholm, Joseph Perkins, J. H. Wade, board of trustees; officers of the board — Joseph Perkins, president; Dan. P. Eells, treasurer; A. H. Shunk, clerk. Managers — Mrs. S. M. Hanna, Mrs. Harvey Eice, Mrs. Henry Chisholm, Mrs. Moses Hill, Mrs. Jason Canfield, Mrs. William Rattle, Mrs. J. M. Hughes, Mrs. J. A. Harris, Mrs. Lorin Prentiss, Mrs. T. S. Paddock, Mrs. B. Rouse, Mrs. N. W. Taylor, Mrs. G. W. Jones, Mrs. John Pool, Mrs. A. T. Slade. The officers of the managers and asylum are Mrs. B. Rouse, president; Mrs. S. M. Hanna, vice president; Miss Annie Wa,lworth, secretary; Mr. A. H. Shunk, superintendent; Mrs. A. H. Shunk, matron; Miss M. J. Weaver and Mrs. 0. R. Wing, governesses; Dr. E. C. Thomas, physician. The asylum has at present seventy-five inmates. ST. vincmkt's orphan asylum. St. Vincent's was founded in the fall of 1852 by Rt. Rev. Amadeus Rappe, bishop of Cleveland, who, feel- ing the need of an orphan asylum in his diocese, called on the Sisters of Charity (Mother Ursula being then Superior) to take charge of the orphan boys. Very Rev. L. DeGoesbriant, vicar-general, entering warmly into the views of the bishop, made an appeal to the Catholics of the county in behalf of the or- phans. In the city, a fair was held for the same pur- pose. The efforts of the worthy bishop and his vicar were blessed with success. A framed house, of two stories, was erected near the dwelling place of the Sisters of Charity, and on the 20th of May, 1853, the first orphan boy was received in the new asylum. He was soon joined by others, but owing to the want of resources only eleven children were received previous to the 1st of January, 1854. During the ensuing year, however, forty-six were admitted. Four years later the number of children had so much increased that more accommodation was required, and in 1858 a large brick building was begun in the same location. -Cat J jjy A"3: fix:-'-"^^'^'' f^^-:-,'fh BENEVOLENT INSTITtTTIONS. 281 The new asylum was occupied in 1859, althougli not entirely completed; in fact, the right wing was not put up until 1865. In 1867 an addition was made to the main part in the rear of the chapel. The total cost has been a little over twenty-two thousand dollars. A large debt was incurred, but through the generosity of the Catholics of the diocese it has been entirely paid. The orphans received and cared for in this institution, down to January, 1879, numbered one thousand two hundred and seventy-two. At the present time one hundred and eighty boys are shel- tered beneath its roof. They are supported chiefly by annual donations from Catholic farmers, increased by the proceeds of fairs held yearly in the city in be- half of the orphans. JEWISH ORPHAlir ASYLUM. This institution was opened for the reception of orphan children September 39, 1868. The buildings and property formerly used as a Water Cure, on Wood- land avenue, were purchased, at a cost of near thirty- two thousand dollars. At the expiration of about six months the building used for worship and school pur- poses was enlarged, to meet the wants of the rapidly increasing number of children in the asylum. The first officers of the institution were as follows: A. Aub, president; A. Weiner, vice president; J. Rohr- heimer, treasurer; William Kriegshaber, secretary; Henry Greenbaum and Isidor Bush, trustees; L. Au- frecht, superintendent; Mrs. L. Aufrecht, matron. The number of children received during the first fiscal year was one hundred and thirty-three. The present number of inmates is two hundred and twenty- seven. These children coming from the districts two, six and seven, I.O.O.B., represented, in 1878, the following States, according to the number appended to each: Ohio, fifty-eight; Michigan, fourteen; Wis- consin, eleven; Minnesota, two; Illinois, twenty-nine; Indiana, seventeen; Kentuclcy, seventeen; Tennessee, twenty-six; Alabama, four; Mississippi, seven; Louis- iana, three; Arkansas, three; Kansas, tJiree; Missouri, twenty-six. There is now in course of erection a large and convenient school-building, sufficient to meet the necessities of the institution for many years to come. This building will cost, when completed, about twent.y thousand dollars. The financial situa- tion of the asylum is highly complimentary to those having charge of its affairs. The entire funds and investments of the institution amount to ninety-three thousand four hundred and twenty-four dollars and fifty-three cents. The present officers are as follows: A. Aub, presi- dent; A. Weiner, vice president; Jac. Rohrheimer, trWurer; Dr. S. Wolfenscein, seci'etary; Abram Hart, Gustavas Levi, David Adler, II. S. Ottenheimer, Lazard Kahn, M. Seelig, M. Ullman and L. A. Moss, trustees. The superintendent is L. Aufrecht; the matron is Mrs. L. Aufrecht; the physicians are Dr. M. Rosenwasser and Dr. Th. Parker. 36 HOME FOE THE AGED POOR. This institution, the ninth of its kind in this country, was founded by Rt. Rev. Amadeus Rappe, first bishop of Cleveland, in the year 1870. The Home is conducted by the members of the society of the Little Sisters of the Poor. The work of the "Little Sisters" began at St. Servan, a small town of Brittany, on the western coast of France. Their la- bors are carried on in this country precisely as they are in Europe. Every day the sisters call at the various hotels, restaurants and private houses, soliciting alms and collecting cold victuals, coffee-grounds, tea, old clothing, etc., all of which are turned to good use for the benefit of their aged inmates. There are at pres- ent one hundred inmates in the Home on Perry street, in this city, under charge of Mother St. Joseph, superior. THE HOUSE OF MATEEN-ITY. This is located on Marion street, and is conducted by the Sisters of Charity, of the Order of St. Augus- tine. Sister St. Joseph is the superior. CLEVELAI>rD BETHEL UNION. The society of the Cleveland Bethel Union was in- corporated January 31, 1867, for the purpose of car- rying on benevolent and mission work in the lower part of the city, and of establishing a home for sea- men, railroad men and other transient sojourners, where reasonable accommodations could be offered at a very moderate comjDensation. In 1868 the society purchased the building and premises on the corner of Superior and Union streets. This location is central, and the building and surroundings are admirably adapted to the charitable work of the union. The incorporators were eighteen in number, from whom nine trustees were chosen, viz. : Loren Prentiss, W. B. Guyles, W. B. Castle, Horace Benton, E. C. Pope, G. P. Burwell, G. IL Ely, J. D. Rockefeller and H. R. Hatch. The various departments or branches of work un- der control of the union, and directed by sub-commit- tees of the general organization, are: First, relief, under the management of the Bethel Relief Associa- tion; second, the Sunday school and mission work; third, the Bethel Home. The department of relief work was at the outset limited to the lower part of the city and to provision for transient cases in the Home, but the public be- came so accustomed to sending applicants for help to the society that in March, 1873, this work was made to embrace the whole city; aiming to dispense with some of the many relief societies by having one cen- tral organization, through which all distributions should be made. This branch was accordingly placed under the charge of a large committee of ladies and gentlemen, with visiting committees for each ward, and a sub-committee having charge of the work in detail. At the Home, rooms have been prepared for dis- 382 THE OITY OP CLEVELAND. tribution of clothing and supplies, and for furnishing nourishing refreshments to the destitute poor during the winter months. An employment office has also been opened, and every effort is made to provide situations for all worthy applicants. A temporary home for women and girlsj and free bunk lodgings for men of worthy character applying for shelter, have been provided. The relief department is under charge of Samuel Job, superintendent, who has acceptably filled that posi- tion since 1873. This work of relief is confined to the worthy poor, not otherwise provided for, who through sickness, accident or other misfortune, require temporary s- sistance. The plan and principles acted upon have proved eminently successful, and the results are ac- knowledged as examples of efficient and well-directed benevolence. The principal mission work of the Union is devoted to a Sabbath school, gathered mainly from among the poor, having an average attendance of about five hundred. A committee of ladies hold weekly meet- ings during the spring, fall and winter months, and distribute clothing to the needy children of the school. A girls' sewing school, with an average attendance of about one hundred, meets every Saturday afternoon during the winter. In addition to these, and as a part of the mission work families are visited, devotional exercises are held at the Home at least twice each week, and the subjects of personal religion, temper- ance and uprightness are earnestly presented. The Home department comprises the general man- agement of the Bethel building, on the corner of Su- perior and Union streets, under the superintendence of Thomas Braggins. The revenue derived from the rent of the lower portion of the building is used for the purpose of the Union. The dining-room depart- ment is more than self-sustaining. A library, with a moderate supply of books, has been provided for the use of the patrons of the home. At the time of the organization^of the Union, Loren Prentiss was elected president, and has occupied that position without intermission to the present day. The present officers of the Union are as follows: Loren Prentiss, president; E. 0. Pope, secretary; C. W. Lepper, treasurer; L. Prentiss, G. E. Herrick, W. H. Harris, W. B. Guyles, D. P. Eells, executive committee; L. Prentiss, H. E. Hatch, D. P. Eells, Dr. H. Houltz, G. E. Herrick, E. P. Morgan, T. d! Crocker, W. B. Guyles, S. L. Severance, George P. Burwell, Rev. E. Dubbs, William Bowler, W. H. Doan, Samuel Audrews, W. H. Harris, trustees. YOUSTG men's christian ASSOCIATION. About 1850 a Young Men's Christian Association was organized in Cleveland, and fixed its location on Superior street where commodious reading rooms, a valuable library, etc., offered many advantages to the rising youth, and conferred numerous benefits on the community. The association flourished until the breaking out of the war for the Union, when, as nearly all of the members entered the military service, the society lapsed into inactivity and finally became de- funct. Soon after the close of the war, however, in 1866, the present Young Men's Christian Association was organized, and occupies to-day a very prominent place among similar organizations in America. In 1872 the association purchased the building No. 79, north side of Monumental Square, and has occupied it since that time. It is neatly and conveniently furnished, with chapel, reading rooms and music rooms, parlors, committee rooms, etc. There is a free reading room for the public, as well as one for the members. Union prayer meetings are held daily at noon, and young men's prayer meetings every Saturday evening. This association was the first one of its kind to en- gage in special work on behalf of railway employees; in 1872, it opened in the Union Passenger Depot at Cleveland a railway reading room, which still serves many valuable pui-poses. Connected also with the association is the Newsboys' and Bootblacks' Home, whei'e these youthful laborers are not only lodged, hut taught in Sunday and night schools — a most worthy and commendable work. The officers of the associ- ation for 1879 are J. B. Meriam, president; C. J. Dockstader, corresponding secretary; G. W. Crozier, recording secretary; T. M. Irwin, registering secre- tary; 0. H. Fuller, treasurer. women's CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. On the 20th of October, 1868, at the close of the State convention of the Young Men's Christian Association, the president, Mr. H. T. Miller, issued a call request- ing the Christian women of Cleveland to meet and form a society "which slionld do for women as the Young Men's Association was doing for men." The response was general and hearty; so large was the meeting that the old hall at the corner of Superior and Seneca streets was crowed to its utmost capacity. Three weeks later an adjourned meeting was held, at which the society was formally organized. The first official directory of the "Women's Chris- tian Association" reads as follows: Miss Sarah E. Fitch president; Mrs. 0. E. Huntington, Mrs. Geo. W. Whitney, Mrs. Ira Clark, Mrs. S. F. Smith, Mrs. C. W. Lepper, Mrs. Jno. Coon, vice presidents; Mrs. A. W. Fairbanks, corresponding secretary; Mrs. C. E. Bolton, recording secretary; Miss Ann White, treasurer; Mrs. L. Austin, Mrs. Jas. Barnett, Miss May E. Baldwin, Mrs. L. F. Mellen, Mrs. D. P. Eells, Mrs. A. T. Osborn, Mrs. W. H. Keith, Mrs. W. P. Cooke, Mrs. D. Houtz, Mrs. W. Mittleberger, Mrs. 0. B. Skinner, Mrs. Geo. Pusley, Mrs. George L. Chapman, Mrs. S. H. Sheldon, Mrs. P. B. Clapp,' Mrs. James W. Clark, directors. In April, 1869, the Association was regularly in- corporated under an act passed March 30, 1864, en- titled "an act for the relief of benevolent and char- itable associations managed by women." In 1878 the BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 283 increased work required additional measures of secu- rity, and a special act of the legislature was passed for that purpose. The first practical work was the organiziition of a committee for missionary labor. This committee now numbers twelve ladies, to each of whom special duties are assigned. One cares for the Sabbath visitations at the City Hospital, and another at the Huron street Hospital; two on alternate Saturdays visit the Work- house, where prayer is offered, hymns sung and Bible lessons explained. Three members make semi- monthly visits to the Infirmary, to read the Bible and give religious instructions. Two others conduct weekly prayer-meetings at the Retreat. A mother's meeting was established in February, 1876, and is held each Friday afternoon in the chapel of the Young Men's Christian Association. Here garmeiits are made and sold at a low price. The establishment of a Provident Fund is one of the recent measures adopted by the association. Each poor woman is encouraged to place, each week, in the hands of one of the ladies, such a sum as she njay be able to save from her earnings, of which an account is kept, and the amount is held for her benefit in case of need. The Boarding Home. — Early in the history of the the association, the conviction was forced upon its members of the necessity of establishing a boarding home, where respectable young women, dependent upon their own exertions, could find shelter, protec- tion and the influences of a Christian home. The committee for that purpose, in the winter of 1868-9, made temporary arrangement with a woman on Lake street, to receive such girls into her house at a moderate compensation. In the spring of 1809 Mr. Stillman Witt purchased for the association property on Walnut street, for the purpose of a home. Other citizens contributed liberally, and the building was enlarged, repaired and adapted to the uses intended. Churches and individuals provided for its furnishing, and on the 11th of November following it was ready for occupancy. In the spring of 1872 Mr. Witt pur- chased the lot adjoining, and by the erection of a new front the capacity of the building was increased from twenty to more than forty. These apartments are conveniently arranged and neatly furnished. The price of board ranges from three to four and one-half dollars per week. The Retreat. — Another institution maintained by the association, is the "Retreat," which was opened in June, 1867, at 267 Perry street, where it contmued four' years. The rent of the house was paid during these years by Mr. Joseph Perkins. In August, 1873, Mr. Leonard Case presented to the association a large lot of land on St. Clair street, better adapted for the purposes of a Retreat than the Perry street property. For the purpose of constructing a substantial build- ing, Mr. Perkins then contributed ten thousand dol- lars. By means of this gift, and by the assistance of other generous friends, the present healthful and at- tractive structure was erected, being presented, free of debt, to the association in November, 1873. Tlie Earnest Worker. — In the spring of 1874, the Committee on Ways and Means decided to publish a monthly paper, having in view two objects: To es- tablish a medium of communication, which the grow- ing work of the association demanded, and to secure a source of revenue. The first number of the Earnest Worker accord- ingly appeared in June following. A br!fef notice of it will be found in the "Press" chapter of the general history. '' Home for Aged Women. — Another important work conducted by the association is the management of the Home for Aged Women on Kennard street. In the latter part of 1876 a commodious building was erected by Mr. Amasa Stone, and conveyed to five trustees, to be used as a home for aged Protestant women. The management of this institution and an annual income of one thousand dollars, also provided by Mr. Stone, were ofEered to the association and ac- cepted. An executive committee of seven ladies, from as many Protestant churches, was appointed to take general charge of the Home. This house like the others has been beautifully furnished by churches and individuals. It was formally opened July 14, 1877. From the organization of the Women's Christian Association to the present time. Miss Sarah Fitch has held the position of president. The present ofiicers of the association are as fol- lows: Miss Sarah E. Fitch, president; Mrs. Lewis Burton, Mrs. R. R. Sloan, Mrs. J. R. Mills, Mrs. S. W. Adams, Mrs. B. Curtis, Mrs. J. R. Twitchell, vice presidents; Mrs. William W. Butler, recording secretary; Mrs. William M. Meriam, corresponding secretary; Miss C. M. Leonard, treasurer; Mrs. L. Austin, Mrs. J. Barnett, Mrs. L. 0. Coman, Mrs. D. P. Eells, Mrs. James Galbraith, Mrs. 0. E. Hunting- ton, Mrs. H. M. Ingham, Miss R. H. Selden, Mrs. M. P. Adams, Mrs. B. W. Jenness, Mrs. 0. W. Lepper, Mrs. B. T. Noakes, Mrs. A. A. Nelson, Mrs. W. S. Porter, Mrs. J, S. Prather, Mrs. A. H. Potter, Mrs. William Sabin, Mrs. E. C. Standart, Mrs. G. B. Senter, Miss A. Walworth, Mrs. A. A. Thome, Mrs. George Whitney, Mrs. S. Williamson, Mrs. Horace Wilkins, directors; Joseph Perkins, Henry Ohisholm, D. P. Bells, John Thomas, Dr. W. S. Strea- torand Samuel E. Williamson, trustees; Col. H. Har- ris, auditor. women's christian tempeeanoe league. This truly benevolent society was organized on the 13th day of March, 1874. The purposes of the League are xery appropriately expressed in the pledge adopted by the organization, which reads as follows: "We, the Christian women of Cleveland, feeling that the use of intoxicating liquors has reached a de- gree no longer to be endured, do promise, by the help of God, to use our utmost endeavors to banish this 2S4 THE CftTY OF CLEVELAND. evil from our midst, and, in order tliat our work may be more thoroughly done, we form the Women's Tem- perance League of Cleveland. And we hereby pledge ourselves to discourage, in all possible ways, tlie use of anything which can intoxicate; and, in order to strengthen our influence in this regard, we promise not to use wine, beer, or any distilled licpiors, as a beverage, and not to furnish them for social enter- tainments." First in order of importance are the three Friendly Inns, under the control of the League, besides which there are three others which are conducted independ- ently. All are located advantageously for the work. Connected with five of the six are restaurant and lodging departments, where needy or intemperate men, desiring to reform their lives, can find good meals and comfortable beds at low prices. The Inns under control of the League are the River Street Friendly Inn, organized April 'Zi, 1874, by the River Street Praying Band; the St. Clair Street Friendly Inn, organized June 15, 1874, by the ladies of the Fifth and Seventh Ward Praying Bands, and the Central Place Frienly Inn, organized September 7, 1874. Auxiliary to the League, and directly and in- directly connected with it as the increase and out- growth of the League work, are the following organ- izations: The East Cleveland reading and morning prayer-meeting room, ' established April, 1874; the Colliuwood chapel, organized with a Sabbath school May 5, 1874; the East Madison avenue chapel, built during the summer of 1875; the Ontario street taber- nacle, built for promotion of the temperance work by W. n. Doan; the "Doan Guards," a military tem- perance body, organized in 1874; the '-'Eighteenth Ward Friendly Inn, organized -in 1875; the South Side Friendly Home, opened January 1, 1875; the Pearl Street Friendly Inn, organized February 17, 1876; the " Society of Yoke Fellows," "rescued," as their constitution saj's, "from the vice of intemper- ance, through the mercy of God and the prayers of Christians," which was formed in March, 1877, and now has a membership of one hundred and twenty- five; the "Open Door," an institution founded by several ladies of the Central Inn Committee, July 3, 1877, which grew out of the necessities of temperance work among the wretched women of that neighbor- hood, and in which, since its establisliment, one hun- dred and seventy-five of the neediest class of women have received temporary help and shelter. The following are the present officers of the League: ilrs. J. S. Prather, president; Mrs. Horatio C. Ford, Mrs. George Worthington, Mrs. E. H. Adams, Miss F. Jennie Duty, vice presidents; Miss M. E. Inger- soll, recording secretary; Miss F. Jennie Duty, cor- responding secretary; Mrs. A. H. Potter, treasurer. COirVEXT OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD. The monastery of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd of Angus was founded July 31, 1839, and was established as a generalship by Pope Gregory XVI. July 9, 1845. The convent at Cleveland was founded by Rt. Rev. Amadeus Rappe, bishop of the diocese, on the 23d of July, 1869. For the first six years its work was conducted in a dwelling house. No. 397 Lake street. In 1875 the large convent building on Sterling avenue was completed and occupied. The institution is intended as a refoi'niatory for women and a protectory for children, under the gov- ernment of a superior and thirteen cloistered and seven out-door sisters. The inmates at present num- ber ninety-eight, of whom thirty-seven are in the children's department; forty-seven are in the reform- atory and fourteen are magdalenes. The convent is maintained by the industry of its inmates. Mother Mary of St. Alphonse is the present superior. eikemen's belief association. During the month of February, 1868, a meeting of the Cleveland Fire Department was called at the chief engineer's office, having for its object the better protection of its members against accident or sickness. The members had tried for several years the plan of accidental insurance, which only protected them against accident, while the life of a fireman is not only one of constant danger and severe toil, but one which in a few years breaks down the hardiest con- stitution or produces early death. After several preliminary meetings a plan of organization was ar- ranged, and a constitution adopted for the govern- ment of the society, which was to be known as the Cleveland Firemen's Relief Association. At the or- ganization sixty members of the department signed the constitution and became members of the associa- tion. James Hill was elected president; Edward Lindsay, treasurer, and Samuel Brown, secretary. By section seven of article four of the constitution it is provided that the proper officers shall visit and attend to the wants of the sick members, and report to the i^resident, or in his absence to the vice presi- dent, who may cause a weekly order to be drawn on the treasurer to the amount of ten dollars per week, for a period of twenty six weeks, or until recovery, provided the claimant furnishes a certificate from his attending physician, or from the surgeon of the asso- ciation (if demanded by the president) to the effect that he is incapable of performing service. Section one of article six provides that the officers are authorized to grant relief to widows or children of deceased members when the finances of the association will warrant it. Section two of the same article says: "On the death of any member, the association shall appropriate a sufficient sum for burial expenses." The fund from which this payment is made is raised by fees, dues, assessments and voluntary contribu- tions. The present officers of the association are as follows: John A. Bennett, president; Warren P. Knowles, vice president; Prank A. Mears, secretary; Charles T. Girard, treasurer. THE MASONS. 385 ST. maky's oephan (gikls) asylum. This benevolent institution (located on Harmon street) was founded about the year 1851, and is under the immediate charge of an order of nuns known as the Sacred Heart of St. Mary — Miss Mary Le Masson being the superior. The asylum building is a three- story brick structure with accommodations for about one hundred inmates, which is the average number provided for. Children between the ages of five and sixteen are received, and trained in sphool studies and household duties. When arrived at the proper age, they^are placed in comfortable homes where asylum experience fits them to maintain themselves. ST. Joseph's orphan asylum, on Woodland avenue, is an adjunct of the Harmon Street Asylum, and is under the same management. The ages of inmates received here range from two to eight years, and being instructed and carefully reared there are, at the age of nine, transferred to St. Mary's Asylum. Both institutions, it may be observed, are supported by public donations and the earnings of the inmates of St. Mary's. CHAPTBE LVII. THE MASONS. Cleveland City Lodge— Iris Lodge— Bigelow Lodge— Concordia Lodge— Tyrian Lodge— Newburg Lodge— Forest City Lodge— West Side Lodge — Ellsworth Lodge — Woodward Lodge — Webb Chapter — Thatcher Chapter— Baker Chapter— Cleveland Council— Oriental Com- mandery— Holyrood Commandery— Eliadah Grand Lodge of Perfec- tion— Bahurim Council — Princes of Jerusalem — Ariel Chapter— Al Koran Temple. CLEVELAND CITY LODGE. The charter of Cleveland City Lodge No. 15, Pand A. M., was granted September 31, 1841. The first meeting was held September 28, 1841, when the fol- lowing officers were elected : Clifford Belden, W. M. ; Andrew White, S. W.; Willard Crawford, J. W.; Edmund Clark, treasurer; Erastus Smith, secretary. The persons elected to the office of Worshipful Mas- ter with their terms of service, have been as follows: Clifford Belden, 1841; Timothy Ingraham, 1842-E-4; W. T. Goodwin, 1845-6-8-9-53-54; H. H. Dodge, 1847; A. D. Bigelow, 1850-1; S. E. Adams, 1853; E. K. Benton, 1855-8; Peter Caul, 1856; C. Benton, 1857; C. A. Woodward, 1859-60-69-70; G. H. Adams, 1861-3-7-8-73; M. L. Eider, 1863-4-5; Joseph Bell, 1866; M. Eobinson, 1871-3; William McFarland; George Hester, 1875-6-7; C. E. Butler, 1878. The present officers of the lodge are L. P. Eldridge, W. M.; D. M. Calkins, S. W.; G. H. Eobinson, J. W. ; C, A. Woodward, treasurer; J. C. Wagner, sec- retary; A. Bwart, S. D.; E. Noble, S. D.; T. J. Towson, tyler; M. Cleave and E. Gray, stewards; L. P. Eldridge, organist; George H. Adams, trustee. The membership numbers two hundred and thirty persons. Stated communications are held in Masonic Hall, Case block, on the first and third Tuesdays of each month. IRIS LODGE. This society, No. 339, P and A M, was organized October 33, 1853. The first officers were A. D. Bige- low, W. M.; W. H. Beaumont, S. W.; Eobert Eeiley, J. W. The names of the Past Masters, since the or- ganization, have been as follows: A. D. Bigelow, E. E. Griswold, H. A. Hough, E. Creighton, H. C. Eanney, P. Thatcher, Jr., G. H. Burt, E. A. Hop- kins, George W. Berry, Allan T. Brinsmado, B. D. Bab- cock, Eobert Harding, J. M. Booth, Samuel Briggs. The following are the present officers: E. D. Page, W. M.; N. W. Chamberlain, S. W.; J. 0. Heath, J. W.; Thomas Larter, S. D.; C. D. Collins, J. D.; George A. Wright, treasurer; 0. H. Garstin, secre- tary; W. A. Lyon, tyler. This lodge is the largest in the State, having a mem- bership of three hundred, and is gradually increas- ing in numbers. The meetings are held on theseeond and fourth Mondays of each month in Masonic Hall, Case block. BIGELOW LODGE. Bigelow Lodge, No. 34.S, P. and A. M., was organ- ized under a warrant or dispensation October 30, 1853, but was not granted a charter until October 17, 1854. The first officers were: Gaston G. Allen, W. M.; Samuel W. Odell, S. W.; Alonzo Eldridge, J. W.; C. C. Stevens, S. D.; Stephen Buhrer, J. D.; H. L. Whitman, treasurer; A. H. Dubrey, secretary; L. W. Wollenneber, tyler. \ The following members have served as Worshipful Masters, with the terms of service of each: G. G. Allen, October 30, 1853, to December 34, 1856; Alonzo Eldridge, December, 1856, to December, 1857; G. G. Allen, December, 1857, to December, 1858; Stephen Buhrer, 1858 to 1859; Gaston G. Allen, 1859 to 1860; A. V. Cannon, 1860 to 1801; Gaston G. Allen, 1861 to 1863; Stephen P. Langell, 1863 to 1864; Gaston G. Allen, 1864 to 1865; L. D. Hudson, 1865 to 1866; P. W. Pelton, 1866 to 1867; Joseph H. Johnson, 1867 to 1868; Wm. H. Eadcliff, 1868 to 1869; William Lawtey, 1869 to 1870; P. T. Hasbrouck, 1870 to 1871; H. P. Percival, 1871 to 1873; Thomas Connors, 1873 to 1873; Eobert Simpson, 1873 to 1874; E. W. Johnson, 1874 to 1875; Ciiarles Luck, 1875 to 1876; C. G. Guilford, 1876 to 1877; S. P. Langell, 1877 to 1878; B. Saunders, December, 1878, to December, 1879. The present officers of the lodge are Benjamin Saunders, W. M.; J. P. Armstrong, S. W.; J. Car- lisle, J. W. ; E. L. Willard, treasurer; H. E. Chubb, secretary; Thomas Allen, S. D.; Judson Pratt, J. D.; William Caldwell, tyler. This lodge has a membership of two hundred and two. Stated communications are held in Masonic 386 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. hall, Franklin avenue, the second and fourth Wednes- days of each month. CONCORDIA LODGE. Concordia Lodge, No. 345, F. and A. M., (German) was organized October 31, 18C3, but did not receive a charter until 1864. On October 18, 1864, the lodge was regularly organized under their charter, and the following persons elected to their respective offices: Joseph Singer, W. M.; C. P. Born, S. W. ; C. A. Muerman, J. W.; E. Hessenmueller, treasurer; Wil- liam Buerger, secretary; William Schmidt, S. D. ; A. Eckerman, J. D.; Charles Mueller, tyler. Since the organization the Worshipful Masters have been as follows: Joseph Singer, 1864-5; William Schmidt, 1866; E. Hessenmueller, 1867-8-9; C. A. Mnerman, 1870-1; Charles Leypoldt, 1872-3-4; E. Hessenmueller, 1875; Joseph Bittel, 1876-7; H. F. Leypoldt, 1878. The officers for 1879 are as follows: H. F. Leypoldt, W. M.; 0. A. Kiiecht, S. W.; G. A. Schlatterbeck, J. W. ; F. Kemmer, treasurer; William Wagner, sec- retary; M. Bertsch, S. D.; A. Meinicke, J. D.; Charles Heller, tyler. This lodge numbers one hundred and two members, and meets semi-monthly on the first and third Fridays in Masonic hall. Case block. TYEIAN LODGE. Tyrian Lodge, No. 370, was organized July 11, 1866, with the following charter members: E. A. Hopkins, G. N. Crittenden, Geo. H. Vilas, Eli Ely, M. L. Rider, J. B. Parsons, G. L. Childs, D. E. Wright and W. H. Huntington. The members now number ninety, and the officers for 1879 ai'e H. R. Leonard, M.M.; W. J. Alcers, S.W. ;H. D. Robison, J. W. ; J. B. Parsons, treasurer; George L. Childs, secretary; James Hossack, S.D. ; J.D. ; C. E. Burke, tyler; Rev. John Wesley Brown, chaplain; Charles C. Bolton and William G. Alcott, stewards; George W. Short, marshal; and Charles A. W. Rice, organist. Stated communications are held in Masonic Hall, on the second and fourth Wednesdays of each month. NEWBUEG LODGE. This society (No. 379, F. & A.M.), was organized in October, 1866. The charter was obtained October 16, 1867, with the following charter members: W. R. Seager, W.M.; H. Tone, S.W.; J. H. Brown, J. W. ; M. R. Hughes, secretary. The succession of Wor- shipful M.isters has been as follows: W. R. Seager ISO'.i; A. D. Kent, 1870-71-73-75; T. L. Dwyer' 18T2; W. L. Lord, 1874; H. Botton, 1876; C. H. Palmer, 1877-8. The present membership numbers one hundred and twenty. The officers for 1879 are as follows: M. L Richards, W.M.; F. W. Cochran, S.W.; W. A. Affleck, J.W.; J. B. Corlett, treasurer; A. D. Kent, secretary; A. Barber, S.D.; F. K. Reede, J.D.; John Nesbit, tyler. The lodge meets the first and third Fridays in each month, in Bank Building, Eighteenth Ward. FOREST CITY LODGE. Forest City Lodge No. 388, F. and A. M., was or- ganized in March, 1867. Down to that time there was only one Masonic Lodge on the West side of the river, viz., Bigelow, which was working what is known as the " Old Work " instead of that adopted and recognized by the Grand Lodge of Ohio, and known as the "Uniform Work." A desire on the part of a number of Masons, then j'esidents of the West Side, to organize a lodge which should adoj^t and use the new work, led to the drafting and circu- lating of a petition, which was signed by the follow- ing named brothers: Elisha T. Ellsworth, L. C. Mat- thews, P. A. Searles, Abner Royce, Henry Richard- son, Thojnas Ligget, George Presley^ George E. Hartwell, Henry Fish, Lorenzo Warner, Stephen D. Phelps, Robert Wallace, Alfred Bolton, T. P. Wilson, George H. Safford. They met in the old Masonic hall on Franklin avenue, near the circle, where the name the lodge now bears was duly adopted. The then Most WorshiiJful Grand Master of Ohio, Thom- as Sparrow, granted a dispensation dated March 28, 1867, and appointed Elisha T. Ellsworth, who was a Past Master of Meridian Sun Lodge, of West Rich- field, Ohio, to be the first Worshipful Master of For- est City Lodge. Major Henry Richardson was ap- pointed senior warden, and Robert Wallace junior warden. The following were chosen to the offices ap- l^ended to their respective names at a communication held in the old Bigelow lodge room March 30, 1867: George Presley, treasurer; Abner Royce, secretary; George E. Hartwell, senior deacon; Thomas Ligget, junior deacon, and S. D. Phelps, tyler. At the same time a code of by-laws was adopted, which com- pleted the organization of Forest City Lodge under its first officers authorized by dispensation, and until the meeting of the Grand Lodge at Cincinnati, Ohio, October 15, 1867, when a charter was granted. At the stated communication held in December of that year, Elisha T. Ellsworth was elected and installed the first Worshipful Master under the charter. He was a most earnest mason and a wise leader, to whom the fraternity in general is greatly indebted, and to whom Forest City Lodge in particular owes a great part of its success. The following is a complete list of the Past Masters of the Lodge: E. T. Ellsworth, under dispensation, from March 38, 1867, to December 9, 1867; E. T. Ells- worth, elected December 9, 1867; George E. Hartnell, December 14, 1868; S. D. Phelps, December 13, 1869; Abner Royce, December 12, 1870; George A. Bemis, December 11, 1871; Prank Brewster, December 9, 1873; E. T. Ellsworth, re-elected December 13, 1873; E. T. Ellsworth, re-elected December 16, 1874; E. J. Blandin, December 15, 1876; L. C. Matthews, De- cember 30, 1876; L. A. Willson, December 19, 1877- THE MASOKS. 387 W. T. Robbing, December 18, 1878. Present num- ber of members sixty-five. Stated communications held in Masonic Hall, Case block, on theflrstandthird Wednesdays of each month. The following are the present officers: W. T. Rob- bins, W. M.; David Morison, S. W.; 8. S. West, J. W. ; Franli Brewster, treasurer; Ed. B. Bander, sec- retary; M. J. Lawrence, S. D. ; B. Dettlebach, J. D.; Rev. A. R. Palmer, chaplain; J. E. Bryan, W. 0. Pair, stewards; M. Buclimann, tyler. WEST SIDE LODGE. West Side Lodge No. 498 was organized under dis- pensation December 38, 1874, and under charter November 8, 1875, with forty-two charter members, including the following officers: P. W. Pelton, W. M.; E. R. Goodrich, S.W.; S. J. Lewis, J.W.; S. 0. Lewis, treasurer; Prank Wright, secretary; Geo. H. Willis, S.D.; Geo. W. Glines, J.D.; M. P. McGregor, steward; Michael App, steward; Edward Lindsley, tyler. Stated meetings are held on the second and fourth Mondays of each month, in Probeck's Hall, West Side. The officers for 1879 were M. P. McGregor, W.M.; M. P. Ellis, S.W.; L. W. Day, J.W.; Geo. W. Glines, treasurer; Prank Wright, secretary; Thos. Ligget, S.D.; C. H. Morgan, J.D. ; L. T. Dennison, tyler. ELLSWORTH LODGE. Ellsworth Lodge No. 505 was organized in 1865, and has now a membership of sixty. The lodge meets at its hall in Miller's Block, South Side, on the second, and fourth Thursdays of each month. The officers for 1879 were C. J. Forbes, W.M.; J. H. Nixon, S. W. ; Wm. Cullen, J.W. ; J. 0. Hemmeter, treasurer; Wm. Norsworthy, secretary; Daniel Postance, S.D.; G. L. Pierce, J.D.; W. W. Hathaway and John Norsworthy, stewards; Chas. Bierer, marshal; W. A. Lathrop, tyler. WOODWAED LODGE. Woodward Lodge No. 508, P. and A. M., was or- ganized under dispensation March 4, 1875, but did not receive a charter until October following. The first officers were: George A. Bemis, W. M.; C. H. Ostrander, S. W.; Hugh Buckley, J. W.; B. M. Avery, S. D. ; W. A. NefE, J. D. ; A. H. Stone, treas- urer; W. J. Bradshaw, secretary; G. B. Hendershot, tyler. The persons elected to the position of Worshipful Master since organization have been as follows: G. A. Bemus, 1876; Hugh Buckley, 1876; 0. P. Gibbs, 1877. All officers are elected annually. Stated com- munications are held on the second and fourth Wednesday of each month at No. 1938 Euclid ave- nue. This lodge numbers at present fifty-nine mem- bers. The present officers are: George A. Bemis, W. M.; H. P. Atwood, S. W.; H. C. White, J. W.; A. H, Stone, treasurer; W. J. Bradshaw, secretary; L. B. Snow, S. D. ; H. 0. Ferris, J. D. ; Z. R. Cornwall and M. B. Gary, stewards; G. B. Hendershot, tyler. WEBB 'CHAPTEK. The organization of Webb Chapter No. 14, Royal Arch Masons, dates from the 18th of January, 1826, A. Inv. 3356, when a petition was presented to the State Grand Chapter for a dispensation. This being granted, Reuben Smith was appointed high priest; Comp. J. Hubbell, K; Comp. Matthew Williams, scribe. The first regular meeting under this warrant was held February 16, 1836, at Comp. D. Mcintosh's Hall, when six bretliren were advanced to the degree of mark master. On the 31st of February the M. E. H. P. appointed Comp. M. Oviatt, secretary. At the meeting held December 13, 1836, the chapter elected the following officers. R. Smith, H. P; M. Oviatt, K. ; A. Abel, S. On January 8, 1838, the chapter finally succumbed to the anti-masonic excitement and was not revived until January 33, 1843, when it was again opened under the authority of a dispensation appointing A. D. Smith, H. P.; T. A. Ingraham, K. ; S. P. Clary, S. The succession of High Priests has- been Reuben Smith, 1836, temporary appointee, afterwards at an- nual election in December was elected for one year; J. Sizer, 1837; A. D. Smith, 1843, under appointment January 33, 1843; T. A. Ingraham elected October 37, 1843, to serve until December following. S. P. Clary, 1843 to 1853; H. C. Kingsley, 1853; R. P. Spaulding, 1853; B. R. Griswold, 1854; R. Creigh- ton, 1855; 0. A. Hough, 1856; Peter Thatcher, 1857 -8; A. 0. McNairy, 1859-60-1-3; Charles A. Wood- ward, 1863-4-5-6-7; E. A. Hopkins, 1868; George H. Adams, 1869-70; E. B. Chamberlain, 1871; C. A. Woodward, 1873-3; G. W. Berry, 1874-5; W. B. Hillman, 1876; George A Wright, 1877-8-9. The present officers are George A. Wright, M. E. H. P.; James R. Goldson, E. K. ; Charles R. Butler, E. S. ; William Wilkshire, C. H.; L. A. Willson, P. S.; Thomas Larter, R. A. C. ; M. J. Lawrence, G. M. 3d v.; John H. Asplin, G. M. 3d V.; C. D. Collins, G. M. 1st v.; C. E. Stanley, treasurer; Sam. Briggs, secretary; Wm. A. Lyon, guard. Present number of members three hundred and fifty. Stated convocations are held in Masonic Hall, Case block, on the first and third Thursdays of each month. THATCHEE CHAPTEE. Thatcher Chapter, No. 101, of Royal Arch Masons, working under authority of a warrant or dispensation granted by the Grand High Priest of the Grand Chap- ter of Ohio, was organized April 35, 1867, having twenty-two charter members. The first officers were as follows: Peter Thatcher, M. E. H. P.; E. T. Ells- worth, E. K. ; P. W. Pelton, E. S. The succession of M. E. H. P., from organization, is as follows: Peter Thatcher, 1867; E. T. Ellsworth, 288 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. 18G8-9; F. TV. Pelton, 1870; J. E. Robinsou, 1871; S. F. Langell, 1873; IT. F. Percival, 1873; J. M. Thorpe, 1874; George A. Bemis, 1875; AV. IL Ead- cliff, 187fi; 0. H. Ostrander, 1877; E. E. Goodrich, 1878; G. G. Allen, 1879. Stated convocations are held in Masonic Hall, Frank- lin avenue, on the second and fourth Fridays of each month. The Chapter has at present two hundred and seven members. The present officers are G. G. Allen, M. E. II. P.; i[. P. :\IcGregor, E. K.; L. T. Dennison, E. S.; M. App, C. n.; F. McNcss, P. S.; T. Liggett, E. A. C. ; J. C. Weideman, treasurer; J. H. Snow, secretary; 0. G. Williams, G. U. 3d V.; T. S. Ingra- ham, G. M. 2d Y.; A. Andrews, 6. M. IstV.; W. Caldwell, guard. BAKEE CHAPTER. Baker Chapter N"o. 139, E. A. M., was organized January 1, 1875, with ten charter members. Stated convocations are held in Masonic Hall on Broadway, on the second and fourth Tuesdays of each month. The lodge has now a membership of sixty, and is in a flourishing condition. The officers for 1879 were C. P. Jewett, il. E. H. P.; E. I. Freeman, B. K.; J. D. Eunals, E. S.; G. E. Dunbar, C. H,; C. L. Heath, P. S.; J. B. Coriett, E. A. C. ; Prank Cler- mond, G. M. 3rd Y.; Elias Shepard, G. M. 2nd Y. ; W. H. Lamprecht, G. M. 1st Y, ; G. G. Hick- ox, treasurer; H. P. Brown, secretary; A. J. Wells, guard. CLEVELAU'D COUNOIL. Cleveland Council No. 30, E. and S. M., was or- ganized January 21, 1865, with the following officers: E. A. Hopkins, T. L M.; C. A. Wood ward, D. M.; G. H. Adams, P. C. W.; Edward Bndwig, treasurer; D. E. Field, recorder; G.W. Bei-ry, C. G. The chief presiding officers down to 1870 liave been E. A. Hoi> kins, C. A. Woodward, 0. Hay ward, G. W. Berry and G. A. Wright. The officers for 1879 are George A. Wright, T. I. M.; 0. Hayward, D. M.; William Wilkshire, P. C. W.; C. A. Woodward, treasurer; C. D. Collins, re- corder; L. A. Willson, C. G. Tlie membership in August, 1870, was two hundred and three. Stated assemblies are held in .Masonic hall. Case block, oh the second Tuesday of each month. ORIENTAL COMJrAXDERY. Oriental Commandery No. 12, Knights Templar, was organized July 35, 1851, with the following per- sons as the first officers: A. D. Bigelow, W. H. Beau- mont, E. Kingsley, Eobei't Rilov, Jr., H. A. Hough, Eobert Eiley, Sr., J. W. Milligan. The chief officers with their terms of service have been as follows: A. D. Bigelow, Eminent Commander, 1851-3-3; W. H. Beaumont, 1854; Edward E. Gris- wold, 1855-6-7; Richard Creighton, 1858-9-60; Albert C. McNairy, 1861; Hemau Ely, 1862-3-4-5; Edgar A. Hopkins, 1866-7; Charles A. Woodward, 1868-9; Elisha T. Ellsworth, 1870-1; B. D. Babcock, 1872- 3-4; G. H. Adams, 1875; B. D. Babcock, 1876-7; J. M. Booth, 1878. Stated assemblies are held in the asylum, Case block, on the first Monday of each month. The present membership numbers two hundred and fifty. The officers for the year 1879, are as follows: Sir C. E, Stanley, E. C. ; Sir S. Sickels, Gen. ; Sir J. N. Frazee, Capt. Gen.; Eev. Sir. J. J. A. Morgan, Prelate; Sir A. S. Houk, S. W.; Sir J. W. Gibbons, J. W.; Sir G. A. Wright, Treas.; Sir S. M. Stone, Eec; Sir Geo. Sherman, standard bearer; Sir J. E. Golson; sword bearer; Sir M. D. Luehrs, warder; Sir W. A. Lyon, sentinel; Sir E. D. Page, Sir C. E. Butler, Sir Thos. Liggett, guards. HOLTEOOD COMMANDERY. This Commandery (No. 32, Knights Templar) was granted a dispensation September 10, 1877, and or- ganized January 26, 1878, working under dispensa- tion until November 8, 1878, when the commandery was duly constituted. Its officers are George A. Baker, eminent com- mander; Samuel Briggs, generalissimo; George W. Short, captain general; A. C. Miller, prelate; Charles W. Wesley, senior warden; Horace W. Hubbard, junior warden; Orville P. Skinner, treasurer; George W. Howe, recorder; Lucien Hills, standard bearer; David McClaskey, warder. ELI ADAH GRAND LODGE OE PERFECTION. The Eliadah Grand Lodge of the Ancient Scottish Eite was organized May 27, 1859. The charter mem- bers were elected to the respective offices of the lodge. Those members, six in number, were as follows: Peter Thatcher, Jr., Edward E. Griswold, Albert C. McNairy, Theodore Eoss, David E. Field, Eichard Creighton. The succession of grand masters from the organization has been as follows: Peter Thatcher, Jr., from May 37, 1859, to February 19, 1866; E. A. Hopkins, from February 19, 1-866, to January 4, 1868; C. A. Woodward, from January 4, 1868, to February 8, 1875; J. M. Booth, from February 8, 1875, to February 6, 1878; C. A. Woodward was again elected G. M., February 6, 1878. The present officers are C. A. Woodward, T.-.P;. G.-.M;. ; E. D. Page, D;.G.-.M.-. ; F. A. Morse, V;.S.-.G.-.W;. ; C. E. Butler, V;.J.-.G;.W;. ; Eev. B. F. Brook, G.-.O;. ; B. D. Babcock, G.-.T.-. ; S. M. Stone, G.-.S;.K.-. of the S.-. and A;. ; Sam. Briggs, G.-.M;. of C.-. J. W. Gibbons, G.-.C.-. of the G;. ; AV. H. Parker, G.-.H.-.B.-. ; W. A. Lyon, G;.S;. The lodge has a membership of one hundred and eighty-two, and meets on the first Saturday of each month at Masonic Hall, Case building. BAHUKIM COUNCIL, PRINCES OP JERUSALEM. This Council was organized June 15, 1859. The first officers of the Council were Albert C. McNairy, ^. ^7- /. ^ Cf^y (Z. ODD FELLOWS 'AND KNIGHTS OP PYTHIAS. 289 5. P. G. M.: Peter Thatcher, G. H. P.: Richard Creighton, S. G. W.: David E. Field, J. G. W.; Ed- ward E. Griswold, G. Treasurer; Theodore Ross, G. Secretary. The presiding officers of this Council with their terms of service have been as follows; Al- bert 0. McNairy, June 15, 1859 to April 25, 1866; Edgar A. Hopkins, April 25, 1866, to January 4, 1868; Elisha T. Ellsworth, from January 4, 1868 to January 13, 1871; Brenton D. Babcock, from Janu- ary 13, 1871, to January 9, 1874; George H. Burt, present incumbent, elected January 9, 1874. The present officers are as follows: George H. Burt, S;.P.-.G;.M.-. ; Charles A. Woodward, G.-.H;.P.-. ; Ed- ward D. Page, S;.G;.W.-. ; Geo. A. Wright, J;. G;.W;.; Brenton D. Babcock, G;.Treas.-. ; Fred. A. Morse, G;. Sec'y;. ; Joshua M. Booth, G;.M.-.C;. ; John W. Gib- bons, G.-.M;.B;. ; William A. Lyon, G.-.T;. The Council has a membership of one hundred and eighty-three, and holds regular meetings on the third Saturday of each month, at Masonic Hall, Case block. ARIEL CHAPTER S. P. ROSE CROIX DE H. R. D. M. Ariel Chapter was organized June 18, 1860. The first elected officers were: Theodore Rose, M;.W.-. & P;.M.-. ; Peter Thatcher, Jr., P;. K;. S.-. W;. ; Albert C. McNairy, P.-.K.-.J;.W.-. ; George H. Burt, P;.K;. Sec'y;. ; Robert S. Weaver, K.-.M.-.C.-. ; Richard Creighton, P.-.K.-.C.-.G;. The presiding officers of the Chapter from the time of its organization have been as follows: Theodore Rose, June 18, 1860, to May 2, 1866; E. A. Hopkins, May 2, 1866 to January 4, 1868; Richard Creighton, January 4, 1868 to March 25, 1869; Sheldon Sickles, March 25, 1869, to April 10, 1873; C. A. Woodward, April 10, 1873 to May 6, 1875; B. D. Babcock, May 6, 1875, to May 30, 1878. Sam. Briggs was chosen M.-.W.-. & P.-.M.-. May 30, 1878, and still holds that office. The Chapter at present sliows an enrollment of one hundred and eighty-one members. The present offi- cers are: Sam. Briggs, M;.W;. & P;.M;. ; F. A. Morse, P.-.K;.S.-.W.-. ; A. S. Houk, P;.K;.J;.W;. ; Rev. J. W. Brown, P.-.K.-.O;. ; C. A. Woodward, P;.K.-.Treas.-. ; E. D. Baker, P;. K.-. Sec'y.-. ; W. W. Parker, P;. K.-. Hosp;. ; Sheldon Sickles, K;.M.-.C.-. ; George A. Wright, P.-.K.-.C;.G.-. Convocations are held monthly on the third Satur- day at Masonic Hall, Case block. AL KORAN TEMPLE. Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, was organized in October, 1876, and has now a membership of fifty. Petitions for membership are entertained only from A;. A.-. Rite Masons and Knights Templar. For 1879 the officers were Sam. Briggs, P. P., John A. Norton, Rec; Ohas. T. Wesley, treasurer. CHAPTER LVIIL ODD FELLOAJTS AND KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. Cleveland Lodge, I. O. O. F.— Cuyahoga— Erie— Phoenix— Cataract — AUemania — Anchor — University —Amazon — Banner — Mayflower- North Wing Encampnaent- Harmonia Encampment — Lake Shore Lodge, K, of P. — Washington — Herman — Standard — Cleveland — Owa- tonna— South Side — Oak— Forest City— Red Cross— Section Seventy- Eight— Section Eighty-Nine— Preux Chevalier Division. CLEVELAND LOUGE. Cleveland Lodge No. 13, I. 0. 0. F., was granted a charter April 16, 1842, but was not regularly insti- tuted until May 14th of the same year. This is the oldest lodge in Northern Ohio. The charter mem- bers were Gideon F. Tindall, John Forbey, J. H. Monroe, J. J. Phillips, Francis Harding, S. B. Lo- gan, Isaac Cornell, D. A. Eddy, Albert Harris, Wil- liam Cubbin, Edward Downs. The following is a list of the Noble Grands, with the years in which they held office. From the organ- ization until January 1, 1847, the term of office was three months; since that time it has been six months. The Noble Grands of each year are arranged in the order in which they occupied the chair: In 1842, Gideon F. Tindall, Edward Downs and S. B. Logan; 1843, Henry Morgan, Madison Miller, Robert John- ston and Geoi-ge Judkins; 1844, William Bailey, Nel- son Hayward, J. K. Baker and Henry Morgan; 1845, Robert Bsiiley, William Cubbin, David Russell and G. F. Tindall; 1846, William Smith, John Shelley, F. J. Hamilton and James F. Wilbur; 1847, W. Thomp- son and W. Strong; 1848, W. Strong and J. S. An- drews; 1849, B. F. Punderson and George A. Stan- ley; 1850, J. E. Williams and Richard Wynne; 1851, L. D. Griswold and James Chubb; 1852, George H. Adams and Justin Morrison; 1853, David Schuh and William H. Nay; 1854, Henry Frissell and George W. Berry; 1855, Charles H. Babcock and George F. Marshall; 1856, Isaac N. Pillsbury and A. C. Brain- ard; 1857, William H. Nay and Hamilton Stickney; 1858, R. H. Boggs and H. P. Jones; 1859, John S. Martin and J. M. Blackburn; 1860, William J. Rhodes and Thomas D. Christian; 1861, David G. Rabon and William Yapp; 1862, A. S. Allen and 8. C. Hurd; 1863, William Wood and Frederick Dal ton; 1864, Matthew Wilson andS. A. Haven; 1865, Henry Bowley and B. McGrath; 1866, Nathan Carnigie and J. S. Perley; 1867, F. R. Humphrey and Thomas Simmons; 1868, S. W. Rowe and John H. Richard- son; 1869, Thomas J. McGarry and William P. Luse; 1870, David A. Oattell and George H. Macy; 1871, William W. Castle and Benjamin Kingsborough; 1872, C. W. Dill and Samuel Ilaynes; 1873-, Philip Megerth and Thomas Rowell; 1874, J. H. Deckand and G. L. Benton; 1875, J. J. Farvvell and James A. Robinson; 1876, J. J. Quay and S. H. Johnson; 1877, C. B. Page and W. C. Fisk; 1878, A. C. Longacre and S. B. Corregan. The lodge has a present membership of one hun- dred and seventy-nine, and meets each Monday even- 37 290 THE CITY OF CLEV'feLAND. ing in the Odd Fellows' Hall, No. 34 Monumental Square. The jwesent officers of the lodge are as fol- lows: H. Watterson, N. G.; W. H. Newton, V. G.; James A. Eobinson, Rec. Sec; G. A. Randall, Per. Sec. ; W. J. Rhodes, treasurer. CXITAHOGA LODGE. Cuyahoga Lodge No. 32, I. 0. 0. F., now num- bering over one hundred and fifty members, hold regular weekly meetings at No. 34 Monumental Square. The officers of the lodge are elected every six months. The present officials are 0. Fraser, P. G.; E. H. Strass, N. G.; J. Collins, V. G.; F. Bay- lor, E. S.; H. Bolton, P. S.; J. S. Wood, treasurer; A. Inglis, W.; H. A. Heimsmith, C; T. Kain, R. S. N. G.; George Weckerling, L. S. N. G.; J. A. Smith, R. S. V. G.; diaries Lloyd, L. S. V. G.; W. Eolohan, R. S. S.; J. P. Neil, L. S. S.; J. Wilson, T. G. ERIE LODGE. Erie Lodge No. 37, I. 0. 0. F., was organized May 8, 1844, and has now a membership of two hundred and ten. The officers are Wm. E. Starling, N. G. ; Geo. M. Kinsey, Y. G. ; C. P. Allen, R. S. ; J. D. Anderson, P. S. ; James Hays, T. Regular meetings are held in Odd Fellows' Block, corner of Pearl and Church streets, every Friday evening. PHCENIX LODGE. Phoenix Lodge No. 333, I. 0. 0. F., was organized March 37, 1854, at which time the following persons were elected officers: G. E. Starkweather, N. G. ; Chai-les A. Crumb, V. G. ; Sanford J Lewis, perma- nent secretary; Charles W. Standart, recording secre- tary; G. B. Folsom, treasurer. These, with the addition of Charles W. Palmer and G. E. Russell, comprised the charter members of tlie society. Offi- cers are elected semi-annually in January ano^July of each year. The succession of presiding officers has been as follows, with the dates of election respec- tively: G. E. Starkweather, 1854; C. A. Crumb, 1854; C. W. Standart, 1855; C. W. Palmer, 1855; Belden Seymour, 1856; Hiram Stone, 1856; J. H. Miller, 1857; Francis Foster, 1857; S. N. Nelson, 1858; J. W. Welsh, 1858; H. Parsons, 1859; Dan'l Stephan, 1859. S. N. Nelson, 1860; L. R. Morris, 1860; Geo. W. Turner, 1861; L. D. Twitchell, 1861; S. J. Burlison, 1863; Jas. Neville, 1863; Ambrose Anthony, 1863; J. Wylie Smith, 1863; A. T. Van Tassell, 1864; M. E. Beckwith, 1864; J. B. Shull, 18G5; W. W. Williams, 1865; Y. Maytham, 1866; J. Rigg, 1866; Wm. J. Ranney, 1867; J. M. Drake, 1867; John J. Cannon, 1868; Belden Seymour, 1868; Elias Ede, 1869; Conrad Deubel, 1869; Benj. Brit- ton, 1870; W. W. Gould, 1870; G. L. Barber, 1871; A. Hartsell, 1871; J. M. Ribble, 1873; J. Rigg, 1872; E. J. Cliubb, 1873; H. E. Chubb, 1873; A. D. Beck- with, 1874; E. K. Wilcox, 1874; M. A. Shane, 1875; C. C. Campbell, 1875; J. W. Anthony, 1876; W. M. Redman, 1876; J. C. Skeel, 1877; H. S. Nelson, 1877; E. E. Brown, 1878; Belden Seymour, 1878-9. Phoenix Lodge dedicated its first hall August 3, 1854, on which occasion interesting addresses were made by Chas. AY. Palmer and Dr. Walter Prentice. This place of meeting was in Sanfoi'd's Hall, Detroit street. West Side. The first anniversary was publicly celebrated March 37, 1855; and an address delivered by the Noble Grand, Chas. W. Palmer. Phcenix Lodge has furnished two Grand Masters of the State of Ohio, Belden Seymour and E. K. Wilcox, the former of whom was also Grand Representative to the Grand Lodge of the United States. The present officers are as follows: Belden Sey- mour, N. G. ; E. K. Wilcox, V. G. ; J. C. Cannon, R. S.; H. E. Chubb, P. S.; J. Wagner, T.; S. N. Nelson, R. S. N.; A. A. Wenham, L. S. N. G.; J. Wylie Smith, R. S. V. G.; John Nelson, L. S. V. G.; R. Bacon, C. ; Alex. Hadden, W. ; J. H. Lockwood, R. S. S.; W. M. Crowell, L. S. S.; A. Kinney, L G.; W. W. Williams, 0. G. The number of members enrolled and paying dues is two hundred and fifteen. The present place of meeting is in the fine hall built and owned jointly by Phoenix and Erie Lodges, corner of Pearl and Church streets. West Side. Phoenix Lodge meets every Mon- day evening. CATARACT LODGE. Cataract Lodge, No. 395, I. 0. 0. F., was organized September 18, 1855. The first officers were as fol- lows: Leander Firestone, N. G. ; John Quay le, V.G.; Joseph Turney, R. S. ; C. P. Jewett, P. S. ; B. S. Wiggins, T. ; Clark Caley, W. ; A. J. Spencer, C. ; N. T. Meach, I. G. ; E. Shepard, 0. G. Officers are elected semi-annually. The Lodge numbers at pre- sent one hundred and five members, and meets Wed- nesday evenings at No. 3,583 Broadway. The present officers are M. K. Shoemaker, N. G. ; Wm. P. Braund, V. G.; H. L. Reed, R. S.; A. J. Spencer, P. S.; F. K. Reed, T.; Daniel Kelley, W.; R. S. Corlett, C; Jacob Kohlman, I. G. ; Thos. Richardson, 0. G. ; C. A. Marble, R. S. N. G.; Eli Cannell, L. S. N. G.; Benj. Sawyer, R. 8. V. G. ; R. Woodley, L. S. V. G. ALLEMANIA LODGE. This Lodge, No. 370, I. 0. 0. F., was organized July 9, 1863, with twenty-two members. It now has a membership of one hundred and eighty-one. The officers are Frank Kysella, N. G.; Wm. Heinzman, V. G. ; John Ruehle, S. ; J. M. Acker, F. S. ; Lewis Hausheer, T. ; Theodore Schehran, P. G. The Lodge meets every Thursday evening, at No. 34, Monu- mental square. AXCHOK LODGE. This Lodge, No. 387, I. 0. 0. F., was instituted June 37, 1867, with the following officers: Fred. Otte, N. G.; George Schaflfer, V. G.; L. Larsman, S.; L J. Weideman, P. S.; I. B. Wilbur, T. Regu- ODD FELLOWS AND KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS. 291 lar meetings are held at Wagner's block, 361 Pearl street, every Thursday erening. The term of office is six mouths. The lodge is composed of Germans and numbers fifty-eight. The present officers are Peter Rufsendor, N. G.; I. Detfs, V. G.; I. Beck, S.; I. I. Weidman, P. S.; I. C. Weidman, T. UNIVERSITY LODGE. Lodge No. 415, I. 0. 0. F., was organized in 1867, and has now eighty-one members; Regular meetings are held every Thursday evening at the corner of Merchant avenue and Fairfield street. The officers are J. M. Johnson, N. G.; J. G. Paddock, V. G.; M. D. Mott, P. S.; H. E. Mason, R. S.; 0. A. Fish, T. DONAU LODGE. Lodge No. 475, I. 0. 0. F., was organized June 19, 1871. Its members number now seventy-six and its officers are Wm. Reite, N. G. ; J. M. Hirf , V. G. ; Joseph Schneider, R. S. ; J. A. Enkler, P. S. ; Henry Streiter, T. Regular meetings are held every Wed- nesday evening at the corner of Columbns and Vega street. AMAZON LODGE. Amazon Lodge No. 567 I.O.O.F. was instituted June 2, 1874, with the following officers: H. B. Car- penter, N.G.; L. D. Roberts, V.G.; Marcus Wickes, R.S.; Charles Bangs, P.S.; T. S. Pelton, T. The society has at present eighty-six members, and meets each Wednesday evening, at their room on the corner of Lorain and Root streets. The officers are G. P. Geib, N.G.; N. B. Kellogg, V.G.; George Cassidy, R. S.; H. G. Siphen, P. S.; M. 0. Kellogg, T. BANNER LODGE. This Lodge, No. 578, I.O.O.F., was organized June 24, 1874. Its first officers were P. Waldeck, noble grand; 0. L. Rider, vice grand; A. L. Somers, re- cording secretary; 0. Slack, permanent secretary; James McMahon, treasurer. The following have been the chief officers of the society from the time of the organization, with the date of assuming office: P. Waldeck, June 34, 1874; 0. L. Rider, January 1, 1875; A. L. Somers, July 1, 1875; D. 0. Talcott, January 1, 1876; James Mc- Mahon, July 1, 1876; 0. L. Anderson, January 1, 1877; Jesse Peet, July 1, 1877; J. A. Mcintosh, Jan- uary 1, 1878; E. Zehner, July 1, 1878; F. W. Lewis, January 1, 1879. The present officers are F. W. Lewis, noble grand; G. A. Ilerringshaw, vice grand; Alex. McBane, re- cording secretary; E. N. Leathers, permanent secre- tary; James McMahon, treasurer; A. L. Somers, Chris. A. Nauert and Jesse Peet, trustees. The society now numbers about eighty members, and meets every Thursday evening, at Rock's new block, corner of Woodland and Wilson avenues. MAYFLOWER LODGE. Mayflower Lodge No. 679, I. 0. 0. F., was organ- ized June 16, 1879, and now numbers twenty-eight members, with the following officers: John B. Darby, N. G. ; Thomas E. Johnson, V. G. ; A. Bartholomew, secretary; Henry Graham, P. S. ; P. H. Repp, T. Regular meetings are held every Monday evening at the corner of St. Clair and Phelps streets. NORTH WING ENCAMPMENT. North Wing Encampment No. 88, I. 0. 0. F., was organized July 30, 1862. The officers now are William E. Starling, 0. P.; Henry Folliett, S. W.; G. M. Kinsey, J. W.; William H. Price, Jr., H. P.; J. L. Shephard, 1st W. ; A. A. Wenham, 2d W. ; A. H. Weed, 3d W. ; William McGehan, 4th W. ; P. W. Dracket, 1st G. of T. ; C. M. Hurlbert, 2d G. of T. ; John Cowle, T. The membership is now one hundred and eighty; the place of meeting (every Wednesday evening) be- ing at Odd Fellows Hall, corner of Pearl and Church streets. HARMONIA ENCAMPMENT. Harmonia Encampment, I. 0. 0. F., was organized May 8, 1872, with twenty-seven members, and has now twenty-nine. The officers are John Oswald, C. P.; Franz Frankie, F. S.; Daniel Maeder, T.; L. Poplowsky, H. P. Regular meetings are held at 34 Public Square, the second and fourth Tuesdays of each month. LAKE SHORE LODGE (KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS). Lake Shore Lodge No. 6, K. of P., was organized May 25, 1869. Its first officers were W. H. Jones, C. C; Thomas Axworthy, V. C; F. W. Pelton, P.; W. J. Ranney, K. of R. and S. ; H. J. Webb, M. of F.; Thomas Willows, M. of E.; Charles H. Babcock, M. at A. ; F. Hoffman, I. G. ; J. L. Sheppard, 0. G. The lodge has at present a membership of two hun- dred and eleven. Regular meetings are held each Tuesday evening in Root's block. Pearl street, corner of Detroit. The present officers are as follows: George Keiffer, P. 0. Charles A. W. Rice, C. C. ; R. D. Updegraff, V. C. ; Judson Pratt, P. ; 0. H. P. Hicks, M. of E. ; F. W. Davis, M. of F. ; Charles B. Dole, K. of R. and S. ; George C. Kreck, M. at A. ; Fred. A. Smith, L G.; J. L. Sheppard, 0. G. WASHINGTON LODGE (K. OF P.). Washington Lodge No. 10, was organized August 8, 1869. There are now one hundred and twenty-six members, and the officei's are C. J. McDowell, P. C. • E. H. Gault, C. C. ; Louis Black, V. C. ; Samuel Ward, P.; E. W. Cooper, K. of R. & S.; Thomas Tibbitt, M. of F.; W. B. Rich, M. of E.; E. W. God- dard, M. at A.; Louis Stanton, I. G.; M. E. Kava- nagh, 0. G. 292 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Eegnlar meetings are held every Friday evening at the corner of Ontario and High streets. HERMANN LODGE (K. OF P.). Hermann Lodge ISTo. 40, K. of P., was organized Decemher 11, 1871, with the following (fl'lcers: Chiis Saeltzer, V. C; J. N. Wagner, V. V.; Pliillip L. Baum, K. of R. and S. ; Christ. Marten, M. of F. ; John Gerloch, M. of E. ; J. C. Weideman, M. at A. ; J. Unkrich, I. G. ; J. C. Ferbert, 0. G. Regular meetings are held each Tuesday evening at Castle Hall, No. 363 Pearl street. The present oflScers are C. V. Paeltzer, P. C. ; J. C. Ferbert, C. C. ; H. W. AVeidemann, V. C; A. H. Gehring, P.; John Scheniermann, K. of R. and S. ; J. N. Wagner, M. of F. ; J. J. Weidemann, M. of E. ; A. Cardis, M. at A.; F. Woodworth, I. G., George Fiber, 0. G. STANDARD LODGE (K. OE P.). Standard Lodge No. 46, K. of P., was instituted June 17, 1872, with the following officers: E. W. Johns, P. 0. ; Thomas James, C. C. ; Robert Hearst, V. C; Wm. E. Edwards, K. of R. and S.; George Thomas, M. F.; William McKinze, M. E.-; H. J. Bullock, M. A. ; David Y. James, I. G. ; C. Q. Scott, 0. G. This Lodge has a membership of one hundred and seventeen. Regular meetings are held every Thurs- day night at No. 2509 Broadway. The present officers are Hugh Wright, P. C. ; Frank R. Shattuck, 0. C; Matthew Wright, V. C!.; James McKay, P. ; Peter J. Dolsen, K. of R. and S. ; John R. Coleman, M. F. ; Thomas Thompson, M. E. ; Jo- seph Hillier, M. A.; D. F. Lockhart, I. G.; Thomas Richardson, 0. G. CLEVELAND LODGE (K. OF P.). Cleveland Lodge No. 61, Knights of Pythias, was organized October 7, 1873, with sixteen charter mem- bers, from whom the following officers were elected: Martin Maiirer, P. C; A. Schwarz, C. C; Vincent Schafer, V. C. ; Fred Hamm, P. ; Charles Breves, K. of R. and S. ; Henry Hoehn, M. of F. ; A. E. Dehler, K. of E.; Henry M. Holzworth, I. G.; Gottlieb Scheuerman, 0. G. Regular meetings are held every Wednesday evening at Saal's Hall, corner Lake and Ontario streets. The lodge has ninety members enrolled and in good stand- ing. At the last grand lodge session held at Steu- ben ville, Ohio, A. B. Schellentrager, of Cleveland lodge, was appointed and confirmed Deputy Grand Master of the State, by the State Grand Chancellor. This is the only entirely German Lodge of Knights of Pythias in Cuyahoga county. In May, 1879, the lodge formed the fifth degree of the Chivalric Order, a "Uniform Division" called "Cleveland Division,' No. 8," composed of thirty-five members, under com- mand of Maj. C. W. Kraus. The present officers are as follows: 0. C. Schellen- trager, P. C; William Trinkner, 0. C; A. Schild- hauer, V. C. ; A. Schaefer, P.; A. Popowsky, K. of R. and S.; Ph. Hollander, M. of F.; Henry Klaus, K. of E. ; Franz Eiche, M. at A. ; Henry Guentzler, I. G. ; Fred. Vogt, 0. G. OWATONNA LODGE (K. OF P.). Owatonna No. 62 was organized in 1873 with twen- ty-one charter members. It has now a membership of ninety, with the following officers: Herbert Hill, C. C; G. 0. Butler, V. C; G. H. Wadsworth, P.; G. C. Quintrel, M. of F.; F. A. Wadsworth, M. of E.; P. Englet, M. at A.; William Henderson, P. C; Thomas Rowell, K. of R. and S. Regular meetings are held in Rock's block, corner of Willson and Wood- land avenues, every Wednesday evening. SOUTH SIDE LODGE (K. OF P.). This lodge (No. 68) was organized in May, 1875, with twenty-four members. There are now sixty- five, with the following officers: E. C. Stedman, C. C; F. R. Merchant, V. C. C. ; George C. Hola, P.; C. J. Robinson, K. of R. and S.; W. C. North, F. S.; George W. Makepeace, M. E. Regular meetings are held on the first and third Mondays of each month at the corner of Merchant avenue and Fairfield street, West Side. OAK LODGE (K. OF P.). Oak Lodge No. 77, was organized in 1875, and has now in good standing upwards of one hundred members. The officers are John Wathey, 0. C; Jacob Schug, V. C. ; F. Ferval, P. C. ; H. Holcomb, M. of F. ; Maynard Miller, M. of E. ; L. Mayer, K. E. and S. ; E. T. Morrill, P. Regular meetings are held at 726 St. Clair avenue, every Wednesday even- ing. FOREST CITY LODGE (k. OF P.). Forest City No. 78, was organized in 1875, aud tas now a membership of sixty. The officers are W. S. Forrester, C. C. ; W. 0. Cox, V: C. ; W. A. Har- vey, P. C; H. P. Gale, P.; N. L. Hibbard, K. of R. and S. ; L. S. Chad wick, M. of F. ; M. H. Brown, M. of E.; John Newberry, M. of A.; C. A. Kyle, L G.; John Paul, 0. G. RED CROSS LODGE (k. OF P.). This lodge (No. 89) was formed in 1876, aud has now a membership of sixty. The present officers are C. C. Reeves, C. C; J. F. Penwick, P. C; H. S. Schue, V. C; J. J. Weinhardt, P.; George M. Love, M. of E.; William Hemerly, M. of F.; William Spil- ker, K. R. and S. ; George Cunningham, M. A. Regular meetings are held every Wednesday evening, at 363 Pearl street. FORESTERS, KNIGHTS OP HONOR AND CLUBS. 293 ENDOWMENT SECTION SEVENTY-EIGHT (K. OF P. ) This section was instituted January 33, 1878. There are now eighty-seven members, with the fol- lowing officers: C. J. McDowell, president; E. W. Cooper, secretary and treasurer; J. M. Millard, guide; 6. W. Taylor, chaplain; L. Mayer, guard; R. Strauss, sentinel. Regular meetings are held at the corner of Ontario and High streets the first and third Mondays of each month. ENDOWMENT SECTION EIGHTY-NINE (K. OF P.) Section eighty-nine was organized in 1878, and has now a membership of seventy-five. Its ofiicers are J. C. Ross, P. ; John McFeras, V. P. ; C. B. Dole, S. and T.; Henry Biddle, Cr.; Charles Mallory, G.; John Barnes, G'n.; D. A. Udell, S. Regular meetings are held at 363 Pearl street on the second Tuesday of each month. pkeux chevaliee division, uniform rank, (k. of p.) The first officers of Preux Chevalier Division (No. 3, of Ohio), Uniform Rank, Knights of Pythias, were Sir Knight Commander 0. H. P. Hicks; Sir Knight Lieutenant Commander E. C. Stedmaa; Sir Kuight Recorder Charles A. W. Rice; Sir Knight Treasurer Eugene L. Closse. The present officers are Sir Knight Commander 0. H. P. Hicks; Sir Knight Lieutenant Commander E. C. Stedman; Sir Knight Herald Henry W. McDole; Sir Knight Recorder Henry Biddle; Sir Knight Trea- surer Thomas Boutall; Sir Knight Guard George S. Tambling; Sir Knight Sentinel H. R. Sanborn; Sir Knight Surgeon Dr. J. P. Armstrong; Sir Knights Trustees 0. H. P. Hicks, .George KiefEer aud E. L. Closse. The present number of members is fifty. Regular business meetings are held every third Thursday, and drill meetings every first, second and fourth Thursday of each month, at 8 p.m. The armory and hall of the division are at the corner of Pearl and Bridge streets. CUYAHOGA DIVISION, UNIFORM RANK, (K. OF P.) This division (No. 4) was organized in 1879, and has now a membership of thirty-six. The officers are. Sir Knight Commander E. H. Towson; Sir Knight Lieutenant Commander C. W. Burgess; Sir Knight Herald E. W. Cooper; Sir Knight Recorder C. E. Odell; Sir Knight Treasurer John Muest; Sir Knight Guard Alexander Ward; Sir Knight Sentinel George Kreck. The division drills at No. 53 Monumental Square, the second and fourth Mondays of each month. CHAPTER LIX. FOKESTEKS, KNIGHTS OF HONOR AND CIiUBS. Ancient Order of Foresters— Court Robin Hood— Star of the Forest— Ex- celsior— Little John— Ivanhoe— Standard— King of the Germans- Woodland — Union — Zaboy — Rowanoprownost — Centennial Lodge, Knights of Honor— Advance Lodge— Cleveland— Triumph— Euclid Avenue— Idaho— Economy. Miscellaneous Lodges— Excelsior Club- Union Club— Eclectic Club. Other Clubs and Societies. ANCIENT ORDER OF FORESTERS. The Cleveland United District of the Ancient Or- der of Foresters meets on the fourth Thursdays of April and October. The officers for 1879, are S. A. Dillon, D. 0. R.; Samuel Pinch, D. S. C. R.; Robert Huntley, D. T.; P. H. Ellenberger, D. S. COUltT ROBIN HOOD. This Court, No. 5553, A. 0. P., was organized August 1, 1871, with the following officers: John Harris, C. R.; John Sharp, S. C. R.; Thomas Tib- bitt, S. ; D. W. Harrison, A. S. ; Janatus Puchs, T. ; Parker Shackelton, S. W. ; Elijali Lear, J. W. ; John Bragg, S. B. ; Robert Huntley, J. B. The Court has a membership of eighty-eight. Regu- lar meetings are held each alternate Thursday even- ing, at Saal'shall, corner of Lake and Ontario streets. The present officers are William Close, C. R. ; Bern- hard Lellig, S. C. R. ; John Armstrong, T. ; W. J. Rowe, S.; G. T. Marshall, A. S.; Theodore Wilder, S. W. ; G. Glaufleld, S. B. ; W. H. Gillard, J. B. COURT STAR OF THE FOREST. Court Star of the Forest No. 5553, A. 0. P., was organized at a preliminary meeting held July 34, 1871, although the first election did not occur until August 9th following. The first officers were Harry Kitch- ingham, chief ranger; All B. Brewster, sub-chief ranger; Edward Spurr, secretary; Charles Medhurst, treasurer; Harry Saywell, senior woodward; William Callaway, junior woodward; 0. Callaway, Jr., senior beadle; Thomas E. Cooper, junior beadle. The chief rangers of this court with the dates of their election have been as follows: Harry Kitching- ham, August 9, 1871; Joseph Stead, October 19, 1871; resigned April 34, 1873; Charles Medhurst, appointed May 1, 1873, for remainder of term; Edward Spurr, July 3, 1873; W. Turrell, January 1, 1873; Charles ^ Medhurst, September 34, 1873; Alf. E. Brewster, January 14, 1874; John Raines, July 8, 1874; Edward Spurr, January 14, 1875; Thomas Shute, July 14, 1875; re-elected January 13, 1876; Abraham Hardy, August 8, 1876; Edward Spurr, July 10, 1877; John Wood, January 8, 1878; resigned March 36, 1878; Charles Medhurst, March 36, 1878; C. Callaway, Jr., June 35, 1878; re-elected December 34, 1878. The present officers areC. Callaway, Jr., C. R. ; G. W. Medhurst, S. C. R. ; ilhomas Ceilings, T. ; Wm. 294 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. A. Underwood, R. S.; Wm. Hodder, S. W.; W. 0. Fuller, J. W.; W. Callaway, S. B.; 0. R. Smith, J. B. The court now numbers sixty-two members. Regular meetings are held on the second and fourth Tuesday of each month in Knights of Pythias Hall, Harvey's Block, 1928 Euclid avenue. COURT EXCELSIOB. Court Excelsior, No. 5555, (A. 0. F.), was organ- ized in 1871, and now has one hundred and fifteen members in good standing. Regular meetings are held on the second, third and fourth Saturdays of each month, at No. 2501 Broadway. The officers are, Peter Buckingham, C. R. ; David E. James, S. C. R. ; Jeffrey Hopkins, P. S. ; John Gallagher, R. S. ; Ben- jamin Phillips, S. W. ; John Wilson, J. W. ; Samuel Young, S. B. ; Harvey Burt, J. B. COURT LITTLE JOHN. Court Little John No. 5699, A. 0. P., was organ- ized March 24, 1872, with fifteen chai-ter members, of whom the following were chosen as the first officers: Dr. Isaac Kimberling, C. R. ; George L. Pierce, S. C. R. : Charles Burk,T. ; George Rowe, S. ; T. E. Bunney, S. W.; James Judd, J. W. ; W. Wright, S. B.; J. Adloff, J. B. ; J. Butler, R. Wetzell and J. E. Miller, trustees. The officers, except the secretary, are elected semi-annually. The secretary is elected annu- ally. The chief rangers since the organization have been, Isaac Kimberling and George Rowe, 1876; T. E. Bunney and H. Turnbull, 1877; J. Gates and Samuel Bugg, 1878. The present officers of the court are C. W. Leckenby, C. R. ; A. R. Bunney, S. C. R. ; Charles Birk, T. ; George Rowe, S. ; Edward Berry, S. W.; A. Inglis, J. W.; Eli White, S. B.; H. Lowe, J. B. This court has a present membership of ninety, and meets semi-monthly at the corner of Pearl and Free- man streets. West Side. COURT IVANHOE. This court (No. 5783), named after Scott's cele- brated hero, was instituted February 17, 1873, at Koebler's Hall on Woodland avenue. The first court officers were Robert Huntley, 0. R. ; A. Goakes, S. C. R. ; D. W. Harrison, secretary; J. Faulkner, treasurer; J. Weil, S. W.; Thos. Neat, J. W.; S. Goldsmith, S. B.; E. Martin, J. B. The following have been the chief rangers of the court since its organization: Robert Huntley, D. W. Harrison, B. Mahler, J. Faulkner, R. Goulding, P. A. Dillon, Thos. J. Morrow, Fred. Colwell, J. R. Ransom. Of the past chiefs, Robt. Huntley served two terms and the others one term each. This court has been singularly unfortunate in the loss of its members by death, but nevertheless has an accumulated fund of one thousand dollars. The members, now numbering over one hundred, are nearly all young men. Regular meetings are held on alternate Thursday evenings, at Halle's Hall, No. 354 Ontario street. COURT STANDARD (SO. 5784). Court Standard was organized August 19, 1873, with the following as its first officers: John Biagg, C. R. ; Richard Brooks, S. C. R. ; Duncan Mcintosh, S. ; Henry James, T. ; J. D. Rowland, S. W. ; Rich- ard Gray, J. W.; E. D. Poyner, S. B.; G. H. Kline, J. B. The court has a membership of one hundred and fifteen. Officers are elected semi-annually. The fol- lowing list shows the succession of Chief Rangers with their terms of service from the time of organi- zation: J. Biagg, five months; R. Brooks, six mouths; J. D. Rowland, six months; T. Rowell, six months; J. N. Sherwin, six months; W. McLauehlin, twelve months; J. Baines, six months; G. Wooley, six months; W. A. Wai'd, six months; W. Bradford, six months. The present officers of the court are B. Stokes, 0. R.; J. W. Hagne, S. C. R.; J. N. Sherwin, P. S.; W. H. Cleveland, R. S.; C. Baines, T.; 6. Ellacott, S. W.; J. Westmark, J. W.; R. Benchell, S. B.; J. Campbell, J. B. Meetings are held every Wednesday evening in Fix's Block, No. 65 Scovill avenue. COURT PEARL OF THE RHINE. Court No. 6263, A. 0. P., was instituted Septem- ber 22, 1876, with the following officers: Charles Benz, C. R.; Prank Hintermcyer, S. C. R.; Fred. Scharf, P. S. ; John Spaller, P. S. ; John Heimberger, T.; Prank Weitling, S. W.; George Deckand, J. W.; Frank Kalbrunner, S. B. ; Ludwig Brisky, J. B. The elections are held semi-annually. The mem- bers, seventy-five in number, are Germans and the court works in that language. The chief rangers have been as follows: Charles Benz, Frank Hinter- mcyer, Ludwig Kopke and Fred. Koch. The present officers are Charles Benz, C. R. ; August Miller, S. C. R.; Ernst Prahst, P. S.; Henry Kobabe, F. S.; Henry Wiegert, T. ; Herman Schulz, S. W. ; Charles Geicht, J. W.; William Heuk, S. B.; Martin Frenz, J. B. Regular meetings are held each alternate Friday evening at Miller's Block, corner of Scranton avenue and Auburn street. COURT KING OF THE GERMANS. This royally named organization (No. 6264) was formed in 1876, and now has a membership of sixty- two. The officers are Henry Park, C. R. ; Christian Bahl, S. C. R.; Henry Dauber, T.; Wm. Fleck, T. and C. S.; Rudolph Schmidt, R. S.; Esau Kopper- man, S. W. ; Herman Wagner, J. W. Regular meet- ings are held each alternate Monday at the corner of Erie and Ohio streets. COURT WOODLAND. Court No. 6286, A.O.F., was organized March 20, 1877, with the following officers: Wm. K. Smith, C. FORESTERS, KNIGHTS OE HONOR AND CLUBS. 295 R. ; Henry Hamley, S.C.R. ; Henry Goldsmith, S.; Hiram Hatch, A.S. ; John Wooldridge, T. ; Thomas Cannell, S.W.; Frank Genoa, J.W.; L. W. Sherman, S.B.; Ernst H. Heuser, J. B. Officers are elected on the first of January and July of each year. The past chief rangers are William K. Smith, Henry Hamley and Thomas Cannell. The present officers are Henry Goldsmith, C.R.; Henry Williams, S.C.R.; Robert F. Lojauke, S.; Robert J. Avard, A.S.; Samuel Glass, T.; John Hudson, S.W.; Julius Burton, J.W.; Otto Vogts, S.B.; Jacob Good- year, J.B. Court Woodland numbers seventy-five members. Regular meetings are held each Tuesday evening, in Goldsmith's Block, No. 800 Woodland avenue. COUKT usrioN. This society (No. 6390), was organized December 6, 1876, with the following as first elected officers : P. E. Thompsom, C.R.; C. Winters, S.C.R.; P. McCrack- en, S.; John V^ahraus, T.; Frank Cady, S.W.; E. Cattle, J.W.; Jos. Gregory, S.B.; L. D. Curtis, J. B. Court meetings are held each Wednesday even- ing, at No. 750 Broadway. Officers are elected semi- annually. The present officers are as follows: Joseph Gregory, O.R.; Christ. Boldt, S.C.R.; L. D. Lord, S.; L. D. Curtis, A.S.; L. Eothenbergh, T.; J. A. Duncan, S.W.; Wm. Roehrer, J. W.; L L. Drucker, S.B.; George Franck, J.B. The present number of mem- bers is eighty. OOFBT ZABOT (BOHEMIAN). This association (No. 6348) of men from the very center of Europe was organized in 1877. Its mem- bership is now sixty, and its officers are Anton Peck, C. E.; Prank Mack, T.; Joseph Mallya, S.; Frank Paier, R. S.; Frank Petrae, S. W.; Prank Protiva, J. W. ; Anton Weverka, S. B.; Prank Doorak, J. B. Regular meetings are held on the second and fourth Thursdays of each month, at No. 1480 Forest street. COURT ROWANOPROWJS'OST (BOHEMIAN). Court No. 6350 was instituted October 2, 1877, with thirty members, a number which has since in- creased. The officers are Joseph Lenek, C. R. ; Jacob Bacvar, T.; Frank Lenek, S.; John Prussek, S. B.; Frank Smesek, J. B. ; James Wirthaver, R. S. ; Chas. Gustav, S. W. ; John Wesley, J. W. Besides the courts mentioned above there are also Sherwood Forest, No. 5786; Forest City, 6265, and Jan Hub, 6394. CENTENNIAL LODGE (KNIGHTS OF HONOR). Centennial No. 213, was organized in 1876, with ten charter members. In August, 1879, the number had increased to seventy-five. The officers are W. L. Roberts, D.; F. E. Bunney, V. D.; Jas. Shackleton, A. D. ; Thos. Vickers, C. ; Chas. Hanford, G. ; A. R. Bunney, R.; L. D. Joy, P. R; E. S. Austin, T.; P. D. McCuaig, G.; F. H. Roberts, S. Meetings are held every Tuesday evening at the corner of Fairfield street and Merchant avenue. ADVANCE LODGE (K. OF H.), instituted in 1876, with but ten charter members. Advance Lodge, No. 223, has now, August, 1879, attained a membership of one hundred and eight. The officers are P. L. Mills, P. D. ; A. W. Gibbons, D.; Chas. White, V. D.; H. G. Brown, A. D.; B. M. Davidson, C. ; Wm. Hoen, G. ; C. W. Burgess, R. ; H. Greer, P. R. ; Reuben Strauss, T. ; W. B. Pratt, G. ; W. B. Rich, S. The lodge meets evei-y Wednes- day evening at No. 182 Ontario street. CLEVELAND LODGE (K. OP H.) Cleveland Lodge No. 938, was formed March 8, 1878, with the following officers: S. P. Mount, past dictator; W. H. King, dictator; Lewis Buffett, vice dictator; A. H. Quinn, assistant dictator; George W. Crossett, reporter; S. H. Johnson, financial reporter. The present officers are S. P. Mount, dictator; E. H. Dakin, vice dictator; J. W. Mead, assistant dicta- tor; George W. Crossett, reporter; S. H. Johnson, financial reporter; A. H. Quinn, treasurer. The lodge has a membership of eighty persons, and meets every Thursday evening at the hall, corner Seovill avenue and Putnam street. TRIUMPH LODGE (K. OF H.) The rapid popularity of this order is shown by the number of Triumph Lodge (1248), which was organ- ized November 13, 1878, with thirty-five charter mem- bers. The past dictators have been G. 0. Spence, W. B. Scott and John Corrigan. The membership in August, 1879, was forty-five; the officers being John Carrigan, P. D. ; T. G. Newton, D. ; John E. Spencer, V. D. ; Robert Greenhalgh, A. D. ; A. L. Beswick, R; J. H. Treat, P. R; W. D. Nicholson, C; J. P. M. Cobb, G.; Jas. Brown, G'n.; G. 0. Spence, T. ; C. T. Manchester, S. The lodge meets in Odd Fellows' Hall, West Side. EUCLID AVENUE LODGE (K. OF H.) This association assumed organic form as No. 1363 on the 25th of November, 1878, with thirty-five mem- bers. There are^now forty-one; the officers being as follows: James W. Clarke, P. D.; W. P. Walworth, D.; C. B. Hanna, V. D.; P. S. Collins, A. D.; H. H. Hamlin, R; A. W. Penton, P. R; H. L. Warren, T.; C. M. Preston, C; E. B. Rawson, G.; R. N. Denham, G'n.; Julius King, S. Regular meetings are held on the first and third Wednesdays of each month at 1928 Euclid avenue. IDAHO LODGE (K. OF H.) Idaho (No. 1330) was organized January 13, 1879, and has now a membership of forty. Regular meet- ings are held every Monday evening at the corner of Euclid and Willson avenues. The officers are L. C. im THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Burwell, D.; J. K. Curtis, V. D.; E. B. Lane, A. D.; H. S. Hubbell, P. D.; W. F. Arter, R.; George F- Lines, P. R.; G. W. Bennett, T.; Clias. IL Fry, G.; Frederick Carroll, G'n.; H. W. Stager, C. ECONOMY LODGE (K. OF H. ) The youngest association (No. 15U) of Knights of Honor in Cleveland, of which we give a record, was organized March 31, 1879, with forty charter mem- bers. The membership is now thirty-eight, and the officers are F. K. Reid, D.; W. E. Hoggins. V. D.; A. S. Gates, P. D.; Frank Blakeslee, A. D.; L. F. Ball, R.; J. H. Davis, F. R.; William P. Braund, T.; Daniel Kelley, C. ;' H. McKenzie, G.; H. M. Patter- son, G"n.; George Maskell, S. Regular meetings are held every Monday evening at 2603 Broadway. MISCELLANEOUS LODGES, ETC. In addition to the numerous secret orders which have been mentioned at some length, there are many others of multifarious character, and these consist in brief of seven lodges F. and A. M., composed of col- ored men; two lodges of the Rebekah Degree, I. 0. 0. F. ; two colored lodges G. U. 0. 0. F. ; one lodge of the Ruth Degree; Court Centennial No. 1 and Court Light of the West No. 2, juvenile branch A. 0. F. ; two sanctuaries of the Ancient Order of Shep- herds; twenty-three courts of the Independent Order of Foresters; four courts of the Miriam Degree, I. 0. F. ; nine lodges of A. 0. U. W. ; three councils of the Royal Arcanum; seven tribes of the I. 0. R. M. ; five lodges A. 0. G. F. ; four lodges D. 0. H. ; bwo lodges 1. 0. B. B. ; three groves of Druids; five lodges K. S. B. ; four lodges Free Sons of Israel: one lodge Daugh- ters of Israel; three lodges of the Loyal Orange In- stitution; two councils of the Sovereigns of Industry; seven divisions of Sons of Temperance; four lodges of Good Templars and one lodge of Temple of Honor besides a great number of trades-unions, building associations, literary societies, etc., etc. EXCELSIOR CLUB. This association, designed to promote social inter- course and mental advancement, was organized No- vember 14, 1842, with the following officers: S. Aus- ti-ian, president; A. Weiner, vice president; B. Lan- dau, secretary; J. Sloss, treasurer; Dr. J. Horwitz, F. Strauss and Me^er Weil, directors. In 1877, the club moved from their former rooms on Ontario street to the apartments especially arranged for the members on the corner of Woodland avenue and Erie street. These rooms occupy the second and third floors of the entire building. The successive presi- dents have been S. Austrian, A. Weiner, B. Landau J. Sloss. The present membership numbers ninety- five. The officers are as follows: J. Sloss, president; M. M. Heller, vice president; L. Janowitz, Rec. Sec; D. Klein, Fin. Sec. ; L. Blake, treasurer; M. Weil, J. Rohrheimer, I. Joseph and S. Newmark, directors. UNION CLUB. The Union Club of Cleveland was organized at a meeting held on the 35th day of September, 1872, by the following named persons: William J. Boardman, C. H. Bray ton, C. B. Pettingill, Henry B. Payne, W. H. Waite, Lucien Hills, Waldemar Otis, William Bingham, Samuel L. Mather, Harvey H. Brown, G. S. Wheaton, Gustav C. B. Weber, George Westlake, Amos Townsend and George E. Armstrong. These gentlemen united in forming an incorporation organ- ized for "physical training and education." William Bingham was elected chairman; S. L. Mather, Wm. J. Boardman, H. B. Payne, William Bingham, Amos Townsend, G. C. E. Weber, George H. Valliant, Alex. Gunn and C. B. Pettingill, directors; and Wal- demar Otis, secretary; to retain oflBce until a regular election should be held. The capital stock of the corporation was fixed at ninety thousand dollars, di- vided into one hundred and fifty shares of six hundred dollars each. The club purchased, at a cost of sixty thousand dol- lars, the property No. 41 7 Euclid avenue, which it now occupies. At the first election of officers in Jan- uary, 1873, William Bingham was elected president; H. B. Payne, first vice president; W. J. Boardman, second vice president; C. P. Leland, secretary; Wal- demar Otis, corresponding secretary; and George E. Armstrong, treasurer. The successive presidents since January, 1873, with their terms of service, have been as follows: William Bingham from September 35, 1872, to January 1, 1875; H. B. Payne, 1875 and 1876; Amos Townsend, 1877 and 1878. At the annual election in January, 1879, Samuel L. Mather was elected president; Oscar A. Childs, first vice president; Marcus A. Hanna, second vice president; Samuel Briggs, secretary; C. H. Bulkley, treasurer; William Bingham, H. B. Payne, W. J. Boardman, James Barnett, J. B. Henry, W. H. Com- ing, W. H. McCurdy, John Todd, George W. Chapin,' W. J. McKinnie, R. C. Parsons and George H. Stone, directors; R. H. Winslow, Alex. Gunn, S. 0. Gris- wold, literary committee; John Shelley, M. P. Stone, and Hubbard Cooke, house committee. ECLECTIC CLUB. The organization of the Eclectic Club was effected August 26, 1875, having five charter members, and a capital stock of five thousand dollars. This stock was divided into shares of fifty dollars each, and the arrangements are such that any person becoming a member of the club is entitled to a single share of the stock. The first officers of the club were Waldemar Otis, president; E. H. Foster, vice president; J. D. Kctchum, secretary; M. H. Dodge, treasurer. Rooms in the Arlington Block were occupied until December, 1877, at which time the directors leased the elegant building. No. 377 Euclid avenue. The entire edifice has been ornamented and furnished at an expense of about six thousand dollars. Mr. Otis held the office of president until 1879. The present membership is BOAEB OP TRADE, BANKS, ETC. 29')' nearly one hundred. The present oiScers are as fol- lows: Thomas Walton, president; G. P. Hower, vice president; C. A. Uhl, recording secretary; P. H. Streiby, corresponding secretary; J. D. Ketchum, treasurer; W. L. Otis, Waldemar Otis, William Mor- gan, M. M. Hobart and Charles Goi-don, directors; Thomas Walton, W. L. Otis, M. M. Hobart, house committee. The other principal clubs of the city, organized for various purposes are as follows: Central Eepublican Club; Jefferson Club; Cleveland Club; Cleveland Chess Club; German Casino Club; Hones' Point Hunting and Pishing Club; Owl Club; Progress Club. Besides these there are numerous social dra- matic and literary societies, among the most promi- nent of which are the following: Cleveland Literary Union; Edgeworth Club; Iron Ward Dramatic Club; Star Turnverin; The Lethe Dramatic Club; Social Turnveriu; I. U. I. P. Literary and Dramatic Club; Germania Turnverin; Cleveland Social Circle; Irish Literary and Benevolent Society; St. Anthony's Young Men's Society; St. Columbia Literary and De- bating Society; St. Mary's Altar Society. CHAPTER LX. BOAKD OF TBADE, BANKS. ETC. Board of Trade— Cleaiing House Association— National City Bank- Merchants' National Bank — Commercial National Bank — Society for Savings — First National Bank — Second National Bank— Ohio National Bank— Citizens' Saving and Loan Association- People's Saving and Loan Association^^South Cleveland Banking Company. BOAKD OF TRADE. The necessity for an organization of this nature was felt and discussed as early as the year 1847. A general impression has existed that an organization was effected that year; this, however, is a mistake, as the board was not formed until July, 1848. All the records of the board from the time of its organiza- tion to 1864 have been lost or destroyed, and it was only by consulting the files of city papers and taxing the recollection of jjersons connected with the early days of the board, that the facts regarding the organi- zation have been obtained. From the Herald, July 8, 1848, the following extract is taken: "At a large meeting of the merchants of this city held, pursuant to a notice, at the Weddell House on Friday evening, the 7th inst., William Milford, Esq., was called to the chair, and S. S. Coe appointed secretary. After a statement from the chair of the object of the meet- ing, on motion of Joseph L. Weatlierly: Resolved, That the merchants of this city now organize them- selves into an association to be called the Board of Trade of the City of Cleveland," etc. The original members, as nearly as can be ascer- tained, were as follows, viz: Joseph Weatherly, W. P. Allen, Jr., Chas. W. Coe, R. T. Lyon, John B. 38 Warring, Richard Hilliard, E. M. Fitch, L. M. Hubby, J. Gillette, William Milford, Philo Cham- berlain, Stephen Clary, Augustus Handy, S. S. Coe, Charles Ilickox, Thomas AValton, Sheldon Pease, S. S. Stone, James Ransom, John E. Lyon, William Mittelberger, R. K. Winslow, N. C. Winslow, Arthur Hughes, Eli Morgan, Samuel A. Foote, M. B. Guyles, M. B. Scott, George Woodward, W. p. Otis, B. P. Smith, E. N. Parks, J. G. Ransom, Geo. Bradburn, 0. M. Oviatt, John P. Warner. The officers then elected for the ensuing year were Joseph L. Weath- erly, president; W. P. Allen, Jr., vice president; Charles W. Coe, secretary; R. T. Lyon, treasurer. Mr. Weatherly continued to act as president until 1861, and probably two years longer, but no authen- tic record or account of his re-election, after that time, is obtainable. The successive presidents since 1863 have been as follows: S. F. Lester, 1864; Philo Chamberlain, 1865-6; W. P. Otis, 1867; Geo. W. Gardner, 18'68; R. T. Lyon, 1869; A. J. Begges, 1870; Thomas Walton, 1871; Charles Hickox, 1873; B. H. York, 1873; P. H. Morse, 1874; M. B. Clark, 1875; H. Pomerene, 1876; B. A. DeWolf, 1877; D. Martin, 1878. At a meeting of the board on the 13th of January, 1863, articles of association were adopted and the board became a body corporate under the covenants as follows: "We the undersigned, citizens of the State of Ohio, and residents of the city of Cleveland, do hereby associate ourselves together as a board of trade under the name and title of the 'Board of Trade of the City of Cleveland,' to be located and situated in the city of Cleveland, county of Cuyahoga, and State of Ohio, where its business is to be trans- acted." The objects of the association are to promote integ- rity and good faith, just and equitable principles of business; to discover and correct abuses; to establish and maintain uniformity in commercial usages; to acquire, preserve and disseminate valuable business statistics and information; to prevent or adjust con- troversies and misunderstandings which may arise be- tween persons engaged in trade; and generally to foster, protect and advance the commercial, mercan- tile and manufacturing interests of the city. The first members under the new organization were twenty in number. The present membership is about two hundred and twenty-five. Daily meetings are held at the rooms of the Board in the Atwater building on Superior street. The annual meeting for the election of officers takes place during the month of April. The present officers of the board are as follows: Daniel Martin, president; John Tod, William Ed- wards, George H. Ely, Thomas Kilpatrick, P. A. Sterling and S. Mann, vice presidents; Theodore Simmons, secretary and treasurer; 0. G. Kent, S. M. Strong and James McCrea, committee on arbitration; James Barnett, George Short, Truman Dunham, E. P. Myers and W. H. Doan, committee on appeals; R. 208 THE CITY OV CLEVELAND. T. Lyon, B. H. York, J. E. Spfankle, 0. G. Ilickox and A. Weiner, committee on inspection. CLEVELAND CLEARING HOUSE ASSOCIATION. The constitution of the Cleveland Clearing House Association was adopted and the society organized oh the 28th of December, 1858. Its purposes are thus stated in the constitution. " The object of this as- sociation shall be to effect at one place, and in the most economical atid safe manner, the daily exchange between the several associated banks and bankers; the maintainance of uniform rates for eastern exchange, and the regulations of what description of funds shall be paid and received in the settlement of balances." The association at the time of its formation, con- sisted of the following banks and bankers: Commer- cial Branch Bank, Merchants' Branch Bank, Bank of Commerce, City Bank, Forest City Bank, Wason, Everett & Co., H. B. & H. Wick & Co., Whitman, S.tandart & Co., Payette Brown. T. P. Handy, president of the Commercial Bank, was elected president, and W. L. Cutter, assistant cashier of Merchants' Bank, secretary of the associa- tion. T. P. Handy, Lemuel Wick, and Payette Brown, comprised the executive committee. The settlement of balances may, under the decis- ion of the association, be paid in current funds or New York drafts, at the option of the debtor bank. The following banks and bankers comprise the pres- ent membership: The Pirst, Second, Commercial, Merchants, and Ohio National Banks, H. Wick & Co., E. B. Hale & Co., Everett, WeddellA Co. and Cham- berlain, Gorham & Perkins. T. P. Handy has been president since the associa- tion was formed. Alfred Wick is the present secre- tary and treasurer. NATIONAL CITY BANK. This bank sprang from the City Bank of Cleveland, which again had its origin in the Fireman's Insurance Company, a corporation organized under the laws of the State, having power to transact a general banking business without issue of notes. The City Bank of Cleveland was incorporated May 17, 1845, with au- thority to carry on business for twenty years. The capital stock was fixed at $150,000. Elisha Taylor, Eeuben Sheldon, Stephen Whittaker, C. L. Camp, Moses Kelley, William Milford, Charles Patrick and W. T. Smith composed the board of directors; Eeu- ben Sheldon, being elected president and T. C. Sev- erance, cashier. In August, 1846, Mr. Sheldon re- signed the presidency and was succeeded by George Mygatt, who retained the office until October 4, 1850. At that time Lemuel Wick was chosen to fill the president's chair, which he occupied until the charter expired. The bank closed its business in accordance with the charter on the 12th of February, 1865. The National City Bank of Cleveland, a virtual re- organization of the "City Bank," was incorporated and organized February 13, 1865, with a capital stock of $200,000. Its officers were as follows: Lemuel Wick, president; John F. Whitelaw, cashier; Lemuel Wick, John F. Whitelaw, Moses Kelley, S. Eanney and S. Newmark, directors. Mr. Wick remained president until January 28, 1873, at which time he was succeeded by W. P. Southworth. The place of business. No. 115 Superior street, has been occupied by the Fireman's Insui'anee Company, the City Bank, and the National City Bank success- ively, since 1844. The present officers are W. P. Southworth, presi' dent; John F. AVhitelaW, cashier; W. P. Southworth, P. H. Babcock, S. Newmark, C. S. Bissell and John P. Whitelaw, directors. MERCHANTS NATIONAL BANK. "The Merchants Bank of Cleveland," a branch of the State Bank of Ohio and commonly called the Merchants Branch Bank, was organized June 25, 1845, with a capital stock of $100,000, in shares of ' $100 each. P. M. Weddell, Prentis Dow, Harvey Eice, H. P. Weddell and S. J. Andrews composed the first board of directors. P. M. Weddell was ap- pointed president and Prentis Dow, cashier. In June, 1846, Mr. Weddell resigned. Sherlock J. An- drews was elected his successor, and served until May, 1848, when Thomas M. Kelley was elected in his place. The Merchants Bank closed its business at the ex- piration of its ehai-ter in February, 1865. The last officers were T. P. Handy, president; and W. L. Cut- ter, cashier. "The Merchants National Bank of Cleveland," -the successor of the Merchants Branch Bank, wiis formed December 27, 1864, but did not commence business until February 7, 1865, after the operationg , of the Branch Bank had ceased. The first board of directors was composed of Thomas M. Kelley, T. P. Handy, Melancthon Barnett, William Collins, James F. Clark, Samuel L. Mather and William Bingham. T. P. Handy was chosen president, and W. L. Cut- ter, cashier. The capital stock declared by the certificate of association was $500,000, in five thousand shares, of §100 each. This stock was afterward changed as follows: July, 1867, it was increased to $600,000, and in November, 1872, to $1,200,000, with the privilege of a further increase to $2,000,000. In October, 1878, it was reduced to $800,000, upon which amount tlic bank has since operated. In 1865 this bank was made the United States de- pository for the receipt of public moneys, and has remained so ever since. The building occupied by the bank on the corner of Superior and Bank streets, was purchased, in 1865, from the old company at a cost of about $35,000. T. P. Handy has been president since the incor- poration of the bank. The present officials are T. P. Handy, president; E. E. Perkins, cashier; P. C. Johnson, assistant cashier; T. P. Handy, Melancthon BOAKD OF TRADE, BANKS, ETC. 299 Barnett, William Bingham, Samuel L. Mather, Oscar A. Childs, George W. Gardner and E. E. Perkins, directors. COMMERCIAL NATIONAL BANK. The old Commercial Bank was organized in Sep- tember, 1846, as a branch of the State Bank of Ohio, •with a capital stock of one hundred and fifty thou- sand dollars. This stock was divided into fifteen hundred shares of one hundred dollars each, and taken as follows: William Neil, two hundred; John M. Woolsey, two hundred; William A. Otis, three hundred; N. C. Winslow, fifty; J. Gillett, fifty; Charles Hickox, fifty; Henry Church, fifty; T. P. Handy, six hundred. William A. Otis, John M. Woolsey, Jonathan Gillett, N. C. Winslow and T. P. Handy composed the board of directors. William A. Otis was chosen president and T. P. Handy cashier. The capital stock was increased as follows: October 36, 1847, $12,500; May 30, 1848, $6,200; August 29, 1848, $6,300, making a total of $175,000, at which it remained until the bank closed its afEairs. The cor- poration commenced business November 25, 1845, in a building on Superior street, now occupied by Chamberlain, Gorham and Perkins. On the 23d of November, 1858, William A. Otis resigned the posi- tion of president, and T. P. Handy was chosen in his place. Dan P. Eells was elected cashier in place of Mr. Handy. In January, 1862, William A. Otis was again made president, and retained that position until the close of the bank. In January, 1865, the charter having expired, the liabilities were paid, the assets were divided, and the business of the bank was brought to an end. On the 1st of March, 1865, its successor, the Com- mercial National Bank of Cleveland, was organized, with a capital stock of six hundred thousand dollars in shares of one hundred dollars each. The incorpo- rators were William A. Otis, Amasa Stone, Jr., Levi Benedict, William J. Boardman, Dudley Baldwin and Dan P. Eells. Those also comprised the board of directors. William A. Otis was elected president, and Dan P. Eells cashier. The business of the bank was transacted in the old Atwater block at the foot of Superior street, until the completion of the new building in 1869, on the corner of Superior and Bank streets. The building was erected by the Commer- cial and Second National Bank societies jointl}-, at a cost of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, exclu- sive of two vaults, which cost fifteen thousand dollars each. On the 30th of January, 1869, the capital stock was increased $200,000; on the 6th of May, 1872, $200,000, and on the 6th of May, 1873, $250,- 000, making a total capital stock of $1,250,000. Mr. Otis continued president until his death. May 11, 1868. Dan P. Eells was then chosen president and Augustus S. Gorham cashier. The accumulated sur- plus since 1869 amounts to one hundred and sixty- five thousand dollars. The affairs of the bank are in an exceedingly prosperous condition, semi-annual dividends having been paid, without exception, since the organization. The present officers are Dan P. Eells, president; Amasa Stone, vice president; Joseph Colwell, cashier; David Z. Morton, assistant cashier; Dan P. Eells, Amasa Stone, William J. Boardman, Charles A. Otis, Fayette Brown and E. I. Baldwin, directors. SOCIETY EOK SAVINGS. The Society for Savings owes its origin to the be- nevolence of some of the citizens of Cleveland who were associated in business in the fall and winter of 1848-9. The suggestion first came from Charles J. Woolson, seconded by W. A. Otis and other promi- nent citizens. S. H. Mather was requested to take the necessary steps to procure a charter. The act of incorporation was passed by the legislature in March, 1849, and the society organized in June following. The original corporators were W. A. Otis, H. W. Clark, L. Handerson, J. Lyman, M. L. Hewitt, N. Brainard, Ralph Cowles, J. H. Gorham, A. Seymour, D. A. Shepard, James Gardner, J. A. Hairis, J. H. Bingham, J. A. Briggs, S. H. Mather, J. A- Foot and C. J. Woolson. The original charter was limited to thirty years; by subsequent legislation it has been extended indefinitely. The presidents of the society have been as follows: John W. Allen, F. W. Bingham, W. A. Otis, S. J. Andrews, W. A. Otis and S. Williamson, the present incumbent. S. H. Mather was first elected secretary, and J. P. Taintor treasurer. At the end of about two years Mr. Taintor withdrew. Mr. S. H. Mather was then elected treasurer, and has held the office to the present time. The society commenced business Au- gust, 1849, in the office No. 4, Bank street, (now the president's room of the Merchant's Bank). In the fall of 1856 the society removed to Bank street, and in November, 1867, to its new building on the Park. At the commencement, the business of the society was small. Its operations were not very well under- stood, nor was it justly appreciated. At the end of three years the deposits were less than $100,000, and at the end of ten years had only amounted to a little over $300,000. At that time the society may be con- sidered as having fully established its reputation for safety and honorable dealing, and the deposits began to increase rapidly, so that they now amount to nearly $8,000,000. The present officials are as follows: S. Williamson, president; W. P. Southworth, W. T. Smith, G. A. Stanley, vice presidents; James Barnett, 0. A. Brooks, S. C. Brooks, G. W. Calkins, G. C. Dodge, E. S. Flint, H. R. Hatch, R. R. Herrick, T. H. Lam- son, C. Hickox, J. F. Holloway, S. H. Mather, E. P. Morgan, R. P. Myers, N. P. Payne, J. Perkins, L. Prentiss, W. H. Price, H. S. Whittlesey, D. A. Shepard, H. Chisholm, A. Hills, 0. A. Otis, M. C. Younglove, trustees; S. H. Mather, secretary and treasurer. 300 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. FIKST NATIONAL BANK. This bank was incorporated during the early part of 1863 under the name of "The First National Bank of Cleveland," succeeding the banking house of S. W. Crittenden & Co. The first meeting of stockholders was held June 33, 1863, at which time the following board of directors was chosen: Philo ScoYill, George Worthington, James Pannell, Benj. Harrington, S. W. Crittenden, A. J. Spencer. Geo. Worthington was elected president, William Hewitt, vice president, and S. W. Crittenden, cashier. The capital stock was fixed at $125,000, in shares of $100 each. Operations were commenced in July, 1863, at No. 117 Superior street. After three months of business, the capital stock was increased to $300,000, and in July, 1864, was further increased to $300,000, at which amount it has since remained. Mr. Worthington continued as president until his death in November, 1871. Mr. Hewitt, then vice president, acted as president until January, 1873, when he was regularly chosen to the office, which he held until the time of his death, in August, 1873. Vice president Philo Scovill succeeded to the pos.tion and held it until he died, in July, 1875. Gen. James Barnett performed the duties of chief executive until the annual meeting in January, 1876. He was then regularly elected president and has remained so until the present time. The building now occupied. No. 137 Superior street, was leased in September, 1877, and in August, 1878, was purchased by the directors at a cost of $54,000. The present officers are as follows: James Barnett, .James Pannell, Edward Bingham, W. W. Gaines, S. C. Smith, H. E. Mussey, B. Butts, C. C. Baldwin, A. J. Spencer, directors; James Barnett, president; James Pannell, vice president; A. K. Spencer, cash- ier; P. M. Spencer, assistant cashier. SECOND NATIONAL BANK. "The Second National Bank of Cleveland" was organized May, 1863, being number thirteen of the United States National banks. The original capital stock was $600,000, but on the 10th of November, 1869, it was increased by the action of the board of directors to $1,000,000. Soon after, $400,000 of this was cancelled and the stock reduced to $600,000, as originally provided. In January, 1870, an in- crease was made to $800,000, and in January, 1873, a further increase to $1,000,000. The first board of directors was composed of the following persons: Amasa Stone, Jr., J. H. Wade, Stillman Witt, Joseph Perkins, George B. Ely and H. B. Hurlbut. Joseph Perkins was elected presi- dent; H. B. Hurlbut, cashier; and J. C. Buell, assist- ant cashier. Mr. Perkins held the position of presi- dent until January, 1873, at which time Amasa Stone, Jr., was elected, who served one year. In January, 1874, Hiram Garrettson was chosen president, holding the office until his death, in May, 1876. Joseph Per- kins was again elected, and held the position until May 24, 1877, when he resigned. S. T. Everett be- came president on the resignation of Mr. Perkins, and still occupies that position. The association occupies a portion of the building situated on the northeast corner of Superior and Water streets, erected in common by the directors of the Commercial and Second National banks. The present officials are Henry Chisholm, S. T. Everett, H. B. Payne, Joseph Perkins, J. P. Eobison and J. H. Wade, directors; S. T. Everett, president; Joseph Perkins, vice president; H. C. Deming, cash- ier. OHIO NATIONAL BANK. The Ohio National Bank was incorporated on the 1st day of January, 1876, with a capital stock of $600,000, divided into six thousand shares of $100 each. Eobert Ilanua, John McClymonds, Leverett Olcott, 0. A. Brooks, Ahira Cobb, James Farmer, John D. Rockefeller, E. P. Morgan and D. A. Shep- herd comprised the board of directors. Eobert Han- na was elected president. The association com- menced business, in the old Atwater building on Superior street, and remained there until July 1, 1877, when a lease was effected of its present build- ing. No. 119 Superior street. At a meeting of the stockholders and directors held April 30, 1877, the capital stock was reduced to $400,000. Mr. Hanna was re-elected president at each annual meeting until the year 1877, when he retired. John McClymonds was chosen as his successor, and still occupies that position, performing the duties of cash- ier in connection with those of president. Herman S. KaufEman was appointed assistant cashier January 13, 1877. The present officials are as follows: A. Cobb, James Parmer, E. P. Morgan, D. A. Shep- herd, T. W. Leek, 0. A. Brooks, John McClymonds, William S. Jones and A. Bradley, directors; John McClymonds, president and cashier; Herman S. Kaufman, assistant cashier. CITIZENS' SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION. The incorporation of the Citizens' Savings and Loan Association was consummated the 16th of May, 1868, pursuant to an act of the legislature passed May 5, 1868, entitled, "An act to enable associations of persons to raise funds to be used among their members for building homesteads and for other pur- poses, to become a body corporate." The incorpora- tors were H. B. Payne, T. P. Handy, William Hart, George Worthington, William B. Castle, M. B. Clark, A. B. Stone, D. A. Dangler, J. M. Coffinberry, E. M. Peck, Elias Sims, S. Buhrer, P. Chamberlain, J. C. Buell and P. T. Backus. The first officers were J. H. Wade, president; T. P. Handy and E. M. Peck, vice presidents; C. W. Lepper, treasurer; J. H. Wade, H. B. Payne, George Worthington, P. Chamberlain, A. B. Stone, E. M. Peck, T. P. Handy, J. P. Robi- MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS. 301 son, F. T. Backus, D. A. Dangler, George B. Ely, J. Mueller, J. B. Painter, H. W. Luetkemeyer, F. W. Pelton, B. R. Beavis, W. B. Castle, C. W. Coe, Elias Sims, William Hart, J. C. Biiell, William Bing- ham, L. Alcott, R. Garrettson and S. C. Brooks, directors. ' The capital stock of the association was fixed at $1,000,000, divided into two thousand shares of 1500 each. Business was begun on Bank street, but in a few months the headquarters, of the association were moved to the Atwater building. In June, 1877, the location was again changed to 123 Superior street. The deposit balance of the association at the present time amounts to over three and one-half million dol- lars. The present oflBcers are J. H. Wade, president; W. S. Jones and H. W. Luetkemeyer, vice presidents; C. W. Lepper, secretary and treasurer. people's savings and loan association. This association was organized March 2, 1869. The incorporators were Daniel P. Rhodes, Elias Sims, John H. Sargeant, George W. Jones, Josiah Barber. Daniel P. Rhodes was elected president; John H. Sargeant, first vice president; John Bousfield, second vice president; A. L. Withington, secretary and treas- urer. The capital stock of the association was fixed at $250,000. Mr. Rhodes continued to act as president until his death, in 1875. At the next annual meeting, Jan- uary 5, 1876, John H. Sargeant was appointed, and served one year. On the 3d of January, 1877, Hiram Barrett was elected. The present officers are Hiram Barrett, president; Charles McNeil and George Warm- ington, vice presidents; A. L. Withington, secretary and treasurer; J. H. Sargeant, P. W. Pelton, Nelson Pnrdy, R. R. Rhodes, Hiram Barnett, Elias Sims, J. F. Rhodes, Thomas Dixon, Gustavus Schmidt, G. C. Schenck, J. M. Coffinberry, George H. Warming- ton, W. B. Guyles, D. 0. Taylor, C. McNeil, N. Meyef, J. M. Ferris, Belden Seymour, Alfred Kel- logg, S. N. Nelson and A. L. Withington, directors. The bank is located at No. 251 Pearl street. The deposit balance now amounts to $450,000. SOUTH CLEVELAND BANKING CO. This is a banking corporation, organized under the State banking law, in June, 1879, and does business in that portion of Cleveland known as Newburg. Its average deposit account is $250,000, and of loans and discounts $150,000. The officers are Joseph Turney, president; James Walker, vice president; Wm. H. Lamprecht, secretary and treasurer; Joseph Turney, James Walker, E. T. Hamilton, C. P. Jewett and Wm. H. Lamprecht, trustees. CHAPTER LXI. MISCELLANEOUS DBPAETMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS. Fire Department — Police Department — Workhouse and House of Cor- rection — City Infirmary, etc.— The Viaduct— The Breakwater— East Cleveland Street Railroad — Kinsman Street Railroad- West Side Rail way— St. Clair Street Railway— Rocky River Railway— Broadway and Newburg Railwa)-— South Side Railway— Woodland Hills Avenue Rail- way—Superior Street Railway— Eighteenth Ward Cemetery- Monroe Street Cemetery— Erie Street Cemetery— North Brooklyn Cemetery— St. Joseph's and St. John's Cemeteries— Jewish Cemetery— Woodland Cemetery— St. iMary's Cemetery— Lake View Cemetery- Riverside Cemetery. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. The first fire company in the village of Cleveland, Live Oak, No. 1, of which Captain McCurdy was foreman, began to run to fires in 1833, but never had a regular organization. The first regulai'ly organized volunteer fire company was Eagle, No. 1, an outgrowth of Live Oak, formed in 1834; Captain McCurdy being also its foreman. A department was then organized and directly after- wards Neptune, No. 2, Phoenix, No. 4, Forest City Hook and Ladder company. No. 1, and Hope Hose company, No. 1, were organized. There was a "No. 3 " but it was composed of boys and was not recog- nized by the department. Cataract, No. 5, was or- ganized in April, 1836. In 1848 Chief Engineer Sanford had serious trouble with the companies, and disbanded all except PhcB- nix, No. 4. Mr. Sanford soon after retired, and the department was at once re-organized, comprising Eagle, No. 1; Forest City, No. 2; Saratoga, No. 3; Phoenix, No. 4; Cataract, No. 5; Red Jacket, No. 6; and Forest City Hook and Ladder, No. 1. Neptune, No. 7, was organized in 1853; and Hope, No. 8, (of which the present Mayor Herrick was foreman) in 1852. No. 7 began to organize before No. 8, but the latter completed its formation first. Upon the annexation of Ohio City, Washington, No. 1, and Torrent, No. 2, of that place, became re- spectively Nos. 9 and 10 of the Cleveland department. Alert Hose company. No. 1, was organized in 1857 and Protection Hose, No. 2, in 1858. In 1863 the pay department was organized, and in the following year the volunteer firemen were disbanded. All the engines of the volunteer department were operated by hand, yet the work was enthusiastically done, and much good service was performed. Its successive chiefs were John R. St. John, J. L. Wetherly, A. S. Sanford, Milton Spangler, S. S. Lyon, James Ben- nett, Jabez W. Fitch, William Cowen, James Hill and Ed. Hart. As just mentioned, in 1863 the city council set on foot measures for the re-organization of the depart- ment as a paid force, and formed from its own mem- 303 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. bers a fire and water committee, composed of J. D. Palmer, J. J. Benton and AVilliam Meyer, and charged with the work of reconstruction. The first steamer was purchased in the summer of 1863, when the first company of the paid department was formed, with William Kidd as captain. This steamer was named the "I. U. Masters," in honor of the then mayor. During the same year two additional steamers were obtained, and two additional paid companies were formed, the captains being, respectively, J. J. Benton and Barney McGraw. The volunteer hand engine companies continued to serve until "February, when they were disbanded, and the paid department was left to its tinaided efforts. In July, 1864, a fourth steamer was added, with Edwin Lewis as captain, and in May, 1865, No. 5, under Captain James Hovey, still further strength- ened the department. In June, 1865, the office of company captain was abolished; the chief, who had until then acted alone in his ofBce, being furnished with two assistants. The first chief of the paid department was James Craw, who, under his election by the people as chief of the volunteer fire department, held over until April, 1864. His successor was James Hill, whose assistants were John A. Bennett and J. P. McMann. The present chief is John A. Bennett, (appointed in 1874) his assistants being James Dickinson, H. H. Rebbeck and Joseph Speddy. The fire and water committee of the council direct- ed the affairs of the department until April 39, 1873 when the board of fire commissioners was created by act of the legislature, under whose control the depart- ment still remains. The commissioners for 1879 are William H. Eadcliffe, George Gloyd, H. L. Melton, Joseph Slaght and AVilliam H. Lutton. The force includes one hundred and forty-four oflBcer and men. There are thirteen engine houses, fourteen steamers, seventy-four horses, four hook and ladder companies, and twenty hose carriages; the latter carrying con- stantly upon their reels sixteen thousand nine hun- dred feet of hose; one iErial ladder and three supply wagons. Of the fourteen steamers, three are of the first, seven of the second and four of the third class. The aggregate value of houses, horses, steamers, ap- paratus, etc. used by the department was three hun- dred and eighty-three thousand one hundred and six- ty-three dollars on the 1st of January, 1879, accord- ing to the commissioners' report, and according to tlie same report the running expenses of the depart- ment were about one hundred and forty thousand dollars in 1878. The fire alarm telegraph, organized in 1864, is now in charge of H. H. Eebbeck, and has two hundred and thirty miles of wire, with one hundred and sixty-five alarm boxes. The number of actual fires in 1878 was two hundred and forty-seven, the esti- mated loss being $308,000. Since 1864 the fires have numbered two thousand seven hundred and forty- five, while the estimated losses were $3,896,054.. POLICE DEPARTMBJSrr. From 1836 to 1866, the police was under the direc- tion of a marshal, chosen by the people; the last one being Jacob W. Schmitt. The board of metropolitan police was organized in May, 1866; H. M. Chapin be- ing the first president, and Wm. P. Fogg, James Barnett, Philo Chamberlain and Nelson Purdy, the commissioners. The members of the force in 1866 numbered fifty, and the expenditures for that year were 151,710. ' The department was reorganized in 1868 and a "board of police" was formed, with John H. Willis- ton as superintendent. The force in 1868 comprised eighty-six men, and the expenses were $70,853. Still another reorganization was effected in 1873, by the formation of a " board of police commissioners," elected by the people. The first commissioners under this system were John M. Sterling, Jr., J. E. Robin- son, Geo. Saal and J. C. Schenck. The superinten- dent was Jacob W. Schmitt who has retained the position until the present time. The commissioners for 1879 are J. M. Sterling, Jr., Louis Hau sheer, J. R. Sprankle and G. W. Short. The force now num- bers one hundred and forty-two members, and $139,343 was expended in maintaining it during the year 1878. WORKHOUSE AND HOUSE OF OOKRECTIOlf. Eight acres of ground at the corner of Woodland and East Madison avenues, are occupied by the city for a workhouse, house of refuge and house of correc- tion. The buildings devoted to these uses are exten- sive, and present on Woodland avenue a handsome and imposing front. These are all of brick, and cost, with the laud upon which they stand, upwards of $340,000. Cleveland's first workhouse was a small institution, an adjunct of the city infirmary. The present one was built in 1870 and occupied in 1871. In 1875, a prison for women was added; in 1878, store houses were built, and in 1879 a house of refuge for girls was erected. The number of prisoners received into the institution from the time it was opened until August 6, 1879, aggregated eight thousand and sixty; the in- mates remaining at the latter date numbered two hundred and fifty-eight. Under an excellent system of management the Workhouse has become substantially self-supporting, while as a reformatory it has long since established its claim to a very high position. The manufacture of brushes is the sole industry pursued there, and at this occupation each inmate is forced to labor. The product is very readily sold; the institution, pushed to its utmost, being unable to keep pace with the de- mand for its wares. As an evidence of the profit- able nature of the business of brush-making at the Workhouse, it may be noted that between January 1, and August 1, 1879, the receipts for wares exceeded by $9,000 the aggregate running expenses. This is MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS. 303 a result which can be equaled by few, if any, similar institutions in the country. In fact the Cleveland Workhouse and House of Correction is a model in almost every respect. This may undoubtedly be attributed to the fact that since its foundation, in 1870, its control has been in the hands of the same board of directors, and the further fact that political considerations, of whatever nature, have had no influence in its management. The directors who were appointed in 1870, and who still serve, are Harvey Eice, J. H. Wade, Geo. H. Burt, S. C. Brooks and Wm. Edwards. The superintendent is W. D. Patterson, who has occupied the position since May, 1873. THE CITY INFIEMAKT, ETC. The city infirmary, city hospital and asylum for the insane are located, all under the same management, on the "infirmary farm," lying on Scranton ave- nue, just inside the city limits. The farm, con- taining eighty acres (all of which are under culbiva- tion), is worked mainly by the inmates of the infimary, and produced in 1878 crops valued at four thousand, six hundred and eighty-nine dollars, all of which were consumed in the three institutions. The buildings are substantial brick structures, and represent, with the farm, an investment of $164,000. Three hundred and twenty-six persons were admitted in 1878, during which year the cost of maintaining the infirmary was $16,514.37. The inmates, on the first of July, 1879, numbered two hundred and fifty-two, of which one hundred and thirty-nine were males. The directors of the infirmary are George KeifEer, John Gill and Wm. Cubbin, and the superintendent, James Christian. THE VIADUCT. This great structure, which spans not only the channel but the valley of the Cuyahoga, bringing the east and the west sides of the city into easy connec- tion with each other, is now considered one of the great institutions of Cleveland, and every visitor is expected to traverse its long and lofty course, and to admire the solidity of its construction, and the stateli- ness of its proportions. It is indeed well worthy of admiration. Work was begun upon the structure in question in the fall of 1874, and it was opened for traflic on the 39th of December, 1878. The cost, including the right of way, was $2,170,000, to pay which the city issued bonds for $1,000,000, payable in twenty years, and for $1,170,000, payable in thirty years. The length of the viaduct, from the corner of Water and Superior streets to the intersection of Pearl and Detroit streets is three thousand two hundred and eleven feet, or nearly five-eighths of a mile. Exclusive of the draw- bridge, the width is sixty-four feet; the roadway being forty-two and the sidewalks each eleven feet wide. The length of the drawbridge is three hundred and thirty-two feet, and the width forty-six feet. The hight of the roadway of the drawbridge above low water mark is seventy feet. There are ten stone arches on the west side of the river, of which eight are of eighty-three feet span each, while two have a span of ninety-seven and a half feet each. The length of roadway supported by stone arches is one thousand three hundred and eighty-two feet, and the average hight of the arches above the surface of the ground is fifty-four feet; above the pile foundations, seventy-six feet. The total number of piles driven to form the foundations of the arches and river piers is seven thousand two hundred and seventy- nine, which, if laid lengthwise, would extend over fifty-two miles. There are no less than eighty thousand perches of solid masonry in the structure, while fifteen thousand five hundred cubic yards of gravel were employed as filling. The approximate weight resting on the pile foundations of the ten arches is one hun- dred and forty thousand tons, while that resting on the foundations for iron work is estimated at twelve thousand five hundred tons. The weight of the draw- bridge, resting upon its turn-table, is five hundred and twenty tons. That portion of the structure built of iron, including the drawbridge, is nine hundred and thirty-two feet in length, and fourteen hundred and forty tons of iron were used in its construction. These brief statistics give but a faint idea of the mas- sive work which unites the two portions of Cleveland, from which, on the one hand, are seen the far-spread- ing waters of Lake Brie, on the other the smoking chimneys of the manufacturing district on "the fiats," while beneath it roll the turbid wateisof the winding Cuyahoga, and over it each moment are passing ve- hicles of every description, from the groaning freight- wagon to the lightest phseton. It must be seen to be appreciated. THE BKEAKWATEE. The construction of the original harbor, the build- ing of which occupied from 1837 to 1840, has been mentioned in the general sketch of the city. Con- siderable sums were expended on it from time to time, in repairs and improvements, but no movement was made looking toward the construction of a "harbor of refuge " at this point until 1870. In that year the city council adopted resolutions in favor of the con- struction of such a work by the general government, and, together with many citizens, petitioned Congress on the subject. Hon. W. H. Upson, while a member of the house of representatives, procured an appro- priation of $3,000 for a survey. The engineers re- ported the cost of the proposed new "harbor of refuge " at four million dollars, an amount so large that the committee on commerce peremptorily re- fused to recommend its appropriation. In January, 1873, Hon. E. C. Parsons, then the representative in congress from the Cleveland district, introduced another memorial and spoke in its favor, showmg not only the great necessity for such a work. 304 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. but also convincing congress that it would not cost the enormous sum previously estimated. He pei'- suaded that bod}- to authorize a new sur\ey, which was made in the summer of 1874 under the direction of Colonel Blunt, of the United States Engineers. After its completion Colonel Blunt reported two new plans; one providing for an anchorage of thirty acres to cost $500,000, and one involving an expenditure of $1,300,000 in constructing a hai-bor of ninety-two acres. In the spring of 1875 congress appropriated $50,000 to begin the work, and referred the subject of its size and form to a board of engineers. These met in Cleveland in April and June, 1875, and reported in favor of the construction of a harbor of two hundred acres, at an estimated cost of $1,800,000. This was adopted, though it is now believed that at present prices the work can be completed for less money. It was begun in the fall of 1875, and about fifteen hun- dred feet have been completed. Hon. H. B. Payne secured an appropriation of $50,000 to carry on the work and Hon. Amos Townsend one of $100,000 for the same purpose. Large as will be the necessary ex- penditure, it is believed, by those acquainted witli the subject that it will be greatly outweighed by the ben- efits to be derived from it to the immense number of lake vessels, the burthen of which amounts to a million tons and the value of the freight carried by which is estimated at $1,200,000,000 annually. EAST CLEVELAXD RAILKOAD COMPANY. This company was organized in 1859, under the presidency of Henry S. Stevens, and in that year the road was opened for business from Bank street to Willson avenue. In 1868 the extension to Lake View Cemetery was completed, and in 1868 the line on Garden and Ohio streets was set in operation. The company has now a capital of $300,000, and operates fourteen miles of single track. A. Everett is the president; H. A. Everett, secretary and treasurer; and T. F. Frobisher, road superintendent. KINSMAN STREET RAILWAY COMPANY. The road of this company, extending from Bank street to the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railroad crossino- on Kinsman street (now Woodland avenue), was built in 1859 by Henry S. Stevens and E. E. Williams, who directly thereafter sold it to the Kinsman Street Eailway Co., incorporated in 1859, with a capital of $30,000, which was afterwards increased at various times, and, in 1879, was $500,000. The road is three miles and three quarters in length, of which upwards of two and a half miles are covered with a double track. For the piist two years the road has been in the hands of a receiver, F. J. Locke. The name of Kmsman street has been changed since 1859 to Woodland avenue, but the road retains its old name. THE WEST SIDE RAILWAY COMPANY. This was organized in 1863 with a capital of $80,000; D. P. Khodes being the first president. In 1864 the company opened the rente over Detroit street to the terminus of Bridge street and the Pearl street line. In 1879 an additional line over Pearl and Fulton streets to Lorain street was opened. In addi- tion to these lines, it operates under lease a road from Lorain street to Brooklyn, laid out by the Brooklyn street railway company. The West Side company operates about nine miles of track, and its managers contemplate an extension of the Fulton street line to Gordon avenue. The president is Elias Sims. THE ST. CLAIR STREET RAILVTAY CO. was organized July 30, 1867, as the Superior and St. Clair Street Eailway Co., and in 1867opened a double track road from Water street to Willson avenue, a distance of three miles. G. B. Bowers was the presi- dent of the company in 1879, and acted also as super- intendent; W. A. Dutton being secretary and treas- urer. At Willson avenue this road connects with the St. Clair Street and Collamer Railroad. ROCKY RIVER RAILROAD COMPANY. This company was organized in 1868 with a capi- tal of $80,000, and built a steam railway line from Bridge street (West Side) to Rocky river in Rock- port, a distance of about six miles. Tie president is Elias Sims. BROADWAY AND NEWBURG RAILWAY. When this company was incorporated in 1873, H. A. Massey was the president and A. E. Jewett, the superintendent. On Christmas day, 1873, the road was opened from the city to the company's office on Broadway, and in September, 1875, the extension to Newburg was completed. A double track covers the entire route, which is five and three-quarter miles in length. The company has a capital of $300,000, and owns nineteen cars with eighty-six horses. Joseph Stanley, who is the president, also acts as the super- intendent. The trustees are Joseph Stanley, Samuel Andrews, Charles Hathaway, J. W. Sykora, E. Gras- selli, E. Fowler and William Meyer. THE SOUTH SIDE RAILVTAY COMPANY. The South Side Company was organized in 1874. Their line extends from Superior and Seneca streets to the corner of Jennings avenue and Professor street, and then branches out over both those thoroughfares about three-quarters of a mile. The president is Al- fred Kellogg; the superintendent, A. M. Emerson. WOODLAND HILLS AVENUE RAILROAD. This is a short line of single track reaching from the intersection of Willson and Woodland avenues, out Woodland Hills avenue one mile and a half. The road was built in 1874 by John Rock, who is the present owner. THE SUPERIOR STREET RAILWAY COMPANY. This company was formed in 1875, and in August of that year the road was opened from Monumental 'y''-^-^^^^ ^.^^^, ^^,-iam ■ -"''''' /^^^r^^.^C. MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS. 305 square to Giddings avenue, a distance of two and a half miles, over the whole of which a double track was laid. The first president of the company was J. H. Hardie. The president in 1879 was Charles Hath- away; the treasurer, J. W. Carson; the superintend- ent, A, Bartlett. This road connects at Giddings avenue with a steam line to Euclid, built by the Lake View, Collamer and Euclid railway company in 1876. EIGHTEENTH WARD CEMETERY. This, the oldest of existing city cemeteries, was laid out as early as 1804 and doubtless before, since headstones bearing that date are yet to be seen there. It covers an area of about eight acres, and is abund- antly supplied with memorials to some of those who settled in Newburg township when Cleveland was "a. small town six miles from Newburg." The inter- ments in this cemetery in 1878 numbered seventy. MOJ!fROE STREET CEMETERY. This cemetery is located on the West Side, covers an area of thirty-two and a half acres, handsomely laid out, and contains many fine tombs and monu- ments, of which latter the most costly is that of H. L. Whitman at the entrance to the grounds. There is in the cemetery a headstone bearing date Septem- ber 15, 1820, and recording the death of Adam C. Taylor, but this stone, with others of about the same date, was probably transferred from some other burial place since the best obtainable evidence — the early records being lost — declares that Monroe Street Ceme- tery was not laid out until some years after 1830. The interments in 1878, numbered three hundred and twenty-seven, and at this time the cemetery tract is so fully occupied that the acquisition of more grounds seems imperative. The cemetery has a fine, stone, arched entrance which cost $4,300; an oflBce built at an expense of $4,300; and a receiving vault that cost $3,300. BRIE STREET CEMETERY. The Erie Street, or as it was originally called the City, Cemetery is located on Erie street from which it derives its name. It was originally laid out in 1836, and was the successor of the old cemetery on the pre- sent corner of Ontario and Prospect streets, which was laid out and occupied in 1798, as related in the general sketch of the city. It was only two acres in extent, but by subsequent enlargements has been made to include ten acres of land. The first burial was in September, 1837; Minerva M., daughter of Moses and Mary White, being the person then interred. Prior to the year 1840, no regular register of the sale of lots, or of burials, was kept, but at that time the whole' tract was re-platted and thenceforth a complete record of the interments was preserved. The greatest number of burials during any single year was seven hundred and seven; this was in 1849. When the City Cemetery was transferred from the corner of Prospect and Ontario streets, out of the re- 39 mains lying there about three hundred were removed to the present location. The aggregate number of interments in this cemetery is, as near as can be ascertained, about fourteen thousand; the total num-' ber of lots, eight hundred and forty-nine. It is owned and maintained by the city. NORTH BROOKLYN CEMETERY. The land of the Brooklyn Cemetery Association is situated on Scranton avenue, between Wade and Seymour avenues, and was called ' 'North Brooklyn" to describe its location in the township of Brooklyn, before that portion of the township was included within the city limits. The association was incorporated in May, 1849, with the following officers: Martin Kellogg, Dio- date Clark, Robert C. Selden, John W. Soper, Fran- cis Branch, Benjamin Beavis and Edward 0. Van Hosen, trustees; Benjamin Beavis, clerk; Francis Branch, treasurer. The first interment in the ceme- tery was that of John Connoek, a native of Eng- land, aged fifty-two, buried July 33, 1848. The present officers of the association are D. S. Brainard, N. Meyer and Alfred Kellogg, trustees; B. R. Beavis, clerk; Alfred Kellogg, treasurer. ST. JOSEPH'S AND ST. JOHN'S CEMETERIES. St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Cemetery, on Wood- land avenue, was purchased by Bishop Rappe from N. C. Baldwin, June 33, 1849. It comprises about six- teen acres, of which but two were at first used for burial purposes. This was known as the "old al- lotment." When filled, or nearly so, Bishop Rappe bought a second tract a few blocks west of St. Joseph's cemetery, which is now known as St. John's ceme- tery. It was bought May 4, 1855, from N. C. Bald- win, and comprises nine and one-half acres. During the summer of 1878 Bishop Gilmour had the iforth and west parts of St. Joseph cemetery graded and laid out in lots. This part is known as the "new allotment," and is laid out and platted on the lawn system. It is the intention of the manage- ment to follow as closely as possible the plan of Lake View cemetery, in the marking of graves and beauti- fying the grounds of the new allotment. St. Joseph's cemetery was the first place of inter- ment in Cuyahoga county owned by Roman Catholics. Among the first to be interred there were J. Brogan, P. Whelan, J. McCann, J. Lestrange, P. O'Neil, 6. Hancape, H. Kaiser, H. Detmer, J. Faust, 1 849-53. Total number of interments from July 1, 1849, to January 1, 1879, in St. Joseph's and St. John's cem- eteries, thirteen thousand seven hundred and sixty- four. Rev. G. F. Houck, manager; P. Roach, sexton. JEWISH CEMETERY. The plat of ground used as the Jewish cemetery was laid out in the year 1849, one acre in extent, on Willett street, and, owned by the Israelitish Church 306 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. _i Congregation. This society afterward merged in the Anshe Chesed congregation, and the cemetery has since been under the contro^ of that society. The first interment was that of Morris Marks, who was buried in the summer of 1840. In 1869 an additional half acre was purchased, so there are one and one-half acres of land now within the cemetery limits. There have been nearly six hundred burials in this cemetery since it was originally laid out. WOODLAXD CEIIETEKT. In 1853 the city purchased of Benjamin F, Butler, of New York, sixty and one-half acres, on what is now Woodland avenue, for 813,639.50, and laid out the present Woodland cemetery, which still retains its original dimensions; being in form, nearly square. Since 1853 the interments in Woodland have ag- gregated about twenty-five thousand. It contains many handsome and costly monuments, and among the finest are those erected as memorials to the mem- bers of the Seventh and Twenty-third Ohio regiments who fell in the War for the Union — that of the Seventh having cost $6,000. Among the legion of graves may be counted two hundred and fifty-seven, in which sleep as many of Ohio's citizens who were slain by rebel hands. The imposing stone structure which adorns the entrance to Woodland was built in 1878. The interments in 1878 numbered seven hun- dred and twenty-three. ST. mart's CE3IETEET. St. Mary's Cemetery, corner of Burton street and Clark avenue, was purchased by Bishop Kappe and St. Mary's congregation, from Gerhard Schreiber, April 15, 1861, and comprises about six acres. It is used exclusively by th6 German and Bohemian Catholic congregations. West Side. It is under the manage- ment and control of the pastor of St. Mary's congre- gation — at present Eev. S. Falk — subject, however, to the diocesan authorities. Total number of inter- ments to May 1, 1879, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-seven. Among the first to be interred were John Gies, Joseph Freund, Mary Kerik, Ann Wen- zink, John Berg, Joseph Pfeiffer. LAKE VIEW CEMETERY. This handsomely adorned and picturesquely located city of the dead covers an area of three hundred and five. acres, and is approached from the city from Eu- clid avenue. It was laid out in 1869, and is now elaborately and handsomely improved, with smooth gravel drives, sweeping lawns, bright parterres of flowers, lakes, etc., and is, in short, one of the most beautiful cemeteries in the West. Among the many handsome monuments to be seen at Lake View, the one erected upon the lot of Mr. J. H. Wade, and costing thirteen thousand dollars, is probably the finest. The entire cost of the three hundred and five acres now occupied by the cemetery was $170,495. The grounds are undulating, some parts having an altitude of upwards of two hundred feet, and some of these eminences present views of extraordinary beauty. The cemetery is owned and controlled by a corpora- tion known as the Lake View Cemetery Association, whose officers, in 1879, were Joseph Perkins, presi- dent; J. H. Wade, rice president; Charles Wilbur, treasurer and clerk. It is situated in the township of East Cleveland, but is essentially a city institution, and is therefore included among the city cemeteries. RIVERSIDE CEMETERY. Eiverside, located on the West Side, at the junction of Columbus street and Scranton avenue, was laid out in 1876, by an association of lot owners, incorporated under the name of the Eiverside Cemetery Associa- tion. A tract of one hundred and two and a half acres, bordering upon the Cuyahoga river, was pur- chased for 1102,500, and divided into five thousand and seventy-two burial lots. Eiverside is as rich in nat- ural beauty as any of Cleveland's ether cemeteries, be- ing gracefully dotted with wooded ravines, beautiful lakes, sightly eminences and expansive lawns. Quot- ing from the Association prospectus: " The crowning feature, perhaps, of the entire grounds, albeit it is no easy task to isolate its beauties one from, the other, is the ' Grand Avenue,' on the main plateau, leading from the chapel and receiving tomb along a plane of a thousand feet, and without a curve, terminated at the eastern end by a fountain of novel design, formed of dark polished granite." A handsome chapel and receiving tomb, erected in 1876, at a cost of 84,100, stands near the center of the cemetery, and materially adds to the pleasing ef- fect of the beautiful surrounding landscape. The most expensive work of art in Eiverside is an impos- ing "canopy monument,"' which cost $10,000. It is the work of the New England Granite Company, of Hartford, Connecticut, and is owned in common by Messrs. Thomas and Isaac Lamson and S. W. Sessions. The interments in Eiverside, from 1876 to August, 1879, numbered . four hundred. The officers of the Association for 1879 are Josiah Barber, president; S. W. Sessions, vice president; Alfred Kellogg, treasu- rer; J. M. Curtiss, clerk and superintendent. CHAPTEE LXII. MANTJFACTUKES. Cuyahoga Steam Fiunace Company — Lake Shore Foundry— Jewett and Goodman Organ Company — Cleveland Rolling Mill Company— Cleve- land Paper Company— Novelty Iron Works — Meriam and Morgan Parafflne Company — Cleveland Foundry — Bourne and Knowles— Union Steel Screw Company— Grasselli Chemical Works— Taylor & Boggis' Foundry — Cleveland Spring Company — Cleveland Steam Gauge Company— White Manufacturing Company— King Iron Bridge and Manufacturing Company— Otis Iron and Steel Company— Wors- wick Manufacturing Company. Although Cleveland did not become a decidedly manufacturing city until the outbreak of the war, in 1861, yet it had taken some steps in that direction a MANUFACTURES. 307 long time previously. Of some of the very earliest, and consequently the smallest, of these manufactures we have made brief mention in the general sketch of the city at the beginning of Part II. To the great industries now in existence we devote the following pages; arranging the various establishments as nearly as practicable in the order of their beginning opera- tions; so that a glance at this chapter will show not only the origin of various individual enterprises, but will also give some idea of the manufacturing tenden- cies and progress of Cleveland. Of course it is imprac- ticable for us to do more than call attention to the principal institutions of this class, from which, how- ever, the reader can at least gain an idea of the enter- prise which in less than twenty years has changed Cleveland from an almost purely commercial town to one of the greatest manufacturing centers in the country. CUYAHOGA STEAM FUKKACE COMPANY. This establishment deserves and holds a prominent place in the front rank of Cleveland's manufacturing industries, both by reason of its early origin and present importance. The name of the corporation is hardly indicative of the nature of its business, as it certainly has never had anything to do with the manu- facture of steam furnaces. The name is supposed to have been bestowed because, when started, the works were supplied with a steam engine for "blowing" the furnaces, whereas other foundries in this part of the country used horse-power. At all events, the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Com- pany was incorporated March 3, 1834, and in the fol- lowing April the company was organized by the election of Josiah Barber, Richard Lord and Luke Risley, as directors, and Charles Hoyt, as agent. The works were located in what was then Ohio City (now the West Side) at the corner of Detroit and Center streets, where they remain to this day. Inci- dental to a general foundry business, the first impor- tant article of manufacture was a patent horse-power, which gained considerable notoriety. In 1841 the company manufactured a large number of cannon for the general government, and afterwards enlarged its scope of operations from the manufacture of castings, plows, mill-irons, etc., to the production of large machinery. This new and important departu^ was to a large extent.effected in 1843, when Ethan Rogers entered the company's service and undertook the construction of machinery to be used in the building of railways. Not long afterwards the company built a locomotive engine for a newly-constructed railway between De- troit and Pontiac, in Michigan, and this locomotive, the first built west of the Alleghenies, after twelve years of hard work, was in such good condition that it was sold for very near its cost. At the company's works were built, also, the locomotives first used on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad and the Cleveland and Ashtabula (now Lake Shore) rail- road. Besides the distinction of having built the first lo- comotive in the west, the company gained also the additional one of constructing the earliest successful machinery for a lake screw propeller; the "Emi- grant " being the vessel supplied with its production. Progress has ever been the watchword of this cor- poration, which has maintained an unbroken career of prosperity since its. foundation in 1834, and the business of which, from a small venture, has risen to such proportions that upwards of one hundred and fifty men are constantly employed in the works. The company's capital, fixed at $100,000 at the outset, has remained unchanged. Its productions embrace steam-engines and machiuery of the largest class for mills and vessels, and are familiar on all the great lakes and in all the large manufactories of the West. Mr. J. F. Holloway (for many years previous con- nected with the company) was, upon the death of President W. B. Castle in 1872, chosen president and business manager, and since that time has discharged the duties of those offices, while serving, as well, as designer, engraver and superintendent. The secre- tary of the company is Mr. Sanford I. Lewis, who has occupied the place since 1861. LAKE SHORE BOUiTDRY. This prominent industry was established in the year 1850, by Mr. Seizer, and continued under his management until 1866. S. Merchant then succeeded to the proprietorship and conducted the business until 1874 when a joint stock company was formed; 0. M. Burke being president and treasurer; A. M. Burke, vice president; and 0. E. Burke,, secretary. The buildings and premises at the foot of Alabama street consist of two brick foundries, each one hun- dred feet square, and one two-story machine shop, forty by two hundred feet in size. The company manufactures car, bridge and general castings, and makes a specialty of casting water and gas pipe. The annual business amounts to nearly half a million dollars. Near one hundred and sixty men are em- ployed, to whom, on the average, wages of about $10 per week are paid. THE JEWETT AND GOODMAN ORGAN COMPANY. The manufacture of organs in Cleveland was estab- lished by Child and Bishop, in 1852. In 1860 Jewett and Goodman purchased the interest of that firm and continued the business until 1877, at which time a joint stock company was formed and incorporated under the style of The Jewett & Goodman Organ Company, with a capital stock of $60,000. In 1876 the manufactory was removed from Ontario street to the corner of Rockwell and Bond streets. The offi- cers of the company are S. A. Jewett, president and treasurer; C. D. Goodman, vice president; F. C. Goff , secretary. 308 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. CLKVELAND EOLLING MILL COMPA]SrY. Cleveland's most important manufacturing indus- try, and one of the greatest in the world, is that located in the eighteenth ward of the citj-, (commonly known as Xewburg), and operated by the Cleveland EoUing Mill Company. This company had its origin in the firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., founded at Newburg by Henry Chisholm in 1857, and engaged from that year until 1863 in the manufacture of rail- way and bar iron. In September, 1863, the firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., was superseded by a joint stock corporation, under the same leadership, with the name above given, and since that time the business has steadily expanded until it has now reached results which are almost marvelous. The works proper cover an area of thirty-two acres; their products includes Bessemer steel and iron rails and fastenings, spring steel and wire of all kinds, steel horse shoes, tire, axles and other forgings, boiler plate, galvanized and black sheet iron, corrugated roofing and siding of Siemens-Martin, Bessemer steel and iron, etc., etc.. The capital of the company is 82,000,000; the number of men emploj-cd averages four thousand; the yearly pay-roll reaches to more than two millions of dollars, and the annual con- sumption of coal is two hundred and fifty thousand tons. One hundred and fifty teams, besides locomo- tives, cars, etc.,— all owned by the company — are em- ployed in the transportation of material between the various departments of the works; the yearly product of steel and iron rails aggregates one hundred and ten thousand tons; that of wire, twenty-one thousand tons, and that of merchant iron and steel, twenty thousand tons. These figures are given in a comprehensive form to show at a glance the scope of this remarkable in- dustry, the details of which are, of course, too elabo- rate to be described in our limited space. The wire- mills deserve, however, especial mention, for they are the largest of their kind in this country. All kinds of steel wire are made, ranging from the coarsest description known down to that of the fineness of a Jiair. More than six thousand tons of grain-binding "wire alone were manufactured in 1879. The company also operates in Chicago a mill that yields one hundred and fifty tons of rails daily, and two blast furnaces, the daily product of which is one hundred and twenty tons of pig iron. It also owns all its own mines of ore in the Lake Superior region, whence its supplies are drawn. The president of the company is Mr. Henry Chis- holm, who resides in Cleveland, and the vice president is Mr. A. B. Stone, of New York, who manages the business of the corporation in the latter city. CLETELASD PAPER COMPANY. The Cleveland Paper Company was regularly in- corporated on the 1st day of October, 1860, by M. C. Younglove, John Hoyt, Hiram Griswold, N. W. Tay- lor and G. TVorthington, stockholders and proprietors. The capital stock was originally fixed at $100,000, but, owing to a rapid expansion in the business of the corporation, was in June, 1867, increased to $300,000. The factories, five in number, are located as follows: Two in Cleveland, (one on Broadway and one on For- est street), and one each in Massillon, Canton, and Monroe Falls. At these are manufactured all varieties of paper, and employment is furnished to over three hundred j^ersons. The principal oflSces and salesroom occupy the entire four story building at No. 138 St. Clair street. The present officers of the company are Ansel Eob- erts, president; N. W. Taylor, agent; H. S. Whittle- sey, secretary and treasurer; E. Mill, superintendent of warehouse;' J. W. Brightman, superintendent of mills. XOTELTY IKON WORKS. This important industry was established in 1860, by Thomas E. Reeve. The works consist of a machine and blacksmith shop, in a building ninety by one hundred and fifty-seven feet in dimensions, located on the corner of Wason and Hamilton streets. Here are manufactured iron bridges, buildings, roofs, railroad frogs and crossings, and general machine work of all kinds. In these works are employed seventy-five men, at an average salary of about 113.00 per week. THE STAXDAED OIL COMPANY. This extensive corporation had its inception in the year 1861, in a comparatively small copartnership business conducted by John D. Eockefeller and Henry M. Flagler. So rapid was the increase in the manu- facture of petroleum and the sale of its products that in January, 1870, a stock company was formed and incorporated under the name of "Standard Oil Com- pany," having its principal place of business at Cleve- land. John D. Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler, Sam- uel Andrews, Stephen Y. Harkness and William Rockefeller, comprised the board of directors and managers. The capital stock was fixed at $1,000,000 in shares of one hundred dollars each. The ^orks and property of the company are situated on what is known as Kingsbury Run, and cover an area of about one hundred acres. The present oflficers are as fol- lows: John D. Rockefeller, president; William Rock- efeller, vice president; Henry M. Flagler, secretary; 0. H. Payne, treasurer; S. Andrews, superintendent; G. 1. Vail, auditor; L. H. Severance, cashier. This company does the largest business in its line —the refining and sale of petroleum— in the world, and there are few manufacturing establishments of any kind which surpass it. It has absorbed the greater part of the product of the Pennsylvania oil regions, and these when refined are sold throughout all of the civilized and part of the uncivilized world. MERIAM AND MORGAN PAKAFFINE COMPANY. The manufacture of paraflane oil and wax was com- menced in Cleveland in 1863, by the firm of More- /JuA-a^^i Moses Jewett, Wildman White, E. Waterman; 1826, M. Jewett, W. White, 32-2 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. J. Doan: 1837. J. Doan, Peter M. Weddell, Henry L. Noble; 1828, J. Doan. H. L. Noble, Philo ScoTill; 1829, D. H. Beardsley, Job Doau, H. L. Xoble; 1830, W. White, Andrew Cozad, J. Strong. 1S31, A. Cozad, P. M. Weddell, A. Sherwin, Sr.; 1&32, unknown ; 1&33, Robert Gather, P. Scovill, Rufus Dunham; 18:M, P. Scovill, Charles L. Camp, Ansel Young; 1835, A. Young, Gurdon Fitch, Sylrester Pease; 1836, Gurdon Fitch, A. Young, John Barr; 1837, Silas Belden, H. H. Dodge, EUas Cozad; 18;3S. H. H. Dodge, John A. Vincent, T. H, Watkins; 1839, H. H. Dodge, T. H. Watkins, Timothy Ingraham; 1840, R. Cather, P. ScoTiU, Benjamin Crawford. 1841, J. A. Vincent, B. Crawford, Abijah Wheeler; 1S42, J. A. Vincent, A. Wheeler, E. Cozad; 1S43, J. A. Vincent, E, Cozad, George Witherell; 1844. Benjamin Rouse, Horatio Ranney. R. T. Lyon; 184.5, H. Rauney, M. 31. Spangler, Benjamin C. Walters; 1846, H. Ranney, B. C. Walters, M. 51 . Spangler ; 1847. G. Witherell, Alexander S . Cramer, Benjamin S. Decker; 1848, H. Ranney, John Pritchard, John M. Bailey: 1849, B. L. Spangler, H. Ranney, William T. Goodwin. In 1850 the aldermen of the city of Cleveland were made e.r officio trustees of the township. TOWNSHIP CLERKS— n7ft Years of Election. 1802, Nathaniel Doan, re-elected annually until and including 1808; 1809, Stanley Griswold. (Mr. Griswold was elected township clerk im- mediately after serving a session in the United States Senate.) 1810, Erastus Miles, re-elected annually until and including 1814; 1815, Asa- hel W. Walworth, re-elected in 1816 and 1817; 1818, Horace Perry, re- elected in 1819 and 1820; 1821, Daniel Kelley, re-elected in 1832 and 1823; 1824. John Riddall; 1823. Daniel Kelley, re-elected in 1826; 1827, Hersohel Foote, re-elected in 1828 and 1839; 1830, S. J. Hamlin; laSl, Dudley Bald- win, re-elected in 1832; 1833. Edward Baldwin; 1834, Dudley Baldwin; 1835. Edward Baldwin; 1836, George C. Dodge, re-elected in 1837; 1838, Henry Sexton, re-elected in 18-39; 1840, F. T. Backus; 1841. Jesse P Bishop: 1842, EUery G. Williams, re-elected in 1843: 18J4, E. S. Flint; 1845. Loren Prentiss: 1846, Charles L. Fish; 1847, George W. Lynch; 1848 D. W. Cross, re-elected in 1S49. In 1850, the city clerk became ex-officio township clerk. TOWNSHIP TREASURERS— irzttt Years of Election. 1804, Timothy Doan; 1805, James Kingsbury; 1806, Lorenzo Carter; 1807, Nathaniel Doan: 1808. N. Doan. 1809, Stanley Griswold; 1810 James Kingsbury; 1811, George Wallace, re elected in 1812 and 18131 1814, Horace PeriT, re-elected in 1815 and 1816; 1817, David Long, re- elected in 181K, 1819 and 1820: 1821, Ashbel W. Walworth, re-elected inJ822: 1823, Irad^ Kelley: 1824, Timothy Watkins; 1825, Herschel Foote, re-elected inlS20; 1.827. Daniel Kelley, re-elected in 1828; 1829," Peter M. Weddell ; 18-30, Ahimaaz Sherwin, Jr., re-elected in 1831, 18-32 and 1833: 1834, P. M. Weddell: 1835, Daniel Worley, re-elected in 1836 and 1837; 1838, Nicholas Dockstader, re-elected in 1839; 1.840, James H. Kelley, re-elected in 1841 and 1842: 1843, George B. Tibbets; 1844 Henry G. Abbey (resigned and succeeded by William T. Goodwin) ; 1845] W. T. Goodwin, re-elected in 184(3, 1847 and 1848; 1849, George F. Mar- shall, re-elected in 1850; 1851, D. W. Cross; 1852, S. S. Lyon. The city treasurer then became ex-offlcio township treasurer. JUSTICES OF THE V^KCE^Elected for Three Years, with Years of Election. 180:3, Amos Spafford, Timothy Doan; 1806, A. SpafiEord, Nathaniel Doan, Theodore Miles; 1809, Samuel S. Baldwin, A. SpafiEord, William Coleman; 1810, James Kingsbury, Erastus Miles: 1811, George Wallace; 1814; Hor- ace Perry; 1815, Samuel Wilhamson, Cyril Aiken; 1817, Horace Periy; 1818, S. Williamson, C. Aiken; 1820, Job Doan, Samuel Cowles. 1821. Eleazer Waterman; 1823, J. Doan, Ashbel W. Walworth; 1834, E. Waterman; 1826, J. Doan, A. W. Walworth; 1827, E. Waterman'; 1829, X Doan, Harvey Rice; 1830, Gordon Fitch; 1831, Orville B. Skinner; 1832 J. Doan ; 1833, Vamum J. Card; 1834, Andrew Cozad; 1835, George Hoad- ley; 18.36, G. Fitch; 1837, Samuel Underbill; 1838, A. D. Smith, G. Hoad- ley; 1889, Isaac F. Benedict; 1840, John Day, John Gardner. 1841, G. Hoadley, J. Barr; 1842, I. F. Benedict; 1843, Isaac Sherman, Edward Hessenmueller, Melancthon Bamett: 1844, G. Hoadley, J. Barr- 1846, Chas. L. Fish, M. Barnett, E. Hessenmueller; 1847, J. Barr, James D. Cleveland ; 1849, E. Hessenmueller, George B. Tibbits, George W. Lynde; 1850, JH). Cleveland, J. Barr; 1852, Erastus Smith, E. Hessen- mueller, G. B. Tibbits; 1853, J. T. Philpot, Almon Burgess; 1855, E. Hes- senmueller, G. B. Tibbits, H. H. Holden; 1856, Isaac C. Vail, George H. Benham, Henry Chapman; 1858, John R. Fitzgerald, Madison Miller, E. Hessenmueller, G. B. Tibbits, Wells Porter; 1859, G. H. Benham, Sam- uel Foljambe. 1861, Julius H. Brown, Joseph S. AUen, G. B. Tibbits, E. Hessenmuel- ler, W. Porter: 1862, G. H. Benham, J. R. Fitzgerald; 186-3, Daniel Stephan, Frederick A. Brand; 1864, G«orge Hester, George A. Kolbe, W. Por- ter; 1865, G. H. Benham; 1866, F. A. Brand, D. Stephan; 1867, Horace N Bill, G. Hester, G. A. Kolbe, W. Porter; 1868, George Arnold ; 1869, F. a! Brand, D. Stephan; 1870, Edgar Sowers, Homer Strong, David L. Wood, G. A. Kolbe, Perry W. Payne; 1872, George T. Smith, D. Stephan; 1873' JohnP. Green, H. P. Bates, E. W. Goddard, H. Strong, G. A. Kolbe; 1874, Charles H. Babcock; 1875, Frederick Buehue; 1876, E. W Goddard Al- bert H. Weed, Felix Nicola, A. J. Hamilton, J. P. Green, Truman D. Peck, W. K. Smith, H, P. Bates; 1877, Charles H. Babcock. OFFICERS OF CLEVELAND Vl'Llik.GS,— Arranged Accordirig to Years of Election. 1815. President, Alfred Kelley (resigned in March, 1816, and his father, Daniel Kelley, appointed); trustees, David Long, Samuel Williamson, Nathan Perry; recorder, Horace Perry; treasurer, Alonzo Carter; mar- shal, John A. Ackley. 1816. President, D. Kelley; trustees, D. Long, S. Williamson, G. Wal- lace; recorder, H. Perry; treasurer, Ashbel W. Walworth; marshal, Irad Kelley. 1817. The same. 1818. The same. 1819. President, D. Kelley; trustees, D. Long, S. Williamson, William Bliss; recorder, H. Perry; treasurer, A. W, Walworth; marshal, Eleazer Waterman. 1820. President, Horace Perry; (also later, Reuben Wood) ; trustees, Wildman White, Silas Walworth, Irad Kelley: recorder, Samuel Cowles; (succeeded in August of same year by Reuben Wood) ; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal, John Burtis; followed by Harvey Wellman. 1821. President, Leonard Case; trustees, H. Perry, Asahel Abell, Philo Scovill; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal, Harvey Wellman. 1822. The same. 1823. President, L. Case; trustees, A. Abell, S. Wilhamson, Ziba Wil- lis; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal H. Wellman. 1824. President, E. Waterman; trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal, H. Wellman. 