^s\^ 
 
 M»i 
 
 b-m 
 
CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
Cornell University Library 
 PK 177.T28 
 
 3 1924 023 050 754 
 
 Date Due 
 
 
 L \Of3^^ ^ 
 
 I 
 
 
 m"^ 
 
 
 
 
 11 it 
 
 
 
 
 '^M 
 
 ' — ^WR"! 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 ' — </ I8UO J 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 M^rr 
 
 'CI 1907 it 
 
 r 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (W 
 
 23233 
 
 
177 
 Tzs 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tiiis book is in 
 tine Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023050754 
 
RELATING TO 
 
 EELMON, CUSTOMS, GOYEMMENT, LAND; 
 
 AKD 
 
 OTHEK TEEMS AND WOEDS IN COMMON USE. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN DISTRICT 
 
 WORK IN THE N. W. PROVINCES AND OUDH., AND ALSO OF 
 
 THOSE APPLIED TO LABOURERS 
 
 BY 
 
 G. TEMPLE. 
 
 With au Appendix giving Computation of Time and Money, and "Weights and 
 Measures, in British India, and Forms of Address. 
 
 LONDON : 
 LUZAC & Co., 
 
 Publishers to the India Office 
 
 46, Great Eussell street, 
 
 1897. 
 
 (.. 1;!^ I I 
 UUMVLUb'Ct Y 
 
 U^lvAKY: 
 

 T^ar 
 
 /J^fi^SJ^Vp 
 
 EOKLOPPZEK & HUBNEE, 
 
 Printers. 
 AmsUrdam {Holland.) 
 
PREFACE, 
 
 This work has been compiled chiefly for those who have not 
 sufficient time to devote to the study of those languages of India 
 to which this Glossary pertains, and who yet, in the course of their 
 reading of Indian subjects, feel the want of an explanation, in a 
 small compass, of terms relating to the religion, manners, customs, &c.,. 
 of the Hindu and Mussalman peoples of India. 
 
 These terms are, it is true, to be found in excellent Urdu and 
 Hindi dictionaries ; but the latter are large and expensive works, and 
 however essential to students of those languages, they would not be 
 requisite for the majority of the readers to whom the present compi- 
 lation appeals. For these the Roman character is used in this work. 
 The Alphabets (in the same character), of the respective languages 
 have been prefixed. At the same time, the students to whom we 
 have referred will derive an advantage from having in a small 
 compass, affording facility of reference, a collection of those particular 
 terms" to which this Glossary is confined. The compiler is indebted 
 to various valuable Hindustani Dictionaries. 
 
 This Glossary was submitted to the late Dr. Eost, Librarian at 
 the India Office, who expressed a very favourable opinion of the 
 adaptability of the work to the end which the compiler had in. 
 view» 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The compiler takes this opportunity of acknowledging his obligation 
 to Professor Blumhardt, for kindly looking over the MS., and 
 making some useful suggestions. 
 
 It is possible, nay probable, that some errors in accentuation may 
 have been overlooked, and for these the compiler must appeal to the 
 indulgence of his readers. 
 
 G. T. 
 London, 1896. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Pa 
 
 The Hindustani Alphabet in Roman Characters i 
 
 The Hindustani Numerals 3 
 
 The Hindi Alphabet in Roman Characters 4 
 
 Glossary of Indian Terms relating to Religion Customs, 
 
 Government, Land, &c., &c., &c 6^ 
 
 Glossary of Terms used in Official District work in the 
 
 N. W. P. and Oudh 319 
 
 Glossary of Terms applied to labourers in the N. W. P. and Oudh 325 
 
 APPENDIX : 
 
 Muhammadan Calendar 328 
 
 Hindi! Calendar 329 
 
 Monetary System of British India 330' 
 
 Weights and Measures 331 
 
 Forms of Address , , 331 
 
The flindiistani Alphabet in Roman Characters. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 POWER. 
 
 alif 
 
 a}- 
 
 be 
 
 ^ b 
 
 pe 
 
 P 
 
 te 
 
 t 
 
 ta 
 
 t 
 
 se 
 
 8 
 
 jim 
 
 J 
 
 che 
 
 eh 
 
 he 
 
 h 
 
 • 
 
 khe 
 
 kh 
 
 dal 
 
 d 
 
 da 
 
 d 
 
 zal 
 
 z 
 
 with- modifications of sound, 
 vide note (§) 
 
 ■'' "la pronouncing the names of the letters let it be remembered that the 
 vowels are to be uniformly sounded as follows : — The unmarked a is always 
 short, OS a in wouiau, ndriftj etc.; a is always long, as a in art; i is 
 ^hort, as in pin; 1 or i is long, as in police; U is short, as n in bnll, 
 poll, etc. ; u is the same sound lengthened, and pronounced as u in rule, 
 ■etc.; e is sounded as ea in bear; is always long, as in no; ai is 
 pronounced as ai in aisle; and au is sounded as in German and Italian, or 
 very nearly like our OU in sonndj or OW in COW." I'or- these and further 
 remarks on the pronounciation of the alphabet used (with sometimes slight modifi- 
 •cations) in the north and east of Africa, in Turkey, Arabia and Persia, and by 
 the, Mussalman portion of the people of India and Malacca, and for the characters, 
 the student is referred to Forbes' Hindustani Grammar. 
 
 ' §) "Alif, according to the orthography of the Arabs has no sound but that of 
 its accompanying vowel." (Shakespear's Hindustani Grammar). 
 
 "Alif is sounded a, i or li, according to the vowel written above or below it." 
 ^(Arabic Grammar by Faris Ash-Shidyaq.) 
 
THE HINDUSTANI ALPHABET. 
 
 VAME. 
 
 POWER. 
 
 re 
 
 r 
 
 ra 
 
 F 
 
 ze 
 
 z 
 
 zhe 
 
 zh 
 
 sin 
 
 8 
 
 stain 
 
 sh 
 
 sad 
 
 s 
 
 zad 
 
 7, 
 
 toe 
 
 t 
 
 zoe 
 
 Z 
 
 ain 
 
 'a, etc, 
 
 gbain 
 fe 
 
 f 
 
 kaf 
 
 k 
 
 kaf 
 
 k 
 
 gaf 
 
 S 
 
 lam 
 
 1 
 
 mim 
 
 m 
 
 nun 
 
 n 
 
 waw 
 
 w, etc. 
 
 he 
 
 h 
 
 ye 
 
 y, etc. 
 
 The vowel marks which are sounded after the consonants over or . 
 under which they are placed consist of three, viz ; 
 
 (1) fatha, or zabar — , written over the consonant, and having^ 
 the sound of a short a. 
 
 (2) kasra, or zer 7, written under the consonant to which it 
 belongs and having the sound of i in sip. 
 
 (3) zamma, or pesh J_, written over its consonant, and having 
 the sound of u in poll, push, or more exactly of 00 in foot, hood, &c. 
 
 *) a, i or II, guttural. (Arabic Grammar by Paris .\1-Shidiac). 
 
 §) The Northumbrian r, as in round (Do. Ed. Eev. H. G. Williams, B. D. 
 formerly Professor of Arabic in the University of Cambridge) Sir "WiUiani Jones 
 (Persian Grammar) says of ain and ghain — the first is considered as a consonant, 
 and occasions any vowels with which it is connected to be pronounced as if from 
 the chest." Indians pronounce ain very slightly. In this vocabulary we have 
 represented the ain either at the commencement or end of a word by an inverted 
 comma, 'as 'akl, ma'. 
 
The Hindustani Numerals. 
 
 1 ek. 
 
 2 do. 
 
 3 tin. 
 
 4 char. 
 
 5 paneh. 
 G chlia. 
 
 7 sat. 
 
 8 ath. 
 
 9 nan. 
 dO das. 
 
 1 1 igarah. 
 
 1 2 harah. 
 
 1 3 terah. 
 
 1 4 chandali. 
 
 1 5 pandrah. 
 
 1 6 solah. 
 
 1 7 satrali. 
 
 1 8 atharah. 
 i 9 nnis. 
 
 20 Ms. 
 
 21 ikkls. 
 
 22 M'lS. 
 
 23 te'is. 
 
 24 chanbis. 
 
 25 pacliis. 
 
 26 chabbis. 
 
 27 sata'is. 
 
 28 atha'is. 
 
 29 nntis. 
 
 30 tis. 
 
 31 iktis. 
 
 32 batis. 
 
 33 tetis. 
 
 34 chantis. 
 
 35 paiutis. 
 
 36 chattis. 
 
 37 saiutls. 
 
 38 athtis. 
 
 39 uutalis. 
 
 40 chalis. 
 
 41 iktalis. 
 
 42 be'alTs. 
 
 43 totalis. 
 
 44 chan'alis. 
 
 45 paintalis. 
 
 46 chhi'alis. 
 
 47 saiutalis. 
 
 48 athtalis. 
 
 49 nuchas. 
 
 50 pachas. 
 
 51 ikawan. 
 
 52 bawau. 
 
 53 tirpan. 
 
 54 chanwan. 
 
 55 pachpan. 
 
 56 chappan. 
 
 57 sattawan. 
 
 58 athawan. 
 
 59 nnsath. 
 
 60 sath. 
 
 61 iksath. 
 
 62 basath. 
 
 63 tirsath. 
 
 64 chansath. 
 
 65 paiusath. 
 
 66 chhi'asath. 
 
 67 satsath. 
 
 68 athsath. 
 
 69 nnhattar. 
 
 70 sattar. 
 
 71 ikhattar. 
 
 72 bahattar. 
 
 73 tihattar. 
 
 74 chauhattar. 
 
 75 pactahattar. 
 
 76 chhihattar. 
 
 77 sathattar. 
 
 78 athhattar. 
 
 79 nuasi. 
 
 80 assi. 
 
 81 ikasi. 
 
 82 be'asl. 
 
 83 tirasi. 
 
 84 chanrasi. 
 
 85 pachasl. 
 
 86 chi'asi. 
 
 87 satasi. 
 
 88 athasl. 
 
 89 uan'asi. 
 
 90 nanwe. 
 
 91 ikanawe. 
 
 92 banawe. 
 
 93 tiranawe. 
 
 94 chanrauawe^ 
 
 95 pachanawe. 
 
 96 chi'anawe. 
 
 97 sataiiawe. 
 
 98 athanaTre. 
 
 99 nlnanawe. 
 100 san or sau 
 
THE HINDUSTANI NUMERALS. 
 
 Tlie foUowins are used as collective numbers : 
 
 ganda, a group of four. 
 
 gahi, a five. 
 
 kori, a score. ! 
 
 clialisa, a forty. 1 
 
 The ordinals proceed as follows: 
 
 pahla or pahila 
 
 or paihla 
 
 dSsra 2nd. 
 
 tlsra 3rd. 
 
 1st. 
 
 saikra, a hundred. 
 hazar, a thousand. 
 lakh, a hundred thousand. 
 karor, one hundred lakhs, or 
 ten millions, a 'crore'. 
 
 c]iantha 4th. 
 
 panchwau 5th. 
 
 chhatwau 
 chliatlia 
 
 6th. 
 
 The followine are fractional numbers: 
 
 pao, 
 chanth 
 chantha, I 
 tiha, i . . . . 
 ndha 
 
 
 U 
 
 pann 
 paune 
 
 sawa ■11/4 
 
 derli 1 i/g 
 
 arha'i 21/2 
 
 The Hindi, Sanskrit or Dera Nagari Alphabet of "the city of the 
 gods," from Sanskrit dsTa, a god, and nagara, a city. 
 
 The alphabet consists of fourteen vowels and thirty-three simple 
 consonants, and each letter has but one invariable sound. 
 
 The Hindi Alphabet in Roman Characters. 
 
 ka, 
 
 cha, 
 
 ta, 
 
 ta, 
 
 pa, 
 
 ya, 
 
 sa. 
 
 VOWEI.S. 
 
 I, I, u, u, ri, ri, e, ai, 
 
 CONSONANTS. 
 
 kha, 
 
 chha, 
 
 tha, 
 
 tlia, 
 
 pha, 
 
 ra, 
 
 sha, 
 
 ja, 
 da, 
 da, 
 bn, 
 la, 
 sa. 
 
 au. 
 
 gha, 
 
 jha, 
 
 dlia, 
 
 dlia, 
 
 blia, 
 
 va, or wa, 
 
 hn. 
 
 ua, 
 iia, 
 iia, 
 ua, 
 ma. 
 
THE HINDUSTANI NUMEliALS. 5 
 
 For further information regarding the Hindi alphabet, and for the 
 construction of the language, the student can consult Kellogg's 
 Hindi Grammar. The numerals differ very slightly from those we 
 have already given. 
 
 The characters of the Sanskrit letters differ considerably from those 
 of the Urdu, the Arabic, and the Persian. 
 
 In Sanskrit, the letters have a perpendicular form and are written 
 from left to right; while the letters of the Hindustani alphabet are 
 written in a horizontal direction from right to left. 
 
Glossary of some Indian Terms relating to 
 
 Religion ; Customs ; Government; Land, and other 
 
 Words in common use. 
 
 (The letter (a) placed after a word in tie glossary stands for Arabic, (ft) for 
 Hindi or HiudastiinT, (p) for Persian, and (s) for Sanskrit). 
 
 A The name of God or Tishnu. As a prefix 
 
 it is a particle of negation. 
 
 *Abd A servant of God. 
 
 Abdhiitni A kind of Hindu devotee who worships 
 
 Siva. 
 Abhisliek Sprinkling with holy Ganges water, 
 
 purification, royal unction. 
 
 ^Abid An adorer. 
 
 Ab-i-haiwan Waters of life, name of the fabulous 
 
 fountain of immortality. 
 Abja The lotus, the moon, the physician of 
 
 the gods. 
 Achamau Sipping water before religious ceremonies, 
 
 meals, from the palm of the hand, and 
 
 spitting it out again. 
 
 A-char Religious observance, custom. 
 
 Acharaj A spiritual guide, a learned pandit. 
 
 Acliclihat - (unbrolien) 
 — tilalc. (marlc made 
 by Hindus on tlie 
 forehead). 
 
 Ceremony of putting a few grains ot 
 rice on the forehead of an image when 
 addressed, or of a Braliman when invited 
 to an ealertainment. 
 
 Achcliut Eternal. A name of Yislinn. 
 
 Adab Manners, ceremonies, etiquette. 
 
 'Adiilat A court of justice, 
 
 ^Adam . Non existence, nonentity, privation. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 7 
 
 'Adat Habit, custom. 
 
 A-dharm Irreligion, impiety. 
 
 Aditi Tlie proper name of the mother of the gods. 
 
 Aditya Deities in general, the sun. 
 
 Aftab (snn) — parast 
 
 (worshipper) A worshipper of the sun. 
 
 Af rid- gar The Creator. 
 
 Agam A Sastra or work on sacred science and 
 
 of divine origin. 
 
 Aglior-panth A religious order among Hindus. 
 
 The mendicants who profess it, eat every- 
 thing, however filthy. Hence a gross 
 feeder is so called. 
 
 Agni The god of fire, name of a Fnraua. 
 
 Agras Food offered in oblations, sacrifices, &c., 
 
 to the gods. 
 
 'Ahd Contract, treaty. 
 
 Ahmad Most praisewortliy. Prop, name of Mu- 
 hammad, and of Musalmans. 
 
 'Ajam ... Barbarians (all persons not Arabian.) 
 
 A-jat Applied to a man expelled from his jat 
 
 or caste, thence called ajat-i. 
 
 Ajal Tire predestined time of death. 
 
 'Aka'id Articles of religion. 
 
 Akas-diya A lamp which the Hindus hang aloft on 
 
 a bamboo in the month Eartik. 
 
 'Akd The marriage knot. 
 
 Akhara A palaestra, or place for wrestling, any 
 
 place of assembly. 
 
 A-khat, or A-kshat Wliole grain — fried — used in religious 
 
 ceremonies. 
 
 'Akidat Faith, belief. 
 
 'Akl Wisdom, sense, opinion. 
 
 Akol A plant the oil of which is used in 
 
 enchantments. 
 
 'Ala Grlory, exaltation. 
 
 Aiaiya (a crow)-balaija 
 
 (a sacrifice) Sacrifice, lighted wisps with which the 
 
 Hindus divert themselves at the season 
 of the dewali. 
 
8 GLOSSARY OP ISDIAK TERMS. 
 
 'Alam The world, universe. 
 
 'All High, eminent, noble; a proper name^ 
 
 especially of Muhammad's son-in-law. 
 
 'Alim Wise, learned. 
 
 'Amal Action, rule, sway. 'Amil. 
 
 'Amala (Pi. of 'Amil) . . . Collectors of revenue. An overseer. 
 
 Amama A turban, a tiara. 
 
 A-mar Immortal. 
 
 'Amari A seat with a canopy, on an elephant 
 
 or camel. 
 
 _ r 
 
 Ambika A name of Bbawani, wife of Sira. 
 
 A-mrit The food of the gods, Ambrosia, Nectar. 
 
 Amurzish Pardon of sins by the Deity. 
 
 Au-ant Boundless. Name of Visliim. A serpent 
 
 that supports the earth. The name is- 
 also given to the cord with fourteen 
 knots which Hindus tie on their arm 
 on the fourteenth day of bhadou, sukl- 
 pachh, which is sacred to Vishiiu, 
 and called anant chandis, or anant 
 cbatrdise. 
 
 A-niti Rudeness, injustice, immorality. 
 
 Aparas Applied to the condition of a Hindn 
 
 after bathing, when he must touch no 
 one before he has prayed and eaten. 
 
 Aradhan Worship, devotion, supplication. 
 
 Archa Worship, adoration. 
 
 Arcliak A worshipper. 
 
 Argil Mode of worship ; an oblation of eight 
 
 ingredients to a god or Brahmau; act 
 of pouring out water in honour of a 
 deity (the sun, moon, &c.) while per- 
 forming worship. 
 
 Argha The boat-shaped vessel, used by Hindns for 
 
 performing libations in their devotions. 
 
 Arjun Name of a celebrated hero, the third son 
 
 of Pandn. 
 
 Arta A ceremony attending marriage. 
 
 When the bridegroom first comes to the 
 house of the bride, he is received by 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. \l 
 
 her relations, who present to him, and 
 
 move circularly round his head, a platter 
 painted and divided into several com- 
 partments ; in the middle of which is a 
 lamp made of flour, filled with ghi, and 
 
 having several wicks lighted. (Hunter). 
 Arti A ceremony, similar to the above, in 
 
 which the platter is moved round the 
 
 head of aii image of a god. 
 isan A small carpet on which Hindus sit at 
 
 prayer. 
 
 Asfalu-s-safllm The lowest hell. 
 
 'Ashara The name of the first ten days of 
 
 Mnharram. 
 Aslitan^ Adoration performed with eight members 
 
 of the body. 
 
 'Askar An army. 
 
 'Askar-i Military, a soldier. 
 
 A-sram A religious class or state of mankind. 
 
 According to the Hindus there are four 
 
 such states, viz: I. Bralimachari, or 
 
 student. IL Grihastha, or householder. 
 
 III. Yaiiaprastlia, or anchorite. IV. 
 
 Bhikshn, or beggar. 
 
 Astnt Praise, an anthem. 
 
 A-sur A. demon hostile to the gods. (The Abo- 
 rigines were so called). 
 
 Atan Incorporeal. Kamdey, the Hindu Cupid. 
 
 Athal Bathing of the bride and bridegroom 
 
 together, the third day after marriage. 
 
 Atit A Hindu pilgrim, or fakir. 
 
 Atka The pot in which food is cooked at the 
 
 door of the temple of Jaganuath for 
 
 the pilgrims. 
 
 Atkiya Keligious devotees. 
 
 Atma The soul, mind, self. 
 
 <Atr Perfume, fragrance, essence (of roses). 
 
 Aubash A mixed crowd of various nations, a 
 
 vulgar mob. 
 Auliya = Saints, the apostles, the holy. 
 
iO GLOSSAUY or INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Ava-fSr Birth, descent, incarnation of the deity. 
 
 (The Hindus reckon the following ten 
 avatars of the god Vishnu; 1. matsya, 
 a fish: 2. kachehapa, a tortoise; 
 3. Yaraha, a hog: 4. nri-singlia, a man- 
 lion: 5. Tainana, a dwarf: 6. parasa- 
 raina : 7. anna : 8. balarama : 9. bnddha : 
 10. kalki.) 
 
 ^Azab Tprment, martyrdom. 
 
 'Azan The summons to prayer (generally pro- 
 claimed from the minarets or towers 
 of a mosque). 
 
 <Aziz Darling, precious. A title of the king 
 
 of Egypt. 
 
 B. 
 
 Badhawa Congratulatory song. Presents to a woman 
 
 on the sixth, or fortieth day after child- 
 birth. 
 
 Bahnian A Brahman. 
 
 Baina Victuals distributed at marriages. 
 
 Bainda A mark placed on the forehead by Hindus 
 
 before their devotions. 
 
 Bairagi An austere recluse. 
 
 Baital A demon ; also a dead body occupied by one. 
 
 Baitarni The Hindu Styx. 
 
 Baithak A seat, or place where people converse. 
 
 Baltu-1-lah (House of God). The temple of Mecca. 
 
 Bajrang-i A kind of tilak or mark made on a 
 
 Hindu's forehead with red lead. 
 
 Bal (power) Balarama . . . Elder brother of Krishna. 
 
 Bala'eu lena To take the misfortunes of another upon 
 
 one's self by drawing the hand over the 
 head of another. 
 
 Bal (a child- Krishna) - 
 
 bhog (enjoy) An offering presented to Krishna in the 
 
 early morning. 
 
 Bal-bakra A goat for sacrifice. One killed in battle 
 
 without doing anything. 
 
 Bali-dan Act of oifering sacrifice to God. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. 1 1 
 
 Bam Interjection addressed to Siva, especially 
 
 by pil2;rinis to tlie temple of Vaidyanath. 
 Ban A forest (the pilgrimage through the 84 
 
 forests of Braja). 
 
 Bana Habit, profession, 
 
 Bana A bridegroom. 
 
 Baiia-prastha A hermit. 
 
 Bang Sound, voice of the mu'azzin calling 
 
 Muhammadans to prayer. 
 
 Bara Alms, charity. 
 
 Baran Tribe, or caste. Brahman, Clihatri, Bais, 
 
 Sudra-among Hindus. 
 Barat (li.) The company and attendants at a marriage 
 
 feast. 
 Barat (a.) The fourteenth day of the month Slia'bau 
 
 devoted to the commemoration of 
 
 ancestors. 
 
 Barat A religious rite or penance. 
 
 Bari The Deity, the Creator. 
 
 Bar! Name of a Hindu caste, who sell torches, 
 
 and leaves used for platters. 
 
 Bardan Answer to prayer to God, or a saint. 
 
 Bargi The Maharattas. 
 
 Bai'na, or Yarua-sankara . Offspring of mixed tribes, or castes. 
 
 Ba's The Resurrection. 
 
 Basak . . The chief of serpents, fabled as supporting 
 
 the universe, and used as a string to 
 
 whirl mount Mandar in churning the 
 
 ocean for the amrit, &c. 
 Basma Beard-dyeing, staining the legs-by women 
 
 so as to give the appearance of wearing 
 
 tight drawers. 
 Bed, or Veda Name of the four Hindu Scriptures: — 
 
 rik, sania, yajush, and atharva. 
 Bera (a raft, or float) . . . The raft floated by Muliammadans in 
 
 honour of Khwaja Khi/r. Besides the 
 
 anniversary bera, the Mnssalraans float 
 
 smaller ones with lamps on Thursdays 
 
 of the month Bhadoii, to pro])itiate the 
 
 saint. 
 
1 2 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Bewan (like bimaii) The automatic car of a Hindu deify 
 
 also a bier. 
 
 Bliagwant God. 
 
 Blia'i-chara Brotherhood. 
 
 Bhajna To worship. 
 
 Bliakt A devotee, a HiudQ actor. 
 
 Bharat India. 
 
 Bliat A warrior, a hero. 
 
 Bliatar A husband. 
 
 Bhatt A learned man. A title of Maharatta 
 
 Brahinans. 
 
 _ _ r 
 
 Bhawani ... A Hindu goddess, wife of Siva. 
 
 Bhitariya Men who preside at a temple - Bhandarly 
 
 a steward : Pnjari, a priest, and 
 raso'iya, a cook — also guests at a 
 wedding-feast who eat in company with 
 the relatives of the bride. 
 
 Blioukas A wizard, who, by his spells brings- 
 
 women and children to the grave. 
 
 Bhur Charity given to poor people. 
 
 Bldh or Vidlii Rule, decree, Brahma, providence. 
 
 BiJia'I A spirit who by alternately whispering 
 
 sad and pleasant things to children in 
 sleep causes them to laugh, or cry. 
 
 'Biinan A celestial throne, or car. 
 
 BTril A sword knot. A custom prevailed of 
 
 throwing a bira of betel, into the midst 
 of an assembly as a challenge to any 
 one to perform a difficult task. Whoever 
 picked it up bound himself to execute 
 the task. 
 
 Bishan, or Vishiiu The deity in the character of Preserver 
 
 or Vitality personified. 
 
 Bismi - 1 - lahi ■ r - rahmani- 
 
 -r-rahim In the name of God the most merciful- 
 
 an Invocation used by Mnbammadaus 
 at the commencement of their books, 
 and generally, at the beginning of all 
 actions and works. 
 
 Braliina God, Spirit, the very soul. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. IS 
 
 Byah (marriage)-ra-chana, 
 
 (to celebrate) To celebrate a marriage. 
 
 Byas or Vyiisa The Muni or saint, the reputed collector 
 
 and arranger of the Vedas, and tlie 
 author of the Mahabharat. 
 
 c. 
 
 €liachar . : A pole round which people play during 
 
 the holl festival. 
 
 Chamba A tribe of beggars who cut or scarify 
 
 their skin. 
 
 €hauwar An instrument made of peacocls's feathers, 
 
 &c., waved over the head of a sovereign, 
 intended originally to keep off flies. 
 
 -Ciiarcba Adoration. Perfuming a person with 
 
 Sandal- wood. 
 
 Charkh A wheel, especially a potter's, or that 
 
 of a water-mill. 
 
 ■Charak— puja (worship) . A ceremony observed principally by the 
 
 lower orders of Hindus in Bengal, on 
 the day when the sun enters' Aries, 
 when, for the expiation of their sins 
 they are suspended, by means of an 
 iron hook passed under the shoulder- 
 blades, and fastened to one end of a 
 lever resting on a high pole. They are 
 then whirled round by a rope joined 
 to the other end of the lever. 
 
 Ohar-yar-T . . A sect of Mussalmaus who venerate equally 
 
 the four successors of Muhammad. 
 
 ■Chaube A Brahman acquainted with the four 
 
 Vedas. Descendants of such Brahmans. 
 
 ■Chhathi A religious ceremony performed on the 
 
 sixth day after childbirth. 
 
 •Chhatr (an umbrella)- 
 
 chhatr-pati or -dhari One entitled to cai'ry an umbrella, i.e a 
 Raja. 
 
 Chhatri The second of the four Hindu castes. 
 
-14 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Cliihal (forty) A custom observed at the funerals of 
 
 Mnssaliuans, of stepping back forty 
 paces from the grave and again advan- 
 cing to it before reading the service. 
 
 Chihra A description — roll. 
 
 Chilla Forty days of fasting observed by some 
 
 religious fraternities in the East. 
 
 Cliiragh-I A present made to the Mnlla for offering^ 
 
 up oblations at the tomb of a saint. 
 
 Chnnanti Encouraging troops to fight. Four officers 
 
 were appointed, for the purpose in 
 Uindn armies. At Benares, on the Hth 
 of Jeth shnkl-paksh Hindus swam across 
 the river, and forming two sides fought 
 with swords, clubs, &c. This was called 
 chnnanti. 
 
 Chnngi A fakir's tax. 
 
 D. 
 
 Uachh (learned) Name of an ancient sage, father-in-law 
 
 of Mahadeva. 
 
 Dachchhiua Eeward to a Brahman for performing^ 
 
 religious ceremonies. Fee. 
 
 Dadu Name of a celebrated fakir. 
 
 Dah Burning. 
 
 Dah karna The ceremony of burning a dead body. 
 
 Daha (from Da,ten) The ten days of the Mnharram, in which 
 
 the tombs of Hasan and Hnsain are 
 carried about and thrown into the river 
 or other water. 
 
 Dahr Atheism. 
 
 Da'i Destiny, the deity. 
 
 Dair ... A temple where idols are worshipped. 
 
 Dak A post for conveyance of letters, a post- 
 office. 
 
 Hakhan South. The southern part of India 
 
 (Deccan). 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 1 5- 
 
 Dakait Generally written in English 'dacoit,' a 
 
 robber, a pirate. 
 Dakaut A caste of Uimdns, descended on the 
 
 father's side from a Brahman and on 
 
 the mother's from a Crwalin, a female 
 
 of the GJwala, or cow-herd, caste. 
 Diiman-i Scrap of the shroud kept by relatives of 
 
 the deceased. 
 
 Dan Charity, alms-giving. 
 
 Dand-wat ^ Hindu salutation, bow, prostration. 
 
 Dant (tooth). Daut nugli 
 
 katna To bite the finger, is a term expressive 
 
 of being surprised. 
 Dantan A tooth-brush made from the branch 
 
 of a tree, and generally used by the 
 
 natives of India. 
 
 Daiiw . A wager, a cast of the dice. 
 
 Daph-ali A kind of fakli', who always plays on 
 
 the daph, a sort of tambourin. 
 
 Dar^ah Place, court, door, mosque, shrine. 
 
 Darl A small carpet, a dialect of the Persian 
 
 language. 
 
 Daru-1-bawar The abode of perdition, i.e. hell. 
 
 Darn-1-karar The mansion of rest, the grave. 
 
 Daru-s-salam The mansion of safety, heaven. 
 
 Darwesh A dervis (Muhammadan fakir), a beggar. 
 
 Das'hara (Tenth) The birth day of Ganga. {Vide. Sacred 
 
 Places of the Hindus). 
 
 Da'wat Pressing people to become Mnssalmans. 
 
 Dehra A temple where idols are worshipped by 
 
 Jains, a Hindu temple. 
 Dev (GfOd) — than (stand- 
 ing up) The day on which Tishuu awakes from 
 
 his sleep of four months. 
 
 Devhra A temple where idols are worshipped. 
 
 Devi A Hindu goddess, a queen. 
 
 Dewa-sthan A place of idols, a temple. 
 
 Dewal A temple where idols are worshipped, a 
 
 temple, a pagoda (often used by the natives 
 
 to designate Christian place of worship.) 
 
16 GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TEEMS, 
 
 Dewall A UiudS festival. 
 
 Dew-stan The habitation of demons. 
 
 Dlianattar (powerful). . . Name of a physician in the court of 
 
 ludra. 
 
 J)hang Breeding, manners, gracefulness. 
 
 Dharl Black lines made on the lips with missl 
 
 (a kind of ink). 
 Dharicha The name given to the second husband 
 
 of a Hindu woman among the lower 
 
 classes. Such marriage is contrary to 
 
 Brahmanical teaching. 
 
 Dharui Justice, religion. 
 
 Dharm or Dharam-sala . . . A place where alms are distributed, a 
 
 resting place for travellers. 
 
 • Dheha A kind of fakir; also a tribe of Jats. 
 
 Dho'a Pruit and flowers presented by inferiors 
 
 on festival days. 
 
 Dhora The tomb carried about in the AIntaarram. 
 
 Dhuni (smoke) A fire lighted by a Hindu fakir, over 
 
 which he sits, imbibing the smoke, by 
 
 way of penance. 
 DhJip A perfume burnt by Hindus at the time 
 
 of worshipping. 
 Dig-gaj Elephant that supports one of the four 
 
 quarters of the earth. Great. 
 Big (side) — sui (a dart, 
 
 pain) An unlucky day for travelling in a par- 
 ticular direction. 
 
 Dikpal Eegion. (Brahina, for upwards; Auanta, 
 
 for downwards ; ludra, for east ; Agni, 
 for south-east ; Yauia, for south ; Nairrita, 
 for south-west; Varuna, for west ; Vayu, 
 for north-west ; Kuvera, for north ; Isaua 
 for north-east.) 
 
 DIa Faith, religion. 
 
 ])in-bandhu Friend of the poor, > 
 
 DIn.dayal Protector of tiie poor, Epithets of 
 
 Dina-natli Master of the poor, ' ^^^ ^^^^'^' 
 
 Bola A wife IVom an inferior family married 
 
 by a person of rank, who gives a pre- 
 
GLOSSAllY OF INDIAN 'ITERMS. 17 
 
 sent to her parents. She ranks below 
 wives of equal family, but above con- 
 cubines. 
 
 Dora ; Domra A low caste of Hindus, also among 
 
 Mnssalmans, professionals, the males of 
 which are musicians, and the females 
 sing and dance in the company ol 
 females only. 
 
 Dozakh Hell. 
 
 Sabe Knowing two beds, or Veda, a title of 
 
 Brahmans. 
 
 Dulha A bride-groom. 
 
 Durga A name of BhawanT. 
 
 pnrana A name of a Hindu book containing an 
 
 account of the goddess. 
 
 Durrani Name of a tribe of Pathans, inhabiting 
 
 the country about Kandahar. They are 
 said to have got this name from wearing 
 pearls (A-dnrr, a pearl) in their ears. 
 They are also called Abdalis. 
 
 Dnrtid Salutation, blessing. 
 
 Dut (An ambassador) .... An angel who passes between God and 
 
 man. 
 
 Dwarabati; Dwarika . . . . A HindA holy place near the month of 
 
 the Gulf of Ctttch {Fide. Hindu Sacred 
 Places). 
 
 Dwarika-nath ; . . Lord of Dwarika, i.e. Krishna, 
 
 Dwija, (twice-born) A Brahman. 
 
 E. 
 
 Eri The heel. 
 
 Eri dekho, . . . : Look at your heel (look at home): a 
 
 phrase used to obviate the effect of the 
 
 evil eye. 
 
 Btwar ■ Sunday. 
 
 Ezid God. 
 
 Ezid-i Divine. 
 
 2 
 
18 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Fabiha Excellent ! bravo ! very well ! 
 
 Faghfnr Tlie emperor of China. 
 
 Fahim Intelligent, wise, knowing. 
 
 Fahish Nefarious. 
 
 Fahisha A harlot, anything abominable. 
 
 Fahm Understanding, intellect. 
 
 Failsnf {<l>iloao(fioi) A philosopher. 
 
 Fajir A sinner. 
 
 Fakhr Glory, nobility, grace. 
 
 Fakih A theologian. 
 
 Fakir A beggar, a darwesh. 
 
 Falak The heavens, fate. 
 
 Falita Torch, a wick composed of paper in- 
 scribed with mystic words, from the smoke- 
 of which demons are supposed to be- 
 expelled from those possessed by them. 
 
 Fana Mortality. 
 
 Farang Europe. 
 
 Farang-i European. 
 
 Farhang Science, a dictionary. 
 
 Farosh (selling) halwa- 
 (sweetmeats) halwa- 
 
 farosh A sweetmeat-seller. 
 
 Fars Persia. 
 
 Fars-I A Persian, the Persian language. 
 
 Fasl Chapter, division, time, season, crop, date- 
 
 Fasli A Hiudn era. 
 
 Fath Yictory, conquest. 
 
 Falwa A judicial decree, judgment, sentence. 
 
 Fauj An army. 
 
 Fauj-dar An officer of the police, a magistrate. 
 
 Faut Death, failure, omission. 
 
 Faut-I Property of those who die intestate — 
 
 escheated to the sovereign. 
 
 Fids Sacrifice, ransom. 
 
 Firoz Victorious, happy. 
 
GLOSSAllY or INDIAN TERMS. 19 
 
 Fitr Breaking a fast. 
 
 Fitrat Wisdom, a trick, nature, creation. 
 
 Fota Tax, revenue. 
 
 G. GH. 
 
 trab , A tree, tbe fruit of which yields a 
 
 glutinous, astringent juice, used for 
 smearing the bottoms of boats, and for 
 soaking nets. 
 
 Gabr A follower of Zoroaster, a fire-worshipper ; 
 
 applied by Musalmans to non-Mu- 
 hammadans. 
 
 Gada A club, a mace. 
 
 -dhar Mace- bearing, a name of Vishnu. 
 
 Gaddi A cushion, pad, anything stuffed. A 
 
 sovereign's throne. 
 
 Gajar Chimes rung at the expiration of a watch 
 
 or pahar of the day or night. 
 
 Gaj-p^ti (from (Jaj, an 
 elephant, and pati, a 
 
 lord, master) The master of an elephant, the title of 
 
 a raja. 
 
 Gall Abuse. In plural (galiyan), indecent 
 
 songs at marriages. 
 
 Gamak Sound of the kettle-drum. 
 
 Gandar A kind of grass of which Ehas Ehas is 
 
 the root. The latter, placed on frames, 
 is used before doors, and constantly 
 wetted to cool the air passing into the 
 rooms, during the hot season. 
 
 Gandhar The name of a Bag or musical mode. 
 
 Gandharb A celestial musician, a demi-god. 
 
 Gandi A circle, particularly that which Eama- 
 
 chandra drew round Sita to protect her 
 from Barana. 
 
 Ganes. Ganesh The name of a Hindu divinity. The 
 
 Janus of the Hindus. The God of 
 wisdom, represented with an elephant's 
 
20 GLOSSAEI OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 head and attended by a rat. He was 
 the Sion of Mahadera and a daughter 
 of the mountain Himalaya. He is in- 
 voked at the commencement of every 
 affair of consequence. 
 
 (xanga The river Ganges, deemed sacred by 
 
 HindSs, and on which they are sworn. 
 
 Oaiiit Arithmetic. 
 
 Ganjha The hemp plant (Cannabis Sativa). The 
 
 fruit when nearly ripe is bruised and 
 smoked as an intoxicant. The leaves 
 when dried and ground, are mixed with 
 water and form an intoxicating drink. 
 The mixture is called bliang and gabzi. 
 
 Oara .^ Mud prepared for making pottery. Name 
 
 of a ragini or musical mode. 
 
 Oardnn A wheel, the firmament, the heavens. 
 
 Garwa A vessel for holding water, a flower- 
 pot carried by- musicians and dancing 
 women at the feast of basant-panehami, 
 as an offering to people of rank, from 
 whom they receive presents in return. 
 
 Gatli— bandhan Binding in a knot. A Hindu marriage 
 
 festival, on which the bride and bride- 
 groom's clothes are fastened togetlier and 
 conveyed in procession to a river or lake. 
 
 Gaura A name of the goddess Parwati. 
 
 Ganri Ibid, the name of a ragini or musical 
 
 mode. 
 
 (raiiriya Inhabitant of Ganr, formerly the capital 
 
 of Bengal ; hence, the followers of 
 Chaitanya of Nadiya are so called. (This 
 philosopher flourished about the year 
 1407 of Salivahaua. — a prince whose 
 era commences 78 years after the birth 
 of Christ; it is called SaliB. — He was 
 by birth a Brahman, and, having become 
 a SannySsi, maintained that the doc- 
 trines of the Vedas had been hitherto 
 misunderstood, and explained tliem in 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 21 
 
 a manner peculiar to himself. His sect 
 is a branch of tlie Yaishitava or wor- 
 shippers of Vishim. His disciples are 
 numerous, over five millions. His fol- 
 lowers believe him to have been an 
 incarnation Of the deity. 
 
 tfayii Name of a city in Bihar, a celebrated 
 
 tirth or place of pilgrimage. 
 
 Gayatri A prayer repeated by Brahmaus with 
 
 the rosary. 
 
 Ghabawat Inadvertency, stupidity. 
 
 (ihabi Negligent, imprudent. 
 
 Ghafr, ghufran Pardon, remission of sins. 
 
 Ctliaib Concealed, invisible, mysterious. 
 
 Gthaib-dan Skilled in discovering mysteries, a prophet, 
 
 a diviner, omnigcipnt., 
 
 Ghair Other, different, foreign. 
 
 Grhair - shar'-I Unlawful. 
 
 Ghalaba Superiority, strength, conquest. 
 
 Cthalat Wrong, erroneous. 
 
 go A false relater. 
 
 -1 A mistake, error. 
 
 -kar Delusive. 
 
 -kar-i Delusion, deception. 
 
 -navis An erroneous writer. 
 
 Grham-aluda Grieved. 
 
 (xhamm Grief, sorrow. 
 
 tfhana Riches, wealth. 
 
 Gjiani K,ich, wealthy. 
 
 (xhanTin An enemy, a robber. 
 
 Gharbi Western. 
 
 Ghari An hour. 
 
 Gharib A foreigner, stranger, poor, humble, 
 
 strange, foreign, wonderful. 
 
 Gharib-mar Oppression of the poor. 
 
 Gharib-nawaz Courteous, hospitable to strangers, kind 
 
 to the poor. 
 
 Gharib-nawaz-I Hospitality. 
 
 Gliarib-parwar Cherisher of the poor. (Often applied 
 
 by inferior persons to their superiors.) 
 
22 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Uharik Immersed, drowned. 
 
 — i-rahihat Overwhelmed with mercy, drowned in 
 
 the grace of God. 
 
 tthazb Violence, injustice, force, oppression, 
 
 plunder. 
 
 Ohassal One whose business it is to wash the 
 
 bodies of the dead. 
 
 tthat A landing place by a river, a bathing 
 
 place. 
 
 (xhatak An ambassador, a mediator; applied, also, 
 
 to one who negotiates a marriage. 
 
 Ghati A mountain pass. (The Ghants, on the 
 
 east and west of the Deccan are so 
 called from their numerous passes). 
 
 Ghazal An ode. 
 
 — khwan A reciter of odes. 
 
 sara-i • . . . Singing of odes. 
 
 Gtaopa , A cloth with a part folded like a sugar 
 
 loaf to cover the head worn over the 
 body in cold or wet weaiher. 
 
 Ghnbar ; . . . Dust, vapour, the smallest Arabic or 
 
 Persian handwriting. 
 
 _Ghnl An imaginary sylvan demon of different 
 
 shapes and colours, supposed to devour 
 men and other animals. 
 
 Ghnl-i-bayaban-i A demon (inhabitant of the woods). 
 
 Girain or Gram A musical scale, an octave. 
 
 Girja {Portuguese Igfreja, 
 
 from Gr. e.xxh/ala) ... A church. 
 
 God Bosom, god lena, to adopt a child. 
 
 Golok Name of the heaven of Vishnu. 
 
 Gopal (from Go, a cow, 
 
 and pal, who protects). A name of Krishna, a cow-herd. 
 
 Gor ^ A tomb, a grave. 
 
 Gotam The name of a mnni, or saint, famous 
 
 in Hiudii mythology. He was the author 
 of tlie Nyiiya, or logic, and his doc- 
 trines corresponded with those of Aris- 
 totle. Gotam and his wife Ahalyu 
 lived in a retired forest, where Indra, 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 23 
 
 happening to pass, was struck with the 
 beauty of the latter; and assuming the 
 appearance of Ootam, deceived and slept 
 with his wife ; which discovering, Grotam 
 cursed them both. He wished that Ahalya 
 might be turned into stone; in which 
 state she remained till Rainacliandra 
 (son of Dasaratha), passing that way 
 with his brother Laclihnian, restored 
 her to her original form, and after she 
 had been purified by Bama, she was 
 again received by her husband. 
 
 •Grranth -^ code, particularly the book of the 
 
 Sikh religion composed by Nanak 
 Shah. 
 
 •tlrish The name of the fourth of the six 
 
 seasons, from 15th of Baisakh to 15th 
 Asharh, summer. 
 
 Oudariya Clothed in patched garments or in rags. 
 
 iGtndarij-a-pir A tree near a town or village on which 
 
 people tie np rags in the manner of 
 votive tablets, which they believe to be 
 efficacious for the accomplishment of 
 their wishes. 
 
 -triidri -A l^il*^ (especially a fakir's). 
 
 (i|jjj.j Name of a raginl, or musical mode. 
 
 4jnlai A farinaceous powder dyed red, which 
 
 the Hindus throw on each other in the 
 holi festival, (q.v.). 
 
 ^jirn Important, respectable, a spiritual guide, 
 
 a teacher, the planet Jupiter, 
 
 ^^tj^a A ball which devotees swallow to make 
 
 themselves invisible, a small book worn 
 as an amulet. 
 
 H H. 
 
 Habs (Betention) Applied to retention of breath practised 
 
 by fakirs, as a religious act. It is 
 
24 GLOSSAUY OF INUIAK TEEMS. 
 
 considered a means of prolonging life- 
 as extending the time in which the- 
 predestined number of inspirations takes- 
 place. 
 
 Habsliani A female Abyssinian. 
 
 Habsh-i Abyssinian, a Kaffir. 
 
 Hadas or hads An accidental cause of impurity, according 
 
 to MusabnSn traditions, whereby it 
 becomes unlawful to commence or finish 
 a prayer without ablution. 
 
