u. 1963 G49 if MW B Cornell University The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/cletails/cu31924009381140 " If a thousandth part of what has been t'Xpeifdid^ laar and preparing its mighty engines had been devoted to the' de-velopment of reason and the diffusion of Christian principles, nothing would have been known for centuries past of its terrors, its sufferings, its impoverishment and its demoralization but what was learned from history. '' — Horace mann. " Were half the power that fills the world with terror. Were half the ivealth bestotved on camps and courts. Given to redeem the human mind from error. There vjere no need of arsenals or forts,"** — Longfellow. The International Library AR as a method of settling differences be- tween nations is becoming recognized by thoughtful men everywhere as unworthy of the civilization which we have attained. It is opposed to every sentiment of justice and humanity. The epoch-making work of Jean de Bloch and the conclusions of other special students in our time make it clear that, under the changed conditions which modern inventions have effected, and in the new economic relations of men, great wars can no longer go on without awful risk of wrecking nations and bankrupting the world. The recent war between Russia and Japan has emphasized these lessons with terrible power. Thinking people view with alarm the immense armaments which have been increased so portentously in Europe during the last decade, and which even our own republic has been drawn into. The experiences of the United States, Great Britain and Germany, as of other nations, during the last years, have been such as to force home in all sober and thoughtful circles the inquiry how really desirable interna- tional ends may be and ought to be achieved. The Hague Conventions and Tribunal, established irt this very time, are a beacon to the nations. Every good citizen of every land is called upon to reenforce the senti- ment which called these into being, and to hasten the time [ • J THE INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY when the International Tribunal, or the Court of Arbitral Justice to be established beside it, shall fulfill for a united world the office which our Supreme Court has for more than a century so beneficently fulfilled for the United States. At the third Hague Conference, which will meet not later than 1915, further steps will certainly be taken toward the development of these Conferences into a regular Interna- tional Parliament, composed of representatives of the various nations, meeting regularly, to confer upon matters concern- ing the welfare of all and make recommendations which, when ratified, shall become international law. This Inter- national Parhament will be the legislative counterpart of the International Tribunal. The first proposal for its es- tablishment came from the United States. It is the duty of our country to be the leader of the nations in this work of universal organization, disarmament and peace ; for it was to make the republic the great peace power of the world that its founders aimed, and our own national organi- zation is upon almost precisely the lines demanded for world organization. It is for us jealously to hold the republic up to the level of its best ideals, and to keep our children in the schools and our families in their homes alive to those ideals and to their duties in behalf of peace and order and the progress of mankind. It was never so imperative as now that the best thought of the great thinkers upon the world's better organization should be made a part of the daily bread of our people. A comprehensive educational effort in behalf of true international relations and life is the commanding need of the time. The educators of America and of Euro- pean nations are now recognizing this. The Boards of Education in many of our own states have in recent years taken action with a view to regular attention to interna- tional duties in the public schools; and this action has been followed by warm endorsement of the cause by the National Educational Association, and by the creation of a strong American School Peace League. An important committee of university presidents and others has been 002- THE INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY formed to promote the same interest in our colleges and universities, with most encouraging results ; and the present multiplication of Cosmopolitan Clubs in our universities is a remarkable sign of the times. The peace cause is also being taken up as never before by our churches and commercial organizations and by the press. Deeply impressed by our obligations and our great opportunities as Americans at this juncture, I have felt that the most effective influence against the military spirit would be the wide circulation among our people of the best international books, condemning the methods of force and inculcating the methods of reason in the settlement of the differences between nations. The literature of the peace movement is very extensive, but almost all of it is unavailable in cheap and attractive form. This should be remedied ; and to meet the great need thoroughly will be one of the primary concerns of the International School of Peace. A hundred books and pamphlets, old and new, should be placed, at slight cost, within reach of everybody. These books should be in every library, in every newspaper office, in every minister's study, on every teacher's table, in the hands of every man and woman who shapes public opinion ; and they should serve the Peace Societies and supplement the efforts organized, or to be organized, in school and church and business. Recognizing this clear need I began some years ago the publication of an Inter- national Library, under the editorial direction of Mr. Edwin D. Mead; and we hope to add rapidly to the list such works as will best advance the world's better organization. These books are sold at the lowest possible