1826. Records incomplete. Trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry; recorder,' E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth. 1826. Records incomplete. Trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth. 1827. President, H. Perry; trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry; recorder, E. Waterman (resigned and Orison Cathan appointed in his place); treasurer, A. W. Walworth. 1828. President, Samuel Cowles ; trustees, James S. Clark, D. Long, P. Scovill; recorder, D. H. Beardsley; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; mar- shal, Silas Belden. 1829. President, D. Long; trustees, Peter M. Weddell, Ahimaaz Sher win, Jr., John W. Allen; recorder, D. H. Beardsley; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal, S. Belden. 1830-31. President, Richard Hilliard; trustees, Thomas P. May, Ed- mond Clark, Newton E. Crittenden; recorder, James L. Conger; treas- urer, Daniel Worley; marshal, S. Belden. 1831. President, E. Hilliard; trustees, T. P. May, E. Clark, N. E. Crit- tenden; recorder, James L. Conger; treasurer, Daniel Worley; marshal, S. Belden; prosecuting attorney, James L. Conger; ofiSce abohshed after one year. 1832. President, J. W. Allen; trustees, T. P. May, D. Long, S. Pease; recorder, O. B. Skinner; treasurer, D. Worley; marshal, S. Belden. 1833. President, J. W. AUen; trustees, T. P. May, Nicholas Dock- stader, D. Long; recorder, O. B. Skinner; treasurer, D. Worley; mar- shal, Richard Bailey. 1834. President, J. W. Allen; trustees, Charles M. Giddings, E. Clark, EUsha T. Sterling (resigned and John G. McCurdy appointed in his stead) ; recorder, O. B. Skinner (committed suicide, and John A. Foot, appointed in his place); treasurer, Dauiel Worley; marshal, William Marshall (died and John Wills appointed in place); surveyor and street commissioner, Ahaz Merchant. 1835-36. President, J. W. Allen (resigned and Samuel Starkweather, appointed in his place); trustees, N. E. Crittenden, Samuel Cook, Wil- liam Lemen; recorder, Edward Baldwin; treasurer, N. Dockstader; marshal, Elijah Peet ; surveyor and street commissioner, Ahaz Merchant. OFFICERS OF OHIO CVTY— Arranged by Years of EUction. 1836. Mayor, Josiah Barber; president of council, Richaid Lord; councibnen, Horatio N. Ward, WilUam Burton, Richard Lord, E. Conk- lin, Francis A. Burrows, C. E. Hill, Luke Risley, Edgar Slaght, E. Folsom, Cyrus WiUiams. Norman C. Baldwin, B. F. Tyler: recorder, Thomas Whelpley, (succeeded by C. L. Russell); treasurer, Asa Foot; marshal, George L. Chapman. • 1837. Mayor, Francis A. Burrows; president of council, N. C. Bald- win: councilmen, William Burton, E. Conklin, H. N. Ward, L. Risley, C. E. Hill, N. C. Baldwin, C. Williams, E. Folsom, J. Barber, 8. W. Sayles, Daniel Barstow, Edward Bronson; recorder, C. L. Russell, (suc- ceeded by Horace Foote); treasurer, Daniel 0. Van Tine; marshal, G. L. CHiapman. 1838. Mayor, N. C. Baldwin; president of council, E. Bronson; coun- cilmen, H. N. Ward, C. E. Hill, C. WiUiams, Charles Winslow, Needham M. Standart, WiUiam H. HiU, George C. Huntington, D. Baratow, E. Bronson, J. Barber, W. Burton, S. W. Sayles; recorder, H. Foote; treasurer, D. C. Van Tine; marshal, G. L. Chapman. CLEVELAND CIVIL LIST. 323 1839. Mayor, N. C. Baldwin; president of council, C. C. Waller; counoilmen, C. L. Russell, C. C. Waller, F. A. Barrows, Samuel H. Fox, H. A. Hurlburt, Daniel Sanford, i^. M, Standart, H, X. Ward, 0. E. Hill, W. H. Hill, C. Williams, C. Winslow; recorder, Horace Foote; treasurer, D. C. Van Tine; marshal, George L. Chapman, 1840. Mayor, Needham M. Standart; president of the council, C. C. Waller; counoilmen, C. L. Russell, C. C. Waller, F. A. Burrows, S. H. Fox, H. A. Hurlburt, D. Sanford, S. W. Sayles, Homer Strong, Andrew White, Benjamin Sheldon, B. F. Tyler, D. H. Lamb; recorder, J. F. Tain- tor; treasurer, D. C. Van Tine; marshal, G. L. Chapman. 1841. Mayor, N. M. Standart; president of council, Richard Lord; counoilmen, S. W. Sayles, B. Sheldon, H. Strong, B. F. Tyler, A. White, C. L, Russell, D. H. Lamb, R. Lord, Albert PoweU, Ephraim Wilson, Julius A. Sayles, C. A. Russell; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, S. H. Fox, marshal, H. Strong. 1843. Mayor, F. A. Burrows; president of council, R. Lord; council- men, E. Wilson, C. A. Russell, J. A. Sayles, R. Lord, D. C. Van Tine, A. Powell, D. Grifath, H. G. Townsend, G. L. Chapman, Morris Hepburn, S. W. Sayles, B. Sheldon; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, H. N, Ward; marshal, H. Stroug, 184a. Mayor, R. Lord; president of council, S. W. Sayles; counoilmen, A. Powell, Peter Barker, Thomas Armstrong, L. L. Davis, J. A. Sayles, Seth W. Johnson, C. L. Russell, David Griffith, S. W. Sayles, G. L. Chap- man, B. Sheldon, M. Hepburn; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, H. N. Ward; marshal, H. Strong; street supervisor, George Osmun. 1844. Mayor, D. H. Lamb; president of council, R. Lord; council- men, E. T. Sterling, E. R. Benton, R. Lord, E. Hunt, B. Sheldon, G. W. Jones, A. Powell, J. A. Sayles, L. L. Davis, 8. W. Johnson, P. Barker, C- L. Russell; recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. E, Hill; marshal, H. Strong; street supervisor, G. Osmun. 1845. Mayor, D. H. Lamb; president of council, R. Lord; counoilmen, Joseph B. Palmer, Ambrose Anthony, L. L. Davis, D. Sanford, J. A.- Sayles, A. P(3well, E. R. Benton, R. Lord, E. T. Sterling, B. Sheldon, G. W. Jones, E. Huut; recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. ^Vinslow; mar- shal, Edgar Slaght; street supervisor, George Osmun. 1846. Mayor, D. H. Lamb; president of council, B. Sheldon; council- men, G. L. Chapman, B. Sheldon, S. W. Turner, G. Folsom. S. W. John- son, John Beverlin, J. B. Palmer, A. Anthony, D. Sanford, L. L. Davis, A. Powell, J. A. Sayles; recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. Winslow; marshal, G. Osmun; street supervisor, WiUiam H. Newton. 1847. Mayor, David Griffith; president of council, B, Sheldon; coun- oilmen, C. L. Russell, L. L. Davis, R. L. Russell, H. Strong, Philo Moses, Irvine U. Masters, B. Sheldon, G. L. Chapman, S. W. Turner, G. Folsom, S. W. Johnson, J. Beverlin; recorder, C. B. Hill; treasurer, S. J. Lewis; marshal, N. D. White; street supervisor, William Hartness. 1848. Mayor, John BeverUn; president of council, H. Strong; coun- oilmen, Thomas Lindsay, William S. Levake, James Kirby, F. B. Pratt, D. S. Degroate, H. N. Bissett, C. L Russell, L. L. Davis, H. Strong, I. U. Masters, P. Moses, R. L. Russell; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, C. Winslow; marshal, Lyman Whitney; street supervisor, W. H. New- ton. 1849. Mayor, Thomas Burnham; president of council, R. B. Piatt; councilmen, E. Slaght, E. M. Peck, Uriah Taylor, Martin Smith, A. W. Merrick, J. lieanson, James Kirby, F. B. Pratt, H. N. Bissett, S. C. Degroate, Thomas Lindsay, Mark Harrison; recorder, J. A. Redington; treasurer, C. Winslow ; marshal, A. P. Turner ; street supervisor, W. H. Newton. 1850. Mayor, Thomas Burnham; president of council, F. B. Pratt; councilmen, C. L. Russell, E. C. Blish, John Kirkpatrick, M. L. Hooker, F. B. Pratt, Thomas Lindsay, Uriah Taylor, A. W. Merrick, E. Slaght, M. Smith, E. M. Peck, J. Beanson; recorder, J. A. Redington; treasurer, G. Folsom ; marshal, G. Osmun ; street supervisor, W. H. Newton, 1851. Mayor, Benjamin Sheldon; president of council, C. L. Russell; councilmen, William B. Guyles, D. P. Rhodes, A. Anthony, W. H. New- ton, T. Burnham, D. Sanford, F. B. Pratt, E. C. Blish, M. L. Hooker, T. Lindsay, C. L. Russell, John Kirkpatrick; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, G. Folsom; marshal, E. H. Lewis; street supervisor, G. Osmun. 1852. Mayor, Benjamin Sheldon; president of council, C. Winslow; E. C. Blish; councilmen, H. Strong, D. C. Maylor, C. Winslow, E. C. Blish, J. Kirby, M. Crapser, D. Sanford, D. P. Rhodes, W. H. Newton, T. Burnham, W. B. Guyles, A. Anthony; recorder, C. E, Hill; treasurer, Sanford J. Lewis; marshal, Nathan K. McDole: street supervisor, A. C. Beardsley. 1853. Mayor, William B. Castle; president of council, A. PoweU; trus- tees, i). C. Taylor, Wells Porter, Daniel O. Hoyt, Plimmon C. Bennett, A. Powell, Charles L. Rhodes (resigned and A. C. Messenger appointed in his place); recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, S. J. Lewis; marshal, N. K. McDole; street supervisor, N. K. McDole. 1854. Mayor, W. B. Castle; president of council, A. Powell; trustees, W. Porter, P. C. Bennett, Charles W. Palmer. A. C. Messenger, A. Pow- ell, I. U. Masters, Frederick Silberg, Edward RusseU; recorder, C. E. Hiil; treasurer, S. J. Lewis; marshal, N. K. McDole; street supervisor, D. Griffith. OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF CLEVELAND-^rraiiged According to Years of Service.* 1836. Mayor, John W. WiUey; president of counril, Sherlock J. An- drews; Aldermen, Richard Hilliard, Joshua Mills, Nicholas Dockstader; councilmen— 1st Ward, Morris Hempburn, JohnR. St. John, William V. Craw— 2nd Ward, J. Andrews, Henry L. Noble, Edward Baldwin— 3rd Ward, Aaron T. Stickland, Horace Canfleld, Archibald M. C. Smith; attorney, H. B. Payne; treasurer, Daniel Worley; civil engineer, John Shier; clerk, Henry B. Payne, (succeeded by George B. Merwin;; street commissioner, Benjamin Rouse; marshal, George Eirk; chief of fire department, Samuel Cook. 1837. Mayor, J. W. Willey; president of council, J. Mills; aldermen, J. Mills; N. Dockstader, Jonithan Williams; couoilmen— 1st Ward, George B. Merwin, Horace Canfleld, Alfred Hall— 2nd Ward, E . Baldwin, S. Cook, H. L. Noble— 3rd Ward, S. Starkweather, Joseph K. Miller, Thomas Colahan; attorney, H. B. Payne; treasurer, D. Worley; civil engineer, J. Shier; clerk, Oliver P. Baldwin; street commissioner, W. J. Warner; marshal, George Kirk; chief of fire department, William Milford. 1838. Mayor, Joshua Mills; president of council, N. Dockstader; aldermen. N. Dockstader, Alfred Hall, Benjamin Harrington; council- men— 1st Ward, George C. Dodge, Moses A. Eldridge, Herrick Childs— 2nd Ward, Benjamin Andrews, Leonard Case, Henry Blair— 3rd Ward, Melancton Barnett, T. Colahan, T. Lemen; attorney, Moses Kelley; treasurer, Samuel Williamson; civil engineer, John Shier; clerk, A. H. Curtis; street commissioner, John Wills; marshal, Geo. Kirk; chief of fire department. Tom Lemen. 1839. Mayor, Joshua Mills; president of couueii, John A. Foot; alder- men, Harvey Rice, E. Baldwin, Richard Hilliard; councilmen— 1st Ward, George Mendenhall, Timothy P. Spencer, Moses Ross— 2nd Ward, J. A. Foot, C. M. Giddings, Jefferson Thomas— 8rd Ward, Thomas Bolton, T. Lemen, John A. Vincent; attorney, Moses Kelly; treasurer, Samuel Williamson; clerk, James B. Finney; street supervisor, John Wills; marshal, Isaac Taylor; chief of fire department, J. R. St. John. 1840. Mayor, Nicholas Dockstader; president of council, William Milford; aldermen, W. Milford, William -Lemen, Josiah A. Harris- councilmen— 1st Ward, Ashbel W. Walworth, David Hersch, John Barr —2nd Ward, David Allen, J. A. Foot, Thomas M. Kelley— 3rd Ward Stephen Clary, Charles Bradburn, J. A. Vincent; attorney, George A. Benedict; treasurer. Timothy Ingraham; clerk, James B, Finney; street supervisor, J. Wills ; market clerk, L. D . Johnson ; marshal, Isaac Tay- lor; chief of fire department, J. L. Weatherby. 1841. Mayor, J. W. Allen; president of council, T. Bolton; aldermen, W. Milford, T. Bolton, Newton E. Crittenden; councilmen— 1st Ward, Nelson Hay ward, Herrick Childs, George B. Tibbets— 2nd Ward, M. Kelley, W. J. Warner, M. (J. Younglove— 3rd Ward, Philo Scovill, Benja- min Harrington, Miller M. Spangle i-; attorney, Bushnell White ; treas- urer, T. Ingraham; clerk, Madison Kelley; street supervisor, Jefferson Thomas ; market clerk, B. S. Welch ; marshal, James A . Craw ; chief of fire department, J. L. Weatherby. 1848. Mayor, JoshuaMills; presidentofcouncil,B. Harrington; alder- men, N. Hayward, William Smyth, B. Harrington; councilmen— 1st \Vard, William D. Nott, Robert Bailey, Henry Morgan— 2nd Ward George Mendenhall, George Witherell, J. Thomas— 3rd Ward, William T. Goodwin, George Kirk, Levi Johnson; attorney, Joseph Adams; treasurer, G. B. Tibbets; clerk, Madison Kelley; street supervisor, Chas. F. Lender; market clerk, B. S. Welch; marshal, Seth A. Abbey; chief of fire department, M. M . Spangler. 1848. Mayor, Nelson Hayward; president of council, G. A. Benedict; aldermen, W. D. Nott, S. Cook, S. Starkweather; councilmen— 1st Ward, R. Bailey, John R. Wigman, James Church, Jr.— 2nd Ward, S. Clary, Alanson H, Lacy, G. A. Benedict— 3rd Ward, W. T. Goodwin, J. Wills Alexander S. Cramer; attorney, B, White; treasurer, G. li. Tibbits; clerk, M. Kelley; street supervisor, Sylvester Remington ; market clerk, B. S. Welch; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of Are department, John Outhwaite. 1844. Mayor, Samuel Starkweather; president of council, M. Barnett; aldermen, LeanderM. Hubby, S. Clary, W. T. Goodwin; councilmen 1st Ward, Thomas Mell, George F. Marshall, E. bt, John Bemis— 3nd Ward, Charles Stetson, Jacob Lowman, John Outhwaite— 3rd Ward WilUam F. Allen, M. Barnett, John F. Warner; attorney, B. White; treasurer, M. M. Spangler; clerk, M. Kelley; street supervisor, John Wills; market clerk, Benjamin Rose; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of fire department, M. M. Spangler. 1845. Mayor, Samuel Starkweather; president of council, F. W. Bing- ham; aldermen, C. W. Heard, G. Witherell, L. O. Mathews, councilmen —1st Ward, F. W. Bmgham, Peter Caul, Samuel C. Ives— 2nd Ward, James Gardner, Ellery G. Williams, David L. Wood— 3rd Ward, Arthur Hughes, John A. Wheeler, Orvllle Gurley; attorney, Geo. W. Lynde; treasurer, James E. James; clerk, M. Kelley; street supervisor, Myrou '■'Each year of official service extends over until after the election the next year. 3-24 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Dow; market clerk, George Overacker: marshal. Stoughton Bliss; chief of fire department, A. S. Sanford. 1846. Mayor, George Hoadler: president of Council, L. il. Hubby; aldermen, L. M. Hubby, JohnH. Gorman, J. A. Harris; councilmen— 1st ■Ward, E. S. Bemis. John F. Chamberlain. John Gill— 2nd Ward, William Case. William Bingham, John A. Wheeler — 3rd Ward, William K, Ad- ams, Marshall Carson, Liakim L. Lyon; attorney, Samuel Williamson; treasurer, M. 51. Spangler: clerk, James D. Cleveland: street supervisor. W. R. Richardson, (succeeded by Asa D. Howard); market clerk, Fred- erick Whitehead; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of tire department, John Gill. 1S17. Mayor. Josiah A. Harris: president of council, F. W. Bingham; alderrSen, F. W. Bingham, W. Case, Pierre A. Mathivet; councilmen — 1st Ward, David Clark Doan, Henry Everett, John Gill— 2nd Ward, John Erwin, Charles Hickox, H. B. Payne — 3rd Ward, Alexander Seymour, Alexander S. Cramer, Orville Gurley; attorney, William Strong, treas- urer, M. M Spangler; clerk, John Coon; street supervisor, J. Wills; market clerk, Benjamin Ross; marshal, B. Giles (succeeded by S. A. Abbey); chief of fire department, M. 31. Spangler (succeeded by A. S. Sanford). 1818. 3Iayor, Lorenzo A. Kelsey ; president of the council, F. W. Bing- ham; aldermen, F. W. Bingham, W. Case, Alexander Strong; council- men— 1st Ward. Richard Norton. John Gill, Charles M. Read — 2nd Ward, H. B. Payne, L. 31. Hubby, Thomas C. Floyd— 3rd Ward, S. Starkweath- er, Robert Parks. William" J. Gordon; attorney, Jabez W. Fitch; treas- urer. M. 31. Spangler: clerk. J. B. Bartlett: street supervisor, Jacob Mitchell: market clerk. O. F. Welsh; marshal, S. A. Abbay; chief of fire department, S. S. Lyon. 1849. 3Iayor. Flavel W. Bingham : president of council, William Case: aldermen. W. Case, Alexander Seymour, John Gill: councilmen— 1st Ward, David W. Cross, E. Norton. H. Everett^2nd Ward, Alexander Mcintosh, John G. 3Iack, James Colyer— 3rd Ward, Arthur Hughes, Abner C. Brownell. Levi Johnson: attorney, J. W. Fitch: treasurer, George C. Dodge; clerk. J. B. Bartlett: street supervisor, Henry Mor- gan; market clerk, O. F. Welch; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of Are department. James Bennett. 1860 Mayor. William Case; president of council, Alexander Sey- mour; aldermen. A. Seymour. J. Gill, L. 31. Hubby; councilmen— 1st Ward, William Given, George 3Vbitelaw, Buckley Stedman—3nd Ward. Alexander Jlclntosh, W. Bingham, S. Williamson— 3rd Ward, Arthur Hughes, A. C. Brownell, L. Johnson: attorney, John E.Cary; treasurer, William Hart; clerk, J. B. Bartlett: street supervisor, Jacob Mitchellj marketclerk,3Iavne Potter: marshal, S. A. Abbey: chief of fire depart ment, M. 31. Spangler. 1851. Mayor. William Case: president of council, J. Gill: aldermen, J. Gill, L. 31. Hubby. A. C. Brownell, Buckley Stedman : councilmen- 1st Ward, J. W. Fitch, G. -miitelaw-2nd Ward, A. Jlclntosh, Thomas C. Flcyd— .3rd Ward, Stoughton Bliss, 31. 31. Spangler— 4th Ward. 3Iar- shall S. Castle. James B. Wilbur: attorney. John.C^ Gramus: treasurer William Hart; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; street supervi.uuu'~^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 349 ment of large bodies of troops, of batteries and pontoon trains, and the carriage of the sick and wounded. The roads were infested with suspicious characters and peddlers, and the trains swarmed with these, to the injury of every interest in the service. There was no time for preparation. Colonel Devereux plunged into the chaotic mass, and, meeting unmoved each ob- stacle, laid at once the foundation of discipline and brought the strictest order and obedience into almost instant action. He filled the reconstructed shops with tools, and the roads with adequate equipments; quietly and patiently but persistently developed the system of military railroad law, and made it harmo- nize with the regulations of each department. He swept away with a single stroke every peddler, and leech, and spy, and thief from the trains, which now became in reality "through trains of government sup- plies," as the orders required, and were manned and officered with the most rigid discipline. He organ- ized a corps of inspection and detection which swept away all that was bad or suspicious, and made his eye eye the chief sentinel of the army, before which every- thing and everybody had to pass for recognition and approval. With strong practical sense he avoided clashing between the departments by fitting the vast machine of transportation to their wants, and thus aided greatly all the plans of- General Haupt, as of his predecessor, General McCallum. With unwearied energy he de- veloped the resources of the same ponderous machine until Alexaudria became the center of a great system, that worked with the precision of a chronometer in the distribution, under his hand, of countless stores, munitions, and troops. It mattered but little how many roadways or bridges were desti-oyed by the en- emy, the railroad trains were never behind. Major General Meade particularly was supplied with rations and forage "so magnificently," as he expressed it, un- der all circumstances, that his repeatedly expressed appreciation removed the last obstacle that might have remained to cause friction to the system. It was a gallant thing, with Pope's army driven back and scattered in confusion, to bring into Alex- andria every car and engine in saftey— in some cases working the cars up the grades by hand while the ground trembled with the shock of battle. Such work as this he repeatedly performed. It was a noble labor, that of caring for the sick and wounded, which was made a part of the military railroad work, and the United States Sanitary Commission gratefully ac- knowledged his constant and valuable aid in this direc- tion. No officer stood better with the War Secretary nor with the President, and, holding a position which could have been turned into a source of immense per- sonal gain, his integrity was beyond doubt— no man dared even attempt to bribe him. He directed and moved men and machines by a thorough system, and the result was great smoothness in operation and pre- cision in management; hence the promptness of movement and immunity from serious accident which marked the working of these military railroads. In the spring of 1864 the military railroad work was drawing to a close, and Col. Devereux felt at lib- erty to heed the calls made for his services in civil life. During his connection with the Army of the Potomac he had won the good will and respect of all, and the entire confidence of the leading men in the army and the government with whom his position brought him in contact. His resignation was re- ceived with sincere regret, and he bore with him to Ohio the hearty good wishes of those with whom he had been associated. Accepting the management of the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad, he was its vice president and general superintendent for five years, and under his control it was one of the most judicious- ly managed roads in the State. In 186G he was invited to become vice president of the Lake Shore railroad company, and soon after ac- cepting that position he was elected to the presidency. When the consolidation of the Lake Shore road with the connecting lines between Buffalo and Chicago was effected, under the name of the Lake Shore and Mich- igan Southern railroad company, he was appointed general manager, and had executive control of this great line with all its connections and branches. During his government the line was very successful, and its reputation among railroads for safety and ac- commodation to the public, and prudent and econom- ical management in the interests of the stockholders, stood deservedly high. The estimate placed upon his ability as a railway manager was so high that in June, 1873, he received overtures from the Atlantic and Great Western and the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapo- lis railroad companies of such a character that he could not in justice to his own interests refuse the offer. He accepted and held, at the same time, the position of president of both the companies. At the same time he was president of minor railroad corporations, whose lines formed part of the system of the larger companies under his direction. When he assumed control of the Atlantic and Great Western railroad its fortunes were at a low ebb. Laboring under the most discouraging odds, he succeeded in putting the line in the best condition under the circumstances, but at the close of the year 1874 it was deemed useless to continue the struggle, until a change in its financial condition had been ef- fected. He was accordingly made receiver, and shortly afterwards resigned his position as president and director, as incompatible with that of receiver appointed by the courts. His appointment to the position just named was received with satisfaction by all concerned, who knew that their clashing inter- ests were in safe and honorable hands. Although never a politician, Col. Devereux has al- ways manifested an active interest in public affairs. Twice he was tendered a nomination to Congress, but declined. He is a man of large brain, great capacity 350 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. for work, generous impulses and a benevolent heart. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, and very ac- tive in its affairs, particularly in missionary and Sunday-school work, laboring zealously and giving freely to aid the cause of religion. In the Masonic order he ranks high, and in 1860 was elected Thrice Illustrious Grand Master of the Grand Council of Ten- nessee. He was married in 1851 to Miss Antoinette C. Kelsey, daughter of Hon. Lorenzo A. Kelsey, for- merly mayor of Cleveland. They liave four children. WILLIAM H. DOAN. William H. Doan is descended from one of the oldest families in the country, which has, for genera- tions, supplied many substantial and worthy mem- bers to the community. The name is an old one in the county of Cheshire, England, and is thus alluded to in the " Patronymic'a Brittanica" by Lower: "Done — A great Cheshire family, whom Omerod designates as a ' race of warriors ' who held Utkinton (supposed to be the Done of Domesday) as military tenants of Venables from the time of King John. The chiefs of this house will be found in the battle- rolls of Agincourt, Bloreheath and Plodden. The name is pronounced Done (o long) and is also spelled Doane by members of the same (Cheshire) family." John Doan, the founder of the Doan family in this country, crossed the Atlantic in one of the three first ships that sailed to Plymouth, landing at that famous spot in the year 1630. A brother came after- ward and settled in Canada, and another bi'other settled in Virginia, where he founded an extensive family. John Doan took a prominent and useful part in the affairs of Plymouth colony, and in 1633 was chosen assistant to Governor Winslow. In addi- tion to that and other civil offices which he held, he was made a deacon in the church at Plymouth and at Eastham. He died in 1685 at the advanced age of ninety-five years. His wife's name was Abigail, and by her he had five children — Lydia, Abigail, John, Ephraim and Daniel. Daniel had four children by his first wife, among wliom was Joseph Doan, who was born June 27, 1669. Joseph had twelve children by two wives. He was a deacon of the church at Eastham for forty years, and was a pious and God-fearing man. His first child was named Mary after her mother, and the second, Joseph, after his father. Joseph, Jr., was born November 15, 1693, and married Deborah Had- dock September 30, 1725. He moved to Middle Haddam, near Middletown, on the Connecticut river, and there engaged in ship-building. His children were Joseph, Nathaniel, Seth, Eunice and Phineas. Seth was born June 9, 1733, and married Mercy Parker in 1758. Both died in 1802. They had nine children— Seth, Timothy, Elizabeth, Nathaniel, Job (who died early), Mercy, Job, John M. and Deborah. The two Seth Doans, father and son, were taken pris- oners by the British from a merchant vessel in 1776, during the Revolution, the father at the time being njate of the vessel on which he was captured. They were released in 1777, and soon after the younger Seth died from sickness contracted while a prisoner, and due to his captivity. Nathaniel, fourth child of Seth and Mercy Doan, was born about the year 1764. He came to Cuyahoga county, Ohio, in 1796, with the party which surveyed the Western Eeserve, and in 1798 moved thither with his family. The route of emigration was down the Connecticut river, along the coast by vessel to New York, up the Hudson river, across by land to Lake On- tario and thence by boat to the mouth of the Cuya- hoga river. The family lived in the then little village of Cleveland until the next fall, when they I'emoved to what is now the east part of the city of Cleveland, settling at the " Corners," jnst west of Wade Park. Nathaniel Doan was a man of great piety and of sterling qualities. The first Presbyterian church- society in the Western Eeserve was organized in his house, and was known as the First Presbyterian church, of which he was appointed deacon. He mar- ried Sarah Adams, of Chatham, Connecticut. His children were Sarah, Job (who died young). Job, Delia, Nathaniel and Mercy. He died November 39, 1815. Job, his eldest son, was born June 10, 1789, and was nine years of age when he came with his father to Ohio, where he experienced in his youth all the pri- vations of pioneer life. At the age of twenty-six he was married to Harriet Woodruff, daughter of Na- thaniel and Isabel Woodruff, of Morris county. New Jersey. She was born August 31, 1797, and came to Ohio in 1814. Job Doan took a prominent part in the aifairs of the town and county. He was a VVIiig in politics, and in 1832 and 1833 was a mem- ber of the legislature. He was also a justice of the peace for many years. He likewise built and kept the first hotel in East Cleveland. Although he had but a limited education himself, he was a liberal supporter of educational interests, and was also an enterprising and public-spirted citizen, charitable and generous to a fault. He died on the 30th of September, 1834, of cholera. He had eight children, Nathaniel Adams, Sarah C, who is now the wife of John Walters, Har- riet J., Lucy Ann, Martha M. (who died in infancy), William H., Martha M., and Edwin W. William H. Doan, the subject of this sketch, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on the 3d of July, 1828. He was educated in the public schools, and the Shaw Academy of Euclid, also attending Mr. Beatty's pre- paratory school in Cleveland. At the age of twenty he entered the law office of Hitchcock, Wilson & Wade where he remained nine months. Soon after- ward he generously voluntered to go to Sandusky to assist in caring for the sufferers by the cholera, and rendered faithful service until the disease abated. In 1849 he went to California, and remained in that State a period of ten years, engaged in various BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 351 pursuits, such as mining, trading, etc. His business ventures proving unsuccessful, he returned to Ohio, and, after remaining one year in Cleveland, went to Corry, Pennsylvania, where he resided from 1861 to 1865. Daring that time he was engaged in build- ing shanties along the line of the Atlantic and Great Western railroad, and served as an employee in various positions on the Oil Creek railroad. He also went into the commission business, selling crude oil, with a partner, under the firm name of W. H. Doan & Co. The trade in oil rapidly increasing,' he removed to Cleveland, where he entered more extensively into the trafiBc. He subsequently engaged in the manu- facture of oils and naphtha, which has proved moder- ately successful. He employs at the present time fifty hands, having considerably extended the busi- ness. As a citizen Mr. Doan deservedly takes a high rank. A member of the Congregational church, in which he holds the ofiSces of deacon and trustee, he has contrib- uted freely, both in time and money, to the interests of Christianity and charity. In public enterprise and jDenevolent. projects he is ever ready and willing to lend a helping hand. He originated and built, mostly with his own funds, the Tabernacle, located on the corner of St. Clair and Ontario streets, which he has devoted to the use of the people of Cleveland. He is deeply interested in the Sunday school woi'k, serving at present as superin- tendent of the Tabernacle school. In politics he is a Prohibitionist, being an active and untiring worker in tlie cause of temperance. His many social qualities and personal virtues have won the esteem of a large circle of friends, and the respect of all with whom he he has been brought in contact. He was married on the 31st of July, 1861, to Miss E. J. Hemmel, of New York City. DAN P. EELL8. Major Samuel Eells came to this country from Barnstable, England, and settled in Dorchester, Mas- sachusetts, probably in the year 1633, where his son, Samuel, was born. Major Eells returned to England while his son was yet a babe, and remained until Samuel, Jr., was twenty-one years old, who then re- turned to the land of his nativity, and settled at Mil- ford, Connecticut, where he was a lawyer and an officer in the army. He died at Hiugham, Massachusetts, at the age of sixty-nine. Nathaniel, his third son, was graduated at Harvard University, and was settled as pastor over the church at Scituate, Massachusetts. Edward Eells, son of Nathaniel, was also graduated at Harvard, and was settled over the church at Middle- town, Connecticut. James Eells, son of Edward, was graduated at Yale College in 1763, and like his two preceding ancestors became a clergyman, being settled over the church at Glastonbury, Connecticut. His son, James, was also graduated at Yale in 1799, and was pastor over the Presbyterian church in Westmore- land, Oneida county, New York, in 1804. He re- moved to Ohio in 1831, where he resided in Worth- ington, Franklin county, in Charlestown, Portage county, and in Amherst, Lorain county, until the death of his wife, in 1849, after which he lived in the families of his sons until May 3, 1866, when he died at Grafton, Lorain county, from being injured by a locomotive on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad. Rev. James Eells had seven children, one of whom, a daughter, died in infancy. The remaining six, five sons and one daughter, all born in Westmoreland, Oneida county, New York, lived to mature years. James Henry was educated at Hamilton College and Princeton Theological Seminary, was pastor of the Presbyterian church at Elyria, Ohio, and after- ward at Perrysburg, where he was drowned in the Maumee river, December 7, 1836. Samuel, born May 21, 1810, was educated at Hamilton College, where he was graduated in 1832. He became a lawyer and settled in Cincinnati, where he was for a time a part- ner of the late chief justice, S. P. Chase. He was the founder of the college society. Alpha Delta Phi, and, though less than thirty-two years of age at the time of his death, he was ranked among the very ablest lawyers of his time, and as an advocate had no superior at the Cincinnati bar. Mary Lucretia, born June 18, 1812, married Dr. Asa B. Brown, at Elyria Ohio, December 31, 1835, and died at Cleveland February 9, 1855. Timothy D wight, born November 1, 1815, died at Cleveland, April 18, 1876. James, born August 27, 1822, was edu- cated at Hamilton College and Auburn Theolog- ical Seminary. He was first settled over the Pres- byterian church at Penn Yan, New Y^'ork; was after- wards pastor of the Second Presbyterian church in Cleveland, and also of the Dutch Reformed church on the Hights, in Brooklyn, New York, whence he removed to San Francisco, and became the pastor of the First Presbyterian church of that city. He is now pastor of the First Presbyterian church in Oakland, California, and professor of pastoral theology in the San Francisco Theological Seminary. Dan Parmlee Eells was born April 16, 1825. He entered Hamilton College, but before completing his course removed to Cleveland, where he continued his studies, being graduated with the class of 1848. In March, 1849, he was given a position in the Com- mercial Branch of the State Bank of Ohio. Here he remained until 1857, manifesting such decided financial abilities and winning so many friends among business men, that he was solicited to become a part- ner in a private banking house, and the firm of Hall, Eells & Co. was formed, Mr. Eells being the manag- ing partner. In November, 1858, the managers of the Commercial Branch Bank, desirous of regaining his services, elected him their cashier. In tliis posi- tion he remained until 1865, when the charter of the institution expired. The Commercial National Bank was now organized, and the' business of the Commer- 352 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. cial Branch Bank was transferred to it. Mr. W. A. Otis was chosen president, and Mr. Eells, vice presi- dent. On the death of Mr. Otis, in 1868, Mr. Eells was elected president, and has remained in that posi- tion until the present , time. This has heen one of the flourishing banking institutions of the city, having a capital stock of $1,350,000, and a large surplus. It has always pursued a liberal but prudent policy under Mr. Eells' management; the wisdom of which is manifest by its large and profitable business. He has also been interested in other large business enter- prises; being a director and the vice president of the Republic Iron Company; a director in the Otis Steel and Iron Company, and having large investments in numerous manufacturing and other enterprises. Although so largely engaged in business, he has al- ways found time to assist in all the benevolent projects of the time. He is the treasurer of the Cleveland Or- phan Asylum, and the Betliel Home has always had his warm support. When the Cleveland Bible Society was organized, in 1857, Mr. Eells was chosen its treas- urer, which position he held until 1877, when he was elected its president. Mr. Eells married Mary, daughter of George A. Howard, of Orrville, Ohio, on the 13th of September, 1849. They had two children; Howard Parmlce, born June 16, 1855, and Emma Paige, born April 8, 1857. He married as his second wife, Mary, daugliter of Stillman Witt, of Cleveland, on the 15th of June, 1861. By this marriage there have been four children, Eliza Witt, born July 1, 1867, who died from injuries by explosion of the steamer "Chautauqua," on Chautau- qua lake, August 15, 1871; Stillman Witt, born April 24, 1873; and William Hamilton and Winifred Doug- lass, (twins), born October 30, 1874; of whom William H. died July 16, and Winifred D. July 17, 1875. Mr. Eells is an elder of the Second Presbyterian church, and is one of its most active supporters. A descend- ant of a long line of honorable and educated ancestors, six generations of whom have been clergymen in the New England Presbyterian and Congregational churches, Mr. Eells' life has been an example, socially and morally, of what may be expected from such a lineage. SYLVESTER T. EVERETT. The subject of this sketch, a son of Samuel Ever- ett, a prominent merchant and manufacturer, was born in Liberty township, Trumbull county, Ohio, on the 27th of November, 1838. He was educated in the common schools of his native town and lived on his father's farm until 1850. In that year he came to Cleveland, to reside with his brother. Dr. Henry Everett; attending the public schools until 1853, when he entered the employ of S. Raymond & Co. In March of the succeeding year he was admitted to a clerkship in the banking house of Brockway, Wa- son, Everett & Co., and three years after his en- trance was promoted to the position of cashier. In 1859 he was called to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to aid in settling up the affairs of his uncle, Charles Everett, Esq., a well known merchant, who was about to retire from active business life. After a year spent in that work he returned to Cleveland and resumed his position in the banking house. In 1867, the firm having changed by the retirement of two of the partners, he became a member of the new firm of Everett, Weddell & Co. In 1869 the Republicans nominated him for city treasurer, and he was elected by a decided majority. At the end of the first year he presented to the council a clear, con- cise and complete statement of the financial affairs of the city. This had not been done for some time be- fore. The outstanding obligations of the city were at the same time managed with such ability that the outlay for interest was largely reduced, and the credit of the city was so greatly improved that the municipal bonds were sought for by investors at a decided ad- vance, and in many instances a premium. This im- proved condition of the city's financial management continuing, he was renominated at the end of his term of two years, and re-elected by a large majority. In 1873, at the end of his second term, he was nominated by both the Republican and Democratic conventions, and was again elected, receiving the largest vote that had ever been polled for one candi- date from the organization of the city to that time. In 1875, and again in 1877, the same complimept was paid him; he being a third time the. nominee of both parties, and elected by a unanimous vote. In 1879 he was unanimously nominated by the Re- publican party — the Democrats making a separate nomination. This election was hotly contested upon local issues, but he nevertheless was elected by about five thousand majority, running nearly three thousand votes ahead of his ticket. The confidence of the public in Mr. Everett's abil- ity as a financier, and his trustworthiness as a man, was shown not only by his election for six consecutive terms to one of the most important and responsible positions in the city government, but also by the other offices of trust to which he was chosen without his seeking. In 1876 he was elected one of the direc- tors and also vice president of the Second National Bank, one of the leading institutions of the State. He assumed the management on the 1st of June, 1876, and the following year was made the president, which position he still holds. He is also vice presi- dent and treasurer of the Valley Railway Company, and it was largely through his influence that funds were raised for the completion of this road. He is a director of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company; of the Union Steel Screw Company; the Citizens' Savings and Loan Association; the Saginaw Mining Company, Lake Superior; the American District Tel- egraph Company, and of Everett, Weddell and Co., bankers; he is also a director and the treasurer of the Northern Ohio Fair Association. All these enter- prises have found in him an efficient and trustworthy BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 353 officer. In addition, the managers of several others have secured his co-operation, feeling assured that the trust confided in him would be wisely and faithfully managed. His capacity for work is almost unlimited, and his financial ability is unquestioned, while his uni- form good temper, displayed in all business transac- tions, renders him one of the most popular of Cleve- land's citizens. He is enterprising and public spirit- ed, liberal and benevolent in regard to charitable institutions and causes, and highly esteemed in all the relations of life. JAMES FARMER. Jiimes Farmer is a native of Georgia, having been born near Augusta on the 19th day of July, ] 802. His ancestors came from England during the early partdf the seventeenth century, where the family had been honorably mentioned since the days of Henry the Eighth, and especially so during the time of Charles the Second. Mr. Parmer's grandfather took an active part on the patriot side in the stirring scenes of the Revolution, participating in numerous battles fought in Georgia and the Carolinas. His father, on account of slavery, decided to leave the South, and in 1805 moved to the then newly admitted State of Ohio, settling upon a tract of land in Columbiana county, where he re- mained until the fall of 1818, when he removed to what is now known as Saliueville, in the same county. Here young James grew to manhood, availing him- self of such opportunities as then existed for acquir- ing an education, while devoting a large share of his time to helping on the farm and in the manufacture of salt, which his father had undertaken. In 1834, at the age of twenty-two, the young man leased his father's salt works, and, having enlarged them, de- voted himself for four years to this industry. In 1838, however, he concluded to extend his busi- ness, and therefore crossed the mountains to Phila- delphia and purchased a stock of goods suitable to the demands of a new country; thus beginning a mercantile career in which he continued nearly thirty years. In 1834 Mr. Farmer was married to Miss Meribah Butler, a young lady of English parentage who had previously removed with her parents to Ohio from Philadelphia. In 1838 he built what was for those times a large flouring mill, after which he increased his business by purchasing wheat and manufacturing it into flour, wiiich he shipped to the cities of New York, Phila- delpliia, Boston and New Orleans. In carrying on these pursuits, Mr. Farmer had occasion to travel very widely, thus acquiring a knowlege of the great com- mercial interests of the country, and coming into business relations with a large circle of wealthy and influential men. In 1844, before the era of railways in Ohio, when the transfer of freight and passengers was carried 45 on principally by water, Mr. Farmer built a fine steamer which was employed several years in the profitable trade of the Ohio and Mississippi rivers; running between Pittsburg, Cincinnati, St. Louis and New Orleans. In the year 1846 Mr. Farmer, with his usual enterprise, was foremost in securing a char- ter for the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad company. He was made its president and devoted his time, his money and, what was most important of all, his untiring energy, to the construction of the road. Under his able mana.gement it was completed from Cleveland to the Ohio river in about five years. This road opened up a large amount of mineral wealth, and gave a great impetus to the business of Cleveland, especially to the coal trade. In 1856 Mr. Farmer removed with his family to the "Forest City," and engaged in the coal business; having mines of his own which he has worked success, fully for the past twenty-five years. Since coming to Cleveland he has also identified himself with the man- ufacturing of iron, and with the banking interests of the city. In 1858 Mr. Farmer was again called to the presi- dency of the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad com- pany, and in order to facilitate its management the superintendency was also assigned him. It was mainly through his wise and economical administration that the road was ke2)t from falling into the hands of its bondholders, a fate that befel many railroads after the disastrous financial crash of 1857. In 1859 Mr. Farmer, feeling that the company was again upon a safe footing, retired from the presidency. He re- mained a member of the board of directors, however, for several years longer, when he withdrew entirely, having served the company, in all, nearly twenty years. Mr. Farmer, although devoting himself principally to his own business, ever kept the welfare of Cleve- land in view, and, as he was convinced that the city's greatness depended on its manufactures, he deter- mined to labor for the construction of a new railway- line to the nearest coal fields. In 1870 he began, through the press and otherwise, the agitation of the subject, as one of vital importance to the future pros- perity of the city. In 1871 the Valley railway company was organized, the object of which was to build a road from Cleve- land by way of Akron and Canton, into the very heart of the great coal and iron fields of Ohio. Mr. Farmer was chosen president of the company and the work of construction begun in the spring of 1873. Owing, however, to the great financial crash in the fall of that year, the work was suspended, but the company's affairs kept in such trim that it was able to go on at the first oi)portunity, and in 1878 the first rails were laid. At the present time the road is nearly completed to Canton, a distance of sixty miles from Cleveland, and its entire success is fully assured. Mr. Farmer has thus been the principal promoter of two railways, one of which has given to Cleveland its 354 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. great manufacturing importance as well as that large part of its commerce which depends on its manufac- tures, and the other of which promises largely to in- crease both its commerce and its manufactures. Mr. Parmer is now seventy-seven years of age, but is still hale and hearty. He has the companionship of his wife and five children, and with his children's children around him still looks forward to many years of useful life. He is an honored member of the Soci- ety of Friends. He has never sought political prefer- ment, but has moved quietly in the business walks of life, devoting his time and energy to enterprises for the public good, believing that a man has higher duties than the mere acquisition of wealth, and that he who lives to benefit mankind has ennobled his own soul, and may well rest when life's labor is done. He possesses a well-balanced mind, maturing all his plans by careful consideration, has a calm judgment, is serene in disposition, and is charitable to the fail- ings of others. He is genial as a friend, kind and indulgent as a husband and father, and is generally esteemed, respected and beloved. He is a close ob- server of both men and things, and may truly be said to be the architect of his own fortunes. He possesses a strong will which has carried him over all obstacles in his business enterprises. He has lived to see his efforts for the public good crowned with success, and is entitled to enjoy the honorable old age that is his. SENECA O. GRISWOLD. This gentleman, a prominent member of the legal fraternity of Cleveland, was born at Windsor, Con- necticut, on the 20th of December, 1823. He is a direct descendant in the sixth generation from Ed- ward Griswold, who settled in Windsor in 1635, and who was the ancestor of a considerable number of men, distinguished in literature, science and pro- fessional life. In his youth, Mr. Griswold attended the Suffield Connecticut Literary Institute until he attained his seventeenth year. In 1841 he came to Ohio, and the following year entered Oberlin College as a member of the freshman class. He was graduated in 1845 and immediately afterward returned to Connecticut, where he taught for one year in the academy of his native town. Eeturning to Ohio at the expiration of that time, he entered the law ofiice of Messrs. Bolton & Kelly, of Cleveland, and remained with them until admitted to the bar in 1847. In the spring of 1848 he formed a partnership with the Hon. John C. Grannis, and at ouce entered on the practice of his profession. After remaining in that partnership three years he entered the firm of Bolton & Kelly, the name of which then became Bolton, Kelly & Griswold. In 1856 Mr. Bol- ton was elected to the bench, and the firm then changed its name to Kelly & Griswold, which appel- lation it retained until the death of the former gentle- man in 1870. In 1861 Mr. Griswold was elected a member of the general assembly, and served one term. While a mem- ber of the legislature he afforded valuable assistance in organizing the railroad sinking-fund commission and also in procuring for the city a paid fire depart- ment. The year after tlio death of Mr. Kelly he formed a copartnership with Mr. Isaac Buckingham, a former student, with whom he was associated two years. He was then, in 1873, elected one of the judges of the superior court of Cleveland, and during the same year was elected, by both Democrats and Eepublicans, as a member of the State constitutional convention. In this convention he held a prominent position, serv- ing, with marked ability as chairman of the commit- tee on coi'porations and as a member of the appor- tionment committee. Mr. Griswold was chieiiy in- strumental in establishing the Cleveland Law Library association, of wiiicli he was, for many years, the pres- ident. Upon the expiration of his judicial term Mr. Griswold returned to the practice of his profession with renewed ardor, and in 1878 again became associated with Mr. Grannis, which connection he has maintained to tlie present time. He delivered an oration at the centennial celebra- tion in the city of Cleveland, on the 4th of July, 1876, which was acknowledged by all to be an eloquent and able address, well worthy of the occasion which called it forth. As a judge Mr. Griswold commanded the respect of all by his learning and impartiality, and as a lawyer he stands in the front rank of the profession; his ex- tensive reading, well-balanced judgment and logical reasoning making him a most reliable counselor and successful practitioner. Mr. Griswold was married, in 1858, to Helen Lucy Eobinson of Westfield, New York. His wife died in 1871, since when he has remained unmarried. EDWm B. HALE. The subject of this sketch, who is one of the most prominent and successful bankers and business men of the city, belongs to one of the oldest and best known families in England and the United States; and, although it would greatly transcend the limits allowed here to trace its history at length and mention all who have reflected credit on their ancient and honorable name, yet a brief notice of a few points may not be inappropriate. In the history and antiquities of the county of Essex, England, by Philip Mornant, London, 1768, we find numerous references to the family of Hales. As early as the thirteenth century the family name appears among the burgesses in parliament, and is re- ferred to in the history of the reigns of Richard the First, Edward the Third and their immediate successors. Many members of the family were called to offices of trust and position by the communities in BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 353 which they lived, and the name is mentioned with honor in both civil and military annals — Sir Mat- thew Hale, the upright Judge, being one of the most distinguished of the family. The office of high sheriff of the county was frequently filled by some one bear- ing the name of Hale, and the family has almost con- tinously had a representative in one or both houses of parliament. Members of the family at an early date settled in New England; the first settler of the name in Con- necticut being Samuel Hale, (sou of William Hale, Esq., of Kings Walden, England, high sheriff of Hert- fordshire in 1621, who married Rose, duiaghter of Sir George Bond, Knight Lord Mayor of London, in 1587,) who located in the neighborhood of Hartford about the year 1640. In the annals of Glastonbury, Connecticut, (so named from the famous old monastic town iu England, which was distinguished as a seat of learning and where the first Christian church was erected about the year 600) we find th^ names of his descendants quite prominent; they being engaged in various wars of the olden time — notably in King Phil- ip's war, the old French and Indian war and the wai' of the Revolution. In the war of the Revolution no less than sixteen able bodied men, heads of families, by the name of Hale, all from this small settlement of Glastonbury, attached themselves to the army as sol- diers and gave good evidence of their patriotism by risking their lives in their country's service. Philo Hale, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a man of remarkable energy and enterprise, and was the first who engaged iu and established the business of ship building on the Connecticut river, which he conducted successfully until the sudden outbreak of the war of 1813. The war ruined his business and involved him in serious loss. He afterwards traveled extensively abroad, but, finding no foreign country like his native land, came back, im- proved his broken fortunes and, attracted by the beauty of the prairie country, gave his means and ener- gies to the development of the interests of central Illi- nois, where he died In 1848, universally esteemed and respected as a public-spirited citizen. The son of whom we write was born in Brooklyn, Long Island, February 8, 1819. During his infancy his parents removed to Connecticut, and gave him in early youth the advantages of the best schools. The death of his mother, two brothers and a sister, at an early period of life, prevented him from entering Yale College, and defeated all the family plans for his fur- ther education. The young boy then found himself dependent upon the sympathy of distant relatives. He came to Ohio, and entered Kenyon College in 1837, where he gave his entire attention to his studies and graduated with the honors of his class in 1841, having a personal friend in every member of the faculty and the kind regard of all his fellow students. Fond of letters, it was his intention to devote himself to the pursuts of literature, but after much discussion, and rather in deference to the wish of his father, he turned his attention to the legal profession and entered the office of Goddard & Converse, attorneys at Zanesville, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar, after an examina- tion conducted by the Hon. Joseph Root, in 1843. After this, business required his presence in Illinois, and absorbed his attention for several years. In 1853, after the death of his father, he removed to Cleveland, attracted thither by its beautiful situa- tion, its climate, the enterprise of its citizens, and its educational and other advantages. He there com- menced business as a private banker and is still so engaged. Mr. Hale is a strictly conscientious and conservative man, cautious and considerate, thought- ful and well balanced. In his business relations he is highly respected, and his counsel is freely and fre- quently sought. In his immediate social circle genial and pleasant, he is cherished and beloved. As a citizen he is quiet and unostentatious, but always interested in every measure for the public good, and the poor have ever found in him a true and sympathetic friend. In 1846 he was married to the daughter of S. N. Hoyt, Esq., of Chardon, Ohio, and now has three sons and four daughters living, some of whom are married and reside in the immediate neighborhood of their father's residence. TRUMA.N P. HANDY. Truman P. Handy was born in Paris, Oneida coun- ty, New York, on the 17th day of January, 1807. He received a good education at an academy and made preparations for entering college, but at the age of eighteen he accepted a clerkship in the Bank of Geneva, in Ontario county in that State. Five years later he resigned and removed to Buffalo, to assist in the organization of the Bank of Buffalo, in which he held the position of teller for one year. In 1832 he removed to Cleveland, having been in- vited there for the purpose of resuscitating the Com- mercial Bank of Lake Brie, established in 1816, the charter of which had been purchased by Hon. George Bancroft, of Massachusetts. Mr. Handy accepted the post of cashier and reorganized the bank, which prospered until 1843, when its charter expired and a renewal was refused by the legislature. In the finan- cial crash of 1837 it had been compelled to accept real estate in settlement of the estate of its involved customers, and thus became one of the largest land- holders in the city. When its business was closed Mr. Handy was appointed trustee to divide this pop- erty among the stockholders. This task he completed in 1845. Meanwhile he had, in 1843, established a private banking house under the firm name of T. P. Handy & Co., in conducting the business of which he met with his accustomed success. In 1845 Mr. Handy organized the Commercial Branch Bank, under the act of legislature of that year authorizing the estab- lishment of the State Bank of Ohio. He assumed the cashiership and was also the acting manager. The 356 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. success of his uiiinagement of its affairs may be in- fen-od from the fact that tlie stockholders realized an average of twenty per cent, on their investments for a period of twenty years, until the termination of the charter in 1865. In 1861 Mr. Handy was called upon to revive the credit of another important institution, which had been seriously crippled by the failure of the Ohio Life and Trust Company. He accepted the presidency of the establishment in question (the Merchants' Branch of the State Bank of Ohio), and under his manage- ment it rapidly recovered its lost ground. In Febru- ary, 1865, it was reorganized as the Merchants' Na- tional Bank under the United States banking law, with a capital of one million dollars, six hundred thousand of which were paid in. Mr. Handy was elected president of the reorganized institution, and conducted its affairs with great success. From 1850 to 1860 he also served as treasurer of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad company, and managed its finances with sagacity and skill. This position he resigned in 1860, but has ever since been a director of the company. Mr. Handy was also among the tirst to demonstrate the practicability of establishing a profitable commerce with Europe, direct from the lake ports. In 1858 he despatched three of a fleet of ten merchant vessels, mostly laden with lumber and staves, which left Cleveland for English ports, and since thixt time there has been more or less direct trade maintained between Eurof)e and the ports of the American lakes.. Mr. Handy never sought nor held positions of polit- ical prominence. Few, however, have taken so deep an interest in educational and philanthropic causes, or labored so earnestly for their success. He served as a member of the board of education with Charles Bradbnru, and was one of that gentleman's ablest coadjutors in the arduous task of reorganizing and improving the school system of Cleveland. In the Sunday-schools he was for more than forty years a constant worker both as superintendent and teacher, taking an actiTC part in all measures calculated to extend their field of usefulness. For twenty-one years he was president of the Industrial Homo and Children's Aid Society, of which he has ever been one of the most liberal supporters. A life-long and sincere member of the Presbyterian church, he is singularly free from "isms" of any de- scription, and at all times advocated their exclusion from moral or political theoi'ies or questions. He is broad and liberal in his views, generous and just in his acts, universally esteemed and jiarticularly beloved by children. He is one of the few citizens to be found in any community whose effective labors for the relief of the poor and helpless, and the rescue of the ignorant and vicious, justly entitle them to the name (if philanthropists. He made three extended visits to Europe, chiefly for the purpose of investigating the financial, religious and educational systems of the old world, and Cleveland was equally benefited with him- self by the valuable knowledge he there gained. In March, 1833, Mr. Handy was married to Miss Harriet N. Hall of Geneva, New York, by whom he has one daughter, who married Hon. John S. Newbei- ry, of Detroit, Michigan. BENJAMIN HARRINGTON. Benjamin Harrington was born in Shelburn, Ver- mont, on the 4th of February, 1806. His father, Captain Benjamin Harrington, was a native of Coii- necticnt, and in early life had been a sea captain, but left the sea ftid settled in Shelburn, where for a num- ber of years he was a leading merchant and promi- nent business man. He built a church, and built and owned a store, a hotel and six or more dwelling houses, in that village. The subject of this notice was the fifth of a family of seven children. His father died when he was quite young, and he was thus thrown upon his own resources at an eai'ly age. When fifteen years old he went to Canada, where he remained several years, and then moved to Buffalo, New York. He returned to Canada at the expiration of two years, and thence moved to Cleveland in November, 1835, one year be- fore it was incorj)orated as a city. He first leiiscd, and kept for several years, the old Franklin House. In 1838 he was elected alderman, and served in that Cfipacity one year. In 1841 he was chosen council- man, and the following year was again elected alder- man and made president of the city council. Mr. Harrington retired from the city government in 1843, and did not again enter it. From that time until 1858 he devoted his time and energy to the management of his business, which he began to increase by purchasing land and erecting business blocks. He was appointed to several positions of public trust. Among others he was postmaster under President Buchanan from 1858 to 1860, and was made a State commissioner to close up the affairs of the old Commercial Bank of Lake Erie. He was one of the six who formed the banking firm of S. W. Crittenden & Co., which was afterwards transformed into the First National Bank. The application to be thus organized was the first on record in the United States, and one of the first acted upon. After his retirement from active business life, Mr. Harrington devoted his attention to the supervision of his property and to works of charity. He gave liberally to numerous benevolent objects, but his charity was always governed by a wise discrimination. In later life he took but little interest in politics. He was a man of most generous impulses, large hearted, and universally popular among all classes of people; noted for his strict integrity and honor in all business transactions, and a self-made man in the highest sense. In every position of trust which he held he enjoyed the complete confidence of those whom he er BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 357 represented, and displayed upon all occasions his abil- ity to perform the duties devolving upon him. He was a sagacious business man, a kind employer and in every respect a good citizen. Although not a member of any church organization, he was a liberal contributor to the cause of Christian- ity and a constant attendant upon divine service. For many years he was a vestryman of Trinity (Episcopal) church. He died on the 30th of January, 1878, be- ing just five days less than seventy-two years of age. Mr. Harrington was married on the 17th day of January, 1832, to Chloe W. Prentiss, daughter of Samuel Prentiss of Rutland, Vermont. Mrs. Har- rington died several years before her husband. They left no family, but are mourned by the many friends to whom they were endeared by their noble qualities of mind and heart. HENRY J. HERRICK. Dr. Henry J. Herrick, one of Ohio's native sons, who has for several years occupied a conspicuous place among the physicians and, surgeons of Cleveland, was born at Aurora, Portage county, on the 20th day of January, 1833. His parents came of New England stock, his father being a native of Massachusetts, and his mother of Connecticut. Early in life they set their faces toward the west, and located in Oliio, where, with the energy and faith necessary on the part of all good pioneers, they bravely began the battle for existence. Beneath the watchful care of the father, the sons and daughters were taught valu- able lessons in the lore which leads to success; while within the sacred domain of a Christian mother's in- fluence they drank the inspiration of her pious teach- ings, and ever sought to honor lier precepts by lifting their lives to the elevated moral standard which she had set up before them. When Henry wasbutalad, his father removed with his family to Twinsburg in Summit county, where the youth divided his time between occasional attend- ance at a public school and hard labor upon his father's farm and in his saw-mill. Thus passed his years upon the "even tenor of their way" until he reached the age of eighteen, when an oifer made by his father aroused his latent ambition, and gave shape to his whole future career. Of all the seven sons of his fatlier, he alone accepted the offer made by the latter; which was that he would aid in providing a liberal education for that son who would agree to forego all claim to receive an " outfit " at his majority. Henry joyfully embraced the opportunity, and without delay began preparing for college at the Twinsburg academy, under the capable instruction of Rev. Samuel Bissell— still working on the farm dur- ing his vacation. Being duly prepared at the age of twenty-one, he entered Williams College, at Williams- town, Massachusetts, where he spent four years in arduous study — during which he passed his vacations profitably in barrel-making, lumbering, and school teaching — the latter occupation also i-equiring his at- tention during two winters. He was then graduated with high honors, finding himself endowed Avith not only the learning of the schools, but with a good deal ' of practical experience and no little mechanical skill. One of his comrades at Williams was James A. Gar- field, since so celebrated as a soldier and statesman, and tliese two, from their large, powerful forms, were known as the " Ohio Giants." Greatly to the disappointment of his father, who hoped to see him embrace the ministry, young Her- rick decided to enter the medical professoh, and, dur- ing one of his vacations, he attended a partial course of lectures at the Berkshire Medical. College, Pitts- field, Massachusetts. Retui'ning to Ohio in 1858, he at once went to work for his uncle, who was a farmer. In the fall of that year, having saved tweuty-nine dollars, he set out, with his father's consent, for Cleveland, where he hoped by some means to make his way through a course at the medical college. Means he had none, save his twenty-nine dollars, and he was, moreover, " a stranger iu a strange land," but he had a stout heart, and he never doubted that he would accomplish his desire. He sought employ- ment as a teacher, that he might earn money to pay for his tuition, but in vain. By a lucky chance he was directed to Dr. M. L. Brooks, in whose office he became a student, and whom he compensated partly with office labor, and partly with the gains derived from teaching in one of tlie city evening schools. By the aid of the means thus acquii-ud he also managed to attend lectures at the Cleveland Medical College. After teaching school subsequently (in 1859 and 1860) at Geauga Seminary, iu Geauga county, and still later in Solon, Cuyahoga county, he went to Chicago in the summer of 1860, where he resumed his medical studies with Dr. Daniel Brainard, and through the influence of that eminent surgeon he was appointed house physician at the United States marine hospital in Chicago. Entering' Rush Medical College also, he graduated from that institution in the spring of 1861 with thedegree of M.D., and about that time received likewise from Williams College the degree of A. M. Returning shortly afterwards to Cleveland, he was employed as one of Dr. Brooks' assistants at the United States marine hospital, and in February, 1862, entered the army as assistant surgeon of the Seven- teenth Ohio Infantry. During a portion of his ser- vice he was in charge of General Hospital, No. 13, at Nashville, Tennessee. He received a commission as surgeon in December, 1862, and at the battle of Chickamauga, where he was in charge of the hospitals of his division, he was captured by the enemy; being conveyed thence to Libby prison, at Richmond. At the expiration of two months he was exchanged, when he returned to Cleveland on a twenty days' furlough, and was there married (December 8, 1863,) to Miss Mary, daughter of Dr. M. L. Brooks, his old patron and friend. 358 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. Kejoining his regiment at Chattanooga, he accom- panied Sherman's army in the celehrated "march to the sea," and at Savannah resigned his commission one mouth previous to the expiration of his term of service. Although greatly benefited by his extended experi- ence in the army, he sought to still further increase his professional knowledge in a brief season within the lecture room of a medical college in New York city, and, being there fitted to encounter with skill the dif- ficulties of surgical science, he returned to Cleveland, where, in 1865, he became associated as a partner with his father-in-law. Dr. Brooks, with whom he continued to practice until 1871. Since that time Dr. Herrick has pursued alone the profession of physician and surgeon, mounting steadily in skill and fame until he is to-day a widely successful practitioner, and is con- fessedly a leading representative in the "old school." From 1865 to 1868 he filled the chair of professor of "obstetrics and diseases of women and children" in the Charity Hospital Medical College, and upon the reorganization of that college as the Medical Depart- ment of Wooster University he was chosen to be pro- fessor of the principles of surgery, which chair he still occupies. In 1863 he was elected president of the Ohio State Medical Society, of which he is still an active member. He is also a prominent member of the American Medical Association and the Northeast- ern and Cuyahoga County Medical Societies. He is a frequent contributor to the valuable medical litera- ture of the State; his papers on "tubercles" and "the Charitable Institutions of the State," road before the State Medical Society the present year (1879 1 being received with marked approval. A Presbyterian in religious faith. Dr. Herrick is an earnest Christian worker, and devotes much of his time, his energies and his means to labors of be- nevolence; his heart, as well as his professional instincts responding gladly to the calls of suffering humanity, while his outstretched hand is an eager servitor in a noble work. Dr. Derrick's family consists of his estimable wife, one daughter and three sons, all of whom reside with their parents. Having risen unaided, save by his own earnest and unflagging efforts, from one of the lower rounds of life's ladder to social and professional em- inence. Dr. Derrick has made a record which the youth of the present time may well look upon with respect and emulation. RENSSELAER R. HERRICK. Hon. Rensselaer E. Herrick, who occupies to-day the chief magistracy of the city of Cleveland, first set foot within that city forty-three years ago, at the youthful age of ten, and there he has spent the sub- sequent years of what has proven a busy and useful existence. Mr. Herrick comes of good old Puritan stock, and in this country traces his ancestry back to 1639, when his great-grandfather's great-gi"andfather, Ephraim Herrick, came over from Leicester, England, to mend his fortunes in the western world. Ephraim Herrick settled in Connecticut upon reaching the shores of America, and there his descendants con- tinued to live and multiply until within less than a century, when they began to migrate from classic New England to newer and more inviting fields. To connect the past with the present, it may be noted that Eensselaer R. Herrick's father, Sylvester P., was boi-n in Clinton, New York, in 1793; his grandfather, Andrew, in Connecticut, April 7, 1763; his great- grandfather, Andrew, in Preston, Connecticut, Feb- ruary 10, 1727; his great-grandfather's father, Eph- raim, in Connecticut in 1693; and his great-grand- father's grandfather in Connecticut in 1638. Andrew Herrick, grandfather of Cleveland's pres- ent mayor, removed about 1790 with his family to Clinton, New York, in company with a band of Con- necticut colonists, and became, later on, a prominent citizen of that place, closely identified with the suc- cess of Hamilton College, of Clinton, a widely known and popular institution of learning. Sylvester P., the son of Andrew, entered in early manhood upon active business pursuits and was suc- cessively a prominent merchant in Clinton, Vernon and Utica; in which latter place he resided at the time of his death. In Utica, on the 39th day of January, 1836, Eens- selaer E. Herrick first saw the light, and in 1838 his father died. His childhood days moved uneventfully along until he reached the age of ten, when the sturdy and resolute lad set out for the West, to seek his for- tune and to do his little share toward the support of his widowed mother's family. Reaching Cleveland, he obtained employment in the printing office of the Ohio City Argus, located on the west side of the Cuyahoga. '|'here he remained, learning the printer's art, until 1839. He then en- gaged in such occupations as he could find, and until 1843 he divided his time between attending school and earning a livelihood. Being then seventeen years old, he decided to be- come a carpenter. Taking service with a prominent builder, he so improved his time and opportunities that at the expiration of three years, when he had reached the age of twenty, he began business on his own account as a builder and contractor. This occu- pation he steadily pursued until 1870, when he was able to retire from active business and to enjoy the ease which had been won by a quarter of a century of unflagging industry. Mr. Herrick's first appearance in public life was made in 1855, when he was chosen a member of the Cleveland city council, and this mark of public con- fidence was successively repeated in 1856, 1857 and 1858. After that, for the space of ten years, the pressing cares of business compelled him to decline all public honors; but in 1869, yielding to the pressure of the popular demand, he was again elected. a mem- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 359 ber of the council. In 1873, 1874, 1876 and 1877 he was a "citizen's member" of the board of improTe- ments, and in 1879 he was elected mayor of the city for the term of two years. Mr. Herrick joins with his public duties the presi- dency of the Dover Bay Grape and Wine Company, of which he was one of the organizers, and serves also as a member of the board of trustees of the Society for Savings, with which institution he has for many years been prominently identified. A "Whig in the early days of his career, Mr. Herrick became a Republican upon the organization of that party, of which he has since continued to be a staunch member. The characteristics of activity, industry and good judgment stand out clear and bold in this brief sketch of the successful career of Mayor Herrick, and the valuable lessons taught by the unswerving steadi- ness of purpose which marked his progress through life may well be laid to heart by the rising generation of the present time. In every sense the author of his own fortunes, Mr. Herrick has fully earned the right to rest in mature life, and to the consciousness of having " made himself," adds that of knowing that his course of life has received the approbation of his fellow citi- zens, as manifested by the numerous public trusts conferred upon him. He has been, for the space of forty-three years, closely connected with the rise, pro- gress and prosperity of Cleveland, and in the mellow years of life's autumn enjoys the distinction of being one of its most honored citizens. OELANDO J. HODGE. The subject of this sketch was born November 35, 1838, in Hamburg, Erie county. New York. He is the son of Alfred Hodge, an early settler of Buffalo, and a descendant of John Hodge of Windsor, Con- necticut, who, on the 13th of August, 1666, married Susanna Denslow, daughter of Henry Denslow, the first settler of Windsor Locks, Connecticut. The family is possessed of a complete genealogy, running from 1646 to date. Alfred Hodge, the father of the subject of this sketch, died of cholera at Buffalo, July 11, 1832. In June, 1842, Mr. Hodge left Buffalo; landing in Cleveland on Sunday, the 13th day of that month. Here he first commenced work in a printing office, continuing in that occupation for a number of years. In April, 1847, then in his nineteenth year, he en- listed for the Mexican war, embarking at New York the following month. He was destined to pass through many hardships and perils before he reached the seat of war. On the first evening out, before the transport had got fairly to sea, she collided with a Spanish man-of-war and had to put back to New York in a badly damaged condition. On the 15th of the same month he sailed again for Mexico. All went well until the morning of tiio 33rd, when the vessel was wrecked sixty miles from the island of Abaco, the nearest point to land. Fortunately the volunteers and crew, of which there were about one hundred and twenty, were saved by the bark " Ala- bama," bound to Havana, and safely landed at that port on the 1st day of June. After spending a few days in Havana, the troops crossed the gulf and en- tered Mexico. Mr. Hodge remained in the enemy's country until the close of the war, doing service under Generals Zachary Taylor and John B. Wool. Hostilities having ceased, he returned to New York, and, on the 16th of August, 1849, was honorably dis- charged. Shortly after, he entered Geauga Seminary, in Geauga county, Ohio. Leaving school in 1851, he taught for some time, and then again took up his residence in Cleveland. In the spring of 1853 Mr. Hodge was elected clerk of the police court by a large majority, receiving more votes than' were cast for any other candidate for any oifice. At the expiration of a three-years term he declined a renomination. In 1857 Mr. Hodge removed to Chicago, where he opened a printing ofSce on his own account. He re- mained in that city until April, 1860, when, having disposed of his printing establishment, he went to Connecticut and there engaged in mercantile busi- ness. A short time after his arrival he was made postmaster of the village in which he resided (Rob- ertsville), filling the office for six years. He took an active interest in public affairs, and by his intelli- gence and upright conduct won the confidence of all who knew him. In 1863 Mr. Hodge was elected to the house of representatives of Connecticut, and in 1864 was chosen a member of the State Senate. He served his constituents so satisfactorily that he was returned to the Senate for a second term by an in- cresised majority, though the district had not for thirty-five years previous elected a man two suc- cessive terms. He was made presiding officer of the Senate by the unanimous vote of his colleagues, and discharged the duties of the position in a manner which was highly commended. By this time he had become prominent in State politics, and was generally respected and trusted. During the war Governor Buckingham appointed him on a commission to visit the front in the interest of Connecticut's sick and wounded soldiers. Mr. Hodge was also personally authorized by the governor to receive the vote of the Connecticut soldiers in the field cast for President in 1864. He discharged the duties of both these posi- tions with intelligence and fidelity. In 1867 Mr. Hodge disposed of his interests in Con- necticut and returned to Cleveland, where he engaged in real estate operations. In 1871 he was elected to the city council, being successively re elected in 1873 and 1875. In 1876 he was elected president of the council, and at the end of his term he refused to be again a candidate for that body. In 1873 Mr. Hodge was elected to the Ohio house of representatives, and in 1875 was re-nominated by acclamation and elected by one of the largest majorities ever given in the county. 360 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. He failed by only a few votes of being elected speaker, and was unanimously cbosen as speaker pro tern. In 1874 he was admitted to the bai'. In 1878 Mr. Hodge purchased the Cleveland Post, and a few weeks later a one-half interest in the Cleve- land Voice. The two papers were consolidated, and he now has editorial management of the combined journal, the Voice. Jlr. Hodge has borne an active part in the sup- port of every public enterprise which promised to promote the growth and prosperity of Cleveland. He was one of the earliest advocates of the viaduct pro- ject, and to him is given the credit of being the chief mover in getting the land along the lake for park pur- poses. He is a skillful debater, a forcible speaker, and one of the best parliamentarians in Ohio. Throughout his private and public life he has main- tained a character for strict integrity. He has been successful in business as a result of hard work and natural fitness for the conduct of affairs. He was a Democrat until the outbreak of the rebellion, but ever since has been a thorough -going Republican. Mr. Hodge was married on the 15th of October, 1855, to Lydia R. Doane, of Cleveland, by whom he has one son, Clark R. Hodge. GEORGE WILLIAM HOWE. The Howe family is an old one in England, and dates its origin in this country from John Howe, born in England in 1613, who was a resident of Sud- bury, Massachusetts, in 1037, and died in Marlboro in 1639. Samuel, his son, married Martha Bent, by whom he had thirteen children. He died at Sud- bury, April 13, 1703. Moses, son of Samuel, was bom August 37, 1695. He had ten children, of whom Samuel was the first male child, born in Rut- land, Massachusetts. Another son, Elijah, was born in Rutland April 10, 1743; married Deborah Smith, of Leicester, and removed to Spencer in June, 1759. They had nine children, among whom was Elijah, born in Leicester, who died in 1816. He married Fanny Bemis, by whom he had nine children. Wil- liam, son of Elijah, and father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Spencer May 13, 1803. In 1838 he married Miss A. T. Stone of Charlton, Massachu- setts. They had eight children. Different members of this family have been noted for inventive genius, among whom the most prominent, perhaps, is Elias Howe, inventor of the sewing machine, who was a nephew of William Howe. The latter himself pos- sessed superior inventive powers. At an early age he learned the trade of a carpenter and builder. After finishing his apprenticeship he entered the academy at Leicester, where he obtained a good education. He then commenced erecting buildings by contract, churches being a specialty. In 1844 he took out his first patent for what has since become widely known as the Howe truss-bridge. Two years later, having made great improvements, a new patent was issued. He subsequently furnished the plans and specifications for the bridges on the St. Petersburg and Moscow railroad in Russia. He died in 1853 in the prime of life, from the effects of a fall from his car- nage. He was an eminently self-made man, and had the promise of a brilliant and useful future when thus cut off at a premature age. George W. Howe was born in Spencer, Worcester county, Massachusetts, on the 39th of October, 1833. He was educated in Springfield, and in 1853 came to Cleveland, Ohio, where he effected an engagement on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad. Remaining in that position until the Lake Shore railroad was completed to Madison, Ohio, he then be- came connected with the latter. In 1859 he abandoned railroading to engage in the milling business with Messrs. Hubby, Hughes & Co., building what is known as the National mills. This venture not proving successful he, upon the organi- zation of the First Ohio Volunteer Artillery, enlist- ed and was commissioned quartermaster, equipping eleven out of the twelve batteries that went to the front. He accompanied General Barnett and his staff up the Cumberland river to Nashville, reaching that place two or three days' after its evacuation by the Confederate army. They were then attached to General Thomas' division and ordered to Pittsburg Landing. Mr. Howe meeting with an accident by being thrown from his horse, was ordered by General Thomas to go ahead as speedily as possible to Savan- nah, get comfortable quarters and remain until recov- ered. He arrived at Savannah the second day of the battle of Pittsburg Landing; the town being crowded with the wounded brought from the field of battle. He at length succeeded in procuring accommodations on one of the steamers plying between Savannah and Pittsburg Landing, and remained on board a week. He then rejoined his regiment, with which he re- mained until after the evacuation of Corinth. Returning to Cleveland, he engaged in mercantile pursuits until, his health becoming impaired, he went to Europe, where he spent six months in travel and recreation. In 1867 Elias Howe wished to ex- tend his business in Europe; G. W. Howe went to London and established headquarters for the Howe machine in that city and also in Paris — organizing branches in all the principal cities of Europe, besides looking after the exhibits of the Howe company at the Paris Exhibition. In 1870 he returned to the States and established the business in Ohio. In March, 1873, he was sent by the company as its repi-esentative at the Vienna Exhibition. Owing to trouble with some of the American commissioners. Minister Jay appointed three citizens of the United States to act until Jack- son S. Schultz should arrive. The exhibitors, feeling that their interests were not being properly cared for, were permitted by Mr. Jay to select four of their num- ber to act with those whom he had named. Mr. Geo. W. Howe was chosen as one of their number. He was -SnS'JyAE:=J-Ji'^'«'- ^^,c/-/rT7>^.^^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 361 also made a chevalier, receiving from the emperor the order of Francis Joseph, and became a member of the Society of Arts and Sciences for Lower Austria, receiving their diploma and silver medal. In 1874 he returned to Cleveland, and in 1876 was connected with the Ohio department at the Centen- nial Exhibition, remaining there seven months. Soon after the inauguration of President Hayes he was appointed collector of customs at Cleveland, and is at present acting in that capacity. Mr. Howe has always been active in the support of pxiblic enter- prises, and of all local interests and improvements. He has been a member of the Northern Ohio Pair Association from its organization, having served three years as its secretary, and being now a member of its executive committee. From 1876 to 1879 he was a member of the police board. He is a Mason of high standing; being a Knight Templar, and recorder of the Holyrood commandery of Cleveland. It is unnecessary to add any comments upon the traits of Mr. Howe's character. His record shows for itself iis that of a man of enterprise, public spirit and superior ability. He was married in November, 1874, to Miss Kate Lemen, daughter of William Leraen of Cleveland. JAMES M. HOYT. This gentleman was born in Utica, New York, Jan- uary 16, 1815. He received an excellent education, graduating from Hamilton College in that State in 1834. He immediately commenced the study of law in Utica, but iu a short time removed to Cleveland, where he continued his studies in the law office of Andrews & Foot. In 1837 the partnership of An- drews, Foot & Hoyt was formed, which continued until 1848, when Mr. Andrews was elected judge of the superior court of Cleveland. This necessitated his withdrawal, but the firm of Foot & Hoyt contin- ued until 1853, when Mr. Hoyt retired from the prac- tice of law. He then became extensively engaged in the purchase and sale of real estate in Cleveland and its vicinity. He operated on his own account and also in company with other capitalists, purcliasing large tracts in and around the city, which were divided into lots and sold for homesteads. Nearly one thousand acres of city and suburban property were owned by him, either wholly or jointly with others, which were sub-divi- ded into lots and sold for settlement. He opened and named more than a hundred streets, being largely instrumental in opening Prospect east of Hudson, besides selling a large amount of land on Kinsman, Sk Clair and Superior streets; also on Madison ave- nue on the West Side, Lawn and Colgate streets, and Waverly avenue. In all his transactions he showed great generosity toward those with whom he dealt, and especially to- ward the poor and those whom misfortune or sickness had disabled. Not a man in Cleveland has been re- 46 garded with greater esteem and respect than Mr. Hoyt. For many years he had the power to deal rigid- ly with the poor with a show of justice and legality. This power he never exercised, and many are the grateful tributes he has received from the humble re- cipients of his favors. In 1835 Mr. Hoyt united with the Baptist Church, in Utica, New York, and shortly after coming to Cleveland became connected with the First Baptist church in that city; being superintendent of its Sunday school over twenty-six years. He then resigned, be- coming the teacher of a Congregational bible-class. In 1854 he was licensed to preach the gospel by the church with which he was connected. He was never ordained and never contemplated it; but has since then preached at intervals, and has labored more or less in nearly all the Protestant denominations, both in Cleveland and elsewhere. In 1854 Mr. Hoyt was chosen president of the Ohio Baptist State convention, and was annually re-elected to that position for more than twenty-four years. He was also chosen president of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, the national organization for Baptist missions in North America, and retained that position until 1870, when he resigned. For thirteen years he was president of the Cleveland Bible Society, an auxiliary to the American Bible Society, of which he is now one of the vice presidents. His addresses on various occasions and his literary contributions have attracted marked attention. His article on "Mira- cles in Relation to Law," published in the Christian Review, of October, 1863, presented the subject in an original and striking manner, furnishing a strong refutation of the sceptical sophistry of Hume. In 1870 Mr. Hoyt was elected a member of the State board of equalization, a body charged with a high, laborious and responsible duty, the appraise- ment of all the property in the State going through the hands of the board. In 1873 he represented the interests of the citizens of Cleveland on the board of public improvements. In 1870 Denison University, of Granville, Ohio, conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. This, thougli a surprise to him, was considered by all who knew him as a well-merited distinction. Few men have attained a culture more genuine and liberal than he. Well versed in physical science, and thoroughly imbued with the philosophy of history, he is also well read in belles lettres and works of taste and criticism. The versatility of his talents is shown by the success he has achieved in his different callings of lawyer, business man, preacher, lecturer and writer. He is a liberal contributor to religious and charita- ble objects, and during the rebellion rendered valuable aid in numerous ways to the cause of the Union. Mr. Hoyt was married in 1836 to Miss Mary Ella Beebe, in New York City. To them have been born six children, Rev. Dr. Wayland Hoyt (of Brooklyn, New York) being their eldest son. The second, Col- gate Hoyt, is iu business with his father in Cleveland, 363 THE CITf OP CLEVELATSID. and the third, James M. Hoyt, is a member of the law firm of Willey, Sherman & Hoyt, of the same city. HINMAN B. HURLBUT. This gentleman was born in St. Lawrence county, New York, on the 29th day of July, 1818 and is de- scended from the best of New England blood. His ancestors resided for several generations in the State of Connecticut, where his father followed the occupa- tion of a farmer before removing to New York. His grandfather was a captain in the Eevolutionary army, taking a part in the memorable battle of Long Island and other engagements. Through his mother Mr. Hurlbut is descended from Gov. Hinman, one of the colonial rulers of Connecticut. At eighteen years of age the subject of this sketch, after enjoying such educational advantages as his vicinity afforded, removed to Cleveland and entered the law office of his brother (H. A. Hurlbut, Esq.,) as a student. After being admitted to the bar in 1839, he at once opened an ofiBce in Massillon, Ohio, and in a short time secured a remunerative practice. In 1846 he formed a partnership with the Hon. D. K. Cartter, afterwards chief justice of the District of Columbia, their practice being very extensive and lucrative. In 1852 Mr. Hurlbut retired from his profession, having already become engaged in the banking busi- ness as the senior member of the firm of Hurlbut and Vinton, of Massillon. He also aided in organising two other banking houses in the same place, " The Merchants" and "The Union," and was a member of the State board of control. In 1852 he removed to Cleveland and established still another banking house there, under the firm name of Hurlbut & Co., retaining, however, his interests at Massillon. He next purchased the charter of the Bank of Commerce and reorganized it, with himself as cashier and T. P. Handy as president. Mr. Handy resigned the following year, when Mr. Joseph Perkins was chosen president. After the passage of the na- tional banking law by Congress, Mr. Hurlbut again reorganized this institution as the Second National Bank of Cleveland. In 1856 the subject of this sketch, in company with Amasa Stone, Stillman Witt, Joseph Perkins and James Mason, of Cleveland, Henry B. Perkins, of Warren and M. R. Waite, (now Chief Justice of the United States) and Samuel Young, of Toledo, pur- chased the charter of the Toledo Branch of the State Bank, which they reorganized as a national bank in 1866. This bank, under Mr. Hurlbut's manage- ment was probably one of the most successful mone- tary institutions ever established. In 1865 Mr. Hurlbut was obliged to give up his numerous business enterprises on account of the loss of his health, and he concluded to seek rest and recre- ation in an extended European tour. He returned to America in 1868, but remained in retirement until 1871, when he was elected vice president of the Cleve- land, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad company, since which time he has been largely inter- ested in many of the railroad enterprises of the West- ern States. He is now president of the Indianapolis and St. Louis and the Cincinnati and Springfield rail- roads, and is also vice president of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad. While so largely interested in financial and com- mercial enterprises, Mr. Hurlbut has found time for the gratification of a refined taste, and his large means, acquired by business ability and application, have been liberally bestowed on educational and benevolent enterprises, and in aid of the arts and sci- ences as well as other kindred objects. He gave largely to the City Hospital, of which he was the founder, and he is now the president of the society and its chief supporter. It is safe to say that there is hardly a charitable institution in Cleveland or its vi- cinity to which he has not liberally contributed. Mr. Hurlbut also established tlie Hurlbut profes- sorship of the natural sciences at Western Reserve College, at Hudson, and endowed it with twenty-five thousand dollars. He has probably collected the finest gallery of paint- ing ever brought together in Ohio, if not in the whole West, in which are represented such artists as F. E. Church, Alex. Cabanel, Baugereau, H. Merle, L. Knauss, Bauguiet, Kaulbach, S. R. Gifford, Ver- boeckhoven, Beyschlegg, Meyer Von Brunn, Bricher, Felix Zerms, T. W. Wood, Jarvis McEntee, and otl>- ers only less renowned. In early life a member of the Whig party, he took an active part in politics, and was a member of the convention which nominated General Taylor for Pres- ident, and ably supported him during the succeed- - ing campaign, making a large number of speeches; in his own district. During the war for tlie Union Mr. Hurlbut was a staunch supporter of the govern- ment, and gave freely to various benevolent enter- prises called into existence by that struggle. In May, 1840, Mr. Hurlbut was married to Miss: Jane Elizabeth Johnson, of Oneida county, New York. Mr. Hurlbut's life and business success have been but another example of what may be expected from the sons of New England — descended as they are from the best old English stock, inspired with new life by the stirring scenes of the Western world. Many of them are still going farther on, as did their ancestors of old, to build up anew country in the distant West, and although they often have naught to begin with save their own strong arms, stout hearts and clear brains, yet again and again is Fortune seen to crown their efforts with her richest gifts. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 363 JOHN HUTCHINS. John Hutchins was born in Vienna, Trumbull county, Ohio, July 25, 1812. His father, Samuel Hutchins, and his mother, whose maiden name was Flower, were natives of Connecticut, and among the earliest settlers in the Western Reserve. Samuel . Hutchins first came to Ohio in the year 1798, and in 1800 drove an ox-team from Connecticut to Vienna, where he then settled. He had a family of three sons and four daughters, the subject of this notice being the fourth child. He was educated in the common schools of the county until about twenty years of age, when he pursued his studies with a private tutor, and subsequently entered the prepar- atory department of Western Reserve College. He commenced the study of law at Warren, Ohio, in 1835, in the office .of David Tod, afterwards well known as one of Ohio's ablest war governors, and was admitted to the bar in the fall of 1838, at New Lisbon. After about one year's practice of his profession he was appointed clerk of the court of common pleas of Trumbull county, in which capacity he served five years. He then resigned and entered the law firm of Tod & Hoffman, which became Tod, Hoff- man & Hutchins. He afterward became connected with J. D. Cox, since Governor Cox, and was his part- ner at the breaking out of the rebellion. In 1868 he removed to Cleveland and formed a partncrsliip with J. E. & G. L. IngersoU, under the firm name of Hutchins & IngersoU. Subsequently he became asso- ciated with his son, John C, now prosecuting attor- ney, and 0. J. Campbell, as Hutchins & Campbell, which connection he has maintained to the present time. In 1849 and 1850 he was a member of the legislature. This legislature called the convention which formed the constitution of 1851. In the year 1858 he was elected a representative to the thirty-sixth Congress, as successor to the Hon. Josiiua E. Giddings, and two years afterwards was re-elected to the thirty-seventh Congress from the same district. The territory of the district was then changed, and from the new district Gen. Garfield was chosen to succeed him. In Congress Mr. Hutchins took an ac- tive part in the advanced measures for the prosecution of the war against the rebellion, including the aboli- tion of slavery and the employment of colored soldiei's. He had also advocated and voted for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, and indeed had espoused the anti-slavery cause as early as the year 1833, and was an active woi-ker till slavery was abol- ished. He belonged to the old Liberty party, and was mobbed in Trumbull, his native county, for declaring his convictions on the subject of slavery. In an anti- slavery meeting in Hudson, Ohio, about the year 1841, in criticizing what he regarded as the pro-slavery position of the Western Reserve College, he used lan- guage which was distasteful to the faculty and stu- dents, and he was thoroughly hissed by the latter. In giving the history of the anti -slavery cause on the Western Reserve, and in reference to the anti-slavery efforts of President Storer and Professors Beriah Green and E. Wright, Jr., when connected with the college, he said, "Then an anti-slavery light blazed from College Hill, but where is that light now?" when the hissing continued for severalmmutes, but was finally drowned in cheers. We quote from the remarks of Mr. Hutchins in the thirty-seventh Congress, as published in the Ameri- can Annual Cyclopedia, on the subject of using col- ored troops to put down the Rebellion: "If we can take for soldiers minor apprentices and minor sous, wc have the same right to take slaves; for they are either persons or property. If they are persons we are entitled to their services to save the Government, and the fact that they are not citizens does not change the right of the Government to their services as sub- jects, unless they owe allegiance to a foreign govern- ment. If colored persons are property we may cer- tainly use that property to put down the rebellion." In Congress he also took up the subject of postal reform, introduced a bill and made an able and care- fully prepared speech in its favor, in which he advo- cated a reduction of postage on letters, and a uniform rate for all distances, as well as a uniformity of pos- tage on printed matter; and in addition especially urged the advantages of the carrier delivery system. These measures have since been substantially adopted by the government. Mr. Hutchins received special mention from the Postmaster General for his able and persistent efforts in this direction. He is at present occupied in the practice of his profession as a member of the firm of Hutchins & Campbell. As a lawyer he occupies a high rank and has ever been esteemed by the members of the bar for his integrity, and for the ability with which he discharges the duties devolving upon him. He married Ilhoda M. Andrews, by whom he has five children, three sons and two daughters; Horace A. and John C, living in Cleveland; Albert E., re. siding in Chicago; Mary H., who is with her parents in Cleveland; and Helen K. who died of typhoid fever, at the age of twenty-two. LEVI JOHNSON. On the 10th of March, 1809, Levi Johnson, emi- grating westward from New York in quest of the land of promise (a name then bestowed by New York- ers upon the Western Reserve) entered Cleveland in a two-horse sleigh, with his uncle, also a western pioneer. They pushed on to Huron county, where they halted, and whence, after a short time, Levi returned to Cleveland, beginning what proved to be a remarkable career, the history of which is a part of the early his- tory of the Forest City itself. Mr. Johnson was born in Herkimer county, New York, April 25, 1786, and from his boyhood until his twenty-second year labored successively as a farm- 304 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. hand iuid carpenter; then, becoming fired with the western fever, he journeyed to Cleveland in 1809, as has Just been stated. He was fortunate in finding a home in the family of Judge Walworth, for whom he ooiitracted at once to build a framed office. This structure (situated where the American House now stands) was one of the first framed edifices erected in Cleveland, and its construction was an event of no slight importance in the little community. Young Johnson continued to ply the saw and plane busily for the next few years, in Cleveland and the vicinity. In 1811 he married Miss Martin, of Huron county, and in 1813 undertook the then important con- tract of building a log court-house on the public square, at Cleveland. Completing the task, he turned his back upon carpentering and became a trader in supplies for the army on the frontier, aud, being shrewd and careful, he soon acquired what was then thought a considerable amount of money. Ambitious to extend his enterprises, he built a sixty-ton vessel, called the "Pilot," which he sailed on the lake in the Govern- ment service during the war, to his material profit. Meanwhile Mr. Johnson was chosen the first coro- ner of Cuyahoga county, and also served as deputy under Samuel Baldwin, the first sheriff. Eesuming ship building in 1815, he built the sixty- five ton schooner " Neptune " aud several other vessels. In 1834, in company with the firm of Terhoeven Brothers, he built the "Enterprise," of two hundred aud twenty tons burden, the first steam vessel built at Cleveland. Still later he constructed the steamer Commodore. In 1830, having grown weary of marine architecture, he sold out his steamboat interests and turned his attention once more to contracts on shore. In 1831 he built the Water street light-house for the government; in 1836 he built another at Sandusky, and in 1837 constructed nine hundred feet of the stone pier on the east side of the mouth of the Cuyahoga. In 1840, 1843 and 1847 he built successively the Sag- inaw, Western Sister Island and Portage river light- houses. He also built in Cleveland the Johnson House, the Marine Block, the Johnson Block and other important structures. In 1858 Mr. Johnson retired from active business, and, being endowed with abundant wealth, passed the evening of life in comfort and ease. Full of years and honors, he passed away to his rest on the 19th day of December, 1871, at the age of eighty-five. ALFRED KELLEY. Hon. Alfred Kelley, the second son of Daniel Kel- ley, was born in Middletown, Connecticut, November 7, 1789. He was descended in the fifth generation from Joseph Kelley (1st) who was one of the first settlers of Norwich, Connecticut. His great-grand- father, Joseph Kelley (2d), son of the person Just named, removed to Vermont, and died there in 1814 at the age of nearly ninety years. Alfred Kelley's g)-undfather, Daniel Kelley, lived in Norwich, Con- necticut, where Daniel Kelley (3d), the father of the subject of this memoir, was born on the 37th day of November, 1755. He married Jemima Stow, daugh- ter of Elihu and Jemima Stow, and sister of Judges Joshua and Silas Stow, of Lowville, New York, on the 38th day of January, 1787. He died at Cleveland August 7, 1831. Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Kelley had a family of six sons. They removed from Connecticut to Lowville, New York, when Alfred was nine years of age, where the head of the family was principal Judge of the court of common pleas of Lewis county, being also one of the founders of Lowville academy and president of its board of trustees. Alfred Kelley was educated at Fairfield academy. New York, and read law in the office of Jonas Piatt, a Judge of the supreme court of that State. In the spring of 1810 he traveled on horseback in company with Joshua Stow and others to Cleveland. He was admitted to practice in the court of common pleas in November, and on the same day, being his twenty-first birthday, he was appointed by the court to act as prosecuting attorney. He was continuously appoint- ed prosecuting attorney until 1831, when he declined to act any longer in that capacity. In 1814 Mr. Kel- ley was elected a member of the Ohio house of repre- sentatives; being the youngest member of that body, which met at Chillicothe, then the temporary capital of the Sate. He continued, with intervals, a member of the legislature from Cuyahoga county until 1833, when he was appointed, with others. State canal com- missioner. The Ohio canal is a monument to the enterprise, energy, integrity and sagacity of Alfred Kelley. He was the leading member of the board of commissioners during its construction, and the onerous and respon- sible service was performed with snch fidelity and economy that the actual cost did not exceed the esti- mate ! The dimensions of the Ohio canal were the same as those of the Erie canal. New York, but the number of locks was nearly twice as great. Mr. Kelh^y's indomitable will and iron constitution tri- umphed over all difficulties, and the Ohio canal, con- necting the Ohio river with Lake Erie, was finished in 1830. During its construction Mr. Kelley removed first to Akron and then to Columbus, where he made his home during the remainder of his life. After the canal was finished ho resigned the position of com- missioner in order to regain his health (badly shat- tered by cloSe application to the duties of his office), and to devote himself to his private affairs. In October, 1836, Mr. Kelley was elected to the Ohio house of representatives from Franklin county, and was re-elected to the same office in the next two legislatures. He was chairman of the Whig State Central Committee in 1840, and was one of the most active and influential managers of that campaign, in which Gen. Harrison was elected to the presidency. He was appointed State fund commissioner in 1840. In 1841 and '43 a formidable party arose in the legis- latui'e and State, which advocated the non-payment of BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 365 the maturing interest on the State debt, and the repudiation of the debt itself. Mr. Kelley went to New York and was able to raise nearly a quarter of a million of dollars on his own personal security, by which means the interest was paid at maturity, and the State of Ohio was saved from repudiation. In 1844 Mr. Kelley was elected to the State senate from the Franklin district. It was during this term that he originated the bill to organize the State Bank of Ohio and other banking companies, which was gen- erally admitted by bankers and financiers to be the best American banking law then known. While Mr. Kelley was a member of the legislature many valu- able general laws originated with him, and most of the measures requiring investigation and profound thought were entrusted to his care. He was the author, in 1818, of the first legislative biU — either in this country or in Europe — to abolish imprisonment for debt. It failed to become a law, but in a letter to a friend Mr. Kelley said: " The time will come when the absurdity as well as inhumanity of adding oppres- sion to misfortune will be acknowledged." At the end of this senatorial term Mr. Kelley was elected president of the Columbus and Xenia railroad company, which enterprise he was actively engaged upon until it was finished. He also accepted the presidency of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincin- nati railroad, and carried on that work with his usual ardor and ability; his laboi's being only surpassed by those upon the Ohio canal. With his own hands he dug the first shovelful of earth and laid the last rail. In 1850 he was chosen president of the Cleveland, PainesviUe and Ashtabula railroad company (afterward absorbed in the Lake Shore Company), and was soon actively engaged in the construction of the road. During this period occurred the famous riots of Eric and Harbor Creek, in opposition to the construction of the road through Pennsylvania. The success of the company in this contest was largely due to Mr. Kelley's efforts. After the completion of these roads he resigned the presidency of their respective com- panies, but continued an active director in each of them to the time of his death. Mr. Kelley closed his public life as the member from Columbus of the State senate of 1857. Dur- ing the last year of this service his health was declin- ing. Yet such v/as his fidelity to his trust that he went daily to the senate, and he carried through the legislature several important measures for the pur- pose of ascertaining the condition of the State treas- ury, and securing the safety of the public funds. He was also, during his legislative career, very active in remodeling the tax laws, so as to relieve land-owners from excessive taxation and place a part of the bur- den on those who had property in bonds and money. At the end of this term of the senate his health was much broken down (caused by an over-taxation of mind and body), and he seemed to bo gradually wasting away without any settled disease. He was only confiued to his room a few days before his death, which took place on the 2d day of December, 1859. So gentle was the summons, when his pure spirit left its earthly tenement, that his surrounding friends were scarcely conscious of the great ehange. It has been said of him, that few persons have ever lived who, merely by pei'sonal exertions, have left behind them more numerous and lasting monuments of patient and useful labor. Mr. Kelley was married on the 35th of August, 1817, to Miss Mary S. Wells, daughter of Melanc- thon Wells, Esq., by whom he had a family of eleven children, viz: Maria Jane, who became Mrs. .Judge Bates, of Columbus; Charlotte, who died at six years old; Edward, who died at the age of two years; Adelaide and Henry, who died in infancy; Helen, who became Mrs. Francis Collins, of Columbus; Prank, who died at four years old; Anna, who mar- ried Col. C. J. Preudenberg, U. S. A.; Alfred; and Kate, wife of Rev. W. H. Dunning, of Cambridge. THOMAS M. KELLEY.* Thomas M. Kelley, a brother of Alfred Kelley, the subject of the preceding sketch, was born at Middle- town, Connecticut, on the 17th of March, 1797. In the following year his father removed with his family to Lowville, Lewis county. New York, where the sub- ject of this memoir resided until he came to Cleveland in 1815. In that place he made his home continu- ously till his death on the lltli of June, 1878. Al- though the facilities for education were not, as a general rule, abundant in his childhood, yet at Low- ville there was, besides tlie common schools, an acad- emy where the higher branches were taught, and from the specimens of its graduates who settled here we should infer they were taught with more than ordi- nary success. Por many years Mr. Kelley was engaged in mercan- tile pursuits, and especially in packing and shipping beef and pork, pot and pearl ashes, furs and some minor articles, the products of this then new region, down lakes Erie and Ontario and the St. Lawrence river to Montreal, a distant, but, for such articles, the most accessible market. After the completion of the Erie canal, in 1825, a large part of this trade was diverted through that channel. In later years Mr. Kelley was largely concerned in real estate operations and in banking, and in 1848 was made president of the Merchants' bank. He did not, however, give his whole mind to the management of business affairs. He was a man of unquestionable integrity and unusual intelligence, and was an industrious reader, not only of current literature, but of standard works. He formed his opinions deliberately, and generally correctly, and then, like all his brothers, was prone to adhere to them persistently. He was a member of the legislature, and as such did *By Hon. J. W. Allen. 366 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. his constituents and the State valuable service. Un- der the old constitution the State was divided into a dozen or more judicial circuits, in each of which was a "president judge" (a lawyer) who held courts in the various counties, and who was assisted in each county by three associates, usually among the best men but not lawyers, who could and sometimes did over- ride the president, and who in his absence could hold terms without him. In 1846 Mr. Kelley was ap- pointed one of these judges, and, in tlie absence of the president judge, charged the grand jury in a man- ner much superior to that generally exhibited in such cases. In 1841 Daniel Webster, Secretary of State under President Harrison, offered the office of marshal of the United States for the district of Ohio, then em- bracing the whole State, to Mr. Kelley, who agreed to accept it, but the speedy death of General Harrison aud the political difficulties which arose between his successor. President Tyler, and the Whig Congress, delayed and finally defeated any action upon the proposition. This offer was the more complimentary because, owing to the then recent "Patriot War," the relations of the United States with Great Britain were in a very disturbed condition; the northern frontier swarmed with men eager to involve the two countries in war, and the duties of a marshal required him to be a man of very great courage, firmness and discretion, such as Mr. Webster knew Mr. Kelley to be. , In 1833 Mr. Kelley married Miss Lucy Latham, of Vermont, a most estimable woman with whom he lived happily till her death in 1874. The fruits of this union were four children — one who died in early childhood; a daughter who married Col. George S. Mygatt and died not long afterwards; another daugh- ter, now tlie wife of Mr. CJiester J, Cole; and a son, Thomas Arthur Kelley; both of the survivors now reside in Cleveland. In his domestic relations Judge Kelley was kind, liberal and affectionate, and among his associates in the outer world he was very much esteemed. In public matters he was an active partici- pant, and was a free contributor in money, labor and influence to all undertakings that promised to ad- vance the common weal. CHARLES GREGORY KING. The following brief sketch of a business life^ with the porti-ait of its subject, will introduce to our read- ers Charles Gregory King, a pioneer lumber merchant of Cuyahoga county. He was born in the town of Sand Lake, Eeusselaer county, New York, on the 37th of September, 1823, and is one of a family of fourteen children, all of whom lived to reacli the age of manhood and womanhood. He was early initiated into the practical details oi farming, which was his father's avocation. The necessity of constant indus- try early inured the boy to habits of self-denial, but seriously interfered with intellectual culture, for which he manifested a strong desire. At the age of sixteen his father died, leaving bereaved hearts and an encumbered estate as an inheritance to his family. With the courage and determination which have characterized his whole life, Charles, together with some of his brothers, pro- vided a home for their beloved mother and their younger brothers and sisters. Seven years of his life were thus occupied; then his long fostered desire for mental improvement would brook no further repres- sion, and he felt at liberty to devote the proceeds of the next few months' labor to defraying the expense of tuition in the Brockport Collegiate Institute, lo- cated in westei'n New York. In alternate study and teaching he spent the years until 1849, when he started west in search of occupa tion. After a long and tiresome trip, which ex- tended into Michigan, he returned toward the East without accomplishing his object. At length, how- ever, his courage and perseverance overcame his ill- fortune, and at Erie, Pennsylvania, he was engaged as a buyer for a house which was shipping lumber to the Albany market. His latent ability as a business man soon exhibited itself, and, after various promo- tions, he removed to Cleveland in 1853, becoming a partner in the well-known firm of Foote & King, which established the lumberyards on River street. In the year 1862, owing to the failing health of Mr. Foote, the firm was dissolved, and for three years Mr. King conducted the business alone, at the end of which time Mr. D. K. Clint became a partner. In 1866 a new yard was established on Scranton avenue, and the house of. Rust, King & Co. com- menced the manufacture and sale of lumber. In 1874, when the River street yard was given up to the city for the purpose of building the viaduct, new rela- tions were entered into, the firm name becoming Rust, King & Clint, which it still continues to be. Commencing with limited capital, Mr. King has carefully and thoughtfully built up an extensive busi- ness, furnishing employment to many and sharing its benefits with a liberal hand. Amid all the fluctua- tions of monetary affairs, he has never been called to suffer serious financial loss, and at the age of fifty- six years we find him with the harness on, still pur- suing the even tenor of his business life, loved and honored in his domestic relations and esteemed by all as an upright Christian citizen. Whatever of success has attended Mr. King in his calling thus far, he attributes to the blessing of God upon the faithful use of his natural powers. ZENAS KING. Zenas King was born in Kingston, Vermont, May 1, 1818. His father was a farmer in that State, but removed to St. Lawrence county, New York, in 1823. Zenas remained on the farm until he was twenty-one years of age, when he came to Ohio and turned his X? BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 367 attention to other occupations. He settled in Milan, Erie county, and began to take contracts for the erection of buildings, in which business he developed that mechanical ingenuity which he has shown in after life. In 1848 he formed a partnership with Mr. 0. H. Buck and engaged in the mercantile busi- ness, which he followed successfully for eight years. His health partially failing, Mr. King disposed of his interest and engaged as a traveling agent for an agricultural-machinery house in Cincinnati; after which be became an agent for the Mosley Bridge Company. While connected with this company he became impressed with the defects of wooden bridges, and he continued to study upon the matter until he originated the "King Iron Bridge." In 1861 he obtained a patent for his invention. The next year Mr. King removed his family to OWeland, and erected extensive and commodious works on the corner of St. Clair and Wason streets for the purpose of manufacturing his bridges, and also steam boilei's. His partner, Mr. Preese, on a dissolution of the firm took the boiler department, while Mr. King retained the bridge business. The introduction of the bridge was a great task, for it was hard to make people believe that an iron bridge could possibly be built for fifteen hundred or two thousand dollars, when the old iron ones cost six to eight times as much, and yet were so heavy that they were capable of sustaining far less weight than the light and inexpensive ones invented by Mr. King. Knowing the value of his invention and the correct mechanical , principles involved in it, he resolutely pushed its claims until his bridges are now spanning rivers and minor streams in all parts of the country from Maine to Texas, he being the first who intro- duced the use of iron to any extent for ordinary high- way bridges. Mr. King has already built a hundred miles of bridges, and is making larger additions to the num- ber every year. In 1871 he organized the "King Bridge Manufacturing Stock Company," of which he is the president and manager. He is also president of the St. Clair and Collamer railway company. The "King bridge" is not only a monument of the inventive genius and business ability of Zenas K'ng, but is also a great public benefit, and as such it will doubtless be recognized in the near future. Mr. King has long been a vestryman in St. Paul's Episcopal Church. In 1844 he was married to Miss M. C. Wheelock, of Ogdensburg, New York; they have four children living. JARED POTTER KIRTLAND. This eminent man — physician, scientist and nat- uralist — achieved decided distinction in his chosen sphere, and Cuyahoga county, where a large por- tion of his scientific work was done, may well feel proud of a citizen so intently devoted to some of the profoundest researches of which the human mind is capable. Dr. Kirtland was eminently a self-made naturalist, and to an inborn genius for that branch of science he added enthusiasm and untiring persever- ance — twin sisters of success. He was born in Wallingford, Connecticut, in 1795, and at the age of fifteen made his first appearance in Ohio, in Poland township, whither his father had preceded him as general agent of the Connecticut Land company. It being decided that young Kirt- land should be a doctor, he was sent in 1817 to the famous medical school of Dr. Rush, in PhiJadelphia, and upon completing his education there, he returned to Poland, and entered upon an active medical prac- tice. It was during his experience as a country phy- sician that his taste for natural science began to de- velop itself, and for twenty years of his life in that section he paid eager attention to the study of animal nature, with which the country richly teemed. The publication of his extensive researches was made under the patronage of the Boston Historical Society, and brought him into prominent notice as a high authority in that department of science. In 1838 he was appointed to the department of Natural His- tory in the Geological Survey, organized by the State of Ohio, and shortly afterwards was chosen to fill a chair in the Ohio Medical College, at Cincinnati. The latter position he vacated in 1838 to take a similar place in the Cleveland Medical College. In that year he purchased a residence in Rockport, and there in- troduced the culture of fruit, which, largely followed by others, has bestowed remarkable prosperity upon that township. Meanwhile Dr. Kirtland continued his studies as a naturalist and his lectures at the col- lege. His developments in the field of scientific hor- ticulture gave to that business an emphatic impetus, and his valued labors as a naturalist are perpetuated in the Kirtland academy of natural sciences, of Cleve- land. At the close of an extended and useful life. Dr. Kirtland died at his home in Rockport, Decem- ber 10, 1877, at the age of eighty-four. DAVID LONG. Dr. David Long, the first physician who located in Cleveland, was born in Washington county, New York, September 29, 1787. In 1810, at the age of twenty-three, he first set foot in Cleveland, whither he had removed to begin his career. There was no doc- tor in all Cuyahoga county at that early day, and the arrival of Dr. Long was hailed with much joy by the inhabitants. The arduous task of "doctoring" in that sparsely settled country, found in Dr. Long a man well calculated to overcome its difficulties, and despite the hardships, the inconveniences and inces- sant labors attendant upon his duties, he pursued them with unflagging zeal, and became a very successful practitioner. He was a surgeon in the army during the war of 1812, and, as an example of what he had trained himself to do in an emergency, it is related that he rode from Black river to Cleveland — twenty- 368 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. eight miles — in two hours and a quarter, to report the news of General Hull's surrender. After a continuous medical practice of upwards of thirty years, Dr. Long rested upon the well earned fruits of his industry, and at the end of an active and honorable life he died on the first day of September, 1851, aged sixty-four years. He was one of the foremost in the promotion of public enterprises, and freely gave his influence and support to numerous religious and educational in- stitutions of his time. Although popular in a re- markable degree, he never craved political distinction, and perhaps the only public office he held was that of county commissioner. It was at the time when the villages of Newburg and Cleveland were hotly con- testing for the honor of being the county-seat, and an election as county commissioner then was no slight mark of popularity. As a physician, as a man, and as a citizen. Dr. Long achieved a high reputation, and left the heritage of an honored name not only to his descendants but to the medical profession in Cuya- hoga county, of which he was the foremost pioneer. KOBERT F. PAINE. The subject of this sketch was born in Madison county, New York, on the 10th day of May, 1810. He is the second son of Solomon J. Paine and Lucre- tia Bierce Paine, who were both natives of Cornwall, Litchfield county, Con: ecticut. His father was the son of Eufus Paine, and his mother was the daughter of William Bierce, both of whom served in the Amer- ican army during the entire war of the Eevolution, and both of whom shared with that army the suffer- ings and privations of the winter of 1777-8 at Valley Forge. They both also lived to be over eighty years of age. In March, 1815, Solomon Paine left his native town and removed with his family to Nelson, Portage county, Ohio. His entire property consisted of two horses and a wagon, and such goods as he was able to store in the latter after furnishing room for a wife and four children. After five weeks weary journey- ing they arrived at Nelson, where the family remained until after the death of Mr. Paine, which occurred in 1828. Kobert F. Paine's opportunities for obtaining an education were very few. He had to travel a mile and a half daily to the log school-house, and after he was nine years old was obliged to work on the farm during all but the winter months. At the death of his father, which occurred when he was eighteen years of age, he took charge of the family and continued to provide for them by his labor until the children were able to care for themselves. In 1837 young Paine determined to become a law- yer, and, without an instructor and with but few books, he entered upon a course of hard study. Without a single previous recitation, he was exam- ined at the September term of the supreme court. sitting at Eavenna, in 1839, and was admitted to practice. In the fall of the same year he was elected justice of the peace, and served a term of three years. Immediately after his admission to the bar he opened an office in Garrettsville for the practice of his pro- fession. In 1844 Mr. Paine was elected to the Ohio legisla ture, and the following year was renominated but de- clined; his declination being followed by his election as prosecuting attorney of Portage county and his removal to Eavenna. At the expiration of his term of two years he removed to Cleveland, and on the 1st (jf May, 1848, opened a law office in that city. In 1849 he was appointed clerk of the court of common pleas, which position he held until the adoption of the new constitution in 1853, when he returned to his legal practice. In 1860 he was chosen a delegate to the Eepublican national convention at Chicago, which nominated Abraham Lincoln for president, and took an active part in its proceedings. He was appointed United States district attorney for the northern dis- trict of Ohio, in April, 1861, and held that position four years. In 1869 Mr. Paine was elected judge of the court of common pleas of Cuyahoga county, which office he I'etained until May, 1874. During his term he disposed of an unusual number of civil and crim- inal cases. Some eight or ten cases of homicide (five of which resulted in conviction of murder in the first degree) were tried before him. Among them was the noted trial of Dr. J. Galentine, convicted of man- slaughter. The defense of emotional insanity had been ineffectually set up, and in his charge to the jury the judge dealt in an original and able manner with that class of defenses. The following letter was written to him on that occasion by General Garfield: "Washington^, D. C, February 6, 1871. "Dear Judge: — Allow me to congratulate you on your splendid charge to the jury at the close of the Galentine case. The whole country owes you a debt of gratitude for brushing away the wicked absurdity which has lately been palmed off on the country as law, on the subject of insanity. If the thing had gone much further all that a man would need to se- cure immunity from murder would be to tear his hair and rave a little, and then kill his man. I hope you will print your opinion in pamphlet form and senS it broadcast to all the judges of the land. "Very truly yot(rs, "J. A. Garfield." We also quote extracts from the New York Tribune, embodying the best opinions of the country. After giving a brief synopsis of the case it says: " But it is to the extremely lucid and sensible charge of Judge Paine to the jury that we desire to call special attention. It is not always that a judicial summing up has so much common sense crowded into it. 'If you should find,' said Judge Paine, 'that the defendant was overwhelmed by any real or supposed provocation, which for the moment deprived him of all power to control his action, and incapable of reasoning or de- liberation, then inquire, did the defendant, by indulg- ing passion, by meditating revenge and cultivating Missing Page Missing Page Missing Page Missing Page ^,a^« BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 375 to Cleveland. His father soon afterward purchased a farm in Newburg, "where he resided until his death. Until twenty-five years of age Mr. Quayle worked as a journeyman at his trade of ship-carpenter, to which he had been apprenticed before leaving the Isle of Man. In 1847 he formed a co-partnership with John Codey, and at once started in the ship- building business. This firm lasted three years, dur- ing which time it built the brigs "Caroline" and "Shakespeare" for Charles Richmond, of Chicago. In 1849 Mr. Codey withdrew from the business and went to California. Soon afterward Mr. Quayle went into company with Luther Moses, and for two years the firm carried on an extensive business, having from six to seven vessels on the stocks at once, and turning out two sets a year. The year after Mr. Moses left the firm, a partnership was formed with John Martin, and the business was enlarged and extended. In one year this firm built thirteen vessels, among others, the bar- que "W. T. Graves," which carried the largest cargo of any fresh- water vessel afloat. The propeller " Dean Richmond" is another important production of Quayle & Martin's yard. Besides these, four first-class ves- sels, built for Mr. Prank Perew, deserve mention as giving character to Cleveland ship-building. They were named the "MaryE. Perew," " D. P. Dobbin," "Chandler J. Wells" and "J. G. Masten." Messrs. Quayle & Martin also built the tug "J. H. Martin," intended for their use in the port of Erie. In 1874 the partnership with Mr. Martin was dis- solved and a new one was formed with George L. and Thomas B. Quayle, under the name of Thomas Quayle & Sons, which is still in existence. The first vessels built by this firm were the "E. B. Hale" and the "Sparta." The following year it built the " Commo- dore," the largest vessel on the lakes. During the summer of 1878, Quayle & Sons built two propellers for the Anchor Line, and. one for the Western Trans- portation Company, of Buffalo; the latter being called the "Buffalo." They have just launched (August, 1879,) the "Chicago," a magnificent boat of one thousand seven hundred and seventy-five tons bur- den, which they have built for the latter named com- pany. The vessels built by the firms of which Mr. Quayle has been the head are known all over the great lakes, and far exceed in number those of any other firm in the West. Mr. Quayle stands high among the. citizens of Cleveland for integrity of character, and as a man who always fulfills his obligations to employer and em- ployed. He is a member of the Second Presbyterian church and active in all the duties pertaining to that relation. For a number of years he has been associ- ated with the Masonic order, being a member of Big- elow lodge, on the West Side, and of Webb chapter, on the East Side. He is also a member of the Monas Relief Society, composed of people from the Isle of Man. Mr. Quayle was married in 1835 to Eleanor Can- non, of the Isle of Man, by whom he had eleven chil- dren, of whom six are living. She died in Septem- ber, 1860. In February, 1867, he was married to Mary Proudfoot, daughter of John Proudfoot, Esq., of Cleveland. His children have been Thomas E., born July 26, 1836; William H., born April 27, 1838; John James, born October 17, 1839, who died Feb- ruary 13, 1843; Eleanor M., born March 7, 1841, who died February 16, 1843; George L., born June 15, 1842; Charles E., born January 23, 1845, who died September 16, 1871; Matilda, born July 20, 1846; Caroline J., born March 31, 1848; John F., born Au- gust 31, 1850, who died February 4, 1853; Mary H., born November 19, 1853; and Frederick M., born May 11, 1858, who died September 14, 1859. DANIEL P. RHODES. The subject of this memoir was born in Sudbury, Rutland county, Vermont, in the year 1814. When but five years of age he lost his father, and from that time onward was compelled to help earn his own live- lihood. Thus, almost at the threshold of life, he had to struggle with adverse circumstances, and was com- pelled to overcome by his own energy the discourage- ments and difficulties everywhere met with. When he was fifteen years of age his mother remarried, and he then found a home with his stepfather for six years. At the age of twenty-one young Rhodes determined to leave Vermont, and make for himself a home and fortune in the distant West. His stepfather was strongly attached to him, and, being a man of means, offered him a farm if he would remain in Vermont. But the young man was firm in his determination, and declining the tempting offer departed for the West. On his subsequently returning to the home of his youth, his stepfather offered him half of his property if he would remain and occupy it. The inducement was very strong, but the young man had made an engagement of marriage with a lady in the West, and befoi'e giving a final answer to the propo- sition, he decided to revisit his pioneer home and con- sult her to whom ho had plighted his faith. He came back West by canal, and on the long, slow journey had ample time to consider the subject of his future home. The beauty and grandeur of the west- ern scenery, the freedom from all the conventionalities which prevail in more densely settled sections, the stern, rugged virtues of the men whom he found in the wilderness, together with the independent career opened to him strongly impressed his manly, demo- cratic mind, and he resolved to cast his lot in the West. Saying nothing of the matter to his affianced, he wrote to his parents, making known his resolution to decline their kind offer, and future circumstances proved the wisdom of his decision. For thirty years Mr. Rhodes was a resident of Cleveland, and the same restless and indomitable energy which prompted him to prefer the untrodden paths of the wilderness to the pleasures of an eastern 3^6 THE CITY 01? CLEVELAHB. home, accompanied him throughout that time and impressed his name upon many of the most important enterprises of the Forest City. He was one of the pioneers in the coal ti-ade of Cleveland, which has since grown to such magnificent proportions. His first enterprise in that line was at what are known as the old Brier Hill mines, in 1845, in com- pany with Gov. Tod and Mr. Ford. Their produc- tion of coal was about fifty tons per week, and this was then deemed a large business. The diffi- culties in the way of the iuti'oduction of even this, the very best of coal, were very great. Wood was the universal fuel for domestic use. The only chance to sell coal was to the lake steamers, and even there the old prejudice against any departure from the beaten track had to be overcome. Mr. Rhodes, who had charge of the Cleveland end of the business, was, however, well fitted to make a fight against obstacles, and by his steady persevereuce he succeeded in introducing coal largely for use on the lake boats. He was an untiring worker, ever on the watch for his customers from early morn to the close of day, devoting his evenings to posting up his books and attending to his other office work. The coal business of the firm grew rapidly, and the members turned their attention to other sections of the State, opening mines in both Tuscarawas and "Wayne coun- ties. In Tuscarawas county Mr. Rhodes, in company with Gov. Tod, began the development of the black band iron ore, the uses of which had not previously been appreciated, although its existence had been known. In 1855 the firm of Tod & Rliodes was dissolved, and in 1857 Mr. Rhodes formed a copartnership with Mr. I. F. Card. They went to work with great ear- nestness developing the black band ore and other min- eral resources of Tuscarawas county. At first they mined large quantities for sale to the Massillon fur- naces, but subsequently they made up their minds that the proper place to smelt the ore was where it was mined, and in 1864 they purchased the old blast furnace at Canal Dover, in Tuscarawas county, where they have since carried on large manufactures of pig metal. In 1860 Mr. Rhodes' attention was attracted to the mineral resources of Stark county, and in that year he opened the famous Willow Bank mine, which has proved to be one of the most extensive and profitable coal mines ever opened in Ohio. This was, only the beginning of his enterprises in this county and valley, for he was the principal prompter of other efforts of a similar character. Under his auspices were opened the Rhodes, the Willow Bank number Three, the Buckeye, and the Warmingtou mines. He was like- wise largely interested in the Fulton Coal company and the Silver Creek Company, and a zealous pro- moter of their interests. So that from his original production of fifty tons of coal weekly, he increased the amount until, at the time of his death, he had the controlling interest or was a large owner in mines which wei-e capable of producing two thousand tons daily. His peddling steamboat business, too, of 1845 -50, had increased under the.direction of the firm of which he was the founder, to a trade of two hundred and fifty thousand tons of coal yearly. In 1867 the firm of Rhodes & Card was dissolved, Mr. Rhodes and Mr. Card retiring, and that of Rhodes & Co. was formed, consisting of George H. Warmington, Marcus A. Ilanna, (Mr. Rhodes' son-in-law,) and his son, Robert R. Rhodes. In the work of developing the great railway system of northern Ohio Mr. Rhodes had an honorable share. He took an active part in the construction of the northei'n division of the Cleveland and Toledo railroad, and was a member of the executive com- mitte of the company. He also bore a large part iu causing the construction of the Massillon and Cleve- land and the Lake Shore and Tuscrawas Valley rail- ways. Mr. Rhodes' residence was on the west side of tlie Cuyahoga, and he did more than any other man to build up that portion of Cleveland. One great cause of contention between the two sections arose from the persistent efforts of the people on the west side to obtain improved means of communication with the more important region east of the river. In all these contests, from the time when a float bridge was- the only means of passage, to the inception and partial completion of the splendid viaduct (for he died before it was finished), Mr. Rhodes was one of the foremost in urging the claims of his section of the city. He, in company with Mr. H. S. Stevens, constructed the West Side Street railroad; he was a zealous promoter of the building of the West Side Gas Works, and was the founder of the People's Sav- ings and Loan Association, of which he was the presi- dent at the time of his death. He was also one of of the builders and a large stockholder in the Rocky River railroad, which connected the West Side with the favorite resort at Rocky river. He had likewise various other interests, such as in Illinois coal land, Chicago real estate, and he was large real estate owner in his own city. In politics he was a strict constructionist Demo- crat of the Jeffersonian and Jacksouian school, but though very active in his party he never asked nor cared for any office in its gift. He was a cousin of Stephen A. Douglas, and from the first entrance of the latter into public life until his death Mr. Rhodes was his earnest and steady supporter; being a delegate to both the Charleston and Baltimore Democratic na- tional conventions of 1860, at the latter of which Mr. Douglas was nominated for the presidency. Mr. Rhodes died on the 5th day of August, 1875, and we close our article with two articles published by leading journals soon after that event. The first says: "Among those men, whose efforts form the corner stone of Cleveland's prosperity, Mr. Rhodes was in the front rank; and for this reason his memory will always be honored by our people. But other "traits will make his memory perennial. The kindness and L^i^l^^ /P(r^/^^^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 377 sympathy of his manner endeared the deceased to all who came in contact with him. This manner was for the poor and lowly, as well as for the wealthy and ex- clusive. Wealth in his hands was not alone for per- sonal gratification, but was freely drawn upon to help the needy and unfortunate." The second article reads as follows: "Mr. Rhodes had the happy faculty of securing the genuine esteem and warm friendship of all with whom lie came incontact, whatever their position in life, or however widely apart his views and theirs might be. He was a man of the people, a practical disbeliever in class distinctions and yet having a healthy contempt for demagogues of all descriptions. His bluff, hearty-manner was not assumed, but was a genuine characteristic of tlie man. The wealth that caine as the result of hard work and good business judgment made not the slightest difference in him. His was one of those sterling characters that prosper- ity could not spoil. Warm-hearted, true-hearted, and thoroughly unselfish, his we: 1th benefited others as well as himself, and the prosperity which brought ease and comfort to him was begrudged him by none." ANSEL ROBERTS. Ansel Roberts, the eldest son of Channcey and Lydia (Albro) Roberts, was born in the town of Mendon, Ontario county, New York, on the 17th of October, 1807. His father was of Welsh descent, but was a native of Vermont, having emigrated to western New York when a young man, where he engaged in farming. When about nineteen years of age he married Lydia Albro, a native of Newport, Rhode Island, by whom he had ten children. In 1818 he removed, with his family, to Ohio, traveling overland to Buffalo, and from there by boat to Ashtabula, where he first set- tled. Soon afterward he engaged in the manufacture of boots, shoes and harness, employing a number of hands, in which business he continued until 1825, when he sold out. The following year he removed to Lower Sandusky, and purchased an interest in the stage-line running between Sandusky and Cincinnati, of which he became the superintendent. He re- mained in this employment until his death, which occurred in 1838. His wife survived him several years, dying in 1844. He was a prominent person in the community where he resided; a man of great lib- erality and generous impulses, slow to anger, but im- placable wlien once aroused. The subject of this notice had but few educational advantages, his father being in moderate circum- stances and obliged to make his way in a new country. Young Ansel remained at home until 1826, when he went to Monroe county, New York, where he re- mained until the fall of that year. He then returned to Ohio, and found employment at first in a ware- house, and afterward as clerk in the stores of H. J. Reese and William W. Reed. In the spring of 1831 he left Mr. Reed's employ- ment and removed to Rochester, New York, where he engaged in the dry goods business on his own ac- count. This business he carried on for fourteen years, meeting with varying success. At the end of that time, the business not proving satisfactory, he disposed of it and went to New York city, where he remained one year. Subsequently he spent some time as clerk in a large wool-dealer's establishment in Rochester. In 1846 Mr. Roberts returned to Ohio, coming di- rectly to Cleveland, where he engaged in the fleece and full-wool business, which he carried on success- fully until his retirement in 1867. During his residence in Cleveland Mr. Roberts has been prominently identified with the politics of the city and county. He is widely known as a staunch Republican, having invariably supported that party. In the spring of 1860 he was elected a member of the board of education, and was re-elected the following year, serving as secretary of that body and as a mem- ber of the committee on buildings and supplies. In 1863 he was elected to the city council from the second ward for a term of two years, and was ap- pointed chairman of the finance committee. He was re- elected to the council in 1864 and again in 1866; hold- ing the same position throughout the three terms. In 1864 he was elected auditor of Cuyahoga county, and , was re-elected to that office in 1866, serving with his usual vigor and ability. He was assistant assessor of internal revenue in 1873 for the eighteenth district of Ohio, and was appointed collector of that district by President Johnson, which appointment was confirmed by the Senate in 1867, but was declined by him. In 1868 he was elected sanitary trustee for one year; was re-elected in 1869 for three years, and at the end of his term was again re-elected for the same time. For seven years he occupied the position of secretary of the sanitary board. In addition to these civil oSices Mr. Roberts has been for sevei-al years a director of the Ohio National Bank, and is a trustee of the Cleveland Society for Savings and the president of the Cleveland Paper Company. In his business relations, and throughout his official career, Mr. Roberts has maintained a high reputation for integrity and strictly honorable dealing. During the war for the Union he was active in support of the national cause and spent a great deal of time in procuring substitutes for those liable to draft. He is a member of Trinity church (Episcopal) in which he has for twenty years held the office of senior warden. He was married on the 20th of October, 1836, to Miss Sarah J. Hatch, daughter of Orrin Hatch, of Genesee county. New York. By this union he had one child, Sarah Louisa, born July 30, 1836, and now the wife of John M. Sterling, Jr. Mrs. Eob- erts died in October, 1863. Mr. Roberts married his second wife. Miss Amanda Bartlett Cowan, in October, 1867. 