 Hadd Punishment agreeable to the laws of 
 
 Muhammad, which fix the exact number 
 of lashes, &c., to be inflicted for certain 
 crimes. 
 
 Hadi Cattle carried to Mecca for sacrifice. 
 
 Hadls A history, a tradition, the traditional 
 
 sayings of Muhammad. 
 
 Hadm Ruin, destruction, a destroyer. 
 
 Hadya The price of a Knr'jln. 
 
 HaflK (a guardian) One who has a good memory, who can. 
 
 recite the whole Kur'an. The poetical; 
 name of the celebrated Persian poet — 
 Muhammad Sharasn-d-dm. 
 
 Haflza A retentive memory. 
 
 Hall An assembly, council, congregation. 
 
 Haft Seven. 
 
 -taasht Abuse, idle talk. 
 
 -hazar-I A command of seven thousand. 
 
 kalani Seven sorts of handwriting in Persian,, 
 
 one who writes those seven hands. 
 
 Haft-kishwar The seven regions, the world. 
 
 Hai'at Astronomy, the aspect of the heavens. 
 
 Haibat Fright, perturbation, awe. 
 
 Haidar A lion, name of 'All, son-in-law of 
 
 Muhammad. 
 
 Haidar-I One of the sect of 'All. 
 
 Half. Iniquity, oppression, a pity. 
 
 Haiiii War, battle, conflict. 
 
 Haikal Any great building, a palace, a temple- 
 
 Hii'il Terrible, horrible. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 25- 
 
 tt'iilaj (In astrology) A mark by which the- 
 
 duration of life is foretold. 
 
 Haiy Alive. 
 
 kaiyuiu Eternal, immortal. 
 
 la-yamSt Eternal. 
 
 Haija The cholera. 
 
 Hajar A stone. 
 
 Hajaru-l-aswad The black stone in the temple of 
 
 Mecca. 
 
 ^^^i Need, want, poverty ; also, hope, wish. 
 
 Hiiji. . . Said of one who has taken part in a 
 
 festival, and, particularly, who has per- 
 formed the pilgrimage to Mecca. 
 
 Hajiyn-l-haraniain A pilgrim to both Mecca and Medina. 
 
 ^''■JJ Act of moving round, or going to a 
 
 place, pilgrimage to Mecca. 
 
 Hajo Satire, a lampoon. 
 
 malih Apparent praise but real satire, irony. 
 
 Hakam An umpire, mediator, arbitrator, also,. 
 
 knowledge, wisdom. 
 
 Hakikat Account, narration, condition, explanation,. 
 
 truth, sincerity. 
 
 Hakim A ruler, governor, master, commander. 
 
 Hakim A sage, philosopher, and, commonly, a 
 
 physician. 
 
 Hakim-i The practice of medicine. 
 
 Hakk Just, right, true, the deity, justice,. 
 
 rectitude. 
 
 Hakk ada karua To render every one his due. 
 
 jaU-o-jalal The deity in all his splendour. 
 
 Hakka Really, truly, by God. 
 
 Hakk-ta"51a God is great, the Almighty. 
 
 Hakkn-l-lah The rights of God, punishment inflicted' 
 
 for religious offences. 
 
 Hala A halo, or circle round the moon. 
 
 Hala-dola Shaking, an earthquake. 
 
 Halak Perdition, ruin, slaughter, death. 
 
 Halakat Death, destruction. 
 
 Halal Legal, right, allowable, a woman laying- 
 aside mourning for the death of her 
 
■2G GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 husband, at the expiration of 100 days 
 
 — during which time she is not allowed 
 
 by law to re-marry. 
 Halal karna To slay according to the foi-ms prescribed 
 
 by the Muhammadan religion. 
 khor A sweeper of the lowest caste (so called 
 
 because everything eatable is lawful 
 
 food to him. 
 
 Halat State, condition, circumstances. 
 
 Hal-dhar A name of Balarama. 
 
 Hallm A kind of food dressed in the Mn- 
 
 harram. 
 
 Halka A ring, circle, a fraternity. 
 
 Hama All, the whole, everything. 
 
 dan Knowing everything, experienced, wise. 
 
 Haina'il A small Kur'an suspended to the neck 
 
 as an amulet. 
 
 Hamd Praise. 
 
 Hame-o Vanity, egotism, arrogance, pride. 
 
 Hamosha Always, ever, continually, perpetually. 
 
 Hamesha-gi Eternity, perpetuity. 
 
 Hamid Praised, laudable, glorious. 
 
 Hamiyat Ardor, zeal, a nice sense of honor. 
 
 Ham-kasam Bound together by oath. 
 
 Haug The understanding, wisdom. 
 
 Haniiman A monkey, the name of the monkey 
 
 who headed Baina's forces against 
 
 Ravana. 
 
 Hara A name of Mahadeva. 
 
 Haram Sacred, forbidden, the temple of Mecca, 
 
 the Seraglio. 
 
 Haram-I A robber, an assassin. 
 
 Har-bab-i Master of knowledge of every kind . 
 
 Har-giz Ever. 
 
 Hari A name of Vishnu. 
 
 bhajan Adoration of Visluiu. 
 
 bhakt A worshipper of Vishnn. 
 
 tliis A servant of Vishnn. 
 
 Harlm The sacred enclosure of the temple of 
 
 Mecca, 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 27 
 
 Harlit The name of an angel, who, together 
 
 with another named mariit, severely 
 censured mankind before the throne of 
 God: they were, therefore, both sent 
 down to earth in human shapes, to judge 
 of the temptations to which man was 
 subject, and these they were unable to 
 withstand; being seduced by the planet 
 Venus in form of a woman. As a 
 punishment, they were suspended by 
 the feet in a well in Babylon, where 
 they are to remain in great torment till 
 the day of Judgment. 
 
 Hasab Pedigree, nobility, sufficiency, religion. 
 
 Hasb-i-hal Agreeably to circumstances. 
 
 Hasbu-1-Unkm Agreeably to orders. 
 
 Hasbu-1-ma'miil Agreeably to customs. 
 
 HaslI A collar of gold, or silver, worn as an 
 
 ornament round the neck. 
 
 Hassas Possessed of the five senses, an animal. 
 
 Hast Being, existence. 
 
 Hast-i Existence, entity, world. 
 
 Hath-lewa A ceremony in marriage among Hindns. 
 
 (The hands of the bride and bridegroom 
 are joined palm to palm, with some 
 flour put between them, and tied with 
 a red thread. 
 
 Handa A litter (used on an elephant or camel, 
 
 in which Arabian ladies travel). Anglice 
 Howdah, "a square enclosure, four feet 
 by four, formed of wood, or cane stretched 
 upon a wooden frame, and provided 
 with a seat slung across for the con- 
 venience of the occupant. This machine 
 is placed on the back of an elephant 
 and strapped round its body by means 
 of broad leathern girths and chains. 
 Seated herein and provided with rifles, 
 ammunition, and a day's provision of 
 biscuits, sandwiches, and a bottle of ale or 
 
28 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEHMS. 
 
 brandy and water, a European can travel 
 in a single day a distance of forty miles, 
 either in search of tigers, or to reach a 
 station to which he may be summoned 
 by business or pleasure " (Stocqneler.) 
 
 Hawari Having a white skin, a friend, companion, 
 
 an apostle, a disciple or apostle (of Jesus- 
 Christ), a friend, associate, companion 
 (of Mnhammad). 
 
 Hawas Desire, lust, ambition, curiosity. 
 
 Hi or Hiya Heart, breast, mind, soul, life. 
 
 Hidayat, Guidance in the way of righteousness 
 
 righteousness. 
 
 Hijrat Separation, flight; particularly the flight 
 
 of Mnhaminad from Mecca to Madina, 
 on the 15th of July A.D. 622, the 
 commencement of the Mubammadan era. 
 
 Hilal The new moon, the first and last two or 
 
 three days of the moon. 
 
 Hind India. 
 
 Hindol Name of a rag, or musical mode, sung 
 
 in the morning of spring. 
 
 Hindu A negro, a black Arabian, Indian, or 
 
 Ethiopian. A Gentoo (" Indian. One of 
 the aborigines of India. At Madras our 
 countrymen use this term to designate 
 the language and people of TeUina^ana,. 
 who occupy the north-eastern portions 
 of the peninsula") (Stocqneler.) 
 
 Hindustan India (particularly applied to the upper 
 
 provinces) from Hindu, Indian, and 
 Stan, place, country. 
 
 Hing-liij A temple of DbtI. 
 
 Hisn-i-hasin An impregnable fortress, the title of a 
 
 book of Musalinau traditions. 
 
 Holl The great Hindfi festival held at the 
 
 approach of the vernal equinox, when 
 great license prevails, and the people 
 sprinkle each other with ^uliil, a red 
 iiowder. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. 29 
 
 Hor A wager, an agreement, a bargain. 
 
 Hosh Understanding, mind, soul. 
 
 Hoshang Name of the second king of Persia, of 
 
 the Peshdadiyan dynasty. 
 
 Ho tab Predestination, destiny. 
 
 Hnbal Name of an idol in the Ka'ba at Mecca 
 
 bel'ore the time of Muhammadanism. 
 
 Huma A name given to (1 ) an eagle, (2) a 
 
 phoenix, (3) a bird of paradise. It is 
 considered of happy omen, and that 
 the head it overshadows will wear 
 a crown. 
 
 Hnn A coin, called also a pagoda made of 
 
 gold with an image on it, principally in 
 former times in use at Madras. The term 
 pagoda appears to have been applied by 
 Europeans, who also, by it, designated 
 Hiadu temples. In reference to the coin, 
 Europeans, of times long since passed 
 away, who had made their fortunes in 
 India were said to have shaken the 
 "Pagoda tree". 
 
 Hnnda bhara Contract for transportation of goods, 
 
 including the payment of duties. 
 
 Hnndari, hnndi A bill of exchange. 
 
 Unnnd The Hindus. 
 
 Hni-muz The isle of Ormuz in the Persian gulf, 
 
 also the name of a king of Persia who 
 reigned A.D. 272. 
 
 Huruk A kind of drum in form like an hour-glass 
 
 (generally played on by bearers). 
 
 Hnshaska The last breathings of the dying. 
 
 I'anat Help, aid, assistance, favour. 
 
 'Ibadat Divine worship, adoration. 
 
 'Ibadat-i A devotee,' a religious person. 
 
 'Ibadat-khana A place of worship. 
 
BO GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 'Ibarat Style (in writing), speech, a word, dialect, 
 
 idiom, a trope or figure, phrase, sig- 
 nification. 
 
 Ibham The thumb, suspicion, ambiguity, adj. 
 
 covered, concealed, unknown. 
 
 IMis The devil (so named because he despaired 
 
 of God's mercy.) 
 
 'Ibrat An example, warning. 
 
 'Id A solemnity, festival, holyday. (Fide, 
 
 bakar-'id), 
 
 — fasah Feast of the Passover. 
 
 — fatir Feast of unleavened bread. 
 
 - — gah A place of worship. 
 
 — ka chand bona To be seen on very rare occasions. 
 
 — khima Feast of tabernacles. 
 
 'Idi A customary present on the day of 'Id, 
 
 or on some holyday. 
 
 'Idn-l-fltr The festival held on breaking the Mussal- 
 
 man lent. 
 
 Ifrlt Anything frightful or horrible, a giant, 
 
 demon, spectre. 
 
 Iftar Breaking a fast — especially in the even- 
 ing, when Mussalmans eat after fasting 
 all day during the month of Bamazan. 
 
 Ilikak Act of proving the trutli of a doctrine, 
 
 restoring to rights, administration of 
 justice. 
 
 Ihram Interdicting, applied to the resolution 
 
 formed by pilgrims at a certain distance 
 from Mecca to abstain from all worldly 
 enjoyments. 
 
 Ihsan Beneficence, benevolence, benevolent 
 
 actions, favour, courtesy, kindness. 
 
 karua To oblige. 
 
 mand Obliged, grateful. 
 
 Ihtirani Act of honouring, paying respect, vener- 
 ation, reverence, attention. 
 
 Ihtiraz Abstinence, abstaining from improper 
 
 passions of any kind, forbearance. 
 
 Ijab Rendering neceesary. (In logic) Affirraa- 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 31 
 
 tion. (In Muhammadan law). The first 
 proposal made by one of the parties in. 
 negociating or concluding a bargain. 
 
 Ijabat Answering (of prayer or of a petition),. 
 
 consent, approbation, compliance. 
 
 IJSd Invention. 
 
 karna To invent. 
 
 Ijara Hire, rent, a farm. 
 
 Ijara-dar A farmer of land or of revenue, th& 
 
 holder of a monopoly. 
 
 Ijazat Permission, leave, dispensation, sanction,. 
 
 commands, orders. 
 
 khwah Asking permission. 
 
 Ijtihad Exertion, effort. 
 
 Ijtlma' Act of assembling or gathering together,. 
 
 agreeing together in opinion, conjunctiorL 
 in astronomy. 
 
 Ikhbar Act of giving intelligence or information. 
 
 Ikhtif a Act of hiding, concealing. 
 
 Ikhtilaf Uiiference of opinion, discord, disagree- 
 ment ; misunderstanding between friends.. 
 
 Ikhtilal Interruption, disturbance, obstacle. 
 
 Ikhtira' Invention, inventing, fancying. 
 
 Ikhtisar Abridgment, curtailing. 
 
 Ikhtiyar Choice, wiU, opinion, election, authority,. 
 
 power. 
 
 — karna. To approve of, to adopt, to choose. 
 
 — men bona To be in the power of, or dependent on> 
 
 Ilah God. 
 
 Ilahi Divine, interj. God ! 
 
 'Daj A remedy, medicine, cure. 
 
 'Ilal (plnr of 'illat) Infirmities, pretences. 
 
 Ilka Inspiration. 
 
 'niat. Pretence, cause. 
 
 i-f a'ill Efiicieiit cause (as the maker, if the work 
 
 of man). 
 
 i-gha'i Final cause, or purpose for which it 
 
 was made. 
 
 i-maddi Material cause, or the matter of which 
 
 the thins; is made. 
 
■32 GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 -^^1- -i-slirl Formal cause, i.e. that form in which 
 
 its essence consists. 
 
 'Ilm Science, knowledge. 
 
 i-'arnz Poetry, versification. 
 
 i-asma The knowledge of the names, i.e. of the 
 
 attributes of God. 
 i-ghaib The knowledge of what is occult or 
 
 absent, or what has not yet existed. 
 
 -i-haiyat Astronomy. 
 
 i-hikmat Philosophy, physics. 
 
 -i-hlsab Arithmetic. 
 
 -i-ilah-I Theology. 
 
 i-kalam The explanatory science, i.e. rhetoric, 
 
 oratory, eloquence. 
 
 -i-ladnn Inspired knowledge. 
 
 i-iflaraya The study of perspective. 
 
 i-mnsiki Music. 
 
 'Ilm-1-riyaji The mathematical sciences. 
 
 -i-sihr Magic. 
 
 - — -i-tasauwuf The mystic, or contemplative science. 
 
 -'nmii-l-yakm Certain knowledge, demonstration. 
 
 'Imad A lofty pillar, confidence, reliance, trust, 
 
 support. 
 Imam A leader in religious affairs, &c., a priest ; 
 
 also, a large bead in a rosary, which 
 
 remains fixed in the hand while the 
 
 others are turned over and counted. 
 
 (called by the Uindns, SHniern). 
 Imamiya Name of a Muhammadan sect, who make 
 
 AIT the rightful imam immediately after 
 
 Mnhauunad. 
 ^Imarat Government, lordship, office or dignity 
 
 of anilr, a public edifice, a fortification. 
 
 Imkan Possibility, contingent existence. 
 
 Imla Pilling up, completing, ^orthography. 
 
 Inabat Conversion to God, repentance. 
 
 In'ain A present, a gift. 
 
 In'iim-i-ikram An honorable gift. 
 
 'Inayat Favour, gift, present. 
 
 Indarii A large well of masonry. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. 33 
 
 ludiraj Extinction of a family. 
 
 Indifa* Eepelling, prohibiting. 
 
 Indimal Kecovery, getting well of a wound. 
 
 Indra The regent of the visible heavens and 
 
 of the inferior divinities. 
 badhu 1 
 
 ^ ,_- The wife of Indra. 
 
 Indraiu 
 
 Indra-prastha A name of Dehli. 
 
 Indra-purl The city of Indra. 
 
 Indri An organ of sense, the senses (external 
 
 and internal). 
 
 lus Men, mankind. 
 
 Insan Man a human being. 
 
 Irada. Iradat ......'..... Desire, inclination, design, intention, 
 
 plan. 
 
 'Irak A territory divided into two portions. 
 
 i-^ajam Babylonia or Chaldea and Media. 
 
 i-'arab Babylonia or Chaldea. 
 
 'Irakan The two cities of Basra and Kufa. 
 
 Iran Persia. 
 
 Iran-i Persian. 
 
 Irs Inheritance. 
 
 ^Isa Jesus. 
 
 <Isa-I Christian. 
 
 'Isawi Belonging to Jesus, of Jesus, Christian. 
 
 ^Isha The first watch of the night, the prayers 
 
 said when going to rest. 
 Isht A god, beloved person, anything wished 
 
 for. 
 Islam At peace, orthodoxy, the Muhammadan 
 
 religion, Islamism. 
 
 Islami A believer, a Mnhaniniadan. 
 
 Isma'I'l Ishmael, son of Abraham. 
 
 Ispand A seed burnt at marriages and after the 
 
 birth of a child to drive away evil 
 
 spirits ; also, when a child goes out or 
 
 comes home. 
 Israfll The name of an angel who, it is said, 
 
 will sound the last trumpet at the 
 
 resurrection. A seraph. 
 
 3 
 
34 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Istambol Constantinople. (It k so called by the 
 
 Turks. The Persians name it Kustnn- 
 tnniya. It is thus called in the Bagh 
 Bahar.) 
 
 Istibdad Absolute dominion, despotism, insisting 
 
 upon a thing's being done. 
 
 Istibra Cleansing, washing one's hands of a 
 
 business or desiring to be freed from 
 it, the waiting of a woman (for three 
 months, according to the Muhammadan 
 law) after being divorced from her 
 husband, to ascertain whether she is 
 pregnant or not, before she can contract 
 another marriage.' 
 
 Istifta Consulting a lawyer or learned man. 
 
 Istihbab Contracting friendship, a work or 
 
 supererogation. 
 
 Istihzar Calling, citing, summoning to appear. 
 
 Istikamat Standing erect. Eectitude, integrity. 
 
 Istikbal The ceremony of meeting and receiving 
 
 a visitor, futurity. 
 
 Istikbar Pride, presumption. 
 
 Istiklal Absolute power, intrepidity, perseverance. 
 
 Istikma Bringing to perfection. 
 
 Istikra Reasoning from induction. 
 
 Istimta' Enjoying, the celebrating the solemnities 
 
 •of the festival of Mecca. 
 
 Istinas Familiarity, intimacy, sympathy. 
 
 Istlhas History. (This refers to heroic history, 
 
 fables and traditions, as the Hindus 
 were not historians in the proper sense 
 of the term. From the time of the 
 Mussalman conquest the historians of 
 India are the Mussalmans. 
 
 Ittifak Agreement, equality, concord, friendship, 
 
 chance, fortune, accident, success. 
 
 Ittif akan Accidentally, by chance. 
 
 Ittif ak-i-liasana Unexpected good fortune, agreeable ac- 
 cidents. 
 
 Ittifak bona To happen, to be agreed. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 35 
 
 Ittifak karua To accord, to happen. 
 
 Ittihad Union, concord, friendship. 
 
 Ittika Abstaining from evil, piety. 
 
 I'tikaf Curbing the desires ; continuing at 
 
 worship in a Mosque, especially at 
 
 Mecca. 
 
 'lyadat Visiting the sick. 
 
 Izafat Addition, adjunct, reference ; construction 
 
 of one noun with another. 
 
 Iz"an Obedience, submission, confidence, belief. 
 
 Izhar Manifestation, revelation. 
 
 Izn Pei-mission, dismission. 
 
 Izra'a The angel of death. 
 
 Iztirab Agitation, trouble, chagrin. 
 
 Ijtlrar Violence, constraint. 
 
 'Izz Glory, dignity, grandeur, excellence, 
 
 power. 
 'Izzat Ibid, glory. 
 
 Jabadda Rigid, stiff, awkward. 
 
 Jabaddiya Ill-shaped. 
 
 Jabal A hill, a mountain. 
 
 Jabalknm An amethyst. 
 
 Jabbar Omnipotent, mighty, a conqueror, a tall 
 
 palm tree, a revenger, Orion. 
 
 Jabha The forehead. 
 
 -sa Eubbing one's forehead on the ground, 
 
 beseeching, begging earnestly. 
 sa-i The act of rubbing the forehead on the 
 
 ground, beseeching earnestly. 
 Jabr Oppression, violence, strength, force, 
 
 power. 
 
 98 By violence, violently. 
 
 i-nnksan Making good a deficiency in exchange 
 
 of goods. 
 
36 GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Jabra'n, The archangel Gabriel. 
 
 Jiicliak A beggar, one who goes about singing 
 
 for charity. 
 
 Jachna To want, implore, beg. 
 
 Jada Pathway, road, the right road, manner, 
 
 practice. 
 Ja-dad A place, station, service,^ employment, 
 
 consignment. 
 
 JadaT One of the lineage of Kjrislma. 
 
 Jadd A grandfather, (plur. ajdad, ancestors), 
 
 dignity, glory (of God), happiness, 
 
 prosperity. 
 
 Jadd-i Ancestral, belonging to ancestors. 
 
 JadI A he-goat, a kid, the sign Capricorn, 
 
 the diminutive of Jadi, pronounced 
 
 Jndai is the name of the polar star. 
 
 Jadn An ancestor of Krishna. 
 
 Jadn-bansi One of the family of Jadn. 
 
 Jadn-nath An epithet of Krishna. 
 
 Jadu Sorcery, juggling. 
 
 Jadwal Horizontal, or marginal ruling in a 
 
 book, a tabular form, an astronomical 
 
 table. 
 Ja'edad An assignment of land for the mainte- 
 nance of any establishment. 
 
 Jag A religious sacrifice, vigils. 
 
 Jaga The name of a caste of Hindus. 
 
 Jagadamba (Hother of 
 
 the -world) Epithet of the wife of Mahadeva. 
 
 Jagaran Vigil (in a religious ceremony), vespers. 
 
 Jaggesar A name of Vishnu and of Siva. 
 
 Jbgopabit The ceremony of putting on the Brah- 
 
 manieal thread. 
 Jahez A bride's portion, whatever a wife carries 
 
 with her to her husband's house. 
 Jai Triumph, promotion, preferment, victory, 
 
 brapo! huzza! all hail! 
 
 Jai-jai-lcar Eejoicings, triumph, exultation. 
 
 Jai-iniil Garland of victory. 
 
 Jait Name of a musical mode. 
 
GLOSSAEY OF IKDIAN TEEMS. 37 
 
 Jajak (li.) A player on cymbals or on the tabour. 
 
 J^'ak (s.) ■ A Brahman who presides at the perfor- 
 mance of a religious ceremony, an 
 officiating priest. 
 
 Jajam -A cloth thrown over the carpet to sit on. 
 
 Jajat The series of binary combinations of 
 
 letters, beginning with J (jim). 
 
 Jajnian , . . . . The hereditary barber of a village to whom 
 
 fees must be paid whether employed 
 or not. 
 
 Jak An animal supposed to guard buried 
 
 treasures. 
 
 Jakh A demi-god, or fairy — an attendant on 
 
 Envera, the Indian Plutus. 
 
 Jakhani A female jakli or fairy. 
 
 Jalal Dignity, state, majesty, grandeiir, splendor, 
 
 power. 
 
 Jalal-I Divine. 
 
 Jalaliya A worshipper of the more terrible attri- 
 butes of the deity. 
 
 Jal-sa'I (Sleeping on the water). Applied to 
 
 Vishnu, the only being who survived 
 the destruction of the universe-remaining 
 afloat on a leaf of the bar or Flcus 
 Indica, or on the great snake, auanta. 
 
 Jal-tarang Musical glasses, playing on gloss or china 
 
 bowls by rubbing the edges, a brass 
 vessel in which water is put and the 
 edges are beaten with two sticks. 
 
 Jam, or Jamshid Name of an ancient King of Persia. 
 
 Jam The Hindu Pluto, death, and judge of 
 
 departed souls. 
 
 Jam' A congregation, conjunction, collection, 
 
 accumulation, assembly, amount, sum 
 total, whole, plural number. 
 
 -bandi Accounts, settlements of revenue. 
 
 dar A native officer. 
 
 -dar-i ,/ // , the business of. 
 
 o-kharch Account of receipt and disbursement, 
 
 account current. 
 
38 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEBMS. 
 
 Jam (A goblet: amirror) 
 
 Jam-Jiimshid The mirror of Jamshid in which he saw 
 
 whatever he wished. 
 
 Jamani A Mahammadan. 
 
 Jambndip One of the seven parts of the world 
 
 (India.) 
 
 Jain-diya A candle or illumination, sacred to Jam, 
 
 lighted on the 13th of Kartik, EJrishn 
 paksh, i.e., three days before the 
 dewali. 
 
 Jan Cp.) Life, soul, spirit, mind, self, a sweetheart, 
 
 dear beloved. 
 
 — -a-afarln Animator, creator of life (an epithet of 
 
 God.) 
 
 bakhsh Animating, bestowing life, forgiver of a 
 
 capital crime. 
 
 bar hakk taslim karna To expire, to give up the ghost. 
 
 bar bona To survive. 
 
 -ba-lab At the point of expiring. 
 
 flshaii Eeady to sacrifice one's life for another. 
 
 flsban-i Very hard labour, devotion, extreme 
 
 diligence. 
 
 -kah Heart breaking, life reducing. 
 
 kandan Gasping in the agonies ot death. 
 
 sitan Life destroying (as poison or a snake, &e. 
 
 Jan fh.) An astrologer. 
 
 Janab Majesty, highness, excellency. (A term 
 
 frequently applied to persons, not entitled 
 to the appellation, out of courtesy. The 
 fact that certain individuals, talukdars, 
 or holders of land under the Government, 
 were so addressed in the Nawabi times, 
 from the exaggerated style common to 
 the East, by no means implies that the 
 persons so adressed were entitled from 
 their rank to the appellations.) 
 
 -l-'ali Your (or his) Majesty or Excellency. 
 
 Janam Birth, life. 
 
 blmm Birfhplace 
 
 din Birthdav. 
 
GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 39 
 
 Janam-jala Burned or spoiled from its birth, origi^ 
 
 nally bad. 
 
 maran Eternal death. 
 
 Jane'ii The brahraanical thread. 
 
 Jangam A kind of fakir who has matted hair 
 
 and rings a bell. 
 
 Janinashtami The eighth of Bhadra-Krishna-paksh, the 
 
 birthday of Krishna. 
 
 Janmejai The son and successor of Kaja Parikshit. 
 
 Jann A demon. 
 
 Janub The south. 
 
 Janun Madness, a demoniac. 
 
 Janwasa The place at the bride's house where the 
 
 bride-groom and his train are received. 
 
 Jarga Surrounding of game by bodies of men. 
 
 Jashn A royal festival. 
 
 Jat Caste, sect, tribe, class, race. 
 
 — -pant A pedigree. 
 
 Jat The name of a tribe among Bajputs. 
 
 Jath The axis of an oil or sugar-mill which 
 
 presses the grain or the canes, a post 
 placed by Hindus in the centre of a 
 tank to mark its being dedicated to the 
 deity. 
 
 Jatra A moment (generally implying a fortunate 
 
 moment), pilgrimage, departure, march, 
 journey, procession, a festival. 
 
 Jatrl .- A pilgrim. 
 
 Jauhar or jnhar Applied to the custom of Hindus killing 
 
 their wives and children, and then 
 committing suicide to prevent capture 
 by the enemy. (Literally, a gem, Jewel, 
 in a secondary sense, virtue, merit.) 
 
 Jautnk Dower, a nuptial present. 
 
 Jawab (answer)-naina. ... A writing fixed to the vrinding sheet, 
 
 on the breast of the deceased for the 
 perusal of Munkir and Ifakir, in case 
 the poor soul should be too flurried to 
 answer their questions. 
 Jawana-marg . . „ Deatli in the bloom of youth. 
 
40 GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Jazam A cloth over a carpet to sit on. 
 
 Jeb A pocket. 
 
 — ^-katrii A pickpocket. 
 
 Jehar The name of an ornament, bracelets. 
 
 jehar A pile of pots filled with water and placed 
 
 one over the other in order to be carried 
 on the head. A ceremony preparatory to 
 marriage, in which pots filled with water 
 are piled over one another, the whole is 
 crowned with a bowl of sliarbat, and 
 the friends watch by it during the- 
 night. 
 
 Jel A string or line of captives chained 
 
 together, a string of buckets passed 
 over the Persian wheel. 
 
 Jhabba A tassel. 
 
 Jhak Passion, emotion. 
 
 Jhakkar A storm, tempest. 
 
 Jhakmarna To act fruitlessly or absurdly. 
 
 Jhalak .-, Brightness, glitter, reflection of light. 
 
 Jhalna To fan, to move to and fro (as a fan). 
 
 Jlian The sound of platters or of any vessels 
 
 of metal striking against one another,, 
 the clash of arms in battle. 
 
 Jhanda A banner, flag, ensign, streamer. 
 
 Jhari Continuedrain,showers,storm,wetweather. 
 
 Jha A lake. 
 
 Jhula A swing, the rope on which people swing_ 
 
 Jhun A slight resemblance. 
 
 .Thnt False, a lie. 
 
 Jhuta Liar, false. 
 
 .Ihiitha (Among Hindus) that which has touched 
 
 food and is thereby defiled. 
 
 Ji (a.) Life, soul, spirit (much used prefixed to 
 
 verbs, as jl-lena, to kill, ji-nikalna, to 
 die, &c., &c.) 
 Ji (li-J Yes, sir, master, madam. Affixed to sur- 
 names it is equivalent to the English Mr., 
 biit, the Arabic appellation, sahib, is 
 added. 
 
GLOSSAHY OF INDIAN TEBMS. H 
 
 Jlbh The tongue. 
 
 diibke bat kahua To speak with reserve. 
 
 Jibh-i An instrument for cleaning tbe tongue, a bit.. 
 
 Jifa Carcase, corpse. 
 
 Jigar The liver, heart, mind, courage, (used in 
 
 composition as, be-jigar, without courage,. 
 
 a coward ; jigar-afgar, heartbroken ;. 
 jigar-sokhta, heart-inflamed, in love, &c. 
 
 Jigijigl karna To fawn. 
 
 Jila Splendour, lustre. 
 
 Jil The note or tone in singing or music, 
 
 opposite to the bass, the treble. 
 Jilwa The meeting of the bride and bridegroom 
 
 (in presence of the relations). 
 Jimar Capital (as a crime), mortifying one's 
 
 desires. 
 Jin A deified saint of the heretical sects of 
 
 Jin and Bnddh. 
 
 Jina To live, living. 
 
 Jinnat Genii. 
 
 Jira , Cumin-seed. 
 
 Jit Winning, victory. 
 
 Jitiya A Hlndii fast, during which women wh» 
 
 have lost children, in order to preserve 
 
 the remainder sacrifice to, and worship 
 
 Devi, 
 Jiw or ji'n Life, soul, animated being, animal, a 
 
 lover. Used as an interjection ; Bravo ! 
 
 Jlwat Living, victorious. 
 
 Jog Penance, devotion, intense meditation. 
 
 Jog-i A Hindu fakir. A caste of HindHs who 
 
 are commonly weavers. (The people of 
 
 this caste do not burn, but bury their 
 
 dead; and the women are sometimes 
 
 buried alive with their husbands corpse). 
 Jotik. (Astrology) Jotiki. An Astrologer. 
 Ju'ii (dice, gambling)- 
 
 Jfi'e-khana A gaming-house. 
 
 Judliishtar An ancient Sovereign of India, so 
 
 Eaja Panda 
 
42 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Jug One of the four j;reat Hindu periods. 
 
 Juhar Hindu salutation, obeisance. 
 
 Juti (a shoe). JSti-kar-I. A shoe-beating. 
 
 K. K. Kh. 
 
 • ^— .— ^ 
 
 Ka'b A cube. 
 
 Sa'ba, Ka'bat A square building, the temple of Mecca. 
 
 Kab A large dish for serving rice. 
 
 Kaba. . . . ■. A quilted garment, a jacket. 
 
 Eabala A deed, written agreement, bill of sale. 
 
 Kaba'il Pamily, tribes. 
 
 EabUa A midwife. 
 
 Sabin A marriage portion. 
 
 Kabir Great, illustrious. 
 
 Kabir Name of a fakir, who had several followers, 
 
 called Kabir-panthl. 
 
 Eabis An earth for glazing. 
 
 Kabit A sort of verse used by the Hindus, poetry. 
 
 Kabiz Seizing. 
 
 u-l-arwah The angel of death. 
 
 Kabr A grave, a tomb. 
 
 Kabr-istan A burying ground. 
 
 Kabr-Kan '. A grave-digger. 
 
 Kabul Consent. 
 
 Kabuliyat A written agreement, acceptance, consent. 
 
 Kabz A receipt, tax, tribute. 
 
 Sachahrl A hall of justice, townhouse, court. 
 
 Kachaurl A dish made of wheaten bread and pulse. 
 
 Kacbera The name of a tribe. 
 
 Kachli H. (from S.) dhoti, P. langothi, a cloth 
 
 round the waist, passing between the 
 legs and fastened behind, worn by all 
 Indians, even by those who have adopted 
 European costume. 
 
 Kaclihi A gardener. 
 
 Kachhwahii A tribe of Rajputs, claiming descent 
 
 from Kus, the son of Rauiachaudr. The 
 llajas of Jaiuagar are of this family. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. 43 
 
 K^ScliI A kind of milk soup. 
 
 Kachpach Crowd, close together. 
 
 ' Kaclipach-iya The pleiades. 
 
 Kada A place, house, (Mai-Kada,. a house for 
 
 the sale of wine, &c. — a tavern.) 
 
 Kadewar A gardener. 
 
 Kadir Potent, skilful. 
 
 (Al-)kadir The Almighty. 
 
 Kad— Khuda The father of a family. 
 
 Kadn — Eash A kind of instrument for cutting and 
 
 cleaning pumpkins (Kadn). 
 
 ¥*f = To revolve. As a noun, a fabulous moun- 
 tain supposed to surround the world. 
 It rests on the stone Sakhrat, an entire 
 emerald, which covers the azure colour of 
 the sky. Also applied to Mount Caucasus. 
 
 Kafan A shroud (coffin) 
 
 Kafara Penitence, expiation for sin. 
 
 Kafcha A spoon, the hood of a snake. 
 
 Kafn Security, surety, bail. 
 
 Kaflla A body of travellers, a caravan. 
 
 Kaflr Infidel, impious, also as a noun, a mistress. 
 
 Kaflya Ehyme, cadence, metre, the last letter in 
 
 a verse, to which all the other distichs 
 rhyme. 
 
 Eafni A dress worn by fakirs. 
 
 Kafsh A shoe, a high-heeled slipper tipped 
 
 with iron. 
 
 Kafsh-doz A shoemaker. 
 
 Kaftan A robe of honour. 
 
 Kaf nr Camphor. 
 
 Kagrhaz Paper. 
 
 ^-i A paper manufacturer, a paper case, 
 
 a stationer, a writer. Delicate, soft, thin. 
 
 -in A kind of lime, made of paper. 
 
 ke ghore Active correspondence. 
 
 danrana. . . To keep up brisk correspondence. 
 
 likhwa lena .... To take a bond. 
 
 milaua To examine or cheek accounts. 
 
 pakka Stamped paper, thick stiff paper. 
 
4-4 GLOSSARY or liS'DIAN TERMS. 
 
 Kaghaz patr A written document, a deed. 
 
 sa Thin as paper. 
 
 siyah karua To scribble. 
 
 Kahani A tale, story, fable. 
 
 Kahar A palanquin-bearer. 
 
 Kahawat A proverb, adage. 
 
 Kahin A soothsayer, magician, priest. 
 
 Kahira Victorious, henee Cairo, the city of 
 
 victory. 
 
 Kahua-wat A proverb, style. 
 
 Kahwa Coffee. 
 
 dan Coffee-pot. 
 
 Kald A fetter, imprisonment. 
 
 Ka'id A leader, a general, the star in the tail 
 
 of the lesser bear. 
 Ka"ida Basis, rule, custom, institution, manners,. 
 
 the rules of grammar. 
 Kailas A mountain in Hindu mythology, fabled 
 
 to be the residence of Kuvera, and 
 
 favourite haunt of Siva. 
 
 Kaiiiila A siesla. 
 
 Ka'inat The universe, creatures. 
 
 Kainchi Scissors, an oblique, or St. Andrew's cross. 
 
 Kaiwan The planet Saturn. 
 
 Kajal Lampblack used to paint the eyelids. 
 
 Kajawa A camel's saddle. 
 
 Kajlanti Iron snuffers used for the reception of 
 
 lampblack. 
 
 Kajra Lampblack for staining the eye-lids. 
 
 Kaka C-, Paternal uncle. 
 
 Kakahra The alphabet. 
 
 Kakh An upper storey, a tower, a palace. 
 
 Kakna-i A ring worn on the wrist, bracelet. 
 
 Kal To-morrow, yesterday, the name of the 
 
 fourth period of the Hindus (Kali-jug.y 
 Kal-kii admi An automaton, a puppet (met) a very 
 
 weak person. 
 
 ghora A well-trained horse. 
 
 makal Uneasiness, trouble, a trap, a machine, 
 
 a lock. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 45 
 
 Kiila A minute, the sixtieth part of a degree. 
 
 Kalam A word, speech, discourse. 
 
 Kalaiii A reed (Gr. Kalajxo;), a pen. 
 
 Ealain-band-i Signature, signing an agreement. 
 
 Ealaudar A kind of monk, who deserts the world, 
 
 wife, friends, &c , and travels about 
 with shaven head and beard, the fly of 
 a tent. 
 
 Kalandar-i A kind of tent (having a fly to it.) 
 
 Kalas A dome, spire. 
 
 Ealannji The name of a medicinal seed. 
 
 Kalawa A skein or ball of thread. The band 
 
 round the elephant's neck in which the 
 driver fixes his feet. 
 
 Kaleja The liver, courage. 
 
 Kalghi Aigrette, plume. 
 
 Kali-jng Name of one of the Hindu periods — the 
 
 fourth or present period, supposed by 
 Mr. Bailly to have commenced 3102 
 years before Christ. 
 
 Kalisa (fr. G. ixxltjala). . . A Christian church. 
 
 Kalki The tOth Hindu incarnation (to come) 
 
 in form of a Braliman to be born in 
 the town of Sambal, in the family of 
 Vishim Sarma, He will ride on a horse 
 & put to death all the wicked. 
 
 Kalma or Eallina A word, speech, the Mnhaminadan con- 
 fession of faith. 
 
 Kalpa A Shastra or sacred work, a sacred precept, 
 
 a day and night of Brahma, a period 
 of 432,000,000 years of mortals, measur- 
 ing the duration of the world, and as 
 many the interval of its annihilation, 
 a destruction of the world. 
 
 Kalyan Welfare, happiness, name of a Kag sung 
 
 at night. 
 
 Kam Desire, wish, intention, the god of love, 
 
 cupid, business, act, action, affair, use 
 occupation, employment, packet, mail, 
 post-bag. 
 
46 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Kam Deficient, less, little, seldom. (Placed 
 
 before words as a privative prefix), as 
 Eam-asbab-I, deficiency in goods, poverty, 
 Eam-bakht, unfortunate, Kam-zor, weak, 
 powerless, &c. 
 
 Kaman A bow. 
 
 Kaniand A scaling ladder made of cord — used by 
 
 thieves. 
 
 Kamandal Waterpot used by ascetics and religious 
 
 students. 
 
 Kaiuar The loins, the waist, a girdle, belt, 
 
 zone. 
 
 Kamarthi A person who carries Ganges water for 
 
 the use of such as are not able to go 
 to the sacred river. 
 
 Kamasnt A servant, workman. 
 
 Kamis A shirt. (Hence, Tr. Chemise, It. Camicia, 
 
 Hind, and Beng. Kamij.) 
 
 Kam-khwab Silk worked with gold and silver flowers. 
 
 Kamnd A drug used in dyeing, (Rottlera tinc- 
 
 toria), said to be a purgative and 
 aphrodisiac. 
 
 Eamns The ocean. Name of an Arabic le.\.icon. 
 
 Kanagat A Sraddha, or religious ceremony per- 
 formed daily by Hindiis during the dark 
 half of the month Asin, (the sixth Hindii 
 month when the moon is fuU, near the 
 head of Aries — September) in honour 
 of deceased ancestors or pitris. 
 
 Eanaha An officer appointed by Government to 
 
 value crops. 
 
 Kanaha'i Valuation of crops of grain. A name 
 
 of Krishiia. 
 
 Kanaiya The ceremony of boring the ears. 
 
 Kanchan A caste selling strings, who catch and 
 
 eat snakes. 
 
 Kandala A precipice, cave, name of a place on 
 
 the ghats, between Bombay and Poona, 
 where are the remains of a Buddhist 
 temple. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEIIMS. 47 
 
 Kiindi A sentence of the Vedas, . 
 
 Kandnri A linen (or leather) table-cloth, a feast 
 
 held in honour of Fatima, thephrophet's 
 
 daughter. No male is permitted to see 
 
 the preparation of the food, which must 
 
 only be eaten by virtuous women. 
 Kangaa. An ornament worn on the wrist by 
 
 Hiudfi women. 
 Kangnra A pinnacle, turret, plumes upon helmets, 
 
 ornaments on crowns. 
 Kanli : One of the names of Erishua, applied 
 
 to a husband. 
 
 Kanhaiya A name of Krishiia. 
 
 Eanira A caste generally arrow-makers. 
 
 Kanist A Christian church, Jewish Synagogue, 
 
 a temple of idolaters. 
 
 Kanit Obedient to God. 
 
 Eaniz A female servant. 
 
 Kanjar A caste, selling strings, who catch and 
 
 eat snakes. 
 Eaukalin (From Eankal, a skeleton), a witch, 
 
 sorceress. 
 
 Eankau A bracelet. 
 
 Eant Husband. 
 
 Eantha A band round the neck of jogis to carry 
 
 things on. 
 Eanth-a A rosary of beads, made of gold, or 
 
 silver, or the earth of Earbala. 
 
 Eantiya A fishinn;-hook. 
 
 Ear Business, profession, action, labour, &c , 
 
 much used in composition, as Ear-bar-i, 
 
 a treader, Ear khana, a work-shop, &c. 
 Eara A rina; worn on the wrists, a bracelet, 
 
 also ; as adj .- arch, sly, cruel. 
 Earahi A flat vessel (earthen- ware, iron, or brass) 
 
 for cooking. 
 Earaka The crash made by breaking anything, 
 
 a rigid fast. 
 
 Earam-bhog Hindu worship, devotion. 
 
 Earamblk An alembic, a still. 
 
48 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 
 
 Karainchari An iaf'erior officer to collect the revenue 
 
 from a certain division of a village, the 
 
 village accountant. 
 Karbala Name of the place in Irak, where Hnsain, 
 
 son of 'All, was buried. 
 Karbi The stalk of jo'ar or bajra (Holcus 
 
 sorgum and spicatus). 
 
 Karclilii A spoon. 
 
 Karda Exchange, something to make up a 
 
 difference in price. 
 Karez A channel for irrigation, a subterranean 
 
 canal. 
 
 Kargali A wearer's shop. 
 
 Karhi Pulse, dressed with sour milk. 
 
 Karhu'a Loan, debt, premium. 
 
 Karim Bountiful, an epithet of God. 
 
 Karinda Laborious, a manager. 
 
 Kar'fliait A kind of bard, an officer in Indian 
 
 armies to encourage the soldiers. 
 
 Kar-o-bar A transaction. 
 
 Karoh A Kos equivalent to about two miles. 
 
 Karor Ten millions. 
 
 Karora A tax-gatherer, overseer. 
 
 KartaL A musical instrument. 
 
 Kartar Maker, Creator, Author. 
 
 Karti A calf which has died stuffed, and placed 
 
 near the mother to make her give milk. 
 
 Karii'a An earthern pipkin. 
 
 Karu'a-chauth Name of a Hindu holiday, celebrated in 
 
 the month Kartik, 
 
 Karnbi A cherub. 
 
 KarHn According to Muhammadans, Eorab, the 
 
 cousin of Moses, whose name, on account 
 
 of his riches and avarice, is proverbially 
 
 applied to misers. 
 Karj A loan, debt, money borrowed at interest. 
 
 (Earzdena) to lend. 
 
 Kas A kind of grass of which rope is made. 
 