price, in the interest of the peace movement ; and we ask the earnest cooperation of all friends of the cause in securing for them the widest circulation. Edwin Ginn. 1910. [ 3 J THE INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY JEAN DE BLOCH'S "The Future of War" is the most important work in opposition to the war system which has appeared in recent times. Published two or three years before the first Hague Conference, it made a profound impression upon the Czar of Russia, as upon governmental and financial circles in Europe altogether, and was undoubtedly one of the chief influences which led to the calling of the Hague Conference. Its great power is in its showing that the very perfection and destructiveness of modern arma- ments are rapidly tending to make the use of these impossible, and that the cost of modern warfare is becoming so appalling as to threaten the bankruptcy and political disruption of nations resorting to it. The whole work, packed with statistics, fills six volumes. The volume here published in the International Library is the concluding volume, in which the results are summarized and the arguments stated. Charles Sumner's "Addressei on War" include his famous Fourth of July oration in 1845 on " The True Grandeur of Na- tions," his still more powerful address four years later on "The War System of Nations," and his address in 1870 on "The Duel be- tween France and Germany." It is not too much to say that there are no other summary arraignments of the war system so thorough, so scholarly and so powerflil as these addresses of Sumner's. Channing's "Discouries on War" may with equal warrant be pronounced the most impressive and convincing which have come from the American pulpit. They should have the widest circulation in our churches and in all religious circles. The Bishop of Hereford has recently said in England that he counted it a national calamity that his countrymen were not more familiar with these addresses by Channing and Sumner. "The Ethicc of Force," by H. E. Warner, is a searching study, in the light of evolution, of the forces and misconceptions which during the long past and to the present time have made peoples rivals, enemies and fighters of each other. His chapters upon Heroism and Patriotism are singularly illuminating, showing how false and mischievous are the popular conceptions of these qualities, and how important is the work of education which must be done to bring common national sentiment into accord with morality and humanity. David L. Dodge of New York was the founder of the first Peace Society in America, or in the world. His two famous essays, [4 ] THE INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY published in the early part of the last century, and both included in the present volume, were the first important essays directed against the war system by an American. The interest of the more impor- tant of these essays, " War Inconsistent with the Religion of Jesus Christ," is not, however, simply historical. The New York mer- chant was a Tolstoyan a century before Tolstoy ; and his impeach- ments of the inhumanity, the folly and the crime of war have present potency and apphcation. "World Organization," by Raymond L. Bridgman, has been welcomed by many thoughtful men as the most constructive and prophetic of modern international books. It is praised in the highest terms by men like Andrew D. White. It shows in a striking manner how rapidly the organization of the nations in their mutual relations is actually proceeding, not only on the judicial side through the con- stitution of the Hague Tribunal, but legislatively and executively ; and it analyzes and interprets with rare^ penetration the world con- ditions which are making inevitable some kind of international feder- ation, with a World Parliament alongside the World Court. It is a book which should be studied with special care with reference to the problems with which the third Hague Conference will have to deal. Rev. Walter Walsh is an eloquent clergyman of Dundee, Scot- land, whose burning words to many American audiences at the time of his presence here to attend the Boston Peace Congress deeply impressed all who heard him. He is one of the most devoted war- riors against war in Great Britain. No man has studied more search- ingly the moral damage wrought by the Boer War and its attendant fever upon the British public. Drawing from that melancholy chapter in the life of his own nation his principal illustrations, he sets forth in startling detail, in his book on " The Moral Damage of War," that damage as felt by the church, the school, the press, the politician, the soldier, and every class in the body politic. The ref- erences massed in his many pages of notes are if possible yet more moving than his powerful plea and argument. It is perhaps not too much to say that the two Hague Conferences of 1899 and 1907 were the most important political gatherings in human history. No other work for the peace and better organiza- tion of the world has been so significant as that achieved at The Hague by the official representatives of the nations in these mem- orable assemblies. A new epoch has been opened by them for mankind ; and a thorough knowledge of the Hague Conferences and C 5 ] THE INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY their conventions must henceforth be the foundation of all study of international problems and action concerning them. Professor Wil- liam I. Hull has rendered a great service to the American public and to all political students by preparing at such a time his scholarly work upon "The Two Hague Conferences." Peculiarly qualified for the work by his general historical and political culture and his identification with the movement for international justice. Professor Hull spent the entire summer of 1907 at The Hague for close, per- sonal study of the Second Conference during its session. Giving first an account of the