48 378 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. JOHN P. ROBISON. Dr. John P. Eobisoii, one of Cleveland's promi- nent citizens, became a resident of Ohio, 'in 1832 and of Cleveland thirty years later. His grandfather, John Decker Eobison, an American of Scotch descent, was a soldier under Braddock in his disastrous campaign against Fort Du Quesne, and fought throughout the Revolutionary war. His son, Peter Eobison, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a farmer in Western New York, and in Ontario county of that State John P. Eobison was born, on the 23d day of January, 1811. Until he reached his sixteenth year he lived upon his father's farm, passing his time in active agricul- tural labors and at the village school. It being then determined to provide him with a good education, he was sent to Niffing's high school, at Vienna, New York, where he attained high rank as a student, and also imbibed a taste for medical science and the medi- cal profession. He was received as a private pupil of President Woodward, of the Vermont College of Medi- cine, from which institution he was graduated in 1831. Eagerly ambitious to enter the bustling scenes of practical life, he migrated without delay to Ohio and settled as a medical practitioner at Bedford, Cuya- hoga county, in February, 1832. He pursued the practice of his profession at that place with gratifying success for eleven years, but in 1842 he decided to engage in the mercantile business at that point. Ac- cordingly, in company with Mr. W. B. Hillman, he carried on for some time thereafter an extensive busi- ness as a storekeeper, miller, provision dealer and land speculator; engaging in fact in almost any enterprise that promised a liberal return. In November, 1832, Dr. Eobison married a daugh- ter of Hezekiah Dunham, the founder of the village of Bedford. Of their children three survive; one son being engaged with his father in business, and another being upon the eve of entering the legal pro- fession. During his busy experience at Bedford Dr. Eobison was not unmindful of the high claims of religion, and as early as practicable founded at Bedford a congre- gation of Disciples, he being a close friend and as- sociate of the leader of that denomination, Alexander Campbell. He labored for the upbuilding of that cause "without money and without pi-ice." Such was his energy, zeal and devotion that although at the beginning of his ministerial labors his congrega- tion numbered less than a dozen persons, yet he left it to his successor — at the close of a sixteen years' ministry, given without fee or reward of any kind — swelled in membership to four hundred and forty. As a teacher of the Disciple doctrine he frequently journeyed with Alexander Campbell through the State, and with that eminent leader lifted up his voice before vast assemblages, while his purse yielded freely and often of its wealth to prosper the cause of the Church. In 1862 he took up his residence in Cleveland, hav- ing entered, in 1858, with General 0. M. Oviatt, into the business of packing provisions at that city, on an extended scale. The firm held a conspicuous place as packers, and their " Buckeye " brand was known and highly lauded in all the great provision marts of America and England. After continuing until 1867, the partnership between Dr. Eobison and Gen. Oviatt was dissolved. The fonner continued the business a short time on his own account, and then took as a partner, Archibald Baxter, of New York, through whose failure in the latter city,, in 1875, Dr. Eobison suffered very heavy loss. In that year he formed a new partnership, with Dr. W. S. Sti'eatorand S. E. Streator, under the firm name of J. P. Eobison & Co., which continues to this day as one of the leading packing houses in the West. Previous to 1875 he had engaged largely in packing in Chicago, Illinois, and Lafayette, Indiana; returning permanently to Cleve- land, however, after a brief absence. He has ever been active and generous in the pro- motion of public enterprises, and in schemes for the public good his heart and band have always been freely enlisted. His services on behalf of the Union cause during the rebellion were of no slight value and they were exercised moreover with untiring zeal and patriotism. He was among the most active workers in procuring volunteers for the Federal army, and in many other ways displayed in a sub- stantial and emphatic manner his devotion to his country. His earliest political faith was that of a Clay Whig, and upon the dismemberment of that party he joined the ranks of the Democracy. In 1861 he was chosen to the State senate by a coalition of the War Democrats and Eepublicans, by the largest vote given to any senator from Cuyahoga, and after that event he cast his lot with the Eepublican party, to which he still remains a staunch adherent. Since his retirement from the senate he hasj re- jected political honors, as being less in keeping with his desires and tastes than the duties pertaining to his own large and important business. In the capa- city of director of public and private trusts he has always been watchful and capable in the administra- tion of his duties. For twenty years or more he has been a trustee of Bethany College in West Virginia, and for a long time filled a similar place in connec- tion with Hiram College in the Western Eeserve. He is a director of the Second National Bank, of the People's Savings and Loan Association, and of the Lake View Cemetery; having been one of the earliest supporters of the last-named institution and one of the first subscribers to its stock. He has been closely identified with the Northern Ohio Fair Association from its formation and has been the president of that widely known and valuable organization for the jjast five years. A4)- BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 379 WILLIAM G. ROSE. William G. Rose was born in Mercer county, Penn- sylvania, on the 23rd day of Septembei-, 1839, and is the youngest of eleven children, all of whom lived to be married and became heads of families. His parents were James and Martha (McKenley) Eose, the former of English and the latter of Scotch-Irish descent. His paternal grandfather, Andrew Rose, was for many years manager of an iron furnace in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, and removed with his family to Mercer county in 1790. His maternal grandfather, David McKenley, was a soldier in the war of the Revolution. His father, who with four brothers served in the war of 1812, had ten grandsons wlio enlisted in the Union armies at the commencement of the late rebel- lion; all serving three years and all re-cnlisting except three, one of whom died in a rebel prison. William G. Rose also served as a private in a three months' regiment, in West Virginia. The subject of this sketch labored on a farm in summer and attended school during the winter months until lie was seventeen years of age, when, in order to provide means to obtain a more thorough education, he taught in the public schools part of each year and pursued his- studies during the i-emainder. He pursued this course for six years, attending vari- ous academies, and at the expiration of that time had acquired a fair knowledge of Latin, Greek and the higher mathematics. At the age of twenty-three he commenced the study of law in the office of the Hon. Wm. Stewart, of Mercer, Pennsylvania, and was ad- mitted to the bar on the 17th day of April, 1855, when he immediately entered upon the duties of his profession in his native county. Soon afterward, however, Mr. Rose became inter- ested in politics, and for a short time was one of the editors and proprietors of a weekly newspaper known as the Independent Democrat. Although his ante- cedents were Democratic, his opposition to the exten- sion of slavery in the Territories induced him to join the Republican party at its inception. In 1857 he was elected to the Pennsylvania legislature, and was re-elected in 1858. In 1860 he was elected a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago, which nominated Lincoln for the presidency, but on account of illness was unable to attend, his place being filled by an alternate. He was twice presented by the Republican party of his native county as a candidate for Congress; the last time, in 1864, unani- mously. His nomination in the district, which was composed of four counties, and at that time was largely Republican, was only prevented because, under the system then in vogue, in that portion of Penn- sylvania, other counties claimed a prior right to the nominee. In 1865 Mr. Rose removed to Cleveland, where, after being admitted to the practice of the law, he engaged in the purchase and sale of real estate. He continued this pursuit until 1874, when he retired from business and made an extensive tour through California, and the Western Territories. In 1867 Mr. Rose was elected mayor of Cleveland, an office which he filled with entire satisfaction to his constituents. His administration was characterized by a wise and judicious management of municipal affairs generally, and an active support of all enter- prises calculated to develop the prosperity of the city. He was married in 1858 to Martha E. Parmelee, a graduate of Oberlin College. Their family consists of four children, Alice E., Hudson P., Frederick H. and Willie K. JAMES HENRY SALISBURY. The subject of this sketch was born at "Evergreen Terrace," in the town of Scott, Cortland county. New York, on the 13th day of Gctober, 1823. His eai'liest ancestor in thiscountry came to America from North Wales, and settled in Rhode Island about the year 1640. His great-grandfather was born at War- wick, Rhode Island, but early in life removed to Cranston, in the same State, where he married a Miss Pierce, by whom he had the following children: Peleg, (known as the "big man of Warwick"), Mar- tin, Job, Mial, Nathan, Rebecca and Phoebe. Nathan, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch was born December 1, 1751. He was married on the 16th of July, 1771, to Abigail Stone, (born October 16, 1753,) only daughter of Joseph Stone, of Cranston, a descendant of Hugh Stone, the "stolen boy," and ancestor of the Stone family in America. The maiden name of Abigail Stone's mother's was Brown. She was a near relative of John Brown, the founder of Rhode Island College, afterward Brown University. Nathan Salisbury was lieutenant of the company under Captain Burgess that fired into the British frigate " Gasper," a short time before the Revo- lutionary war. He resided at Cranston until 1795, when he removed to Providence. In March, 1803, he removed to Hartford, Washington county, New York, where he remained till 1806, and then went to Cazenovia, in Madison county, in the same State. In March, 1807, he removed to Homer, now Cortland county, and in the fall of the same year settled in Ho- mer and purchased a farm lying on the waters of Cold bi-ook, where he remained till his death, on the 14th of May, 1817. His children were Waity, Sally, John, Joseph Martin (who followed the sea, and died on a voyage returning from China), Anna, Mary, Lucinda, Ambrose, Cynthia, Nathan and Phcebe. Nathan, the father of James H. Salisbury, pur- chased, in 1815, a farm on lot ninety-five, in the town of Scott, which is the site of " Evergreen Terrace," the Salisbury homestead. On the 21st "of January, 1818, he was married to Lucretia A. Babcock, (born September 30, 1792), daughter of James and Mary Gibbs Babcock, who moved from Blandford, Massa- chusetts, to Scott, New York, in 1815. Nathan 380 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Salisbury and wife have resided at "Evergreen Ter- race'' sixty-one years, and have reared the following children: Amanda A., Charles B., James H., Milton L., Burdette J., Charlotte A., William W. and Nathan, Jr. James H., the subject of this sketch, received his early education at Homer Academy, tiion presided over by Prof. Samuel Woolworth, now secretary of the board of regents of the University of the State of New York. He received the degree of Bachelor of Natural Sciences (B .N. S.) at the Polytechnic Insti- tute at Troy, New York, in 1844, previous to which he had been appointed assistant under Prof. Ebenezer Emmons, in the chemical department of the Geolog- ical Survey of the State of New York, which place he filled till January 1, 1849, when he was made princi- pal of the same depairtment. He remained principal, with his brother, Charles B., as assistant, until 1852. Dr. Salisbury received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the Albany Medical College in Janu- ary, 1850, and that of Master of Arts from Union College, Schenectady, in August, 1853. He was elected a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1848, and the same year was also made a member of the Albany Institute. In 1853 he was elected corresponding member of the Natural History Society of Montreal. In 1879 he was elected a member of the Philosophical Society of Great Britain. In 1857 he was elected a* member of the American Antiquarian Society, and in 1876, was made vice president of the Western Reserve Histor- ical Society, which office he still holds. In 1848 Dr. Salisbury received a gold medal from the Young Men's Association of Albany, New York, for the best essay on the "Anatomy and History of Plants." In 1849 he won the prize of three hundred dollars, offered by the State Agricultural Society of New York for the best essay on the " chemical and physiological examinations of the maize plant during its various stages of growth." This made a work of over two hundred pages, and was published in the New York State Agricultural Reports for 1849, and subsequently copied entire in the State Agricultural Reports of Ohio. In 1851-53 he gave two courses of lectures on elementary and applied chemistry, in the New York State Normal School. He also conducted a series of interesting experiments, on different sub- jects, which were embodied in a paper i-ead before the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in 1851, and were published in their transac- tions, and also in the New York Jotirnal of Medicine of a later date. The following list of his published works and pa- pers will serve to give some idea of the extent and variety of his labors: Analysis of Fruits, Vegetables and Grain; Chemi- ciil Investigations of the Maize Plant (prize essay, 306 pages); Chemical Analysis of Five Varieties of the Cabbage; Chemical examination of the various parts of the Plant Rheum Ehaponticum; Chemical Exam- ination ofRumex Crispus; Experiments and Observa- tion on the Influence of Poisons and Medicinal Agents upon Plants; Chemical Examination of the Fruit of Five Varieties of Apples; Chemical Investigations con- nected with the Tomato, the Fruit of the Egg Plant, and Pods of the Okra; History, Culture and Compo- sition of Apium Graveolens and Cichorium Intibns; Facts and Remarks on the Indigestibility of Food; Composition of Grains, Vegetables and Fruits; Mi- croscopic Researches in the Cause of the so-called "Blight" in Apple, Pear and Quince Trees, etc.; Ciironic Diarrhcea and its Complications; Something about Cryptogams, Fermentation and Disease; Prob- able Source of the Steatorzoon Folliculorum; Investi- gations, Chemical and Microscopical, on the Spleen and Mesenteric and Lymphatic Glands; Defective Alimentation a Primary Cause of Disease; On the Cause of Intermittent and Remittent Fevers; Exper- iments on Poisoning with the Vegntable Alkaloids; Discovery of Cholesterine and Seroline as Secretions of Various Glands; Remarks on Fungi; On Inoculating tJie Human System with Straw Fungi; Parasitic Forms Developed in the Parent Epithelial Cells, etc.; Remarks on the Structure, Functions and Classifica- tion of the Parent Gland Cells, etc.; Microscopic Re- searches relating to the Histology and Minute Anato- my of the Spleen, etc. ; Description of two new Algoid Vegetations; Geological Report of the Mill Creek Canal Coal Field; Analysis, Organic and Inorganic, of the Cucumber; Experiments on the Capillary At- tractions of the Soil; A New Carbonic Acid Appara- tus; Analysis of Dead Sea Water; Two Interesting Parasitic Diseases; Pus and Infection; Microscopic Examinations of Blood, etc. ; Vegetations found in the Blood of Patients suffering from Erysipelas; Infusor- ial Catarrh and Asthma; Analysis, Organic and In- organic, of the White Sugar Beet; Analysis, Organic and Inorganic, of the Parsnip; Ancient Rock and Earth Writing and Inscriptions of the Mound-build- ers; Influence of the Position of the Body ujion the Heart's Action; Material Application of Chemistry to Agriculture; Analysis, Organic and Inorganic, of the Several Kinds of Grains and Vegetables. Besides the foregoing, Dr. Salisbury is the -author of nearly thirty unpublished works and papers of decided value, on similar subjects. While in charge of the State laboratory of New York from 1849 to 1853, he was constantly engaged in chem- ical and medical investigations; the results of many of them being published in the Transactions of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in State geological and agricultural reports, and in the various scientific and medical journals of that period. In 1849 he began the studies in microscopic medi- cine in which he has been so successful. He has per- severed in these studies, with scarcely any intermis- sion, ever since, devoting much of his time daily to microscopic investigations. In 1858 he began the study of alimentation, which he mastered in all its pliases, and his subsequent investigations in regard to BIOGKAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 381 chronic diseases, diphtheria, intermittent and reniit- tent fevers, measles and many other diseases, have been extensirely published in foreign and domestic medical journals. The extended labors of himself and brother, 0. B. Salisbury, on the ancient earth and rock-writing of this country, in connection with the earth and rock- works of the ancient Mound-builders, haye been em- bodied in a large quarto volume with thirty-nme plates, which is in the hands of the American Anti- quarian Society, and is only partially published. The great labors of his life, comprising, as he claims, an explanation of the causes and successful treatment of nearly every chronic disease that is supposed to be in- curable, are yet unpublished. In January, 1864, Dr. Salisbury came to Cleveland to assist in starting tlie Charity Hospital College. He gave to this institution two courses of lectures, in 1864-5 and 1865-6, on Physiology, Histology and Microscopic Anatomy. From January, 1804, to the present time he has ' been busily engaged in treating chronic diseases, especially those which have hitherto been considered fatal, and his success in this field is widely known. In the early part of 1878 he was chosen president of tlie "Institute of Micrology," a position he continues to hold. JOHN C. SANDERS. Doctor Moses Sanders, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Milford, Massachusetts, having been born there on the 27th of May, 1789. He received a good English education and some knowledge of the Greek and Latin languages. At an early period he removed with his father's family to Saratoga county, New York, where he studied medi- cine, attending medical lectures in New York City. He began the practice of his profession in Manchester, near Canandaigua. He soon afterward married Miss Harriet M. Thompson, of Cherry Valley, by whom he had five children — Olive, IsabeUa, William D., John C. andEhoda, the last of whom died in infancy. In 1818 he removed to Peru, Huron county, Ohio, where, with the exception of three years spent in[Nor- walk, he passed the remainder of his life. Mrs. Sanders died on the 20th of October, 1829, and ho married, for bis second wife, Mrs. Pearly Douglas, of Elyria, Ohio. By this union he had one child, Elizabeth Chapin, born April 15, 1832. Doctor Moses Sanders was one of the pioneer physicians of Ohio, and for a period of nearly forty years devoted himself to the duties of his profession, which, was relinquished only when illness prevented its longer continuance. He died on the 18th of May, 1856, and consequently lacked only nine days of being sixty-seven years of age. The following extracts are taken from an address delivered at his funeral by the Rev. A. Newton: "In looking at the traits of Dr. Sanders' mind, I regard as among the most prominent, its energy and force. He never seemed to think feebly. His mind seized every subject within its range, with a firm grasp. * * * This mental force, combined with an ardent physical temperament, imparted great energy to all his movements. He had greatexecutive power. "Whatever he took hold of, he would accom- plish in a short time. Whatever he had in hand, he did with his might. "An open frankness was characteristic of Doctor Sanders. He carried his heart in his hand. He knew no concealment. * * * He was a man of warm social feelings. As a husband and a father, no man could be more beloved. Ihe strong social principles of his nature found their finest develope- ment in the family circle of which he wasthe honored head. * * * He was also liberal and public- - spirited. He had a ready sympathy with those objects and plans which look to the benefit of others. * * He saw the value of religious institutions before he felt a personal interest in religion itself, and was therefore a liberal supporter of the Gospel from his first entrance upon professional life. * * * "But the most marked characteristic of Doctor Sanders was his professional enthusiasm. His strong natural powers were entirely, I may say ifitensely, devoted to his chosen work. His profession was not a stepping-stone to wealth and fame, but it was an end in itself. * * * * Generous and public- spirited — attached to his friends — devoted to his pa- tients — untiring in his eiiorts to alleviate human suffering in all its forms, and in every grade and con- dition of life — a true philanthropist, he will long be remembered by the people of this county. An ornament to his profession, he has loft an examjile to its members which few, indeed, will be so fortunate as to excel." John C. Sanders was born in Peru, Huron county, Ohio, on the 2d day of July, 1825. He received his education (subsequent to tliat of the common schools) at Lima Academy, after which he began the study of medicine with his fathtr, remaining in his office five years. He was then graduated from the medical de- partment of the Western Ecscrve College, which at that time owned a distinguished faculty, consisting of Professors Kirtland, Delamater, Ackley, J. Lang Cassells and St. Johns. After his graduation young Sanders entci-ed into partnership with his father, in the practice of his profession at Peru. The young doctor continued in this relation for eighteen months, when, becoming convinced of the need of a broader general culture, he broke away from the ties of social and professional life, and began assiduously to prepare for a literary college course. At the end of one year he entered the Western Reserve College, where he remained two years, after which he became a member of the junior class at Yale College, and was graduated from that institution in the class of 1854. Immediately after his graduation he returned to Ohio, and established a partnership with Dr. A. N. Eead for the practice of medicine and surgery, at Norwalk. Soon after the death of his father, in 1856, Dr. Sanders removed to Cleveland, and opened an oflSce there. Becoming gradually impressed with the suc- cess of the homoeopathic system, he decided, with his 382 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. usiTal promptitude, to give it a special and thorough study. The line of his investigations was not in the direction of its literature, with which he was familiar, but of the clinical experience of the repi'osentative practitioners of that school in the city of Cleveland. He first entered the office of Dr. Turrill, and subse- quently that of Dr. Wheeler, i-emaining a year in each, engaged exclusively in the study of their clinical ex- periences. He became convinced of the superiority of the system in question, and decided to adopt and follow it. The success that has since attended his labors proves, as he claims, the wisdom of his choice. He opened an office on the Public Square, and soon took his place among the leading practitioners of the . city. Within a year afterward he received the ap- pointment of professor of obstetrics and diseases of women and children in the Cleveland Homa3opathic College, wliich position he occupied exclusively, with . the exception of one session, for a period of twenty years. For the past five years the chair has been di- vided, but he still presides over the department of obstetrics. For three sessions he lectured on the theory and practice of medicine, and during one ses- sion on physiology. As a lecturer he is fluent, logical and eminently clinical, with a fine command of lan- guage and a complete mastery of his subject. Aside from his collegiate duties he has cnjoj'ed a large general practice, and ranks among the most suc- cessful physicians of Cleveland. For nine years he lias been treasurer of the Homoeopathic Medical Soci- ety of Ohio, of which he has long been an active and valued member. He has alio been a frequent contrib- utor to its literature. For many years he has been a member of the American Institute of Homceopathy, holding the chairmanship of its bureau of obstetrics for a series of years, and having also been its vice president. The same energy and ability which characterized his youth have been conspicuous in all his subsequent life, and in the professor's chair as well as in the ex- tensive practice of a prominent physician, ho has ever discharged his duties in such a manner as to gain the approbation of the public. He is an entliusiastic supporter of the public school system, takes a deep interest in promoting all educational interests, and has been instrumental in the advancement of the stand- ards of professional scholarship in the medical schools. He is now president of the HomoBopathic Inter-Col- legiate Congress. Though taking no active part in political matters, he acts with the Republican party, and is firm in his convictions and decided in his expressions of opinion. He was married October 25, 1854, to Albina G. Smith, of Cleveland, by whom he has five children- John K., Albina C, Ezra C, Gertrude G. and Frank B. Sanders. WILLIAM JOHNSON SCOTT. William Johnson Scott, physician and surgeon, was born in Culpepper county, Virginia, on the 35th day of January, 1832. His father came to Ohio in 1830, settling in Knox county, where he resided until his death. Young Scott worked on his father's farm until twenty-one years of age, with occasional inter- vals of attendance at a common school. He then, entirely on his own responsibility, entered the pre- paratory department of Kenyon College, and went regularly through the college course; being graduated in 1848. After his graduation he was appointed tutor, which position he held for two years. He directed his special attention, as he had previously done, to those branches of science which would aJd him in preparing for the medical profession. The studies in question were directed by Homer L. Thrall, M.D., who was professor of chemistry in the college at the time. In the winter of 1849-50 Mr. Scott attended a course of lectures at Cleveland Medical College. He returned to Gambier in the spring, taking charge of the laboratory of the college, and practicing medi- cine with Dr. Thrall until the fall of 1853. Having then been elected professor of chemistry in Jefferson College, at Washington, Mississippi, he removed to that place, holding the position in question two years. He then returned to Ohio, and attended a course of lectures at Starling Medical College, Columbus; being graduated from that institution in 1853, with the degree of M.D. He had previously received the de- gree of A.M. from Kenyon College. Dr. Scott then opened an office in Shadeville, Franklin county, Ohio, where he practiced until 1864, when he accepted the professorship of materia medica and therapeutics in Charity Hospital Medical College, at Cleveland, Ohio. He held this position two years, when he was transferred to the chair of principles and practice of medicine, in which he still remains. He has been consulting physician in Charity Hos- pital and clinical lecturer on medicine ever since he came to Cleveland. His college and hospital duties, however, only occupy a portion of his time, the remain- der being devoted to his private practice. After a time Charity Hospital Medical College be- came the medical department of the University of AVooster, but Dr. Scott holds the same relations to this institution as to the former one. He is a mera- b|r of the Ohio State Medical Society, of the Ameri- can Medical Association, of the American Pharma- ceutical Society, the Franklin county Medical Society, and the Cuyahoga County Medical Society. He has also been the president of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, of the Cuyahoga County Medical Society, and of the Ohio State Medical Society. o, ,-/ C!_-(l ^Jl- ill J BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 383 Dr. Scott was married to Miss Mary P. Stone, of St. Johnsbnry, Vermont, in the year 1854. He is a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, in Cleveland, and maintains a high standing as a faithful Christian, a skillful physician, and an upright citizen. ELIAS SIMS. Captain Elias Sims, son of John and Eliza Sims, was born in Onondaga county, New York, on the 4th day of August, 1818. The membeis, on both sides, of the family to which he belongs are remarkable for their longevity. His father, a successful and enter- prising farmer, was a native of Pennsylvania; his mother was born in New York. His boyhood was spent on his father's farm, and his educational advan- tages were very limited, Being the sixth of a family of twelve children, he early realized that it would be necessary for him to make his own way in the world. Possessing considerable ambition and enterprise, he left the pateraal home at the age of fifteen, deter- mined to carve out his own fortune^ He first secured employment as a driver on the Erie canal, and continued in that occupation three years. He then commenced contracting on the canal, making drains, etc, and at the end of the first year, found that he had realized a snug sum of money. He then took another contract and lost everything he had accumulated. Undiscouraged by this reverse of fortune, he at once resumed work as an employee) and at the end of another year again commenced job- bing and contracting, a business which he has con- tinued with varying success until the present time. In 1855 Captain Sims came to Cleveland to dredge the bed of the Cuyahoga river, but in 1860 he removed with his family to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he remained three years, returning to Cleveland in 1863. He then settled on Washington street, on the West Side, where he still resides. fn connection with John H. Sargeant, D. P. Ehodes and John Spalding, Captain Sims, in 1868, built the Kocky River railroad, of which he is now president, this (1879) being the fifth year he has occupied that position. He has also been, since 1875, president of tlie West Side street railway company, and in con- nection with Mr. Rhodes organized the West Side Gas Company, in which he is a director. He assisted in organizing the People's Savings and Loan Associa- tion, in which he is also a director; besides hold- ing the same office in the Citizen's Loan Association on the|East Side. Since his residence in Cleveland he has, to some extent, engaged in lake traffic; is a large real estate owner and is also interested in the Cuya- hoga Stone company of Berea. Captain Sims has never sought public .office, but is an earnest supporter of the Republican party and is liberal and progressive in his views. He has been the architect of his own fortunes, hav- ing been compelled to depend npon his own energies and to push his way unaided. His success is due to his untiring industry and his sound judgment. He is no niggard with the wealth he has acquired, but is a constant and liberal contributor to many public and charitable enterprises. Although not a member of any church organization he is an attendant — and for three years has been a vestryman — of St. John's Epis- copal Church. By his uprightness of character, gen- erosity, and general good qualities he has won the es- teem of a large circle of friends and acquaintances. In 1838 Mr. Sims married Cornelia Vosburgh, daughter of James Vosburgh, of Onondaga county, New York, by whom he had four children. Only three of these are living (one having died in infancy). They are Eliza, wife of William W. Sloan, of Buffalo, New York; Sarah J., wife of Charles Everett, of Cleveland; and Olivia, wife of W. J. Starkweather. Mrs. Sims died on the 27th day of November, 1876. ABRAHAM D. SLAGHT. Abraham D. Slaght was born in Morristown, New Jersey, on the 5th day of May, 1786, and died at Brooklyn, Ohio, on the 31st day of September, 1873, having reached the advanced age of eighty-seven years. The name of Mr. Slaght is well known among the older residents of Cleveland, he having removed to Ohio in the spring of 1817, coming from New Jersey with his family in company with several other emigrant households. The journey was made in heavily laden wagons, drawn by ox-teams, and was necessarily slow and wearisome. At Buffalo the wo- men and children were left, and came from that place by the way of the lake, while the men pushed for- ward through the forest with the wagons. Mr. Slaght first settled on what is now known as Euclid Ridge, and, until a house could be erected, his covered wagon was the only shelter to be obtained for his wife and three children. As soon as their rude dwelling was finished, he commenced working at his trade, which was that of a shoemaker, and also engaged in farming to some extent. In 1833 he purchased a tract of land on what is now St. Clair street, near Madison avenue, and re- moved thither the same year. He then gave up his trade, and devoted his energies to cutting down and clearing off the timber with which his land was covered, and to the cultivation of the soil. He re- mained on this place until 1860, when, his property having greatly increased in value, he retired, and for the remainder of his life resided with his daughter, Mrs. Erancis Branch, to whom this notice and the accompanying portrait are due. In manner and dress Mr. Slaght was plain and un- ostentatious, and never, in any way, sought public notice. In politics he was first a Whig and afterward a Eepublican, and though never taking a prominent part in political movements, he did not neglect the duties of a good citizen, and served with ability in various local offices of trust. He was, in fact, a good citizen, a good neighbor, and a kind and indulgent 384 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. father. He was married on tlie 21st of February, 1811, to Taphenis Dickerson, by whom he had ten children— six daughters and four sons, viz: Edgar, born Enbruary 29, 1812; Louisa, born October 16, 1813; Adeline, born July 20, 1815; Joseph, born January 22, 1818; Sarah, born November 34, 1819; Cornelius, born October 4, 1821; Mortimer, born October 22, 1824; Elizabeth, born October 18, 1826; Martha, born April 2, 1831, and Julia D., born Octo- ber 20, 1834. Mrs. Slaght died October 4, 1851. AMASA STONE. Amasa Stone, a prominent railroad manager and builder, was born in Charlton, Worcester county, Massachusetts, April 27, 1818. The founders of the family in America, mentioned in the succeeding sketch, were members of a Puritan colony which landed at Boston in 1635. Mr. Amasa Stone's father was a farmer, and the for- mer remained at home, laboi'ingon the farm and attend- ing the district school, until he was seventeen years old, when he engaged to work three years to learn the trade of a builder. The first labor he did on his own account was to fill a contract for the joiner work of a large house in Worcester, at the age of nineteen. At twenty he associated himself with his two elder brothers, in a contract to build a church -edifice at East Brookfield. The next year he acted as foreman in the erection of two church edifices and several buildings, in Massachusetts. In 1839 and '40 he was engaged with Mr. Howe in building the bridge across the Connecticut river at Springfield, Massachusetts, for the Western railroad company. Mr. Howe had just secured hi_s patent for what is known as the "Howe Truss Bridge." From the time of building this bridge, and for several years, Mr. Stone was constantly employed in building rail- way bridges and depot buildings. In 1843, he and Mr. A. Boody purchased from Mr. Howe his bridge patent for the New England States, and a company, under the name of Boody, Stone & Co., was formed for the construction of railways and railway bridges, the mechanical branch of the work to be under the care of Mr. Stone. In 1845 he was appointed super- intendent of the New Haven, Hartford and Spring- field railroad, still continuing his relations with the firm, but the business of the latter became so heavy that he was obliged to resign the position of superin- tendent. Messrs. Boody & Stone had agreed to pay forty thousand dollars for the patent of the Howe truss bridge. A few years afterward defects were found in bridges erected on this plan; other plans competed for the superiority, and it was feared that the purchase was a very poor investment. Mr. Stone's inventive genius was such that he was able to improve the patent in several important particulars, so that it was not found necessary to change it afterward. In 1846 the bridge over the Connecticut river at Enfield Falls, one fourth of a mile long, was carried away by a hurricane. Mr. Stone was applied to by the president of the New Haven, Hartford and Spring- field railroad for advice in regard to its reconstruc- tion. This meeting and the subsequent action of the directors resulted in making Mr. Stone sole manager of the work of erecting another bridge. It was com- pleted, and a train of cars passed over it, within forty days from tlie day the order was given for its erection. He regarded this as one of the most important events of his life, and he was rewarded by complimentary resolutions and a check for one thousand dollars, given by the company. The next winter the firm of Boody, Stone & Co. was dissolved, Mr. Stone taking, of the States covered by the patent, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Con- necticut. He then formed a partnership with Mr. D. L. Harris, which continued until 1849. In 1848 he formed another partnership, with Mr. Stillman Witt and Mr. Frederick Harbach, and this firm contracted with the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati rail- road company to construct the road from Cleveland to Columbus. This was thought by many to be a doubtful undertaking, as a part of the payment for the work was to be taken in the capital stock of the company. It was finished, however, and the stock proved to be a very profitable investment. In 1850 Mr. Stone was appointed its superin- tendent, and in the same year he removed to Cleve- land. Another most important enterprise with which he was connected was the construction of the railroad from Cleveland to Erie. This was completed in the face of numberless difficulties, and Mr. Stone was appointed its superintendent. In 1853, while still acting as superintendent of both the roads named, Mr. Stone was elected a director in each of the com- panies, and he attended to the duties of these various positions with great ability until 1854, when he re- signed the superintendency on account of ill health. He was also, for several years, president of the Cleve- land, Painesville and Ashtabula railroad. In 1855 Messrs. Stone and Witt contracted to build the Chi- cago and Milwaukee railroad, and the former was for many years a director in that company. He was also a director in several banks — the Mer- chants' of Cleveland, the Bank of Commerce, the Second National Bank, the Commercial National Bank, and the Cleveland Banking Company. For sev- eral years he was the president of the Toledo branch of the State Bank of Ohio, at Toledo, a director of the Jamestown and Franklin Railroad Company, and the president of the Mercer Iron and Coal Com- pany. He also aided in establishing several manu- factories, carried on extensive ear works, and gave financial aid to several iron-manufacturing interests. In 1861 he erected a large woolen-mill in Cleveland. He also gave special attention to the construction of roofs of buildings, covering many acres of ground; the last designed by him being that of the Union passenger depot at Cleveland. He was also said to BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 385 be the first to design and erect pivot drawbridges of long span, and in the construction of railroad cars and locomotives he introduced numerous improve- ments. Mr. Stone took a prominent part in the recruiting and supply of troops during the war for the Union, and was offered by President Lincoln a commission as brigadier-general for the purpose of building a military raih'oad through Kentucky to Knoxville, Tennessee, a project which was afterwards relin- quished by the government. He went abroad in 1868 for the benefit of his health, and spent two years in travel and observation. On his return, in 1873, he resumed charge of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad as managing director, which posi- tion he resigned in 1875; afterward devoting his time to the care of his own estate. He gave, at this and other periods, a great deal of attention to works of public charity, and in 1877 he built and endowed a home for aged and indigent women at Cleveland. Mr. Stone was married on the 13th day of January, 1842, to Miss Julia Ann Gleason of Warren, Massa- chusetts. His children have been three in number: a son, Adelbert B. Stone, a young gentleman of remarkable promise, who was drowned in the Con- necticut river while a student at Yale College; and two daughters, the elder of whom was married in 1874 to John Hay, Esq. ANDROS B. STONE. This gentleman was born in Charlton, Worcester county, Massachusetts, on the 18th day of June, 1834. He is a descendant, in the seventh generation (in this country), from an English family. In the year 1635 two brothers named Simon and Gregory Stone sailed from Ipswich, England, for Boston, in the ship "Increase." They settled in Cambridge, Mass- achusetts — were yeomen and land owners; Mr. Simon Stone being one of the owners of the old Cambridge burying ground, where his remains have lain for nearly two hundred and fifty years. Mr. Stone's ancestors were nearly all noted Puritans — prominent in the church and in public affairs. His great grand- father, Jonathan Stone, removed to Worcester county, where his son Jonathan and his grandson Amasa, the father of the subject of this sketch, permanently settled. Mr. Andros B. Stone was the youngest of ten children, and remained upon the home farm until he was fifteen years of age, i-eceiving such education as the common schools and academies in that part of the country afforded. On leaving home at the early age just named, Mr. Stone was actuated by one strong de- sire, that of mastering a trade. He chose that of a carpenter, placing himself under the tutelage of an elder brother. Mr. William Howe, a brother-in-law, having about this time taken out a valuable patent for a bridge called the "Howe Truss," an advantageous opening was tliereby presented to the large family of brothers, and A. B. Stone was made a superintendent of the construction of bridges when he was but eighteen years old. As soon as he attained his ma- jority he began building bridges in the State of Maine, in company with an eider brother, and after- ward became associated with Mr. Azariah Boody in the construction of bridges in Vermont. In 1853 Mr. Stone removed to Chicago, and he and a brother-in-law established themselves as builders of "Howe" bridges in Illinois, Wisconsin, Missouri and Iowa. The rapid increase of railroads in the western country at this time gave the young men an oppor- tunity for enterprise which they amply utilized, as the bridges on the Illinois Central, the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific, the Chicago and Northwestern railroads and others fully testify. In addition to this lai'ge business, Mr. Stone was also engaged in manu- facturing cars of all kinds, which for five years was a successful business. After six years of busy life in Chicago, Mr. Stone turned his attention to the great iron industry, and in 1858 identified himself with a small establishment at ISTewburg, near Cleveland, owned by Chisholm & Jones. At this time the firm had one small mill for re-rolling old rails, and employed about forty men. The business grew from year to year, and in 1863 the ownership was vested in a stock company, under the name of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, with Mr. Stone as president, which position he retained for fifteen years. The business has steadily increased until the establishment has became the largest one on the American continent devoted to the iron and steel industry; giving employment to nearly five thousand men, who, with their families, constitute one-sixth of the population of Cleveland. The yearly value of the products of the mill amounts to nearly eight million dollars. During the unparalleled- depression in the iron in- dustry extending over the five years previous to the present one, Mr. Stone proved himself a financier of no common ability by taking this company through the crisis without difficulty, and witliout loss to either stockholders or employees. In 1878 Mr. Stone re- signed his position as president of the company for that of vice president, which he still occupies. Among other prominent positions which Mr. Stone holds, are those of president of the Union Rolling Mill Company of Chicago — an important corporation, devoted to the manufacture of steel rails; president of the Kansas Rolling Mill Company, which manu- factures iron rails and fastenings; president of the St. Louis, Keokuk and Northwestern railway com- pany, and president of the Poughkeepsie Bridge Com- pany, chartered by the State of New York for the purpose of bridging the Hudson river at Pough- keepsie. He is also engaged in many smaller enter- prises, as would naturally be expected in the case of a man of his business capacity and versatility. Mr. Stone was married early in life to a daughter 49 386 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. of Eev. Mr. Boomer, by whom he has two daughters. He is, at present, living in New York City. It has been truly said that throughout his career Mr. Stone has ahown two marked characteristics which usu- ally lead to success; a clear and thorough understand- ing of whatever he has undertaken, and unvarying respect for the rights and opinion? of others. Thus we see what ability and energy can do m a country so rich in opportunity as ours. A boy of fifteen starts out from an obscure home, without other capital than his own powerful brain and strong will — at fifty-five he stands among the very foremost chiefs of American manufacturing industry, with the proud satisfaction of feeling that it is his own hands which have placed him in that position. Worthy s. streator. The Hon. Worthy S. Streator was born in Hamil- ton, Madison county, New York, October 16, 1816. He received an education at an academy and after- wards entered a medical college, where he graduated after a four years course. He removed to Aurora, Ohio, and commenced the practice of medicine in 1839. After five years of general practice he removed to Louisville, Kentucky, spending a year in the Col- lege and Hospital in that city, under the tutelage of the celebrated Dr. Groes, now of Philadelphia. He then resumed the practice of his profession at Eavenna, Portage county, Ohio. In 1850 Dr. Streator removed to Cleveland, when, after devoting two more years to his profession, he turned his attention to railroad building. His first undertaking in this direction was the construction of the Greenville and Medina road, in partnership with Henry Doolittle: and on the completion of this line they contracted to build that part of the Atlantic and Great Western railroad which runs through the State of Ohio— its length being two hundred and forty-four miles. In 1860 they contracted for the construction of the Pennsylvania division, ninety-one miles in length, and still later for that of the New York por- tion. Mr. Doolittle dying. Dr. Streator disposed of the contracts to James McHenry, Esq., of London England, and acted for him in the capacity of super- intendent of construction. In 1862 Dr. Streator projected the Oil City railroad from Corry to Petroleum Center, Pennsylvania, the central point of the oil regions. The line, thirty- seven miles long, was built with extraordinary rapid- ity, and its success was almost . without a parallel in the history of railroading. Its ears were crowded with passengers as soon as it reached the vicinity of Titusville, and the resources of the road were entirely inadequate to accommodate the people rushing into the oil regions, or to transport the immense amount of oil seeking the markets of this country and Europe. Although Dr. Streator worked with untiring energy to accommodate the public, and to keep pace with the development of the country and of the oil interests consequent on the construction of the road, it for a long time outstripped all his efforts. While the prof- its of the line were enormous, the creation of wealth by the enterprise was beyond all computation. Dr. Streator controlled and operated the road until 1866, when he disposed of it to Dean Richmond, of the New York Central railroad. He constructed for that company the Cross Cut railroad, running from Corry to Brocton, a distance of forty-two miles, to connect the new purchase with the main line. After this the doctor organized a company for the purchase of a large body of coal land on the Vermil- lion river, in La Salle and Livingston counties, Illi- nois. The tract comprised over five thousand acres, on which was a splint vein about six feet deep, the coal resembling that at Massillon, Ohio. To connect these beds with the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy rail- road he built fifteen miles of railroad, and afterwards built seventy-one miles more in order to connect them with the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific and the Chicago and Northwestern roads. He disposed of the former to the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy com- pany, and in 1869 sold one half of his coal lands to parties acting in the interest of that corporation. The product of these mines has now reached the vast amount of six hundred thousand tons per annum. In 1869 Dr. Streator was elected hj the Republicans of Cuyahoga county to represent their district in the Ohio State senate, and served with ability and fidelity until the close of his term in 1871. During this time he formed a friendship with Gov- ernor (now President) Hayes, and has lately received from him the offer of the position of collector of in- ternal revenue for the district of Northern Ohio. While a member of the senate he was chosen presi- dent of the Lake Shore and Tuscarawas railroad com- pany, which had been organized to build a railroad connecting Lake Erie at the mouth of Black river with Wheeling on the Ohio, and he has remained connected with this road down to the present time. In 1875 Dr. Streator became a member of the firm of J. P. Robison & Co., proprietors of the National Packing House, of Cleveland, one of the largest in Ohio and one of the most complete in the world. Nearly all the meats packed by this house are shipped by them direct to the English market, being cured with especial reference to the wants of that country. Dr. Streator has two large farms near Cleveland, and has stocked them with short-horn thoroughbred cattle, Kentucky horses and Cotswold sheep, not ex- celled by any in America. So thorough have been his efforts in this direction (although he originally began farming merely as a recreation), and so fully have his exertions to benefit the agricultural interests of the country been appreciated by those interested in hus- bandry, that he has been elected at various times president of the Northern Ohio Fair Association, one of the most complete organizations of its kind in the world. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 387 Two marked characteristics of the doctor's life have been promptness and thoroughness, and his reputa- tion for honesty in either his public or his business life has never been questioned. Although so actively engaged in large and varied' enterprises, he has never neglected his duties as a citizen or a man. He has for many years been a member of the Church of the Disciples, and the prosperity of the denomination in Cleveland is largely due to his liberality and efforts. Every worthy enterprise, public or charitable, has found in him a patron and supporter. Dr. Streator was married in 1839 to Miss Sarah W. Stirling, of Lyman, New York, and they have a fam- ily of four children — one daughter (wife of Mr. E. B. Thomas, general manager of the Cleveland, Colum- bus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad) and three sons. PETER THATCHER. Peter Thatcher, familiarly known as "Uncle Peter," was born at Attleborough, Massachusetts, on the20tli of July, 1813. He is a direct descendant in the sixth generation from the Reverend Thomas Thatcher, founder of the old South Church of Boston, who came to New England in 1635, at the age of fifteen years, with his uncle, Anthony Thatcher. He was the son of the Rev. Peter Thatcher, rector of the old Salisbury Church in England, and a most estimable and pious man, as well as learned, being thoroughly versed in theology, the arts, sciences and languages, and also a physician of considerable note. He was spoken of, in New England, as the best scholar of his time, and many of his descendants have also rendered this name illustrious in church and State. Peter Thatcher, the subject of this sketch, was edu- cated in the Wrentham and Amherst academies, which he attended from 1826 to 1828. In 1830 he went to Taunton, Massachusetts, and determined to earn his own livelihood. He found employment with a house carpente]', to whom he en- gaged himself to work one year for forty dollars and board. After two years service in this employ, he, in November, 1834, commenced work as a mechanic on the Boston and Providence railroad — one of the oldest roads in this country— and soon won the con- fidence of his employers by his faithfulness and capa- bility. He was advanced to the position of superin- tendent of construction, and after a few years took several contracts on his own account, which he carried out to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. After finishing his work on the Boston and Providence rail- road, he was engaged until 1843 on various railroads in New England, Long Island, Maryland and New York. In 1843, 1844 and 1845, he was engaged in the con- struction of forts Warren and Independence, in Bos- ton harbor, under the superintendence of Colonel Sylvanus Thayer. The value of his services, andthe esteem in which he was held by his emploj'ers, may be inferred from the following extracts from letters of recommendation. The first is from Mr. William Otis, contractor on the Boston and Providence rail- road, to Mr. Latrobe, of Baltimore, chief engineer of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad. He says: "The bearer, Mr. Peter Thatcher, wishes to become a bidder for some of your work. I can say for him, that he has been in my employment, as su- perindent, for the last four years, and he has always acquitted himself with entire satisfaction to the engineer over him and to myself. I feel pride in say- ing that he is a young man in whom the utmost con- fidence can be placed." Mr. Wright, superintendent of engineers at Fort Warren, wrote of him in the following terms: "He possesses a thorough acquaintance with his business, and combines great intelligence with an uncommon degree of faithfulness in the discharge of duty. I feel assured that whoever is so fortunate as to com- mand his services will esteem him a great acquisition." Others equally commendatory might be quoted, but these will suflBce to show the character he had estab- lished. He subsequently became extensively engaged as a railroad contractor, building many of the promi- nent railroads in the Eastern States, and all along the coast from Maine to Georgia. In 1850 he obtained control of the Howe patent truss bridge, and established the firm of Thatcher, Burt & Co., bridge builders, with offices at Spring- field, Massachusetts, and Cleveland, Ohio. At this time Mr. Thatcher removed to Cleveland, and for many years was one of the principal bridge builders in the West. He erected nearly all the original rail- road bridges in Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and Ken- tucky, on the Cleveland, Columbus and Pittsburg; Cleveland and Toledo; Panhandle; Pittsburg, Ft. Wayne and Chicago; Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin- nati and Indianapolis; Cincinnati and Marietta; Cin- cinnati and St. Louis; Baltimore and Ohio, and other railroads. In 1862 he rebuilt the bridge over the Cumberland river at Nashville, which was burned during the war. After having, for thirteen years, carried on the bridge building business and added to it a trade in lumber, the firm built the Union Elevator, in Cleve- land, and a new firm of Thatcher, Gardner, Burt & Co., was formed. This firm was dissolved in 1865, by the withdrawal of Mr. Thatcher. About this time a company was formed for the purchase of a patent obtained for the manufacture of a durable paint and fire-proof mastic from iron ore. Mr. Thatcher was chosen president of the company, which at once en- tered on a vigorous prosecution of its business and has succeeded beyond the anticipation of its directors. The paint is made of Lake Superior iron ore, 'ground fine, and mixed with linseed oil, with which it forms a perfect union. It is then used in a thin state, as a paint for surfaces, whether of wood, stone or metal, 388 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. exposed to the weather, and in a thicker state for a fire-proof mastic. The ore is crushed by machinery of great strength, and about three tons of paint are produced daily, besides the mastic, and find i-eady market. In connection with the above Mr. Thatcher has also purchased a patent for the manufacture of "metallic shingle," or iron roofing, which, after a test of a number of years, has been acknowledged to be unequaled for strength, durability, economy and beauty, and is water, fire, snow and dust proof. On the 11th of September, 1854, Mr. Thatcher first became connected with the Masonic order by being initiated an entered apprentice in Iris Lodge, No. 239, of Cleveland. He rapidly advanced in the society, has filled many high and responsible posi- tions, and, since 1862, has been grand treasurer of the Grand Conimandery of Knights Templar of Ohio. He has also passed through the Scottish rites to the thirty-second degree. In politics he is aKepublican, and, although he has never sought political preferment, has been appointed to several offices of public trust. For six years he has been a commissioner of the water works. He was elected a member of the board of public works of the State, in which position he remained three years, and has also been president of the Cleveland Library Association for two years. In every instance his services have given universal satisfaction. He is not a member of any church organization, but is a con- stant and generous contributor to churches, schools, public institutions and charitable causes. He is a genial, whole-souled gentleman, and enjoys the affection and respect of a large circle of friends. As a citizen and a man of business he commands the confidence of all. He was married on the 6th of May, 1849, to Sarah Adams, daughter of Eudor and Lydia Adams Estabrook, of "West Cambridge (now Arlington), Massachusetts. To them have been born three children — two sons, and one daughter who died in infancy. The eldest, Peter, Jr., who represents the seventh generation of this name, was born on the 31st of August, 1850; John Adams, the second son, was born on the 26th of February, 1852; Annie Adams, the only daughter, was born on the 18th of March, 1855, and died February the 7th, 1857. AMOS TOWNSEND. Amos Townsend was born near Pittsburg, Pennsyl- vania, in 1831. His father, Aaron Townsend, was a well-to-do farmer, belonging to the Townsend family of Philadelphia. His mother was a daughter of Captain Jacob Cox, who served under Washington in the Eevolutionary war. He received a good edu- cation, and when fifteen years of age entered a store near Pittsburg, in which he remained until he was nineteen. He subsequently removed to Mansfield, Ohio, and formed a partnership with N. B. Hogg, under the firm name of A. Townsend & Co., for the transaction of a general mercantile business. This firm was dissolved at the end of five yeai-s, and the business closed. During his residence m Mansfield the Kansas troubles broke out, and a committee was appointed by the National House of Representatives to proceed to the scene of the disturbance, make investigation, and report the exact condition of afEairs. Mr. John Sherman procured for Mr. Townsend the appoint- ment of marshal of the committee, and he attended it in that capacity. This position proved a dangerous as well as respon- sible one, but was filled in such a manner as to gain the respect and good will of both parties. In 1858 Mr. Townsend removed to Cleveland, and accepted a position in the wholesale grocery establish- ment of Gordon, McMillan & Co., in which he re- mained until 1861. He then became the junior part, ner in the firm of Edwards, Iddings & Co., engaged in a similar business. On the death of Mr. Iddings, in 1862, the firm became Edwards, Townsend & Co., which it still remains. The house has been very suc- cessful, establishing an extensive business and a high reputation for stability and enterprise. Mr. Townsend has always taken an active interest in public and political matters, and, although not an ofiice seeker, has been chosen to many positions of public trust. In the spring of 1864 he was elected a member of the city council, on the Eepublican ticket, and was re-elected to the same position five successive terms, serving continuously for ten years.- During seven years of that time he was president of the coun- cil, and during the last three years was chosen by a unanimous vote. •*' In the spring of 1874 he took leave of that body in an address which presented a clear exhibit of the progress the city had made, during the period of his connection with municipal affairs. In 1873 he was elected a member of the State constitu- tional convention, serving in that body on the impor- tant committees of finance, taxation and municipal afEairs. He was one of the most conscientious and pains-taking members, and rendered valuable service. In October, 1876, Mr. Townsend was elected to the forty-fifth Congress, entering upon his duties in 1877. He took an active part in the business and debates of the session, serving as a member of the committee on post-offices and post-roads. The introduction and successful passage of the letter-carrier bill was mainly due to his efforts. He made an able speech, which attracted marked attention, on the important tariff bill introduced by Fernando "Wood. He was re-elected to Congress in the fall of 1878, was appointed a mem- ber of the committee on commerce, and will undoubt- edly serve in the forthcoming session with his usual vigor and ability. As a business man he is active and persevering, possessing a clear head and a sound judgment, which enable him to form a correct estimate ofj the men he meets, and of their aims and purposes. He belongs to that class of citizens whose services in political BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 389 affairs are so much needed, and, as experience teaches, are so difficult to obtain. During the war for the Union, he proved himself thoroughly patriotic, con- tributing in different ways to the support of the Union cause, and serving for a time with the First Light Artillery. In addition to his other business interests, he owns stock in several important corporations; he has been, and is, a director of the Mercantile Insurance com- pany, and in March, 1875, was chosen a director of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianap- olis railroad company. lu all the varied positions he has occupied, both in public and private life, he has shown the same indomitable energy, clear judgment, thorough information and strict integrity, and lie is regarded by all as an eminently successful business man and politician. OSCAE TOWNSEND. The subject of this sketch is of English ancestry, being descended from the Puritans who, as Macaulay says, "prostrated themselves in dust before their Maker, but set their feet upon the neck of their king." The following genealogy shows his lineage in this country. Samuel Townsend was born in England in 1637, and came to this country about the time (1649) when the head of Charles First was brought to tlie block. He settled' at Lynn, Massachusetts, and died there in 1704. His son, Jonathan Townseud, was born in 1668, and died at Lynn in 1717. The son of the latter, also named Jonathan, was born in 1697, and entered Harvard College in 1712. After being gradu- ated, he was ordained in 1719 as pastor of the Con- gregational church, at Needham, Massachusetts, and died there in 1763, after a pastorate of forty-three years; a length of service, especially if compared with the average modern pastorate, creditable alike to the congregation and their evidently trusted minister. His son, Samuel Townsend, great-grandfather of Oscar, was born in 1739, and died at Tyringham, Berkshire county, Massachusetts, in 1833. The son of the latter, William Townsend, a youthful soldier at the close of the Eevolutionary war, was born in 1765, and died in Huron county, Ohio, in 1848. His son, Hiram Townsend, father of Oscar, was born August 31, 1798, and removed to Greenwich, Huron county, Ohio, in the spring of 1816, and there married Miss Eliza Fancher, on the 23d of April, 1833. It was no pathway of roses which opened at that time before the newly-wedded couple. They saw clearly what was before them, and entered knowingly upon a life of labor and self-denial in a region which at that time, apart from a few small hamlets and some scattering cabins, was a dense wilderness, roamed over by wild beasts, hardly more savage than the Chippewa and Delaware Indians who occasionally visited the locality. Yet they endured with patience and forti- tude ah the perils and privations incident to pioneer life in the West, sustained by their mutual affection, till at last, after a long life of usefulness and self-sac- rifice, Hiram Townsend passed to his rest on the 9th day of December, 1870, at the age of seventy-two, universally honored and esteemed. His widow still survives, residing in Cleveland, on the West Side. Their son, Oscar Townsend, was born at their resi- dence in Greenwich, March 33, 1835. He was, from the very first, inured to the practical labors of farm life, labors which no doubt aided largely both in de- veloping his present muscular and well knit frame, and in giving that practical readiness and that power of adapting means to ends, which have so thoroughly characterized him throughout his life. His educa- tional advantages were limited to such training as the country schools of that time afforded, except during a few months in 1853, when he attended the old Pros- pect-street grammar school, then under the charge of Mr. L. M. Oviatt, afterwards superintendent of the Cleveland public schools and librarian of the public library, of whose attentive guidance Mr. Townsend has ever since cherished the most grateful recollec- tions. The location of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cin- cinnati railroad across his father's farm, in 1848, had aroused the ambition of young Townsend, then only thirteen years old, to find a wider and more congenial sphere of action than his rural occupation had af- forded. Beginning in a subordinate position on the railway just mentioned, his earnest and constant en- deavor was to subserve the interest of his employes by unwearying faithfulness to every assigned duty. This trait was soon observed by those who could not only appreciate but reward it; and in the spring of 1856 young Townsend, at the age of twenty-one, through the kindness of E. S. Flint and Addison Hills, was transferred from Shelby station to the freight office at Cleveland. In April, 1863, Mr. Townsend was invited to a position in the Second National Bank of Cleveland, where he remained till 1865, when he was tendered the post of supei-intendent of the Empire Transporta- tion Co., and assumed the charge of the western department of that line. The energy and ability which had characterized Mr. Townsend in every posi- tion which he had hitherto occupied were, by this time, so fully recognized that in August, 1868, he was tendered and accepted the offices of director and vice president of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincin- nati and Indianapolis railroad. When, a few months afterwards, Mr. L. M. Hubby, the president of the company, met with an accident which disabled him from performing the duties of his position, Mr. Town- send became the acting executive officer, and in Sep- tember, 1870, at the age of thirty-five, was elected president of the corporation. In this position his executive and financial abilities had a wider scope for their display than ever before, and, whatever adventitious circumstances may be claimed to have contributed to the result, Mr. Town- 390 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. send can certainly point to that term of five years — from 1868 to 1873 — under his management, as em- bracing the most prosperous period in the history of tlie Glevehxnd, Cohimbus, Cincinnati and Indian- apolis railroad. In closing his connection with the road, in 1873, Mr. Townsend carried with him a writ- ten testimonial by his successors as to the correct- ness of all his official transactions in behalf of the company, covering millions of dollars, from first to last, a testimonial which he prized far beyond the pres- tige gained while at the head of the company. After a few years of comparative leisure, improved by him in other pursuits, Mr. Townsend was tendered the position of general manager of the Cleveland, Tuscarawas Valley and Wheeling railroad company, by its board of directors, composed of such capable and successful business men as Selah Chamberlain, Amasa Stone, Dr. W. S. Streator and others, who had been associated and intimately acquainted with him for many years. This post he accepted and now occupies. He is also a part owner and the president of the Lake Superior Transportation Co., wliich owns sev- eral vessels employed in the iron ore trade between ports on Lake Superior and Lake Erie. Mr. Townsend was united, December 22, 1856, to Miss Elizabeth iVIartin, daughter of the late Thomas Martin, formerly of Huron county, Ohio, by whom he has four sons, viz: Frank M., now twenty-one years of age; Jay Frederic, nineteen; Willard H., twelve; and Oscar, Jr., five. In general personal appearance, that is, in higlit, weight, niassiveness of frame, and in movement, Mr. Townsend is said to resemble the late Senator Stephen A. Douglas, although their faces, as the i)icture shows, arc dissimilar. Mr Townsend is of medium hight, with a large, well-shaped head, abundant brown hair, well streaked with gray, dark auburn whiskers, lai'ge, blue eyes, a florid complexion, indicating a sanguine temperament, a firm, full neck, very broad slioulders, with a chest that, like Douglas', is of extraordinary size in proportion to his hight. His movements are active, and his gait is usually very rapid. He is genial and kindly in manner, readily accessi- ble to all, but prompt and decided when promptness and decision are necessary. He loves and attracts children, and greets acquaintances with a smiling eye and a hearty grasp of the hand. He possesses and expresses sti'ong feelings and preferences, with sin- cerity, and is noted for the faithfulness with which he fulfills every promise, no matter how much it may prove to his own disadvantage. Although naturally modest and retiring in his disposition, yet he mingles freely in the social circle, and is ready to do his part in promoting the^eneral enjoyment of any assemblage met for mutual entertainment. Mr. Townsend is a member of the First Baptist church of Cleveland, as are also his wife and his eld- est son. He is strictly temperate in his habits, and abjures the use of alcoholic drinks and tobacco in every form, as certain to prove deleterious to health in the end. But, while thus holding his faith and moral principles, he is never intolerant of the views of others, and, as the result of his study and thought, is in full sympathy with the most enlightened science and philosophy of modern times. His hand and his heart are alike open to all proper demands, whether for the public advantage or for private unostentatious charity, tempered by a wise disci'imination, which knows almost instinctively when to withhold and when to give freely. JEPTHA H. WADE. Jeptha H. Wade, whose name has been prominently connected with the telegraphic history of the West, and associated with many other important enterpises, was born in Seneca county, New Yoi-k, on the 1 1th of August, 1811. He is a son of Jeptha Wade, a surveyor and civil engineer, and was brought up to mechanical pursuits, in which he achieved a fair amount of success. In youth he was unexcelled as a marksman, and, in the days of militia training, he was the commander of four hundred Seneca-county rifiemen. They generally closed the season with target practice, and in these annual trials of skill he invariably showed his right to command by not allowing himself to be beaten. Having a taste for art, and finding his health im- paired by the labors and close application consequent upon his mechanical employment, he, in 1835, turned his attention to portrait painting, and by study and conscientious devotion to the art ho became very suc- cessful. While engaged in this work, in Adrian, Michigan, the useof the camera in producing portraits came into notice. He purchased a camera, and, aided only by printed directions, succeeded in taking the first daguerreotype ever taken west of New York. In 1844, while busy with his pencil and easel, taking portraits, varying his occupation by experimenting with the camera, news came to him of the excitement created by the success of the experiment of working a telegraph line between Baltimore and Washington. He turned his attention to the new science, studied it with his accustomed patience and assiduity, mas- tered its details, so far as then understood, and immediately saw the advantage to the country, and the pecuniary benefit to those immediately interested, likely to accrue from the extension of the telegraph system which had just been created. He entered earnestly on the work of extending this system, and the first line west of Buffalo was built by him, between Detroit and Jackson, Michigan. The Jackson office was opened and operated by him, al- though he had received no practical instruction in the manipulation of the instruments. After a short in- terval he again entered the field of construction, and, working with untiring energy, soon covered all Ohio, and the country as far west as St. Louis, with a net work of wires known as the "Wade lines." BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 391 This was not accomplished, however, without experi- encing the difficulties, annoyances and misfortunes to which all great enterprises are subject in their infancy. Ignorant employees, imperfect insulation and ruinous competition were the greatest embarrassments. But to Mr. Wade these obstacles were not insuperable and in the face of all these difficulties he proceeded with the work of opening and operating telegraph lines. Imperfect insulation was met by the invention of the famous "Wade insulator," which is still in use. He was the first to enclose a submarine cable in iron armor (across the Mississippi river at St. Louis), for which invention the i^orld and its telegraph system owes him much; as it was this important discovery and improvement in their construction that made tel- egraph cables a success, and the crossing of oceans a possibility. The "House consolidation" placed his interests in the Erie and Michigan, and Wade lines in the hands of the Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Com- pany, and before long this consolidation was followed by the union of all the House and Morse lines in the West, and the organization of the Western Union Telegraph Company soon followed. In all these acts of consolidation the influence of Mr. Wade was active and powerful. Realizing the fact that competition between short, detached lines rendered them unpro- ductive, and that in telegraphy as in other things union is strength, he directed his energies to bringing about the consolidation, not only of the lines connect- ing with each other, but of rival interests. The sound- ness of his judgment has been proven by the remark- able prosperity of the lines since their consolidation, in marked contrast with their former condition. He was one of the originators of the first Pacific tele- graph, and on the formation of the company was made its first president. The location of the line, and its construction through the immense territory, then in great part a wilderness, between Chicago and San Francisco, were left mainly to his unaided judgment and energy, and here again those qualities converted a hazardous experiment into a brilliant success. He remained president of the Pacific company until he secured its consolidation with the Western Union Telegraph Company, to accomplish which he went to California in the latter part of 1800, and succeeded in harmonizing the jarring telegraphic interests there. On the completion of this arrangement, in 1 866, Mr. Wade was made president of the consolidated com- pany, having his headquarters in New York. It is scarcely possible to overestimate the value of his con- nection with the Western Union Telegraph Company at this period of its history, especially after he be- came its chief executive officer. He possessed, in a superior degree, the invaluable faculty of administration and the power of clear, accurate, discriminating systemization. He knew how to appreciate and estimate the value and force of obstacles, how to carry out by careful and prudent steps, and in well arranged detail, a fine conception, and organize it into a permanent force. His work was done by quiet, effective, well-planned and thorough methods. At a meeting of the board of directors in July, 1867, a letter was received from Mr. Wade de- clining, on account of failing health, a re-election to the office of president. His withdrawal from tele- graphic administration was received with general regret, and the following resolutions were passed after the election of the new board was announced : "Resolved, That, to the foresight, perseverance and tact of Mr. J. H. Wade, the former president of the company, we believe is largely due the fact of the existence of our great company to-day, with its tliou- sand arms grasping the extremities of the continent, instead of a series of weak, unreliable lines, unsuited to public wants, and, as property, precarious and insecure; "■Resolved, That we tender to Mr. Wade our con- gratulations on the fruition of his great work, signalized and cemented by this day's election of a board representing the now united leading tele- graphic interests of the nation." The telegraph had brought to Mr. Wade vast wealth, but it had also brought him into a state of health which imperiled its enjoyment. To dismiss care he sold out his entire telegraphic interests, and in travel and in the enjoyment of his home in Cleveland, which he provided with every appliance of art and taste and comfort, gave himself up to needed rest and recuperation. On his restoration of health, which fol- lowed a judicious respite from labor, he entered into many spheres of active life. The wealth he has ac- cumulated is mostly invested in such a manner as to largely aid in building up the prosperity of Cleveland. The large and pleasant tract of land in the seven- teenth ward, adjoining Euclid avenue, known as "Wade Park," was beautified at his own expense for the enjoyment of the public. At the organization of the Citizen's Savings and Loan Association, of Cleveland, in 1867, he was elected its president, and still retains that office. He is the originator and president of the Lake View Cem- etery Association. As a leading director in many of the largest factories, banks, railroads and public in- stitutions, his clear head and active judgment are highly valued. He is a director of the Second Na- tional Bank, of Cleveland; a director of the Cleveland Rolling Mills, Cleveland Iron Company and Union Steel Screw Company, and the president of the American Sheet and Boiler Plate Company, and of the Chicago and Atchison Bridge Company, of Kan- sas. He is also a director in three railroad compa- nies, and the president of the Kalamazoo, Allegan and Grand Rapids, and Cincinnati, Wabash and Michigan railroads. He is, besides, president of the Valley railroad, running from Cleveland toward the coal fields of Ohio. This will be a valuable acquisi- tion to the interests of Cleveland, and under the management of Mr. Wade will be promptly carried forward. 393 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. The Valley railroad was projected previous to the panic of 1873, which put a stop to it. As the times began to improve, vigorous efforts were made to carry it forward, which met with hut little success until the summer of 1878. The importance of this road was strongly advocated by the newspapers, meetings of the citizens were held and a general interest awakened. Under this impetus the road was put under contract, and considerable progress was made in the work, when it was checked by a controversy between the contractors and the company. Before this a contract had been made by the city of Cleveland with the Valley railroad for the transfer to the company of that portion of the bed of the Ohio canal sold to the city by the State, which would give the railroad the most favorable entrance into the city and access to shipping facilities on the lake. The terms of this contract had not been complied with, and its abrogation by the city was threatened. At this Juncture the management of the Valley rail- road succeeded in effecting a negotiation with capi- talists for the amount necessary to complets and equip the road, but the parties who agreed to lend the money demanded as a condition that Mr. Wade should become the president. Mr. Wade took the matter into consideration, and announced his willingness to assume the position if the canal-bed negotiation could be satisfactorily ad- justed without a lawsuit with the city, to which he was utterly averse. The city council met the diffi- culty by a resolution authorizing the mayor to make and sign a new contract, on terms satisfactoiy to Mr. Wade and the Valley railroad company. The company was reorganized, with Mr. Wade at its head, the difficulties with the contractors were satisfactorily adjusted, work was renewed and the road will be completed by the end of the present year (1879). In addition to his other manifold duties Mr. Wade has been appointed by tlie citizens of Cleveland as commissioner of the city sinking-fund, park com- missioner and director of the Workhouse and House of Refuge. For several years he was vice president of the liomoeopathic hospital, to aid which he has contributed freely. He is one of the trustees of the Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum, and is now building for that purpose, at his own expense, a mag- nificent fireproof building, sufficiently large to ac- commodate from one hundred to one hundred and fifty children. This building is located on 8t. Clair street, and will be completed in a few months. Mr. Wade has also conti-ibuted freely to many other charitable carises and objects. He is now in the zenith of his power, and is uuivei-sally beloved by the people of the beautiful city which he has made his home, and which he has done so much to enlarge and adorn, and by the many recipients of his nnostenta- tious charities. SAMUEL WILLIAMSON. The subject of this sketch was born in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, on the 16th of March, 1808. He is the eldest son of Samuel Williamson, who was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, and re- moved to Ci-awford county about the year 1800. Dur- ing his residence in that county he was married to Isabella McQueen, by whom he had a family of seven children. On the tenth of May, 1810, he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where, in connection with his brother, he carried on the business of tanning and currying, which he continued until his death, which occurred in September, 1834. He was a man of enterprise and public spirit, highly esteemed as a citizen, liberal in politics, and for many years justice of the peace and associate judge of the court of common pleas. Samuel Williamson was but two years of age when he came, with his parents, to Cleveland. When he attained a suitable age he was sent to the public schools, which he attended until 1836, and then en- tered Jefferson College, in Washington county, Penn- sylvania. He graduated from that institution in 1839, and, returning to Cleveland, entered the office of Judge Andrews, with whom he read law for two years. In 1833 he was admitted to the bar, and immediately commenced the practice of his profession in connec- tion with Leonard Case, with whom he was associated until 1834, when he was elected to the position of au- ditor of Cuyahoga county. He remained in that office for a period of eight years, at the expiration of which he returned to the practice of law. This he continued with slight interruptions until 1873, when he retired from its activities to the enjoyment of a well-earned leisure. During these years his time was not, however, wholly engrossed by his professional interests. He was elected to a number of respon- sible positions of public trust, and discharged the duties pertaining to them with unvarying fidelity and marked ability. In 1850 he was chosen to represent the county in the legislature; in 1859-'60 he was a member of the board of equalization, and in the fall of 1863 was elected to the State senate, in which he served two terms. He rendered valuable service as a member of the city council and of the board of educa- tion, being active in promoting public improvements and educational institutions. He was a director of the Cleveland and Columbus railroad, and for two years held the office of prosecuting attorney. He is now president of the Cleveland Society for Savings, one of the largest and best conducted associations of this kind in the West, having a deposit of over $8,000,000. Throughout his professional career he maintained a high rank at the bar of Cuyahoga county, and while he had a wide and varied experience in every branch of legal practice he was particularly successful as pros- ecutor's counsel, and was extensively employed in the settlement of estates. BIOGEAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 393 In all the phases of his career and life he has been thoroughly upright, and well deserves the high respect and esteem in which he is held by all who know him. HIRAM V. WILLSON. This gentleman, an eminent lawyer and jurist, and the first judge of the United States Court for the Northern District of Ohio, was born in April, 1808, in Madison county, New York. He was educated at Hamilton College, graduating from that institution in 1833. Immediately afterward he commenced the study of law in the ofi&ce of Hon. Jared Willson, of Canandaigua, New York. Subsequently his legal studies were continued in Washington, D. C, in the oflBce of Francis S. Key, and, for a time, he taught in a classical school in the Shenandoah valley. During his early studies he acquired the familiarity with legal text books and reports which in afterlife became of great service to him. Throughout his collegiate course, and during his law apprenticeship, he maintained a close intimacy with the Hon. Henry B. Payne, then a young man of about his own age. In 1833 he removed to Painesville, Ohio, but soon proceeded to Cleveland, where he formed a law part- nership with his friend, H. B. Payne. They com- menced business under the most disadvantageous cir- cumstances, being almost destitute of means in a land of strangers. They, however, met with encour- agement from some of the older members of the pro- fession, and in a short time established their reputa- tion as able and rising lawyers. After a few years years Mr. Payne withdrew from the firm, and it be- came successively Willson, Wade & Hitchcock and Willson, Wade & Wade. By these partnerships even the extensive business and high reputation of the old firm were much increased. In 1853 Mr. Willson was the Democratic candidate for Congress against William Case on the Whig, and Edward Wade on the Free Soil ticket. In this con- test Mr Wade was successful, but Mr. Willson re- ceived a heavy vote. In the winter of 1854 he was selected by the Cleveland bar to labor in behalf of a bill to divide the State of Ohio, for Federal judicial purposes, into two districts. After a sharp struggle the bill was suc- cessful — mainly through his efforts- — ^and the United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio was formed. In March, 1855, President Pierce appointed Mr. Willson judge of the court just au- thorized; an act which was received with general satisfaction by the members of the bar. Until the time of his appointment he had been a strong political partisan, but in becoming a judge he ceased to be a politician, and to the time of his death never allowed political or personal motives to affect his decisions. He proved himself an upright judge, whose decisions were based entirely on the facts of the case and its legal and constitutional bearings. The new court did not lack for business. 60 In addition to the ordinary civil and criminal cases, the location of the court on the lake border brought it a large number of admiralty suits. Many of his decisions in these cases were regarded as models of lucid statement and furnished valuable precedents. Among the most notewoi-thy of his decisions in admiralty was one regarding maritime liens, in which he held that the maritime lien of men for wages, and of dealers for supplies, is a proprietary interest in the vessel itself, and cannot be divested by the acts of the owner or by any casualty until the claim is paid, and that such lien inheres to the ship and all her parts, wherever found, and whoever may be her owner. In the case of L. Wick vs. the schooner " Samuel Strong," which came up in 1855, Judge Willson re- viewed the history and intent of the common-carrier act of Ohio, in an opinion of much interest. In other cases he supported his decisions by citing precedents of the English and American courts for several centuries. A very important case was what is known in the legal history of Cleveland as the " Bridge Case" in which the questions to be decided were the legislative authority of the city to bridge the river, and whether the bridge would be anuisauce, damaging the complainant's private property. Judge Willson's decision, granting a preliminary injunction until further evidence could be taken, was a thorough review of the law relating to water highways and their obstructions. In the case of Hoag vs. the pro- peller " Cataract" the law of collision was clearly set forth. In 1860, important decisions were made in respect to the extent of United States jurisdiction on the West- ern lakes and rivers. It was decided, and the decision was supported by voluminous precedents, that the admiralty and maritime jurisdiction possessed by the district courts of the Upited States, on the Western lakes and rivers, under the constitution and the act of 1789, was independent of the act of 184:5, and unaf- fected thereby; and also that the district courts of the United States having, under the Constitution and the acts of Congress, exclusive original cognizance of all civil causes of admiralty and maritime jurisdic- tion, the courts of common law are precluded from proceeding in rem to enforce such maritime claims. In a criminal case the question was whether the action of a grand jury was legal m returning a bill of indictment found by only fourteen members of the jury, the fifteenth member being absent and taking no part in the proceedings. After reviewing the matter at length and citing numerous precedents, Judge Willson pronounced the action legal. In 1858 the historical Oberlin-Wellington rescue case came before him, a case growing out of a viola- tion of the fugitive slave law by certain professors and leading men of Oberlin College and town, who had rescued a slave captured in Ohio and being taken back to Kentucky under the provisions of that law. Indictments were found against the leading res- 394 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. cuers, and their trial caused great excitement. They were conyicted, fined and imprisoned. The result caused a monster demonstration against the fugitive slave law, which was held in the public square, mid- way between the court-house and the jail. In this trying time Judge Willson remained calm and dispassionate, his charges merely pointing out the provisions of the law, and the necessity of obeying it, no matter how irksome such obedience, until it was repealed. During the excitement caused by the John Brown raid, and afterward on the breaking out of the rebel- lion, he defined the law in regard to conspiracy and treason, drawing with nice distinction the line be- tv/een a meeting for the expression of opinions hostile to the government, and a gathering for violently op- posing or overthrowing the government. At the January term in 1864 he delivered an ad- mirable charge, in which he discussed the questions arising from the then recent act of Congress, author- izing a draft under the direction of the President, without the intervention of the State authorities, and eonclusively established the constitutional validity of the act in question. The judicial administration of Judge Willson was noticeable for its connection with events of national importance, and our limited space will allow us to quote but few of the important cases which came be- fore his court. And here it should again be repeated that in all his conduct on the bench he was entirely free from personal or party predelictions. In 1866 his health began to fail and symptoms of consump- tion appeared. He yielded at last to the persuasions of his friends to seek the restoration of his health in a milder climate, and, upon the approach of the win- ter, visited New Orleans and the- West Indies. The weather proved unusually severe for those latitudes and he returned without benefit from the trip. He grad- ually sank under the attacks of the fell disease, and died on the evening of the 11th of November, 1866. A few hours before his death he suffered much, but he became easier and passed away without a struggle. Some months before he had been received as a mem- ber of the Presbyterian Church, of which he had long been a member and an active supporter. On the announcement of his death the members of the Cleveland bar immediately assembled, and all vied with each other in rendering testimony to the integ- rity, ability and moral worth of the deceased. The bar meeting unanimously adopted resolutions of re- spect, in which he was truthfully described as "a. learned, upright and fearless judge, ever doing right and equity- among the suitors of his court, fearing only the errors and mistakes to which fallible human judgment is liable." Not a word of censure was breathed against any one of his acts, and tributes of heartfelt commendation of his life, and sorrow for his loss were laid on his grave by men of all parties and shades of opinion. He was married, in 1835, to the widow of Mr. Ten Eyck, of Detroit, Michigan, who survived him. He also left a daughter, Mrs. Chamberlain. KUFUS KING WINSLOW. Richard Winslow was a direct descendant from Kenelm Winslow, brother of Governor Edward Winslow, of Plymouth Colony, and one of the May- flower Pilgrims. He was born in Falmouth, Maine, on the 6th of September, 1769. He left that State in 1813, and removed to North Carolina, where he established himself at Ocracoke, He became largely interested in the commerce of that place, both by sea and by land. In May, 1831, he arrived with his family in Cleve- land, determined on investigating the chances which were then attracting considerable attention. He in- vested his capital in mercantile and shipping interests, and in addition became agent for a line of vesels between Buffalo and Cleveland, and also of a line of boats on the Ohio canal. His first venture as a ship-owner was the brig " North Carolina," built for him in Black Eiver. He afterwards became interested in the steamer "Bunker Hill," of four hundred and fifty-six tons, which at that time was considered a very large size. These were the forerunners of a long line of sail and steam vessels, built for or pur- chased by him, alone or in connection with his eons, who became partners with him in the business. The Winslows became widely and favorably known and ranked among the foremost ship-owners on the wes- tern lakes. In 1854 Mr. Winslow retired, leaving his interest to be carried on by his sons, who inherited his business tastes and abilities. For twenty-five years he had been in active busi- ness on the lakes, but he was destined to enjoy his retirement only for the short space of three years. In 1857 he met with an accident which seriously afEected a leg he had injured years before, and re- sulted in his death, he being in the eighty-eighth year of his age. Throughout his long and active life he enjoyed the respect of all with whom he was brought in contact, whether in business or social relations. He was a gentleman in the highest sense of the word, warm and impulsive in his nature, courteous to every one and strongly attached to those he found worthy of his friendship. In business he was quick to perceive and prompt to act, but was free from the least suspicion of meanness or duplicity. As a citizen he took a deep interest in public affairs, but was not a politician and neither sought nor de- sired public office of any kind. He was married to Miss Mary Nash Grandy, of Camden, North Carolina. By this union he had eleven children, of whom N. C, H. J., E. K. and Edward survived him. Mrs. Winslow died in October, 1858, having outlived her husband a little over one year. His son, Rufus King Winslow, was born in Ocracoke, North Carolina. He came with the family to Cleve- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 395 land in 1831, and was educated at the old Cleveland academy. When he reached his majority he became associated with his brothers, N. C. and H. J. Winslow, in the shipping business, their father being, as already stated, a large owner of vessels on the lakes. The family had, indeed, from their first arrival iu Cleve- land, been among the foremost, if not at the head of all, in the ownership of vessels; they having a large fleet of ships always on the lakes. In 1854, when the father retired from active business, the management of the family's interests devolved upon Eufus K. and his brothers. Upon the death of their father in 1857, the business was left wholly to them. It has since that time been successfully carried on, he remaining in Cleveland, whilst one brother settled in Buffalo and the_ other iij Chicago. In 1859 and 1860 they dispatched some vessels to the Black Sea, but most of their operations have been confined to the lakes, on which they are still extensively engaged. Mr. Winslow is also a lai'ge real estate ownei", and although an cnterpi-ising and public-spirited citizen, has avoided political life, having invariably declined to accept positions of public trust. During the re- bellion he was an active and liberal supporter of the Union. He is deeply interested in scientific pursuits, and for many years has been a devoted student of ornithology. In 1873 he was elected president of the Kiitland Academy of Natural Sciences, of which he had for a number of years been an active merabei'. He is well known as a skillful connoisseur in paint- ings, and a liberal patron of art in all its branches. H« has never sought notorieiy of any description, and is seldom seen at public gatherings. When oc- casion demanded it, however, he has always been found ready to take an active part in works of benev- olence or public enterprise. He is a member of the Western Reserve Historical Society, and has ever been an earnest supporter of educational interests. His sound judgment and correct taste have frequently rendered good service in devising and carrying out plans for charitable or other purposes. He was mar- ried in 1851 to Miss Lucy B. Clark, daughter of Dr. W. A. Clark, of Cleveland. REUBEN WOOD. This early lawyer and statesman of Cleveland was born in the year 179?, in the county of Rutland, and State of Vermont. Brought up on a farm, he acquired sufficient education to teach school during the winter mouths, and made this the stepping stone to higher acquirements. Finding special facilities in Canada he went over the line to prosecute his studies, but was compelled to return by the breaking out of the war of 1812. Having already begun the study of the law, he completed it with Gen. Clark, a prominent lawyer of Middletown, Vermont, and obtained admission to the bar. In the year 1818 he was married, and immediately afterward removed to Cleveland, then a small but promising village, closely surrounded by woods. His only rival there in the legal profession was Alfred Kelley, except Leonard Case, who paid little attention to law except in connection with land. Mr. Wood being a wide-awake, energetic man, well suited to the western country, soon obtained a good practice, in which he was actively engaged for twelve years. His characteristics as a lawyer haVe been mentioned in the chapter devoted to the early bar of Cleveland. His practice was somewhat interrupted by his elec- tion to the State senate in 1825, a position to which he was twice re-elected. In 1830 Ml". Wood was elected by the legislature president judge of the third judicial circuit. He was, as described by an old lawyer, especially good as a nisi prills judge — that is, in presiding over the trial of suits — his quick, active mind enabling him to catch easily the main points of a case, to understand readily the bearing of evidence, and to appreciate off-hand the points of a lawyer's argument. In 1833 he was elected a judge of the supreme court of the State, and at the end of his term, he was re-elected. Eor the last three years of his second term he was the chief justice of the court. Judge Wood was elected governor of Ohio in 1850 by the Democratic party, by a majority of over eleven thousand. His official term was brought to a close within a year by the adoption of the new constitution, but in the autumn of 1851 he was a candidate for elec- tion under that instrument, and was chosen by a ma- jority of about twenty-six thousand. During both terms he served to the satisfaction of the people, and obtained a wide reputation for ability. When it was found impracticable, at the Democratic National con- vention of 1852, to nominate one of the leading can- didates for the Presidency, Gov. Wood was strongly talked of as a compromise candidate. The position, however, was finally assigned to Franklin Pierce, of New Hampshire. After the expiration of Gov. Wood's gubernatorial career he was appointed, in 1853, by President Pierce, as consul at Valparaiso, in the republic of Chili. While there he acted for a short time as minister to Chili. On his return he retired to a farm in the town- ship of Eockport, where he resided until his death, which occurred on the 2d day of October, 1864, he being then seventy-two years old. The characteristics of Mr. Wood's mind were quick- ness, promptness, acuteness and thorough knowledge of human nature; all qualities especially calculated to promote his success in a new, wide-awake, go-ahead country. TIMOTHY DOANE CROCKER. Timothy Doane Crocker,, a lawyer and capitalist of Cleveland, is descended on the paternal side through J. Davis Crocker, formerly of Lee, Massachusetts, in a direct line from the Crockers who settled at Cape Cod, shortly after the landing of the Pilgrim fathers 396 THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. upon Plymouth Rock. His mother is a daughter of Judge Timothy Doane, a native of Haddam, Connec- ticut. The old Doane mansion is still standing, the ancient frescoes of which represent scenes familiar to the patriots of the Eevolutionary days. One of Mr. Crocker's name — a historical character — was a captain in the British navy before the Revolution, and vfas at one time governor of Long Island, under British rule. Mr. Crocker's paternal grandfather was a prominent citizen of Lee, where he owned an extensive landed property. Being urged by his pastor. Dr. Hyde, and others, to head a colony of immigrants to Ohio, he consented to do so. Before leaving for the new settle- ment the colony organized a church, and he was chosen one of the officers. He traveled to Ohio in 1811 in his own private car- riage, which was said to be the first pleasure carriage driven through to the Reserve. He purchased large tracts of land in Euclid and Dover townships, the village of CoUinwood being now situated on a portion of the former tract, which was extensive and valuable, reaching to the lake, and as far west as the Coit farm. Although quite young at the time of the Revolution, this gentleman was in the military service before its close, and was on General Washington's staff. After the passage of the act giving pensions to those who survived the war, he was urged by his friends to ap- ply for one. His reply was: " I would never be guilty of receiving rewai'd for services rendered my country in time of peril and need." He was a gentleman of sterling qualities of head and heart, unblemished in- tegrity, well informed, and one whose advice was sought from far and near. In this connection it is worthy of note that no representative of that branch of the family was ever known to be a drunkard, al- though in early times a sideboard was esteemed a household necessity. The father of the subject of this sketch, who was quite young when the family came to Ohio, possessed then, to a large degree, Ms father's superior quali- ties. He had four children — Sarah, who married Rev. E. Adams, an Episcopal clergyman, (of the- family of John Adams, of Massachusetts); Mary, who married Judge P. H. Smythe of Burlington, Iowa (a descendant of the Patrick Henry family of Virginia); Timothy Doane; and Davis J., a lawyer, of Chicago. The heads of the family of Mr. T. D. Crocker's mother, on the paternal side, were, for at least three generations, sea captains, owning the vessels they commanded, and trading to the Indies. John Doane, the founder of the family in this country, crossed the Atlantic in one of the first three vessels that sailed to Plymouth. He was prominent in the affairs of the colony, and in 1633 was chosen assistant to Governor Winslow. Subsequently he was one of the commis- sioners chosen to revise the laws; in 1643 he was again chosen to be Governor Winslow's assistant, and for several years he was selected as a deputy in the colony court. Judge Timothy Doane moved from Connecticut to Herkimer county. New York, about 1794. In 1801 he migrated to Euclid, now East Cleveland, in this county. With his family he made the journey from Buffalo to Cleveland in an open boat rowed by In- dians, landing where night overtook them, only to resume their travels the following day. Near Grand river they saw a storm approaching and attempted to land, but their boat was swamped. All were saved, however, and Mr. Doane and his family continued their journey to Cleveland on horseback along the Indian trail. At this period the mother of the sub- ject of our sketch was five years old, and at the present time (September, 1879,) is still living, in the ' full possession of her faculties, and thoroughly familiar with the growth and development of the country, especially in northern Ohio. During the war of 1812, and, later, during the rebellion of 1861-65, she was very active in giving aid and comfort to the sick and wounded soldiers, and good cheer to those in health. She is a woman of liberal and intelligent views, accomplished, and beloved by all who know her. At the period of Judge Doane's advent, there were but three log houses where now stands the beautiful city of Cleveland. West of the Cuyahoga was Indian territory, and Judge Doane found the Indians to be peaceable and good neighbors. They were always re- ceived at his house as friends, and on many a night, Indian-like, they would wrap themselves in their blankets and sleep around the Judge's cheerful fire. In appreciation of his kindness they would frequently present him with some of the best venison or fish which their skill could procure. During the first year of his administration the first governor of Ohio appointed Judge Doane to be a jus- tice of the peace. The original commission is now in possession of Timothy Doane Crocker, and reads as follows: Edwaed Tiffin, Governor, in the name and by the authority of the State of Ohio: To alltvho shall see these presents, Greeting: Know ye, that we have assigned and constituted, and do by these presents constitute and appoint, Tim- othy Doane, Justice of the Peace for Cleveland Town- ship, in the county of Trumbull, agreeably to the laws, statutes and ordinances in such case made and provided, with all the privileges, emoluments, etc., for three years from the date hereof, and until a suc- cessor shall be chosen and qualified. In witness whereof, the said Edward Tiffin, Governor of the State of Ohio, hath caused the seal of the said State to be hereunto affixed, at Chillicothe, the 14th day of July, in the year of our Lord, 1803, and of the independence of the State of Ohio, the first. By the Governor, Edwaed Tiffin. Wm. Creighton, Jr., Secretary of State. [L.s.l iPrivate seal. The State seal being not yet procured.) Subsequently Judge Doane served as associate judge for many years. At an early age, Timothy Doane Crocker exhibited those traits of character — energy, integrity and per- severance — which proved the beacon lights in his after r^^^^^^^^-^:^ BIOGEAPHICAL SKETCHES. 397 career. In his youth he worked on his father's farm during the springs, summers and autumns, and in the winters attended a district school. He early showed especial facility in mathematics, and when only thir- teen was a thorough arithmetician, being able to solve mentally many of the most difficult arithmetical prob- lems. Erora the district school he went to Twinsburg academy, where his expenses were defrayed by the manual labor he performed, and where, by habits of industry, he undoubtedly laid the foundation of his successful life. Subsequently he attended Shaw acad- emy and afterward entered Western Eeserve College, where he paid the most of his expenses by his own labor. He was graduated in June, 1843, taking high rank both in scholarship and deportment — no unfa- vorable "mark" having been i-ecorded against him. In the fall of 1843, in which year his father died, he became principal of a select school near Bowling Green, Kentucky, prosecuting assiduously, at the same time, his classical and other studies. During his two years and a half stay at Bowling Green, he developed a high order of talent as an educator and disciplinarian. On his return to Cleveland in 1846, he read law in the office of Allen & Stetson for a few months, and then entered the law school of Harvard University, from which he was graduated in 1848; having previously — in 1847 — been admitted to practice at the Middlesex (Massachusetts,) bar, after a severe examination in open court by Chief Justice Wilds. He returned to Cleveland the same year, and in November again left home — this time for Burlington, Iowa — spending the winter in the office of Grimes & Starr. In March, 1849, he opened an office, and was engaged in active practice until 1864. He dis- tinguished himself as counsel in many important cases, in which some of the best legal talent in the State was opposed to him. His practice rapidly in- creased until it became worth ten thousand dollars a year; an exceedingly large one in a city of the size of Burlington, and one of the largest in the State of Iowa. He invested his professional gains in land, be- coming a large landholder in Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Ohio, and this real estate has now increased very greatly in value. Mr. Crocker was also attorney for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy railroad company from the time that it broke ground on the east side of the Mississippi. He be- came interested in other railroads as well as in plank- roads in that section, and was a stockholder and director in the Burlington Bank. The health of his wife demanding a change of resi- dence, he removed his family to Cleveland in 1860. Since closing his legal business (about 1864) the care of his estate has required all the attention he could give to business matters. He has, however, been prominent in the support of benevolent institutions, and in the promotion of religious education. He was president for several years of the Sabbath School Union, and superintendent for ten years of the Mis- sion Sabbath School of the Eirst Presbyterian Church, of Cleveland, of which latter body he was a member. The school had but eighty pupils when he took charge of it, while at the time of his resignation there were one thousand enrolled, seven hundred of whom were reg- ular attendants. He is one of the trustees of the Western Eeserve College, at Hudson, (in aid of wliich he has given ten thousand dollars), and of Mount Union College, of Alliance, Ohio, in which latter institution he is also the lecturer on political economy and commercial and international law. Mr. Crocker has ever eschewed politics so far as seeking political preferment is concerned. In Iowa he was often solicited to be a candidate for judge of the district court, but declined tlie honor. During the war for the Union he devoted much time and money to the national cause, and rendered valuable service to the Christian Commission on the Potomac. His success in life has been due not only to great industry and energy but to a peculiar and intuitive faculty of seizing the right opportunity at the right moment, together with the foresight to determine accurately the probable results of an undertaking. Mr. Crocker is one of the few representative men of Cleveland who are natives of Cuyahoga county. He was married in September, 1853, to Eliza P., only daughter of the late Wm. A. Otis, Esq., of Cleveland and has had five children; three sons and two daugh- ters. RUFUS P. RANJSIEY. The subject of this sketch has been a resident of the city of Cleveland for tlie last twenty-one years. He was born in Hampden county, Massachusetts, October 30, 1813. His father, who was a farmer of moderate means in that rugged region, having ex- changed his land for a larger tract in the West, re- moved witli a large family in the fall of 1834 to what was afterwards known as Freedom, in the county of Portage, in this State, and erected a log hut near the center of a nearly unbroken forest of about seven miles square, without roads, schools or churches, and still filled with wild beasts, inohiding the bear and wolf, in such numbers as to make the rearing of domestic animals next to impossible. It is needless to say that such a state of things must be attended with many privations, and, for those who had noth- ing but wild land, the provision of food and clothing became a consideration of the first necessity. To secure these, the land must be cleared of the heavy timber upon it, and to this very hard labor, for a growing boy, Eufus P. devoted himself for the next six years, with only one winter's schooling in a neighboring tc^ivn during the period. This course of life then began to tell on his health, and an irresisti- ble desire to acquire some education ensued, which his parents warmly seconded by their wishes, although 398 THE CITY OP CLEVELAND. they were ignorant of the way to accomplish it, and without the means to furnish any considerable aid. But tiic departure was to be made, and, having no reliance but upon his ax, he chopped cord-wood for a merchant to pay for a Latin dictionary, a Virgil and a razor — this being an implement his age began to de- mand, while the others, he was told, were necessary to commence a literary career. Thus prepared, he com- menced study with Dr. Bassett, of Nelson, who taught an academy part of the year and gave private instruction the residue. After staying a considera- ble time with him and contracting a very strong attachment for him, he pursued his studies at the Western Reserve College, supporting himself during this period by frequent intervals of manual lalior, and by teaching two terms, the first in a district in Hiram, where Mormonism first broke out in the West, and the last in the academy building in Nelson formerly occupied by Dr. Bassett. At the end of this term, in the spring of 1834, when he was pre- paring to return to Hudson, a mere accident, with- out previous thought or calculation, ended his plan of completing a classical education, determined his profession and settled the course of his whole life. Accidentally meeting an old college friend who was designed for the bar, and who had been a year with Joshua R. Giddings and Benjamin F. Wade (who have since acquired such marked distinction) his friend advised him to give up the college, and go back with him to Ashtabula county and read law. He re- ceived the proposal with the utmost astonishment, knowing absolutely nothing of courts, law or lawyers; but having a vague idea that a college graduation was indispensable to such an undertaking. His friend knew how to correct this impression, and so effectu- ally to remove other objections that a single night's reflection decided him to go to what then seemed a distant point, whore he had never been, and where he knew no one, having until the day before never heard even the names of the lawyers whose office he proposed to enter. His reception and treatment were, however, such as to make the two and a half years ensuing the most enjoyable and profitable of his life, and resulted in the formation of personal friendships between him and liis instructors and fellow students which no sub- sequent events ever impaired. The study, of -jurjsprndence as a science was so ex- actly suited to his tastes that a constant incentive existed to master its fundamental principles, which he accomplished so thoroughly as to account for the ease and readiness with which he has ever used them. In the fall of 1836 he was admitted to the bar of the supreme court, and soon after located at Warren, in the then large county of Trumbull, where he com- menced practice alone. But in the course of the en- suing winter, the firm of Giddings & Wade being dissolved and Mr. Giddings elected to Congress, at the earnest request of his old preceptor, Mr. Wade, he returned to Jefferson and formed with him the partnership of Wade & Eanney, which lasted for ten years, and until Mr. Wade was elected a judge of the court of common pleas. During this period he married a daughter of Judge Jonathan Warner, and in 1845 he took up his resi- dence again in Warren. The firm of Wade & Ranney was rather noted for the extent of its business than for the gains from it, and at its conclusion, such was the confidence of the partners in each other, its affairs were settled by simply passing mutual receipts. In addition to the heavy labor which their practice im- posed, neither of the partners neglected the interests of the political party to which they respectively be- longed. The junior, from his majority, was an ar- dent Democrat of the Jefferson and Jackson scliool, and without a thought for his pei-sonal interests or pi'ospeets he cast his lot with the small minority then comprising the party in this part of the State, and at once became one of the leading advocates of its doctrines. Without any hope ©f local preferment, it was nevertheless a settled principle with the leaders that in aid of the general State ticket the best local nominations should be made, and that those who urged others to stand by the cause should, without a murmur, take such positions as their associates as- signed them. In accordance with this idea, Mr. Ranney was first nominated for the State senate, but was obliged to decline because he was not of an age to be constitu- tionally eligible. He was three times a candidate for Congress; once in 1843 in the Ashtabula district, then including this county and Geauga; and in 1846 and 1848 in the Trumbull district, which embraced also the counties of Portage and Summit. But his exer- tions were not limited to law and politics. Conscious of the deficiency of his general education, he resolved to supply it so far as possible by individual exertion. While he was yet a student, availing himself of the aid of a French scholar and his books, he had com- menced the study of that language, and from that day to this has constantly read a French newspaper, and the solid literary and scientific productions of French authors, including the Code Napoleon and the commentaries upon it, in the language in which they were composed. After the dissolution of the firm of Wade & Eanney he continued the practice alone until 1850, and in the spring of that year, in connection with the late Judge Peter Hitchcock and Jacob Perkins, he was elected, by a large majority, a member from the counties of Trumbull and Geauga of the convention called to revise the constitution of the State. In that conven- tion, comprising, as is well known, a very able body of men, he served upon the judiciary committee, and was chairman of the committee on revision, to which the phraseology and arrangement of the whole instru- ment was committed. He took a very active part in the debates upon most of the important questions considered, and may be said to have done as much as any one to impress upon the instrument those popu- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 399 lar features which have ever since made it acceptable to the people of the State. Immediately after the adjournment of the conven- tion, in the spring of 1851, when he had just returned to his neglected practice, and without any previous knowledge on his part that a vacancy existed, he learned of his election, by the legislature then in ses- sion, as a judge of the supreme court of the State, at the same joint session at which his old preceptor and partner was first elected to the United States Senate. The new constitution being afterwards adopted by the people, he was elected to the same position, in the fall of the same year, by a majority of over forty thousand votes, and continued to discharge its duties, both in the district and supreme courts, until shoi-tly before the expiration of his term, in the winter of 1856, when he resigned. He soon after associated himself with F. T. Backus and C. W. Noble in the practice of law in Cleveland, and about the same time was appointed, by the President, United States attor- ney for this district; but as the appointment, which had been wholly unsolicited, proved to be too much in the way of his more important civil business and not suited to his tastes, he resigned it a few months after- ward. Nothing further occurred to interfere with the large and increasing business of his firm until 1859, when the State convention of his party unanimously and very unexpectedly placed him in nomination for governor. The canvass was a very spirited one, and was attended with the unusual feature of a joint discussion between him and his competitor at many of the important points in the State; but the Re- publican party retained its ascendancy, and he- was defeated. On the breaking out of the civil war, which he did everything in his power to avert, he became sat- isfied that arms must settle the conflict, and that the preservation of the Union depended upon making it as short and decisive as possible; and to this end, in the spring of 1863, he readily accepted the invitation of Governor Tod, and, in connection with Hon. Thomas Ewing and Samuel Galloway, addressed the people at several points in the middle and southern portions of the State, to encourage enlistments. In the same year he and his partner, Mr. Backus, were nominated as opposing candidates for the supreme bench. Not desiring the place, and having a very high opinion of the qualifications of Mr. Backus for it, he declined the nomination, but his party not acquiescing his name was kept upon the ticket, and in the fall he found himself again elected to tlie position. He took his seat and remained two years, when, convinced that duty to his family re- quired it, he very reluctantly resigned, resolved to devote himself exclusively to his profession, to which resolution he has steadily adhered; holding no pub- lic position in the time, except that of president of the State board of Centennial managers, for the Phil- adelphia exposition. The result has been that, in addition to his large practice in the courts of his own State, his engagements in important cases have ex- tended into several other States, and into all the courts. State and Federal, where such cases are dis- posed of ; and, while he is very far from having amassed a fortune, he has so far succeeded, without ever embarking in any speculation, and from the avails of his labor alone, as to have acquired a compe- tency, which with his disregard of all show, and his economical habits, places him in a position of com- plete independence. Of one so well known as he is, but little need be added. That he has discharged the duties of every position in which he has been placed with distin- guished ability and strict integrity, no one that has ever known him well will deny. As an advocate and jurist he has had very few if any superiors among his contemporaries, while his recorded judicial opinions upon many great questions that arose during his ser- vice upon the bench are conceded to be models of clearness, learning and force, and especially distin- guished for the broad and comprehensive principles upon which his reasoning is generally founded. In the very best sense of jthe words, he is a speci- men of a self-made man; and his history furnishes additional evidence that integrity of purpose, when coupled with perseverance and assiduous labor, will overcome all the difficulties which may beset the path of the young American, and enable him to fully fit himself for honorable and useful positions in society. ■^V'^.vi,-^/ History of Cuyahoga County, PART THIRD: THE TOWNSHIPS, The Townships of Cuyahoga County, ' OHAPTEE LXIX. BEDFORD. Location— Surface — Soil — Tinlcer's Oreek— Picturesque Scenery — The Pioneers— The First Settlers— Eapid House-building— Parker's Tav- ern—A Mighty Hunter— The First Child— First Settler in the North- west—Getting Plenty of Food— First Permanent Kesident at the Center- Other Settlers before 1823— Householders in 1830— Civil Gov- ernipent — First Officers— List of Officers— Cemetery — Town Hall — The Vintage- Location and Appearance — The Beginning— The Laying Out —The Incorporation— Officers since 1860— Post Office— Stores— Hotels -Physicians — Bedford Intellingencer— Early Mills— Woolen Factory- Pail Factory— Tannery— Foundry— The Rolling Mill — Machine Shop- Chair Factories— Schools — Union School — Church of Christ— First Baptist Church — Methodist Church — Episcopal Church — Masonic Lodge. This township lies on the Summit county line, east of Independence and south of Warrensville. On the east it is bounded by the township of Solon. It is known in the survey as township number six in range eleven. When it was organized for civil pur- poses, in 1833, it received its present name at the suggestion of Daniel Benedict, in compliment to the place of his nativity — Bedford, Connecticut. Along the streams the surface of the township is somewhat broken, but in other parts it is generally level. Being also quite elevated, Bedford is a very healthy township. Heavy forests originally covered the ground, but these have been generally removed, although the appearance of the country is yet pleas- antly diversified by bodies of timber which have been allowed to remain in their primitive beauty. The soil is variable, but is usually a light loam. It is generally free from stones, and may be cultivated with ease. It is fertile, and yields the ordinary pro- ducts of this part of the State, but dairying has, to a large extent, become the chief industrial pursuit of .the inhabitants. ^Tinker's Creek is the principal stream.* It flows' from Solon in a westerly course, south of the center of Bedford, to the Cuyahoga, into which it empties in the township of Independence. Its channel is very deep and rugged, forming in places chasms several hundred feet deep, which have almost perpendicular banks of shale or sand rock, and present a grand and picturesque appearance. Along a part of its course through the township, the scenery for varied and at- tractive beauty is seldom surpassed. The volume of * For the origin of this name, see page 43. / the stream is not so great as formerly, but it yet af- fords good water power, which has been well utilized. The other streams of the township are small brooks, which flow into this creek from the north. PIONEER SETTLERS. About 1810 the township was surveyed into one hundred lots, numbered from the northwest, but no speedy attempt at settlement followed. In 1813 Elijah Nobles settled on Tinker's ereek near the line' of Independence, and was probably the first pioneer of Bedford. He was a man of loose business habits, and soon found himself reduced to extreme poverty with a very heavy incumbrance on his land. As it did not seem possible for him to retain his home there, one of the Hudsons, of Hudson, who was related to him, offered him a part of lot forty-six (at the center), if he would make certain improvements on it. With this purpose he moved to what is now the vil- lage of Bedford, in JSTovember, 1815, and was the first man who lived there. His neighbors in Independence turned out to the number of eighteen, and in a single day built him a cabin from the trees growing on the spot, leaving the family there at night nearly three miles from any other occupied house. Nobles re- mained all winter at the center, but the following spring he returned to his old place on the creek, and not long after removed to another part of the State. A part of his property on Tinker's creek passed into the hands of Adams & Starr, who built there the first mills in the township, and another part became the home of Oardee Parker who opened the first tavern, (although Nobles may have entertained oc- casional travelers.) Parker's tavern became quite famous in its way, and after his death, was continued by his widow, who was widely known as Mother Parker. After the canal was built she removed to Independence, and opened a public house there. Several months after the settlement of Nobles at the center, Benjamin Fitch, who came to Independ- ence in 1813, squatted on a piece of land in that lo- cality, but after Nobles had left he, too, became dis- couraged and moved back to the creek. He sold his " betterments" to Wetherby Nye, but the land ulti- mately became the property of Joseph Good ale, who purchased it of the proprietors. In the course of (403) 404 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. the year Fitch returned to the center and built a new cabin on the eastern part of the site of the vil- lage, where he lived a number of years, but finally made a permanent settlement on lot fifteen. He was probably the greatest hunter that ever lived in the township, being so uniformly successful that some of his less forcunate neighbors used to " change works " with him — they clearing his land for him while he provided them with game. He was also well known as a maker of sjilint-bottom chairs, and some of these useful articles made by him, over sixty years ago, are yet in existence in the township. In the latter part of his life he moved to Indiana, where he died. He had three sons, named Joseph, George C, and Andrew G. The latter was born at the center in 4818, being the first child born in that locality. His two daughters yet live in Bedford, Harriet being the wife of W. 0. Taylor. Benoni Brown settled in the southwestern part of the township about 1815, but removed in the course of ten years. At the old mill, in the Tinker's creek settlement, Timothy Washburne lived at a very early day, but did not remain long. He was the first blacksmith in Bedford. In this locality also Stephen Comstock settled in 1814, and a daughter, Sarah, born soon after, was the first child born in the town- ship. The family also comprised two otJier daugh- ters, and two sons named Charles and Stephen. Stephen Comstock, Sr., was probably the first settler of Bedford who retained a permanent residence. A little later James Orr made some improvements in the same locality, but also removed before 1830. About 1818 Moses Gleeson likewise settled there. He was an enterprising citizen, and reared seven sons, named Edwin, Blias, Charles, William, Moses, Sar- dis and Lafayette, and three daughters. In April, 1819, Samuel Barnes, of Vermont, came from Newburg, where he had settled in 1817, and located in the northwest part of Bedford, but after- wards settled at the village. He died in ISlovember, 1873, but Mrs. Barnes is yet living, and is the earliest surviving settler of the township. They reared a son, Orville, and two daughters. One of them, Cordelia, was born in June 1819, hers being one of the first births in the township. The following year and the year after, Moses Bar- num, Abijah S. Barnum and Prentice B. Eoss set- tled on the Newburg road, but at least two of them moved away at an early date. In 1820 Jason Shep- ard located on lot two, where he lived until after 1830, when he removed to Newburg. It is related of him that while he was out hunting he shot a black bear which was helping himself to the wild honey from a "bee tree," which also became the prize of the hunter; and, returning home, shot a deer and some wild turkeys near his house, which was certain- ly obtaining a pretty good supply of food for one day. He had a son, Elias, who is yet a citizen of Newburg. John Dunham settled in the northwestern part of the township about 1821, and died there in 1850 leaving seven sons, named Ambrose, Chester, Alonzo, John, Asa, Jehiel and Lorenzo. Of these, Asa, who resides on Dunham street, is the only one living in the township. Wetherby Nye became a resident of Bedford about the same time, and after living in va- rious places finally located in the western pai't of the township, where he died in 1877. Nathaniel K. Joy lived in the same neighborhood as early as 1822, but soon moved away. On lot four Solomon White was an early settler, locating on the present Libbey farm. Samuel Morton lived in the same neighborhood in 1832, but after a few years moved to Canada. In 1832 Stephen Robinson located on the present Comstock place, on lot twelve, where he died in 1833. He had eight sons, named Daniel, Nathan, Isaac, Ebenezer, Ezra, Nathaniel, John and Newman. The latter is the only one remaining in the township; John lives in West Cleveland; and Ezra in Brooklyn. John White was a neighbor of the Robinsons before 1833, and died in that locality. He reared two sons, named William G. and Charles. Daniel Benedict settled at the village of Bedford in 1831, and was the first permanent resident there. His family consisted of eight sous: Darius, Ralph, .Julius, Sillock, Judson, James, Rodolphus, Phinam- ber and Allison. Phiuamber is the only one living in the county, he being yet a resident of the village. A little later Moses Higby settled in the southwestern part of the township, where he remained until his death. Others living in the township before 1833 were Jared Barnes, Barzilla Burk, William Duushee, La- ban Ingersoll, John Johnson, John Marvin and Peter Comstock. Within a few years came Philo Barnes, Justus Remington, George M. Payne, Luther and Ziba Willis, Daniel Gould, Hiram SpofEord, Barney Cobb, Enoch Allen and Nathaniel C. Hains. In 1830 the householders of the township were as follows: John Libbey, Noah Sawyer, Alfred Dunham, Jason Shepard, Charles Goodrich, Enos Hollister, A. S. Barnum, John Dunham, Wetherby Nye, Eli Burke, Alvah Hollister, Hiram Ostrander, Stephen Robinson, James Titus, Julius S. Benedict, Oliver B. Robinson. Daniel Gould, Luther Willis, Darius Warner, William Dunshee, Ralph R. Benedict, Samuel Barnes, Abra- ham Turner, Joseph Skinner, Joseph Goodale, John White, Justus Remington, Nathaniel C. Haines, George M. Payne, Enoch Allen, James Griffith, Bar- ney Cobb, Daniel Benedict, Hiram Spafford, Benja- min Pitch, Erastus Ives, Jared Skinner, Ziba Willis, Daniel Mora, Moses Kirby, Lyman Eldred, Curtis Wells, Daniel Chase, John L. Willard, Alvin Davis, Danforth Chamberlain, Aaron Warner, John Hill, Mary Ann Parker, Silas Lindslej, Moses Gleason, Peter McArthur, John Schooley, Nathaniel H. Joy, Stephen Comstock, James Hughes, Wm. Currier, Isaac Leach, Isaac 'D. Leach. After 1830 the immigration was very lai'ge, and the township, although yet new, was soon quite BEDFORD. 405 deasely populated. In 1847 Bedford had three huin-' dred and twenty voters. CIVIL GOVERNMEKT. Agreeably to an order of the commissioners of Cuyahoga county, the inhabitants of the present township of Bedford assembled at the house of Pren- tice B. Eoss, April 7, 1823, to elect township ofiBcers. John Dunham, Daniel Benedict and Aaron Shepard were appointed judges; Laban Ingersoll and A. S. Barnum, clerks. The officers elected were as fol- lows: Trustees, Daniel Benedict, James Orr, Laban Ingersoll; clerk, Abijah S. Barnum; treasurer, John Dunham; constables and listers, Peter Oomstock, Darius E, Benedict; fence viewers, Prentice B. Ross, Wetherby Nye; overseers of the poor, Barzilla B. Burk, Stephen Oomstock; road supervisors, Daniel Benedict, James Orr, Barzilla B. Burk. Jonathan Fisher, a justice of the peace of the county, qualified the clerk to perform the duties of his office. A meeting to elect a Justice of the peace for Bed- ford was held July 19, 1833, when John Dunham received seventeen votes; Daniel Benedict, eleven; and A. Shepard, one. Dunham declined to serve, and on the 9th of August another election was held which resulted in the choice of James Orr; he having received twenty-five votes. The justices in 1879 are A. M. Whitaker and E. H. Hammond. It is impos- sible to compile even a reasonably full list of those who have served as justices in the intermediate period; even as to other officers it is vei-y difficult, some of the records having been destroyed or mislaid. As near as can be ascertained they have been as follows: 1823. Trustees, Daniel Benedict, James Orr, Laban Ingersoll; clerk, Abijah S. Barnum; treasurer, John Dunham. 1824. Trustees, Daniel Benedict, John Dunhani, Stephen Comstoek; clerk, Benjamin Fitch; treasurer, John Dunham. 1825. Trustees, Jason Shepard, Philo Barnes, Stephen Comstoek; clerk, Daniel Benedict; treasurer, James Orr. 1826. Trustees, Jason Shepard, Philo Barnes, Stephen Comstoek; clerk, A. S. Barnum ; treasurer, James Orr. 1827 and 1828 — records missing. 1829. Trustees, Enoch Allen, George M. Payne, Justus Bemington; clerk, A. S. Barnum; treasurer, Luther Willis. 1830. Trustees, James Titus, Alvin Davis, Justus Remington; clerk, A'. S. Barnum; treasurer, Enos Hollister. 1831. Trustees, Thomas Marble, Hiram Spafford, Curtis Wells; clerk, JohnF. Willard; treasurer, Enos Hollister. 1832. Trustees, Daniel Brooks, William Hamilton, James Titus; clerk, A. S. Barnum; treasurer, Enos Hollister. 1833. Trustees, Luther Willis, Augustine Collins, Abial Newton; clerk, A. S. Barnum; treasurer, David B. Dunham. 1834. Trustees, George M. Payne, Augustine Collins, Bufus Libby; clerk, A. S. Barnum ; treasurer, David B. Dunham. 1835. Trustees, Otis Button, Augustine Collins, Bufus Libby; clerk, Enoch Allen; treasurer,- David B. Dunham. 1838. Trustees, Otis Button, Augustine Collins, Amos Belding; clerk, Geo. M. Payne; treasurer, David B. Dunham. 1837. Trustees, Daniel Gould, John Culver, Amos Belding; clerk, Justus Remington; treasurer, Geo. M. Payne. 1838. Trustees, Daniel Gould, Matthew Dreni'ng, Amos Belding; clerk, Justus Remington; treasurer, Geo. M. Payne. 1839. Trustees, Daniel Gould, Wm. Morse, Matthew Drening; clerk, John P. Robinson; treasurer, N. C. Hains. J840. Trustees, Rufus Libby, Julius S. Benedict, Matthew Drening; clerk, B. M. Hutchinson; treasurer, N. C. Hains. 1841. Trustees, Justus Remington, Sidney Smith, J. S. Benedict; clerk, B. M. Hutchinson; treasurer, N. C. Hains. 1842. Trustees, Justus Bemington, A. Collins, S. Pease; clerk, B. M. Hutchinson; treasurer, N. Hamlin. 1843. Trustees, J. Montgomery, A. Collins, John Libby; clerk, B. M. Hutchinson; treasurer, N. P. Benedict. 1844 Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee Lord; treasurer, W. B. Hillman. 1845. Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee Lord ; treasurer, F. H. Cannon. 1846. Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee Lord; treasurer, Wm. B. Hillman. 1847. Trustees, Theron Skeels, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee Lord; treasurer, Wm. B. Hillman. 1848. Trustees, Otis Button, Rufus Libby, N. Hamlin; clerk, Lee Lord; treasurer, Wm.B Hillman. 1849. Trustees, Otis Button, Asa Marble, Sidney Smith; clerk, Lee Lord ; treasurer, F. H. Cannon. 1850. Nelson Hamlin, Rufus Libby, Chauncy Osborne; clerk, Lee Lord; treasurer, F. H. Cannon. 1851. Trustees. Hiram Bacon, Rufus Libby, Hiram Smith; clerk, A. M. Whitaker; treasurer. F. H. Cannon. 1852. Trustees, Hiram Bacon. Benj. Samson, Hiram Smith; clerk, George Fuller; treasurer, P. H. Cannon. 1853. Trustees, Hiram Smith, Asa Dunham, Silas Gray; clerk, L. D. Benedict; treasurer, L. D. Hathway. 1854. Trustees, Julius S. Benedictj Asa Dunham, George Lathrop; clerk, L. D. Benedict; treasurer, L. D. Hathaway. 1855. Trustees, Jacob Flick, Jr.. Wm. King, George Lathrop ; clerk, Wm. H. May; treasurer, L. D. Hathaway. 1856. Trustees, Jacob Flick, Jr., Caswell Wright, Joel Nelson; clerk, Wm. H. May; treasurer, A. H. Comstoek. 1857. Trustees, Asa Dunham, Wm. King, Caswell Wright; clerk, Wm. H. May; treasurer, A. H. Comstoek. 1858 and 59. (Records missing). 1860. Trustees, Asa Dunham, James S. Benedict, George Lathrop; clerk, A. M. Whitaker; treasurer, A. H, Comstoek. 1861. Trustees, Asa Dunham, Wm. King, L. Tarbell; cleik, A. B, Hubbell ; treasurer. Levi Marble. 1862. Trustees, Wm. King, R. S. Benedict. D. D. Robinson; clerk, A. M. Whitaker; treasurer, Levi Marble. 1803. Trustees, James S. Benedict, Sidney Smith, Edwin F. Wheeler; clerk, H. J. Hammond; treasurer, Levi Marble. 1864. Trustees, S. A. Clark, James Egbert, Benj. Ltinoin; clerk, Sid- ney Smith ; treasurer, Levi Marble. 1865. Truslees, Horace Herriman, Vincent Salsbury, Benj. Lemoin; clerk, Sidney Smith; tieasurer, Levi Marble. 1866. Trustees, Asa Dunham. H. A. Wise, Benj . Lemoin ; clerk, Henry Freeman ; treasurer, Levi Marble . 1867. Trustees, Asa Dunham, James E bert, T. B. Patterson; clerk, Sidney Smith; treasurer, Levi Marble. 1868. Trustees, Asa Dunham, B. Lemoin, T. B. Patterson; clerk, Sid- ney Smith ; treasurer, Levi Marble. 1869. Trustees, James Egbert, James Mathew, Geo. Laing; clerk, Sidney Smith; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield, 1870. Trustees, James Egbert, James Mathew, Joseph Mathew; clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield. 1871. Trustees, James Egbert, Reuben Parkinson, Joseph Mathew; clerk, J. E. Tudor; treasurer. J. H. Wakefield. 1872. Trustees, Asa Dunham, Beuben Parkinson, Levi Marble; clerk. J. E. Tudor; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield. 1873. Trustees, Asa Dunham, Reuben Parkinson, Levi Marble; clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield. 1874. Treasurer, R. J. Hathaway. Reuben Parkinson, Levi Marble; clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield. 1875. Trustees, Asa Dunham, H. D. Lathrop, E. M. Libby; clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield. 1876. Trustees, J. C. Walton, H. D. Lathrop, E. M. Libby; clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield. 1877. Trustees, J. C. Walton, Johnson McFarland, E. M. Libby; clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J, H. Wakefield. 1878. Trustees. J. C. Walton, Johnson McFarland, H. D. Lathrop; clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J. H. Wakefield, 1879. Trustees, J. C. Walton, Johnson McFarland. H. D. Lathrop; clerk, W. S. Warner; treasurer, J, H, Wakefield. CEMETERY AND TOWN HALL. In 1857 the township appropriated five hundred dollars to purchase a tract of ground for burial pur- poses. A lot of three and one-third acres was selected in the southeastern part of the village, which has been well fenced, laid out in blocks, planted with fine trees, and a vault provided. The township also fur- nished a hearse and provided the services of a sexton. The cemetery contains some very fine monuments, and has become the general place of interment of the people of the township. 406 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. On the 30th of May, 1874, the trustees of Bedford contracted with David Law, of Willoiighby, to build a town hall at the village, for $13,500. The hall was subsequently seated and furnished, making the entire cost about $15,000. The building is three stories high, with a Mansard roof of figured slate, and has a very attractive appearance. The lower story is fitted up for township offices, and has a room in which the general meetings are held. It was first occupied for this purpose in the spring of 1875. The second story forms a public hall, for lectures, concerts, and other occasions; and the third story has been fitted up by the Masons for the use of their order. The hall is an appropriate monument to the enterprise and progres- sive spirit of the people of Bedford. PUBLIC THOKOUGHFAEES. The first roads of Bedford wei-e merely underbrushed paths, but afterwards, when the township was organ- ized, the people went to work in earnest to impi-ove them. The State road, passing througli the township diagonally from southeast to northwest, was built about 1830, and at ouce became a popular thorough- fare, and is still the principal highway of the town- ship. The otherhighways were in due time improved, the low places being turnpiked. At present the roads are in a very fine condition, and in 1879 were in charge of the following supervisors: William Trimple, 0. Wright, G-eorge Nichols, J. H. Stohlman, George Laing, David Winders, James Rees, D. Wells and Amos Allen. In the spring of 1849 ground was broken in Bed- ford for the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad, and in 1852 the road was fully opened for traffic. It has a length in Bedford of about seven miles, and at the village a good station has been provided. The rail- road bridge across Tiniier's creek is a very fine piece of massive stone masonry, more than one hundred feet high. About the same time that the railroad was built, the Twinsburg and Bedford plank road was constructed; and at a little later date the Cleveland and Mahoning railroad was opened through the north- eastern part of the township. The plank road was abandoned about 1860. BEDPOED VILLAGE. This is chiefly situated on lot forty-six, near the center of the township. It is located mainly on the north bank of Tinker's creek, which there flows through a deep gorge, the sides of which are almost perpendicular walls of rock, partly bare and partly covered with trees and shrubs, and presenting a very picturesque appearance. At a bend of the creek, on lot fifty-six, the first effort to start a village was made about 1826 by Luther Willis. He was the owner of water-power which had been employed to operate machinery, but beyond the building of a few houses nothing resulted from the endeavors of the proprietor. After 1830 Hezekiah Dunham became the owner of a large tract of land farther north, and mainly o lot forty-six, a portion of which he caused to be sur- veyed for a village in December, 1834. The plat was made by John C. Sill, and embraced a number of lots south of the present village park (which was at that time devoted to the public use), and west of the turnpike road. Lots were also set aside for a hall for town meetings, and the several religious societies each received a building site. This liberal spirit, and other inducements held out by the proprietors, caused a number of improvements to be made, neces- sitating, in 1836, an addition of lots on the east side of the turnpike, which was also made by the Dun- hams. Other additions were made by the owners of adjoining real estate from time to time, until the area of the village has been greatly extended. It is not compactly built, and since the Cleveland and Pittsburg railroad located a station here, in 1852, it has partaken somewhat of the characteristics of a suburban village in relation to Cleveland. It is only six miles distant from the limits of that city, and has a population of about eight hundred. The village contains a very fiue public hall, a Methodist, a Disci- ple, a Baptist and a Presbyterian church, an elegant Union School building, a number of comfortable resi- dences, and the various establishments mentioned a little further on. Bedford was incorporated according to the provis- ions of an act of the general assembly, passed March 15, 1837, which set forth "that so much of the township of Bedford, in the county of Cuyahoga, as herein described, viz. : The whole of lots forty-five, forty-six and fifty-six, and that part of lot fifty-five which lays northeast of Tinker's creek; also a strip thirty-two rods width off the south end of lot thirty- six, and a strip of thirty-two rods width off the south end of lot thirty-five, west as far as the west line of Justus Eemington's land, be and the same is hereby created a town corporate, and shall hereafter be known by the name and title of the 'Town of Bedford.'" An election of a mayor, a recorder, and five trustees was ordered to be holden the following April, and yearly thereafter. The mayor chosen was George M. Payne; the recorder, David B. Dunham. All the records prior to 1860 have been destroyed by fire, so that no complete list of officers can be given. The village allowed its first charter to lapse, and on the 3d day of May, 1852, a new act of incor- poration was granted, with the limits before given, which yet remain as originally fixed. Since 1859 the principal officers have been as fol- lows: 1860, J. C. Cleveland, mayor; A. M. Whita- ker, recorder. 1861, J. C. Cleveland, mayor; W. L. Lord, recorder. 1862, L. D. Benedict, mayor; 0. A. Ennis, recorder. 1863 & 64, F. H. Cannon, mayor; S. P. Gray, recorder. 1865. B. J. Wheelock, mayor; Sidney Smith, recorder. 1866, R. C. Smith, mayor; H. Freeman, recorder. 1867, A. J. Wells, mayor; Sidney Smith, recorder. 1868, Benjamin Lemoin, mayor; Sidney Smith, recorder. 1869 to 1873, 0. A. Ennis, mayor; A. M. Whit^ker, recorder. 1874 BEDI'ORD. 407 to 1875, 0. A. Ennis, mayor; L. P. Whitaker, re- corder. 1876 to 1877, D. B. Dunham, mayor; W. S. Warner, recorder. 1878, V. A. Taylor, mayor; W. S. Warner, recorder. In 1879 the village officers were as follows: V. A. Taylor, mayor; W. S. Warner, recorder; M. L. Hil- liard, C. B. Marble, J. C. Nelson, 0. A. Ennis, John H. Gause, J. H. Lamson, councilmen; Robert Forbes, treasurer; H. P. Bredes, marshal. A tax of three and one-half mills was levied on the valuation of the village for all the purposes of the corporation in 1879. POST OFFICE, STORES AND HOTELS. The Bedford post office dates from about 1836. Ziba Willis was the first postmaster. His successor in 1833 was D. B. Dunham, who held the office until 1843. At that time there was one mail per day, by stage; the arrival varied from two to ten hours, ac- cording to the condition of the roads. The successors of Mr. Dunham have been J. P. Eobinson, R. D. Benedict, Leverett Tarbell, Levi Marble, and the pres- ent postmaster, Charles B. Marble. The office enjoys good mail privileges. The first store in the village, and also the first in the township, was opened by David B. Dunham, in November, 1831, in a building which stood at the forks of the road, opposite the present hotel. He occupied that building eight years, when he removed to a fine stone block, which stood just north of his present residence, and which was occupied by him when it was destroyed by fire in June, 1878. In that building was transacted, for a number of years, a business which aggregated more than 1100,000 per year, and which made Bedford one of the best trading points in the county, outside of Cleveland. Other prominent merchants have been F. H. Cannon, J. P. Eobinson, W. B. Hillman, Paddock & Esselstyne, George M. Payne, Zachariah Paddock, Chester Ham- ilton, Watson I. Gray, M. B. Dawson, Leverett Tar- bell, A. H. Comstock, James Thompson, L. D. Hathaway, L. P. Gray, etc. The present merchants arc Newman Eobinson, since 1845; Eobert Forbes, since 1865; C. B. Marble, L. C. Hains, Joseph Hains, C. H. Dustin and J. E. Tudor & Co. Enoch Allen had the first public house in the vil- lage, about 1839, near the present chair factories. He was followed by Amos Belden and others. In 1833 Calvin Barnes put up a good hotel, north of the park^ which was widely known as the "Checkered House." Among other keepers were Silas Gray and George Lathrop. In 1871 the house was destroyed by fire. In 1833, also, the present "Fountain House" was built by Levi Marble, who kept it a few years, and was followed by Abner Heston and others. The present proprietor is Charles Turner, and it is the only hotel in the place. Formerly hotels were kept in the stone block and at other places; the village having, at one time, had five public houses. PHYSICIANS AND THE PRESS. Dr. J. M. Turner, who came about 1838 and lived a little south of the village, was the first physician , and was in practice about five years. Dr. Charles Goodrich came about 1830, but fell a victim to the cholera in 1833; Dr. J. P. Eobinson was in practice from January, 1833, till his removal to Cleveland in 1865. Dr. D. G. Streetereame in 1845, and remained until his death, October, 1878, and Dr. S. M. Tarbell was one of his contemporaries. Others, formerly in practice, were Doctors A. W. Oliver, Noble H. Finney, Brainard, Gerold and B. M. Hutchinson. The present physicians are Doctors C. M. Hawley, N. A. Dalrymple Daniels, and N. B. Armstrong. The veteran Dr. T. Garlick, for many years one of Cleveland's most eminent surgeons, is a retired citi- zen of the village. In 1838 John Hammon, of Eavenna, began the publication of the Bedford Intelligencer, a small sheet devoted to local news and the interests of the Demo- cratic party. In five years it was discontinued, and the place has since been without a paper. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. The first manufacturing in the township was on Tinker's creek, near the line of Independence. Some- time about 1815 two men, named Adams and Starr, put up a sawmill and a gristmill, both small, at a point about thirty rods above the mills now situated in that locality. The first mills were suffered to go down, and in 1830 Culverson and Boland improved the present site. The mills erected by them soon after became the property of Moses Gleeson, and have since been operated by him and his family. About 1831 Daniel Benedict built a sawmill, and soon after a carding machine, on Tinker's creek, near the State road, at Bedford village. These were de- sti'oyed by fire, but on the site there is now a saw- mill, belonging to Henry Wick. Below this point Luther Willis built mills in 1835, which are at pre- sent operated by Levi Marble. Near by is a building in which blinds were formerly made and which, at a later day, was a chair factory, but which is at present little used. Farther down the stream, and just inside the cor- porate limits of Bedford village, Stephen C. Powers built and set in operation a woolen factory, in 1843, which was in operation about fifteen years. Here, also, was formerly a sawmill; but at present the power is unemployed. In 1843 a pail factory was built by Lee Lord and Enoch Allen, which was car- ried on successfully a few years but was then de- stroyed by fire. Formerly a brush factory gave em- ployment to a number of men, but after a short season it was removed. As early as 1833 Allen Eobinette put up a small tannery which, since 1840, has been carried on by 408 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COtTNTY. Hinman Robinson. About 1845 Robinson & Hill- man engaged in tanning on a large scale, but after a few years operation the enterprise was abandoned. About 1840 Oomstock, Kirkham & Dickey put up a foundry near the creek, which was burned. It was subsequently rebuilt near the railroad, where it re- mained. in operation until 1868, when it was again destroyed by fire. In 1866 the citizens of Bedford formed themselves into an association for the purpose of establishing a rolling mill. A large capital stock was subscribed, and H. N. Slade chosen the first president. A good mill was built near the railroad bridge, in which from fifty to seventy-five hands were employed. The mill became the property of B. W. John about 1869, and subsequently was owned by the "Leetonia Iron and Coal Company," which also failed. After standing idle a few years, it was purchased by parties resi- dent in Massillon, who removed it to that place, where it is now in operation. During the time it was carried on at Bedford, it is estimated the place sus- tained a direct and indirect loss of more than two hundred thousand dollars, which was chargeable to that source, while the benefit derived from it was very slight. A machine shop for general iron work was built about 1854 by M. A. Purdy & Son, near the above site, which was last carried on by C. Purdy. In July, 1875, the establishment was totally destroyed by fire. THE BEDFOED CHAIR EACTOEIES. These have for many years been among the princi- pal industries of the place, and are the only ones which have survived the mutations of time. In 1851 B. J. Wheelock began the manufacture of cane-seated chairs in the old building by the mill, having at first a force of five men. Changes in the firm fol- lowed, and the capacity of the shop was largely in- creased, more than twenty men being employed. In 1855 B. J. Wheelock and L. P. Osborne built a large factory on the hill north of the old establishment, the latter being continued meanwhile by Lord, Park & Co. and others. In 1858 the new shops were en- larged by the firm of Wheelock & Wright, and about the same time M. A. Purdy & Son erected a new shop devoted to the chair business, in the same locali- ty, and operated it a number of years. In 1867 the different chair manufacturers in the village united their interests and formed the Bedford Chair Com- pany. Another building was then erected to connect the two factories on the hill, the establishment then being made to assume the shape it now has. At thai time about fifty men were employed. At present the factory is operated by Wheelock & Co., on a more limited scale, in the manufacture of single cane-seated work only. As early as 1833 Benjamin Fitch carried on the manufacture of splint-bottom chairs at his home in the northern part of the township, on lot fifteen. Here W. 0. Taylor learued the chair-maker's trade, and in 1844 began work on his own account. In 1863 he erected a shop in this locality, in which he shortly after began the manufacture of cane-seated chairs, although still continuing to make splint work. In 1874 his factory was removed to Bedford village, where the business has since been very successfully carried on by W. 0. Taylor & Son. At present they occupy a large building more than one hundred feet long, with several capacious wings, in which sixty men are employed, nearly as many more persons being given employment outside of the factory, in weaving and braiding chair seats. The work of this factory has attained a wide reputation, and in 1876 was awarded the medal at the Centennial Exhibition. More than forty styles of single and double-seated cane work are made, and the demand for the wares of the factory is so great that it is taxed to its utmost to supply it. EDUCATIOKAL INTEEESTS. The records of the township are silent in regard to the early condition of the public schools, nothing of interest but a list of teachei's prior to 1840 being obtainable. This includes the names of Miss Barnes, H. L. Sill, C. Ruggles, R. Root, W. Johnson, D. Baldwin, M. Smith, Polly Allen, Betsey Predner, Mary Ann Sill, Laura Gould, Mary McCartney, Mariah Peck and L. Ruggles. In 1848 there were eleven districts in the township, having an aggregate of six hundred and sixty-two children of school age. The school fund amounted to $665.40. Thirty years later there were two fractional dis- tricts and eight sub-districts, in addition to the Union School of Bedford village. Not including the latter, the expenditure for school purposes were $3,441.56. Thirty-three weeks of school were maintained, and the aggregate enrollment was one hundred and ninety- ■ six boys and one hundred and seventy-five girls. The average attendance was nearly three hundred, all the scholars being engaged in the study of the common branches, except two. The average wages of the male teachers was $36.00; of female teachers, $16.50. There were eight school houses the value of which was set at $10,500. The most of them present an attractive appearance on the outside, and are com- fortably fitted up on the inside. In 1879 the board of education was composed of R. J. Hathaway (Dis- trict No. 4), president; W. S. Warner, clerk; Ozro Orborne, of District No. 1; A. J. Hansay, of No. 2; H. H. Cox, of No. 3; George Laing, of No. 5; P. B. McConnor, of No. 6; Leonard Hershey, of No. 7; S. S. Drake, of No. 8. BEDFOED TILLAGE UNION SCHOOL. The district was originally organized to embrace only the territory within the corporate limits of the village, hut in 1874 the bounds were extended so as to include all of lots thirty-six, thirty-seven, forty- four, forty-five, forty-six, fifty-three, fifty-four, fifty- five, fifty-six and parts of thirty-five, forty-seven, BEDFORD. 40& fllty-seven, 'sixty-five, sixty-six and sixty-seven. In 1873 the present school building was erected, under the direction of a board of education composed of Eobert Forbes, E. Moffatt and W. H. Wheelock, and was ready for occupancy in the early part of 1874. It is a very handsome edifice of brick, forty by fifty, six feet, two stories high, with basement, and cost $15,000. There are four rooms, but at present only three are occupied for school purposes. The schools were attended by two hundred and forty-one pupils in 1878, the average attendance being two hundred and five. Thirty-eight weeks of school were main- tained at a cost of nearly 11,600, under the principal- ship of R. C. Smith. Since 1877 the board of education has been com- posed of six persons. The present members are J. W. Derthwick, president; E". L. Hillard, secretary; Robert Forbes, treasurer; W. T. Wheelock, M. B. Dawson and J. F. Bently. EELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. Soon after 1830 several religious societies were formed in Bedford, which failed to maintain their or- ganization more than a few years. There being no church building in the place, a small framed meeting house was erected about this period by Mrs. Fanny Willis, which was the first place of worship of the several societies organized before 1841. The Disciples were the first to form a society that proved permanent. In May, 1830, Rev. E. Williams visited the village to preach, and for some time came every month thereafter. In Augiist Noel 0. Barnum was baptized by Mr. Williams, and in April, 1831, Enoch Allen and six others received the same lite. Preaching was continued by Rev. Messrs. Williams, William Hayden, J. J. Moss and others, and in December, 1833, was organized THE CHURCH OF CHRIST IN BEDFORD, with twenty members and the following ofiicers: Thos. Marble, overseer; Enoch Allen and George M. Payne, deacons. The following year these were under the min- istrations of the Rev. A. B. Green. In 1834 Rev. J. J. Moss became a resident of Bedford, and for five years taught and preached from house to house. In 1837 a great revival prevailed whereby thirty-two persons were added to the membership of the church. In 1835 Enoch Allen and Allen Robinette were elected overseers; Samuel Barnes, N. C. Barnum and W. W. Walker, deacons. The church has enjoyed numerous revivals; in 1843 receiving one hundred and six additions, and in 1848 fifty-four additions — among them being thirty persons who had formerly belonged to the Baptist church. In 1852, under the preaching of Rev. A. B. Green, one hundred and fifteen persons joined at one meeting. The aggregate membership has been very large, reach- ing nearly twenty-five hundred; and from the Bedford society have originated fifty churches in various parts of the country. At present there are three hundred 62 and twenty-five resident, and one hundred non-resi- dent members. Among those who have originated here as ministers were Irvin A. Searles, Theo. John- son, Burdette Goodale, Alonzo Dunham, J. P. Rob- inson, William Robinson, Charles F. Bartlett, Sidney Smith, and a number of others who expound the Word at home. The eldei's of the church have been, in the order of their election: Thomas Marble, Allen Robinette, Enoch Allen, Sidney Smith, James Young, C. F. Bartlett, R. S. Benedict, S. F. Lockwood, James Egbert,* W. H. Mill man, A. T. Hubbell, Alonzo Drake,* R. J. Hathaway,* Hiram Woods and A. 0. Hubbell; and the deacons have been Enoch Allen, George M. Payne, Samuel Barnes, N. C. Barnum, W. W. Walker, A. Gray, Charles F. Bartlett, George Comstock, Silvan F. Lockwood, Augustiu Collins, Silas A. Hathaway, Daniel Gould, N. P. Benedict, Lee Lord, J. S. Benedict, A. T. Hubbell, D. D. Rob- inson, N. A. Egbert, Augustus Rincar,* W. W. Wells, M. B. Dawson, J. W. Derthwick,* J. M. Eg- bert,* V. A. Taylor,* and Johnson McFarland.* In 1856 the church employed its first pastor (the ministers until that period having been evangelists), the Rev. J. 0. Beardsley, who afterwards became a foreign missionary. His successors in the pastoral office have been J. H. Jones, James H. Woods, A. B. Green, R. Moffit, W. L. Anderson, W. J. Sharp, S. W. Brown, L. Cooley, and E. D. Barclay the present pastor. The meeting-house was erected in 1838. It has since been much enlarged and improved, being at present a very handsome edifice the value of which is estimated at six thousand dollars. The present trustees are Alonzo Drake, V. A. Taylor, Johnson McFar- land, John Way, Milo Hathaway, F. R. Hamlin and S. J. Clark; E. A. Ennis is clerk of the board. Many years ago Dr. J. P. Robinson was the super- intendent of a flourishing Sunday-school, which has been continued with unabated interest until the present time. It has one hundred and twenty-five members, R. J. Hathaway being the superintendent. For nearly twenty years the board of managers of the Ohio Missionary Society were located at Bedford; Dr. J. P. Robinson being the chairman, and James Egbert, the treasurer. In later years the meetings have been held at Cleveland. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH IN BEDFORD. This religious body *as organized November 18, 1834, with the following members: Stephen Rusco, William Wing, Salome Rusco, Phebe Hotchkiss, Isabella Thomas, Silvan P. Lockwood, Ambrose K. Lockwood, Fanny Willis, Mary Robinson, Marinda Holcomb, Clarissa Dunham, Hannah Wing, Lucretia Hammond and John Hammond, by the Rev. S. R. Willard, who also became the first pastor. Stephen Rusco was elected the first clerk, and Silvan P. Lock- *Now serving. 