 Kasb Trade, profession, gain. 
 
 Kasbl An artisan. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 49 
 
 Kasam An oath. 
 
 Eashka A mark made by the Hindus on the 
 
 forehead, (vide, tika). 
 
 -^- dena To put the Kashka on the forehead. 
 
 Easiin A. distributer. 
 
 Kat — Eharl A species of steatites with which children 
 
 learn to write, and also used to give a 
 
 polish to stucco. 
 
 Eanl Saying, agreement, promise. 
 
 Kanl-nama A written agreement. 
 
 Kaul — EalMna A kind of song. 
 
 Kanm Tribe, sect, family, nation. 
 
 Eanm-o-khwesh Friends and relations. 
 
 Kauri A small shell used as coin. 
 
 Eausar The name of a fountain or river in 
 
 paradise. 
 Eawar The vessels in which the Ganges water 
 
 is carried. 
 
 Eayath Name of a Hindu caste. 
 
 Eaza Pate, death. 
 
 Eaza-e-mnbram Inevitable fate. 
 
 Eaza-e-'umrl fiepeating prayers to make up for those 
 
 omitted in the former part of one's life. 
 
 kar or Kazara. ..... By chance. 
 
 Eaza-o-kadr Fate, predestination. 
 
 Ehabar News, information, intelligence, report, 
 
 fame, account, care. 
 Eliabar-dar Careful, cautious, informed, an informer, 
 
 a spy, scout, interj., have a care! Take 
 
 care! frequently used, imperatively. 
 
 -dar-i Caution, care. 
 
 diliinda Intelligence-giving. 
 
 -gir , A spy, an informer, also, a protector, 
 
 a patron. 
 
 -gir-i Spying, informing, also aid, care, protection. 
 
 i-khizr-i Report, sudden news, guessing at the 
 
 future, (derived from Ehizr, a prophet.) 
 
 karna, or -dena. . To inform, to give news. 
 
 lena i . . To take care of, to inquire into, to look 
 
 after. 
 
50 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEUMS. 
 
 Khabba Left-handed. 
 
 Khadam (plur, of Kpdim) Servants, retinue. ■ 
 
 Khaf a Concealment, a secret. 
 
 K^afl Secret, concealed, fine or small (hand- 
 writing, opposed to jali; large, plain, 
 handwriting). 
 
 Khagina Pried eggs, a kind of dish made of 
 
 eggs. 
 
 Khair Good, best, adv., well, n., goodness, 
 
 health, happiness. 
 
 andesh A friend, a well-wisher. 
 
 Khairat Alms, charity. 
 
 khana Alms-house. 
 
 Khairati Intended for charitable purposes. 
 
 Khairtad May he prosper ! 
 
 Khairiyat Welfare. 
 
 Kbair-khTrah A friend, a well-wisher. 
 
 Khairn-n-nisa The best of women, Fatima. 
 
 Khak Dust, earth. 
 
 chhanna pit. to sift the dust) expresses excessive- 
 
 labour and exertion in fruitless search. 
 
 meu milua To die, to perish. 
 
 sar Thumble. 
 
 sari Humility. 
 
 Khalaf A successor, an heir, a favourite son,. 
 
 posterity, adj., depraved, corrupted. 
 
 Khalafn-s-sidk True or rightful heir. 
 
 Khalari The place in which salt is boiled (in 
 
 Bengal). 
 Khalifa A successor, a sovereign, particularly 
 
 applied to the successors of Mnbammad^ 
 
 Hind,, a term applied to cooks, tailors,, 
 .a monitor in a school. 
 
 Khalik The Creator. 
 
 Khalk Creation, people, mankind. 
 
 Khallak The Creator. 
 
 Khalwat Retirement, solitude, private apartment 
 
 private conference. 
 
 -gnzm Adj., recluse, a hermit. 
 
 I-rSg' Soft music. 
 
GLOSSABY OP INDIAN TET.MS. 51 
 
 Kliani A pillar. 
 
 Kham Raw, vain. 
 
 Khama A pen, a writing reed. 
 
 Ehamach Name of a raglnl. 
 
 Khama-dan . A pen-case. 
 
 Khambh A pillar. 
 
 Kham-tab' Ifoolish, dull. 
 
 Khan Lord, prince. 
 
 Khan A mine. 
 
 Khana House, dwelling, room. 
 
 Khana abad A benediction, may your house flourish ! 
 
 -ba-dosh A pilgrim, a rover. 
 
 ^-i-zanjir A prison, or mad-house. 
 
 Khanjari A small tambourin, a timbrel. 
 
 Khankah A monastery. 
 
 Khappar A chafing dish, an earthen cup used by 
 
 Jogis, the vessel in which the blood 
 ol' a victim is offered. 
 
 Kharahra A currycomb. 
 
 Kharij-i A Mnhammadan sect, who do not rec- 
 ognise 'All as a legal successor of the 
 prophet. 
 
 Kharita An embroidered packet (according to the 
 
 dignity of the receiver) in which letters 
 are sent. 
 
 Kharpa A sandal. 
 
 Kharra ' The rough draft of a letter, or other 
 
 writing. 
 
 Khas The name of a grass, emitting a pleasant 
 
 odour, when wetted, of which tattis (or 
 screens for doors during the hot weatlier, 
 to keep the rooms cool) are made. 
 
 Khashkhash A poppy, poppy-seed. 
 
 Khasra A daybook, waste-book, field-book, rough 
 
 drawings, a kind of eruptive disease. 
 
 Khass Excellent, noble, pure, unmixed, partic- 
 ular, private. 
 
 mahal The apartments of married women (in 
 
 opposition to Khurd-mahal). 
 
 'amm Noble and plebeian. 
 
52 GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Ehatal Springtide. 
 
 Khatir The heart, soul, inclination^ memory, 
 
 will, choice. 
 
 -aznrda Melancholj', dejeqted, sad. 
 
 -dar-i Encouragement, comfort, satisfaction. 
 
 -dasfat Complaisance, regard. 
 
 karna To fondle, to encourage, to comfort. 
 
 men lana To regard, to attend to. 
 
 -men rakhna Imprinted on the memory. 
 
 -nishan To remember. 
 
 Ehatiya A bedstead, a bier. 
 
 Ehatri One of the four Hindu castes, the 
 
 military. 
 Khat — shastr or Ehat or 
 
 shat-darshan The six philosophical sciences of the 
 
 Hindus viz; 
 
 1. Nyaya, Logic, taught by Gotaiua. 
 
 2. Taisheshika, taught by Eanada. It 
 agrees with nyaya in some points 
 and differs in others. 
 
 3. Mimansa, taught by Jaiiuanl. It 
 consists of rules for the construction 
 and right interpretation of the Yedas. 
 
 4. Tedanta, taught by Vyasadeya, the 
 science of theology. 
 
 5. Sankhya, taught by Eapila. The 
 followers of this sect disbelieve in a 
 creator, saying that the universe is 
 from all eternity. 
 
 6. Patanjal, introduced by Sheslianaga. 
 It agrees in every point with Sankliya, 
 except that it makes God to be the 
 creator. 
 
 Ehattik A hunter, one who lives by killing and 
 
 selling game. 
 SljawSss (Plur.) Attendants, domestics, grandees, 
 
 ministers of state, properties, qualities. 
 
 ■ o-'awiSmm Nobles and plebeians. 
 
 Khayarl A kind of violet. 
 
 Ehazan or Ehlzan \uturan, the falling of the leaves. 
 
GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 53 
 
 Khazaua or Khizana A treasury, magazine, granary, the chamber 
 
 of a gun, treasure. 
 
 Khazana'e 'amira The royal treasury. 
 
 Khazanchi A treasurer. 
 
 Kheda The trap or enclosure in which elephants 
 
 are caught. 
 
 Kliedna To run after, to pursue, to persecute. 
 
 Khela A playful, foolish girl. 
 
 Khep A trip, voyage, a piece of base metal 
 
 inserted in coin, or cracked coin, a term 
 in algebra, something added to a sum. 
 
 harna To sustain a loss. 
 
 Khepa An idiot, a madman. 
 
 Khera A village. 
 
 Kheri or Klierki A kind of iron, or steel made in India. 
 
 Khet A field, a field of battle, a holy place. 
 
 Kheti Husbandry, crop, arable. 
 
 har A peasant, a husbandman. 
 
 Khewa Fare, ferry-money, price of passage in a 
 
 boat, crossing over a river. 
 
 Khichrl A dish made of pulse and rice boiled 
 
 together (to this Mussalmans add meat 
 shredded). 
 
 It has also the following meanings, 
 viz; earnest to dancing women, en- 
 gaged for an entertainment, a mixed 
 heap of gold and silver coin, a barbarous 
 mixture of two languages, the flower 
 of the Iber tree (Zizyphns jnjuba.) 
 
 Kljil'at A robe of dignity conferred by princes 
 
 on their subjects. 
 
 Khiran A black ring painted on a tambourin. 
 
 Kho'a Plaster, coarse brick-dust, milk, inspissated 
 
 by boiling. 
 
 Khobar A hogsty. 
 
 Khokha A boy, a bill of exchange, the amount 
 
 of which has been paid, remaining in 
 the hand of him who has paid it, by 
 way of voucher. 
 
 Khonchi A trifle paid by those who draw water 
 
54 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 at a well to the bhishti for the use of 
 
 his bucket. 
 Khonpa The hair braided or tied up on the top 
 
 of the head. 
 Khonta Deficient, adulterated, bad (as coin), false, 
 
 deceitful, also, a tent-pin, a peg, a nail, 
 
 a thorn, protection. 
 
 Khor An alley, the rage or curse of a god. 
 
 Khn or Kho Habit, custom, disposition, nature. 
 
 Khub Good, excellent, well, beautiful, pleasing, 
 
 amiable. 
 
 j Beautiful (face, form). 
 
 snrat ) 
 
 Khnd Self. 
 
 Khnd-ba-danlat Your worship. Sir ! His Majesty, &c., 
 
 (much used in composition). 
 
 khud Of thine, his, &c., accord. 
 
 Khuda God. 
 
 Khnmra A. small mat of palm leaves for kneeling 
 
 on at prayers, also a smaU drum carried 
 by beggars. 
 
 Ehnrfa To pluck fruit from a tree, to strip off 
 
 honours, or decorations. 
 
 Khnrpa An instrument for scraping grass for horses. 
 
 Ehntba A sermon after the service in the mosque 
 
 on Friday, in which the preacher blesses 
 Muhammad, his successors, and the 
 reigning sovereign. 
 
 Khwaja A man of distinction, a rich man. 
 
 (Khwaja Khijr) The name of a prophet skilled in divi- 
 nation, and who is said to have discovered 
 the water of life ; hence, he is considered 
 as the saint of waters. The Muhamma- 
 dans offer to him oblations of lamps, 
 flowers, &c., placed on little rafts and 
 launched on the river, particularly on 
 Thursday evening in the month of 
 BliSdou and it is in his honour that 
 the feast of the bera, q.v. is held. 
 
 Kibla Anything opposite, the direction of one 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 55 
 
 praying, hence Mecca, as a form, of 
 
 address, it signifies ; Worship ! Father ! 
 
 The Kibla of the world, your Majesty ! 
 Kibla-numa Showing the direction of Mecca, the 
 
 mariner's compass. 
 
 Kil Word, speech. 
 
 Eil-o-Eal Conversation, controversy. 
 
 Kll'a A fort. 
 
 Kima Minced meat. 
 
 Klmar Dice, or any game of hazard. 
 
 baz A gambler. 
 
 Kimat Price, value. 
 
 Kimiya (x^fiia) Alchymy, chymistry. 
 
 — -karna To do anything with to work rfliracles. 
 
 Kina Malice, spite, rancour, hatred. 
 
 Kinar or Eanar Bosom, embrace, side, margin, edge. 
 
 Kinar khainchna To give up, to quit, to leave. 
 
 Kinara 1 _ „., . ,. . 
 
 prop. Kanara.. Side, margin, part, limit 
 
 Einara 
 • karna To abstain, to refrain. 
 
 kash Withdrawing. 
 
 Einare A side. 
 
 Eingri A kind of fiddle. 
 
 Einkini. Bells, tinkling ornaments. 
 
 Eir Pitch. 
 
 Eiran Conjunction of the planets. 
 
 Eirat A seed of the Abrns precatorions, used 
 
 as a weight, a carat, the twenty-fourth 
 part of an ounce : four barley-corns. 
 
 Eiraya Hire, fare, rent. 
 
 Eu'Iyadar A tenant. 
 
 Eirdigar God the Creator. 
 
 Eirmiz Crimson (the origin of the word). 
 
 Eisan Farpaer, ploughman. 
 
 Eisas The law of retaliation. 
 
 Eisbat The case (or bag) in which barbers, 
 
 surgeons, &c., keep their tools, a piece 
 of leather worn by a bihishti or water- 
 man on his left hip, on which he rests 
 the bag containing water. 
 
56 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Kisbat-nama A book containing the histories of bar- 
 bers, surgeons, &c., and directions for 
 their practice, the Mhishtis also have- 
 such a book. 
 
 Kishan See Krishna. 
 
 Kishmish Eaisins or currants. ' 
 
 Kishuiz Coriander. (Coriandrum SatiTum). 
 
 Kisht A sown field. 
 
 Kisht-kar An agriculturist. 
 
 Kishti A ship, bark, boat. • • ■ 
 
 Kishti-ban The master of a- vessel. 
 
 Eismat Fate, fortune, ' 
 
 Kisna'i Husbandry,' agriculture. ■ 
 
 Kisra Name of a Persian ■ King, applied' to- 
 
 Kings of Persia. 
 
 Kissa faj A tale, a story, a narration. 
 
 -khwan A storyteller. ' 
 
 kotah In sliort, in one word. 
 
 karna To settle a dispute. 
 
 Kissa (in met. Hind.).... A quarrel, a dispute; 
 
 Kist Portion, instalment, tax. 
 
 band! Settlement of the revenues or taxes by 
 
 instalment. 
 
 Kitab A book, scripture. 
 
 Kitmir Pellicle of a date stone, name of the 
 
 dog that accompanied the seven steepers.. 
 
 Kiyamat The general resurrection. 
 
 Kiyas Judgment, opinion. 
 
 Kiyasat Ingenuity, vivacity, cunning. 
 
 SaMb-Kiyasat .... Ingenious, sagacious. 
 
 Koba A wooden instrument for beatiuff mud 
 
 or kankar on rooms and terraces to 
 make them level. 
 
 Kobi A cabbage. 
 
 Ko'eri Husbandmen, a Hindii caste whose 
 
 profession is husbandry. 
 
 Koft-gar A gilder. 
 
 Kokii A foster brother. 
 
 KoITi One of the caste of oilmen. 
 
 Kor A new rope of fine cotton, facing of a dressv 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 5T 
 
 Kor — chl A keeper of an armoury, a wardrobe. 
 
 Kor— khana An armoury, a wardrobe. - 
 
 Kori A score. 
 
 Korma . . A dish of meat, rice, &c. 
 
 Kos A measure of about 2 miles. • • 
 
 Kosh A dictionary. ■. 
 
 Kotha. An apartment, a house of bricks. 
 
 KothT : . — A small house (of bricks or stone) ware- 
 house, and, generally, where business- 
 is transacted. 
 
 Kotwal. ............. .'. The chief officer of police in a town. 
 
 Kot-wali- chabiitara A place or hall for the office of a 
 
 Kotwal. 
 
 Kridaut Name of a treatise on syntax. 
 
 Krishn or Krishna Black, dark blue, name of a Hindu incarna- 
 tion. The most celebrated form of Vishim,. 
 Vishnu himself, distinct- from the ten 
 avatSrs or incarnations. - He was the 
 younger brother of the -third Rama 
 (Balarama). His parents were Vasudeva 
 and DcTaki : but he was brought up in 
 the house of Nanda and Tashoda, to 
 conceal him from the tyrant Eansa whose 
 death from a child so born was predicted. 
 He passed his youth among the gopals 
 and gopis. Like the infant Hercules he 
 vanquished a serpent— Kaliya and slew 
 many monsters and giants. He put Kansa 
 to death, protected YudhishtMra, and 
 kindled the war described in the Ma- 
 habharata. He is the Apollo of the 
 Hindus, and is supposed by Colonel 
 "Wilford to have lived about 1300 years 
 before Christ. 
 
 Kriya An act, obsequies. 
 
 Ku A street. 
 
 Kn-ba-ku Street by street, in every street. 
 
 Ku'ii A well, angle of the eye, a slice of the 
 
 jack fruit, cocoon of the silk worm. 
 Kubba A vault, arch, dome. 
 
5,8 GLOSSAR'Sr OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Kucha A street, or lane. 
 
 Kndrat Power, authority, omnipotence. 
 
 Kuds Holiness, the angel Gabriel, Jerusalem. 
 
 Kufu Tribe, family, caste. 
 
 KiikrI Maize, Indian corn. 
 
 Kul Reading of the sura or chapter of the 
 
 Enr'an, entitled Kul hnwa-1-lah, which 
 is done, by way of benediction, over 
 fruits and sweetmeats presented to the 
 guests, at the conclusion of the annual 
 religious feasts" held in commemoration 
 of ancestors and other relations. Hence 
 the term signifies conclusion. 
 
 Kul Family, pedigree, race. 
 
 -deTi The goddess of a family. 
 
 Enlal A potter. 
 
 Kalba A house, cottage. 
 
 Knlhra An earthen vessel to drink out of. 
 
 Kull A slave, labourer, porter, a cooley. 
 
 Knlicha A kind of bread. 
 
 Kulin-a'-i Eespectability of descent, nobility. 
 
 Kulknllan A house-steward. 
 
 Enl-puj The object of family worship, the family 
 
 priest. 
 
 Eumanclih A kind of bread. 
 
 Kumash Breeding, manners. 
 
 Kumbh A water-pot, Aq^narius. 
 
 Knmhar A potter. 
 
 Kumkuma To hold, a vessel (in Hind.) in which 
 
 the red mixture which they throw at the 
 holi is contained. 
 
 Kuncli A little black and red seed used as a 
 
 weight by goldsmiths. 
 
 Kundii A vessel for kneading bread in, a platter. 
 
 Kundi A vessel in which snuff, bhang, ikc. 
 
 are ground. 
 
 Kunut From Kanat — to be obedient to God — 
 
 devotion, piety. 
 
 Kuiiwar A boy, the son of a Raja. 
 
 Kuiiwara A prince, heir apparent. 
 
aiOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 59 
 
 Kuiwari Virgin fit for marriage, a princess. 
 
 Kur'a A wager. 
 
 Kni'bau A sacrifice, victini, oblation, Koq§av-N.T. 
 
 Kurban-gah An altar. 
 
 Kurki Confi^scated. 
 
 Knrki partrana A sequestration warrant. 
 
 Knrm A tortoise, a turtle, the name of the 
 
 second Hindu incarnation. 
 
 Snrma Tribe, caste, family. 
 
 Knrs An orb, (pellet of paste), the disk of 
 
 the sun or moon. 
 
 Eiirsl A chair, stool, the eighth heaven, or, 
 
 according to some, the ninth, the throne 
 of God, name of a place, 14 miles 
 from Lakhnan, the inhabitants of which 
 are said to be mad, hence Eursi is 
 proverbially used in that sense. 
 
 Kurta A shirt. 
 
 Kuru Name of an ancient sovereign of Dehli 
 
 and the country around. 
 
 Knsh The sacred grass of the Hindus, (Poa- 
 
 cynosuroides.) 
 
 Eushk A palace. 
 
 Kusiif An eclipse of the sun. 
 
 Ensum A flower from which a red dye is extracted. 
 
 Eusur Fractions in Arithmetic. 
 
 Eut The base of a right-angled triangle. 
 
 Entak A club, a pestle for grinding bhang. 
 
 Entb The axis of a mill stone, the polar star, 
 
 the north pole. 
 
 Eutir A hut. 
 
 Eutnm Kin, family, tribe, caste. 
 
 Euver The god of riches. 
 
 Enza An earthen pot for water. 
 
 L. 
 
 La A negative or privative particle used in 
 
 composition as a prefix. 
 — char Helpless, without remedy. 
 
CO GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 La-hall Difficult, abstruse not admitting of solution. 
 
 — -hasil Unproductive, profitless. 
 
 — hanl wa la kBwata 
 
 ilia M-l-lahi There is no power nor virtue but in 
 
 God, i.e„ there is no striving against fate. 
 
 — -dil Without a heart, heartless. 
 
 - — ghakk Doubtless. 
 
 — -waris Without heir. 
 
 — -yazal Eternal, that ceases not. 
 
 — -zawal. . , imperishable. 
 
 Lab Lip. 
 
 kha Fastidious, fretful, a prig. 
 
 o-lahja Conversation. 
 
 rez Brimful, overflowing. 
 
 Laba A supplication, request. 
 
 Labe Eidicule, irony, jest, flattery. 
 
 Labeda A club. 
 
 Labera Name of a fruit. (Coadla myxa). 
 
 Labi The juice of the sugar-cane when boiling 
 
 into sugar. 
 
 Lachar A liar, a tattler, left-handed. 
 
 Lachchhan A foolish fellow, a simpleton. 
 
 Lachmi Sign, mark, the goddess of abundance, 
 
 the daughter of the ocean, and wife 
 of Vishnu, she is also called Fadma, 
 Kamala and Sri, and corresponds with 
 the Ceres of the Latins, prosperity, 
 wealth. 
 
 Lachua To bend. 
 
 Lad A load. 
 
 Lad phana Loading and packing. 
 
 Ladan CGr. Addavov.).. . . Ladanum, a resinous substance exuding 
 
 from the leaves and branches of the 
 Cistus creticus. 
 
 Laf — Liifzan Boasting, vanity. — A boaster. 
 
 Lafz . A word, saying. 
 
 Lag Striking, fixing, a stroke, enmity, ran- 
 cour, spite, aifection, love, cost, expend- 
 iture, a secret, approach. 
 
 Lagaiu A bridle, a bit. 
 
GLOSSARY or i;<DIAN TERMS. 6-1 
 
 Lag^an A moment, the rising of a sign of the 
 
 zodiac, aifection, friendship, love,espousal, 
 appointing the day of marriage, a flat 
 dish. 
 
 Lagana To apply, to add, to fasten, to fix, to 
 
 shut, to impute (anything to a person), 
 to report scandal, maliciously. 
 
 bnjhana To excite quarrels. 
 
 Laga'o Series, adherence, intercourse. 
 
 Lagawat Connection, application. 
 
 Lag-gi A pole, a staff. 
 
 Lag lagna To fall in love. 
 
 Lah A kind of cloth resembling gauze. 
 
 Advantage, welfare, lac. 
 
 Lahab Flame, plying or ascending (as dust). 
 
 Lahad A niche in the side of a sepulchre in 
 
 which dead bodies are deposited, also, 
 in Hindustan, the place where the dead 
 are washed. 
 
 Lahak Glitter. 
 
 Lahakna To glitter, to shine, to wave (as herbage 
 
 before the wind). 
 
 Lahar A wave, whim, fancy, vision, emotion, 
 
 the effect of the poison of a snake, a 
 waving (pattern in embroidery). 
 
 Laharna To wave, to undulate. 
 
 Lahbar A kind of parroquet. 
 
 Lahbera Name of a plant. 
 
 Labkauwar Kice-milk eaten by bride and bridegroom. 
 
 Lahlaha Blooming, flourishing. 
 
 Lahlaha-na To bloom, to flourish. 
 
 Lahn A sound, a note, melody, modulation. 
 
 Lahna . To answer, to signify, to find, to expe- 
 
 rience, outstanding debt, fate, destiny. 
 
 Lahra Quaver, shake, trill (in music). 
 
 Lahrana To tantalize, to put off, to undulate. 
 
 Lahsan Garlic, a freckle. 
 
 Lahsaniya Name of a precious stone. 
 
 Lahn (Lohu) Blood. 
 
 Lahu'a Name of a plant. 
 
62 GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Lai Voice, sound, tone, melody, symphony, 
 
 ardent affection, immersion, absorption. 
 
 La'i Parched rice mixed with sugar. 
 
 La'ik Worthy, proper, fit, suitable, able, capable, 
 
 qualified, adaptei. 
 Laila or Laill Name of the celebrated mistress of Majnnn 
 
 (the name of a celebrated lover whose 
 
 amours with Laila are the subject of a 
 
 poem by Mzami). 
 
 Laj Bashfulness, modesty, shame. 
 
 Lajajat Importunity, adulation. 
 
 Lajain The name of a sensitive plant, (Mimosa 
 
 natans or pndica), bashful. 
 
 Lfijana To be ashamed or abashed, to blush. 
 
 L^award A.zure, lapis laznli. 
 
 Lajlaj Said to be the name of the inventor of 
 
 chess. 
 
 Lajlajana To soften. 
 
 Lak A kneading trough, a tortoise. 
 
 Lakab A title, surname (either honorable or 
 
 opprobrious.) 
 Lakh Gum lac, a kind of wax formed by the 
 
 Coccus lacca, a hundred thousand. 
 
 lagrana To shut up or conceal. 
 
 Lakhanta Besmeared with lac. 
 
 karna To smear with lac, to glaze. 
 
 Lakhpati (from lakh, 
 
 hundred thousand, and 
 
 pati, master, owner). Rich. 
 
 Lakk-o-dakk Desert, waste, dreary. 
 
 Laklaka A stork, the voice of, a continual motion 
 
 ■of the jaw or of the tongue (in serpents), 
 eloquence, pronunciation. 
 
 Lai An infant boy, a son. 
 
 Lala A boy. 
 
 Laila A tulip. 
 
 Lalii (h.) Sir, master, a schoolmaster. 
 
 Lala (f.) A slave. 
 
 Lali A girl, impotent. 
 
 Liil-T Redness. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 63 
 
 Lal-ri A kind of ruby, also a counterfeit ruby. 
 
 Lalsa Desire, view. 
 
 Lam A ringlet (the letter L, so called, being 
 
 curled), crooked curled. ' 
 
 Kaf kahua To abuse, to give abuse. 
 
 Lamba Long, tall. 
 
 tarna To lengthen, to beat. 
 
 Lam-chhar A long musket. 
 
 Lana To bring, to breed, produce, make. 
 
 Landnra •. . . . Tailless, applied to a person without 
 
 friends. 
 Langar An anchor, a stay or rope for supporting- 
 
 a tent, an alms-house. 
 par bona To be at anchor. 
 
 nthfita To weigh anchor, to feed the poor. 
 
 Langhan Fast, fasting. 
 
 Langot, langota, laugot-i. A cloth worn by Indians passing between 
 
 the legs, and bound round the waist. 
 
 band, A bandage to which the above is fastened, 
 
 one devoted to celibacy. 
 
 Langotiya-yar An old friend from childhood, a very 
 
 intimate friend. 
 
 Langra Lame. 
 
 Langra'i Worthlessness. 
 
 Langra-na To limp. 
 
 LangrT .A large shallow pan, made of metal,. 
 
 and generally used to knead bread n. 
 
 Langncha A sausage. 
 
 Langur A baboon. 
 
 La'o la'o Oovetousness. 
 
 Lap ~. . A handful, the space in the palm of the 
 
 hand closed so as to hold water. Indians, 
 generally form a hollow by joining the 
 palms of both hands for the purpose 
 of holding water or other liquid to 
 drink. 
 
 Lapak A flash of lightning, the spring of 
 
 tiger or other wild beast. 
 
 Lapakna To flash (as lightning), to spring or rush 
 
 upon, to attack. 
 
•64 GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Lapet A fold, a ply, envelope, jtwist, bandage, 
 
 fillet. 
 
 Lapetan Evasion, subterfuge. 
 
 Lapet-jhapet or -sapet ... A roller on which cloth is wound on the 
 
 loom, a button. 
 
 Lapetna To wrap up, to fold, to pack, to spread. 
 
 Lapet-wan Twisted, ornamented with gold or silver 
 
 thread wound round it. 
 
 Laphna To jump. 
 
 Lapka Nimbleness, a bad- custom or habit. 
 
 Lapki A stitch. 
 
 Lappa Brocade, gold or silver cloth. 
 
 Lar Caress, play, sport. 
 
 Laiia Darling, dear. 
 
 Lasa Anything claminy or glutinous, the milk 
 
 of plants. 
 
 I A dead body, corpse. 
 
 Lasha \ 
 
 Lashkar An army. 
 
 Lashkar — gah A camp. 
 
 Lashkar — kash-i Raising of forces. 
 
 Lashkar — khalas A trull. 
 
 Lat fa J Name of an idol worshipped by the pagan 
 
 Arabians. 
 
 Lat C/iJ Bad habits, whim. 
 
 Lat Cs.J The hanging^ branch of a creeper. 
 
 Lat (hj Tangled hair. 
 
 Lat (hj A kick. 
 
 Lat (h.J Dirty cloth (soiled by keeping). 
 
 Lata A creeper, a vine. 
 
 Lata Reduced by sickness, emaciated, lean. 
 
 Lata A kind of food eaten by the poor, (Mahu'a 
 
 pounded with grain, MahS'a is a tree 
 from the leaves or flower of which an 
 intoxicating liquor is distilled). 
 
 Lathi A staif, club, stick. (These sticks, generally 
 
 of the he-bamboo and bound round with 
 iron or brass rings, make formidable 
 weapons, they are frequently used in 
 fights, and zamindars arm their followers 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 65 
 
 with them as weapons both of offence 
 
 and defence.) 
 
 lathi pathi Beating with lathis. 
 
 Lat jana To become entangled. 
 
 latka Incantation, conjuring rod. A philter, 
 
 a quack medicine. 
 Lat khora Kicked, beaten, comtemptible, mean, a 
 
 slave, a threshold. 
 Lat, lath An obelisk, a pillar, a club or staff", the 
 
 vertical part of an oil-mill. 
 Lat-inardan meii parna.. To be trampled under foot, or disgraced. 
 
 — marua To kick. 
 
 Lan The flame of a candle, any pointed flame. 
 
 Lauh' A plank, a table, a board (especially on 
 
 which anything is written). 
 Lau lagana To be constant in prayer and devotion. 
 
 — lagui The frequent and long continued repetition 
 
 of any saying (particularly of a dying 
 man calling on God, or of a lover on 
 his mistress), to have a constant desire 
 or craving for anything. 
 
 Lauh-o-kalam The tablet and pen on, and with, which 
 
 the decrees of the Deity are .written. 
 
 Lawahik Servants, domestics, followers, family. 
 
 Lawazima Eequisites, baggage. 
 
 Lehna Pasture, provender. 
 
 Le'i Paste. 
 
 Le-jana To take away, to carry, to run away 
 
 with, to submit, to win. 
 
 Lekha Account, reckoning. 
 
 Lekhak A writer, accountant. 
 
 Le-Iena To take, receive, accept of, to take by 
 
 force, to extort. 
 
 Le-lnt - Borrowing and never paying. 
 
 Lena To take, accept, receive, buy, win. 
 
 Leu-den Traffic, trade, barter. 
 
 Lew Plaster falling from a wall. 
 
 Lewar Mud to plaster a wall with. 
 
 Likha Fate, , predestination, destiny, writing, 
 
 written. 
 
 5 
 
66 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Likha'i The wages of writing, the labour of 
 
 writing, the art or business of writing. 
 
 Likhna To write. 
 
 Likhnl A pen. 
 
 — — — das A writer, amanuensis, copyist. 
 
 Ling Membrum virile, the emblem of Maha- 
 
 deva, and an object of worship. 
 
 Loban A kind of gum, incense, benzoin. 
 
 Lobh Avarice, temptation. 
 
 Lodha Name of a tribe, a husbandman. 
 
 Lodi : Name of a caste of Pathans. 
 
 Log People. 
 
 Loga'i Woman. 
 
 Loha Iron. 
 
 Lohani Name of a caste of Pathans. 
 
 Loh-ar A blacksmith. 
 
 Lok People, a world, region, country. (The- 
 
 Uindiis divide the Universe into three- 
 loks or regions, viz. I. Swarg-lok, the- 
 Heaven. II. Mart-lok, the earth, the- 
 region under the sun. III. Fatal, the 
 region under the earth. 
 
 Lokalok A chain of mountains surrounding the 
 
 world. 
 
 Lok-paL Supporter or cherisher of a world or 
 
 people, a king. 
 
 -rachclihas A demon. (The spirit of a wicked man, 
 
 converted into a demon. 
 
 Lom Hair, the base of a triangle. 
 
 Lon Salt. 
 
 Lona Salt, brackish. 
 
 Lon-a Name of a fruit. (Annona reticnlata). 
 
 Lon-ar Salt lands, a salt-pit. 
 
 Lonmirch lagana To speak hyperbolically or in high-flowa 
 
 language. 
 
 Lop Disappearance, vanished. 
 
 Lor, Lol Tear, tears. 
 
 Lorha A stone pestle. 
 
 Lota ; A pot, pipkin (made generally of brass^ 
 
 an article indispensable to Hindus). 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 67 
 
 Loth A corpse. 
 
 Lotha A bag, sack. 
 
 Lnch Pure, mere, naked. 
 
 bahadnr A vagabond. 
 
 Luchcha A vagabond, libertine, rake. 
 
 Luchpan Libertinism, rakishness. 
 
 Luchra A spider. 
 
 Lughat Tongue, speech, dialect, language, a word, 
 
 a dictionaiy. 
 
 Lngho Preposterous, contemptible, absurd, false. 
 
 Lnghz or Ingharz Any ambiguous phrase, an enigma, a 
 
 riddle. 
 
 Luh, Lnk A hot wind, which has often a very per- 
 nicious effect on persons exposed to its 
 influence. 
 
 Luhangi A stafl' armed with iron. 
 
 Lnk A falling star. 
 
 Lnkna To lie hid, to be concealed. 
 
 Luknat Lisp, stammer, stuttering. 
 
 Lut Plunder. 
 
 baz A plunderer, murderer. 
 
 khut Plundering and ravaging. 
 
 pat Plunderer and sacking. 
 
 Liitna To plunder. 
 
 M. 
 
 Ma A mother. 
 
 Ma'ab Place of return, receptacle, repository. 
 
 Ma"abid Places of worship. 
 
 Ma'ad Place or return, resurrection, the life to come. 
 
 M;a"adin Mines. 
 
 Jia'al End, aim, termination. 
 
 khair A happy issue. 
 
 Ma"ani Mystical, elegant meanings, elegance of 
 
 language. 
 
 Ma"a9far Safflower, (Carthamns tinctorins). 
 
 Mabadi Beginnings, origins. 
 
68 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 jjggjj^ A large bedstead or platform, a frame 
 
 on which persons sit to drive away birds 
 from corn-fields. 
 
 x._ A lazy person who never stirs from his 
 
 bed, a Rajput soldier, naturally indolent 
 and addicted to opium, but active and 
 brave when roused. 
 
 Machchh -A. fish, the name of the first avatar, 
 
 or incarnation, when Tishnn appeared 
 in the shape of the small fish, saphari, 
 to Satyavrata, or Hayagriva, lo warn 
 him of the general deluge, and desire 
 him to place the four Vedas in the boat 
 which he (Tishnn) would preserve. The 
 fish was first taken up by Hayagriva 
 in his hands when bathing, being then 
 of the size of a PSthi; but it grew too 
 large to be contained in a tank or river, 
 and was carried to the sea ; where, 
 afterwards, it supported the ark with 
 its horn. Satyavrata lived about 3000 
 years before Christ. 
 
 Xachchhar A musquito, a gnat. 
 
 ki jhnl ka chor A petty pilferer. 
 
 Machchhi (h.) A kiss. 
 
 Machchhi (a.) A fish (for machhli.) 
 
 Machhll A fish. 
 
 Machiya A stool, a chair. 
 
 Mad Pride, wine, spirits. 
 
 Mada Female, a female. 
 
 Madad Assistance, help, succour. 
 
 gar An ally, protector. 
 
 -gar-I Assistance. 
 
 khwah One who asks assistance. 
 
 ^™^dan Love, lust, a name of Kamadeva, qx., 
 
 name of a medicinal plaiit, Datura. 
 
 '^^^^^ A circumference, a centre, a station, a seat, 
 
 a place of turning to or returjving from. 
 
 Madari A juggler. 
 
 ^''^'"^'■y Steps, degrees, ascents, ways. 
 
GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 69 
 
 Madarij-i-kar A chief manager of business, name of a 
 
 celebrated Mnsalman saint. 
 
 Madda ( E^^'^iision, a mark placed over A to 
 
 Tjj J J I \ to lengthen its sound, it produces sounds 
 
 ' of other vowels to the following syllable. 
 
 Madda A matter, subject, article, aifair, clause. 
 
 Maddiih An encomiast, panegyrist. 
 
 Maddi Material. 
 
 Maddi-yat Substantialness. 
 
 Madd-o-jazr Tide, the flux and reflux of the sea. 
 
 Madfan A tomb, a burying-place. 
 
 Madh Praise, commendation. 
 
 Madlia A place for the reception of the bride 
 
 and bridegroom. 
 
 Madh-khwan A bard, eulogist. 
 
 Madh-mas Middle of the month. 
 
 Madhmata Intoxicated, drunk. 
 
 Madlio or Madhava A name of Krishna or Tishnu. 
 
 Madhn-ban i 
 
 -pur ; Names of Mathnra, the birth-place of 
 
 puri ' Krishna. 
 
 Madhnkar A bee, name of Ddhav, a relation of Krishna. 
 
 MadhnkrI A kind of bread baked on live coals 
 
 (charcoal) eaten by fakirs, victuals given 
 in alms to pilgrims. 
 
 Madhu-mat Name of a ragini or musical mode. 
 
 Madhn-sndan A name of Krishna, who slew a demon 
 
 named Madhn. 
 
 Madid Long, extensive. 
 
 Mafarr A place of refuge. 
 
 Mafasid Evils. 
 
 Mafasil Joints. 
 
 Mafhnm Comprehended, understood. 
 
 Mafluj Paralytic. 
 
 Maflnk Indigent, distressed, unfortunate. 
 
 Mafruh Glad tidings. 
 
 Mafruk Separated, divided. 
 
 Mafruz Eequisite as a sacred duty, indispensable. 
 
 Magadh Name of a country, including Patna and 
 
 (jraya, &c. 
 
70 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Magau Delighted, glad. 
 
 Magana To send for. 
 
 Maganta Transport, delight. 
 
 Magar (s.) An alligator. 
 
 Magas A fly, a kind of Indian corn. 
 
 ran A fly-flap. 
 
 Magh Name of the 10th Hindu month. 
 
 Maghflrat Absolution, remission.. 
 
 Maghrab, Maghrib The west, sunset. 
 
 Maha Great, illustrious, very, extremely. 
 
 Maliabat Majesty, greatness, reverence, fear, awe. 
 
 Maha-bharat One of the two great Hindu epics, (the 
 
 other, the Bainayan, composed by Val- 
 nilki; contains the history of Kama) — 
 signifying the great war of the descend- 
 ants of Bharat (Kama's brother) — was 
 written by Vyasadeva, and gives an 
 account of the wars of the Pandavss 
 and the Kauravas. 
 
 -braliman A Brahman who officiates at funerals, 
 
 and is first fed after the mourning for 
 a dead person. 
 
 r 
 
 MahadeT A name of Siva, one of the gods in the 
 
 Hindu trinity. 
 Maha-dol A large and splendid sort of sedan or 
 
 palki. 
 Xaha-jan A banker, money-dealer, merchant, a good 
 
 or trustworthy person. 
 Maha-korh A species of leprosy in its most malignant 
 
 form. 
 
 Mahal Formidable, dreadful (places). 
 
 Mahall A place, house, building, seraglio, station, 
 
 ■time, opportunity, occasion. 
 -i-mujra The place of obeisance, clearance of 
 
 accounts. 
 Maha-maus Human flesh (one wlio takes money on 
 
 giving his daughter in marriage, is said 
 
 to sell maliiimaiis, human flesh.) 
 
 mari Plague, pestilence, any epidemic. 
 
 Malitimm Serious aftairs, an important transaction. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 71 
 
 Mahant A religious superior, a chief of fakirs, 
 
 the head priest of a temple who has 
 charge of the treasury. 
 
 Maha-pap Atrocity, great sin. 
 
 Maha-prasad The meat which is offered to the deity 
 
 (especially to Jagannath) and afterwards 
 distributed. 
 
 Mahar Eeins, a bridle, a piece of wood put through 
 
 the nostril of a camel to guide him by. 
 
 Maharaj Great king, excellency, used by inferiors 
 
 as a form of address to superiors, 
 Brahmans are so addressed. 
 
 Maha raja Originally the supreme king, now gener- 
 ally applied to quasi-independent princes 
 in India. 
 
 Mahela A food given to horses, a mash of beans. 
 
 Mailer / Name of a dish^ consisting of rice or 
 
 Maherl | other grain, boiled in sour milk. 
 
 Mahes A name of Maliadeva, 
 
 Mahl The earth, MaM-pat, lord of the earth, 
 
 a king. 
 
 Mahi A iish. 
 
 -dandan A fish's tooth of which hilts of swords 
 
 are made. 
 
 farosli A fishmonger. 
 
 gir A fisherman, an otter. 
 
 maratib Certain honours, of which the privilege 
 
 is especially conferred on princes and 
 great nobles, they are denoted by the 
 figure of a fish, with other insignia (two 
 balls), carried as ensigns upon elephants. 
 
 Mah-iyana Monthly salary. 
 
 Mahochha A funeral feast-among fakirs. 
 
 Jiahr A portion or gift settled upon the wife 
 
 before marriage. 
 
 jjtahra A palki-bearer (malirai denotes his occu 
 
 pation, and is also applied to a song 
 among cowherds.) 
 
 Mahu'a Name of a tree from the flowers of which 
 
 the common spirituous liquor used by 
 
72 GLOSSABY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Indians is distilled, the distilleries are- 
 di-med out by the Government to the 
 ighest bidder. 
 
 Ma'i Mother. 
 
 ](ai Wine, spirituous liquor. 
 
 — iisham A. wine-drinker. 
 
 — farosh A vintner. 
 
 — kada I , , 
 
 > A tavern. 
 
 — khana ) 
 
 '•- [ A wine-bibber, a sot. 
 
 — khwar ) 
 
 — -nab. Pure wine. 
 
 l[ai-uosh-i Wine-drinking. 
 
 Maila Dirty, defiled. 
 
 Maimanat Fortune, prosperity, happiness. 
 
 Maimnn Fortunate, auspicious, prosperous, a 
 
 baboon, monkey. 
 
 Maithal or Maithil An inhabitant of Mithila (Tirhut). 
 
 Maj Eipe, yellow. 
 
 Majal Power, ability strength. 
 
 Majalis Conferences, assemblies, convivial con- 
 versation. 
 
 Majami' Congregations. 
 
 Majaz Lawful, admissible, insincere, feigned, 
 
 metaphor. 
 1 Adv. superficially, adj. metaphorical, hy- 
 perbolical, unreal. 
 
 Majbnr Constrained, helpless. , 
 
 -i Constraint, force. 
 
 Majd GI017, grandeur, the honour derived from. 
 
 ancestors. 
 
 Xaj'hala Wrangling. 
 
 ISaj'har An asylum, a hiding place. 
 
 Maj'hud Oppressed with labour or vexation, care, 
 
 trouble, vexation. 
 
 Maj'hul Unknown, little known. 
 
 Maj'hiil-I Ignorance. 
 
 Maj'huI-1-mntlak Very indolent or useless. 
 
 Majid J. Glorious, honourable, noble. 
 
 MajTra Small cymbals. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 73; 
 
 Majit Cheap, that which is sold under price, 
 
 bought, second hand. 
 
 Majith Name of a drug used for dyeing red 
 
 (Rnbia manjith). 
 
 Majlis An assemblj', a company, congregations- 
 convention. 
 
 Majma' An assembly, a collection. 
 
 Majmir A chafing dish, a censer for incense, 
 
 perfume. 
 
 Majiiiu'a A crowd, assembly, a collection, maga- 
 zine, compendium, a form (in printing), 
 adj., collected, assembled, all, the whole.. 
 
 Majmu'a-dar A record keeper, a title given to the 
 
 servants of a Kanun-go (an officer in 
 each district, acquainted with its customs- 
 and the nature of its land tenures). 
 
 Majnnn Insane, in love, the name of a celebrated 
 
 lover, whose amours with Laila are the 
 subject of a poem by Jfizaml. 
 
 Xajns A guebre or follower of Zoroaster, and 
 
 who conforms with the Zendavesta,. 
 Magi. The Parsis are the represent- 
 atives of this faith in India. 
 
 Makabir (plur.ofMakbara, Tombs, sepulchres. 
 a burying place, a tomb) 
 
 Maka'id Frauds, cheats, snares. 
 
 Makal 
 
 , Speech, discourse sentence, word. 
 
 Makala ' 
 
 Makam Dwelling, mansion a place of residence- 
 
 or encamping, halting of an army, place, 
 in a book. 
 
 Makbara A burying place, a tomb. 
 