origin, organization, personnel and program of the two Conferences, he then details successively the discussion and action of the two upon each topic considered. The aim of Professor James Brown Scott's "The Texts of the Peace Conferences at The Hague, 1899 and 1907," is to present to the English-speaking public the official French texts of the two Con- ferences, accompanied by an official English translation and the diplo- matic correspondence necessary to their understanding, together with an appendix of documents relating to and explanatory of the various conventions of the two Conferences. A prefatory note by the Hon. Elihu Root states the importance of the Conferences, and an intro- duction by the editor supplies the necessary historical setting. An elaborate analytical index shows the relation of each article to its pred- ecessor, and enables the student to trace the origin, development and modification of the doctrine. The addresses included in Professor Scott's volume of "Amer- ican Addresses at the Second Hague Conference " were delivered by Messrs. Joseph H. Choate, Gen. Horace Porter and James Brown Scott, three members of the American delegation to the Second Hague Peace Conference. They are published in collected form in order to show not merely the attitude of the American delegation on certain of the fundamental questions discussed, but to explain the projects of that delegation and to show the influence exercised by it upon the work of the Conference. The immunity of private property of the enemy from capture, the restriction of the use of force in the collec- tion of contract debts, arbitration, the judicial settlement of contro- versies arising out of war, as well as the judicial settlement of con. troversies arising in time of peace, are subjects of permanent interest. An introduction on formal and informal addresses at the Conference and three addresses by Messrs. Choate, Porter and Scott upon the importance of the Conference and the results actually achieved by it [6] THE INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY precede the main body of the volume. The volume is a valuable companion to the previous volume of texts of the Peace Conferences at The Hague. The " Great Design " of Henry IV of France was the first am- bitious and comprehensive scheme in modern history to organize the world ; for Europe in 1 600 was the civilized world, and the great French king planned such a federation of the European states as should insure the substitution of legal methods for the prevailing war system. The assassination of Henry in 1610 prevented the execu- tion of his plan, and it was fifty years before knowledge of it was given to the world in the posthumous Memoirs of the Duke of Sully, Henry's great minister. Sully's account is given in full in the pres- ent volume, with various illustrative passages from his Memoirs. There is a historical introduction by Edwin D. Mead, and in the appendix is reprinted the noteworthy old papers on the "Great Design," by Edward Everett Hale, to whose memory the volume is dedicated. It is the first of several volumes devoted to the classics of the peace movement which are to be added to the International Library. The " Nouveau Cynee" of Emeric Cruce is announced for early publication, and this will be followed by Immanuel Kant's "Eternal Peace," etc. The awakening of the world's educators to the importance of the effort for international arbitration and peace is one of the most sig- nificant facts of the time. The peace movement among the teachers of France and other European countries is noteworthy. The new American School Peace League has immediately become one of our own most important peace agencies. The anniversary of the meeting of the first Hague Conference is already observed in a thousand schools, and programs for such occasions are being everywhere called for. It is to meet the needs of this great movement in the schools that Mrs. Lucia Ames Mead's little manual for teachers, "Patriotism and the New Internationalism," has been prepared. It analyzes searchingly true patriotism and false patriotism, shows what the new relations and duties are which civilization today imposes upon the family of nations, outlines the present constructive efforts toward bet- ter world organization, and furnishes a wealth of inspiring material to aid teachers and the schools in the useful observance of May 18. Prepared especially for the schools, it may rightly be said also that no other little handbook fiirnishes for the general reader in so few pages a better idea of the definite aims of the peace movement at the present time. [ 7 3 INTERNATIONAL LIBRARY Edited by EDWIN D. MEAD PUBLISHED FOR THE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF PEACE BY GINN AND COMPANY, 29 BEACON STREET, BOSTON Scott — American Addresses at the Second Hague Conference. Mailing price, Si .65 Mead — The Great Design of Henry IV. Mailing price, 55 cents Scott — The Texts of the Peace Conferences at The Hague. Mailing price, $2.20 Hull — The Two Hague Conferences. Mailing price, $1.65 Walsh — The Moral Damage of War. Mailing price, 90 cents Dodge — War Inconsistent with the Religion of Jesus Christ. Mailing price, 60 cents Bridgman — World Organization. Mailing price, 60 cents Warner — The Ethics of Force. Mailing price, 55 cents Channing — Discourses on War. Mailing price, 60 cents Sumner — Addresses on War. Mailing price, 60 cents Block — The Future of War. Mailing price, 65 cents .:.ai;|;::;i:j:jH Messrs. Ginn and Company have also published for the International School of Peace the following works in pamphlet form BETHINK YOURSELVES!— By Leo ToLSTOL Postpaid, lo cents A LEAGUE OF PEACE: Rectorial Address before the University of St. Andrews — By Andrew Carnegie. Postpaid, 10 cents PATRIOTISM AND THE NEW INTERNATIONALISM. A Manual for Teachers. — By Lucia Ames Mead. Postpaid, 20 cents Ih Cornell University Library JX 1963.G49 The international library 3 1924 009 381 140