410 THE TOWJSrSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. wood and John Hammond, the first deacons. In September, 1835, the church became connected with the Portage Association, sending as delegates the pastor, Eev. Mr. Willard, Deacon Hammond and Stephen Eusco. In 1836 John Hammond resigned his deaconship, and John Brainard was chosen in his place. The latter resigned in 1843, and George Morse, John Ham- mond and Newman Robinson were elected. Augustus Pease also served in this capacity. The present dea- cons are Newman Robinson and Daniel Cook. The second pastor of the church was the Rev. E. H. Holley, who assumed that relation in. February, 1842. The succeeding pastors, with the year in which each began his service, have been as follows: 1844, Rev. W. Levisse; 1846, Rev. W. G. Johnson; 1850, Rev. Mr. Simonds; 1851, A. Freeman; 1855, Rev. Alonzo Wadhams; 1857, Rev. E. A. Turner; 1859, Rev. Mr. Page; 1860, Rev. Mr. Heath; 1861, Eev. J. L. Phillips; 1864, Rev. Mr. Haven; 1866, Eev. J. B. Hutton; 1867, Eev. G. W. Scott; 1869, Eev. P. Tolhurst; 1875, Rev. Mr. Stephenson; 1876, Rev. S. Early, who yet continues as a supply, and is also su- perintendent of a Sunday school which has two hun- dred members. The chui'ch reports ninety-five mem- bers. In 1839 the present church edifice was erected, and on the 19th of February, 1840, it was consecrated by the Eev. Levi Tucker. It has since been repaired, and is still a comfortable place of worship. The present trustees are Geo. Cowan, Newman Eobinson and Frederick Harter. THE BEDFORD METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUEGH. About 1833 a class of Methodisbs was formed at Bedford, having among its members N. C. Haines, his wife, Eachel, and daughter, Polly; Benjamin Fitch and wife, Daniel Benedict and wife, and others who had formerly belonged to the Eeformed Metho- dists. Revs. N. 0. Haines and Baldwin, acting in the capacity of local preachers, were the first min- isters of the class, which did not increase very rapidly in membership. After ministers were sent here by the conference, the services were held in the Willis meeting house, which afterwards became the property of the Methodists, and was moved by them to its present location. In a remodeled condition it forms a pleasant place of worship, valued at $3,500. The present trustees are S. M. Hammond, Edward Cork- ill, A. M. Whitakcr, G. C. Tinker, J. W. Hickman and W. T. Wheelock. The church has at present about one hundred mem- bers, and the following stewards: G. 0. Tinker, J. R. Tudor, ^\. W. Corkill and A. J. Loockwood. The pastor since September, 1878, has been the Eev. A. T. Copeland. Among other Methodist clergy here were the Eevs. Alfred Bronson, S. Warrallo, Ira Eddy, L. D. Prosser, J. K. Hallock, W. P. Wilson, M. H. Bettis, W. French, A. Hall, J. H. Tagg, D. M. Stevens, W. P. Day, L. Clark, A. Poutz, Cyril Wilson, Michael Williams, C. P. Kingsbury, S. Gregg, B. J. Kennedy, B. C. Warner, A. M. Brown, B. P. Wade, J. Beetham and J. H. Merchant. A flourishing Sunday school is maintained by the church, with S. M. Hammond as superintendent. THE BEDFORD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The house of worship of this body was erected in 1861j by a congregation which had been formed pre- vious to that date by the Eevs. P. I. Brown and John Andrews, of the Wooster presbytery. There were sixteen members, and Milton A. Purdy and B. J. Wheelock were the first ruling elders. Before the meeting house was built, Eev. William Campbell be- came the first pastor, the services being held in Hutchinson hall and other places. He served the church in connection with that of Northfield, and the subsequent pastors were also in the employ of both churches. These were the Eev. William B. Marsh and the Eev. William Hamilton, D.D. After the latter confined his labors solely to the Northfield church, many of the members in the southern part of the township withdrew from the Bedford church and connected themselves with the former body. Others removed, and the church was left so weak that for the past six years the meeting house has been unoc- cupied. Other religious societies have had a brief existence at Bedford village and in the western part of the township, where a meeting house was erected on Dun- ham street, but all have now become extinct. BEDFORD LODGE NO. 375, F. AND A. M. This lodge received a dispensation October 17, 1866, and a year later was duly chartered with the following members: J. B. Hains, C. N. Hamlin, E. C. Smith, A. A. Benedict, W. H. Sawyer, Levi Case, Enoch Allen, A. J. Wells, J. J. Brittan S. S. Peck, L. C. Hains, Samuel Patrick, E. Cowles and H. H. Palmer. The officers were J. B. Hains, W. M. ; L. 0. Hains, J. W. ; S. S. Peck, secretary; B. P. Lillie, treasurer; E. J. Parke, J. D.; M. T. Canfield, S. D., and P. Mighton, tyler. The lodge has had one hun- dred and eleven members, and at present reports fifty-five. In 1874 the upper story of the town hall was fitted up for lodge purposes, at a cost of $1,500. The size of the main hall is thirty by thirty-six feet; the size of that and the banquet hall is thirty-six by seventy feet. The present officers are S. S. Peck, W. M.; S. H. Gleeson, S. W.; William Gelling, J. W.; E. H. Hammond, secretary; C. B. Marble, treasurer; J. C. Nelson, S. D.; William Klaner, J. D., and H. Conant, tyler. Hon. Theodore Breck is a descendant of the old Puri- tan families of New England, and boasts ancestors who were prominently identified with the early history of the State of Massachusetts. His father, John Breck, was a native of Northampton, Mass., and was, in company with his brothers, engaged at Boston in the importation of iron. He served in the army during the war of 1812, and was commander of the forces stationed at Fort Independence, Boston harbor. He was one of the original purchasers of the Western Reserve lands from the State of Connecticut, and upon its division among the different proprietors was allotted parts of townships in the various counties. In the town named after him in Cuyahoga County he originally held the title-deeds for one-half of its territory. He died in 1827. Theodore Breck's mother, Clarissa (who died in 1831), was the daughter of Rev. Thomas Allen, the first settled minister of Pittsfield, Mass. ; a man of strong and deep religious principles and very patriotic during the Revo- lutionary war. When Gen. Burgoyne was marching to invade Vermont, Mr. Allen heard of the approach of the British during the Sabbath service, and thereupon leaving his pulpit he hastily formed a company of Minute-Men, and hastened to the support of the Americans. His son, Wil- liam R. Allen, was president of Bowdoin and Dartmouth Colleges in the early part of the present century. Rev. Thomas Allen's wife, Elizabeth, was a daughter of Rev. Jonathan Lee, the first settled pastor at Salisbury, Mass. His wife, Elizabeth, was the child of Rev. Joseph Metcalf, who was united in 1707 to Alice, daughter of Rev. William Adams. The latter married, in 1680, Alice, daughter of Maj. William Bradford, who was the son of Governor Wil- liam and Alice (Southworth) Bradford. This shows that Theodore Breck is a lineal descendant of one of Massachu- setts' early colonial governors. John and Clarissa (Allen) Breck had a family of six children, of whom Theodore was the third son and child. He was born at Northampton, Mass., Nov. 30, 1808. Receiving an academical course of study, he spent his youth at educational institutions in Hadley and Amherst, Mass. After the death of his father, in company with his two sur- viving brothers, Edward and John, he moved West to look after the large landed interest left by their parent. He located at Brecksville in _1830, and became engaged in agricultural pursuits and in the mercantile trade, and later on became a notary public. His brothers finally settled in Brecksville, the elder engaging in the practice of medi- cine, the younger in farming. Mr. Breck was formerly a member of the old Whig party, but joined the Republican party upon its organization, and has since been an active and prominent worker in its ranks. He has been called to serve as county commissioner, 1843 to 1846 ; was appointed to fill the vacancy in the same board in 1875 ; was a member of the State Legisla- ture of 1846-48 ; member of the Senate of 1860-61, and represented his constituents in the 63d General Assembly of 1876-77. In all of his political positions he has given universal satisfaction and gained the respect of the people at large irrespective of party. Mr. Breck is a man ot medium height, and though over seventy years of age en- joys the best of health. Although never married, he is rightly called the father of the town of his adoption. His hand has always been ready to help, and his purse to al- leviate, the wants of the destitute orphan or the desolate widow, and though he has no posterity to transmit his name to future generations, it will remain green and live in the memory of the people of this county for many years to come. By his many acts of benevolence and kindness he has erected a monument that will long endure. BREOKSVILLB. 411 CHAPTER LXX. BBEOKSVILLE. Boundaries— First Proprietor— Soil-First Pioneers-A Garrisoned House —Rattlesnakes— Hinckley Hunt— Settlements on the River— At the Center— Up Chippewa Creek— In the North— Horse Stealing and Coun- terfeiting—Pioneers before 1826 — ^Prominent Men between 1826 and 1835— First Officers— Items from the Town Book— List of OfBcers— Town Hall— Tax of 1878— A Log Grist-Mill— Other Mills at the Center —Saw-Mills on the Chippewa— The old Fulling Mill— Tanneries and Distilleries— Village of Breoksville— Its Post OfBce— Stores and Hotels —Schools— First Congregational Church— Methodist Church. Breoksville is in the southernmost tier of town- ships in the county. The Cuyahoga river forms its eastern boundary, and beyond it lies the township of Northfield, in Summit county. On the south is the township of Richfield, also in Summit county; while on the west and north lie the townships of Royalton and Independence in Cuyahoga county. It received its name from Robert and John Breck, two of the proprietors, who owned it in common with Reuben Dresser, Lemuel and Asahel Pomeroy, Ebenezer Hunt, Asa White and Welch & Hinckley. The township contains seventeen thousand one hundred and fifty- six acres of land, the surface of which is broken by high hills and deep hollows in the eastern and cen- tral parts; but in the south and the west forms an elevated plain. It was originally covered with a heavy growth of timber, and in some localities a lib- eral supply of the common forest trees may yet be found. The soil varies from a stiff clay to a sandy loam and is most adapted to the raising of the various grains and grasses, the latter being the principal product. Dairying largely engages the attention of the people, although much mixed husbandry prevails. The principal stream, aside from the Cuyahoga, is Chip- pewa creek, with its tributary brooks. That creek flows east through the township, a little north of its center. It has a small but fertile valley and in some localities its banks form high and almost perpendicu- lar walls of shale, while in others the channel is an unbroken mass of sandstone, its banks being fringed with evergreens and tangle wood, which gives them a wild and picturesque appearance. It affords a lim- ited water power. PIOlirEER SETTLERS. Breoksville was surveyed in 1811 by Alfred Wolcott, Esq., and in June of that year the first settlement in the township was made, by Seth Paine and Mel- zar Clark, who came from Western Massachusetts. The former located on lot sixty-four, in the extreme southwestern part of the township, and died there before 1818. He had a family of two sons— Oliver N. and S. White — and two daughters. One of them, Almira, married Melzar Clark, who soon after re- moved to Royalton. After his death the widow mar- ried Henry Bangs of that township. At the breaking out of the war of 1812 the few in- habitants, for a time, kept up a little garrison at the house of Seth Paine, but as the rumors of Indian hostilities became more alarming most of the people fled to Hudson, where they remained until the danger was over. After the war only a few straggling In- dians were seen, and these soon abandoned the country, leaving the settlers in undisturbed posses- sion of their homes. These were of logs, often without a nail or board, and contained but the simplest furniture and house- hold utensils. A single article was often made to do service for cooking, baking and washing, and it is said that, in the absence of any other vessel, one of the pioneer mothers was obliged to milk her cow into a jug. Rattlesnakes were unusually abundant in the township, and would sometimes intrude themselves through the puncheon floors of the cabins of those living' near the Chippewa — as many as thirteen of those unpleasant reptiles having been killed in one place. Game, also, was very abundant. We have described the great Hinckley hunt on page sixty-six of the gen- eral history, but we add a few facts not known when that description was written. It originated at the house of Seth Paine, in this township, in December, 1818. A meeting was held and officers appointed; Cary Oakes being captain for Breoksville, John Ferris captain for Royalton, Judge John Newton for Rich- field, and 'Squire Freyer for Brunswick. As remem- bered in Breoksville, the number of deer killed was three hundred and sixty-five; of bears, seventeen; of wolves, five. These figures differ a little from those previously given, but either set shows a very good day's work. In 1811 another settlement was made in the north- eastern part of the township, by Benoni Brown and Samuel, Almon and Charles Wolcott; most of whom moved away at an early date, the former going to Bedford township. The following year Edward John- son, a native of Pennsylvania, located on the river, above the settlement just mentioned, rearing there six sons, named Andrew, Joseph, George, William, John and Thomas, some of whom yet live in the township. About the same time William Moody, Thomas Timmins and John Breen located in the same neighborhood. The latter lived at the mouth of the Chippewa and had four sons, named John, Jbseph, David and Cyrus. Andrew Dillon was also an early settler on the river. His sons growing to mature years were George, Peter and James. About the time the canal was built many deaths were caused in this locality by billions diseases. On the 1st day of January, 1813, Walter Wait and his brother-in-law expectant, Lemuel Bourne, built the third house in the township, near the present center, raising the walls that day and completing it soon after, without using any boards or nails. Al- though in midwinter, the weather was very pleasant, and they did not suffer in consequence of having to live several days without doors or windows to their cabin. Wait soon after moved away, but Bourne set- tled south of the center, where he resided until his death, in 1874, at the age of eighty-three years. He 413 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. had three sons, named William, Isaac and Rawson; and two daughters, named Harriet and Mary. The same season John Wait, Chester Wait and Benjamin Wait also settled in that part of the township. The last named was the first adult that died in the town- ship, and in 1813 the wife of John Wait became the mother of the first child — a son, who on reaching manhood moved to Michigan. About the same time Bolter Colson settled in the south part of the township, where he resided until 1878. He had five sons, Orrin, Chandler, Lyman, Thomas and Newton, the last two being still residents of the township. To the center of Brecksville came, in 1813, Lemuel Hoadley and Hosea Bradford, the former building there the first mill in the township, the following year. Bradford, who was a shoemaker, lived on the public square. Both removed to Olmstead in the course of eight or ten years. Up the Chippewa Bli and Abijah Bagley located the same year. The latter had two sons, named Russia and Nathaniel. John Adams, Ru- fus Newell and Aruna Phelps were also settlers of the township, about this period, in the Chippewa Valley. In 1813 Aaron Rice, with a large family, moved from Franklin county, Massachusetts, to the south- western part of the township. He had seven sons, named Silas, Aaron, Seth, William, Moses, Myron and Peter, and three daughters. His son-in-law, Bbenezer Rice, came soon after. The latter had three sons, named Dexter, Ebenezer and Aiken. Joseph and Oliver Edgarton came a year or two later. The former had a numerous family, the son^ being Joseph, Elias, Erastns, Oliver, and Onick and Austin (twins). Calvin, Cary and William Oakes came with their families by ox-teams from Massachusetts in 1816, the journey consuming forty-two days. Cary Oaks had five sons, named Caleb, Henry, Francis, Isaac and Cary. The sons of William Oakes were George and AVilliam. The same year came Josiah Wilcox and his sons Ebba, Ambrose and Orrin, also from Massachu- setts. Ebba Wilcox had a son named Freeborn. Ambrose died in 1834, leaving four sons, named Ed- win, Whitney, Miller and Charles. Orrin had one son named Josiah. , Asa Fenn lived in the same neighborhood, and also died in 1834. He had three sons, Arnon, Plympton and Learno. The same year died Aaron Barnes, an- other early settler in that neighborhood, who had two sons named Giles and Jesse. In the southern part of the township Lyman J. Frost was one of the earliest settlers, and a short time later John Pomeroy and Eli Osborn were added to the list of pioneers. In 1817 Jedediah Meach settled in the northern part of the township, and about the same time came Dan- iel O'Brian. Both moved away, but the following year Dr. Isaac M. Morgan came to that locality and resided there until his death. He had three sons, Charles, Harris and Consider. A son of the latter, Moses I., now occupies the homestead. Jacob Fuller and his sons Abel, Mathew, Calvin, Quartus, Willis and Sam- I uel, Warren Cole, George W. Marsh, and William, Samuel, Isaac and Abel Varney, were all early settlers in the northern and western part of the township. On the Warren Cole place, which is at present oc- cupied by Emmet Boyd, afterward lived G. B. Sper- ring, whose connection with a gang of horse thieves and counterfeiters made his place a resort of vicious characters, and a receptacle of stolen property at hours of the night when his more honest neighbors were asleep. At home Sperring maintained an eminent respectability, but he was at last suspected and ar- rested. While being taken to Cleveland he effected his escape to Canada. On his farm was discovered an underground stable for secreting stolen horses, and in the house were many evidences of the manu- facture of counterfeit money. West of this place Daniel Green settled about 1818, and lived there until his removal to Sandusky. He had three sons, named William G., John L. and Charles. A few years later Joseph Hollis, from St. Lawrence county. New York, settled in this neigh- borhood, but removed to Seneca county. He had two sons named Giles and George W., the latter be- ing at present a resident at the center. At this place in 1817 settled Joseph, Allen and Alexander Harrow; the latter being the father of Nathan, John and Alvah Darrow, all of whom moved away, though some are now living in adjoining townships. At a little later period Ezra Wyatt settled at the center, and purchased the interest of Lemuel Hoadly in the mill property. He had five sons, named Nathaniel, Eliphalet, Darius, James and Lorenzo, some of whom yet live in the county. Besides the foregoing there were among the pio- neei-s of Bi-ecksville, before 1826, David McCreary, Orrin Abbott, Joseph Burnham, Thomas Patrick, Andrew Benton, John Johnson, Chester Narmore, John Jenkins, Lewis Adams, Joab Rockwell, Thom- as Scott, Gersham Bostwick, Joseph McCreary, John G. Joslin, T. C. Stone, Isaac Packard, Elisha Tubbs, John Pomeroy, Darius Robinson, Johnson Patrick, John Guilford, Reuben Durfee, Alonzo Castle, Chauncey L. Young, William Breckenridge, John Randall, Robert Donaldson and Jonas Haynes. Among the prominent settlers who were in the town- ship before 1835, and' who have not already been named, were David Ring, Edward Rust, Augustus Adams, Joseph H. Breck, Theodore Breck, Moses Hunt, Verarms, Lester and Charles Dewey, John Day, Hugh Stephenson, John Dunbar, William Good- ell, James Foster, Thomas Sanderson Belah Norton, Martin Chittenden, Charles B. Bostwick, Edmund M. Bartlett, besides others whose names appear in the church history. CIVIL ORGANIZATION. The qualified voters of Brecksville met at the house of Eli Bagley, April 3, 1815, to choose township officers as follows: Trustees, Aaron Rice, Lemuel Hoadley, Edward ' -/// .////' ••- '/////////. MOSES HUNT. Moses Hunt was born in Stratford, Orange Co., Vt., Aug. 5, 1809, and was the youngest son of Moses and Judith (Roberts) Hunt, both of whom were natives of Vermont, the former being born in Hopkinton, Jan. 19, 1774, the latter at Stratford, July 31, 1773. In the winter of 1812 his father moved to Northampton, Mass., but being compelled to gain his livelihood by day labor, he was not able to give his children any educational advantages. During his childhood Moses was obliged to live out in various families of Hampshire County; but on arriving at the age of manhood, seeing no prospects of bettering his condition of life in the Eastern States, he made up his mind to emigrate to the West, and in 1833 settled in Brecksville, on a farm of one hundred acres. With no other capital except health, strength, and ambition he commenced the battle of life. The country at that time was a wilderness, and the pioneers had many obstacles to overcome, but Mr, Hunt, by energy, economy, and industry, prospered. He resides at present on his original purchase, which he has increased to one hundred and fifty acres, and has made farming his sole occupation in life. He was married. May 27, 1834, to Emeline, daughter of Charles B. and Cynthia Dewey, who were early comers to Brecksville, having removed from Chesterfield, Hampshire Co., Mass., to that town in 1834. Their daughter was born in Spring- field, Mass., Oct. 8, 1811. Mr. Hunt's parents settled in Brecksville in 1837. His father died Dec. 24, 1839, and is buried in the town ; his mother returned to Massachusetts, where she died in September, 1866, in her ninety-fourth year. The result of Moses Hunt's marriage was three children, one of whom died in childhood. Chauncey P. was born March 31, 1835, and has been twice married, the last time (Nov. 7, 1866) to Harriet S., daughter of Lemuel Bourn. Mr. Bourn was one of the early settlers of Brecks- ville, coming in 1810, prior to which date but one family had located there. Chauncey at present re- sides at home with his parents. Sarah Emeline was born Nov. 26, 1837 j is the wife of Louis T. Bust, a farmer of Brecksville, and has a family of three children. In politics Mr. Hunt is a Republican, and although often solicited by his fellow-citizens to occupy posi- tions in their gift, he has always declined political honors. Has been a member of the First Presby- terian Church of Brecksville for almost fifty years, and has held the office of deacon for about thirty years. Deacon Hunt is loved and respected by all. Though now advanced in years he enjoys the best of health, and it is the daily wish of friends and neighbors that he may be permitted to be among them for many years to come. BRECKSVILLB. 413 Johnson; clerk, John Wait; treasurer, John Adams; constable and lister, Ebenezer Rice; poormasters, Hosea Bradford, Aaron Eice; fence viewers, Eben- ezer Rice, Walter Wait, Hubert Baker; road super- visors, Lemuel Bourne, Hosea Bradford, Hubert Baker, Ebenezer Rice. Charles Wolcott had been elected constable but he refused to serve and was fined two dollars, which was applied toward paying for a township book, which had been purchased by Lemuel Hoadley for three dollars and seventy-five cents. We transcribe some further notes from the old township books, which may be interesting. In March, 1816, Seth Paine's heirs sold an estray ox for twenty-five dollars and seventy-five cents, charging the township twelve dollars for his keeping. The balance was turned over to the treasurer, who reported that he had settled the account of Lemuel Hoadley, and that there now remained unappropri- ated in the treasury, twelve dollars — a very good ex- hibit indeed. At an election held in October, 1815, to choose county officers, seventeen, votes were polled. In March, 1816, Aaron Rice, Eli Bagley and John Wait were chosen grand jurors; Silas Rice and Charles Wolcott, petit jurors. A week later the trus- tees had a meeting to settle with the road supervisors. They reported "that Hosea Bradford and Ebenezer Rice had done their duty, and that Lemuel Bourne and Hubert Baker were deficient." At an election for justice of the peace, held Febru- ary 17, 1817, John Wait received twenty- nine votes; Hosea Bradford, one; and Edward Johnson, one. In November, 1817, the overseers of the poor, Cal- vin Oakes and Aaron Rice, commanded Silas Rice, the constable "to order Hubert Baker to depart from the township of Brecksville without delay." He served the writ, receiving therefor thirty-seven and a half cents. Later that season and the following year as many as fifteen person were warned to depart from the township in order to prevent their becoming pub- lic charges. From 1815 to the present time (1879) the principal ofiicers of the township have been the following: 1816. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Lemuel Hoadley, Hesea Bradford; clerk, John Wait; treasurer, John Adams. 1817. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Lemuel Hoadley, Wm. Oakes; clerk, John Wait; treasurer, Hosea Bradford. 1818. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Bolter Colson, Wm. Oakes; clerk, John Wait; treasurer, Calvin Oakes. 1819. Trustees, John Jenkins, Isaac M. Morgan, Thomas Patrick; clerk, John Wait; treasurer. Alex. Darrow. 1880. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Isaac M. Morgan, Ebba Wilcox; clerk, Nathan B. Darrow; treasurer, Alex. Darrow. 1821. Trustees. Edward Johnson, Isaac M. Morgan, Ebba Wilcox; clerk, Nathan B. Darrow; treasurer, Edward Johnson. 1822. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Daniel Green, John Jenkins; clerk, Martin Chittenden; treasurer, Edward Johnson. 1823. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Daniel Green, Aaron Eice; clerk, John Wait; treasurer. Charles Wait. 1821. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Daniel Green, Aaron Rice; clerk, Isaac Packard ; treasurer, Martin Chittenden. 1825. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Daniel Green, Andrew Dillow; clerk, Nathan B. Darrow; treasurer, Martin Chittenden. 1828. Trustees, Aaron Rice, Daniel Green, Andrew DiUow; clerk, Johnson Patrick; treasurer, Martin Chittenden. 1827. Trustees, Edward Johnson, Daniel Green, William Oakes; clerk, Nathan B. Darrow; treasurer, Charles B. Bostwiok. 1828. Trustees, Andrew McCrary, Daniel Green, William Oakes; clerk, William Q. Green; treasurer, John Wait. 1829. Trustees, Andrew MoCrary, Aaron Barnes, Aaron Rice, Jr. ; clerk, William Breckenridge ; treasurer, Charles B. Bostwick. 1830. Trustees, Jacob Fuller, Aaron Barnes, Aaron Rice, Jr.; clerk, Wm. G. Green; treasurer, Chauncy L. Young. 18.31. Trustees, Isaac M. Morgan, Andrew Dil.ow, Aaron Rice, Jr. ; clerk, Wm. G. Green; treasurer, Chauncy L. Young. 1832. Trustees, Joseph McCrary, Thomas Patrick, Ebba Wilcox; clerk, Wm. G. Green; treasurer, Chauncy L. Young. 1833. Trustees Joseph McCrary, Edward Rust, Belah Norton; clerk, Wm. G. Green; treasurer, Chauncy Young. 1834. Trustees, Andrew Dillow, Ebba W ilcox, Aaron Rice, Jr. ; clerk, Charles Morgan; treasiu-er, Darius Robinson. 1835. Trustees, James S. Foster, Ebba Wilcox, Edmund M. Bartlett; clerk, Wm. G. Green; treasurer, Charles Morgan. 1836. Trustees, Isaac M. Morgan, Eli Osborne, Asa Fenn ; clerk, Wm. G. Green; treasurer, Theodore Breck. 1837. Trustees, Joseph Bardwell, Lemuel Bourne, Charles, Morgan; clerk, Theo. Breck; treasurer, Daniel Currier. 1838. Trustees, Aaron Rice, Jr., Russia Bayley, Charles Morgan; clerk, Theo. Breck; treasurer, Daniel Currier. 1839. Trustees, Aaron Rice, Jr., Wm. Burt, Charles Morgan ; clerk; Theo. Breck; treasurer, Joseph Bardwell. 1840. Trustees, Aaron Rice, Jr., Albert P. Teachout. Charles Morgan; clerk, George W. Oakes; treasurer, Joseph Bai'dwell. 1841. Trustees, Aaron Rice, Jr., Andrew Dillow, Charles Morgan, clerk, George W. Oakes; treasurer, Joseph Bardwell. 1842. Trustees, Ebba Wilcox. Samuel Wallace, Hugh Stevenson; clerk, A. J. Snow ; treasurer, C . L. Young. 1843. Trustees, John Fitzwater, Moses Hunt, Eliphalet Wyatt; clerk, Geo. W. Oakes; treasurer, Anson Dwight. 1844. Trustees, John Fitzwater, Moses Hunt, Cai-y Oakes; clerk, Geo. W. Oakes; treasurer, Anson Dwight. 1845. Trustees. C P. Rich, Lorenzo Wyatt, Cary Oakes; clerk, Geo. W. Oakes; treasurer, Anson Dwight. 1846. Trustees, C. P. Rich, Lorenzo Wyatt, I. H. Ballow; clerk, Geo W. Oakes; treasurer, Joseph Bardwell. 1847. Trustees, C. P. Rich, John Fitzwater. I. H. Ballow; clerk, Geo. W. Oakes; treasurer, Joseph Bardwell. 1848. Trustees, B. M. Bartlett, Edward Rush, Wm. Barr; clerk, Geo. W. Oakes; treasurer, John T. Mack. 1849. Trustees, C. B. Rich, John Fitzwater, Russ Snow; clerk, Geo. W. Oakes; treasurer, John T. Mack. 1860. Trustees, 0. B. Rich, John Fitzwater, Russ Snow; clerk, George W. Oakes; treasurer, John T. Mack. 1851. Trustees, C. B. Rich, John Fitzwater, I. H. Ballow; clerk, Geo. W. Oakes; treasui-er, C. C. Chapin, Jr. 1852. Trustees, C. B. Rich, John Fitzwater, Moses Hunt: clerk, Wm. W. Wright; treasurer, C. C. Chapin, Jr. 1863. Trustees, C. B. Rich, Aaron Rice, Moses Hunt; clerk, Wm. W Wright; treasurer, C. C. Chapin, Jr. 1854. Trustees, C. B. Rich, Aaron Rice, John Fitzwater; clerk, John Coates; treasurer, C. C. Chapin, Jr. 1855. Trustees, Theodore Breck, Moses Hunt, John Fitzwater; clerk, R. W. Fairchild ; treasurer, C. C. Chapin, Jr. 1858. Trustees, Theodore Breck, Mosts Hunt, John Fitzwatar; clerk James H. Coates; treasurer, C. C Chapin, Jr. 1867. Trustees, Theo. Breck, Orrin Miller, Peter Goodel; clerk, Geo. W. Oakes; treasurer, John S. Thomas. 1868. Trustees, Moses Hunt, Orrin Miller, Peter Goodel; clerk, George W. Oakes; treasurer, John S. Thomas. 1859. Trustees, Moses Hunt, John Fitzwater, Charles Bateman; clerk, Asa Reynolds; treasurer, J ohn S. Thomas, 1860. Trustees, Moses Hunt, Peter Dillow, Levi Booth, Jr.; clerk, E. H. Ely; treasurer, M. N. Young. 1861. Trustees, Moses Hunt, Peter Dillow, A. K. Skeels; cli'rk. Asa Reynolds; treasurer, M. N. Young. 1862. Trustees, Moses Hunt, Peter DiUow, O. W. Newcomb; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, M. N. Young. 1863. Trustees, Daniel Stocker, Peter Dillow, O. W. Newcomb; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, William Barr. 1864. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Fi-ancis Oakes, C. M. Allen; clerk, Chas. S. Burt: treasurer, J. H. Coates. 1865. Trustees, H. H. Snow, O. W". Newcomb, C. M. Allen; clerk, Chas. S. Burt; treasurer, J. H. Coates. 1866. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Peter Dillow, F. Oakes; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, J. H. Coates. 1867. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Peter Dillow, F. Oakes; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer. J. H. Coates. 1868. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Peter Dillow, Alonzo Watkins; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, J. H. Coates. 1869. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Emmet Boyd, Henry Ingham; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, Theodore Breck. 1870. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Emmet Boyd, Henry Ingham; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, Theodore Breck. 414 TI-IE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1871. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Moses I. Morgan, Julius White; clerk, Charles S. Burt ; treasurer, James H. Coates. 1873. Trustees, H. H. Snow, Moses I. Morgan, Julius White; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates. 1873. Trustees. Henry M. Oakes, Moses I. Morgan, Julius White; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates. 1874. Ti-ustees, L. F. Wyatt, L. E. Ring, Julius While; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates. 1875. Trustees, Andrew Butler, L. E. Ring, Ira Fitzwater; clerk, Chas. S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates. 1876. Ti ustees, Julius White, M. I. Morgan, Ira Fitzwater; clerk Chas, S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates. 1877. Trustees, Julius White, Lewis T. Rust, Ira Fitzwater; clerk Charles S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates. 1878. Trustees, Julius White, M. I. Morgan, Ira Fitzwater; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, James H. Coates. 1879. Trustees, Julius White, J. A. Fitzwater, Ira Fitzwater; clerk, Charles S. Burt; treasurer, H. E. Barnes. On the 29th of April, 1872, the Irigiskture em- powered the trustees of Brecksville to borrow money to build a town hall, and to issue the bonds of the township for the payment of the same. Under this act money was procured to build a very fine hall on the north side of the public square, at Brecksville Center. It is constructed of brick, with a shapely bel- fry, and was completed in 1874, at a cost of four thousand five hundred and twenty-two dollars. In 1878 the trustees of the township made the fol- lowing levies: For township purposes, Ihrce-tcnthsof a mill; for roads, one and one-fourth mills; iov grad- ing hills, two-tenths of a mill; forbridges, one-tenth of a mill; for a poor fund, four-tenths of a mill; and for a vault, one mill. The latter has been erected at the center, and the cemeteries controlled by the township indicate a careful attention. Brecksville has good roads, and the streams are well bridged. The Valley railroad will pass through the township and supply rapid communication; just across the river good shipping facilities are afforded by the canal. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. Owing to the limited water power, but little manu- facturing has been carried on in the township. The first machinery of any kind operated by water-power was in the loggrist mill, put up at the center by Lemuel Hoadley in 1813. The burr stones were of common granite, found in the woods near by, and may yet be seen near the site of the old mill. In 1820 Ezra Wyatt put up a famed gristmill at this point, and also built a sawmill. In the course of time Robert Pritchard supplied steam power. Only a grist- mill is operated there at present. It was built by the present proprietor, Thomas Dunbar, and is supplied with two runs of stone. Below this point, on the Chippewa, sawmills were built in former days, by Ambrose & Ebba Wilcox, by Young & Allen, and by Abbott & Bostwick! Above the center sawmills were also erected byRufus Newell and Samuel Varney. All have been discon- tinued. In the northern part of the township, on a small brook, John Randall built a. gristmill which is at present operated by Antoine Eckenfells. Near this place, on the west side of the State road, is a large building in which Jackson Janes once had a cloth-dressing establishment. Subsequently wooden ware was made there, but the building has long been unused. Tanneries have been carried on by Darius Robin- son, above the center; by Seward & Higgins, at that place, and by George Curtis, on the Spring brook, but these, too, have long since passed away. Joseph Edgarton and Ely Osborne had distilleries many years ago, and George Poote carried on the manufac- ture of buckskin mittens at the center. For the past eight years a cheese factory has been successfully op- erated there, and this and the mills at present con- stitute the only manufacturing interests of the town- ship. THE TILLAGE OF BRECKSVILLE. This is on the south bank of the Chippewa near the center of the township, and is sometimes called Brecksville Center. It is the only village in the township. It has a pleasant location, and contains the town hall, a very handsome school building, a Presbyterian and a Methodist church, a number of fine residences, and the stores, etc. noted below. T. J. Allen was the first postmaster of the Brecks- ville ofSce, which received at that time one mail per week. The successive postmasters have been Chaun- cey L. Young, Asa Reynolds and J. H. Coates. The office at present has three mails per week from Cleve- land, distant seventeen miles. Charles Morgan had the first store in the place, at the stand now occupied by J. H. Coates. The inter- , mediate merchants there were William Towsley, E. and T. Breck, Breck & Humphrey, and Ailing & Fail-child. The brick store was put up by Chauncey L. Young about 1857, and Young & Clark were the first to engage in the mercantile business. J. J. Barms is the present occupant of that stand. A drug store and a harness shop were opened in the same building several years ago by Chauncey Ells- worth, and are still carried on by him. The first public house was kept by Isaac Packard in a log building which stood on the site of the Presby- terian church. Ezra Wyatt also entertained travelers at his house near the mill. John Randall built the present tavern in 1839, but it was first used as a resi- dence. George N. Hollis has been an innkeeper there many years. Dr. Chester Wait was the first physician of the township, and was in practice from about 1813 until his removal to Brooklyn. Dr. Isaac M. Morgan came in 1818, and practiced until his death. In the same period Drs. Gibbs and Cleveland followed their pro- fession. Dr. Edward Buck was in practice many years before his death in 1859, and had a contempo- rary in Dr. William Knowlton. The latter was fol- lowed by his son, Augustus, and he in turn, by an- other son, the present Dr. William Knowlton. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The first school in the township was taught at the center by Oriana Paine, and was attended by children <^L U?~Tf.i^ ~r> Moses Mathews, a worthy son of old Vermont, was born at New Haven, Addison Co., Feb. 16, 1804, his parents being Joseph and Polly Mathews. His father was engaged in farming, and in that occupa- tion, in connection with bricklaying and plastering, Moses passed his early years. In 1823 he left his native State for Potsdam, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., but finally located at Madrid, in that county, where he purchased property. While a resident of St. Law- rence County he was married, June 23, 1824, to Miss Betsey Perry, a native of the town of his birth. She was born Feb. 4, 1805. In 1832 he became satisfied that he could improve his condition in life by emigrating West, and in that year he settled in the town of Parma, Cuyahoga Co., where he re- mained till 1838, when he removed to Brecksville, and purchased a farm of ninety acres. He has been successful in accumulating wealth, and is emphat- ically a self-made man. His landed property at one time amounted to two hundred and twenty-two acres, but he has made a partial distribution among his children, and now re- sides on one hundred and forty acres, a part of which was his original purchase. The result of his mar- riage was three sons, viz. : Henry, born May 16, 1825, who was a soldier in the late war, held the rank of first lieutenant, and died July 27, 1869 ; George, born Sept. 7, 1826, and now a farmer, re- siding in the town of Eoyalton ; Joseph, born Sept. 7, 1828, and now residing at Denver, Col. Losing his wife Feb. 24, 1870, Mr. Mathews was married again, June 18, 1871, to Miss Arasis A. Kannals, a native of Logan Co., Ohio. Politi- cally he has been a life-long Democrat, having cast his first presidential vote for Andrew Jackson. He is one of the oldest men in Brecksville, and, though nearly fourscore years of age, is as healthy and rugged as many a man in the prime of life. He is in truth a worthy example of the hardy pioneers who over- come the dangers and obstacles of frontier life. fiRECKSVlLLE. 415 from the Hoadley, Adams, Bradford and Wait fami- lies. Mrs. Benjamin Wait was also an early teacher there. In 1819 a good log building was put up in this locality for school and church purposes. In 1826 the township had three districts, No. 1 having thirty- seven householders; No. 3, twenty-five householders; and No. 3, twenty householders. These districts were soon after divided so as to provide schools in every neighborhood. The buildings were at first of logs, but as the country was developed these were super- seded by framed houses; and nearly all these, in turn, have given way to neat and comfortable brick edifices. The one at the center was erected in 1874, at a cost of $4,000, and is a model of architectural beauty. For its size it has no superior in the country. In 1878 the township reported nine buildings, val- ued at $13,000. Ten schools were maintained at an expense of $2,387.75. Twenty-eight weeks of school were taught by nine female and seven male teachers, whose average wages were $30.00 per month. The pupils enrolled numbered; of boys one hundred and eighty, of girls one hundred and twelve, and the aver- age attendance was eighty-three per cent. THE FIRST CONGEEGATIOlirAL (OR PRESBYTERIAN) CHURCH. In the summer of 1816 the Eev. Wm. Hanford, in the employ of the Connecticut Missionary Society, began preaching in Brecksville, and on the 13th of July organized the First Congregational Church of Brecksville, with sixteen members, namely: John Adams, Lemuel Hoadley, Chloe Hoadley, John Wait, Bolter Colson, Harriet Colson, Hannah Paine, Ly- man J. Frost, Oriana Frost, Zelpha Wait, Lucy Wil- cox, James Dickson, Mary Dickson, Joseph Eice, Orrin Wilcox and Abigail Wilcox. These elected Lyman J. Frost as the first clerk. No deacon was chosen until October 1, 1831, when Bolter Colson was ordained to that office; and the church had no regular pastor until 1840, when Rev. Newton Barrett was ordained and installed. The Eev. Wm. Hanford supplied the church until 1833, coming from Hudson every four weeks, and under his ministration the membership increased to forty-six. The next supply was the Eev. Isaac Shaler, who continued until 1839. For the next four years the Eev. J. H. Breck was the supply; but in 1833 he was succeeded by Eev. Joseph Pepoon, who remained until 1834. That year came Eev. Chester Chapin, and continued until 1837. On the 7th of April, 1840, the Eev. Newton Bar- rett was installed as pastor, and maintained that rela- tion until 1848. Since that time the pas';or and sup plies have been the following: 1848-53, Eev. W. S. Kennedy; 1853-4, Eev. Lucius Smith; 1855-8, Eev. C. B. Stevens; 1859-61, P. S. Hillyer; 1863-6, Eev. Thomas Towler; 1868-70, Eev. Hubbard Lawrence; 1871-4, Rev. G. C. Eeed; 1875-9, Eev. J. McK. Pit- tinger, and since May, 1879, Rev. John M. Davies. The first meetings were held at the house of Hosea Bradford, near the square. In 1819 a log school- house was built, on what was afterwards known as the Deacon Hannum place, which was used until the fall of 1 830, when a small framed house was built for a church, at a cost of $300. A better place of worship being demanded, the "First Congregational Society" w:as formed, under the laws of the State, on the 31st of June, 1834, to attend to the temporal affairs of the church. The first officers were Belah Norton, Wm. H. Judd and Wm. Breckenridge, trus- tees; William Oakes, secretary; Philip Gass, treas- urer; and Darius Lyman, collector. In addition to the foregoing the constitution was signed by Bolter Colson, Moses Hunt, Cary Oakes, E. M. Bartlett, Peter Goodell, Moses Boynton, Fran- cis Oakes, Augustus Adams, William Burt, Theodore Breck, Giles Kellogg, Otis Pomeroy, C. Hannum, Jason Jones, Edward Rust, John L. Thomas, and others. The present trustees of the society are L. T. Rust, 0. P. Foster, 0. P. Hunt, Michael Eudgers and B. Van Noate; L. B. Ring is the clerk, and J. H. Coates treasurer. In the fall of 1834 the meeting house was removed to a place near the present cemetery by a committee composed of Thomas Patrick, Jared Clark, Dorus Lyman, Daniel Currier and William Burt. Ten years later, work was begun on the present church edifice, under the direction of the following building committee: Augustus Adams, Cary Oakes, Theodore Breck, Joseph Bardwell and E. M. Bartlett. It was completed at a cost of about $3,000, and was dedi- cated October 30, 1844. Subsequent repairs have rendered the house comfortable and attractive, and together with the parsonage, erected in 1843, it con- stitutes a very good church property. In 1876 the church became Presbyterian in form, and so remains to this day. The present ruling elders are Henry Dunbar, Moses Hunt and Talcott Starr. The former is also clerk of the session. The church has a mem- bei'ship of one hundred and five, and since 1833 has regularly maintained a Sunday school, which at pres- ent has one hundred and thirty members. L. T. Rust is its superintendent. In 1866 Augustus Adams, a member of the church, donated $500 to the Ameri- can Tract Society, on condition that that body should furnish thirty dollars worth of books yearly to the Sunday school in question. A very good library is maintained. Some of the other religious denominations held public worship in the township at quite an early day, and some time after 1830 the Methodists organ- ized themselves into a class, the names of whose members, owing to the absence of records, cannot be here given. In 1836 the present meeting house at the center was erected, and has been the place of worship of the METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH of Brecksville, and some of the adjoining townships, ever since. It has lately been repaired, and is a com- 416 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CtJYAEOGA COUNTY. ^J. forfcable place of worship. Tiie trustees who control it are A. Watkins, A. C. Hitchcock, L. P. Wyatt and James Cleveland. The three first-named are also the stewards of the church. The society at Brecks- Yille has been connected with other Methodist stations in Eichfield and Royalton in forming a circuit, but at present is only connected with the church in the latter township. The circuit is supplied by the Rev. Moses B. Mead, of Baldwin University. The mem- bership of the church is small, numbering but sixteen persons. The cla.ss leader is L. Norvill. The Sun- day school has sixty members, A. C. Hitchcock being the superintendent. CHAPTER LXXI. BKOOKLTK. Boundaries and Soil— First Private Proprietors—" Granger Hill "—The First " Squatter "—The First Permanent Settler— Isaiah Fish, the First Child— Going Ten Miles to Work- Abundant Rattlesnakes- E. ^& M. Fish— The Oldest Inhabitant— The Brainards — A Fish and Brainard Settlement — First Framed House— An Avalanche of Emigration — More Brainards— Fears of Paupers— Trying to mortgage a Farm for Flour- First Settlers at Brighton— Some More Brainards— The Aikens— Other Settlers— Early Mills— Civil Orpanization— List of Ofilcers— Brooklyn Methodist Episcopal Church— First Congregational Church— Brighton Methodist Church— Church of the Lady>of the Sacred Heart — Disciple Congregation — Early Schools — Present Schools — Brooklyn Village Schools — West Cleveland Schools — Brooklyn Academy — Brighton Academy — Brighton Village— Brooklyn Village— Its Officers- West Cleveland — Its Officers- Industrial School Farm— Linndale— Ceme- teries— Post Offices— Cleveland Dryer Company— Lake Erie Dryer Company— Other Manufactures — Nurseries— Eailways—Glenn Lodge I. O. O. F.— Glenn Encampment — Brooklyn Lodge F. & A. M.— Militia Companies— Brooklyn Hook and Ladder Company. Brooklyn" township, which joins the city of Cleve- land on the west and south, is a part of range thirteen, in which it is township number seven. It included originally all that part of the territory of the city of Cleveland lying on the west side of the Cuyahoga river, which, along with what now comprises Brooklyn, was set ofi from Cleveland township to form the township of Brooklyn. Brooklyn's boundaries are the city of Cleveland and Lake Erie on the north, the townships of Parma and Independence on the south, the city of Cleveland and Newburg township on the east, and the township of Rockport on the west. It contains four villages, Brooklyn, "West Cleveland, Brighton and Linndale, of which the former two are incorporated. The Cuyahoga river skirts the eastern part of the township on the east, and separates it from Newburg. Its other water courses are unimportant creeks, which, though once valuable as mill streams, are now of nc use for that purpose. The land is generally fertile and farms are valuable, especially near the Cleveland line, where attention is given to the cultivation o; fruit and garden products; the former industry beinr profitably followed near the lake shore, and the latte: near Brooklyn village. In the division of the Western Reserve, as narratet'. in the general history, the greater part of Brooklyn, including the present West Side of Cleveland, fell t( Richard and Samuel Lord tmd .Josiah Barber, fron. one or the other, or all, of whom the early settlers purchased their farms. EABLT SETTLEMENT. A grassy slope overlooking the Cuyahoga river from Riverside cemetery, and known to this day as ' Granger Hill," is the spot where the territory subse- quently occupied by the township of Brooklyn received its first white settler. Granger was a "squatter" from Canada, but when he squatted upon his Brooklyn land is not exactly known. He was there, at all events, in May, 1813, when James Fish entered what is now Brooklyn township, as the first of the perma- nent white settlers of that territory. Granger had with him his son, Samuel, and the two remained until 1815, when they sold their improvements to Asa Brainard and migrated to the Maumee country. James Eish, above mentioned, had been a resident of Groton, Connecticut, and, having purchased a piece of land of Lord & Barber in the present township of Brooklyn, he set out from Groton in the summer of 1811 with an ox-team and a lumber wagon, in which rode himself, his three children, his wife and her mother. He journeyed west in company with a large party of pioneers, but the only ones besides himself destined for Brooklyn were his two cousins, Moses and Ebenezer Fish — the latter of whom made the en- tire trip on foot. Arriving at Cleveland early in the autumn, after forty-seven days on the road, James Fish decided to pass the winter in Newburg, while Ebenezer and Moses remained in Cleveland. Early in the spring of 1813 James went over from Newburg alone and put up a log-house that cost him just eighteen dollars, and in May of that year he took his family to their new home. Their log cabin was, of course, a rude structure, and its furniture was in keeping with the house. The bedstead — for there was only one at first — was manufactured by the head of the family, and was composed of roughly hewn pieces of wood, fastened with wooden pins, and having in lieu of a bed cord a net work made of strips of bark. This bedstead is still in the possession of Isaiah W., a son of James Fish, who resides in Brooklyn village upon the place originally occupied by his father. Isaiah W. Fish, just mentioned, was born in Brooklyn, May 9, 1814, and was the first white child born in the new settlement. James Fish began at once to clear his land, but while waiting for a crop his family must needs have something to eat. Mr. Fish had noncash, and so he used to go over to Newburg two or three times a week, and work there at farming for fifty cents a day. Thus he managed to reach the harvest season, when from the first fruits of his land he secured a little money. It is, however, a question whether he could have carried his family through the winter, had it not been for the assistance of his wife, who to her other duties added that of weaving coverlids, by which she earned a -goodly sum, and in which she became so ^c^-U.^^ ^^ ^^^ The first known ancestor of Tsaiah "W. Pish was John Pish, who is supposed to have emigrated from England and settled at Mystic, in Groton, Conn. His son was Capt. Samuel Pish, and his son was also Samuel Pish. The son of the lat- ter was Capt. John Pish, and his son was Joseph Pish, grandfather of Isaiah W. The first person who settled in what is now the village of Prooklyn was James Pish, father of the subject of this sketch, who came from Connecticut in the year 1811, being forty-seven ^ays on the road. He was a native of Connecticut, having been born in Groton, in June, 1783. In 1812 he built a log hut, on the site of which stands a handsome farm-house now occupied by his son, Isaiah W. At the time of his settle- ment, being in straightened circumstances, he was obliged to walk to Newburg, a distance of five miles, daily, where he worked days' work, receiving in payment for the same sundry provisions at the rate of fifty cents per day. Some time after- wards he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, but not being able to pay the taxes on the same, though small, he sold all but fifty acres to Aziah Brainurd. Subsequently he took up eighty acres one mile north of his first purchase. It is re- lated that during the progress of the battle of Lake Brie he was at work cutting logs, and the distant roar of cannon could be dis- tinctly heard. Thinking of how they would lose their hard- earned homesteads should victory be on the side of the English, he became so nervous that he quit work and entered the cabin, where the " women folks" were assembled. They knew nothing of the desperate combat that was being carried on so close to them, and exclaimed: "How ft do thunder!" " Yes," replied Mr. Pish, " but it is home-made thunder." Mr. Pish lived to the extreme age of ninety-two years, his death occurring in September, 1875. He had shared all the privations and dangers of the first pioneers, and lived to witness the wonderful growth and development of the country which he had found an unbroken wilderness. As a citizen he was quiet, sober, and industrious, working for the good of his family and the community in which he lived, but shrinking from public notice. He was an earnest Christian, and for thirty years a member of the Methodist Church. In 1805 he married Mary Wilcox, daughter of Elisha Wilcox, of Stonington, Conn. They had eight children, namely, — Mary, James, Elisha, Sally, Isaiah W., Lydia K., Joseph L., and John P. The first four were born in Connecticut ; the fifth, Isaiah W., was the first white person born in Brooklyn, his birth occurring on the 9th of May, 1814. His early life was mostly spent in working on his father's farm. He re- ceived but a limited education. February, 1837, he married Matilda Gates, daughter of Jeremiah Gates, of Brooklyn. He then engaged in farming in partnership with his father, with whom he resided until the death of the latter. He has been prominently connected with the religious, civil, and educational interests of the town. Por fifty-two years he has been a member of the Methodist Church, and has labored actively in the cause of Christianity. For a period of twenty-three years he has been a regularly ordained minister, and has preached the gospel without receiving any pecuniary compensation, his services being freely given. He has also been for many years a teacher in the Sunday-schools. Has been president of the school board for four years, and has always been active in the sup- port of schools and of charitable institutions. In politics he is a Eepublican, and, although he has never sought political preferment, he has been elected to various local ofllces of trust, the duties of which he has discharged with uniform ability. The result of his first marriage was three children, — Lucy A., Charles, and Buell B. Mrs. Pish died in February, 1850. He was again married, on the 5th of July, 1850, to Mary A. More, of East Cleveland, by whom he has two daughters, Mary M. and Louisa S. ; also one son, James, deceased. BROOKLYN. 417 celebrated that she found the demand far beyond her power to supply. When Mr. Pish set out for Newburg on his peri- odical journeys, he left his family the sole occupants of a wilderness in which there were no residents nearer than Cleveland, and, knowing full well their fears and the good reasons for them, he returned to them faith- fully each night, albeit, his trips were always made on foot, and covered ten long miles. Such trips, too, he frequently made on subsequent occasions, when, needing flour or meal, he would shoulder a two bushel bag full of corn, trudge to the Newburg mill, and get back with his meal the same day. Mr. Pish was a great hunter and slayer of rattle- snakes, which were found in immense numbers, and occasionally reared their ugly fronts through open- ings in the rude floors of the settlers' cabins. It is told of one of Mr. Pisli's farm hands in the early days, that on narrowly escaping the attack of a rattlesnake he joyously and thankfully exclaimed: "What a smart idea it was in God Almighty to put bells on them things!" Mr. Pish lived a useful and honored life in Brooklyn, saw cities and villages rise where once he trode the pathless forest, and at the age of ninety-three passed away from earth, on the old homestead, in September, 1875, his wife having pro- ceeded him twenty-one years. Ebenezer and Moses Pish, who have already been mentioned as spending the winter of 1811-13 in Cleveland, followed James Pish to Brooklyn in the spring of 1812, and settled upon eighty acres lying just south of James Pish's place— Ebenezer locating on the north side of what is known as Newburg street, and Moses on the south side. Neither was then married, but, as both expected to be, they worked with a will to prepare their land for cultiva- tion, both living in a log shanty on Ebenezer's land. Ebenezer was one of the militiamen who guarded Omic, the Indian murderer who was hung in Cleve- land in June, 1813, as related in the general history. Both also served a few months in the forces called out to guard the frontier during the first year of the war of 1813. Returning to their clearings, they vig- orously renewed their pioneer life. Moses was drafted into the military service, but he was far from being strong, and therefore Ebenezer went in his stead, serv- ing six months and taking part in an engagement at Mackinaw Island. After the war closed Ebenezer returned to Connecti- cut, where he was married and where he remained six years before resuming his residence in Brooklyn. There Mr. Pish has ever since lived, and in his ninety- third year is still a dweller upon his old homestead; the only one now living of the little band of pioneers who began the settlement of Brooklyn. Of the children of Moses Pish, Ozias and Lorenzo reside in Brooklyn, while others are in the far West. Following the Pish families in 1813 came Ozias Brainard, of Connecticut, with four grown daughters and four sons, Ozias, Jr., Timothy, Ira and Bethuel, 53 of whom Ozias, Jr., and Ira had families. They set- tled on the Newburg road, near where Brooklyn vil- lage now is, on adjoining places, and all resided in Brooklyn during the remainder of their lives. David S. Brainard, a son of Ozias, Jr., now resides in Cleve- land near the county infirmary. At this time, as will have been observed, Brooklyn township was peopled exclusively by Pishes and Brainards, and it used to be a common story in Cleveland that "the visitor to Brooklyn might be certain that the first man he'd meet would be a Pish or a Brainard." Ozias Brainard, Jr., put up the first framed dwell- ing in Brooklyn, on the place now occupied by his son David, and Asa Brainard raised the first framed barn, which is still in use on the farm of Carlos Jones, the erection of which, in 1818 or before, was the occasion of a hilarious celebration. Asa Brainard also built the first brick house in the old township of Brooklyn at what is now the junction of Columbus and Scranton avenues, where he opened the first public tavern in that township, about 1835. The autumn of 1814 witnessed a large and import- ant accession to the little settlement when six families, comprising forty persons, came thither from Connec- ticut within a week; thirty-one of them landing within the same hour. These were the families of Isaac Hinckley, Asa Brainard, Elijah Young, Stephen Brainard, Enos Brainard and Warren Brainard, all of whom had been residents of Chatham, Middlesex county, Connecticut. All exchanged their farms there with Lord & Barber for land in "New Oonnec- ticnt," and all set out for that unknown land on the same day. The train consisted of six wagons, drawn by hen horses and six oxen, and all journeyed together until Euclid was reached (forty days after leaving Chatham), where Isaac Hinckley and his family rested, leaving the others to push on to Brook- lyn, whither he followed them within a week. It appears that the trustees of the township of Cleveland— to which the territory of Brooklyn then belonged — became alarmed at the avalanche of emi- grants just described, and concluding .that they were a band of paupers, for whose support the township would be taxed, started a constable across the river to warn the invaders out of town. Alonzo Carter, a resident of Cleveland, heard of the move, and stop- ped it by endorsing the good standing of the new- comers—adding that the alleged paupers were worth more money than all the trustees of Cleveland com- bined. Isaac Hinckley settled in the southeast on lot seventy-nine, near where the line between Parma and Independence intersects the south line of Brooklyn, in the heart of a tliick forest, " a mile from anybody " as his son, Abel, now says. The first table the family used there was made by Mr. Hinckley out of an ash tree. Moreover, although he owned three hundred and sixty acres of laud, he had no money to buy flour, and, being in great need of breadstuffs, he offered to mortgage a hundred acres of land as security for a 418 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COtJNTY. barrel of flour. The Newburg miller, however, pre- ferred the flour to the chance of getting the land, for the former would bring money more readily than the latter. Nevertheless something to eat was procured in some way, for Mr. Hinckley lived on the old place until 1851, when he died at the age of seventy- eight. Asa Brainard located near the site of the infirmary, Stephen Brainard on a place adjoining Mr. Abel Hinckley's present residence in Brooklyn village, and Enos and Warren Brainard near where the Wade House (on Columbus street) now stands. The first settlers upon what is now known as the Brighton side of the creek were also Brainard s. Two brothers, Amos and Jedediah, with a cousin named Jabin, started with their families from Connecticut and traveled westward together as far as Ashtabula, where Jedediah, an old man of seventy, fell ill (in consequence, doubtless, of having walked all the way from Connecticut) and died. Sylvanus, his eldest son, who had a family of his own, took charge of his mother and her children, and, with Amos and Jede- diah, continued the trip to Brooklyn, where they arrived in the summer of 1814. Amos located about a mile south of what is now Brighton village, where he owned three hundred acres of land. Sylvanus and Jabin settled near by. Amos had three sons and one daughter, Amos B., William, Demas and Philena — all of wliom save Demas died m the township. Demas is now a hale old man of eighty-eight, and resides on a farm a mile south- east of Brighton — the place which he made his home in 1818. George and Thomas Aikens, brothers of Mrs. Amos Brainard, had preceded tliat gentleman by a year or more, and had taken up land on the Brighton side, but the Aikens family did not occupy it until some time afterward. This land Amos Brainard culti- vated for the Aikens, and on that farm, by Demas Brainard, the first ground was broken on the south side of the creek. Cyril and Irad, sons of George Aikens, lived on the place after a time. Cyril died there and Irad in Black Eiver, whither he moved at an early day. George and Thomas Aikens resided on the Brooklyn side, near the site of the infirmary, where George Aikens, the grandson of the former George, now resides. One of the stirring citizens of early Brooklyn was Diodate Clark, of Connecticut, who settled in the township in 1815, and was afterward a man of some prominence in its history. He was the first male school teacher in Brooklyn, and was a wide-awake business man. He eventually became concerned in large enterprises in Cleveland, where it is said he was the first to engage m the lime trade. He died on his old homestead in 1877. James Sears, of Connecticut, settled in Brooklyn in 1817, and still lives — now aged eighty — upon a farm two miles west of Brooklyn village. He worked at first in Cleveland, and boarded with Asa Brainard. After a time he took up a farm and has lived upon it ever since. Jeremiah Gates, originally from Connecticut, made his home in Delhi, New York, in 1815, and in 1816 walked from that place to Brooklyn for the purpose of examining the country. Satisfied with its appear- ance he walked back to Delhi (having occupied six weeks in the entire journey), married there, and in company with his wife, his brother Nathaniel, and another man (who soon returned east) set out for Brooklyn. A horse and wagon conveyed them to Buffalo, where they took a vessel and thus made their way to Cleveland. Jeremiah was too poor to buy land, and for the first two years after his arrival in Brooklyn worked in Philo Scovill's sawmill. In 1819 he assisted his brother Nathaniel in the erection of a sawmill at what is known as five-mile lock. In 1830 he bought a farm in Brooklyn and there continued to reside until his death, in 1870. His widow survives him, and lives on the old place, in Brighton village, aged eighty-five. Kichard and Samuel Lord and Josiah Barber, of the firm of Lord and Barber before mentioned, removed to that part of Brooklyn which is now the west side of Cleveland as early as. 1818, and resided there until they died. Edwin Foote was among the early resi- dents of Brooklyn, as was his brother William, who remained but a short time, however, before removing to Cleveland. Edwin settled on lot ninety, in the southeast corner of the township, and devoted himself to farming and gardening, in which latter occupation he was especially successful. Ansel P. Smith, who set up the first wagon shop in Brooklyn, came out from Connecticut, in 1830, with his brother-in-law, Timothy Standard, an old sea cap- tain, and together they opened a store in Brooklyn village, the first one in that locality. After an expe- rience of five years they gave up the venture — Smith going west and Standard back to Connecticut. After that, there was not much done in the mercantile line in Brooklyn village until 1843, when A. W. Poe opened a store and conducted it successfully for thirty years. A Mr. Huntington, from Connecticut, opened a store in Brighton in 1840, where John Thorne, a Frenchman, had previously started a blacksmith shop. Epaphroditus Ackley, a miller, settled on Walworth run in 1814, woi-ked a while in Barber's mill, and moved away after a residence of some years. Asa Ackley, of New York, located at a later period near where the infirmary now stands, and opened the first blacksmith shop on the Brooklyn side. In the foregoing sketch of Brooklyn's early settle- ment it has been the aim of the chronicler to treat principally of such incidents and persons as were iden- tified with the first decade of the township's his"tory. After that, settlers multiplied so rapidly that the newcomers obtained no distinctive place in the records of the time. Those who lead the van in the settle- ment of a new country usually form but a handful, whose numbers may be easily counted, and whose BROOKLYN. 419 progress may be easily traced; and they, too, are the ones around whom settles the peculiar interest which always attaches to the " pioneers " of a locality. Brooklyn, being adjacent to Cleveland, shared to some extent the prosperity of that city, and its pro- gress, after about 1825, was quite rapid. Although shorn of a large part of its original territory, by the annexation of Ohio City to Cleveland in 1854, and by subsequent minor encroachments, it is still numerously populated, and is not only a prosperous but a quite wealthy township. EAELT MILLS. The first sawmill put up in Brooklyn township was erected by Philo Scovill, of Cleveland, in 1817, on Mill creek, about two miles west of where Brooklyn village now is. Mr. Scovill not only furnished lumber to the early settlers, but also made window sashes and doors. Lord & Barber (the great land proprietors,) put up a similar mill there not long afterward, and about the same time a third sawmill was built on the same creek by Warren and Gershom Young. In 1819 Nathaniel Gates built a sawmill on the creek, at what is known as five-mile lock. The first gristmill in the old township is supposed to have been built by one of the Kelleys, of Cleveland, on Walworth run, near where the Atlantic and Great Western railroad now crosses that stream. The next one, kuown as Barber's mill, built in 1816, was run by Elijah Young for a while, and stood about a half a mile above Kelley's. There were some other estab- lishments on Walworth run, but they do not concern the history of the present township of Brooklyn. OEGANIZATION. Brooklyn township was organized June 1, 1818, and embraced originally " all that part of Cleveland situated on the west side of the Cuyahoga river, ex- cepting a farm owned by Alfred Kelley." Since then a large portion of its territory has been restored to Cleveland. It is said that when the township was about to be organized Captain Ozias Brainard was anxious to call it Egypt "beciiuse so much corn was raised there," but the idea met with no favor, and the name of Brooklyn was adopted because it sounded well, and not from any desire to honor the place of that name in New York, since nearly all of the early settlers came from Connecticut. The first book of township records was destroyed by fire, and the list of town- ship officers here given dates necessarily from 1837. Since that time those officers, with the years of their election, have been as follows: TRUSTEES. 1837, Samuel H. Barstow, Diodate Clark, William Allen; 183(i, S. H, Barstow, William Allen, Samuel Tyler; 1839, William Burton, Martin Kellogg, Russell Pelton; lii40, Martin Kellogg, Russell Pelton, William Burton; 1841, Jonathan Fish, Russell Pelton, Mai tin Kellogg; 1842, Mar- tin Kellogg, Jonathan Fish, Benjamin Sawtell; 1843, Ezra Honeywell, William Hartness, Philo Rowley; 1844. Morris Jackson, Ezra Honey- well, Philo Rowley; 1845, Samuel Tyler, Samuel Storer, Levi Lookwood; 1846, Samuel Storer, E. C. Selden, Levi Lookwood; 1847, R. 0. Selden, Samuel Storer, Philo' Rowley; 1848, Martin Kellogg, Benjamin Sawtell, Seth Brainard; 1849, James Sears, Benjamin Sawtell, Ambrose Anthony; 1850, James Sears, Francis Branch, Ambrose Anthony. 1851, Ambrose Anthony, James Sears. Francis Branch; 1852, Francis Branch, Ambrose Anthony, James Sears; 1853, Ambrose Anthony, James Sears, Francis Branch; 1854, John Morrill, James Sears, Homer Strong; 1855, Clark S. Gates, John Goes, James Sears; 1856, David S. Brainard, Martin Kellogg, John L. Johnson; 1857, D. S. Brainard, Alfred Kellogg, J. L. Johnson; 1858, C. L. Gates, Alfred Kellogg, James Sears; 1859, Alfred Kellogg, James Sears, John Reeve; 1860, James Sears, John Reeve, Alfred Kellogg. 1861, Francis S. Pelton, John Reeve, Martin K. Rowley; 1863, Thomas James, James W. Day, M. K. Rowley; 1853, Joseph Marmann, Alfred Kellogg, Levi Fish; 1864, Alfred Kellogg, Levi Fish, William Lehr (re- signed in November, and James Sears appointed. The latter resigned in December, and Francis S. Pelton was appointed). 1865, Jacob Siringer, F. S. Pelton, John Ross; 1866, Jacob Siringer, John Ross, Jacob Hum; 1867, Jacob Siringer, John Ross, Marcus Dennerlie; 1868, Jefferson Fish, Samuel Sears, Bethuel Fish; 1869, Jefferson Fish. Samuel Sears, David S. Brainard ; 1870, Jefferson Fish, John Myers, Samuel Sears. 1871, Robert Curtiss, John Meyer, Daniel W. Hoyt; 1872, John Meyer, Erhart Wooster, Robert Curtiss; 1873, Erhart Wooster, J. C. Wait, Car- ter Stiokney; 1874, Robert Curtiss, D. W. Hoyt, J. C. Wait; 1875, John Williams, John Schmehl, William S. Curtiss; 1876, John Williams, Charles E. Terrell, Seymour Trowbridge; 1877, C. E. Terrell, Seymour Trowbridge, Charles Miller ; 1878, Sanf ord R. Brainard, William Thomas, Francis H. Chester; 1879, William Thomas, S. R. Brainard, Charles Miller. CLERKS. 1837, C. L. Russell; 1838 and 1839, Samuel H. Fox; 1840 '41 and '42, Francis Fuller; 1843 and 1844, John H. Sargeant; (In September, 1844, Sargeant removed, and George L. Chapman was appointed.) 1845, Charles Winslow; 1846 to 1854, inclusive, C. E. Hill; 1855, F. W. Pelton; (Resigned in July, and C. E. Hill appointed.) 1856, BoUes M. Brainard; (Died in August, and Charles H. Babcock appointed.) 1857, C. H. Bab- cock; 1858, Frederick Dalton; 1858, Joseph B. Shuil; 1860 and 1861, Charles H. Babcock; 1862 and 1863, HenrylFish; 1864, F. H. Chester; 1865 and 1866, Frederick W. Wirth; 1867, F. H. Chester; 1868 and 1869, Edwin Chester; 1870, Edward F. Fuller; 1871, B. J. Ross; 1872 to 1877, inclusive, William Treat; 1878 and 1879, Charles N. CoUms. TREASURERS. 1837, Ozias Brainard; 18.38, C. E. Hill; 1839, Ozias Brainard; 1840 James Ray (Resigned in November, and C. E. Hill appointed.) 1841 and 1842, C. E. Hill; 1843 and 1844, David S. Brainard; 1845, Bethuel Fish; 1846 and 1847, D. S. Brainard; 1848 and 1849, Bethuel Fish; 1850, Francis Fuller; (Died in August, and Bethuel Fish appointed.) 1851, Elihu Cor, bin; 1852 to 1854, inclusive, S. J. Lewis; 1855 to 1857, inclusive, William Wilson; 1858 to 1860, inclusive, Carlos Jones; 1861, Benj. R. Beavis; 1862, D. S. Brainard; 1863 and 1864, Ozias Fish; 1865 and 1866, F. H. Chester; 1867 to 1869, inclusive, Jacob Schneider; 1870 and 1871 Carver Stickney; 1872, John Duncan; (Died in April, and George J Duncan appointed.) 1873 to 1875, inclusive, G. J. Duncan; (Removed in November, and F. H. Chester appointed.) 1876 and 1877, F. H. Chester; 1878 and 1879, Russell A. Brown. JUSTICES OP THE PEACE. 1836, George W. Marsh; 1837, C. L. Russell, William Burton; 1838, Ben- jamin Doud, Heman A. Hurlbut; 1840, C. L. Russell; 1841, Benj. Doud, Samuel Tyler; 1842, Scott W. Sayles; 1843, J. H. Sargent; 1844, Benjamin Sawtell; 1845, Andrew White, Ezra R. Benton, Henry L. Whitman; 1847 Homer Strong, Samuel Storer; 1848, H. L. Whitman ; 1850, Homer Strong, J. A. Eedington, Samuel Storer; 1852, Ezra Honeywell, Wells Porter; 1863,' Charles H. Babcock; 1855, Austin M. Case, Daniel Stephan; 1856, Chas. H. Babcock; 1857, Felix Nicola; 1859, Chas. H. Babcock; 1860, Felix Nicola; 1862, Chas. H. Babcock; 1863, Fehx Nicola (resigned in De- cember, 1864); 1865, Benjamin R. Beavis, John Reeve; 1868, Chas. H. Babcock, John S. Fish; 1871, Joseph M. Poe, Chas. H, Babcock; 1872, Ambrose Anthony; 1874, Chas. H. Babcock, (resigned in October, 1874,) William Treat; 1875, Ambrose Anthony; 1877, William Treat, Charles N. Collins; 1878, Ambrose Anthony; 1879, C. N. Collins and W. Treat. CHURCHES. According to the best recollection of Brooklyn's early settlers, the first religious services in the town- ship were held by a traveling Univeralist preacher whose name has been forgotten. He preached the funeral sermon of the mother of James Fish in 1816, and preached twice in Brooklyn after that event. About that time Rev. Messrs. Booth and Goddard, Methodist circuit riders, preached in Brooklyn, and under the auspices of the latter, about 1817, THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF BROOKLYN was organized in a log house which stood in the rear of the site of the present Methodist Episcopal Church 420 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. and which was used as a town house and a place of worship for both the Methodists and the Congrega- tionalists. The first Methodist Episcopal class, however, had already been formed in 1814 at the house of Ozias Brainard, where the Methodists used to assemble for weekly prayer and conversation, before the coming of any minister. Ebenezer Pish, Sylvanus Brainard and Seth Brainard were the first three members of the class, which, however, was shortly increased to six- teen. Ebenezer Fish was the first class leader, and when it was agreed to divide the class into two sec- tions — a part, meeting on the north, and a part on the south side of the ereek — Seth Brainard was chosen as the second class leader. The first presiding elder was Charles Waddell, and the early ministers of the church were Eev. Messrs. James Taylor, John Crawford, Solomon Meuier, Adam Poe, H. 0. Sheldon, James Mclntire, — Dick- son, Elmore Yoknm, — Hazard, — Howe. The later pastors have been Eev. Messrs. N. S. Albright, Joseph Mattock, Alfred Holbrook and the Eev. Mr. Hoadley, the latter being the pastor September 1, 1879. The church has now a membership of one hundred. The trustees are A. W. Poe, J. W. Fish, Ozias Fish, H. Eichardson, E. Pelton, L. C Foster, S. E. Brain- ard and J. Tompkins. The class leaders are George Storer, S. Strowbridge, J. Tompkins, W. Woodard, S. Wallace, A. W. Poe. The Sunday-school has about one hundred scholars, and is in charge of T. K. Dissette. The congregation worshiped in the log town-house until 1827, when a framed church-edifice was erected upon the site of the present structure. The latter was built in 1848, the old one being moved, and being now used as a private residence. THE FIRST CONGREGATIOIJ^AL CHUBCH. This is located at Brooklyn village and was organ- ized July 23, 1819, with the following members: Amos Brainard, Isaac Hinckley aud Sallie his wife, James Smith aud Eliza his wife, and Eebecca Brain- ard. The organization took place in the town-house, and was effected by Eev. Messrs. Thomas Barr and William Hanford, who were sent for this purpose by the Cleveland presbytery, to which the Brooklyn church was attached. Previous to the organization Isaac Hinckley — who was the first deacon chosen by the church — used to conduct religious meetings at the house of Moses Pish, where the Congregationalists often assembled for worship. The membership was not increased until October 3, 1819, when Ozias, Mary, Ira and Phoebe Brainard were taken into the fold. The Cleveland presbytery supplied preachers occasionally for some years; services being held, as a rule, once a fortnight. We learn from the records that down to 1847 the ministers who preached for the church were Eev. Messrs. William McLain, T. I. Bradstreet, Eandolph Stone, B. B. Drake, Pox and Poltz. In 1847 the con- gregation — being much reduced in strength — ceased to assemble for worship and remained inactive until 1851, when public services were renewed under the ministry of Eev. Calvin Durfee, who was followed successively by Eev. Messrs. James A. Bates, B. H. Votaw and J. W. Hargrave, the latter being now in charge. In April, 1867, the church united with the Cleve- land Congregational conference, having till that time been attached to the Cleveland presbytery. In 1830 the congregation left the old loghouse and worshiped in a new church which was built in that year. It is still used, being one of the oldest church buildings in Ohio, but will probably be vacated in November of this year (1879) for a new and handsome brick church, now nearly completed. The church member- ship is now eighty-four. The deacons are Hiram Welch, A. S. Hinckley and Ebenezer Fish, and the trustees are M. L. Mead, I. N. Turner and Ebenezer Fish. BEIUHTON METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. For some years previous to 1844, the Methodist residents of Brighton and vicinity worshiped at the church in Brooklyn village, but in that year they effected a church organization of their own. They purchased the building previously used by the Ee- formed Methodists, and there they still worship.* The present membership is eighty. The trustees are Asahel Brainard, Charles Gates, Leonard Fish, H. C. Gates, Geoi-ge Brainard, Demas Brainard, Thomas Davies, Martin Oviatt and Albert Ingham; the stewards are J. K. Brainard, Abel Fish, Luther Brainard, Charles Gates, George W. Brainard, Wil- liam Avanu and Asahel Brainard; the class leaders are George W. Brainard, William Avann, Thomas Davis, J. M. Brainard and Eussell Brainard. The pulpit is being supplied at present by Eev. E. H. Bush. THE EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT CHURCH. This is a German organization, located at Brighton, which was formed about 1840. Public worship was first held in a school-house a mile east of Brighton village, the first minister being Eev. Mr. Allard, of Cleveland. In 1844 the church erected at Brighton the substantial house of worship now used. About one hundred families comprise the congregation, which is under the charge of Eev. Mr. Locher. The trustees are George Eiedel, Caspar Janney, Martin Walter, Gottleib Merkel and Christian Haas. CHURCH OF THE LADY OF THE SACRED HEART. This Eoman CathoHc church was organized at Brighton in 1875, by Eev. P. P. Quigley, D.D., in which year a handsome brick house of worship, cost- * The Reformed Methodists had seceded from the Methodist Episcopal church of Brooklyn, and started a church on the south side of the creek in 1840, but dissolved three years later. The prominent members were Julia and Ogden Hinckley, Cyrus Brainard, and Joseph and Ma tilda Williams. BROOKLYN. 421 ing 110,000, was built. Although Brighton then contained many Catholics, their number has latterly been materially lessened by removals, and for nearly a year (since December, 1878) the church has been opened but once for public worship. The last pastor of the church was Rev. T. Marshall, who succeeded Father Quigley in 1877. THE DISCIPLE CONGREGATION. Early in 1879 a number of the members of the West Side Disciple Church, residing in Brooklyn village — (among the prominent ones being H. Brown and Wm. Towsley) — agitated the subject of organizing a church in Brooklyn, and in May held their first meeting in the Brooklyn Opera House, on which occasion a large number of persons participated in the exercises. An independent church has not yet been formed, but reg- ular Sabbath meetings have been held in the Opera House since that time, the congregation, for the pres- ent, being attached as a mission to the West Side church, whence the preaching is supplied. About forty members are included in the congregation, and it is probable that a church will speedily be estab- lished. SCHOOLS. Miss Dorcas Hickox, sister of Abraham Hickox, a blacksmith of Cleveland, taught school in Brooklyn as early as 1818, in the house of James Fish. She had eight or ten scholars, of whom Isaiah W. Pish is still living. Miss Hickox, who was probably the first school-teacher in those parts, taught but one summer. Who her immediate successor was is not clear, but it is moderately certain that Diodate Clark wielded the birch not long after Miss Hickox's time, and a famous pedagogue he was. After Clark, Stephen Brainard taught in a little log school-house on David Brainard's place, and then Lyndon Freeman, of Parma, was for a while the leader under whom the aspiring youth of the day climbed the rugged bights of learning. Apart from the villages of Brooklyn and West ■ Cleveland — which manage their own school affairs — the township has now five school districts and six schools, with an average attendance of one hundred and seventy-two, out of an enrollment of two hundred and sixty-four scholars. The number of teachers em- ployed is seven, and the yearly expenditure for school purposes about 13,300. The memlaers of the board of education are I'rank H. Chester, Carver Stickney, Henry Perrin, Claus Fiedmann and J. Featherstone. The value of school property in the township districts in 1879 was $13,500. Brooklyn village, which under the union school law has managed its own school affairs since 1869, has a fine brick school-edifice, in which there five depart- ments, including a high school. The daily attend- ance of pupils averages one hundred and seventy-six, and the teachers— including the superintendent- number five, to whom $2,400 are paid yearly. The village of West Cleveland has three school- houses— on Detroit street, Jones street and MoCart street — ^with five schools and five teachers. The at- tendance averages nearly three hundred, and the cost for school support is nearly $4,000 yearly. The pres- ent board of education is composed of Messrs. Alex. Forbes, M. B. Nixon, G. B. Mills, W. P. Ranney, A. W. Fairbanks and Oliver King. THE BROOKLYN ACADEMY. In the year 1840 Moses Merrill, a New York school- teacher, and sometimes Methodist preacher, happened to visit Brooklyn about the time certain of its promi- nent citizens were agitating the subject of starting an academy. They secured Mei-rill to teach for them, put up a framed building on the lot now occupied by the Brooklyn village school, called it the Brooklyn Academy and opened it as a select school of some pre- tensions. It flourished for several years as an impoj'- tant institution of learning, but gave way eventually before the rapid strides of the public school system and disappeared. The old academy building is now used in part for the village post ofiice. THE BRIGHTON ACADEMY, was founded by Samuel H. Barstow about 1840, when Brighton was regarded as a place with a brilliant fu- ture before it. The brilliant future failed, however, to reveal itself, and the Brighton Academy went down within a brief season. BRIGHTON. The village of Brighton was laid out originally upon laud occupied by Warren Young's farm, and additional surveys were made from time to time. Its progress was unmarked by special incident until 1836, when, under the influence of the energy of Samuel H. Barstrow, matters began to look up. Speculation in lots began to grow earnest, and to fur- ther stimulate the spirit of the hour, Mr. Barstow procured the incorporation of the village. At the first election, early in 1837, twenty-three votes were cast for mayor, Nathan Babcock receiving fourteen and Sam'l H. Barstow nine. A. S. Palmer was chosen as recorder, and a Mr. Clemens as marshal and street commissioner. In less than a year, however, Brighton came to a stand-still. When the next elec- tion time came the villagers concluded that the new departure was a failure, and declined to hold an elec- tion, and the charter went by default. Since that time the progress of Brighton has been slow, yet in all it has been considerable. It has a population of perhaps eight hundred, is abundantly supplied with stores and hotels, has three churches, and does a small business in the manufacture of wagons. The stores have a good trade witli the sur- rounding country, which contains numerous thrifty and substantial farmers, many of whom are Germans, as are also many of the villagers. BROOKLYN VILLAGE. Brooklyn Village (originally called Brooklyn Cen- ter) was laid out in part in the year 1830 by Moses Pish, an early settler and the owner of considerable 422 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. land in what is now the center of the village. Fish laid out twenty-five lots, and directly afterward Ebenczer Fish, his brother, also a large land owner, began a survey for the same purpose. He sold off only a few lots, however, before disposing of the resi- due" of his property to Betts & Bibbens, land specula- tors, who platted an extensive tract. This was the first work of importance in the way of starting the village. Later, at various times, it was followed by numerous additional surveys by a dozen different parties, some of whom have yet to realize on their in- vestments. Although the village began thus early to push itself into notice, and thrived apace, it was not incor- porated until August 5, 1807. The persons who have served as village officials from that date to 1879, inclusive, are as follows: 1867. Mayor, Bethuel Fish; recorder, Leonard Foster; trustees, A., W. Poe, J. S. Fish, Adam Kroehle, C. B. Galentine, Geo. Storer; mar- shal, John May. 1868. Mayor, Bethuel Fish ; recorder, Leonard Foster; treasurer, Levi Fish; trustees, A. W. Poe, Adam Kroehle, Seymour Trowbridge, L. C. Pixley, J. M. Curtiss; marshal, O. M. Wallace. 1869. Mayor, Seymour Trowbridge; recorder, Wesley Trowbridge; treasurer, John S. Fish; trustees, Lewis Roberts, Eliphalet Wyatt, Alanson Clark, A. P. Wirth, Geo. Storer; marshal. Samuel B. Root. 1870. Mayor, Seymour Trowbridge; clerk, Wesley Trowbridge; treas- urer, J. S. Fish; council, I. W. Fish, Hem-y Fish, Wm. Towsley, Lewis Roberts, A. P. Wirth, J. M. Poe; marshal, O. M. Wallace. 1871. Mayor, Seymour Trowbridge; clerk, Wesley Trowbridge; treas- urer, J. S. Fish; council, Lewis Roberts, A. P. Wirth, J. M. Poe, S. D. Phelps, L. C. Pixley, J. H. Storer; ma shal. M. J. Truman. 1873. Mayor, E. H. Bush; treasurer, H. Fish; clerk, L. G. Foster: council, L. C. Pixley, J. H. Storer, S. D. Phelps, A. W. Poe, Ozias Fish Adam Kroehle ; marshal, Shelby Luce. 1873. Mayor, Wm. Towsley; clerk, L. G. Foster; treasurer, H. Fish; council, Adam Kroehle, A. W. Poe, Ozias Fish, Jas. Gay, L. C . Pixley, Wesley Trowbridge, marshal, Shelby Luce. 1874. Mayor, Albert Allyn; clerk, E. W. Whiteman; treasurer, J. S. Fish; council, Wesley Trowbridge, L. C. Pixley, Jas. Gay, E. Wyatt, F. Clifford, J. Schneider; marshal, Shelby Luce. 1875. Mayor, Albert Allyn; clerk, R. W. Whiteman; treasurer, J. S. Fish, council, E. Wyatt, F. Clifford, J. Schneider, Jas. Towsley, Calvin Allyn. Carlos Jones; marshal, Shelby Luce. 1876. Mayor, Henry Ingham; clerk, R. W. Whiteman; treasurer, R. A. Brown; council, Jas. Towsley, Calvin Allyn, Carlos Jones, A. Mande- ville, Aug. Esch, Theodore Paul; marshal, A. L. Van Ornnm. 1877. Mayor, Henry Ingham; clerk, R. W. Whiteman; treasurer, R. A. Brown; council, Aug. Ksch, A. Mandeville, Theo. Paul, Lewis Roberts, Thos. Quirk, M. H, Farnsworth; marshal, A. L. VanOrnum. 1878. Mayor, J. S. Fish; clerk, J. H. Richardson; treasurer, Russell Brown; council, M. H. Farnsworth, Thos. Quirk, Lewis Roberts, J. W. Naff, Chas. Robinson, Peter Vonder Au; marshal, A. L. Van Ornum. 1879. Mayor, J. S. Fish; clerk, J H. Richardson; treasurer, Russell Brown ; council, J. W. Naff. Cha«i. Robinson, Peter Vonder Au, I. N. Turner, J. H. Storer, G. R. Davis; marshal, A. L. VanOrnum. Brooklyn village is now a thriving place of about fifteen hundred inhabitants, contains many fine resi- dences, has some important manufacturing establish- ments in and near the borough, and will doubtless improve in various ways after the completion of the Valley railroad. WEST CLBVELAlsTD. The village of West Cleveland, with a. population of one thousand five hundred, joins the city of Cleveland on the west, having its northern front on Lake Erie. That portion of Brooklyn was not settled until a com- paratively recent date, and had at first nearly all its habitations along the line of what is now Detroit street. That thoroughfare is still the main avenue of West Cleveland. It stretches, within the village, two miles and a half west of the city limits, and is embellished with many handsome suburban residences of Cleve- land merchants. West Cleveland was incorporated in 1870, as a defensive measure— so it is said— against a prospective absorption by Cleveland. As the vil- lage records, down to a very late date, have been lost, we can only give a list of the mayors and clerks, as fol- lows: 1870— mayor, H. W. Davis; clerk, Charles M. Safford. 187;J— mayor, S. F. Pearson; clerk, Charles M. Safford. 1874— mayor, William Mitchell; clerk, Alfred Lees. 1876— mayor, Alex Forbes; clerk, Al- fred Lees. 1878— mayor, L. H. Ware; clerk, John Hawley. Although the village is quite populous, it is so closely allied to Cleveland in a material sense that it is simply a city suburb. Its inhabitants are mostly engaged in business in the city, and attend religious worship there. There is no religious organization in West Cleveland, and but one place where religious services are held — a mission chapel where Sabbath meetings are maintained under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association, for the benefit of all denominations. THE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FARM. This is located on Detroit street, in West Cleveland, and covers sixty-one acres, upon which there are sub- stantial buildings. In 1868 the widow of Simeon Jennings gave to the Children's Aid Society of Cleve- land eleven acres of land and the buildings upon it, to be used as an industrial school farm. The society obtained by donations sufficient money to purchase fifty additional acres, and since that date the place has been devoted to the noble purpose of providing for destitute and homeless children, training them in useful knowledge and eventually placing them in comfortable homes. During 1878 the children re- ceived numbered one hundred and forty-seven, of whom eighty-eight were placed in good homes. The average number of children in the institution is forty. LINNDALE. Linndale, is a station on the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad, and was at one time a place regarding which many bright anticipa- tions were indulged in. Three hundred acres of land were purchased, in 1872, by Robert Linn, and others of Cleveland, a town was laid out, building lots were freely sold and Linndale made a promising start. The Linndale Stove and Hollow Ware Company ex- pended seven thousand dollars in erecting a foundry there, began opei'ations on a capital of fifteen thousand dollars, and with a force of fifty hands soon gave a business appearance to the place. Quite a number of dwellings went up, a newspaper called the Linndale Enterprise, under the editorship of Mr. Robinson, was called into existence, and a hotel and several stores went into operation. Unhappily, however, for the project, the financial crisis of 1873 stopped the growth of the new town, J6t/i7t^^^J£~^,^^^ Martin Kellogg was born in Easthampton par- ish, Chatham, Middlesex Co., Conn., on the 16th of February, 1793. His ancestors were Irish, and settled in this country at an early date. His father, whose name was also Martin, was a native of Marlboro'', Conn., having been born there about the year 1765. He was a man of great in- tegrity and enterprise; was often called upon for advice and counsel, and, although not a member, was a constant attendant and liberal supporter of the Episcopal Church. He married Eachel Hosford, daughter of Dudley Hosford, of Marlboro', by whom he had six children, viz. : Rachel, Martin, Joel, Alfred, Rechelsea, and Lucy Ann. The latter is the only member of this family now living. Mr. Kellogg died in Easthampton in 18^5. His wife survived him twenty-five years, and died in January, 1850. The subject of this sketch received a common- school education, and, until he reached his majority, remained upon his father's farm. He was then em- ployed in laboring by the month, which he continued for four years. In 1817 he came to Ohio, and re- mained one year. Returning to Connecticut, he was married, on the 2d of June, 1818, to Laura Adams, daughter of Benjamin Adams, of Colchester, New London Co. They at once set out for Ohio, in company with the families of Judge Barber, Mr. Watkins, Mr. Branch, and Mr. Ansel Young. They traveled the entire distance with ox-teams, the journey consuming forty days. Arriving at Cleveland in July, Mr. Kellogg settled in Brooklyn, on the place now owned by his son Alfred, and situated on Scranton Avenue. He immediately commenced clearing his farm, and, although sub- jected to all the hardships of pioneer life, was never discouraged. At the end of a comparatively few years he possessed a comfortable home, and on ac- count of its location his land subsequently became very valuable. In 1856 his wife died, and he was married on the 8th of March, 1860, to Mrs. Laura Walker, who died July 17, 1863. He only survived her a little more than one month, his death occurring on the 25th of August following. Mr. Kellogg was a man of staunch integrity and high moral character; an enterprising citizen, and one who took an active part in forwarding local improvements and the best interests of the com- munity in which he lived. Formerly a Whig, when that party gave place to the Republican organization he naturally gravitated to its ranks. Although taking an interest in political movements, he never held nor sought public office. Mr. Kellogg had four children, — Alfred, Horace, Charles M., and Sanford B., all deceased except Alfred, the eldest, to whom this memoir and the accompanying portrait are due. BROOKLYN. 4^3 which at its best contained about eight hundred in- habitants. The land company, which had absorbed Mr. Linn's interests, failed to meet its payments on tlie land; purchasers became alarmed concerning the titles and many of them forsook the place. The com- pany forfeited its lands to the original owners and Linndale staggered under the blow. The paper suspended, the hotel and stores closed, and the Linn- dale Stove Company, which maintained a somewhat longer struggle for existence, went down in 1875 in utter failure. Wm. Buckholz, who had a small manufactory of portable feed-mills, carried on his business in the town until the spring of 1879, when he removed to Cleveland. Since 1875, Linndale has been a very small and very quiet village, but faith in its future still animates some sanguine hearts, and certainly there is nothing improbable in its becoming a pros- perous town. CEMETERIES. The first burials in the old township of Brooklyn were made in a lot near the present graveyard on Scran ton avenue, in Cleveland. These burials were four in number, and the next one — that of Mary Wil- cox, mother-in-law of James Fish, was made in 1816, upon a half-acre lot owned by Mr. Fish. That lot Mr. Fish subsequently donated to the township for use as a public graveyard, and it is now a part of the Scranton avenue cemetery. The four gi-aves above referred to were obliterated long ago, and occupied it is thought, a spot of ground now traversed by the avenue. The next public burial ground was laid out in 1844, east of the Methodist church in Brooklyn vil- lage. There are now six or seven burial grounds in the township, including Riverside cemetery, a sketch of which will be found in the history of Cleveland. POST OFFICES. A post ofiice was established in Brighton in 1836, which until 1867 was the station for Brooklyn village. It is known as Brooklyn post office, and has had as postmasters, from 1836 to 1879, the following: Sam- uel H. Barstow, Geo. W. Hibbard, William J. Case, 0. H. Babcock, G. Woodruff, Daniel Seizor, A. Van Derwyst and Chas. Huhn. Brooklyn Village post- office was not established until 1867, since which time the posmastei's at that point have been J. M. Poe, A. W. Poe, E. H. Bush, Samuel Sears and John Reeve. West Cleveland post office was established iu 1877, C. E. Terrell being the first appointee. His succes- sors have been Messrs. Beebe, Sweeny, and Oldfelder; the latter being the present incumbent. THE CLEVBLAWD DRYER COMPANY. This company, which is carrying on an extensive manufacture of super-phosphate near Brooklyn vil- lage, originated in 1863, when P. B. Bradley and Coe Brothers, under the name now used by the corpora- tion, began to make super-phosphate on Mill creek, near the line of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad. There they employed about twenty men in their works, which were de- stroysd by fire in 1874. After that event the partners organized "The Cleveland Dryer Company" as a corporation, with a capital of $50,000, and built the works now used by it, on the line of the proposed Valley railroad. The company occupies eleven acres of land at that point, employs fifty men, and confines itself to the manufacture of the Buckeye and Forest City brands of super-phosphate. THE LAKE ERIE DRYER COMPANY. This is a firm composed of G. W. Dart and W. 11. Gabriel, manufacturers of the Excelsior super-phos- phate and poudrette at a point about a mile east of Brooklyn village. The works cover about two acres on the creek, and give employment to twenty men. A Mr. De Mar was the first to start these works, about 1865, being succeeded in 1869 by Joseph Cook, who sold out in 1876 to the firm now in possession. OTHER MANUFACTURES. Davis & Wirth are somewhat extensively engaged at Brooklyn village in the manufacture of boots, shoes and slippers, and employ an average force of twenty men. Davis & Richardson inaugurated the business at Brooklyn in 1864. After them Davis, Pelton & Co. continued it; being followed by Davis & Wallace Brothers, who dissolved in 1870. Mr. Davis then taansferred his business to Cleveland, whence in January, 1879, he returned to Brooklyn, and in com- pany with Mr. Wirth renewed the manufacture of boots and shoes in that village. Adam Kroeble carries on a large brick tannery at Brooklyn village, in which he tans about ten thou- sand hides and skins annually, employing ten men. Mr. Kroeble has conducted the business since 1862, when he purchased it from Mr. Storer, who started it about 1840. E. Jorns has a small tannery at the foot of Brook- lyn village hill, where he turns out about twenty -hides weekly. On the Brighton side of the creek, Charles Mueller has a similar establishment of like capacity. NURSERIES. Ebenezer Fish inaugurated the nursery business in Brooklyn, in 1840, but did not develop it to any ex- tent until he placed it in charge of Wm. Curtiss, who, after expanding the trade and making it profitable, became Mr. Fish's partner. He afterward bought him out, extending the business still more and eventu- ally establishing numerous nurseries in the township, to which he gave the general name of the Forest City Nurseries. In 1859 he took in his brother, J. M. Curtiss, as a partner, who upon the death of William Curtiss, in 1860, assumed control of the business, and so extended it that between the years 1865 and 1875 his annual sales reached as high as sixty thousand apple and peacli trees alone. In 1875 he sold his interest in the nurseries to M. A. Wilhelmy, who has since then controlled them. 424 THE TOWNSHIPS 01? CUYAHOGA COtlNTY. EAILWAYS. Brooklyn is crossed in a diagonal direction, from northeast to southwest, by the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis railroad, its only station in the township being at Linndale. The Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad crosses West Cleve- land, and also bears south westwardly, but not so far to the south as the former road. The Eocky Eiver railroad runs along the northern end of the township, parallel with the lake, to Rocky river. A street rail- way connects Brooklyn village with Cleveland. The Valley railroad, to rnn from Cleveland to Can- ton, is now in process of construction, passing across the eastern portion of this township. The entire dis- tance is graded, and it is now expected that trains will run between Canton and Cleveland by the first of January, 1880. The owners have donated thirty- one acres of land in Brooklyn to the company, as a site for its car-shops, depot, etc., and it is confidently be- lieved that the comijletion of the enterprise will bring a decided increase of prosperity to the township. GLENN LODGE, I. 0. 0. F. Glen Lodge, No. 263, was organized in Brighton, March 31, 1855, -with ten charter members. The present membership is one hundred and thirteen, the officers being as follows: George Schmehl, N. G. ; J. 0. Wait, V. G.; Walter H. Gates, R. S.; William Treat, P. S. ; George Reidel, treasurer. GLENN BNCAJIPMENT, I. 0. 0. F. Glenn Encampment, No. 181, was organized at Brighton in 1874, with ten charter members. In June, 1879, it was removed to Cleveland, and named Cleveland Encampment, after an organization which had previously existed in that city, but which had been suspended. The present officers are J. J. Quay, C. P. ; J. S. Wood, H. P. ; P. Shackleton, S. W. ; W. H. Newton, J. W. ; Wm. Treat, scribe; C. Stick- ney, treasurer. BROOKLYN LODGE, F. & A. M. Brooklyn Lodge, No. 454, was organized October 18, 1871, with the following charter members: E. T. Ellsworth, Henry Richardson, Samuel B. Root, C. H. Babcock, G. R. Davis, John Lane, Frederick Wirth, Wm. Willson, Wm. Woodard, Ozias Pish, Chas. Mueller, C. W. Quirk, J. H. Storer, E. H. Bush, I. N. Turner, Thos. Quirk, Henry Pish and Theodore M. Towl. The Worshipful Masters of the lodge have been E. T. Ellsworth, C. H. Babcock, Henry Pish, R. H. Wirth, T. M. Towl, George R. Davis and D. W. Hoyt, the latter serving two terms. The present membership is thirty-eight, and the offi- cers are as follows: D. W. Hoyt, W. M. ; T. S. Davis. S. W. ; A. L. Sausman, J. W. ; G. R. Davis, treas. ; J. H. Storer, secy.; P. Cosgrove, S. D.; W. C. Towns, J. D.; Geo. J. Duncan, tyler; E. H. Bush, chaplain. Regular meetings are held on the first and third Wed- nesdays of eacli month, in the Masonic Hall, Brook- lyn village. MILITIA COMPANIES. The Brooklyn Light Artillery was organized by Capt. Sidney Andrews in 1858, with twenty-eight men and one gun — a bi'ass six-pounder. The com- mand built, in 1858, the structure in Brooklyn vil- lage, still known as "The Armory," and occupied by Davis & Wirth as a shoe factory. After two years existence as a militia company, it entered the three months service in 1861, as a part of the First Ohio Light Artillery. Mention of the services of that regiment are made in the general history. After be. ing mustered out, so many of the men volunteered into other commands that the company could not be kept up. The " Brooklyn Blues " were organized in February, 1876, by S. G. Cosgrove, as an independent company of infantry. It then numbered forty men. The first officers were S. G. Cosgrove, captain; E. W. White- man, first lieutenant; B. F. Storer, second lieutenant. Upon the organization of the Fifteenth Regiment Ohio National Guards, the "Blues" joined that com- mand as Company B, and as such are still known. The company now numbers thirty-five men, its officers being T. K. Dissette, captain; W. C. Towns, first lieutenant; B. P. Storer, second lieutenant. Com- pany B is equipped with Springfield breech -loading muskets, and owns its armory at Brooklyn village. BROOKLYN HOOK AND LADDER COMPANY NO. 1. Brooklyn village boasts a fire company, numbering thirty uniformed men, and having for apparatus a Babcock fire-extinguisher and a hook and ladder truck. No. 1 was organized in 1876, with thirty men. William Beaser was the chief; Frederick Wirth, the first assistant, and John Sweisel, the second assistant. William Beaser is the present chief; John Sweisel, the first assistant, and H. B. Wallace, the second assistant. ABEL S. HIlSrCKLEY. Abel S. Hinckley was born at Chatham, Middlesex county, Connecticut, on the 5th of April, 1803. He is descended from Samuel Hinckley, who came from England in 1635, and settled at Barnstable, Massachu- setts, and whose grandson, Gersham, removed to Leb- anon, Connecticut in 1712. John Hinckley, a son of Gersham, settled at East Hampton, Connecticut, and died there at an advanced age, leaving a large family of children. Isaac, the oldest of this family was the father of the subject of this sketch. He was born at Chatham, on the 31st of May, 1773. He removed to Brooklyn, Ohio, in 1814, and became prominently connected with the interests of the town, holding va- rious local offices and positions of trust. He was one of the founders of the Congregational church of Brook- lyn, and for many years was one of its deacons. He died on the 9th of March, 1851, respected and regret- ted by all who knew him. His wife was Sarah Shep- ard, daughter of Abel Shepard, of Chatham, Connec- CHAGRIK FALLS. 425 ticut. They were married on the 12th of December, 1799, and had a family of seven children, of whom the subject of this notice is the second. S^€J f W^^njU/< He came with his father to Brooklyn, and, although but eleven years of age, assisted his parents in making a comfortable home in the wilderness. There was then but one house in what is now known as the South Side of Cleveland, and the surrounding country was an unbroken forest. Young Hinckley remained at home until twenty-four years old, working indus- triously in clearing and cultivating the farm, and re- ceiving in the meantime a limited education. On the 18th of January, 1827, he married Sarah Dennison, daughter of Daniel Dennison, of Brooklyn. He then engaged in farming upon his own account, and continued in that business until 1873, when he sold his farm and removed to the village of Brooklyn, where he has since resided. He is a Republican in politics, but has never sought public notice nor oflBce. As a citizen and a neighbor he is highly respected, being a valued member of the Congregational church, in which he holds the oflBce of deacon. To Mr. and Mrs. Hinckley were born five children, viz., Lucy, (deceased); Aurelia W., at home: Sarah L., wife of Henry J. Brainard, of Hazelhurst, Mis- sissippi; William H., who died in infancy, and Louisa M., also deceased. Mrs. Hinckley died in February, 1862. Mr. Hinckley married his second wife. Miss Sarah Foote, daughter of Edom Foote, of Brooklyn, on the 21st day of May, 1863. 51 CHAPTER LXXli. CHAGKIN FALLS.* Serenus Burnet— Two Dollars and a Half jier Acre for Land— Other Early Settlers— A Log Gristmill— An Unfinished Bridge— Adamson Bentley-Bentleyville- Beginning at Chagrin Falls Village— Noah Graves and Dr. Handerson— Newcomers in 1837— A Tavern in a Bam —The Old Deer Lick— GriCflthsburg- Bentley ville's Prosperous Days— Dr. Vincent— A Primitive Banlc- A College Chartered— Lively Times- Sidney Rigdon— The Financial Crisis— Early Mail Facilities— Asbury Seminary— The Tippecanoe Campaign— Whig Riflemen and Demo- cratic Indians— First Paper Mill — Annexation of Nine Hundred Acres to Orange— Deacon White's Ax Factory— More about Bentleyville— Formation of Chagrin Falls Township— First Officers— Enterprise of the People — Champion's Scheme — A Pleasant Village— The excite ment at the Outbreak of the Rebellion— The Soldiers' Aid Society— Since the War— Business Interests— Chagrin Falls Paper Company- Adams & Co.'s Paper Mill— Williams' Foundry— Gauntt's Machine Shop— Ober's Planing Machine— Other Manufactures— Congregational Church- Methodist Church — Disciple Church — Free Will Baptist Church— Bible Christian Church— Golden Gate Lodge— Chagrin Falls Lodge— Township Officers- Sketch of H. W. Curtiss. In the month of May, 1815, immediately after the war of 1812, Serenus Burnet brought his wife and little son, Stephen, and located himself on the west side of Chagrin river, about two miles north of the present village of Chagrin Falls. There he built a rude log-house, and became the first resident of the present township of Chagrin Falls. The nearest neighbors were in the Covert neighborhood, near Willson's Mills, in the present township of Mayfield. For six months after their arrival Mrs. Burnet did not see the face of a white woman. Mr. Burnet paid two dollars and a half per acre for the best river-bottom land, and the proprietors were willing enough to sell even at this rate, for Burnet's was for a long time about the end of settle- ment in the Chagrin valley. During the next ten years the lower part of the valley slowly settled up, and between 1820 and 1825 Jacob Gillett, Caleb Al- son and James Fisher became residents of what is now the township of Chagrin Falls, in the immediate vicinity of Serenus Burnet. But it was not until the year 1826 or 1827 that any settlement was made in the vicinity of the present village of Chagrin Falls. At that time John Wood- ward and Benjamin Carpenter built a dam across the Chagrin river, below Williams' foundry at Chagrin Falls, and at the north end of it erected a small log gristmill. The stones were drawn by eight yoke of cattle from a still older mill, situated near where Edmund Burnet now lives, in Orange. About the same time Gen. Edward Paine, who owned the land west of the present Franklin street, undertook to build a bridge across the river at the falls, and put four stringers across as a beginning. The work was not completed at that time, however, and the stringers remained, affording a precarious passage to the few footmen who occasionally ap- peared in the vicinity. Mr. AV. T. Upham men- *Many fanciful stories have been told about the origin of the name "Chagrin," appliedflrstto the river, and then to the falls, the township and the village; it being often supposed that it comes from the "cha- grin" felt by somebody, about something, on its banks. It is, however, undoubtedly derived from the old Indian word " Shaguin," which is to be found' applied to it on maps issued before the Revolution. "Sha- guin" is supposed to mean " clear," but this is not so certain. 426 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. tions seeing them, in 1837 or '28, when hunting in company with his brother, E. B. Upham, Alfred Utley and Joel Burnet. The falls were then marked by shelving rocks, which have since been blasted away, and the youngsters cut down a tree, growing on the bank, for the fun of seeing it topple over the precipice. In the month of February, 1831, Rev. Adamson Bentley, a noted Disciple minister, then forty-six years old, having purchased a lai'ge tract of land at the junetion of the two branches of the Chagrin river, moved to that point, and immediately began important improvements there. That same year he built a sawmill, and that year, or the next, he erected a gristmill; both being situated near the present res- idence of his son, Martin Bentley, about a quarter of a mile below the forks of the river. He built a card- ing machine and cloth-dressing establishment at the same point a little later, and thus made the beginning of a thriving hamlet, which flourished under the name of Bentleyville for over twenty years, and at first seemed likely to be the principal village in that part of the county. But in 1833 a new village was begun, which soon threw Bentleyville entirely in the shade, and has long maintained an unquestioned supremacy over the va- rious little burgs in the southeastern part of Cuyahoga county. It will be remembered that at this time that part of the present township of Chagrin Falls lying east of the line of Franklin street, in the village of that name, was in the town of Eussell, in Geauga county, while the portion west of that line was in Orange, Cuyahoga county, except a small tract in the southwest corner of the village, which was in Solon, in the same county. The land in Geauga county was owned by Aristarchus Champion, of Rochester, New York,* while that of Orange was the property of Gen. Edward Paine, the founder of Painesville, but then residing at Chardon, Geauga county. In the year 1833, Noah Graves, a Massachusetts Yankee, on the lookout for a good investment, after examining the water power at the Falls, went to Gen. Paine and purchased two hundred and ten acres of land there, for what was then considered the large sum of two thousand dollars. Dr. S. S. Handerson was either connected with Graves at the time of the trade or became so immediately afterward, and together they at once made the preliminary move- ments to start a city. Lots were laid out and offered for sale, and preparations were made for building mills. We cannot learu, however, that any houses were built on the site of the village until 1834. In that year Noah Graves, S. S. Handerson, Chester Bush- nell. Napoleon Covill, A. A. Hart and Ebenezer Wil- cox, all took their families and settled in the new city. In October of that year, Mr. Henry Church, the old- est survivor of the original pioneers of the village, *Aristarchus Champion died at Rochester only a few years since at the age of over ninety years. moved thither with his family. He found the fami- lies already mentioned, but only three framed houses those of Graves, Handerson and Hart. Mr. Wilcox lived in the house of his brother-in-law. Mr. Graves and Mr. Covill lived in a log house north of the river, while Julius Higgins dwelt in a shanty near by. Chester Bushnell built a barn that season on the site of the Union House, in the upper part of which he lived with his family and kept tavern, the horses of the travelers being stabled below. Mr. Graves also built a dam that year, but did not erect his sawmill until the next year, 1835. Mr. Church, as soon as he arrived, went to blacksmithing, his being the first shop in the new village. His partner was Luther Graves, (a nephew of Noah) who had come with Mr. Church. I. A. Foote, a resident almost as early, came on the 19th of October, 1834. He remembers but two framed houses, those of Graves and Hart. There was still no bridge, and Paine's old stringers afforded the only means of passage. Ira Sherman lived near by. There was an old deer-lick near the location of the upper paper mill, and when the first settlers came there were still bark hammocks to be seen hanging in the tops of the large, low beech trees, where the In- dians had been accustomed to lie in wait for the deer as they came to drink the brackish waters of the "lick." There was a tincture of mineral in the water, besides salt, and the neighboring stones were glazed by a shining substance, deposited on the evap- oration of the water. The Indians had then ceased to visit this part of the county and the deer abandoned the lick as soon as the white people began to settle in the vicinity. They were still abundant in the neighboring hills, and many a fine carcass was brought in by the early settlers. A. H. Hart was especially noted as a hunter, and Mr. Church was almost equally devoted to the chase, and was a frequent companion of Mr. Hart on his hunting excursions. In 1835 there was a marked improvement in the new village. Several new houses were put up, the projected sawmill was built, and the woods cleared away for several rods around the buildings. Still there were no roads of any value in the country around, and all kinds of business were of course extremely difiQcult of transaction. Mr. Church mentions having frequently gone up into the settlement of Solon, got a bag of wheat and carried it on his back to Beutley's little gristmill; carrying it thence, in the same man- ner, home to Chagrin Falls. The next year, 1836, the erection of a gristmill at the falls made it unnecessary to go elsewhere for grinding, but the wheat had still to be brought over most execrable roads. But those were the celebrated " flush times," when everybody was bent on speculation, when paper money was as free as water, and when unbounded riches were consequently expected by the whole community. OHRGRIN FALLS. 437 Scarcely an enterprise could be suggested in which men were not ready to engage. About this same time, 1836, Gen. James Griffith found a water power on the Aurora branch of the Ohagi'in river, and bought the upper part of it. Ten men, mostly from Aurora, in Portage county, bought the lower part. Griffith built a sawmill and he and the others planned a village to be called Griffithsburg, which, like Bentleyville, was within the present township of Chagrin Falls. Cap- tain Archibald Robbins, the celebrated sailor, who with Captain Riley was taken prisoner on the coast of Africa, and who is mentioned in the history of Solon, bought an intei'est at Griffithsburg, built a store there and remained three or four years. Meanwhile, for several years, Bentleyville kept ahead, not only of Griffithsburg, but of its more promising rival. Chagrin Falls. John OviaCt came thither in 1834 or "35, built a trip-hammer shop, and made scythes, axes and similar instruments in large quantities — that is, large for that time and place. This establishment was kept up for five or six years. Another, erected about the same time, was the tan- nery of William Brooks. In 1835 or '36 Mr. Bentley erected and opened a small store at the same point, being the first store in the present township of Cha- grin Falls. In 1835 Dr. Justus H. Vincent located in the northwest corner of Bainbridge, Geauga county, being the first physician who practiced to any extent in Chagrin Falls. In 1836 and '37 he was a member of the legislature. All the property holders of the vi- cinity, with Dr. Vincent at their head, applied for a charter for a bank at Chagrin Falls. This institu- tion, however, did not get fairly under way. The nearest approach to it was a shanty in which one of the residents lived, which was pet into the bank of a hill. This, in consideration of its position, was dubbed the " bank," and the resident was breveted the cashier. In March, 1836, the first religious society in the township was formed, being called the " First Con- gregational Society of MoreDse." There seems to have been a disposition to call the new village " Mo- rense," but it was soon given up. The year before this (1835) a college had been chartered, which was to stand on College Hill. There was to be no lack of great institutions, and it is a somewhat amusing illustration of the spirit of the time that the first dis- trict school was taught the same season the college was chartered. The teacher was Miss Almeda Vin- cent, afterwards Mrs. Aaron Bliss, of Chicago. Her husband opened the first store in the village in 1836, in the bar room of the hotel, but soon after built a store on the corner of Main and Oi-ange streets. These were perhaps the liveliest times the village has ever known, except during a short time at the outbreak of the rebellion. Soon after Bliss opened his store, B. H. and H. S. Bosworth also em- barked in the mercantile business. Joshua Overton and Bennett bought and occupied the tavern. William Fay set up a shingle machine. Charles Waldron and William Pratt were in business as shoe- makers, William McGlashan and Dudley Thorp as tailors, and Henry Smith as a mason. George Fen- kel was building his gristmill, which was in running order by winter. Caleb Earl built a clothiers shop. Among other residents already there, or fast coming in, were James Bosworth, with his sons, Freeman, Sherman, Milo and Philetus, and his sons-in-law, Jason Matthews, Robert Barrows, Justus Taylor, Jus- tus Benedict, T. N. West, Samuel Graham and Tim- othy Osborn, all with families; also, Huron Beebe, Roderick Beebe, William Church and Zopher Hol- comb. To add to the excitement, the celebrated Sidney Rigdon, who was then second only to Joseph Smith as a Mormon preacher, was displaying the glories of the religion of the Latter Day Saints in numerous sermons and speeches. That religion had not then assumed its ofEensive polygamous features, and Rig- don, who was known to be an eloquent speaker, was invited to deliver the oration at Chagi-in Falls on the 4th of July, 1836. He did so, and among other glow- ing predictions, prophesisd that there would soon be one great city, extending from Chagrin Falls to Kirt- land, fifteen miles north, all inhabited by the saints of the Lord. The next spring, 1837, the excitement was still intense, and the expectation of universal wealth through the medium of unlimited paper money and the immense rise in the price of land was yet un- abated. A Congregational church edifice was plan- ned, and the timber was drawn to the public square, which at this time was dedicated to the public, and included all that block on which the town hall now stands. Two-thirds of it was afterwards given to the Methodist and Congregational churches. Another grand celebration was gotten up on the Fourth of July, and was graced by a peculiar accom- paniment. The first marriage in the village, and probably in the township, took place on that day, the officiating minister being Rev. Sherman B. Can- field, the orator of the day, and the parties being Aaron Bliss, the young merchant, and Miss Almeda, the daughter of Dr. J. H. Vincent. But while all was thus going "merry as a mar- riage bell" in the financial and social world, the sound of approaching disaster came swiftly upon the ear. During the summer of 1837 the whole- fabric of ap- parent prosperity which had been built up on a basis of worthless paper money, went down even more suddenly than it had been raised, and business all over the country came to a standstill. Chagrin Falls, like other ambitious, young villages, for several years, made very little progress. Notwithstanding all the energy previously dis- played, there was yet no post office in the village. There was a mail route, however, ran by Seremus Burnet's place, where he had begun keeping tavern. From there the mail was brought once a week by 428 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Marcus Earl to the house of his father in the village, where the people gathered to obtain their letters and papers, making it a post office by common consent. The first fatal accident in the township occurred in 1839, when the young daughter of Mr. Overton was burned to death by her clothes catching fire. Mr. 0. T. Blakeslee, to whose sketches in the Chagrin Palls Expositor we are indebted for a large number of the facts here set forth, mentions that there were no less than seventeen fatal accidents at Chagrin Palls be- tween 1839 and 1874. The same year Asbury Semi- nary was incorporated as a Methodist institution, Mr. Williams being the first principal. Meanwhile Samuel Nettleton built a furnace, which in 1840 he sold to Benajah Williams, by whom and his son it has ever since been carried on. Mr. Wil- liams had moved to the village in 1837, with his sons Lorenzo D., John W., William M., Francis S., Adam C. and Andrew J. In 1840, the year of the great "Tippecanoe" cam- paign, two-thirds of the people of Chagrin Palls were Whigs, and nowhere was there more zeal in support- ing the Whig cause than there — in fact, Chagrin Palls has always been a very zealous place in regard to any question in which the people took an interest. When the Whigs of the Northwest held a grand meeting at Port Meigs, the male portion of Chagrin Palls turned out almost en masse. Dr. Vincent was in command of a company of Whig riflemen. The rest of the Whigs were going in their pri vate capacity, most of them assuming a sort of Indian disguise to add to the hilarity of the occasion. So great was the excitement that most of the Democrats actually proposed to join the Indians and accompany them to the great pow- wow. The ofl'er was promptly accepted, and there was hardly a man left at the Palls. Pour-horse, six-horse, and even eight-horse teams were provided to draw the crowd to Cleveland, where two-thirds of the voters of the county were assembled, whence they went by boat to the Maumee. The De- mocratic "Indians" of Chagrin Falls acted faithfully in accordance with the part they had assumed, enter- ing fully into the spirit of the occasion, and making no objection to the fierce assaults upon Democracy which resounded from the lips of eloquent orators. But when the procession returned to the Palls it halted on the top of the hill overlooking the village, and there these temporary Whigs drew off, gave one parting whoop for Old Tippecanoe, and then, with a rousing cheer for Van Buren and Johnson, resumed their character as Democrats and returned to their homes. By 1841 business began to revive. Aaron Bliss and John Mayhew built a large stone flouring-mill on the site of the upper paper-mill, with a semicircular stone dam. The latter, however, was carried out by the high water that same season, flooding the village and carrying off two bridges. The same year Noah Graves built a paper-mill on the north side of the river, be- ing the beginning of an industry which has ever since flourished at Chagrin Palls. In January of this year, also, Dr. Vincent obtained the passage of an act tak- ing nine hundred acres from the northwest corner of the township of Eussell, Geauga county, and annex- ing it to the southeast corner of Orange, Cuyahoga county; making recompense by taking the same amount from the northeast corner of Orange and an- nexing it to Eussell. The latter tract, however, was afterwards re-annexed to Orange. In 1843 the census showed that there were a hund- red and nine families in the village, with five hund- red and forty members. There were twenty car- penters, five cabinet makers, four wagon makers, ten shoemakers, five merchants, three doctors and two lawyers. This was considered a pretty good showing for a village eight years old, and such as would justify making a beginning in Journalism. Accordingly C. T. Blakeslee, one of the lawyers just mentioned, and John Brainard, afterwards a professor of chemistry at Cleveland, and later holding the official position of examiner of patents at Washing- ton, combined their forces to start a newspaper. The "forces" consisted of a little credit by means of which they bought a hundred dollars' worth of type on time, and of two pairs of hands with which they made the press and everything else necessary to print their paper, which they called the Farmers' and Mechanics' Journal. Somewhat moi-e has been said of it in the chapter of the general history devoted to the press, on page one hundred and ninety. In the spring of 1843, there was a good deal of ex- citement over the prophecy of "Father Miller" that the world was to be destroyed by fire on the 33d of April. About that time Earl's woolen mills caught fire at three o'clock in the morning. As the roof was satu- rated with oil, it burned off with extraordinary rapid- ity, casting its lurid glare over the whole village, and far up and down the valley, over the darksome rocks and flashing waters of the Chagrin. For a short time some of the people thought there was something in the Millerite talk, and that the destruction of the world had possibly begun at Chagrin Palls. Soon afterward. Deacon Harry White bought the pond belonging to the woolen mill, and established a manufactory of axes. As large numbers of people were then at work clearing up the country, axes had a ready sale near at hand, and Mr. White did a large business. When the land was cleared up, however, the factory was abandoned. In 1844, both the Methodists and the Congrega- tionalists built churches at the Palls, these being the first houses of worship erected there. At this time there was a daily line of stages run- ing through the village, between Cleveland and War- ren, and the coaches were generally loaded with pas- sengers. The country had pretty well recovered from ■ the financial crisis of 1837, and Chagrin Palls began to feel its dignity again. It was not satisfied with its position in the corner of Orange, and began to moot the question of having a township all to itself. Be- CHAGRIN PALLS. 429 fore recording its organization, however, we must jevert to another part of the territory which it was made to inclnde. Although Bentleyville had not kept pace with its rival at the Palls, yet it boasted of no inconsiderable business. In 1841 a chair factory was begun there by C. P. Brooks, which did a good business and was maintained for five or six years. About 1843 the old grist mill was leased by Lyman Hatfield and turned into a rake factory. This, however, was only kept up about two years. There was also a factory of wooden bowls at the same place. Besides these there were shops of various kinds and fifteen or twenty res- idences; so that a traveler, who descended into the narrow dell where all this industry was exercised, would certainly have thought that he had discovered one of the most prosperous and promising villages in the country. But from this time onward its prosper- ity declined, its various industries went down one after the other under the adverse power of floods, and time, and competition, until now there is little indeed to remind the spectator of its former flourishing con- dition. At this time (1844), also, the tract now included in Chagrin Falls had been pretty well cleared up, con- sidering the roughness of its surface, and thirty or forty thriving farmers had established themselves in its valleys and on its hillsides. And so the people of the village and the neighboring farmers agreed that it would be a good plan to have a new township, though it is difficult to see what for. On application to the county commissioners a township was formed in the forepart of 1845,, to which the name of Chagrin Palls was given, and which included lots six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twenty-two, twenty-three and twenty-four, in th^ northeast corner of Solon; lots four, five, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thir- teen, fourteen, fifteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty and twenty-one in the southeast pai't of Or- ange; and lots seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, also in Orange at that time, but which had formerly been a part of Russell, in Geauga county. The first town meeting was held at the tavern of A. Griswold on the 7th day of April, 1845. James Grifiith, Samuel Pool and Pliny Kellogg acted as judges of election, and Jedediah Hubbell and Alanson Knox as clerks;, all being sworn in by Henry Church, justice of the peace. The following ofiicers were elected: Trustees, Stoughton Bentley, Ralph B. Rus- sell, Boardman H. Bosworth; township clerk, Alan- son Knox; treasurer, Thomas Shaw; assessor. Rev. John K. Hallock (removed from township and George Stocking appointed in his place); overseers of the poor, George Rath bun and Jedediah Hubbell, Jr.; constable, Thomas M. Bayard; supervisors of high- ways, Sherman S. Handerson, Obadiah Bliss, John Mayhew, Phineas Upham, Duane Brown, John Good- ell, Ralph E. Russell, Noah Graves. Thus the township of Chagrin Palls was fairly launched upon its separate existence. There was at this time much talk of the construction of a railroad through it from Cleveland to Pittsburg. In fact, a line had been surveyed through the village the previ- ous year, and the people, with their usual enterprise, subscribed twenty-four thousand dollars to its stock. The scheme, however, fell through. Whatever other faults may have been laid to the account of the people of Chagrin Palls, a lack of enterprise or intelligence could never be justly charged against them. They sought diligently to inform themselves on every sub- ject which came before the public, (taking more newspapers during the first twenty years of the exist- ence of the village than were taken in any other place of its size in the country), and liberally supported every enterprise which gave reasonable promise of promoting the public welfare. The only drawback was that in their abounding zeal they were sometimes inclined to support enterprises and encourage creeds which did not give reasonable promise of promoting the public welfare. In 1847 the village of Chagrin Palls is described in Howe's Historical Collections as containing one Con- gregational, one Methodist Episcopal, one Wesleyan Methodist, and one Free Will Baptist church, nine stores, one axe and edge-tool factory, one sash factory, one wheel and wheel-head factory, one wooden-bowl factory, three woolen factories, one paper factory, two flouring-mills, three sawmills, one furnace, one carriage shop, two tin shops, three harness shops, three cabinet shops, and twelve hundred inhabitants. Probably the number of the iuhabibauts was some- what exaggerated. At this period, too, a good deal of attention was given to the grindstone quarries on the banks of the Chagrin, which were pronounced inexhaustible, and were worked to a considerable extent. These have been abandoned in later days, but it is by no means improbable that they may again be opened in response to the constantly increasing demand for that kind of material for building purposes. In 1848 the Cleveland and Mahoning railroad was organized, and another large subscription was obtained at Chagrin Palls, with tlie understanding that it should run through that place. It was, however, lo- cated through Solon. The same year the Chagrin Palls and Cleveland Plank Road Company was char- tered, and in this the people of the Palls invested fif- teen thousand dollars. It was partly built in 1849, and finished in 1850. It was not found to be remun- erative, and was ere long abandoned, with the excep- tion of the portion between Clevelind and Newburg. There was always an earnest feeling manifested in regard to education and all cognate subjects.' As early as 1843 a literary association was formed, and a few books were from time to time gathered. In 1847 Aristai'chus Champion, who, as before stated, was the original owner of the land in Russell, began to build a large hall, which he gave out was intended for the use of the village. In 1848, having completed it, he put in it some eight hundred volumes, which the citi- 430 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. zeos were allowed to use. The literary association also deposited their books there, and the building was known as Library Hall. Mr. Champion, however, kept the title in himself, and after a few years he re- moved the books and sold the hall. A board of edu- cation was formed in 1849, after which educational interests were supported with as much vigor as before, and under a more thorough and comprehensive system. In 1852 the Painesville and Hudson railroad was incorporated, with a capital of a million dollars, and a line was surveyed through the Falls. So determined were the people to have a communication with the outside world, at any expense, that they subscribed no less than two hundred thousand dollars, on con- dition, however, that five hundred thousand should be raised in all. This enterprise, too, could not be carried out, and Chagrin Falls was left to depend on lumber wagons as the principal means of communica- tion with Cleveland, Painesville and the other ship- ping places on the lake and canal. Nevertheless, its extraordinary water-power, and the energy of its citizens, kept the village in a pros- perous condition. It was noted, too, for the good taste displayed by the people in their dwellings and the surroundings, and he who looked upon its white cottages and well-kept yards might have thonght himself in a New England village, enriched by the labors of two centuries, rather than in one the site of which had only twenty years before been a perfect wilderness. In 1858 the Asbury Seminary building was sold to the township for a union school, for which purpose it has since been used. Thus gently, but prosperouslj', passed the time, until, in April, 1861, the guns of Sumter called the nation to arms. The people of Chagrin Falls had watched the course of events with even more than the ordinary solicitude of the loyal North. Their pro- clivity for reading and discussion had kept them wide awake on the subject, and when the tocsin sounded there was probably not a village nor a township of the size in the United States which was more ready to respond than were the village and township of Chagrin Falls. On Saturday evening after the fall of Sumter, a large meeting was held in the village to provide for answering the President's call. It was found impos- sible to conclude that night, and another meeting Wfis called for the next day. At that meeting nearly every man and woman in the township was present, and a large portion of the children. All the churches were closed, for all the people felt that when the nation was to be pulled out of the pit into which traitor hands had flung it, all days could lawfully be em- ployed. The most fiery, and yet the sternest, enthu- siasm was manifested, and as the result of the meeting the little township furnished a full company under the President's call for three months' men. Before they could be mustered in, however, the call was changed, and their services were not accepted. A large number of them at once transferred their ser- vices to other organizations, and during the war no less than a hundred and nine residents of Chagrin Palls township enlisted in defense of the Union. Their deeds are recorded in the histories of the reg- iments to which they belonged, in the first part of this woi'k, and there, also, their names ai-e enrolled. Those who remained at home were equally anxious to help to the best of their ability. On the third of September, 1861, the Chagrin Palls Soldiers' Aid Society was organized, and from thattimeuntilJune, 1865, under the efiicient leadership of its president, Miss Jane B. Church, it was active in supplying the needs of the gallant defenders of the Union. During that time eight hundred and thirty-two dollars were raised in cash for that purpose, and four hundred and six dollars in supplies. At the close it was found that there was a consider- able amount in the treasury. It was resolved by the members of the society to add somewhat to it, and to use the whole in building a monument to the men of the township who had been slain or had died in the service. This resolution was carried out, and the monument was erected during the summer in the beautiful cemetery which overlooks the village from the southeast. In September of the same year (1865), it was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies in the presence of an immense number of people fi-om that and the surrounding townships. In connection with the war we may note that Gen. Benjamin P. Pritch- ard, of the Fourth Michigan Cavalry, the captors of Jefferson Davis, had previously for many years been a resident of Chagrin Palls. Since the war no remarkable excitement has prevailed at Chagrin Palls, but there has been a steady increase in business, and the village has lost none of its old, firm reputation for enterprise and intelligence. Bentleyville has entirely ceased to exist as a place of manufactures or business. An attempt was made about 1868 to revive the city of Griffiths- burg, and a large new grist-mill was erected, but the enterprise failed even before the requisite machinery was placed in the mill. Several destructive fires have occurred in Chagrin Palls village. A valuable row of stores at the north end was burned in 1868, and in 1873 what was known as the Philadelphia Block was also destroyed by fire. But these losses were repaired, numerous handsome residences were erected, and noAv, what with its picturesque scenery, its abundant foliage, and the air of neatness and thrift which everywhere, prevails. Chagrin Palls is one of the very finest villages in northern Ohio. The number of its respective business establishments, professional men, mechanics, etc., is as as follows: Paper mills, two; foundries, three; woolen mills, one; machine shops, three; planing mills, two; wooden- ware factory, one; lumber yard, one; grist mills, two; banks, two; lawyers, two; physicians, three; dentists, two; dry goods stores, three; groceries, three; hardware stores, three; drug stores, three; CHAGRIN FALLS. m book and wall-paper store, one; jewelry, two; photog- rapher, one; furniture stores, two; shoe stores, three; bakeries, two; millinery stores, four; fancy goods ^stores, two; tin shops, two; wagon shops, two; shoe shops, two; blacksmith shops, five; harness shops, two; marble shop, one. We subjoin brief sketches of some of the principal manufacturing establishments. THE CHAGRIN FALLS PAPER COMPANY. This establishment had its origin in 1840, when Noah Graves put the necessary machinery into an old sawmill, and began the manufacture of straw-paper and wrapping-paper. In 1845} Charles Sears pur- chased an interest, the firm becoming Graves & Sears. They then began to make writing paper. In 1843 the firm became Sears & Brinsmade, and the manu- facture of printing paper was commenced. In the winter of 1843-4 Heaton & Daniels leased the mill, but in less than a year Mr. Daniels sold his interest to Thomas White. The firm of Heaton & White car- ried on the establishment until 1847, when Mr. Sears bought Heaton's interest. The business was contin- ued by Sears & White until 1850. Younglove & Hoyt then carried it on one year. At the end of that time they were Joined by D. A. Davis and Lewis Sykes, and those four, under the firm name of D. A. Davis & Uo., carried on the business successfully until 1858. In the latter year Mr. Davis and W. T. Upham bought the mill of Noah Graves and increased its ca- pacity. In 1860 Mr. Davis bought Mr. Underwood's interest, and took his son, James Davis, as a partner. This firm carried on the business until 1866, when the mill was closed. It was soon re-opened, however, and was owned in rapid succession by P. Warren, J. G. Coleman, Pratt & Pope and Parker, Pope & Co. In 1870 the latter firm began the manufacture of flour sacks on an extensive scale. In 1871 Mr. Parker sold out and the firm became Pope & Bleasdale. They bought an old peg factory and put in four large machines, and turned the old "Union House " into a sack factory. In March, 1875, Mr. Pope sold his interest to Mr. Bleasdale. The mill closed the same year. By January, 1876, the Chagrin Falls Paper Company had been organized, and had acquired the property, the following gentle- men being the directors : D. S. Pope, I. W. Pope, S. L. Pope, S. I. Pope and David Smith. This comjiany has carried on the establishment to the present time, doing a very large business and employing about fifty hands. The sack factory alone has a capacity of twenty-five thousand sacks per day. ADAMS & CO.'S PAPER MILL. The site of this mill was originally occupied by Bliss & Mayhew's flouring mill. It was changed into a woolen factory by Bliss & Pool. It was then trans- muted into a paper mill, under the proprietorship of the Lake Erie Paper Mill Company. While it be- longed to this company it was destroyed by fire. It was afterwards rebuilt and passed into the hands of Adams, Upham & Co. In 1872 Mr. Upham retired and the firm became Adams & Co., who have since been the proprietors. It is situated in the northeast- ern part of the village, at the extreme upper end of the rapids. The works occupy several large buildings and do a very extensive business, being principally devoted to the manufacture of manilla paper. Both steam and water are used, and from fifty to sixty hands are constantly given employment. BULLARD & march's WOODEN WARE FACTORY. This was established in 1843 by Curtiss Bullard and Cornelius Northrop, spinning wheels, reels, etc., be- ing then the principal article of manufacture. In 1848 Mr. Northrop sold his interest, and Mr. John Bullard was taken into the firm, which took the name of C. Bullard & Son. In 1857 it became C. Bullard & Sons, on the admission of Orson C. Bullard. New machinery was added about this time, and what is called "kitchen wooden ware" became the principal article of manufacture. In 1867 the Junior owner died, and the firm again became C. Bullard & Son. The business continued to increase, and was carried on by that firm until 1873, when Curtiss Bullard died. In 1875 J. S. Bullard became the sole proprietor and remained so until January, 1877, when Mr. George March purchased an interest and the firm became Bullard & March. In 1866 the firm obtained a patent for a new kind of butter mould, and this has since become the prin- cipal article of manufacture. Over a quarter of a million of these moulds are now made in a single year and the demand is steadily increasing. Immense numbers of butter prints, rolling pins, etc., etc., are also made, all being sold exclusively at wholesale, and being shipped to all parts of the continent. WILLIAMS' FOUNDRY AND THIMBLE SKEIN FACTORY. This establishment originated in the furnace erected by Benajah Williams in 1844, and has ever since been in the hands either of Mr. Williams or of his son, J. W. Williams, or as now, J. W. Williams & Son. From the manufacture of the simplest and rudest iron articles used in the immediate neighbor- hood, the establishment has progressed until its prod- ucts are now shipped by wholesale to all parts of Ohio and into several of the adjacent States. For many years the principal article produced has been the "seamless thimble skein," known as the " Williams skein," and celebrated for its convenience and durability. Numerous other iron articles, how- ever, are also manufactured, including sad-irons, bolster plates, pruning tools, pump reels, etc., besides a large number of wooden articles, such as axe han- dles, whiflietrees, etc.; all being renowned for their good quality, and the whole establishment, by its em- ployment of twenty artisans, contributing largely to the prosperity of the village in which it is situated. 433 THE T^OWNSHIPS op CUYAHOGA COUNTY. gauntt's machine shop. Adin Gauntt started the first maehine shop in the place in 1844, in a part of Eowe's carriage shop. After nine years of steadily increasing business, he bought the Maple Grange woolen factory in 1853, where for two years he made machinery for working wool and flax. After four years' absence he returned in 1859, and has since been constantly engaged in the manufacture of various kinds of machinery. He now has a large shop in the lower part of the village, where he manufactures planers, matchers, small steam engines, horse powers, etc., as well as all kinds of especially intricate machinery. OBER brothers' PLANING MACHINE, ETC. This establishment was built by the present propri- etors in 1873, being a sawmill, together with machines for planing and matching lumber, making mouldings, sash and blinds, and similar articles. A valuable lathe for irregular work has been patented by George Ober, and the whole establishment is in a highly flourishing condition. OTHER MANUFACTURES. Other manufactures besides the above are the Cha- grin Falls woolen mills, Eose Brothers' foundry, with Ira Smith's machine shop, D. Christian's foundry, W. A. Burnet's machine shop, J. 0. Malin's planing mill, and the Chagrin Palls marble works, begun in 1877 by H. A. Sheffield. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This was organized as an independent Congrega- tional church on the 26th day of July, 1835, the fol- lowing being the first members; Thomas N. AVest, Rebecca R. West, Alexander H. Hart, Polly Hart, Timothy W. Osborn, Sarah Osborn, Salome Crosby, Andrew Dickinson and Thomas West. On the 10th of June, 1836, the church was received into the Inde- pendent Congregational Union of Northern Ohio. On the 2d of January, 1837, it withdrew from that connection, and entered the General Association of the Western Reserve. For eight years after the organization the pulpit was occupied by various temporary supplies, of whom no record has been kept. Rev. John S. Barris preached from 1843 to 1845. Rev. Abram Nast began to serve the church as pastor on the 15th of October, 1845. On the 5th of January, 1847, a constitution was formed, and the church once more became inde- pendent. In 1850 Rev. Mr. Hopkins officiated as pastor. In September, ISol, Rev. E.D. Taylor began to servf the church in that capacity, and continued untii 1855. He was succeeded by Rev. Josiah Cannon, who closed his services in July, 1857. In June of that year the church united with the Cleveland presbyter\ of the New School Presbyterian Church. For many years after this no records show the pro- ceedings of the church, and in fact, owing to the wa; and various circumstances, during much of the time there were no regular services. In 1869 a decided effort was made to revive and strengthen the church. On the 14th of April, in that year, it was legally in- corporated under the name of the First Congrega- tional Church of Chagrin Falls. In October follow- ing, the Rev. G. W. Walker was called to the pastor- ate, and since that time the chui'ch has been steadily growing in numbers and usefulness. Mr. Walker officiated until 1872, when he retired to take part in the government of Atlanta University, Georgia. He was succeeded in January, 1873, by Rev. T. D. Childs, who remained until May, 1874. At that time Rev. A. D. Barber was called to the pulpit, which he occupied for two years. Rev. Wil- liam Woodmansee also served for two years, and was succeeded in October, 1878, by Rev. Edmund Gail. The church is now in a flourishing condition, hav- ing about a hundred and ten members. The Sabbath school attached to it has seventy-five members. The deacons are (in 1878) Lewis Gilbert, John Ober and R. W. Walters; the trustees, D. C. Eggleston, John S. Bullard and R. W. Walters; the clerk, George March. THE METHODIST CHURCH. As soon as any considerable number of persons were settled in the township, the indefatigable Metho- dist ministers began to go "on circuit" among them, preaching to those of their faith and to whomsoever else might be willing to listen to their words. Down to 1844 the services were held in school-houses and private houses, there being no other means of accom- modation. In the summer of that year, however, a Methodist church was erected at the village of Cha- grm Falls, which has ever since been occupied by the by the members of that denomination. Chagrin Falls was a part of a very extensive cir- cuit. The visits of the ministers were necessarily infrequent, and the records kept were of the most meager description. We find, however, that in 1854 the circuit contained Chagrin Falls, Mayfield, Gates' Mills, Bainbridge, Orange Hill, Orange Center, Solon, Russell and Chester. The circuit ministers were Rev. Messrs. Patterson and Pouts. These two, together with Rev. D. C. Wright, also served on the circuit in 1855. In 1857 Ciiagrin Palls and Solon were made a circuit by themselves, on which Rev. E. J. Kenney served in 1857 and '58, and Rev. T. Guy in 1859, '60 and '61. Since that time Chagrin Falls has been a separate station, with the following ministers: Thomas Stubbs, 1862, '63 and '64; John Graham, part of 1864; H. N. Stearns, 1865 and '66; John O'Neal, 1867; Geo. J. Bliss, 1868; C. T. Kingsbury, 1869 and '70; G. W. Chessebro, 1871; N. H. Holmes, 1872 and '73; W. T. Wilson, 1874; B. Bxcell, 1875 and '76; A. H. Dormer, 1877 and '78. THE DISCIPLE CHURCH. Rev. Adamson Bentley was unquestionably the principal person engaged in founding the Disciple OHAGRm FALLS. 433 Church in Chagrin Falls. In February, 1831, he moved to the point now known as Bentleyville, and at once began preaching in the nearest log school house. Before long there were abojit thirty believers gathered, and a church was constituted under the general superintendence of Mr. Bentley, with Gama- liel Kent as assistant overseer. The first deacons were R. B. Russell and Zadoc Bowell. For several years the congregation usually met at the Griffith school-house; afterwards at the village of Chagrin Falls. In 1846 a large tent-meeting of the Disciples of Cuyahoga and Geauga counties was held at Chagrin Falls, which was attended by the venerable Alexander Campbell, the most prominent minister of the de- nomination. Shortly afterward a church building was erected by the Disciples at Chagrin Falls, which has since been occupied by them. In 1849 lectures on the evidences of«Christianity were delivered at the Falls by Rev. Isaac Errett, one of the ablest and most logical of the Disciple ministers. Nine years later, James A. Garfield, then a young Disciple min- ister, since distinguished as a soldier and a statesman, defended the cause of Christianity in a vigorous dis- cussion with Dutton, a celebrated infidel lecturer, in which the youthful champion displayed much of that thoroughness of information and closeness of reason- ing for which he has in later years become celebrated on a wider field. Since the war the church has steadily increased in numbers and vigor, and now contains about a hun- dred and forty members, with the following officers: J. G. Coleman and C. H. Welton, overseers; George M. King, Ransom Bliss and Martin Bentley, deacons; Mrs. Jennie Burns, Mrs. Louisa M. Tucker, Mrs. Calista McClintock, deaconesses. Ministers have not been regularly employed during the whole of the time since the organization of the church, but have been during a large part of it; the following being the principal persons who have oc- cupied the pulpit: Adamson Bentley, Wm. Hayden, W. S. Hamlin, W. T. Horner, James A. Garfield, J. H. Rhodes, B. A. Hinsdale, Sterling McBride, R. G. White, W. S. Hayden, J. G. Coleman, Andrew Burns (1873 to 1878)t and James Vernon, the present incumbent. THE FKEB WILL BAPTIST CHUECH. This church was originally organized on the 25th day of August, 1839, at the Isham school house in the township of Russell, Geauga county, by Rev. A. K. Moulton, with nine members, viz. : Henry E. Whipple, John Walters, Reuben R. Walters, Jehiel Goodwill, Emily Walters, Sarah S. Morse, Hannah Mason, Faustina L. McConoughy, Lucy Goodwill. The first pastor was A. K. Moulton; the first deacon, appointed in January, 1840, was John Walters, who still holds that position; the second deacon was Wm. S. Phillips. In February, 1841, the church was legally incor- porated by the name of the Russell Free Will Baptist Church, and in August following, John Walters, Otis B. Bliss and R. R. Walters were elected trustees. Mr. Moulton's pastorate closed in September, 1841. A year or two later the congregation, having in- creased in members, began the erection of the framed house of worship at Chagrin Falls still occupied by them. It was dedicated in 1844, but was not finished until 1845. In February of the latter year the church took the name of the Chagrin Falls First Free Will Baptist Church. We are able to give a full list of the pastors with their terms of service, the church record being of ex- ceptional excellence. A. K. Moulton, August, 1839 to September, 1841; A. R. Crafts, January, 1843 to April, 1843; Walter D. Stanard, June, 1843 to Au- gust, 1844; P. W. Belknap, six months; A. R. Crafts one year; B. H. Higbee, June, 1846 to February, 1848; G. H. Ball, May, 1849 to November, 1849; ISTorman Star, January, 1850 to January, 1851. From this time until 1858 there was no regular pas- tor, the pulpit being supplied by the Rev. Messrs. Daniel H. Miller, D. W. Edwards, J. C. Miller, and others. Rev. E. 'N. Wright was pastor from February, 1858, nearly three years. The pulpit was then sup- plied by Rev. Messrs. Darius Woodworth, R. Clark, E. H. Higbee, R. Coley and others. Wm. L. Hosier served from April, 1863 to July, 1863. George Thomas and others supplied the place of a pastor un- til October, 1864. Rev. B. E. Baker served from that time until October, 1867; W. Whitacre, from October, 1867 to February, 1873; C. Steele from then till the present time. During these years there have been two hundred and seventy-seven members of the church, the pre- sent number being sixty-four. The present officers (1878) are as follows: Deacon, John Walters; trus- tees, Wm. E. Walters, Augustus R. Vincent, Irwin N. Warner; clerk, R. R. Walters. THE BIBLE CHRISTIAN CHUECH. The Bible Christian Church at Chagrin Falls was organized in 1846 with seventeen members. The denomination, which resembles the Methodists in many respects, is of English origin, and this church was established on account of the migration of a number of English families hither shortly before the year just mentioned. In 1851 the church had increased so that it was able to build a small, framed house of worship, which was occupied by them until 1874, when the present commodious brick edifice was erected. The society was legally incorporated in 1869. The ministers have been Rev. Messrs. George Rip- pin, John Chapel, Joseph Hodge, William Roach, William Hooper, George Haycraft, John Pinch, L. W. Nicket, J. Harris, J. Chapel, R. Mallet and L. W. Nicket again. The church rs now in a fiourish- 55 434 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ing condition, with sixty-two members, and with a Sunday school of about ninety members. GOLDEN GATE LODGE NO. 345, F. AND A. M. This lodge was chartered on the 19th day of Octo- ber, 1854, the following being the charter members: Caleb Earl, Orison Cathan, Jonathan Cole, Apollo Hewitt, Roderick White, Nathan Hobart, S. B. Kel- logg, Samuel Sunderland, Thomas White, L. D. Mix, Henry Burnet. The Worthy Masters in succession have been as follows: Caleb Earl, L. D. Mix, D. A. Davis, S. L. Wilkinson, M. A. Lander, C. M. Foote, R. W. Wal- ters, H. M. Doty. The following officers were in authority in 1878; H. M. Doty, W. M. ; C. M. Foote, S. W. ; James Lowrie, J. W. ; F. E. Adams, treasurer; E. W. Force, secretary; Philip Heintz, S. D.; J. W. Smith, J. D.; S. A. Bayard, tyler. CHAGEIN FALLS LODGE NO. 290, I. 0. 0. F. This lodge was organized on the 29th day of June, 1855, the charter members being Thomas M. Bayard, John W. Williams, H. A. Robinson, Uriah Ackley and Bennett Robbins. The following gentlemen have served in succession as Noble Grands of the lodge for one term of six months each, uuless otherwise speci- fied: J. M. Bayard, J. W. Williams, H. A. Robinson, S. N. Pelton (two terms), J. A. Foote (two terms), W. W. Ainger, G. S. Rathbun, H. W. Curtis, E. Sheffield, J. H. Vincent, L. A. Sunderland, L. B. McFarland, D. White, H. H. Caley (two terms), A. H. Burnett (two terms), H. Washburn, G. F. Stan- hope, W. T. Armour, W^ E. Walters, W. A. Braund, George Thomas, L. 0. Harris, R. W. Walters, J. J. Davis, W. W. Phillips, C. R. Bliss, John Brooks, W. D. Stannard, D. Goddard, 0. F. Frazer, E. F. Douglas, H. A. Pardee, M. H. Isham, W. W. Wilber, 0. A. Crane, John Armour, A. B. Gardner (two terms), H. U. Bigelow, Wilson Wyckoff, John Haggett, M. F. Brewster. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. ■* 1845. Trustees, Ralph E, Russell, StougMon Bentley, B. H. Bosworth; clerk, A. Knox; treasurer, Thomas Shaw; assessor, George Stocking. 1846. Trustees, B. H. Bosworth, R. E. Russell, Charles E. Morton; clerk, A. Knox; treasurer, O. Bliss; assessor, Geo. Stocking. 1847. Trustees, B. H. Bosworth, R. E. Russell, Harmon Barrows; clerk, David Birchard; treasurer, John Mayhew; assessor, Noah Graves. 1848. Trustees, R. E. Russell, Leonard Sampson, E. P. Wolcott; clerk, David Birchard; treasurer, J. A. Brown; assessor, Noah Graves. 1840. Trustees, R. E. Russell, E. P. Wolcott, Samuel Pool; clerk, Thomas Shaw; treasurer, Abel Fisher; assessor, N. Graves. 1850. Trustees, R. E. Russell, L. Lampson, Hannibal Goodell; clerk' L. D. Mix; treasurer, Chas. Force; assessor, N. Graves. 1851. Trustees, E. P. Wolcott, S. Pool, R. E. Russell; clerk, A. J. Wil- liams; treasurer, A. Fisher; assessor, N. Graves. 1853. Trustees, Horace Waite, S. Pool, R. E. Russell; clerk, John V. Smith; treasurer, A. Fisher; assessor, Geo. Faukell. 1853. Trustees, S. Pool, Geo. Gladden, H. Goodell; clerk, S. K. Col- lins; treasurer, J. H. Burnet; assessor, Geo. Faukell. 1854. Trustees, Alonzo Harlow, H. Goodell, Ephraim Sheffield; clerk, S. K. Collins; treasurer, J. H, Burnett; assessor, J. W. Williams. 1855. Trustees, H. Goodell, A. Harlow, E. Sheffield; clerk, E. P. Wol- cott; treasurer, A. XJpham; assessor, Jonathan Cole. 1856. Trustees, H. GoodeU, E. Sheffield, E. R. Sage; clerk, A. Harlow; treasurer, A. Upham; assessor, J. Cole. 1857. Trustees, H. Goodell, E. Sheffield, A. Upham; clerk, Thomas Shaw; treasurer, G. B. Rogers; assessor, G. G. Msrris. 1858. Trustees, H. Goodell, E. Sheffield, A. TTpham; clerk, Thomas Shaw; treasurer, G. B. Rogers; assessor, S. L. Wilkinson. 1859. Trustees, H. Goodell, E. Sheffield, A. Upham; clerk, h. D. Mix; treasurer, Chas. Force; assessor, L. B. McFarland. 1860. Trustees, S. Pool, Orrin Nash, H. Goodell; clerk, T. Shaw; treas- urer, A. Upham ; assessor, E. B. Upham. 1861. L. E. Goodwin, E. Sheffield, Julius Kent; clerk, Thomas Shaw; treasurer, L. B. McFarland; assessor, E. M. Eggleston. 1862. Trustees, E. Sheffield, L. D. Mix, Charles Force; clerk, T. Shaw; treasurer, L. B. McFarland; assessor, E. M. Eggleston. 1863. Trustees, B. Sheffield, L. D. Mix, Charles Force; clerk, Lucius E. Goodwin; treasurer, L. B. McFarlind; assessor, E. M. Eggleston. 1864. Trustees, E. Sheffield, L. D. Mix, Charles Force; clerk, W. J. Armour; treasurer, L. B. McFarland; assessor, E. M. Eggleston. 1865. Trustees, Charles Force, E. Sheffield, E. M. Eggleston; clerk, W. J. Armour; treasurer, L, B. McFarland; assessor, E. B. Upham. 1866. Trustees, E. Sheffield, C. Force, W. W. Collins; clerk, W. J. Ar- mour; treasurer, L. B. McFarland; assessor, L. A. Sunderland. 1867. Trustees, E. Sheffield, W. W. Collins, H. Goodell; clerk, George King ; treasurer, Th. Shaw ; assessor, A. H. Rogers. 1868. Trustees, C. Force, S. W. Brewster, Silas Christian; clerk, Elea- zer Goodwin; treasurer, Thomas Shaw; assessor, E. B. Upham. 1869. Trustees, C. Force, S. W. Brewster, Silas Christian; clerk, C. E. Bliss; treasurer, T. Shaw; assessor, E. B. Upham. 1870. Trustees, C. Force, S. Christian, J. G. Coleman; clerk, W. H. Caley; treasurer, T. Shaw; assessor, E. B. Upham. 1871. Trustees, J. G. Coleman, S. Christian, Washington Gates; clerk, W. H. Caley; treasurer, T. Shaw; assessor, George Gladden. 1873. Trustees, C. Force, Wm. Hutohings, Alex. Frazer; clerk, Aus- tin Church; treasurer, T. Shaw; assessor, George Gladden. 1873. Trustees, C. Force, W. Hutchings, A. Frazer; clerk, A. Church; treasurer, T. Shaw ; assessor. Geo. Gladden. 