 Makdur Power, abilily, possibility. 
 
 Makhadim Servants, domestics, ministers. 
 
 Makhafat Dreads, terrors. 
 
 Makhaiyir Expenses, disbursements. 
 
 Maklian Bountiful, charitable, liberal. 
 
 Makharij Butter. 
 
 _ ' ' \ Served, lord, master, mistress. 
 
 Makhdnma, /. 
 
'74 GLOSSAET OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 MakhdSm-iyat Mastership. 
 
 Makhlnk Created, formed, creature. 
 
 Makhlnkat (Plur.) . Things created. 
 
 Makhlnt Mixed, blended, confused. 
 
 Makhmal Velvet. 
 
 Makhmas a Hunger, wretchedness. 
 
 Makkhi A fly, the sight of a gun. 
 
 — cMs A reiser. 
 
 ■marna To be idle, to trifle. 
 
 nrana To flatter, to perform servile offices for 
 
 any one. 
 
 Makna' A bride's veil. 
 
 Makr "Fraud, imposture, evasion. 
 
 Makra A kind of grain, a spider. 
 
 Makramat Honour, glory, nobleness, generosity. 
 
 Makrana To move by winding about or crookedly, 
 
 to be averse, or act to the contrary. 
 
 Makrnz Lent. 
 
 Maksam A part, a portion. 
 
 Makta' The last verse of a poem. 
 
 Maktab 1 . , , 
 
 .._ > A school. 
 
 — khana I 
 
 Mai (a.) Property. 
 
 Mai (s.J A garland. 
 
 Mai (h.J A champion, a prize-fighter. 
 
 Mala A Hindu rosary,anecklace,a garland, abook. 
 
 Mala Full. 
 
 Malagir Name of a mountain noted for its Sandal- 
 wood. 
 
 Mala'I Cream. 
 
 Mala'ik 1 
 
 > Angels. 
 
 Mala'ika j " 
 
 Malakh A locust. 
 
 MaM Sadness, anguish, vexation, languor. 
 
 Malani Reproach, rebuke, blame, reviling. 
 
 Malana To cause, to rub, grind or scour. 
 
 Malang A kind of darwesli. 
 
 MalangI A salt-maker. 
 
 Malar Name of a ragini, or musical mode sung 
 
 during the rains. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERVS. 75 
 
 Malat A worn rupee or other coin. 
 
 Malaz An asylum, refuge, protection. 
 
 Malba Eubbish. 
 
 Mal-dar Eicli. 
 
 Slal-gnzar A tenant, a subject, a landholder, one 
 
 paying rent or taxes. 
 
 Mal-guzar-i Eent paid in money. 
 
 Mal-I Relating to wealth or merchandise. 
 
 Mall A gardener. 
 
 Malichh An unclean race, those who make no 
 
 distinction between clean and unclean 
 food, a barbarian or one speaking any 
 language but Sanskrit and not subject 
 to the usual Hindu institutions. 
 
 Malik Master, lord, possessor, proprietor. 
 
 ana Like an owner, au annual or monthly 
 
 allowance paid to a zamlu-dar, by the 
 person who occupies his lands, whether 
 the state or a jagir-dar. 
 
 Mal-khawind A proprietor. 
 
 mast Purseproud. 
 
 Mamalik Kingdoms, provinces, states, 
 
 Ma'mul Custom, practise, habit. 
 
 Mandal A circle, orb, the heavens. 
 
 Mandap. .' A house, a temple. 
 
 Mandar The name of a mountain in Indian my- 
 thology with which the ocean was 
 churned. 
 
 Mandha A place adorned with flowers for the 
 
 bride and bridegroom. 
 
 Manjh Name of a ragim, or musical mode. 
 
 Mansab A magistrate. 
 
 Marghat The place where the Hindus burn their dead. 
 
 Marhaba (lit. may you enjoy a spacious abode.) 
 
 Interj. — Hail ! Welcome ! God bless you ! 
 
 Marici Name of the demon, employed by Ravaua 
 
 to entice away Sita. 
 
 Marjan Sprinkling with water for purification 
 
 before the performance of religious 
 ceremonies. 
 
76 GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Marsiya An elegy, a dirge, a funeral eulogium, 
 
 particularly one sung during the Mnh- 
 arram in commemoration of the descend- 
 ants of 'All. 
 
 Maru Name of a rag or musical mode, also 
 
 of a kettle-drum. 
 
 Marzban A governor of the frontier. 
 
 Masa'il The precepts of Mnhammad. 
 
 Masai A fable, simile, proverb. 
 
 Masan A place where a dead body is burned, 
 
 an evil spirit. 
 
 Mash'had A place of martyrdom, of assembly, a 
 
 tomb. 
 
 Mashshata A tire-woman, one who dresses hair, and 
 
 who prepares a bride. 
 
 Mashrn' Initiated. Prescribed by law, also the name 
 
 of a kind of cloth made of silk and 
 cotton mixed — in which it is lawful for 
 Mnsalmans to pray, they being forbid- 
 den to do so in a garment entirely 
 of silk. 
 
 Masih, Masiha Messiah, Christ. 
 
 Masjld A mosque. 
 
 i-jami' A great mosque. 
 
 Masjnd Worshipped, adored. 
 
 Math A Hindu college or convent, a pagan 
 
 temple. 
 
 Matla' The place of rising — of the sun, the east,, 
 
 the opening of a poem. 
 
 Mania A judge, master, also, a slave. 
 
 Manlavi A learned man. 
 
 Manllk Of inferior caste among Eayasths. 
 
 Manlnd Poetry chanted before the bier of a de- 
 ceased person when carried out 
 
 Manlud-i A person who chants before the bier of 
 
 a corpse. 
 
 Maya Illusion caused by the deity and by 
 
 which mankind believe in the reality of 
 external objects which exist only in the- 
 imagination. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 77 
 
 Mazhab Eeligion, sect. 
 
 Medni Tlie earth, a body of pilgrims to the 
 
 tomb of a saint. 
 
 Megh A cloud, name of a rag or musical mode 
 
 appropriated to the wet season and last 
 watch of the night before the first dawn 
 of day, and said to have proceeded from 
 the head of Brahma, or else from the sky.. 
 
 Megh-pati Lord of the clouds. 
 
 raj The thunderer. 
 
 Mekh A ram, the sign Aries. 
 
 MekM rupaiya An adulterated rupee. 
 
 Mela A fair, an assemblage of Hindus for a 
 
 religious ceremony, as for bathing in 
 some river held sacred, especially at the 
 junction of the Ganges and the Jumna, 
 and the Saraswati, (called after the 
 goddess of speech and wife of Brahma) 
 of which, however, all traces are lost. 
 This junction is at Allahabad (the Hindu 
 Prag or Prayag) and considered pecul- 
 iarly sacred, immense crowds of devotees 
 assemble here to bathe at the full moon 
 of the magh, the name of the 10th 
 Hindu month, this assembly is hence 
 called, the magh mela. 
 
 JSendak. m. 1 
 
 Mendkl./. } ^^^-"S- 
 
 Meadki ko znkam^ hona. . (A frog having caught cold) expresses 
 
 pride or consequential airs assumed by 
 worthless persons. 
 
 Merii An axis. 
 
 Mesh A sheep, a ram, the sign Aries. 
 
 -chasm Sheep-eyed, sheepish, a blockhead. 
 
 Mich Death. 
 
 Mihrab The principal place in a mosque where 
 
 the priest prays before the people with 
 
 his face turned towards Mecca. 
 
 Mihrban-gi | t- . i,- i • ji- 
 
 > Iriendliness, kindliness. 
 
 Mihrban-i 
 
78 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Mihtar A prince, applied first ironically and no\r 
 
 generally to a sweeper, a very low oc- 
 cupation in Hindnstan. 
 
 Mikyas The style of a dial, hand of a watcb,. 
 
 the kilometer. 
 
 Mil A needle, a wire made hot, used to blind 
 
 people, the barrel of a gun. 
 
 Millat Religion, faith, a people. 
 
 Milna To be mixed, to be confounded, to meet,. 
 
 to occur, to be got, to associate, to 
 agree, to suit, to be united, to find (a. 
 person, or thing), to obtain (a thing). 
 
 jnlna To meet, to mix, to visit. 
 
 Min A fish, name of the first incarnation of 
 
 Tishim, also applied to the Hindu 
 Cupid: Kam-dey. 
 
 Mina A glass, a decanter, a blue colour, enamel 
 
 blue stone, vitriol, heaven, paradise. 
 
 Minal Enamel. 
 
 MInar Minaret, obelisk, steeple. 
 
 Mnkab An instrtiment with which they tap for 
 
 dropsy. 
 
 Mintaka A girdle, zone, belt. 
 
 —— e-mabrnda The frigid zone. 
 
 e-mahrnka The torrid zone. 
 
 e-mn'tadlla The temperate zone. 
 
 tu-l-burnj The celestial girdle, the zodiac. 
 
 Minu Paradise. 
 
 Mir A chief, leader, a title by which Saiyidg. 
 
 (who claim to be descendants of Hnsain, 
 grandson of the prophet Mnhammad). 
 are called. 
 
 Mir-an The payment out of their fees by inferior 
 
 officers to the head of their department. 
 
 Miras Heritage, patrimony. 
 
 Mirasan A caste of singing girls who only sing 
 
 before women. 
 
 Mlras-i Hereditary, inherited, a caste who follow 
 
 the profession of singing from generation, 
 to generation. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 79' 
 
 Mir'at A mirror. 
 
 Mir-I A. winner at play. 
 
 ^is (pj Copper. 
 
 Mis fs.J Pretence, sham. 
 
 •'*>§*^ An agreement, bargain, league. 
 
 Misal Simile, similitude. 
 
 Mishar, Misra A title of Brahmans, who were brought 
 
 to India from Sakadwip by Erisluia 
 in order to cure the leprosy of his son 
 Samba: also a title of some Brahmans 
 from Mithila, &e. 
 
 Miskal A weight containing 4 mashas and 3| 
 
 rattis, Cvide, appendix, weights and: 
 measures). 
 
 Misr A large city, Egypt. 
 
 Misra' A hemistich, a single line in poetiy. 
 
 Misr-i Sugar candy. 
 
 Mistar A ruler (generally made by parallel threads 
 
 fixed on paper, on which the sheet to- 
 be written on is pressed). 
 
 Mitha'i A sweetmeat, sweetness. 
 
 MitI Date, interest. 
 
 MittM , A kiss, 
 
 Mittl or matti Earth. 
 
 dalna To conceal another's fault. 
 
 • dena To bury. 
 
 bona To become weak or faint, to be ruined .- 
 
 karua To ruin or destroy. 
 
 khana To eat flesh. 
 
 Miyaii or myau Sir, an address expressive of kindness, a 
 
 title by which eunuchs are addressed, 
 
 master. 
 
 Miyan A scabbard, the loins, the waist. 
 
 Miyana Middling, moderate, (in India), a kind' 
 
 of Sedan or palki. 
 
 Miyau admi A respectable person. 
 
 Xiyan-basta Loins girt, ready for action. 
 
 -jl A mediator, an arbitrator, a broker, a 
 
 schoolmaster. 
 Mi'yar Standard of money, a weight or measure.- 
 
•■80 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Mizan A balance, a pair of scales, the sign Libra, 
 
 measure, metre, rhyme, verse, prosody, 
 addition in arithmetic. 
 
 -dena or -lagana.. . . To add, to cast up. 
 
 Mijratt The quill with which a musical instru- 
 ment is struck. 
 
 Mocha A plantain tree (Musa sapientum.) 
 
 Mochh Eelease, salvation, final and eternal 
 
 happiness, the liberation of the soul from 
 the body and its exemption from further 
 transmigration. 
 
 Mod Delight, pleasure. 
 
 Modi A merchant, shopkeeper, grain-merchant, 
 
 steward. 
 
 -khana A pantry. 
 
 Moh Pity, compassion, sympathy, kindness, 
 
 affection, allurement, fascination, love. 
 
 Mohan A sweetheart, mistress, a name of Krishna, 
 
 and of Hindus. 
 
 bhog A kind of sweetmeat. 
 
 mala Name of an ornament, a string or necklace 
 
 composed of gold beads and corals. 
 
 Moh men ana To faint, as at the sudden appearance 
 
 of a mistress or friend. 
 
 Mohna , To fascinate charm, allure, delude. 
 
 Mor A chaplet worn by Hindns at the time 
 
 of marriage. 
 
 Moza A stocking, boot. 
 
 sir A horse that bites, his rider. 
 
 Mu'af-i Exempt from rent and tax (land), a grant 
 
 of land from a sovereign, free of all 
 exactions. 
 
 Mu'allim An instructor, a pilot. 
 
 Mu'arrikh An annalist, historian. 
 
 Mn'azzin A public crier to prayers. 
 
 Miibid or Miibad A doctor, philosopher, counsellor of state, 
 
 a priest of the guebres, or sun- 
 worshippers. 
 
 Mudra A sign, a silver coin, a ring worn by 
 
 jogis in their ears. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 81 
 
 Mufassal Adj., distinct, full, ample, adv., partic- 
 ularly, distinctly, fully, n., (peculiar to 
 India), the country — in opposition to 
 the town. 
 
 Mufti A superior officer among Mnbammadans 
 
 whose decrees are regarded as law. 
 
 gari OfBce or duty of mufti. 
 
 Muhammad Adj. praised, name of the Arabian prophet. 
 
 Mnharram Sacred, venerable, forbidden. The name 
 
 of the first Mnhammadan month, held 
 sacred on account of the death of Husain, 
 son of All, who was killed by Yazld, 
 near Eufa. 
 
 Muhassil A tax-gatherer, a bailifl', a dun. 
 
 Muhr A gold coin. 
 
 Muhra A shell, a chessman, and generally a 
 
 counter used in any game. 
 
 Mu'jiz 
 
 ... , A miracle. 
 
 Mu'jiza 
 
 Mnkaddam Antecedent, prior, a chief, the advanced 
 
 guard. 
 
 Mukhtar Chosen, an agent, one who receives 
 
 power of attorney to act for another. 
 
 Mnkri A short poem. 
 
 Muksam An oath. 
 
 Mukt Pardon, absolution from sin, deliverance 
 
 of the soul from the body and exemption 
 from further transmigration. 
 
 Mukur , Name of the tenth zodiacal sign (Capri- 
 corn represented by a water animal 
 with the body and tail of a fish, and the 
 fore legs, neck and head of an antelope), 
 also a shark and an alligator. 
 
 Mul Origin, root, race. 
 
 Mulk A country, sovereignty. 
 
 Mnlla A schoolmaster, doctor. 
 
 Mnmin Orthodox, faithful. 
 
 Mnndaa Shaving, the first shaving of a child (a 
 
 religious ceremony with Hindus.) 
 
 Mundna To shave, to convert and make a disciple of, 
 
 6 
 
82 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Mnuh Mouth, face, countenance, presence, orifice, 
 
 respect, complaisance, power, fitness, 
 qualification, pretence, ability. 
 
 andhera Twilight, evening, dusk, obscure. 
 
 Mnuh bigarna To be displeased, to have the taste blunted 
 
 or depraved. 
 
 -Chang A Jew's harp. 
 
 — '■ zor. Headstrong, obstinate. 
 
 Mnni A holy man, a sage. 
 
 Munis A saint. 
 
 Munkir, Nakir The names of two angels, who, according 
 
 to Muhammadan creed, are supposed to 
 examine the spirits of the departed in. 
 the tomb. 
 
 Mnnkir Denying, rejecting. 
 
 Munshi A writer, secretary (among Europeans) a 
 
 teacher of the languages of India. 
 
 MnrahM A tutor, protector. 
 
 Mnrakaba Contemplation, fearing God. 
 
 Mnrat A statue, idol, picture. 
 
 Murji One of a sect who think faith without. 
 
 works is sufficient. 
 
 Mnrsal A messenger, prophet, apostle. 
 
 Mnrshid An instructor, guide (to salvation). 
 
 Mnsabbib The first cause. 
 
 Musabbibu-l-ashab The causer of causes i.e. God. 
 
 Musaflr A traveller, passenger, stranger. 
 
 -parwar-I Protection of travellers, hospitality. 
 
 Musa-i Following of Moses (Judaism). 
 
 Mnsalla A carpet to pray on, a place of prayer.. 
 
 Musalll Praying, one who prays, holy, righteous. 
 
 Mngalman A believer, a Muhammadan. 
 
 Mnsalman-i The Muhammadan religion, ( Vulg.) cir- 
 cumcision, fHind). a female Musaluiau.. 
 
 Musammam Fixed, concluded, determined. 
 
 Mnsannif A composer, an author. 
 
 Musauwir Adj. forming, figuring, S. M. a painter, 
 
 sculptor. 
 
 Mns'haf A book, page, the Kur'an. 
 
 S^nshlr A counsellor, senator. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 83 
 
 Mnshkil Difficult, hard, painful. 
 
 Musi A testator. 
 
 Muslim (Plnr. Muslimin). A Musabnau, Muhammadan. 
 
 Mut'a Taking a wife for a time, a temporary 
 
 marriage among the SM'as, use, profit. 
 Mnta^abbid Devout, religious, refractory, stubborn 
 
 (a camel), 
 Muta'addi A transgressor, a wicked wretch, an active, 
 
 transitive, or causal verb. 
 Mutawalli A superintendent, or treasurer, of a 
 
 mosque. 
 
 Muwahhid Believing in one God, orthodox. * 
 
 Muza'far . Pulao, coloured with saffron. 
 
 Mnzah A jest, joke. 
 
 Muzahamat ■. Prevention, impediment. 
 
 Mnzaraba A battle, combat. 
 
 Muzari' A husbandman. 
 
 Mnzd ^ . . . A reward, premium, salary, wages. 
 
 Muzhda Joyful tidings. 
 
 N. 
 
 Jfab A canine tooth, a tusk. 
 
 Nabard Battle, war. 
 
 Nabh The sky, ether, atmosphere. 
 
 Nabl A prophet. 
 
 Na-bina • Blind. 
 
 Nabira A grandson. 
 
 Nach Dance. 
 
 -na To dance. 
 
 nachana To make to dance, to tease. 
 
 Nach-waiya A dancer. 
 
 Jfad A sound, a song. • 
 
 Nadaha A spout, a canal. 
 
 S^adamat Repentance, contrition, regret. 
 
 ]Va-dan-T Ignorance, simplicity. 
 
 Nadhna To yoke. 
 
 If adi A river. 
 
 Nadim A companion, intimate friend. 
 
84 GLOSSABY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Sadir-1 A raritj'. 
 
 Nad karna To roar (as a tiger), to sing. 
 
 Nadua To begin. 
 
 Naf The navel, the middle. 
 
 Naf Profit, advantage, interest. 
 
 Nafa A. pod of musk. 
 
 Nafaka The necessary expenses of living. 
 
 Nafal Plunder from infidels. 
 
 Ifafar A groom, a servant. 
 
 i Service, profession, trade (particularly of 
 
 a groom), a giant, a demon. 
 
 Naf as Childbirth, the forty days of a woman 
 
 after childbirth. 
 
 Nafas The breath, respiration. 
 
 Naf as-i-baz-pasin The last breath. 
 
 Naf at Naptha, bitumen, the place whence they 
 
 are obtained, lamp-oil. 
 
 Naf i Forbidding, prohibition, annihilation, non- 
 existence. 
 
 Naf Ir A brazen trumpet. 
 
 Nafkh Blowing with the mouth, inspiring, 
 
 breathing into, sounding a horn or other 
 musical instrument. 
 
 Nafl A voluntary act of devotion which may 
 
 be omitted innocently as not being 
 prescribed, a work of supererogation. 
 
 Nag A snake. 
 
 Nagr The stone of a ring or a stone on which 
 
 a name is cut, a jewel, a mountain. 
 
 Naga A caste of Hindti th^iTS. 
 
 Ifagal A plough. 
 
 Nagan or nagin 
 
 i 
 
 „_ . _ A female serpent. 
 
 Nagani or Nagini ' '^ 
 
 Nagar A city, a town. 
 
 Nagar Name of a tribe of Gvjarati Braliinans, 
 
 hence applied to cunning or expert 
 
 persons. 
 Nagari The most common Hindi character of 
 
 writing, called Devanagarl, from its 
 
 supposed divine origin. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 85 
 
 Jfagar-I A town, or village, of or belonging to 
 
 a city. 
 
 Nag-bel Betel-leaf. 
 
 Nag-bhasha A Prakrit language said to be used by 
 
 the serpentine race who inhabit Patal. 
 Nagdanu A kind of wood, by touching which it 
 
 is said that fetters spontaneously fall off. 
 
 iNag-danna Name of a plant. (Artemisia Tulgaris). 
 
 Nagha Adjournment, respite. 
 
 Nag-kanya A race of females said to inhabit Fatal, or 
 
 the regions under the earth, and to be of 
 
 serpentine extraction but very beautiful. 
 
 — -lok The region under the earth. Fatal, (not 
 
 being accessible to the sun, it is illu- 
 minated by very resplendent jewels). 
 
 - -panchami Name of a Hindu holiday the 15th of 
 
 Sravan, snkl-paksk, on which day they 
 
 worship a snake to procure blessings 
 
 on their children. 
 
 Jfahan Bathing. 
 
 Nahana To bathe or wash. 
 
 Ifaharl Breakfast, a kind of bit or bridle. 
 
 Haharni An instrument with which the nails are 
 
 pared. 
 
 Ifahl Prohibition, an interdict. 
 
 Nahid The planet Venus. 
 
 Ifahj A road, path, manner, prescribing, giving 
 
 directions. 
 
 Ifalir A stream, rivulet, a canal (of running water). 
 
 Na'i A barber. 
 
 Nai A reed, a tube, a pipe, flute, fife, came. 
 
 Jfa'ib A deputy. 
 
 !\ai-bast Composed of reeds. 
 
 Jfa'ib-diwan Deputy treasurer or accountant. 
 
 Ifaibed Pood consecrated to the deity. 
 
 Naibi Deputyship. 
 
 Nai-eha A hukka snake (or covered pliable tube 
 
 through which the smoke is inhaled). 
 
 -band A person who makes hukka snakes. 
 
 -band-i The trade of a Nai-cha-band. 
 
86 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Ifaik. A corporal. 
 
 jfa'ira Fii'e, heat, flame, inflammation, enmity, 
 
 hatred. 
 
 Nairang Deceit, trick, evasion, magic, sorcery, a 
 
 miracle, anything new. 
 
 -saz A magician, sorcerer. 
 
 -saz-i Magic, sorcery. 
 
 Ifairit Southwest. 
 
 Naisan Name of the 7tb Syrian month, corre- 
 sponding to the Persian, Farordin, and 
 Hindi, Baisakh. Abr-i-naisan signifies 
 the rain which falls while the moon is 
 in the mansion swati, and, of which, 
 if it drop into a shell, pearls are formed, 
 but, which turns to poison if it happen 
 to fall into the mouth of a serpent. 
 
 Ifaiyir The sun, also the moon; the former 
 
 being distinguished by prefixing an 
 adjective signifying, greater. 
 
 M'iisha A canal, tube, , the urethra. 
 
 Najat Freedom, pardon, salvation. 
 
 IfajH) A hero, a volunteer, a certain class of 
 
 Indian soldiers distinguished by a pe- 
 culiar dress. 
 
 IVajibn-t-tarafaiu Noble on both sides (father and mother). 
 
 ITajisu-l-'ain Impure by nature. 
 
 Najjar A carpenter. 
 
 Najm A star, a planet, fortune, a horoscope, 
 
 calculation of. njitivity. 
 
 (Plural, unjum) Stars. 
 
 .'ilm-i-nnjtim Astrology. 
 
 Nujfim-i An astrologer. 
 
 Nak The heavens. 
 
 Nakil (h.) The extremity of a road, % lane, the eye 
 
 of a needle. 
 
 Naka (s.) An alligator. 
 
 Nakar Eefusal, denial. 
 
 Vakbat Adversity, calamity, misfortune. 
 
 Nakcharhana To be angry or displeased. 
 
 Nakd Heady money, cash. 
 
GLOSSAB.Y OF INDIAN TERMS. 87 
 
 ICakhat A star, a constellation. 
 
 Ifak'hat Perfume, odour, anything odoriferous. 
 
 Ifakhatri (from IVakhat) . . Fortunate, born under a lucky planet. 
 
 Hakhiyana To claw, to scratch. 
 
 Nakh-rekh The marks left by the nails, a scratch. 
 
 IN'akhsIiab Name of a city in Turkestan, famous for 
 
 the appearance of the moon which the 
 impostor Mnkanna' caused to ascend 
 from a pit in its, neighbourhood, during 
 the space of two months. 
 
 Nakh sikh From tip to toe, from the toe nails to 
 
 the hair on the crown of the head. 
 
 Nakhnda Captain of a ship. 
 
 Nakhun-a An instrument to strike the strings of a 
 
 guitar, &c. 
 
 Hakib A chief, leader.. 
 
 Wakir Name of an angel. See Munkir. 
 
 IS^akkatana To dishonour. 
 
 kati-hona To lose one's honour. 
 
 Jfakl A history, tale. 
 
 Ifakl-I A narrator, story-teller, fictitious, copied. 
 
 Kakrakhna To preserve one's, honour. 
 
 sakorna To turn up one's nose, to be displeased.- 
 
 Mkns , A bell in eastern Christian churches, also 
 
 a shell blown by Hindus in worship. 
 
 Nal , A tube, barrel of a gun, stalk , of the 
 
 lotus, umbilical cord. 
 
 Jfal Joint of bamboo or other hollow wood, 
 
 specially applied to the piece of bamboo, 
 on which bird-catchers put lime. 
 
 JVala (h.). A ravine, rivulet. 
 
 Nala (p.) Lamentation. 
 
 Ifali A drain. 
 
 !Nalish ., Complaint, lamentation, grqan. 
 
 Jfalish-i Complainant, plaintiff. 
 
 Malki A sort of sedan or litter used by people 
 
 of rank. 
 
 Nam Name, character, fame, reputation, honour. 
 
 Nama A letter, written treatise, (in comp.), a 
 
 book, history, account. 
 
88 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 -bar A messenger. 
 
 IN^amak Salt, spirit, animation, bread, subsistence. 
 
 "Chashi The first feeding of a child about six 
 
 months' old, when certain ceremonies are- 
 performed by a Brahman, who is feed. 
 
 -dan -A- salt-cellar. 
 
 ka hakk ada karna To discharge, one's obligations. 
 
 -khwar A servant, dependent. 
 
 mirck la^ana To give a relish to. 
 
 parwarda A domestic slave, a favourite, confidential 
 
 servant. 
 
 phnt phutke 
 
 nikalna To come out in boils. 
 
 Nama-nigar A correspondent. 
 
 Kamaskar Salutation, adoration. 
 
 Namaz Prayer (those prayers especially prescribed 
 
 by the Muliammadan law, which are said 
 five times a day, there is a dispute,, 
 however, between the Snnnis and the 
 Shi^ahs as to the number of times for 
 prayer, enjoined by the Kuran). 
 
 Nain-ba-nam After each name, per head. 
 
 — — batana To name. 
 
 cbalna. To remain (one's name). 
 
 charhana To register one's name. 
 
 dharna To name, to fix a name on. 
 
 • dharwana To give a name to a child, to be defamed.. 
 
 dnbona To lose one's reputation, to be disgraced^ 
 
 hona To be famous. 
 
 japna To tell one's beads. 
 
 karna To make famous, to establish a name. 
 
 lagana To be charged, accused. 
 
 lekar mang kbana . . To beg alms in the name of another. 
 
 lena To praise, to repeat the name of God.. 
 
 • nikalna To become celebrated to investigate. 
 
 nishan rahna To be or continue renowned. 
 
 o-nishan Name and vestige, or address. 
 
 paida karna To make a name. 
 
 nchhalna To disgrace. 
 
 nchhaluii To become a byword. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEltMS. SO" 
 
 Kana Maternal grandfather. 
 
 Nanak Name of a fakir, founder of the sect of 
 
 Sikhs. 
 
 Nand Name of the foster-father of Krishna. 
 
 Nan-kar An allowance of money or land. 
 
 Napit A barber, a surgeon. 
 
 Karad The name of a Hindu saint, son of Brahma^. 
 
 and one of the ten original Munis or 
 Ilishis. 
 
 Narayan A name of Vishnu. 
 
 Nares A sovereign. 
 
 Uariyal A cocoa-nut, a Imkka, (for smoking)' 
 
 made of a cocoa-nut. 
 
 Nar-singh or nri-singh . . The name of the fourth Avatar or incar- 
 nation of Vishnu, which happened in the 
 Satja-yuga, upon the following occasion. 
 Hiranya — Easipn, an impious prince,- 
 was enraged at his son Prahlad for 
 worshipping the Almighty, and tried 
 every means of destroying him, by poison, 
 by throwing him into fire, into the- 
 ocean, &c , yet Prahlad lived. "If your 
 God is present everywhere," said Hiranya- 
 Kasipu, "let him come from an alabaster 
 pillar", on which Nar-singha appeared, 
 with the lower part of a man and the- 
 upper part of a lion; he destroyed the- 
 father and set the son on the throne. 
 
 Ms Snuff. 
 
 !Nasah Genealogy, descent. 
 
 Ifasara A Nazarene, a christian. 
 
 Msik Devoted to God. 
 
 Sasikh A copier of a book, an amanuensis. 
 
 Jfat A name given to those who practise- 
 
 jugglery, and rope-dancing. 
 
 Mtak A kind of comedy in Sanskrit. 
 
 Ifath A master, lord, husband, affixed to proper 
 
 names especially of Jegls. 
 
 Jfath A large ring worn in the nose. 
 
 Ifati Grandson, daughter's son. 
 
■9-0 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 iNankar A servant. 
 
 IVau-ratan An ornament, con slating, of nine different 
 
 gems, worn on the arm and wrist. 
 
 Ifau-roz The day on which the sun enters Aries, 
 
 and, according to. the Persian calendar, 
 the commencement of the year. 
 
 I^ausha Abridegroom,hence,iioslia,fortunate,happy. 
 
 Uanwab A governor of a town or district. 
 
 Jfauwab-I Ueputyship, relating to a nanwab. 
 
 (Nanwab-i governmentl . . . A term applied by the Indians of Oudh 
 
 to the rule which prevailed there before 
 the annexation. . . 
 
 Navisht — Khwand Epistolary correspondence, reading and 
 
 writing. 
 
 Nawa Voice, sound, modulation, opulence, 
 
 wealth, substance. 
 
 Nawadir Miracles. 
 
 Nawakil Histories, traditions. 
 
 Ifawasa A grandson. 
 
 Nawaz A musician. 
 
 Nayak A chief, a native officer of the lowest rank. 
 
 Naz' The last breath, gasping in the agonies 
 
 of death, judicial courts, a sheriff. 
 
 Mazim A poet, a ruler. 
 
 Ifazir An inspector, an officer employed in a 
 
 judicial court. 
 
 Nazr A gift, offered to a superior, (the prac- 
 tice of giving and receiving gifts is now 
 forbidden by the Indian Government, 
 the natives, however still continue it 
 among themselves. Kajas, and others of 
 position, demand these ^.ifts . from their 
 dependants as a matter of right on the 
 occasion of birthdays, and. other iinni- 
 versaries. Poor tenants and servants are 
 obliged to give gifts (in cash), to their 
 landlords and masters, on pain of dis- 
 missal. It is a relic of feudalism that 
 presses hard on the poor and should 
 be abolished.) 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEEMS. 91 
 
 Nefa A breeches belt, the part of the drawers 
 
 through which the string runs to tie 
 them round the loins. 
 
 Neg Presents made to relatives and servants 
 
 on the occasion of marriages, &c. 
 
 Neg-i-jogI Tenants and dependants who receive 
 
 tho neg. 
 
 Nem A vow, piety, meritorious act. 
 
 Hibedan An address, petition. 
 
 Nicliawar Sacrifice, victim. 
 
 Nidhi A treasure of Kuvera, the god of riches. 
 
 Mgam Holy writ, the Vedas. 
 
 Mkah Marriage. 
 
 Mkas-i Taxes collected on goods passing out of 
 
 a town. 
 
 Milkanth A bird about the size of a jay, of blue 
 
 plumage whose note is harsh and dis- 
 cordant. Its throat is said to have been 
 stained blue from its swallowing the 
 poison produced by over-churning the 
 ocean with the mountain Maudara, by the 
 Surs and Asnrs, to procure the ainrita. 
 
 Sim A tree from which oil is extracted, and 
 
 said to possess many medicinal properties. 
 
 Mm-cliihra An imaginary being with half a face, one 
 
 arm, &c. It is male and female; the 
 male having the righthand, &c., the 
 female, the left, &c., when united they 
 resemble a human being ; when separate, 
 they are supposed to move with amazing 
 velocity on one foot, and are considered 
 as very dangerous and cruel. 
 
 Jfirankar ■ Without form (the deity). 
 
 Mr-gBBi Without passions or human qualities, (an 
 
 epithet of God). 
 
 Jfirkh The price or tariff at which articles must 
 
 be sold in the bazaars. It is fixed by 
 Government ofScials, generally the police. 
 
 Msa The female sex. 
 
 Uisbat Eelation, affinity. 
 
92 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS, 
 
 Hishan Sign, emblem, armorial bearings, standard,. 
 
 Nishast'barkhast Manners, etiquette, good breeding. 
 
 Ifistok Definitive settlement, decree. 
 
 Jfittl Small scales used by goldsmiths. 
 
 Xitya-kariua Constant practice. 
 
 Ifujum Stars. 
 
 JTnjura-i An astrologer. 
 
 Nnpnr. A hollow ring, inclosing pieces of copper^ 
 
 &c., which sound like bells when in 
 motion, worn by women on their ankles.. 
 
 Nuwab Vicegerents, governors. 
 
 Ifya'e Justice, reason, argument. 
 
 If ya'e-shastr Logic. 
 
 Nyayak A judge. 
 
 Ochha Light, of little consequence, absurd 
 
 trifling, silly, fruitless, mean. 
 
 hona To want, to be deficient. 
 
 Ochhi sangat Bad company. 
 
 Oda Wet, moist, damp. 
 
 Oghra A dish of food, so called. 
 
 Ojh Stomach, entrails. 
 
 Ojha A Brahman tribe, worshipper of a goddess^ 
 
 charmers. 
 Ojhal Privacy, retirement. 
 
 karua To conceal, to screen. 
 
 Ojhri A bag in the stomach.where food is digested. 
 
 Ok Sickness at the stomach, inclination to 
 
 vomit, a draught of water from the 
 
 hollow of the hand. 
 
 Okhli A mortar (wooden). 
 
 Okna To vomit. 
 
 01 Name of a vegetable, the root of which 
 
 is eaten, (Arum cainpannlatnin), a 
 
 hostage. 
 015 Hail, the name of a kind of sweetmeat. 
 
 - hojana To become cold. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 93 
 
 — jou sir mundaya ton 
 
 ole pare I had no sooner shaved my head than 
 
 a shower of hail came on : (spoken of 
 one who has just engaged in an enter- 
 prise which turns out unfortunate). 
 
 Ole parnS or girna To fall (hail). 
 
 -Olka or Slta Territory, dominion. 
 
 OnOh The cord with wiiich rafters or frames 
 
 for thatching on are pulled into their 
 places and fastened till the roof is finished. 
 
 •Onth The lip. 
 
 Or Origin, boundary, limit, way, side- ward. 
 
 Us or, that way, on that side, thitherward. 
 
 — nibahna To be constant to, to protect for ever. 
 
 Ora A basket, a pannier. 
 
 ■Orhna To put on (dress), a sheet, cloak, or 
 
 mantle. 
 
 ■OrhnI A smaller sheet, a veil, or woman's cloak. 
 
 Orma The name of a particular kind of sewing, 
 
 stitching together two breadths. 
 Os Dew, mist. 
 
 — par jana To fall in value, to bfi deprived of im- 
 
 portance, to become less iu demand 
 than formerly. 
 
 — parua To fall (dew), to be dull, cheerless, to 
 
 fade. 
 
 Osar A heifer. 
 
 ■Osbargr Name of a medicine. 
 
 Osisa The head of a bed, a pillow. 
 
 ■Osra Turn, vicissitude. 
 
 Ot Overplus, surplus,abateraent,convalescenc . 
 
 Ot Protection, shelter, shade, screen, covering, 
 
 concealment, partition. 
 Ota A partition wall or screen, a raised 
 
 entrance to a house. 
 Otna To defend, to screen, to shelter, to 
 
 separate the seed from the cotton, to 
 
 catch a ball. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Pa The wind, the god of the wind ( J)olng)> 
 
 (In compos :), a nourisher, a protector, 
 act of drinking. 
 
 Pa The leg, foot. 
 
 — -audaz A carpet spread at the entrance of a room 
 
 for cleaning the feet on. 
 
 — band Engaged, employed, occupied. 
 
 — -band A rope with which . the fore-feet of a 
 
 horse are tied. 
 
 -hona. To be married. 
 
 Fa-band-i The state of being bound, control. 
 
 — ba-zanjir Fettered, in chains. 
 
 — -shikasta Infirm, reduced. 
 
 Pabitr or Pavitr Pure, holy, clean, undefiled. 
 
 Pabitra A brahmanical thread, a string of silken 
 
 beads, a knotted piece of knsha grass 
 used in religious ceremonies of the 
 Hindus. 
 
 Pabitri A ring of knsha grass, (pod cynosnroides)^ 
 
 or of gold, silver, or copper, worn on 
 the ring finger and forefinger by Hindus 
 during religious worship. 
 
 Pa-bos Kissing the feet, i.e., adoring, worship- 
 ping, revering. 
 
 bona To worship, to revere, to adore. 
 
 Pa-bos-i Worship, reverence, adoration. 
 
 karna To worship, to reverence. 
 
 Fachak A digestive, stomachic, solvent, a cook. 
 
 Pachak Cowdung, dried for fuel. 
 
 Pachchhl An ally, assistant, advocate, patron, a bird. 
 
 Pachchi Adherent, joined, (in music), in union. 
 
 bona To be stuck together, as witli glue, to 
 
 be in unison, to be strongly attached 
 by love. 
 
 kari Mosaic, patchwork. 
 
 Pacbli The act of inoculating. 
 
 Pachhau West. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 95- 
 
 Pachhar A fall, the act of winnowing. 
 
 khana To fall down, to suffer pain. 
 
 Pachharna To throw down, to abase, to conquer. 
 
 PachMya'o A westerly wind. 
 
 Pachhna To inoculate. 
 
 Pachhna The act of scarifying (tattooing), inocu- 
 lation, a scarificator (name of an in- 
 strument). 
 
 Pachhtana To regret, to repent. 
 
 Pachhtawa Eegret, penitence, grief.- 
 
 Pachlsi :....... A game played with kauris (small shells). 
 
 instead of dice, and so named from the 
 highest throw, which is twenty-five. 
 
 Pachkha Six days from Awan (the coming, or first)' 
 
 to Bewatior EeTati-(the twenty- seventh 
 mansion of the moon), on which days 
 several kinds of work are unlawful. 
 
 Pach-lara Consisting of five rows, as in a chain 
 
 of pearls. 
 
 Pacli-lona .• . . . A medicine composed of five kinds of salt- 
 
 Pach-mahalla Of five stories (a -house). 
 
 Pad The foot, foot-step, step, rank, dignity,. 
 
 character, (In grammar) a word, place^ 
 station, thing. 
 
 (Bishan - for Tishnn - the 
 deity in the character of , , 
 
 , Preserver, or Titality 
 personified) — pad A particular song in the name of Vishnu.. 
 
 Padam . ............. The lotus (JfelumMum speciosnm), ten 
 
 billions (according to the shastr) : or 
 one thousand billions (according to the- 
 DastHru-l-'amal) or the Eoyal ordinances 
 of Akhar). 
 
 Padar (in Hind. yiAur) . . Father. 
 
 Padarth A rarity, a blessing, a category in logic. 
 
 Paddhat . . ; . i Manner, custom, a treatise on a particular 
 
 science, ritual, a title or titular name. 
 
 Paddi A path, a way, an alley. 
 
 Padha . A schoolmaster. 
 
 Padharna To go, to proceed, to depart, to arrive. 
 
■'96 GLOSSABY or INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Fadma The goddess of riches, Lachhml. 
 
 Fadmani The most excellent of the four classes 
 
 into which the Uindns divide their 
 women. The others are cbitrii^i, sankhini 
 and hastinl. 
 
 Padshah 
 
 A king, a sovereign. 
 Badshah 
 
 Padshah-i 1 j B-oyal, imperial, royalty, empire, reign, 
 
 Badshah-i j | sovereignty. 
 
 Padshah-zada A prince. 
 
 Pa'e (h.) A peasant residing in one village and 
 
 cultivating land belonging to another 
 village. 
 
 Pa'e (p.) The foot, the stand of a taljle, chair, &c. 
 
 band Tied by the leg, fettered, captivated, en- 
 cumbered with a family. 
 
 -dam -A- gin, snare, noose. 
 
 dar Firm, steady. 
 
 liisab lana To settle accounts. 
 
 -^ — >jama Drawers, trowsers. 
 
 khana A privy. 
 
 knban Beating the feet in dancing. 
 
 lagua To make obeisance by embracing the feet 
 
 (a token of respect paid by the Hlndns 
 to Brahmans). 
 
 mal Trampled on, ruined. 
 
 mal karoa To trample on, to destroy, to lay waste, 
 
 to ravage. 
 
 •inal-i Destruction, ravage (occasioned by an 
 
 ariny or cattle overrunning and trampling 
 on fields). 
 
 n -mardi Courage, resolution. 
 
 -takht The royal residence. 
 
 tnrab The first stage of a journey. (It is usual 
 
 to make one short stage at the com- 
 mencement of a journey, and then to 
 wait a few days to collect everything 
 necessarj'). 
 
 Pag A turban, syrup. 
 
 Pag The foot. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 97 
 
 Pag-dandl A by-path. 
 
 dandi lena To track, to trace. 
 
 -dharna To travel, to go, to leave, to depart. 
 
 Pagal A Bengali word signifying a fool, idiot, 
 
 madman. 
 
 Pagla Foolish. (This and the above, term were 
 
 formerly peculiar to Bengal and the 
 eastern parts of HindSstan; but since 
 the influx of natives of Bengal into 
 the West — especially the North-western 
 provinces and Oudh — where, from their 
 superior intelligence and capacity, they 
 fill nearly all the Government offices 
 and private banks, &c., these terms are 
 in common use in the N. W. P. and 
 Oudh, and also in the Panjab). 
 
 I'agna To be dipped in or covered with syrup, 
 
 hence to be in love. 
 
 Pagri A turban. 
 
 atakua To be obstinate, to persist or persevere. 
 
 Pah Dawn. 
 
 phatua To dawn, to grow luminous. 
 
 Pahan Width, breadth, ampleness. 
 
 Pahanana To put on, to wear, to dress, dress, 
 
 clothing. 
 
 Pahanawa Clothing, di-ess. 
 
 Pahar A mountain. 
 
 SI raten Long nights (especially, of sorrow). 
 
 Pahar A division of time consisting of eight 
 
 gharis,. a watch, or 3 hours. 
 
 Pahara The multiplication table (in arithmetic^. 
 
 Pahar-i A hill, a small mountain. 
 
 Pahariya Belonging to, or of a mountain, a moun- 
 taineer. 
 
 Pai The foot. 
 
 ana To have a splint (a horse). 
 
 karna To plague, to be importunate. 
 
 Pai A fault. 
 
 Paida Born, created, produced, exhibited, dis- 
 covered, invented. 
 
 7 
 
98 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Paida bona To be born, to be created, to be found,. 
 
 to be produced. 
 
 ish Birth, creation, production, earnings, 
 
 produce, profit. 
 
 karna To discover, to produce, to find, to obtain,. 
 
 to get, to earn, to invent, to procilre. 
 
 Paida-war Produce of a field, fruit, profit of trade. 
 
 Paidal On foot, infantiy. 
 
 Paighama-paighami Mutual messages, mediation, correspond- 
 ence. 
 
 Paigham-bar A messenger, prophet. 
 
 Paighainbar-i Mission. 
 
 Pay A vow, a promise. 
 
 karua To make a vow. 
 
 Paik A courier, a messenger. 
 
 Paikar War, battle, contest. (Hind.) A pedlar. 
 
 Paikar Pace, countenance, visage, form, appearance,. 
 
 a portrait, a likeness. 
 
 Pai-karha 1 J Iron chains on a culprits legs, ornamental 
 
 Pai-kari j | rings wora on the ankles. 
 
 Paila A vessel for measuring grain. 
 
 Paima f/ra compos:) Measuring, a measurer. 
 
 Paima-ish . . . , Measure. 
 
 Paiman A promise, agreement, confirmation, 
 
 security, an oath, asseveration, conven- 
 tion, compact. 
 