1874. Trustees, C. Force, Wm. Hutchings, A. Frazer; clerk, A. Church; treasurer, Alfred Williams; assessor, George Gladden. 1875. Trustees, C. Force, Wm. Hutchings A. Frazer; clerk, A. Church; treasurer, A. Williams; assessor, George Gladden. 1876. Trustees, C. Force, Wm. Hutchings, A. Frazer; clerk, A. Church; treasurer, A. Williams; assessor, George Gladden. 1877. Trustees, Z. K. Eggleston, Wm. Hutchings, A. Church; clerk, D. O. Davis; treasurer, Joseph J. Davis; assessor, George Gladden. 1878. Trustees, Chas. Force, Alfred Church, Wm. Hutchings; clerk D. O. Davis; treasurer, J. J. Davis; assessor, Geo. Gladden. 1879. Trustees, Austin Church, Z. K. Eggleston, Silas Christian; clerk, D. O. Davis; treasurer, J. J. Davis; assessor, L. O. Harris. HARVEY W, CURTISS. Harvey Willard Curtiss, M. D., was born at Charle.s- town. Portage county, Ohio, on the 32nd day of Feb- ruary, 1824. He is the son of Chauncey B. Curtiss, a leading farmer and a man of large social and political influence in Portage county, who takes an active in- terest in public affairs, and has filled at different times numerous local offices of trust. The subject of this notice studied at and was graduated from the Grand River Institute, in Ash- tabula county. In 1849 he commenced the study of medicine, and in 1851 was graduated from Cleveland Medical College. He entered upon the practice of his profession in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, but was obliged, on account of ill health, to leave the city. He then, in 1853, removed to Chagrin Falls, Ohio, where he has since resided. Like his father, he early became interested in polit- ical affairs, and when but nineteen years of age "stumped" his native county in the interests of the Liberty party of that day. Upon the organization of the Republican party he united with that body, and became active in local politics. In the fall of 18G9 he was elected a representative from Cuyahoga county in the Ohio legislature, taking DOVBE. 435 his seat in January, 1870. The question whether Ohio should ratify the fifteenth amendment to the United States constitution was before the legislature during that year and Mr. Curtiss took an active part in securing the ratification. He served as a member of the committees on railroads and benevolent insti- tutions. In 1871 he was re-elected to the legislature, and on taking his seat in 1872 was appointed chair- man of the committee on railroads, besides holding places on several other committees. During this term a number of bills of more or less importance were ad- vocated by him with marked success. He also intro- duced a bill for the prevention of cruelty to animals, the first legislation on this subject in the State. This bill met with great opposition, but by persistent ef- forts of Dr. Curtiss and some others, a majority of the legislature was convinced of its propriety and it was duly passed. In October, 1873, he was elected to the State senate. The political party to which he belonged was in the minoritv at that time, and hence he was assigned to inferior places on committees. Instead of forwarding desirable measures he was engaged in combating those he considered deletei'ious, among the most noted of which was the "Geghan bill," which it was claimed was introduced and pressed in the interest of the Eo- man Catholic church. In 1875 he was again elected to the senate, and served as president jiro tern. Upon the resignation of Gov. Hayes and the installation of the lieutenant governor as acting governor in the spring of 1877, Mr. Curtiss was made president of the senate and acting lieutenant governor. He took an active part in the debates during this term. In the fall of 1877 Dr. Curtiss peremptorily refused to become a candidate for renomination, and in- structed the delegates from his township under no cir- cumstances tO' allow his name to go before the conven- tion. There was, however, such a strong desire to see him again in the field, that one hour before the con- vention organized parties were dispatched to the Her- ald o&.cq and a few ballots were hurriedly printed. Upon the second ballot Dr. Curtiss was renominated over four competitors. He accepted with great re- luctance, but was elected and served the full term of two years. In addition to his legislative duties he has taken an active and a prominent part in the administration of local affairs. He served for fifteen years as a member of the village school board, and then resigned. Three years after he was again induced to become a candi- date, and in the spring of 1879 his name was placed on both tickets. He was re-elected by an almost unan- imous vote. As a politician he ever preserved the strictest honor and integrity. Possessing great ability, tact and skill as a legislator, he always exerted his influence in the cause of right and justice. During the rebellion he was an ardent supporter of the Union, and contrib- uted in different ways to the assistance of the National cause. He is an active and valued member of the Masonic order, and also of the order of Odd Fel- lows. Dr. Curtiss is a man of strong and unflinching will. He is willing to receive the advice of others, but when he has once decided on his course, adheres to it with extraordinary firmness. As a physician he has been pre-eminently successful, and has attained a wide celebrity. Of dignified presence, courteous address and high character, he is in evei-y way fitted for his profession of physician, as well as for the position of a representative of the people. In Chagrin Palls he is to a considerable extent the adviser of both poor and rich, quite a number of the citizens making a consultation with Dr. Curtiss the first step in any im- portant transaction. He was married in 1846 to Miss Olive B. Eood of Charlestown. They have had four children: D wight C, engaged in the manufacture of paper in Aliron; Dan P., a promising lad who died at the age of thirteen; Paul, and Virginia. CHAPTEE LXXIII. DOVEK. Boundaries, Surface, etc.— Attractions as a Place of Residence— Early Settlement— Joseph Cahoon— The Old Tea Kettle— Oahoon Pioneer Association— A Large Hiding Whip— Asahel Porter— First Store— Leverett Johnson— Philo Taylor— Dr. Turner— The Flat-iron Cure- Other Pioneers— Blood's Tavern— J. & N. Crocker— Moses Hall and Family— Amos Sperry- Sylvanus Smith and Others— First Births and Marriages — Drowning of Mrs. Porter— Captured by Indians— Civil Or- ganization—First Election and Offlcers— List of Principal Ofacers— Dover Center and North Dover- Post Offtoes— Second. Congregational Church— Methodist Church at Dover Center— Lake Shore Methodist Church— First Baptist Church— St. John's Church— Lutheran Church — Schools- Dover Academy— Agricultural Society— Dover Lodge, I. O. O. F. Northwest Encampment— Daughters of Eebekah— Other Or- ganizations—Burial Places— Dover Furnace— The Grist Mill, Etc.— Wischmeyer's Vineyards— Dover L ay Grape Company— Stone Quar- Thb township of Dover, which occupies the extreme northwestern corner of Cuyahoga county, is bound- ed by Lake Erie on the north; by the township of Olmsted on the south ; by Eockport on the east, and by Avon, in Lorain county, on the west. It is town- ship number seven in range fifteen, and covers an area of about twenty-five square miles. The surface is generally level or gently undulating, the soil is fruitful, and the people are chiefly engaged in agri- cultural pursuits. The farmers as a rule are men of education and good understanding, and they have not only trans- formed the forest of sixty years ago into fine-looking farms, but they have also embellished it with many handsome residences — evidences at once of refinement and wealth. The lake shore region is largely devoted to the culture of the grape, the business being exten- sive and profitable. Fruit-growing has latterly re- ceived liberal attention in all parts of the township, and in time this branch of agriculture is likely to be- come very important. The public roads are numer- ous and well constructed, but as yet the limits of Dover have been untouched by a railway, although there is convenient railway communication at stations 436 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. near at hand in other townships. Although there are numerous small streams their water power is feeble, and is used to only a very limited extent. As a place of residence, especially in the summer time and near the lake shore, Dover has attracted much attention, and in the season mentioned many come within its borders to seek the healthful atmosphere and cooling zephyrs found upon the bluffs which overlook Lake Erie. EARLY SETTLEMEN"T. The first white person to settle in what is now the township of Dover was Joseph Cahoon, who migrated with his family from Vergennes, Vermont, and on the morning of October 10, 1810, located upon land purchased of Datus Kelley, the agent for Hubbard & Stowe, the Connecticut owners of this portion of the Western Reserve. Mr. Gaboon's family consisted of himself, wife and seven children, of which latter the only one now living is Joel B. Cahoon, who, at the age of eighty-six, still resides ou the old homestead. They traveled from Vermont to Dover in a wagon drawn by four horses, and a fifth horse was ridden by the girls in turn, in order to give some relief to a ter- ribly tedious journey. They finally stopped on lot eighty-five, on the east side of Cahoon creek, at its mouth. In four days Mr. Cahoon had completed a log house, the big wagon-box having meanwhile served as a place of nightly repose for the females of the family. The tea-kettle which did duty on the occasion of the first meal taken by the Cahoon family in Dover is still in the possession of Joel B. Cahoon, and at the first celebration by the Gaboon Pioneer Association (held October 10, 1860, on the spot where Joseph Cahoon built his log house in 1810), a fire was built on the old hearth-stone, tea was steeped in the old tea kettle, and pies were eaten and made from apples borne by the first fruit-tree set out in the township. The Gaboon Pioneer Association, it may be noted, has for its purpose the annual celebration in a pleas- ant and social way of Joseph Gaboon's settlement in Dover. Meetings are held upon the, Cahoon place, and are participated in only by members of the Ca- hoon family and their immediate friends. At the meeting in 1878, about one hundred and twenty per- sons were present. These assemblages were held for a few years upon each 10th of October — the anniver- sary of Joseph Gaboon's settlement — but, in deference to the wishes of some aged people, the date was changed to August 28, the anniversary of that gentle- man's birth. Joseph Cahoon built upon Gaboon's creek the first grist-mill west of the Cuyahoga river, the frame being raised September 10, 18ia,* the day of Perry's vic- * There seems to have been a good deal of building and raising on the lake shore that day. One lot of men were finishing the court-house at Cleveland; another was raising a barn in Euclid; Mr. Cahoon and his friends were raising a grist-miU ia Dover, and there were perhaps other instances, of which we have not heard. tory. Joseph and his son, Joel B., quarried two mill- stones in the creek at North Dover, and these stones are now preserved on Mr. Gaboon's place as relics of the olden time. They also erected a saw-mill near by, and likewise a distillery, where they made peach brandy — Mr. Cahoon engaging to some extent in peach culture. In 1814 Joel was sent by his father to Brownhelm for a man to assist in the distillery, and before he set out on his return he pulled a small locust plant for a riding whip. When he reached home he planted it upon his father's place, and now the riding whip, grown to a handsome tree of massive proportions, shades the lawn in front of the Gaboon homestead, a graceful reminder of the historic past. In 1818 Joseph Gaboon built the house now occu- pied by his son Joel B., and there he died in 1829, at the age of seventy-five. On the evening of the day on which Joseph Ga- boon and his family entered Dover (October 10, 1810), Asahel Porter and his family, together with Leverett Johnson (his nephew), then in his seventeenth year, came into the same township. Leverett Johnson had been living with the family in Connecticut, whence they came to Dover. Mr. Porter, with the assist- ance of Grcorge Peake, of Eoekport, put up a log house upon lot ninety-four, now occupied by Charles Hassler. The sjDot upon which the house stood was long ago washed into the lake. Of the two children who came with Mr. Porter, one, Mrs. Catharine Foot, still resides in Dover, aged seventy-three. Mrs. Porter was drowned in Eocky river in 1814, and not long after that event Mr. Porter removed to Eoek- port, after renting his Dover farm to Silas and Elisha Taylor. Before that, however, he kept a store on the lake shore, in Dover, and was postmaster there in 1815. The book in which he kept his store accounts is now in the possession of L. H. Johnson, Esq., of Dover. Almost immediately after his arrival in Dover, Leverett Johnson, although scarcely more than a boy, began alone to clear land on lot fifty-eight, continuing to live, however, with Mr. Porter. Two years later young Johnson located upon lot thirteen, where his son, L. H. Johnson, now resides. Usually he spent his Sundays at Mr. Porter's, but during the week lived alone in the wilderness. During the first sea- son his house consisted of a bark roof set against an old log. He was the only settler in that section, and no doubt found life somewhat lonesome; but he worked sturdily away, and, although Indians and wild beasts were plentiful, he suffered no molestation. The Indians were friendly, and sometimes assisted him in his farm labors; the wild beasts he scared away at night by keeping up a fire. Young Johnson mar- ried Abigail Gaboon in 1814, and conducted his bride to a new log-house, which be had that year erected upon his farm. Mr. Johnson was early a prominent member of the settlement, and during his life was frequently called DOVER. 437 to fill positions of considerable importance. He was justice of the peace from 1827 to 1833, and served five terms in the State legislature. After a useful life of unwonted activity, he died upon the old home- stead in 1856, in his sixty-secftud year. Philo Taylor, an early settler in Rockport, located on the lake shore in Dover, in 1811, and there built the first sawmill in the township. He also opened the first tavern in Dover, but remained in the town- ship only a few years. Dr. John Turner, also a Rock- port settler, moved thence to Dover in 1813, locating on the place no\v occupied by C. C. Reed. He was the first physician in the township, and had a pecul- iar theory about consumption. He contended that if the patient would exercise daily by swinging a flat- iron in each hand, a cure would be effected. His wife, being consumptive, tried the remedy, but died in spite of it. Dr. Turner afterwards moved to Carlisle, Ohio, and thence to Wisconsin, where he died. Joseph Stocking came out from Ashfield, Massachu- setts, with his uncle, Jonathan Smith, in 1811, and purchased land from the latter, in Dover. He re- turned to Massachusetts for his family, but postponed their removal on account of the war of 1812. In 1815, however, he migrated to Dover with his wife and five children, accompanied by Nehemiah Porter, John Smith, Asa Blood, Wells Porter, Jesse Lilly and Eyal Holden — all being related to him by blood or marriage. He migrated to Dover, and located upon the place now occupied by his son Joseph. There he lived until his death in 1877, at the age of ninety-five years and three months. Jesse Lilly settled first upon the North Ridge, but moved subsequently to the southern part of the town- ship. John Smith located on lot fifty-five, and Ryal Holden about a mile and a half west of the present village of Dover Center. Soon after his arrival, Asa Blood built a log tavern at the place where he after- wards erected the brick hotel now kept by Philip Phillips. In 1825, when Blood was postmaster, one Woolverton drove a mail stage between Cleveland and Elyria, and delivered the mail at Dover Center three times a week. Nehemiah Porter, with his wife and two children, and Wells Porter, a bachelor, located on lot forty-five. After residing with Nehemiah two years. Wells made a settlement upon lot fifteen. In 1816 Bbenezer Porter also came to Dover. Nehemiah and Ebenezer resided in that township until they died; Wells moved to Cleveland, and ended his days there. Jede- diah Crocker moved in June, 1811, from Lee, Mass- achusetts, with his wife and seven children, to Euclid, Ohio, whence Noah, his son, went to Dover, where the elder owned land. Noah, with his wife and three children, settled upon a portion of his father's land, and besides giving it some of his attention, used to go occasionally to Elyria to work in a furnace. He resided in Dover until his death; his children all re- moved farther west. In 1816 Jedediah Crocker left Euclid, and with his family settled in Dover, upon the place cleared by his son Noah. The old gentle- inan had purchased considerable land in Dover from Hubbard & Stowe in Connecticut, but after his ar- rival in the West sold all of it except two lots, at $1.25 per acre — just what it had cost him. At the time of his settlement his nearest neighbors were Barnabas Hall, Thomas Foot, Sylvanus Phinney, Bernard Case, Jesse Lilly, Jonathan Smith, and Henry and Jasher Taylor. Moses Hall, of Lee, Massachusetts, bought twenty- one hundred acres of land in Dover in 1810, and in the same year removed with his twelve children to Ashtabula, Ohio. Of the Dover tract, he gave to each of his seven sons one hundred acres, and to each of his five daughters fifty acres. Two of his sons Barnabas and James, and one of his daughters, with her husband, Nathan Bassett, settled in Dover in 1811. Barnabas Hall located on lot sixty-two, now occupied by his son Charles, and remained there till his death. James settled upon lot fifty-one, but in 1821 returned to Ashtabula, where he has since re- sided, having in July, 1879, reached his eighty- eighth year. Nathan Bassett occupied lot eighty-two. He had a turning-lathe, and manufactured chairs, and was also known far and near as a great hunter and manager of bees. He was killed by lightning while at work in his barn in 1842. Nancy, another daughter of Moses Hall, married David Ingersoll, and in 1820 they settled in Dover upon lot thirty- seven. They had seven children, but survived them all; he dying in January, 1879, aged eighty-three, and she in April of the same year, aged eighty. Charles, a son of Moses Hall, settled in Dover in 1821, upon lot forty-eight. He died in April, 1878. His surviving sons in Dover are Reuben and Z. S. Hall. In 1817 Jesse Atwell, with his wife and five chil- dren, came from Steuben county. New York, and on the 4th of July landed at Cleveland. From there they pushed on to Dover, traveling so slowly that they were a day and a half in going to Rocky river, and seeing but one fi-anied house on the way. Mr. Atwell had bought lot sixty-eight of Moses Hall, but at the end of five years he bought lot seventy-nine from Hubbard & Stowe for four dollars and twenty cents an acre. There he resided until his death in 1875, aged eighty-nine. Amos Sperry came west from Oneida county, New York in 1815, and purchased lot sixty of Lyman Root, an early settler upon it, who then moved to Ridgeville. Mr. Sperry opened a blacksmith shop and a tavern on his place as soon as 1818, although he put up no tavern-sign until 1824. That sign was recently in the possession of the Sperry family. Mi-. Sperry kept tavern there only a few years, but fol- lowed farming upon his place until his death in 1848, at the ripe age of eighty-seven. His son, Amos Ran- som Sperry, who had preceded him into Dover a year, resided upon the homestead until he died. Junia Sperry, of Dover Center, is the only direct descend- 438 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ant of Amos Sperry now living. In 1818 Amos E. Sperry married the widow of Jnnia Beach, one of Elyriu's early settlers. She survived her last hus- band many years, dying in Rockport in 1877, aged one hundred years. Among other early settlers in Dover were Jason Bradley, Jolm Wolf, Jethro Butler, Aaron Aldrich, Lyman Root, Bber Loomis and Joseph Root. Sylvauus Smith was the first settler at the place now known as Dover Center, and built a house upon the site of the store now there. Asa Blood, who kept the first tavern at the center, married a sister of Sylvauus Smith, and two other sisters of Smith married Ansel Rice and Asher Cooley, both Dover pioneers. Mr. Smith was a wide-awake, stir- ring citizen, a strong, advocate of the temperance cause, and the builder of several houses at the center. In 1836 Joseph Porter, of Ashfield, Massachusetts, migrated to Dover with four children — Jemima, John, Leonard and Rebecca, going by way of the Brie canal to Buffalo, thence by lake to Cleveland, and the rest of the way by stage. Mr. Porter located on lot four- teen, where he died in 1841, at the age of eighty-four. James Case, v/ith a family of nine children, moved in 1816 from Ashfield, Massachusetts, to Dover, and lo- cated on the North Ridge, west of Cahoou's creek, where he soon after put up a sawmill. He died in less than two years, leaving his eldest son, Bernard, to care for the family. He moved about 1826 to New York. Another son, Osborn Case, is now a resident of Rockport, whither he went in 1832. James Case liad served as a privateer in the war of 1776, and dur- ing his residence in Dover had followed the pursuits of a cooper, a miller, and a farmer. Sumner Adams accompanied Case from Massachusetts to Dover, whore he engaged in business as a blacksmith, re- turning, however, to New England at the expiration of four years. EARLY IXCIDENTS. The first white child born m the township was Angelina, daughter of Asahel Portei'. The date of her birth was April 1, 1812. It is claimed that Vesta, daughter of Nathan Bassett, was the first born, but the bast available evidence shows the date of her birth to have been June 14, 1812. The first male child born in Dover was Franklin, son of Joseph Cahoon. The first marriage in the township was that of Lev- erett Joimson and Abigail, daughter of Joseph Ca- hoon. John S. Reed, of Black River, — the first jus- tice of the peace chosen in Dover, — performed the marriage service in Cahoon's log house. The second couple married were Jethro Butler and Betsey Smith. On the 1st day of April, 1814, Asahel Porter's wife and infant child, Noah Crocker, .and George, son of Jonathan Smith, made a journey to Cleveland in an open boat. Upon their return, being overtaken by a storm, they sought to put in at the mouth of Rocky river, when the boat was capsized and Mrs. Portei', her babe, and George Smith were drowned, Crocker alone escaping. The daughter of Daniel Page— who settled at an early date on lot ninety-seven and put up the first framed house in Dover— while tempora- rily sojourning in an adjoining township, was carried away by Indians, from whom, however, after a brief captivity, she was recaptured by United States sol- diers. ORGANIZATION. The surveyed township now constituting Dover (No. seven in range fifteen) was, at the time of its earliest settlement, owned by Nehemiah Hubbard and Josiah Stowe, to whom it had fallen on the division of the Western Reserve among the joint proprietors, as narra- ted in the general history. The civil township of Do- ver was formed November 4, 1811, and embraced a large tract, extending nearly twenty-five miles along the lake shore as appears by the following extracts from the records: November 4, 1811, it was by the county commissioners ordered ''that the following townships be and are hereby incorporated into a separate town" ship by the name of Dover, viz: Townships No. seven in fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth ranges and all that part of No. seven which lies east of the Black river in the eighteenth range, and to be in efEect on the next annual meeting." * * * March 6, 1812, it was further ordered "that all that tract of land lying west of the town of Dover and west of township No. six in range sixteen, and east of the east line of the Fire-lands, so called, and north of township five in ranges seventeen, eighteen and nineteen, be and is hereby annexed to said township of Dover." The first township election was held April 6, 1812, at the house of Philo Taylor, at which eighteen votes were cast by the following electors : Philo Taylor, George Kelso, John Jordan, John Brittle, Noah Da- vis, Andrew Kelso, Timothy Wallace, David Smith, Joseph Cahoon, Joseph Quigley, Ralph Lyon, Joseph Root, Jonathan Seeley, Moses Eldred, Azariah Beebe, Lyman Root, Asahel Porter and Daniel Perry. Some of these lived as far west as Black river, and some lost all identity with Dover, on account of its con- traction to its present limits. The ofl&cers chosen at that election were Asahel Porter, township clerk; Daniel Perry, Joseph Quigley and Asahel Porter, trustees; Asahel Porter, Joseph Cahoon and Azariah Beebe, overseers of the poor; Andrew Kelso and Moses Eldred, fence viewers; Jonathan Seeley, lister and appraiser; Noah Davis, Ralph Lyon, Moses Eldred, Sylvanus Fleming, Daniel Brittle and Lyman Root, supervisors of highways; Philo Taylor, treasurer; Jonathan Seeley and Philo Taylor, constables. On the 16th of May, 1812, John S. Reed was chosen justice of the peace. At the second election, which was for State officers, only ten votes were cast. In 1819 but thirty-two votes were cast at the township election. The names of the per- sons who have served the township as trustees, clerks and treasurers from 1813 to 1879, are given in the following list: DOVER. 439 1312. Trustees, Daniel Perry, Joseph Qai^ley, Asauol Porter; clerk, Asahel Porter; treasurer, Philo Taylor. 1813. Trustees, Nathan Bassett, Noah Crocker, Daniel Perry; clerk, Asahel Porter; treasurer, Philo Taylor. 1814. Trustees. Daniel Perry, Jonathan Taylor, John Turner; clerk, Asahel Porter; treasurer, Philo Taylor. 1815. Trustees, Amos E. Sperry, Daniel Perry, Nathan Bassett; clerk, .Tohn Turner; treasurer, Leverett Johnson. 1818. Trustees, Wilbur Cahoon, Nathan Bassett, Datus Kelley ; clei k, Noah Crocker; treasurer, Leverett Johnson. 1817. Trustees, Nathan Bassett, Joseph Stocking, Asa Blood; clerk, Noah Crocker; treasurer, Leverett Johnson. 181S. ^Tru3te8s, Henry Taylor. Leverett Johnson, Samuel Crocker; clerk, Noah Crocker; treasurer, Thomas Foot. 1819. Trustees, John Smith, Samuel Crocker, Amos Cahoon ; clerk, Thomas Foot; treasurer, Samuel Crocker. 1820. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Amos Cahoon, Thomas Foot; clerk, Samuel Crocker; treasurer, Jedediah Crocker. 1821. Trustees, Nathan Bassett, Amos E. Sperry, Leverett Johnson; clerk, John F. Smith ; treasurer, Amos E. Sperry. 1823. Trustees, Amos R. Sperry, Noah Crocker, Amos Cahoon; clerk, John F. Smith; treasurer, Henry Taylor. 182:3. Trustees, Noah Crocker, Amos Cahoon, David IngersoU ; clerk, Asa Blood; treasurer, Henry Taylor. 1824. Trustees, Nathan Bassett . David Ingersoll, Thomas Foot ; clerk, Asa Blood; treasurer, Henry Taylor. 1825. Trustees, Nathan Bassett, Joseph Stocking, Asher M. Coe; clerk. Wells Porter; treasurer, Noah Crocker. 1826. Trustees, Joseph Stocking, Thomas Foot; clerk. Wells Poi-ter; treasurer, Noah Crocker. 1827. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Nathan Bassett, John Smith; clerk, Wells Porter; treasurer, Joseph Stocking. 1828. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, John Smith, Thos. Foot; clerk. Wells Porter; treasurer, Joseph Stocking. 1329. Trustees, Thos. Foot, Joseph Stocking, Leverett Johnson; clerk. Wells Porter; treasurer, Hiram Smith. 1830. Trustees, Nathan Bassett, Asa Blood, Amos E. Sperry; clerk, Wells Porter; treasurer, Hiram Smith. 1831. Trustees, A. M. Coe, Asa Blood, Thos. Foot; clerk, Jason Brad- ley; treasurer, Hiram Smith. 18.32. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Nathan Bassett, A. M. Coe; clerk, Eli Clemens ; treasurer, Hiram Smith. 1833. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Rial Holden, Asa Blood; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley. 1831. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Chas. Hall, Leverett Johnson; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley. 1835. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Leverett Johnson, Amos E. Sperry; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley. 1836 and 1837. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, Leverett Johnson, Thomas Foot; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley. 1838. Trustees, A. E Sperry, Nathan Bassett, Austin Lilly ; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley. 1839. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Nathan Bassett, Austin Lilly ; clerk Eli Clemens; treasurer, Asher Cooley. 1840. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Arza Dickinson, Aaron Aldrich; clerk, EU Clemens; treasurer, L. G. Porter. 1841. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Thomas JToot, Charles Hall; clerk, EU Clemens; treasurer, L G. Porter. 1842. Trustees, Amos Cahoon, A. S. Farr, A. E. Sperry; clerk, E. T. Smith; treasurer, Marius Moore. 1843. Trustees, A. 8. Farr, Austin Lilly, A. M. Coe; clerk, E. T. Smith; treasurer, Marius Moore. 1844. Trustees Joseph Brown, Leverett Johnson, Benjamin Reed; clerk, B. T. Smith ; treasurer, L. G. Porter. 1815. Trustees, A. S. Farr, Aaron Aldrich, Benj, Eeed; clerk, W. Por- ter; treasurer, L. G. Porter. 1846. Trustees, Aaron Aldrich, Leverett Johnson, Marius Moore; clerk, W. Porter; treasurer, L. G. Porter. 1847. Trustees, Leverett Johnson, Arza Dickinson, Thomas H. Hall; clerk. Wells Porter; treasurer, L. G. Porter. 1848. Trustees, Arza Dickinson, Chas. H. Hall. Alfred Willard; clerk. Wells Porter; treasurer, L. G. Porter. 1849. Trustees, A. M. Coe, Wm. Saddler, N. Cobum ; clerk, J. M. Brad- ley; treasurer, Edwin Coe. 1850. Trustees, A. M. Coe, S. U. Towner, Henry Winsor; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, D. W. Porter. 1861. Trustees, 8. U. Towner, Henry Winsor, N. H. Austin; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Marius Moore. 1852 and 1853. Trustees, Marius Moore, C. H. Tobey, Chas., H. Hall ; clerk, L. H. Johnson ; treasurer, Edwin Farr. 1854. Trustees, Marius Moore, C. H. Tobey, Chas. H. Hall; clerk, L. H. Johnson; treasurer, Lester Simons. 1855. Trustees, Chas. H. Hall, D. W. Porter, E. G. McCarty; clerk, A. A. Lilly; treasurer, . 1656. Trustees, C. E. Barnum, E. H. Knight, Edwin Farr; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, Jonathan Spencer. 1857. Trustees, E. H. Knight, N. H. Austin, G. W. Laughlin; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, J. Spencer. 1858. Trustees, A. S. Farr, Josiah Hurst. Eeuben Hall; clerk, Eli Clemens; treasurer, J. Spencer, 1859. Trustees, Josiah Hurst, Dennis Dow, Clark Smith ; clerk, John Wilson. 1860. Trustees, Dennis Dow, S. L. Beebe, A. P. Johnson; clerk, John Wilson. 1861. Trustees, Josiah Hurst, Eeuben Hall, A. P. Johnson ; clerk, John Wilson. 1862. Trustees, Jonathan Spencer, Adolphus Gridley, Dennis Dow; clerk, Eli Clemens. 1863. Trustees, A. J. Coe, Jonathan Spencer, Edwin Farr; clerk, Thos. Foote. 1864. Trustees, Dennis Dow, Junia Sperry, H. W. Aldrich; clerk A A. Lilly. 1865. Trustees, Dennis Dow, Thos. Foot, A. P. Johnson; clerk A A Lilly. 1866. Trustees, H, D. Lanphair, S. W. Simons, E. F. Walker; clerk, E. Meriam. 1867. Trustees, L. H. Johnson, J. Eose, E. S. Lewis; clerk, A. S. Porter. 1868. Trustees, J, Rose, A. S. Ward, S. W. Simons; clerk, A, S. Porter. 1869. Trustees, J. Eose, A. A. Lilly, A. S. Ward; clerk, A. S. Porter. 1870. Trustees, A, A. Lilly, A. P. Smith, H. P. Johnson; clerk, A. S. Porter. 1871. Trustees, E. Hall, G. Reublin, N, G. Porter; clerk, C. Pease. 1873. Trustees, A. G. Porter, Leon Coe, J. N. Hurst; clerk, C. Pease. 1873_. Trustees, L. H. Johnson, Leon Coe, A. J. Coe; clerk, C. Pease. 1874 Trustees, A. J. Coe, Perry Powell, J. N. Hurst; clerk, H. B. Smith. 1875. Perry Powell, S. W. Simons, J. N. Hurst; clerk, H. B. Smith. 1876. Trustees, S. W. Simons, A. J. Coe, Eeuben Hall; clerk, John Wilson. 1877. Trustees, S, W. Simons, L. M. Coe, Henry Wischmeyer; clerk, John Wilson. 1878 Trustees, Jas. L. Hadd, S. W, Simons, H. Wischmeyer; clerk Jas. Pease ; treasurer, Calvin Pease. 1879. Trustees, A. J. Coe, David Sites, Beuj. Chappel; clerk, Herbert Lilly; treasurer, Calvin Pease. VILLAGES. Although possessing no incorporated village, Dover has within its limits two hamlets — Dover Center and North Dover — of which the former is the larger and more thriving. The town hall is located there — a fine two-story brick structure, built in 1873 — and it also has a graded school, a Masonic and Odd Fellows' lodge, a large steam gristmill, a store, several shops, a church and a good number of handsome residences. North Dover, a mile north of the Center, is near a German settlement and has a German church, an ex- cellent German school, a township school, a store and perhaps a dozen dwellings. POST OFFICES. Dover's first postmaster was Asahel Porter, who kept a store and post office on the lake shore near the Avon line in 1815. Eeuben Osborn was his successor, and afterwards Eli Clemens received the office. He removed it to North Dover, where it now is. Calvin Phinney was the next incumbent, and after him Daniel Brown, the present postmaster. The first postmaster at Dover Center was Asa Blood, who kept the tavern at that place. Marius Moore, who succeeded Blood as the landlord, was also the next postmaster, and for many years the post- office was located in the tavern. The present incum- bent is Hon. J. M. Cooley. A. M. Coe, a settler in 1833, was appointed postmaster at Coe Ridge, in the southern part of Dover, in 1843, and remained so until 1864. The office was removed into Olmstead in 440 T^HE TOWNSHIPS 01^ OtJYAHOGA COtTNTY. 1864, but in 1866 it was brougiit b;ick to Dover, when Mr. Coe was reappointed, continuing in the ofBce until his death in 1867. In 1 874 a change to Olm- stead was again made, and there the office still re- mains. SECOND CON'GREGATION'AL CHURCH OF DOVER. This religious organization is the outgrowth of a Congregational Church organized in Lee, Massachu- setts, June 5, 1811, with eight members, as follows: Jedediah Crocker and Sarah, his wife, Lydia, wife of Moses Hall, Katy, wife of Abijah Crosby, Jonathan and Abner Smith and their wives. Of these eight, Jedediah and Sarah Crocker and the two Smith fam- ilies removed shortly afterwards to Dover, and on their arrival continued the Lee church organization, changing, however, the name to the Congregational Church of Dover. The little band having at first no minister, used to meet every Sabbath to worship with prayer and song. Alvin Coe, a missionary to the Indians, coming that way, preached to them three months, after which they reverted to their former simple service. The church increased slowly, and in 1833 a log meeting-house was built near where the present church edifice stands. Some years afterward the meetiug-house was destroyed by fire, and the services were held in Joseph Stock- ing's barn and in the town-house, until the completion of the church building now in use. About 1840 the church was divided on the slavery question, and until 1847 one congregation worshiped in the church building and the other in the town house. In that year the two bodies were reunited and reorganized as the Second Congregational church of Dover, with fifty-one members, and the following trustees: John Porter, Leverett Johnson, David In- gersoll. The first deacons of the reorganized church were Alfred Millard, Jonathan Oakes, Selden Osborn, Josiah Hurst. Since 1847 about two hundred and seventy-five persons have been received into the church. Among the early preachers, Rev. John McCrea was the most prominent. He preached in 1836 and after- ward, and was very highly esteemed. The pastor in charge at present is Eev. Henry "Walker. The pres- ent trustees are L. Gr. Porter, George Whitsey and John Rose. An old record testifies that the " Dover Congrega- tional Society " was organized December 38, 1818, '■for the support of the gospel," and that the mem- bers were Noah Crocker, Nehemiah Porter, David Ingersoll, John Smith, Jesse Lily, Asher Corley. Wells Porter, Jonathan Smith, Stephen Smith, Sylva- nusPhinney, JedediahCrocker, Dennis Taylor, Barna has Hall, James Hall, Samuel Crocker and Solomoi Ketchum. Another old record sets forth that th First Congregational Society of Dover was incoppo rated February 9, 1831, and that the incorporator, were Calvin Phinney, Sylvanus Crocker, Josiah HursI and Reuben Osborn. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH AT DOVER CENTER. This body was organized about 1835, but in the absence of records very little can be gleaned concern- ing its early history. The first meetings were held in residences and barns; later, the town-house and the Episcopal church were used for that purpose. The house of worship now occupied by the society was erected in 1853. The church is attached to the Rock- port circuit, and is supplied by Rev. John McKean. The membership numbers about one hundred, and that of the Sunday school about fifty. The present trustees are William Dempsej, James Elliott and Jerome Beardsley. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH ON THE LAKE SHORE. This was organized as early as 1827 in the town- ship school-house, by Rev. Eliphalet, brother of Leverett Johnson. The class contained at first but six members, but increased quite rapidly. In 1840 the present church building was erected. Mr. John- son preached to the congregation until he removed from the township in 1842, since which time the church has been supplied by ministers attached to the Rockport circuit. Rev. J. McKean being now in charge. The membership is at present exceedingly small, numbering but seven persons; of whom the three male members, Sherman Osborn, Marshal Ga- boon and Henry P. Foot, are the trustees. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF DOVER. This church was organized February 24, 1836, with the following members: Aaron Aldrich and wife, Wm. W. Aldrich, Julia Ann Aldrich, Jesse Atwell and wife, Phineas Alexander and wife, Wm. Nesbitt and wife. Meetings were held at first in the Lake- Shore school-house and in the town-house. In 1845 a house of worship was built on Justus Stocking's land near North Dover, and there the congregation continued to worship until 1856, at which time, the church having by removals and deaths lost nearly all its members, services were discontinued, nor have they to this day been revived. Elders Dimmock of Olmstead, Wire of Rockport, Lockwood of Perry, and Jas. Goodrich, were among those who preached to the church directly after its organization. The last settled pastor was Rev. Mr. Newton, who was engaged in 1845. The church building stood until 1878, when it was destroyed by fire. ST. JOHN'S (episcopal) CHURCH. This organization, founded in 1837, is now extinct, and only a part of its history can be obtained. The members in 1842 were Chas. Hall, Weller Dean, Jesse Lilly, Austin Lilly, Albinus Lilly and a few others, although the average attendance was quite large. A church building was erected in 1837, just north of Dover Center. It is now used by Calvin Pease as a barn. Services were at first conducted by L. a. PORTER. About two hundred and fifty years ago the first pioneer of the Porter family found his way to our shores from England. To-day persons of the name are scattered far and wide through the vast domains of our great republic, and many bearing it have occupied places of trust and honor in the nation's councils of peace and war. Two years after the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth Rock, Samuel Porter arrived from England, and was hos- pitably received by his fellow-countrymen who had pre- ceded him. Of the early history of the pioneers of the Porter family there are no authentic accounts. They re- moved from Plymouth to Beverly, Mass., where Samuel, a son of the original settler, was married to Miss Lydia Dodge, of that place. His son John also married a Bev- erly maiden, a Miss Lydia Herrick. The fascinations of the belles of Beverly must have been irresistible to the heads of this noble family, for we find that Nehemiah (the representative of the fourth generation in this country of the family of which our subject is a descendant) was mar- ried to Miss Hannah Smith, of that town. His son Nehe- miah was born at Ipswich, Mass., March 22, 1720 ; grad- uated from Cambridge in 1745; married Miss Rebecca Chipman, of Beverly, and was ordained a minister of the gospel in the Congregational church at Ipswich, Jan. 3, 1750, where he remained for sixteen years. He was after- wards installed at Ashfield, Franklin Co., Mass., Dec. 21, 1774, where he preached until his death, Feb. 29, 1820, having filled the position of pastor for the same congrega- tion over forty-five years. He was a man of great firmness and decision of character, a strict observer of the Sabbath, and was, it is worthy of note, a chaplain in the American army at the surrender of Burgoyne. This esteemed patriarch " had all the virtues and religious tendencies of his Puritanic ancestry, and on the day of his death lacked only twenty- one days of completing a century. His son Joseph was also a native of Ipswich ; was engaged in agricultural pur- suits, and was married to a daughter of Leonard Graves, of Whately, Mass. He emigrated from Franklin Co., Mass., to Dover, Cuyahoga Co., Ohio, in 1826, and lies buried in that town. He had a family of eleven children, of whom our subject was the eighth son and tenth child, having been born at Ashfield, Franklin Co., Mass., March 6, 1806. His education was limited to a common school, with a few terms spent at an academy. He accompanied his father to the wilds of the West, and was engaged in clearing the new country and tilling the soil, which has been his occupation throughout life. He was married, Aug. 26, 1838, to Catherine H., daughter of Rev. Solo- mon Stevens, a Congregational preacher, of Dover, Ohio. They had but one child, who died in infancy. Mrs. Porter died Oct. 11, 1841. Mr. Porter, who has devoted much of his time to the religious education of the young, has been a member of the Second Congregational Church of Dover for about forty years. At the present time he is one of the deacons of that organization, and superintendent of the Sabbath- school. Though originally a Whig in politics, upon the organi- zation of the Republican party he became one of the staunchest supporters of its principles and doctrines. He has been elected by his fellow-citizens to numerous town ofiices, and was a justice of the peace for six years. Mr. Porter, being left in the prime of life alone in the world, has devoted his time to his fellow-creatures, succoring the poor and afflicted, lending a helping hand to those in distress and want, and in striving to do his part in the great work of serving the cause of humanity. DOVER. 441 Weller Dean as lay-reader, until the engagement of Eev. Mr. Granville as a settled minister, who re- mained but a few years. The church began to de- cline previous to 1850, and in that year was dissolved. GERMAN LUTHERAN CHURCH. About 1858 quite a settlement of Germans located near North Dover, who, being desirous of establish- ing a church, sent for Eev. E. Z; Lindeman of Cin- cinnati, who went to Dover and organized, in 1858, a German Lutheran Church. The original members were J. H. Lindemyer, P. H. Hencke, F. Matthews, H. Luocke, J. H. Trast, Wm. Schmidt, J. H. Weihr- mann, August Warnecke. Rev. E. Rupprecht, of Lafayette, Indiana, was called to the charge in 1858, and is still the pastor. Until 1873 worship was held in the Baptist Church at North Dover, and from that time until 1877, in the German Lutheran school-house, which was built in 1873. In 1877 the present fine church edifice was erected at an expense of four thousand dollars. The membership is now forty-seven, and the attendance comprises about sixty families. The present trustees are H. H. Reinkal, G. Meyer and Christian Koch. SCHOOLS. The first school teacher in Dover, of whom there is any recollection, was Betsey Crocker, who taught in 1816 in a log school-house on the lake shore, near where the present school-house stands. Philena Crocker, her sister, taught there (at the age of four- teen), as did also Wells Porter. In 1836 the town- ship was divided into five school-districts, which then contained seventy householders. Dover contains at present eight schools and seven school-buildings, which latter are all brick structures, excellently appointed, and considerably better in every way than the average of township school-build- ings. There is a graded school at Dover Center, and the school at North Dover will soon be similarly arranged. In 1879, when the enumeration of school children was made, there was six hundred and twenty-two in the township, the levy for the support of schools being two thousand one hundred dollars. Attached to the German Lutheran church at North Dover is an excellent secular school. It was organ- ized in 1858 by Rev. E. Rupprecht, the pastor of the church, and began its career with thirty-three pupils. The Baptist church building was used until 1873, when the present school-house was erected. Rev. Mr. Rupprecht taught the school, in connection with his pastorate duties, until 1873, when he relinquished the charge to Mr. H. L. Brokelstuhler, the present teacher. The school is in a flourishing condition, and had, in July, 1879, the large number of one hundred and fifteen pupils. DOVER ACADEMY. In 1845 JoTin Wilson, a graduate of Oberlin Col- lege—who located in Dover in 1844 — founded Dover Academy, and in that year erected a building for its use about a mile and a half south-west of Dover Center. Mr. Wilson's school grew to be a popular institution, and had at one time as many as sixty pupils. In 1853 several public-spirited citizens of Dover proposed to Mr. Wilson to have the school removed to near the Center, and to organize a corporation to control it, to which he assented. A school building was accordingly erected on what is now the Dover fair ground, and an act was obtained incorporating the Dover Academical Association The building was completed in 1854, and Mr. Wilson continued to act as principal until 1860, when he retired. Al- though the academy had been fairly prosperous, the increased usefulness and liberal scope of the public schools impared its strength, and led to its being given up in 1863. The building is still standing on the fair ground, and is used by the fair association. The first directors of the academy association were Leverett Johnson, L. G. Porter and Benjamin Reed. DOVER AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL SOCIETY. This association was organized in 1850, for the pur- pose of holding annual fairs in Dover. Money to pur- chase land was advanced by Messrs. Josiah Hurst, S. L. Beebe and J. Coles, and the ground was at once fitted up by individual subscriptions. The associa- tion owns seven acres of land, with the requisite build- ings, about half a mile north of Dover Center, and has held a successful exhibition there, every fall since 1850. Julius Parr was the president in 1879, and William Aldrich the secretary. DOVER LODGE NO. 393 I. 0. 0. F. This society was organized in 1867, the charter members being John Kirk, Wm. B. Delford, C. D. Knapp, A. P. Smith, E. Bradford, C. L. Underbill, A. Wolf, P. W. Barton, W. W. Mead, A. S. Porter, Junia Sperry, J. Beardslee, D. B. Wright, D. H. Perry. The present ofiicers are: Perry Powell, N. G. ; James L. Hand, V. G.; James Beardslee, R. S. ; Benj. Chappell, P. S.; Frank Baker, T. The mem- bership numbers about one hundred. The lodge has fine quarters in the town hall, at Dover Center. This hall, a handsome and commodious brick edifice, was built in 1873 by the town and by the lodge just men- tioned, at a cost of $6,000. NORTHWEST ENCAMPMENT NO. 188, I. 0. 0. F. Northwest Encampment was organized July 1, 1875, with Alfred Wolf, Alfred Bates, L. J. Gaboon, Van Ness Moore, Philip Phillips, Perry Powell and Frank Baker as charter members. The membership now numbers twenty-two, the officers bemg Philip Phillips, C. P. ; Perry Powell, H. P. ; Jerome Beards- lee, S. W. ; John Morrissey, J. W. ; F. W. Guild, treasurer. 56 442 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. STAR LODGE, NO. 67, DAUGHTERS OF REBEKAH, (I. 0. 0. F.) The lodge just named was organized in August, 1871, with sixteen charter members. The present officers are John Griffin, N. G. ; Mrs. Murray Farr, V. G. ; Mrs. John Griffin, secretary; Benjamin Chap- pel, F. S. ; ]\Irs. Maitland Beebe, treasurer. DOVER LODGE, NO. 489, F. AND A. M. Dover Lodge was formed in 1874. The charter members were D. R. Watson, L. M. Coe, G. Eeublin, John Kirk, John Jordan, E. S. Lewis, J. L. Hand, S. Barry, Wm. Lewis, G. Pease, Wm. Sprague. There ai-e now thirty members, the officers being Benj. Chappel, W. M. ; Wm. Lewis, S. W.; George Tarbox, J. W. ; W. V. Gage, secretary; J. M. Cooley, treasurer; Thos. J. Bates, S. D.; W. Grant, J. D.; J. Jordan and A. A. Lilly, stewards; G. Winslow, tyler. OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. The Dover Silver Cornet Band, a musical organiz- ation of considerable local note, was organized in 1874. The present leader is George Esberger. A temperance union league was formed in Dover in 1873, and since that time the temperance cause has, at various times, received strong support in the town- ship. A temperance Sabbath school now contributes its efforts toward the same object. BURIAL PLACES. The first death in the township is supposed to have been that of Mrs. Abner Smith, who was buried upon the Smith farm and afterward removed to the ceme- tery on the lake shore, that being the first public burial-ground laid out in the township. A graveyard was laid out in 1830 west of Dover Center upon land donated by Leverett Johnson and others. The first person buried there was the wife of Rev. Mr. McCrea, the Congregational minister. Both cemeteries contain many fine tombstones, and the care expended upon the neatly kept grounds tes- tifies to the affection felt by the living for those who there rest in their narrow beds. MANUFACTURES. The manufacturing interests of Dover are at pres- ent limited to a few sawmills, a bending factory and a gristmill. Tilden & Morley founded an important iron-ware manufactory at Dover Center in 1833, near which place were several rich beds of iron ore. The works, known as the Dover Furnace, stood upon the lot now occupied by the residence of Junia Sperry. The firm conducted a store in connection with the furnace, and employed twelve men. In 1840 Tilden & Morley sold the establishment to the Cuyahoga Steam Fur- nace Company, soon after which (in 1843) it was de- stroyed by fire. Benjamin Reed, a former employee of the company, bought the land, rebuilt the furnace the same year, carried on the business until 1848, when the supply of ore was exhausted, and he aban- doned the undertaking. Junia Sperry, Robert Crooks, and Millard & Smith built a steam gristmill at Dover Center in 1856, and in 1863 sold it to Kirk & Reublin, from whom it passed into the possession of Lilly & Carpenter, the present owners. It contains two run of burrs, and is the only gristmill in the township. Fauver & Hurst Brothers have a "bending factory" and sawmill, (the latter built by Philo Beach, in 1850), about a mile southwest of Dover Center. They employ six men, and manufacture felloes, sleigh runners, shafts, etc. GRAPE CULTURE. Grape growing is largely followed on the lake shore in Dover, and some wine is also made there. Henry Wischmeyer came out from Cleveland in 1874, and began to raise grapes iipon a tract of fifty acres, now occupied by him. He set out but two acres the first year, but gradually extended his vineyard until now he has twenty-three acres planted in grapes. In 1874 he buiJt upon his land a wine cellar with a ca- pacity of ten thousand gallons, and manufactures considerable wine every year. Numerous varieties of grapes are cultivated, of which the chief are the Ca- tawba, Delaware and Concord. The pioneer enterprise, however, in the direction of extensive grape culture in Dover, was set on foot in 1865, by the Dover Bay Grape and Wine Company, organized in that year for the purpose of growing the grape in Dover township. Dr. J. P. Dake was the president; R. R. Herrick the vice president, and Dr. D. H. Beckwith, the secretary and treasurer. The original purchase of land included two hundred and ten acres, situated in Dover, on the lake shore. The capital of the company, fixed at the outset at thirty thousand dollars, was three years later increased to sixty thousand dollars. Fifteen acres were set out with grapes the first year, and since then the area has been gradually extended until now upwards of ninety acres are under cultivation and the annual yield of grapes amounts to one hundred tons. The yield in- cludes all the varieties raised in the northern cli- mate. The company has a capacious wine cellar in Dover and much excellent wine is manufactured yearly. The fiuancial headquarters are in Cleveland; the present officers being R. R. Herrick, president; A. K. Spencer, vice president; and Geo. P. Smith, secretary and treasurer. Grape-growing is also carried on all along the Do- ver lake shore, but the business — save in the instances above alluded to, is confined to limited individual efforts. STONE QUARRIES. An excellent quality of building stone, mnch used, in the township and elsewhere, is found in the south- west part of Dover whei'e the quarries of E. C. Har- ris and Wm. Geiger have long yielded large supplies, although the former quarry is at present not worked to any great extent. EAST CLEVELAND. 443 CHAPTER LXXIV. EAST CLEVEL4.IID. A Broken History— Irregvdar Boundaries— Timothy Doan— Shaw, Ru' pie, Mollrath and Thorp— Asa Dille— Samuel Kuple— A. L. Norris— A Live Griddle-Cake- Deadly Battles— Soaring a Bear— Going to Pennsylvania for Flour— A Banquet of Baked Pumpkins— The First Church— Sleeping with the Cows— First Tavern— Abijah Crosby— A Barn-Eaising interrupted by Cannon — Settlers in Various Localities —The Big Elk— The Householders of 1828— School Districts— CoUamer in 1840— Formation of the Township of East Cleveland— Annexation of part of Euclid and Warrensville — Name of Euclid Village changed to Collamer— The Railroad — The War— Sandstone Quarries— Present Condition of CoUamer — Collinwood— Grape Culture— Glenville — Shaw Academy— First Presbyterian Church of Collamer— St. Paul's Church —Free Congregational Church of Collamer — Disciple Church of Col- lamer- DisoipleChuich at Collinwood — First Congregational Church of Collinwood— Principal Township Officers. Bast Cleveland has had more varied municipal relations, and has more irregular boundaries than any other township in the county. The territory of which it is now composed, originally belonged to the township of Cleveland; then to Cleveland and Euclid; then to Cleveland, Euclid, Newburg and Warrens- ville. Having remained in these townships for many years, the several fragments were in 1845 formed into the township of East Cleveland which then contained not only the present district of that name, but all that part of Cleveland city east of Willson avenue, and north of the old Newburg line. In 1867 an irregular tract about two miles east and west by three miles north and south, on which had been built the large and flourishing village of East Cleveland, was annexed to the city, leaving a district nearly six miles in extreme length, north and south, and a little over five miles in extreme width, but so irregular that it contains an area of only a trifle over fifteen square miles. This rejnains the township of East Cleveland, yet the name had become so firmly attached to the portion which was annexed to Cleve- land that a resident of the city, on hearing "East Cleveland" spoken of, would more probably under- stand the expression to refer to the eastern part of the city than to the township to which the name legiti- mately belongs. This sketch is intended to be confined to the terri- tory now comprising the township, the name of which heads the chapter;. yet that township has been so closely united with other territory on both the east and the west, that the annals are liable to become somewhat intermingled, especially in the case of the ofiicial records. Nearly all the township officers who resided in the present East Cleveland before 1847, are to be found in the records of Euclid, while many of those who appear in the records of East Cleveland since that date, were residents of what is now the eastern part of the city. The first white resident of the territory now com- prising the township of East Cleveland, was Timothy Doan, a Connecticut sea-captain, already forty-three years old, who brought his family to Cleveland in the spring of 1801, left them there while he built a log house and made a small clearing, and in the fall of that year removed them to his place on the west line of the old township of Euclid, a part of which is still occupied by his youngest son, John Doan. Mr. Timothy Doan steadily worked on his new farm, hav- ing for two or three years no neighbors nearer than his brother, Nathaniel, at "Doan's Corners," in the present city of Cleveland. Timothy Doan was a man of good ability and of the highest character; he be- came the first justice of the peace in the territory now constituting East Cleveland, and was afterward a judge of the court of common pleas of Cuyahoga county. He died in 1828, on the farm on which he had moved in 1801, at the age of seventy, respected by all. In August, 1803, John Shaw, John Ruple, Thomas Mcllrath, Garrett Thorp and William Coleman, all from Washington county, Pennsylvania, visited this part of Ohio together, and two of them selected land in the present township of East Cleveland. Shaw chose the lot where Shaw Academy now stands, and Mcllrath selected the one now occupied by the main part of Collamer village. Mr. Ruple located a little farther to the northeast, in what is now Euclid. All these locations, like that of Timothy Doan, before mentioned, and that of William Coleman on Euclid creek, were on the main road which had been laid out from Cleveland to the Pennsylvania line, parallel with the lake shore, but which was then hardly passable even for ox-teams; an axe to clear away fallen timber being the necessary accompaniment of every vehicle. The parties named returned to Pennsylvania and did not begin work on their land till the next spring. The second actual settler in the present township of East Cleveland was Asa Dille, a brother of David Dille, of Euclid, who moved from Pennsylvania in March, 1804; putting up his cabin in the unbroken forest near th.e southwestern corner of the old town- ship of Euclid. There he lived and died, raising a large family of children. In April, 1804, Messrs. Shaw and Mcllrath began work on the locations before mentioned, and Benja- min Jones, a nephew of Mcllrath settled farther southeast in the neighborhood of Asa Dille's residence. Shaw brought his family that spring and became the third settler in the townsiiip. He was a native of England, and, having been brought up in a woolen factory, he was entirely unaccustomed to the use of the axe; yet by indomitable industry he succeeded in subduing the dense forest where he had chosen his home, and made him an excellent farm. He was a man of good intelligence and fair education, was the teacher of the first school in the county, held various civil offices and was the founder of the Shaw Acade- my, of which more will be said farther on. Mcllrath and Jones both brought on their families in the autumn of 1804, and as there were then five families in the territory of East Cleveland, the work of settlement might be considered as having fairly commenced. Even of these five families only one, that of Timo- thy Doan, had breadstuffs enough to last them through 44-i THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. the winter. The others depended principally on hunt- ing, both to obtain meat for their families and to pro- cure skins and furs, which could be traded in the rude markets of the day for articles of absolute necessity. Coou skins came pretty near being legal tender at that time, and several hundred of them were harvested that winter by the residents of East Cleveland, who were thus enabled to eke out a subsistence. Mr. Mc- Ilrath was especially noted as a hunter, and as he had several sons, who had nearly or quite attained to man's estate, they made great havoc among the deni- zens of the forest. In 1805 John Ruple settled on the line between Euclid and East Cleveland. He, too, was a noted hunter, and is credited by William Coleman with killing the first panther slain in the old township of Euclid by a white man; the beast measuring nine feet from tip to tip. He raised a large family and lived to an advanced age, on tlie place where he first located, amid the respect of all who knew him. Samuel Euple settled at Nine Mile creek, in the eastern part of the present village of Oollamer, in 1806, and during the same year Caleb Eddy located himself in the southern part of the township on a stream known as Dogway brook. Abraham L. Norris came the same yeai and settled on the ridge back of Collamer. His daughter, Mrs. Myndert Wemple, narrates many incidents connected with early life in the forest. Mr. Norris' family were two miles from their nearest neighbor, David Hendershot. Like most of the pioneers, they had only a "puncheon" (or split-log) floor for their cabin, and during the first summer a coverlid did duty instead of a door. The next year Mr. Norris had a good sized clear- ing chopped over, and, according to pioneer custom, invited his neighbors (some of whom lived five or six miles away) to a " logging-bee." After a while they got several log-heaps ready for firing, and Mrs. Norris, who was out watching the operations, ran \nto the house to get a shovelful of coals. The fire was nearly out, and on the warm hearth lay a griddle which had been used for baking cakes. The first thing Mrs. Norris saw, on entering the house, was an enormous vellow rattlesnake comfortably curled up on the grid- dle. She screamed and fainted. Her husband ran in, and, having no weapon with which to dispatch the enemy, called for his father-in-law, Mr. Mcllrath, who came with his ox-goad, and soon slew it. The reptile had no less than twenty-four rattles. These pests were extremely common in both East Cleveland and Euclid; finding ample shelter among the rocks which abounded in the numerous ravines that intersected the ridge. Every man when he went out took a stick, as a matter of course, to kill rattle- snakes. John Ruple is credited with killing thirty- eight rattlesnakes (piled and counted) near Collamer, and Luther Dille with slaying forty-three in the same locality. In both cases the air was so heavily impregnated with poison by the reptiles that the men went home sick from the field of battle. Mr. Norris was obliged to go to Newburg to work, leaving his wife alone in the cabin. There was a half- grown shote in a rail pen covered with bark, near the house. One night Mrs. Norris was awakened by the crackling of bark and the squealing of the pig. Run- ning to the door she saw a bear trying to get out of the pen with the shote clutched by the neck, somewhat as a cat carrries a kitten. There was a large bed of coals, and filling the big fire-shovel full of these she ran out and threw them on the dry bark, which in a moment was in a brilliant blaze. The bear meantime, had got his prey out of the pen, but being frightened at the sudden light, dropped the pig (badly scared but not seriously hurt) and made his way into the forest. At this period there was no church in the township. People went to "Doan's Corners" on Sunday, where 'Squire Nathaniel Doan read a sermon. Mrs. Wem- ple remembers going to meeting at the corners; her mother riding a horse, she riding behind and another child in front, while her father walked by the side of the patient animal. It is needless to say that luxuries were exceedingly scarce. Once Mrs. Norris sent clear to Pennsylvania, by a couple of young men who were going thither, ■for a pound of tea and two yards of calico to make the baby a dress. There were two or three gristmills within ten miles, but they were very poor concerns, and were frequently out of repair. On one occasion when, through de- fective machinery or lack of water, no grinding could be done in this part of the country, John Shaw took an ox-cart loaded with a grist for every man in the town- ship and went eighty miles, to Erie, Pennsylvania, to get it ground. He was to be back in two weeks, and on the day fixed for his return Mrs. Shaw invited all the people in the township to her house, to cook and eat of the expected supply. The people came, but Mr. Shaw had been detained by the badness of the roads and did not arrive, and his hospitable wife could only furnish her guests with a feast of venison and baked pumpkins. Indians, squaws and papooses were frequently seen passing to and fro. They had a camping-place just back of where the academy now stands. The fierce appearance of the warriors frequently frightened the children, but there is no account of their doing the slightest harm. The first church (Congregational) in the township, which was likewise the first in the county, was formed in August, 1807. The first meetings were in the houses of the settlers, but in 1810 a house of worship was built of logs at the point then commonly desig- nated as Nine Mile creek, but afterwards known as Euclid village and now as Collamer. This was also the first house of worship in the county; there being none in Cleveland until more than ten years later. EAST CLEVELAND. 445 In 1809 Caleb Eddy built the first gristmill in the township, on Dry Way brook, above the site of Lake Viem Cemetery. Amid the hardships of these times, women, as well as men, developed the courage necessary to meet the emergencies by which they were often confronted. Late one afternoon in autumn Mrs. Timothy Eddy went to look for her husband's cows. They had strayed a long distance, but at length she heard a bell, and, guided by that, made her way to where they were. But when she undertook to drive them home, she found she did not know the way. After various efEorts night came on, and she was still as much at a loss as ever. The quadrupeds discovered none of the intelligence in path-finding which is sometimes attributed to them, but when their mistress stopped driving them, quietly lay down for a night's rest. Satisfied that she could not find her way home, Mrs. Eddy lay down in a warm place, between two of the animals, and in this living boudoir she remained until morning. Meanwhile, her husband had re- turned from his labors at night fall, and, finding his wife absent, had roused the neighbors to search for her. All night long the few settlers in that part of the township went shouting to and fro through the woods, their lighted torches of bark flinging fantastic shadows among the trees, but they did not approach her sleeping place. Li the morning she made her way home to her frightened friends. The first tavern-keeper in the township, of whom we can hear, was David Bunnel, who kept on the main road, a short distance southwest of the site of CoUamer, before the war of 1812. Among other settlers in the township was Abijah Crosby, father of Deacon Thomas D. Crosby, who came in 1811. He was one of the earliest settlers in' the vicinity of the lake shore. Benjamin Thorp, who had first settled at the mouth of Euclid creek, came in 1813, and settled on the " Coit tract," near the lake shore. When the war of 1813 broke out there was great excitement for a time, especially just after Hull's surrender when rumors of murdering Indians came on every breeze, and the people once or twice aban- doned their homes in their alarm. These rumors, however, were soon found to be false, and during the war the work of planting and clearing went on much as usual, though emigration nearly ceased. On the day of Perry's victory, September 10, 1813, the people were busy raising William Hate's log barn, below CoUinwood. Mr. Cornelius Thorp, who still resides in the township, was one of the number. The neighbors were still few in number, and men had come from Warreusville on horseback to help in the work. The raisers were divided into two squads, who were engaged in a hot strife to see which should get up logs the fastest. At each corner was an ex- pert axeman making notches and "saddles" to fit the logs together. Of course neither squad could really get ahead of the other, because all four sides of the house must go up together; but they could crowd each other, which was a great satisfaction. Suddenly from the far nortliwest a dull sound was heard rolling slowly over lake and land — then an- other — and another — and another. Every axe and every log was dropped. "That's Perry!" "A fight!" "A battle!" "A bat- tle!" cried a dozen voices, and, in another minute, twenty or thirty men were racing away toward the lake shore, eager to hear even the faintest echoes from the great contest which was to decide the supremacy of Lake Erie. Perhaps they imagined, from the distinct- ness of the sound, that they could see the conflict, or, at least, could discover on the far horizon the smoke which must mark the scene of battle. But, on their arrival, nothing could be seen, as was not strange considering that the battle was seventy-five miles away. Yet the constant successions of subdued shocks, now alone, now in broadsides, hour after hour, gave notice that the conflict was still going on. At length the sounds died away; only a few scattered shots were heard, and finally all was still, and the last listeners returned slowly to their homes, query- ing anxiously whether Columbia or Albion should henceforth be the mistress of Lake Erie. The next day a swift-riding express, on the way to Washington, brought the news that Perry was victorious, and that British or Indian invasion need no longer be feared. Of all who were present at that " raising," Mr. Cor- nelius Thorp is the sole survivor. Benjamin Thorp, father of Cornelius, had at this time moved to the "Coit tract" of a thousand acres, situated on the lake shore. Immediately after the close of the war in 1815, emigration set in with more force than ever, on account of the temporary cessation. At this time began to be seen a slight appearance of a village where Collamer now stands; though it was then called Euclid. Enoch Murray started a store there shortly after the war. Davis Crocker also estab- lished a tannery there, on Nine Mile creek, about 1815 or '16, which he carried on for nearly twenty years. In 1817 a framed church was erected in place of the old log one before mentioned, and then the residents of "Euclid," or "Nine Mile Creek," as the hamlet was variously called, could indeed boast of their progress; for there was still not another church edifice of any kind in the county. In 1818 Benjamin P. Beers and Myndert Wemple settled in the township. Mr. Wemple, who still survives, says that Enoch Murray was then keep- ing store at Euclid (now Collamer). He sold to Thomas Mcllrath about 1820, and he in a short time to John Gardner. Taverns, too, began to be opened all along the main road soon after the war. Ben. S. Welch kept one at Nine Mile creek. A little later, Enoch Meeker had one a short distance farther west. Seth Doan kept one where George Doan now lives. But notwithstanding these indications of advancing settlement, the rattlesnakes still hissed viciously in 446 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. their dens among the rocks; the deer often bounded past the clearings of the pioneers, especially in the southern part of the township, and occasioually more noble game fell before the hunter's bullet. Old set- tlers still mention that it was about 1830 that the " big elk was killed;" an erent long remembered and often discussed by the residents of the vicinity. The unlucky wanderer was chased down from the Chagrin river into East Cleveland, and was there killed. He weighed five hundred pounds, and his horns were seven feet long. By about 1835 or '30 the face of the country began to take on more decidedly than before the appearance of civilization. More than half of the log houses built by the pioneers had been exchanged for framed ones, and in all the north part of the township nearly every lot had a settler upon it, and about half the land had been cleared from timber. In the southern section the settlements were much fewer and the country still retained that pioneer look resultant from log houses, scattered clearings and far-spreading forests. In the township book of Euclid is a list of the voters in 1838, arranged by school districts. Euclid, as before mentioned, then embraced something over half of East Cleveland. We give a list of the names recorded in those disti'icts either wholly or partly in what is now East Cleveland. A few of them may have been in the present Euclid; but if so, they were close to the line: District No. 3 (Collamer) — William Camp, John H. Camp, John West, John Euple, John Hoagland, Sam- uel Euple, Benj. Hoagland, John Stoner, Benj. S. Welch, Enoch Meeker, John Gardner, William Adams, John K. Hall, Nathaniel Woodruff, Myndert Wem- ple, Andrew McFarland, Elijah Burton, George R. Whitney, Sargent Currier, Alvin Hollister, Jesse Palmer, James E. Palmer, Dr. Hotchkiss, Joseph King, Mathias Eush, Moses Bond, Cyrus Euple, Abram Histon, John Shaw, Elisha Eockwell. District No. 3 (west of Collamer) — Michael Mc- Ilrath, Horace Blinn, James Corbus, Amos Steb- bins, Joel Jones, Benjamin .lones, John Doan, Sam- uel Dodge, Daniel Brown, Joseph Marshall, Andrew Mcllrath, Andrew Mcllrath, Jr., Merritt Lindley, John Burt, Samuel E. Smith, Eli Williams, Seth Doan, Thomas Mcllrath, Stephen Peet, Jedediah Crocker, Lewis Stanislaus, Thomas PhiUips. District No. 4 (south part of township). — Guy Lee, Thomas Curtis, John Welch, John Handee, Adoniram Peck, Jesse Cross, Jacob S. Dille, Eichard Curtis, Clark Currier, Stephen B. Meeker, Abram Mattox, Jacob Compton, Elias Lee, Eeynolds Ca- hoon, Asa Dille, Lewis E. Dille, Abel Handee. District No. 6 (north of Collinwood, now in both towns). — William Hale, Thomas Mcllrath, Jr., Samuel Mcllrath, Samuel Mcllrath 3d, Thaddeus Wright, Aaron Bunnel, James Johnston, Benjamin Day, Abijah Crosby, John Euple 3d, Ezekiel Adams, John Adams. District No. 10 (west of Collinwood). — Law- rence O'Connor, Alanson O'Connor, Joseph House> Jeremiah Shumway, Timothy Eddy, Ahaz Mei'chant, Benjamin Thorp, Andrew Stewart, John Mooi'e, David Bunnel, Luther Woodworth, Ezra Fairfield, Cornelius Thorp, Isaac Page. A full list of all the voters in the old township of Euclid in 1838, including the above, is to be found in the history of that township. Of course, the forego- ing list does not include any residents of that part of East Cleveland, except what was formerly in Euclid. There were, however, very few in that part of East Cleveland, which was then Euclid, except on the main road. The Elijah Burton, who is men- tioned as a resident of District number two (Col- lamer), was a young physician who had very lately arrived there, being the first physician in that village. His widow still resides there, and his son is a practic- ing physician there. During the decade from 1830 to 1840 there was a large emigration checked during the last three years by what was known pre-eminently as the "hard times." Sargent Currier had become the storekeeper at Nine Mile creek, acting in that capacity some fifteen years. He had a sawmill near there, and afterwards built a steam gristmill. Abner Mcllrath opened a tavern in 1837. Samuel Lester started a new tannery in 1838, which is still operated by his son. When Mr. E. H. Strowbridge (now of Euclid) came to Collamer in 1840, Sargent Currier was still carrying on a store there, and Alvin Hollister was keeping a tavern. The township was well settled up, and framed houses were generally in use; yet there was still a rough appearance on the face of the coun- try. Tlie deer and wolves had all disappeared, and even the rattlesnakes were becoming scarce. Origin- ally emigration had come from the East, and the western part of the present township was the last to be settled. By 1840, however, people began to over- flow from the then growing city of Cleveland, and the western section was rapidly cleared uji. At the June session of the county commissioners in 1847, the township of East Cleveland was formed from Cleveland and Newburg; no other townships at first contributing anything to its area. Of Cleveland it embraced lots three hundred and thirty-eight to four hundred and six inclusive; of Newburg, so much of lots four hundred and nine to four hundred and twenty-two inclusive as lay north of the road, (now Ingersoll street.) The first town meeting in East Cleveland was held on the 36th of June, 1847, when the following of- ficers were elected: Trustees, Theron Woodworth, Ahimaaz Sherwin, Samuel Erwin; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, Joel Jones; declined, and Isaac N. Pillsbury appointed; assessor. Freeman Whitman. At the June session of the commissioners in 1848, the west part of Euclid was annexed to East Cleveland; embracing lots eight, forty-nine, sixteen, fifty-seven, EAST CLEVELAND. 447 twenty-four, fifty-six, fifteen, forty-eight, seven, six, forty-seven, fourteen, fifty-five, twenty-two, twenty- one, fifty-four, thirteen, forty-six, five, four, forty- five, twelve, fifty-three, twenty, fifty-two, forty-four, eleven, three, two; all of lot forty-three west of the road runing through it, and all of tract sixteen north of lot one and west of the road runing to the lake. By the same act lots one, two, three and four lying in the north part of Warrensville, were also annexed. This included the Bast Cleveland of to-day, and also the tract afterwards annexed to the city. After the new arrangement was consummated, it was found very inconvenient to call the village situated in East Cleveland by the name of Euclid, when there was a township of Euclid close beside it. The people therefore began to cast about for another appellation. They adopted that of Collamer, and in time the grow- ing village was generally known by that name; though it was long before all the old settlers could get rid of the habit of calling it Euclid. For many years after the formation of the town- ship, the interest regarding it principally centered in the village of East Cleveland, which grew rapidly into very extensive proportions, becoming an important suburb of the city. In 1853 the Cleveland, Paines- ville and Ashtabula i-ailroad (since becoming a part of the Lake Shore and Michinau Southern), was opened from Cleveland to Erie, running through the northern part of East Cleveland, only a short distance from the lake shore. The beauty of the locations along the main road at the foot of the ridge, between the city and Collamer, began to be observed by the denizens of Cleveland, and occasional purchases were made, especially around Collamer. All was progressing pleasantly and prosperously when, in 1861, the tocsin of war called the sons ol America to the defense of their country. East Cleve- land promptly responded to the call, and the records; given in the general history, tell their names and the deeds of the regiments to which they belonged. In 1863, James Haycox opened a valuable sandstone quarry in the southern part of the township, on the farm settled by John Welch. The character of- the stone is similar to that which crops out in various parts of the county, and is described in the chapter on geology. Since the war, few townships in north- ern Ohio have progressed more rapidly than East Cleveland, although, as before stated, the village of East Cleveland was annexed to the city of Cleveland in 1867. Collamer has become a large and thriving village, an especial favorite with Clevelanders desirout of a more retired life than that of the city. Thi main road from there to the city line is thickly stud ded with pleasant farm houses, and with handsom( residences situated on small but most desirable tracts. In fact the whole road which is an extension of Euclid avenue, seems like a delightful suburb of the city. Collamer now contains churches, one academy, four general stores, one post ofiice, one physician, two carriage shops, two blacksmiths shops, two meat mar- kets, one cider mill, one shoe shop, one tannery, and about a thousand inhabitants. On the railroad, a mile north of Collamer is to be seen the flourishing village of Collinwood, the seat of the great repair shops and round-house of the Lake Shore railroad. It is laid out on the most liberal scale, with streets enough for a small city, which in- deed it promises to become. It has churches, three public schools, six general stores, four physicians, two drug stores, one hardware store, two boot stores, one clothing store, two millinery stores, one hotel (the Warren House), two livery stables, two news de- pots, one wagon and blacksmith shop, one harness shop, three meat markets, and about fifteen hundred inhabitants. The repair shops and round-house were begun in 1873 and finished in 1875, and the village has mostly grown up since the former year. The post ofHce was established in 1875. There is also a post office at Lake View, near Lake View cemetery, where there is the prospect of an- other fine suburban village. The Lake View and Collamer railroad, (called for short "the Dummy ro.id") furnishes ready access to the city for all the residents along the main road. On the ridge, grape-growing has flourished greatly of late years, the soil being of the same general qual- ity as that in Euclid, and likethat, admirably suited for grape-culture. The grapes are genarally sold in bulk, but a few gentlemen are engaged in wine manu- facture; Mr. J. J. Preyer's Lake View wine farm, east of Lake View cemetery is one of the most cele- brated wine-producing places in the county. The village of Glenville on the lake shore, adjoin- ing Cleveland, was laid out in . The corporate limits inclose an area of about three square miles, but only a small portion of it is built on in village form. The Lake Shore railroad passes through its entire width and has a depot in it, while the Lake View and Collamer road skirts its southern border. The Northern Ohio fair grounds are situated a little west of the center of the village. The association owning them is described in the general history. Glenville was incorporated in the autumn of 1873, for special purposes. In April, 1874, William Brasie, R. M. N. Taylor were elected trustees. In Septem- ber, 1874 it was incorporated as a village. In April, 1874, Wm. J. Gordon was elected mayor for two years. He was succeeded in 1876 by Benjamin Lamson, and he in 1878 by W. H. Gaylord, the present incumbent. The village now contains three stores, three hotels, one blacksmith shop, one shoe shop, one carriage shop and about five hundred inhabitants. The whole of East Cleveland, except Glenville and a few farms in the southern portion is incorporated for special purposes; the authorities being empow- ered to build roads and bridges, maintain a police, build police stations, etc. 448 THJE townships of CtTYAHOGA COUNTY. SHAW ACADEMY. In 1835 the old pioneer, John Shaw, died, and hav- ing no children he left his property to found an acad- emy in the locality where he had so long lived and prospered. The property consisted mostly of a farm situated a short distance southwestward from Oolla- mer. This was sold for five thousand dollars. The people of the vicinity subscribed a sufficient amount to erect the necessary building, and the fund left by Mr. Shaw was used only for the support of the school. A board of trustees was appointed and the school was maintained in the usual manner of country acad- emies until about 1868. At that time, as the institu- tion did uot prosper as well as was desirable, the building was leased to individuals. Public school money was applied to its support, and it became part- ly a district school and partly an academy. In 1877 the trustees of the academy leased the building to the directors of the Oollamer sub-district by whom it has since been used for a district school, though of a higher grade than usual. FIRST PEESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF COLLAMEE. This church was organized by Rev. "Wm. "Wick, on the 37th day of August, 1807; being by at least ten years the first church in Ouyahoga county. It was formed on what was known as the "Plan of Union," adopted by the general assembly of the Presbyterian church, and the general association of the Congrega- tional church, of Connecticut. The individual church was at first Congregational, but it was connected with the Presbytery for purposes of discipline and mutual encouragement. It took the name of "The Church of Christ in Euclid;" that being the township in which it was then situated. The first members were Nathaniel and Sarah Doan, John Ruple, Thomas and Elizabeth Mcllrath, Sarah Shaw, Eunice Eddy, Abram L. and Abigail Norris, George and Almira Kilbourn, Andrew and Abigail Mcllrath, Anna Bunnel and Isabella Mcllrath. The strictness of the discipline and the existence of pleasant amusements among the pioneers are both shown by the next entry after the organization, made on the 29th of the same month, according to which A. L. and Abigail Norris confessed to dancing "not long before" (evidently before joining the church) and professed contrition. Sarah Shaw admitted the fact of dancing, but would not make a public ac- knowledgement and was suspended. This was pietty strict in regard to acts committed before joining the church. At the first meeting of the church Nathaniel Doan, John Ruple and George Kilbourn were appointed the standing committee. The next record, dated in August, 1808, shows a meeting of the church to have been then held at the house of Nathaniel Doan. Caleb and Nancy Eddy admitted joining the "Halcyon Church," supposing them to be christians. They expressed their sorrow for having done so. This "Halcyon" church was a heterodox institution which started up suddenly in Euclid, flourished for a brief period and disappeared. The members claimed to be christians, but their right to the name seems to have been seriously disputed. At this time Mrs. Shaw publicly professed repentance for her dancing of long ago, and was duly reinstated in the church. On the 15th of March, 1810, the church unani- mously adopted the Presbyterian model and put them- selves under the charge of the presbytery of Hartford. The next month the Rev. Thomas Barr was called to the pastorate and accepted. He was ordained on the 3.3d of August following, and on the 37th of the same month Andrew Mcllrath and John Ruple were ap- pointed ruling elders. It was during this season that the log house already mentioned was built, which was, during its whole existence, the only church edifice in the county^. Numerous cases of discipline occurred during all the early years of the church; mostly on account of the members attending balls or allowing their children to do so. In the summer of 1811 nearly all the mem- bers publicly acknowledged their wrong-doing in per- mitting their children to attend the Fourth of July ball. Nevertheless the church continued to flourish, and in 1817 a framed house of worship replaced the log one; the new house, like the old one, being the only church building in the county. Rev. Mr. Barr closed his services in 1830. After this the records unfortunately do not give the em- ployment of pastors with any regularity, but it ap- pears that Rev. Randolph Stoner, pastor of the Cleve- land church, acted as moderator in the various meet- ings from 1830 to 1823, and doubtless supplied the pulpit. Rev. Stephen J. Bradstreet acted as moder- ator from 1823 to 1825. On the 26th of February, 1825, Rev. Stephen Peet was ordained as pastor; holding that position until January, 1833. Rev. E. S. Scott and Rev. E. Adams were in charge of the church, the former in 183-3 and '34; the latter in 1835 and '36. Rev. H. Blodgett served as pastor from May, 1837, to February, 1843. Rev. E. N. Nichols was in charge a few months, and was followed by Rev. J. Burehard, the celebrated revivalist, who conducted a powerful revival during the winter of 1843-44. Rev. Benj. Page was the acting pastor in 1844, '45 and '46. Rev. William H. Beecher (eldest brother of Henry Ward Beecher) began service as stated supply in May, 1847, and continued until December, 1849. He was succeeded the next month by Rev. Jonas Bigelow, who died in service January 36, 1854. During his pastorate, in December, 1851, fourteen members withdrew to form the Free Congregational Church. Rev. Andrew Sharp was installed as pastor in April, 1854, and closed in April, 1856. Rev. Hiram Bing- ham began service as stated supply in October, 1856. Rev. F. Maginnis was installed as pastor in January, EAST CLEVELAND. 449 1858, and served nearly ten years, dosing in Septem- ber, 1867. Until this time the church had been known as the First Presbyterian Church of Euclid, although for nineteen years the house of worship had been in the township of East Cleveland, and the village where it was located had been known as Collamer for nearly an equal time. In September, 1867, it appears for the first time on the record as the Presbyterian Church of Collamer. At that time Eev. R. H. Leonard began service as stated supply, remaining until July, 1873. Eev. H. P. Barnes was installed as pastor in August, 1875, closing in May, 1877. He was succeeded at that time by the Eev. T. S. Scott, the present pastor. The following month (June, 1877,) a union was effected with the Eree Congregational Church of Collamer, by which each society was to keep its own organization, but they were to unite in all work, in religious service and the employment of a pastor. People are admitted by the joint action of the two churches, but are dismissed by the separate action of one. They meet in the Presbyterian church. The present membership of the Presbyterian con- gregation is now about seventy -five. The elders are John Aldrich, J. M. Page, T. D. Crosby, Joseph Day, Joseph Parks, Frederick King and Isaac Brush. The two churches maintain a union Sabbath school of two hundred members, of which William H. Coit is the superintendent. ST. PAUL'S CHURCH (PEOTESTANT EPISCOPAL). The church edifice of this body is on Eucljd avenue in the center of Collamer. It is of stone, rural in style, fifty-three feet in length and thirty in width. It was commenced in 1846, but was not finished and consecrated until 1856. The services were sustained at first by the aid of clergymen in Cleveland. The Eev. Eli Adams officiated in 1853-4. In 1856 Eev. Thomas Corlett was called as the first settled rector, who filled the rectorship for ten years. The Eev. N. P. Chariot was called in 1866, and resigned in 1869. The Eev. Thomas Lyle has been the rector of the parish since June 1, 1869. The sittings are free; the revenue being obtained from the weekly offertory and from subscriptions. The number of persons regis- tered as communicants has been one hundred and ten; one hundred and seven have been baptized, and sixty- five have been confirmed. A rectory, adjoining the church edifice, was built in 1867. A small cemetery lies beyond the chancel. The officers of the church are as follows: Wardens, John Doan, J. W. Ogram; vestrymen, E. Gerrard, G. Doan, W. Oliver, J. W. Doan, B. Gray, and L. B. Beers. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF COLLAMER. For several years before 1851 there had been a strong feeling among some of the members of the Presbyte- rian church at Euclid, or Collamer, that the Presby- terian denomination should bear stronger testimony 57 against slavery than it had previously done. On the 37th of December, 1851, fourteen members presented a memorial declaring that they could not continue in connection with the church while it maintained fel- lowship with slaveholders. This memorial was signed by John Euple, Asa Weston, E. Dutton, Asa Cady, Teresa Cady, Alma Euple, H. A. C. Adams, Ezekiel Adams, Orpha Adams, L. C. Euple, Mina Euple, H. L. Euple, Hannah Enple, John Perkins. The Presbyterian congregation voted to dismiss them with letters to any church they might desire to join. They then proceeded to organize themselves into the Free Congregational Church of Collamer. For three or four years they worshiped in the school- house; at the end of which time, their numbers^hav- ing materially increased, they proceeded to build the brick church at Collamer, still owned by them. They maintained a separate existence with varying fortunes until June, 1877, when they formed a union for work- ing purposes with the Presbyterian church, as nar- rated in the sketch of that body. DISCIPLE CHURCH OF COLLAMER. This church was constituted in the fall of 1839. The first members were Luther Dille, Clarissa Dille, Bri M. Dille, Lurilla Jones, Leonard Marsilliot, Edit- tea Cranney, Desire Perry, Mary Anne Perry and Fanny Cranney; soon joined by Nancy Hale. The church was organized at the log school-house west of E. M. Dille's residence. Luther Dille was set apart as the first ruling elder. Much was trusted to the efforts of the elders, or overseers, and pastors did not succeed each other with the regularity that marks ministerial changes in some churches. Nor are there any available records regarding the early history of this church. The Disciple society, however, continued to flour- ish, and about 1840 a framed house of worship was erected at Collamer. Eev. A. S. Hayden was one of the principal ministers who, at different periods, car- ried on the work of the church. In 1861 it had thriven so greatly that the members were able to begin the erection of a brick house of worship, which was completed in 1863. Mr. Hayden was pastor from 1863 to 1866, and Eev. A. B. Green from 1866 to 1868. In the latter year Eev. W. B. Hendrix held two protracted meetings, at which nearly a hundred members united themselves with the church. From 1868 to 1878 Eevs. A. S. Hayden and A. B. Green were the pastors. Eev. W. B. Hendrix became the minister in charge in 1878. This church has been particularly distinguished as a nursery for others; not less than twenty Disciple churches, in various parts of the West, having been founded by emigrants from Euclid and East Cleve- land, who had belonged to the Collamer church. Notwithstanding the recent organization of a Disciple church at Collinwood, the one at Collamer is in a very flourishing condition and has over a hundred 450 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. I members. The overseers are E. M. Dille and Wm. Hudson. DISCIPLE CHURCH AT COLLINWOOD. In February, 1878, at the suggestion of E. M. Dille, the zealous overseer of the Disciple church of Collamer, who offered to pay the expenses of such a proceeding, Eev. W. B. Heudrix began a series of Disciple meetings at Collinwood. They were blessed with marked success, and on the 16th of April a church was organized by Mr. liendrix, with fifty-nine members. It was immediately proposed to build a house of worship, and in ten days less than two months from the organization, a handsome framed edifice was com- pleted, costing about two thousand five hundred dollars, of which Mr. Dille contributed eight hundred. It was dedicated on the 4th of July, 1878. The church has now about seventy members; being still under the pastorate of Mr. Hendrix. The over- seers are the same as those at Collamer, E. M. Dille and Wm. Hudson; the deacons are George Morse and Alexander Mcllrath. PIEST CONGEECtATIONAL CHURCH OF COLLINVSrOOD. The supporters of the Congregational creed, and others who were desirous of having religious worship in Collinwood, united in erecting a framed house of worship in 1874, before any church had been organ- ized. A Congregational church, with the above title, was formed in 1875. The first pastor was the. Eev. Josiah Turner. He was succeeded by the Eev. C. E. Euddick, who closed his services in 1878. There are now about sixty members. The deacons are L. Cody, J. Fronting, 0. Hoagland and George Eeading; the trustees are L. . Cody, Wm. Greenlees, Benj. Carter and Wm. Jonghin. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.. 1847. Trustees, TheronWoodworth, Ahimaaz Sherwin, SamuelErwin; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, Isaac N. Pillsbury; assessor, Freeman Whitman. 1848. Trustees, Benjamin Crawford, Samuel Erwin, Joel Jones; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, B. T. Blackwell; assessor, Benj. P. Beers. 1849. Trustees, Hiram McUrath, Joel Jones, Benj. S. Welch; clerk. A. Young; treasurer, B. T. Blackwell; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1850. Trustees, H. McUrath, J. P. Doan, Darius Ford; clerk, Horatio C. Ford; treasurer, Daniel B. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1851. Trustees, Eobt. Harlow, John Welch, J. P. Doan; clerk, H. C. Ford; treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1852. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, John Welch, J. P. Doan; clerk, H. C. Ford; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1853. Trustees, Eobt. Harlow, Joel Jones, Lyman Crosby; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 18.54. Trustees, Eobt. Harlow, B. P. Beers, Lasell Birge; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant ; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth ; assessor, H.N. Smith. 1855. Trustees, Lasell Birge, E. H. Lacy, Jonathan C. Bowles; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1856. Trustees, D. A. 1 eers, J. E. Walters, Park B. Clark; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1857. Trustees, J. E. Walters, G. Watklns, Jos. Phillips; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1858. Trustees, J. R. Walters, Fredk. P. Silsby, Wm. Treat; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. E. Hildreth; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1859. Trustees, F. P. Silsby, Darius Adams, Alfred Talbot; clerk, E. T. Sturtevant; treasurer, D. R. Hildreth; assessor, S. W. Baldwin. 1860. Trustees, Darius Adams, Jos. Slaght, F. L. Burt; clerk, E. T Sturtevant; treasurer. John E. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1861. Trustees, Darius Adams, L. F. Beers, Geo. Mather; clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. E. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1862. Trustees, Sargent Currier, L. F. Beers, C. W. Dellenbaugh; clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. B. Walters; assessor. H. N. Smith. 186.3. Trustees, L. F. Beers, C. W. Dellenbaugh, Sargent Ourrier; clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1864. Trustees, C. W. Dellenbaugh, B. C. Meeker, Jas. Haycoxi olerki S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1865. Trustees, C. W. Dellenbaugh, Andrew Wemple, J. O. Meeker; clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1866. Trustees, C. W. Dellenbaugh, Andrew Wemple, J. 0. Meeker; clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer. J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1867. Trustees, C. W. Dellenbaugh, Andrew Wemple, J. O. Meeker; clerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1868. Trustees, Andrew Wemple, J. O. Meeker, W. P. Hudson; olerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, J. R. Walters; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1869. Trustees, Andrew Wemple, W. P. Hudson, L. F. Beers; clerk. S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, H. N, Smith. 1870. Trustees, W. P. Hudson, Eobt. Harlow, L. F. Beers; olerk, S. W. Baldwin; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, M. A. Bard. 1871. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, L. F. Beers, Seth Minor; clerk, S. W. Baldwm; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, M. A. Bard. 1872. Trustees, Robt. Harlow, L. F. Beers, Seth Minor; clerk, S. W, Baldwin; treasurer, N. L. Post; assessor, M. A. Bard. 1873. Trustees, Seth Minor, L. F. Beers, Joseph Ames; clerk, W. B. Waring; treasurer, Henry Ford; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1874. Trustees. L. F. Beers, Joseph Ames, Marion Minor; clerk, W. B. Waring; treasurer, Henry Ford; assessor, H. N. Smith. 1875. Trustees, L. F. Beers, Joseph Ames, Marion Minor; clerk, W. B. Waring; treasurer, Henry Ford; assessor, Levi Thomas. 1876. Trustees, Marion Minor, L. F. Beers, Joseph Ames; clerk, Nor- ton Doan; treasurer. A, C. Stevens; assessor, Levi Thomas. 1877. Trustees, Joseph Ames, Joseph Parks, Marion Minor; clerk, Wm. James; treasurer, A. C. Stevens; assessor, Anson Bartlett. 1878. Trustees, Joseph Ames, Joseph Parks, Wm. Quilliams; olerk, Norton Doan; treasurer, Wm. James; assessor, Anson Bartlett. 1879. Trustee*:, William T. Quilliams, Joseph Amor, Joseph Parks; clerk, Norton Doan; treasurer, Wm. James; assessor, Anson Bartlett. JOHN DOANE. The distinction of being the earliest surviving male resident of the county invests Mr. Doane with puWic interest and the facts regarding his ancestors and his life will be read with pleasure. He is descended from one of the oldest families in this country, and the family is also an old one in England and is thus al- luded to in th-e "Patronymica Brittanica:" "Done. — A great Cheshire family whom Omerod designates as a "race of warriors who held Utkinton (supposed to be the Done of Domesday) as military tenants of.Ven- ables from the time of King John. The chiefs of this house will be found in the battle rolls of Agin- court, Bloreheath and Flodden. * * * The name is pronounced Done (o long) and is also spelled Doane by members of the same (Cheshire) family." The original John Doane, the founder of the Doane family in this country, crossed the Atlantic in one of the first three ships that sailed to Plymouth, landing at that famous spot in the year 1630. A brother came after aud settled in Canada; another brother settled in Virginia ai.d founded an extensive connection. John Doane took a prominent and useful part in the Plymouth Colony, and in 1633 was cliosen assist- ant to Governor Winslow. In addition to this and to the civil offices which he held he was madcf a deacon in the church at Plymouth and at Bastham. He died in 1685 at the advanced age of ninety-five years. He had five children, all of whom were the progen- itors of large families. The youngest, Daniel, had four children by his first wife, among whom was Jo- seph Doane, born in 1669, three years after the fire and plague of London. Joseph had twelve children; I n I'tyi'ViA, 'Uru EAST CLEVELAND. 451 the first was named Mary, after the mother, and the second Joseph, after the father. Joseph, Jr., was born November 15, 1693, and married Deborah Had- dock in 1735. He removed to Middle Haddam, near ICiddletown on the Connecticut river, and there en- gaged in ship building. His third son, Seth, was born June 9, 1733," and married Mercy Parker, by whom he bad nine children : Seth, Timothy, Elizabeth, Nathan- iel, Job (who died in infancy), Mercy, Job, John M. and Deborah. The two Seth Doanes, father and son, were taken prisoners by the British, from a merchant vessel in 1776, during the revolutionary war, the father at the time being mate of the vessel on which he was captured. They were released in 1777, and soon after the younger Seth died from sickness contracted while a prisoner, and due to his captivity. Nearly all the children of Seth Doane removed West, and among the prominent pioneers of Cuy- hoga county were Timothy and Mary Cary Doane, parents of the subject of this sketch, who moved hither from Herkimer county. New York, early in the present century. Timothy Doane was born in Middle Haddam, Mid- dlesex county, Connecticut, on the 8th of November, 1759. In early life he adopted the calling of a sailor, which he followed nineteen years, a part of that time baing the captain of a merchantman. In 1783 he married Mary Cary, by whom he had ten children, viz: Nancy, born May 6, 1783; Seth born April 11, 1785; Timothy, born April 7, 1787; Mary, born May 16, 1789; Mercy, born September 33, 1794; Deborah, born January 11, 1796, and John, the subject of this notice, born on the 31st of June, 1798. Some time after his marriage Timothy Doane gave up the sea, and removed to Herkimer county. New York, where he engaged in farming. It was during his residence in that county that John Doane was born in the town of Frankford. Mr. Doane remained in New York seven years, and then determined to move still farther West. He ac- cordingly disposed of his farm, and with his family set out for Ohio. They traveled to Buffalo with one team of horses and one of oxen. At that place the family remained while the father pushed forward through the unbroken forest — it being then in the month of February — until he reached the residence of his brother Nathaniel, who had lately settled at Doane's Corners, now in the eastern part of the city of Cleveland. He immediately purchased two lots of land, in what was formerly called Euclid, but for thirty-two years has been known as Bast Cleveland.. In the spring of the same year (1801) he sent for his family. They came in an open boat to Paines- ville, where the boat became disabled and sank, so that from there they were obliged to travel overland — the party of five riding on two horses, and finding their way through the forest by the aid of " burnt trees " etc. They arrived at their destination after a long, wearisome and eventful journey. Their nearest neighbor for two or three years was Nathaniel Doane at "Doane's Corners." For a number of years Mr. Doane found constant employment in cutting down the timber, tilling the land, and building a home for his family. In later life he became prominently identified with many of the public interests of the county, and wherever known^was recognized as a man of staunch principles and unvarying integrity. He was a justice of the peace when the county was first organized, and was also a judge of the court of common pleas. He died on the 14th of November, 1838. His wife survived him twenty years, her death occurring in the same month in the year 1848. John Doane received a limited education, such as was aiforded by the common schools of that day. He remained at the paternal home, assisting in clearing and tilling the farm until he reached his twenty-second year. He then commenced farming upon his own account, which he continued uninter- ruptedly until 1874 when lie retired from active busi- ness. He has lived upon the farm which he still owns for seventy-eight years; having seen an unbroken wilderness displaced by fruitful fields and pleasant homes, while small settlements have grown into popu- lous cities. Mr. Doane, although very plain and unostentatious,- is a man of strong principles. He was among the first to abandon the objectionable pioneer custom of the frequent use of intoxicating liquors. Through- out life he has been strictly temperate in his habits; never using tobacco in any form, and although now in his eighty-second year, he possesses a fair amount of physical vigor and undiminished mental powers. In his early days he was an active member of the militia cavalry, in which he held the office of ser- geant. In politics he has uniformly acted with the Republicans, but has never in any way sought public office. Since 1839 he has been a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and both as a christian and a citizen he has ever been highly esteemed. Mr. Doane was married January 17, 1830, to Anuo- livia Baldwin, daughter of Seth Baldwin, of Cleve- land, who died in February, 1831. He was married the second time to Sophia Taylor, daughter of Jona- than Taylor, of Middle Haddam, Connecticut, on the 37th of September, 1833. By this union he had six children: Mary F., born NovemberSO, 1833; Abi. gail, born September 16, 1835; Edward B., born January 17, 1838; Annolivia, born September 10, 1839; Harriet S., born August 18, 1831, and John W., born August 17, 1833. Mrs. Doane died on the 3rd of October, 1870. The majority of Doanes or Doans in this section spell their names without the final letter, but Mr. John Doane and his descendants prefer to adhere to the original form, which is the one in common use throughout the country. 4.-.3 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER LXXV. EUCLID. Euclid assigned to the Surveyors-Origin of the Name-The Agreement not carried out-John Morse-Joseph Burke-David DiUe-Euple and Coleman-A House without a Board-Learning two Trades to get some Meal-Salting Fish-Jacob Coleraan-A Superabundance of Battle- snakes-Gad Cranney and Abraham Bishop-Organization of the Township-First OfBcers-Bxcitement in the War of 1813-Dr. Farns- worth-Cheap Land-Paul P. Condit-Euclld Village and Euclid Creek -The Voters of 1815-The Old Stoneware Factory-Euclid Creek m 18-33-The Householders of 1838-Steady Improvement-Ship Yard at the Mouth of the Creek-The Eailroad-The War for the Union- Grape-Culture— The Stone Business-The Present Village of Euclid- Inoorporation-Collinwood-The Baptist Church- St. John's Congre- gation-Presbyterian Church-St. Paul's Church-Principal Town- ship Officers. As stated in the general history of the county, the surveyors and laborers employed by the Connecticut Land Company to survey the Western Reserve, insisted, after their arrival in that tract, in the spring of 1796 on having a share in the fortune which was expected to be derived from it. Gen. Cleaveland, the agent of the company and superintendent of the survey, was obliged to accede to their request, and agreed that those of them who chose to become actual settlers might have a township at one dollar per acre. This agreement was confirmed by a written contract, made at Cleveland, on the 30th of September following, by which township eight, in the eleventh range was as- signed to the employees before mentioned. The education of the principal surveyors having been chiefly mathematical, they agreed to call their township by the name of the great mathematician, Euclid. The name has ever since been retained, be- ing applied first to the survey-township and then to the civil township covering the same territory. The western and southwestern parts have since been taken off to form part of the township of East Cleveland; leaving Euclid an irregular ti-act, with an eastern boundary nearly nine miles long, a southern one less than three miles long, and a northwestern one (on the lake shore) about six miles long. This sketch is in- tended to give the history of the territory now com- prising Enclid, leaving the remainder of the old town- ship of that name to be treated of under the head of East Cleveland, though it will occasionally be neces- sary to allude to incidents and persons on the west side of the line between those two townships. By the contract between Gen. Cleaveland and the surveyors, the latter were to settle eleven families in the township in 1797, eighteen more in 1798, and twelve more in 1799; all with houses, and with small clearings of specified amounts. Otherwise, the laud was to revert to the company, except that parties who performed under the contract were not to lose their rights. Immediately afterward the employees held a meet- ing, and arranged by lot who were to begin settle- ments under the contract, respectively, in one, two and three years, that is in 1797, '98 and '99. Of all who thus planned the allotment of this magnificent tract, (in which each would have had Qve hundred acres), not a single one became a permanent resident of the territory in question, although one of the number, Nathaniel Doan did become a resident at " Doan's Corners" in Cleveland townshijj, now included in Cleveland city. Yet several attempts were made to carry out the arrangement. Among the memoranda of the surveys of the fol- lowing year (1797) we find one which says that on the 10th of August two men started out to do "settling duties" for Seth Pease and Dr. Shepard, two of the leading men employed by the company. Several other beginnings were made in that year under the contract, mostly on the flats between the ridge and the lake shore. This part of the township was sur- veyed into small tracts, while the portion farther from the lake was divided into larger ones; the inten- tion being that each man might have a place near the lake and one farther back. The first considerable improvement of which there is any account was made in 1798 by John Morse, who was not one of the original surveyors of 1796, but may have purchased the right of one of them. He built a good log house on the ridge, on the east line of the township, and girdled about twenty acres of timber around it. He also cleared ofE three or four acres on the flats near the lake shore, and sowed it to wheat and grass seed. In due time the wheat was cut iind secured in the sheaf in a small log barn, covered with black ash bark. Notwithstanding all this labor, Morse seems to have abandoned his land very sud- denly, for the wheat was left to be destroyed by the weather (remaining untouched in the frail barn for several years) while the part sowed to grass for more than ten years furnished the whole township with ''timothy" and "red-top " seed, the two kinds sowed by Morse. The first permanent settler in Euclid township was Joseph Burke, a native of Vermont and a drummer in the Revolutionary army. He was not one of the forty-one employees who made the contract with Gen. Cleaveland, in 1796, though he may have belonged to the survey-corps the next year. He settled in 1798 or '99 on the east line of the township, north of and adjoining the land taken up by Morse. Burke's cabin was on the main road, which had been opened from Cleveland to the Pennsylvania line, at the foot of the ridge, to the extent of girdling the trees on a space two rods wide, and cutting out what little un- derbrush there was. It could not be traveled in a wagon without an axe to remove obstructions. Mr. Burke soon obtained a little whisky and opened a sort of tavern, not only the first in the township, but the first between Conneaut and Cleve- land. He remained about ten years, when he re- moved to Columbia in the present county of Lorain. He afterwards volunteered in the war of 1813, and died in the service. The next settler in the present township of Euclid, of whom we have any account, was David Dille, a native of New Jersey, who came from western Penn- EUCLID. 453 sylvania in November, 1798, and located himself on the main road half a mile southwest of Euclid creek. Mr. Dille had been actively engaged in the border wars with the Indians during and subsequent to the Revolution, and was in the expedition of Colonel Crawford when that, unfortunate commander was de- feated, captured and burned at the stake, near Upper Sandusky. He had five sons, Nehemiah, Lewis B., Calvin, Luther and Asa, who were nearly all grown to manhood when their father came to Euclid, and who either came with him or made their way thither within two or three years afterward. He had also fourteen younger children, mostly natives of Euclid. Mr. Dille lived the remainder of his long life in Euclid, and died there, having trebly done his duty to the country, as soldier, pioneer and parent. Although, as before stated, David Dille was the first actual settler after Burke, of whom anything is known, yet in August previous five young men from Washington county, Pennsylvania, came to Euclid to look for land, and four of them made selections along the main road; John Shaw and Thomas Mcllrath in what is now East Cleveland; John Euple in Euclid, close to the line between the two townships; and William Coleman at Euclid creek. The fifth man, Garrett Thorp, did not then make a selection. In April, 1804, Coleman, Shaw and Mcllrath be- gan work on their respective locations. In the fall of 1804, Mr. Coleman, having cleared and planted two or three acres, and got out the logs for a cabin, brought on his family to their new home. He was a native of New Jersey, only twenty-three years old, but blessed with a wife and two children, and with little beside; his worldly goods consisting of a yoke of oxen, a wagon, a cow, and seventy-five cents in money. The wagon cover served as a tent for a short time, the few neighbors (all who lived within ten miles were neighbors) helped roll up the logs for a cabin, and then Mr. and Mrs. Coleman put on the roof without other assistance. When finished there was not a piece of board about the house; the door, the chamber-floor, and so much of an under floor as there was, being all made of stufE split out of logs witii an axe. A series of incidents related by Mr. Coleman in a manuscript preserved by the Historical Society, illus- trates most forcibly the difiiculties of pioneer life. The family having by the following March used up all the little stock of corn which had been raised the pre- vious year, Mr. Coleman went to Judge Huntington's wife, at Newburg, (the judge being away on his Judi- cial duties) and endeavored to purchase some on credit. The thrifty housewife hardly felt disposed to sell in that way to a stranger, but being desirous to aid him if practicable, asked him if he could make baskets. "Yes," promptly replied young Coleman, who felt that it was true, for he was sure that he could make baskets if a squaw could, although as yet he had never tried. "Well, what will you ask to make me some?" she then inquired. " The old Indian price," he replied; "the basket full of shelled corn." She promptly agreed to the terms, and gave him a list of the number and size of baskets she wanted. He then returned home, borrowing thirty pounds of corn-meal on the way, of Captain Timothy Doane, in the present township of East Cleveland, to be repaid on the completion of the basket-contract. The next morning Mr. Coleman looked up some good timber and began to learn the trade of basket-making. It took him several days to acquire the art to his own satisfaction, but at length he succeeded in maising a substantial, good-looking basket, and at the end of three weeks he had filled his contract. He then took his oxen, and carried his manufactures and some empty bags to Mrs. Huntington, who was well pleased with his work, and filled the baskets with corn accord- ing to contract; the whole amounting to ten and a half bushels. Mr. Coleman next went to the mill at Newburg, then owned by Rudolphus Edwards, to get his corn ground, but found that the stones had been taken out to receive an entirely new "dress." Deacon Burke, an old miller, had been sent for all the way from Hudson, to do the work, which had already occupied several days, and was likely to occupy several more. Coleman was bent on returning home with some meal as soon as possible; so after watching the deacon's op- erations a short time he told Edwards that the best thing for all parties was for him, Edwards, to board him and his oxen while he should help Burke dress the stones. Edwards was willing, if Coleman could do the work properly. The latter had'never struck a blow on a mill-stone in his life, but he was accustomed to the use of tools, had plenty of confidence in him- self and was sure he could imitate the pattern sot by the deacon. He tried it and succeeded to the entire satisfaction of the old miller. He accordingly re- mained, and after two or three days work tlie task was completed and the grist was ground. Mr. Cole- man then made his way home, having expended nearly a month's time and learned two trades in order to get a few hundred pounds of corn meal. The next move was to go to Eocky river to catch fish for the summer's use, as was the custom with all the pioneers of this section. Mr. Coleman and an- other man went thither in a canoe and soon returned with two barrels of fine pike and pickerel. Curiously enough, down to this time the people had generally supposed that lake-fisli could not be preserved in salt or brine. An old Indian, when applied to for infor- mation as to whether it could be done or not, replied: "]^o — no salt; put him on pole — make little fire — smoke him heap." Mr. Coleman's common sense, however, taught him that lake-fish would keep in salt as well as ocean-fish, and as, among his few treasures, he had a supply of salt, for which he had traded his watch before leaving 454 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Pennsylvania, he determined to try the experiment. It was completely successful, and the example was at once followed by all the people around, and resulted in making an important addition to the comforts of the community. The late Hon. John Barr took some pains to investigate the matter, and has left it on record that he was satisfied that this important discovery was due to Mr. Coleman. Jacob Coleman, an uncle of William, and a soldier of the Revolution, who had served for several years in Colonel William A. Washington's celebrated regiment of horse, moved into Enclid in 1805, as did also John Euple, long known as "Deacon " Euple, who settled on the ground he had selected two years before, a little east of Nine Mile creek. He lived there through- out a long life, raising a large and respectable family. Of course the forest of gigantic trees of which the old settlers speak with great admiration, was well supplied with such game as deer and bears, while an occasional panther gave an additional flavor of danger to the sports of the chase. Coon-hunting occupied a good deal of time, as it not only provided food when larger game was not attainable, but because coon-skins could be traded at some price to the primitive mer- chants of Cleveland and Newburg for articles of indis- pensable necessity. But the particular pet of Euclid seems to have been the rattlesnake. All the old settlers nient on the great numbers of these reptiles to be found in early times in the ravines of the main ridge and among tlie rocks farther back. Deacon John Euple at one time killed thirty-eight, counted them and piled them up in a heap, although the poison which the angrv rep- tiles spit forth into the air made him so sick tliat he had no desire to repeat the work. Luther Dille had a similar experience near Oollamer; killing forty-three, and becoming so sick that he had to go, home and leave a number of the nest alive. Boys made it their particular business to kill rattlesnakes, and became so fearless in dealing with them that an urchin would frequently hold a live snake down with a forked stick, slip a noose made of bark over its neck, and drag it home to show to his friends before dispatch- ing it. At other times they would shoot them with bows and arrows, and hold them up writhing on the points of their weapons. The i^eople of Euclid brought with them their olden reverence for religion, and the first church in the present county of Cuyahoga was organized in that township in August, 1807, John Euple being one of the first deacons; but as the house of worship belong- ing to it was in what is now East Cleveland, a sketch of the church is given in the history of that town- ship. Andrew Mcllrath and his three sons-in-law — Abra- ham Mattox, David Burnett and Abraham L. Norris settled in 1807 near the line between the present townships of Euclid and East Cleveland. He re- mained there as long as he lived, but the others, after three years' residence, moved to the West. In 1808 Gad Crauney located himself on an old cleariug near the lake shore, where he remained some fifteen years, when he, too, sought a new home m Indiana. The same year John Adams settled on the main road east of Euclid creek, where he remained some ten years, when he sold out to John Wilcox, who stayed there until quite a recent period. In 1809 Abraham Bishop, of Washington county. New York, settled on the lot on the ridge formerly improved by John Morse. He was a man of some means, and brought with him a large assortment of plow-irons, chains, etc., all of which found a ready sale among the settlers. The next year he built a saw- mill on the east branch of Euclid creek, on the site long occupied by Jonathan and Seth D. Pelton for that purpose; that being the first mill of any kind in the present township of Euclid. We must not omit, in passing, to mention the first slaughter of a panther (by a white man) in the old township of Euclid, the victor being Deacon John Euple, and the animal being a very fine specimen, measuring nine, feet from (he tip of his nose to the end of his tail. We give the deacon the honor of this achievement on the authority of Mr. Coleman's man- uscript before referred to, as he must certainly have known the facts. Mr. Andrew Mcllrath is also cred- ited with killing a panther about the same time, his only weapon being an axe. There seems to be some confusion about the two anecdotes; possibly they both relate to the same incident, but on the whole it will probably be the safest to allow each of the gentlemen the glory of killing a panther. In the forepart of 1810 the civil township of Euclid was organized, embi-acing the survey town- ship" of that name and also the townships on the Chagrin river, a large unoccupied tract on the south. The first town meeting was held on the 22d'day of April, 1810, at the dwelling house of Walter Strong, when Timothy Doan acted as moderator, and David Dille and Abraham Bishop as judges of election. The following officers were elected: Trus- tees, Elisha Graham, David Dille, Thomas Mcllrath; clerk, Lewis E. Dille; overseers of the poor, David Hendersl:ot, Holley Tanner; fence-viewers, Seth Doan, James Lewis; appraiser, Nehemiah Dille; lister, Holley Tanner; treasurer, Abraham Bishop; constable, Nehemiah Dille; supervisor of highways- eastern district, James Covei-t; northern district, Holly Tanner; east middle district, Abraham Bishop; western district, John Shaw; southern district, Asa Dille; west middle district, Lewis E. Dille. Garrett and Benjamin Thorp settled respectively in 1810 and 1811, near the mouth of Euclid creek, though Benjamin soon moved to the western part of the township, now East Cleveland. When the war of 1812 broke out, the people of Euclid felt themselves to be in a particularly danger- ous condition, exposed to assaults from the British armed vessels on the lake, and fearing possible raids from Indians by land. When the news came of Hull's ^' ' tltlCLlC. 455 surrender, followed swiftly by the report that the British and Indians were making a murderous pro- gress down the lake, the people hitched up their ox- sleds, loaded on their families and provisions and started eastward. They found the Chagrin river so swollen that they could not cross, and were in dire distress over the extremely unpleasant prospect. William Coleman went twice to Cleveland to learn the latest news. On his second trip he learned that the supposed British-Indian army was only a part of Hull's surrendered forces. Ere long most of the Euclid people returned to their homes, and nearly all of them who were capahle of bearing arms served at one time or another in defense of the frontier. Wlien troops were stationed at Cleveland, a small picket of horsemen was generally maintained at Euclid creek, to give notice of any possible hostile movement from that direction. Just before the battle of Lake Erie, as related in the general history, a detachment landed from the British fleet and killed an ox sup- posed to have belonged to one of the Mcllraths; but tliis was the only occasion of the kind, and the vic- tory won by Perry and his men soon put an end to the alarms of the people. It was just before, or during the war that Dr. Iliivilla Farnsworth who had previously practiced at Newport, Khode Island, settled on what is now known as the Friday farm, on the ridge, being the first phy- sician in the present township. He had a large prac- tice, both as physician and surgeon, for over twenty years; being frequently called on to go fifteen or twenty miles on horseback at night, with a guide, also on horseback, leading the way with a torch. Notwithstanding the war, occasional emigrants came in. Benjamin Day bought three hundred acres just west of the site of Nottingham, landing with his family the day before Perry^s victory. His only sur- viving son, Dr. Robert Day, was then eight years old, and well remembers the dense forests which tlien covered that part of the township. Where Notting- ham now is, there was only a path designated by marked trees and nearly all the settlers were on the main road, sometimes called the State road, or else down near the lake shore. Land was still cheap; in 1813 Luther Dille paid only three dollars per acre. In 1814 Jonathan Pelton pur- chased Abraham Bishop's farm and sawmill on Euclid creek (near the present stone quai'ries) and made his residence there. His son, Seth D. Pelton, now of Euclid creek, was then nineteen years old and his brother Joseph, who died in 1870, was twenty-one. John Bishop, bi'other of Abraham, lived at what is now Euclid village. ' Shortly afterward Paul P. Condit opened a tavern in a frame house on the main road, half a mile west of the locality last named. This was probably the first tavern kept in a framed house in the township. Abram Parr opened one at Euclid creek, shortly after Condit. By this time there was a small hamlet, called Euclid, situated where Collamer now is, which was the center of business (of which there was very little) for the township. Two miles northeast, of the main road was a still smaller cluster of houses, known as Euclid Creek, which has now assumed the name formerly assigned to the other village. Immediately after the war, Euclid began settling up with considerable rapidity, so many clearings mak- ing their appearance both on the flat land and on the ridge, that we cannot any longer attempt to designate the locations of the individual settlers. We give, however, the names, taken from the poll list, of all who voted in October, 1815; doubtless including those of nearly every voter in the old township. They are as follows: Timothy Doan, Wm. Coleman, David Hondershot, Nehemiah Dille, John Shaw, Seth Doan, Jacob Coleman, James Strong, Asa Dille 2d, Ama- ziah Porter, John H. Strong, Levi Thomas, Thos. Barr, David Dille, Samuel Ruple, Samuel Mcllrath, Jedediah Crocker, Samuel Dodge, J. Adams, A. Dille, Havilla Farnsworth, Francis K. Poi-ter, Luther Dille, Enoch Murry, Benjamin Day, Abraham Bishop, Walter Strong, Samuel Mcllrath, Abraham L. Mor- ris, Jedediah D. Crocker, Parker Pelton, Samuel Crocker, Daniel S. Tyler, Joseph Pelton, Ezra B. Smith, Dennis Cooper, Calvin Dille, Abijah Crosby, Lewis E. Dille, Hugh Hamilton, Wm. Gray, Jas. Ruple — 43. William Coleman was made the first postmaster in the township as early as 1815. In 1817 or '18 he built the first gristmill in the township on Euclid creek, and afterwards a sawmill. About 1820, or a little before, William Gray, who had been settled ten or twelve years at the mouth of Euclid creek, built works there for making stoneware, such as jugs, jars, etc. In 1823 he sold the works to J. & L. Marsilliott, whose advertisement appears in the Cleveland Herald of that year. They, or at least one of them — Leonard Marsilliott — .kept up the works about fifteen years; doing a large business for that era. He brought his clay from Springfield, Ohio, and burned seven or eight kilns every year; keeping five or six hands employed all the time. Mrs. Cushman, a daughter of William Coleman, who was born in 1819, and whose memory goes back to 1823, remembers that there was then at Euclid creek, a framed Baptist church, a framed school- house and a block-house which had been built by a Mr. Randall. It was not until 1828, however, as appears by the records, that the trustees divided the township into school districts, forming nine districts which con- tained in all a hundred and eighty-three householders. Fortunately the names of all these are preserved on the township record; so that we are able to show pretty accurately the progress of settlement in the old town- ship of Euclid at that time. They are as follows: District No. 1. — Aaron S. Bass, Austin H. Avery, Charles Moses, Nicholas Chinmark, Havilla Farns- worth, Abimel Dodge, William Gray, John Wilcox, Charles Andrews, Ezekiel St. John,. Artemas Pringle, Amaziah Porter, John Sage, Absalom Van, Curtis 456 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CtTYAHOGA COUNTY. Gould, William Coleman, Paul P. Condit, Nehemiah Dille, John P. Smith, David Dille, Dennis Cooper, John Young, Benjamin Hamilton, Peter Bowei", — Lucas, — Hays, — Childs — 38. District No. 3. — William Camp, John H. Camp, John West, John Kuple, John Hoagland, Samuel Ruple, Benj. Hoagland, John Stoner, Benj. S. Welch, Enoch Meeker, John Gardner, William Adams, John K. Hall, Nathaniel Woodruff, Myudert Wimple, An- drew McFarland, Elijah Burton, George R. Whitney, Sargent Currier, Alvin Hollister, Jesse Palmer, Jas. F. Palmer, Dr. Hotchkiss, Joseph King, Polydore King, Thomas Palmer, Peter Rush, Henry King, Mathias Rush, Moses Bond, Cyrus Ruple, Abram Histou, John Shaw, Elihu Rockwell — 34. District No. 3. — Michael Mcllrath, Hosea Blinn, James Corbus, Amos Stebbins, Joel Jones, Benjamin Jones, John Doan, Samuel Dodge, Daniel Bronson, Joseph Marshall, Andrew McHrath, Andrew Mcll- rath, Jr., Merritt Lindley, John Burt, Samuel E. Smith, Eli Williams, Seth Doan, Thomas Mcllrath, Stephen Peet, Jedediah Crocker, Lewis Stanislaus, Thomas Phillips— 33. District No. 4. — Guy Lee, Thomas Curtis, John Welch, John Handee, Adouiram Peck, Jesse Cross, Jacob S. Dille, Richard Curtis, Clark Currier, Step- hen B. Meeker, Abram Mattox, Jacob Compton, Elias Lee, Reynolds Cahoon, Asa Dille, Lewis R. Dille, Abel Handee— 17. District No. 5. — Benjamin Sawtill, Benjamin Saw- till, Jr., A. D. Slaght, Cyrus Gilbert, Josephus Hen- dershott, John Allaton, Samuel Ruple 3d, Lawrence Ruple, Isaac Husong, Abner Heston, John Goulden, William Ruple, Samuel W. Dille, John Cowel — 14. District No. 6. — William Hale, Thomas Mcllrath, Jr., Samuel Mcllrath, Samuel Mclliath 2d, Thad- deus Wright, Aaron Bunnel, James Johnston, Ben- jamin Day, Abijah Crosby, John Ruple 2d, Ezekiel Adams, John Adams — 13. District No. 7. — Gad Cranney, Levi Thomas, Asa Dille 2d, Calvin Dille, Luther Dille, Leonard Mar- silliot, Jason Crosier, Wakeman Penfield, Garrett Thorp, Jacob Coleman, Jacob Coleman, Jr., Abijah Coleman, Abraham Voorhees, Abraham Perry, Luther Crosier, = Johnston, Warren Andrews, Josei^h Croninger, Peter Thorp, William Wright, Henry Ewers — 21. District No. 8. — Henry Shipherd, Elihu Richmond, Asa Weston, Samuel Robbins, Omar Spring, William Richmond, Russell Benjamin, Asahel Payne, David Spragne, Virgil Spring, Edmund Richmond, Levi Richmond, George Weston. District No. 9. — John Smith, Michael Stewarl Esther Aikins, John E. Aikins, Amasa Payne. Ruel House, William Treat, Aniasa Babbitt, Thomas Gray, William IJpson, John Cone, Abraham Bis hop, James M. Strong, George Griffith, Stephei White, Seth D. Pelton, Jonathan Pelton, Joseph Pel ton, Tracy Evans, Charles White, Robert Aikins — 31 District No. 10.' — Lawrence O'Connor, Alansoi O'Connor, Jos. House, Jeremiah Shumway, Timothy Eddy, Ahaz Merchant, Benjamin Thorp, Andrew Stewart, John Moore, David Bunnel, Luther Wood- worth, Ezra Fairfield, Cornelius Thorp, Isaac Page — 14. It will, of course, be seen by this goodly list that Euclid was pretty well advanced in the way of settle- ment in 1838, and doubtless, the rattlesnakes had mostly by this time been frightened out of the local- ity. A stage route had been established along the main road between Cleveland and Buffalo, along which two-horse and four-horse teams went every day and both ways, and when emigration opened in the spring, the lake being still closed, it sometimes seemed as if the whole Eastern World was pouring along the great road to the Par West. During the next decade the old log houses of the pioneei's wei'e generally changed for framed ones, and notwithstanding the "hard times" of 1837, there was a marked improvement in the appearance of the township. About 1840, or a little before, Ruel House, Charles Moses and Captain Wm. Trist opened a ship-yard at the mouth of Euclid creek, which was maintained some ten years. They first devoted their energies to building canal-boats, the yard being on the west side of the creek. Ten or twelve were built in the course of four or five years. Then the yard was moved to the west side and the work of building schooners was engaged in. Six or seven were put afloat in the course of the next five years; the last and largest having a measurement of about three hun- dred tons. R. H. Strowbridge, who came in 1840, says that Abram Farr was still keeping tavern at Euclid creek, and there were three stores at that point; those of John Bishop, Chas. Farr and Nelson Moses. The township was still somewhat thickly settled in the southern part, adjoining Warrensville. Stone-quar- ries had recently been opened near the present ones on Euclid creek, by James Hendershot, Madison Sherman and Husong, but were not worked much. Madison Sherman had the first mill for cutting stone. We have now passed through the more interesting part of the township's life, the era of its transmuta- tion from a wilderness into an agricultural com- munity, and must proceed with greater speed over the remaining portion. In 1847 the western part of Euclid was annexed to the newly formed township of East Cleveland, reducing the former to its present limits. By 1850 the township was well settled in all its parts, though still showing some of the marks of newness and roughness. In 1853 the opening of the Cleveland, Painesville and Ashtabula railroad (since become a part of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern road) extending for five miles and a half through the present town- ship of Euclid, gave it still greater similarity to an old settled country. By 1860 the transient observer would never have guessed that only forty years before EUCLID. 457 Euclid was the congenial home of the deer, the hear, the wolf and the deadly rattlesnake. All wore the appearance of smiling repose and unbounded plenty. But treason and slavery, more deadly foes than wolf or rattlesnake, were about to assail the country, and Euclid, like all the rest of the land, was obliged to send forth her gallant sons to defend the nation's life. The records of both their deeds and their names will be found with their respective regiments m the general history of the county. Since the war more changes have been carried out in Euclid than in almost any other township in the county. Grape-culture has become a very important industry. It was begun in a small way near Oollamer about 1855, but did hot attain much consequence until after the war. We are indebted for some facts regard- ing it to Mr. Louis Harris, one of the largest grape- growers in the township. Mr. Harris was the first man who planted a vineyard on Put-in-Bay island, but becoming satisfied that Euclid was a much superior locality for that purpose he removed thither. He has no hesitation in saying that that is the best locality for Delaware grapes in the whole State of Ohio. It requires three years for a vineyard to get into bearing order. There has been but one year in the history of Euclid grape-culture, in which vineyards of that age or older did not bear. There are about two hundred and twenty acres of vineyards in the town- • ship, devoted to Concord, Catawba, Delaware, Martha, Ives, Diana and Hartford Prolific grapes; the Con- cords and Oatawbas being the principal varieties raised. The Concords produce about three tons per acre, the Catawbas two tons, the Delawares two, the Marthas two, the Dianas two and a half, the Ives four, and the Hartford Prolifics no less than five tons per acre. An especially good characceristic of the Euclid vine- yards is the fact that the vines require no protection during the winter; the slatestone of the soil produc- ing strong hardy wood for the vines, impervious to all the winds that blow on lake or land. The poorest soil for grain is the best for grapes. Land which, as Mr. Harris said, would not raise wheat enough to feed the grasshoppers, has produced good crops of grapes for ten years in succession. The principal market is found in Cleveland, but large quantities are shipped to Chicago, Cincinnati and Louisville. Besides the grapes sold in bulk, considerable quantities are made into wine by Mr. Harris and others in Euclid, and thence sent away for sale. The stone business, too, has become an important one within the last twelve years. The quarries worked forty years ago had been substantially abandoned, on account of the supposed impracticability of compet- ing with the Berea stone. In 1867, however, Mr. Duncan McFarland opened a quarry on Euclid creek, not far from the old ones, and since then the business has rapidly increased in consequence. James and Thomas McFarland opened the first quarry on the west side of the creek in 1871. In 1875 they sold out to the Forest City Stone Company, opened a quarry on the east side and built a mill for cutting the stone into slabs. They now run three gangs of saws and employ about fifteen hands, mostly in producing flagging stone, though some building stone, etc., is quarried. The Forest City Stone Company employ twenty- five men, and are doing a very extensive business. Their mill is in Cleveland. Maxwell Brothers (now McBride, Maxwell & Ma- lone) opened a quarry and built a very large mill on ]N"ine Mile Creek in 1873. They run six gangs of saws, with about twenty men. They use Ingersoll's steam drill, carrying steam eleven hundred feet into the quarry for that purpose, and thus driving the drill twenty inches into the solid rook in three min- utes. There is also a steam-mill, for sawing stone, at Nottingham, built and owned by Slosson & Meeker. It has four gangs of saws, principally employed in cutting flagging stone. The village once known as East Euclid, or Euclid Creek, but now more properly designated as Euclid, contains one church, a fine school-house, two stores, one hotel, one steam basket-factory, one wagon shop, one shoe-shop, two blacksmith shops, and about thirty houses. It has not grown very rapidly of late, finding a rival in Nottingham, another small village which has grown up since 1852 on the Lake Shore railroad, three-fourths of a mile to the northward. The latter has two stores, one wagon-shop, one feed- mill, one stone-mill, one shoe-shop, two blacksmith- shops, and also about thirty houses. Nearly the whole of Euclid township was incorpor- ated "for special purposes," under the laws of Ohio, in April, 1877, when L. B. Smith, William Robbins and Louis Harms were elected trustees, and J. Day was appointed clerk. In April, 1878, L. B. Smith was re-elected for three years. But the corporate ex- istence of Euclid was very brief, for at the election in October, 1878, the people voted to surrender their corporate privileges, and revert to the rural condition of their forefathers. There is a commodious town-hall, built of brick, situated at Euclid village. In the south part of the township there is a framed building called Temper- ance Hall. It was built in 1877 by subscription, and is used for meetings of various kinds, especially for those of Cliff Division, No. 98, of the Sons of Tem- perance. The division was organized in August of that year and contains about fifty members. A part of the village of Collinwood, which has grown up since the war, on the Lake Shore railroad, is also in Euclid; the main street of the village being the line between that township and East Cleveland. As, however, the greater part of the village is in East Cleveland, it will be more fully described in the his- tory of that township. 58 458 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. EUCLID BAPTIST CHUECH.* On the 37th day of April, 1820, six brethren and five sisters were recognized by a council, duly called, as the regular Baptist church of Euclid. Luther Dille was the first deacon. Of those eleven members none remain alive; Calvin Dille, who died in 1875, being the last survivor. Previous to the date first given there had for several years been Baptist preach- ing in Euclid by Elder Goodell and others, but no church organization. Elder Azaria.h Hanks, whose wife was one of the constituent members, united by letter at the first meeting of the church, became its pastor, and continued so for about four years. His labors during the first year were singularly successful, no less than forty-three persons, besides the eleven constituent members, uniting by baptism, and eight by letter, during the remaining eight months of 1834. Ten united on the 3d of June following the organi- zation, of whom Deacon Seth D. Pelton is the only sur- vivor, being the oldest living member of the church. In September of that year Elder Hanks, Deacon Dille and Mr. Libbey were sent as delegates to request the admission of the church into the Grand River As- sociation and to represent it when admitted. It was so admitted, and (except during two years when it belonged to Huron association) remained in the Grand Eiver body until 1834, when it entered the Eocky River association, of which it has ever since been a member. The jurisdiction of the church seems to have ex- tended over a goodly portion of the Western Reserve, meetings being held at East Euclid, at Newburg, fre- quently at Chagrin river, and sometimes at S. D. Pel- ton's residence on the ridge, near the site of the stone quarries. But the principal headquarters of the church were at Euclid creek, and there in January, 1831, the members voted to build "a framed house of worship on land given by John Wilcox, thirty feet square, with posts fifteen feet long, a gallery in front of the desk, ten feet wide, two doors opposite the desk, two aisles and thirty-six pews on the lower floor." It was first voted that the pews should be sold for twelve dollars each; afterwards that they should be sold at auction, "twenty per cent, to be paid in ashes in advance, and the balance by the first of January next in grain." Wheat was then $1, rye 75 cents and corn 50 cents per bushel. Nothing could more clearly show the scarcity of money and the primitive customs of those times than this extract. John Wilcox, Wm. Treat and S. D. Pelton were the building committee, and the structure is believed to have been erected during the ensuing year. In 1833 the church employed Elder Hanks as pastor two- thirds of the time for two hundred bushels of wheat. The next year, becoming more wealthy, they voted to pay him three hundred bushels per year, appar- ently for the whole of his time. ''Condensed from printed sketch by Rev. S. B. Webster. No subsequent year has been so fruitful in conver- sions as the first one of Elder Hanks' pastorate. The church maintained its original strength, but did not greatly increase in numbers. In 1838 Solo- mon Dimick was the pastor, and during that year seventeen were added to the church. Twenty-eight were baptized in 1843, under the labors of Elder Crocket, though apparently there was no regular pastor at that time. The church was incorporated, under a special act of the legislature, on the 13th of March, 1844, doubt- less preparatory to the erection of a new house of worship. The latter was begun in 1845, being, like the former one, erected on land donated by John Wilcox. It was to be of brick, about thirty-six feet by forty-eight, and the trustees were to finish it "as fast as the church furnish funds." This was slow work; the time for payment in ashes and wheat was passed, but cash was still hard to obtain, and the house was so long in building that it was used for several years in an unfinished state, and was never formally dedicated. It was, however, at last com- pleted, and has been occupied by the church to the present time. During the latter part of its existence, the church has maintained the same moderate degree of pros- perity which had previously distinguished it. In 1846, under the pastorate of Elder Wilder, twenty- five were added by baptism, and, in 1849, under Elder Andrews, ten were expelled from the church. In 1864, when Elder Phillips was the minister, there were twenty-three baptized, but this large increase was succeeded by ten absolutely barren years, reaching from 1865 to 1875, in which there was not a single addi- tion to the membership. There are now a little over fifty members, almost exactly the same as there were at the end of the first year of the church's history. The present officers are as follows: Pastor, S. B. Webster; deacons, S. D. Pelton, John Aiken; clerk, J. S. Charles; trustees, Henry Priday, L. J. Neville, S. S. Langshare; clerk of society, Warren Gardner. ST. JOHN'S CONGREGATIOK (GERMAN EVANGELICAL ' LUTHERAN). In 1845, and the following years, a few German families settled in the southern part of Euclid and the southeastern part of East Cleveland townships. In 1853 these people, then comprising about twelve families, though as yet unorganized, bought an acre of land near the old stone school-house, on the State road, on which they erected a small framed building for a meeting-house and schooVhouse. In 1853 they formed themselves into a church, with the title above given, and called Rev. H. Kuehn to the pastorate. The next year they bought ten and a half acres more of land adjoining their former purchase, and in 1854 they built a residence for the pastor upon it. By 1860 the congregation had increased to about twenty families, and in that year the Eev. Mr. Kuehn EUCLID. 459 was succeeded by Rev. A. Ernst. In 1^63 the present large and convenient church edifice was erected, the old one being thenceforth used only as a school-house. The next year Mr. Ernst was succeeded by Bev. F. W. Husniaun, from Fort Wayne, Indiana, who has ever since acted as the pastor. From that time to the present the church has steadily increased, there being now fifty families with over three hundred members. The school has always been an object of anxious solicitude to the congregation, religious instruction being carefully inculcated in it, besides the ordinary branches of education, and German and English reading and writing. The pastors themselves taught the school until about four years ago, when, owing to the increased numbers of both churcli and school, a separate teacher was employed, Mr. H. Laasner hav- ing since acted in that capacity. The deacons and trustees are as follows: Ernest Klaustermeier, Ernest Melcher and Fr. Mclcher, of Euclid; Fr. Rolf and Henry Dremann, of East Cleveland, and Henry Klaustermeier, of Mayfield. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NOTTINGHAM. This church was organized about 1870, and, al- though thei'e were but twelve or thirteen members, yet their zeal was such that they built a framed house of worship immediately after the organization. The Rev. Fjanklin McGinniss supplied the pulpit for about two years. Since then Rev. M. A. Qackett has perfoj-med the same duty, although the weakness of the congregation has prevented it from sustaining constant services. ST. PAUL'S (catholic) CHURCH. This church was organized in the spring of 1861, the church edifice, situated between Nottingham and Euclid village, being completed in November of that year. Rev. Edward Harman was the first pastor, but did not reside in the township. He was succeeded in 1863 by Rev. Francis Salenn, and he in 1865 by Rev. Anthony Martin, the first resident pastor, who has ever since occupied that position. The same year a parsonage and a cemetery wei-e purchased, and in 1867 a parochial school was established. St. Josepli Chapel, Collinwood, was separately organized in 1877, but is under the care of the same pastor. St. Paul's church now includes about seventy families, and fifty children attend its parochial school. PRINCIPAL township OFFICERS. 1810. Trustees, Elisha Graham, David Dills, Thomas Mollrath ; clerk, Lewis R. Dille; overseers of the poor, Daniel Hendershot, Holley Tan- ner; appraiser, Nehemiah Dille; lister, Holley Tanner. 1811. Not recorded. 1812. Trustees, Samuel Dodge, Abraham Bishop, Christopher Colson; cleric, L, R. Dille; treasurer, A. Bishop; appraiser, A. Bishop; lister, Nehemiah Dille; overseers of the poor, Elias Lee, John Adams. 1813. Trustees, Elias Lee, Jedediah Crocker, Dan Hudson; clerk, William Coleman; apprai.-er, .iames Strong; lister, William Smith; overseers of the poor, David Dille, Elisha Graham. 1814. Trustees, Seth Doan, Nehemiah Dille, James Strong; clerk, William Coleman ; treasurer, David Dille ; appraiser, John Bishop ; lister, David Bunnell; overseer of the poor, John Shaw. 1815. Trustees, S. Doan, N. Dille, J. Strong; clerk, Wm. Coleman; treasurer, Enoch Murray; lister, Samuel Mcllrath; appraiser, A. Dille; overseers of the poor, E. Murray, Luther DiUe. 1816. Trustees, Samuel Mcllrath, Nehemiah Dille, James Strong; clerk, Luther Dille; treasurer, Enoch Murray; appraiser, Aaron Cooper; lister, S. Ruple; overseers of the poor, John Shaw, John Ruple. 1817. Trustees, Seth Doan, John Ruple, Thomas Gray; clerk, Luther Dille; treasurer, Enoch Murray; appraiser, Parker Pelton; lister, Anson Cooper; overseers of the poor, Enoch Murray, James Strong. 1818. Trustees, John Ruple, Enoch Murray, John Wilcox; clerk, Wm. M. Camp; treasurer, David DiUe ; appraiser, Parker Pelton ; lister, Paul P. Condit; overseers of the poor, Dennis Cooper, Calvin Dille. 1819. Trustees, J. Shaw, Elihu Richmond, Abijah Crosby; clerk, Wm. M. Camp; treasurer, Samuel W. Dille; lister, P. P. Condit; overseers of the poor, Samuel Mcllrath, Asa Weston. 1820. Trustees, John Shaw, Elihu Richmond, Wm. Case ; clerk, Wm. M.Camp; treasurer, Alex. Mcllrath ; appraiser, Timothy Doan; lister, P. P. Condit; overseers of the poor, Robert Young, Timothy Doan. 1821. Trustees, John Shaw, Timothy Doan, John Aikens; clerk, Wm. M. Camp; treasurer, A. Mcllrath; appraiser, Benjamin S. Welch; lister, John Sag j; overseers of poor, Seth Doan, Wm. Coleman. 1822. Trustees, Ahaz Merchant, Nehemiah Doan, Asa Weston ; clerk, Alvin Hollister; treasurer, Samuel Ruple; appraiser, B. S. Welch; list- er, P. P. Condit ; overseers of poor, A. Mcllrath, S. Ruple. 1823. Trustees, Wm. M. Camp, Ahaz Merchant, Ben]. Jones; clerk, Alvin Hollister; treasurer, Samuel Ruple; appraiser, B. S. Welch; lister, Joel Randall ; overseers of poor, J. D. Crocker, Wm. Gray, 1824. Trustees, Ahaz Merchant, John Wilcox, Samuel Ruple; clerk, Dennis Cooper; treasurer, Timothy Doan; appraiser, Andrew Race; lister, Joel Randall; overseers of poor, Benj. Jones, Reuel House. 1825. Trustees, John Wilcox, Samuel Ruple. John Shaw; clerk, Den- nis Cooper; treasurer, Timothy Doan; appraiser, B. S. Welch; lister, P. P. Condit; overseers of poor, Peter Rush, Joseph King. 1826. Trustees, John Wilcox, John Shaw, S. D. Pelton; clerk, Dennis Cooper; overseers of poor, Elijah Burton, John Stoner. 1827. Trustees, Seth D. Pelton. John Doan, Peter Rush; clerk, Dennis Cooper; treasurer, Timothy Doan; overseers of poor, N ehemiah Dille, William Coleman. 1828. Trustees, John Shaw, S. D. Pelton, Peter Rush; clerk, Dennis Cooper; treasurer, Elihu Rockwell; overseers of poor, Benjamin Jones. John Smith. 1829. Trustees, John Cone, Samuel MoUrath, Peter Rush ; clerk, John Wilcox; treasurer, Elihu Rockwell; overseers of poor, EUhu Richmond, Asa Weston. 1830. Trustees, John Cjne, Samuel Mcllrath, Abraham D. Slaght; clerk, John Wilcox; treasurer, John Stoner; overseers of poor, Gad Cranney, Jeremiah Shumway. 1831. Trustees, Abraham E. Slaght, John Smith, M. S. Mollrath; clerk, Sargent Currier; treasurer, John Stoner; overseers of poor, William Coleman, Samuel Dodge. 1832. Trustees, Michael S. Mollrath, Wakeman Penfleld, John Welch ; clerk, John Sage; treasurer, John Stoner; overseers of poor, Samuel Ruple, Timothy Doan. 1833. Trustees, M. S. Mcllrath, John Wilcox, William Upson; clerk, John Sage; treasurer, Alvin Hollister; overseers of poor, John Wilcox, A. S. Bliss. 1831. Trustees, John Wilcox. William Treat, Casper Hendershot; clerk, John Sage; treasurer, A. HolUster; overseers of poor, P. P. Con- dit, Abraham Farr. 1835. Trustees, Wilham Treat, Casper Hendershot, John Stoner ; clerk, John Sage; treasurer, P. P. Condit; overseers of poor, John Welch, Dennis Cooper. 1836. Trustees, William Treat, Casper Hendershot, John Stoner ; clerk, John Sage; treasurer, P. P. Oondir; overseers of poor, Dennis Cooper, J ohn Wilcox. 1837. Trustees, Casper Hendershot, William Nott, Merrick Lmdley ; clerk, John Sage; treasurer, P. P. Condit; overseers of poor, John Welch, Dennis Cooper. 1838. Trustees, Casper Hendershot, William Nott, John Welch ; clerk, John Saee; treasurer, Paul P. Condit; overseers of poor, John Welch, Dennis Cooper. 1839. Trustees, John Welch, S. D. Pelton, John Doan; clerk, John Sage; treasurer, Sargent Currier; overseers of the poor, Dennis Cooper, William Hale. 1840. Trustees, S. D. Pelton, John Doan, Hiram Mcllrath; clerk, John Wilcox- treasurer, Sargent Currier; overseers of the poor, Samuel Mc- llrath, Wm. Hale. 1841. Trustees, Hiram Mcllrath, John D. Stillman, Henry Shipherd ; clerk, John Wilcox; treasurer, Myndert Wimple. 1842. Trustees, Hiram Mcllrath, S. D. Pelton, John Welch; clerk, Henry Shipherd; treasurer. Myndert Wimple; overseers of the poor, Thomas Mcllrath, Wm. Hale. 1843. Trustees, Hiram Mcllrath, John Welch, William Treat; clerk, John Sage; treasurer, Johnson Ogram; overseers of the poor, John A. Hale, A. Crosby. 460 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1844. Trustees, S. D. Pelton, Benj. B. Beers, Virgil Spring; clerk, John Wilcox; overeeers of the poor, Thos. Mcllrath, Anson jUken; assessor, Samuel A, Mcllrath. l&4o. Trustees, S. D. Pelton, Benj. B. Beers, Virgil Spring; clerk, John Wilcox; overseers of the poor, Thos. Mcllrath, Anson Aiken; assessor, Samuel A. Mcllrath. 1845. Trustees, B. B. Beers, Virgil Spring, Anson Aiken: clerk, M. W. Bartlett; overseers of the poor, Thos. Mcllrath, Auson Aiken; assessor, Benj. Hoagland. 1846. Ti-ustees, B. B. Beers, Virgil Spring, Anson Aiken; clerk, M. W. Bartlett; overseer of the poor, R. S. Mcllrath; assessor, J. Wilcox. 1847. Trustees, Anson Aiken, Virgil Spring, Joseph Pelton; clerk, M. W. Bartlett; overseer of the poor, E. S. Mcllrath; assessor, B. B. Beers. 1848. Trustees, Joseph Pelton, Wm. West, Wm. Treat; clerk, T. T. White; overseer of the poor, E. S. Mcllrath; assessor, John Wilcox. . 1849. Trustees, Wm. West, Wm. Treat, Joseph Pelton; clerk, Aaron Thorp; overseer of the poor, John Wilcox; assessor, Henry Shipherd. 1850. Trustees, Wm. Treat, Joseph Pelton, J. L. Aldi ich ; clerk, Aaron Thorp; overseer of the poor, Anson Aiken ; assessor, Henry Shipherd, ISol. Trustees, Wm. Treat, Vii gil Spring, Jonathan Parr; clerk, Chas. Farr; overseer of the poor, Anson Aiken; assessor, M. W. Bartlett. 1853. Trustees, Jonathan Parr, Virgil Spring, M. Dille ; clerk, Chas. Farr; treasurer, Chas. Moses; assessor, M. W. Bartlett. 1853. Trustees, Jonathan Parr, Joseph Pelton, Wm. Treat; clerk, Chas. Farr; treasurer, Chas. Moses; assessor, M. W. Bartlett. 18.>(. Trustees, Jonathan Parr, Joseph Pelton, Wm. Treat ; clerk Chas- Farr; treasurer, Chas. Farr; assessor, Jefferson Gray. 1855. Trustees, Virgil Spring, H. M. Eddy, C. S. White; clerk, Aaron Thorp; treasurer, Nelson Moses; assessor, Jefferson Gray. 1856. Trustees, Virgil Spring, H. M. Eddy, Joseph Pelton; clerk, Aaron Thorp; treasurer, Chas. Moses; assessor, Jefferson Gray. 1857. Trustees, Virgil Spring, Jos. Pelton, C. S. White ; clerk, S. W. Dille; treasurer, Chas. Farr; assessor, H. Cushman. 1858. Trustees, C. S. White, Jos. Pelton, Wells Minor; clerk, S. W. Dille; treasurer, Chas. Moses; assessor, Jeff. Gray. 1859. Trustees, C. S. White, Jos. Pelton, Wells Minor; clerk, S. W. DUle; treasurer, Nelson Moses; assessor, Jeff. Gray. 1860. Trustees, C. S. White, Geo. Rathburn, John Wilcox, Jr. ; clerk, Henry Moses; treasurer, Nelson Moses; assessor, Jeff. Gray. 1861. Trustees, C. S. White, Geo. Rathburn, Jas. Eddy; clerk, S. W. Dille; treasurer, Nelson Moses; assessor, H. Cushman. 1803. Trustees, C. S. White, Jas. Eddy, Wm. Marshall; clerk, S. W. Dille; treasurer. Nelson Moses; assessor, Benj. Hoagland. 1863. Trustees, Chas. Moses, Jas. Eddy, Wm. Marshall; clerk, S. W. Dille; treasurer, Chas. Farr; assessor, S. Woodmansee. 1864. Trustees, Chas. Moses, James Eddy, Wm. Marshall; clerk, E. J. Hulbeit; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, S. Woodmansee. 1865. Trustees, C. S. White, G. W. Woodworth. L. B. Dille; clerk, S. W. DUle; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, S. Woodmansee. 1866. Trustees, C. S. White, G. W. Woodworth, Wells Minor; clerk, S. AV. Dille; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, S. Woodmansee. 1867. Trustees, Wells Minor, A. B. Dille, David Waters; clerk, A. C. Stevens; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, S. Woodmansee. 1868. Trustees, Wells Minor, David Waters, C. S. White; clerk, E. P. Haskell; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, S. Woodmansee. 18B9. Trustees, Wells Miniir, David Waters, Wm. Gaylord ; clerk, E. P. Haskell; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, Morris Porter. 1870. Trustees, Wells Minor, David Waters, Ernest Melchor; clerk, E. P. Haskell; treasurer, C. W. Moses; assessor, Morris Porter. 1871. Trustees, Wells Minor, David Waters, Ernest Melchor; clerk, A. S. Jones; treasurer, L. J. Neville; assessor, S. Woodmansee. Ih73. Trustees, Divid Waters. Ernest Melchor, H. M. Eddy; clerk, L. J. Neville; treasurer, Moj-ris Porter; assessor, S. S. Armstrong. 1873. Trustees, David Waters, Ernest Melchor. H. M. Eddy; clerk, Joseph Day; treasurer, Morris Porter; assessor, S. S. Armstrong. 1874 Trustee, H. M. Eddy, Ernest Melchor, S. Woodmansee; clerk, W. W. Dille; treasui-er, Morris Porter; assessor, S. S. Armstrong. 