 Painiana A goblet, a certain dry measure. 
 
 umr ka bharna. To fill up the measure of one's age, to 
 
 die, or kill. 
 
 Paina A goad, sharp. 
 
 Painana To sharpen. 
 
 Paincha Eeturn, retribution, a loan, repayment 
 
 of a loan. 
 
 Paincbna To winnow. 
 
 Painda A road, highway, path. 
 
 marna To stop a road, to rob in the road. 
 
 Paiwand Junction, conjunction, connection, rela- 
 tionship, a joint, a patch, graft, bud. 
 
 kar A patcher. 
 
 -kar-i Patching, cobbling. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 99 
 
 Faitrast Junction, connection, friendship, joined, 
 
 a-gi Contiguity, connection, attachment. 
 
 Pak Pure, clean, holy. 
 
 Pakar 1 I The citron-leaved Indian fig-tree. (Ficus 
 
 Pakariya ) ( Tenosa). 
 
 Pak-baz Undefiled (mind), honest. 
 
 Pak-Mz-i Purity. 
 
 Pakha A shed. 
 
 Pakhal , A large leather bag, for holding water, 
 
 generally carried on buUocts. 
 Pakhand or pashaud .... Wickedness, deceit, hypocrisy, heresy. 
 Pal A sail, a small tent, layers of straw or 
 
 leaves, between which mangos are placed 
 
 to ripen. 
 Pal A moment, the 60th part of a gharl or 
 
 dand (2| pais being equal to one minute). 
 
 marte Immediately, instantly, in the twinkling 
 
 of an eye. 
 
 -ot. For an instant. 
 
 Pais A spoon or ladle for taking out oil, &c. 
 
 Pala Prost, snow, trust, charge, a , heap of 
 
 earth made by children to separate the 
 
 two parties in a game called kabaddl. 
 Palak A kind of greens resembling spinach, a 
 
 bed-stead, a watchman, preserver. 
 
 putr An adopted son. 
 
 Pa-lakri Blocks of wood placed under the feet 
 
 of a bed-stead to raise it, generally at 
 
 the head. 
 
 Palau Packsaddles. 
 
 Palang A tiger, panther, leopard. 
 
 Palangr A bed (without curtains), a bedstead. 
 
 -posh A coverlet, counterpane. 
 
 Palantha Pirst-born. 
 
 Palethan Dry flour laid under and over bread 
 
 when it is rolled. 
 
 nikalna To beat severely. 
 
 pakaua To contrive the ruin of any one. 
 
 Pale'o Soup, pounded rice or flour put into 
 
 soup to thicken it. 
 
100 GtOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Pale A field of melons. 
 
 Palki A litter, a sedan. 
 
 -nishin Entitled to be carried in a palki. (For- 
 merly this privilege was granted by a 
 king or viceroy). 
 
 Palki-sawar One who rides in a palki. 
 
 Palna To be reared, nourished or fattened, to 
 
 thrive. 
 
 Pan (s.) An aggregate number consisting of twenty 
 
 gan^as (a ganda ^ 4 kauris) or eighty 
 kauris, and 16 pans make a kahan). 
 
 Pan (h.) A termination affixed to nouns, answering 
 
 to the English terminations ship, hood, 
 ness, as larak-pan, childhood, banya- 
 pan, the business of a banya. 
 
 Pan Betel-leaf. 
 
 — -snpari (betel-nut) The name given to a mixture of betel- 
 nut broken fine, spices, and lime, &c., 
 offered to visitors to chew. 
 
 Fana To get, acquire, find, reach, overtake. 
 
 Panch ..■ Five, a councLl, an assembly, a meeting, 
 
 arbitrators. 
 
 — — -palav The branches of five trees which are used 
 
 in religious ceremonies. 
 
 patr A kind of vessel used by Hindus during 
 
 worship. 
 
 piriya Any person, Hindu or other, who worships 
 
 the five pirs or saints of tr.e Musalmans, 
 a caste of Halalkhors. 
 
 Panchagni Five fires, a posture of Jogis. 
 
 Panchakki A watermill. 
 
 Pancham Fifth, name of a rag and of a sur or 
 
 musical note. 
 
 Panchanan A name of Siva, a lion. 
 
 Pancliayat A meeting of any particular society (gen- 
 erally as a court of inquiry), a jury, 
 an inquest. A panchayat assembles to 
 determine whether for a particular fault 
 a man is to be turned out of caste. 
 
 Pii^ Advice, admonition. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 101 
 
 Pand-go Adviser, monitor. 
 
 Panda^ A priest who presides at the temple of 
 
 an idol. 
 
 Pan-dan A box for holding betel and other in- 
 gredients for chewing. 
 
 Pandar A descendand of Raja Pandu. 
 
 _ • \ A title of Brahmans, a schoolmaster. 
 
 Panre J 
 
 Pandit . Wise, learned, a learned Brahman. 
 
 Pandita'i The learning of a Brahman, learning. 
 
 Pandit-khana A prison. 
 
 Pandiyayan The wife of a Pande. 
 
 Panga Culinary salt obtained by a process from 
 
 sea sand. 
 
 Panghat A passage to a river, steps from which 
 
 water is drawn. 
 
 Panhara A man who carries water in pots oa his head. 
 
 Panhari A woman. 
 
 Pani Water, lustre. 
 
 bharna To confess inferiority. 
 
 ka balhnla (A bubble of water), instability. 
 
 karna To abash, facilitate. 
 
 marna To dry up, to be evaporated. 
 
 — — men ag lagana To revive a contention which had subsided. 
 
 na maugna To be slain by a single stroke of a sword, 
 
 and to die instantly. 
 
 parna . . To rain. 
 
 Paniha Anything living in water, a water snake. 
 
 Panir Cheese. 
 
 maya Eunnet. 
 
 Paniyana To irrigate, to water. 
 
 Panj Five. 
 
 'aib-i-shar'i' Very vicious, having five vices, (1 ) Robbery, 
 
 (2) Adultery, (3) Gaming, (4) Drunk- 
 enness, (5) Falsehood. 
 
 ayat The five chapters of the Knr'an, which 
 
 are read during the mourning of a 
 Mnsalman. 
 
 tan-i-pak Five holy persons, ( I . Muhammad, 2. 'AIT, 
 
 3. Fatima, 4. Hasan, 5. Hnsain). 
 
102 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Paiija A hand with the five fingers extended, 
 
 claw, clutch, grasp. 
 -kasli-kash A iron instrument resembling a hand, 
 
 with which wrestlers exercise themselves 
 
 by locking their fingers into those of 
 
 the instrument. 
 
 Fanja-ab A country so called from its 5 rivers. 
 
 Panni Tinfoil, name of a tribe of Pathans. 
 
 Pant or panti A row, a line of writing, a rank of soldiers. 
 
 Pantar A desert field. 
 
 PauTT Leg, foot. 
 
 barbana To take the lead among one's equals. 
 
 bhar jana Numbness, sleeping of the feet. 
 
 dalna To prepare for and commence an under- 
 
 taking. 
 
 dho dho pma To drink the water with which one's feet 
 
 are washed — a phrase denoting perfect 
 confidence. 
 
 lagna To make obeisance. 
 
 nikalna To exceed one's proper limits. 
 
 ra^arna To go about foolishly and unprofitably, 
 
 to be in the agonies of death. 
 
 Pa'o A quarter, a fourth part. 
 
 Pap Sin, fault, crime. 
 
 Papaiya A sort of child's whistle, name of a tree 
 
 and of its fruit (the papaw tree, Carica 
 
 papaya), much used medicinally. 
 
 Pap-i A sinner, a criminal. 
 
 Pa-posh A slipper. 
 
 Par The opposite bank or shore, over, across, 
 
 through, beyond. 
 karna To fen-y over, to cross, to finish, to 
 
 transfix, to relieve, to carry oif. 
 
 Par (s.) Distant, remote, strange. 
 
 des Abroad, foreign. 
 
 Par (p.) A feather, quill, wing. 
 
 girana To prepare to fly. 
 
 ■nikaluii To display, on acquiring power, those 
 
 qualities which remained concealed in 
 
 poverty or a low station. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 103 
 
 Par A scaffold. 
 
 Para Quicksilver, mercury. 
 
 Para A strap, piece, fragment. 
 
 Para-doz A tent-maker, or one who applies the 
 
 leather parts in tents and pardas. 
 
 Para A quarter of a town, a ward. 
 
 Para A company, a body of troops. 
 
 Parab A festival, holiday, anniversary. 
 
 Parachit A fine or penance imposed on religious 
 
 occasions as the price of absolution, 
 
 atonement, expiation. 
 
 Parachna To be made acquainted, to be introduced. 
 
 Parachna To move a lamp over the heads of a bride 
 
 and bridegroom to drive away evil 
 
 spirits. 
 
 Parah Flight, a general emigration. 
 
 Parakh' Inspection, examination, trial, proof. 
 
 Parakh-na To inspect, examine, prove. 
 
 Parana To lay down, to put to sleep, to cull, to 
 
 gather. 
 
 Paras The philosopher's stone, Persian. 
 
 Parashn An offensive weapon resembling a hatchet. 
 
 Parasna To worship. 
 
 Parasua To touch. 
 
 Parast (worshipper) atash 
 
 (Are). Atash-parast A fire- worshipper, Gruebre, or follower 
 
 of Zoroaster, a Parsl. 
 
 Parastar An adorer, a slave. 
 
 Parast-i (In compos : only), worship, adoration. 
 
 Parastish Worship, devotion 
 
 gah Place of worship. 
 
 Parat A fold, layer, crust, stratum. 
 
 Parat 
 
 A large plate. 
 
 Parati | ® ^ 
 
 Paraya Strange, foreign, belonging to another. 
 
 Parayan The act of reading a Puraii continually 
 
 without expressing its meaning. 
 
 Par-bas Depending on the will of another, precious. 
 
 Parbat A mountain. 
 
 Parbat-i A mountaineer. 
 
104! GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Parcha Demonstration, proof, trial. 
 
 Parcha A bit, scrap. 
 
 Parcham A flag or military ensign of horse-hair, 
 
 an ornament of hair carried on a spear, 
 a flag, a tassel. 
 
 Parchha-iii Image, shadow, shade. 
 
 . apni SB bhagna To be frightened at one's own shadow. 
 
 Parda A curtain, a screen, secrecy, privacy, 
 
 modesty, a musical tone. 
 
 chhorna To let fall a curtain. 
 
 dar Confidential. 
 
 • dar A betrayer of secrets. 
 
 nisMn Eemaining behind the curtain — applied 
 
 to women in India, who are inyisible 
 to men — except their husbands. 
 
 Pardes-i Foreigner, stranger. 
 
 Parekha Eepentance, regret. 
 
 Pareshan Dispersed, perplexed, confused, ruined, 
 
 distressed, wretched. 
 
 dil-i Trouble of mind. 
 
 go-i Confused or absurd talk. 
 
 ■ --hal Distressed in condition. 
 
 kahna To talk foolishly from absence of mind» 
 
 Pargar A pair of compasses. 
 
 Parka A hog-deer (Cerrns porcinns). 
 
 Parka Bead, learned. 
 
 -guna A learned, experienced man. 
 
 Parkan The ac t af reading. 
 
 Parkana To cause or teach to read, to instruct, 
 
 to teach, to teach to speak or sing (as 
 birds). 
 
 Parbaut A reading, science, magic. 
 
 Parkez Abstinence, forbearance, continence, control 
 
 of the passions. 
 
 Parkez-gar Abstinent. 
 
 Parkez-gar-i Abstinence, temperance. 
 
 Parkez karua To control one's passions, to be temperate. 
 
 Pari A fairy. 
 
 Pari-khwan A. magician to whom fairies and genii 
 
 are subject. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 105 
 
 Parj Name of a musical mode , or raginiy 
 
 handle of a shield. 
 
 -dar Basket-hilted (a scimitar). 
 
 Parja A subject, tenant, renter. 
 
 Parja'e Order, method, custom, manner, place^ 
 
 room. 
 
 Parjank A bed-stead. 
 
 Parjatau Travelling. 
 
 Parjawat Quit-rent, tax. 
 
 Parkas or Pra-kas Light, splendour, revelation, appearance 
 
 apparent, conspicuous, illumined. 
 
 Parkha'i The act of examining, the price paid for 
 
 examination, inspection, trial or proof. 
 
 Parkhana To cause to inspect, examine, tiy or prove. 
 
 Parkhl An examiner, a discriminator. 
 
 Parlai A general destruction, such as the flood 
 
 or resurrection, vexation, fatigue, disgust.. 
 Parman 1 I Quantity, authority, proof, example, detail, 
 
 Pra-mau j ( authentic, real, approved of. , 
 
 ■ charhna To rise to a high rank. 
 
 Parmiln A kind of dance. 
 
 Parna Breaking a fast, to finish, to accomplish. 
 
 ^^^_ f i A gutter, drain, conduit. 
 
 Pranali | 
 
 i'arnam i Salutation, adoration. 
 
 Pra-nam 
 
 Parnana A great grandfather by the mother's side^ 
 
 Parniyan' A kind of fine painted silk. 
 
 Paroha A bucket for drawing water with. 
 
 Parohan Carriage, vehicle, appliance for transpor- 
 tation. 
 
 Paropakari Acting for others, preferring their interest 
 
 to one's own, benificent, hospitable. 
 
 Paros Neighbourhood. 
 
 Parosi A male neighbour. 
 
 Parosin A female neighbour. 
 
 Par-paith Duplicate of a bill of exchange. 
 
 Parpanch Delusion, fraud, imposition, deceit, artifice, 
 
 treachery. 
 
 Parpanch-i Insidious, fraudulent, artful. 
 
106 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS, 
 
 Pars Persia. 
 
 Parsa Abstemious, chaste, watchful. 
 
 Par-sal Last year, 
 
 Parsan 1 ,-, • i • j 
 
 > Gracious, kind. 
 
 Prasann j 
 
 Parsan Asking, inquiring, inquisitive, inquirer. 
 
 Parsi A Persian, the Persian language. 
 
 ParsI A follower of Zoroaster. 
 
 Parson The day before yesterday, the day after 
 
 to-morrow. 
 
 Parsnram The sixth Ayatar, or incarnation of 
 
 Vislmn; febled by the Brahmans to 
 have destroyed the Kshatriyas. The' 
 Brahmans say that he extirpated the 
 Kshatriyas, and that there have been 
 none since. 
 
 Parwa 1 [ Care, concern, anxiety, fear, terror, in- 
 
 Parwah ) | clination, affection, desire, rest, quiet. 
 
 Parwan The yard of a sail. 
 
 charhna To grow up (a phrase peculiar to women). 
 
 Parwana. An order, a pass, a license, leave, command, 
 
 a precept, a warrant. 
 
 kisi ka hona. . To be desperately in love with any one. 
 
 Parwana-gi Command, order, permission. 
 
 Parwana-jat Orders, licenses, passes. 
 
 Parwar C^.) A patron, protector, cherisher, educated, 
 
 cherished (used in compos: as gharlh- 
 parwar, cherisher of the poor, ^ya- 
 parwar, educated in the shade, or at 
 home, soft, delicate, knowing little of 
 the world.) 
 
 Parwar (p.) Name of a kind of gourd (Tricosanthes 
 
 dioica.) 
 
 Parward 
 
 „ , , Bred, reared, brought up, nourished, a slave. 
 
 Parwarda J ^ 
 
 Parwardi-gar A epithet of the deity, nourisher of all. 
 
 Parwarish Breeding, nourishment, maintenance, fos- 
 tering, rearing, patronising, education, 
 protection. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEH.MS. '107 
 
 Parwati (Daughter of a mountain), Durga, the 
 
 wife of Siva. 
 Parwiz A prince, the lover of SMrin (the mistress 
 
 of Farhad, a celebrated Persian statuary, 
 
 who, to please Shirin, dug through an 
 
 immense mountain), celebrated in romance. 
 
 Pas (h.) A rope, a noose, at the side, near, about, at. 
 
 Pas (p.) Guarding, taking care, respect, observance, 
 
 sake, a watch or term of three hoars. 
 
 i-khatir Attention to one's wishes. 
 
 Pas After, behind, at length, their, therefore, 
 
 finally. 
 -andaz Savings, something laid up to provide 
 
 for old age or want of employment. 
 
 Pasa A die. 
 
 Pasa Two handfuls, as much as can be held 
 
 in two hands open. 
 
 Fasana To skim, to pour off superfluous water. 
 
 Pasand Choice, approbation. 
 
 Pasandida Chosen, approved of, agreed to. 
 
 Pa-sang A make weight, something placed in one 
 
 scale to balance the other, or something 
 
 placed on one side of a load as an equipoise 
 
 to the other 
 
 Pasara Expansion, the act of spreading out. 
 
 karna To procrastinate and find obstacles to an 
 
 easy matter. 
 Pasari 
 
 . . One who sells spices. 
 
 Pansarl ' 
 
 Pasarna To spread, distend, stretch out, expand. 
 
 Pas-ban A sentinel, a watch, a guard, a shepherd. 
 
 Pas-ban-i Watch, guard, protection, keeping. 
 
 Pas-dar-i Watching, guardianship. 
 
 Pase (plur.) Dice. 
 
 I f Perspiration, sweat. (Pasina is most com- 
 
 Pasevha ( J , ,, 
 
 monlv used). 
 
 Pasina > \ ^ ' 
 
 Pash Sprinkling, scattered. 
 
 Pasheman Penitent, ashamed, abashed, disgraced. 
 
 Pasheman-i Repentance, regret, shame. 
 
108 GLOSSAEY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Pashi A kind of wild, rice growing in shallow 
 
 ponds. 
 Pashm Wool, hair, a thing of no moment. 
 
 na nkharna To suffer nothing from the enmity of 
 
 another, not a hair of the head to be 
 touched. (Spoken in great contempt of 
 an adversary). 
 
 „ , _ I Woollen. 
 
 Pashm-in I 
 
 Pashm-ina Woollen goods. 
 
 Fashna The heel. 
 
 Pa-shoya Washing of the feet. 
 
 Pat A leaf, an ornament worn in the upper part 
 
 of the ear, a draft or cheque on a banker. 
 
 Patou-a-Iagna (A phrase, when applied to trees, which 
 
 indicates the fall of their leaves in autumn, 
 metaphorically, the phrase signifies that 
 one's power or ability is exhausted, and 
 this expression is often applied to patience 
 exhausted by the scorn of a beloved 
 person, or to a destitute condition from 
 adverse fortune). 
 
 Pat (s.J Silk^ a mill-stone, a board, shutter, plank, 
 
 flap, seat, throne, a plank on which 
 washermen beat clothes. 
 
 Pat fh.J Breadth of cloth or of a river, tow. 
 
 F*t A shutter, valve of a folding door, a 
 
 sound, upside down. 
 
 I"**^ A sign, mark, symptom, hint, direction, 
 
 address or place, to which one is directed. 
 
 P*t* A plank on which washermen beat clothes. 
 
 Pa-taba A sock. 
 
 Pateit A cudgeller. 
 
 Fatal. . . . ; Regions, according to the Hindus, under 
 
 the earth or towards the south-pole in- 
 habited by a serpentine race, the infernal 
 regions, hell. 
 
 PStal Rose or pink colour. 
 
 Pat-ambar Silk cloth. 
 
 PStan A roof, name of a city. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 109 
 
 Patan Eoofing. 
 
 Patapar Name of a fruit. 
 
 Patapat The sound of beating or of the falling 
 
 of drops of rain, 
 Pati God, name, honour, character,' a lord, 
 
 master, husband. 
 Patka A. cloth worn round the waist, a girdle. 
 
 bandhua To determine on, or prepare for any act. 
 
 pakarna To hinder, to obstruct. 
 
 (zari-patka) The golden girdle (an ensign conferred 
 
 by the Peshwa on generals who are 
 
 invested by him with authority). 
 
 Pat-rant A queen, a princess. 
 
 Pat-sal A college, a school. 
 
 Pecli Twist, revolution, a coil, plait, screw, 
 
 perplexity, difficulty, trouble, deceit, 
 
 complication. 
 
 bandhna To grapple in wrestling. 
 
 chalna To prevail by stratagem. 
 
 chnnna To bind by twists of a turban with care. 
 
 dalna To throw obstacles in the way. 
 
 -dar Twisted, coiled, crooked, intricate. 
 
 -dar-pecli Coil within coil, entangled. 
 
 dena To circumvent, to deceive. 
 
 karna To deceive, trick, complicate. 
 
 khana To coil, to be perplexed, to fall into 
 
 difficulties, to sustain a loss. 
 
 kholna To untwist, unscrew. 
 
 ■ lena To meet, to embrace. 
 
 nkliarna To loosen the twist of anything. 
 
 nthana To suffer loss or distress. 
 
 Pecha An owl. 
 
 Pechak A ball, skein or clue of thread. 
 
 Pech-ida' Twisted. 
 
 Pech-ida-gl Twisting, contortion, winding. 
 
 Pekhna To see. 
 
 Pekhna Play, farce, sham, comedy. 
 
 Pekhniya A player, an actor. 
 
 Pela Fault, oppression, a prop, a support. 
 
 Pel marna To shove, to push. 
 
110 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Pelna To shove, push, stuff, cram, express, 
 
 squeeze out. 
 
 Pel-pal Shoving, pushing. 
 
 Pelu A wrestler. 
 
 Pem Love, friendship. 
 
 Pend or paind Pace, step, a rising ground, an eminence. 
 
 Peng' The exertion made by people in a swing,, 
 
 when two persons keep the swing in 
 
 motion without external assistance. 
 
 Pen . . T Sharp. 
 
 Per A tree, plant. 
 
 lagana To plant trees. 
 
 Pesh Promoted, advanced, respected, confided 
 
 in, possessing influence, before, front, 
 
 the vowel point ('). 
 
 amad Access, admittance. 
 
 ana To treat, to behave, to negotiate. 
 
 l)and A belt passing over a horse's breast to 
 
 prevent the saddle from slipping off. 
 
 -bandi Foresight, timely preparation. 
 
 bin Prudent, provident, wise. 
 
 dast Surpassing, one who excels. 
 
 dast-i Excelling, surpassing, aggression. 
 
 jana To go forth. 
 
 kabz A kind of dagger. 
 
 kadaiu-i Outstripping, alertness, activity. 
 
 -khaima A tent or other bagage sent on before. 
 
 -namaz He that precedes in prayer, tlie priest. 
 
 -nigah Take care ! 
 
 nihad Custom, regulation, habit, example, model, 
 
 profession. 
 — —raft Making impression, successful, efficient, 
 
 effectual. 
 
 -ras Early fruit, grain, crops. 
 
 ran A precursor, leader, an advanced guard. 
 
 -rau-i Act of preceding. 
 
 Pesha Trade, profession, custom, habit, practice. 
 
 -war An artificer. 
 
 Peshaul The forehead, brow. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS. Hi 
 
 Peshaur, properly 
 
 Pesh-awar Name of a city built by Akbar, the- 
 
 word imports "an advanced post", as 
 it is the next town to the Afghans. 
 
 Peshanr-i A kind of slipper made in Feslianr, a 
 
 kind of rice. 
 
 Pesh-gah The foremost place, a portico. 
 
 Peshgi An advance of money. 
 
 Pesh-i An advance, precedency, superior rank. 
 
 Pesh-in Anterior, ancient, former, the afternoon.. 
 
 Pesh-karl A deputy, agent, assistant, minister, 
 
 manager. 
 
 Pesh'kar-i Deputy-ship. 
 
 Pesh-kash A present, a tribute. 
 
 Pesh-tar Before, prior, formerly, heretofore. 
 
 Peshwa A leader, guide, title of the Maharatta 
 
 minister. 
 
 lena To meet and to receive a friend or visiter. 
 
 Peshwa-i The meeting and conducting a guest or 
 
 visiter, the duty of chief priest, guidance. 
 
 Peshwaz A gown, a female dress. 
 
 Pet The belly, the womb, pregnancy, the bore 
 
 of a gun, cavity, capacity. 
 
 bandhna To eat less tiian one's appetite demands .. 
 
 barhana To eat voraciously, to encroach on the 
 
 share or rights of another. 
 
 bhar Bellyful. 
 
 bharna To fill one's belly, to be satisfied. 
 
 dikhana To complain of poverty and hunger (lii 
 
 to show one's belly; to do so, and at 
 the same time, tap it with the hand is a 
 usage among certain beggars in the East). 
 
 Pet ka dukh dena To starve. 
 
 katna To pinch one's belly, to starve one's self. 
 
 jjl aff . . Maternal affection. 
 
 ki bateii Bosom secrets. 
 
 lag ralina To be very hungry. 
 
 marna To commit suicide. 
 
 mgj paithna To worm one's self into the secrets of 
 
 another, to become intimate. 
 
112 GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Pet-1 A belly-band, a girth, a portmanteau, a 
 
 box, a tumbril, the thorax, chest. 
 
 Petiya A pension, daily food. 
 
 Pewakkar 1 
 
 Piwakka; / A tippler, a toper. 
 
 Pezna A sieve. 
 
 } Embellishment, ornament, dress. 
 
 Phaban J 
 
 Fhabakna , To shoot forth, as a plant. 
 
 Phabna To become, to fit. 
 
 Phag Eed powder, sprinkled in the time of the 
 
 Holi, the act of throwing coloured 
 powders in the Holi, the gambols of 
 the Holi. 
 
 Phagu'a The hoK, presents made during that time. 
 
 Phagnn 
 
 I 
 
 The name of the 11th month. 
 
 Phalgnn 
 
 Phakkar Wrangling, mutual abuse, raillery. 
 
 baz An abuser, an indecent chatterer. 
 
 Phakoriya A fop, an absurd prattler, an indecent 
 
 talker. 
 
 Phakoriyat Absurdity. 
 
 Phakri The act of treating with rudeness. 
 
 Phal Fruit, effect, advantage, children, progeny. 
 
 -dar li'ruitful, the iron head of a spear or 
 
 arrow, blade of a sword. 
 
 pana To reap the fruit of good or bad actions. 
 
 phalari Fruits of various kinds. 
 
 Phalana To cause to produce. 
 
 Phalas A step, stride. 
 
 Phali CsJ A shield. 
 
 Phali 1 w , ( ^ po<l of any leguminous plant, especially 
 
 Phaliya | | of peas, a loop. 
 
 kash A hook for drawing the strings through 
 
 the holes by which the walls of a tent 
 
 are laced to the top. 
 
 PJianda A noose, a net, perplexity, difficulty. 
 
 Phandaua To cause to jump or leap over. 
 
 Phandna To be imprisoned. 
 
 Pliaiiga A grasshopper. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. H^ 
 
 Plianka The quantity of food, gathered by the 
 
 fingers, that can be thrown into the 
 
 mouth to be eaten. 
 . mama To eat by chucking food into the mouth, 
 
 to chuck food into the mouth. 
 
 p]ia,j^g A noose, a slip-knot. 
 
 lagana To catch in a noose. 
 
 Phansa'o Entanglement. 
 
 pjj^jf^gj A noose, loop, strangulation. 
 
 dena To hang, to strangle. 
 
 lagana '^° '=°'ii™it suicide. 
 
 Phausna ^ footpad who strangles passengers or 
 
 travellers. 
 
 Phausna '^° noose, to ensnare, to entrap. 
 
 Phauswana. . . . . . . ..... ^o be entangled, to stick, to be involved, 
 
 or entrapped, to be caught, 
 , _, A small quantity given over and above 
 
 that purchased. 
 
 ^, _, _ A mattock, spade, hoe. 
 
 Pha'ora ^ , 
 
 ■_ A crutch on which a jogi leans, a piece 
 
 Pha'ori 
 
 of wood with a support at each end, 
 
 held in both hands, horizontally, in 
 
 performing the exercise of dand, which 
 
 consists in placing the hands on the 
 
 ground and then bending down so as 
 
 almost to touch the earth with the breast. 
 
 One who thus exercises himself, called 
 
 dand-pel, will, if expert, raise himself 
 
 to an upright position, without again 
 
 touching the ground, an instrument like 
 
 a small rake or hoe for removing a 
 
 horse's , dung. 
 
 phar A gaming-house where dice are played, 
 
 also the table used — if any, a place where 
 goods are exposed for sale, the shafts 
 or pole of a carriage. 
 
 baz A player at dice, a gambler, a prater, a 
 
 talkative fellow. 
 
 Ibazi • . Playing at dice, gambling. 
 
 'Pharak fluttering, vibrating, throbbing. 
 
 8 
 
114 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Fharakna To flutter, io vibrate convulsively, to throb^ 
 
 to writhe the shoulders. 
 Phariya A pedlar, retailer, one who keeps a. 
 
 gambling-house. 
 
 Pharsa A pick-axe, or other instrument for digging.. 
 
 Phasana To cause to stiek-as in mud-, to entangle, 
 
 to catch, to cause to be imprisoned,. 
 
 to squash. 
 
 Phata A crack. 
 
 Phate men panw dena. . . To interfere in anything. 
 
 Phatak A gate, a large, door, stocks, arrest, the- 
 
 bar of a court of justice. 
 
 band! Custody, imprisonment. 
 
 Phatakha A cracker (firework). 
 
 Phatakna To winnow, to dust, to be separated. 
 
 Phatki A fowler's net, a large cage, a rope tied 
 
 to a tree to frighten birds with its sounds .. 
 Phen 
 
 jna J 
 
 .„, _ , Foam, froth, 
 
 Phena 
 
 Phen-i A kind of sweetmeat. 
 
 Phenk Throw, cast. 
 
 dena' To throw away. 
 
 Phenkna To throw, to fling, to dart. 
 
 Phent or phaint Waist-band, fob. 
 
 Phent^ A small turban. 
 
 Pher Turning, maze, curvature, twisting, cir- 
 cumference, equivocation, ambiguity, 
 difficulty, distance, again, back. 
 
 dena To return. 
 
 parna To differ. 
 
 Pheri-waia A pedlar. 
 
 Phet The waist when bound with a belt. 
 
 Pheta A small turban, a waist-band without 
 
 a fringe. 
 
 Phik The point of a whip or scourge. 
 
 Phlkii "Weak, vapid, tasteless, pale, sallow, light 
 
 in colour. 
 
 Phir or phlri Again, then. 
 
 Phirki A whirligig, anything turning, as on an. 
 
 axis. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 115 
 
 Phirna To turn, return, walk about, wbirl, wheel, 
 
 wander. 
 
 Phirta Returning, premium, brokerage. 
 
 Phisalna To slip, to slide, to err. 
 
 Phitkar Curse, malediction, removing something 
 
 to a distance. 
 
 Phitkarna To curse. 
 
 Phitkari or pMtkiri Alum. 
 
 Phonk The notch of an arrow, hollow, not solid 
 
 (particularly, jewels), 
 PhoipM A pipe, a tube, anything perforated or 
 
 hollow. 
 
 Phora A boil, sore. 
 
 Phorna To break, burst. 
 
 Phn'a Father's sister, a lizard. 
 
 Phudakna To jump, to leap, to hop (applied to 
 
 small birds), to dance about in token 
 
 of delight. 
 
 Phndki The name of a bird, (Certhia tula). 
 
 Phiiha A fictitious teat by which milk is given 
 
 to a calf or kid unable to suck the 
 
 mother. 
 Phuhar Undisciplined, uneducated, stupid, obscene, 
 
 rude (applied to women), a bad house- 
 wife, a slut or slattern. 
 
 -pan or -pana Stupidity. 
 
 PhuM Small rain. 
 
 PhSiyau Drizzling. 
 
 Phiikar A fine, sensible young fellow. 
 
 Phnkna To blow. 
 
 Phnkni A blow-pipe. 
 
 phnl A flower, a blossom, a swelling, a kind 
 
 of bell metal, a ceremony, the charred 
 
 bones of a burnt body, a kind of drink 
 
 for the dead. 
 
 dar Having flowers. 
 
 jana To swell, to be delighted, to be pleased, 
 
 to become fat. 
 
 jharna To speak eloquently. 
 
 •kol)i A cauliflower. 
 
116 GLOSSAllY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 ^^-snngh te ralina .... To live in the fragrance of flowers, to 
 
 eat very little, 
 
 PMla Swelled, blossomed. 
 
 na-saniaua Not to be able to contain one's self from 
 
 delight, to be overjoyed. 
 
 Phulna To blossom, flower, be pleased, bepufl^edup. 
 
 Phulou ka gahna Flower wreaths or garlands. 
 
 ki chhari A thin stick wrapped round with flowers. 
 
 Fhnnk Act of blowing, a puff, blowing up fire. 
 
 den^ To set on fire. 
 
 phunk-ke paiiw 
 
 dharna To act or walk carefully and cautiously. 
 
 Phnnsi A pimple. 
 
 PhSpha Father's sister's husband. 
 
 PMpM Father's sister. 
 
 Phur True, right. 
 
 Phnrt or phnrti Activity, quickness. 
 
 karna To make haste. 
 
 Phus Old dry grass or stranw. 
 
 ■ ineu chingari dalna. To excite contention or strife. 
 
 Phnsahinda Disgusting, stinking. 
 
 Phuska Weak, without strength, slack (as a knot). 
 
 Phnslana To coax, wheedle, cajole, flatter, decoy, 
 
 entice. 
 Phut A kind of melon {Cncumis momordlca), 
 
 odd, unpaired, difference of opinion, 
 
 separation, a flaw. 
 
 parna To arise (dissension). 
 
 hona To be divided in opinion. 
 
 kar rona To weep excessively. 
 
 Phuta Broken. 
 
 Phiitan Wrangling, disagrement, misunderstanding. 
 
 Phiit-i Disagreement, disparity. 
 
 PhStkar Ketail. 
 
 Phutkl A blot, spot, stain. 
 
 Phutna To be broken, to be broken into or 
 
 broken down, to be dispersed, to burst, 
 to be made public, to arise or burst 
 forth (as a smell). 
 
 Pi Beloved, a lover, husband. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDrAN TEEMS. 117 
 
 PTb Pus, matter, corruption. 
 
 Pibiyana To suppurate. 
 
 PIchh Rice-water, rice-gruel. 
 
 PIchha Tlie hinder part, the rear, pursuit, perse- 
 cution, absence. 
 karna To pursue, to chase, to recoil (a gun). 
 
 lena To pursue, to importune, to obstinately 
 
 persevere. 
 
 pherna To leave, to withdraw. 
 
 Pichharl The rear, the ropes by which a horse's 
 
 hind legs are tied. 
 marna To attack in the rear. 
 
 dalna To leave behind, to outstrip. 
 
 pai'ua To dance attendance, to importune, to 
 
 dun, to persecute, to torment. 
 
 Pichkana To squeeze, wrinkle, burst. 
 
 Pichkari A squirt, a syringe. 
 
 Pidar or Padar Father. 
 
 Pidarana Father-like, fatherly. 
 
 Pidda Name of a bird. 
 
 Pighalna To melt, or be melted. 
 
 PI jana, To drink up, to repress one's passions, 
 
 to refrain from answering. 
 Pik The juice of the betel-leaf chewed and 
 
 spit out. 
 
 dan A spitbox, spittoon. 
 
 PIl An elephant, name of one of the pieces 
 
 at chess. 
 
 Pna Yellow. 
 
 Pilana To give or cause to drink, to suckle, to 
 
 nurse. 
 
 Pill A gold mohur. 
 
 Pilpa Aiflicted with elephantiasis. 
 
 Pilpaya A pillar, column {lit. an elephant's foot). 
 
 PIna To drink, smoke. 
 
 Pinak The bow of Siva, a musical instrument* 
 
 Pind Body, person. 
 
 chnrana To avoid, to escape. 
 
 parua To follow, to pursue, to be intent on, 
 
 balls made of flour or rice, at a religious 
 
118 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 ceremony of HindSs, they are afterwards 
 thrown into the river or given to cows. 
 
 Pind A roller. 
 
 Pinda Body, person, a lump of clay, a bundle 
 
 or ball of string. 
 
 Pindar Thought, imagination, opinion, 
 
 Findara A plunderer, a pillager (among Maha- 
 
 rattas). 
 
 Pindi The upper part of a Siva-ling', a lump 
 
 of anything that can be contained in 
 the fist, a small clue or ball of twine, 
 a small altar of sand, a cubit square, 
 on which oblations to the manes are 
 offered. 
 
 Pindol A kind of white earth used by the Hindus 
 
 to cover or wash the walls of their 
 houses with. 
 
 Pingal Art of measuring verses, prosody, name 
 
 of a fabulous being in the form of a 
 serpent to whom a treatise on prosody 
 is ascribed, tawny, pale. 
 
 Pinjra A cage. 
 
 liona To be or grow lean. 
 
 Pinki Intoxication from eating opium, drowsiness, 
 
 nodding. 
 
 Pipa ; . . A pipe, barrel, cask. 
 
 Pipal , A species of fig tree. (Ficns religiosa). 
 
 Long pepper. 
 
 Pir (p.) An old man, a saint, a spiritual guide. 
 
 -zan An old woman. 
 
 Pir (pj Monday. 
 
 Pir fh.) Pain, sickness, pity, mercy. 
 
 Pira, pila Yellow. 
 
 Pira'i ; Name of a tribe or caste who beat a 
 
 kind of drum called dliol. 
 
 Piran Charity-lands (bestowed on the poor in 
 
 honour of a saint). 
 
 Pirha A stool or chair. 
 
 Pirhi ■ , a generation. 
 
 Pirtima or Pratima Image, statue, picture, likeness, an idol. 
 
GLOSSABiY OF INDIAN TERMS. 119 
 
 Pirthi, pritUi The earth, the grpupd. 
 
 PirtM or prithi-nath. . . . Lord of the earth, a sovereign, a king. 
 
 ^**^'''' An evil spirit of a particular Qiass, a 
 
 demon, a spectre. 
 
 Pisach-m A female pisach, 
 
 Pis^'i Price paid for grinding. 
 
 Pisan Meal, flour. 
 
 Pisana To grind, to reduce, to meal. 
 
 Pisar A boy, a son, a child. 
 
 -khwanda An adopted son. 
 
 khwauda-gX Adoption. 
 
 Pista A pistachio nut. 
 
 Pista-I-rang Pea-green. 
 
 Pistan Breasts. 
 
 Pit Love, friendship. 
 
 Pita A father. 
 
 'inaha Father's father, paternal grandfather. 
 
 Pital Brass. 
 
 PItam IJo^t beloved, a lover, a husband. 
 
 Pit-amltar , A silk cloth of yellow colour. (Vulg.), 
 
 a silk cloth. 
 
 Pitara , . . A large basket, a portmanteau. 
 
 Pitari (h.) A small basket. 
 
 Pitarl (h.) A weevil,an insect bred in rice or other grain. 
 
 Pitar-pakh The first or dark fortnight of the lunar 
 
 asin month. 
 
 Pith The back. 
 
 dena To run away. 
 
 lagana To throw down in wrestling. 
 
 lagna To have a sore pn the back (a horse}. 
 
 par hath pherna . To pat on the back, to encourage. 
 
 pherna To turn one's back, to depart, leave, fly. 
 
 PItha A kind of food made of rice and flour. 
 
 PItna To beat, strike, thrash. 
 
 Pitr Ancestors, manes, of the dead, 
 
 Pitr arpan Gifts in honour of one's deceased ancestors. 
 
 Pitr saradh The obsequies of a father. 
 
 Pitroi ko panl.dena. ... To offer a libation of water. 
 
 \ Beloved, dear, husband, lover. 
 
 Piya J 
 
120 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Piyada A foot-man, a foot soldier, a pawn at chessv 
 
 Piyala or pyala A glass, cup, priming pan of a gun. 
 
 hona To die (phrase used by fakirs). 
 
 Piyar or pyar Love, aifection. 
 
 karna To fondle. 
 
 Piyara or pyara Beloved. 
 
 janna To esteem. 
 
 Poh Dawn of day. 
 
 To make bread. 
 
 Po'Ts See ! Ho ! holla! (calling to people to get 
 
 out of the way). 
 
 Poklian Breeding, rearing. 
 
 Pokhar A pond, a tank. 
 
 Pola Soft, hollow. 
 
 Polad The finest Damascus steel, which, with- 
 
 that of Kaum, was esteemed the best irt 
 the east. 
 
 Ponga A blockhead, a sort of drum, a thin. 
 
 joint of bamboo, empty, 
 
 Popla One whose teeth have fallen out, toothless. 
 
 Popni A wind instrument. 
 
 Per The space between two joints or articu- 
 lations of the body or of a bamboo,, 
 or sugar-cane. 
 
 Pora Finger. 
 
 Posh Covering, clothed in (used in compos.). 
 
 pa (covering the feet) — shoes, slippers. 
 
 sabz Clothed in green. 
 
 Poshak Vestments, dress, habit. 
 
 Poshak-i fit for making 
 
 (cloth). 
 
 Poshida Concealed, hidden. 
 
 ■ -gi Concealment. 
 
 Post Crust, shell, skin, bark, rind. 
 
 -kan A preparer of skins. 
 
 Posts Poppy-head. 
 
 Post-1 One who intoxicates himself with infusioa 
 
 of poppy-heads. 
 Post-In A leather garment, fur, a fault, blemish. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEUMS. 1 2 1- 
 
 Vot Cs. J A boat. 
 
 Pot f/i.J Nature, disposition, quality, glass beads,, 
 
 beads. 
 
 Pota A grandson, a descendant. 
 
 Potii The eye-lid, the crop of birds, stomach- 
 
 Potdar A cash-keeper. 
 
 Potha A large book. 
 
 PotM fk.J A book. 
 
 Potlu Ck.J A clove of garlic. 
 
 PotI Grand-daughter. 
 
 Potiya A cloth worn at the time of bathing.^ 
 
 Potla A large bundle. 
 
 Potli A bundle. 
 
 Pra-bala Predominant, violent, strong, powerful. 
 
 Prabandh A kind of song, style, composition of lu^ 
 
 discourse. 
 
 Prabes Entrance, access. 
 
 Prabha Splendour. 
 
 Pra-bha'o Influence, prosperity, felicity, majesty. 
 
 Prabhat Morning, dawn. 
 
 Prabhat-i Sung in a tune or ragini peculiar to- 
 
 morning. 
 
 Prabha Commander, lord, principal, master. 
 
 Prabhuta-i Government, liberty, option, superiority^. 
 
 influence, legislation. 
 
 Prachin Ancient. 
 
 Pra-dacbchbin Going round an object to which respect 
 
 is intended with the right hand always 
 
 towards it (a religious ceremony), circuit,., 
 
 circumambulatio n . 
 
 • i Obvious, notorious, public. 
 
 Pargat J 
 
 Pragatna 1 [ To issue forth, to become manifest, to» 
 
 Pargatna J j appear. 
 
 Prahar The act of beating, a stroke. 
 
 Praharl A striker, smiter, debaser. 
 
 Praja A subject, tenant, renter. 
 
 Prakar Manner, method, kind, sort. 
 
 Prakaram Strength, vigour. 
 
 Prakas Apparent, conspicuous, clear, (m. light)- 
 
122 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Prakiti Nature, the natural state or disposition, 
 
 habit. 
 
 Pralabdh Pate, lot, destiny, predestination. 
 
 Praman Quantity, proof, verification. 
 
 Pramanik Proper, creditable, reverend, chairman of 
 
 an assembly, (in Bengal) a chief of a 
 tribe among the inferior castes. 
 
 Pran , 
 
 Breath, soul, life, sweetheart, mistress. 
 
 Par an 
 
 pati Soul's lord. 
 
 Pranam Salutation, bow, obeisance. 
 
 Prani Having life, an animated, a human being. 
 
 Prapti Keceiving, getting. 
 
 Prarthana Supplication, prayer. 
 
 Prassan Eejoiced, pleased. 
 
 liona To acquiesce, to like. 
 
 Prasannata Acquiescence, pleasure, favour. 
 
 Praschit Atonement, expiation. 
 
 Prashn Question. 
 
 Prasiddh Notorious, famous. 
 
 Prat Morning, dawn of day. 
 
 Pratap Auspices, splendour, glory. 
 
 Pratapl Glorious. 
 
 Prathain First, before. 
 
 Prathmi The earth, ground. 
 
 Pratipal Patronising, tuition, fostering, rearing, 
 
 breeding, cherishing. 
 
 Pratipalak Cherisher, patron. 
 
 Prem Love, affection, friendship. 
 
 rang-rata Coloured with the dye of love, loving. 
 
 Prem-i Affectionate, lover. 
 
 Pret A departed soul, a spirit of the dead, 
 
 a ghost, an evil spirit. 
 
 Pretni A female ghost. 
 
 Prit Love, friendship. 
 
 fA favourite, friend, lover, beloved. 
 
 Prlthi (see pirthi) The earth. 
 
 Prithu Name of an ancient Raja, son of Vena, 
 
 Raja of Bettoor. He was married to a 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 123 
 
 form, of the goddess Lakshmi, and taught 
 men to cultivate the earth. 
 
 I'i'iyS Beloved, dear, mistress, sweetheart. 
 
 l?H'a A kind of pancake. 
 
 P. Piicli Absurd, useless, injudicious, inordinate, 
 
 obscene, nonsense. 
 
 baf-I Talking (or weaving) nonsense. 
 
 -go Talking nonsense. 
 
 Puchara Whitewash, a sponge, a brush for white- 
 washing. 
 
 deua I j To lay on a thin coat of clay, to white- 
 
 pherna | ( wash, to flatter. 
 
 Puchh Inquiry, investigation. 
 
 Puchhna To ask, to inquire. 
 
 Puchhwaiya An inquirer. 
 
 Pnja Worshipping, adoration, veneration, de- 
 votion, idolatry. 
 
 Piijapa Oft'erings, libations. 
 
 Puja-pat Worship, idolatry. 
 
 Pujari A worshipper, a priest having charge of 
 
 an idol temple. 
 
 PSyna To worship, to adore, to venerate. 
 
 PBjya Venerable. 
 
 Pukar Calling out aloud. 
 
 Pukar dena To proclaim publicly, to call. 
 
 Pnkarna To call aloud, to cry out. 
 
 Pukhraj A topaz. 
 
 Pukhta Dressed food, baked (as bricks), made 
 
 of brick, sly, knowing, wise, firm, strong. 
 
 karna To make strong. 
 
 Pukhtagi Maturity, experience of the world. 
 
 Pnkhtakar Experienced, strong. 
 
 Pukhtakar-i Experience. 
 
 Pukhtari Cakes laid over dishes, in which the 
 
 meat is kept warm, cakes, impregnated 
 with ghi, whence, mama pukhtariyau 
 khana, to eat cakes prepared by his 
 mother, i.e. applied to a person accus- 
 tomed to luxury and incapable of labour 
 or fatiarue. 
 
124 GLOSSABiT OP INDIAN TEH.MS. 
 
 Pnl A bridge, an embankment. 
 
 bandhna (To make a bridge), signifies to limit, 
 
 to bound. 
 Pul-sirat The bridge over which Mnsalmans believe- 
 
 they must pass into paradise. 
 
 Pula'o A kind of dish made of flesh and rice. 
 
 Pnni 
 
 , Virtue, virtuous action, charity, merit. 
 
 Punya ) 
 
 Pnnya'i A virtuous action, performed (according 
 
 to those who hold the doctrine of the 
 metempsychosis) in one state of existence, 
 the reward of which is received in a 
 future transmigration, merit of an an- 
 cestor rewarded in his descendants. 
 
 Pfinji Capital in trade, stock, principal sum, 
 
 Pnnyatma Charitable, virtuous, religious. 
 
 Pur CsJ A city, town. 
 
 Pnr A son. 
 
 Pnr fpj Full, complete. 
 
 Pnra Entire, complete, exact, full, total,. 
 
 sufficient. 
 — karua To fill, to reimburse. 
 
 Ptira A kind of cake made of pease meal. 
 
 Pnra A large village. 
 
 Purab East, eastern, former, prior. 
 
 Pnraiia Hindu sacred books. 
 
 Pnrana To fill, old. 
 
 Piiraumasi 1 f The day of the full moon, when Hindus 
 
 Pnrna-masi J ( bathe in the Ganges or other sacred river. 
 
 Pnrbi The bhasha or dialect of the eastern district, 
 
 a rag sung in the third watch, eastern.. 
 
 Purl A kind of fresh cake fried in ghl. 
 
 bat A complete sentence. 
 
 Purl A skin with which a drum is made. 
 
 Pnrkha An old man, an elder, an ancestor. 
 
 Purkhe 1 
 
 } Ancestors, ancestry. 
 
 Pnrnsna | 
 
 Pnrohit A priest who presides at the performance- 
 
 of religious ceremonies, family priest. 
 
 Pnrohitani The wife of a Purohit. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 'ISB 
 
 Pursish Inquiry (generally after health), inter- 
 rogation, questioning. 
 
 Purush A man. 
 
 Piirwa A small village. 
 
 Purza A scrap (generally of paper), piece, bit, 
 
 rag, the nap of cloth, or the down of birds. 
 
 Purze hona To be severely wounded in battle. 
 
 Pur-jarur Very necessary, most essential. 
 
 Piis The ninth Hindu month. 
 
 Pushp A flower. 
 
 Push pat The car of Knvera, god of riches. 
 
 Pusht Back, progenitors, ancestry, a prop, second, 
 
 an assistant. 
 
 ba-pusht G eneration by generation. 
 
 Piishta A buttress, bank, hill. 
 
 baudi An embankment. 
 
 PushtainT Hereditary, ancestral. 
 
 Pushtak A vice in horses, plunging and kicking 
 
 up behind. 
 
 Pusht-ara A load borne on the back. 
 
 Put A son. 
 
 zambura A young monkey. 
 
 Putki A term of abuse. 
 
 Pntla A puppet, an image. 
 
 Putli A small — , image, the apple of the eye. 
 
 ka tara karna To honour or esteem as the apple of 
 
 the eye. 
 
 ka tamasha ) 
 
 — swang ) A puppet show. 
 
 — nach I 
 
 Putr(a) A son. 
 
 Putri A daughter. 
 
 PntthS The buttock, the hip of any animal. 
 
 PuttM The felly of a wheel. 
 
 Puwal Straw. 
 
 Puz The lip of a horse. 
 
 -mal A cord twisted tight round a horse's lip or 
 
 ear to enable the farrier to manage him. 
 Pyar 
 
 , Love, affection. 
 
 Piyar ' 
 
126 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Piyar karna To fondle. 
 
 Pyari Beloved, pleasant. 
 
 Pyas Thirst. 
 
 bnjhana To quench thirst. 
 
 lagna To be thirsty. 
 
 marna To suffer thirst. 
 
 Pyasa Thirsty. 
 
 Pyase marna To be very thirsty. 
 
 Q. 
 
 " This letter is represented by K in this work." 
 
 R. 
 
 In Arabic and Persian there is only one form of this letter^ 
 which has a distinctly lingual sound. In Hindi, and Hindiistani^ 
 there are three forms to denote (1) r, fully sounded wilh the tongue- 
 vibrating on the palate, or, as in the French amonr. (2) r, pronouned 
 with the point of the tongue reverted on the palate. (3) rh, as^ 
 the last, aspirated. 
 
 Ba'aiyat (Plur. ra'aya). . . A subject, tenant. 
 
 -parvrar-I Protection of subjects. 
 
 Ba'aiyat-i Subjection, tenancy. 
 
 Syrup, liquid juice of the sugar-cane. 
 
 Bnb 
 
 Jtabab A kind of violin. 
 
 Babab-I 
 
 , A player on the rabab. 
 
 Rabab-iy« ' 
 
 Raban or Bavaua Son of Vishrava and Kalkasi, was king of 
 
 Lanka (Ceylon), carried away Sita, and 
 
 his kingdom was deprived her husband 
 
 Rama-chandra. g.v. It is said that Tishna^ 
 
 having an inclination for war, caused 
 
 a Brahman to curse his two door-keepers 
 
 wishing that 'they might be born on 
 
 earth three times, returning after each 
 
 time to their original forms of porters- 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 127 
 
 to the deity. By tliese means Vishnu 
 contrived to be nearly matched on 
 earth, so as to have a good battle. 
 They first appeared as Hiranyaksha and 
 Hiranyakashipa ; then, as Havana and 
 Enmbhakarna; and lastly, as Shishupal 
 and Dantavaktra; in each of which 
 characters they opposed the deity in. 
 different avatars. 
 
 Babar Patigue, fruitless labour. 
 
 fiabarna To fatigue one's self, to run about 
 
 fruitlessly. 
 
 Eabb Lord, preserver, a name of God. 
 
 Eabbani Divine, godly. 
 
 Eabda Mud. 
 
 Kabda Fatigued. 
 
 Rabi' The spring, the spring harvest or grain. 
 
 cut in the spring. 
 
 RabT-bar Sunday. 
 
 Rabi'i Produced in the spring, vernal. 
 
 Rabri Thick milk, a kind of milk food. 
 
 Rabt Connexion, binding, bond, friendship,. 
 
 practice, habit, use. 
 
 Rachana To set to work, to set a going, to make,. 
 
 to do, to make merry, to stain the nails 
 of the hands and feet with hinna, to 
 celebrate. 
 
 Rachchha . Protection, assistance, patronage, shadowing. 
 
 safety. 
 
 Rachchhak A protector, keeper, redeemer. 
 
 Racbhas A demon, fiend. 
 
 achbasaul A female racbhas. 
 
 Rachhasi Bemoniacal. 
 
 Rachna To be made, created, prepared, set to- 
 work, employed, to stain, colour, love, 
 like, keep time in music, penetrate,, 
 predestinate, make, form, invent, prepare,, 
 compose, perform. 
 
 Had A tooth. 
 
 chhad The lips. 
 
ISS GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Kadd EejectioD, repulsion, resistance, refutation, 
 
 vomiting. 
 
 -badal Argument, discussion, altercation. 
 
 -i-jawab A rejoinder. 
 
 -i-salam lieturning compliments. 
 
 karna To reject, vomit. 
 
 Badda A layer of a wall, the work of a day. 
 
 Badd-i Rejected, rejected things. 
 
 B^dhana^ari A kind of silk cloth. 
 
 Badif. A man riding behind another on the 
 
 same horse, the rhyming word of a poem. 
 
 Ba'e (Ji.) A (Hindii) prince, chief. 
 
 rayan A Hindii title — the chief of princes. 
 
 Ba'e (a.) Wisdom, opinion, thought, counsel. 
 
 Ba'e-baus A kind of spear. 
 
 Ba'e-bel A flower so called. 
 
 Ba'e gnman 1 | Opinion, judgment, notion, persuasion, 
 
 zann J | one who gives his opinion. 
 
 Ba'ezani karna To form or give an opinion. 
 
 Baf a Mending (a garment), cementing broken 
 
 friendship, quieting, pacifying, peace, 
 
 tranquility. 
 Baf Elevation, promotion, ascending, finishing, 
 
 completing, settling, deciding, repelling, 
 
 removing. 
 
 daf Deciding, settling, finishing. 
 
 i-sharr Settling a dispute, deciding a difference, 
 
 getting rid of a dispute. 
 Eaf-'at Elevation, promotion, dignity, eminence, 
 
 nobility. 
 
 Baf i' High, sublime, exalted. 
 
 "u-l-kadr Of high estimation. 
 
 "n-1-makan Of exalted rank. 
 
 Baflk A friend, ally, associate, companion. 
 
 BafljT A heretic, particularly a shi'ah. j.b. 
 
 \ Gone, departed, deceased, lost. 
 
 Bafta J 
 
 Bafta rafta Gtoing, in the act of going, by degrees, 
 
 gradually, in process of time. 
 
 Baf ii Darning, a darn. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 129 
 
 Eaf u chakkar Making one's escape, stealing off. 
 
 chakkar meu a-jaua To be lost in astonisiament. 
 
 rgar A darner. 
 
 -gar-i The employment of darning. 
 
 liona To run away, to retire. 
 
 Kag A musical mode, of which there are six, 
 
 music, song, tune, anger, passion, love. 
 
 chhaua To be in concert. 
 
 -mala Name of a treatise on music, consisting 
 
 of illustrations of the primary and subor- 
 dinate modes, and the subjects appro- 
 priated to each. 
 
 rang Music. 
 
 sSgar A song composed of many rags or mu- 
 sical modes. 
 
 Bag A vein, fibre. 
 
 charhna To be obstinate, pettish, proud. 
 
 dar Veined, cloth in which the threads are 
 
 uneven, a wicked brat. 
 
 i-gardan Pride. 
 
 inarna To become impotent. 
 
 resha Every vein. 
 
 ntarna To be appeased, to have a rupture. 
 
 £agar Attrition, friction, rubbing. 
 
 Kagara or Bagra ; . Quarrelling, rubbing, polishing. 
 
 -jhagra Quarrel, debate, discussion. 
 
 Bah Eoad, way, manner. 
 
 award A preseut brought from on a journey. 
 
 bandhua To refuse admittance, to stop one's 
 
 progress. 
 
 bar A guide, conductor. 
 
 -bar-I Conducting, guiding on the way. 
 
 chhorna To give way. 
 
 dalna To establish a custom. 
 
 . dar A collector of duties (on roads). 
 
 dar-I Collection of duties (on roads). 
 
 To expect, to wait for. 
 
 karna To contract friendship. 
 
 kharch Charges of the road, travelling expenses. 
 
 9 
 
130 GL0S8AEY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Rah lagna To follow one's own devices.. 
 
 lena To go, to depart. 
 
 — marna To waylay, to rob, to lay «ne under 
 
 restraint, to ruin one's prospects in life.. 
 
 nama A book or map of roads. 
 
 pama To establish mutual confidence. 
 
 rakhna To keep up an intercourse. 
 
 ran A traveller. 
 
 rawish Manners, habits, customs. 
 
 -sir Just, right. 
 
 zan A highwayman. 
 
 zan-i Highway robbery. 
 
 Rah-i A traveller, way-farer, travelling. 
 
 Eah (Gontracton of rah), a road, path. 
 
 -uaward A traveller, a galloping horse. 
 
 nnma A guide. 
 
 Kahas Waggery, merriment, secret, private. 
 
 Bahasna To be pleased, to rejoice. 
 
 Rabat Staying, remaining. 
 
 Rabat A wheel for drawing water with. 
 
 Rabat Quiet, repose, ease, tranquility. 
 
 Raluk Wine, pure, of the best quality. 
 
 Rahim Merciful (an epithet, of God and the- 
 
 prophet Mnbammad). 
 
 Rahim-i Mercy. 
 
 Rabin A mortgagor. 
 
 Rabkala 1 » ,, . , 
 
 > A small cannon, a swivel, a cart. 
 
 Rabkala I 
 
 Rabla A kind of pulse, chana, (cicer arietinum). 
 
 Rabui Mercy, kindness, pity, a sort of sweet 
 
 cake of a white colour. 
 
 -dil Tender-hearted, merciful, kind. 
 
 Rahman Merciful, forgiving. (An epithet of God). 
 
 Kahna To stay, stop, remain, be, exist, last, 
 
 stand, continue, live, escape. 
 
 Rahta A spinning-wlieel. 
 
 Rabn Typhon, or the dragon that is supposed 
 
 to devour the sun or moon durinar an 
 
 eclipse, the ascending node. 
 Rahwa A slave (not purchased). 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 131 
 
 Rahwa'I House-rent. 
 
 Eahwalya An inhabitant. 
 
 Ra'i ". A kind of nrastard seed, with small grains. 
 
 — -ka'i Broken to small pieces or atoms. 
 
 Ea'iha Fragrance, perfnme, odour. 
 
 Ka'jj Customary, current, usual, common. 
 
 u-l-wakt The fashion or custom of the time. 
 
 Ba'Is Prince, president, chief, captain. 
 
 Kaj Dust, a substance with which the tilak, 
 
 q.v., is made, quality of passion, love 
 of sensual enjoyment. 
 
 Kaj (s.) Government, sovereignty, royalty, reign, 
 
 kingdom, (in compos), prince, king. 
 
 bhog Victuals placed before idols at noon. 
 
 bhnban A royal residence, palace. 
 
 -gadi King's cushion, throne. 
 
 kanya A princess. 
 
 mandir A royal residence, palace. 
 
 pat or -pati A Hindu title, prince. 
 
 -rog A mortal disease, consumption. 
 
 satha The king's court or assembly. 
 
 -tilak The royal mark on the forehead, coronation. 
 
 Baj (p.) A mason, bricklayer. 
 
 Kaja A king, a prince, a title bestowed by 
 
 the Indian Government on distinguished 
 Indians, land-holders or others, and 
 permitted to some, who were thus 
 designated during the Muhammadaa rule 
 but which carries with it no authority 
 or power, in the ancient acceptation of 
 the term. This title, and that of Maha- 
 raja, also serves to designate some of 
 the quasi-independent princes of India. 
 
 jjaja Hope, prayer, supplication, intercession. 
 
 Kajab The seventh month of the Muhammadan 
 
 year, it was unlawful to go to war 
 during this month. 
 
 jjajas Love of pleasure, sensual enjoyment. 
 
 Sajasn-jag.- A grand sacrifice by an emperor attended 
 
 by tributary kings. 
 
132 GLOSSAEY or INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Bajat Silver. 
 
 Raj-baus-i Descendant of a Baja, the name of a 
 
 Bajpnt tribe. 
 
 Baj-dhaui The metropolis, seat of empire, royal 
 
 residence. 
 
 Eaj-dhar The prime minister of a B^a. 
 
 Rajiii Detestation, reptdse, dejection, stoning 
 
 to death. 
 
 Bajo-gnu One of the three characters or dispositions 
 
 assifj-ned by the HindSs to the human 
 mind. They are (1) Satiya, goodness, 
 benevolence. (2) Baja, passion or love 
 of sensual enjoyment, pleasure. (3) Tama, 
 darkness, delusion, promptitude to the 
 vindictive passions. These are all ex- 
 hibited in the Hindu Trinity ; in Brahma, 
 raja prevails, in Yishnu, Sativa, and 
 in Siva, tama. 
 
 Eajwara A kingdom, a country under the control 
 
 of a Baja. 
 
 Bakaba Neck, slave, enclosure, esplanade, environs. 
 
 Bakam A mark, sign, writing, character, a mode 
 
 of arithmetical notation, chiefly taken 
 from the initials of the Arabic words 
 denoting the numbers, also a character 
 in this notation, arithmetic, manner, kind, 
 method, sort, a royal edict. 
 
 ■ karna To mark down, to write. 
 
 Bakam-I Written, marked. 
 
 Bakas A demon, an evil spirit, a giant. 
 
 Bakasan Dancing, skipping about. 
 
 Eak"at Bowing the body in prayer. 
 
 Bakhak Keeper. 
 
 Bakhau Keeping, charge, protection. 
 
 Bakhana To give in charge, to cause to keep, 
 
 put, place. 
 
 Bakhl A tribute paid to a Sikh chief for pro- 
 tection, a protector, guardian, grass which 
 has been preserved for cattle, hay. (In 
 view of the frequent droughts in India, 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 133 
 
 it was suggested that the system of silos 
 should be introduced i.e. of preserving 
 food for cattle in pits ; but this has not 
 been, at all events, generally, adopted). 
 
 Kakhl An amulet or string which Hindus tie 
 
 round their arms on a certain festival. 
 
 Rakhiya Protection, keeping. 
 
 Rakhna To keep, put, place, have, hold, possess, 
 
 lay, set, station, leave, own, stop, save, 
 reserve. 
 
 Rakh chhorna To place, keep, have, give in charge. 
 
 Rakh dena To put down, place, keep, put by. 
 
 lena To take in charge, to take into keeping 
 
 or service. 
 
 Rakhsh A horse, a famous horse of Bustam, g.v., 
 
 splendour, the rays or reflection of light. 
 
 Rakhshan Eesplendent, refulgent, dazzling. 
 
 Rakhshanda 
 
 Rakhshinda' Shining, flashing. 
 
 RakhsUndagi A flash of lightning. 
 
 Rakht Property, apparatus, furniture, apparel. 
 
 bandhna To pack up. 
 
 i-azimat Intention. 
 
 i-safar Goods for travelling, a pedlar's stock. 
 
 Rakhwa-i The price paid for keeping. 
 
 Rakhwal > 
 
 Rakhwala l A keeper, guard, shepherd, cowherd, 
 
 Rakhwara J goatherd. 
 
 Rakhwal-i Keeping, guarding, grazing cattle. 
 
 Rakib A rival, enemy, one who watches, a 
 
 guardian. 
 
 Rakib A rider, riding, mounted on a horse, 
 
 also, on a ship. 
 
 Rakkas or Rakslias Vide, R^kas. 
 
 Raksh Dance, dancing. 
 
 Rakt 
 
 „ , Blood, red 
 
 Rakat 
 
 -chandan Red sandal-wood. 
 
 Ral Eesin, rosin, pitch, saliva. 
 
 Ram, Rama The seventh Hindu incarnation, God. 
 
134 GLOSSABY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Kam-kahaiii The Bamayan, a long story. 
 
 ram A common Hindu form of salutation. 
 
 Sam 
 
 I Flight, elopement. 
 
 karua To fly, run away. 
 
 khnr Taking to flight. 
 
 khnrda Taken to flight. 
 
 Bama-cliandra Son of Dasaratha, and conqueror of 
 
 Lanka or Ceylon. He was the seventh 
 avatar; when the deity descended for 
 the purpose of destroying Havana, who 
 having obtained (for his devotion) a 
 promise from Brahma that he should 
 not suffer death by any of the usual 
 means, had become the tyrant and pest 
 of mankind. The Deratas came in the 
 shape of monkeys, as Havana had gained 
 no promise of safety from them ; hence 
 ^Hanuinana was Kama's general. Bama- 
 Chandra's mothers's name was Eanshalya. 
 His younger brother Bharata was son 
 of Kekayi, who was the cause of Rama's 
 going to the desert to perform devotions, 
 on the banks of the Pampa nadi, in- 
 sisting that her son should reign the 
 fourteen years that Rama employed in 
 the devotions; while engaged in these, 
 or during his sojourn in the forests 
 accompanied by Lakshmana (his brother 
 by Snmitra), on an occasion of his 
 absence, hunting, Ravana appeared as 
 a beggar, and enticed away Sita, the 
 daughter of Janaka Raja, who had 
 promised to give her to any person who 
 could break a certain bow, which was 
 done by Ramachandra. These incidents 
 are related in Ramayau q.v. The story 
 given there of the abduction of Sita is, 
 as fellows; Rama had drawn a circle 
 round Sita, and forbidden her to go 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 
 
 135 
 
 beyond it, leaving LaJishmana to take 
 care of her ; but, he, hearing some noise 
 which alarmed him for his brother, !eft 
 her to seek him; then, it was that 
 Karana appeared, enticed Sita out of 
 the circle (gandi), and carried her in 
 his flying chariot. In the air Barana 
 was opposed by the bird, Jatayu, whose 
 wings he cut, and escaped. Bamachandra 
 reigned in Awadh (Ayodhya), B.C. 1600. 
 
 Bam-daha'I \ji asseveration, by Bama. 
 
 Bamayan ^n epic poem by Talmiki, containing 
 
 the history of Bama. The rescue of Sita 
 from Bavana is celebrated annually by 
 Hindus, when an effigy of Bavana, amidst 
 a great display of fire-works, is burnt. 
 
 ^^^^^ The last breath, departing spirit. 
 
 ■_■ Geomancy, foretelling by figures. 
 
 To entice, beguile, take possession of. 
 
 Bamanandi ^ ^^^^ ^^ mnm fakirs, believers in 
 
 Bama. 
 Bamavatar ^j^^ incarnation of Vishnu in the person 
 
 of Bama. 
 Bamawat gy^^Q^ of ^ sect of Hindu fakirs. 
 
 • ^ To be scorched by the sun ; the name of the 
 
 ninth Muhammadan month because when 
 the ancient name given by the Pagans 
 was changed, this month happened in the 
 season of the greatest heat. During this 
 month Musalmans are interdicted from 
 eating, drinking, and conjugal intercourse, 
 between the morning dawn and appear- 
 ance of the stars at night. They believe 
 that on the 27th of this month the 
 Kur'an. began to descend, and that every 
 prayer offered up on that night will be 
 complied with. Also, prayers on the 
 19th, 21st, and 23rd days of this month 
 are supposed to be peculiarly efficacious. 
 Bambhna To low, to bellow, crv out. 
 
136 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Sam-chera Slave of Bam, a common appellation of 
 
 a slave. 
 
 Baindn phattn The mob, vulgar, common people. 
 
 Bamida errified, disturbed, afflicted. 
 
 Bamkeli. Name of a ragini or musical mode. 
 
 Bammal A soothsayer, fortune-teller, conjurer. 
 
 BSmpi A shoemaker's knife, a scraper. 
 
 Kamsar The name of a wood, of a kind of reed. 
 
 Ramtnra'T The name of a vegetable, Ochra (Hibiscus 
 
 escnlentns). 
 
 Samz A wink, nod, sign, riddle, enigma, mys- 
 terious allusion, ambiguous expression. 
 
 Ean Battle, war. 
 
 bhnmi Field of battle. 
 
 BHna A Hindu title of a prince or raja (rani,. 
 
 a princess). 
 
 Ban-ban A wilderness. 
 
 Rand The name of a tree. (Palma christi. Bi- 
 
 ciuns vnlgaris), the castor-oil plant. 
 
 Band A widow. 
 
 ka sand Son of a widow, a spoilt child, 
 
 Banda A plane for smoothing wood. 
 
 Banda A hole, loop-hole, embrasure. 
 
 Banda Rejected, driven out, expelled. 
 
 Banda-pa 
 
 _ ,„ , Widowhood. 
 
 Banda-paro 
 
 Banda Barren. (The mangoe fish without roes- 
 are so called, and the word is applied, 
 to unproductive trees). 
 
 Band! ... A woman (generally in a bad sense). 
 
 baz A whore-monger. 
 
 baz-i Whoring. 
 
 Bandiya A widow. 
 
 Bandna To expel. 
 
 Bandni Parsley. 
 
 Band-paros Neighbourhood. 
 
 Bandua A widower. 
 
 Bang 
 
 I 
 
 .„_ _ I Pewter, tin. 
 
 Banga ' 
 
GLOSSARY OF INOIAN TERMS. 137 
 
 Rang Colour, hue, paint, manner, method, 
 
 amusement, merriment, pleasure. 
 
 afshan-I Scattering colour. 
 
 amez-i Painting, colouring, stratagem. 
 
 bakhta Having lost colour, being lost in fear 
 
 or astonishment. 
 
 -ba-rang Various colours or sorts, various. 
 
 bhang Spoiling of sport. 
 
 -bhnm A place of amusement,- theatre, palaestra, 
 
 -bigarna Changing the state or condition of anything. 
 
 charhna To be elated with liquor. 
 
 dekhua To look at, examine the state or condition, 
 
 result or consequence of anything. 
 
 Bang fak hojana To grow pale from fear or astonishment. 
 
 karna To enjoy, to lead a life of pleasure. 
 
 lagana To colour. 
 
 -mahall An apartment dedicated to voluptuous 
 
 enjoyment. 
 
 marna To win in gaming. 
 
 nr jana To change colour, to be afraid. 
 
 Banga'i The price paid for dyeing, a certain spac& 
 
 of time during which a cloth is dyed. 
 
 Rangana To colour, to tinge or dye. 
 
 Rang-a-rang Yarious, many coloured, of various kind?. 
 
 Eangat Colour. 
 
 Rang-i A dyer, 
 
 Rang-ila A rake, gaudy, fine, showy. 
 
 Rangin Coloured, painted, figurative, fine, showy, 
 
 various. 
 
 ada Of elegant manners. 
 
 ada-i Elegance of manners. 
 
 Rangin-i Colouring, figurativeness, variety. 
 
 Rangna To colour. 
 
 Raugwaiya A dyer. 
 
 Rangwa'I Price paid for colouring, dyeing. 
 
 Kanj Grief, afiliction, anguish of mind, offence,, 
 
 disgust. 
 
 Ranjak Priming-powder. 
 
 dan pan. 
 
 pilana To prime. 
 
438 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Banjak nrana To burn priming, to flash in the pan. 
 
 nrna To flash in the pan (priming). 
 
 Baujida Afflicted, offended, vexed, displeased. 
 
 Banjida-gi Afilietion. 
 
 Banjish Grief, afilietion. 
 
 Banjnr Sick, afflicted, infirm. 
 
 Ban-sawari Eiding on horseback. 
 
 Banwas The seraglio of a Baja. 
 
 Bapat Fatigue, hard labour. 
 
 Bapatna To slip, to slide. 
 
 Baprapana To gaUop hard. 
 
 Bas Cs.J The gambols of Krishna, in which the 
 
 women of Braj danced round him, whilst 
 he stood in the midst, the name of a 
 Hindu festival celebrated in the month 
 of Eartik. 
 
 Bas-chakr The Zodiac. 
 
 dhari A dancing boy who imitates the ras of 
 
 Krishna, a heap, the sign of the Zodiac. 
 
 Bas (hj The reins of a bridle. 
 
 bithana or -lena .... To adopt a son. 
 
 Bas faj The head, a head of cattle — signifying 
 
 one horse or ox. 
 
 fakat A horse of middling breed. 
 
 kalan A thorough-bred horse. 
 
 n-1-jaili The winter solstice 
 
 n-s-saratan The summer solstice. 
 
 Bas Juice, humour, essence, (in rhetoric) the 
 
 passions or sentiments which a com- 
 position describes or is calculated to 
 excite. The different styles of such com- 
 position are. (1 ) sringara-ras, expressing 
 love, or the intercourse between and 
 mutual feelings of lovers. (2) hasya-ras, 
 the ludicrous style. (3) karuna-ras, the 
 pathetic. (4) vira-ras, the heroic or epic, 
 describing deeds of courage and martial 
 prowess. (5) randra-ras, describing or 
 exciting rage and indignation. (6) bhay- 
 auaka-ras, the terrible, describing the 
 
GLOSSARTi: or INDIAN TERMS. 139 
 
 fear and apprehension of the writer. 
 
 (7) vibhatsa-ras, expressing aversion. 
 
 (8) santa-ras, expressing confidence and 
 security. (9) adbhnta-ras, the marvellous, 
 expressing astonishment. Taste, flavour 
 (of which are reckoned six kinds), vk. 
 sweet, sour, salt, bitter, acrid and as- 
 tringent. Eelish, enjoyment, jocularity, 
 
 q u icksilver, mercury. 
 
 Easa-i Access, entrance, arriving, v/isdom, quick- 
 ness of apprehension, cleverness, skill. 
 
 RasM A briber. 
 
 Eashid Pious, faithful, orthodox, following the 
 
 right path. 
 
 BasMd Finding and proceeding in the right way, 
 
 sagacious, intelligent, wise, a guide, a 
 conductor. 
 
 Eas-I Of middling breed (a horse), indifferent, 
 
 so, so. 
 
 KasTd Acknowledgment of arrival of, or receiving 
 
 a receipt. 
 
 Baslda Arrived, received, ripe, overtaken by. 
 
 Basikh Firm, durable, constant, rooted, sincere, 
 
 learned. 
 
 Baslla Juicy, luscious, voluptuous, rakish. 
 
 Basiya A rake, a voluptuary. 
 
 Basiyana To be moist, juicy, to commence ripening, 
 
 to ooze. 
 
 Baskapiii- Corrosive sublimate, or a preparation of 
 
 mercury similar to it, but perhaps 
 milder. 
 
 Basl Sending news. " 
 
 rasa'il Epistolary correspondence. 
 
 Easm Custom, law, model, plan, a game among 
 
 children, in which one, in reply to a 
 question, must not use a word containing 
 any of the letters in rasm, or, as a 
 forfeit, must imitate the voice of any 
 animal which may be mentioned by the 
 questioner. 
 
140 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Sasmasana To wet with perfumed essences. 
 
 Kasm-'i Customary, middling, second sort. 
 
 Kaso'i Victuals, kitchen. 
 
 Bassi. String, cord. 
 
 Rat Night. 
 
 Rat, contraction of Bat i A nightly vigil kept by women on reli- 
 (nlght) I gious occasions. 
 
 Rata Red, dyed, coloured; 
 
 Ratalu A yam, (Dioscorea). 
 
 Ratan A jewel, gem, precious stone, the pupil 
 
 of the eye. 
 
 Bataua To be lewd. 
 
 Batan-jot Name of a plant, a medicine said to be 
 
 good for the eyes. 
 
 Batan-mala A necklace of precious stones, name of 
 
 a book on astronomy. 
 
 Batan-manjari Name of a flower. 
 
 Rath A four-wheeled carriage. 
 
 ban or -wan A coachman. 
 
 -ban-i - Coachmanship. 
 
 -jatra The festival of the procession of the car 
 
 of Jagannath. " On the occasion of 
 the festivals of Juggernaut, he is accom- 
 panied by his brother Bala Bama, and 
 his sister Subhadra, and is conveyed to 
 a place about a mile from the temple 
 at Poree. This throne on which he is 
 seated is fixed on a stupendous car, 
 sixty feet in height ; the enormous weight 
 of which, as it passes slowly along, deeply 
 furrows the ground over which it rolls. 
 Immense cables are attached to it, by 
 which it is drawn along by thousands 
 of men, women, and even infants ; a» 
 it is considered an act of acceptable 
 devotion to assist in urging forward 
 this horrible machine, on which, round 
 the throne of the idol, are upwards of 
 a hundred priests and attendants. As 
 the ponderous car rolls on, some of the- 
 
GLOSSAEY OP INDIAN TERMS. 141 
 
 devotees and worshippers of the idol 
 throw themselves under the wheels, and 
 are crushed to death ; and numbers lose 
 their lives by the pressure of the crowd." 
 (Stocquhler). 
 "Jnggernath (prop. Jagannath), in 
 Hindoo mythology the re-animated form 
 of Krishna. According to the Hindoos, 
 the love-inspiring Krishna was one day 
 shot with an arrow from the bow of a 
 hunter, who left the lovely form of the 
 deity, whom the Gopias had so frantic- 
 ally adored, to rot under the tree where 
 it fell. After some time, his bones were 
 collected by some pious persons, and 
 made the means of enriching the priests of 
 the Hindoos. Being placed in a box, they 
 remained till Vishnu, on being applied 
 4o by a religious monarch, Indra Dhoomna, 
 commanded him to make an image of 
 Juggernat'h, and place the bones in it. 
 The king would willingly have done as 
 he desired, but, unfortunately, possessed 
 not the skill for such an undertaking: 
 so he made bold to ask Vishnu who 
 should make it? Vishnu told him to 
 apply to Viswakarma, the architect of 
 the gods. He did so, and Viswakarma 
 set about forming the image of Jugger- 
 nat'h, but declared, if any person dis- 
 turbed him in his labours, he would 
 leave his work unfinished. All would 
 have gone on well, had not the king 
 shown a reprehensible impatience to those 
 divine injunctions which he had solemnly 
 pledged himself to observe. After fifteen 
 days he went to see what progress the 
 holy architect had made ; which so enraged 
 him that he desisted from his labours, 
 .and left the intended god without either 
 
142 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 arms or legs. In spite, however, of this 
 perplexing event, the work of Viswa- 
 karma has become celebrated throughout 
 Hindostan, and pilgrims, from the re- 
 motest corners of India, flock at the 
 time of the festivals of Juggernat'h to 
 pay their adoration at his monstrous 
 and unhallowed shrine. Between two and 
 three thousand persons are computed to 
 lose their lives annually on their pil- 
 grimage to Juggernat'h. The temples of 
 this deity being the resort of all the 
 sects of Hindoos, it is calculated that 
 not less than two hundred thousand 
 worshippers visit the celebrated pagoda 
 in Orissa yearly, from which the Brahmans 
 draw an immense revenue. All the land 
 within twenty miles round the pagoda 
 is considered holy;" (The classical scholar 
 will compare the Phocian town of Crissa). 
 "but the most sacred spot is an area 
 of about six hundred and fiftj' feet 
 square, which contains fifty temples. The 
 most conspicuous of these is a lofty 
 tower, about one hundred and eighty- 
 four feet in height, and about twenty- 
 eight feet square inside, called the Bar 
 Dewali, in which the idol and his brother, 
 and sister Subhadra, are lodged. Ad- 
 joining are two pyramidical buildings. 
 In one, about forty feet square, the idol 
 is worshipped; and, in the other, the 
 food prepared for the pilgrims is distrib- 
 uted. These buildings were erected, 
 A.D. 1198. The walls are covered with 
 statues, many of which are in highly 
 indecent postures. The grand entrance 
 is on the eastern side; and close to the 
 outer wall stands an elegant stone column, 
 thirty-five feet in height, the shaft of 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 143 
 
 which is formed of a single block of basalt,, 
 presenting sixteen sides. Tlie pedestal 
 is richly ornamented. The column is 
 surrounded by a finely sculptured statue 
 of Hanuman, the monkey-chief of the 
 Kamayana. The establishment of priests, 
 and others belonging to the temple, has 
 been stated to consist of three thousand 
 nine hundred families, for whom the 
 daily provision is enormous. The holy 
 food is presented to the idol three times- 
 a day. This meal lasts about an hour, 
 during which time the dancing girls 
 belonging to the temple exhibit their 
 professional skill in an adjoining build- 
 ing. Twelve festivals are celebrated 
 during the year, the principal of which 
 is the Eat'h Jattra. Juggernat'h is styled 
 the Lord of the World. His temples,, 
 which are also numerous in Bengal, are 
 of a pyramidical form. During the in- 
 tervals of worship they are shut up. 
 The image of this god is made of a 
 block of wood, and has a frightful visage,, 
 witli a distended mouth. His arms, which, 
 as he was formed without any, have 
 been given to him by the priests, are 
 of gold. He is gorgeously dressed, as 
 are also the other two idols which ac- 
 company him. In a compartment in the 
 temple of Eama, he is represented in 
 company with Bala Rama and Subhadra, 
 without arms or legs. The town of 
 Juggernat'h is situated on the coast of 
 the province of Orissa, in Lat. 19 deg. 
 49 min. N., Long. 85 deg., 54 min. E. 
 It is named, and usually called Pooree, 
 and is inhabited chiefly by Brahmuns,. 
 and others connected with the pagoda. 
 On the sea-shore, eighteen miles to the.^ 
 
^44 GLOSSAEY OP INDIAN TEUMS. 
 
 novtliward of Juggernat'b, are the 
 remains of an ancient temple of the 
 sun, called, in English charts — the black 
 pagoda. The greater part of the temple 
 is in ruins, having been thrown down, 
 apparently, by lightning or earthquake; 
 but, from what remains, it appears to 
 have been one of the most singular 
 edifices ever constructed in India. Part 
 of the tower, 120 feet high, is still 
 standing, and the antechamber, or jnng- 
 mohnn, about 100 feet high. They are 
 built of immense blocks of stone and 
 massive beams of iron, some of which 
 are nearly a foot square, and from twelve 
 to eighteen feet long. This temple, which 
 has been long deserted, was built by a 
 Rajah of Orissa,in 1241." (Stocquelee). 
 
 Hati The Hindu Venns,. wife of Eamadera 
 
 (Cupid). 
 
 Eatib Daily allowance of food (to animals, par- 
 ticularly dogs and elephants), allowance, 
 portion, provision. 
 
 Satiba Salary, stipend, pay. 
 
 JBatr or ratri Night. 
 
 JBanghau Grease, oil, boiled batter, varnish. 
 
 -dagh A vessel for boiling butter in. 
 
 farosh An oil-merchant. 
 
 i-balsan Balsam. 
 
 i-talkh Oil of mustard. 
 
 -i-zard Boiled butter. 
 
 -josh A kind of dish. 
 
 JRanza A garden, mausoleum. 
 
 -khwan One who recites the praises of Hnsain 
 
 in the month muliarraiu, or an eulogist 
 at the tomb of a saint. 
 
 Havana See Kaban. 
 
 Bavish Custom, fashion, institution, law, rule, 
 
 avenue, walk, passage, way. 
 
 Ba>va (p.J Right, proper, accurate, worthy. 
 
GLOSSAEY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 145 
 
 Eawa-dar An approver, chooser, consenter, judging, 
 
 right. 
 
 Rawa-dar-i Approbation. 
 
 Rawa (k.) Gold or silver filings, a grain or particle 
 
 of sand, dust, gunpowder. 
 Rawaj Usage, custom, fashion, currency, sale, 
 
 customary, current, vendible. 
 Sawan Going, flowing, running, text, reading, 
 
 life, soul. 
 karna To set agoing, to despatch, to forward, 
 
 to send, to make current. 
 Bawana A pass, passport, despatched, departed, 
 
 proceeding. 
 hona To flow, to be despatched, to be in motion, 
 
 to go, to pass. 
 Rawanna A servant who attends at the gate of the 
 
 women's apartment, to purchase articles 
 
 that are required. 
 Rawa-rau 
 
 Swift, going, proceeding, travelling swiftly 
 Bawa-rau-i ' 
 
 Rawat A hero, a sweeper of a particular caste. 
 
 Rawayat History, narrative, tale. 
 
 Rawi A historian, the author of a fable, ro- 
 mance, fiction. 
 
 Rayat Standards, banners, especially of an army 
 
 in motion, a camp. 
 
 Raz -A. secret, a mystery. 
 
 — -dar Trusty, faithful, a confidant. 
 
 dar-i Keeping of secrets, secrecy. 
 
 i-nihnfta A secret. 
 
 niyaz Secrets of lovers, loving prattle, a mason, 
 
 bricklayer. 
 
 posh-i Keeping or concealing secrets. 
 
 sarbasta A state secret. 
 
 Kaz A. vineyard, vine, grape, a battle, a castle 
 
 in Medina. 
 
 Kaza Consent, acquiescence, permission, leave. 
 
 . --mand Acquiescing, consenting, permitting, wish- 
 ing, willing. 
 
 -mand-i Consent, acquiescence, permission. 
 
 10 
 
■146 GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Eaja'i A quilt. 
 
 bha'l A foster-brother. 
 
 Bazi Satisfied, contented, agreed, pleased,. 
 
 ■willing. 
 
 -ba-riza God willing. 
 
 nama An acknowledgment by the plaintiff that 
 
 a cause is finally settled, the defendant. 
 
 giving a safi-nama, a general release. 
 
 Bazik Sustainer, a title of the deity. 
 
 Eazm War, battle, combat. 
 
 gah The field of battle. 
 
 Razm-i Kelating to -war. 
 
 Bazmiya Poems giving accounts of wars. 
 
 Bazzak An epithet of the Deity, provider of daUy: 
 
 food. 
 
 i-mntlak God, the sole provider of daily food. 
 
 Beg Sand. 
 
 i-ra'waii Sand agitated as waves by the wind. 
 
 Beh Fossil alkali used for washing and making; 
 
 soap. 
 
 Bekh I 
 
 _ , . _ i Writing, line, mark, fate, destiny. 
 
 Bekhta Scattered. The Urdu, or Hindnsiani: 
 
 language is called rekhta, being a mixed 
 dialect, a Hindustani ode, mortar, plaster.. 
 
 Bela A flood, line or string of animals, rushing,. 
 
 rush, push, shove. 
 
 Eelna . To shove, push, rush. 
 
 Bel pel Abundance, plenty, crowd, bustle. 
 
 Ben or rain Nieht. 
 
 Bendi ; . . A small melon. 
 
 Eendi Palma christi (Bicinus vnlgarls)^ 
 
 ka tel Castor-oil. 
 
 Bengni Name of a medicinal herb. 
 
 Benkna To bray (as an assj. 
 
 Besh A wound, a sore, pus, matter. 
 
 Dil-resh Wounded to the heart. 
 
 Besha Fibre, stringiness of a mango. 
 
 dar Fibrous. 
 
 Besham Silk. 
 
GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 147 
 
 Beshm-i i , „ , 
 
 „ , ! Silken, made of silk. 
 
 Beshmina \ 
 
 Ket Sand, filings. 
 
 Keta'i Price paid for filing or polishing. 
 
 Betal Sandy, sandy ground. 
 
 Ret-i Sandy ground on the shore of a river, 
 
 a file. 
 
 Bet-na 1 m -i i. i- i. 
 
 _} To nle, to polish. 
 
 Ret-iyana J 
 
 Bewand 1 uu i, u 
 
 . , > Khubarb. 
 
 "i-chini ) 
 
 Bewri A kind of sweetmeat. 
 
 ke pher meii parna To be involved in difficulties — from a 
 
 game in which a party agrees to eat a 
 piece of rewri, after it has increased 
 in number so many times in geometrical 
 progression, when he is confounded at 
 the amount of pieces. 
 
 karna To begin to speak or talk, (as, young 
 
 birds). 
 
 Beza A. scrap, piece, bit, small coin, a kind 
 
 of cock, children employed in work for 
 which they receive a fraction of a 
 man's pay. 
 
 khatt Pine-striped, thin-lined. 
 
 reza Scraps, pieces, in pieces. 
 
 Rezgi A small silver coin. 
 
 Ribat An inn, a caravansary. 
 
 Bibati The keeper of a ribat. 
 
 Richh A bear. 
 
 Rih Wind, odour, exhalation. 
 
 Rihan-I A kind of Arabic writing, used in titles 
 
 of books and inscriptions on monuments 
 so called from the name of the inventor. 
 
 jjij]i , Choice, approbation, desire, pleasing, 
 
 satisfying. 
 
 Rijhana To please. 
 
 Bijhna To be pleased, to be gratified, to be 
 
 delighted. 
 
 Bikebi (prop. Bikabi) A dish, a plate. 
 
•148 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Kikhi A sage, a saint. 
 
 Kikhis A. chief of the rikhis or saints. 
 
 Rim Pus, matter, humours, dregs, lees, rheum. 
 
 Rind A reprobate, drunkard, debauchee. 
 
 Rind-i Drunkenness, debauchery, trick, fraud. 
 