1875. Trustees, Ernest Melchor, David Waters, S. Woodmansee ; clerk, Jos. Day; treasurer, Morris Porter ; assessor, Lucius Smith. 1876. Trustees, Ernest Melchor, David Waters, H. M. Eddy; clerk, Jos. Day; treasurer, A. C. Gardner; assessor. S. S. Armstrong. 1H77. Ti-ustees, H. M. Eddy, Geo. Smith, Justice Shaffer; clerk, E. P. Haskell; treasurer, A. C. Gardner; assessor, S. S. Armstrong. 1878. Trustees, David Waters, George Smith, Justice Shaffer; clerk, Stephen A\'liite; treasurer, E. D. Pelton; assessor, S. S. Armstrong. 1879. Trustees. Justice Shatter, George W. Smith, William Marshall; clerk, S. White; treasurer, E. D. Pelton; assessor, S. S. Armstrong. CHAPTER LXXVI. INDEPENDENCE.* Boundaries and Physical Features— The Pioneers— George Comstock— The Mortons— Frazee and Dickson— Z. Hathaway-Fisher and Brower, Cochrain, Miner and others— John I. Harper— Eail McArthur--West of the River— The Skinner Family— Abraham Garfield— Resident Land Owners in 1843-Civil Organization— First Officers -Principal Ofaeers— Roads— Canal and Railroad- Mills and Manufactures— Cleveland Acid Works- The Quarries— Kinzer Quarry— Hurst Quarry— Other Quarries —Independence Village — Post OfHces-Physicians— Hotels— Trade— Schools- Religious Societies— Presbyterian Church— Evangelical Asso- ciation—St. John's Lutheran Church— St. Michael's Church. Independence is described in the original survey as Township 0, range 12. It is bounded by Brooklyn and Newburg on the north; by Bedford on the east; by Brecksville and a small part of Summit county on the south, and by Parma on the west. The Cuyahoga river, flowing from a southeasterly direction, divides tho township into two unequal parts; nearly two- thirds of the area lying west of that stream. Excepting the valley of the Cuyahoga, the average width of which is about half a mile, the surface of Independence presents an elevated and broken appear- ance, although small level plateaus abound. Sand- stone and blue-stone of excellent quality generally un- derlie the soil, and sometimes manifest themselves in bare ledges. The soil is generally fertile and appears to be well adapted for mixed husbandry. Besides the Cuyahoga, the streams of the township are Tinker's creek, flowing from the east; Hemlock creek, near the center, flowing from tlie west, and some small brooks in the northwestern part. Tha latter have deep channels, often forming gorges the steep sides of which bear a stunted growth of evergreens and pre- sent a picturesque appearance. Numerous springs abound, and the natural drainage is usually suflScient to render the soil tillable. PIONEER SETTLERS. The eastern part of the township was surveyed as early as 1808, and there, along Tinker's creek, the first settlements were made a few years later, probably in 1811, although the time and place cannot be exactly determined, as the earliest pioneers did not remain long in the township. To a more permanent class of settlers belonged George and Mercy Comstock, who carae about 1813, and made their home on lot seven of tract four, where they resided during their lives. They had three sons: Peter, who lived on the place next east; George, whose home was on the present farm of William Honeywell, and Pitch, who remained ou the old homestead. Another Comstock family settled on lot two about the same time, where the head of it died in 1815, leaving several sons, two of whom were named Fitch and Joseph. On tract four, lot four, lived Daniel Comstock as early as 1813, who died there, leaving three sons, Albert, Stephen and Leonard, all of whom moved away. In the Comstock neighborhood Samuel Wood was one of the earliest settlers, rearing two sons, Silas and *The story of the temporary residence of the Moravian Indians in this township is told on pages thirty-three to thirty-flve of the general his- tory. mDEPENDENOE. 461 Harry, the latter of whom is yet living in Northfield. About the same time (the early part of 1813) Lewis Johnson, a blacksmith, located in that settlement. He had a large family; one son only by the name of Thomas is remembered. Philander Ballon lived on the south side of Tinker's creek near its mouth, about the same period. In the valley of that creek came among the early pioneers, DanierChase and Clark Morton. One of the daughters of the latter was drowned while cross- ing the Cuyahoga in a canoe. He had two sons named Daniel and Silas. There were other Mortons, living in the township about this period, viz: Thomas Samuel and William. William King was among the first to come to In- dependence. He lived on tract four a number of years, and then disappeared mysteriously. In the southeastern corner of the township Stephen Fnizee and James Dickson settled soon after 1812, and for many years were among the prominent pioneers. In the valley of Tinker's creek Asa and Horace Hungerford were also leading citizens at an early day. Farther north, on the old State road, Zephaniah Hathaway, a Vermonter, settled in 1816, and resided there until his death, at more than ninety years of age. He had two sons named Alden and Zephaniah, who also remained in that locality. The sons of the former were Lafayette, William, Rodney and Edwin; those of the latter were James and Milo; most of these yet live in that neighborhood. On the same road Jonathan Fisher, another Vermonter, settled in 1816, living on the place now occupied by his grandson, Lloyd Fisher. North of Fisher, Elisha Brower set- led about 1817, but soon afterward died, leaving four sons named John, David Pinckney, Daniel and William. Sfcill farther north, near the Newburg line, lived a. man named Ives, who died in 1819. He liad a son named Brastus. David Skinner was an early set- tler in the same neighborhood. In the northern part of the township, near the river, settlements were made about 1813 by the Coch- rain. Miner, Brockway and Paine families. One of the sons of the first-named family, Marvin, became a prominent citizen of the township. William Creen came from Brecksville in 1817, and settled on the Fos- dick place. He had five sons named Harvey, Elijah, Jeremiah, Herod and Frederick, and several daughters, one of whom, Emily, became Mrs. Fosdick. Farther up the river John Westfall, a shoemaker, settled the same year. In 1823 he sold out to Smith Towner and his son, D. D. Towner. A son of the latter, Clark Towner, now occupies the place. In 1810 John I., Archibald and William Harper, sons of Colonel John Harper a celebrated Revolu- tionary soldier who lived in Delaware county, New York, came to Ashtabula county, in this State, and in 18)6 John I. emigrated from there to Independ- eoce, settling on tract two, near where the canal now runs, where he died in August, 1849. He reared two sons, Erastus R., who yet lives on the homestead; De Witt C, who moved to Michigan; and tl;ree daughters, one of whom married H. G. Edwards, of Newburg. John Maxwell, a boy indentured to J. I. Harper, moved to Calena, Illinois, after he had at- tained manhood, and while discharging his duties as sheriff was killed by a man whom he attempted to arrest. East of the Harper place a man named Case settled about 1814; a few years later he met his death at a rais- ing at Peter Comstock's. He had four sons, named Chauncey, Asahel, Harrison and . Samuel Roberts was a squatter on the present Omar place, selling out in 1825 to Nathaniel P. Fletcher, who moved, after 1833, to Oberlin, and there helped to found Oborlin College. Farther south Ephraim S. Bailey and John Rorabeck made settlements before 1816. The latter had served in the war of 1813. Colonel Rial McArthur became a resident of the township in 1833, but returned to Portage county in 1844. He was the surveyor of the eastern part of Independence in 1808, and attained the rank of colo- nel in the war of 1813. In 1810 John Wightman became a resident of Cleveland, living there until his death, in 1837. His daughter, Deborah L., became the wife of William H. Kuapp, who settled in Independ- ence in 1833, and both are yet living on the place they then occupied. West of the Cuyahoga the land was not offered for settlement early, and but few families found homes there prior to 1835. In the northern part Ichabod L. Skinner settled as early as 1818. He reared three sons, named Gates, Prentice and David P. The lat- ter was murdered at his home a little south of the present acid works. On the road south of Skinner, Abraham Garfield, father of Hon. James A. Garfield, lived a few years prior to 1830; and in the same neighborhood was Caleb Boynton, who died there in 1831; leaving four sons, Amos, Nathan, William and Jeremiah. Other settlers on the west side were William Currier, John Darrow, Jasper Fuller and Jaud Fuller. In 1843 the resident land owners in this part of the township were the following: Conrad Schaff, Peter E. Swartz, Joseph BeicLelmeyer, SanfordFoot, Ichabod L. Skinner, J. L. Skinner, John Walsh, Henry Wood, Hiram Pratt, John T. Gaw, Joseph Rose, David Yost, Martin Dirrer, L. Stewart, Peter Young, Jacob Walters, Nelson Loud, Benj. Wood, Moses Usher, Elijah Danser, David Barney, Harvey Green, John Foltz, Wm. Bushnell, Wm. Buskirk, Wm. Walter, John Shearer, John Schneider, Nathan- iel Wyatt, Mathew Bramley, James Miller, S. M. Dille, David Stewart, H. Orth, Alvah Darron, An- thon Gaw, Andrew Hartmiller, M. Sherman, Abra- ham Gable, Daniel Alt, Peter P. Crumb, Blihu Hol- lister, Amos Newland, E. Clark, Wm. Ring, Elisha ■ Brooks, Wm. Currier, Elijah Green, Jacob Foltz, Jacob Froelich, Mathias Froelich, John Froelich, Samuel Hayden, John Leonard, L. Wright, John 462 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Wolf, Jolin Derr, J. Green, A. Newland, Thomas Cook, Jatnos Martin, Wm. G. Adams, Asa Hanger- ford, Ezra Fuller, John Needham, Eafns Johnson, Philip Gardner, Joseph Ounniugham, Mat'iew Bar- ker, Nathaniel Stafford, Robert Cook, Wm. Van Noate, Jacob Warner, Jasper Puller, John Moses, J. P, Leonard, Mathew Gardner, Ezra Brewster, Jere- miah Gowdy, Lewis Kohl. On the east side of the river the land owners in that year were as follows: Jacob Krapht, Joseph Miller, Marvin Cochrain, David D. Towner, Jonathan Pisher, Findley Strong, Zophaniah Hathaway, E. Gleason, H. G. Edwards, Abram Wyatt, G. Richmond, Wm. Giles, Moses Gloeson, William Gleeson, Roger Com- stock, Wm. Green, Waterman Ells, Alfred Pisher, John I. Harper, Silas A. Hathaway, E. R. Harper, Bsnj. Fisher, Samuel Hinkley, L. Campbell, Allen Robinotte, Horace Hungerford, Stephen Frazee, Rial Mc Arthur. CIVIL ORGANIZATION'. The records of the township from its organiz'ition till 1834 have been destroyed by fire. In that year the election for township officers resulted as follows: Trustees, John I. Harper, J. L. M. Brown, Marvin Cochrain; clerk, William H. Knapp; treasurer, Jon- athan Fisher; constables. Orange McArthur, Jona- than Frazee; overseers of the poor, Enoch Scovill, William Green; fence viewers, Alvah Darrow, Na- thaniel Wyatt. The number of votes polled was sev- enty-one. E'.ioch Jewett, Stephen Frazee and S. A. Hathaway were the judges of the election, and Greo. Comstock and Alvah Darrow served as clerks. On the 2nd of August, 1834, afi election for justice of the peace was held at the house of William H. Knapp, when David D. Towner received forty-one votes, Wm. H. Knapp sixteen, and Stephen Frazee, nine. Since 1834 the principal officers have been as fol- lows: 1835. Trustees, Alvah Darrow, Jr., J. Zsphaniah Haihaway, Jasper Fuller; clerk, Alfred Fi-her; treasurer, Jonathan Fisher. 1836. Trustees, Eqos Hawkins, Zephaniah Hathaway, Jasper Fuller; clerk, Alfred Fisher; treasurer, D. D, Towner. 1837. Trustees, BUhu HoUiste", John I. Harper, John Rowan; clerk, Alfred Fisher; treasurer D. D. Towner. 183S. Trustees, Alfrad Fisher, Enoch Scovill, Samuel Durand ; clerk, Wm. H. Knapp; treasurer, D. D. Towner. 1,83!). Truste-s, Alfred Fisher, Wm. Buskirk, Samuel Durand; clerk, Hirry Mc.^rthur; treasurer, D.D.Towner. 180. Trustees, Mirvin Cochrain, John Phillips, Wra. F. Bushnell; clerk, Wm. H. Knapp; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper. 1811. Trustees. Alfred Fisher, Daniel B. Williams, Elias M. Gleeson; clerk, H vrry Mc.^rthur; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper. 1843. Trustees, Finlay Strong Wm. Van Xoate, Isaac Packard; clerk, Harry Mo.4.rihur; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper. 1843. Trustees, Jonathan Fisher, Alvah Darrow, Wm. F. Bushnell; clerk, Harr.r MoArthur; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper. 1844. Trustees, Jonathan Fisher, Alvah Darrow, Wm. F. Bushnell; clerk. Harry McArthur; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper. 18r>. Trustees. D. D. T >wner, Alvah Darrow, H. McArthur; clerk, D. H. Fisher; treasurer Brastus R, Harper, 1816. Trustees, D. D. Towner, Wm. Buskirk, H. Mc.irthur; clerk, B. H. Fisher; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper. 1847. Trustees, D. D. Towner, Wra. Buskirk, Joseph Cunningham; clerk I. L. Gleeson; t easurer, Brastus R. Harper. 1848. Trustees. Jacob Foltz, Silas A. Hathaway, Joseph Cunningham; clerk, I. L. Gleeson; treasurer, E -astus R. Harper. 1849. Trustees. Jacob Foltz, Alfred Fisher, Alvah Darrow ; clerk, L. D. Hathaway; treasurer, Brastus R. Harper. 1860. Trustees, John Schofleld, Alfred Fisher, Wm. Van Noate ; clerk, Benj. Wood; treasurer, Erastus R. Harper. 1851. Trustees, E, R. Harper, James Miller, Wm. H. Perry; clerk, I. L. Gleeson; treasurer, John Schofleld. 185-3. Trustees, Jacob Foltz. James Miller, I. L. Gleeson; clerk, Benj. Wood; treasurer, John Schofleld. 185.3. Trustees Alvah Darrow, Jonathan Frazee, William Green 2d; clerk, Benj. Wood; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1854. Trustees, E. R. Harper, Jonathan Frazee, John Foltz; clerk' J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1855. Trastefes, James Miller, E. M. Gleeson, Ezra Brewster; clerk, J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1866. Trustees, James Miller, E. M. Gleeson, Ezra Brewster, clerk, J. K, Brainard ; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1857. Trustees. Watson E. Thompson, John Foltz, Elihu HoUister; clerk, J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1858. Trustees, Watson E. Thompson, John Foltz, Elihu HoUister; clerk, J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1859. Trustees, Wm. H. Perry, Wm. Green 8d, Albert Comstock; clerk. J. K. Brainard; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1860. Trustees, Wm. H. Perry, Edward Hynton, Albert Comstock; clerk, G. B. Pierce; treasurer. I. L Gleeson. 1861. Trustees, Edward Heinton, Elihu HoUister, Jacob Lotz; clerk, J. K. Brainard treasurer. I. L. Gleeson. 1863. Trustees, Edward Heinton, Seneca Watkins, Milo N. Hathaway ; clerk, Wm. B. Munson; treasurer, I. L. Gleeson. 1863. Trustees, Edward Heinton Horace Hungerford, John Froilich; clerk, E. R. Harper; treasurer, I. L. Gleason. 1864. Trustees, H. C. Currier, Jobn Swartz, L. D. Hathaway; clerk, Wm. B. Munson ; treasurer, Geo. W. Green. 1865. Trustees, A. Alexander, E. HoUister, Horace Hungerford ; clerk, O. P. McMillan; treasurer, E. R. Harper. 1866. Trustees, A. Alexander, Edward Heinton, Seneca Watkins; clerk. O. P. McMiUan; treasurer, B. R. Harper. 1867. Trustees, William Green, Edward Heinton, Seneca Watkins; clerk, C. H. Bushnell ; treasurer, E. R. Harper. 1868. Trustees, J. Frazee, Edward Heinton, Wm. Buskirk; clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer, E. R. Harper. , 1869. Trustees, John B. McMillan, Edward Heinton, George Gabilla; clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer, John Bender. 1870. Trustees, John B. McMillan, Clark Towner, George Gabilla; clerk, C. H. Buihnell; treasurer, .John Bender. 1871. Trustees, John B. McMilLm, T. P. Gjwday, John Packard; clerk, D. S. Green; treasurer, John Bender. 1872. Trustees, George Cochran, B. D. Schrain, John Packard; clerk, Frank Brown; treasurer, C. Hrown. 1873. Trustees, E. R. Harper, C. J. Green, Levi Summers; clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer, C Brown. 1874. Trustees, Geo. W. Green, D. L. PhiUips, George Summers; clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer, C. Hannum. 1875. Trustees, John B. .McMillan, F. Litzler, James Watkins; clerk, Wm. B. Munson; treasurer, C. Hannum. 1876. Trustees, John B. McMillan, Max Buhl, John Giles; clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer, C. Hannum. 1877. Trustees, D. FuUerton, J. A. Hathaway, H, France; clerk, J. B. Waltz; treasurer, George Lambacher. 1878. Trustees, D. FuUerton, T. Jt Gowday, H. France; clerk, C. H. Bushnell; treasurer, George Lambacher. 1879. Trustees, D. FuUerton, T. M. GowJay, H. France; clerk, D. Gindlesperger; treasurer, George Lambacher. The township owns a good hall, located in the pub- lic square, at the center, and maintains several fine places of burial. The largest of these — Maple Shade Cemetery — consists of four acres, on the State road, north of the center, and was purchased in September, 1865, of Sebastian Blessing. It contains a fine vault, and has been otherwise improved. Several of the religious denominations also maintain small but at- tractive places of sepulture. PUBLIC THOROUGHFARES. Several of the early State roads passed through the township from points farther south to Clevehmd, and considerable attention was paid to the improvement of these highways soon after their location. In 1834 Henry Wood, Manly Coburn, John I. Harper, William Moses, Abram Schermerhorn, Zephaniah Hathaway, William Van Noate, Nathaniel Wyatt, and J. M. L . INDEPENDENCE. 463 Brown were appointed road supervisors. The town- ship has had to pay a heavy bridge tax to keep in place the structures whicli span the Cuyahoga. At present these present a substantial appearance. In 1879 the levies for roads and bridges were one and one-third mills on the valuation of the township, and the su- pervisors were E. H. Koening, Michael Halpin, N. Burmaster, Joel Foote, Hugh Gowdy, George Lam- bacher, George Bushnell, J. Waltpr, H. Giles, A. Comstock, T. Frantz, C. Mehling, J. F. Miller, Wil- liam Fulton, C. H. Bushnell, and F. Beebe. The Ohio canal was located through the township in 1825, William H. Price being the resident engineer. Two years later it was opened for travel. It is on the east side of the Cuyahoga, and has in the township a length of about seven miles, with four locks, num- bered from thirty-seven to forty inclusive. On the opposite side of the river, and following a course nearly parallel with the canal, is the line of the Valley Railroad, now being constructed. Work was begun in 1873, but various causes have prevented its completion until the present year, before the end of which it is expected that the last rail will be laid. These avenues give or will give the township easy communication with the rest of the world, and the best of shipping facilities. MANUFACTUEING INTBKESTS. The township did not have any early gristmills nor factories. On Hemlock creek sawmills were erected by Eing & McArthur, and Clark & Land. On the site of the mill owned by the latter firm there is now a steam sawmill which is operated by J. G. Wing. It has a run of stone for grinding feed, and is also sup- plied with a machine for threshing grain. About 1835, Finney & Farnsworth constructed a dam across the river at William H. Kniipp's, and for several years a sawmill was operated there quite ex- tensively. Below that point M. Shermiin put up a sawmill and machinery for turning and polishing sandstone. The sawmill is yet operated by John Geisendorf. On the site of the acid works, Harry Wood had a steam gristmill, which was destroyed by fire; and near there the Palmer Brothers had a steam sawmill, which is still carried on. In the southeast- ern portion of the township A. Alexander erected a good gristmill. Which is yet operated by him, and is the only gristmill in the township. Cabinet organs were made in the northern part of Independence until 1876 by the Palmer Brothers. The building is now occupied for the manufacture of "Currier's Section Sharpener," a very simple con- trivance for sharpening mowing-machine knives without removing them. The material used is Inde- pendence sandstone, which, it is claimed, will not become coated with gum on being used for sharpen- ing purposes. The firm also manufacture oil stones. THE CLETBLAND ACID WORKS. This important establishment was put in operation in 1867 by W. R. Anderson, for the purpose of restor- ing to available form the sulphuric acid existing in the refuse matter of oil refineries. Since 1873 R. H. Emerson has been the proprietor of the works, which have been superintended by J. C. Burmaster. The establishment embraces a number of large and well- arranged buildings; it is capable of producing six thousand carboys of acid per month, and it employs about thirty men. The spent acid is brought to the works by canal when navigation permits. The re- storing process requires the use of two thousand tons of coke and about double that amount of coal annual- ly. Among the peculiar features of the place are one hundred and sixty glass retorts, holding fifty gallons each, and five storage tanks, the united capac- ity of which is six thousand barrels. THE QUAKRIES. Aside from the agricultural pursuits which engage a majority of the people of the township, the chief industry of Independence is the quarrying of stone. West of the river the surface is underlaid by a ledge of superior sandstone, the composition of which is so fine that it makes the very best of grindstones. To quarry and manufacture these gives occupation to hundreds of men and constitutes a business of more than $400,000 per year. Most of the products are shipped by canal, but a considerable quantity are drawn by team direct to Cleveland. THE KINZER QUARRY. This is on the county road, two and a half miles west from the center, and was opened in 1848 by Joseph Kinzer. He at first got out but a few grind- stones, which were cut into shape by hand. He in- creased his business, however, from year to year until he had a good-sized gang of men at work. In 1867 Joseph Kinzer, Jr., succeeded to the business, and the following year employed machinery for turning his grindstones tlie motive power being steam. The lathe was first operated on the Darrow place, but has lately been removed to near the Kinzer quarry. From four hundred to one thousand tons of grind- stones are produced in addition to large quantities of building and flagging stones. THE HURST QUARRIES. These were opened in 1847 by the owner of the land, Hiram Pratt. In 1860 he sold to James F. Clark, who associated with him Baxter Clough. The latter operated the quarry until 1873, when it became the property of J. R. Hurst, of Cleveland, the present proprietor. The grindstones were first prepared by hand, but in 1866 a lathe operated by steam power was provided, which has since been used to turn stones weighing from three hundred pounds to four tons. The quarry is supplied with two derricks, and gives employment to forty men. At. a point farther east, near the same road, Mr. Clough opened another quarry in 1867, which also became the property of Mr. Hurst, and at present 464 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. gives work to thirty men, who are employed chiefly ill quarrying building-stones. North of the center, stone was quarried as early as 1840 by M. Sherman, Erastus Eldridge and others. Mr. Eldridge operated the quarry quite extensively, building a horse rail- road to transport the products to the canal. Here were procured the pillars of the Weddell House in Cleveland. Other opei-ators in those quarries were A. Rothermail, Joseph Blessing, J. Merkel and Harry James. The latter erected a good turning lathe at the canal, and also built a wharf for loading canal boats. These and the quarry at the center have been leased by Mr. Hurst, and are now operated in con- nection with his other interests in the township under the superintendence of Marx Buhl. West of the village are the quarries of the Wilson & Hughes Stone Company, employing a large gang of men, and operated since 1860; of Thomas Smith and of Ephraim West, each being worked by a gang of men. East of the center are quarries at present worked by J. Smeadley and Joseph Wiudlespecht; and southeast are the T. G. Clewell blue stone quar- ries, from which stones of superior quality for flag- ging purposes have been procured. A mill has been erected to saw the stone in any desired shape, and lately a lathe for turning grindstone has been added. Many other quarries are worked more or less, but the foregoing sufficiently indicate the importance and ex- tent of the business. lUDEPENDBNCE VILLAGE. This place, sometimes called the Center, is the only village in the township. It is situated on the State road about equi-distant from the north and south bounds of the township. It has a beautiful location on an elevated plateau which slopes gently southward toward Hemlock creek. In the early settlement of this part of the township, the proprietor, L. Strong, set aside a tract of land for a public square and vil- lage purposes, but the place made a slow growth, and never assumed much importance as a business point. At present it presents a somewhat scattered appear- ance, and is composed mainly of the humble homes of those who find occupation outside of the village. It contains a Roman Catholic, a Presbyterian and an Evangelical church, a fine school-house, the town-hall and several hundred inhabitants. The Independence post office was established on the east side of the river, at the house of Nathan P. Fletcher, who was the first postmaster. Until about thirty years ago, when it was permanently established at the village, the office was kept in difiercnt parts of the township at the residences of the postmasters. Those, after Mr. Fletcher, have been William H. Knapp, Nathaniel Stafford, John Needham, B. F. Sharp, J. K. Brainard, George Green and Calvin Hannum. The latter has been postmaster since 186.5. The office is on the route from Cleveland to Copley, and has a tri-weekly mail. At the acid works a post office has lately been established by the name of Willow. John L. Kingsbury is the postmaster, and the mail facilities are the same as at Independence. Several gentlemen by the name of Day followed the practice of medicine in the township many years ago for a short period, bnt Dr. William B. Munson was the first to establish a permanent practice. He is yet a resident of the village, but has retired from active duty. The present practitioner is Dr. S. 0. Morgan. Doctors Charles Holhs and E. M. Gleeson were phy- sicians in the township for short periods, but did not establish themselves permanently in their profession. Before 1830 a tavern was kept on the canal by a man named Kleckner, in a house built by Philemon Baldwin, and farther up the river was "Mother Par- ker's tavern," which enjoyed a wide reputation. About 1836, Peter P. Crumb opened a public house north of the center, which he kept many years. Sub- sequent landlords were Hartmiller and George Sommers. The latter now occupies the place as a private residence. At the center a tavern was opened in 1853 by Job Pratt, who was followed successively by Hollis, Gunn, Eaton, Alger, Probeck and Wolf, the latter being the present landlord. I. L. and Edward M. Gleeson were among the first to engage in the mercantile business in the township, selling goods at the twelve-mile lock. Other persons in trade there were Merrill, Butter, Oyler and Ben- der. Soon after the Crumb tavern was opened, Benjamin Wood sold goods at the stand now occupied by Joseph Urmetz, but Horace Ball opened the first regular store at the center. His successors at that stand have been J. K. Brainard, George Green, Jo- sephus Brown, Charles Green and Charles Memple, who is now in trade there. Epaphroditus Wells had a store a few years oppo- site the tavern, and near by another store was opened byJacob and Samuel Poltz and I. L. Gleeson. These parties were followed by Currier & Watkins, who had a shoe store. The stand is at present occupied by Calvin Hannum. About eight years ago P. Kingsley opened another store, which is now kept by C. H. Bushnell. The township has half a dozen shops in which the , common mechanical trades are carried on. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The first schools in Independence were established east of the river. In 1830 there were four districts. In 1850 the condition of the schools was as follows: Distl-ict. No. 1. . . . Youth of School Age. 66 Total Tax for Scl $37 50 " S.... 61 66 33 " 3.,.. 50 " 4.... 52 34 39 " 5.... 69 39 21 " 6.... 76 " 7.... 63 35 05 " 9.... 46 49 28 •• 10.... 4.... 8 67 37 70 [■actional No 4 3 63 .. (t 74 4S88 .( '■ 2B. , 25 16.52 611 $1.37.73 In 1879 there were three hundred and seventy-three males and three hundred and twenty-three females of INDEPENDENCE. 46§ school age, of which number one hundred and seventy- six were between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one years. The tuition fund amounts to 13,343.35. Nearly all the districts have been provided with good school houses; the one at the center being two stories high. In this a school for the more advanced pupils of the township has been miintained every winter since 1870. The board of education in 1879 was as follows: B. D. Schramm, of district No. 9, chairman; D. Gindlespsrger, clerk; No. 1, Prank Gleeson; No. 3, A. J. Parrar; No. 3, J. Hathaway; No. 4, Prank Fosdick; No. 5, George Lambacher; No. 6, John Giles; No. 7, Harry Rose, and No. 8, H. Paubel. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. It is said that the first religious meeting in the township was held October 1, 1836, by the Rev. Mr. Freeman, a Baptist from Cleveland. In February, 1837, a Baptist congregation was organized, which flourished a short time, but soon became extinct. About the same period a class of Methodists was formed which also failed to maintain its organization beyond a few years. Its meetings were held at the houses of those friendly to that denomination; but a common place of worship was soon after provided in a log school-house at the center in which the different ministers visiting the township preached. The Congregationalists were the first to organize a church which had any permanency, and which is at present known as THE PRESBYTERIAN' CHURCH IN INDBPENDElfCE. The organizei's were the Revs. Israel Shailer and Chester Chapin, of the Missionary Association of Connecticut. On the 34th of June, 1837, they united in church fellowship William F. Bushnell and his wife Betsey; James and Mary Miller; Betsey Brew- ster; Jane and Elizabeth Bushnell — seven in all. William P. Bushnell was elected deacon, and James Miller, clerk. The meetings were first held in the log school- house, at Miller's corners, and then in the town hall. On the 17th of October, 1854, a society to attend to the temporal affairs of the church was formed, which had as its first trustees, Wm. F. Bushnell, Joseph Cunningham and Benj. Wood; as treasurer, James Miller; as clerk, B. Wells. The society was dis- banded in October, 1873. Under its direction, in 1855, the present meeting-house was built at the cen- ter. It is an attractive edifice of the excellent sand- stone found so plentifully in the township, and has a fiue location on the west side of the public square. The cost was $3,594.79; the finances being managed by the pastor, the Rev. B. F. Sharp. On the 5th of February, 1863, the church became Presbyterian in form, and has since continued in that faith. Calvin Hannum, Wm. F. Bushnell and Daniel W. Abbott were elected ruling elders; and the former and J. G. Wing at present serve in that capacity. B9 The deacons are Joseph Miller and D. S. Green; the clerk of the sessions is Calvin Hannum. The organizers of the church served two years as supplies. In 1845 the Rev. Mr. McReynolds served the church. Some time before 1854 the Rev. B. F. Sharp came as a supply, and that year became pastor of the church, remaining until 1859. During his service the membership increased from seven to thirty- five. There has been no pastor since, but the pulpit has been supplied by Rev. Messrs. Morse, Van Vleek, Bushnell, Jenkins, Edwards, Chapin, Farwell, Cone, Pettinger, and the present Rev. Bowman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, who preaches alter- nately here and in the Evangelical Chui'ch at this place. The church has had an aggregate membership of one hundred and eighty-five, but at present bears the names of only thirty persons on its register. A flour- ishing Sunday school is maintained, of which J. G. Wing is the superintendent. Mainly through the efforts of the Rev. T. G. Clew- ell a very neat brick church was erected at the cen- ter, sometime about 1860, for the use of the EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION OF INDEPENDENCE, and on the 7th of January, 1863, was duly organized the first board of trustees, composed of George W. Green, George Merkle, Francis Pillet, Henry Wentz and Mathew Bramley. Services have since been statedly held in the English and German languages by the Rev. Messrs. Clewell, Hahn, Humber, Breit, Bernhart, Mott, Duderer, Hasenpflug, Horn, Orwig, Seib, Hammer and other clergymen who came from Cleveland for the purpose. The membership at present is small in consequence of removals. The trustees are Messrs. Crane, Windlespect, Sommers, Bramley and Newland. Jacob Schmidt is the super- intendent of a flourishing Sunday school. ST. John's evangelical Lutheran church. (unaltered acgsburo confessionJ A short time after 1850, a number of persons living in the northeastern part of the township, who at- tended the services of the Lutheran church in Cleve- land, took measures. to establish a place of worship at home. Accordingly, on the 14th of October, 1854, a small framed meeting house was consecrated for this purpose, by pastor Schwan, of Cleveland. In this the services of the newly organized body were regularly held until July 6, 1879, when a very fine edifice, erected on the opposite side of the street, took its place. This house is thirty-eight by seventy-five feet, and has a tower and steeple one hundred feet high. The church has an exceedingly handsome appearance and cost about six thousand dollars. The present trustees are J. H. D reman, C. P. Scherler and Fred. Ehlert. The church has fifty members who engage in business meetings, and numbers two hundred and twelve coraraunicants. The elders are J. H. Tonsing, J. H. Meilaender and Fred. Borgeis. 466 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. The congregation has had the pastoral services of ' the following clergymen: Prom 1854 till 1859, Kev. John Strieter; 1859 till 1877, Eev. Ch. Sallman; and since December, 1877, Eev. Otto Kolbe. The first of these pastors also taught the parish school, but since 1871 Augustus Schefft has been employed as a teacher. The school is taught in the old meeting-house and is attended by ninety pupils who receive instruction in both the English and German languages. Eeligious teaching forms part of the daily course, and the school is maintained independent of any aid from the State or county. ST. Michael's church (eoman catholic.) In 1853 a small but neat house of worship for Eo- man Catholics was erected northwest of the center of the township, which was used until the growing con- gregation demanded a more capacious house. An efEort was made to provide one better adapted for its wants, and in 1870 the present edifice was begun, but the work was slowly carried on. The building com- mittee was composed of George Gable, Joseph Urmetz, Peter Wild, Albert Dobler, Anthon Eckeufelt and Joseph Effinger. In December, 1873, a storm caused the walls of the unfinished building to fall; but the following year they were again raised and the build- ing began to be used in the summer of 1875. It was consecrated December 5, 1875, by the Eight Eeverend Father Gregory and Bishop Fitzgerald. The building committee at this time consisted of Charles Mehling, Fred. Bockhold, Frank Jermann and Jeremiah Hayes. The church is thirty feet by seventy, is built of brick, and cost eight thousand dollars. The present lay trustees are Charles Mehling and Casper Funk. The society has a cemetery at the old stone chapel. The church has about one hundred and seventy-five communicants who are under the spiritual tutelage of Father Fidelius, of the Franciscan Convent at Cleve- land. Among other clergymen who have served there have been Fathers Bierbaurn, Zungbeel, Boden and Eainerious, nearly all coming from the convent. The church has had no resident priest. A school is main- tained which has been taught by John Jermann and Matilda Blessing. CHAPTEE LXXVII. MAYFIELD. The First Settlers— Unexpected Visitors— Clearing Land— The First Marriage— James Covert— Extraordinary Vigor- No Roads— Bears fond of Veal and Porlc— A Lover of Cream Killed— Covert's Adven- ture with a Bear— Other Settlers— First Church— Cowardly Wolves- Formation of Mayfleld Township— First Officers- Notes from the Town Book— Slaughter of Sixty-three Rattlesnakes— First Sawmill- First Gristmill— Halsey Gates— Outbreak of Mormonism— Long-stand- ing Debts— Frederick Willson— Ezra Eddy— Jeniah Jones— Dr. Dille— New Hotels— Willson and McDowell's Mills— Rapid Improvement^Dr Moon— Dr. Charles— First Church Edifice- Mayfield Academy— Plank Koad— Post Ofaces— The Free Methodist Churches- Church of the United Brethren— Disciiile Church— Principal Township Officers. In the year 1805 Abner Johnson, Samuel Johnson and David Smith came with their families from On- tario county. New York, and made the first settlement in the present township of Mayfield, then known as survey-township number eight in range ten of the Western Eeserve. They located themselves on the west side of Chagrin river, a little above the site of Willson's Mills, built their cabins, and began opera- tions. In the spring of 1806 the members of the little settlement were agreeably surprised to see three of their old neighbors in Ontario county, make their ap- pearance, with packs on their backs, guns on their shoulders, and dogs by their sides. The oldest of these was Daniel S. Judd, a large, fleshy man, already sixty-five years of age, who had fought in the old French and Indian war forty-five years before, and also in the Eevolution, and was likewise renowned as a mighty hunter. With him were his two sons. Free- man and Thomas Judd. The three had started for Portage county, where they designed settling, but having lost their way, they had accidentally come upon their old neighbors whom tliey had not seen during the previous year. They were so well pleased with the fine bottom-lands on the Chagrin river that they determined to look no farther, but immediately began a settlement on the west side, a little above where the Johnsons and Smith had located. That summer all were busy chopping timber, burn- ing off land, planting a little corn between the logs, and performing numerous other duties incident to the beginning of a settlement. The next fall or winter the Judds went East, and obtained their fami- lies and personal property. They had returned but a short time when the first wedding was celebrated in the township — in the last part of 1806 or the first part of 1807 — the parties being John Howton and Polly Judd, and the services being performed by Esquire Turner, of Chagrin. In the spring of 1807 James Covert, the son-in-law of D. S. Judd, came into the township from Seneca county. New York, and located himself in the Chagrin valley, below the site of Willson's Mills, where he has ever since resided. He was already twenty-six years of age, and had a wife and child. As was the case with most of the new settlers his worldly wealth was very limited, consisting of three dollars in money, an axe and a dog, After putting up a shanty, he went on foot to Painesville, a city then consisting of three or four log cabins, and bought a peck of poor salt for a dollar, carrying it home on his back. With the re- maining two dollars he bought two pigs. He also purchased a two-year old heifer on credit from Judd, and thus he began life in Mayfield. He is certainly a remarkable example of what can be accomplished by sheer industry and attention to business, though in truth those qualities must needs be accompanied by extraordinary vital powers to accomplish such results as Mr. Covert has brought about. When the writer visited him in the autumn of 1878, he was, although ninety-seven years old, in the full possession of all his mental powers and all his physi- MAYFIELD. 467 cal senses except his hearing, and was at work attend- ing to his stock. Always a farmer, he has made himself the owner of over a thousand acres of land, hesides large amounts of other property, has long been noted as the richest man in the township, and has in the meantime been the father of twenty-three children, twenty-two of whom he raised to be men and women. The writer has had a good deal of ex- perience among industrious and vigorous old pioneers, but Mr. Covert's is certainly the most remarkable ex- ample of them all. Two of the families mentioned at the beginning of the chapter, those of Samuel Johnson and David Smith, had left the township before Mr. Covert came, and their place was taken by that of John Jackson. The first birth in the township was that of a child born in the latter part of 1807, to John and Polly Howton, whose marriage has been mentioned above. For several years there were few newcomers except small strangers of this description. The scattered settlers kept busily at work, and soon made consider- able cleai-ings around their respective, cabins. They were, however, vei-y much isolated. There were no roads laid out in township eight, and for several years its inhabitants had to work their road tax on the lake shore road in the township of Chagrin, now Willough- by in Lake county. Fortunately the county was healthy; there being very little even of fever and ague compared with what is customary in new countries. But there were many annoyances. Wlien the cows had calves in the woods the bears would sometimes kill and eat them. They were equally destructive to the hogs, but Mr. Covert relates that when he was able to keep a large number of the latter animals they would join together, fight with the bears and drive them off. So impadent were these ursine depredators that they would sometimes come up to the very doors of the settlers' cabins in search of food. One morning Mrs. Judd put her cream in the churn, ready for churning, set it out on a temporary porch and went about hei* work. On going out after awhile she found the churn upset and the cream all licked up. A number of bear's tracks around the place disclosed the cause of the robbery. Wlieu James Jackson, who was boarding at Judd's, came in at night and learned of the affair he determ- ined to watch for the marauder. Accordingly, after dark, he placed a pail of sour milk on the porch and took his stand, rifle in hand, in the house opposite an open window that looked out on the "bait." After everything was quiet and when the watcher was be- ginning to get drowsy, he was suddenly aroused to intense wakefulness by hearing something lapping at the milk. Taking aim at the noise, for it was perfect- ly dark,' he pulled the trigger. A light was brought and a big, fat, short-legged bear was found dead be- side the pail of milk, with a bullet lodged in his brain. The wolves were still more obnoxious. After Mr. Covert had been there a few years, he bought two old sheep and two lambs in Chester, Geanga county, pay- ing $^.50 per head for the four; brought them home and turned them into his field. The next morning he went out and found that the wolves had killed both the lambs and were then making their breakfast off from them. After that he yarded his sheep at night and watched them a little by day, and soon succeeded in raising a fine flock. Mr. Covert, notwithstanding his assiduity as a farmer, was also a good deal of a hunter, and so was James Jackson, above referred to. One day the two got in close pursuit of a large bear which Jackson had wounded. The animal in going down a bank stum- bled and fell into a hole, where he lay on his back with his feet sticking up. Covert crept down to re- connoitre, but got so near that the bear caught his foot in his mouth and bit through boot, foot and all. He hung on, too, and with his paws mutilated Co- vert's leg terribly. The latter got hold of a sapling and pulled both himself and his enemy out of the hole, when the dogs attacked the bear. The latter then let go his hold and the hunters soon dispatched him. Mr. Covert was confined to the house for sev- eral weeks by his wounds. Among the settlers who came several years after those already mentioned were P. K. Wilson, Benja- min Wilson, Luke Covert, Benjamin Carpenter and Solomon Moore. The early settlers were largely Methodists, and as soon as 1809 they formed a class of that denomination under the charge of the Eev. Mr. Davidson, who is said to have been an eloquent and successful preacher. For many years their meet- ings were held in private houses and in the woods, as there was not even- a log school-house for them to as- semble in. The first death in the township was that of Daniel S. Judd, the veteran of two great wars, who died of apoplexy in 1810. As has been said, the lack of roads was a great an- noyance. Mr. Covert states that he has often taken a bushel of corn on his back and gone to Chagrin (now Willoughby) to mill, attended on his return home by packs of howling wolves, not far away on either side. But these animals rarely attacked a man, even in the night. Once, however, Mr. Covert thought he stood a good chance of becoming wolf bait. He had been reaping for a man who lived sev- eral miles down the river, in the present township of Willoughby, and was returning home after dark. Two miles from home, as he was following a sled path, (carrying his shoes in his hand that he might the better feel the path with his naked feet in the Egyptian darkness), he was startled by an angry growl, and saw the fierce eyes of three or four wolves o-laring at him, not more than six feet away. It was seldom that a wolf approached so near, and the young man thought his time had come. He felt in the darkness for a tree, which he might ascend, and in doing so got hold of a couple of sticks. These he threw with all his might at the heads of his enemies, who shrank back, howling, into the forest. Reas- sured by finding that they were as cowardly as the 468 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. rest of their species, lie pursued his way, aud reached home in safety, although accompanied nearly all the way, a short distance on one side, by his howlingfoes. The war of 1813 stopped even what little progress there was before that time, and it was not until 1816 that a school-house was erected in the township. It was a log building, situated on the land formerly owned by Anthony Sherman. It was used for some years as school-house, church and town-ball. A few more settlers came after the war, among whom was Seth Mapes, who came in 1815 and remained until 1827, when he removed to Oi'ange. In 1819 a new township was formed, by the name of Mayfield, the first town meeting being held on the 14th day of June, in that year. There were only twenty voters present, and of these thirteen were elected to fill the various offices. The meeting organized by choosing Daniel S. Judd, Daniel Richardson and Adam Overoker as judges of election, and John Jackson as clerk. The following- officers were elected: Trustees, Adam Overoker, Seth Mapes, Daniel Smith; clerk, John Jackson; overseers of the poor, James Covert, Philo Judd; fence viewers, John Gloge, Michael Overocker; con- stables, Ephraim Graves, Rufus Mapes; lister, Henry Francisco; appraiser, Calvin Mapes; treasurer, Ben- jamin Carpenter, Jr.; justice of the peace, Michael Overoker. The following is also a part of the town- ship record for that year, which was sent to the His- torical Society some twenty years ago: "Received of the township of Chagrin, Nov. 10th, three dollars and eighty-eight cents, being our proportion of the money in the treasury at the time of division. Amount of tax levied in 1818, $76.00; amount paid by Mayfield, 6.80; remaining in the treasury of Chagrin at the time of division, 143.05; proportion belonging to Mayfield, $3.88. Paid by John Jackson, three dollars and eighty-eight cents to the trustees of Mayfield, money drawn from the treasury of Chagrin and expended between them and the township clerk as a compensation for their ser- vices during the year one thousand eight hundred and nineteen." The increase of population was still slow, though two or three new men came in every year. The bears and wolves slowly receded, but rattlesnakes in large numbers infested the land, especially among the rocks and hills. One of the most remarkable adven- tures with snakes, of which we have ever heard, was related to us by Dr. A. L. Dille, on the authority of Mr. Solomon Mapes, a reliable citizen, who, about 1825, killed sixty-three rattlesnakes, the denizens of a single hollow log. Having discovered what sort of inhabitants were within, he armed himself with a stout stick, gave the log a rousing rap, and then slew the rattlers one after the other as they glided out of the open end. The first sawmill was built by Abner Johnson and Seth Mapes in 1824, a little north of Mayfield Center. The next year Mr. Johnson alone built the first grist- mill in the township on a branch of the Chagrin river, near the site of Willson's Mills. In 1826 Mr. Halsey Gates came to the locality which has since borne his name (Gates' Mills), bring- ing with him the gearing of a sawmill and began the work of erecting one at that point. The next year the sawmill was completed, and the year follow- ing a gristmill was erected by Mr. Gates at the same place. Lyndon Jenks was another of the early set- tlers in the southeast part of the township. About 1828 there was an extraordinary outbreak of Mormonism in this township. Mormon preachers, priests and prophets seem to have made this a special stamping-ground. Quite a number of the inhabi- tants were converted to that faith, and some of them appeared perfectly crazy in their enthusiasm. Sev- eral families were broken up by the fanatical Mor- monism of some of their members. Besides the resi- dent converts, a good many Mormons seem to have come in from the outside and "squatted" in the western and central parts of the township, which were as yet very thinly settled, so that there would sometimes be several families living on a single farm. After two or three years of excitement they all packed up and moved away, about 1831, to join some larger colony of their brethren. Mr. Samuel Dean, who still resides at Gates' Mills, came thither in 1829. Nearly all the lots had been purchased on credit from the original owners. The clearings were generally small aud the houses of log, though there w^ere a few frames. Some claims had been held on " articles " (or agreements to convey on payment) twenty-five to thirty years; the articles being renewed every few years. If the owner could get the interest he thought he was doing well, and sometimes he was unable to get enough to pay the taxes. But after this pei'iod, and especially after the Mormons left, a much more enterprising class came in, bought up the old improvements, paid for their lands in a reasonable time, and speedily changed the appearance of the township. For five years after 1830 emigration was quite rapid. In that year a Frederick Wilson came into the township and settled at what is now known as Willson's Mills. Eltean Wait and Daniel McDowell built the first store in the township (near Willson's Mills) in 1830. In 1831 it passed into the hands of Willson and McDowell, who kept it five or six years. In 1831 Colonel Ezra Eddy settled in Mayfield and put in operation a tanning and currying establish- ment near Gates' Mills, which he carried on for many years, becoming one of the most prominent citizens of the township. The first framed school-house in the township was built at Mayfield Center in 1830. It took' the place of the old log one before mentioned as school-house, church and town-hall; elections being held in it down to 1848. In 1831 Jeniah Jones settled near the center. He describes the hill part of Mayfield as being still almost a wilderness. There was not a building on the State road, and Mr. Jones, soon after this arrival, helped x^;^^::s^;i;N-c^>^ COL. EZRA EDDY. Col. Ezra Eddy was born in Randolph, Orange Co., Vt., Aug. 17, 1805. He was the youngest in the family of seven children of James and Sarah (Newton) Eddy, none of whom are now living. His father having died when Ezra was about ten years of age, he was apprenticed to a Mr. Blodgett to learn the tanner's trade. He remained with him till 1826, when he went to Lodi, Seneca Co., N. Y., where he followed his trade for one year. Oct. 18, 1827, he was married to Sally Ann, daughter of Gideon Keyt, of Lodi, N. Y. She was born Sept. 10, 1810. By this union he had seven children, viz. : Edwin W., born June 9, 1832; died Feb, 5, 1835. Sarah Jane, born May 23, 1836 ; died May 28, 1836. William A., born in July, 1837. Albert C, born Aug. 28, 1840 ; died Jan. 29, 1841. Constantine, born July 11, 1842. Harriet M., born Nov. 11, 1845. Sanford, born Oct. 12, 1848. After his marriage he removed to Mayfield, Cuya- hoga Co., where he engaged in the tannery business, in which he continued till 1861, after which time he engaged in farming till his death, which occurred Aug. 3, 1870. Col. Eddy was a well-known resident of the county, and was conspicuous as one of the pioneers of May- field township, where he raised a respectable family, and by severe industry and strict economy left a handsome competence. Mr. Eddy was perhaps better known throughout the county than almost any man outside of the city of Cleveland as an independent farmer and intelligent citizen. In the olden time, when militia musters were an- nual holidays, he was colonel of the regiment east of the Cuyahoga River, which position he filled with ability as long as the old military organizations lasted. For six years he was a commissioner of the county, and as such was respected for his ability, integrity, and faithfulness. As an honest and zealous politician he was always present at the conventions of the old Whig party, and later of the Republican party, in the county, and was one of the men who gave character to those organizations. As a neighbor, a husband, and a father, his char- acter and that of his family are sufficient testimony of his value in all such relations of life. Long may his beloved widow enjoy the esteem of her friends and the affection of her children. MAYFIELD. 469 to open that road from the center westward. Of those who were on the hill before 1830, few if any remain besides Rufus Mapes. Joseph Leuty came in 1830. Elijah Sorter, with his sons, Charles, Isaac and Harry, came in December, 1831. S. Wheeling, Lucas Lindsley and others also came in 1831, and set- tled a mile and a half south of the center. In 1833 Erwin Doolittle put in operation a carding machine and cloth-dressing establishment a short dis- tance north of Willson's Mills, on the same stream on which Abner Johnson's mill was located. The first physician in the township was Dr. A. L. Dille, who came thither from Euclid in 1834, settled at Willson's Mills, and has ever since resided there. Down to 1834 the inhabitants had to go to Wil- loughby for their mail-matter. In that year a mail route was established from Chardon, Geauga county, to Cleveland, through Gates' Mills, and a post office was located at the latter place. Willson & McDowell built a hotel .at Willson's Mills in 1833, which they kept for several years, and about the same time, perhaps a little earlier, Hiram Falk opened one at Gates' Mills. In 1834 Halsey Gates put up a fine framed hotel at Gates' Mills with a ball-room in it, which was the center of many a joyous gathering. About 1833 or '34 Willson & Mc- Dowell built a flouring-mill and sawmill near the site of their store and tavern. The mills were burned in 1839, but were soon rebuilt. General Willson remain- ing a part or entire owner until they passed into the hands of his son, who now owns them. Hence the name of Willson's Mills has always been a strictly cor- rect appellation. By this time all the land in the township had been purchased, and a large part of it cleared ofE. The deer had given way before the axes and rifles of the pioneers, though a few wei-e still to be seen bounding through the remaining belts of forest. Only once after Dr. Dille came, in 1834, did he hear the howling of a wolf. Mayfield was rapidly changing from a wilderness to a civilized township. About 1849 Dr. T. M. Moon began practice at Gates' Mills and Dr. Alexander Charles at Mayfield Center. The latter remained at the center until the outbreak of the Mexican war, when he received a commission as a surgeon of volunteei's, went to Mex- ico and died while on duty there. The first church edifice in the township was built by the Methodists in 1842, at Mayfield Center. By 1850 the work of clearing up the township was substantially accomplished, the deer had all fallen before the rifles of their foes, or had followed the wolves into banishment, framed houses had generally taken the place of log ones, and Mayfield had as- sumed very near the appaarance which it now pre- sents. In March, 1856, a few enterprising individuals pro- cured a charter as the Mayfield Academy association, and proceeded to erect an academy on the State road in the southwest portion of the township. The insti- tution was maintained for many years in a flourishing condition. Mayfield took her full share in the war for the Union, and the names of her gallant sons who fought in that contest will be found with the stories of their respective regiments. In 1877 a plank road was built from a point in Bast Cleveland near the line of the city of Cleveland, through Euclid and Mayfield to the top of the hill half a mile oast of Gates' Mills; about three and a half miles of it being in Mayfield. There are now three post offices in the township at the three villages before mentioned. Gates' Mills, Will- son's Mills and Mayfield Center; the first of which has about twenty houses and the others a smaller number. Besides these there are at Gates' Mills a gristmill, a sawmill, a rake factory, a store and two churches; at Willson's Mills, a gristmill, a sawmill, a church; at Mayfield Center, a church, a store, a town hall and a steam sawmill. There are also two cheese factories in the township; one on the State road, a mile east of Gates' Mills, and one half way between Gates' and Willson's Mills. THE METHODIST CHUECHES. The Mayfield circuit contains three churches, one at Mayfield Center, one at Gates' Mills, and one on the east line of the township. As has been said a Methodist class was organized as early as 1809. Oc- casional preaching was held in the township, but owing to the sparsity of the inhabitants no great pro- gress was made for many years. In 1835 there was a very earnest revival and a church was fully organized. Rev. Mr. Graham was one of the first preachers; also Rev. Messrs. Excell and Mix. In 1843 the Meth- odists built, as before stated, the first church edifice in the township, at Mayfield Center. They have since replaced this by a larger one, and in 1853 erected o\:e at Gates' Mills. There are now about a hundred mem- bers of the church at the Center, twenty-four of the one at Gates' Mills, and thirty-five of the one on East Hill. The following pastors have preached on this circuit since 1861: B. J. Kennedy, 1863, '63 and '64; E. C. Latimer, 1865 and '66; A. M. Brown, 1867; G. J. Bliss, 1868; E. C. Latimer, Hiram Kellogg, 1870; D. Rowland, 1871; J. B. Goodrich, 1873 and '73; D. Meizener, 1874; J. K. ShafEer, 1875; James Shields, 1877 and '78. CHURCH OF THE UNITED BRETHKEN. This church was organized at Willson's Mills in 1870, and a neat framed edifice was erected the same year. There are now about thirty members. THE DISCIPLE CHURCH. In 1871 the Disciples at and around Gates' Mills purchased the school-house at that point and con- verted it into a church-edifice, and have since used it for that purpose. Their numbers are about the same as those of the United Brethren. 470 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICEES. [Unfortunately the township books previous to 1849 cannot be found- We give a list of the principal ones from that time to the present, ex- cept justices of the peace, which cannot be obtained from the township records.] 1849. Trustees, Truman Gates, L. P. Shuart, Luther Battles; clerk, Jeniah Jones; treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, Welman Brainard. 1850. Trustees, Lyndon .lenks, T. Gates, Rufus Mapes; clerk, Jeniah Jones; treasurer, Chas. N. Sorter: assessor, W. Brainard. 1851. Trustees, E. A. Johnson, H. S. Mapes, Osbeit Arnold; cleik, J. Jones; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, W. Brainard. 1858. Trustees, Harmon Jacobs, Daniel Shepherd; clerk, W. ! rainard; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, E. D. Battles. 1863. Trustees, N. C. Sebins, Harry Sorter, David Hoege; clerk, W. Brainard; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1854. Trustees, J. A. Dodd. H. Jacobs, J. Bennett; clerk, J. Jones; treasurer, H. C. Eggleston. 1835. Tiustees, Leonard Straight, Luther Battles, H. S. Mapes; clerk, Jeniah Jones; treasurer. Diamond Wakeman; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1856. Trustees, C. N. Sorter, H. S. Mapes, Harmon Jacobs; clerk, L. Straight; treasurer, D. Wakejnan; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1857. Trustees. C. Russell, Wm. Apthorp, J. B. Sorter; clerk, Leonard Straight; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1858. Trustees, Alva Hansoom, Luther Battles, J. Sherman; clerk L. Straight; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1859. Trustees, Alva Hansconi, L. Battles, J. Sherman; clerk, L. Straight; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1860. Trustees, A. H mscom, L. Battles, H. Sorter; clerk, L. Straight; treasurer, C. N. Sorter. 1861. Trustees, H. S. Mapes, H. Webster, C. B. Russell; clerk, L. Straight; treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, H. G. Eggleston. 186a. Trustees, Gordon Abbey, Nelson Wilson, A. Granger; clerk, L. Straight; treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, H. C. Eggleston. 1863. Trustees, N. Wilson, L. Jenks, N. D. Seldon; clerk, L. Straight; treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, A. Walworth. 1864. Trustees, E. D. Battles, H. Jacobs, Cornelius Hoege; clerk, L. Straight; treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1865. Trustees, E. D. Battles, N. Wilson. John Aikens; clerk, J. A. Cutler; treasurer. L. Straight; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1866. Trustees, E. D. Battles, N. Wilson, T. Gates; clerk, J. A. Cutler; treasurer, D. Wakeman; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1867. Trustees. N. Wilson, 0. N. Sorter, T. Gates; clerk, Wm. Miner; treasurer, Harry Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1868. Trustees, Ezra Eddy, John Aikens, Leonard Straight; clerk, Tracy E. Smith; treasurer, Harry Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1869. Trustees, L. Straight, J. Aikens, E. D. Battles; clerk, T. E. Smith; treasurer, C. N. Sorter; assessor, L. M. Gates. 1870. Trustees, N. Wilson, Milo Rudd, George Covert; clerk, W. A. Miner; treasurer, H. f-'orter; assessor, John Aikens. 1871. Trustees, H. Jacobs, John Law, W. Apthorp; clerk, Wilbur F. Sorte ; treasurer, H. Sorter; assessor, W. Brainard. 1872. Trustees, L. Straight, Wm. Neville, Wm. A. Southwick; clerk, W. F. Sorter; treasuier, H. Sorter; assessor, W. Brainard. 1873. Trustees, Wm. A. Southwick, L. M. Gates, H. Sorter; clerk, W. F. Sorter; treasurer. J. T. Battles; assessor, W. Brainard, IS74. Trustees, W. A. Southwick, L. M. Gatea, Wm. Neville; clerk, W. F. Sorter; treasurer, J. T. Battles; assessor, W. Brainard. 1876. Trustees, L. M. Gates, L. Straight Ira Hoffman; clerk, W. F. Sorter; treasurer, H. Sorter; assessor, W. Brainard. 1876. Trustees, L. M. Gates, A. F. Williams, Ira Hoffman; clerk, W. F. Sorter; treasurer, A. Straight; assessor, W. Brainard. 1877. Trastees, Ira Hoffman, A. F. Williams, A. A. Jerome; clerk H. W. Russell; treasurer, J. T. Battles; assessor, W. Brainard. 1878. Trustees, Harmon Jacobs, Ira Hoffman, A. A. Jerome; clerk H. W. Russell; treasurer, L. M. Gates, Jr.; assessor, W. Brainard. 1879. Trustees, A. P. Aikens, A. A. Jerome, Henry Covert; clerk H. W. Russell; treasurer, A. Granger; assessor, W. Brainard. FREDERICK WILLSON. This well-kuowii citizen of Majfield was bom in the town of Phelps, Ontario county, New York, on the 4th day of January, 1807. He was the son of George and Esther Willson, the latter of whom is still living with the subject of this sketch, at the age of 'ninety-two years. He resided in Phelps (most of the time after childhood being spent in attending school or working on his father's farm) until the year 1830. In July of that year he came to Mayfield, where he has ever since made his home. The young pioneer located himself at the point now known as Willson's Mills, and soon formed a partner- ship with David McDowell in the mercantile and farming business. Meeting with Fuccess in these oc- cupations, the firm in 1833 built a gristmill and a sawmill at the point Just named. Meanwhile the subject of our sketch had taken an active part in military affairs. Having served as pri- vate, noii-commisioned officer, lieutenant and captain, in a regiment of light artillery. New York militia,, before leaving that State, he was, on the organization of Mayfield as a separate company-district in 1833, elected the first captain of the first company in that township. On the outbreak of the celebrated "Toledo war," when it was expected that active, and perhaps dangerous, service would be necessary in maintaining the rights of Ohio to that city and the surrounding territory. Captain Willson with his lieutenant and twelve men volunteered to take part in the contest. In 1834 he was elected major of the first regiment of infantry, second brigade, ninth division, Ohio militia; in 1835 was promoted to lieutenant-colonel, and in 1836 was chosen colonel. In 1838 Colonel Willson was elected brigadier-general, which position he re- signed about four years afterwards. On the 6th day of September, 1836, Gen. Willson was married to Miss Eliza Hauderson, of the adjoin- ing town of Orange, a lady who has shared with him the joys and sorrows of life down to the present time. In 1837 Gen. AVillson dissolved partnership with Mr. McDowell, taking the mill and farm as his share. Milling and farming have been his occupations since that time, and in both he has been extremely success- ful; being now the owner of about nine hundred acres of land. In April, 1840, his mills wore de- stroyed by fire, but were rebuilt with characteristic energy, being set running on the 7th of January, 1841. In 1875 they were transferred to the general's eldest son, Myron H. Willson, who still owns and operates them. Gen. Willson became a member of the Masonic order fifty-one years since, before leaving the State of New York. Ho has passed through all the degrees, from that of entered apprentice to the Scottish rites, and maintains a high standing among the brethren of the order. Though never a politician, yet in 1846 his neigh- bors elected him to the office of justice of the peace of Mayfield township, and re-elected him in 1849; the whole length of his service being six years. General and Mrs. Willson have raised a family of nine children, five sons and four daughters. Two of his sons enlisted early in the war for the Union, and both gave their lives in its defense. George A. Will- son enlisted in the First Infantry in the summer of 1861, at the age of nineteen, and was killed at the battle of Resaca, Georgia, May 14, 18G4. James P. Willson also enlisted in Battery B, First Light Ar- tillery, the same summer, at the age of seventeen, and died in service in June, 1862, having been brought home from Nashville three weeks before his decease. c 'dlA^^ MIDDLEBURa. 471 CHAPTER LXXVIII. MIDDLBBURG. Its Proprietor— Jared Hickox the First Settler— His Death— The Vaughns— Abram Fowls— The First Marriage— The War— A Fortress in Columbiar— Phvsical Characteristics of the Township— Religious Matters— Solomon Lovejoy— Township Organization— The First Rec- ord—Road Districts- First Full List of Officers- John Baldwin— Heads of Families in 1827— Circumstances Concerning Them— Counterfeiters in the Swamp— Beginning of the Grindstone Business— Invention of Machine to Make Grindstones— The First Tavern— First Temperance Society- H. O. Sheldon and James Gilruth— The Community— The Twelve Apostles— They Fail at Farming— Break-up of -the Community —Origin of " Berea"— First Post Office- Berea Lyceum— Lyceum Village— The Globe Factory— Wolves in 188&— The last Killed in 1843— Deer— Turkeys and Wild Cats— Baldwin Institute— The Railroad- Rapid Increase of Berea— An Ox-Railroad— Progress— The Onion Business— The Stone Quarries in Operation— A Grindstone Factory— Berea Stone Company— Baldwin Quarry Company- Russell & Forche —Empire Stone Company — J . McDermott & Co.— Principal Township Officers- Methodist Church — German Methodist Church— First Con- gregational Church— St. Mary's Church— St. Thomas' Church— St. Paul's Church— St. Adelbert's Church— Berea Lodge F. and A. M.— Berea Chapter F. and A. M.— Other Societies— Berea Village Corpora tion— Town Hall— Business Places, etc—Physicians— Street Railway —Union School— Board of Education — First National Bank — Savings and Loan Association. On the division of the western part of the Western Reserve in 1807, township number six in the fourteenth range, now known as Middleburg, fell to the share of Hon. Gideon Granger, then postmaster-general un- der President Jefferson. The first permanent white settler in the township was Jared Hickox, grandfather of Mrs. Roxana Fowls, who located in 1809 on what is now known as the Hepburn place, on the Bagley road, about half way between Berea village and the old turnpike. We say the first permanent settler, for it is believed by some that Abram Hickox, long a well-known resident of Cleveland, moved into Middleburg in response to an ofler of fifty acres of land to the first settler, made by Mr. Granger, and giving his name to the pond known as Lake Abram. According to the best information we can obtain from old settlers, however, Mr. Jared Hickox was the one who received the fifty acres, and Mr. Abram Hickox never lived in Middleburg. He was a relative of Jared Hickox, however, and the lat- ter may have named " Lake Abram" after him. The next year after making his settlement, Mr. Jared Hickox, who had already passed middle age, was returning from Cleveland to his home, when he died suddenly and alone upon the road — probably of heart disease. He left a large family, among whom were his sons Nathaniel, Jared, Eri and Azel, and his daughter, Rachel Ann, the mother of Mrs. Fowls, before mentioned. The next settlers were probably the Vaughns, who located themselves about 1810 on the banks of Rocky river, near where the village of Berea now stands. There was an old gentleman and three adult sons, Ephraim, Richard and Jonathan Vaughn. The lat- ter located where Berea depot now is. In the spring of 1811, Abram Fowls (father of Lewis A. Fowls and Mrs. Roxana Fowls) came through the woods on foot, with his younger brother John, and selected him a home near where the Hickox family was located. "Near," at this time, meant anywhere within two or three miles. At all events young Abram was near enough so that he soon made the intimate acquaintance and gained the favor of Miss Rachel Ann Hickox. Although he had arrived in Middleburg with only two dollars and a half in his pocket, he was ready to take the responsibilities of a family on his shoulders, and the two were accordingly married in 1812, this being the first wedding in thp township. The young couple were quite justified in their self-confidence, too, for before the death of Abram Fowls, which occurred in 1850, the two dol- lars and a half with which he had arrived in Middle- burg had grown into a handsome fortune, including five hundred acres of land and other property in pro- portion, besides which Mr. and Mrs. Fowls had reared a family of ten children. ^ Meanwhile Jonathan- Vaughn put up a sawmill on Rocky river, near the site of the depot, and Ephraim Vaughn erected a log gristmill farther up the stream and near the village. Silas Becket and his son Elias also settled in that vicinity. Those who have been named, with their families, were nearly or quite all the residents which township number six had before the war of 1812. That war came with most dapressing effect upon the few residents of Middleburg, for down to the time of Perry's victory on Lake Erie and Harrison's tri- umph in Canada, the people were in almost daily apprehension of an attack by Indians upon the almost helpless settlers. Soon after Hull's surrender a block- house was erected in Columbia (now in Lorain coun- ty, but then in Cuyahoga), where there was a rather larger population than in Middleburg, and whenever there seemed to be especial danger, all the able-bodied men were called out by Captain Hoadley, of Colum- bia, to defend the little fortress, while the women and children were offered a refuge in the same narrow quarters. Mr. Fowls took his family there for a week, but when he was called out a second time his wife re- mained at home with only his young brother to pro- tect her. All the otlier inhabitants in the township went to Columbia. The young wife was sadly fright- ened at times, but fortunately no Indians ai^peared. It was during such times as these that the first white child was born in the township of Middleburg — Lucy, oldest daughter of Abram and Rachel Ann Fowls, whose birth took place on the 32d day of May, 1813. Lucy Fowls married Nathan Gardner, and died in 1877. After Perry's victory there was little more fear of Indians, and in the forepart of 1815 the close of the war left the pathway again open to emigration. Before, however, we undertake to trace the subsequent course of events we will glance at the natural characteristics of township number six. Like the other townships of the Reserve it was five miles square. Entering it near the center of its southern boundary was the east branch of Rocky river, which followed a meandering course northward, receiving the west branch, and passing out into town- ship number seven (now Rockport). The river banks m THE TOWNSHIPS OP OtTYAHOGA COUNTY. plainly showed good reasons for the name which had been given to it; reasons which cropped out on either side along its whole course through the townsliip. Near the river the ground was generally broken, the soil being formed of mingled clay and gravel, and covered with the usual Ohio forest growth of beech, maple, elm, oak, etc. But to the eastward the sur- face soil was nearly level, somewhat wet, and com- posed of a clayey loam; while northeast of the center was a large swamp, densely occupied by hemlock, birches, etc., into which the wolves and panthers re- treated from the constantly increasing improvements of man. Of the pond which very early received the name of Lake Abram, we have spoken before. Its waters found their way, though very slowly, into Eocky river. Though the strong, clay soil of Middleburg, when drained and subdued, has proved as valuable as any in the county, yet at an early day its general dampness and stubbornness,, the presence of swamps, and the consequent fear of ague, caused many emigrants to press on to the more healthful hills of Strongsville or the more manageable lands of Columbia. So that, even after the close of the war in 1815, emigration to Middleburg was still slow. One of the first families to come, after the war, was that of Ephraim Meeker, who settled at the outlet of Lake Abram. Another was that of Thaddeus Lathrop, who came in 1816. His daughter, now Mrs. Susan Tuttle, of Albion, who was then nine years old, can recollect only the Vaughns, the Powles, the Hickoxes and the Meckel's, as being in the township when she went there, though probably there were the Beckets and a few more. The only road from Cleveland was a path designated by marked trees. Down to this time there had been no organized church or public worship. About 1816, however, a Methodist camp meeting near the Cujahoga river was attended by some Middleburg people who returned deeply impressed with the importance of religion. They began holding neighborbood meetings, where the attendants prayed, sang and exhorted among themselves, and at which quite a number were con- verted. Then Jacob Ward, a preacher from Bruns- wick, came and formed a Methodist society; being the first religious organization in the township. Q'Jie in- terest increased, the society was embraced in a Meth- odist circuit, and meetings were held every two weeks, generally on week-days, besides pi'siyer-meetings, etc., on the Sabbath. But is was many years before there was a resident minister and regular preaching on Sunday. Enoch G. Watrous and Silas Gardner, with their families, settled in 1817 or '18, on the river, near the Strongsville line. Paul Gardner came somewhat later. Wheeler Wellman came in 1818, settling south of Abram Powls'. The next year Mr. Wellman's father- in-law, Solomon Lovejoy, located himself near where his son's tavern now is. Among his children were Edwin, then seventeen, and Ammy, then twelve, the latter of whom now keeps the tavern referred to, and both of whom reside there. They mention the fam- ilies before referred to and there seem to have been very few others in the township. Notwithstanding the scarcity of inhabitants, how- ever, there was a township organization formed as early as 1830. Ephraim Vaughn had been a justice of the peace for several years previous, having been commissioned by the governor, and having presided at the organization of Strongsville in 1818. The only records of Middleburg are very defective; the first one preserved is dated June 39, 1830. It is signed bj Jared Hickox, township clerk, and notes the reception in May, 1819, of a commission as justice of the peace by William Vaughn, dated in Pebruary, 1819. It then included not only townshij) six in range fourteen, but also township six in range fifteen, now Olnistead. Another record of the same date (June 33, 1830,) states that Solomon S. Doty had duly qualified as constable for the ensuing year, and had given the necessary bail. In March, 1831, the trustees (names unknown) divided the two survey-townships of which the civil township of Middleburg was composed, into two highway districts each. The present Middleburg was divided so that all east of the highway "running from Strongsville to Eockport," should form one dis- trict, while that road and all west of it should compose the other. The road running from Strongsville to Eockport was evidently the main road running through the present Berea, along the east side of Eocky river. This road and the one which afterward became the turnpike, were all the highways of any consequence in the township, and these were just being cut out so as to be passable. In April, 1833, it was voted to divide the township into school-districts; the record being signed by Wheeler Wellman, clerk. The first full list of town- ship ofiBcers which can be found is that of those elected in April, 1833; viz: David Harrington, Abra- ham Fowls and Eichard Vaughn, trustees; Wheeler Wellman, township clerk; Jared Hickox and Ephraim Powls, overseers of the poor; Eli Wellman and Ephraim Powls, constables; Jared Hickox, lister; Ephraim Vaughn, appraiser; Silas Gardner, treasurer; Solomon Lovejoy, supervisor of first district; Whee- ler Wellman, supervisor of second district; Abram Powls, Owen Wellman and Silas Becket, fence viewers. Prom 1830 to 1837 there was but little immigration, but the number of adults was considerably increased by the growing up of those who came as youths and children, and there were plenty more children to take their places. Immigrants were repelled principallyby the wet soil, and the more pleasantly located settlers in township number five said that if Middleburg was not fastened on to Strongsville it would sink. Since that time a wonderful change has come over the pros- pects of this "sinking" township. Meanwhile the main road from Cleveland through the eastern part of the township was put in tolerable condition and a line of stages had been put on it. » JOHN BALDWIN. We present to our readers an excellent portrait of Mr. Bald- win, a representative of the self-made American, and a Christian whose life has been characterized by the. consecra- tion of all its efforts to the service of God. He was born in Branford, Conn., Oct. 13, 1799. His grandfather, who was a deacon of the Presbyterian Church and of Puritan descent, was a blacksmith, and worked at the anvil in New Haven, making axes and hoes with the father of Lyman Beecher. When the war of 1776 broke out he shouldered his gun and in the service won the rank of captain, by which title he was called to the day of his death. John Baldwin's mother was the only daughter of Edward Melay, of New Haven, who before the war of the Revolution was a wealthy merchant, and gave to his daughter as good an education as it was then believed daughters were capable of receiving. Young John's school privileges were of the humblest kind, as neither geography, grammar, nor arithmetic were allowed to be taught in his day. At an early age he began to take care of himself, and thus learned to properly value the fruits of industry. At the age of eighteen he became a member of the Methodist Church. By his own unaided efforts he gathered from books the rudiments of an education, attended school later, and then engaged in teaching, first in Fishkill, N. Y., afterwards in Maryland, and in Litchfield, Conn. After five years so spent, he married in 1828. The next spring he- moved to where Berea now is, and soon built the first frame house in the place, assisted in the first Sabbath-school, opened the first quarry, turned the first grindstone, laid out or helped to lay out the first building lot, and built the first seminary. At first his efforts were not successful financially, but the dis- covery of the value of the rock underlying Berea gave to him the means of retrieving his fallen fortunes. Consecrated edu- cation became his battle-cry, and to this object he has devoted himself for years. Mr. Baldwin has been a devoted friend of female educa- tion. He has always owed Yale College a grudge for not giving his mother equal privileges with his uncles. His theory is that fons and daughters should be trained side by side to pursue the studies and labors that should fit them alike for life's responsibilities, its usefulness, and its honors, and when the Baldwin Institute (since University) was opened it was eligible alike to sons and daughters. To this institu- tion he has given property worth at present one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. His devotion to the cause of educa- tion has extended beyond his own village to embrace wider fields and other races. His heart has become deeply interested in the educational wants of the South, and, with his charac- teristic generosity, he has become a liberal patron of the Thomson Biblical Institute. His own letter to Dr. Newman, of New Orleans, announcing what he has done, is character- istic : " I have bought for twenty thousand dollars the Darby plantation, of seventeen hundred acres (which has since been increased to four thousand acres), in St. Mary's Parish, La. There is a fine site of thirty or forty acres on the bank of the river, containing some fifteen or twenty buildings, which the brethren of the Mississippi Mission Conference can occupy for religious education as soon as they choose, provided no distinction is made on account of color or sex. When a cor- porate body is organized by said Conference I will deed the above-named site, and secure to said corporation enough capital to make twenty thousand dollars' worth." In personal appearance Mr. Baldwin is plain, in outward adornment, and in earlier times it was to him a matter of keen enjoyment to be mistaken for some unfortunate wan- derer. As is usually the case with persons who give largely, he has been the object of unsparing criticism and abuse, and it would be easy to find those (themselves not to be persuaded to give a dime to any good cause) who stand ready to charge upon him meanness unlimited. He will survive all such attacks. As a business man he is shrewd and far-seeing, judging wisely when to buy and when to sell ; and, while perfectly honorable in all his dealings, he must be shrewd indeed who gets any great advantage of him. To the poor and needy he is a kind and generous friend, one who bestows liberally to such cases of necessity as come to his knowledge. He is a great admirer of John Wesley. The sincere single- mindedness, the lofty, patriarchal faith, the active, self-deny- ing zeal in doing good, and the large-hearted benevolence for which the founder of Methodism was distinguished, has made a deep impression upon Mr. Baldwin's mind. Like him, he cherishes a deep love of truth, despises glory and fortune, or values them only as they are the means of doing good. He has resolved to make all he can by industry, to save all he can by strict economy, and give all he can in justice to himself and family. In accordance with this principle, he lives under a solemn vow to devote his all to God. When asked in what manner this is done, he replied, " By a resolu- tion I formed, based on the Bible as explained by Mr. Wesley, I determined to appropriate my entire income, aside from the necessaries of life for myself and family, to the cause of benevolence, a resolution which I have seen no reason to change." This last expression gives us the result of his ex- perience for fifteen or twenty years, in which light it becomes a beautiful illustration of the power of faith and goodness. MIDDLEBTJUG. 473 In 1837 Mr. John Baldwin, who has long been one of the best known citizens of the township, made bis first entrance into it. He pnrchased the old Vanghn farm and in May, 1828, he took possession of it. Mrs. Fowls mentions having seen him and his young wife at that time, stepping briskly along, past her father's residence; having come as far as they could by stage on the main road, whence they were making their way on foot to their new home, four or five miles distant. Mr. Baldwin has given the names of the heads of families residing in the township when he came; viz: Silas Gardner, Enoch G. Watrous, Benjamin Colby, Silas Becket, Elias Becket, Ephraim Vaughn, Richard Vaughn, Jonathan Vaughn, Eli Osborn, Zina Osborn, Charles Green, Aruna Phelps, Ephraim Meeker, Tracy, Nathan Gardner, Benjamin Tuttle, Abraham Fowls, David Fowls, Ephraim Fowls, Daniel Fair- child, Paul Gardner, Amos Gardner, Valentine Gard- ner, Abijah Bagley, and himself, John Baldwin^ twenty-six, all told. Mr. Baldwin has estimated the total population at a hundred, but there must have been more than that, unless Middleburg families were much smaller than pioneer families generally were. The only roads he considers worth mentioning in 1827 were the one up and down the river and the one from the corner of Columbia northeast to the old bridge on the site of the iron bridge at Berea, and thence easterly to the main road from Cleveland to Strongsville. A company had just begun making a turnpike of this last-named road. It was completed the next year, and used as a turnpike over thirty years. The other roads are described as being then only mud-paths, pai-tly cleared of timber, in which a sled or a mud-boat would get along better than a ve- hicle on wheels. Mr. Baldwin, in a manuscript on file in the records of the Historical Society, has also mentioned various circumstances connected with the residents before "named. Benjamin Colby, besides cultivating his farm, used to burn lime, which was found in small amounts in various parts of the township. When Mr. Baldwin built his house, four years later, he exchanged apples for lime with Colby, bushel for bushel. Silas and Elias Becket owned the farm (af- terward sold to Baldwin) which covered most of the quarries on the river. Aruna Phelps had a small house and shop a little south of the site of the Berea depot, where he made chairs and turned bed-posts. Abram Fowls, as Mr. Baldwin says, ''made money by attending to his business." Abijah Bagley occu- pied the first fifty acres settled by old Jared Hickox, as before mentioned. The Bagley road was named from him. The Vaughns had been obliged to give up their land, but had savfed their mills which they were running in 1827. About this time Ephraim Vaughn bought twenty acres covering the ground where the main part of Berea village now stands. This, too, was bought in 1836 by Mr. Baldwin. Eli Osborn had recently put up a small fulling 60 mill on the river near the site of the railroad bridge. He used to dress cloth, survey land, act as justice of the peace, conduct religious meetings and sometimes preach. Benjamin Tuttle had a small shop on Rocky river, near the mouth of the creek at Berea, in which he ground bark, tanned leather and made shoes. He soon sold to Valentine Gardner, who canned On the business successfully many years. Charles Green, who came in about this time, took uji a small piece of land, and also acted as pettifogger before the jus- tices of the day; being in fact the first legal practi- tionei', though in a very humble way, in Middleburg township. Daniel Fairehild had a dish-factory on the falls at Berea, and supplied all the people around with wooden dishes. The central, northern and northeastern parts of the township were still mostly inhabited by bears, wolves, wild cats, etc., their chief stronghold being the swamp before mentioned. But there was a cer- tain class of men who maintained a successful rivalry with these animals in the occupancy of the swamp. On a small island, or piece of firm ground, in the midst of the morass (as mentioned in the general his- tory) a band of counterfeiters had established a shop and supplied it with tools, and there for many years they manufactured large quantities of bogus silver, commonly called Podunk m oney. They do not seem to have been disturbed by the officers of the law, at least for a long time, but they finally abandoned the loca- tion, leaving their factory behind them, probably for fear of discovery on account of the constantly increas- ing number of inhabitants. Even before Mr. Baldwin's arrival — probably soon after Vaughn's log gristmill was built — his customers from Middleburg, Strongsville, Brunswick, etc., ob- served that the flat rocks about four inches thick, which lay in the bottom of the river, had all the qualities of first class grindstones. So they broke off pieces, carried them home with their grists, trimmed off the edges as best they could, punched a square hole through the centre of each with an old chisel, set up a rude frame and used them for grinding their axes, scythes, etc. It took time to get the edges smooth, but when that was done they had better grindstones than those brought at great expense from Nova Scotia. Soon after Mr. Baldwin occupied the Vaughn place in 1828, he began breaking up the rocks into suitable sizes, trimming and perforating them with mallet and chisel, and selling them in the neighboring townships. The business increased, and in the winter of 1832 Mr. Baldwin hired a couple of stone-cutters to cut grind- stones at the halves, he furnishing their board and the rough stone, and they contributing their labor. In the spring Mr. Baldwin bought the workmen's share, and soon after sold the whole to a trader from Canada. He shipped them by way* of Cleveland; this being the first Berea stone sent to either Cleve- land or Canada. Finding the business constantly increasing, Mr. 474 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Baldwin, the next year (1833), set his Yankee wits to work to invent some easier method of cutting the stone than that with mallet and chisel. Taking a piece of whitewood scantling to a lathe in the neighborhood, he shaped it to the right form for a pattern, and then walked with it on his shoulder one moonlight night to Cleveland, where he had a "mandrel " cast according to the whitewood pattern. This mandrel or shaft was taken back to Middleburg, where it was fastened to the end of a water-wheel, which was hung under a sawmill. A square hole was made in an incipient grindstone with a chisel, the stone was placed on the mandrel and fastened with a key, and the wheel set in motion. The end of an iron bar was then held against the edges and sides of the stone, a storm of sparks and a cloud of dust flew forth, and in a few moments a perfect grindstone was turned out. This was the first grindstone ever turned by machinery in this part of the country, and the invention was Mr. Baldwin's own, though possibly something of the kind may have been previously done in distant regions. So far as we can learn, however, this was the first instance anywhere in the world. For several years only a moderate, though steadily increasing, quantity of stones was turned out by the new process, but their fame gradually widened, and the foundation of a far larger business was laid. Of the subsequent development of that business we will speak farther on. In 1833 the first tavern was opened in the township, in the new framed house then built by Solomon Love- Joy, on the turnpike — the same which his son now employs for the like purpose. Another event of this period was the formation of the first temperance society in the township, and one of the first in northern Oliio, in 1832 or 1833. The use of whisky had previously been very prevalent in that region, and it was by no means entirely stopped thereafter, yet a temperance sentiment was then ini- tiated in the community, which has since, in spite of many adverse infiuences, done much to restrain the curse of drunkenness. Immigration was still slow, and the north part of the township still remained a wolf-haunted wilderness. Along and near the turnpike, however, there was con- siderable settlement — by Messrs. Pomeroy, Smith, Bassett, Pebles, the Fullers and others, who, with those who had already located in that vicinity, gave that part of the township quite a cultivated appear- ance. Very few came to the west jjart of the town- ship. Caleb Patterson who came to the vicinity of Berea with his father, Jonathan Patterson, in 1831, at the age of sixteen, describes the country as being almost entirely a wilderness at that period, in which the wolves howled nightly, close to the scattered farms of the settlers. Meaijwliile the great paper-money inflation of 1834, 1835 and 1836 caused what was called the "flush times," when all sorts of speculative scliemes were eagerly entered on by a sanguine public. Possibly this general excitement had something to do with the scheme about to be mentioned, though its salient features were religious and social rather than financial. In the autumn of 1836 Eev. Henry 0. Sheldon, a Methodist minister, and Mr. James Gilruth, came to reside in Middleburg on Eocky river. Mr. Sheldon was the first resident minister in the township. Al- though water power along the river had been utilized to a considerable extent, there was still notliing like a village there; there was no store and no physician in the township, and no hotel except the Lovejoy place over on the tunipike. Messrs. Sheldon and Gilruth were the principal agents in establishing a "community" on Eocky river near the site of the depot, the members of which intended to hold their property and transact all their business in common. About twenty families moved in that year (1836), and over a thousand acres of land were purchased of the Grangei-s. By the death of Hon. Gideon Granger, the ownership of the unsold lands of Middleburg had passed to Francis Granger, the celebrated New York politician (post- master-general under President Harrison), and the other heirs of the deceased. Some houses were bought, others were built, and the "community" speedily began its career; somewhat to the astonish- ment of the staid citizens of Middleburg. Only three resident families joined the association. Although the property of the society was owned in common, yet the residences and families of the members were entirely separate. Their business was directed by a board of twelve, known as the Apostles. They bought and repaired a sawmill and gristmill, put in crops the following spring, and for a brief time it seemed to some as if a new era had begun in modern civilization. The "community" was the more favorably regarded by the people at large as the members manifested none of the scepticism often manifested by social reformers. On the contrary they were zealous in the observance of their religious duties, and for the first time in Middleburg there was regular preaching every Sabbath. Nevertheless, the experiment was a very brief one. When it came to the active operations of 1837, it was found that farming under the direction of twelve apostles would not do at all. Difficulties occurred incessantly, much bitterness of feeling was manifested, and in the course of a few months the whole scheme was given up. Most of the families concerned in the experiment moved away, and the "community," which waste inaugurate a new era of Christian co-operation, passed out of existence, leaving scarcely a trace behind. During this season Messrs. Sheldon and Gilruth procured the establishment of a new post office. The former wanted it called Berea; the latter Tabor. So they threw up a half-dollar, (heads, Berea; tails, Tabor), and as Mr. Sheldon won, the first post office in the township received the name of Berea, which has since been extended not only to a thriving village MIDDLEBURG. 475 but to the "Berea stone," the fame of which has spread over half the continent. Mr. Sheldon was the first postmaster. After the failure of the "community," Messrs. Sheldon and Gilruth remained and established a high school, which they called "Berea Lyceum." In con- nection therewith a village was laid out which was originally called "Lyceum Village." It retained that name, at least on the plats (one of which is now in possession of Mr. Patterson) as late as 1841. There was a Lyceum Village stock company, in the name of which the enterprise was carried on, and which gave deeds of the lots. As, however, the post ofBoe was named Berea, which was a much more con- venient designation than Lyceum Village, the former appellation gained ground on the latter, and was gen- erally adopted by the people of the township as the name of the village. Alfred Holbrook was invited by Mr. Sheldon to take charge of the lyceum, and conducted it several years. It went down, however, before 1845. A somewhat peculiar institution — to be established almost in the woods — was the "globe-factory" of Josiah Holbrook. In it was manufactured all kinds of school apparatus, such as globes, cubes, cabinets for specimens, etc. Mr. Holbrook built up a large busi- ness, and at one time employed ten or twelve men. The factory remained until 1853. Turning to other quarters, we find that while "communities," lyceums, etc., attracted attention on the banks of Eocky river, there was still a flourishing community of wild cats, and a nightly lyceum of wolves, in the northern part of the township. As late as 1838, Mrs. Fowls mentions being awakened by the awful bleating of a pet calf only a short dis- tance from the house. Her father Avent out and fired his gun, when the bleating ceased. A lantern being lighted, the calf was found badly mangled by wolves, which had audaciously ventured into the immediate vicinity of a house in search of prey. It was about the same time that the last bear was killed in the township, according to Mr. S. A. Fowls, the slayer being a man named Doty, who lived on the turnpike. Wolves were occasionally seen still later, and m 1842 three large timber-wolves came into the Middleburg swamp from the west. They remained there and in the adjoining woods a year and a half, defying all attempts to destroy them, and killing many sheep for the neighboring farmers. At length, *- in 1843, young Lewis Fowls and Jerome Raymond undertook in earnest the Job of capturing them. The State and county together were then giving ten dollars for each wolf-scalp. The farmers also sub- scribed some twenty dollars more to encourage the destruction of these particular enemies. Fowls and Raymond penetrated into the accustomed haunts of the marauders, baited steel traps with tempting mor- sels of sheep and cow, and after various attempts, suc- ceeding in catching all three of them alive. They were promptly despatched, to the great joy of the neighborhood. These were the last wolves in the township, so far as known. Deer, however, were frequently seen until after the railroad was built, when they speedily disappeared. Wild turkies were also numerous and of great size. Young Fowls killed eighteen in one winter, weighing from fifteen to twenty pounds each. Wild cats were also numei'ous and "ugly," but the last one was killed in a small swamp on the Bagley road, about 1845 or a little later. Meanwhile, notwithstanding the various enterprises which have already been mentioned, from lyceums to grindstone factories there were but twelve families in Berea in 1845, and half of these, as Mr. Baldwin says, were talking about moving away. Dr. Henry Parker also says that there were then but about a dozen houses in the village. The village store was then owned by Mr. Case. HolbrooJc's school apparatus fac- tory was in operation, and two small woolen factories had also been established; one by James and Augustus Northrop and one by John Baldwin. At this time, the Berea lyceum having gone down, Mr. Baldwin who had been fortunate in his business operations, determined to establish, if possible, the cause of high and thorough education at Berea on a solid basis. There was then an institution under the auspices of the North Ohio Conference of the Methodist Church, at Norwalk, Huron county, which was painfully maintaining a feeble existence. Mr. Bald- win, as early as September, 1849, proposed that that establishment, at least so far as the patron- age of the church was concerned, should be trans- ferred to Berea, and offered to give fifty acres of land, including most of the grindstone quarries and an abundant water-power, for the support of the insti- tution. The offer was accepted, and a brick build- ing, thirty-six feet by seventy-two, was erected on the west, or rather southwest side of the river, during the summer of 1845. In June of that year Mr. Baldwin made a further gift of fifty lots, of a quarter acre each, with the requisite streets and alleys, for the benefit of the institution. A charter was ob- tained in December, 1845, the school being called the Baldwin Institute. It was opened on the 9th of April, 1846, with the Reverend H. Dwight, A. M., as principal, and having just a hundred students, sixty-one males and thirty-nine females. The school soon became a decided success, and peo- ple began to settle in Berea, in order to obtain the advantages of it. The change was not very great, however, for several years more. The surface devoted to farming was steadily but slowly increased, as peo- ple began to learn that there was a good basis to the .damp-looking soil of Middleburg, and that when properly treated it could be relied on to produce good crops. It was not until 1848, nearly forty years after the first settlement of the township, that a physician deemed it worth while to locate there. This was Dr. Alexander McBride, who began a pi-actice at Berea 476 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CFYAHOGA COUNTY, ^ in the year named and remained until his death, in 1876. At length, in 1849, the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Eailroad (which now has another city at- tached to its top-heavy title) was built through the township. After this there was a marked improve- ment, both in Berea village and the rest of Middle- burg. Even the deer took warniug from the shriek of the locomotive and tlie too numcious rifles of the settlers, and abandoned the ground they had so long maintained. Mr. L. A. Fowls, whose skill as a hunter causes him to be frequently mentioned in our sketch, says that he killed five deer the year after the construction of the railroad, which were the last that were heard of in the township. Since 1849 the increase of Berea has been rapid and permanent, and the township outside has also greatly improved. Soon after that time Mr. Baldwin built a railroad, on which to freight stone from his quarry, running along the main road from Berea to the rail- road about a mile distant, using the old-fashioned flat rail, over which he hauled cars loaded with stone by means of ox-teams. As business increased, and the track became crowded with cars, " pony'' engines were employed in place of oxen. Mr. Baldwin main- tained the road about ten years, when the railroad company built a new track, nearer the river, on which steam alone is used. Meanwhile the Berea grindstones had been intro- duced into New York City, and had been found equal or superior to those previously imported at great ex- pense. Meanwhile, too, Berea stone had begun to be largely employed for building purposes. As early as 1846 David E. Stearns had begun running a saw with which the huge blocks of stone could be cut into slabs of convenient size for use in architecture. The building stone business, like the grindstone business, increased immensely, and now Berea stone is used in enormous quantities in nearly all parts .of the United States, not only for solid walls, but for cornices, mouldings and similar architectural purposes. Some of the facts regarding this important business are given farther on. The situation and extent of the great mass of rock, of which tlie Berea stone is an outci'op, as well as the constituents of which it is formed, are shown in the chapter of the general his- tory devoted to geology. By the side of these material interests, the higher mental and moral welfare of the community was not neglected. In 1855 Baldwin Institute was transferred into Baldwin University, of which a full account is given on page two hundred and two in the general history of the county. At a later day the German Wallace College was establislied, which is described in the same cJiapter as the university. The temper- ance sentiment, which, as before stated, had been awakened as early as 1832, continued to increase, and even the presence of a large number of miners, work- ing in the quarries, has failed to overcome it. A clause has been put in most of the original deeds of lots in Berea, forbidding the sale of intoxicating liquors upon them, and very few if any places for the sale of such liquors have ever been allowed in the vil- lage. Undoubtedly considerable liquor has been sold and drank in underhanded ways, but it is believed that Berea will compare favorably in this respect with any other village of its size in the State. In the township at large the signs of material im- provement were everywhere seen. The log houses of the pioneers, many of which remained to a later date than in any other township in the county, gave place to neat framed buildings; the wet lands were drained, and ample crops rewarded the enterprise of the farmers. When the life of the nation was assailed the sons of Middleburg showed that material prosperity had not demoralized their courage nor benumbed their vigor. The names of the Middleburg soldiers will be found with the sketches of the regiments in which they served. Since the war the progress of the township has been equally marked, although of course the financial crisis of 1873 seriously decreased the demand for Berea stone. A peculiar industry of the last few years has been the raising of onions and other vegetables in the vicinity of Lake Abram. The "muck," of which the shores of that lake are composed, was found to be especially adapted to this kind of culture, and large tracts were thus employed. In 1876 the outlet was enlarged and a portion of the lake was drained, the ground thus obtained having since been devoted prin- cipally to the culture of onions. Immense quantities are raised; being shipped to Cleveland and numerous other cities of Ohio, and to the principal places along the lower Mississippi, including many large shipments to New Orleans. Of the " Eed AYethersfield " onions eight hundred bushels per acre are sometimes produced. Before giving the separate" sketches of churches, etc., with which our township histories usually close, we turn once more to the quarries and stone mills at Berea. Notwithstanding the financial depression of the last few years (frorn which, however, this indus- try, with others, is already recovering) there are few more lively scenes to be observed than that which en- livens \Aie banks of Rocky river. Hundreds of laborers aie at work, removing the earth and shale from above the sandstone, "trenching," or cutting a face against which to work, and "capping," which is channeling into the rock with picks. When the stone is thus cut into blocks weighing from one ton upwards, these are seized by mighty steam derricks, which lift their spectral arms amid the muddy desolation around, and are swung gently to a stone-mill or to a truck on one of the little railroads which wind in and out beside the river. Blocks of near a thousand tons have been moved a short distance by wedges. In the mill the block is placed on a frame when it is sliced up by a gang of saws very much as a big pine log is managed in a sawmill, though somewhat more slowly. But the "saws" are not like any others — being merely straight, thin pieces of steel, without teeth which work their way through the The gentleman whose name appears at the head of this sketch is descended from one of the old New England families. His grandfather, Benjamin, was a resident of Connecticut; was horn May 25, 1755, and was married June 27, 1778, his wife having heen born Sept. 9, 1755. They lived to a good old age, the former dying Feb. 22, 1823, the latter April 19, 1841. Henry Parker's father, Henry, was born at Wallingford, Conn., June 4, 1792, where he remained till 1815, when he emigrated West and settled in the town of Brunswick, Medina Co., Ohio. During the trip from Connecticut, which was accomplished by teams across the country, hebecame acquainted with his future wife, Miss Melinda Harvey, and on March 16 of the following year they were married, being the first white couple to wed in the town of Brunswick. She was born in Tyringham, Mass., April 9, 1796. Their family consisted of four children, the subject of our sketch being the youngest child and only son. He was born in Brunswick, April 28, 1824. His father, who was engaged in agricultural pursuits, died when Henry was only two years old. Some years after his mother was married to Abraham Conyne, of Strongs- ville, Cuyahoga Co., a miller by trade, and removed her family to that point in 1830. Dr. Parker's early life was passed in assisting his stepfather in his grist- and saw-mill, and he had therefore a poor oppor- tunity of receiving an education, which was limited to what could be procured at the common schools in the district. He remained in Strongsvillo till 1844, when he journeyed West and located at Laporte, Ind., where he followed the trade of painting. He remained there till the following year, when he removed to Berea, Ohio, and was employed in a woolen-mill at seven dollars and board per month. In 1846 he commenced the study of medicine, and was graduated from the American Medical College at Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1854. He has always practiced at Berea, but his business has extended into the five adjoining towns. He has been since 1871 a member of the Ohio State Eclectic Medical Association, and is the present president of that organization. In 1872 he became a member of the National Eclectic Association. He was married, Nov. 23, 1847, to Elizabeth, daughter of Sullivan and Aurilla Sherwood, of Eoyalston, Cuyahoga Co. Her parents were among the early settlers of that town, her father having driven the first ox-team into the township, where she was born Aug. IS, 1824. By this union he had four children, one of whom died in infancy ; the others are as follows : Henry E.; born Nov. 20, 1851, married, and a partner with his father in the practice of medicine; James M., born Oct. 13, 1853, at Attica, Seneca Co., Ohio; and Charles W., born Aug. 26, 1860, secretary and treasurer of the Berea Savings Loan Association, of which institution Dr. Parker was one of the original founders and incorporators, and of which he has been the president since its organization. A Republican in politics. Dr. Parker was formerly a Pree-Soiler, and between 1840 and 1843 was instrumental in helping many a runaway to Canada. He has never been an aspirant for political honors, but has represented his fellow-citizens at different times in the various village and township ofilces, and has performed his duties with satisfaction to his constitu- ency. During the year 1862, while the war of the Eebellion was in progress, he was appointed by Dr. J. S. Newberry, of Cleveland (who was general manager of the Western Sanitary Commission), and received a commission from Edwin M. Stanton, secretary of war, and Surg.-Gen. Hammond to perform the duties of camp and hospital inspector. In this capacity he served two years and a half, giving satisfaction to the general government and his fellow-soldiers. While in the service he was located in Western Virginia ; was with the army of the Cumberland, and with the 14th Army Corps, under Gen. Sherman. Dr. Parker, in allowing his portrait and biography to appear in this work, is simply showing to coming generations an example of what industry, energy, and perseverance can accomplish. He is emphatically a self- made man, and in his varied career as a citizen, neighbor, or physician merits the respect and honor of all. MIDDLEBTJRG. 477 stone by friction; their progress being facilitated by a plentiful application of water. But it is in the grindstone factories that a stranger sees the most interesting processes carried on. The method of operation has not been materially changed in principle since John Baldwin fastened his iron shaft to the old water-wheel forty-seven years ago, keyed a rough grindstone to the shaft, and then held a bar against its sides and edge; but the process has been much facilitated by practice. The mills are operated by steam, and the shafts whirl with lightning like rapidity. A stone is placed upon one of them, and in an instant is flying around at the rate of several hundred revolutions per minute. Two sturdy men stand beside it, with heavy iron bars, which they ap- ply to the revolving stone. Crash — crash — crash — a blaze shoots from every one of a thousand angles — the dust rolls out in clouds, but is quickly borne away by the patent "blower" which is one of the principal improvements lately adopted — crash — crash — the sparks grow finer as the stone becomes smoother — and at the end of from two to five minutes, according to size, the stone is flung from the shaft, finished. The blower in question was invented by John Baldwin, Jr., and has been of the greatest benefit to the laborers. Formerly many died of what was called " grindstone consumption;" their lungs being found, after death, to be filled with the fine, flour- like dust, with which the air was impregnated during the turning process. The disease has now disap- peared. We give below a list of the principal companies and firms engaged in the stone business at Berea, with some facts regarding them: THE BEREA STONE COMPANT. In February, 1871, the interests of Lyman Baker & Co., F. M. Stearns, W. R. Wood & Co., Geoige W. Whitney and C. W. Stearns were consolidated, and the persons named organized a joint-stock company to be known as the Berea Stone Company, with a cap- ital of 1500,000. Lyman Baker was chosen president and F. M. Stearns, vice president, secretary and trea- surer. F. M. Stearns is now the president and Lyman Baker the secretary and treasurer, and they, with Robert Wallace, George Nokes and C. W. Stearns, form, the board of directors. The company's quarries cover about forty acres, and give employment to one hundred men. Its productions include building-stone, grindstones scythe-stones, etc., etc, Tlie building stone is marketed from the Atlantic to the Missis- sippi, and even west of that stream. The grind- stones have a still wider market; three thousand tons of which are manufactured yearly, and shipped to all parts of the world. THE BALDW^ISr QUARRY COMPANY. This company was chartered in 1873, with a capital of $160,000. Its quarries occupy about ten acres, yielding building-stone, flagging, curbing, grind- stones, etc., and employing from forty to sixty men. John Baldwin, Jr., is the president, and J. Le Duke, secretary and treasurer, as they have been since the organization of the company. They, with James Dunn and J. B. Kramer, compose the board of di- rectors. Russell & Foeche succeeded in 1878 to the Dia- mond Quarry Company. They now work about four acres of quarries and employ fifteen men. They get out nothing but building-stone and flagging. Their quarries are claimed to have produced thirty thou- sand tons of stone in 1878. The Empire Stone Company, represented by the firm of Stearns & Wallace, began business in 1874. It has three acres of quarries and employs ten men. It ships about three hundred tons of grindstones yearly, and from forty to one hundred tons of build- ing-stone daily. J. McDermott & Co., whose operations at Berea date from 1853, became a chartered corporation in 1873, with a capital of $250,000. They employ one hundred and fifty men, their quarries cover from thirty to forty acres, and they ship daily four hun- dred tons of building-stone, grindstones, etc. They forward large quantities of building-stone to Canada, while their grindstones are sent to Europe, Australia and other foreign regions. The oflicers of the cor- poration are Wm. McDermott, president; E. C. Pope, secretary and treasurer; M. McDermott is the superintendent. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, so FAB AS THBT OAK BE OBTAINED FROM THE RECORDS. 1819. Justice of the peace, Ephraim Vaughn; township clerk, Jared Hiokox. 1822. Trustee, Amos Briggs; justice of the peace, Jared Hickox; ap- praiser, Hosea Bradford. 1823. Trustees, David Harrington, Abraham Fowls, Richard Vaughn; clerk, WTieeler Wellman; overseers of the poor, Jared Hickox, Ephraim Fowls; lister, Jared Hickox; appraiser, Ephraim Vaughn; treasuser, Silas Gardner. 1834. Trustees, D. Harrington, E. Vaughn, Thaddeus Ball; overseers of the poor, Benj. Colby, Silas Gardner; lister, J. Vaughn; appraiser, E. Fowls ; treasurer, A. Fowls. 1835. Ti-ustees, Buel Peck, Silas Becket, Ellas C. Frost; clerk, John Barnum ; overseers of the poor, Elliot Smith, A. Fowls ; lister and ap_ praiser, J. Vaughn; treasurer, Isaac Frost. 1826. Trustees, E. C. Frost, B. Peck, S. Becket; clerk, J. Barnum; overseers of the poor, Watrous Usher, Wheeler Wellman; treasurer, Isaac Frost; lister, Lewis Adams; appraiser, John Adams. ISB?. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Vaughn. Valentine Gardner; clerk, Benj. Tuttle; overseers of the poor, S. Gardner, S. Becket; treasurer, Amos Gardner; justice of the peace, Eli Osborn. 1828. Trustees, E. Fowls, S. Gardner, B. Vaughn; clerk, Eli Osborn; overseers of the poor Philo Fowls, Paul Gardner; treasurer, A. Gardner 1839. Trustees, V. Gardner, Benj. Colby, Sheldon Frary; overseers of the poor, S. Gardner, A. Fowls; treasurer, A. Gardner. 1830. Trustees, Solomon Lovejoy, A. Fowls, S. Becket; clerk, John Baldwin; overseers of the poor, S. Lovejoy, S. Becket. 1831. Trustees, E. Fowls, E. Vaughn, Patrick Humaston; clerk, Mcr- ritt Osborn; overseers of the poor, John Baldwin, Abijah Bagley ; treas- urer, S. Gardner. 1832. Trustees, Major Bassett, Merritt Osborn, A. V. Green; clerk, P. Humaston; overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, S. Becket; treasurer, Philo Fowls. 1833. Trustees, S. Lovejoy, E. Fowls, B. Colby; clerk, A. Gardner; overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, S. Gardner; treasurer, P. Gardner. 1834. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Vaughn, Chas. Green; clerk, Russell Gardner; overseers of the poor, D. Fowls, S. Gardner; treasurer, P. Gardner. 1835. Trustees, A. Fowls, Clark Qoss, Libbeus ;Pomeroy ; clerk, J Baldwin; overseers of the poor, S. Gardner, P. Gardner; treasurer, V. Gardner. 478 THE TOWjSTSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1836. Trustees, A. Fowls, C. Goss, J. Baldwin; clerk, J. Baldwin; overseers of the poor, P. Gardner, S. Gardner; treasurer, V. Gardner; justices, Benj. Colby, Jere. Fuller. 1837. Trustees, C. Goss, Enoch G. Watrous, Major Basselt; clerk, Chas. Bassett; overseers of the poor, S. Gardner. P. Gardner; school examiners, J. Baldwin, J. Fuller, Henry O. Sheldon; justice, Henry E. Ferris. 1&38. Ti-ustees, A. Fowls, Moses Cousins, L. Pomeroy; clerk, J. Ful- ler; overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, E. G. Watrous. 1839. Trustees, A. Fowls, M. Cousins, L. Pomeroy; clerk, C. Goss; overseers of the poor, M. Cousins. C. Goss, 1840. Trustees, M Cousins, Amasa B. Andrew^s, Jerome Raymond; clerk, George R. Whitney ; overseers of the poor, David Smith, Silas Becket; treasurer, Isaac Meacham. 1841. Trustees, M. Cousins, Justus Sheldon, Nelson Pomeroy; clerk, Philemon Barter; overseers of the poor, J. Sheldon, S. Gardner; treas- urer, L. Pomeroy; justice, P. Barber. 1843. Trustees, J. Sheldon, N. Pomeroy, John W. Fairchild; clerk P. Barber; overseers of the poor, E. G. Watrous, Jerome Raymond; treasurer, G. R. Whitney; assessor, Wm. Sheldon. 1848. Trustees, M. Cousins, J. Sheldon, M. Bassett; clerk, P. Barber; overseers of the poor, W. Sheldon, J. Fuller; treasurer, G. E. Whitney; assessor, Daniel Fairchild. * 1844. Trustees, A. Fowls, C. Goss, N. Pomeroy; clerk, Morris Hep- burn: overseers of the poor, J. Baldwin, S. Gardner; treasurer, David Goss; assessor, W. Sheldon. 1845. Trustees, M. Cousins, Lawson Brown, David Smith; clerk, J, McB. Lewis; overseers of the poor, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon; treasurer, D. Goss. 1846. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon. E. C. Coltier; clerk, S. H. Wool- sey; treasurer, J. Fuller; assessor, Bl. Hepburn. 1847. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon. E. C. Coltier; clerk and assessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller. 1848. Trustees, A. Fowls, J. Sheldon, J. Fuller; clerk and assessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller. 1849. Trustees, M. Cousins, Lawrence Freeman, David Gardner; clerk and assessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fuller. IfSO. Tru.ftees, M, Cousins, D. Gardner, Lewis A. Fowls; clerkandas- sessor, M. Hepburn ; treasurer, J. Fuller. 1851. Trustees, M. Cousins, D. Gardner, L. A. Fowls ; clerk and asses- sor, M. Hi'pburn; treasurer, J. Fuller. 1858. Trustees, M. Cousins, D, Gardner, L, A. Fowls; clerk and as- sessor, M. Hepburn; treasurer, J. Fullei'. 1853. Trustees, D. Gardner, J. Sheldon, A. Lovejoy; clerk and asses- sor, M. Hepburn ; treasurer, J. Fuller, 1*54, Trustees, J, Sheldon, A, Lovejoy, James Wallace; clerk, M. Hepburn ; treasurer, Jonathan Pickard ; assessor, L, A, Fowls. 1855. Trustees, J, Sheldon, A, Lovejoy, David Gardner; clerk, Har- mon P. Hepburn ; treasurer, J, Pickard ; assessor, E. F. Chester. 1856. Trustees, G. R. Whitney, C, C. Bennett, Solon W. Smith; clerk, John Watson; treasurer, Silas Clapp; assessor, Adna Warner. 1857. Trustees, G. R, Whitney, C, C, Bennett, S. W, Smith; clerk, John Watson; treasurer, Silas Clapp; assessor, Levi B, Warner, 1858. Trustees, S, W. Smith, Wm, Sutton, EH Dunsher; clerk, J, Watson; treasurer, S Clapp; assessor, L, B, Warner, 1859. Trustees, S. W. Smith, W. Sutton, Jas, S. Smedley; treasurer, S. Clapp; assessor, L, B, Warner, 18011. Trustees, S. W. Smith, Wm. Sutton, Wm. Newton; clerk, Geo. S, Clapp; treasurer, Silas Clapp; assessor, L, B, Warner, 1861, Trustees, S. W, Smith, W, Sutton, J. S. Smedley; clerk, Wm. B. Rogers; treasurer, Robt. Wallace; assessor, L. B, Warner, 1862. Trustees, L. A. Fowls, W. Sutton. J. S, Smedley; clerk. J. Watson; treasurer, R, Wallace; assessor, L, B, Warner, 1863. Trustees, L, A, Fowls, W, Sutton, J, S, Smedley; clerk, J, Watson; treasurer, S, Clapp; assessor, L, B, Warner, 1864, Trustees, J. Sheldon, Conrad Stumpf, Wm, Pritchard ■ clerk J. \Vatson; treasurer, Geo, Nokes; assessor, B. Wallace, 1865, Ti-nstees, J, Sheldon, W, Pritchard, C. C, Bennett; clerk A, S' Allen; treasurer, John S, Jliller; assessor, John Watson. 1866. Trustees, C. C. Bennett. -T. Quayle. E, B, Gardner; clerk. A, S. Allen; treas rer, John S, Miller; assessor, Geo, Nokes, 1867, Trustees, Henry Bevares, P, B, Gardner, Amos Fay; clerk. J. P, Mills; treasurer, J, S, Smedley; assessor. N, D, Meacham. 1868. Trustees, P. B. Gardner, Amos Fay, S. W. Perry; clerk J. P. Mills; treasurer, T. J. Quayle; assessor, N, D, Meacham. 1869, Ti-ustees, V, W, Perry, Wm, Engles, John McCroden; clerk, E. C, Martin; treasurer, T, J, Quayle; assessor, Geo, Nokes, 1870, Trustees, S, W PeriT, C, C, Bennett, Wm, Lum; clerk, E, C. Martin; treasurer, W. W, Noble; assessor, Geo Nokes; 1871. Trustees, S. W. Perry, C. C. Bennett, Wm. Lum; clerk, S. S. Canniff; treasurer, W. W, Noble; assessor, Geo. Nokes. 1872. Trustees, S. W. Perry. C, C. Bennett, Wm. Lum; clerk, John C. Nokes; treasurer, E, J, Kennedy; assessor, H, W, Jourdon, 1874, Trustees, Wni, Lum, E. Reublin, Wm, Huma ton; clerk, C, W. Moley; treasurer, T, C, Mattison; assessor, Geo, Nokes, 1875, Trustees, Wm, Lum, E, Reublin, Wm, Humaston; clerk, C, W, Moley; treasurer, T, C, Mattison; assessor,Geo. Nokes, 1876, Trustees, E, Reublin, Wm, Lum, J, C. Nokes; clerk, E. C. Mar- tin; treasurer, Joseph Nichols; assessor, Geo. Nokes. 1877. Trustees, E. Reublin, Wm. Lum, J. C. Nokes; clerk, E. 0. Mar- tin; treasurer, J. Nichols, assessor, Geo. Nokes. 1878. Trustees, John S. Miller, E. Reublin, J. C. Nokes: clerk, E. C. Martin; treasurer. E. Christian; assessor, Geo. Nokes, 1879, Trustees, William Lum, John W. Landphair, Abner Hunt; clerk, E. C. Martin; treasurer, E. Christian; assessor, George Nokes. METHODIST CHURCH OF BEREA. As already stated, there was a Methodist society formed at Berea, soon after the war of 1812, which was supplied by circuit preachers. The congregation was small, however, and no record remains. of its oft- changing pastors. Rev. Henry 0. Sheldon, ashasalso been mentioned, was the first resident minister; com- ing in 1836, and officiating more or less for several years. The first authentic record is thtU of 1846, when Rev. William C. Pierce was the pastor. The Berea station had previously been a part of Brooklyn circuit, but was now united with Olmstead and Hoad- ley's Mills: the whole becoming Berea circut. A substantial stone church was begun as early as 1856, but was not dedicated until the last of 1858. It is on the east side of Rocky river near the university. The following is a list of the pastors since 1846, with their years of service: Thomas Thompson, 1847-48; J. M. Morrow and U. Nichols. 1849; J. M. Morrow, 1850; Hiram Hum- phrey and A. Rumfield, 1851; Liberty Prentiss, 1852; C. B. Brandeberry, 1853; Charles Hartley, 1854; William B. Disbro and John Wheeler, 1855; William B. Disbro, 1856; George W. Breckenridge, 1857-58; T. J. Pope, 1859-60; D. D. T. Mattison and T. J. Gard, 1861; D. D. T. Mattison, 1863; Hugh L. Parish, 1863-64; E. H. Bush, 1865-66; S. Mower, first charge— W. 0. Pierce, college charge, 1867; S. Mower, first charge— A. Schuyler, college charge, 1868; S. Mower, first charge— W. C. Pieice, college charge, 1869; J. Graham, first chtirge- W. D. Godman, college charge, 1870; T. K. Dissette, first charge— W. D. Godman>, college charge, 1871; T. K. Dissette (for the whole), 1872-73; John S. Broadwell, 1874-75-76; J. W. Buxton, 1877-78-79. THE GERMAN METHODIST CHURCH. Nearly twenty-five years ago it was observed that there were a number of Germans at Berea, who could not well understand English, and who seemed to be as sheep without a shepherd. Presiding Elder Roth- weiler, of the German Methodist Church, was asked to send them a preacher, which he accordingly did. A little over twenty years ago a society was formed, and services were regularly held, though in temporary quarters. Since the erection of German Wallace College the services have always been held in the col- lege-chapel; the cliurch owning no real estate. Only in rare instances has it had a pastor who was not in some way connected with the college. Gener- ally one of the professors has officiated as the pastor. At present Rev. P. P. Schneider is the preacher in charge. The total number of full members is now '/^^^^t^ In 1835, William Knowlton, a physician and a native of Massachusetts, removed with his wife and children from New York to Ohio, locating first at Olmsted Falls, and subsequently in Brecksville, where he died in 1855. Of one of his sons, A. P., who was born in Mina, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., thissketch treats. Somewhat favored by circumstances beyond the common lot of the youth of his time, young Knowl- ton received the valuable benefits of a thorough edu- cational course at an academy of high repute, and following the bent of his inclination entered the Cleveland Medical College, where he was graduated in 1857. Earnest in his chosen calling, and zealous in urging his skill forward to a state of high de- velopment, he became widely known as a capable physician and surgeon, and pursuing his practice in various parts of the State, located eventually and permanently in Berea, where he now resides. To his duties as family physician he has frequently added his services in broader capacities, incidental to which it may be observed that he was at one period assistant physician at the Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, and has for some time been an active and honored member of the Cuyahoga Medical Society and of the Ohio State Medical Association. His political faith has always attached him to the Democracy, and on two occasions he has been put forward as the nominee of that party for the State Senate from his district, which being, however, over- whelmingly Kepublican, in both instances declared for his opponents. He was married Nov. 10, 1863, to Miss Augusta Snow, whom he lost by death Dec. 14, 1864. His second wife was Hannah H., daughter of Capt. C. P. Dryden, of Olmsted, whom he married' Jan. 16, 1868. Two children blessed his second union, — Con- stance A., born Aug. 30, 1872, and Louis G., born Jan. 30, 1876. During the war of the Eebellion Dr. Knowlton was connected with an army medical corps, and was attached to the Sixth Ohio Cavalry, but becoming seriously disabled by a sunstroke at the battle of Gettysburg, he was compelled to resign his place in the service. As a skillful member of his profession he enjoys deserved high repute not only at his own home, but in the county at large ; and especially in the science of surgery, to which he has devoted his particular care, he stands confessedly one of its best exponents in Cuyahoga. MIDDLEBTTEG, m one hundred and fifty-seven; a portion of them being individuals belonging to the college and orphan asy- lum. Services are held twice every Sunday, all in German. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF BEREA. This church was organized on the 9th day of June, 1855, the first members being Caleb and Myra Proc- tor, David and Isabella Wylin, John and Nancy Wat- son and Mary J. Crane. Ten more members were added in the following September. The first pastor was Rev. Stephen Cook. The first deacons were James S. Smedley and Caleb Proctor; the first trus- tees, James S. Smedley, James L. Crane, B. F. Cogs- well, Isaac Kneeland and Caleb Proctor. The same year a small brick house of worship was built on the lot occupied by the present church edifice, it being dedicated on the 6th of March, 1856. This was the first meeting-house completed in the township. The church grew but slowly, and when the troubles and depression incident to the great war for the Union came, it was obliged in November, 1862, to suspend its services. In September, 1868, the church was reorganized. It soon entered on a flourishing career, and increased rapidly in numbers and vigor. The present lai-ge and commodious edifice was dedicated in 1873. In the spring of 1873 there was a most fruitful revival, and no less than thirty-seven were added on the 27th day of April alone, under the ministrations of the Rev. Mr. Westervelt. The church still continues in a most flourishing condition. The following is a list of the pastors with their terms of service: Stephen Cook, 1855 and '56; E. P. Clisbee, 1856 and '57; Z. P. Disbro, 1860; E. P. Clisbee began April, 1861, closed November, 1862; L. Smith, from September, 1868, part of the time till January, 1870; H. C. Johnson, 1870, '71 and '72; G. F. Waters, 1873 and '73; Rev. Mr. Westervelt began early in 1873, served a few months; C. N. Gored, June, 1873, to August, 1875; J. S. Whitman, 1876; E. H. Votaw, 1877, '78 and '79. ST. mart's church (romak catholic). This church was formed in 1855. The first resi- dent priest was Father Louis J. Filiere. Although he officiated at Berea he resided at Olmstead Falls until 1866. A small framed house of worship was erected soon after the formation of the society on the same site as the present one. It 1866 it was removed and the present edifice was begun. It is a himdred feet long by forty-eight wide, built of dressed Berea stone, and costing about twenty thousand dollars. Father Filiere was succeeded in February, 1876, by Father John Hannan, and he in 1879 by Father T. J. Carroll, the present incumbent. The councilmen are Thomas Donovan, Joseph Buling and James Bar- rett. The congregation now numbei'S about one hundred and twenty families. ST. THOMAS' church (EPISCOPAL). St. Thomas' Church was originally organized at Berea on the 9th of October, 1864. P. Harley was the senior warden and T. McOroden the junior war- den. Rev. George B. Sturgis preached two years, but the number of Episcopalians at Berea was so small that in 1866 they were obliged to abandon the organ- ization. .In the autumn of 1873 St. Thomas' was reorgan- ized and consolidated with St. Philip's, formerly of Albion, and St. Luke's, of Columbia. The first offi- cers under the new organization -were George John- son, senior warden; Joseph Nichols, junior warden; William James, W. W. Goodwin, E. F. Benedict, M. McDermott, C. W. Stearns, Thomas Churchward and J. S. Ashley, vestrymen. A framed building was moved from the west to the east side of the river and fitted up as a church in 1873, and is still occu- pied as such; the congregation numbering about fifty members. The rectors have been as follows: R. R. Nash, a short time in 1873; A. V. Gorrell, 1873 to 1875; J. M. Hillyer, 1875 to 1879. The present officers are Joseph Nicholas, senior warden; E. P. Benedict, junior warden; M. McDermott, Wm. A. James, S. Goette, Wm. McCroden, B. Crawford. ST. PAUL'S CHURCH (GERMAN LUTHERAN). Religious meetings began to be held among the Germans in the north part of the township as early as 1866. On the 38th of July, 1867, a church was organized by Rev. G. H. Fuehr, called the Evangeli- cal Lutheran congregation of St. Paul. A framed church edifice had been built the same spring. There were then but fourteen members. Rev. Mr. Fuehr remained in charge of the church until 1875,_ when he was succeeded by Rev. F. Schmeltz, the present incumbent. There are now about seventy-five families belonging to the church, with nearly two hundred members over fourteen years of age. The trustees are M. Holtz- worth, F. Steller and L. Schultz. A school is con- nected with the church, which is taught by the pastor and numbers fifty scholars. There is also a Sabbath school of sixty or seventy scholars. ST. ADELBERTIS' CHURCH (POLISH CATHOLIC). This church was organized early in 1874 by Rev. Victor Zarecznyi, its present and only pastor. A large church building was erected the same year about half way between the main part of Berea vil- lage and the depot. It is eighty feet by forty-two and cost six thousand dollars. " The Sisters of Humility of Mary" teach a school in the church edifice, having from ninety to a hundred scholars. There are now about eighty families connected with the church. BEREA LODGE, NO. 382, P. AND A. M. This society was organized on the 30th day of Feb- ruary, 1867; the charter members being F. R. Van 480 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Tyue, 0. M. Barber, S. Y. Wadsworth, C. Vansise, G. B. Sturgess, D. S. Fracker, JM". D. Meacham, W. P. Gardner. F. R. Van Tyne was the first master; G. M. Barber the first senior warden, and S. Y. Wads- worth the first junior warden. The list of masters, witli their terms of service is as follows: F. E. Van Tyne, 1867 and '68; G. M. Barber, 1869; S. Y. Wads- worth, 1870 and '71: D. E. Watson, 1872; F. E. Van Tyne, 1873; W. W. Goodwin, 1874; W. A. Reed, 1875 and '76; Joseph Nichols, 1877 and '78; C. W. L. Miller, 1879. The jwesent number of members is sixty-three. BEEBA CHAPTER, NO. 134, B. A. M. The charter of this chapter was granted October 2, 1873; the charter members being F. E. Van Tyne, D. E. Watson, W. W. Noble, Edward Christian, W. L. Stearns, G. M. Barber, Robert W. Henry, Theo- dore M. Fowl, S. E. Meacham, H. D. Chapin, Aaron Schuyler, Samuel Hittel. F. R. Van Tyne was the first high priest; R. W. Henry, the first king; and W. L. Stearns the first scribe. The chapter now numbers thirty members, and meets in the room on the third floor of the " Brick Hall." OTHER SOCIETIES. The following are other societies situated at Berea: Rocky River Lodge, No. 336, I. 0. 0. F. ; C. B. Loomis, N. G., Fred Beebe, R. S. Berea Encampment, No. 153, I. 0. 0. F. ; B. W. Sabin, C. P.; D. E. Stearns, scribe. Sweet Home Division, Sons of Temperance; 0. H. Knapp, W. P., George N. Watson, R. S. A. 0. H., Division No. 3; T. S. Morissey, president; Martin Galvin, secretary. Grindstone Lodge, No. 334, A. 0. U. W. ; 0. W . •D. Miller, W. M. ; 0. H. Perry, recorder. BEREA VILLAGE CORPORATION. Berea was incorporated as a village, March 33, 1850. The first mayor was Hon. John Baldwin. We have not been able to find the earliest records. The num- ber of votes in 1858 was one hundred and forty; the number in 1878 was three hundred and twenty-seven — showing a probable population of about two thou- sand. Since 1857 the mayors of the village have been as follows: G. M. Barber, 1857 and '58; J. V. Baker, 1859; W. N. Watson, 1860 and '61; Joseph Jones, 1862; Silas Clapp, 1863; Jacob Rothweiler, 1864; James S. Smedley, 1865; John Baldwin, Jr., 1866: Alex. Mc Bride, 1867; S. S. Brown, 1868; Lyman Baker, 1869, '70 and '71 ; D. R. Watson, 1873 and '73; S. S. Brown, 1874 and '75; George Nokes, 1876 and '77; Joseph Nichols, 1878 and '79. BEREA TOWN HALL. Few villages of the size of Berea can boast of a more creditable building belonging to the public than this. It was erected in 1874, Jacob Smith being the superintendent. It is sixty feet long by forty wide, and is built of brick; the two sides on' the streets, however, being faced with stone in "ashlar" or rough form. It contains on the first floor a council- room, mayor's room, engine room, and three cells for prisoners; the second floor is occupied entirely by a very fine public hall. BUSINESS PLACES, SHOPS, ETC. The list of these in Berea now includes the follow- ing: Hotel, one; dry goods stores, five; hardware stores, two; grocery and provision stores, seven; drug- stores, three; harness shops, two; shoe shops, four; blacksmith shops, three; wagon shops, two; jeweler's shops, three; millinery shops, four; tin shop, one; merchant tailors, four; undertaker's shops, two: bar- ber's shops, two; saloons, six. PHYSICIANS. Henry Parker, A. P. Knowlton, A. S. Allen, F. M. Coates, N. E. Wright, William Clark and Lafay- ette Kirkpatrick. BEREA STREET RAILWAY. This work was begun in May, 1876, and completed in 1878. It runs from the depot to the central part of the village, is a mile and twenty rods long, and cost six thousand dollars. It is owned by a joint stock company, of which Joseph Nichols is the presi- dent, and C. A. Moley, the secretary and treasurer. BEREA UNION SCHOOL. Great attention has always been paid to education in this village. The old "Lyceum," the Baldwin Institute, the Baldwin University and German Wal- lace College are spoken of elsewhere. As early as 1851 or 1853, when graded schools and boards of education were extremely rare, outside of the large cities, a board of education and a Union school was established at Berea. James S. Smedley was the first teacher (that is, in the Union school), remaining three years, Subsequent principals in the old build- ing were Messrs. Goddard, Milton Baldwin, Israel Snyder, Bassett, Eastman, Goodrich, Kendall, Huck- ins, Pope and Hoadley. The present large and commodious brick school- building was erected in 1869. Subsequently Mr. B. B. Hall acted as principal for a year, and Mr. Millets for another year. In 1873 Mr. M. A. Sprague became principal and superintendent, and the school has ever since remained under his able management. There are now four hundred pupils enrolled, arranged in three grades — high-school, grammar and primary. There were about twenty scholars in the high-school grade, a little over a hundred in the grammar grade, and the remainder in the primary. The high-school teaches the higher English branches, the grammar grade the ordinary English studies, and the primary grade the elementary ones. NEWBURa. 481 BOARD OF EDUCATION. President, E. Christian; clerk, C. W. San burn; treasurer, A. H. Pomeroy; directors, T. C. Mattison, M. McDermott, B. G. Worcester; superintendent of public schools, M. A. Sprague. FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF BEREA. This institution was organized July 1, 1872, with a capital of $50,000. The first board of directors was composed of T. Churchward (president), Jacob Kuntz (vice president), Alanson Pomeroy, W. L.Stearns, and A. P. Hinman. H. C. Johnson was chosen cashier at the organization, and was succeeded in 1874 by A. Pomeroy, the present incumbent. The bank has now a deposit account of $30,000; a loan account of $45,000, and a circulation of $45,000. The directors are T. Churchward (president), W. C. Peirce (vice president), 0. D. Pomeroy, Anson Good- win and A. J. Campbell. BEREA SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION. Although organized on the 37th of November, 1874, this association did not begin business till the 13th of April, 1875. It has a capital stock of fifty thousaud dollars, of which twenty-five thousand is paid. • There is now between sixty and seventy thousand dollars of deposits, and about eight hundred depositors. The trustees are Henry Parker, presi- dent; Sydney Lawrence, vice-president; Wm. Lunn, V. C. Stone, C. C. Bennett, Jacob Bailey, P. M. Stearns. C. W. Parker is the secretary and treas- urer. CHAPTER LXXTX. NEWBUEa. The Present TownsUp— Early Settlement-Philip Brower— Marks, Ben- nett, Treat and Ross— A New Way of Breaking up a School— Eathbun —Civil Organization— Principal Township Officers- Schools — Manu- faotures-The Austin Powder Company— The California Powder Com- pany—The Newburg Fertilizer Company. Newburg township, one of the first to be settled in Northern Ohio, long included nearly the whole of sui-vey township number seven, in range twelve, of the Western Reserve, but the encroachments of the city of Cleveland have reduced it to very narrow limits. It is now exceedingly irregular in shape, somewhat resembling a carpenter's square in general form, and is bounded as follows: North by the city of Cleveland and the towuship of East Cleveland; south by the township of Independence; east by Warrensville, and west by Brooklyn. The Cuya- ahoga river flows along the western border, and Mill creek across the southern section— the latter stream occasionally providing good water power. The Ohio canal passes through the southern edge of the town- ship, following the course of the river, and the At- lantic and Great Western and the Cleveland and Pitts- burg railways run for a short distance across the south- eastern portion. 61 The present Newburg is a strictly agricultural region. The soil is fertile, and farming is profitable, especially near the city, where gardening occupies the labors of the people to a large degree. Pasturage is plentiful and excellent, and dairies are numerous. The largest, average from thirty to forty cows each, and Newburg does a flourishing business in supplying the city with milk. Building stone is quarried to some extent, but receives no marked attention as an article of shipment. Newburg, as now constituted, is simply a rural Set- tlement, with convenient access, however, to more populous regions. There are within its limits neither villages nor churches; but on the other hand, the citizens pride themselves on the fact that there is no place in the township where liquor is sold. The only public buildings are the town-hall and the school- houses. early SETTLEMENT. The earliest settlements of old Newburg were made • in that portion now known as the Eighteenth ward of Cleveland. But the pioneers of that tract having been mentioned in the history of Cleveland, this chap- ter will deal merely with the first settlements in what is now known as Newburg township. Philip Brower, who was among the early comers, journeyed in 1816 with his wife and seven children from New York State to Independence township. He lived there until his wife died — in 1830 — and then settled in Newburg, near the Independence line, where David L., his son, had purchased two hundred and seventy acres. Dav-id lived on the old place fifty-four years, and died in 1876, aged eighty-five. His widow still survives, residing with her son Perry in Cleveland. When Mr. Brower moved into Newburg he be- came a neighbor of Darius Warner, who came from New York in 1816 with five children, and took up the farm now occupied by James Walker, who mar- ried his granddaughter. Darius Warner's son, Spen- cer carried on the farm after his father's death, and on his own death, in 1861, left four children. Two of them, Mrs. James Walker and Lydia Warner, live in Newburg; Norman resides in Iowa, and John in California. In the spring of 1830, Nehemiah Marks, Wilson Bennett, Richard Treat and a Mr. Clark, all young men of Milford, Connecticut, set out in a one-horse wagon for Oliio, and, after a journey of thirty-three days, brought up in the township which is the sub- ject of this chapter. Treat and Clark went farther west, but Marks and Bennett tarried in Newburg, where- they had bought farms of Barr & Bardsley, the Connecticut proprietors. Mr. Marks bought one hundred acres on the present Bedford road, where he still lives, an aged but hale and hearty pioneer, now entering upon his eighty-third year. Mr. Bennett located on the farm next adjoining that of Mr. Marks on the northwest. Soon afterward Thomas Ross, an 483 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. emigrant from the State of New York, came from Summit county and joined Marks and Bennett, his farm being the one now owned by Asa Dunham, one mile west of the Marks place. While engaged in clearing their farms, Marks, Bennett and Eoss kept bachelor's hall in Ross' log shanty until late in the fall, when the family of the latter came out from the East, and then Marks and Bennett boarded with the Ross household. Meanwhile Marks had pat up a log house and cleared six acres of land, whereupon, in 1821, he traveled on foot back to Connecticut for his sister, who accompanied him to Ohio, and kept house for him until 1822, when Mr. Marks married. The next year she married Cyrus Parmeter, a Vermonter, who had assisted Marks in clearing his farm, and re- moved to Strongsville. As an instance of the difficulty of traveling with vehicles in those days, it may be observed that young Marks walked back to Connecticut in thirteen days on the return trip; when he had a team, he consumed upwards of a month. When Mr. Marks first came out to Newburg he had to cut his way to his farm, although in the following summer a road from Cleve- land to Hudson was opened, which was followed somewhat later by the present Bedford road. Eoss died in 1832, of the cholera. Bennett fell eventually into evil ways, took to drinking, and died a wreck, in 1836. None of the descendants of either Eoss or Bennett are living in the township. Mr. Marks married, in 1822, a Mrs. Parmeter, a sister of the man who married Miss Marks. She came to Newburg in 1821, in company with a family of West- ern pioneers, and drove a team all the way from New England as compensation for her transportation. After reaching Newburg she taught school on the Brainard farm, but unfortunately for the school it was broken up by the speedy marriage of its teacher. When Mr. Marks settled in Newburg there were on the Bedford road in Newburg the Jewetts, John and Samuel Brooks, and Nehemiah Wallace, with his three sons, Ira, Chester and Jefferson, the former two being married. Chester is still living iu Morrow county, in this State. Lewis Harper's farm adjoined Wilson Bennett's, but he subsequently moved to that part of the township now included in the city. Edmund Eathbun, now an old gentleman of eighty-five, living in Cleveland with his son-in-law, Ereeman Brooks, made the journey in a sleigh from New York to Newburg, in the winter of 1817, in company with Isaac Clark and family. Young Eath- bun took up forty-four acres of land near where the " five-mile-lock " was afterwards constructed, which tract he increased to one hundred and twenty-five acres in 1818. In that year his brother George joined him, and located on a neighboi-ing farm. He removed to Euclid in 1844, and died there in 1877, aged eighty-one. Edmund Eathbun sold out his Newburg place in 1854, and went to Solon, afterwards becoming a resident of Cleveland, as before stated. His wife, who is still living, was the daughter of Samuel Hamilton, who settled in Newburg village as early as 1801. Mr. Eathbun's neighbors besides his brother- George, were Milton, Erastus and Joseph Eathbun; a Mr. Burgess, who was killed by the fall of a tree; Jonathan Pearse, who located in Newburg about 1818; John Gould and his son, Myrick; Benjamin Parsons, Wildman White, Samuel Andrus and George Beakle. In the northeast, one of the pioneers was Jedediah Hubbell. His house was burned to the ground on Sunday, in 1822, while he was at church. The next morning his townsmen gathered in force, put up a new house for him, and moved his family into it be- fore nightfall. That is an example of how people used to help each other in the "good old days." Solomon White was located in the north near the present city line. On the old State road, now called the Fisher i-oad, were Parker, Shattuek, Amos Brain- ard, Silas Owens, Lewis Peet and Isaac Clark; the latter having come out with Edmund Eathbun in 1817. A Mr. Remington, Lyman Hammond and Mr. Rightor were settlers perhaps, as early as 1814, near where James Walker lives, but they moved away after a very brief stay. CIYIL ORGANIZATION. Newburg township waSjformed by an order of the county commissioners on the 15th day of October, 1814. Until 1873 it embraced the thriving village of Newburg. In Sepember of that year the "village and the tract lying between it and the north line of the township were annexed to the city of Cleveland. The remaining citizens of Newburg determined to preserve the residue of their territory intact, and so, on the 2d of March, 1874, the township was incorporated for "special purposes." The only change in the form of election, however, is that each year one trus- tee is chosen to serve three years. Financially the township is in a healthful condi- tion. On the 1st of September, 1879, there were in the treasury $3,555, against which there was not one dollar of indebtedness. The township tax for 1879 aggregated ninety-three and one-half cents on each While Newburg village was a part of the township, all the township business was naturally done there, and a large part of the officers lived there, probably a majority of them. Others lived in the northwestern part of the old township. These are all "outsiders" so far as the present township is concerned. Yet if we give a bit of Newburg officers at all we cannot discriminate between them, and we can find no place more proper for it than in the history of the town- ship which still bears that time-honored name. The township books from 1814 to the present time are in the possession of the clerk of the present Newburg, and from them we transcribe the following list: GAIUS BURKE. NEWBURG. 483 PKINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 1814. Clerk, Eraatus Miles; trustees, Giles Barnes, Chas. Miles, Daniel Marvin. 1815. Clerli, Hrastus Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trustees, Jas. Kingsbury, Chas. Miles, Giles Barnes. 1816. Clerk, Erastus Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trustees, Giles Barnes, Dauiel Marvin, Y. L. Morgan. 1817. Clerk, Thompson Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trustees, Giles Barnes, Chas. Miles, Y. L. Morgan. 1818. Clerk, Justus Bemington: treasurer, Jedediah Hubbell; trus- tees, J. A. Smith, Ephraim Hubbell, S. S. Baldwm. 1819 and 1820. Clerk, Daniel Miles; treasurer, Theodore Miles; trus- tees, Ephraim Hubbell, Jas. Kingsbury, John Wightmau. 1821. Clerk, Lewis Feet; treasurer-, Theodore Miles; Trustees, Jehial Saxton, Jedediah Hubbell, Noble Bates. 1832. Clerk, Lewis Peet; treasurer, Thompson Miles; trustees. Noble Bates, Jehial Saxton, Aaron Hubbard. 1823. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Thompson Miles; trustees, Jehial Saxton, Peter Robison, Y. L. Morgan. 1824. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Thompson Miles; trustees, Theodore Miles, Aaron Hubbard, John Brooks. 1825. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Erastus Miles; trustees, Theodore Miles, John Brooks, Philemon Baldwin. 1826. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, Peter Robison; trustees, Jas. Kingsbury, John Brooks, Philemon Baldwin. 1827. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gaius Burk; trustees, Cyrenus Buggies. Lewis Peet, Jesse Harris. 1828. Clerk, T. T. Clarke ; treasurer, Justus Hamilton ; trustees, John Brooks, Jonathan Pearse, Moses Jewett. 1829. Clerk, Philemon Baldwin; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Jonathan Pearse. Moses Jewett, Spencer Warner. 1830. Clerk, Philemon Baldwin; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, John Brooks, Nob'.e Bates, Stephen Titus. 1831. Clerk, Jason HubbeU; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Jehial Saxton, A. S. Chapman, C. Hamilton. 1832. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Chester Hamilton, A. S. Chapman, Jas. Kingsbury. 1833. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Gains Burk, Moses Jewett, A. S. Chapman. 1834. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Gideon Tupper; trustees, Moses Jewett, Samuel Brooks, Jehial Saxton. 1835. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, A. C. Chapman; trustees, Moses Jewett, Philo S. Ruggles, A. H. Brainard. 1836. Clerk, Anson A. Miles; treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles; trustees, A. H. Brainard, Aaron Shepard, Asahel Palmiter. 1837. Clerk, Jason HubbeU; treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles; trustees, Aaron Shepard, Asahel Palmiter, A. S. Chapman. 1838. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, Philo S. Ruggles; trustees, A. S. Chapman, A. B. Haight, Jabez Gallup. 1839. Clerk, Jason Hubbell; treasurer, P. S. Buggies; trustees, A. B. Haight, Stephen Titus, Aaron Shepard. 1840. Clerk, Thos. M. Bayard; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, A. H Brainard, Wileman White, Stephen Titus. 1841. Clerk, Justus Hamilton; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees. A, H. Brainard, Y. L. Morgan, Jr., G. Bradford. 1842. Clerk, Justus Hamilton ; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles ; trustees, Y. L. Morgan, George Bathbone, J. Hopkinson. 1843. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, P. S. Ruggles; trustees, John Hopkinson, Nehemiah Marks, G. S. Rathbone. 1844. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, Spencer Warner; trustees, N. Marks, G. S. Rathbone, John Hopkinson. 1845. Clerk, E. G. Simmons; treasurer, Spencer Warner; trustees, B. L. Wiggles, Eben Miles, F. A. Andrews. 1846. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, Henry Marble; trustees, B. L. Wiggins, Thomas Garfield, Alonzo Carter. 1847. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, Henry Marble; trustees, Thomas Garfield, E. Bathbone, J. S. Buggies. 1848. Clerk, John Keys; treasurer, A. W. Gay lord; trustees, Thomas Garfield, J. S. Ruggles, Elias Shepard. 1849. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, A. W. Gaylord; trustees, I. G. Buggies, Elias Shepard, I. W. Kingsbury. 1860. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, C. P. Jewett; trustees, E. G. Simmons, Wm. Kelley, James T. Worley. 1851. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, C. P. Jewett; trustees, N. T. Meeoh, J. N. Cannell, Thomas Garfield. 1853. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, Elias Shepard; trustees, Thos. Garfield, N. T. Meeeh, C. P. Jewett. 1853. Clerk, Harvey Burke; treasurer, Elias Shepard; tmstees, Thos. Garfield, Sam'l Stewart, B. L. Wiggins. 1854. Clerk, H. S. Pratt; treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees, A. H. Brainard, Henry Marble, B. L. Wiggins. 1855. Clerk, Alex. Topp ng; treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees B. L. Wiggins, I. Brayton, C. P. Jewett. 1856. Clerk, Alex. Topping; treasurer, Wm. Bergen; trustees, B. L. Wiggins, B. Edwards, F. A. Andrews. 1857. Clerk, A. B. Ruggles; treasurer, H. Burghardt; trustees, B. L. Wiggtas, F. A. Andrews, Alex. Topping. 1858. Clerk, E. W. Greenwood; treasurer, H. W. Burghardt; trustees, D. L. Wiggins, Jos. Turney, A. P. Leland. 18i9. Clerk, A. J. Hamilton; treasurer, Moses Fish; trustees, Jos. Turney, A. A. Jewett, Richard Rodway. 1860. Clerk, A. J.Hamilton; treasurer, Moses Fish; trustees, A. A. Jewett, Clark Caley, F. A. Andrus. 1861. Clerk, J. H. Shepard; treasurer, C. P. Jewett; trustees, A. W. Morgan, Thos. Garfield, Jabez Lovett. 1862. Clerk, J. H. Shepard; treasurer, P, S. Ruggles; trustees, Thos. Garfield, Moses Fish, P. Potts. 1883. Clerk, J. G. Ruggles; treasurer, E. T, Hamilton; trustees, G. R. Bowman, Thos. Caine, John Hopkinson. 1864. Clerk, J. A.Dyer; treasurer, E. G. Hamilton; trustees, J, D. Runnels, Wm. Jones, C. P. Jewett. 1865. Clerk, R. M. Choate; treasurer, D. J. Wilder; trustees, C. P. Jewett, J. D. Runnels, Elias Shepard. 1866. Clerk, R, M. Choate; treasurer, N. B. Wiggins; trustees, C. P. Jewett, Moses Fish, Frank Andrews. 1867. Clerk, M. R. Hughes; treasurer, H. G. Ruggles; trustees, Moses Fish, C. P. Jewett, H. Carter. 1868. Clerk, M. R. Hughes; treasurer, H. C. Ruggles; trustees, Elias Shepard, Henry Carter, Thos, Garfield. 1869. Clerk, M. R. Hughes; treasurer, M. M. Jones; trustees, Elias Shepard, James Walker, Henry Williams. 1870. Clerk, Wm. H. Cain; treasurer, M. M. Jones; trustees, James Walker, Henry Carter, Moses Fish. 1871. Clerk, Wm. H. Cain; treasurer, A. J. Hamilton; trustees, James Walker, Henry Carter, Joseph Turney. 1872. Clerk, J. Grays; treasurer, Henry Shanks; trustees, Jos. Tur- ney, Moses Fish, Edmund James. 1873. Clerk, George Ruggles ; treasurer, Henry Shanks; trustees, C. P. Jewett, Wm. E. Edwards, Cornelius Boyle. 1874. Clerk, Chas. Evarts; treasurer, James Walker; trustees, C. P. Jewett, A. L. Radway, Jacob Flick. 1875. Clerk, James Walker; treasurer, James Walker; trustees, C. P. Jewett, Jacob Flick, A. L. Radway. 1876 and 1877. Clerk and treasurer, James Walker; trustees, Eli W. Carroll, Jacob Flick, A. L. Radway. 1878. Clerk and treasurer, James Walker; trustees, Jacob Flick, A. L. Radway, Richard Woodly. 