 Rin-I In debt ; a debtor. 
 
 Riniya A. debtor. 
 
 Ris Anger, vexation, passion. 
 
 Risala Mission, sending a letter, a book, treatise, 
 
 an essay, a small tract, a troop of horse. 
 
 -dar The commander of a troop of horse. 
 
 -dar-i The command of a troop of horse. 
 
 Risalajat (pi.) Pamphlets. 
 
 Risalat Mission, divine mission. 
 
 -panah Asylum of prophecy, i.e. Muhammad. 
 
 Risana or rnsna To be displeased, to be angry, to be vexed. 
 
 Rish Beard. 
 
 -banana To shave. 
 
 -khand J .aiighing, risible, ridiculous. 
 
 khand-i Visibility, a laughing-stock, a proverbial 
 
 saying when a man does anything un- 
 worthy of his beard. 
 
 Rishi A sage, a saint. 
 
 Rishta A string, line, series, relationship, kin. 
 
 dar A relation. 
 
 Rishwat A bribe. 
 
 -khor One who takes bribes. 
 
 Rishwat-i 
 
 Risiyana To be vexed, angry, provoked. 
 
 Rit Custom, usage, rite, habit, regulation, rule. 
 
 Rita Empty, void. 
 
 Ritha The name of a fruit, of a fish, soap-nut 
 
 (Sapindns saponaria). 
 
 Rltu Season, weather. The Hindus divide the 
 
 year into six seasons; viz. vasanta, 
 grishma, varsha, sarad, huna, and 
 sisira. 
 Riwaj (corruption of rawSj Usage, custom, fashion, currency, sale, 
 
 customary, current, vendible. 
 Riwayat A history, narrative, tale, fiction, fable. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. iAQ 
 
 ^'y* Hypocrisy, dissimulation, . subterfuge, 
 
 evasion, affectation. 
 ^^^ A hypocrite, dissembler. 
 
 Riyasat Government, command, dominion. 
 
 KiySz Gardens. 
 
 Kiyazat Abstinence, austerity. 
 
 Kiyajat-i A practise! of austerities, a devotee. 
 
 Kiyaji Mathematics. 
 
 Kifa Wish, will. 
 
 Kizal Mean, worthless. 
 
 pan or pana Meanness, baseness, worthlessness. 
 
 Kizk Food, subsistence. 
 
 Ri/wau Good pleasure, the name of the door- 
 keeper of paradise. 
 
 Ko an Hair of the body, down, wool. 
 
 Roliit Weeping, crying, tears. 
 
 fiohini The name of the fourth mansion of the 
 
 moon, comprising Aldebaran and four 
 other stars in Taurus. 
 
 Kohn The name of a fish. 
 
 Bo'Idagi Vegetation, growth of a plant. 
 
 Ko'in Brass, bell-metal. 
 
 tan Brazen-bodied, a hero, an epithet of 
 
 Isfandyai', whose body was impenetrable 
 to weapons. 
 
 Kok Ready money, cash. 
 
 Kok Prevention, prohibition, stopping, hin- 
 drance. 
 
 Bokar j 
 
 _,■[• Eeady money, cash. 
 
 Eokar-iya A cash-keeper, a treasurer. 
 
 Kokua To enclose, to surround, to stop, to pre- 
 vent, to detain, to interrupt, to prohibit. 
 
 Koli or rori A red grain or seed with which the 
 
 tilak is made. 
 
 Kolna To roll, to place, to smooth, to select, 
 
 to pick out. 
 
 Rom Down, small hair of the body. 
 
 Bona To cry, weep, be displeased, be melancholy, 
 
 addicted to crying, lamentation, grief. 
 
150 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Koni snrat Of a sad countenance, a melancholy 
 
 countenance. 
 
 Bopua To sow, to plant, to defend. 
 
 Kor Noise, clamour, fame. 
 
 Bora or rora (s.J A stone, fragment of stone or brick. 
 
 Bora (h.) Name of a caste of Chhatri or Eshatri. 
 
 Bo-ro-kar With difficulty, labour, pain. 
 
 Bosh Anger, rage. 
 
 karna To be angry, to be displeased. 
 
 Boshan Light, splendid, manifest, conspicuous. 
 
 chanki A kind of serenade with pipes and small 
 
 tabors, round the apartment of a great 
 man when he retires to rest, the same 
 kind of music used on other occasions. 
 
 dama^h Snuif. 
 
 -dan A small hole for admitting light. 
 
 dll Of an enlightened mind. 
 
 -ra'e Of enlightened understanding. 
 
 ■P'*' Of a bright genius. 
 
 zamir Enlightened in mind. 
 
 Boshna'i Light, splendour, ink. 
 
 Boslin-i Light, splendour. 
 
 Bosna or rnsna To be displeased, to quarrel, to have a 
 
 misunderstanding with a friend. 
 
 Bosta I 
 
 jj^g^^,j [ -^ village, a peasant, a villager. 
 
 Bot 1 
 
 ■p 1- ) Thick bread, sweetmeats offered to Hanuman. 
 
 Boti Bread. 
 
 Boz A day. 
 
 Boz Jba-'aish A good day to you. 
 
 ba-roz Daily, constantly. 
 
 Mh Fortunate days, happy times, prosperity. 
 
 ^jaza Day of judgment. 
 
 -i-shumHr The day of reckoning, (judgment). 
 
 -i-siyah Adversity, misfortune, trouble. 
 
 o-shab Day and night, always, constantly. 
 
 Boza East, fasting, lent. 
 
 -dar One who fasts. 
 
 kholna To kreak a fast. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 151 
 
 Roza rakhna To keep a fast, to fast. 
 
 Boz-ana Dailj', by day, a daily allowance. 
 
 Soz-^ar Service, earning, daily subsistance, the 
 
 world, time, age, fortune. 
 
 ■ karna To serve, to earn. 
 
 Koz-gar-i; One who earns. 
 
 Roz-i Daily food, employment. 
 
 Boz-ina Daily pay. 
 
 • -dar One who receives daily wages. 
 
 ES Face, surface, sake, cause, reason. 
 
 — -dar A man of rank and dignity. 
 
 — -dSr-T Eank, dignity, flattery, complaisance. 
 
 — dena To attend to, regard. 
 
 — -gardau Turning away the face, deserting, aban- 
 doning. 
 
 — gardan karna To turn away the face, to abandon, to beat. 
 
 — -kash Exciting some one to calumniate or injure 
 
 another. 
 
 — -posh Hiding the face, concealed, being exter- 
 nally one thing, and internally another. 
 
 — -posh-i , . Concealment. 
 
 — siyah Disgraced, criminal, sinner, unfortunate. 
 
 — -siyah-I Disgrace, dishonour, criminal conduct. 
 
 — snfaid Fair-faced, of a bright countenance, un- 
 
 blameable, honest, respected, select. 
 
 ■^■sufaid-i Honourable conduct. 
 
 Kn'b Fear, terror, awe, dignity. 
 
 dar Fearful, awful, fuU of dignity. 
 
 Eub Juice, syrup. 
 
 Bnbbn-s-sns Extract of liquorice. 
 
 Eub' A fourth part, a quarter. 
 
 i-maskau The inhabited parts of the earth. 
 
 Ettba"! A stanza of four lines. 
 
 Ku-ba-kar Face to business, ready for business, 
 
 intent on, beginning. 
 Bn-ba-kar-i Proceedings of a cause. 
 
 Rn-ba-rah Fit for business, reformed (habits). 
 
 Kn-ba-ru Presence, face to face, before. 
 
 Kuch Eelish, desire, ■ intentness, desire of or 
 
 pleasure from eating, a ray of light. 
 
152 GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Bnchna To excite desire, to be agreeable. 
 
 Sndan Weeping. 
 
 BndMr Blood. 
 
 Ku'e The face. 
 
 Bufaka, plur. of raflk. . . A friend, ally, associate, companion.. 
 
 Bnh. Soul, spirit. 
 
 n-l-amin The angel Gabriel. 
 
 n-l-kuds The holy spirit, the angel Gabriel. 
 
 u-l-lali The spirit of God. 
 
 Bnhani Spiritual. 
 
 Euh-i , (My spirit, my word), spiritual. 
 
 Bn'i Cotton. 
 
 dar A quilt stuffed with cotton. 
 
 Bnju' Eeturn, turning towards, appearing. 
 
 lana To turn towards, to submit, to yield.. 
 
 Buka'o 
 
 Prevention, detention, hindrance. 
 
 Bnkawat 
 
 Bakan To boot, over and above. 
 
 Bnkli A tree. 
 
 charha (A climber of trees), a monkey, plain,. 
 
 unseasoned. 
 Bakh The cheek, the castle at chess, face, point,. 
 
 side, quarter. 
 
 dcna To familiarize. 
 
 karna To attend to, to accede to. 
 
 -pherna or -badalna. To be inattentive, to reject, to turn away 
 
 from, to be angry, to be displeased. 
 rakhna, To continue friendship, to maintain friendly 
 
 intercourse. 
 Biikha Dry, plain, pure, simple, rough, harsh^ 
 
 unkind. 
 
 sukha Plain, blunt, harsh (words). 
 
 Bnkha-X Roughness, plainness, unfriendliness. 
 
 Bukham Alabaster, marble. 
 
 Bukh-anI A carpenter's chisel. 
 
 Bnkh-sar The cheek. 
 
 Bnkhsat Leave, license, permission, discharge. 
 
 hona To depart. 
 
 ^ karuii To dismiss. 
 
 talab Asking leave to depart. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 153- 
 
 liukhsat-aua A parting present. 
 
 Knkhsat-i Anything given at parting. 
 
 Kukn A pillar, prop, aid, support, a grandee,. 
 
 foot of a verse. 
 
 Knkna To stop, to be hindered, to be enclosed,. 
 
 to be prohibited. 
 
 Rnkn' Bowing the head in prayer. 
 
 Snknb The act of riding on a horse, in a carriage,, 
 
 commission of a crime. 
 
 Rukwaiya A preventer. 
 
 Bukwana To cause to prevent. 
 
 Knlana To cause to weep. 
 
 Bnin B.ome, the Turkish empire, Greece, Ro- 
 
 melia, Constantinople. 
 
 Bu-jual A handkerchief, a towel. 
 
 Bu-mal-i A handkerchief worn about the head, a 
 
 kind of pigeon. 
 
 Knmman A pomegranate. 
 
 Hamman-i Belonging to or resembling the pome- 
 granate, of a ruby colour. 
 
 Bnndhna To surround, to enclose (as, with a hedge),. 
 
 to watch, to be restrained, to be con- 
 founded, astonished. 
 
 Bnngta The short hairs of the body. 
 
 Bnngte khare bona The standing of the hairs on end from fear. 
 
 Eiip Countenance,form,shape,figure,appearance,. 
 
 face, picture, beauty, manner, mode, 
 method, silver. 
 
 B3p-nidhan Receptacle or abode of beauty. 
 
 ]-as Calcined silver. 
 
 saffar Ocean of beauty. 
 
 Enpa Silver. 
 
 Biipiya -^ "oi'^ *° called, the rupee, the silver 
 
 token of exchange in India, (at one time 
 the rupee was equal to two shillings, 
 or a little more, English money; but 
 since the depreciation of silver, its ex- 
 change value is but a fraction over a 
 shilling). 
 
 Bnposh Hiding the face, concealed. 
 
154 GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEBMS. 
 
 Bnposhhona To hide one's face, to be concealed, to 
 
 abscond. 
 
 Enposh-i Concealment. 
 
 EBp-want Well-shaped, handsome, beautiful. 
 
 Bnsna or risana To be displeased, to be angry, to be vexed. 
 
 Enstam One of the twelve champions of Persia. 
 
 His combat with Isfandiyar is famous 
 in the east; it lasted two days: and, as 
 the brazen body of his enemy was proof 
 against his arrows, he at last killed him 
 with his mace. He was son of Zal, who 
 was son of Sam, son of Jfariman. He 
 was general to Eaika'ns, and considered 
 by the Persians descended from Mamnn, 
 son of Benjamin, son of Jacob. He 
 overcame Afrasiyab, king of Tnrkistan, 
 who was joined by the Indians and 
 Tartars : nevertheless, he fell into dis- 
 grace with his master, principally on 
 account of his rejecting the religion of 
 Zoroaster; and, it was upon this occasion 
 that he killed Kalka'ns's son Isfandiyar 
 above mentioned. He was killed by the 
 wound of an arrow in an engagement 
 with Bahman (or Artaxerxes Longimanus) 
 son of Isfandiyar. Hence a hero is 
 called Rustam. 
 
 Bustam-i Valour, heroism. 
 
 Ensukli Firmness, constancy. 
 
 Ensnkhiyat Firmness, constancy, steadiness, steady 
 
 friendship. 
 
 Ensum Customs, a fee, duties, taxes, postage of 
 
 letters. 
 
 Ensumat, (plur. of rnsiim) Customs, fees, usages. 
 
 Euswa Infamous, ignominious, dishonoured, 
 
 opprobium, disgrace. 
 
 -e-'alam Infamous throughout the world. 
 
 Enswa-i Ignominy, infamy. 
 
 Eutba Kauk, dignity, degree, stair, step. 
 
 barhana To advance in dignity. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 155 
 
 Rutba kam Of low rank. 
 
 Rutha-rutM Mutual coolness, misunderstanding. 
 
 Kuthna To have a misunderstanding with a friend, 
 
 to be cool, to quarrel. 
 Ruthni Quarrelsome, the name of a species of 
 
 sensitive plant, (Mimosa natans). 
 Rutubat Humidity, moisture, freshness. 
 
 s. s. s. s« ss. 
 
 • •• 
 
 Saba A gentle breeze, an easterly breeze, a 
 
 morning breeze. 
 
 Sabadhan Attentive, cautious, with attention. 
 
 Sabah The morning, dawn of day. 
 
 ii-1-khair Morning salutation, good day, name of 
 
 a bird. 
 
 Sabahat Beauty, gracefulness. 
 
 Saban 1 
 
 Sabnn J "' 
 
 Sabar A leather of elk's or any kind of deer's 
 
 hide for bedding, an elk. 
 
 Sabar mantr A spell composed in colloquial language. 
 
 iSabbagh A dyer. 
 
 Sabi A youth. 
 
 Sabih Beautiful, a fine complexion. 
 
 Sabik Former, preceding, anterior. 
 
 iSabika , friendship. 
 
 Sabiya A damsel, girl, child, a daughter. 
 
 Sabr Patience, endurance. 
 
 karna To wait. 
 
 Sach True, truth, indeed, in earnest, actually. 
 
 mnch Truly. 
 
 Sachii-hat Truth. 
 
 Sachak Hinna presented to the bride on the day 
 
 of marriage. 
 
 Sachcha True, genuine, real, honest, sincere, faith- 
 ful, sure. 
 
 Sa-chet With circumspection, with caution, cautious' 
 
 mindful, conscious, attentive. 
 
156 GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TERMS., 
 
 Sad Desire. 
 
 Sad Hundred. 
 
 Sad (h.) An ode, poem. 
 
 Sada (I.) Always. 
 
 phal A fabled fruit, eating of which confers 
 
 long life, constantly bearing fruit, a kind 
 
 of lemon. 
 
 siva A name of MahadeT. 
 
 sn-hagan The name of a bird (Trogon dilectiis)^ 
 
 the name of a flower (Hibiscus plioeni- 
 
 cens, the white variety). A kind of fakir 
 
 dressed like a woman. 
 
 Sada (a.) Sound, tone, echo, voice, noise. 
 
 Sada Plain, white, unadorned, simple, beardless, 
 
 artless, open, sincere. 
 
 dil Artless, simple, stupid. 
 
 dil-i Simplicity, sincerity, artlessness. 
 
 kar A kind of goldsmith. 
 
 —. — -lanli Same as sada-dil. 
 
 -rS Beardless. 
 
 waz-'i. Artlessness, simplicity, stupidity. 
 
 Sada-bart Alms, or food distributed daily to the- 
 
 poor, travellers and others in want. 
 
 Sadaf A shell, a pearl, mother of pearl. 
 
 Sada-gi Plainness, want of ornament, artlessness, 
 
 simplicity, sincerity. 
 
 Sadakat Sincerity, candour, friendship, truth. 
 
 Sadarat The office of prime minister, of chief 
 
 Justice. 
 
 Sad-barg Name of a flower. (Rosa glandnlifera). 
 
 Sadd A wall, barrier, impediment, ditch, rampart, 
 
 an obstacle, an obstruction of any kind. 
 
 -i-ramak The last remains of life, the agonies of 
 
 death. 
 
 i-sikandar Alexander's wall. 
 
 Sadli Virtuous, righteous, good, holy, a reli- 
 gious person, a fakir, desire. 
 
 Sadhak Holy, a devotee, a pvactiser. 
 
 Sadhna To teach, learn, rectify, use, practise, 
 
 solicitation, contrivance, devotion. 
 
GLOSSAllY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 157 
 
 SadliTi Pious, a kind of mendicant, a merchant. 
 
 Sadhya Practicable, easy. 
 
 Sadka Alms, propitiatory offerings, sacrifice. 
 
 Sadke-jaua or -hona To become a sacrifice for the welfare of 
 
 another. 
 
 karna To sacrifice for the welfare of another. 
 
 Sadma A blow, a stroke of fortune, adversity, 
 
 collision, au adventure. 
 
 Sadr Chief, government. 
 
 i-anjnmau President of an assembly, or association 
 
 for a particular purpose. 
 
 -'ad'alat The chief court of justice. 
 
 'ala A subordinate judge, an officer in the 
 
 civil court. 
 
 -amin An umpire, investigator, arbitrator, an 
 
 oflScer in the civil courts. 
 
 bazSr. The chief bazar in a military station. 
 
 diwani 'adalat The chief civil court. 
 
 -i-sudSr The chief judge. 
 
 nishin A president. 
 
 iUaf Clean, clear, pure, innocent. 
 
 Safa Purity, cleanness, pleasure, content. 
 
 Safa-i Purity, cleanness. 
 
 batani To reject a petition without ceremony, 
 
 to refuse flatly. 
 
 i-kalb Purity of heart. 
 
 Safaid, siifaid, or safed.. White, blank. 
 
 bona To become white or grey, to turn pale- 
 
 -karna To whiten, whitewash. 
 
 mitti Chalky soil, chalk. 
 
 ^-posh A man dressed in white, a man who can 
 
 afford good clothing. 
 
 Safaida or safed-a White. 
 
 Safar The second month of the Muhammadan 
 
 year. (On the 20th day of this month is 
 held the festival of Sarotan, in commem- 
 oration of the junction of the head 
 and body of Hnsain. The 28th and the 
 last days of this month are reckoned 
 unfortunate; the former on account of 
 
158 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Hasan's being poisoned by his wife ;. 
 the latter because destructive vegetables- 
 are supposed to be produced on that day,). 
 
 Safar Journey, voyage, travel. 
 
 karna To travel, to go, depart, retire, die. 
 
 men On the journey or voyage. 
 
 Safar-i A traveller, travelling provisions. 
 
 Safarjal A quince. 
 
 Saff Series, order, line, rank, file, row, a mat. 
 
 ara Arraying, putting in order of battle. 
 
 i-jang The ranks of war, the field of battle. 
 
 -kash-i Drawing forth of an army. 
 
 Saf 1 Pure, just. The name of a Persian dynasty 
 
 overturned by Nadir Shah. It was 
 founded by Shah Isma'il Safi in 1503, 
 and lasted to 1736. 
 
 Saf I A strainer, duster. 
 
 nama A general release.discharge from obligation. 
 
 Safih Foolish, stupid, ignorant. 
 
 Saf ma A shrip, vessel, boat, blank book, common- 
 place book. 
 
 Safir An envoy, ambassador. 
 
 Saf nf A medicinal powder. 
 
 Sag Greens, edible vegetables, culinary herbs. 
 
 -pSt Greens. 
 
 hona To become soft. 
 
 Sag A dog. 
 
 -hacha A pup. 
 
 lian A dog-keeper. 
 
 daw-I Running about fruitlessly. 
 
 -lag! Flattery, servitude. 
 
 zada Son of a bitch. 
 
 Saga Belated, of the same parents. 
 
 hha'i Own brother, a relative, kin. 
 
 Saga-i Relationship, betrothing for marriage, 
 
 second marriage of a woman of low caste. 
 
 karna To engage for marriage, to betroth. 
 
 Sagar Sea, ocean. 
 
 Saggar A kind of cart. 
 
 Saghar A cup, wine cup. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 159'> 
 
 Saghir . • Small, slender, inferior, junior. 
 
 Sinn Of tender age. 
 
 Sagnanti An auspicious sign or omen. 
 
 Sagra or sigara All, every, the whole. 
 
 Sah A banker, a season. 
 
 Saha'i Aider, assistant> helper, kind, favourable.. 
 
 Sahalag The wedding season. 
 
 Sahar-gah The dawn of day. 
 
 ■ i Of or relating to the dawn, food taken 
 
 at early dawn or a little sooner, as 
 among Muhammadans in time of fasting ._ 
 
 Sahejna To try, adjust, provide. 
 
 Sahell Female companions in a seraglio, hand- 
 maids, concubines. 
 
 Sahib A lord, master, companion. 
 
 -ikbal Fortunate, prosperous. 
 
 i khana Master of the house. 
 
 i^ahib-zada Genteely born, a young gentleman, a son.- 
 
 Sahiba A lady, mistress. 
 
 Sahib-I Eule, command, lordship. 
 
 Sahib-kiran An invincible hero, a great emperor. 
 
 Sahifa A book, a leaf, page, letter. 
 
 Sahih Accurate, just, pure, perfect, entire, sound,. 
 
 certain. 
 
 karna To sign, to correct. 
 
 Saliil A plumb line. 
 
 Salil Easy, not difficult, simple, trifling. 
 
 angari Indifference, carelessness. 
 
 Sahm (p.) Fear, dread. 
 
 Sahm (a.) A arrow, transverse beam of a house, a 
 
 lot, portion, share, the segment of a. 
 cirole, segment, a versed sine. 
 
 Salina To bear, endure, support. 
 
 Sahnak A plate, dish. 
 
 Salio An error, mistake, fault. 
 
 Sahol, sahai A plummet. 
 
 Sahra A desert, a plain. 
 
 -nisliin A hermit, an inhabitant of the desert.. 
 
 naward(Pl.Sahara). Wanderer of the desert. 
 
 Sahiikar , A great merchant. 
 
160 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 8ahakar-i Traffic, trade, commerce, exchange, money. 
 
 Sahw Vide, Saho. 
 
 ■ i-katib An error of the copyist, 
 
 u-1-kalam An error or omission of the pen. 
 
 Sahwan Erroneously. 
 
 Sa'i -. A wire-chain. 
 
 Sai Hundred. 
 
 kara or saikra A hundred, per cent. 
 
 Sa'I Endeavour, attempt, enterprise. 
 
 karna To endeavour, attempt, strive. 
 
 Said Game, prey, hunting. 
 
 afgan Killer of game. 
 
 -andaz or -baz A sportsman. 
 
 band A taker of game. 
 
 Said-gah A place for game. 
 
 Saif Summer, 
 
 Saif A sword. 
 
 -ban A rocket with a sword attached to its tail. 
 
 zaban One whose curses prevail. 
 
 Saif-I Cursing. 
 
 parhna To destroy one by cursing. 
 
 Saikal Polishing, cleaning, polish, the polishing 
 
 instrument. 
 
 gar A polisher. 
 
 Sail (a.) Flowing, a current, torrent, flood. 
 
 Sail (s.) A mountain. 
 
 Saibani Eond of going about for amusement. 
 
 Sair Taking the air, moving about, amusement, 
 
 adventure, perusal. 
 
 karna To take the air, to travel, to read, to peruse. 
 
 -gah Place of perambulation, passage, pass, 
 
 thoroughfare. 
 
 Sa'il An interrogator, a beggar. 
 
 Sa'in Lord, master, a fakir, the deity, an imi- 
 tative sound. 
 
 Sa'ir The whole, the remainder, going, walking, 
 
 wandering, a tax, duty, levied on personal 
 property. 
 
 Sa'is A groom, a horse-keeper. 
 
 -1 The business of a groom. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEltMS. IPl 
 
 Saiyid A lofd, a descendant of Hnsain, grandson 
 
 of Muhammad. 
 
 Saj Shape, ornament, appeaitinbe, preparation. 
 
 — dar Well-shaped, handsome. ' ' 
 
 — dhaj Preparaition and a'ppearance: 
 
 Saj (s.J Preparation, harness, EfccontreWents. 
 
 Saj (p.) The teak-tree (Teetona gi^nidis). 
 
 Saja-i The price paid fbf tn"aliing belts of scab- 
 
 ' bards. 
 
 Sajan A sweetheart, a lover. 
 
 Sajana To cause to prepare. 
 
 Saja'o Disposition, quality, nature. 
 
 Sajaya Preparation, ornament. • 
 
 Sajha ■. . Partnership. 
 
 SSjM A partner. ' • 
 
 Sajid Prostrate iii adoration, an adorer. 
 
 Saj-ila ; Well-shaped, handsome. 
 
 Sajjada A carpet, or mat on which fflnhamihadans 
 
 kneel at prayers, an' altar,' a mosque'. 
 
 Sajji A kind of mineral alkali, natrum. 
 
 Sajna , To- prepare, to* dress, to decorate, to 
 
 become, to regulate. 
 Sak The Jeg, the trunk of a tree, the stalk 
 
 of an herb. 
 
 Saka An era. 
 
 karna To establish an' era, to distinguish one's 
 
 self by heroic action's. 
 
 (Sake-lbandli) A king who has established an era. 
 
 Sakana To be sorrowful, to be wearied. 
 
 Sakaf Hell. 
 
 Sakarat -.- Agony, fainting. 
 
 i-mant Senselessness, the poiiit of death. 
 
 Sakari Dawn of day, morning. 
 
 Sakarna To accept (a bill of exchange). 
 
 Sakat (h.J Ability, strength, power. 
 
 Sakat (s.) A cafe, the name of a Hindu holiday, 
 
 festival (Sakat- chaum, -the- birthday of 
 
 Ganesh). 
 Sakat (a J An' error, blunder; mistake, defect, anything 
 
 of a bas'e' or useless- nature, merchandise 
 
 11 
 
162 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 of a perishable quality, either spoilt or 
 
 spoiling. 
 
 Sakat hona To die (applied to animals), to miscarry.. 
 
 Saket Narrow, strait, want, distress. 
 
 Sakh (s.) Trust, credit, reputation. 
 
 8akh (h.) Season. 
 
 r 
 
 Sakha A branch. 
 
 Sakha A friend, companion. 
 
 Sakhi A female friend, companion confidant (to- 
 
 a woman), a kind of fakir who dresses- 
 like a woman. 
 
 Sakhi An evidence, a witness. 
 
 Sakhi Liberal, generous. 
 
 Sakht Make, fabrication, fashion. 
 
 Sakht Hard, strong, tough, difficult, stingy, very 
 
 cruel, severe, harsh. (Adv.) very, in- 
 tensely, violently, extremely. 
 
 -andaz An archer. 
 
 -gir Holding fast (an animal of chase). 
 
 giri Extortion, taking by force. 
 
 Sakht-i Hardness, harshness, intenseness, obdu- 
 racy, stinginess, indigence, distress. 
 
 Sakhnn, or sukhan, or 
 
 snkhnn Thing, business, affair, speech, language,. 
 
 a word. 
 
 dalna To ask, to question. 
 
 dan or -jan Intelligent, skilled in language, eloquent,. 
 
 a poet. 
 
 -fahm Intelligent, quick of apprehension. 
 
 fahm-i Intelligence, understanding, apprehension. 
 
 -i-ghaib-i Foretelling, predicting, second sight. 
 
 i-mnkhtasar In short. 
 
 na-shanan Not attending to advice. 
 
 ras Attending to what is said, eloquent. 
 
 sanj A weigher of words, prudent, a poet, a 
 
 wise man. 
 
 "Saz An orator, speaker. 
 
 tiraz-I Eloquence. 
 
 war Eloquent. 
 
 war-i Eloquence. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEUMS. 163 
 
 Sakhnn-zau Speaking. 
 
 SakI A cup-bearer, a page. 
 
 Sakit Pallen, vile. 
 
 hona To be fallen, to be degraded. 
 
 Sakit Silent, quiet. 
 
 Sakkak A cutler, one who makes knives. 
 
 1 The business of a cutler. 
 
 Sakna To be able. 
 
 Sakora A small earthen vessel. 
 
 Sakori A saucer. 
 
 Sakorna To shrink, to draw up (the limbs), to 
 
 gather up, to shrivel, to tighten, to 
 
 wrinkle. 
 Sakra Small, narrow, strait (not having room 
 
 enough). 
 
 Sakra'i Smallness, want of room. 
 
 Saki-aua To straiten, to deprive of necessary room. 
 
 Sakraut The entering of the sun into a new sign.' 
 
 Sakshi An eye-witness, evidence. 
 
 Sakta Altrance, an apoplexy, a pause, vacancy. 
 
 Saknch Shrinking, awe, fear, shame. 
 
 Sakuch-na To fear, to be afraid of, to be in awe 
 
 of, to be abashed, to apprehend, to be 
 
 apprehensive. 
 
 i Residence, dwelling, habitation. 
 
 Snkunat J 
 
 -pazir An inhabitant. 
 
 Sal (p.) A year. 
 
 — gasht Old in years. 
 
 girah Birthday, on the anniversary of which a 
 
 knot is annually added on a string kept 
 
 for this purpose. 
 
 — -ha-sal Annually, for many years. 
 
 — hasil Yearly produce. 
 
 — khurda Old. 
 
 Sal Cs.) Name of a tree (Shorea robnsta), a thorn, 
 
 perforation, bore, mortice, a hole made 
 
 in the ground by a pin, a place, a school', 
 ggja, An affix to numbers to denote so many 
 
 years old, as do-sala, two years old. 
 
164 GLOSSARY 01' INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Sala A wife's brother, brother-in-law. 
 
 Salabat Firmness, hardness, majesty, dignity. 
 
 Salagram A sacred stone, supposed by HimLos to re- 
 present Yislinu, and. an object of worship. 
 
 8alah Peace, concord, treaty,, rectitude, integrity, 
 
 advice, counsel. (Adj.) advisable. 
 
 Salahiyat Virtue, chastity, integrity. 
 
 Sala'i A needle, or piece of wire for tinging 
 
 the eyelids with collyrium also used 
 for depriving people of siglit, which is 
 effected by dra.wing it while hot close 
 Oiver the eyes of the sufferer, a lead 
 pencil, a match. 
 
 Salaka , • • • A rule, a mler, a probe. 
 
 Salakh The end of the month, or the day of 
 
 the new moon ; the last day of a month 
 of thirty days. 
 
 Salam Peace, safety, sabiting, submitting, cul- 
 tivating peace, friendship, free from 
 fault or flaw. 
 
 (Sallamahn-l-lahu ta 'all). May the Almigkty protect him. 
 
 Sadam Contractioa of phrase, signifying : — The 
 
 blessing and peace of God be with 
 him. It is used in salutation. 
 
 Salam karna To salute, hail, to give up. 
 
 lena To return the saliitation. 
 
 ^alaiknm Peace be upon thee ! 
 
 Salamat Safe, well, in safety. 
 
 rahna To live prosperously,. 
 
 Salaniati ,. . . Safety, health, peace. 
 
 — raui j4in economist. 
 
 -rawi Economy, good management. 
 
 Salami Salute, a present given to a landlord for 
 
 granting a lease. 
 
 Salana, sallyana An annual stipend, an annuity, .(arf.) yearly, 
 
 annual. 
 
 — ~ — • sal Mov years, annually. 
 
 SalSr. . ■. A^ chief, head, leader, prince. 
 
 i-kaflla The chief of a caravan, leader of a troop. 
 
 SalatrSt Prayer, benediction. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 16b 
 
 r 
 
 Sail Sister-in-law, wife's sister, especially a 
 
 younger one. 
 
 Sallb Hard, three-cornered, a crucifix, a cross. 
 
 Salih Good, apt, fit,. proper, a man of probity 
 
 and honour, a sedate, steady person — 
 
 not an enthusiast. 
 
 Saliha Virtuous, chaste. 
 
 Salik A traveller, a devotee. 
 
 Salika Nature, genius, taste, good disposition, 
 
 method, knack, knowledge, . dexterity, 
 
 address. 
 
 e-gnft-gu Polite conversation. 
 
 -e-majlls Good breeding, 
 
 shi'ar Of good disposition. 
 
 (Sahib-salTka) A man of taste. 
 
 Salim Safe, free, perfect. 
 
 Sallm Pacific, mild, affable, perfect, healthy. 
 
 u-t-tab' Affable, mild, pacific, a real genius, a 
 
 genuine poet. 
 
 Salis Easy, not abstruse, simple. 
 
 --naTis Writing a plain hand. 
 
 Sall-i-'ala (Contracted form of ''SaUl'ala nabiyina," 
 
 0, God bless our propiet!) 
 Sails A thong, narrow slips of leather with 
 
 which shoes are stitched. 
 
 Salna A rivulet. 
 
 Salna 
 
 , Meat or fish eaten with bread or rice. 
 
 Salan 
 
 Salna To perforate, boie, prick, pierce, to ache, 
 
 to be in pain. 
 
 Sa-lon Salted food, name of a district. 
 
 Sa-lon-a Salted, salt, dark-complexioned. 
 
 Sa-lon-i Seasoned, tasteful, beautiful (when applied 
 
 to a mistress) 
 
 (The full moon in Sawan, (the fourth 
 Hindi! month), at which time the orna- 
 ment called rakhi (an amulet or string) 
 is tied round the wrist. 
 
 Saltanat Empire, sovereignty, reign, 
 
 Salwat Content, cheerfulness, felicity. 
 
166 GLOSSABY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Sam A tone in music. 
 
 Sama (h.) Time, season, state, condition. Concord, 
 
 harmony, unison. 
 
 Sama fa.^ The heavens, sky, firmament, altitude, 
 
 a canopy. 
 
 Sama Apparatus, provisions, furniture, articles. 
 
 Sama^ Hearing, listening, the sense of hearing, 
 
 singing, ecstacy in Dervises when hearing 
 hymns. 
 
 Sama^at Hearing, the hearing or trial of a suit. 
 
 karna To hear, to entertain a complaint, to 
 
 try a suit. 
 
 ke kabil Cognizable. 
 
 Samachar News, tidings, . information, intelligence, 
 
 account of circumstances or health. 
 
 Samadh Tomb of a JogI, or of other Hindus, 
 
 who from religious motives, are buried 
 alive. The term is also applied to that 
 exercise of austerity among Jogis by 
 which they pretend to acquire the power 
 of suspending for a time the connection 
 between their soul and body. 
 
 Samagri Furniture, tools, apparatus, articles, 
 
 scenery. 
 
 Samaj Apparatus, society, a term applied to 
 
 societies for particular objects, religious 
 or political, as the Brahma-Samaj, the 
 Arya-Samaj, the Hindu-Samaj. 
 
 Samajh Comprehension, understanding, knowledge, 
 
 opinion. 
 
 Samajhna To comprehend, understand, suppose, 
 
 think, conceive, consider,, fancy, per- 
 ceive, know. 
 
 Samak A fish on which the earth is supposed 
 
 to rest. 
 
 ■(az samak ta samak) .... (Prom the bottom of the abyss to the 
 
 pinnacle of heaven). A fish in general, 
 the sign Pisces of the zodiac. 
 
 Saman Jasmine, lily of the valley. 
 
 Samand A horse of noble breed. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 167 
 
 "Samandar A salamander. 
 
 8amar Eveuing conversation, darkness, night, 
 
 time, an adventure. 
 
 Samarth Strength. 
 
 Samasya An exercise among Asiatic poets, wherein 
 
 one writes or speaks an incomplete verse 
 
 or stanza, which is to be filled up by 
 
 another. 
 
 .^ambat The name of a particular era. 
 
 •Samjliana To make comprehend, to explain, convince, 
 
 describe, admonish. 
 8amosa A kind of small pastry of a triangular 
 
 form containing mince meat. 
 
 Samp A snake, serpent. 
 
 Sampat Affluence, riches, prosperity. 
 
 8ampatl A small brass cup in which offerings and 
 
 chanda (subscriptions) are placed. 
 
 .Sampnru Perfect, full, completed, all, the whole. 
 
 hona To be finished, to complete. 
 
 Sampnt The closely shutting of any cavity, a box 
 
 with its lid shut, a casket. 
 Samshan A place where dead bodies are burnt or 
 
 buried. 
 Samshan-basi Eesiding in the Samslian, an epithet of 
 
 Mahadera. 
 
 rSamum A hot pestilential wind. 
 
 Samvat 
 
 , A year. 
 
 Samvatsar ' 
 
 Samvatsar-i ' . Annual ceremony. 
 
 San (a.) A year. 
 
 San (s.) Name of a plant (Crotalaria juncea). 
 
 San Like, likeness, muster, review (of an 
 
 army). 
 
 karna To make muster. 
 
 ■ gnman Understanding and imagination. 
 
 San A whetstone, grindstone. 
 
 bnjhana To make one understand by hints. 
 
 8ana Senna, praise, applause. 
 
 khwail One who praises. 
 
 khTvai-i Praise. 
 
168 GL0S?A.IIY OF JNDI-fN TERMS. 
 
 Sanad Sigiia,ture, deed^ grant, diploma, th£ seal 
 
 of a magbtrate, a warrant, anythmg on 
 which one leans — a document or proof, 
 relation, connection. 
 
 9iiitabjjk T.be cpijnterpart of a grant, the order p> 
 
 , put it into execution. 
 
 Sanadri Held by written deeds. 
 
 Sanani An idol, a mistress, a sweetheart. 
 
 Sanam-khana An idol temple. 
 
 Sa|f.',at. . . . f Profession, trade, art, mystery, miri^uc^e. 
 
 Sanatau EternaJ, everlasting. 
 
 jSgua'siM- • ■ ,- Artful, skilful. 
 
 Sanch True, proper, real. 
 
 Sanclia. A mould. 
 
 (Sanche meii liliS^ia) .... (To mould, form). 
 
 ^j^chai Pijrse, capital, stock, store, saving, ho9.rd. 
 
 Sanchhep Abridged, short. 
 
 Sanclijbyepa^ Abridgment. 
 
 Sand or sanr A bull, stallion, an independent, extrav- 
 agant fellow. 
 
 Sanda Name of an animal resembling a lizard, 
 
 the oil of which is said to have restorr- 
 ative powers. 
 
 l^andaj Sandal wood. 
 
 SandaM Of the colour of sandal wood, a kind ot 
 
 ciajr, a sort of eunuch. 
 
 Sandnk A box, a trunk. 
 
 Sandnk-cha A small box, a casket. 
 
 Sandnk-i Like a box (applied to a tomb, and 
 
 scabbard pf a sword made in that forip). 
 
 San^ Cp.J^ _. A stone, weight. 
 
 baran, ' A shower of stones, pelting with. 
 
 -dana The gizz^'d. 
 
 dil Hard-hearted. 
 
 i-khara Flint, 
 
 i-marmar Marble. 
 
 i-mil^nat^^ The loadstone. 
 
 tara , A kind qf orange. 
 
 tarash A stone cutter. 
 
 "tanl Equal in weight. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 1'69- 
 
 (li-) Along with, association, anion, company., 
 
 Sangam Meeting, conflux, union. 
 
 Sawgat Collection, congxeg^tioni company, a place: 
 
 where the Sikhs celebrate their religious- 
 ceremonies, right, proper, . well, . . 
 
 Sang-i (h.) A companion, comrade. 
 
 Sang-i (p.), Stony, of stone, 
 
 Sangi-ali A compilation. 
 
 Sangram Battle, war. 
 
 Sangsar >..••. Stoning to death. 
 
 Sani' ^.rtificer, maker, creator. 
 
 SSni , . Chaff or straw , mixed with grain ,(parti- 
 
 cularly that from which oil has been 
 extracted) as faod for cattle. 
 
 r 
 
 Sanichar Saturn, Saturday. 
 
 Sanichar-a Unlucky (fellow). 
 
 Snkbai^Fsanj See 1 62. 
 
 Sanjha Jlyening, a particular prayer said in the 
 
 forenoon, at noon,, and in the evening. 
 
 sawere Morning and evening. 
 
 SanjM Images of cow.-dxmg made by children, 
 
 to represent idols,. 
 
 Sanjida Weighty, grave. 
 
 -^-^ — -luizaj Composed mind, steady temper. 
 
 Sanjldagi Gravity, solemnity. 
 
 Sanjogr Accident, chance, lijck, event, conjunction, 
 
 union. 
 
 Sanjona To .arrange things for presentation in a tray. 
 
 Sank A piece of sweetmeat- 
 
 Sankal i 
 
 Sankar [ A chain, a kind' of feniale ornament. 
 
 Sankri ' 
 
 Sankh (s.) A conch which Hindus blow, especially 
 
 as a religious ceremonyj a kind of orna- 
 ment, a shell., 
 
 Sankh (h.) Simple, artless., 
 
 (d».polFsankh) (Promising much 9nd performing nothing). 
 
 Sankhlni A description of woman : see under 
 
 pa,dmani. 
 
 SankrantI The sun's entering into a new sign. 
 
170 GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Saninan Kespect, esteem, reverence. 
 
 -I Polite, civil, respectful. 
 
 Sannyasi A Brahman of the fourth order, a reli- 
 gious mendicant. 
 Saus Breath, sigh. 
 
 bharna To sigh, to regret. 
 
 Sans ruknS To be smothered or throttled. 
 
 ulti lena To gasp or draw • in the breath (as a 
 
 person in agony). 
 
 Saisa Imagination, fancy, reflection, fear, ap- 
 prehension. 
 
 iSansa Doubt, uncertainty, dread, apprehension. 
 
 Sansan Still, silent, dreary. 
 
 Sansanahat An imitative sound. 
 
 Sansauana To jingle, to ring, to faint. 
 
 Sansarg Meeting, interview. 
 
 Sauskar A habit, a consecrating ceremony, con- 
 secration, adjusting with perfumes. 
 
 Sant A kind of fakir, a saint, pious, virtuous. 
 
 San tana (prop. Santwana) Palliation, consolation. 
 
 karna To appease, still, comfort. 
 
 Saiiwarna -. . . . To prepare, to dress, to decorate, to 
 
 adorn, to arrange. 
 .Sanwat Years, old coin current at- a depreciated 
 
 rate after a certain number of years. 
 
 Saparda A musician, attending on singing women. 
 
 Saparda-i Musicians attending a dancing girl. 
 
 .Sapath An oath, an asseveration. 
 
 Sapera A snake-charmer, a snake-catching woman. 
 
 Sapn 
 
 I 
 
 A dream. 
 pna 
 
 toichar-i An interpreter of dreams. 
 
 Sapna (from Sap, impre- 
 cation, curse) To curse. 
 
 Sar The head, top, pinnacle, origin, end, point. 
 
 afraz Exalted, promoted, 
 
 ba-sar All, the whole, from one end to the other. 
 
 basta Closed, hidden. 
 
 ^ii'i Intrepid, risking one's head or life. 
 
 bnland Eminent, glorious, exalted. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 171 
 
 Sar-dard Headache, trouble, perplexity. 
 
 khnsh Cheerful. 
 
 -pesli An ornament worn in the turban. 
 
 taj A chief. 
 
 -zada Blamed, depraved, ill-bred. 
 
 -zamin The earth, country, region, territory, limits. 
 
 zor Mutinous, rebellious, disobedient. 
 
 zor-I Mutiny, rebellion, disobedience. 
 
 Sar (s ) Manure, iron, pith, essence, value. 
 
 Sar fp.J A particle denoting plenty, magnitude, 
 
 or similitude ; as Koh-sar, a mountainous 
 country ; 'ambar-sar, full of ambergris ; 
 shah-sar, like a king. 
 
 Sar-ban A camel-driver. 
 
 Sara Pure, exellent, sweet-smelling. 
 
 Sarada A name of Durga. 
 
 Sarak A road, the high road. 
 
 banana To make or prepare a road. 
 
 i-ahani A railway. 
 
 : nikalna To break ground for a road, to lay down 
 
 or make a road. 
 
 Saran An asylum, shelter, protection. 
 
 Saran-agat A refugee, one who has come for refuge. 
 
 Saraug Name of a musical mode or rag, a peacock, 
 
 a snake, a serpent, a cloud, a deer, a 
 woman, water, a lamp. 
 
 Sarangi , . . . A musical instrument like a fiddle. 
 
 Sarangiya A player on the sarangi, 
 
 Saraswati The goddess of speech and wife of Brabma. 
 
 Sarb-byapak All, pervading,, a title of the Deity. 
 
 darsba Omniscient, all-seeing. 
 
 . gaban or grahau ... A total eclipse. 
 
 saktimaa Almighty, all-powerful. 
 
 Sarbhangi A sect of fakirs who eat without dis- 
 crimination. 
 