1879. Clerk and treasurer, James Walker; trustees, A. L, Radway, Richard Woodly and E, W, Cannell. SCHOOLS. Newburg has now five school districts — two having been added during 1879. At the last report, Septem- ber 1, 1879, for three school districts, the value of school property was set down at $10,000. The amount paid teachers for the year was $735, and the. balance of cash in the school fund was $1,400. The number of children of school age was about two hundred, of whom one hundred and ten were enrolled in the schools; the average attendance being sixty-six. The great discrepancy between the enumeration and en- rollment is explained by the statement that many. of the children in the township attend a Catholic school in the eighteenth ward of Cleveland. Two fine brick school-houses, expected to cost 11,600 each, are now being erected in "the two recently created dis- tricts. The five districts are located ^s follows: No. 1, in the northeast; No. 3, on Miles avenue; No. 3, on the Bedford road; No. 4, near the California pow- der works, and No. 5, on Union street. The mem- bers of the board of education are Boardman Pearse, 0. W. Quiggin, John E. Edwards, John B. Collett and Jacob Cramer. MANUFACTURES. The manufacturing industries, although few in number, are of considerable importance. THE AUSTIN POWDER COMPANY, (an outgrowth of the firm of Austin & Sons, which was founded in Ohio in 1833), was incorporated in 484 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1868, with a capital of $300,000, for the purjDose of manufacturing all kinds of powdei'. The works are located near what is called fiye-mile-lock. Here the company owns one hundred and thirty acres of land, upon which are the mills, tenement houses, etc. Thirty men are employed, and about four hundi'ed kegs of powder are produced daily; the product in- cluding blasting, mining, shipping, cannon, meal, and several grades of sporting powder. Mr. L. Aus- tin, who was the secretary of the company until 1873, has been its president since that time. THE CALIFORNIA POWDER COMPANy, an association incorporated by the State of California, has branch factories in various parts of the country, and among them one in Newburg. This branch was established in 1877, for the purpose of manufacturing dynamite, or Hercules powder, for blasting. The business at these works aggregates 1300,000 annually. Forty men are employed, being under the direction of William Willson, the superintendent. The mills are located near the line of the Ohio canal, in a deep ravine upon an extensive farm owned by the company, and comprise about a dozen differ- ent structures. THE NEWBURG FERTILIZER COMPANY, composed of J. B. Peck, J. H. Breek, Jr., and E. S. Peck have a large establishment near the river devoted to the manufacture of bone-dust, superphosphate of lime and;neatsfoot oil. The company was established about three years ago, as the successor of Davidson & Palmer. CHAPTER LXXX. OLMSTE&D. The First Improvement— James Geer— Elijah and D. J. Stearns— A Large Purchase— D. J. Stearns Becomes a Pioneer— Celebrating the Fourth— Daniel Runnel- Olmstead Called Kingston— Three Lonesome Tears— High Price for Wheat— First Marriage— First Birth— First Death— Amos Briggs— Mrs. Scales and the Wild Animals— Major Hoadley— His Girls Raise a House— Remark- able Death of John Hanley— Settlers After 1819— First Gristmill -First Religious Organizations— Indian Sugar Bush— Organiza- tion of Lenox— Division of Lenox— Reorganization— First Officers Afterward— A Big "Black Squirrel"— Lenox Changes to Olmstead— The Seven Filches— Mr. Banum's House— Kilpatrick's Mill— First Tavern — The ITnion Meeting-house- A Lyceum on Butternut Ridge— General Improvementr-The Railroads— Olmstead Falls* and Lake View— The War— Stone Quarries— The Universahst Church— Wesleyan Methodist Church— Methodist Episcopal Church— Congre gational Church on the Ridge— St. Mary's Church- Congregational Church at the Falls— Union School— Lyceum, etc., iu District Number One— Olmstead Falls Village— Principal Township Offlcers. Township six and range fifteen, now known as Olmstead, saw the first improvement made while war was still raging along the not distant frontier. In the year 1814 James Geer, then a resident of Colum- bia, which is now in Lorain county, but was at that time in Cuyahoga, cut out the underbrush and girdled the trees on a small piece of land in the southwest corner of the township, on what has since been known as the Browning farm. This he planted to corn the same year, and raised such a crop as he could among the trees. The next spring, after the declaration of peace, Mr. Geer put up a small log house at the place first mentioned, and moved thither with his family, be- coming the first permanent resident ■ of the present township of Olmstead. His son, Calvin Geer, was then a boy of seven, and is now the earliest surviving resident of the township. Wild beasts swarmed all around, and often appeared in the edge of the little clearing. One of young Calvin's olde'st recollec- tions is regarding the slaughter by his father of a bear which showed himself one Sunday evening, soon after their arrival, on the bank of Eocky river, not far from their cabin. Mr. Geer's first shot broke the animal's back, but such was his size and vitality that it took three more balls to kill him. The same year, 1815, Elijah Stearns and his son, David Johnson Stearns, came to Kingston, as Olm- stead was then called, to select land for future settle- ment. The senior Mr. Stearns had a large family of boys, and was desirous to obtain an extensive tract of land for their use. He selected and purchased a thousand and two acres on Butternut Ridge, in the northwest part of the township, at two dollars per acre. Of this it was arranged that D. J. Stearns was to have a hundred and fifty acres. The latter was then an active, enterprising young man of twenty-one, with a constitution remarkably well fitted to bear the hard- ships of frontier life, as is shown by the fact that after passing through the whole pioneer period of Olmstead's existence, and after residing sixty-three years in the township, he still survives, at the age of eighty-five, in a condition of remarkable physical vigor, and of undiminished mental power. It was expected that the proprietors would send a surveyor to lay out the land, and D. J. Stearns waited awhile for his arrival, in the meantime clear- ing off a small piece of land near the present resi- dence of Buel Stearns. He then returned to Ver- mont. In 1816, having perfected the purchase of his land, he came back to Kingston to reside upon it. He was accompanied by his brother Alva, and by Asa Knapp, but they only remained long enough to help him put up a log house and make a beginning in the woods. Mr. Stearns still preserves a note of three hundred', and thirty -four dollars, one of four given by the Stearns' for land, to the trustees of the estate of Aaron Olmstead, who had been in his lifetime the proprietor of the township. Young Stearns had a sub-agency under Judge Kirtland, the agent of the proprietors, to sell their land. He, however,had sold only two lots when the owners stopped the sale. The Fourth of July, 1816, was celebrated by Mr. Stearns, assisted by Mr. Geer, in clearing out the "ridge road" from Rocky river, along Butternut ridge, toward the home of the former. They worked from sunrise till sunset, cutting out the saplings so as to make a pass- able pathway, for a distance of two miles. OLMSTEAD. 485 That same spring Daniel Bunnel moved from Co- lumbia to the northeast corner of Olmstead, and built a rough plank house, becoming the third resident of the township. As we have said, the township was then called Kingston, but this name had no legal validity; it was mei-ely applied at the fancy, of the proprietors to survey-township number six. Many such names were given on the Western Reserve, some of which were retained, while others were changed. Owing to the stoppage of the sale of land by the proprietors, young Stearns remained almost alone in that part of the township until 1819, keeping bach- elor's hall the whole time. In 1817 he was obliged to pay three dollars a bushel for wheat, which he bought near Black River. Having other business to attend to, he gave half of it to another man to take to mill. The latter went with a yoke of oxen, and, finding the nearer mill closed for want of water, he was obliged to go to Chagrin i-iver to get the wheat ground. It took him a week to go and return. Salt at the same time was twenty dollars a barrel. The first wedding in the township was that of Harvey Hartson and Eunice Parker, which took place at the residence of James Geer, in the spring of 1817. Hartson located himself near Geer. The same spring, and at the same house, occurred the first birth, that of Mr. Geer's daughter, Julia. The child died when two years old, this being the first death in the township. In 1817 Amos Briggs settled on the west part of Butternut Ridge, ou what has since been known as the Robb farm. In 1818 Isaac Scales built a house and brought his family to live on the east end of the ridge, near Rocky river. He and his wife lived there without neighbors about a year. As he was obliged to go to Columbia to work most of the time, Mrs. Scales had a most lonesome experience. Often she had to get up in the night, with a broom, to drive the wildcats out of the loft of her house. One day she saw a bear hugging the dog to death in the front yard. She took down the old musket from over the fireplace, but finally concluded that it would be more dangerous than the bear. The latter left the dog ap- parently dead, and waddled ofE into the woods. Poor Tray, however, recovered from the effects of his ex- tremely bad company, but in a very dilapidated con- dition. Add to such events as these the frequent ap- pearance of wandering Indians, and it must be admit- ted that there was enough to try a woman's nerves most severely. In February, 1819, Mr. Stearns was married to Polly Barnum; this being, we believe, the second wedding in the township. A little later in the same spring Major Samuel Hoadley settled near Scales's place, at the east end of Butternut ridge. He and his family at first occupied a log house, but immediately began the erection of a framed one. After the frame was completed, ready to raise, one day late in the summer Major Hoadley and his wife went away for the day, leaving at home his daughters, Maria and Eunice, the carpenter, James Miles, and a man named Eliot Smith. During the day Mrs. Scales also came over to visit them. The two girls, both enterprising, wide-awake young women, determined that they would surprise their parents by raising the new house while they were gone. It was not a very large one, the timbers were light, the carpenter offered to help and to see that the work was done properly, young Smith was very ready to give his best assistance, and Mrs. Scales proffered a pair of arms not at all to be despised. So at it they went. Under Mr. Miles's direction they all took hold, carried the timbers to their pro- per position, fitted the sills into place, and matched the bents together. Then with hands and pike-poles the three women and two men started a bent upward, and to the cheery "heave-ho!" of the carpenter steadily raised it to its place. The other work quickly followed, and when Major and Mrs. Hoadley returned at nightfall, their eyes were greeted with the sight of a frame completely erected and ready for the clapboards, while, to their astonished inquiries, two demure young ladies answered quietly, " Oh, we did it;" as if raising houses was the commonest thing in the world for them to do. The next spring Maria Hoadley, one of the heroines of this adventure, was married to John Adams, a newly arrived young pioneer. They settled near by, have ever since resided in the township, and now live at West View. Eunice Hoadley afterward became Mrs. John Barnum. The second death, and first serious accident in the township, occurred in the autumn of 1819, in a very peculiar manner. Mr. D. J. Stearns had a boy of Irish parentage, named John Hanley, about fifteen years old, living with him, whose parents resided in Ridgcville, now Lorain county. One day the boy ob- tained permission to visit his home, promising to re- turn in time to do the chores at night. The night set in dark, and the boy did not appear. His wife being ab- sent Mr. Steai-ns was in his house alone. Late in the night he heard an agonized voice shrieking "Oh! dear! Oh! dear!" at some distance from the house. For a moment it ceased, and then it was heard again nearer than before. Mr. Stearns stepped out of the door, where he was suddenly grasped by a man who flung his arms around him in a state of frantic excitement, ci-ying out at the same time: "Oh ! my boy is kilt ! my boy is kilt ! my boy is kilt ! " As soon as Mr. Stearns could recover from his astonishment, and get the man to the light, he found that his visitor was Mr. Hanley, the father of John. It was with great difficulty that he could quiet the frantic Irishman so as to obtain even the slightest idea of what was the matter. At length, however, he succeeded in learning from the broken ejaculations of the distracted father, mingled with sobs and groans, and cries of anguish, that Hanley and his son had been coon-hunting, and that a large tree had fallen upon his boy and probably crushed him to death, a mile or two out in the woods, to the northeast. 486 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Knowing that he could do nothing wi'^^hout assist- ance, Mr. Stearns made Hanley promise to remain at the house until he could obtain aid. His nearest neighbor, Amos Briggs, was absent, and there were no others nearer than a mile and a half. He accord- ingly went to Mr. Briggs's stable, and took his horse to go for help. Ere he could mount, however, Hanley came rushing up, and again flung his arms about the young man, crying out that his "boy was kilt" in all the agony of unreasoning despair. Again Mr. Stearns pacified him, and persuaded him to return to the house. The former then rode a mile and a half, and obtained the help of three new- comers, Bennett Powell, Job Cole and another whose name is not recollected. The four returned with all speed to Stearns's house, where they found the desolate father with whom they set out to find the scene of the disaster. Hauley, liowever, had been so frightened and demoralized by the catustrophe that he could give no clear idea of the direction to be taken. Nevei'theless he thought it was somewhat east of north, and he knew there was a turning tree where the sad event had occurred. The five men hurried forward through the darkness in the general direction indicated, and at length, saw a light in advance. Shaping their course toward it, they soon arrived at the turning tree. There they soon found that the distracted father's words were but too true; the poor boy was indeed killed. A large ash tree lay where it had fallen, directly across the youth's head, which was crushed out of all semblance of humanity, while his body was raised from the ground by the pressure on his head. It seems as they gathered from Hanley's broken statements, and his subsequentutterances in a quieter state, tliat he had persuaded his son to I'emciin and hunt coons with him, instead of returning to Stearns' that night. They had gone east a mile or two along the line between townships six and seven (Olmstead and Dover), and had then borne southward into the former township. At length, the night being cold and damp, they built a fire at the foot of a hollow ash tree, and determined to wait for the moon. The boy lay down ujion a grassy knoll a short distance from the fii-e, while his father sat with his back to a liickory tree in the opposite direction, and both soon went to sleep. An hour or so later the old man was awakened by a tremendous crash, directly over his head. The hollow ash had burned of and had fallen against the hickory by which Hanley sat. The tough wood of the latter bent before the blow and then recoiled with such foi'ce that it threw the ash back in the opposite direction, so as to fall directly across the head of the sleeping boy. His father was so frightened and horrified that he ran screaming into the woods en- tirely at random, and by mere accident came out at Mr. Stearns' clearins'. When the four Americans saw the situation they went to work with the axes which they had of course brought with them to chop off the tree on each side of the corpse. Mr. Stearns, however, was obliged to devote himself to holding the lialf-crazy father to keep him from running under the axes of the chop- pcl-s in the fruitless attempt to extricate his child. Beneath the sturdy blows of the pioneers tlie tree was soon severed on either side, and the body taken out. It was carried back to Stearns's, where it was kept the remainder of the night and then taken to Hauley's place in Ridgeville. The accident happened in such a remarkable way that it was long the subject of evening talk among the pioneers of Olmstead. After 1819 emigrants came in more rapidly than before. Among those who came within the next five years, besides those already named, were Isaac Frost, Elias Frost, Zenas Barnum, Harry Barnum, Crosby Baker, Horace F. Adams, Amos Wolf, Truman Wolf, Christian Wolf, Charles Usher, Hezekiah Usher, Eansom J. Adams, Hosea Bradford, H. G. Seekins, Natrons Usher, Noble Hotchkiss, Thomas Briggs, Otis Briggs, Alvah Stearns, Elijah Stearns^ Jr., Ves- pasian Stearns, Elliott Stearns, Lyman Frost, Hosea Bradford, Lucius Adams and A. G. E. Stearns. Be- sides the six Stearns brothers who have been named, a seventh, Sidney, began improvements in the town- ship, but died in a short time afterward. During this period Lemuel Hoadley and Ci'osby Baker built the first gristmill and sawmill in the township, on the west branch of Eocky river, just above the junction with the east branch. A small society of the Methodist Church was organized and occasional meetings were held. Clearings were made here and there in all parts of the townships except the southwestern section, which was the last to be settled. Old Indian wigwams were still standing, and In- dians frequently came and set their traps for the various fur-bearing animals which still abounded. D. J. Stearns found an old Indian sugar-bush on the place afterward occupied by Mr. A. Tyler. Hither the Indians were accustomed to come annually to make sugar — or, rather, the squaws made the sugar and the Indians ate it. They made sap-troughs out of birch-bark, which they brought with them from Sandusky, there being no birch in Olmstead. Kettles to boil the sap in must have been procured from the whites, but after they had "sugared ofE" they were accustomed to make a great store-trough of the elm bark, which would hold twelve or fifteen barrels. Here the sugar was kept for common use, while the tribe remained in that section; the remnant being carried with them when they returned to Sandusky. In the forepart of 1823 number six, in range fifteen, was formed into a civil township by the name of Lenox, and on the lith of April in that year it was organized by the election of its first officers. The principal of these were Amos Briggs, Watrous Usher and Hosea Bradford, as trustees; D. J. Stearns, clerk, and Isaac Frost, treasurer. Lenox continued in exist olmstead. 48^ ence two years at this time. In 1835 it was cut in twain, and the east half of it again attached to Mid- dleburg, while the western portion was made a part of Kidgeville, Lorain county. This state of affairs continued two years more, when the west half of the township was set back into Cuya- hoga county, the two halves were united, and the breath of municipal life was again breathed into the defunct form of Lenox. The first election in the re- suscitated township was held on the 18th of June, 1827, E. 0. Frost, Thomas Briggs and Harry Bar- num being the judges of the election. As this is the first complete list we have of officei's chosen in the territory now constituting Olmstead, we give it en- tire. Besides, it will show a good portion of those who were residents of the township in 1837, as it must have taken half of them to hold the offices. The list is as follows: Trustees, Truman "Wolf, Alvah Stearns and Blias C. Frost; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Isaac 0. Frost; constables, Joel B. Lawrence and Elliott Stearns; overseers of the poor, John Barnum and Elias P. Usher; fence viewers, Olden Thompson and Harry Shults; supervisors of highways, Daniel Bun- nel, Hezekiah Usher, H. P. Adams and Elliott Smith. Besides these, Watrous Usher was a justice of the peace. The first tax was half a mill on the dollar. Immediately after the organization the town- ship was divided into three school districts. About this period Watrous Usher built a sawmill at Olmstead Falls, being the first improvement at that now thriving village. By this time the rifles began to be a little too thick even for the bears, which had previously flourished in great abuudance. In fact, it seems as if Bruin was more prosperous for several years after the advent of the white man than he had been before; for in a short time after his arrival, neai-ly every settler had fif- teen or twenty hogs roaming through the woods, and nothing suited better the taste of the beurs, who killed and devoured great numbers of them. But, as has been said, the rifles were getting too thick for them. Our friend Stearns, whom we have so often referred to, was not a "mighty hunter," hav- ing observed that mighty hunters seldom made good farmers. Like nearly everybody else, however, he kept a rifle, and one day he loaned it (to hunt squir- rels) to a youngster who was at work for him, who seems not to have been very bright for a pioneer boy, and who must have been a new-comer. After hunting awile he found something in a hollow tree, which he supposed to be a monstrous black squir- rel. Sticking his rifle into the hollow, close to the animal's head, he fired. The "black squirrel " came out growling, and sorely wounded— not so badly, how- ever, but that he could conquer and mangle terribly the dog which was with the youngster, and which was bold enough to attack him. Astonished and alarmed at such obstreperous conduct on the part of a "black squirrel," the youth made his way home as fast as pos- sible. As soon as he saw his employer he cried out (calling him by the name by which he was com- monly known): "Oh, Johnson! I seen the monstrousest biggest black squirrel out in the woods that ever I seen in all my born days." Mr. Stearns directed him to describe this wonderful squirrel, and immediately recognized it as a bear. The next morning he and three of his friends started out to slay the animal. Being piloted by the boy to the tree before mentioned, they found it marked with blood six feet from the ground, where the creature had stood up and rubbed his wounded head against it. The hunters began to think that they, too, were mistaken as well as the boy, for the marks seemed to indicate something rather too large even for a bear. However, they followed the trail, which was plainly marked with blood, for several miles, and at last came up with the " squirrel." They found it to be a bear, but the largest one, Mr. Stearns says, which he ever saw in all his pioneer experience. One of the party shot and killed him, and it was then found that the bullet of the blundering boy had passed through his nose and broken one of his jaws. After 1830 the bears rapidly disappeared. Deer, however, remained, though in constantly decreasing numbers, and occasionally one was to be seen as late as the building of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cin- cinnati railroad. Wild turkeys, too, abounded, even to a still later period, and the number of their bodies yearly brought to the tables of the settlers might at one time have been counted by hundreds. For two ye:.rs after the second organization of Lenox, the township continued to bear that name. During the year 1839, however, Mr. Charles H. Olm- stead, who had become the owner of the north part of it as the heir of Aaron Olmstead, deceased, offered to make the people a present of a library if they would change the name of Lenox to Olmstead. The offer was accepted at a township meeting, the name was duly changed by the proper authorities, and the libra- ry was duly presented. The first election under the name of Olmstead was held in 1830. In 1831 four young men, brothers, by the name of Fitch, settled in the central part of the township, and these were followed a year or two later by three more. These seven brothers were Chester, Eli, Horace, Chauucey, Elisha, Daniel and Sandford Fitch. The families planted by them and by the Stearns brothers have grown and flourished mightily, and from that day to this Olmstead has been celebrated for its Fitches and its Stearnses; it being almost impossible to find a list of Olmstead men associated in political, religious or social life which did not contain some members of both those families. It was about this period (1830) that Major Hoadley and his son-in-law, John Barnum, built a sawmill on Plum creek at Olmstead Falls. Barnum moved thither to attend to the business, and as there was no house he proceeded to make one in short order. He 488 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA OOtTNTY. cut down a large whitewood tree near the bank of the creek, and this formed one end of his house. A few smaller logs were laid up, some saplings placed on top to support a temporary roof and the mansion was complete. However, Mr. Barnum speedily con- structed a more commodious residence. His son, Luther Barnum, a well-known citizen of Olmstead Falls, was then a year old. Uriah Kilpatrick soon after built a little "packet" gristmill, also on Plum creek. Both the mill and its owner were of a slow and easy nature, and the pa- tience of his customers was sometimes severely tried. A poor fellow named Powell, sharp enough naturally, but with shattered intellect, who used to string verses together for the ediiication of people, once applied to Mr. Barnum, who was a justice of the peace, for a warrant against Kilpatrick for some imaginaiy of- fense. Barnum refused it, but to divert Powell's mind told him he might make some verses against the oifender, which would be just as effective as a warrant. The rhymester, desirous to hit the justice as well as the miller, studied a few moments, and de- livered himself as follows: " Iron beetles are seldom found, But basswood justices here abound. On the banks of Rocky river Tall Kilpatrick's nose doth quiver; There he sits in his slow mill, Which most folks think is standing still.'' Kilpatrick's little mill was kept up ten or twelve years and then abandoned. Hoadley & Barker's gristmill, down near the junction, was transferred to Loyal Peck, but this, too, has long since ceased to exist. Shortly after Kilpatrick, Peter Kidney built a gristmill on the river, below the mouth of Plum creek. N. P. Loomis, who came to Olmstead Falls in 1834, says there was then no road cut through the village; nothing but a path along the river bank. The main road, however, was "slashed out," but was not ready for use. Where the Union school house now stands was a frog pond, and there were only six houses on the ground now occupied by the village. Some of the pioneers had made a practice of keep- ing travelers when necessary, but it was not until about this period that there was a regular hotel in the township. It was kept by William l{omp, who erected a large framed building for the purpose, near the river, below Butternut Ridge. He also carried on the first store in the township, at the same point, ex- cept, perchance, a few goods kept for sale in the houses of settlers. It was about 1835 that the first church edifice was erected in the township. It was a union church, built by the Presbyterians, Methodists and Universal- ists, each denomination raising what they could, and the time which each was allowed to occupy it being in proportion to the amount subscribed. It was sub- sequently used as a town house, being located at what was called town-house corners, some two miles north of Olmstead Falls. It was used for that purpose until about 1849, when the town business was re- moved to Olmstead Falls. The first Sunday-school in the township was estab- lished on Butternut Ridge in 1833 or '34. The ridge was settled by a very enterprising, wide-awake set of people, and all intellectual and moral improvements found ready encouragement at their hands. As early as 1837 a lyceum, or debating school, was formed in school district number one, toward the east end of the ridge, being the first institution of the kind in the township. Something of that class has been main- tained there almost ever since, and we will have some- thing more to say of it a little farther on. Meanwhile the township was rapidly assuming the outward garb of civilization. The clearings on each farm, at first small, were extended so as to include the larger part of the area; log houses gave place to frames, pumps appeared instead of the picturesque but inconvenient well-sweeps which were previously seen in every door-yard, and a hundred minor changes indicated by the end of the first half of the century that the pioneer period had changed into the farming period. Yet deer were still sometimes seen in the southwest part of the township, and occasionally one strayed into other sections, and the young men had not lost the skill of their fathers, so but that they were soon out iu arms to make venison of the unlucky intruder. In 1849, the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad was built through the southeast part of the township. This gave a still greater impetus to settle- ment, and the last of the wild animals soon disap- peared before the shriek of the locomotive. In Jan- uary, 1853, the Toledo, Norwalk and Cleveland rail- road (now a part of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern) was opened for use; running almost exactly east and west in a straight line through the center of the township. Villages grew up around the two depots; that on the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapo- lis road being called West View, while that on the Lake Shore road retained its old name of Olmstead Falls. On the 7th of April, 1856, the latter village was incorporated under that name, although at its first election only twenty-six votes were cast. The next year the embryo village of Plum Creek was added to Olmstead Falls; making a town which cov- ered a very large area in proportion to its population, but which has been steadily though slowly filling up ever since. West View is a smaller village, a store, two or three shops and about thirty houses. In 1856 the basement of the Methodist church at Olmstead Falls was purchased by the township for a town house, at a cost of two hundred and fifty dollars. The part taken by the soldiers of Olmstead in the war for the Union is told in the records of the Cuya- hoga county regiments, in the general history of the county. Since the war the history of the township has been uneventful, as is tlie case with most farming communities, after the close of the pioneer era. The OLMSTEAD. 489 most importaut event has been the opening of quar- ries of building stone along the banks of Eocky river, of the same quality as the celebrated Berea stone, which is taken out only a few miles distant. A quarry was opened near "West View in 1870, which has been successfully carried on ever since. It employs about twenty five hands, and a railroad has been built to carry the stone from the quarry to West View station. Two quarries were also opened at 01m- stead Palls, and for five or six years employed fifty men each, but were closed in 1876. The following is a list of the various business places, shops, etc., at the Falls; General stores, four; drug stores, two; tailor shop, one; blacksmiths' shops, three; shoe shops, three; tin shop, one; grist mill, one; broom factory, one; felloe shop, one: lumberyard, one. The popula- tion of the village is about seven hundred. We will now give some sketches and statistics which could not well be incorporated in the general story of the township. THE UNITERSALIST CHUKCH (BUTTERNUT EIDGB). This church was organized by Eev. Harlow P. Sage as early as 1834, being one of the first Universalist churches in this section. Eev. Stephen Hull was the first minister, and preached from that time some twelve or fifteen years. He was succeeded by Eev. Isaac E. Henry, who ofiiciated about ten years. As before stated the Universalists, soon after the forma- tion of the society, united with the Methodists and Presbyterians in building a union house of worship. In 1847 they erected one of their own; a commodious framed edifice on Butternut Eidge, which has ever since been occupied by them. After Mr. Henry the pulpit was occupied in suc- cession by Messrs. Tillotson, French, Shipman, Sykes, Eice, Weeks and Canfield. In 1878 a lady, the Eev. Mrs. Danfortli, was called to the pastorate, which she has since acceptably filled. The church now numbers a little over sixty members. It was legally organized in 1868. Its present trustees are Buel Stearns, Jona- than Carpenter and John Foster. THE WBSLETAN METHODIST CHURCH (WEST VIEW). This society was formed on the fourth day of April, 1843; the first members, whose names are preserved, being Eansom Bronson and Harriet M., his wife; John Adams and Maria, his wife; Lucius Adams and Electa, his wife; Mary Banarce and Sarah Banarce. James Pearson and William Beeham were then the circuit preachers. The organization was called Hoad- ley's Mills church, or station, until 1861, when it re- ceived the name of West View. Frem such records as can be found we learn that in 1863 the ministers on the circuit were A. W. Sanders, W. B. Moody and G. C. Hicks; in 1864 and '65, B. D. Fink; in 1866 and '67, Thomas F. Hicks; in 1868, '69 and '70, J. Nettle- ton; in 1871, '72 and '73, J. B. Carroll; in 1874, '75 and '76, J. Nettleton; in 1877, William Snell; in 1878, William Moody. 62 The stewards are H. Walkden, Joseph Eeed and J. Case; the clerk and treasurer, 0. P. Smith; the trus- tees, E. Bronson, T. Price, J. Adams, A. J. Pickard and B. Euple. Since 1865 the church has been a part of Eocky Eiver circuit (previously of Strongsville), which is composed of West View and North Olmstead churches. KORTH 0LMS7'EAD CHURCH (WESLEYAN METHODIST). The church edifice belonging to this society is situ- ated in the extreme northeast corner of the township of Olmstead, but its congregation comes principally from Eockport and Dover. Its ministers since 1865 have been the same as those above given as officiating at West View. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (OLMSTEAD FALLS). There had been early preaching by the Methodists in Olmstead, but no society was regularly organized until 1843. From that time forward services were punctually held, and in 1851 the present framed church building was erected at Olmstead Palls. The latter preachers, who are all whose names we can ob- tain, have been Uriah Eichards, in 1872, '73 and '74; Banias Ushower, in 1875 and '76; James Burleson, in 1878. The trustees are Lester Bradford, Charles Monks, Chauncey Fitch, William Butlin, Asahel Osborn. The stewards are the same, with, the addition of David Wright and Freeman Bradford. The church is now a part of Olmstead and Columbia circuit. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH (ON BUTTERNUT RIDGE). The church edifice occupied by this society was oi'iginally built for the use of the Methodists over thirty years ago. In the course of time, however, most of the members of that denomination in that vicinity died or moved away, and in 1872 the build- ing was transferred to the Congregationalists, who have since held regular services in it. The first pastor was H. 0. Johnson, who remained one year; B. P. Clisbee, one year; Westervelt, one and a half years; D. M. Bosworth, one and a half years; Eichard Grosvenor, one year; and Eev. John Patchin, who began his services in 1878. The deacons are Eichard Carpenter, James Garrison, Mr. Youngs and Benjamin Salisbury. The church is now in a pros- perous condition and numbers about fifty members. ST. mart's church (catholic). In the year 1855 Father Louis Filiere organized St. Mary's Church, and the same year the congregation erected the commodious churcli-edifice at Olmstead Falls. Fatlier Filiere remained in charge as priest until 1874. He was succeeded by Father Edward J. Murphy, who remained until 1876, when he gave place to Father James M. CuUen, the present incum- bent. The church-building was originally erected in the north part of the village, but has been moved to a pleasant site in the southern portion. A stone 490 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTf . parsonage stands near it, and there is also a school- hov^se, in which a school has been kept for the last few years. The councilmen are John Dalton, Patrick McCarty and Joseph Ward. There are now about forty families connected with the church. FIBST COITGEEGATIONAL CHURCH (OLMSTBAD FALLS). This was the first church organized in the town- ship, of which any record is preserved, the date of its formation being the 16th day of April, 1835. The first members were Mary Ann Fitch, Jerusha Loomis, Cynthia House, Catharine ISTelson, Abner N. Nelson, Sylvester Nelson, Sumner W. Nelson, William Wood, Mary Ann Wood, Eachel Wait, Emeline Spencer, Lydia Cune, Jotham How, Anna S. How, Harriet Dryden, Esther E. Kennedy. The fortunes of the church have been very change- ful; some of the time no pastor has been employed, and still more of the time no records have been pre- served. It was at first connected with the Cleveland presbytery, but soon after joined the Congregational associatioiu Eev. Israel Mattison was the first regular pastor, beginning his services in 1831. Among those who have followed him have been Eev. James Steele in 1844; Eev. 0. W. White in 1854; Eev. E. P. Clisbee in 1857; Eev. Z. P. Disbrow, at various times from 1863 to 1870; Eev. Q. M. Bos- worth in 1876; Eev. Eichard Grogan in 1877; Eev. John Patchin in 1878. The church building was erected in 1848. The trustees are Hugh Kyle, 0. W. Kendall and N. P. Loomis. OLMSTEAD FALLS UJSTIOH" SCHOOL. This very creditable institution has about a hun- dred and fifty scholars, and is graded in three depart- ments, primary, intermediate and high school, though sometimes only two teachers are employed. The school-house, a very fine brick building for a village of that size, two stories high, with ample and con- venient rooms, was erected in 1874. LTCBUM, SCHOOL, ETC., IST DISTRICT NO. ONE. As we have stated in the general sketch of the township, a lyceum, or debating school, was organized in this district in 1837, and the people of "the Eidge " were somewhat noted for their fondness for whatever intellectual exercises could be indulged in in a secluded situation. In 1852, on the occasion of building a new school-house in district No. 1, eight young men and boys put their loose change together, bought the old house, and moved it on to the land of V. and B. Stearns to be used as a meeting-place for the lyceum. It was used for that purpose until 1860. The Good Templars were then given the use of it, and occupied it about fifteen years. In 1878 it was transferred to the district board of education, and is now used for the higher department of the grade school which has been organized in district No. 1. OLMSTBAD FALLS VILLAGE. First election April 7, 1856. Officers elected: Thomas Brown, mayor; Wm. S. Carpenter, recorder; H. S. Howe, N. P. Loomis, William W. Smith, Thos. Broadwell and George C. Knight, trustees. List of Mayors: Wm. S. Carpenter, 1856 and '57 Wm. Giddings, (ChauceyMead elected in May) 1858 0. W. Kendall, 1859 and '60; N. P. Loomis, 1861 John Lay, 1862; Elisha Fitch, (W. S. Carpenter elected in May) 1863; D. H. Oottrell, 1864; 0. W. Kendall, 1865; H. K. Minor, 1866 and '67; L. B. Adams, 1869, '70 and '71; Luther Barnnm, 1873, '73 '74 and '75; L. B. Adams, 1876 and '77; re-elected for two years in 1878. PEINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. (so FAR AS THEY CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE RECORDS). 1823. (Lenox) Trustees, Amos Briggs, Watrous Usher, Hosea Brad- ford; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Isaac Frost. 1824. Not recorded. 182.5 and '36. Township annulled and divided. 1827. (Lenox reorganized.) Trustees, Truman Wolf, Alvah Stearns, Elias C. Frost; clerk, D. J. Steams; treasurer, Isaac Frost; overseers of the poor, John Barnum, Elias P. Usher. 1828. (Lenox) Trustees, Davis Ross, Alvah Stearns, Lucius Adams; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Thomas Briggs; overseers of the poor, E. C. Frost, H. Bradford. 1829. (Lenox) Trustees, D. Ross, A. Stearns, L. Adams; clerk, D. J. Stearns; treasurer, Buel Peck; overseers of the poor, Peter Romp, Ar- dello Harris. 1830. (Olmstead) Trustees, Noble Hotchkiss, Davis Ross, Vespasian Stearns; clerk, D. J. Stearns (declined, and Jonas Clisbee appointed); treasurer, A. Stearns; overseers of the poor, E. C. Frost, Jonathan Thompson. 1831. Trustees, Vespasian Stearns, Elliott Smith, Amos Briggs; clerk, Jonas Clisbee; treasurer, A. Stearns; overseers of the poor, E. C. Frost, Thomas Briggs. 1832. Trustees, A. Briggs, J. Barnum, John Kennedy; clerk, J. Clisbee; treasurer, John Adams. 1833. Trustees, J. Kennedy, N. Hotchkiss, J. Carpenter; clerk, J. Clisbee; treasurer, J. Adams; overseers of the poor, D. Ross, George Keeler. 1834. Trustees, D. J. Stearns, N. Hotchkiss, L. Adams: clerk, Orson Spencer; treasurer, J. Adams; overseers of the poor, Elliot Stearns, J. Adams. 1835. Trustees, D. J. Stearns, William Wood, Nelson Hoadley; clerk, O. Spencer; treasurer, J. Adams; overseers of the poor, N. Hotchkiss, J. Carpenter. 1836. Trustees, William Wood, Jonas Clisbee, Hiram Frisbee; clerk, 0. Spencer ; treasurer, Nahum Rice ; overseers of the poor, Amos Briggs, Cyrus P. Dryden. 1837. Trustees, Hiram Frisbee, Vespasian Stearns, Nelson Hoadley; treasurer, Hiram B. Gleason; clerk, Chester Phillips; overseers of the poor, William Wood, Nahum Rice. 1838 Trustees, Peter Kidney, Vespasian Stearns, John Kennedy; clerk, Jotham Howe; treasuier, H. B. Gleason; overseers of the poor, J. Carpenter, Sanford Fitch. 1889. Trustees, Hiram Frisbee, Sanford Fitch, John Kennedy; clerk, A. W. Ingalls; treasurer, Jotham Howe; overseers of the poor, O. W. Hotchkiss, Abner Nelson. 1840. Trustees, Vespasian Stearns, Chauncey Fitch, William Wood; clerk, Jotham Howe; treasurer, Elisha Fitch; overseers of the poor, John Carpenter, Alden Thompson. 1841. Trustees, John Kennedy, Horace F. Adams, Chauncey Fitch; clerk, J. Howe; treasurer, Elisha Fitch; overseer of the poor, Amos Thompson. 1842. Trustees, H. Frisbee, J. Kennedy, S. Fitch; clerk, Chester Phil- lips; treasurer, Hiram Gleason; overseers of the poor, E. Fitch, N. B. 1843. Trustees, Vespasian Stearns, H. Frisbee, S. Fitch; clerk, C. Phillips; treasurer, E. Fitch: overseers of the poor, Amos Briggs, Orson Spencer; assess*, D. J. Stearns. 1814. Trustees, John Kennedy, Elhott Stearns, Josep'i S. Allen; clerk, C. Phillips; treasurer, WiUiam Romp; overseers of the poor, H. B. Gleason, J. N. Lawrence; assessor, John Barnum. 1845. Trustees, Ohver Weldon, C. Fitch, E. Fitch; clerk, 0. Phillips; treasurer, Wm. Romp; assessor, J. Kennedy; overseers of the poor, N. B. Gage, E. Ktoh. ORAISTGE. 491 1848. Trustees, Caleb Cook, Elisha Fitch, Geo. MoKillip; clerk, G. Phillips; treasurer, J. Kennedy; assessor, D. J. Stearns. 1847. Trustees, H. Frisbee, S. Fitch, John Carpenter; clerk, Jotham Howe; treasurer, Newton P. Loomis; assessor, V. Stearns. 1848. Trustees, H. K. Miner, Amos Briggs, D. J. Stearns ; clerk, J. B. Henry; treasurer, Thomas F. Husted; assessor, Chester Phillips. 1849. Trustees, Eli Fitch, John Kennedy, Norman Dutcher; clerk, J. E. Henry; treasurer, Jotham Howe; assessor, C. Phillips. 1850. Trustees, Buel Steams, Chauncey Fitch, Alanson Tilly; clerk, Elliott Stearns; treasurer, Jotham Howe; assessor, C. Phillips. 1851. Trustees, Samuel Daniels, Elias P. Usher, Caleb Cook; clerk, Geo. W. Thompson ; treasurer, William Eomp ; asses.'jor, Chauncey Fitch. 1852. Trustees, Samuel Daniels, E, P. Usher, Caleb Cook; clerk, G. W. Thompson; treasurer, Wm. Eomp; assessor, C. Fitch. 1853. Trustees, E. P. Usher, Peter Kidney, John Ames; clerk, G. W. Thompson; treasurer, J. Howe; assessor, C. Fitch. 18B4. Trustees, E. P. Usher, Chauncey Mead, Harvey Barnum; clerk, G. W. Thompson; assessor, Chauncey Fitch. 1855. Trustees, Cyrus P. Di-jden, Harvey Barnum, Eli Fitch; clerk, A. G. HoUister; treasurer, Henry S. Howe; assessor. C. C. Fitch. 1856. Trustees, Chauncey Fitch, Thomas Brown, Buel Stearns; clerk, N. H. Loomis; treasurer, Elisha Fitch; assessor, Francis Fitch. 1857. Trustees, C. Fitch, T. Brown, B. Stearns; clerk, N. P. Loomis; treasurer, E. Fitch ; assessor, F. Fitch. 1858. Trustees, Eastman Bradford, James P. Rice, C. E. Vaughn; clerk, Jas. H. Strong; treasurer, N. P. Loomis; assessor, C. C. Fitch. 1869. Trustees, C. E. Vaughn, Lewis Short, Charles Carpenter; clerk, J. H. Strong; treasui-er, Eastman Bradford; assessor, Buel Stearns. 1800. Trustees, Henry Eomp, O. C. Lawience, Eli Fitch; clerk, Rich- ard Pollard; treasurer, Elisha Fitch; assessor, C. C Fitch. 1861. Trustees, Calvin Geer, Luther Barnum, J. W. Fitch; clerk, O. W. Kendall; treasurer, C. P.'Dryden; assessor, Newell Nelson. 1862, Trustees. J. W. Fitch, H. Romp, Benoni Bartlett; clerk. John G. B'itch; trt-asui-er. Elisha Fitch; assessor, Buel Stearns. 186.'). Trustees, S. W. Fitch, H. Hofttyzer, Benj. Salisbui y ; clerk, John G. Fitch; treasurer, William W. Mead; assessor, Newell Nelson. 1864. Trustees, J. G. Fitch, G. W. Kennedy, C. R. Vaughn; clerk, N. P. Loomis; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Newell Nelson. 1865. Trustees, Chauncey Fitch, C. C, Fitch. Wm. Busby ; clerk, J. G. Fitch ; treasurer, Wm. W. Mead. 1866. Trustees, Eastman Bradford, Calvin Geer, Charles S. Underbill; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, G. W. Kennedy. 1867. Trustees, Eastman Bradford, Newman Pickard, Charles C. Fitch; clerk, J. G, Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Gardner Stearns. 1868. Trustees, C. C. Fitch, Benoni Bartlett, Lester B radford; clerk, AsahelOsbom; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Gardner Stearns. 1869. Trustees, O. P. Smith, J, R. Ruple, Elisha Fitch; clerk. Asahel Osborn; treasurer. W. W. Mead; assessor, James E, Shaw. 1870. Trustees, Calvin Geer, David H. Barnard, Benj, Salisbury; clerk, A, Osborn; treasurei-, W. W. Mead; assessor, E. T. Elliot, 1871. Trustees, B. Salisbury, Lester Bradford, O. P. Smith; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor. Gardner Stearns. 1872. Trustees, D. H. Barnard, C. C. Fitch, Wm. J. Camp; clerk, Heniy Northrop; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, Joel Hall. 1873. Trustees, D. H. Barnard, C. C. Fitch, M. E. Baker; clerk, E, Pollard; treasurer, W. W. Mead; assessor, E. T. Elliot. 1874 Trustees, Wm. J. Camp, Jas. Hicky, Wm. Busby; clerk, Rich- ard Pollard ; treasurer, Wm. W. Mead ; assessor, Lawrence Bramle.y. 1875. Trustees, Wm. Busby, G. W. Kennedy, L. C. Taney; cltrk, Henry Northrop; treasurer, Geo. R. Dryden; assessor, Lawrence Bramley. 1876. Trustees, Clayton !-harp, G. W. Kennedy, L. C. Taney; clerk, Henry Northrop ; treasurer, G. B , Dryden ; assessor, Henry Romp. 1877. Trustees, Clayton Sharp, Wm. T. Williams, John Hull; clerk, J. G. Fitch; treasurer, G, B. Dryden; assessor. G. W. Kennedy. 1878. Trustees, Clayton Sharp, Wm. T. Williams, William Daniels; clerk, W. D. Bennett; treasurer, G. B. Dryden; assessor, Erastus Libby. 1879. Trustees. Clayton Sharp, W , F. Williams, W. W. Darrald ; clerk_ W. D. Bennett; treasurer, George B. Diyden; assessor, Erastus Libby. David Jolmsoii Stearns, the subject of our sketch, was born; he being the second of eleven children. In 1815 David J. Stearns emigrated to Ohio, and settled on " Butternut Ridge," in Kingston, now DAVID JOHNSON STEARNS. Eliphalet Stearns was of English descent, and was a captiiin in the American forces during the Revolu- tion. His son Elijah, a native of Massachusetts, served with him, acting at first as his servant, but being afterward promoted to a lieutenancy, in which capacity he rendered zealous service in the cause of liberty. After his discharge at the close of the war, he located at Dover, Vermont, where in the year 1793 Olmstead, where he bought a tract of land, and cut the first tree, for the purpose of improvement, that was felled on the ridge. In February, 1819, he was married to Polly Barnum, of Pernsburg, Vermont, by whom he had eight children. Mr. Stearns was elected town clerk in 1823, and held the office for seven years without remuneration. In 1831 he was elected township trustee, serving two years, and he also acted as assessor one year. Politi- cally he has always been a Democrat. In religion he is a Univeralist, having been a member of that church sixteen years. Mr. Stearns remains a fair representa,tive of pioneer days, contented to have been a successful farmer, free from ostentation, and de- voted to the best interests of the people around him. Being in fair health and good spirits, he enjoys life even in his old age, and the burden of his eighty-six years, rests very lightly upon him. CHAPTER LXXXI. OEAWGE. Date of Settlement^Thomas King in 1818— Names of those then there- Description of the Township— Organization— First OtHcers — List of Voters in 1820— Seth Mapes— Amos Boynton— Dr, Witter— Ralph Arnold — No Mills, nor Stores — Abram Garfield— James A. Garfield— The First Store— Formation of Chagrin Falls— Area taken from Orange— Pro- gressive Changes— Present Situation— Cheese Factories— Mills— Stores —Methodist Church at the Center— Methodist Church on the Hill- Bible Christian Church— North Orange Disciple Church— South Orange Disciple Church— Free Will Baptist Church— Principal Township Officers. Immediately after the close of the war of 1812-15, a few emigrants moved into township seven, range 492 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ten, of the Western Eesene, the greater part of which is now comprised in the civil township of Orange. The first who located himself in township ten, wasSerenns Bnrnet, who settled on the Chagrin river in 1815, but he was in that part which has since been included in the township of Chagrin Falls. We a]-e unable to fix with absolute certainty the exact date of the first arrival in that portion of number ten which now belongs to Orange, but believe it to have been in 1816. To a greater extent than in most townships, the old settlers of Orange have passed by death and emigration. Its oldest surviving pioneer is now Mr. Thomas King, of Orange Hill, whom we have consulted in regard to the early history of the township, but whose unfortunate and extreme deaf- ness made it impossible to obtain more than the most meager details. Mr. King settled where he now i-esides in 1818. The only residents of the present township of Orange which he found at that time, were the families of Jesse Kimball, Eufus Parsons, John White and Theron White, all being on tlie high ground in the north part of the township. These families had been there at least one year at that time, and some of them he thinks two years; which is the reason why we fix the year 1816 as the probable date of the first settle- ment in the present township of Orange. The western part of that township was composed of the narrow valley of the Chagrin river, running al- most due north across it. Separated from this valley by a high, steep hill was a broad extent of high land, known as Orange Hill, comprising nearly all the northern part of the township. The land descended gradually to the south, and the portion south of the central line was only of moderate hight, but was yet composed of dry and somewhat broken ground, free from every suspicion of swampiness. U'he soil was gravelly, with some clay, and, when covered with its native, heavy growth of beech, maple, oak, elm, etc., presented a more alluring appearance to the pioneers than some more fertile regions, made unwholesome by frequent swamps and miasmatic exhalations. As has been observed, all the first settlers located on the Hill, evidently determined to secure a healthful situa- tion as the first consideration. The newcomers went to work zealously, making clearings around their cabins, planting, sowing and reaping grain while the stumps still showed the marks of the axe, and obtaining ample supplies of wild mut- ton and woodland pork from the deer and bear which abounded on all sides of them. Several other settlers came during 1818 and 1819, and in the spring of 1820 it was determined to have a new civil township. The requisite order was made by the county commission- ers on the 7th of June in that year: the name of "Orange" was selected for the new township, which then comprised survey- townships six and seven in range ten, being the whole of the present Solon and Orange, and the greater part of Chagrin Falls. The first election was held at the house of Daniel E. Smith, on the 27th of the same month, when the following officers were chosen: Trustees, Eber M. Waldo, Caleb Litch, Edmund Mallet; clerk, David Sayler; treasurer, D. E. Smith; lister, EberM. Waldo; appraiser, Lawrence Huff; overseers of the poor, Thomas King, Serenus Burnet; fence viewers, William Weston, Seruyn Cleaveland; supervisors of highways, E. Mallet, Eufus Parsons, Caleb Litch, Thomas Eobinson. These were all residents of snr- vey-township number seven, as number six was not settled until the fall of that year, and all but the Bur- nets, and possibly one or two others, resided in the present township of Orange. Although we have been somewhat troubled about learning the facts in relation to the very first settle- ment, we have been very fortunate in ascertaining the condition of the township at a little later period; for the first town-book shows in the record for 1822, a full list of those who cast their votes at the election ou the 20th of May of that year. These were as follows: Peter Gardinier, Jonathan Covey, Edward Covey, Jesse Kimball, Jacob Gardinier, Isaac Safler, Sylva- nus L. Simpson, William Weston, Caleb Alvord, Na- thaniel Goo Jspeed, Thomas King, Seruyn Cleaveland, Lewis Northrop, Clarimond Herriman, Benjamin Jenks, Nathaniel Sherman, Joseph Watson, Amaziah Northrop, Daniel E. Smith, Jacob Hutchins, Jedediah Buxton, Daniel S. Tyler, Asa Woodward, Silas T. Dean, Ansel Jerome, Luman Gris wold, Serenus Burnet, Ephraim Towne, Benjamin Hardy, Cornelius Mills- paugh, Abel Stafford, Caleb Fitch, John G. White, James Fisher. The whole number was thirty-six. Besides these there were several whose names have previously been given, and who were evidently absent from the' polls, so that there must have been between forty and fifty voters in the township; indicating a population of about three hundred inhabitants. The three or four settlers in the south part of number six, who then constituted the whole population of the present town- ship of Solon were evidently of the unanimous opin- ion that it was not worth their while to go so far through the woods to election, for none of their names appear on the list. From 1822 the increase of popu- lation seems to have been decidedly slow during several years; for in 1828 only thirty votes were cast. Seth Mapes settled in the south part of the town- ship in 1827, where his son, John D. Mapes, was long a prominent citizen. In 1829 Amos Boyntou, who had been a resident of the county (in Newburg) since 1818, located himself about a mile and a half south of Orange Center, on the farm still occupied by his widow and his son, Mr. H. B. Boynton. Mrs. Boyn- ton states that when they came, the township was still almost a wilderness. The road running north and south through the center had been laid out but ha,d not been worked. Dr. Witter was then prac- ticing medicine at Orange Center, where he had been for two or three years, being the first physician in the township. OEANGE. 493 The same year, 1829, Ralph Arnold settled in the locality, where he has since resided, in the southwest part of the township, he being now one of the oldest of the "old settlers." There was then no store, hotel nor mill in the present township, though there had been a very poor little gristmill on the river, which had been speedily abandoned. Most of the settlers took their grain to be ground at a little log mill, situated near the present village of Chagrin Falls. Deer were still numerous in the forest, and "the wolf's long howl" nightly menaced danger to any sheep which should be found outside of a well-fenced yard. In 1824 Abrani Garfield, a half-brother of Amos Boynton, settled on the farm adjoining that of the latter, and there, in the year 1831, while the primeval forest still 'stood close around his father's log cabin, was born a child destined to become, before reaching the age of fifty years, one of the foremost statesmen of America — James A. Garfield. A youth spent amid the hardships of pioneer days strengthened his phys- ical frame without cramping his mind, and from the time he left his father's farm in early youth until the present date, whether in military or civil life; whether as preacher, college-president, general, politician or statesman, his career has been one of almost uninter- rupted success. The first store in Orange was established near where the " Bible Christian " church now stands, west of the center, about 1835. It was kept up three or four years. About the time it was closed, a Mr. Bymont opened a store on the town-line of Warrensville, which was maintained about the same length of time as the other one. By this time the village of Cha- grin Falls was doing a considerable business, and the farmers of Orange generally went thither to do their trading, except when they visited the growing city of Cleveland. In the year 1845 the township of Chagrin Falls was formed, embracing, (besides a part of Solon and Geauga county) all that part of Orange comprised in the first division of tract number three except lots one, two and three in that division. The area of the section thus taken from Orange lacked a trifle of two and a half square miles; leaving a little over twenty- two and a half square miles within the boundaries of that township. Since that time Orange has contained nothing that could be called even a small village. Its existence has passed in the peaceful pursuits of a thoroughly agricultural community. Its annals are therefore, of necessity, brief. Between 1840 and 1850 occurred the principal part of the change which must always take place in every new country when the log houses give way to framed ones, and the section passes from the pioneer period to the farming period. Only a few log houses lingered after 1850. When treason assailed the nation's life the sons of Orange did their full part with the rest of the soldiers of Cuyahoga county, and their names will be found among those of their respective regiments in the gen- eral history of the county. Since the war the township has been largely de- voted to dairying, and there are now three cheese factories in it; that of J. P. Whitlam, at Orange Cen- ter; that of M. A. Lander, about two miles southwest of the center, and that of David Sheldon on Chagrin river, two miles east of the center. The steam saw- mills of James Graham near Chagrin river and close to the township of Chagrin Falls, and that of John Stoneman a mile west of the center are the only man- ufacturing establishments in the township. Orange Center consists of a small store, three or four houses, a Methodist church and a post office. North Solon post office, notwithstanding its name, is also situated in Orange township, half a mile east from its southwest corner. A store was opened there in 1860 by Mr. Elbridge Morse. In 1863 he sold it to G. G. Arnold, the present proprietor, who had for three or four years previously been keeping a store near the residence of his father, Ralph Arnold. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (GRANGE CENTER). This church was organized in 1839. The first members were P. C. Gordon, Mary A. Gordon, Henry Gordon, Alanson Smith, Henrietta Smith, Jesse Luce, Sophia H. Luce, Sophia Weller, Reese Bowel, Mar- garet Bowel, William Case, William Lander, Mary A. Lander, Caroline Lander, Ansel Lander, Abigail Lan- der, Clarissa Hennessy, Ferris Thorp, Sarah Garden- ier, J. J. Hennessy, William Henuessy. Henry Gor- don was the first class-leader. Rev. Mr. Halleck was the first pastor. Meetings were held at the school-house and at the residence of members until 1868, when the present neat framed edifice was erected. There are now about seventeen members. The following have been the pastors since Mr. Halleck, on this circuit, with the years in which their services began, as fully as could be ascertained from the scanty records: William P. Wilson and Hiram Kellogg, 1841; Timothy Goodwin and Lorer- zo Rogers ; S. C. Freer andR. H. Hurlbut, 1849; Lake, 1852; E. Lattamore and Benjamin Excell, 1853; William Patterson and S. Reynolds, 1854; William Patterson and A. Fonts, 1855; WiUiam Lum and J. B. Hammond, 1857; Thomas Gray, 1858; Hiram Kellogg, 1859; Cyril Wilson, 1860; M. Wil- liams, 1862; J. K. Mendenhall, 1863; Albert Norton, 1865; Rev. Mr. Warner, 1867; Rev. Mr. Brown, 1869; Rev. Mr. RadclifEe, 1870; Robert Gray, 1871; Hiram Kellogg, 1872; Rev. Mr. Darrow, 1875; Samuel Col- lins, 1876; George Johns, 1877; F. L. Chalk, 1878. THE METHODIST CHURCH ON ORANGE HILL. Preaching was held there by the Methodists as early as 1830. A small church was organized, and in 1847 a framed house of worship was erected. The church edifice belongs to Warrensville circuit, which also includes the one at Orange Center, and when there has been preaching on the hill, it has been by the 494 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ministers named above, in the sketch of the church at the center. There are now but a small number of members on the ]]ill, and the services are not nu- merous. THB BIBLE CHRISTrAN- CHURCH. A " Protestant Methodist" church was organized among the people of the central part of Orange as early as 1840, or before. After a time the members largely adopted the views of the •' Bible Christian sect/' and the church was reorganized under that name. About 1848 a small church building was erected, wliere the cemetery now is, a mile west of Orange Center. Here the congregation worshiped until 1865, when the present more commodious edi- fice was built, a httle west of the former location. The system of the " Bible Christians " is very much the same as that of the Methodists, and this church was in the same circuit with Chagrin Falls until 1873, when it was connected in a circuit with two churches in Warren sville. Eev. George Pippin was the first Bible Christian preacher who oflSciated in Orange. He was followed by Eev. Messrs. Hodge, Roach, Pinch, Hooper, Colwell, Wicket, Chapel, Tethna, Johns, etc. Eev. George Johns was pastor from 187-3 to 1876; Rev. George Bodle from 1876 to 1878; and Rev. Herman Moon became pastor in 1878. THE NORTH ORANGE DISCIPLE CHURCH. This church was formed on the 38th day of July, 1845, with fifteen members. The first elders were William T. Hutchinson and Ira Rutherford. For about fifteen years the church flourished, and tlie number of members increased to thirty, but during and since the war they have largely migrated to otlier parts, and the oi'ganization has been broken up. SOUTH ORANGE DISCIPLE CHURCH. This was formed on the 2nd day of March, 1845. Amos Boynton and Z. Smith were the first overseers. Like tlie Noj-th Orange church, it flourished for a time, but emigration and other causes were too power- ful disorganizers to be successfully withstood. THE FREE WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. The members of this organization reside in Orange and Solon, mostly in the vicinity of the hue between tlie two townships. There were services held by preachers of this faith for many years before the church was organized, which event occurred on the 25th day of April, 1868. The Eev. W. Whitacre was tlie first minister; John Wentmore and Josei^h A. Burns the first deacons; Wm. JMills, J. A. Burus and .John Wentmore the first trustees. Mr. Whitacre continued as pastor until 1873, when he was succeeded by Rev. J. C. Steele. A framed church was built in 1870, on the north side of the town line road, half a mile east of North Solon post oflRce. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. (obtained from the keooeds.) 1830. Trustees, Eber M. Waldo, Caleb Liteh, Edmund Mallett; clerk, David Lafler; tieasurer, D. R Smith; lister, Eben M. Waldo; appraiser, Lawrence Huff; overseers of the poor, Thomas King, Serenus Burnet. 1823. Trustees, Caleb Alvord, Benj. Hardy, Thos. King; clerk, James Fisher; lister, John G. White; appraiser, Edmund Mallett; treasurer, Caleb Litch. 1823. Trustees, Seruyn Cleavoland, N. Goodspeed, Jas. Fisher; clerk, C. Alvord; treasurer, D. R. Smith; lister, D. R. Smith; appraiser, C. Litch; overseers of poor, Thomas King, Edward Covey, 1824, Trustees, S. Cleaveland, N, Goodspeed, J, Fisher; clerk, C. Al- vord; treasurer, D. R, Smith; lister, C, Alvord; appraiser, Serenus Bur- net; oveiseers of poor, S, Cleaveland, E, Covey. 1835, Trustees, N, Goodspeed, S. Burnet, Samuel ISull; clerk, C. Al- vord; treasurer, Edward Covey; lister, Theron White; appraiser, Jede- diah Burton; overseers of poor, S, Cleaveland, D, R, Smith, 1826, Trustees, E, Covey, S, Burnet, Jonathan Cole; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, S. Cleaveland; overseers of poor, D, R. Smith, C. Litch, 1827, Trustees, S. Burnet, J, Cole, E, Covey; clerk, A, Young; treas- urer, Thos, King; overseers of poor, J. Burton, Jonathan Covey, 1828, Trustees, Jas. Fisher, C. Litch S, Cleaveland. 1829, Trustees, Lawrence Huff, Isaac Eames, William Luce; clerk, C. Alvord; treasurer, E, Covey; overseers of poor, S. Burnet, J, Cole, 1830, Trustees, E, Covey, J, Witter, D. R, Smith; clerk, C. Alvord; treasurer, S, Cleaveland; ove. seers of poor, T. King, C, Litch, 18.31, Trustees, Jas. Fisher, Fred 'k Mallet, Wm, Smith; clerk Samuel G, Harger; treasurer, S. Cleaveland; overseers of poor, C. Litch, E, Covey. 1832. Trustees, Amos Boynton, Jas. Fisher, L. Huff; clerk, S, G, Harger; treasurer, E. Covey; overseers of {.oor, C, Litch, T, King, 1&33, Trustees, C. Litch, A, I oynton, L. Huff; clerk, S. G. Harger; treasurer, Wm. Luce ; overseers of poor, E, Covey, S. I urnet, 1834. Trustees, Saxton R. Rathbun, Cyrus Phelps, Joseph Cline; clerk, Michael G. Hickey; treasurer, Wm. Lander; overseers of poor, Wm. Luce, L. Huff, 1835. Tiustees, E. Covey. S. Burnet, A. Boynton; clerk, C. Alvord; treasurer, Wm, Lander; overseers of poor, Henry Abel, Ethan Wait. 1836. Ti-ustees, M, G. Hickey, S. R. Rathbun, E. Burnet; clerk Cyrus Phelps; treasurer, Wm. Lander; overseers of poor, Thos, King, Phares Thorp, 1837. Trustees, S, R. Rathbun, Cotton J. Pratt, Samuel Nettleton; clerk, Henry W. Gox'don; treasurer, Wm, Lander; overseers of poor P, Thorp, L, Huff, 1838. Trustees, J, Cole, C, J, Pratt, H. Abel; clerk, Elbridge Smith; treasurer, Wm, Lander; overseers of poor, G, Thorp, Asabel Jerome. 1839. Trustees, J. t ole, C, J, Pratt, S. Nettleton; clerk, L D, Williams; treasurer, C, J. Pratt; overseers of poor, Phares Thorp, Elestus Arnold, 1840. Trustees, J, Cole, S, NettleLou, Howard S. Allen; clerk, L. D. Williams; treasurer, Wm. Lander; overseers of poor, Samuel Robin- son, Edmund Burnet. 1841. Trustees, H. Church, Asabel Green, H. Abel; clei-k, C. T. Blakeslee; treasurer, Stephen Burnet; overseers of poor, Wm, Luce, Thos, Marlett, 1842. Trustees, H. Church, H, S. Allen, B. Hardy; clerk, J. Cole; treasurer, S. Burnet; overseers of poor, Ethan Wait, Orson Cathan, 1843. Trustees, H, Church, H. S. Allen, B. Hardy; clerk, S. Burnet; treasurer, Noah Graves; overseer of poor, S. Burnet, Jesse Luce. 1844. Trustees, J, Cole, E. Wait, Zadock Bowell; clerk, C. Alvord; treasurer, T. King; overseer of poor, Geo Fankell, B. Hardy. 1845. Trustees, Elestus Arnold, E. Burnet, B, Hardy; clerk, Thomp- son Willett; treasurer, John Whitlaw: assessor, James Handerson. 1846. Trustees, E, Burnet, J, D. Mapes, Benj. Sheldon; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, John Whitlaw; assessor, E Smith. 1847. Trustees, J, D, .Mapes, Abram Tibbits, B. Sheldon; clerk, P, C. Gordon; treasurer, H. S. Allen; assessor, John Whitlaw. 1848. Trustees, A. Tibbits, H, Doloff, E, Burnet; clerk, P, C, Gordon; treasurer, H. S. Allen ; assessor. A, Smith, 1849. Trustees, A, TiLbits, H, Doloff, Wm, Smith; clerk, P, C, Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, J, Handerson, 1850. Trustees, H. Abel, J. Cole, S. Burnet; clerk, P. C, Gordon; treas- urer, Wm. Lander; assessor, J, Handerson. 1831, Trustees, Henry Abel, Zenas Smith, S, Burnet; clerk, P. 0. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; .tssessor, Thomas Colby, 1852. Trustees, E, Arnold, C. Gates, C, Cole; clerk, P, C, Gordon; treasurer, John Whitlaw; assessor, Thomas Colby. 1853. Trustees, John McLane, Jason H, Luce, Amos Boynton; clerk, Wm. Stoneman; treasurer, Richmond Barber; assessor, Silas T, Dean, 1854. Trustees, S. Burnet, H. Abel, T. Willett; clerk, P. C, Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, S. J. Smith. 1855. Trustees, A, McVeigh, J. McLane, J. D, Mapes; clerk, P. C. Gordon; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, Wm, Stoneman, 1856. Trustees, John D. Mapes, C, Cole, A, McVeigh; clerk, P. C, Gordon; treasurer, Wm, Lander; assessor, Christopher Jackson. orAHge. 495 1857. Trustees, J. D. Mapes, Wm. Luce, Chas. Gates; clerk, P. C, Gordon; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Christopher Jackson. 1858. Trustees, A. Jerome, E. Lewis, H. Baster; clerk, P. C, Gordon; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Christopher Jackson. 1859. Trustees, John Whitlock, J. Bray. P. Farr; clerk, T. McVeigh; treasurer, Wm. Lander; assessor, Christopher Jackson. 1860. Trustees, Henry Price, Horace Rudd, F. Judd; clerk, W. P. Luce; treasurer, H. B. Boynton; assessor, Christopher Jackson. 1861. Trustees, H. Price, E. B. Pike, K. Lewis; clerk, W. P. Luce; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Christopher Jackson. 1862. Trustees, E. B. Pike, Wm. Lander, H. Abell; clerk, W. P. Luce; treasurer. H. Price; assessor, Francis Eowe. 1863. Trustees, Wm. Lauder, L. Sawyer, H. Rudd; clerk, C. Jackson; treasurer, H. Price; assessor, F. Rowe. 1864. Trustees, H. Rudd, L. Sawyer, Alonzo Cathan; clerk, H. B. Boynton; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, F. Eowe. 1865. Trustees, J. Burton, E. B. Pike, H. B. Boynton; clerk, H. W Gordon; treasurer, J. H, Luce; assessor, E. Murfet. 1866. Trustees, Edwin Mapes, T. M. Veigh, F. Rowe; clerk, H. W. Gordon; assessor, E. Murfet. 1867. Trustees, D. C. Kimball, Wm. Stoneman, L. Underwood; clerk, Charles Jackson; treasurer, J. H. Luce; assessor, Edward Murfet. 1868. Trustees, J . M. Burgess, Edwin Mapes, Jedediah Burton ; clerk. Chas. Jackson ; treasurer, J. H. Luce ; assessor, F. Eowe. 1869. Trustees, J. M. Burgess, A. Tibbits, E. Mapes; clerk, Charles Jai'kson; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, E. Murfet. 1870. Trustees, John Whitlaw, J. Baster, Elestus Arnold; clerk, Chas. Jackson; treasurer, Wm. Stoiieman; assessor, E. Murfet. 1871. Trustees, John Whitlaw, E. Arnold, Wm. Lander; clerk, Chas Jackson; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. 1873. Ti-ustees, S. J. Burnett, H. Eudd, Edwin Mapes; clerk, T. Wil- lett; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, Chas. Stone. 1874. Treasurer, H. W. Gordon, J. Q. Lalnder, E. B. Pike; clerk, T. Willett; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, Chas. Stone. 1875. Trustees, H. W. Gordon, J. Q. Lander, B. B. Pike; clerk, M. J. Roberts; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, J. H. Gates. 1876. Trustees, H. W. Gordon, E. Mapes, J. Burnet; clerk, P. H. Baker; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman ; assessor, E. Miirf et, Jr. 1877. Trustees, J. M. Burgess, J. J. Burton, A. Stevens; clerk, Edwin Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. 1878. Trustees, C. L. Jackson, A. O. Stevens, J. M. Burgess; clerk, E. Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. 1879. Tmstees, Henry Abell, Wm. Whitlaw, Charles Thomas; clerk, E. Mapes; treasurer, Wm. Stoneman; assessor, M. A. Lander. AMOS BOYNTON.* Caleb Boynton, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Massachusetts. We know but little of his genealogy or early history, but we find him in "Worcester, Otsego county. New York, early in this century. There he married Asenath Garfield, the widow of Thomas Garfield, and the mother, by her two husbands, of thirteen children. Four of these were Garfields: Polly, Betsey, Abram and Thomas; Abram being the father of Hon. James A. Garfield. Her children by Mr. Boynton were Anna, Amos, Martin, Nathan, Alpha, Calista, Jerry, Wil- liam and John. In 1808 he removed with Jiis family to Madrid, St. Lawrence county, New York. In 1818, in company with his son Amos, he made a win- ter journey in a sleigh to Ohio, whither he was fol- lowed by the remainder of his family the next spring. He made his home in Independence, Cuyahoga county, where he died in 1831. He was a soldier in the war of 1813. Amos Boynton, the second child of Caleb and Ase- nath Boynton, was born in Worcester, Otsego county, New York, on the 9th day of September, 1805. He lived with his father in Independence, until the death of the latter, when at thfe age of seventeen, he com- menced life for himself. He was employed for some *By B. A. Hinsdale, A.M., President of Hiram College. time on the construction of the Erie canal, and as- sisted his half-brother, Abram Garfield, several years in carrying out a large contract on the Ohio canal. On the 17th of October, 1836, he married Alpha Ballou, a younger sister of the wife of Abram Garfield. These two women belonged to the well-known Ballou family of New England; their father being James Ballou, of Cumberland, Ehode Island, and their mother Mehitable Ingalls, of Richmond, New Hamp- shire. Mrs. Boynton was the youngest of six children, and was born in the same town as her mother, May 19, 1806. In 1839 Abram Garfield and Amos Boynton pur- chased each a small farm in Orange, Cuyahoga county, and on these farms they established their families. Their new homes were three miles from the present town of Chagrin Palls, and four miles from the vil- lage of Solon, but neither of those places then existed, and all around them was the almost unbroken wilder- ness, abounding in the wild animals so often men- tioned in this history. Their nearest neighbors were the Mapes family, a mile distant; the next nearest were in the north part of the township, nearly three miles distant. The two sturdy men, earnestly seconded by their devoted wives, fell to work to clear up their farms, and to build up their homes. Mr. Garfield lived but four years; he died in 1833, leaving his four small children to the care of their mother. Mr. Boynton lived to clear up his farm, to rear a family, and to see the wilderness of 1839 transformed into a culti- vated land, covered by the homes of a numerous, thrifty, and happy population. But his struggle with nature was too much for his powei's; his health broke down by degrees, and he was compelled to relinquish his business little by little until, in the spring of 1866, he left the farm and removed to Cleveland, in search of that rest which he so much needed. The quest was van; his native force was too much abated; he was taken with a lingering and painful illness, and died December 3, 1866, .in the sixty-second year of his age. Mr. Boynton was the father of seven children: Wil- liam A. Boynton, who died at the age of twenty-nine; Henry B., a farmer, now residing on the old home- stead; Harriet A., now Mrs. Clark, of Bedford; Phebe M., now Mrs. Clapp, of Hiram; Silas A., a distin- guished physician of Cleveland; Mary C, now Mrs. Arnold, of Grand Rapids, Michigan; and Bentley, who died at the age of fourteen months. Mrs. Boyn- ton, the companion of his forty years of married life, survived him, and still lives, honored and beloved, in the home of her husband's planting. The outline which has been thus sketched is the framework of a life and character well worthy of care- ful study. Amos Boynton was of medium size, of vigorous and enduring physical powers, and of clear, strong, and well-poised mind. His opportunities for obtaining the education of schools were quite limited; being 496 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. those of his time and State. He closely read the few books within his reach, but the one book that he kneio was the Bible. His farm and family were the center of his life. He was a tireless worker, a close economist and a painstaking father. He was meth- odical in all things, to minuteness. His farm was the best kept in the neighborhood, his products went to market in the best order and commanded the best prices. In his business dealings he was honest to a farthing, and required men to be equally honest with him. He had an invincible abhorence of everything like sham or false appearance; he had no idea of making money by trade or speculation, and the competence that he gathered was the slow result of hard labor and small savings. When he began life for himself the modern instruments for making pi'operty did not exist. Boundless nature lay about him; he had himself, and that was all. He must work ceaslessly and save care- fully, or live in poverty. Still, his heart always strongly responded to the calls of the poor, the suffer- ing and the oppressed. In the community, he stood a standard of truth, honesty and justice. He also watched carefully over his children. Aided by his wife, who had herself been a teacher, he instilled into them a desire for education, and all but the one who died in infancy were at some time teachers. He gave them habits of industry, and implanted in their minds the great law of morals and the sentiments of religion. In the early pioneer times the use of intoxicating beverages was almost universal. The social cup was considered an indispensable part of hospitality. For one man alone to break through a universal custom and to practice and advocate temperance required much courage and strength of character. This Mr. Boynton did, in spite of the ridicule of nearly all his acquaintances, and he lived to see the good fruits of his worthy example. Intemperance and jprofanity were unknown in his family circle. Soon after removing to Orange, Mr. Boynton became interested in the subject of religion. Elder Adamson Bentley, a minister of the Disciple church, moved to a locality within two or three miles of Mr. Boynton, and the latter was strongly drawn toward the gospel as held by that church. He was baptized by Elder Bentley on profession of faith in the year 1832, and continued a consistent and active Christian until his death. He was successively a member of three con- gregations — at Orange, at Solon and Cleveland, and was an officer in two of them. His knowledge of the bible was large and accurate. For years he carried a new testament in his pocket, and many a time he sat on his plow reading it while his team was resting. He was in no sense a polemic, but he did not hesitate, on occasions, to defend his cherished views against attacks, whether by unbeliev- ers or by those whom he regarded as errorists. Nor was he an antagonist to be despised. Numerous anec- dotes showing his powers in conversational contro- versy are still told. In the little neighborhood churchj over which he presided as overseer, he was a public teacher of religion — plain, practical and scriptural. His clear insight, sense of justice, weight of charac- ter and religious spirit, made him a valued counselor, and he was often called on to aid neighboring churches in composing their difficulties; his good offices being sometimes needed to mediate between prominent min- isters who had become estranged. He was, as might be expected, a devout believer in Divine Providence, and from the beginning of the great rebellion, he adhered constantly to the belief that the Nation would triumph and that slavery would cease to exist. No better gauge of a life can be found than its in- fluence upon men, collectively and individually. It is not too much to say that Amos Boynton's spirit, in good degree, passed into the neighborhood where he resided. His industry, thrift, integrity and devotion to the true and genuine, constantly challenged imita- tion. After the death of Abram Garfield in 1833. Mr. Boynton stood in a peculiarly close and interesting relationship to the family of the deceased. General Garfield gratefully recognizes these obligations, and speaks in strong terms of appreciation of the extent and kind of his uncles' influence upon himself. Los- ing his father when but a year and a half old, living for the most part with his mother and sisters, deprived at home of that contact with a man which an enter- prising boy so much needs, young Garfield naturally received strong and wholesome impressions from his uncle. This came, partly in the way of wise counsel and direction, but more, probably, in the form of that unconscious influence which works so silently, yet so powerfully. This hard-worked farmer found time to aid the young men of the neigh oorhood in organizing and maintaining a debating society and he frequently took part as a critic and guide in the efforts of his children and their young associates to " think on their feet" and defend their opinions. He was frequently made the judge of their debates, and his approval was a re- ward worthy of their best efforts. A critic would have no difficulty in pointing out defects in Mr. Boynton's character, but it would bean unprofitable and uiigrateful service. The more pro- nounced of these defects were due to two causes — his native type of character, and his environment. His type was that created in the school of John Calvin: strong, deep, narrow, just, true, sevei-e. He was one of the last of the Puritans. Then, either circum- stances or inclination made him a pioneer. In some respects his surroundings strongly marked his mind; in others he rose superior to them. Had he lived a half century later, he would have had larger views, more cultivation, and a mellower spirit; but his great traits would have been the same. His type — the Pio- neer engrafted on the Puritan — is passing away, in- deed is almost gone; but before it vanishes it should be faithfully painted in all its lights and shadows, for the PAEMA. 497 benefit of posterity. This slsctch has been prepared in the hope that it will have some value not only as the story of a worthy man, but as a study of life and character. CHAPTER LXXXII. FABMA. Boundaries— Population and Physical Characteristics— Early Settle- ment— Benajah Fay— Conrad Countryman— Peletiah Bliss— Walking to Connecticut for a Bride— A Large Accesson— Emerson, Hodgman, Nicholas, Small and Steele— Asher and Benjamin Norton— Ruf us Scovil —Samuel Freeman— Early Hardships— Numerous Hunts— Scarcity of Grass- First Birth, Death and Marriage— Roads— The Harrison Proces- sion— An Irate Democrat — Formation of Parma — First Ofacers— List of Ofttcers- Religious Matters— Free Will Baptist Church- -First Presby- terian Church— St. Paul's Church— St. John's Church— Church of the Holy Trinity. Parma, one of the youngest townships in Cuya- hoga, covers an area of five miles square, being the territory of survey-township six, in range thirteen. Brooklyn township lies on the north, Royalton on the south. Independence on the east, and Middleburg on the west. Of the population of fifteen hundred, re- ported by the last census, full two-thirds are estimated to be Germans and other foreigners — the former largely predominating, and manifesting their usual energy as thrifty, industrious husbandmen. They concentrate in settlements, have churches of their own, and, although somewhat clannish, are liberally represented in the administration of public affairs. The surface of the township on the north and west is generally level, but on the east is elevated and un- dulating. The soil is of a clayey character, and is handsomely productive. Fruit is grown with success, but general farm products are the principal reliance of the inhabitants. Building and flag stones are ob- tained in considerable quantities, and of an excellent quality;. Cogswell's quarry being the most productive. Several mineral springs are also found in the town- ship, and from these considerable water, of alleged medicinal virtue, is annually forwarded to Cleveland and other points. Parma has no streams of any consequence, nor has it any railway communication within its own limits, although that convenience is near at hand. It con- tains a strictly agricultural community, and has no village within its borders. Nevertheless, its schools are excellent, its churches are plentiful, and the peo- ple generally appear to be in a prosperous condition. EARLY SETTLEMENT. In the division of the Western Reserve, or by sub- sequent sale, township six fell to various proprietors — Tuckerman, Cheny, Ely, Blake, Plympton and others, who early endeavored to promote settlement on their lands. In consequence, however, of the general impression that it was a swampy and unde- sirable region the owners found the task a diflacult one. Benajah Fay, a native of Massachusetts, who came out from Lewis county, New York, was the first set- tler in Greenbrier, as Parma was called before it was organized. In 1816 he located upon the Plympton tract. His family, consisting of himself, wife and twelve children, journeyed with an ox-team and one horse. Upon his arrival he had to cut a road through the woods to his farm. He opened a tavern in 1819 on the old stage road, in a double log house, opposite the present residence of J. W. Fay, which, as "B. Fay's Inn," was a famous landmark for many years. Mr. Fay was a man of mark in the new community, served in various local offices, and was always in high esteem as a useful and honored citizen. He built a framed tavern in 1836, and in 1833 replaced it with a brick one, which was the first brick house in the township. He died in April, 1860, aged eighty-five. In 1817 one Conrad Countryman, a "Mohawk Dutchman," took up a farm on the Ely tract, in the present township of Parma. Countryman lived in the western part, on the line on which afterwards ran the stage road between Cleveland and €olumbus. In time he put up a blacksmith shop and a sawmill, in both of which enterprises he was the first in the town- ship. Mr. Countryman's eldest son built a house on his father's farm, and kept " bachelor's hall " in the immediate neighborhood of his father and the rest of the family. Besides being a miller, blacksmith and farmer, Mr. Countryman also kept a tavern, and with all his avocations he managed to keep himself quite busy. He resided in Parma, or Greenbrier as it was then called, until 1826, when, with his family and entire possessions he moved farther west. Peletiah Bliss, a Connecticut Yankee, traveled afoot in 1818 from New England to Ohio, carrying a pack on his back, and seeking for a location in the boundless west. On reaching " Greenbrier " he was favorably impressed with it, and accordingly pur- chased fifty acres of land on the Ely tract, where he biiilt a shanty and soon made a clearing. Previous to making his western journey Bliss had determined to marry a certain fair young damsel of Connecticut as soon as he got matters well shaped in a new home. So, after laboring upon his clearing a few years, until he thought he had prepared a fitting home for his bride, he set out for Connecticut on foot, living, it is said, upon salt pork during the entire trip. He reached his destination in due time (that is, in due time by that kind of conveyance), married the girl of his heart, and with her returned to Greenbrier; the wedding tour being made in a lumber wagon drawn by an ox-team, owned by Edwin Foot, of Connecticut, who was himself on the way to Brooklyn, Ohio. Bliss resided in Parma until his death. He had but one child— a daughter— who moved to Michigan. The settlement of the township was very slow until late in 1831 when there was an important accession in the families of Asa Emerson, Amos Hodgman, Jesse Nicholas, Joseph Small and William Steele. These families had been neighbors in Maine and in 1817 had removed together to the West; having all settled, though separately, in southern Ohio. They kept up 63 498 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. communication with each other and, becoming dis- satisfied with their location in that region, they agreed to move north to ''Greenbrier." In 1821 they accordingly entered the township in company. Emerson, who had a family of nine children, bought seventy-five acres on the Tuckerman tract, having lived for a brief time with Conrad Country- man before effecting his purchase. Emerson was a carpenter as well as a farmer, and resided 'in Parma until his death, in 1855. Of his children, Oliver, Asa and Lucina (Mrs. Whitney) are still living in Parma. Amos Hodgman also settled upon the Tuckerman tract, where he resided until he died. Jesse Nicholas located upon the Ely tract, becoming a tavern-keeper and a farmer on the Columbus road. Joseph Small bought land on the Tuckerman tract and after a res- idence there of twenty-five years removed to Michi- gan. William Steele located on the Ely tract and died two years afterward, whereupon his widow re- turned to Maine; making the journey, it is said, on foot and alone. Of the members of the families above named, who came in 1831, the only ones now living in Parma are John Hodgman and Asa and Ol- iver S. Emerson, and they three are the earliest sur- viving residents of the township. Asher- Norton and family came from Vermont in 1823, and settled in the southeast corner of the town- ship. Mr. Norton lived there until 1863 when he removed to Brighton (in Brooklyn township) where he died. His brother Benjamin took up a farm ad- joining Asher's about the same time (1823) on which he remained until 1859, when he changed his resi- dence to Brecksville. Eufus Scovill, a brother-in-law of the Nortons, settled near them in 1823, and re- mained a resident of Pai'ma until his death. Nehe- miah Toms, who also married a sister of the Norton's, located near the latter in 1823, and there died. Ab- ner T. Beals, an early settler in Eoyalton, removed from that township to Parma in 1825, and, after re- maining a short time in the northern part, eventually settled on the Ely tract, on the line of the stage road. Mr. Beals resided in Parma until 1876 when he moved to Michigan, where he died. In 1825 Samuel Freeman, with his wife, ten chil- dren and a hired man, made the journey from Massa- chusetts to Ohio, via the Erie Canal and Lake Erie, and reached Benajah Fay's inn, in Greenbrier, on the night of Saturday, May 26, 1825 — twenty days after .leaving New England. Mr. Freeman bought a piece of land on the Plympton tract, and, while he was building a residence of his own he and his family lived for forty days in the newly-built barn of Bena- jah Fay. Mr. Freeman became a man of considerable local consequence in Parma. He was the fii'st justice of the peace, the first school-teacher and the first post- master. He took an active part in forwarding the religious interests of the little settlement, and was withal a citizen whose influence was always felt for good and whom his fellow citizens held in high regard. The early settlers in Parma experienced naturally the same difliculties, privations and trials usually en- countered by Western pioneers, and bore them with like fortitude. Indians did not trouble them, but savage beasts caused much annoyance, and grand hunts for bears and wolves, in which all the towns- men joined, were frequently resorted to, to get rid of the marauders. Even as late as 184-2 the ravages by wolves and bears were very serious, and in that year the people of Parma united in a general hunting party, and spent several days in waging a war of ex- termination against them. Good grass appears not to have been very plenti- ful in Parma for a considerable time after its settle- ment, as hay for the cattle had to be brought from Middleburg, little except browse being obtainable in Parma. Baking bread on a board before a wood fire and roasting meat by suspending it upon strings hung over the fire, were two of the customs of those prim- itive days. For some time tlie nearest gristmill was in Middleburg. It was not always easy to obtain wheat bread, but "johnny cake," made from corn ground in a home "stump mortar," did good service in its place. When Moses Towl built a gristmill on Big creek, in Parma, it was considered a great im- provement, and Mr. Towl was looked upon as a pub- lic benefactor. The first person born in Parma was Lucina, daugh- ter of Asa Emerson. Her birth occurred in March, 1823. In mature life she served with distinction for three years as hospital nurse in the Union army dur- ing the rebellion of 1861-65. The first death in the township was that of Isaac Emerson, a young man of seventeen, who died in the winter of 1823. He was buried on the Countryman place. The next deaths were those of William Steele and his child, who were buried near young Emerson's grave, on the banks of Big creek. When the ceme- tery on the Medina road was laid out the remains of Isaac Emerson were transferred thither, but the graves of Steele and his child were undisturbed, and their bones still lie upon the bank of the creek, although the spot is entirely unmarked. The first marriage ceremony was celebrated at the house of .Joseph Small, when his daughter Lois was wedded to Ephraim Fowls, of Middleburg. An at- tendant upon the occasion states that the event, al- though a novel one in the township, was an exceed- ingly quiet one. In March, 1827, the town was divided into road districts, the first being "two miles in width on the west side of the town and running a line through tlie town north and south parallel with the west line; the second running a north and south line through the town parallel with the east line; the third to in- clude the remainder of the town." The road now known as the Brighton and Parma plank road was at an early day the Cleveland and Columbus turnpike, over which there was a vast amount of travel, and upon which, within the limits PARMA. 499 of Parma, there wore four taverns. When William Henry Harrison was elected to the Presidency a band of his adherents in Cleveland mounted a canoe upon wheels, and escorted it over the turnpike to Co- lumbus, with much hilarious demonstration. When the procession reached the house of Asa Em- erson, in Parma, that worthy citizen, being an unflinching Democrat, was much disgusted with the Harrison display. He hastily hoisted one of his wife's red petticoats upon a broomstick, and marched defiantly alongside the big canoe, waving his flag and taunting the Harrisonians until the latter were seriously angered, and he thought best to desist, lest they should resort to violence. In April, 1827, one year after the township was organized, the treasurer reported that he had re- ceived in cash for road taxes in 1836 the sum of $16.84, and $11.38 in road certificates. The town- ship is believed to have been called Greenbrier before its organization on account of the abundance of that shrub in many places. York street was so named be- cause of the settlement along its line of a community from the State of New York. As already stated, the township is a purely agri- cultural one. The only manufacturing enterprises of cither early or late days were the following: William and Dudley Humphrey, who came to Parma from Connecticut in 1836, pursued for fifteen years, or until 1851, the manufacture of clock-cases, in which they set works procured from Connecticut. They then sold the clocks thi-ough the country, and dur- ing their residence in Parma they carried on quite an extensive business. ORGANIZATIOlSr. On the 7th of March, Greenbrier, whicli until then had been a portion of the civil township of Brooklyn, was formed into a separate township and given the name of Parma. The first township election was held on the first Monday in April, 1826, at the house of Samuel Freeman, on which occasion Asa Emerson, Jesse Nichols and David Adams were the judges of election; Peletiah Bliss and Oliver Emei'son were the clerks. The officers chosen were Peletiah Bliss, town- ship clerk; Asa Emerson, Samuel T. Varney and David Adams, trustees; Bensijah Fay and Jesse Nichols, overseers of the poor; Jolin Hodgman and Benjamin Norton, fence-viewers; Peletiah Bliss, treas- urer; Asher Norton and Amos Hodgman, super- visors of highways; Peter Countryman, constable. A list of the persons who have served the township as trustees, clerks and treasurers, from organization to 1879, are given below. 1826, Trustees, Asa Emerson, Sam'l T. Varney, David Adams; clerk, Peletiah Bliss; treasurer, Peletiah Bliss. 1887. Trustees, Benajah Fay. Sam'l Freeman, Asher Norton; clerk, Lyndon Freeman ; treasurer, David Adams. 1828. Trustees, Benajah Fay. Sam'l Freeman, Benjamin Norton ; clerk, David Adams; treasurer, Asa Fay. 1849. Trustees, Asher Norton, David Adams, Oliver Emerson; clerk, Kumar Adams ; treasurer, Jacob Countryman. 1830. Trustees, Thos. Adams, Asa Emerson, Benjamin Norton ; clerk_ Oliver Emerson; treasurer, Jacob Countryman. 1831. Trustees, Sam'l Freeman, Asher Norton. Peter Countryman; clerk, Lyndon Freeman; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 1832. Ti-ustees, Asher Norton, Daniel Greene, Oliver Emerson; clerk, John S. Greene ; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 1833. Trustees, Benjamin Norton, John Wheeler, Oliver Emerson! clerk, Reuben Emerson ; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 1884. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt, Dudley Roberts, Eufus Scovill; clerk, O. J. Tuttle; treasurer, Benajah Fay. 1835. Trustees, Benjamin Norton, Reuben Hurlburt, B. Snow; olerki Reuben Emerson; treasurer, Jos. W. Kilborn. 1836. Trustees, Barzilla Snow, Reuben Hurlburt, David Clark; clerk, Lyndon Freeman; treasurer, John A, Aokley. 1837. Trustees, David Clark, Reuben Hurlburt, Jeremiah Toms ; clerk, Reuben Emerson ; treasurer, Lewis Reynolds. 1838. Trustees, David Clark, Reuben Hurlburt, Alfred Cleveland; clerk, Henry K. Freeman; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1839. Trustees, Sam'l S. Ward, David Clark, Moses Fowls; clerk, Asa Emerson, Jr. ; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1810. Trustees, John J. Bigelow, Chas, Stroud, James Walling; clerk, F. F. Cogswell ; treasurer, Reuben Hurlburt. 1841. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt. I. J. Lockwood, Wm. Humphrey; clerk, Jas. M. Brown; treasurer, David Clark. 1842. Trustees, Reub»n Hurlburt, I. J. Lockwood; clerk, F. F. Cogs- well; treasurer, David Clark. 1843. Trustees, Reuben Hurlburt, Barzilla Snow, Lewis Roberts ; clerk, Jas. M. Brown; treasurer, Stephen Potter. 1844. Trustees, Asher Norton. Almanza Roberts, Moses Fowl; clerk, P. P. Cogswell; treasurer, John J. Bigelow. 1845. Trustees. Isaac Burnham, Almanz* Roberts, Alfred Cleaveland ; clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, Reuben Emerson. 1846. Trustees, Dudley S. Humphrey, Bela Norton Barzilla Snow; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1847. Trustees, Asher Norton, D. S. Humphrey, Moses Fowl; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1848. Trustees. Philip Henninger, Almanza Roberts, I. J. Lockwood; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1849. Trustees. Moses Fowl, David Clark, Daniel Stephan; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Jas. M. Brown. 1850. Trustees, Jas. M. Cogswell, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger; clerk. Palmer Snow ; treasurer, David Clark. 1851. Trustees, Philip Heninger, Alfred Cleaveland; clerk. Palmer Snow; treasurer, Moses Fowl. 1853. Trustees, Wm. C. Warner, G. Wangelin, Almanza Roberts; clerk, Palmer Snow ; treasurer, Moses Fowl. 1853. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Levi Bartholemew ; clerk, F. F. CoKswell ; treasurer, Moses Fowl. 1854. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Asher Norton, Cyrus Ingersoll; clerk, F. F. Cogswell; treasurer, Oliver Emerson. 1855. Trustees, Oliver Emerson, John Mead, Philip Heninger; clerk, Palmer Snow; treasurer, J. W. Fay. 1856. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Edward Eggleston ; clerk. Palmer Snow; treasurer, Jeremiah W. Fay. 1857. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Philip Heninger, Edward Eggleston ; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Marcus A. Brown. 1858. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Edward Eggleston, Henry Kuntz; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer, Lewis Roberts. 1869. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, Henry Kuntz, Reuben Gates ; clerk, Asa Emerson ; treasurer, John A. Ackley. 1860. Trustees, Oliver Emerson, Moses Fowl, Philip Kline; clerk, Asa Emerson ; treasurer, Cyrus Ingersoll. 1861. Trustees, Wm. Redrup Henry Kuntz, Jas. M. Brown; clerk, A. Mo Arthur ; treasurer, Jacob A. Stroud. 1862. Trustees, Marcus A. Brown, Chas. Umstaeter, E. M. Norton; clerk, Edward Eggleston ; treasurer, Jacob A. Stroud. 1863. Trustees, Thos. Davis, Lewis Schwab, Erhart Geiger; clerk, Edward Eggleston; treasurer, Cyrus Ingersoll. 1864. Trustees, David Clark, Henry Kuntz, Erhart Geiger; clerk, Ed- ward Eggleston; treasurer, Moses Fowl. 1865. Trustees, Leonard Snow, Marcus A. Brown, Oliver Emerson; clerk, Edward Eggleston ; treasurer, John A. Ackley. 1866. Trustees, Leander Snow, Chas. J. Pond, Jacob Wetzel; clerk, Jas. M. Cogswell; treasurer. Cyrus Ingersoll. 1867. Trustees, Henry Deutzer, Jas. M. Brown, Jacob Hoffman ; clerk Asa Emerson; treasurer, J. W, Fay. 1863. Trustees, Henry Deutzer, Leander Snow, Edward Brainard; clerk, Asa Emerson; treasurer, J, W. Fay. 1869. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, O. P. Nichols, Henry Deutzer ; clerk, Theo. M.'. Towl; treasurer, Lewis Clark. 1870. Trustees, Almanza Roberts, W. J. Marshal, H. Deutzer; clerk, Theo, M. Towl ; treasurer, John Hobbs. 1871. Trustees, Leander Snow Almanza Roberts, Jacob Wetzel; clerk, R. N. Hodgman; treasurer, John Hobbs. 1872. Trustees, J. J. Bigelow, H. Deutzer, J. Hobbs; clerk, T. M. Towl; treasurer, O. F. Nicholas. 1873. Trustees, John Hobbs, Wm. Rederup, Philip Unkrich; clerk, S B. Ingersoll; treasurer, O. F. Nicholas. 500 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1874. Trustees, Henry Kuntz, Asa Emerson, Ralph James ; clerk, S. B. IngersoU; treasurer, Chas. Stearns. 1875. Trustees, Jacob Wetzel, Wm. Eedrup, Philip Unkrich; clerk, S. B. IngersoU; treasurer, John Hobbs. 1876. Trustees, Christ. Tauber, Madison Eobb, Conrad Foster; clerk, S. B. IngersoU; treasurer, John Hobbs. 1877. Trustees, H. Deutzer, C. Tauber, A. MoArthur; clerk, S. B. IngersoU; treasurer, John Hobbs. 1878. Trustees, Wm. Wagner. H. Krather, O. S. Emerson; clerk, S. B. IngersoU; treasurer, Philip Klein. 1879. Trustees, Philip Unkrich, Chas. Forochner, O. S. Emerson; clerk, S. B. IngersoU; treasurer, E. D, Cogswell. RELIGIOUS MATTERS. The first sermon heard in Parma was delivered in 1823, at the house of Asa Emerson, by Rev. Henry Hudson, of Royalton, a Baptist minister. Mr. Hud- son was also a doctor, and hiiving been called to at- tend at the birth of a daughter of Mr. Emerson, on a Saturday, he remained, and preached a sermon on the following day. A hasty notice was sent out, and the inhabitants gathered in full force at Mr. Emer- son's house, and were refreshed with a renewal of their earlier religious experiences. Mr. Hudson preached in Parma quite often after that, and, as the early settlers in that township were principally Bap- tists, he never lacked hearers. Besides Mr. Hudson, Rev. Mr. Jackson, of Wooster, also preached to the Baptists of Parma, and althougli thus it will be seen that the Baptists were the only ones who enjoyed early religious worship in Parma, and yet, somewhat curiously, no church of that denomination was ever organized there. FREE WILL BAPTIST CHURCH. This church was organized about 1830, in the southeast corner of the townshij^, with but a handful of members, among whom wei-e David Pond, John Johnson, J. W. Kilburn, Alfred Cleveland and Moses Ware with their wives. David Pond was the first deacon, and Moses Ware the first elder. In 1839 there was a great revival when forty persons were added to the membership, which rose in that year to sixty. Among the early preachers were Elders Ran- dall and Walker, the latter of whom was the leading spirit in the revival Just mentioned. The organiza- tion never owned a church-building, but used a school-house as a place of worship. Toward 1864, the membership grew small by degrees, and the church was dissolved in that year. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The first Presbyterian Church of Parma was or- ganized as a Congregational Church November 7, 1835, with fourteen members, as follows: Samuel, Sarah, Sarah B. and Celinda Freeman, James M. Cogswell, Beulah G. Adams, Catherine Ann Ferrell, Mary H. Cogswell, Descom and Susan Chapin, Frederick and Harriet Cogswell, Catherine Ferrell and Arvin Kennedy. The first clerk was Frederick P. Cogswell, and the first elders, Samuel Freeman, James M. Cogswell and Descom Chapin. At the first meeting it Avas resolved " not to take for a member I any person who is a dealer in, or manufacturer, of ardent spirits." On the 10th of January, 1836, the Lord's Supper was administered by Rev. B. B. Drake. The first minister was Rev. Benjamin Page, who agreed to give half his time for $400 a year. After -Mr. Page, the ministers were Revs. V. D. Taylor, Phineas Kingsley, C. B. Stevens, J. D. Jenkins, — -■ Edwards and others. The membership in 1842 was thirty-seven and in 1844 it was forty. In August, 1879, it was thirty-six. The church, although Congregational was attached to the presbytery of Cleveland from the outset, and in April, 1874, it changed entirely to the Presbyterian denomination. Public worship was held in a township school-house until 1841, when the edifice now used, was erected. The church has had no ordained minister for several years, being in 1879, supplied by Rev. Anson Smythe. The elders in that year were William J. Marshall, Jacob Bailey and William Cogswell. ST. PAUL'S CHURCH (REFORMED PROTESTANT). This congregation (German) was organized in 1858, and in that year built a brick church which is still used. Previous to that date, beginning in 1853, Rev. Philip Stompel, of Brighton, had preached to the German Protestants of Parma occasionally, in school- houses. At the building of the church, the trustees were Michael Hoag, Adam Hahn, George Bauer, and John Huber, the membership being then about twenty-five. The membership in August, 1879, was forty-four. The pastor at that time was Rev. Mr. Kraus, and the trustees were George Bauer, William Keyser, Michael Hahn and Gottfried Klanzinger. ST. JOHN'S (3HURCH (GERMAN EVANGELICAL LU- THERAN.) In 1867 a division took place in the congregation of the German Reformed Protestant church of Parma; a portion withdrawing and forming a separate church, of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination, and they built a house of worship in 1868. At that time the membership was thirty-five, but it has been declining latterly, and now numbers but twenty. The first trustees were Michael Meyer, John Koch, and Gott- leib Miller; the first minister was Rev. Mr. Fuehr. Rev. Paul Littke is the present minister. The trus- tees are John Koch, Michael Meyer, and Christian Koch. The deacons are Andrew Hoag, John Sharp and Deitrich Bnsch. CHURCH OF THE HOLT FAMILY (GERMAN CATHOLIC.) Rev. Father Quigley commenced in 1873 to hold Catholic religious services at the house of Conrad Rohrbach in Parma, and at the close of that year the congregation included eleven families. In 1873 a church edifice was built upon a lot adjoining Mr. Rohrbach's residence, and there the Catholics of Par- ma have since worshiped. Conrad Rohrbach was the first trustee, and still serves as trustee, as does John ROCKPORT. 501 Gehring. Following Father Quigley as priests, were Rev. Fathers O'Brien, Kuhbler, Zampiel and Fide- lius — the latter of whom is the present incumbent, and holds services once a fortnight. The average at- tendance numbers seventeen families. SCHOOLS. The first school taught in Greenbrier was conducted by Samuel Freeman, in his own house, during the winter of 1825. There Mr. Freeman taught his own children — of whom there were not a few — and those of such settlers as deemed book education one of the necessities of life. Parma's first school teacher was a well-educated man for those days, and he so trained his children that after him three of them, Samuel, Jr., Lawrence and Lyndon also became school teachers. The first school district in the township was set ofE in JVIay, 18^6. In this district was Benajah Fay, Sam- uel Freeman, Thomas Adams, John Hodgman, Amos Hodgman, Joseph Small, Peter Countryman, Asa Em- erson, Jesse Nichols and Peleliah Bliss. The second school district was set off in December, 1826, in the northeast part of the township. At the same time the southeast corner of the township was made a portion of the fourth school district of Brecks- ville, and contained Benjamin and Asher Norton and Nelson Scovill. In 1879 Parma was divided into nine school districts, in which the number of school children, between the ages of six and sixteen, was three hundred and ninety. The amount appropriated for school purposes in that year was $2,000. POST OFFICE. Samuel Freeman was Parma's first postmaster; af- ter him the office was held successively by William Humphrey, Oliver Emerson and Harry Humphrey. Oliver Emerson was then appointed to a second term, and has been the incumbent ever since. CHAPTER LXXXIII. KOCKPOET.* Boundaries and Surface— Detroit Street— Eoclcy River— Early Settle- ment— John Harbertson— PWlo Taylor— The First Road- Daniel Miner —George Peake— Dr. Turner— A Sad Misfortune— Datus Kelley and Others— The Alger Settlement— Rufus Wright-Henry Clark and Others— Joseph Dean's Tannery— Burning of Mills— James Nicholson —Mars Wagar— Eliel Farr— Price French— David Harrington— Jona- than Parshall- First Death, Birth and Marriage— First Justice— In- dians— A Great Bear Hunt— An Early Temperance Pledge— Nineteen Voters to Eighteen Officers— First Bridge— A Slender Outflt^Going to Michigan to Mill— Granger City— Joseph Larwill— Henry Canfleld- Township Organization— The First Voters— First Ofaoers— List of Principal Officers- Post Ofttces— Rookport Methodist Church— The Baptist Church-First Congregational Church-Free Will Baptist Church— Rocky River Mission— First New Jerusalem Church— Detroit Street Methodist Church— St. Patrick's Church-German Evangelical Church— German Methodist Church— Church of the Ascension— St. Mary's Church— Schools— Detroit Street Special District— The Rest of the Township— Rockport Christian Temperance Union— The Temper- ance Sunday School- The Fruit Interest— Burial Places— Railways— Manuffictures. RocKPORT, one of the northern townships of Cuy- ahoga county, is number seven in range fourteen, in * The early expeditions through Rockport and the wreck of Brad- street's expedition in that township are narrated in the forepart of the general history of the county. the survey of the Western Reserve, and lies upon the southern shore of Lake Erie. It contains twenty-one full sections of a mile square each, and four fractional sections, the size of which is reduced by the lake. The township is bounded on the north by Lake Erie; on the south by Middleburg township; on the east by Brooklyn, and on the west by Dover. The surface of the country is level and the soil is generally productive, especially along the lake shore, where a rich fruit belt contributes largely to the wealth and prosperity of the township. ■ South of that belt, fruit is also considerably cultivated biit general farming is more largely followed, and with very profitable results. As a rule, the farmers are intelli- gent, thrifty and prosperous, their well cultivated and well appointed farms showing their success in life; while their handsome dwellings— which in very many cases might properly be called elegant — testify to the taste as well as the prosperity of the owners. Detroit street, as the extension of that street into Rockport is commonly called, follows the lake shore from the township line to Rocky river, an avenue of more than ordinary pretensions, and is also a drive much frequented by the citizens of Cleveland. Bor- dering it on either side are numerous handsome and costly suburban residences, set in the midst of taste- fully kept grounds, and presenting on a summer day in connection with the smiling fields, the numerous patches of woodland a;nd the broad expanse of the lake, a scene of beauty seldom surpassed. Rocky river, a rugged but shallow stream, flows through Rockport from the southern line near the southwestern corner in an exceedingly crooked course to the lake, passing nearly the whole distance between high and abrupt embankments, which at the river's mouth are handsomely wooded, and present a very picturesque appearance. Here also, in summer, peo- ple from Cleveland daily resort in large numbers, to enjoy the beauties of nature and to rejoice in the invigorating breezes which are wafted landward over the billowy bosom of Lake Erie. ■EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first white person to settle in the township of Rockport (so goes an old record by Henry Alger, him- self a settler in Rockport in 1812) was John Harbert- son (or Harberson), an Irish refugee, who, with his family, located in the spring of 1809 upon the east side of Rocky river near its mouth. In the same year, and about the same time, Wm. McConley, wlio came over from Ireland with Harbertson, settled in Rockport upon a place now known as Van Scoter bottom. Neither Harbertson nor McConley tarried long in their new homes, whence they removed about 1810; Harbertson going to Huron county, where he resided until his death.' In 1808, Philo Taylor, who had moved from New York to Cleveland in 1806, agreed with Harmon Can- field and Elisha Whittlesey, as agents and owners of land in what is now Rockport, to locate in that town- 50:2 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ship. On the 10th of April in that year he landed with his family from an open boat at the mouth of Rocky river. He selected a place on the east side of the river opposite the site of the Patcheii House, put up a cabin and began a clearing. By 1809 he had effected material improvements there. At that time, Mr. Caufield, who had verbally agreed that Taylor should have the place, informed him that he would' have to select some other spot, since it had been de- cided by the proprietors to lay out a town near the mouth of the river, and that the lot originally selected by Taylor would be wanted for that purpose. At this Mr. Taylor became exceedingly wroth. He sold his improvements to Daniel Miner, launched a curse against the mouth of Rocky river, and removed with his family to Dover. Until 1809 there was no highway between Cleve- land and the Huron river, that whole region being an almost unbroken wilderness. In that year the legis- lature made an appropriation for a public road be- tween these points, and selected Ebenezer Merry, Nathaniel Doan and LorenzD Carter to superintend tlie work. This road crossed Rocky river near its mouth, and was the only one west of Cleveland until 1814 or 1815. Daniel Miner, who bought out Philo Taylor in 1809, came from Homer, New York, in that year and occupied Taylor's old improvements. In 1812 he began to build a mill upon what is still known as the "mill lot." Before it was completed Miner died, in February, 1813. Despite of Canfleld's sanguine expectations, the Taylor lot was never em- ployed as a part of the proposed town which indeed never existed save on paper. Miner kept a tavern and a ferry there in 1811. He shortly afterward bought out Harbertson on the same side of the river, and kept tavern in his old house in 1812. In 1809 the public higliway, above referred to, being completed to Rocky river, one George Peake, a mu- latto, iind his family were the first to pass over it in a wagon, by which they Journeyed from Cleveland to Rocky river, locating on the place lately owned by John Barnum. Peake had been a soldier in the Brit- isl) army, and was in General Wolf's command at the taking of Quebec. Locating in Maryland he had married a black woman reputed to have owned "a lialf bushel of dollars." He had settled with her in Pennsylvania, had raised a family of children, and when he moved to Rockport was accompanied by two grown sons— George and Joseph; two others— James and Henry— following soon after. The Peakes in- troduced an improvement in the form of a hand grist- mill, which was exceedingly well liked by the few settlers, as grinding had previously been accom- plished by means of the "stump mortar and spring- pole pestle." George Peake died in September, 1837, at the great age of one hundred and five. In 1811 Doctor John Turner, a brother-in-law of Daniel Miner, came from the State of New York and located on the farm afterwards owned by Governor Wood. Two years afterward, while the doctor and his wife were away from home, their reeidence was burned to the ground and their two children were destroyed with it. After this calamity the family removed to Dover. While the Turners lived in Rock- port the newcomers were Jeremiah Van Scoter, John Pitts, Datus Kelley and Chester Dean' a brother-in- law of Kelley. Van Scoter located upon the place now known as Van Scoter's bottom, and after re- maining a year removed to Huron county. Mr. Kelley occupied the place now owned by George Merwin. In 1834, with his brother Ira, he bought the now famous Kelley Island. On the 7th of June, 1812, Nathan Alger, with his wife and sous — Henry, Herman, Nathan, Jr., and Thaddeus P. — and his son-in-law, John Kidney, all from Litchfield county, Conn., settled upon sections twelve and thirteen, and founded what is to this day known as the Alger settlement. Two days later, Benjamin Robinson, afterwards son-in-law of Nathan Alger, came in from Vermont and took up a place in that settlement. Nathan Alger, Sr., died January 21, 1813, being the first white person who died i'n the township. Samuel Dean, with his sons Joseph and Aaron W., moved into the township in 1814. Sam- uel Dean died in 1840, aged 85; his son Chester died in 1855; Horace B. Alger and Dyer Nichols came in during the fall of 1812. Benjamin Robinson, above referred to, was a famous hunter, and much addicted to a roving life; priding himself, indeed, upon his Indian habits. He became eventually an industrious member of the Alger settlement, but in his old age fell into evil ways, paid the penalty, and died in poverty at the age of ninety. Rufus Wright, a soldier of the war of 1813, re- moved in 1816 from Stillwater, N. Y., to Rockport, and bought of Gideon Granger three-quarters of an acre of land, now occupied in part by the Patcheu House, on the west side of Rocky river, near its mouth. He paid $300 for it, evidently sharing Granger's belief that there was destined to be a great city near the natural harbor at the mouth of Rocky river. Wright put up a framed tavern of consid- erable size, and from 1816 to 1853 the house remained in the possession of the Wright family, passing in the latter year to Mr. Silverthorn. As the Patchen House, it is a remodeled and improved structure, still containing, however, a portion of the old build- ing. A part of the old tavern is now used by the widow of John Williams as a residence, a little south of the Patchen House. Mr. Wright built half of the fij'st bridge at that point, kept a ferry there for some years, and assisted in cutting out the first road west of the river. About the time of Wright's settlement, Heury Clark, John James, Charles Miles, and Josoph Sizer came into the township, and between the years 181C and 1820 Clark and James were al so tavern keepers on the west side. The first tavern kept in the town- ship was, as already recorded, the one opened by ROCKPOET. 503 Daniel Miner, to whom the court of common pleas of Cuyahoga county issued a license in March, 1811, re- newing it in 1812, and also granting a license to keep a ferry. This tavern was only a log cabin, eighteen feet by twenty-four, and stood on the east side of the river, near the end of the present bridge. For some years after Miner's death his widow carried on the tavern, previous to which, for a brief period, Moses Eldred, who located in the township in the spring of 1813, kept the stand. Joseph, a son of Samuel Dean, who settled in Rock- port in 1814, built and carried on the first tannery in the township, on the north ridge, where Lucius Dean now resides. In 1815 Joseph Larwill — afterwards, the founder of Granger City — built a mill near the mouth of Rocky river, but before he put it in opera- tion it was burned to the ground. A similar fate befell a mill which was built on the same spot in 1818 by Erastus and Charles Johnson. In 1817 Datus Kelly built a sawmill in section sixteen, on the ci'eek that crosses the north ridge. James Nicholson, at the age of twenty, traveled in 1803, afoot, from Barnstable county, Connecticut, to TmmbuU county, Ohio, whence, after a residence of fifteen years, he moved, in 1818, to Rockport, where he had purchased two hundred and seventy acres of land. Upon a portion of that land his son, Ezra Nicholson, now lives. Of James Nicholson's two children, who came with him, a daughter — Mrs. Elias Paddock, of Olmstead — is still living. Upon his ar- rival he put up a log cabin, and at that time was the only settler between the Cuyahoga and Rocky rivers. In 1826 he erected a framed house a little west of where Ezra Nicholson now lives, and shortly afterward opened it as a tavern. Mr. Nicholson resided in Eockport until his death, which occurred in Rock- port, when he had I'eached the age of seventy-six. Mars Wagar, with his wife, Keturah, moved from Ontario county. New York, to Cleveland in 1818, and in 1820 proceeded to Rockport, where he had pur- chased one hundred and sixty acres of land, in sec- tion twenty-two, from Francis, son of Gideon Granger. He died in Rockport in 1841, leaving a widow and several children, the former of whom still lives on the old homestead, at the age of eighty-five. Her sons, Adam M. and Israel D., are prominent citizens of Eockport. In April, 1819, Eliel Farr, a farmer and surveyor, with his sons, Aurelius, Eliel, Jr. and Algernon, came into Eockport from Pennsylvania, and settled upon section sixteen. Price French left Ontario county. New York, in 1818, and settled in Indiana. He moved from there to Eockport in 1838, with his wife and six children, and located upon the place now occupied by Ezra Nicholson. He disposed of that portion of the farm to James Nicholson, and afterwards occupied the place where his son, A. G. French, now resides. David Herrington, who went to Middleburg, Ohio, from Otsego county, New York, in 1821, settled two years later in Eockport, upon the place now occu- pied by his widow. William and Mary Jordan located in 1827 upon the " Jordan place," on the Dover plank road. Mrs. Jordan still resides upon the old home- stead, surrounded by her children. Jonathan Parshall moved from New York to Eock- port in 1821, purchased an acre of ground of Mars Wagar, and put up a log cabin near the house of the latter. Parshall was a house-carpenter, and also taught school a few weeks in Eockport, but he was not very industi-ious, and in the course of time, being unable to pay even for his acre of land, he was dis- possessed of it. BAELY INCIDENTS. Mention has already been made of the fact that Nathan Alger, Sr., was the first person to die in the township. The first white child born in the town- ship was Egbert, son of Philo Taylor, who was born in November, 1809. Addison, son of Datus Kelley, was the second, born in June, 1812, and the third was Philana D., daughter of Henry Alger, born in De- cember, 1812. The first couple resident in the town- ship, who were married, were Benjamin Robinson and Amelia Alger, who were wedded in Cleveland No- vember 5, 1812, by George Wallace, Esq. There was no wedding in the township until January, 1814. Chester Dean, of Rockport, and Lucy, daughter of Abner Smith, of Dover, were united by George Wal- lace, Esq., at the house of Datus Kelley. Visitors to this wedding came from miles around upon ox-sleds, and the occasion, so says tradition, " was one of great merriment." The first justice of the peace was Charles Miles, who was elected June 24, 1819. In that year, at a State election, but thirteen votes were polled in the township. Previous to 1812, Indians used to rendezvous in numbers at the mouth of Rocky river, and on an is- land in that stream they buried several of their dead. Upon that island, too, they left their canoes during the winter, while they went into the interior for game. Upon returniug in the spring, they were in the habit of building a fire at the head of each grave on the is- land. The Indians were friendly to the whites before the war of 1812, but on the outbreak of that conflict, many of them joined Tecumseh, and none of them ever returned. A great "bear hunt" was organized in 1820, and the command entrusted to Joseph Dean, a famous Nimrod of the time. The line of the hunt reached from Rocky river to Black river, and included a small army of hunters. Of bears they got few, but the catch of deer was abundant. The hunt wound up with a grand jollification whereat whisky played an important part, as in truth it invariably did in all public, and many private events of the time. Whisky drinking was exceedingly popular and doubtless pernicious. At all events so thought Datus Kelley, who at a township meeting in 1827 astonished the company by presenting a temperance pledge for 504 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COtlNTY. signatures. There was a storm of opposition, and a loud outcry against what was called KoUey's onslaught upon liberty, but despite such a beginning, Mr. Kel- ley persevered in his purpose and eventually succeed- ed in gaining many adherents to the cause. At the first township election but nineteen voters lived in Eockport and as there were eighteen offices to fill it was remarked after the election that every man in the township either held an office, kept a tav- ern or owned a sawmill. The first bridge across Rocky river near its mouth was built in 18:^1, by subscrijDtions, Eufus "Wright paying about one-half the expense. There was a great gathering at the raising of the bridge, which con- sumed a week. When it was accomplished. Captain Wright invited all hands to his taverji, where the whisky jug passed merrily around and where the event was celebrated in so hilarious a manner that even the '"Squire" himself danced a jig on a table among tumblers and bottles, while the rest of- the company cheered his efforts by singing Yankee Doodle. A sketch of the early experiences of the Algers, written by Henry Alger, narrates that when he reached Eockport, June 7, 1812, his persona,! prop- erty consisted of an axe, an old French watch, part of a kit of shoemaker's tools, a bed and seven cents in cash. As he had borrowed ten dollars to pay his way to Eockport, he was in no mood to idle away his time, but began at once to put up his log cabin, and furnished it with a "catamount" bedstead, a shoe- maker's bench and two stools. With that outfit he and his wife set up housekeeping. The only kitchen ware they had at first was an old broken iron tea ket- tle which young Alger happened to find on the lake shore. In the fall of 1812 Mr. Alger went thirty-six miles west of Painesville and threshed wheat for Ebenezer Merry, receiving every tenth bushel for his labor. This shows plainly enough that breadstuffs were very scarce and high at that time. In 1813 Mr. Alger went to Cleveland to get salt, and for fifty-six pounds of that commodity he worked nine days for S. S. Baldwin, and then carried it home afoot on his back. In a similar way he obtained flour — by chopping timber for Capt. Hoadley of Columbia. He chopped an acre of timber for one hundred pounds of flour, and carried the latter home on his back — a distance of ten miles. When Philo Taylor first settled in Eockport, in 1808, he went to mill in an open boat to the river Eaisin, in the State of Michigan. The corn mills in Eockport at that early day were hollowed stumps for mortars, in which the grain was ground with what was called the spring-pole pestle. In 1810 a mail route between Cleveland and Detroit was established through Eockport. The mail, which weighed six or seven pounds, was carried on foot in a valise, by three men, stationed along the line. GRANGER CITY. In 1815, Joseph Larwill, of Wooster, Ohio, came to Eockport and purchased the "mill lot" on the east I side of the river, and also a tract on the west side near the mouth, where, with Gideon Granger, John Bever and Calvin Pease, he laid out a city, which was called Granger, in honor of Gideon Granger, a large land owner in Eockport and other parts of the Ee- serve. A sale af the lots was widely advertised, and on the appointed day a great number of people were assembled from a considerable distance. Lots were sold at high rates; some bringing $60 each; the ex- citement ran high, and Larwill & Co. felt assured of a fortune. The first cabin built upon the site of the new city was put up by Charles Miles near where the Patchen House now stands, and in 1816 John Dowling, George Reynolds and Capt. Poster also erected cabins. In the same year, John James, of Boston, bought out Miles, who then located on the farm afterwards owned by Gov. Wood. James, who had brought out a small stock of goods, opened a store, and also a tavern, both of which he carried on until his death in 1820. In 1816, too, as already stated, Eufus Wright built a tavern there, and there were also several other set- tlers in the new city at that time, including Asahel Porter, Eleazer Waterman, Josephus B. Lizer and Henry Canfield, the last of whom built what was long known as "Canfield's old store." Mr. Caufield came from Trumbull county, Ohio, the home of his father, who had bought considerable land in Eockport. One day he met at his store a lady who had journeyed alone, on horseback, from Connecticut to Royalton, to visit her sister. He fell in love with her at first sight, married her shortly afterward, and moved with her to a farm east of the river, now owned by Collins French. He lived there but a short time, however, before returning to Trumbull county. One Fluke, a German, and a potter by trade, came from Wooster and settled in Granger City in 1817, and began to make brown earthenware. Shortly after that Henry Clark came along and opened a tavern, and one Scott moved from Painesville to join Larwill in the erection of a mill. They had got up the frame of a dam when winter set in, but in the spring the floods washed it entirely away. This deeply discour- aged Mr. Larwill regarding the future of Granger City, and he abandoned the undertaking in disgust. The city struggled on a short time after this, but all kinds of .business were soon abandoned there, and even the few scattered cabins were speedily deserted by their inmates. ORGANIZATION. Rockport was formed as a civil township in Feb- ruary, 1819, and on the first Monday in the follow- ing April it held its first election at Rufus Wright's tavern. Those who voted at that election were Eufus Wright, Asahel Porter, Henry Canfield, Samuel Dean, Chester Dean, Joseph Dean, Dyer Nichols, Daniel Bardin, John Kidney, John Pitts, John James, Chas. Miles, Erastus Johnson, Charles Johnson, Josephus B. Sizer, Datus Kelley, Jas. Nicholson, Benjamin Eobinson and Henry Alger. C.— --<»5S!>-^>- ^«5S?S;^-:^/<^^JS^-S5S- JOHN P. SPENCEE. Jonathan Spencer, the father of our subject, was born at East Greenwich, R. I., Dec. 6, 1778. He married Miss Mollie Jones, a native of the same town, wlio was born Nov. 27, 1781. In 1803 he emigrated to Brookfield, Madison Co., N. Y., where he purchased a farm. He was a tanner and currier by trade, and in later years a shoemaker. He resided in that State until 1834, when he came to Olmsted Falls, Cuyahoga Co., where he died Feb. 7, 1837. His wife's death occurred Feb. 10, 1835. John P. Spencer was the second son and child of a family of eight children of this worthy couple. He was born at Brookfield, Madison Co., N. Y., May 24, 1805. His education was limited to what could be procured at the district school. In early life he assisted his father. At the age of twenty-one he left home and was employed on the farm for four seasons, in the winter teaching school. In 1880 he left Brookfield and came to Ohio to seek his fortune. He selected one hundred and twenty-five acres of fertile land (which was at that time an unbroken for- est) in the southwestern part of Rockport, with the intention of making it his home. On the 13th of March, 1832, he married Miss Electa M., daughter of Junia and Hannah (Ingraham) Beach. To this worthy woman should be attributed an equal share of the success which has attended them. They now have the means to obtain the comforts and enjoy- ments that a life of industry and prudent forethought will secure. Their home is known for its hospitality, and the unfortunate are never turned away unaided. Mr. Spencer added to his landed possessions, so that at one time he owned two hundred and twenty- five acres, but he has made such liberal distributions of property to his children, that he has now remain- ing only his original homestead. Mrs. Spencer was born in Norfolk, Litchfield Co., Conn., May 21, 1811. They have six children, all of whom are living : Henry B., born June 24, 1833 ; is unmarried, and lives with his father. Mary R., born March 25, 1835 j was married Nov. 27, 1853, to James A. Potter. Hannah L., born Jan. 17, 1837; was married Feb. 2, 1860, to Francis W. Mastick! Amos B., born Jan. 21, 1839; was married March 21, 1861, to Miss Nellie Mastick. John W., born June 30, 1841. During the war of the Rebellion he served as a volunteer for three and a half years in the 15th Ohio Battery. He was married Dec. 24, 1866, to Miss Deborah Goldwood. Frank J., born Sept. 16, 1849; was married Nov. 25, 1872, to Miss Lou Palmer. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer are now nearing their fifty years of married life. Their children are living on farms, all within a mile of them. Their grandchil- dren are growing up around them, and their declin- ing years are made happy and pleasant by the satis- faction of knowing that their posterity are worthy citizens of the town of their birth. Upon arriving at the age required in his native State to perform military duty, Mr. Spencer was elected to fill an ofiice in the company to which he belonged, and afterwards received a commission as ensign from Martin Van Buren, then Governor of New York, which he held until he removed to Ohio. Politically, Mr. Spencer originally belonged to the Democratic party, but upon the breaking out of the war he became a Republican. Though never seeking the emoluments of office, yet he has, in years past, filled positions of trust in the township with honor and integrity, and is frequently consulted by his neighbors and friends, by whom his advice is thought worthy of respect and consideration. EOOKPORT. 505 The chairmau of the meeting was Charles Miles; the judges of election were Asahel Porter and Datus Kelley. The officers chosen were Henry Alger, Rufus Wright and Erastas Johnson, trustees; Henry Can- field, clerk; James Nicholson and Samuel Dean, over- seers of the poor; Benjamin Eobiason and Joseph Dean, fence-viewers; Joseph Dean, lister. The first book of township records has been lost, and the list of those who have served the township as trustees, clerks and treasurers, can be given only from 1833 to 1879. For that period it is as follows: 1832. Trustees, Dyer Nichols, Jared Hickcox, Chas. Warner; clerk, Dyer Eaton ; treasurer, Calvin Giddings. 1833. Trustees, Alanson Swan, Dyer Nichols, John B. Robertsott; clerk, Geo. T. Barnum; treasurer, Ira Cunningham. 1834. Trustees, Alanson Swan, Paul G. Burch, James S. Anthony; clerk, Geo. T. Bamum ; treasurer, Ira Cunningham. 1835. Trustees, Alanson Swan, Jas. S. Anthony, Jas. Stranahan; clerk, Isaac F. Lathrop; treasurer, Solomon Pease. 1836. Trustees, Jas. S. Anthony, Collins French, Henry Alger; clerk, Isaac P. Lathrop; treasurer, Solomon Pease; 1837. Trustees, Epaphroditus Wells, Joseph Dean, Benjamin Mastic; clerk, Isaac P. Lathrop; treasurer, Solomon Pease. 1838. Trustees, Joel Deming, Jas. S. Anthony, Guilson Morgan; clerk, Geo. T. Bamuma; treasursr, Solomon Pease. 1839 Trustees, Obadiah Munn, Israel Kidney, Elial Farr; clerk, Geo. T. Barnum; treasurer, Solomon Pease. 1840. Trustees, Eliel Farr, Obadiah Munn, Jonathan Plimpton; clerk, Timothys. Brewster; treasurer, Solomon Pease. 1841. Trustees, Asia Pease, Dyer Nichols, Israel Kidney; clerk, A. S. Lewis; treasurer, Solomon Pease. 1842. Trustees, Asia Pease, J. D. Gleason, P. G. Burch; clerk, G. T. Bamum; treasurer, B. Millard. 1848. Trustees, Eliel Farr, W. D. Bell, John P. Spencer; clerk, Timo- thy S. Brewster; treasurer. Royal Millard. 1844. Trustees, Chauncey Deming, Aurelius Farr, Benjamin Stetson ; clerk, Aaron Merchant; treasurer, Royal Millard. 1845. Trustees, Chauncey Deming, Joseph Leese, Dyer Nichols ; clerk, Theophllus Crosby; treasurer, John D. Taylor; 1S46. Trustees, Chauncey Deming, John P. Spencer, O. W. Hotchkiss; clerk, Theophllus Crosby; treasurer, John D. Taylor. 1847. Trustees, Hanf ord Conger, Aurelius Fa rr, Jas. Stranahan ; clerk. Royal Millard; treasurer, Benjamin Lowell. 1848. Trustees, Hanford Conger, Chauncey Deming, Benjamin Mas- tick; clerk, G. T. Barnum; treasurer, F. G. Lewis. 1849. Trustees, Aurehus Farr. Osborne Case, Benjamin Mastick, clerk, G. T. Barnum ; treasurer, F. G. Lewis. 1850. Trustees, Royal Millard, Aurelius Farr, Wm. B. Smith; clerk, O. T. Barnum; treasurer, Truman S. Wood. 1851. Trustees, Auielius Farr, Thomas Hurd, Jas. Stranahan; clerk, G. T. Bamum; treasurer, Isaac Higby. 1832. Trustees, Aurelius Farr, Thos. Hurd, Jchn West; clerk, John Bamum; treasurer, Lewis Rockwell. 1853. Trustees, John P. Spencer, John Freeborn, Chauncey Deming; clerk, John Barnum; treasurer, Horace Dean. 1864. Trustees, Frederick Wright, Ezra Bassett, John Blank; clerk, John Bamum ; treasurer, Horace Dean. 1855. Trustees, Edward Hayward, Ezra Bassett, A. Cleveland ; clerk, John Bamum; treasurer, Horace Dean. 1856. Trustees, J. T. Storey, Thos. Hurd, Benj. Mastick; clerk, Lu- cius Dean ; treasurer, Horace Dean. 1857. Trustees, John F. Storey, Benjamin Mastick, Obadiah Munn; clerk, Lucius Dean; treasurer, O. W. Hotchkiss. 1858. Trastees, John F. Storey, Richard McCrary, Lucius Dean ; clerk, John Barnum; treasurer, O. W. Hotchkiss. 1859. Tmstees, John F. Storey. Obadiah|Munn, John Farr; clerk, A. M. Wagar, treasurer, O. W. Hotchkiss. 1860. Tmstees, Thos. Hurd. BenjaminJMastick, James Potter; clerk, Edwin Giddings; treasurer, O. W. Hotchkiss. >1861. Trustees, Thos. Hurd, Geo. Reitz, A. Kyle; clerk, Robert Fleury, treasurer, William Sixt. 1862. Tmstees, Thos. Hurd, Geo. Reitz, Wm. Jordon; clerk, A. M. Wagar; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 186.3. Trustees, Thos. Hurd, Geo. Reitz, Thos. Morton; clerk, A. M. Wagar; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1864. Trastees, Thos. Hurd, Wm. Tentler, Calvin Pease; clerk, An- drew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1865. Trustees, Wm. Tentler, Wm. L. Jordon, F. G. Bronson; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1866. Tmstees, John F. Storey, F. Colbrunn, A. M. Wagar; clerk, John Barnum; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 64 1867. Trastees, Allen Armstrong, F. Colbrunn, Alfred French; clerk John Bamum; treasurer. Wm. Sixt. 1868. Trustees, Anthony Cline, Lewis Nicholson, John Gahan; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1869 and 1870. Trustees, John Gahan, Anthony Cline, Geo. W. An- drews; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1871 and 1872. Trustees, John Gahan, Geo. W. Andrews, Henry Southworth; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1873. Trustees, G. T. Pease, Geo. W. Andrews, John Gahan; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer. Wm. Sixt. 1874. Trastees, G. T. Pease, Anthony CUne, John Gahan; clerk, Andrew Kyle; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1875. Trustees, Anthony Cline, J. W. West, Fred Baker; clerk, O. P. Stafford; treasurer, Wm. Sixt. 1876. Trastees, A. M. Wagar, John W. West, Anthony Cline; clerk, H. A. Mastick; treasurer, B. F. Phinney. 1877. Trustees, L. A. Palmer, J. W. West, A. M. Wagar; clerk, Edwin Giddings; treasurer, B. F. Phinney. 1878 and 1879. Trustees, A. M. Wagar, George Fauchter, Geo. W. Andrews; clerk, E. P. Thompson; treasurer, B. F. Phinney. POST OFFICES. The first postmaster in Eockport was probably a Mr. Goodwin, who, about 1837, kept an office at Eocky river, on the old stage route. In 1839 the stage route was changed so that it passed over " Hog Back Hill," and crossed the river about a mile and a half above the mouth. Then Calvin Giddings, living on Hog Back hill, was appointed postmaster. After a while Giddings moved across the river and took the post office with him. About 1834 the office was re- turned to the mouth of the river, and Eufus Wright, who then kept tavern there, was appointed postmas- ter. The office remained at Wright's until about 1853. Abraham, Philip and Frederick, sons of Eu- fus Wright, being successively postmasters there. In 1853 the office was removed a mile south, where Her- man Barnum kept it a year, being succeeded, in 1853, by Benjamin Phinney, who kept a store there. He retained the office until his death in 1864. The office was then again returned to the mouth of the river, where John Williams was the postmaster until 1865. Another change then took the office up the river about two miles, to the house of Andrew Kyle, who continued to be the postmaster there until 1875. This year the office was removed northward to the store of B. F. Phinney, who has been the incumbent since that time. A post office was again established at Eocky river in 1877, at the Cliff House, with Wil- liam Hall as postmaster. He was followed by A. T. Van Tassel, and he by James Starkweather; the latter being the present incumbent. Horace Dean, who kept store there, was the first postmaster at East Eockport. After his time the incumbents have been 0. W. Hotchkiss, William B. Smith, Jacob Tagardine, Adam Wagar and Joseph Howe, the latter being the postmaster during the present year, 1879. EOCKPOET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH. The Methodists residing in Eockport, on the west side of the river, enjoyed irregular worship in school-, houses and private residences until 1847, when a house of worship was erected about a mile and a half west of the mouth of Eocky river. The first class was organized in 1838. William Jordan was the 506 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. leader; the other members being Dyer Baton, Mrs. Mary Jordan, Whiting, Bennett, Philena Alger, Sarah Doty, Polly Jordan and Sallie Usher. The organization took place in William Jordan's log cabin, and there worship was held for some time after- ward. The first preacher was Eev. Henry 0. Sheldon, a most industrious laborer in the moral vineyard. Upon the erection of the church building, in 1847, the trustees were John D. Taylor, John Barnes, Henry Ranch, Benjamin Lowell and Sidney Lowell. The church membership is now fifty. The leader is C. S. Giddings, who is also the secretary of the society. The present trustees are S. H. Brown, Mark Able, C. S. Giddings, F. McMahon, Ira Burlingame, C. N. Wise and Charles Cuddeback. The present pastor is Rev. John McKean. BAPTIST CHUECH. This body was organized May 37, 1833, with the following members: Gideon Watrous, Royal Millard, John Dike, Fanny Watrous, Amelia Robinson, Sarah Herrington, Anna Millard, Lydia Dike and Fannie M. Nichols. In 1838 a dissension arose, when several members withdrew and organized a new church on the opposite, or west, side of the river. The dissenters engaged Rev. Moses Ware as a settled minister, but their sepa- rate organization lasted only a short time. About 1843 they returned to the mother church. The latter received from 1833 to 1847 one hundred and twenty-five members, but in the last named year the congregation had so far declined in strength that regular worship was abandoned. A further lapse of two years, failing to disclose any jenewed vitality, the few remaiug members met on the 30th of February, 1850, and formally voted to dissolve the organization. A commodious meeting-house had been erected by the society, being completed in June, 1846. This house of worship — long kuown as " the Tabernacle" — has, since 1850, been given over to free public use for re- ligious worship, public entertainments, etc., and has for many years been in active demand, especially on Sabbath days. The Baptists gathered from time to time, after 1850, for worship in the tabernacle, and had frequent preaching about 1860 and afterwards, but no reorganization of the church has been effected. FIRST CONGBEGATIONAL CHURCH. This church was organized in 1835, but very little can be said touching its early history. Its existence was limited to a few years, and the records of those years are lost. The church was revived and reorganized, however, on the 34th of July, 1859, when Benjamin Mastick, Russell Hawkins, Lydia Hawkins, Louisa Trisket, Mary C. Kinney, Silas Gleason, Labrina Gleason, Andrew Kyle and Susannah Kyle comprised the num- ber who were received into membership. The first deacons under the reorganization were Ezra Bassett and Silas Gleason, and the first pastor was Eev. N. Cobb. His successors were Revs. J. B. Allen, E. T. Fowler, 0. W. White and E. H. Votaw, the latter being the pastor in charge in July 1, 1879, when the . membership was thirty-five. In October, 1869, the church dissolved the con- nection which it had previously maintained with the Presbyterian organization, and was taken into the Sul- livan, Ohio, Congregational Association. The church building now in use was erected in 1861. The pres- ent trustees are L. A. Palmer, William Andrews, and A. Barter; the deacons, William Andrews and A. Barter; the clerk, B. Barter. THE FREE WILL BAPTIST CHUECH. A Free Will Baptist church was organized in Rock- port about 1840, and in 1843 included the following members: Obadiah Munn and wife, John Warren and wife, Jeremiah Gleason and wife, Joseph Coon and wife, Prosser Coon and wife, J. M. Plimpton and wife, Thomas Alexander and wife, Israel Kidney and wife, James Kidney and wife, Sarah and Joseph Hall. Elder Reynolds, the first minister, preached until about 1847. He was succeeded by Elder Prentiss but afterward returned and preached a second term. After him Elders Beebe, Pelton and others supplied the pulpit. After worshiping in school-houses un- til 1846, the congregation built a church on Hilliard avenue, opposite where the Good Templar's Hall now stands. At no time very prosperous, the society de- clined materially in strength for two or three years previous to 1858, and in that year was dissolved. The The church building served until 1877 as a place of worship for various denominations, when it was pur- chased by Mr. F. Wagar, who removed it to his farm and converted it into a store-house. ROCKY RIVER CHRISTIAN" MISSION (DISCIPLE). This was not regularly organized until January 5, 1879, although a house of worship was built in the winter of 1877 and '78 and dedicated June 16, 1878. The original members were James Cannon and wife, J. 0. Cannon and wife, William Southern and wife, Joseph Southern and wife, Peter Bower, Miss Ella Woodbury, Miss Lou Atwell. James Cannon was chosen trustee; and Elder J. C. Cannon, who was the first preacher, continues to occupy that relation. The membership on the 1st day of July, 1879, was thirty-seven. FIEST NEW JERUSALEM (SWEDENBORGIAN) CHUECH. Previous to 1841 there were several families of the Swedenborgiau faith in Rockport, James Nicholson and Mars Wagar being leading believers. Rev. M. McOarr, of Cincinnati, was invited to come out and form a church, which he did on the 4th of September, 1841, in a school-house near Rocky river. The first members were W. D. Bell and wife, Osborne Case, James Nicholson and wife, I. D. Wagar and wife, Delia Paddock, A. M. Wagar, Boadicea and Diantha LEWIS NICHOLSON. The ancestors of this gentleman were from Massa- chusetts, and removed in the early part of this cen- tury to the unsettled country of the West. Hailing from a State that early had the reputation of produc- ing men of education and culture, in removing to other localities they carried the same characteristics with them. Our subject's father, James, was born at Chatham, Barnstable Co., Mass., April 16, 1783. When four years of age his father changed his resi- dence to Connecticut. Arriving at the age of manhood he emigrated to Trumbull Co., Ohio, where he was married, May 5, 1812, to Miss Betsey Bartholomew, who was born at Waterbury, Conn., Nov. 9, 1793. In 1818 he removed to Eockport, Cuyahoga Co. At that time there was but one house between his residence and the west bank of the Cuyahoga River. He was engaged in agricultural pursuits, and ended a peaceful life Nov. 11, 1859. His wife survived him nearly a score of years, but departed this life Jan. 8, 1879. Lewis, the second son of the above couple, was born in the town of his father's adoption, Feb. 6, 1820. His education was limited to what could be procured at the public schools, with two terms passed at an academy located at Kirtland, Lake Co., Ohio. After leaving school he determined to devote himself to the vocation in life pursued by his father, and ac- cordingly purchased a farm of one hundred acres in Rockport, which is the same on which he now re- sides. In 1850 he embarked in the nursery business in connection with farming, and has given much at- tention to that branch e%'er since. Mr. Nicholson has been twice married. Sept, 8, 1840, he married Adelaide, daughter of Adnah Van Horn, of Rockport. She was born May 11, 1820, at Providence, R. I.; for nearly a quarter-century she was his companion, but passed away Dec. 10, 1870. Becoming tired of his lonely life, he married, Sept. 1, 1874, Miss Amanda Sears, a native of Dela- ware Co., N. Y., who was born Feb. 29, 1828. Republican in politics, Mr. Nicholson has been called by his fellow-citizens a number of times to fill local offices. In religious belief he is an earnest follower of the ^doctrines of Swedenborg, and is a member of that church. Mr. Nicholson is one of the true sons of the soil, who in all things is conscientious and unpretending, and not ambitious above his vocation in life, in which he has had a full measure of success. KOOKPOET. 507 Thayer, James Newman, Jane E. Johnson, Susanna Parshall, Mars Wagar and wife, James Coolahan and wife, Asa Dickinson and wife, Richard Hooper and wife, Matilda Wagar, Mary Berthong and John Berry. The first trustees were W. D. Bell, James Nichol- son and I. D. Wagar. The first ordained minister was Rev. Richard Hooper who had been a Methodist preacher in Rocliport, and who is said to have been suddenly converted, at a camp meeting, to the new faith. He was ordained directly after the organiza- tion Just mentioned, and labored vigorously four years as the pastor. Succeeding him the ordained minis- ters have been Revs. W. Gr. Day (who preached ten years), L. P. Mercer, D. Noble, John Saal, and Geo. L. Stearns, the present incumbent, who was ordained in 1876. The church membership now numbers about forty. The society worshiped in the Rocky River school- house until 1848, when the present house of worship (remodeled and improved in 1878) was built. The trustees now are Ezra Nicholson, A. M. Wagar and Alfred French. Incidental to the religious experience of James Nicholson and Mars Wagar it is said that upon their awakening to the new faith they, with their wives, rode in a two-horse wagon all the way to Wooster to be baptized iato the church. DETROIT STREET METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHUECH. About 1850 a small band of "Bible Christians" used to worship occasionally in the Free Will Baptist church and continued to do so for three or four years. The first class contained sixteen members; its leader being Mark Tagardine. Rev. Richard Roach, of Cleveland, used to come out and preach for them, as did others whose names cannot now be recalled. Members of the denomination known as the United Brethren also had meetings in the Baptist church at that time, and after the Bible Christians discontinued worship, the Wesleyean Methodists formed a class with Mark Tagardine as the leader. Their first min- ister was Rev. Mr. Crooks. Later, the Wesleyans gave place to a Methodist Episcopal class of twenty members and of that, too, Mark Tagard.ine was chosen leader; the Rev. Mr. Jewett of Berea preaching the first sermon. A church edifice known as the Detroit Street M. E. Church was built in 1876, at which time Rev. Mr. McCaskie was the pastor. After him Rev. Wm. Warren took charge. The present membership is one hundred and twenty-five. The class leaders are James Primat, John Webb, Stephen Hutchins and Mark Tagardine, and the trustees are Archibald Webb, James Bean, Jos. Parsons and Peter Clampet. ST. PATRICK'S (catholic) CHUECH. This church, which has a house of worship in the southern part of Rockport, is an Irish Catholic organ- ization. Previous to 1852 its members were able to enjoy only irregular service. In that year the church building now used was dedicated by Bishop Rappe, at which time about thirty families were included in the congregation. The priest first placed in charge was Rev. Lewis Filiere, who also preached at Olmstead Falls and Berea. He served about ten years and was followed by Rev. Fathers Miller, Ludwig, Hyland, Quigley, O'Brien and Kuhbler. Father Kuhbler, the present incumbent, has charge also of the German Catholic church of Rockport. The church of St. Patrick is moderately prosperous and has a congrega- tion of sixty families. GERMA3S' EVANGELICAL CHURCH. In 1851 Rev. Philip Stemple, a preacher of Bi'ight- on, was invited to visit Rockport and to organize a German Protestant church, about fifteen families be- ing anxious to join the proposed organization. Mr. Stemple organized the church and for fifteen years afterward preached in a school-house, once in three weeks, to the German Protestants of Rockport. By 1867 the organization had grown quite strong and numerous, and in that year a commodious brick church was built at a cost of about $5,000, besides labor contributed by the members of the society. Rev. Franz Schreck, from Wisconsin, was the first pastor after the completion of the church. The pres- ent pastor is Rev. Wm. Locher and the congregation contains about thirty families. The first trustees of the church were Peter Reitz, William Mack and Annacher. The present trustees are Henry Brondes, Frederick Bruuner and George Zimmer. THE GERMAN METHODIST CHURCH. This was organized in 1847, and in 1851 the pres- ent church edifice was built. Valentine Gleb was the first class-leader, and William Mack, John Mack and Henry Dryer were the first trustees. Between 1847 and 1851, Revs. Messrs. John and Klein were the preachers, and a school-house was the place of wor- ship. After the buildmg of the church the preachers were Rev. Messrs. BaldafE, Reicher, Berg, Weber, Detter, G. Nachtripp, Reiter, C. Nachtripp, Buhden- baum, Heidmeyer, Snyder, Nuffer, Nast and Borger- deng. Latterly the church organization has lost much of its membership and has for some time been without regular preaching. The present trustees are Valentine Gleb, Jacob Knopf, Henry Dryer, Michael Neuchter, and Bartlett Stocker. Valentine Gleb, who was in 1847 the first class-leader, still fills that office, in which he has served uninterruptedly since 1853. CHUECH OF THE ASCENSION (EPISCOPAL). This edifice which bears the above name, is a chapel of Trinity parish of Cleveland. It was opened for worship in 1875, and was consecrated on Ascension Day, 1879, by Bishop Bedell. Rev. J. W. Brown, D.D., of Trinity, is the rector, and Mr. Charles P. Ranney, of Cleveland, is the lay reader in charge. The 508 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. communicants number sixteen, and the attendants about fifty. ST. mart's (catholic) church. This German Catholic organization worships in a fine brick church edifice in tlie German settlement, close to the southern line of the township. The first church building, a plain framed structure, was com- pleted in 1854, when about fourteen families attended services. The congregation includes now thirty- three families. Fathers Graessner, Kuhn, Miller and Kuhbler, with others, have served the church since its organization. The brick edific,e, now in use, was built in 1867, at a cash cost of about $8,000, — al- though its actual value — by reason of volunteer labor, was much more. The present trustees are George Betts, Jacob Ammersback and Meliurad Nicholas. The officiating priest is Father Kuhbler. SCHOOLS. One of the earliest school masters — although he scarcely merited the dignified appellation of teacher was Jonathan Parshall, a house-carpenter, who lived on a small piece of land adjoining Mars Wagar. He was not over intelligent, nor was he an especially in- dustrious citizen, but it appears that he considered himself fitted to instruct the tender youth and in the year 1839 taught a few scholars in the back part of Mr. Wagar'g house. The neighborhood tradition is that Parshall was a decidedly poor teacher, and that his experience in that line lasted but a few weeks. In 1830 a log school-house was built nearly opposite where Ezra Nicholson now lives, in which the first teacher was a lady from Olmstead. The brick struct- ure which replaced the log house not long afterwards is now used by Walter Phelps as a dwelling. Eockport now enjoys an excellent and liberal sys- tem of public education. There is a special school district which extends from Rocky river east to the township line, and is composed chiefly of residents on Detroit street. This district manages its own school affairs under the act of 1871, and has three fine brick school-buildings. One contains a graded school, for which a new house, to cost $6,000, is to be com- pleted by January 1, 1880. The other two buildings together cost at least $7,000. The average daily at- tendance at the three schools is one hundred and sixty, and the amount raised for school support in 1879 was $3,000. Apart from this special district, the amount raised for the support of township schools in 1879 was $1,900. The township contains eight school-houses (seven of them being of brick) valued at $19,500. The total number of children of school age is six hundred and thirty-three. SOCIETIES, ETC. The Rockford Christian Temperance Union, which was organized in 1878, has since then been doing good work, and now is in a flourishing condition with thirty members. The officers are S. H. Brown, president; James Potter, Mrs. S. H. Brown and Mrs. H. Crossley, vice presidents; Miss L. Jordan, secre- tary; Mrs. J. W. Spencer, treasurer; Miss Annie Hutton, corresponding secretary. The business meet- ings are held in the Methodist Church, on the west side of the river. There is a similar organization on the east side of the river known as the Temperance Sunday School. Meetings are held each Sabbath in the tabernacle, and the members are very zealous in behalf of the temperance cause. The organization is under the direction of a managing committee. Strong temper- ance movements were set on foot in Eockport in 1867, and resulted in the organization of two lodges of Good Templars, which after a brief era of prosperity ceased to exist in 1873. THE FEUIT INTEREST. Fruit growing is one of the most important and remunerative industries in Rockport. The region especially devoted to it is that contiguous to Detroit street between the township line and Rocky river, whence large supplies of all the kinds of fruit raised in this climate are annually conveyed to the Cleveland market. Dr. J. P. Kirtland was one of the earliest, if not the earliest, to engage to any extent in fruit culture in Rockport, setting out a number of various kinds of trees in 1850. Not long afterward Lewis and Ezra Nicholson and others began a liberal cultivation of fruit. The business developed rapidly and in a short time assumed considerable proportions along the line of Detroit street, and engaged the attention of all the dwellers upon that thoroughfare. According to the published statistics, the value of fruit sent to Cleveland from Detroit street in 1867 was $10,000, while in 1872 it was no less than $50,000. Fruit culture is by no means a losing busi- ness elsewhere in the township, but the peculiar char- acteristics of the soil on the northern ridge makes that the most profitable locality. BURIAL PLACES. The first graveyard laid out by white settlers in Rockport occupied the site of the Cliff House. Here, it is said, were buried the bodies of a number of sail- ors drowned off the "point" in 1813. Henry Alger was buried there as was also Daniel Miner, two of the pioneers, but their bodies were afterward removed elsewhere. Traces of this burial ground remained until the erection of the Cliff House obliterated them. The burying ground on Detroit street was laid out about 1840, and among the first to be buried there were Mrs. Sarah Ann Brewster and an unknown man who was found dead in the woods — supposed to have been murdered. Eockport now has several cemeter- ies, many of which are very neatly kept and beauti- fully adorned. ^Z-^^^:^^ ^^--^^.^t-^/ EOCKPORT. 509 RAILWAYS. Three lines of railway, the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern, the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis and the Eocky Eiver Eailroads, traverse Eockport, the two former passing diagonally across it from northeast to sonthwest, and the latter run- ning due west from the township line to Eocky river, one of its termini. This latter road was built to accommodate the tide of pleasure hunters which flows in great volume in the summer season to Rocky river and to the lake shore in that vicinity. It is also a very great convenience to people residing along its line, and from them derives no inconsiderable part of its support. MANUFACTURES. The manufacturing interests of Eockport are very few. William Maile on Detroit street began in 1861 to manufacture drain tile and common brick. The brick business he soon gave up, but for seven years after 1861, he made about three hundred thousand drain tile annually. In 1869 he resumed the manu- facture of brick, in connection with the tile business, and at present — in June, 1879 — he is making drain tile and Penfield pressed brick, employing three hands. Mr. John W. Spencer is extensively occupied in the western part of Eockport in the manufacture of tile and brick, in which he engaged in 1874, with his brother, F. J. Spencer. The latter retiring in 1877, J. W. Spencer has since carried on the business alone. He employs four men, and manufactures annually two hundred thousand drain tile and one hnndi'ed thousand brick. I8EAEL D. WAGAR Mars "Wager was a son of Peter and Lucy Wagar, and was born in Saratoga county, New York on the 33d day of September, 1791. He was well educated having studied at the academies at Lansingburg and Troy, New York, being not only proficient in math- ematics, but also well versed in several languages. In 1813 he removed to Phelps, Ontario county, New York, where he was married on the 31st of December, 1816, to Katurah, daughter of Adam and Anna Mil- ler, a native of New Jersey, born July 13, 1794. Two years after his marriage he emigrated west and finally settled in Eockport in November, 1820, where he be- came one of the most enterprising settlers. He re- sided there until his death, which occurred on the 30th day of August, 1841. He was not an aspirant for political honors, but was a staunch Whig in the political contests of those days. He was a leader in the Swedenborgian church, and was much esteemed as a man and a Christian. He left a widow who still survives, being now in her eighty-fifth year, and a family of six children. Israel D. Wagar, the second child and son, had then just attained his majority, having been born in Avon, then called Troy, Lorain county, on the 21st day of February, 1820. His early life was passed like that of most of the sons of pioneer families, in assisting to clear off the heavy timbered land, and converting it into a productive farm. Being prevented by reason of his father's limited means, from receiv- ing a classical education, he obtained such as could be procured at the district schools, together with a short academic course, the whole supplemented by very thorough self-culture. On arriving at the age of manhood he traveled in the West and South teaching school and familiarizing himself with the manners and customs of the people of those sections. Eeturn- ing after a time to his home in Eockport, he turned his attention to farming and fruit growing, which, in connection with buying and selling real estate, have been his occupations since that time. Through his own industry, perseverance, foresight and economy, aided in all respects by his most estimable wife, he has accumulated wealth sufBcient for all his wants, and now enjoys in comfort the fruits of his labors. In 1876 his love of travel and desire for informa- tion again took him from his home, this time to Great Britain and the continent of Europe. He re- mained abroad several months, not traveling merely as a sight-seer, but filling his mind by close observation with useful knowledge of those countries and their inhabitants. On the 1st day of January, 1843, Mr. Wagar was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Michael and Isa- bella Pile, who was born in Wayne county, Oljjo, Sep- tember 7, 1822. They have had eight children, whose names and the dates of whose birth are as follows: Laura M., born October 12, 1843, now the wife of Dr. C. D. Ashley, of Meadville, Pennsylvania; Adah I., born March 14, 1846, now the wife of M. Q. Browne, a lumber dealer in Cleveland; John M., born August 1, 1848, at present engaged in trade in Texas; Jessie A., born January 31, 1851, now the wife of George E. Lo'veland, paymaster of the Cleveland and Pittsbnig railroad; George B., born April 26, 1853; Alta E., born September 3, 1855; Caroline D., born May 9, 1858, and Charles WiHard, born October 27, 1860. The four last named are still living at home. Born and brought up in the Whig party, Mr. Wa- gar voted and acted with them until 1856, when he joined the Democrats, and has since co-operated with them, filling numerous town offices, including that of justice of the peace. Mr. Wagar is a type of the American farmer, con- servative in his ideas and opinions, a close observer of human nature, possessing shrewdness, good judgment and business tact, by means of which he has placed himself and family beyond the reach of want. At the same time he is fully recognized in the commu- nity where he lives as an excellent parent, neighbor and citizen. His religious faith, like that of all the rest of the Wagar family, is Swedenborgian, but is broad, liberal and comprehensive. 510 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. CHAPTER LXXXIV. KOYALTON. Boundaries, etc.— First Settlers— Mr. Clark— Robert Engle— An Aged Emigrant— T. and H. Francis— John Coates— Jonathan Bunker— C. A. Stewart— John Ferris— Boaz Granger— John B. Stewart— A Large Ac- cession—David and Knight Sprague— Enyal Tyler's Store— The Tows- leys and Nortons— York Street^Mills— First Marriage— Going to Mill under Difficulties— Early Taverns— Civil Organization— Origin ot Name -First Officers- List of Principal Officers- Post Office— Royalton Cen- ter—First Baptist Church- Free Will Baptist Church— The Disciple Church— The Methr:dist Church— St. Mary's Church— Schools— Early Teachers— Present Condition of Schools— Cbeese-making, etc.— Em- pire Lodge— Cemeteries. EoTALTOiir, noted at one time as a very important dairy township, and still of considerable consequence in that respect, consists of a valuable farming region and contains a community of prosperous people. It is survey township number five in range thirteen of the Western Reserve and is bounded on the north by Parma, on the south by Medina county, on the east by Brecksville and on the west by Strongsville. The east branch of Rocky river, which is there but a small stream, flows across the southwest corner of the town- ship, and although still smaller water courses are plentiful yet mill-power is very scarce. The only village is Royalton Center, which is a small place, but is very picturesquely located. Agri- cnltural and dairy products are the support of the peoi^le, and tliey furnish a good subsistence. Excel- lent building stone is found in ac least two quarries, but the lack of railway facilities limits the stone mar- ket to a circuit near home. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first white settlement upon the territory of Royalton was made in 1811 by a Mr. Clark, who, after making a clearing, brought his family in and located upon section twenty-five, in the southeastern corner of the township, on a tract now occupied by H. A. Carter, a son of Clark's 'widow by her marriage to Lewis Carter. Clark must have died within a few years after making a settlement, for in 1816 Carter man-ied the widow and took up his residence on the Clark jilace. Lorenzo — a son born of this latter union — was the first white male child born in the township. On the 2d of June, 1816, Robert Engle with his family and his father-in-law, John Shejiard, arrived from the State of New York and settled upon section fourteen, about a half mile south of the center. This was the first settlement after Clark's, whose family remained for five years the only white occupants of the township. Mr. Engle's father-in-law, Mr. John Shepard, had served in his youth as an attendant on a French officer at the time of the Braddock campaign and was present at the memorable defeat of that gen- eral. He claimed to be eighty-seven years old when he moved to Royalton with Robert Engle, at whose house he died in 1847. The inscription upon his tombstone fixes his age at one hundred and eighteen years, nine months and eighteen days. Robert Engle, who was famous as a hunter and trapper, died in Roy- alton. One of his daughters married Simeon Enos, who lives upon the old place. Thomas and Heni'y Francis, brothers, settled in 1816 on adjoining farms a half mile north of the cen- ter. The Francis brothers lived in Royalton useful and honored men and died on the farms where they had first settled. Rhoda Francis, born in 1816, was the first white child to see the light of day in Royal- ton. In December, 1816, John Coates (popularly known in Royalton as Uncle Jacky Coates), settled with his family upon section twenty-one, where he built at first a house of round logs, which he replaced a year or so afterward with a double log house. The latter was put up by Boaz Granzer, who took his pay in land. Mr. Coates, who came from Geneseo, New York, owned about thirty-five hundred acres of land in Royalton, which is yet known as the Coates' tract, and which he sold out as settlers required. The house built by Granger for Coates was the first one in the township supplied with a cellar, and was regarded as an eminently aristocratic mansion. Mr. Coates' son, John, came out with his father, and in the following spring another son, Charles, also came with his family. Catharine (daughter of John Coates, Jr.,) was the second female child born in Royalton, where she still lives as Catharine Teachout. In 1817, Jonathan Bunker, from the State of New York, located upon section eleven, where he had re- ceived a tract of one hundred and fifty acres from Gideon Granger in exch.ange for one of fifty acres near Palmyra, New York, his former home. Mr. Bunker belonged to a historical family which gave its name to the celebrated Bunker Hill. Two of his uncles had also participated in the battle fought on Breed's Hill, to which the former name has been given, where one was killed and the other wounded. Ephraim Moody, a neighbor in New York, accom- panied Bunker to the West. The journey was made in a sleigh drawn by a pair of horses, of which each owned one. Moody stopped short of Royalton, leav- ing Bunker to go on alone. The latter reached his newly acquired property in the morning, and by night he had put up a shanty. During the following eight months he labored there alone, clearing and cultivat- ing his land, and when at the. end of that time his family came out, they found a comfortable log house and crops well advanced. Mr. Bunker, during his solitary experience, used to be frequently troubled by wild beasts, and more than once his shanty, which was always open, re- ceived marauding visits from bears. He was, how- ever, a fearless man, and far from being frightened away by the bears and wolves; he hunted and trapped them with great success. He was an expert ropemaker, and for some time, during his early days in Royalton, supplied Cleveland with about all the white rope used there. For its manufacture he used flax raised upon his farm, and also hemp purchased from Mr. Wed- dell, of Cleveland. Mr. Bunker also had a nursery ROYALTON. 511 of four hundred apple trees, froin which many of the present orchards of Royalton were supplied. He had a family of nine children, and died in 1844, aged eighty-two. Chauncey A. Stewart settled in the autumn of 1816 upon section four, the place being now owned by his son, T. H. Stewart. Mr. Stewart was a famous hunter and trapper, and one may still hear many stories of his adventurous exploits in search of bears and other large game. John Ferris settled in the township in Decem'.er, 1816, and about the same time Solomon and Elias Keys, both from the State of New York, became members of the new commu- nity. Boaz Granger, of whom mention has already been made, came out in 1817. He was a neighbor of Jonathan Bunker in New York, and when he came to Royalton, boarded awhile at the house of the latter. As before stated, he purchased land of John Ooates on section eleven, and in part payment built him a house and barn, the latter structure being the first framed building erected in Royalton. In the summer of 1817 Samuel Stewart settled upon the State road on section fifteen, where his son, John B. Stewart, now lives. The latter, now aged eighty-eight, has always been one of the most promi- nent men in the township, and in his old age, looks with satisfaction upon the record of a busy and honorable life. He was a land surveyor in his younger days, and for many years was the agent of Gideon Granger for his Royalton land. He was the first clerk of Royalton, was chosen a justice of the peace, with Lewis Carter, in August, 1819, and long served the township in various public capacities. Mr. Stewart is the only one now living of those who voted at the first township election, in 1818. In the winter of 1817 and spring of 1818, the settlement was very decidedly increased by the arrival of Eliphalet Towsley, David Sprague, Francis How, Abial Cushman, Warren, Parley Austin, John Smith, Israel Sawyer, David Hier, Claflin, Hayes, Knight Sprague and Benjamin Boyer. Towsley settled in the southwest, where his son James had a short time before made a clearing. James re- turned to New York after liis father came, and attended school a year. He then came back to Roy- alton and settled near the center, but subsequently removed to Brooklyn, where he died in 1879. Eliph- alet Towsley resided in Royalton uutil his death. David and Knight Sprague, brothers, were from Royalton, Vermont. Knight Sprague was blind, having, it is said, lost his sight while working as a blacksmith in the east. He was, however, a remark- ably energetic man, and was thought by his neigh- bors to be able to discern the situation of objects almost as well as many who were blessed with perfect eyes. He built the first town-hall owned by Royal- ton, took an active part in all affairs of the time, and died on the place on which he first settled. An early township record sets forth the fact that Mr. Sprague was chosen fence- viewer in 1821, but how the blind man managed to "view "the fences the record fails to state. David Sprague settled upon section five, whence he afterwards removed to Middle- burg, where he died. John Smith was also from Vermont, and located on section seven. He was killed in 1833 by the fall of a tree. John Hier and his brother David located near the Strongsville line. The former died in Hinckley and the latter upon his farm at Bennett's Corners. In 1818 the newcomers included Henry Hudson, a doctor, farmer and Baptist preacher, James Baird, Asa and Samuel Norton, Kersina and John Watkins, Smith Ingersolls and 0. C. Gordon. Mr. Baird, who was one of Jonathan Bunker's neighbors in New York, married the oldest daughter of the latter and located on section eleven, adjoining Bunker's place. He afterward moved a mile farther south, and about 1837 went to Lorain county. Settlements began to be made at the center about 1837, in which year Royal Tyler opened a store in a ten by twelve log-house. He afterward removed to Brooklyn, and was succeedeiJ in the store by his brother Benjamin, who also practiced the healing art. He now resides in Brooklyn. William and James Towsley were early settlers at the center, as was also a Mr. Bostwick. Kersina and John Watkins located near the center, but the former soon died, and the latter then moved out of the township. Asa Norton bought land of John Coates on section twelve, and paid for it by daily labor. The only time he could devote to his own farm was the nights and the Sundays, and these he never failed to use to the utmost extent possible. Samuel Norton who was a teamster at times between Cleveland and Medina, settled upon section eleven. Both Nortons resided in Royalton until they died. Smith Ingalls lived on a farm adjoining David Sprague's, and there died after a well spent and active life. He was tlie first postmaster in Royalton, and frequently served in township offices. " Yoi'k " street was laid out about 1828, when one Briggs and William Ferris built there, followed a year or two afterward by William Gibson, John Mar- cellus. Page Claflin, John Tompkins, James Bunker and George Abrams. Samuel Gibson built a steam, sawmill in the west, and not long afterward William Thomas and James Goss built another one in that vicinity, the presence of a belt of fine timber making the timber business quite profitable. Harvey Edgar- ton built a steam sawmill in the south-east, about 1830, at which time that part of the township first began to receive settlers to any extent. The earliest residents there were Sardis and Harvey Edgarton, Barton Brown, Mr. Akins, John Edgarton, Lewis Miller, Otis Billings and others. Abner S. Beales settled in 1831 near the Center, next to Robert Engle.. He lived there four years, and in 1835 removed to Parma. 512 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. EARLY INCIDENTS. The first marriage in Koyaltoii was that of Asa Nor- ton to Lovey Bunker. The ceremony, which was per- formed by " Squire " J. B. Stewart, was the maiden effort in that line of the newly-chosen justice. Going .nill in the pioneer days was a disagreea- ble nee ity, for there were none nearer than Vaughn's log gristmill, where Berea now stands, and the way to it was through a dense wilderness. Free- man Bunker, now a resident of Eoyalton, related how, when a boy, he used occasionally to set out for Vaughn's mill with three bushels of corn across his horse's back. By a peculiar arrangement, the like of which we have never observed before in the history of pioneer milling, Vaughn always went himself, or sent somebody, half way to meet such persons as had noti- fied him that they would have a grist for his mill. Young Bunker used to send the requisite notice be- forehand, and then, after struggling through the woods and underbrush to the place where he expected to meet Vaughn, would call out loudly, when the worthy miller would usually appear and take the grist away with him. Sometimes, however, owing to the vague character of the road, the lad or the miller failed to find the ajipointed spot, when the former would be compelled to roam around the woods a long time before finding the other end of this singular transportation line. Mr. Bunker relates that he was frequently followed by wolves during his trips to the mill and elsewhere, and that troops of them were common spectacles; but the craven creatures never made serious onslaughts save upon such small game as happened to be exposed to their attacks. Bear hunts, organized upon an ex- tensive plan, occasionally called nearly all the resi- dents of the township into service, but excursions after deer, turkeys, etc., were too common to attract any attention. It is said that there was not a single framed dwell- ing house in Eoyalton, until 1827, when Jonathan Bunker erected one. The first Fourth of July cele- bration was held in 1821, and was attended by the usual jollification customary on such events at that day. Francis How is said by some to have kept at the center the first tavern opened in Eoyalton, but this opinion is disputed by others, who claim that the first Boniface was Charles Coates, who kept on the State road, on the site of Asper's hotel, north of the center. ORGANIZATION. Previous to 1818 Eoyalton was a part of the civil township of Brecksville, but on the 27th day of Octo- ber, 1818, the county commissioners ordered that "township number five, in range thirteen, be set off into a separate township with the name of Eoyalton." It is said that Knight Sprague, the blind man before mentioned, was anxious to name the township in honor of his own native town of Eoyalton, in Ver- mont; and it is further said that he paid a gallon of whisky for the privilege, but to whom does not ap- pear. Doubtless it was distributed at a meeting of the "sovereigns" assembled to determine on a name. The first township election was held at the house of Eobert Engle, November 9, 1818, at which time the followmg oflScers were chosen: John B. Stewart, clerk; David Sprague, Francis How and Elias Keys, trustees; Benjamin Boyer, fence-viewer; Francis How and Elias Keys, appraisers of property; Eobert En- gle and Elias Keys, supervisors of highways; Abial Cushman, constable; Chauncey A. Stewart, treas- urer; Eobert Engle and David Sprague were the judges of the election, and Chauncey A. Stewart was the chairman. The first election for justices of the peace was held in 1819, when John B. Stewart and Sam'l Norton were chosen. The election was set aside, however, on the ground of illegality, and at a new election John B. Stewart and Lewis Carter were duly elected justices. Their commissions were dated August 10, 1819. We give herewith a list of the names of the persons who have served as trustees, clerks and treasurers of Eoyalton from its organiza- tion to 1879. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS. 1818. Trustees, David Sprague, Francis How, Elias Keys; clerk, J, B. Stewart; treasurer, C. A. Stewart. 1819. Trustees, Lewis Carter, David Sprague, Jonathan Bunlcer; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, C. A. Stewart. 1820. Trustees, Israel Sawyer, Isaac Isham, Sam'l Norton, Jr. ; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin. 1831. Trustees, Eliphalet Towsley, Israel Sawyer, James Bird; cleik, J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin. 1833. Trustees, Jonathan Bunker, John Ferris, John Smith; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, Parley Austin. 1823. Trustees, Parley Austin, Francis How, Elias Keys; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, Parley Austin. 1834. Trustees, Sam'l Norton, Ezra Leonard, C. A. Stewart; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin. 1825. Trustees, Boaz Granger, Ezra Leonard, Smith Ingalls; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer. Parley Austin. 1836. Trustees, Sniilh Ingalls, Ezra Leonard, John Ferris; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, P. Austin. 1827. Trustees, Wm. Teachout, Jas. Towsley, John Watkins; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, John Watkins. 1828. Trustees, Jas. Towsley, Smith Ingalls, James W. Wild ; clerk, John B. Stewart; treasurer, Thos. Francis. 1829. Trustees, Wm. Teachout, Edward Scofleld, Smith Ingalls; clerk, John Coates 3rd ; treasurer, Thomas Francis. 1830 and 1831. Trustees, Edward Scoflnld, W. D. Eastman, R. K Towsley; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, Thos. Francis. 1832. Trustees, C. Brunson, Wm, Teachout, Zara Sarles; clerk, J. B. Stewart; treasurer, John B. Davis. 1833. Trustees, Francis How, John Coates, Jr., Isaac Isham, Jr.; clerk, James Towsley ; treasurer, John B. Davis. 1834. Trustees, John Coates, Jr., Ebenezer Bostwick, John B. Stew- art; clerk, Jas. Towsley; treasurer, John B. Davis. 1835. Trustees, O. C. Gordon, Harvey Edgarton, Eliphalet Towsley; clerk, James Towsley ; treasurer, Francis How. 1836 and 1837. Trustees, O. 0. Gordon, Harvey Edgarton, J. B. Stew- art; clerk, Jas, Towsley; treasurer, John B. Davis. 1838. Trustees, J. B. Stewart. O. C. Gordon, William Teachout; clerk, Jas. Towsley; treasurer, John B. Davis. 18.39. Trustees, J. B. Stewart, Robert Wilkinson ,!Wm.Teachout; clerk, Jas. Towsley ; treasurer, O. C. Gordon. 1840. Trustees, Wm. Teachout, J. B. Stewart, Smith Ingalls; clerk, Eliphalet Towsley ; treasurer, 0. C. Gordon, 1841. Trustees, Smith IngiUs, John Coats, Francis Bark; clerk, Eliph- alet Towsley; treasurer, O. C. Go.don. 1842. Trustees, Smith Ingalls, Edwin Wilcox, Wm. Ferris ; clerk, Eliph- alet Towsley; tranurer, O. 0. Gordon. 1843. Trustees, Edwin Wilcox, Zara Sarles, Wm. Ferris; clerk, Eliph- alet Towsley; treasurer, H. M. Munson. 1844. Trustees, Zara Sarles Daniel A. Minor, Wm. Towsley; clerk, James Towsley; treasurer, Lewis How. 1845. Trustees, Parley Austin, Rowley Leonard, Joseph Teachout; clerk, Janies Towsley; treasurer, Edwin Wilcox, iROYALTON. 513 1846. Trustees, Smith Ingalls, Wm. D. Eastman, Wm. Teachout; clerk, Charles Teachout; treasurer, Lewis How. 1847. Trustees, Wm. D. Eastman, Wm. Ferris, Asa Vamey; clerk, A. Teachout; treasurer, L. How. 1848. Trustees, Smith Ingalls, James Towsley, S. M. Wilcox; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, Lewis How. 1849. Trustees, James Towsley, Zara Sarles, Edwin Wilcox; clerk, Joseph Smith ; treasurer, Lewis H^w. 1850. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Bufus D.Gibson, Thomas Bark; clerk, Joseph Smith ; treasurer, Lewis How. 1851. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Francis P. Howe, O. H. Grayes; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, Lewis How. 1862. Trustees, Henry Aiken, Norman A. Graves, Thomas Meacher; clerk, Joseph Smilh ; treasurer, Lewis How. 1853. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Thos. B. Coats, Wm. Ferris; clerk- James Towsley ; treasurer, Arenzo Sarles. 1854. Trustees, Robert Wilkinson, Henry Akin, T. B. Coates; clerk, Wm. Hodkinson ; treasurer, Lewis How. 1855. Trustees, Henry Akin, T. B. Coates, J. Marcellus; clerk, Thomas Coates; treasurer, Wm. Sarles. 1856. Trustees, D. A. Miner, SardisEdgarton,Wm. Ferris; clerk, Jas. Towsley ; treasurer, Martin S. Billings. ; 1857. Trustees, Dau'l Miner, Sardis Edgarton, Robert Wilkinson ; clerk, Joesph Smith ; treasurer, Martin S. Billings. 1858. Tnistees, !: ardis Edgarton, John Marcellus, James Ferris; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, .lames Towsley. 1859. Trustees, James Ferris, Sardis Edgarton, S. H. Stewart; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, James Towsley. 1860. Trustees, Charles Bangs, Edwin Wilcox, James Ferris; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, James Towsley. 1861. Tnistees, John Tompkins, W. W. Stockman, Zara Sarles; clerk, Jos. Smith ; treasurer, James Towsley. 1862. Trustees, John Tompkins, W. W. Stockman, Zara Sarles ; clerk, Jos. Smith; treasurer, O. C. Gordon. 1863. Trustees, B. S. Tyler, John Tompkins, Ransom Walling; clerk, Jos. Smith; treasurer, O. C. Gordon. 1864. Trustees, B. S. Tyler, Stillman Tupper, Geo. Johnson; clerk, Jos. Smith; treasurer, O. C. Gordon. 1865. Trustees, Chas. Bangs, Chas. Robinson, O. H. Claflin; clerk, Geo. S. Morrell; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1866. Trustees, Chas. Bangs, Chas. Robinson, O. H. Claflin; clerk, J. M. Wilcox; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1867. Trustees, Orrille Bangs, John Tompkins, Wm. Ferris; clerk, M, G. Billings; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1868. Trustees, John Tompkins, Thos. Bolton, Wm. Spencer; clerk, Farnum Gibbs; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1869 and 1870. Trustees, T. S. Bolton, Simon Wilkinson, Hamlin Mil- ler; clerk, Farnum Gibbs; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1871. Trustees, Geo. Matthews, G. H. Stewart, O. Taylor; clerk, Far- num Gibbs ; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1872. Trustees Geo. Matthews, G. H. Stewart, Oliver Taylor; clerki A. E. Akin; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1873. Trustees, George Matthews, G. H. Stewart, Wm. Tompkins; clerk, A. E. Akin; treasurer, L. S. Sarlts. 1874. Trustees, Geo. Matthews, Wm. Tompkins, Freeman Norton; clerk, Joseph Smith ; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1875. Trustees, Oliver Taylor, Geo. Matthews, Freeman Norton ; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, L. S. Sarles. 1876. Trustees, Oliver Taylor, Geo. Matthews, Freeman Norton; clerk, A. K. Akin ; treasurer^ L. S. Sarles. 1877 and 1878. Trustees, Geo. Matthews, Freeman Norton, Sardis Ed- garton, Jr.; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, OUver Taylor. 1879. Trustees, Sardis Edgarton, Geo. Matthews, Joseph Turney; clerk, Joseph Smith; treasurer, Oliver Taylor. POST OFFICE. Down to 1835 the people of Eoyalton had to go to Cleveland for their mail, except that some of them bargained with J. W. Weld to bring their letters and papers to them for a small compensation— fifty cents weekly from each person thus served. In 1835 Smith Ingalls was appointed postmaster, but as he resided in the western part of the township, he deputized S. K. Greenleaf, living near the center, to transact the business. Since Mr. Ingalls' time the Royalton post- masters have been William Towsley, Tristram Ean- dall, Lorenzo Hopkins, W. W. Stockman, Charles W. Foster, S. W. Chandler, Lewis Granger, Joseph W. Smith,' Charles Bangs, M. S. Billings, Byron Babcock 65 and Thomas Coates; the last named being the pres- ent incumbent. EOYALTON CENTEE. Eoyalton Center, the only village in the township, occupies a pleasant and healthful elevation whence the eye has a very fine view of the surrounding coun- try. The village contains the town hall, three stores, three churches, an Odd Fellows' lodge, and a hand- some cemetery. A majority of the residents of the township do their trading at this point, and it is there- fore the seat of considerable business, while it is also made attractive by the presence of many elegant rural homes. FIEST BAPTIST CHUECH. Eev. Henry Hudson, an early settler in Eoyalton, who was a doctor as well as a minister, was among the early preachers to the Baptists of Royalton. Prior to 1878, the members of that denomination used to assemble frequently for prater and other public de- votional exercises. In that year the First Baptist Church was organized. The first members were the following: Henry Hudson, Priscilla Hudson, James Teachout, William Dyke, Elizabeth Dyke, William, Lydia and John Teachout, Relief Austin, Merrick Eockwell and Clarissa Teachout. The first deacon was William Dyke. The stone church at the center was the first one built, and was erected in 1850, services, previous to that time, having been held in school-houses and the town-house. Thomas Eederup, Francis Norton and John Edgarton were the building committee which superintended its erection. The church had a mem- bership of forty-five. Mr. Hudson was the pastor until his death, and served for a period of about twenty-five years — his annual salary rarely exceeding fifty dollars. There was a division in the church in 1838; and later, dur- ing Rev. Mr. Oonley's time, a second one, hut the organization is now prosperous, and contains sixty members. The pastor is Rev. S. S. Watkins. FEBE-WILL BAPTIST CHUECH. The early recoi'ds of this church have been lost, and the date of its organization is fixed, therefore, by conjecture at about 1836. Worship was first held at the Center, but in 1843 the location was changed to Coates' Corners.* Public services were held there in a school-house until 1850, when, after a protracted discussion which had lasted several years, the present church-edifice was erected. On the 1st of August, 1879, the church member- ship was thirty-eight. The pastor was Eev. J. H. Baldwin; the trustees were George Kendall and Fran- * An entry upon the records under date of February 18, 1843, sets forth "that the brethren in Eoyalton met in monthly meeting, had a good time but under some trials; received three members, J. Bunker, M. Varny and S. Horton, and moved the church down to Coates' Cor- ners." 514 THE TOWNSHIPS OF OtJYAHOGA COUNTY. cis Miner, and the deacons, George Kendall and Francis Bark. THE DISCIPLE CHITECH. In the year 1828 Ezra Leonard invited Mr. Hayden, a Disciple preacher, to visit Eoyalton and hold relig- ious services for the few of that faith who then re- sided there. Mr. Hayden responded promptly, and preached his first sermon in the house of John B. Stewart. Soon afterward Edward Scofield, formerly of the Baptist Church, moved into town, and with Mr. Hayden preached occasionally to the Disciples. Mr. Hayden preached in Mr. John Ferris' barn in June, 1839, and on that occasion baptized a number of converts. In the autumn of 1829 a church organization was effected. The elders then chosen were Jewett M. Frost, John B. Stewart, Adin Dyke and William Buck. The deacons were Almon Eastman and Henry Bangs. The original membership of thirty has stead- ily increased until there are now one hundred and eight names on the roll. The elders in 1879 are Charles Johnson, Abel Benn«t, William S. Greene and John B. Stewart, and the deacons are Clark Gibbs and Justin Bark. William Moody, of Lafay- ette, preaches to the congregation once a fortnight. The society owns a handsome church edifice at the center, and is in the enjoyment of decided prosperity. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. This body was organized about 1836, but until 1859 worship was heldiu school houses and the town- house. In the latter year the present church-building was erected. The organization was originally located in the southeastern portion of Eoyalton, and, for a time, the Stewart sehool-house was used as a house of worship. Revs. Hugh L. Parish and — Fitch, who organized the church, were the first preachers, at which time the charge was included in the Brooklyn circuit. Subsequently the church was attached suc- cessively to the Brunswick, Hinckley and Brecksville circuits, in which latter it still remains. The first class-leader was Hiram Sarles, who was one of the most prominent members of the church. The pres- ent class-leader is James Ferris, and the trustees are John Hall, William Babcock and James Ferris. There are now twenty-six members. The pulpit is without a regular pastor, depending upon occasional supplies. ST. maet's (catholic) chuech. In 1854 there were nine Catholic families in Royal- ton, and in response to their request Bishop Rappe came out from Cleveland and held services at the house of Thomas Montague at the center. Afterward Fathers Hannan, John and Halley were sent out to preach occasionally, and during the time of the latter, in 1858, the members of the congregation purchased the building now used as a church. The first trustees or councilmen of the church were Patrick Flynn, William Manny and James Morris. The present trustees are Patrick Manny and Bartholomew Lyons. About twenty-five families now attend the church, to whom Father Zarenczy, of Berea, preaches once a month, performing mass, however, every week. schools. Authorities differ as to who was the first teacher in Eoyalton. Oren Abbott and Wm. Towsley have both been named as such, but the weight of evidence is in favor of Eunice Stewart. The school-house in which her labors were pursued was located upon the northeast corner of section five; and there, also, John B. Stewart — the second teacher in the town- ship — taught shortly afterwards. A log school-house was put up in section nineteen at a very early date, in which Wm. Towsley was the first teacher. After him, Abial Cushman was the pedagogue. The teachers of that day were perhaps imperfectly supplied with knowledge, but it is gener- ally agreed by those whose memory extends to that time that they were an energetic, painstaking and industrious class of men and women. In 1830, when the township was set off into four school districts, there were thirty-five householders in District No. 1, twenty-two in District No. 2, six- teen in District No. 3, and seventeen in Dis- trict No. 4. The township is now supplied with nine excellent schools, at which the average daily attendance is 244, out of a school enumeration of 335. The township tax for school purposes in 1879 was $1,378. INDUSTEIES. About 1866 James Wyatt introduced the manu- facture of cheese as a regular business into Royalton, and for a few years, did a thriving business. In 1869 Charles Bangs and L. S. Sarles began operations, and carried them forward in company until 1871 when they dissolved, and Bangs removed to his present location, and has since then been engaged in the busi- ness to a considerable extent. After a partnership with A. E. Aikens of three years and continuation on his own account until 1877, Mr. Sarles retired from the business, leaving the field to Mr. Bangs. Royalton was at one time esteemed a famous dairy town, and produced a great quantity of milk, but latterly this branch of farming has declined in pro- portion to others, although still receiving no small share of the husbandman's attention. Capital is likewise invested in nurseries of which several send to market annually a valuable list of trees, plants, etc. General farming is, however, the main dependence of the people, and as the country contains a fruitful soil, the agricultural interests are exceedingly pros- perous; the farmers being usually in comfortable, and often in affluent circumstances. EMPIEB LODGE, I. O. 0. F. Empire Lodge, No. 346, I. 0. 0. F.,"was insti- tuted in July, 1859, with twelve charter members, SOLON. 515 viz: Charles Bangs, Orville Bangs, Joseph W. Smith, John Marcellus, William Frost, Thomas S. Bark, Wesley Pope, J. T. Akers, Edwin Bangs, George Johnson, Charles Heath and L. S. Sarles. The lodge owns a large framed edifice at the cen- ter (built in 1864) in the upper portion of which is a well appointed and commodious lodge room; the lower part being used as a store. The membership in Au- gust, 1879, was forty, although in 1878 twenty mem- bers withdrew upon the formation of a lodge in Brecksville. The present officers are Geo. Mathews, N. 6.; John Kirkland, V. G.; D. C. Marcellus, T., F. Lesser, R. S. ; Joseph W. Smith, P. S. CEMETERIES. The first public cemetery in Royalton was laid out at the center, a tract of five acres having been bought from John Watkins for that purpose. Upon that tract the town hall, the Baptist church and the cem- etery are located. The latter is now a neglected, weed-choked and most unsightly spot. The first death in the township was that of Catherine, wife of Charles Coates. She was buried in a family burial place upon the Coates farm. There are several cem- eteries in the township, of which the finest in appear- ance is the one at the center adjoining the Disciple church. It is prettily adorned, and its neatly kept walks, graceful foliage, and beautiful monuments, are well calculated to relieve the sad thoughts which nat- urally associate themselves with the homes of the dead. CHAPTER LXXXV. SOLON. Two Families on the VFay— Their Tedious Route— Bobbins and Bull make the First Settlement— Oliver Wells— Arrival of Miss Delia— First Twins— The First School- Organization of Township— Names of the Voters— Choice of a Name— The First Officers— Chasing an Elk— First Settlement on North Half— On Hampshire Street— Increasing Emi. gration— R. M. Hanaford— Wm. Pillsbury at the Center— W. W. Higby -Settlers on the Ledge— A Disgusted Stranger— First Jlarriage and Death- First Church and Physician— Bears, Deer and Rattlesnakes- Black Salts— Selling Sugar in Cleveland— Going Courting in Aurora— A Professor in the Woods— The First Store— Captain Archibald Rob- bins— General Improvement, Mails, etc.— Solon in the War— Education —Railroads— Business Places at the Center— Congregational Church- Disciples' Church— Methodist Church— Principal Township Officers. In the month of August, 1820, two families, well supplied with teams, household goods, and especially with children, might have been seen making their tedi- ous way along the rough road from Newburg through Independence to Hudson in the present county of Suttimit, and thence northeastward to Aurora, now in Portage county, where they made their temporary stopping-place. From that point the heads of the two families made a thorough examination of the un- occupied land round about, and after due considera- tion determined to locate themselves in the west part of the " Williams and Ellsworth " tract, which com- prised the southern portion of township six, range ten, then described as the survey-township of Milan, but now known as the civil township of Solon. The heads of those two families were Samuel Bull and Captain Jason Robbins, both lately from Wethers- field, Hartford county, Connecticut, and both, when past the meridian of life (Mr. Bull being forty-five years old and Captain Robbins fifty-eight), having determined to try their fortunes in what was ihen called the far western wilderness of ISTorthern Ohio. Having erected their log-houses (those inevitable pioneer palaces), and having made such other pre- parations as circumstances permitted, the two men, in the month of November, 1820, moved their famihes from Ansom to their new homes; thus becoming the first settlers in the present township of Solon. Al- though these were the only two families in the town- ship, yet they made quite a beginning in the way of settlement, as Mr. Bull had six children and Captain Robbins full as many. Their places were situated on what had been an important mail and supply route from Pittsburg to Cleveland during the war of 1812, but which in 1820 had been abandoned in favor of the road through the more settled regions of Independence, Hudson, etc., and had become impassable by reason of growing bushes and fallen timber. It is now the direct route from Cleveland through Solon Center to Aurora. Their nearest neighbors were two miles to the south- east, in the northwest corner of Aurora. In the direction of Cleveland they could travel without see- ing a single residence to a point within three miles of the village of Newburg, and nine miles from their own homes. To the westward, also, it was nine miles to a neighbor, who resided in the southwesternmost part of Bedford. Of the four men and women who thus began the settlement of Solon, all remained at their chosen loca- tion throughout their lives. Samuel Bull died in 1838, at the age of sixty-three; Mrs. Eleanor Robbins died in 1850, at the age of seventy-seven; Captain Jason Robbins died in 1852, at the age of ninety; while Mrs. Fanny Huntington Bull, the last and oldest of the venerable quartette, survived to the re- markable age of ninety-four, dying in the year 1872. Of Mr. Bull's family, Pitkin S., Lorenzo S. and Nor- man A. are still living, and it is from the second named that we have derived the facts previously nar- rated. Of Mr. Bobbins' family, W. W. Robbins and Mrs. I. N. Blaekman still suivive. The third family which settled in the township was that of Oliver Mills, who came from the same locality as Messrs. Robbins and Bull in the autumn of 1821, and located on lot number forty of the Williams and Ellsworth tract, being the southwest- ernmost lot in the township. From this time for- ward there were but few arrivals for nearly ten years; the land being held at higher prices by the proprie- tors than most emigrants were willing to pay. We must not, however, neglect to mention one im- portant arrival which occurred soon after Mr. Wells' 516 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. settlement in the township — that of Delia, a daugh- ter of Mr. and Mrs. Oliver Wells, and the first white child born in Solon. The same couple were also the parents of the first twins born in the township, who followed in due season after Miss Delia. The first school in Solon was taught by John Henry about 1833, his only patrons being Messrs. Bobbins and Bull, who were the only two who lived near enough to join in the enterprise. Bobbins furnished four children and Mr. Bull three. The price was ten dollars a month and board, and, according to Mr. L. S. Bull, his father paid in shoemaking and Cap- tain Bobbins in maple sugar. Although emigration was slow, yet a few settlers did arrive, and by 1835 there were eight voters m the town- ship: Messrs. Bobbins, Bull and Wells, already named, young P. S. Bull, then just come of age, and four new arrivals, John C. Carver, C. M. Leach, Thomas Marshall and Ichabod Watrous — all in the south part of the township. Down to this time the survey- township of Milan had remained a part of the civil township of Orange, but in the year last named the eight gentlemen mentioned, thinking perhaps that it would attract attention and emigration, determined to have an organization of their own. On their petition the county commissioners set ofE Milan into a separate township, and ordered an election of officers. By general consent the other settlers accoi-ded to Messrs. Bull and Bobbins, as the earliest pioneers, the privilege of naming the new township. They were desirous of commemorating some name connected with one of their families, but as neither Bulltown nor Bobbinsburg seemed to sound exactly right, they finally agreed to adopt the second name of Mr. Bull's second son, Lorenzo Solon Bull, now the worthy post- master at Solon Center. The complaisant commis- sioners confirmed the appellation, and tluis the name of the great Grecian lawgiver was applied (although at second hand) to one of the pleasant and fertile townships of Cuyahoga county. At the first election the following officers were chosen: Trustees, Juson Bobbins, Samuel Bull, Icha- bod Watrous; clerk, Jason Bobbins; treasurer, Pitkin S. Bull; constable, Pitkin S. Bull; overseer of the poor, Pitkin S. Bull; justice of the peace, Oliver Wells. The list is furnished us by the numerously elected Pitkin S. Bull, the only survivor of the official five to whom the eight offices were allotted. Solon, when first settled, like all the rest of the Western Beserve, abounded in wild game; not only were wolves, deer, bear, etc., to be found there in great numbers, but occasionally even tlie lofty elk was to be seen bearing aloft his wide-branching horns adown the forest glade, and starting in sudden dismay at the faintest sound of the woodman's axe. These stately animals, however, very speedily disappeared. In 1831, the year after the first settlement, P. S. Bull and Warren Warner chased a large buck elk for three days through Milan (Solon) and the adjoining town- ships, it being finally killed in Northfield (now in Summit county) by a third hunter, who struck its track a little ahead of the unlucky Milanese and gained the prize. This was, so far as known, the last elk seen in the township. Bear remained a few years longer, and other wild game was abundant till a far later period. The first settlement in the north half of the town- ship was made about 1837 by John Morse, who located near the old State road before mentioned (running from Cleveland to Aurora, etc.), not far from the Bedford line. He was followed within two or three years by Joseph G. Patrick, Baxter Clough, — Gerish and others, from the State of New Hampshire; for which reason that road has been called Hampshire street down to the present time. John C. Sill settled in the township in 1831, and Walter Stannard and John Hodge about the same time. Mr. Martle settled in the extreme northwest part of the township. And now the tide of emigration began to rise rap- idly. In 18-33 Beubeu M. Hanaford settled in Hamp- shire street, about a mile and a half northwestward from the center. He is still living at the latter place, and we are indebted to his vigorous memory for many facts regarding the history of the township subsequent to his arrival. Not a tree had then been cut within a mile of the center. William Pillsbury, however, purchased the land around the center that same year. No roads were cut out in that jjart of the township, and no wagons were in use. There were merely paths through the woods, traversed summer and winter by ox-sleds. William W. Higby was then working in Solon, where he has ever since been a permanent resident. Elijah Pettibone settled that year (1833) in the south- east part of the township, where he and his sons have since been permanent citizens. William W. Eichards, C. E. Fletcher and John Hale all came that year or the next, and settled in the south and northwest parts of the township. These, including Pettibone, were all from Jefferson county. New York. The first settlers in the north part, on what is. known as "The Ledge," were Elisha Wilmott and Albert Pond, who located there about 1833. These were soon followed by Abraham Witter, George H. Mason, Stephen Dunwell and Alvin Harrington, most of these in this section being from Maine. Deacon John Barnard settled in the township about 1833. The ground at the center being low and somewhat wet, that was one of the last points to be settled. An anecdote related by Mr. Hanaford shows the unpleas- ant impression which the township, artd especially that portion of it, made upon strangers at the period of which we are speaking. Several roads had been laid out, meeting at the center, but none had been cat out, all being designated only by lines of marked trees. Having occasion to go to Twinsburg, during the first year of his residence in the township, Mr. Hanaford followed the line of marked trees south to that point, and then returned by the same track to SOLON. 517 the center. As he approached the latter point toward nightfall, he saw a man on horseback looking anxious- ly at the various indications of highways yet to be. "See here, stranger," he exclaimed, immediately on observing Mr. Hanaford, "I wish you would tell me which way I ought to go to get out of this in- fernal town." "Well," replied Mr. Hanaford, "that depends on where you want to go to. This line of marked trees," pointing south, "leads to Twinsburg; that one runs southwest to Aurora; that one due north will take you to Orange; this one on the west " — "No matter about that," interrupted the traveler; "I've just came from the west through that cursed swamp, and I'll swear I don't want to go that way. I don't care where these other trails go to either; all I want to know is which is the quickest way out of town. " Mr. Hanaford gave him the distances to the various points mentioned, the stranger selected the nearest one and immediately started toward it at a rapid pace. Scarcely had he got out of sight when the wolves were heard howling in the forest; a circumstance which probably did not diminish his anxiety to get "out of town," and which caused Mr. Hanaford to hasten^his pace materially on his way home. The first man who built, a house at the Center was Freeman McClintoek, who located there in 1833 or '33. He resided there in his log cabin two or three years before any joined him. The axes of the woodmen now resounded on every side, and in three years after Mr. Hanaford's arrival, in 1833, nearly all the land in the township had been purchased from the original proprietors. It was not until about 1833 that the first marriage took place in Solon, the parties being Baxter Olough and Hannah Gerrish, both of "Hampshire street," the ofiSciating magistrate being Oapt. John Eobbins, the second justice of the peace in Solon. The first death was that of Mrs. Thomas Marshall, which occurred in 1834, fourteeij years after the settlement of the township. There being, naturally, no burying-ground in Solon before there was a death, she was taken to what was called the Seward burying- ground, in Aurora, for interment. Several other of the Solon pioneers also rest there. By this time both the Presbyterians and the Meth- odists had begun to hold meetings in the township— in fact, Presbyterian meetings were held at Mr. Han- aford's house as early as 1833. In 1834 or '35 a reg- ular church of that denomination was formed, being composed largely of the New Englanders on Hamp- shire street. A year or so later they built the first church edifice in the township, at the Center. It was the second frame building there, and was placed on high posts ("stilts," some called them) on account of the dampness of the soil. A separate sketch will be given of this church with the others. In 1834 the first physician, Dr. Alpheus Morrill, settled in Solon. He remained several years. The same year that the doctors began to come the bears disappeared. Mr. S. S. Bull mentions that the last of those animals was seen in Solon in 1834. In that year four were killed in the township ; one by Thomas Marshall, one by S. S. Bull, one by William W. Higby, and one very large one, weighing about four hundred pounds, by Jason Eobbins, 3nd. The deer still continued quite numerous, and many a jolly hunt was enjoyed by the youth of Solon. William W. Higby stood at the head of the Nimrods of that township, and had hardly a rival in tlie country round, excepting Hiram SpofEord, of Bedford, who hunted largely in Solon. Neither of them consid- ered it a very remarkable feat to kill from six to eight fat deer in the course of a day, while as to raccoons, turkeys, etc., they numbered their victims by the hundreds every season. Rattlesnakes, too, were extremely frequent through- out the pioneer period, especially on "the ledge" in the northern part of the township. One night when Albert Pond got up to attend to his sick child he was somewhat startled to find a large, yellow rattlesnake stretched out comfortably in front of the embers of the fire. Similar unpleasant en- counters with these reptiles were not uncommon, but we do not hear of any fatal results — except to the snakes. The early exports of Solon consisted of maple sugar, "black salts," and deerskins. The "black salts," as is known by all the older citizens, were the results of boiling down the ley made from the ashes which could be produced in abundance by every energetic settler in clearing his own land. These were gen- ■ erally sold at Newburg. As they could speedily be transformed into pot- and pearl-ashes, which might be shipped cast at slight expense, they would bring cash, when grain was almost unsaleable from the fact that the -transportation cost nearly or quite as much as it was worth in the Eastern markets. As for sugar and molasses, each man who had a surplus when the maple-sugar season was on, put it in a wagon and started with an ox-team for Cleve- land, occupying two days in the trip. There he would take a pail and a pair of steelyards and drive from house to house, selling from ten to fifty pounds in a place. If even a merchant took a whole barrel, he was thought to be doing a wholesale business. While many young married men, with their fami- lies, came into Solon at this period, a large propor- tion of the settlers were bachelors. Nearly every one of these, as soon as he had made a little clearing and built a log cabin, would start for the nearest settle- ment, hunt up a good-looking girl and go to courting her with a straightforward energy which seldom failed of success. As Aurora (Portage county) was the oldest settled township in the vicinity, and the most convenient of access, and was also blessed with an ample supply of handsome, agreeable and indus- trious young ladies, the solitary Solonites betook themselves thither in large numbers, and with emi- 518 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. nent good fortune, a larger proportion of the pioneer mothers of Solon coming from Aurora than from any other township on the Reserve. Even after tlie building of the Presbyterian Church at the Center, it was sometimes difficult for the min- isters wlio were to preach in it to find their way to the house of the Lord through the thinly-settled woods of Solon. Professor Reuben Nutting, of Western Reserve College at Hudson, who occasionally preached there, got belated one cool Saturday night in autumn, when on his way thither on horseback, lost his way when within a mile of the meeting-house, and, after wandering around for a long time, finally became sat- isfied that he could not find his way out. The pro- fessor had evidently been deeply impressed by the sanitary precept, " Keep your feet warm and your head cool." Having hitched his horse and taken off the saddle, with the invariable saddle-bags, which formed a part of every minister's equipment in those days, he took the "comfoi-ter" from his neck, cut it in two, wrapped the pieces around his feet, and then bestowed his pedal extremities, one in each of the saddle-bags. Thus protected, he lay down on the dry- est place he could find, and it is to be presumed that, whatever may have been his sufferings in other re- spects, he didn't catch cold in his feet. The next morning he found his way to the waiting, congrega- tion, but was too much exhausted to speak until after- noon. It was not ui'til about 1840 that Solon was far enough advauced to support a store. The first one was then established at the center by Captain Archi- bald Robbins, son of Captain Jason Robbins, the early settler before mentioned, who had become a resident of the township many years after his father. The younger Captain Bobbins had had a very roman- tic and thrilling experience. He had been the mate of Captain Riley, whose "Narrative" was once read with delighted interest by thousands of youth throughout the country. Riley and Robbins, with their crew, had been cast ashore on the western coast of Africa; had been captured by Arabs, and had only escaped after along and painful captivity. Captain Robbins also published a narrative of his adventures, but it was not as widely known as that of Captain Riley, perhaps because the former, being a very plain, straightforward man, did not embellish his account with the productions of his imagination sufficiently to suit the popular taste. After jiaving subsequently been in chief command of various ves- sels for a number of years, and after keeping a store a few years at Griffithsburg, now in the township of Chagrin Falls, Captain Robbins had finally estab- lished himself in Solon, where he died in 1859 at the age of sixty-seven. Besides his store at the center he had an ashery, where he made black salts and pearl- ash, which for a long time were almost legal tender among the settlers. We have now given a brief sketch of the pioneer times in Solon. After 1840 the township rapidly assumed the appearance of a cultivated country. Framed houses superseded log ones on all the princi- pal roads, and in time even the byroads showed the same signs of thrift and prosperity. The population steadily increased. The deer disappeared before the advancing waves of civilization. A small village slowly grew up at Solon Center, whither the farmers brought a portion of their products, while the re- mainder was furnished a I'eady market by the re- markable growth of Cleveland. A steam sawmill was built at the center before the war of 1861 by — John- son, which is still in operation there, being owned by John Cowen. Another steam sawmill with a large cheese-box factory connected with it was erected by Calvin Gilfert, and operated by him until it was de- stroyed by fire a few years since. At length came the war for the Union, when the youth of Solon promptly responded to their country's call. The deeds of the regiments in which they were embodied are recorded in their appi'opriate place in the general history, and the names of the gallant sons of Solon are to be found with their comrades from other towns appended to their lespective regiments •and batteries. A detachment of the first recruits Joined the Twenty-third Ohio, President Hayes' regi- ment. Eacli of these was presented with a pistol by the patriotic ladies of the township. An interesting incident, growing out of this circumstance and con- nected with Corporal Sheridan E. Bull, son of Loren- zo S. Bull and grandson of Samuel Bull, the pioneer settler, is narrated in the sketch of that regiment in the general history. Aside from war, the most important event in the history of the township in later years has been the construction of the Cleveland branch of the Atlantic and Great Western Railway, which runs diagonally across the township from northwest to southeast. The establishment of its depot about a fourth of a mile northwest of the original "Center," has caused a considerable extension of the village in that direc- tion. Great attention has always been paid to education in Solon, and it still ranks among the foremost rural townships of northern Ohio in that respect. In 18G7 and '68 a very fine brick school-house was erected at the center designed for the use of the village district, and as a high school for the township. There are two teachers in it, and about seventy scholars. In 1878 a narrow gauge railroad was completed from Chagrin Falls to Solon. Its effect in increasing the business of the latter place s yet to be seen. The business places and shops of Solon now comprise the following list: Four general stores, one drug store, one tin shop, one hotel, two blacksmith shops, one shoe shop and one steam sawmill. Of late years dairying has become a leading business of the farmers, and there are now five cheese factories in the town- ship. The remainder of the township history will be de- voted to brief sketches of the three churches which SOLOl?. 519 have been organized in it, and to a list of the principal township officers. '• THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. ' As hefore stated, this church was organized in 1834 or '35, the presiding minister having been Rev. John Seward, of Aurora, Portage connty. The first mem- bers were Joseph Patrick and Amanda, his wife; Bax- ter Clough and Hannah, his wife; Samuel Gerrish and Betsey, his wife; John Morse, his mother and his sister Prudence; Asa Stevens and Susan, his wife, and R. M. Hanaford and Nancy, his wife. Probably William Pillsbury and wife, and Horace Merry were also among those present at the organization; if not, they joined shortly afterward. Asa Stevens was one of the first deacons. For about a year the church usually met at the house of old Mrs. Morse, a mile or so northwest of the Center. At the end of that time the framed cliurch, still in use, was erected at the Center. Dur- ing eleven yeai's there was no settled minister, the pulpit being filled by professors from Western Reserve College, by occasional supplies, by lay readers, etc. In 1845 Rev. John Seward, the same who had or- ganized the church, became its permanent pastor, and remained so until 1861. The church has since main- tained itself in a condition of steady prosperity. There are now about one hundred persons whose names are on the roll, of whom at least eighty are regular communicants. Rev. James Webster is the present pastor, 1878. THE DISCIPLE CHURCH. Disciple meetings were held at Solon as early as 1840. On the 29th of November, 1841, a church was fully organized there, with thirteen members. It has flourished and increased ever since, having now about a hundred members. Among its ministers have been the following: J. H. Rhoads, J. H. Jones, T. B. Knowles, James A. Garfield, H. W. Everest, John Smith, 0. C. Hill, John Atwater, A. B. Greene, and the present incumbent, 0. W. Henry. The elders are L. S. Bull, H. P. Boynton and C. S. Carver; the deacons, F. H. Baldwin, M. J. Roberts and W. W. Robbins; the trustees, F. H.- Baldwin, W. W. Rob- bins and J. J. Little. THE METHODIST CHURCH. There was Methodist preaching at the school-house on " the ledge " in the north part of the township as early as 1840, and soon afterwards at the school- house at the Center, but it was not until 1854 that a church edifice was built, and regular service estab- lished. There was then quite a flourishing congrega- tion, but it has since become so enfeebled by removals, deaths, etc., that it is impossible to learn the details regarding its early history. Preaching was regularly maintained from the erec- tion of the church edifice most of the time until about 1869. Rev. Mr. Vernon was the pastor in 1866, Rev. Mr. Latimer in 1868, and .Rev. Mr. Burgess in 1869. Since then, the congregation have had to de- pend principally on transient preaching. PRINCIPAL TOWNSHIP OFFICERS, The township records down to 1838 are destroyed or lost; so that we can only give the names of the officers elected from that time to the present, with the addition of those chosen the first year, who were as follows: Trustees, Jason Robbins, Samuel Bull and Ichabod Watkins; clerk, Jason Robbins; treas- urer, Pitkin S. Bull; overseer of the poor, Pitkin S. Bull; constable, Pitkin S. Bull; justice of the peace, Oliver Wells. 1838. Trustees, Samuel Glasier, James M. Hickox. Jarvis McCon- oughy; clerk, Joseph G. Patrick; treasurer, Freeman McClintoek; over- seers of the poor, Collins Reed, William Higby. 1889. Trustees, S. Glasier, Wm. Higby, Ralph Russell; clerk, J. G. Patrick; treasurer, Reuben M. Hanaford; overseers of the poor. Col, lins Reed, Seymour Trowbrdge. 1840. Trustees, S. M. Hickox, J. G. Patrick, Theodore S. Powell; clerk, Archibald Robbins; treasurer, R. M. Hanaford; overseers of the poor, Wm. R. Richards, James MoConoughy. 1841. Trustees, Morris Bosworth, Obadiah B. Judd; clerk, John M. Hart; treasurer, S. Trowbridge; overseers of the poor, Wm. Higby, Henry Hillman. 1843. Trustees, Ebenezer Gove, Daniel Morae, Caleb R. Fletcher; clerk, H. W. Hart; treasurer, S. Trowbridge; assessor. Arch. Robbins; overseers of the poor, W. W. Robbins, Asa Stevens. 1843. Trustees, Leander Chamberlin, Joel Seward, Wm. Higby; clerk, A. Robbins: treasurer, Asa Stevens; assessor, J. M. Hart; overseers of the poor, Samuel Glasier, Geo. Mann. 1844. Trustees, Simeon T. Shepard, Sanford H. Bishop, Seymour Trowbridge; clerk, A. Robbins; treasurer, Joel Seward; assessor, J. G. Patrick; overseers of the poor, John McClintoek, James Smith. 1845. Trustees, S. H. Smith, W. W. Richards, L. S. Bull; clerk, A. Robbins; treasurer, S. T. Shepard; assessor, R. M. Hanaford; over- seers of the poor, John McClintoek, S. Trowbridge. 1846. Trustees, Joel Seward, H. W. Hart, E. Cook; clerk, L. S. Bull; treasurer, A. Robbins ; assessor, O. B. Judd. 1847. Trustees, C. R. Fletcher, Simon Norton, S. H. Bishop; clerk, John Deady ; treasurer, J. M. Hickox; assessor, Almon Case. 1848. Trustees, Daniel Morse, Wm. W. Richards, Norman A. Bull; clerk, Wm. R. Robbins; treasurer, John M. Hart; assessor, R. M. Han- aford. 1849. Trustees, Henry G. March, Leander Chamberlain, E. Gove; clerk, W. R. Robbins; treasurer, J. G. Patrick; assessor, L. S. Bull. 1850. Trustees, H. G. March, Wm. R. Sill, S. Trowbridge ; clerk, Ed- mund Richmond; treasurer, A. Robbins; assessor, S. H. Bishop. 1851. Trustees. S. Trowbridge, Richard Dewey, Francis Pettibone; clerk, W. R. Robbins; treasurer, A. Robbins; assessor, O. B. .ludd. 1852. Trustees, Robert Smith, C. R. Smith, W. W. Robbins; clerk, W. W. Barnard; treasurer, J. J. McClintoek; assessor, Austin Blaokman. 1853 Trustees, W. W. Richards, Norman A. Bull, Orris B. Smith ; clerk, Wm. R. Robbins ; treasurer, Geo. S. Hickox ; assessor, F. Petti- bone. 1854. Trustees, J. M. Hickox, Dexter McClintoek, Wm. Higby; clerk, John Deady; treasurer, Wm. B. Price; Assessor, F. Pettibone. 1855. Trustees, Calvin T. Reed, H. G. March, S. T. Shepard; clerk, John Deady; treasurer. W. B. Price; assessor, F. Pettibone. 1856. Trustees, Daniel, Calvin Gilbert, Augustus Pettibone; clerk, S. B. Smith: treasurer, W. B. Price; assessor, G. Gove. 1858. Trustees, R. M. Hanaford, C. H. Baldwin, L. Chamberlain; clerk, Wm. K. Ricksecker; treasurer, C. Gilbert; assessor, Norman A Bull. 1859. Trustees, R. M. Hanaford, S. T. Shepherd, O. B. Smith; clerk, W. K. Ricksecker; treasurer, W. R. Robbins; assessor, H. A. Smith. 1860. Trustees, H. N. Slade, James Wester, R. Dewey; clerk, R. R. K. Merrill; treasurer, C. B. Lockwood; assessor, H. A. Smith. 1861. Trustees, H. N. Slade, C. Chamberlain, G. G. Hickox; clerk, Hiram Chapman ; treasurer, C. B. Lockwood ; assessor, A. Blackman. 1862. Trustees, G. G. Hickox, Alfred Stevens, Royal Taylorand; clerk, W. R. Robbins; treasurer, C. B. Lockvfood; assessor, C. H. Baldwin. 1863. Trustees, Royal Taylor 2nd, O. B. Smith, Alfred D. Robbins; clerk, R. R. K. Merrill; treasurer, J. C. Webster; assessor, C. H. Bald- win. 1864. Trustees, O. B. Smith, A. N. Slade, J. N. Blackman ; clerk, A. M. Smith; treasurer, A. D. Robbins; assessor, L. S. Bull. 1865. Trustees, H.N. Slade, J. M. Hickox, S. P. McConoughy; clerk, A. M.Smith; treasurer, E. C. Blackman; assessor, C. T. Reed. 620 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1866. Trustees, 0. H. Carmon, Fenner Bosworth, J. M. Hickox; clerk, J. L. Chamberlain; treasurer, E, C. Blaokman; assessor, H. A. Smith. 1867. Trustees, J. M. Jlickox, F. Bosworth, H A. Smith; clerk, J. L. Ohamherlin; treasurer, E, C. Blaokman; assessor, L. Chamberlain. 1868. Trustees, C. L. Chamberlain, H. A. Smith, James Webster; clerk, J. S. Chamberlain ; treasurer, E. C. Blackman; assessor, L. Cham- berlain. 1869. Trustees, 0. L. Chamberlain. N. A. Bull, F. Bosworth; clerk. W. F. Hale; treasurer, E. C. Blackman; assessor, Wm. J. McConoughy. 1870. Trustees, N. A. Bull, Thomas Potter, H. Haster; clerk, E. R. K. Merrill; treasurer, R. "U'. Collins; assessor, Wm. J. McConoughy. 1871. Trustees, Thos. Potter, H._A. Smith, J. N. Blackman; clerk, E- R. K. Merrill; treasurer, E. W. Collins; assessor, W. J. McConoughy. 1873. Trustees, J. N. Blackman, Richard Davey, O. B. Smith; clerk, R. R. K. Merrill; treasurer, W. F. Hale; assessor, W. J. McConoughy. 1873. Trustees, O. B, Smith, W. W. Robbins, E. Dewey; clerk, W. P. Hanaf ord ; treasurer, W. F. Hale ; assessor, L. S. Bull. 1874. Trustees, Walter W. Eobbins, Chester S. Carver; clerk, John Deady; treasurer, Erskine Merrill ; assessor, L. Chamberlain. 1875. Ti-ustees, Francis Pettibone, Daniel McAfee, Richard Dewey; clerk, John Deady; treasurer, E. E. Merrill; assessor, L. Chamberlin. 1876. Trustees, L. D. Hanaford, J. N. Blackman, D. McAfee; clerk, W. F. Hanaford; treasurer, W. F. Hale; assessor, W. J. McConoughy. 1877. Trustees, J. N. Blackman, H. L. March. G. H. Baldwin; clerk, F. A. Hale; treasurer, W. F. Hale; assessor, W. J. McConoughy. 1878. Trustees, A. Pettibone, James Harper, H. L, March ; clerk, F. A. Hale; treasurer, W. F, Hale; assessor, W. J. McConoughy, 187a. Trustees, C. H. Baldwin, Feuuer Bosworth, A. H. Chamber- lin; clerk, W. C. Lawrence; treasurer, W. C. Lawrence; assessor, W. J. McConoughy. CHAPTER LXXXVI. STKONGSVILLE. When Settled— Its Surface— Its Early Owners— J. S. Strong, Agenf^- The First Pioneers— First Woman and Child— The Survey— Unwelcome Intruders— An Indian Visitor— The Second Family— Going after Grain —First Marriage— First Birth— Emigrants of 1817— Progress— First Church— Township Organization— First Officers— The First Physician —Emigrants of 1818— Underbrushing the Eoad— First Framed Build- ing—First Death— Emigrants of 1819— First Tavern and Gristmill— An i- vals of 1820— Panther vs. Owl— Good Health —Indians— Second Grist- mill—A Check on Emigration— The Vote of 1824— Scarce Money— "Black Salts "—A Potash Campaign— First Store Building— The Town House, Etc— Log Eaisings— Bark Torches— A Bear Hunt— Settlement at Albion— Flush Times— Carding Machine, Woolen Factory, Etc.— The Borough of Albion— Extinct Churches— The Great Fire- Subsequent Business- Final Decline- The Quiet Center— The War for the Union— Since the War— List of Official and Professional Men— The Free Con. gregational Church— The List of Township Officers. This township, which in the survey of the Western Reserve was number five, in range fourteen, though it was sold by the Indians in 1805, and though its boundaries were surveyed in 1806, as related in the general history of the county, was not settled by white men until the close of the war of 1813. Situated on the southern line of Cuyahoga county, its twenty-five square miles were composed chiefly of high, dry land, covered with beech, maple, oak, elm, etc., somewhat broken, but not too much so for tillage, and nearly all capable of being converted into excellent farms. Through it meandered, in a northwesterly direction, the east branch of Rocky -river, with several small creeks, all finding their way into that stream. In the allotment of the western part of the Reserve among the members of the Connecticut Land Com- pany as individual owners, humber five, in range four- teen, was assigned to Hon. Oliver Ellsworth, an emi- nent Connecticut statesman. Governor Caleb Strong, of that State, and to two other gentlemen who owned only extremely small fractions. The shares of Mr. Ellsworth and Governor Strong were about equal. the former owning to the amount of $13,673, and the latter to that of $12,000, while both the other shares amounted to only four hundred and fourteen dollars. Mr. Ellsworth having died, his interest passed to his heirs, William W. and H. L. Ellsworth. In 1815 the owners appointed John Stoughton Strong, an en- terprising citizen of Connecticut, already arrived at middle age, but full of the vigor and courage of youth, to act as their agent in the sale and settlement of number five. It was in the month of February, 1816, that the first band of settlers, having made their tedious way from Connecticut in sleighs, entered the territory afterwards known as the township of Strongville. It was led by John S. Strong, the gentleman just men- tioned, a small, active, nervous man, full of untiring energy, well suited to the task of opening a new coun- try, and was composed, besides him, of Elijah Lyman, Guilford Whitney, William Fuller, Obadiah Church, and Goodell. Mr. Strong selected a point only a few rods northwest of the center of the township, where the village of Strongville is now located, as the place for his own residence and the headquarters of the infant colony. Axes were speedily ringing in the forest, and a log house was soon erected to serve the party for shelter while surveying the township into lots. To that cabin in the forepart of March, 1816, came John Hilliard, accompanied by his wife (the first white woman who ever resided in StrongsviJle township), and his young daughter, Eliza. Mrs. Hilliard took up her residence in the log mansion and became the housekeeper of the party. A surveyor was obtained from Newburg, and the work of subdividing the township into lots was speedily begun. Whitney, Goodell, Church and Fuller acted as chain-men. The lots were made half a mile square, thus containing a hundred and sixty acres each. Had the townships been just five miles square, as was originally intend- ed, there would have been just a hundred lots of that size. A hundred lots were actually surveyed, but the five miles east and west did not quite hold out, and the lots in the westernmost tier were only about a third of a mile wide. They were numbered, begin- ning with number one in the southwestern corner, thence running north to number ten, in the north, western corner, thence back in the next tier on the east to number twenty, and so on forth and back, closing with number one hundred in the noi'theastern corner. The survey was the principal business of the season, though two or three small clearings were made. Mrs. Hilliard, who was then only twenty-one years old, was the only woman in the township throughout the spring and summer, and had her share of the adven- tures natural to such a situation. One morning after breakfast, while sweeping the rough floor of the cabin, she heard a sharp rattle and saw a large snake lying on the warm hearth, whither it had just crawled from under the floor. She called some of the men who Steongsville. 531 were working near the house, who speedily came in and dispatched the intruder. It was foimd to be an enormous specimen oyer five feet in length. After it had been duly examined and then thrown out of doors, the men returned to their work and Mrs. Hil- liard resumed her sweeping. Ere it was completed she heard another angry rattling beneath the floor. The men were again summoned, the loose floor was opened and another large rattlesnake, the mate of the former, was killed and dragged out. Indians frequently came wandering over their former hunting-grounds. One day during the sum- mer in question while the men were all gone to a raising in the adjoining township of Columbia (now in Lorain county, but then a part of Cuyahoga), a huge warrior, armed with gun, knife and tomahawk, sauntered into the cabin where Mrs. Hilliard was alone with her little daughter and gruffly asked: "Where is the man?" She answered indefinitely that he was not at home. The visitor made no hos- tile demonstrations, but tiie numerous stories of In- dian atrocities during the recent war were enough to make any mother's heart beat with unwonted quick- ness under such circumstances. The warrior, unbid- den, seated himself in a chair, when the little girl, with' all the fearlessness of infancy, toddled up and offered him the piece of bread and butter which she was eating. He promptly accej^ted it, and, while «ating, took the little one upon his knee and caressed it. The mother looked on with trembling, but, after finishing his bread and butter, the savage soon left the house to her very great relief. About the first of October, another family was added to the little settlement; Guilford Whitney then bringing from Connecticut his wife and his four chil- dren, Plavel, Jubal, Vina and Betsey— also a young lady named Charlotte Wallace. Later in the same month Abial Haynes, then a young man, came from the same "land of steady habits," to examine the lo- cality. His report must have been favorable, for a year later his father, Ahijah Haynes, Sr., located in the new colony with his family including a younger brother, Ahijah Haynes, Jr. Both Abial and Ahijah Haynes, Jr., still live at Strongsville Center, being two of the very oldest surviving residents of the town- ship. Not only was there no grain in the new settlement, hut it was extremely scarce in the older localities around, owing to the cold summer of 1816. Mr. Abial Haines mentions that in January, 1817, he was compelled to go as far as Harrisville, (now on the south line of Medina county) some thirty miles dis- tant from Strongsville, to obtain wheat. The road could with difficulty be traveled by a yoke of oxen with a sled; the wolves came in sight afber dusk, showing their angry teeth, but declining to come in reach of young Haines stout club, and after he arrived in Harrisville he had to thresh his wheat and winnow it with a "hand-fan" before he could get it. The price was a dollar a bushel. 66 During the winter of 1816-17 the first marriage took place in the township; the groom being HoUis Whitney and the bride being the Miss Charlotte Wal- lace before mentioned as accompanying Guilford Whit- ney's family the preceding autumn. Early in 1817 came Chipman Porter, whose son Edwin, born shortly afterwards, was the first white child born in town. John Hilliard 's eldest son, Frank, who came into the world only a few days later, was the second one. The other immigrants of this year, so far as known, were George P. Gilbert, James Nichols, David Good- win, Seth Goodwin, Wheeler Cole, Thatcher Avery, James Bennett, Thaddeus Ball, and John and James Smith. This was a large immigration for a single township, and great prosperity was expected. Peo- ple came much more readily to the high, but dry and healthy, land of number five than to the more level, but damper, ground of Middleburg. Axes were heard in every direction, and log houses rose in various parts of the township in quick succession. John Bosworth cleared fifty acres for Mr. Strong, thirty of which were sown to wheat that fall. Numerous smaller clearings were made, many tracts were sown to wheat, and the township bade fair to be speedily independent of the outer world, so far as food was concerned. The religious habits of old Connecticut were imported by the colonists, and on the 10th of October the First Congregational Church was organ- ized, of which a separate sketch is given a few pages farther on. Such rapid progress incited the principal men to apply to the county commissioners to erect number five into a separate civil township. Their petition was granted, and the name of Strongsville was given to the new township, in honor of its most prominent citizen, John S. Strong. On the 18th day of Febru- ary, 1818, the first election was held for the purpose of organizing the township. It was presided over by Bphraim Vaughn, Esq., a justice of the peace of Middleburg. The judges of election were James Nichols, David Goodwin, and Chipman Porter. The following officers were elected: Trustees, John Dins- more, James Nichols, James Smith; clerk, Seth Goodwin; treasurer, Guilford Whitney; fence-viewers, James Bennett, Benjamin G. Barber; constables, Jas. Nichols and G. F. Nichols; supervisors of highways, John Bosworth, John Dinsmore, and B. G. Barber. The last-named official declined, and Abial Haynes was appointed in his place. At a special election the following June, James Nichols and Ahijah Haynes, Sr., were elected the first justices of the peace. In the spring of this year Mr, J. S. Strong brought his family from Connecticut — except those who, having reached man's estate, h:.d already emigrated to Strongsville. The whole list embraced the names of Warner C, Lyman W., John, Chipman, Emery, Beuda, Franklin, and Lavinia. Another large fam- ily which settled in Strongsville this year was that of Joseph Olds, among the members of which were Ed- 532 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COtJNTY. son B. Olds (afterward celebrated in Ohio politics), G. L. , L. W. , 0. N. , and Dr. Benj. B. Olds. The last- named immediately began practice at " the center," becoming the first physician in Strongsville. Still other emigrants of 1818 were Liakim Lyon and fam- ily, Josiah Carpenter and family (including his sons Caleb, Zachary, David and Eufus); Zara D. Howe and family (including Manser, A. P. and Z. D.); Otis and N". D. Billings, Mrs. McNeil, Mrs. G. G. Olds, and Apollo S. Southworth. A young man named Ansel G. Pope also came the same year, and estab- lished the first blacksmith shop in the township. Mr. Pope, sixty-one years later, still resides at Strongsville, in a remarkably hale and vigorous old age. One of Eliakim Lyon's family, D. S. Lyon, then a boy of eleven, is also still a resident of the township. He says that when he came there was hardly a stick of timber cut between Strongsville and Cleveland. The same autumn of their arrival the main road, which afterward became the turnpike, was "under- brushed out" four rods wide, all the brush and sap- lings under six inches in diameter being cut away. As for the larger trees, travelers were expected for a year or two more to make their way between them. Mr. Eliakim Lyon settled a mile west of the present residence of D. S. Lyon, and about a mile from the south line of the township. The Goodwins and a Mr. Bennett were all who had then penetrated thus far to the southwest. Mi-. Lyon for a long time oc- cupied Mr. Bennett's house. The wolves were so thick and so saucy around them, that one evening when Mr. Lyon, tired of their howling, let his big dog out into the woods, in hopes to scare them away, they quickly chased him back, almost to the very threshold of the cabin. During the same summer Mr. J. S. Strong erected a framed barn, the first framed building in the town- ship. The raising was a great event, attended by all the men of Strongsville, and probably by some out- siders from Middleburg and Columbia. When the work was completed the men ranged themselves on one of the plates, in accordance with the ancient custom, passed a bottle of whisky from mouth to mouth until all had partaken, and then gave three rousing cheers, while the last man flung the bottle as far as his arm could send it. The celebrated " Hinckley hunt" occurred in De- cember of this year, in which nearly all the men of Strongsville took part, but as there were also numer- ous participants from several other townships of Cuy- ahoga county, we have given a description of it in the general history. The expenses of "running" the new township were very light, but the resources were still more meager. At the March meeting of the trustees in 1819, the expenditures for the past year footed up $16.50; the collections $8.30. In the month just named occurred the first death in the colony, that of Stoughton Strong, at the age of nineteen. The second was that of Polly, wife of Lyman Strong, who died on the 8th of May, 1819, at the age of twenty-one. The newcomers of this year were Jonathan Pope and family, Ebenezer Wilkinson and family, Seth Bartlett and family, James Waite, Moses Fowle, David E. Hier, Luther, Samuel and Elijah Bosworth, Chester G. and Ezra Tuttle, Jr., John Colton and family, and Jeduthan Freeman and family. During the summer a Methodist society was organ- ized at the house of Jonathan Pope, by Eevs. Ira Eddy and Billings 0. Plympton. The first traveling Methodist preachers were Eevs. M. Goddard and Charles Waddell. The same season a log structure was erected at the center, designed to serve the triple purpose of town-house, school-house and meeting- house. It was thus used for six years. In 1830 the first tavern was erected by J. S. Strong; a frame build- ing which is still used for that purpose at Strongsville Center. This was the first framed residence in the township. Up to this time the people had generally got their grinding done at Vaughn's mill in Middleburg, or at Hoadley's in Columbia. When these were dry the hungry citizens were compelled to travel as far as Tallmage, Chagrin river, or even Painesville, to procure the needed work. That enterprising pioneer, John S. Strong, now thought it time that his township should have a mill of its own. In the fall of 1820 he accordingly erected a gristmill on Eocky river, at the point now called Albion. E. Lyman was the mill- wright and A. J. Pope did the iron work. Thaddeus Lathrop (father of Mrs. Benjamin Tuttle) came from Middleburg and boarded the hands who worked on the mill, and was afterwards the first miller in the new structure. A sawmill was built about the same time as the gristmill. During the season Timothy Clark brought on a stock of goods, small, but somewhat larger than those previously brought by J. S. Strong, E. Lyman and John Bosworth. All the three last named, and we believe Mr. Clark, sold their goods in their houses, as was the custom in early times almost everywhere. The other new arrivals for 1820 were Moses 0. Ben- nett, Jesse Eoot, Benjamin Schofield, Cyrus Harlan and Nathan Britton and family. Though the " Hinckley hunt " had, to some extent, broken up one haunt of wild animals, they were still numerous throughout the woods. Venison was to be had for the shooting, while mutton was an almost impossible luxury, because the wolves were apt to get ahead of the butcher. Bears were by no means un- common, and occocasionally the unearthly scream of the panther was heard by the dwellers in the scattered cabins, causing every mother to look hastily around to see if all her children were safe from that fiercest of forest roamers. It would seem, however, that the panther's yell could sometimes be imitated by less dangerous screamers. Mr. Abial Haynes relates how he and his STRONGSVILLE. 533 father's family were startled one night by a dismal noise, which those who claimed to be experts declared to be the shriek of a panther. The next night the same sound was again heard not far from the cabin. Abial took his rifle and proceeded in the direction of the noise until he saw a pair of glaring eyes a short distance in front of him, about the right hight from the ground for a panther's head. Between these he aimed his rifle, fired, and the eyes dropped to the earth. Further examination the next morniug dis- covered a big owl lying cold in death behind the log on which it had sat. It is possible that some other accounts, by belated travelers, of dismal shrieks and glaring eyes, would have had an equally harmless ending, if the supposel monster had been slain and examined. The Indians frequently came during the first few years of settlement, and stopped a few weeks in tem- porary camps to hunt the game which abounded in the forest. Mr. Haines mentions the existence, at various times, of a camp near Albion, another on "East Hill," and another larger one, which num- bered some fifty inmates, at Strongsville Center. From one great pest of new countries the pioneers of Strongsville were comparatively free. There was much less sickness than is usual during the period in which the wilderness is subjugated. There was a little ague along the banks of Eocky river, but the high, dry, rolling ground, of which the township is principally composed, was almost entirely free from this and other forms of sickness. In 1821 or '23 J. S. Strong built a distillery near his mills, at what is now Albion. In the latter year occurred the death of Dr. B. B. Olds, the first phy- sician, who had meanwhile married a daughter of Mr. Strong. Eev. Luke Bower, the first resident minis- ter and school teacher, came this year. The same year Mr. Strong, having sold his property at Albion, proceeded to build another gristmill on Eocky river, nearly two miles east of the center. There could hardly have been business enough for two gristmills in the thinly-settled township, but Mr. S. was of so enterjirising a temperament that, as Mr. Haines says, "He couldn't keep still. He also built an ashery at the center, where he manufactured pot and pearl- ashes for many years. In 1823 Ezra Tuttle, father of Benjamin Tuttle, now of Albion, came into the township; Benjamin, however, did not come till several years later. Eben- ezer Stone settled with his family a mile west of the center, one of the members being Marvin E. Stone, who is still living at Albion. Mr. Stone bought out Ebenezer Pomeroy, who had been there a year or two and was about the first settler west of the center. Curtis Stone also came about the same time; one of his sons being Walter F., since a judge of the su- preme court of Ohio. Down to this time, as will have been observed, the settlement of the township had been quite rapid, and the proprietors thought they could safely raise the price of the land from 13.00 to $5.00 per acre. But about the same period Congress perfected its system of surveys, and instead of selling land as before to wealthy men in large tracts, began offering it to every one in quarter-sections at a dollar and a qnarter an acre. Emigration to Strongsville quickly fell ofE be- fore this competition, and for several years was very light; the proprietors being at length compelled to reduce their prices to $3.00 per acre in order to sell their land. The number of residents qualified to vote for presidential electors must have been very small, for, according to the record, there were only twenty- four votes cast for those officers in 1834. Of these twenty-three were for Henry Clay and one for John Quincy Adams. Food was now plentiful but grain was so low as hardly to pay for carrying it to market. Money was extremely scarce, and about the only means of obtain- ing it was by the sale of the "black salts" made by boiling down the ashes obtained in clearing the farms. Generally the "salts" were sold to be manufactured at Strong's asliery, but sometimes the fai-mers them- selves made them into pearlash. The Stones were about the only ones who made their salts into potash. When made, the potash or pearlash had to be hauled to Cleveland. By this time the main road through the township, where the turnpike was after- wards made, had been cut out, but the others were mere paths through the woods. Even the main road was almost impassable through the low ground of Middleburg. When men went to Cleveland two gen- erally journeyed together so as to help each other through the bad places; each having two yoke of cat- tle, a sled or wagon, an axe, an augur, several days' provisions and a jug of whisky, as if he was starting on a campaign. Mr. M. E. Stone states that he has been four days making the fifteen miles to Cleveland and back. Two barrels of potash, holding from four to five hundred pounds each, were considered a good load for two yoke of cattle. It brought at Cleveland from four to five dollars per hundred. The first store in the township which occupied a separate building was established by Emory Strong about 1834. In 1835 the present framed town-house and school-house combined took the place of the old log building which had previously been used for that purpose. Dr. Olds was succeeded within a year or two after his death by Dr. William Baldwin, who practiced at the center ten or twelve years. During this period the increase of population was moderate, there being eighty-nine householders in 1826. There was plenty of friendliness among the pioneers, and newcomers were always cordially welcomed. When there was a log house to be raised nearly every man in the township would be on hand. After work- ing all day they would start ofE at night and travel two, three and four miles to their homes, lighted on their darksome paths by torches of hickory bark, which were found to be just the thing for holding 524 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. flame a long distance. Mr. Stone says a handful of hickory bark three feet long would lash three miles. When the people met in the school-house for "even- ing meeting," or spelling-school, or singing-school, one might see a dozen or more long bunches of hick- ory bark, each neatly tied together, leaning against the wall. When the exercises were over, each pioneer gallant would light his rustic torch and set forth to escort his chosen fair one to her home, the flashing lights flinging fantastic shadows among the giant oaks and elms which shaded the forest pathways. The wild beasts still roamed with great freedom close to the houses of the settlers, and numerous were the fatal shots fired at the deer, not only in their forest retreats but even in the edge of the clearings. Mr. M. E. Stone speaks of killing thirty or forty in a year. Other game afforded still more excitement. Late in an afternoon in 1825, a she-bear and two cubs were seen crossing the road about half a mile south of the tavern at Strongsville Center. The news quickly spread from cabin to cabin, and in a brief time more than twenty men and boys were out with rifles, shot- guns and occasionally an old revolutionary musket, hurrying along on the track of the devoted animals, while the woods rang with the voices more or less melodious of an equal number of dogs, of various breeds and sizes. The bears were moving at a leis- urely gait, and had only gone a short distance east from the road when the sounds of pursuit broke upon their ears. They hastened their movements, but the cubs were incapable of rapid traveling, and the old bear would not desert her young — and was herself given rather to waddling than to racing. Just at dark they were overtaken about a mile east of the road. The old bear turned at bay and the dogs gave back from her savage teeth and Hercu- lean paws. But the foremost hunters speedily came up, leveled their guns, and in an instant the devoted mother lay stretched in death. Meanwhile one of the cubs had hurried away into the fast darkening forest, and the other had climed the most convenient tree. The former escaped from its enemies; the latter only postponed its fate. The hunters built a fire near the tree, and stood guard by turns all night over — or rather under — the unfortunate cub. When daylight revealed his hiding-place among the branches he too was shot, and the citizens around had an opportunity of comparing the merits of old bear meat and young- bear meat for several days afterwards. By 1830, howevei', the deer and bear were becoming scarce. Some lingered for a few years longer, but by 1840 there was hardly one to be seen. If one ap- peared it was probably a straggler from the low grounds of iliddleburg, where they stayed till a still later date. By 1830, the log houses of the first pio- neers had begun to be exchanged for frames, and in the course of the next decade the exchanges had gen- erally taken place, and the township had put on the general appearance of a civilized district. By 1830 there was a small settlement at the lower mill on Rocky river (since known as Albion), but there was yet no hotel or store there. Mr. M. E. Gallup, who came into town, a boy, in 1833, says that at that time Ebenezer Prindle was keeping tavern at Strongsville Center. Emory and Warner Strong were then selling goods on the corner and old Mr. Strong about the same time established a store in a new brick building. Emigration was now brisk, and so was business of all kinds. These were the celebrated "flush times," when paper moner was issued in unlimited quantities, by irresponsible banks, and everybody appeared to expect to get rich in a few months. About 1834 Benjamin Northrop, commonly called Judge Nor- throp came from Albion, New York, located at the lower mill and built a carding machine and fulling mill there. The people around were anxious to have such an establishment in town and readily furnished supplies of timber and other material on credit; tak- ing their pay afterwards in cloth and work. The set- tlement there rapidly increased, Mr. Northrop was recognized as the principal man in it, and in honor of his former residence he named it Albion. Two or three years later Judge Northrop built a woolen factory in connection with his carding works. Albion rapidly increased; several stores and other places of business were erected, and the new village went entirely ahead of its more staid competitor, Strongsville Center. Even the great financial crisis of 1837, which brought ruin upon a large majority of the business men of the United States, did not stop the growth of Albion. When they were short of money for small change the " borough," for the place was incorporated under that title, issued scrip, signed by Judge Northrop as mayor, which passed current in the immediate vicinity. A Baptist church, which was at first also used as a school-house, was built at Albion as early as 1835. It was occupied with more or less regularity until 1871, when it was removed to Berea.* An Episcopal church was also organized at Albion, and a church edifice erected in 1841. There was like- wise a Methodist church in a flourishing condition; of these three, the Methodist church alone remains. In the forepart of 1843, probably in February, a fire occurred in Albion, which not only destroyed a large part of the village, but inflicted a blow on its . prosperity from which it never recovered. There were then six stores, three or four blacksmith shops, several other shops and thirty or forty dwelhngs. These were mostly on the main road on the top of the hill, while the mills, the factory, the distillery, etc., were on the creek below. The fire began on the flat, and the wind drove it rapidly up the hill and along the street to the southward, destroying nearly *Elder Freeman preached in it for three or four years before 1847, at which time it was moved and repaired. After 1847, the first preacher was Eev. Mr. Guernsey, and next tiie Rev. Mr. Dibble. Rev. Mr. Hubbard succeeded and preached until the beginning of the war. Elder Wood preached a year or so after Mr. Hubbard and since then there have only been occasional services. STRONGSVILLE. 535 all the business pai't of the village, and rendering fourteen families homeless. The decline of the place dated from this time, but the fire was not immediately fatal. Some houses were rebuilt, and some places of business were re- established. The travel still continued brisk along the old turnpike, and this, of course, made business for the taverns and, to some extent, for the stores. Trask and Tuttle built a tannery in 1844, which did a good business for many years. Mr. H. B. Bradley says that when he came in 1849, Albion was still quite a prosperous place. Many four-horse and six-horse teams traveled the road, drawing big wagons with tires six inches wide, heavily loaded with farm pro- duce destined for Cleveland, or with articles from tbat place for use in the country. But when the rail- road was built through Middleburg in 1851, a large part of this travel left the turnpike, and the glory of Albion faded slowly but steadily away. Meanwhile Strongsville Center continued on a more even tenor. Even while Albion was most prosperous, the voting-place for the township continued to be at the center, and after the decay of the former village, the center still continued to be the common gather- ing place for the farmers around, and the trading place for those who did not go outside of the town- ship for that purpose. Judge Northrop sold the woolen factory at Albion in 1849, to Dr. St. Clair, and removed to Cleveland. Dr. St. Clair I'an the factory several years, and sold it to Lester Miles, who made a gristmill of it, though he still kept up the carding works. The mill was burned in 1860. Mr. Miles rebuilt it, and operated it several years. He was succeeded by Milo Haynes who did a large business for a time; but business finally dropped away, and now little remains save the frame to tell of the busy times of old. When the war for the Union called the youth of our country to arms, Strongsville promptly responded to the cry, and her sons, through four years of con- flict with the foe, showed that they, too, could meet hardship and danger as readily as had their sires in the struggle to subdue the wilderness. Their names will be found with their respective regiments and batteries in the general history of the county. During the war the old turnpike, which for thirty years "had been one of the principal highways of this part of the country, was surrendered to the public by its owners, and the gates were permanently removed. Since the close of the war the career of Strongsville has been that of a quiet country township, where prosperous farmers, year after year, gather and mar- ket the produce of a fertile soil, and where healthful breezes invigorate the sturdy inhabitants, but where there is known but little of the excitement which agi- tates the great centers of business. Before passing to our sketches of the existing churches, we will mention some of the prominent men, and members of the various professions, who in their youth were residents of Strongsville, and who have "graduated," so to speak, from its borders. The names of resident representatives in the legislature, however, are given in the chapter of the general his- tory devoted to the higher officers of the county, while those of township officials succeed the sketches of the churches. The official and professional gen- tlemen formerly of Strongville, are, according to a published list, as follows: Judges, Walter F. Stone, Benjamin Northrop, Perry Bosworth ; physicians, Henry Parker, Jonathan Pope, C. B. Tapper, Albert Southworth, Calvin Pom- eroy, John P. Whitney and R. S. Hubbard. To these maybe added the resident physicians. After Dr. Bald- win, before mentioned, or about the time he left, which was near 1830, came Dr. Boswell Trask, who staid nearly twenty years, and died in the township. Dr. H. L. W. Leonard came somewhat later, and sur- vived Trask. He died in Strongsville only a few years ago. The present physicians are Dr. Hudson, Dr. Berghoff, and Dr. McConnel. Ministers, Thomas W. Pope, David Warwick, George A. Stone, D.D., Wm. 0. Rodgers, Stanley G. Pope, Calvin 0. Freeman, Hiram Brooks, Cyrus Colton, Lyman Freeman, Pla- vel Brittan, Levi Sabin. Lawyers, L. L. Bowen, Sidney Strong, George H. Foster, Henry E. Foster, Carlos M. Stone, Myron Sabin, Brastus F. Miles. FIRST CONGEEGATIONAL (NOW PRESBYTERIAN) CHURCH OP STRONGSVILLE. This church was organized at Strongsville Center on the 10th day of October, 1817, Reverend Messrs. William Hanford and Luther Humphrey being pres- ent. The first members were Seth Goodwin and De- borah, his wife; Ahijah Haynes and Jerusha, his wife; Guilford Whitney and Anna, his wife; Hollis Whit- ney and Barincey Hilliard. Guilford Whitney was the first deacon, and Ahijah Haynes the second. For two years the church was unable to employ a regular minister, or build a church edifice. Services, however, were held with great regularity at the houses of members, sermons being sometimes read by one of the congregation, while at other times traveling m.in- isters, with rude but fervid eloquence, held forth the promises of the gospel to the assembled listeners. In 1819 the church, in connection with tlie town- ship, erected a log building at the center, which, as before stated, served as school-house, town house and church. Six years later a framed building was erected which was equally well employed for the three pur- poses mentioned. On the 12th of January, 1835, the Rev. Simon Woodruff was installed as the first settled minister of this church. He served until 1834; the church meanwhile steadily increasing with the growth of the township. In the last named year Mr. Wood- ruff was succeded by the Rev. D. C. Blood, who re- mained three years. The Rev. Myron Tracy was in- stalled in 1837. At this period the church was in a very flourishing condition, and had over a hundred members. In 536 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. 1842 what has been known as the Second Congrega- tional, or Free Congregational Church, separated from tlie first church, considerably reducing its member- ship. In 1843 Rev. D. 0. Blood was recalled, re- maining until 18.50. He was succeeded by Eev. Timothy Williston, and he, in 1853, by Rev. Elias Thompson; though the latter was not formally in- stalled until 1854. Mr. Thompson was succeeded in 1860 by Rev. Charles 8. Adams, who closed his ser- vices in 1861. Rev. Harvey Lyon preached for a short time after that, though not regulai-ly installed. In July, 1862, Rev. Amzi B. Lyon began his ministerial services, which continued until 1864. The next year, 1865, Rev. A.W. Knowlton was called to the pastorate, which he occupied for twelve years,, closing in 1877, after the longest term served by any minister for this church. He was succeeded by Rev. James W. Tur- nei', the present incumbent. In 1871 this church, retaining its ancient creed, (which is held in substance by both the Congrega- tionalists and Presbyterians), ado^rted the Presbyte- rian form of organization, and became a member of the Presbytery. It is still, however, more commonly called by its early name, the First Congregational Church of Strongsville. At the time the writer vis- ited the township the elders of the church were Abial Haynes, D. M. Strong and Lorenzo Strong; the trus- tees of the civil organization were Benoni Bartlett, William Heazlit, Porter Lyman and Merrick Strong. THE- FREE CONGHEGATIONAL CHURCH. This church, frequently called the Second Congre- gational, was formed from the First Congregational in 1842; its organization being completed onthel6ili day of July in that year, under the direction of Rev. James A. Thorne, a professor at Oberlin College. Services were held with varying regularity until 1852. During this time the pulpit was frequently sujDplied temporarily by professors or pupils of Oberlin; Rev. Uriah T. Chamberlain regularly in 1843 and '44, and the Rev. Mr. Moore for two or tliree years subse- quently. On the 28th of June in that year. Rev. Gideon Dana became the pastor. A marked improvement was soon manifested in the vitality of the chui'ch, and on the 17th of August following, the corner stone of a new brick church edifice was laid at Strongsville Center. The work was pushed rapidly forward; the legal or- ganization of the society being completed meanwhile by recording the necessai-y papers in the oflBce of the county recorder on the 19th of October in that year. On the 27tli of January, 1853, the newly erected church was duly dedicated with appropriate cere- monies, but little more than five months having been occupied in its construction. Mr. Dana's labors continued until October, 1855. In February, 1856, Rev. 0. W. White succeeded to the vacant pastorate, which he occupied until the lat- ter j)art of 1863. On the first of January, 1863, Eev. William Bacon became the pastor; remaining until 1867. He was followed by Rev. Lucius Smith. This gentleman preached part of the time at Berea; occu- pying the pulpits alternately until 1873. After the close of Mr. Bacon's services Messrs. Burr and Miller preached occasionally during the remainder of 1873 and the beginning of 1873. During the latter year Rev. C. S. Cady was installed as pastor, continuing in that relation until November, 1875. No regular minister was employed until January, 1877, when Rev. J. W. Turner was installed as pastor of this church, as well as of the First Congregational, or Presbyterian church. Mr. Turner has served both churches from that time till the present. The deacons of the Free Congregational church are Isaac I. Gifford and Elijah Lyman; the trustees of the society are I. I. Gifford, E. Lyman and Richard Gibbons. LIST OF TOWNSHIP OFFICERS.* 1818. Clerk, Seth Goodwin; trustees, David Goodwin, Jno. Dansmore, Jas. Nichols; lister, Chipman Porter; appraiser, Thad, Ball; justices of the peace, Jas. Nichols, Ahijah Haynes. 1819. Clerk, Seth Goodwin; trustees, Jno. S. Strong, Jas. Nichols, Wm. Fuller; lister, Emory Strong; appraiser, Chipman Porter. 1830. Clerk, Benj. B. Olds; trustees, Josiah Carpenter, Eliakim Lyon, Henry Wait; lister, Elijah Lyman; appraiser, Jas. Wait. 1821. Clerk, Emory Strong; lister, Lyman Strong; appraiser, Elijah Lyman; justices ot the peace, Elijah Lyman, Henry Wait. 1822. Clerk, Timothy Clark ; trustees, Jas. Smith, E. Bosworth, A. J. Pope; treasurer, Guilford Whitney; lister, Guilford Whitney; appraiser, Lyman Strong. 1823. Clerk, Timothy Clark; trustees, Ehakim Lyon, Joseph Olds, Thad. Lathrop; treasurer, Guilford Whitney; lister, Guilford Whitney; appraiser, Chester Tuttle. 1824. Clerk, Timothy Clark; trustees, E. Wilkinson, Eliakim Lyon, Luke Bowen; treasurer, Guilford Whitney; lister, Philo Miilord; ap- praiser, H. W. Sabin ; justices of the peace, Elijah Lyman, Timothy Clark. 1825. Clerk, Timothy Clark; trustees.E. Wilkinson, Leonard Peabody, Jas. Wait; treasurer, Ebenezer Stone; lister, Philo Millard; appraiser, Zara P. Howe. 1826. Clerk, Warner Strong; trustees, E. Wilkinson, Leonard Pea- body, Jeduthan Freeman; treasurer, Ebenezer Stone; lister, Philo Mil- jard ; appraiser, Zara D . Howe. 1827. Clerk, Warner Strong; trustees, E. Wilkinson, Jno. Billiard, burtis Stone; treasurer, Ebenezer Stone; lister, Philo Millard; ap- praiser, Zara D. Howe; justices of the peace, Elijah Lyman, Timothy Clark. 1828. Clerk, Timothy Clark; trustees, Asa Drake, Wm. FuUer, Abra" ham Conyne; treasurer, Ebenezer Stone; lister, Philo Millard; ap- praiser, Zara D. Howe; justice ot the peace, Jno. S. Strong. 1829. Clerk, M. E. Stone ; trustees, Ebenezer Stone, Guilford Whitney, E. Lyon; treasurer, Curtis Stone. 18.30. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, Ebenezer Stone, Guilford Whitney, E. Lyon; treasurer, Curtis Stone; justice of the peace, Timothy Clark. 1831. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, David Harvey, Jno. Fuller, A. J. Pope; treasurer, Lyman Strong. 18-32. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, E. Wilkinson, Harmon Stone, He- man Coltrin ; treasurer, Ebenezer G. Woodward. 183.3. M. E. Stone; trustees, Jno. Fuller, Richard Wetherbee, Jno. Pope; treasurer, Eliakim Lyon; justices of the peace, Harmon Stone, J. Fuller. 1834. Clerk, Ebenezer Prlndle; trustees, David Harvey, David Fish, Jno. Hilliard; treasurer, Lyman Strong. 1835. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, Timothy Clark, Ebenezer Pome- roy, Thos. Copper; treasurer, Lyman Strong; justice of the peace, Har- mon Stone. 18.36. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, Norton Briggs, Asa Drake, Avery Sprague; treasurer, Lyman Strong; justice ot the peace, Jas. Fuller. 1837. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, Norton Briggs, Asa Drake, Avery Sprague; treasurer, Lyman Strong. 1838. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, Flavel Whi ney, Marcus Moe A. Conyne; treasurer, Lyman Strong; justice of the peace, Norton Briggs. 1839. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, A. Conyne, Flavel Whitney, Asa Drake; treasurer, Lyman Strong; justice of the peace, Harmon Stone. * This list is complete so far as it can be ascertained from the town books. STRONGSVILLE. 537 1840. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, A. Conyne, Flavel Whitney, Philander Pope; treasurer, Lyman Strong. 1841. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, Philander Pope, Alanson Pome, roy, Buben Haynes; treasurer, Lyman Strong; assessor, Ebenezer Merril; justice of the peace, Warner Strong. 1842. Clerk, Ansel J. Pope; trustees, Alanson Pomeroy, Asa Drake, Eoswell Trask; treasurer, M. E. Stone; assessor, Ebenezer Merril; jus- tice of the peace, Myron A. Whitney. 1843. Clerk, Montraville Stone ; trustees, Roswell Trask, Asa Drake, Eliakim Lyon; treasurer, M. E. Stone; assessor, Harmon Stone. 1844. Clerk, Montraville Stone; trustees, Eoswell Trask, Asa Drake, H. G. Spencer; treasurer, M. E. Stone; assessor, Eoswell Trask; justice of the peace. Dr. H. L. W. Leonard. 1845. Clerk, Banford Gilbert; trustees, Eliakim Lyon, Ohas. Tupper, M. Stone; treasurer, M. B. Stone; assessor, Roswell Trask. 1846. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, Koswell Trask, Abial Haynes, Flavel Whitney; treasurer, Warner Strong; assessor, Jno. Watson. 1847. Clerk, David Harvey; trustees, Abial Haynes, Flavel Whitney, Philander Pope; treasurer, Warner Strong; assessor, Eoswell Trask; justice of the peace, Alanson Pomeroy. 1848. Clerk, David Harvey; trustses, Abial Haynes, Flavel Whitney, Philander Pope; treasurer, Warner Strong; assessor, Augustus P. Howe; justice of the peace, Harmon Stone. 1849. Clerk, Montraville Stone; trustees, Cyrus Parmenter, David Heazlit, P. Pope; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, E. Merril. 1850. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees. Philander Pope, Alanson Pomeroy, Francis Bryant; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice of the peace, Alanson Pomeroy. 1851. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees, P. Pope, A. Pomeroy, Francis Bryant; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice of the peace, Dr. J. J. St, Clair. 1852. Clerk, M.Stone; trustees, A. Pomeroy, Ahijah Haynes, Ohas. Ashley; treasurer, Jubal Whitney; assessor, O. H. Hoyt. 18.53. Clerk, M. Stone ; trustees, A. Pomeroy, Ahijah Haynes, Chas Ashley; treasurer, Jubal Whitney; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice of the peace, John Miller. 1854. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees, A. Pomeroy, Ahijah Haynes, Chas- Ashley; treasurer, Jubal Whitney; assessor, O. H. Hoyt. 1855. Clerk, M. E. Stone; trustees, Caleb Carpenter, D. S. Lyon, Benj. Tuttle; treasurer, Warner Strong; assessor, A. P. Howe. 1856. Clerk, M. Stone; trustees, A. Pomeroy, W. H. Ashley, A. T. Sanderson; treasurer, Abial Haynes; assessor, O. H. Hoyt. 1857. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, M. E. Stone, Wm. Heazlit, E. H. Eeed; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, C, T. Rogers. 1858. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, E. H. Eeed, M. Stone, Wm. Heazlit; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, C. T. Rogers; justice of the peace, M. Stone. 1859. Clerk, Alson H. Pomeroy; trustees M. E. Gallup, M. Stone, Jehiel Dunham; treasurer, Milton Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt. 1860. Clerk, Milo S. Haynes; trustees, Abial Haynes, J. Dunham, Wm. Heazlit; treasurer, Milton Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justice of the peace, Lester Miles. 1861. Clerk, A. H. Pomeroy; trustees, E. H. Eeed, H. S. Dewey, Abi, jah Haynes; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, Lester Miles. 1868. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, H. S. Dewey, -D. S. Lyon, E. A. Carpenter; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, Edward Haynes. 1863. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, H. S. Dewey, D, S. Ljon, R. A. Carpenter; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, Edward Haynes; justice of the peace, Lester Miles. 1864. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, W. H. Ashley, A. T. Sanderson, G. W. Dunn; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, Milton Gallup; justice of the peace, M. Stone. 1865. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, R. A. Carpenter, W. H. Ashley, W. H. Strong; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, M. S. Haynes. 1866. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, W, H. Ashley, G. B. Strong, Jubal Whitney; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, E. H. Wing; justice of the peace, Lester Miles. 1867. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. K. Drake, Wm. Heazlit, E. A. Carpentei; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, M. S. Haynes; justice of the peace, M. Stone. 1868. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, Hazen Lathrop, Wm. Heazlit, R. A. Carpenter; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, Henry P. Miles. 1869. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, Hazen Lathrop, Wm. Heazlit, S. T. Gibson; assessor, M. S. Haynes; treasurer, E. H. Reed ; justices of the peace, Lester Miles, R. A. Carpenter. 1870. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, Edward Clement, Wm. Heazlit, S. T. Gibson; treasurer, E. H. Reed; assessor, D. K. Drake. 1871. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, M. Gallup, E. Cle- ment; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake. 1872. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, E. Clement; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake; justice of the peace, Lester Miles. 1873. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, E Clement; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake; justice of the peace, D. K. Drake. 1874 Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, E. Clement; treasurer, M. E. GaUup; assessor, D. K. Drake. 1875. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D. Pomeroy, Jas. Preston; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake; justices of the peace, F. J. Bartlett, D. K. Drake. 1876. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, D. M. Strong, O. D, Pomeroy, Jas. Preston; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, D. K. Drake; justice of the peace, David E. Hier, 1877. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, O. D. Pomeroy, Lorenzo Strong, Henry M. Whitney; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt. 1878. Clerk, O. H. Hoyt; trustees, O. D. Pomeroy,' H. M. Whitney, E. H. Eeed; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, O. H. Hoyt; justices of the peace, F. J. Bartlett, Henry W. Merrick. 1879. Trustees, O. D. Pomeroy, E. H. Reed, William Richards; clerk, M. S. Haynes; treasurer, M. E. Gallup; assessor, B. B. Heazlit. ALANSON POMEROY. The late Alanson Pomeroy whose name is held in high esteem by the people of Strongsville, was born in ISTorthampton, Massachusetts, February 20, 1805. He was the son of Ebenezer and Violaty (Thayer) Pomeroy, and was the fifth of a family of eight children, consisting of five sons and three daughters. Ebenezer Pomeroy left Northampton about the year 1817, and removed to Onondaga county, New York, where he remained five years. He then pushed for- ward to what was considered the "Far West," and in 18'Z2 settled in Strongsville, where he spent the re- mainder of his life. He was accidentally killed in August, 1835, by falling from a wagon. The subject of this memoir remained in the pater- nal home until the death of his father. His advan- tages for schooling were quite limited, but he pos- sessed an active mind with a faculty for picking up scraps of knowledge in his daily life, and thus learned many practical lessons which were never forgotten. The firgt years of his residence in Strongsville were spent in helping to clear up his father's farm, and to make it a comfortable home. In addition to his farm- ing he after a while engaged in the mercantile busi- ness at Strongsville Center, in partnership with Mr. Benjamin Northrup, and subsequently with Mr. Whitney. Beginning with nothing but his own in- dustry, skill and integrity, by dint of perseverance and good management he gradually acquired a con- siderable property. In 1870 his health becoming very poor, he retired from active business. He, how- ever, received no permanent benefit from so doing, and died in the seventy-second year of his age, on the 4th day of January, 1877, after a painful and lingering illness. In all local affairs Mr. Pomeroy took an active and prominent part. For many years he held the office of justice of the peace. He also was one of the in- corporators of the First National Bank of Berea, which he assisted in organizing, and of which he was a director until his decease. He was a member of the Congregational Church of Strongsville, and his circumstances enabled him to take the lead in supporting it. He also contributed liberally to the American Missionary Association, the Western Book and Tract Society and other Christian organizations. He increased materially the funds of Western Eeserve College, of Baldwin University, and 528 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. of Berea College, Kentucky, and gave several thou- sand dollars to Oberlin. Mr. Pomeroy's acquaintance in business circles was quite extensive in different sections of the State where he had capital invested. He was particularly noted for his sterling integrity and business tact. AVhat he performed was always tharoughly done. He was very tenacious of liis reputation for fidelity to engagements of all kinds, suffei-ing nothing to deter him -from keeping an appointment or agreement. He was a strong believer in the duty and dignity of labor. With the industrious poor he always sym- pathized; often helping them ont of pecuniary dif- ficulties. Every branch of what he considered true reform drew forth his active and hearty support. He possessed a warm heart and generous dispostion, but was reserved and shrank from public notoriety. He was very careful not to wound the feelings of any one, and his counsel and advice was sought for by many. The news of his death was received with sensations of profound sorrow, and his loss will long be felt in the community in which he had resided over half a century. Mr. Pomeroy was married on the 9th day of Janu- ary, 183], to Miss Kezia Pope, daughter of Jonathan and Kezia Pope, of Strongsville. Mrs. Pomeroy was born in 1809, and is still living in Strongsville, sur- rounded by an affectionate family and esteemed by all who know her. Mr. and Mrs. Pomeroy had nine children: The two eldest. Hellish L., born November 26, 1833, and Lorency, born April 10, 1834, died in infancy; A. H., born March 7, 1836, is cashier of the First National Bank of Berea; Orlando D., born January 7, 1839, resides near Strongsville, engaged in farming; Elizabeth C, born November 29, 1840, is the wife of Henry K. Day, of Elyria, Ohio; Vienna, born July 3, 1843, is the wife of 0. W. D. Miller, of Berea; Hollis C, born March 12, 1846, died in infancy; PerlinaM., born August 19, 1849, married W. W. Smith, of Strongsville; Harlan, born June 27, 1853, now at home, is a graduate of the Cleveland Homoepathic College. OHAPTEK LXXXVII. "WARKENSVILIiB. Boundaries, Soil etc.— Attempt at Settlement— Prevented by an Acci- denf^-Daniel Warren— Naming the Township— First Death and Birth — James Prentiss — Asa Stiles — Jacob Hussell — Peleg Brown — Benja. min Sharp- Josiah Abhott— Enoch Gleason— Jedediah Hubbell — Ansel Young— J. E. Adams— Householders in 1829— Civil Organization- First Officers— List of Officers— Items from Township Book— Town Hall— Eoads and Railroads- Randall- Warrensville Center— Manufac- tures— Public Schools— The United Society of Believers— Its Origin- Names of Early Members— Present Situation- Protestant Methodist Church— Disciple Church- The Free Church— The Methodist Episco- pal Church. This township is situated southeast from Cleve- land, and was designated in the survey of the Western Reserve as township seven in range eleven. It is bounded on the north by the townships of East Cleve- land and Euclid; on the east by Orange; on the south by Bedford, and on the west by Newburg and East Cleveland. The surface is level, and the entire area may be cultivated. It was originally covered with a fine gTowth of timber, but the greater part has been removed and the township has been cut up into small farms, but few exceeding eighty acres in extent. The soil varies from a stiff clay to a light loam, and is generally productive. In some localities its fertility is increased by artificial drainage, but usually the country is sufficiently undulating to carry off the sur- face water. The streams are but small brooks, and the water power is very limited. PIOISTEEE SETTLERS. The first attempt to settle the township was made in June, 1807, by Horace Burroughs, Rodolph Cat- tern, Jacob Cattern and another whose name is not remembered. They came with the intention of locating near the center. While on their way thither they treed a bear which they determined to kill. Having chopped the tree nearly off, they left Jacob Cattern to deliver the finishing blows while they went in the direction in which it would fall so that they could kill the bear when the tree should reach the ground. The tree fell and the bear was killed. They then called Jacob, but received no response, and on running to the butt of the tree they found him lying there, dead. He had been killed by a limb struck off from a neighboring tree. This sad accident caused the comrades of the deceased to return home and abandon the entei-prise. The first actual settlement was made by Daniel Warren. He came from New Hampshire to Paines- ville in the fall of 1808. He was very poor, his household effects consisting of only the most common articles. A barrel set on end with the end-board of the wagon laid on top served as a table. Nearly all the cooking and baking was done in a five-quart iron kettle. In the fall of 1809 he removed to Newburg, and soon after began building a cabin in Warrens- ville, two and a half miles away. It was finished without the use of a nail. To this he moved his fam- ily on the 4th day of January, 1810, in the following manner, as related by Mr. Warren himself: " I procured a horse on which Mrs. Warren with her babe, about three weeks old, rode; my two-year- old boy I carried on my back, and my neighbor Pren- tiss carried our few 'traps' in an ox-team; and in this way we arrived safe, two and a half miles from any other house. Mrs. Warren remarked: ' We left New Hampshire to go into the wilderness, and I guess we have made it out now.' The first run of sledding after this, our friends from Newburg and Cleveland (everybody was a friend in those days) came out to the number of fifty to give us a house-warming, and although they crowded the cabin, a jollier set never graced a palace. Inasmuch as Mrs. Warren was the first woman in the township the comjoany gave her WARBENSVILLE. 539 tlie privilege of naming it, and she proposed W^arrens- ville, which was adopted by acclamation. It was past midnight when the party started to return hopie, after having spent a most enjoyable evening." Mrs. Warren was a true pioneer woman. She would often remain alone several days with her young family while her husband was away following his trade as a brickmaker, and once, when returning from Newburg, was followed by a pack of howling wolves, from which she had a narrow escape. Bears, too, sometimes came quite near the cabin, but Mrs. Wp.rren was never much alarmed even by such un- pleasant neighbors. She resided in the township un- til her death, October, 1869. Daniel Warren died in 1862. The infant child spoken of died in 1811, this being the first death in the township. In their family, also, occurred the first birth in Warrensville, that of a son born December 26, 1812, who was named William H. Warren, and who yet resides on lot fifty-three near the place of his birth. The other sons of Daniel Warren were named Hiram V., Moses N., James M. and Othello. The daughters were Paulina and Julia 0. In 1815 Moses Warren, the father of Daniel, came to live in the township, settling on lot fifty- four. His sons, besides Daniel, were William and Moses. The latter is yet a resident of East Cleve- land. James Prentiss, a Revolutionary soldier, and the father-in-law of Daniel Warren, settled on lot thirty- two some time after 1810, residing there until his death in 1817. A daughter (Betsey) died in 1813, this being the first death of an adult in the township. He had sons named Robert, James, Samuel M. and Cyrus. The latter removed to Ravenna, whore he be- came the first president of the Cleveland and Pitts- burg Railroad. Asa Stiles came to the Warren neighborhood from New York about 1812. He had three sons named Amos, Hiram and Wilbur. About the same time Jacob Russell, also a New Yorker, settled on lot twenty-three, where he died in 1824, aged seventy- five years. He had a large family, the sons being Ralph, Rodney, Elijah, Elisha and Return. Almost all of the family became Shakers, among whom some of them yet reside. A little later Peleg Brown set- tled on lot sixty-three, where he lived until his re- moval to Indiana in ISS?. About the same time Fred. G. Williams became a resident of lot forty-one, where he lived until he joined the Mormons and moved with them to the West. Benjamin Thorp came about 1813 and settled on lot sixty-two. In 1838 he moved to Michigan. His brother-in-law, William Sickel, settled on the same lot about the same time, where he followed his trade as a shoemaker until his death, about 1836. On lot fifty-four Josiah Abbott lived before 1816 until his removal to Missouri several years later; Abraham S. Honey and Chester Risleycast their for- tunes in the same locality about 1815, ^and becoming interested in the Shaker movement, joined the North Union Community. About the same time Caleb Baldwin settled on lot forty-eight, where he lived un- til he was led ofE by the Mormons. Somewhat later came Enoch Gleason, from Berkshire, Massachusetts, and located on lot sixty-seven. He had seven sons named Milo, Ariel, Ephraim, Almon, Enoch, Perry and Loren. The Baldwjns and the Gleasons were the only families that lived east of the center before 1820. Jedediah Hubbell came in 1815, or earlier, and made slight improvements on lot seventy-one. He moved away after a few years, but in 1822 returned, and was a citizen of the township many years. He had a large family, all but one being now dead. Ansel Young was an early settler on lot forty-two; Gabriel Culver on lot eighty-three; Reuben and Beck- with Cook, on lot seventy-four; Aruna R. Baldwin on lot thirteen; Moses Higby on lot one hundred and five; and Nehemiah Hand on lot twenty-five. Most of these did not remain long in the township, but re- moved to points farther west. In 1819 John and Luther R. Prentiss came from New Hampshire with a one-horse team, the journey occupying twenty-eight days. John settled on lot thirty-eight, but in 1834 removed from the township. Luther R., when he began life for himself on lot sixty-three, had nothing (aside from one outfit of wearing apparel,) but an extra pair of shoes and a razor. He persevered, however, until he became the owner of seventy acres of land. He is yet a resident of the township, living near the center. Of a family of six children three remain in Warrensville. Before 1819 came James Johnson, Salmon Buell, David Benjamin, Moor Bell and Abel Shepard. Bazaleel and Warren Thorp came after 1 820 and set- tled in the eastern part of the township, where mem- bers of the family yet reside. About 1826 Col. John E. Adams settled on lot fifty-one, on the Stark Edwards place, where he built the first and only stone house in the township. In 1829 the householders of Warrensville were J. E. Adams, Wm. Addison, Peleg Brown, Gabriel Culver, Sylvester Carber, David Benjamin, Jedediah Hubbell, Appleton Collister, James Johnson, Orrin J. Hubbell, Thomas Kneale, Asa Stiles, Abel Shep- ard, Daniel S. Tyler, Benj. Thorp, Daniel Warren, Moses WsLvren, Moses Warren, Jr., Wm. Kelley, Isaac Cooper, Return Jiussell, Salmon Buell, Benja- min Sawyer, Elisha Russell, Andrew Barber, John Woodruff, Ralph Russell, Moor Bell, Enoch Gleason, Ebenezer Russell, Beckwith Cook, Ephraim Gleason, N. C. Hains, Nehemiah Hand, James Lee, Daniel Pillsbury, Job Hand, Thomas RadelifE, Lyman Wight, Oliver Ransom, Caleb Baldwin, E. L. Burnett, Jo- seph Clyne, Nathan Goodspeed, Ansel Jenny, Wm. Fairchild, Dayton Thorp, Isaac Lassler, Jefferson Wallace, Bazaleel Thorp, Andrew Wilson, Wm. Watterson, Warner Thorp, Thomas Collister, John Kelly, Wm. Cain, Thomas Cain, George Kent, W^m. Kerruish and probably a few others. After this 67 530 THE TOWNSHIPS OV CUYAHOGA COUNTY. period the immigration was so great that no further account can be giyen of individual settlers. CIVIL ORGANIZATION'. Agreebly to an order of the court of common pleas of Cuyahoga county, the legal voters of the township of Warrensville assembled at the house of Josiah Ab- bott, November 7, 1816, to elect officers to serve un- til the annual election, in April, 1817. Daniel Warren was elected chairman, and James Prentiss, Peleg Brown and Wm. Sickel were chosen judges of election. The following officers were then elected: James Prentiss, Peleg Brown, Wm. Sickel, trustees; P. G. Williams, clerk; Josiah Abbott, treasurer; Robert Prentiss, constable; Moses Warren, Eobert Prentiss, poor masters; Benjamin Thorp, Abraham S. Honey, fence viewers. Daniel Warren was elected justice of the peace and received his commission January 6, 1817. Besides the above named the voters at this election were James Johnson and Humphrey Nichols — thirteen in all. Since 1816 the principal officers have been the following: 1817. Trustees, James Prentiss, Peleg Brown, "Wm. Sickel; clerk, F. G. Williams; treasurer, Caleb Baldwin. 1818. Trustees, Gabriel Culver, Daniel R. Smith, Robert Prentiss; clerk, F. G. Williams; treasurer, Caleb Baldwin. 1819. Trustees, Ralph Russell, Daniel R. Smith, Caleb Baldwin; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, Daniel R. Smith. 1820. Trustees, Caleb Litoh, Asa Stiles, Caleb Alvord; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, Edmund Mollet; • 1821. Trustees, Josiah Abbott, David Benjamin, Enoch Gleason; clerk, Ansel Young; treasurer, Chester Risley. 1822. Trustees, Robert Prentiss, Gabriel Culver, Solomon Buel; clerk, F. G. Williams; treasurer, Beckwith Cook. 1823. Trustees, Robert Prentiss, Enoch Gleason, David Benjamin; clerk, Martin Clark; treasurer, John Prentiss. 1824. Trustees, Jedediah Hubbell, John Prentiss, Milo Gleason; clerk, Almon Kingsbury; treasurer, Salmon Buel. 1885. Trustees, Orrin J. Hubbell, Caleb Baldwin, Milo Gleason; clerk, P. L. Brown; treasurer, Sylvester Carber. 1826. Trustees, Orrin J. Hubbell, Caleb Baldwin, Moses Warren; clerk, P. L. Brown ; treasurer, Enoch Gleason. 1827. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Daniel Warren, Asa Stiles; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Peleg Brown. 1828. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Daniel Warren, Beckwith Cook; clerk, Onin J. Hubbell ;^ treasurer, Asa Stiles. 1829. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Nathaniel Goodspeed, David Benja- min; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Daniel Pillsbury. 1830. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Gabriel Culver, Andrew Wilson; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Moses Warren. 1831. Trustees, Enoch Gleason, Jedediah Hubbell, Horace Hamilton; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Moses Warren. 1832. Trustees, Milo Gleason, John Woodruff, Horace Hamilton; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell ; treasurer, Moses Warren. 1833. Trustees, Orrin J. Hubbell, Moses Warren, Jr., Samuel M. Pren- tiss; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Milo Gleason." 1834. Trustees, Gabriel Culver, Bazaleel Thorp, Solyman Hubbell; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Orrin J. Hubbell. 1835. Trustees, Milo Gleason, Bezaleel Thorp, Nathaniel Lyon; clerk Wm. H. Cole; treasurer, Asa Upson. ' 1836. Trustees, Luther R. Prentiss, Elijah W. Bronsou. Frederick Sillsby; clerk, Parker Boy nton; treasurer, Asa Upson. 1837. Trustees, Amos Birchard, Milo Gleason, Moses Warren ; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Wm. H. Cole. 1838. Warren Thorp, Milo Gleason, Andrew Wilson; clerk, Orrin J. Hubbell; treasurer, Wm. H. Cole, 1839. Trustees, Warren Thorp, Asa Upson, Amos Birchard; clerk, Milo Gleason, treasurer, Wm. H. Cole. 1840. Moses Warren, Jr., Andrew Wilson, John Q. Proper- clerk Luther R. Prentiss; Elijah W. Bronson. 1841. Trustees, Moses Warren, Jr., Everett HoUey, John G. Proper- clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, David Birchard. 1842. Trustees, Erastus Smith, Oliver Ranson, Pliny S. Coukey; clerk, Milo Gleason ; treasurer, Amos Birchard. 1843. Trustees, Linus Clark, Albert Kingsbury, Pliny S. Oonkey; clerk, Milo Gleason; treasurer, Truman Eggleston. 1844. Trustees, Otis Lyon, Russell Frizzell, Henry Wetherby; clerk, Albert Kingsbury; treasurer, Truman Eggleston. 1845. Trustees, Thomas Cain, John Hewett, Russell Frizzell ; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Wm. H. Cole. 1846. Trustees, Thomas Cain, John Hewitt, James Clapp; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Wm. H. Cole. 1847. Trustees, Linus Clark, John Hewitt, James Clapp; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer, Wm. H. Warren. 1848. Trustees, Nathan Lyon, Henry Gleason, James Clapp; clerk, Wm. H. Warren; treasurer, Oliver Ranson. 1849. Trustees, Nathan Lyon, Henry Gleason, Wm. Bowler; clerk, Wm. H. Cole; treasurer, Oliver Ranson. 1850. Trustees, Henry Wetherby, Russell Frizzell, James Clapp ; clerk, Wm. H. Cole ; treasurer, Oliver Ranson. 1851. Trustees, Linus Clark, Russell Frizzell, Moses Warren, Jr.; clerk, Wm. H. Warren: treasurer. Asa Upson. 1852. Trustees, Linus Clark, Russell Frizzell, JohnT. Radcliff; clerk, Wm. H. Warren; treasurer, Asa Upson. 1853. Trustees, Asahel Lewis, Russell Frizzell, John T. Radcliff; clerk, Wm. H. Warren; treasurer. Hart Taylor. 1854. Trustees, Moses Warren, Wm. H. Cole, John T. Radcliff; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer. Hart Taylor. 1855. Trustees, Russell Frizzell, Andrew Wilson, Henry Gleason ; clerk, Luther R. Prentiss; treasurer. Hart Taylor. 1856. Trustees, Russell Frizzell, .Andrew Wilson, Henry Gleason; clerk, Linus Clark; treasurer. Hart Taylor. 1857. Trustees, Gad E. Johnson, Henry Wetherby, Everett Holley; clerk, W. S. Cannon; treasurer, Milo Gleason. 1858. Trustees, Gad E. Johnson, Moses Warren, Everett Holley; clerk, Solyman Hubbell; treasurer, Hart Taylor. 1859. Trustees, James K. Quayle, Andrew Wilson, Asahel Lewis; clerk, Solyman Hubbell; treasurer. Hart Taylor. 1860. Trustees, James K. Quayle, Moses Warren, H. N. Clark; clerk, Milo Gleason; treasurer, Han Taylor. 1861. Trustees, James Clapp, Moses Warren, H. Wetherby; clerk, E, Holley; treasurer, J. T. Radcliff. 1862. Trustees, B. F. Eddy, Robert Smith, H. Wetherby; clerk, Wm. H. Warren; John M. Burke. 1863. Trustees, Otis Farrar, Robert Smith, James K. Quayle; clerk, Wm. H. Warren; treasurer, J. T. Radcliff. 1864. Trustees, Otis Farrar, John Radcliff, Jr., James K. Quayle; clerk, Wm. Taylor; treasurer, J. T. Radcliff. 1865. Trustees, John Radcliff, Jr., Otis Farrar, A. S. Kingsbury; clerk, J. M. Burke ; treasurer, O. B. Judd ; 1866. Trustees, John Radcliff, Jr., Robert Drake, H. N. Clark; clerk, Hammond Clapp ; treasurer, O. B. Judd. 1867. Trustees, John Radcliff, Jr., Wm. H. Warren, D. L. Wightman; clerk. Edwin Taylor; treasurer, O. B. Judd; 1868. Trustees, J. P. Thorp, Wm. H. Warren, John RadcUff, Jr. ; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, G. E. Johnson. 1869. Trustees, J. P. Thorp, Wm. H. Warren, John Radcliff, Jr.; treasurer, W. W. Blair; treasurer, G. E. Johnson. 1870. Trustees, L. R. Prentiss, John Caley, G. W. Harland; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, Milo Gleason. 1871. Trustees, Elermie Earle, T. Nelson, G. W. Harland; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, Milo Gleason. 1872. Trustees, Elermie Earle, T. Nelson, G. W. Harland; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, Milo Gleason. 1873. Trustees, A. S. Cannon, J. Leppert, Jr., R. Walkden; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, D. P. Badger. 1874. Treasurer, A. S. Cannon, E. Earle, R. Walkden; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, D. P. Badger. 1875. Trustees, Thomas Harland, E. Earle, A. J. Conkey; clerk, W. W. Blair; treasurer, John Shirringer. 1876. Trustees, A. S. Cannon, Robert Walkden, A. J. Conkey; clerk, W. W. Smith ; treasurer, John Shirringer; 1877. Trustees, John C. Teare, John Radcliff, Jr., W. W. Smith; clerk, H. V. Hammond; treasurer, D. Nowack. 1878. Trustees, John 0. Teare, John Caley, W. W. Smith; clerk, H. V. Hammond ; treasurer, David Wade. 1879. Trustees, Sebastian Fieg, John Caley, James Smith; clerk, H. V. Hammond; Treasurer, David Wade. The justices of the peace in 1879 were William S. Oorlett and Wm. H. Sanders. At the spring election in 1879 the voters numbered two hundred and sixty- six. In 1819 the total tax of Warrensville was 113.50, of which eighty cents could not be collected. In 1821, after Orange was organized, the tax was only $6.05, which was disbursed as follows: WARRENSVILLE. 531 PaidEunaR. Baldwin, constable 8 54 " Ansel Young, township clerk 1 18 " Asa Stiles, trustee 1 55 " Ebenezer Russell, trustee 1 00 " Josiah Abbott, trustee 1 00 " George Cannon, collector 60 " Chester Risley, treasurer 18 It is probable that in the above audit the treasurer was allowed all the fuuds left on hand, which certain- ly did not remunerate him extravagantly. In 1828 the township gave John Adams thirty two votes for President of the United States, and Andrew Jackson fifteen votes for the same ofijce. The township owns a fine brick hall at the center, and several cemeteries, conveniently located in the most populous neighborhoods. In 1874 a large and substantial vault for burial purposes was constructed at the expense of the township, a little north of Warrensville Center. ROADS AND RAILROADS. In 1817 the township was divided into four road districts, with the following supervisors: Moses "War- ren, Robert Prentiss, Benjamin Thorp and Syrenus Burnett. About this time the firgt road (the one run- ning through the center east and west,) was partially opened, and other roads underbrushed. Sometime about 1850 the former was graded and planked, but the company allowed it to go down after the first planks had decayed. It was used as a public road until 1876, when the Cleveland and Warrensville plank road company put down five miles of planks, from the city limits to a point three-fourths of a mile east of the center. The road running from the center south was also formerly planked, as well as the road from Randall, northwest to Newburg; but they have long since been used as common higliways. Most of the public roads have been well graded, and are gen- erally in a fair condition. In 1879 the supervisors were Henry Lyon, Edward Cacher, Charles Brathlott, George Leigh, John Dejtch, Herbert Conkey, Peter Fehr. William Cowley, James RadclifE, Frederick Schnedker, Robert Trendall, Edward Moore, Frank A^gier, Frederick Fehr and Robert Walkden. The Cleveland and Mahoning and the Atlantic and Great Western raidroads pass through the southwest- ern part of the township. They use one road bed but have tracks of different, gauges. RANDALL STATION. A part of the road forms a heavy grade and the Randall station, in consequence, is half a mile east of that hamlet, and just over the Bedford township line. There are but a few buildings at the station and only about twenty houses at the hamlet of Randall. The point was first known as Plank Road Station, but in 1868 a post oflBce was established here which was named after Alexander W. Randall, at that time post- master-general, and the locality took the same appel- lation. Nelson Beckwith was the first postmaster, but in 1870 he was succeeded by Mr. Charles Gross- meyer, who yet holds the ofiBce. It has a daily mail. About 1848 George Lathrop put up a tavern at this place which became widely known at the Plank Road House. He was succeeded by Otis Farrar and others, the hotel since 1873 having been kept by Charles Grossmeyer. A second public house was here put up by Charles Nickerson, which was called the "Blue Tavern," and is still carried on. A few goods have also been sold at these places. WARRENSVILLE CENTER. This was formerly a place of more importance than at present. It contains a Methodist church, the town hall, a fine school-building and eight or ten houses. About 1844 Dwyer Sherman put up the present tav- ern, which has been kept byNickerson, Teed, Kings- bury, McKee, Birchard and many others. Another hotel directly opposite was destroyed by fire. One and a half miles west on the plank road a fine country hotel was opened in October, 1877, by A. A. Gillette and is yet conducted by him. Parker Boynton had the first store in the place, selling his stand to E. W. Branson. Birchard & Brewer, John M. Burke, Wm. H. Warren and others have also been in trade there. At present D. Nowack has a small store and is postmaster of an office which has a tri-weekly mail from Chagrin Falls. Milo Gleason was the first postmaster, keeping the office at his residence. His successors are Amos Birchard, John McKee, Chester Button, John M. Burke, W. H. Warren, Edwin Taylor, and the present incumbent. THE MANUFACTURING INTERESTS of the township have been few and limited to the common kinds. Many years ago a steam sawmill was put up a little west of the center by Wm. R. Trues- dell, which was subsequently moved to its present site where it is operated by T. J. RadclifE. It is also supplied with a run of stones for grinding feed and has machinery for making cider. On Mill Brook two sawmills were formerly operated by men respectively named Palmer and Flick. To Palmer's mill steam- power was subsequently supplied but both establish- ments have long since been discontinued. The first sawmill in the township was on Shaker Brook and was put up by Ezra Smith, about 1830, or later. A gristmill was put in operation at a subse- quent period and in 1829 the Shakers built a new gristmill, having two overshot wheels and two runs of stone. In a few years they also had a linseed oil mill. A better sawmill was built by them in 1836, and some time after 1850 they erected a good brick building for a woolen factory, which was operated until about ten years ago. The society also had an establishment for the manufacture of wooden ware, a tannery and other small works; but with the excep- tion of their mills and broom factories no manufac- turing is at present carried on by it. The principal industry of the Shakers as well as of the people of the township are the ordinary agricultural pursuits; but lately a number of small vineyards have been 532 THE TOWNSHIPS OF CUYAHOGA COUNTY. planted, and some attention is paid to small fruit culture. THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The first school-house in the township was put up on the site of Gillette's hotel about 1815. It was built of rough, round logs, with a stick chimney backed with stones and capable of burning logs from four to eight feet long. William Addison was the first teacher; and other early teachers were Ansel Young and Aziel Aldrich. The pupils were from the Russell, Honey, Warren and Prentiss families. In 1830 there were four districts in the township; at present there are eight, each receiving an equal portion of the funds raised for school purposes. In 1878 this amounted to $3,779.64, the greater part of which was paid for tuition. In 1875, two hundred and thirty-four male and two hundred and twenty-one female persons of school age were reported in the township, of which nine were colored. Warrensville has an excellent class of school-houses, of shapely proportions and built of brick. The one at the cen- ter is two stories high and was completed in 1878, at a cost of $2,400. The board of education in 1879 was composed of the following: District No. 1, Ja- cob Steuer; No. 3, J. G. Gleason, (president); No. 4, Thomas Nelson; No. 5, Robert Carran; No. 6, Seth Knowles; No. 7, Robert Drake; No. 8, James N. Smith; No. 9, Lafayette Conkey; V. D. Hammond, clerk. THE UNITED SOCIETY OF BELIEVERS. This society, commonly called the Shaker commu- nity of North Union, is located in the northwestern part of Warrensville, eight miles from Cleveland and began operations there in the early part of 1822. The previous fall Ralph Russell, one of a number of that family, living on lots twenty-two and twenty-three, visited the Shaker community, at Union Village, in Warren county, to investigate tlieir doctrines and, if acceptable, to become a member. He received their testimony and came home to remove his family thither the following spring. Meantime his exposition of the Shaker doctrines had made such an impression on his friends and neighbors that when the knowledge of it came to the elders of the Union Village society, they determined to visit the locality ''to open the testi- mony," and if a sufficient number believed, to estab- lish an auxiliary community there. On this mission came James Hodge and Richard Pelham on the 25th of March, 1822. After tarryino- a few weeks they made a report, urging the society to carry out its purpose; and soon after, Richard Mc- Nemar, James Hodge, Richard Pelham, Anna Boyd and Betsy Dunlavey were delegated to organize the believers (Ralph Russell, Chester Risley, Elijah Rus- sell, Riley Honey, Elisha Russell and some others) into a common family to be known with reference to the parent society as "The North Union." About this time public worship after the manner of the Shakers was first held in a log cabin on the hill near where Ralph Russell lived; and the meetings were continued with satisfactory results until the fall of the year. When the elders returned home several of the brethren from North Union accompanied them to more fully study the practical part of Shakerism, as exemplified in the usages of an older community. Their report gave every assurance of their belief that they had found the True Millennial Church. In the spring of 1823 lot twenty-two was formally consecrated after having been purchased by the trustees of the Union Village community. Other purchases were made and donations received until at present the landed property consists of nearly one thousand four hundred acres of choice land, contiguous to the orig- inal lot, which is in a good state of cultivation and has on it a number of fine farm buildings. In 1826 the framed house for the Center family was built which was the first frame at North Union, log cabins having served up to that period. The stone work was done by James S. Prescott, who came from Cleve- land for this purpose, and who was so well pleased with the Shakers that he connected himself with the society, and has remained ever since a prominent member. About this time the children, numbering twenty-five, were gathered at what is now the East house, and were placed under the care and instruc- tion of Oliver Wheeler and Prudence Sawyer. Great pains have since been taken to educate the youth of the community, which is constituted a separate school district and as such receives its portion of the State funds. The elders of the Un.on Village community con- tinued to visit North Uuion statedly to preach and teach, and the principles of Shakerism having been practically tested, the " Covenant" was signed on the 28th of September, 1828, by Elijah Russell, James S. Prescott, Samuel Russell, Chester Risley, Return Russell, Elisha Russell, John P. Root, Wm. Andrews, Edward Russell, Wm. Johnson, Daniel N. Baird, Ambrose Bragg, Benjamin Hughey, Barney Cossett, Riley Honey, Ebenezer Russell, Mary B. Russell, Prudence Sawyer, Emma H. Russell, Lydia Russell 1st, Lydia Russell 2nd, Jerusha Russell 1st, Jerusha Russell 2nd, Clarissa Risley, Clarinda Baird, Melinda Russell, Hannah Addiso,n, Caroline Bears, Candace P. Russell, Mercy Sawyer, Esther Russell, Abigail Russell, Phebe Russell, Phebe Andrews, Almeda Cossett, Adaline Russell and Diantha Carpenter. Sixteen more brethren and twenty-seven sisters signed later in the fall of 1828, making in all eighty mem- bers. The church was fully organized by the election of James S. Prescott, Chester Risley, Prudence Sawyer and Eanice Russell as elders and elderesses; Return Russell, Elisha Rassell, John P. Root, Lydia Russell 1st and Huldah Russell as deacons and deaconesses. As other families were formed each had its own offi- cers. At present the community is composed of three families, viz: The East family, having twenty-five WAKRENSVILLE. 533 members, of which John P. Root and Charles Taylor are the elders, and Rachael Russell and Harriet Sny- der the elderesses. The Center Family, having thirty members, of which Samuel Miner and George W. Ingalls, are the elders; Lusetta Walker and Clyminia Miner the elderesses. The Mill Family, having twelve members of which Curtis Cramer and Watson An- drews are the elders; Lydia Cramer and Temperance Devan the elderesses. The duties of the above oBBcers are mainly spiritual. Tiie temporalities are controlled by a board of trus- tees, composed of James S. Pi-escott, George W. In- galls and Samuel S. Miner; the office-deaconessess are 0;indace Russell, Abigail Russell and Margaret Saw- yer. Each family has a very comfortable residence, connected with which are shops and other buildings in which the membei's find occupation, although agri- culture is the principal industry. Many of the mem- bei's being aged and infirm, the society is obliged to employ a force of outside help to carry on its large farm. The community has always been dependent on Union Village for its ministers, who visit this place statedly to show the more perfect way and "unfold the testimony," according to the standpoint of the United Believers. At present these are Wm. Rey- nolds, Amos Parkhust, Louisa Farnham and Adaline Wells. The meeting house at tlie residence of the Center family is the second m which the community has worshiped, and was erected in 1849. It is a plain frame, fifty by one hundred feet, and has twenty-foot posts. The public meetings were discontinued in 1877, but each family maintains a meeting every Sab- bath afternoon in its assembly room, in addition to its usual devotions, to wliich unbelievers are admitted under proper restrictions. The forms of worship have been some somewhat modified, the principal change being the substitution of marching for danc- ing; but the essential features of the community re- main as they were established, half a century ago; and although th,e vitality of the society has been some- what impaired by death and other causes, it will probably be able to maintain an existence for many years .to come to elucidate the principles of its mem- bers, which, although they can never be generally ac- cepted, are yet entitled to just consideration before they are utterly condemned. THE PEOTESTANT METHODIST CHUKCH. Sometime after 1833 a society of Reformed Meth- odists was organized in the township which, in a short time, became the nucleus of the above society. About 1835 a meeting-house was erected at the center which was used while the church had an existence; but after 1860, when but two male members— W. H. Warren ■ and R. P. Bennett— were left, it was sold and moved to Orange. This change from a large and flourishing membership was caused chiefly by removals and death. Among the clergy who preached m the church are remembered the names of Revs. Dolby, Heath, Bamford, Reeves, Tracy, Moody, Kingsley and Bowman. THE DISCIPLE CHURCH. A few years after the erection of the above church at the center, a meeting-house for the use of a soci- ety of Disciples, which had been organized in the township, was built near by, and was occupied for worship about twenty years when its use was aban- doned and the house soon after removed. Among the prominent members of the Disciple church were the Hubbell families. In 1843 the chui-ch had forty- two conversions and the following year the meeting of the clergy of the clergy of the donomination was held with the society. Thirteen ministers were present. For several years thereafter the church flourished, but was dismembered by removals to such an extent that it was not possible to longer maintain its organization. THE FREE CHURCH OF WARRENSVILLE. This is in the southwestern part of the township and is controlled by an association, formed in Janu- ary, 1861, which was composed of William Watterson, John Kelley, William Kerruish, Robert Carran, Wil- liam Callon, D. L. Wightman, William P. Cain, James Boyd and Thomas Collister. An old frame school-house was purchased and has been so thoroughly repaired that it now affords a comfortable place of worship. The controlling trustees are William P. Cain, James Boyd and Thomas Taubman. The house is free for any religious sect which may choose to hold its meetings there, but has been occupied principally by the Bible Christians. This sect also owns a neat chapel in the northeastern part of the township, in which meetings are statedly held in connection with the foregoing, and other appointments in Orange, where resides the pastor, the Rev. Moore. The mem- bership in Warrensville is small, but the church work is in a sound condition. The society was organized December 11, 1862, with William Lang, Alexander Barber, Isaac Burt and John Short, trustees. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN WARRENS- VILLE.* The present organization of the Methodist Episco- pal church in Warrensville was effected November 13, 1837, by the formation of a class at the center of the township. Previous to that time a class had been formed; but it was soon afterwards dissolved, most of the members joining the Protestant Methodist church. The members composing the class formed at the time above stated were Silas Johnson, class leader; Ase- nath Johnson, Asa Upson, Chloe Upson, Jatmes Lee, Amos Gardner, Moses Warren, Sr., Anna Hoisted, David C ashman. Almira Cushman, Hiram B. Craine (local preacher), Jane Craine, Warren Thorp, Han- nah Thorp, Fanny Bronson, Dayton Thorp, Sally Kilby, Timothy Hoisted, Gideon Pierce, Mary A. Johnson, Gertie Johnson, Daniel Hubbard, E. L. *By William S. Corlett, Esq. 534 THE TOWNSHIPS OP CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Hubbard, Lydia Thomas, John Hewit, Thomas Quayle, A. Quayle, Ann Hampton, John Kneale, John Teare and 0. Boyd. The society held its meetings in the center school- house until 1845 when a church was erected in that locality by Asa Upson, Robert Smith and John Hew- itt as a building committee. This church was con- tinuously occupied by the Methodists until burned down in 1866, when Warrensville Center was without a church building — three having stood there but a short time before. Adapting themselves to the chauge of circumstances the Methodists returned to the school- house and continued to hold services therein. In the winter of 1867-8 a meeting of the prominent and in- fluential people of the township was held at the resi- dence of Robert Smith, whereat steps were taken to secure the erection of a new house of worship. Some time after a building committee was appointed con- sisting of Rev. Robert Smith, Erastus Smith, Joseph Thorp, William H. Warren and Edwin Taylor, with authority to build a church at Warrensville Center. Rev. R. Smith was appointed a sub-committee to su- porintend the building. The result was that in the sammer of 1868 the present commodious and conven- ient church was erected. The dedicatory services wjre conducted by Rev. Cyrus Prendle, D.D. The church has been recently very much improved in ap- pearance and comfort by the ladies, headed by Mrs. D. Cameron, Mrs C. Harrison and Mrs. Eliza J. Teare. There is at present preaching each Sabbath morn- ing, the circuit preacher alternating with the Rev. Robert Smith, a local deacon of the M. E. Church. In the year 1837 regular preaching by the cii'cuit preachers was commenced at the Radcliffe school- house, in North Warrensville, and continuously kept up to the present. Occasionally, previous to this date, preaching by local preachers was kept" up, some- times in the school-house and sometimes at private honses. But it was not till after 1837 that tlie first chiss was organized. The original members composing this class were James Smith, Mary Smith, Robert Smith, James Lee, Laura Lee, Caleb Litch, Mercy Litch and Elizabeth Oorbett. The class was soon increased by the addi- tion of several others. Among the first to join was John Radcliffe, Jr., the present recording steward of the circuit. Robert Smith has been leader of this class for about forty years. The first Sunday-school in the township was or- ganized in the Radcliffe school-house by the Method- ists, and for forty years has been regularly main- tained, Robert Smith being for most of the time superintendent. At present the Sunday-school at the center and the one at Radcliffe school-house are superintended by Wm. S. Corlett. There is a M. E. Sunday-school in the school-house in Northeast Warrensville, Rev. Seneca Thomas, superintendent; and recently a Sunday-school was organized in the school-house in Distjict No. 1, in the western part of township, Wm. M. Warren being superintendent. The following Methodist Episcopal ministers have preached at the Center M. E. Church and the Radcliffe school-house, in connection with other preaching places, forming a circuit sometimes com- posed of several townships. At present the circuit is composed of the above two appointments in Warrens- ville, two more iu Orange, and one at the Euclid stone school-house: 1837, Phillip Green, Peter Burroughs; 1838, Lo- euzo D. Prosser, J. W. Davis; 1839, John H. Hallock, William P. Wilson, Geo. C. Baker; 1840, J. H. Hallock, Milo H. Bettis; 1841, W. French, John 0. Wood; 1843, W. French, Wm. S. Warallo; 1843, W. S. Warallo, H. Elliott; 1844, John E. Aikins, Milo Butler; 1845, J. E. Aikins, 0. P. Henry; 1846, Albina Hall, D. M. Stearns; 1847, A. Hall, John H. Tagg; 1848, Samuel Gregg, W. F. Day; 1849, Ira Eddy, W. P. Day; 1850-51, A. Walker, E. C. Lattimer; 1852, A. Pouts, Samuel Raynels; 1853, A. Pouts, Robert Gray; 1854, Thomas Radcliffe, Joseph Wooley; 1855, William Patterson, John McCarthy; 1856, L.W. Ely, AlbertNorton; 1857, H. P. Henderson, L. E. Beardsley; 1858-9, Hiram Kellogg; 1860, Cyril Wilson; 1861, M. Williams; 1862, G. R. Bowman; 1863-4, J. K. Mendenhall; 1865-6-7, B. C. Warner; 1868-9, Thomas Radcliffe; 1870, A. Pouts; 1871, Robert Gray; 1872-3, Hiram Kellogg; 1874, C. W. Darrow; 1875, S. Collier; 1876-7, George Johns; 1878-9, P. L. Chalker.