 Sard Cold, damp. 
 
 ■ karna To cool, to pacify. 
 
 -mihr A cold or luke-warm- friend. 
 
 ^ -mihr-i Coolness or luke-warmness in friendship, 
 
 indiiference. 
 
172 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Sarda A kind of water-melon, a superior kind 
 
 of musk melon brought from Cabul. 
 
 Sard-aba A cold bath, a place built under ground -to 
 
 shelter from heat„a coqI room for summer* 
 
 Sar-dar A .chief, a head man. 
 
 ^ kaMu Chief-priest. 
 
 1 Chief-ship. 
 
 Sar- (or sir) "dnwal Eejns of a bridle, head-stsll, 
 
 Saresh prop. Siresh Glue, starch. 
 
 Sarf Expenditure, thq .orthographical and ety- 
 mological parts of grammar, dexterity, 
 increase, gain, excess, changing, turning, 
 volubility, vicissitudes of fortune. 
 
 hona To be expended. 
 
 karna To spend, to pass. 
 
 -o-naho Grammar. 
 
 Sarfa Expense, profusion, surplus, addition, ihe 
 
 twelfth mansion of the moon, a star in 
 the tail of Leo, 
 
 Sar-faraz Exalted, eminent, distinguished, promoted. 
 
 Sarfaraz-T Exaltation, promotion. 
 
 Sarf 1 A grammarian. 
 
 Heaven, the firmament, the sky. 
 
 - 
 
 §ar-garm Intent on, earnest, eager. 
 
 -1 Application, attention, earnestness, eager- 
 ness, love, or being in love. 
 
 Sar-gnroh A leader, corajnander, cliipf of a sect, 
 
 head of fakirs. 
 
 Sar-gnzasht An event, accident, history, account of 
 
 circumstances. 
 
 Sar-hadd Boundary .extremity, frojitier,limit,oonfines. 
 
 Sarhangf A general, commander, overseer. 
 
 Sari or Sari A Hluda female's dress. 
 
 Sari' fa.J Quick, nimble. 
 
 Sari Cs.J The shaft of an ?irrow, the reed of which 
 
 it is made. 
 
 Sarih Apparent, evident, clear, 
 
 Sarir The scratching sound of a pen, the grat- 
 ing of a door. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 173 
 
 Sarlsht Nature, temperament, constitution, in- 
 tellect. 
 8arishta Custom, usage, office. 
 
 — dar The chief under native officer in the 
 
 courts. 
 
 Sar-kar , . . The king's court, governmeut, estate, 
 
 property, a district comprehending several 
 pargauas, a superintendent, a title given 
 by way of respect. 
 
 Sar-karii Superintendence, belonging to the state, 
 
 or to the government. 
 
 Sarkash Eearing the head, disobedient, rebellious. 
 
 Sarkash-i Disobedience, mutiny, insolence. 
 
 Sarkhatt An aareement to hire service. 
 
 Sarma Winter. 
 
 Sarma-i Winter clothing,- w-intry. 
 
 Sarmaya Stock in trade, capital. 
 
 Sarnam Well-known, famous^ distinguished. 
 
 hona To be famous. 
 
 — karua To make famous or notorious, to proclaim. 
 
 8ar-nama Title, address, superscription of a letter. 
 
 likhna To address a letter. 
 
 Sarod A song, melody. 
 
 Sarod-i A singer. 
 
 Sarokar Business, intercourse. 
 
 Sarosh An angel, a voice from heaven, the seven- 
 teenth day of the solar month. 
 
 Sarp A serpent. 
 
 Sarparast A guardian, patron. 
 
 Sarparast-i Patronage. 
 
 karna To patronize. 
 
 Sarparda Name of a Persian musical mode, supposed 
 
 to have been published by Amir Khnsran 
 of DiMI. 
 
 Sarposk A cover, a lid. 
 
 Sarraf A banker, a money-changer. 
 
 -a The place where bankers transact their 
 
 business, a bank; • • - • 
 
 i Banking, money-changing. 
 
 karua To carry on the business of banking. 
 
174 GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Sar-sabz Fresh, verdant, flourishing, prosperous, 
 
 fortunate, happy. 
 
 Sar-sabz-i Verdure, vegetation., 
 
 Sarsa-i Increase, abundanpe,. excellence. 
 
 Sas The moon, sky, heavens. 
 
 Sasta Cheap, easy to procure. 
 
 chhntna To get off cheap. 
 
 laganS To sell cheap. 
 
 mal A cheap article, a good bargain. 
 
 -sama A season of plenty, a good season. 
 
 Sat Power, strength, essence, the principle of 
 
 goodness, virtue, truth, pui;ity,faith,power, 
 
 conjugal fidelity, true,, virtuous, right. 
 
 badi Speaker of truth. 
 
 -jug The age of' virtue, the golden age. 
 
 -kar Good act, piety, hospitality, charity, 
 
 funeral rites. 
 
 -karam Virtuous action, piety. 
 
 -kari Truth, fidelity, .honesty. 
 
 Sataua To tease, to vex, to fret, to trouble, to 
 
 afiiict, to interrupt. 
 
 Satana To unite, to stick, to make adhere. 
 
 Satar A line, row, rank, series, lineament, 
 
 delineating, describing. 
 
 band! Euling, lines for writing on. 
 
 Sath Society, company. 
 
 ka khela Playmates, playfellow. 
 
 rahna To live with, dwell together. 
 
 dena To share, to help, to go with. 
 
 Tf ala A comrade, a companion. 
 
 Sathiya A surgeon, a mark in form of . a cross, 
 
 the four arms of which are bent at right 
 angles, prefixed in vermilion by Hindus 
 to tlieir account books at the commence- 
 ment of a new year. The same figure 
 is formed on the ground with flour at 
 marriages and other ceremonies. 
 
 Sati A woman who burns on her deceased 
 
 husband's funeral pyre, chaste, virtuous, 
 constant. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 175- 
 
 Sati chanura The plaee where a SatI is burned. 
 
 hona To burn alive on the funeral pyre. (This- 
 
 horrible rite was abolished by Lord 
 William Bentinck in 1829; though some 
 instances of its practise have occurred 
 even at the present day). . 
 
 Sat-inasa A feast given in the seventh month of 
 
 pregnancy. 
 
 „ . ,- I I The name of a book written by Biharl-- 
 i lal (an inhabitant of (xo'aliyar) containing 
 
 Satsaiya 
 
 700 distiches or dohas in Braja-bhakha, 
 
 Satya True, sincere, honest. 
 
 bMi Speaker of truth. . 
 
 Satyanas A term of imprecation, signifying depra- 
 vation, destruction. 
 
 -jana or -hona. . To be the depravation or destruction of 
 
 any person or thing. 
 
 karna To make the ruin or destruction of any 
 
 person or thing. 
 
 Sanda Melancholy, love, ambition, desire, madness. 
 
 (Prom which, perhaps, the Portuguese^ 
 sandada, signifying love for country and 
 intense desire, to return to it, during,, 
 absence). 
 
 Sanda Trade, trafB.c, marketing. 
 
 -gar A merchant. 
 
 -^ar-i Merchandise, trade, commerce. 
 
 kharidna To make purchases. 
 
 -sulnf Traffic, barter. 
 
 Sanrif Aniseed (Pimpinella anisnin). 
 
 8anb Side, tract, way. 
 
 Sawab Kectitude, a virtuous action, success. 
 
 Sawad Ck.J Kelish, flavour, taste, sweetness, pleasure- 
 
 SamM. fa.J. , Blackness, blackening, soot, smoke, en- 
 virons of a city, reading, ability. 
 
 Sawa'I A title of the Kajas of Jaipur. 
 
 Sawaj Savage, wild. 
 
 Sawan Name of the fourth Hindu month. 
 
 Sawang' or Swang Mimicry, acting, imitation,, disguise, sham.. 
 
 lana To imitate. 
 
^76 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TUKMS. 
 
 Sawar (prop. Suwar).. .. A rider, mounted, or riding (on a ship', 
 
 horse, camel, &o.). 
 
 kar k g'obd rider, a jockey. 
 
 -kar-i. Good riding, cavalry, a trooper, drunk. 
 
 Sawar-i Eiding, equipage, suite. 
 
 Sawera Moriling, dawn of day. 
 
 — bona To break the day, to ,b& dawai. 
 
 Saya ShadovT,. shade, protection, an apparition, 
 
 a petticoat 
 
 -dar Shady, a protector. 
 
 . bona A demon appearing to, or possessing 
 
 any one. 
 
 parna To imitate the manner of- another. 
 
 tale ana To take pfotection-. 
 
 Saz Making, preparing, maker, arms, appa- 
 ratus, accoutrements^ BarnesfS, furniture; 
 a musical instrument, concord. 
 
 -baz Trim, dressy. - • 
 
 -kar Proper, consonant, concordant. 
 
 ■ — -yarak Warlike instruments, furniture; bagg:age. 
 
 Saza Correction, punishment, retribution. 
 
 d«na To punish. 
 
 dilana To bring to punishment. 
 
 To be punished. 
 
 pana 
 
 -war Fit for, deserving .punishment. 
 
 Sazawal A taxgatherer, a land steward. 
 
 SazaTval-I The business of a land steward. 
 
 Sazinda A maker, a musical performer. 
 
 i^azisb Combination, collusion, confederacy. 
 
 Sela A kind of sheet . constituting a pait of 
 
 dress, especially, worn and given ifl 
 
 presents in the Dakkhin. 
 Sell A necklace (of threads) worn by flikirs^ 
 
 a sash, a' belt. 
 
 Sena Cs.J- An army. 
 
 Sena ChJ An officer who collects the. revenue in a 
 
 village. 
 SenS-pati Commander of the army, also, sometime* 
 
 title giveil to prime ministers. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. l'?7 
 
 Ser Name of a weight equivalent to about 
 
 21bs. avoirdupois; but varying in 
 different parts of India. 
 
 •Ses Remainder, end. (The king of the serpent 
 
 race, a large thousand-headed snake, the 
 couch and canopy of Tislinu and the 
 upholder of the world, which rests on 
 one of his heads.) 
 
 Seth A great banker, a rich person, a wholesale 
 
 merchant, hence a patronymic. 
 
 Sewa Service, worship. 
 
 Sewak A servant, a worshipper. 
 
 Sewra A kind of fakir among Hindus. 
 
 Shab Night. 
 
 -i-})arat The ■14th day of the month Sha'bau, on 
 
 which Musalmans make offerings and 
 oblations in the names of deceased 
 relatives. 
 
 parah A hat. 
 
 -i mah Moonlight. 
 
 b5sh One who stays all night, a lodger. 
 
 Sha'ban The eighth Arabian month, on the 14th day 
 
 of which is a festival (barat), when an 
 angel is believed to examine a record 
 of the names of the living. 
 
 Khabd A word, voice, sound. 
 
 Shabd-shastr Etymology, the science of grammatical 
 
 inflection. 
 
 Shab-deg A dish composed of meat and turnips 
 
 cooked all night on the fire. 
 
 iSbabdez A black horse of extraordinary size, 
 
 belonging to king Khnsrau Parwez, a 
 black horse, a horse of noble breed. 
 
 Shabih A picture, a likeness. 
 
 8hab-nam Dew, a kind of fine linen. 
 
 Shab-nain-i A kind of canopy for protecting one 
 
 from night dew. 
 
 Shada Joyful, glad. 
 
 Shad-i Pleasure, delight, joy, marriage, festivity, 
 
 rejoicing. 
 
 12 
 
178 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Shad-marg An easy death, death from joy. 
 
 Shadid Difficult, afflicting, violent, strong, intrepid. 
 
 Shadiyana Relating to marriage or rejoicings, music 
 
 and singing at marriages or on other 
 
 festive occasions. 
 
 bajana To triumph. 
 
 Shafa, prop. Shif a Cure, remedy, healing, convalescence. 
 
 dena To cure, to heal. 
 
 hona 1 
 
 _ > To recover. 
 
 parna J 
 
 -khana A hospital. 
 
 Shafa'at Deprecation, intercession, recommendation,. 
 
 entreaty. 
 
 Shafi Healing, salutation, a healer. 
 
 -i-hakiki An epithet of the Deity. 
 
 Shall' An intercessor, advocate, patron. Possess- 
 ing a right of pre-emption founded on 
 contiguity. 
 
 Shaf I'a A kind of Persian character or handwriting. 
 
 Shail'-i One of the chiefs of the four principal 
 
 sects of the Mnhammadan religion. 
 
 Shafik Merciful, compassionate, affectionate, kind^ 
 
 a friend. 
 
 Sha^ird A scholar, disciple, apprentice, a servants 
 
 -i-rashid A complete, an apt scholar. 
 
 Shagird-i Learning, studying, apprenticeship. 
 
 Shaghl Occupation, amusement, religious con- 
 templation. 
 
 • karna To employ one's self, to be occupied. 
 
 Shah A king, check at chess. (In compos :), 
 
 royal, great, large. 
 
 a king ! 
 
 haz The royal falcon. 
 
 mat Check-mate. 
 
 -naiiia. . . . A celebrated epic poem, containing a 
 
 history of the kings of Persia, written 
 byFirdausi aboutthe year of Christ1,000. 
 
 -nishin , A principal seat in an assembly, a pre- 
 sident's seat, a balcony. 
 
 snwai' A good rider, a jockey, a horse-breaker. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 179 
 
 Shahad Evidences, witnesses. 
 
 Shahadat Evidence, testimony, martyrdom. 
 
 Shahamat Generosity, bravery. 
 
 Shah-ana ) t. , ■ , 
 
 Shah.-aM I ^°y^'' P""''^'^- 
 
 Shahanshah A king of kings, an emperor. 
 
 Shahaushahi Empire, sovereignty. 
 
 Shah-bala The companion of a bridegroom. 
 
 Shahtd A martyr. (Any Mussalman killed in battle 
 
 is so called). 
 
 -hona To be killed. 
 
 Shahna A watchman, a superintendent of police, 
 
 a musical wind instrument. 
 
 Shahna'i A kind of musical pipe. 
 
 ^— chi A player on . 
 
 Shahr A city. 
 
 ashob A disturber of the peace of a city, a 
 
 mistress, a kind of verses. 
 
 dar A birdeatcher, a huntsman. 
 
 -gharib A stranger, a traveller. 
 
 -khabra An intelligencer. 
 
 -panah Wall, or entrenchments round a town. 
 
 -pura Suburbs. 
 
 Shahrah The highway. 
 
 Shahr-i A citizen, anything belonging to the city. 
 
 Shah-war Worthy ol a king, princely. 
 
 Shah-zada A prince. 
 
 Shaikh A venerable old man, a chief, a prelate, 
 
 a title taken by the descendants of the 
 prophet, and given to proselytes to 
 Muhammadanism. 
 
 Shaikhau In the manner of a chief, authoritatively. 
 
 Shaikhana My lord ! my preceptor ! my patron ! 
 
 Shaikh-doudn A figure dressed up by way of sport or 
 
 charm. 
 
 Shaitan The devil, Satan. 
 
 Shaitanat Devil's tricks, wickedness. 
 
 Shakar Sugar. 
 
 bhata A sweetmeat, made of rice, butter and 
 
 sugar. 
 
180 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Shakar-farosh A seller of sugar, a mistress. 
 
 -kha Chewing sugar. 
 
 lab Sugar -lipped. 
 
 rez Scattering sugar, mellifluous. 
 
 -istan A place where sugar-canes grow. 
 
 kand Sweet potatoes. (ConTolyulus batetas). 
 
 • -para A kind of sweetmeat. 
 
 Shakk Doubt, suspense, hesitation, uncertainty. 
 
 Shakl I Shape, form, figure, appearance, resem- 
 blance. 
 
 banaua , To assume a form. 
 
 • — big'arn3 To disfigure, make ugly, to disgrace, 
 
 dishonour. 
 
 -i-mlsal-i A model, pattern. 
 
 -navis A portrait painter. 
 
 Shakti Ability, strength. 
 
 Shal A shawl. 
 
 bab Shawl-cloths. 
 
 baf A shawl-weaver. 
 
 Sham' A lamp, candle, wax. 
 
 dan A candle-stick. 
 
 -saz A candle-maker, a chandler. 
 
 Sham'-rii Having a countenance resplendent as a 
 
 candle. 
 
 — rnkli Ked-cheeked. 
 
 Sham (p.J Evening. 
 
 Sham C/i.J Black or dark blue (a name of Krishna). 
 
 Shamat Bad fortune, adversity. 
 
 Shamat-i Unfortunate. 
 
 Sham-i Syrian, belonging to Syria. 
 
 Shamil Together, with, along with, united, blended, 
 
 confederated, included. 
 
 -hal Connected from circumstances, of similar 
 
 circumstances. 
 
 hona To be blended, to be united. 
 
 karua To blend. 
 
 rahna To live together. 
 
 Shamiyana A canopy, awning (often used to express 
 
 a tent). 
 
 Shams (From Heb. and Chald. word signifying 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 181 
 
 to minister, to serve, and as the sun does so 
 in giving light to the universe so it is 
 applied to that luminary), hence the sun. 
 
 Shaius-nl-'nlama The sun of the learned, a title of a chief 
 
 maulvi in Constantinople, and adopted 
 by the Government of India to bestow 
 distinction on learned maulvis. 
 
 Shamshad The box tree, a term applied metaphori- 
 cally to the form of a mistress. 
 
 Shamslier A scimitar, sword. 
 
 -bahadnr Applied ironically to a useless, worthless 
 
 fellow. 
 
 -zan A swordsman. 
 
 -zan-i Swordsmanshij). 
 
 Shams-i Solar. 
 
 kamai'-i Solar and lunar ; a perquisite taken by 
 
 the officers of government, being the 
 difference between the pay for a lunar 
 and solar month. A monthly period of 
 three or four days, during which the 
 female attendants in the women's apart- 
 ments have leave of absence. 
 
 Shan (a.) Business, affair, dignity, pomp, state, 
 
 condition, degree, constitution, nature, 
 disposition. 
 
 dar A person of state and dignity, a man 
 
 of rank. 
 
 Shan (p.) A honeycomb 
 
 Shangarf Cinnabar, vermilion. 
 
 Shankar A name of Mahadera. 
 
 Shankara 
 
 I 
 
 , Names of musical modes or raginis. 
 
 -bbaran ' 
 
 Shankaracharj Name of a Hindu fakir, celebrated for 
 
 having persecuted the sect of jain. 
 
 Shankai-achari The followers of Shankaracharj. 
 
 8hankar-i A name of Parwati. 
 
 Shar'., The precepts of Mnhamiuad, law, equity, 
 
 a high road. 
 
 Shar'i Lawful, religious. 
 
 Sharab Wine, spirituous liquor. 
 
182 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Sharab-an tahur^ Nectar. 
 
 khaua A tavern. 
 
 • khwar Drinking wine. 
 
 -khwar-i Wine-drinking, drunkenness. 
 
 zada Indisposed or affected with wine. 
 
 Sharab-i A wine-bibber, a drunkard. 
 
 Sharabor Dripping wet. 
 
 Sharaf. Nobility, eminence, rank, excellency. 
 
 Sharafat Nobility. 
 
 Sharakat Partnership. 
 
 Shararat | w i i ^ ■ 
 
 } Wickedness, depravity, malignancy. 
 
 Sharbat Sherbet, beverage, a dose of medicine. 
 
 dar A butler. 
 
 Sharbat-i A kind of lime or lemon, name of a colour. 
 
 Sharh Explanation, commentary, description, 
 
 allowance, pay, rate. 
 
 -war Explicily. 
 
 Shari'at ThelawsofMuhammad,law,justice,equity. 
 
 Sharif Noble, eminent. 
 
 Sharlf-i-makka The prince of Mecca. 
 
 Sharlfa A custard apple. (Annona squamosa). 
 
 Sharik Partner, accomplice, associate, comrade. 
 
 -hona To partake, to participate. 
 
 Sharlr Vicious, wicked. 
 
 Shark The East, rising. 
 
 Shark-i Eastern, oriental. 
 
 Sharm Bashfulness, modesty, shame. 
 
 -sar Abashed. 
 
 -ana To be abashed, to feel shame. 
 
 Sharmanda Blushing, abashed, ashamed, bashful, 
 
 modest. 
 
 Sharm-griu Bashful, ashamed, modest, coy. 
 
 Sharm-ila Bashful, abashed. 
 
 Sharm-nak Bashful, modest. 
 
 Shurma sharmi Modesty. 
 
 Sliarr Wickedness, depravity, malignancy. 
 
 -1 Vicious, quarrelsome. 
 
 Shart Condition, stipulation, agreement, wager, 
 
 sign, mark, signal. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 183 
 
 Shart-bart Advantage, success, profit, succeeding in 
 
 one's undertaking. 
 
 karna To agree, to bargain. 
 
 Shash-mahl imtihan Half-yearly examination. 
 
 Shast Aim, a large iishing hook, attached to a 
 
 line fastened on shore, the handle of 
 a bow. 
 
 — justa Shot from the bow (an arrow). 
 
 Shastr A weapon, especially one used in the hand. 
 
 dhari Armed, 
 
 karna To use arms. 
 
 8hastr Hindu religious books, Hindu scripture, 
 
 religion, law, institutes of law, science. 
 
 Shastrarth Argument, debate, dispute, discourse. 
 
 Shastr-i Skilled in Hindu law or religious books, 
 
 one skilled in holy science. 
 
 achchhar The Derauagarl character. 
 
 Shatranj Chess. 
 
 -baz A chess player. 
 
 Shatranj-i A kind of carpet. 
 
 -baf A carpet- weaver. 
 
 Shanhar A husband. 
 
 Shank Desire, inclination, love, gaiety, cheer- 
 fulness, curiosity. 
 
 zank Pleasure, delight, gratification. 
 
 Shankat State, dignity, magnificence, majesty. 
 
 Shauk-in Intent upon, desirous, lascivious. 
 
 Shaukiya The part of an epistle which foUows the 
 
 complimentary address. 
 
 Shawal The tenth month of the Muhammadan 
 
 year ; on the first day of which the festival 
 of Bairam, or 'id is celebrated, being 
 the first day after the Mnsalman Lent, 
 and, on this day it is customary to 
 make presents. 
 ShSyasta Worthy, honourable, suitable, polite. 
 
 gl Affability, fitness, propriety. 
 
 -mizaj Affable, mild, good-tempered. 
 
 Shekhan-pnr A town inhabited by descendants of the 
 
 prophet. 
 
184 RMSSARY OP INDIAN TEKMS. 
 
 Shekh-i Boasting, bragging. 
 
 — baz A boaster, braggart. 
 
 uikal jana To have one's pride humbled. 
 
 Sher A tiger, a lion. 
 
 -aiift Tiger-like. 
 
 4-gardun , The sun, the sign Leo. 
 
 i-kali (The eflSgy of a tiger), a person only fit 
 
 to be looked at, a braggart. 
 
 Sherni A lioness. 
 
 SM'ali A follower of the sect of 'All, a sectary. 
 
 Shiddat Violence, force, vehemence, adversity, 
 
 affliction, difficulty. 
 
 Shif a Cure, remedy, healing, convalescence. 
 
 khana A hospital. 
 
 Shikar Hunting, chase, prey, game, plunder,. 
 
 perquisities. 
 
 afgau Game-killer. 
 
 band Cords for tying game to a horse's saddle. 
 
 baz A sportsman. 
 
 gah Place for hunting in. 
 
 Shikar-i Of the chace, relating to hunting, a hunter. 
 
 Shikast Breaking, fracture, deficiency, loss, defeat,. 
 
 broken, odd, uneven. 
 
 -khiirda Broken off, interrupted, defeated. 
 
 Shikasta Broken, bankrupt, sick, a kind of writing,. 
 
 the Persian running hand. 
 bal 
 
 Distressed, broken down, wretched. 
 -par ' 
 
 -bal-i Distress, wretchedness, affliction. 
 
 — dil . . , Distressed, afflicted. 
 
 -dil-i Distress, affliction. 
 
 — hal Distressed, wretched, broken down, ruined.. 
 
 — halxl Indigence, distress, wretchedness. 
 
 -■■khatir Distressed in mind, afflicted, offended. 
 
 —rang Altered in colour, from affliction. 
 
 — wft'da Broken engagements, faithless. 
 
 Hhimal , 
 
 The north, the north-wind, the left-hand^ 
 
 Shamal 
 
 Shiinal-I Northern. 
 
 -nnma The mariner's compass. 
 
GLOSSARy OF INDIAN TERMS. 185- 
 
 Shimal-ru Facing the north. 
 
 Shimar The name of one of Tazid's generals who 
 
 slew Husain in the plains of Karbala,. 
 lience it means, vile, infamous. 
 
 Shiaa Swimming. 
 
 Shinakht Knowledge, understanding. 
 
 Shiuas Knowing, intelligent, acquainted with. 
 
 -I Knowledge. 
 
 Shirk Company, society, partnership, paganism^ 
 
 infidelity. 
 
 SMrkat Partnershij), society. 
 
 SMsha Glass, a battle, a glass. 
 
 -baz A juggler. 
 
 — -baz-T Legerdemain. 
 
 -e sa'at An hour-glass. 
 
 -gar A glass-maker. 
 
 -gar-i Glass-making. 
 
 SMsha-mahall A house or palace all hung with glass. 
 
 ShishI A small glass phial. 
 
 Shitab Haste, quickness, quick, speedy, quickly,, 
 
 expeditiously. 
 
 -baz Hasty, expeditious. 
 
 Shitab-i Quick, hastily, quickness, haste, expedition. 
 
 Shiv 1 I The Deity in the character of Producer and 
 
 Shiw J I Destroyer, of time personified, Mahadev. 
 
 Shiwala. Temple of Siya. 
 
 Shlok A verse, stanza. 
 
 Shola A kind of wood (^Eschynomene palndosa),. 
 
 very light and spongy, used by fishermen 
 for floating their nets. Artificial birds and 
 flowers are made of it; garlands ofthesfr 
 flowers are used in marriage ceremonies. 
 The wood when charred is used for tinder. 
 
 Shor Cry, noise, outcry, disturbance, tumult,. 
 
 salt, vei-y bitter, disturbed, mad. 
 
 angez Exciting tumults. 
 
 bakht Unfortunate, wretched, infamous. 
 
 — — bor Very wet, drenched. 
 
 pnsht Quarrelsome, noisy, encouraging, disturb- 
 ance. 
 
Noise, tumult, bustle, disturbance, clamour. 
 
 186 GLOSSABY or INDIAN TEKMS. 
 
 :Shor-]iiacliaua To make a noise. 
 
 shaghab 
 
 -shar 
 
 sharaba 
 
 sharr 
 
 zamln Barren land. 
 
 gjiora Marshy, barren ground, nitre, saltpetre. 
 
 .gar -^ manufacturer of saltpetre. 
 
 Shorba Broth, soup. 
 
 Shraddha Funeral obsequies (vide, sraddh). 
 
 Shn'a' Light, splendour, lustre, the rays of the 
 
 sun, sunshine. 
 
 Shuban A shepherd. 
 
 :Shnbha Doubt, suspicion, ambiguity, uncertainty. 
 
 bona To be in doubt. 
 
 To doubt, to suspect. 
 
 Shnbha ka Doubtful, suspicious (things). 
 
 Shndani Occurrence, coming to pass. 
 
 Shud bud So so, a little knowledge. 
 
 bona To have some little knowledge. 
 
 _ \ A flower, a bud. 
 
 8higafa | 
 
 lana To bud, to put forth young shoots, to 
 
 produce something new and wonderful. 
 
 Shugufta Expanded, blooming, blown (as a flower). 
 
 bona To be blown (a flower), to be delighted. 
 
 Shugnn 1 
 
 } Augurv, omen. 
 
 Shngun J ^ ■'' 
 
 :Shugun-iya A diviner, an augur, an explainer of 
 
 omens. 
 
 iShnhda A rake, prodigal, debauchee. 
 
 • pan Eaking, debauchery. 
 
 -shikasta Euined and wretched. 
 
 ;Shulira Fame, renown, reputation. 
 
 e-af ak , t. t i 
 
 Renowned, known over the world. 
 
 e-a'lam I 
 
 :Shiihrat Eenown, fame, divulging, report, rumour, 
 
 celebrating. 
 ;Shiija< Brave. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 187 
 
 Shnja'at Bravery. 
 
 Shukka A royal order, a letter (especially from 
 
 a superior). 
 
 Shukr Thanks, gratitude. 
 
 guzar Grateful. 
 
 guzar-i Gratitude. 
 
 -i-ni'inat A.n ackowledgment of favour. 
 
 karua To thank, to return thanks. 
 
 Shnkr-aua Gratitude, thanksgiving. 
 
 Shum Black, unfortunate, unhappy, disgraceful, 
 
 vile, a miser. 
 
 -kadam Unlucky, bad (omen). 
 
 mizaj Stingy. 
 
 — ra , 
 
 Ugly, miserly, avaricious. 
 
 -ri 
 
 -tah^ Ill-tempered. 
 
 Shnmar Counting, computing, numbering, number 
 
 account, note. 
 
 Shumar-i Counting, a rosary. 
 
 Shnrafa (pi. of sharl). Nobles, grandees. 
 
 Shurn' Beginning, commencement. 
 
 bona To be begun or commenced. 
 
 karua To commence, to begin. 
 
 Shnsh The lungs. ■ 
 
 Shnsta Washed, dressed, prepared. 
 
 \ Pure language, or conversation. 
 
 zaban I 
 
 Shust-o-shn Washing. 
 
 .Shutar A camel. 
 
 ban A camel-driver (or keeper). 
 
 dil Timid. 
 
 , — dil-I Timidity. 
 
 -gam. A camel-step. 
 
 ghainza Wickedness, deceit. 
 
 i-be-maliar Incorrigible, refractory. 
 
 --katar A string of camels. 
 
 kina Bearing malice (a propensity of camels). 
 
 murgb An ostrich. 
 
 nal A small gun carried on a camel. 
 
 ^-sawar Mounted on a camel, a camel rider. 
 
188 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Shyam V. $f am. 
 
 Sicha-i Irrigation, the cost of irrigation. 
 
 Sichchha Tuition, teaching. 
 
 Sichna To water, to irrigate. 
 
 Sidh Straight, opposite, accurate. 
 
 Sidha A saint, a holy man, a sort of demigod, 
 
 success, accomplished. 
 
 Sidha Straight, opposite, simple, fair, candid. 
 
 Sidha-i Straightness, simplicity, candour. 
 
 Sidharua To go, to depart, to set off. 
 
 Sidk Truth, veracity, sincerity. 
 
 Sif anat ._ The art of ship- building. 
 
 Sifarish Recommendation. 
 
 -karna To recommend, to intercede. 
 
 nama A letter of introduction. 
 
 Sif arish-I An intercessor, recommended. 
 
 Sifat Praise, quality, attribute, manner, descrip- 
 tion, like, resembling, a noun adjective. 
 
 Sifla I I Ignoble, mean, contemptible, stingy,. 
 
 Saflla I ( miserly, envious. 
 
 '^^^ A plate to throw scraps, bones, on. 
 
 S'S^l . Thought, suspicion, word, speech, enmity, 
 
 hatred. 
 
 §*8** A mould for casting metal, a word declin- 
 able and derivative, the mood of a verb, 
 conjugation, derivation, trade, profession, 
 a form of words used in marriage 
 ceremonies, fund, department. 
 
 Sih-bandi A soldier employed in collecting rents, 
 
 a trident, a contingent. 
 
 -dar-a Three-doored (room). 
 
 -fasl-a Having three harvests. 
 
 ^osha Having three corners, a triangle. 
 
 harf-i Triliteral. 
 
 karrar Three times as much. 
 
 -manzil-a Having three stories (house), 
 
 pahal Trilateral. 
 
 pahai- Afternoon. 
 
 sal-a Triennial. 
 
 Hiharna , To shiver, to shake with cold. 
 
GLOSSAllY OF INDIAN TERMS. ISO 
 
 8ihhat Health, entireness, soundness, perfection, 
 
 integrity, accuracy. 
 
 khaua A necessary. 
 
 Sihr ) I Enrhantraent, magic, necromancy. (Sahir, 
 
 Sahir-I J ( an enchanter, a magician, a necromancer). 
 
 Syda Bowing so as to touch the ground in 
 
 adoration, especially to God. 
 
 S5h The place of performing the sijda. 
 
 karua To adore, to worship. 
 
 Syill A register, the decree of a judge, written 
 
 attestation of a notary, seal of a judge. 
 
 (sigillum). Sijil, the recording angel, 
 
 right, proper, good, well-arranged. 
 Sgjil Hard stones ; stones made of clay, hardened 
 
 in hell fire, on which are inscribed the 
 
 names of certain men, with a catalogue 
 
 of their sin.^. 
 Sikh (s ) Name of a people living in the Panjab 
 
 and in the neighbourhood of Lahose, 
 
 disciples or followers of Kanak. 
 
 Sikh (s.) A disciple, a scholar, a pupil. 
 
 Sikhana To teach. 
 
 Sikha'i 
 
 sua 
 
 „.,,„_ Teaching, instruction. 
 
 Sikhaya 
 
 Sikka. A coining die, an impression on money, 
 
 sterling, current, stamped coin. 
 A stone on which spices are ground, or 
 
 knives sharpened, a hone, a stone in 
 
 general. 
 Silsila A chain, series, succession, descent of a 
 
 family, pedigree. 
 
 i jama' o tafrik . . Arithmetical progression. 
 
 — i khandan Genealogical tree. 
 
 -mu Having the hair in ringlets like chains. 
 
 -war Linked together as a chain, in regular 
 
 order, in a series. 
 
 Sin or Sinn An age, period of life, nib of a pen. 
 
 i hnlng'h Years of discretion. 
 
 i shn'Hr Age of discretion. 
 
 sal Age. 
 
190 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Sin raslda Advanced in years. 
 
 Sina Breast, bosom. 
 
 af^ar Wounded in the bosom. 
 
 band Stays, bodice. 
 
 -basta Locked up in the heart, a secret. 
 
 -chak Bosom-torn, afflicted. 
 
 chak-i Affliction. 
 
 -kharashi Laceration of the breast, affliction. 
 
 koM Beating the breast. 
 
 resh Wounded in the heart, afflicted. 
 
 ) Tormented, distressed. 
 
 soz I 
 
 -zan One who beats his breast at the festival 
 
 of the Mnharram. 
 
 -zan-i Beating the breast. 
 
 -zor Robust, proud of strength. 
 
 -zor-i Strength, robustness, force, oppression. 
 
 Sincha'i The price paid for irrigation. 
 
 Slnchi The season for watering fields. 
 
 Sinchna To irrigate. 
 
 Sindh Sea, ocean, the name of a district, name 
 
 of a musical mode, or ragini. 
 
 Sing A horu. 
 
 Singa A horn (musical), a trumpet. 
 
 Singar Ornament, dress, embellishment,decoration. 
 
 ras One of the nine ras: q.v. 
 
 Singar-liar The weeping Nyctanthes. (Sfyctanthes. 
 
 arbor tristis). 
 
 iya One whose business it is to dress an idol. 
 
 Singarua To dress, to decorate, to embellish. 
 
 SingautI A polishing tool made of horn, an orna- 
 ment of metal on the horns of a bullock. 
 
 Singh 1 f A lion, the sign Leo, a title used by 
 
 Sinha j j Hindus, Rajputs. 
 
 Singi Name of a kind of fish. (Silnrns pun- 
 
 gentissimns). A cup for cupping. 
 
 lagana To cup. 
 
 Singiya A kind of poison. 
 
 Singhar 1 ( Making away, killing, murdering, slaughter, 
 
 Sanghar j 1 destruction, bloodshed, killed. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 191 
 
 Singhara A handkerchief folded diagonally, a species- 
 
 of water-nut, growing in ponds, and 
 edible. 
 
 Singhasan A throne. 
 
 par bithana To enthrone, install. (The term generally- 
 used, is to place on the gaddi, H. for 
 a sovereign's throne). 
 
 Singhini 
 
 „. , _ , , A lioness. 
 
 Singham I *■ 
 
 Singra A powder-horn. 
 
 STni A salver, tray, trough. 
 
 Sink The culm of the grass (AndropogOtt 
 
 mnricatnm) of which brooms are made. 
 
 Sinkdar Broom-shaped. 
 
 Smkiya Striped, a kind of striped cloth. 
 
 Sip A shell, a kind of mango. 
 
 Sipah pi. Soldiers, an army. 
 
 gar-I The military profession. 
 
 phir jana Revolt or treachery in an army. 
 
 Sipah (Contract, of sipah.) 
 
 salar A general. 
 
 Sipah-i A soldier {pulg. sepoy). 
 
 Sipahr The sphere, the celestial globe, the sky,. 
 
 fortune, time, the world. 
 Sipahr-i Afternoon, from sih or si, three, anct 
 
 pahar, watch. 
 
 Sipa'i A tripod, trivet, three-legged stool or table.. 
 
 Sipar A shield, target. 
 
 dar-i Protecting, shielding. 
 
 Si-para Each one of the thirty sections, or thfr 
 
 thirty sections into which the Kur'an 
 
 is divided. 
 Sir The head, the top. 
 
 — charha Proud, haughty. 
 
 — charhaua To exalt, assume, to be arrogant, to 
 
 shew respect. 
 
 — charhke marua To lay the guilt of one's blood at th& 
 
 door of another. 
 
 — dharna To be obedient. 
 
 ■ — dhnnna To shake the head from affliction. 
 
■192 GLOSSABY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 LSir dub Perfectly wet. 
 
 — karna To begin. 
 
 — karhna To become conspicuous. 
 
 — ke bhal Head-foremost. 
 
 — ko kadaiu karna To go quickly but with respect. 
 
 — khnjanS To court punishment. 
 
 — marna To take great pains, to search diligently. 
 
 — mnndana To quit one's connections and adopt a 
 
 life of mendicity. 
 
 — uawana To be humble, to be obedient. 
 
 — parasti karna To protect, to aid. 
 
 — par charhana To spoil a child or servant, to raise an 
 
 inferior above one's self. 
 
 — par khak dalna To lament. 
 
 — phirana To labour in vain. 
 
 — pitna To lament. 
 
 — torna To subdue. 
 
 — nthaua To rebel, to rise up against any one. 
 
 — nthate hi pamal hojana To be crushed in the commencement of 
 
 one's undertaking. 
 
 Sir Madness. 
 
 Sir (I.) Damp. 
 
 Sir (s.) Husbandry, agriculture. 
 
 Sir (p.) Garlic. 
 
 Sira A kind of sweet-meat made of meal and sugar. 
 
 : Sira A channel through which fields are watered. 
 
 :Sir-a Mad. 
 
 Sira Head, extremity, end. 
 
 Siraj A candle, a lamp, the sun. 
 
 :Slrajna To create, produce, form. 
 
 Siran A mad woman. 
 
 Sirat Disposition, temperament, nature, qualities, 
 
 way of life. 
 
 Sirat A road. 
 
 n-l-mnstaklm The right way, i.e. the Muhammadan 
 
 religion. 
 
 ^Slrhl A ladder, stair, step, degree. 
 
 Sirka Vinegar. 
 
 • SirkT A. reed of which mats are made, a reed- 
 mat to keep of rain. 
 
GIOSSAEY OF INDIAN TERMS. i'93 
 
 Sis The head. 
 
 — ^nudhna To bTaid one's hair. 
 
 — phul An ornament for the head. 
 
 Sisa Lead. 
 
 Sisif One of the six seasons, including frofiithe 
 
 11 th of Pans to the 1 1 th of Phagan, de*. 
 
 SiskI Sobbing. 
 
 Sis-kiyan bharua To sob. 
 
 :Sit Dew, cold, moisture. 
 
 — kal Winter. 
 
 Sita Name of the wife of Bama and daughter 
 
 of Jauaka Baja. 
 
 SitB'isli , Praise, returning thanks. 
 
 Sital Cool. 
 
 chlnl Allspice. (Myrtus pimenta). 
 
 ^-pati i . . A kind of fine, cool mat. 
 
 -ta Coolness. 
 
 SItala Smallpox. 
 
 Sltani Tyranny, oppression, injury, violence, 
 
 vexation. 
 
 I Oppressed. 
 
 — kash 
 
 -gar 
 
 A tyrant, an oppressor. 
 
 gar-i V. Sitam^ 
 
 -knshta Killed by oppression, violently slain. 
 
 -zarif-i Elegance or ingenuity in tyranny. 
 
 STta-phal The custard apple. (Annona squamosa). 
 
 Sitar A kind of guitar with three strings. 
 
 i One who plays on the guitar. 
 
 iya J 
 
 Sitara A. star, a kind of fire- work, name of a 
 
 musical instrument with three strings. 
 
 dan An astrologer. 
 
 -ipesliaBi Having a star on the forehead (reckoned 
 
 a fault in a horse). 
 
 shinas An astrologer, an astronomer. 
 
 Sitar-i A small guitar, a rope twisted with 
 
 three strings. 
 
 Situ (sj Boiled rice, rice gruel. 
 
 13 
 
194 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEKMS. 
 
 Sith (Ji.) , Dregs of betel, or anything that has beeft, 
 
 chewed. 
 Slth-a ... Insipid, tasteless. 
 
 • _ I Abusive songs sung by women at weddings.. 
 
 Sithni I ' 
 
 Sitx Whistling. 
 
 bajaua To whistle. 
 
 .l[»az -A. whistler. 
 
 bandhna j 
 
 gnm-hona [ To be distracted or confounded. 
 
 >1)hnlna ' 
 
 Sitla prop. Sitala Small pox, the goddess of small pox. 
 
 Kali, Dnrga, or Bhawant, wife of Sira 
 or MahBdeTE. (Hindus consider small 
 pox a visitation from the goddess, and 
 do not treat the disease from fear of 
 incurring her anger.) 
 
 Siwaa A Temple of Mahadera. 
 
 giyah Black, unfortunate, bad. 
 
 bakht Unfortunate. 
 
 bakbt-i Misfortune. 
 
 -chasm Black-eyed, unkind. 
 
 .idil Black-hearted, malevolent. 
 
 fam Black. 
 
 kalam karna To delineate. 
 
 -kar Wicked, tyrannical. 
 
 -karna To take an account of. 
 
 kaga Miser, niggard, a. sordid wretch. 
 
 ■ mast Dead -drunk. 
 
 posh Clad in black. 
 
 -roz-i Adverse fortune. 
 
 . rfi Black-faced, unlucky, disgraced. 
 
 -tain Black-mouthed (horse), abusive, whose 
 
 curses prevail. 
 
 Siyaha An account-book or written account, a 
 
 list, inventory. 
 
 Siyah-i Blackness, ink. . 
 
 Soch Consideration, reflection, thought, medi-: 
 
 tation. 
 
GliOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 195 
 
 Sochna To think, to meditate, to reflect, to con- 
 sider, to advert (in one's mind). 
 
 Sodh Discharge (of debt), correction, search, 
 
 inquiry. 
 
 Sodhna To pay, to discharge or liquidate a debt» 
 
 to refine metals. 
 
 Sog I j Affliction, grief, sorrow, lamentation, 
 
 Sok j I anguish. 
 
 karna To mourn, to wail, to observe a period 
 
 of mourning; this observance among 
 women who have lost their husbands, 
 consists in strict seclusion from all those 
 whom they are permitted to visit, or 
 whose visits they may receive. A Hindn 
 widow, though the law now forbids her 
 immolation on the funeral pyre of her 
 dead husband, is, in many parts, com- 
 pelled to have her head shaved, and to 
 be otherwise disfigured. She is treated 
 with contempt; hence her sorrow for 
 her husband's death is aggravated by 
 her unfortunate position as a widow. 
 
 Sog-I Afflicted, grieved. 
 
 Sohau (p.) A file, a whetstone. 
 
 Sohan (s.) Pleasing, a lover, a friend. 
 
 Sohan (Ji.) A kind of sweetmeat. 
 
 Sokht Burnt, burning, a revoke at cards. 
 
 Sokhta Burnt, scorched. 
 
 dil 1 f Inflamed in mind with love or grief, a 
 
 .jan I I slow match, tinder. 
 
 Sokhtan-i Fit or deserving to be burnt. 
 
 Som The moon. 
 
 -war Monday. 
 
 Son An oath. 
 
 Sona To sleep, gold. 
 
 -chandi Gold and silver, riches, wealth. 
 
 Sone ka nawala An expensive , banquet, a delicious 
 
 morsel. 
 
 ^onta -A. club, mace, pestle. 
 
 Sonte-lbardar A mace bearer, a person in the retinue 
 
196 GtOSSAKY or INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 of the great armed with a club, generally 
 covered with silver. 
 i$onth . : Dry ginger, a miser. 
 
 ki SI nas le rahna To endure, to wait patiently, to suffer. 
 
 Sonth ki nas na lena ... To be very covetous. 
 
 Sot 1 I A spring, a fountain, a rivulet, an arm 
 
 Sota J 1 of the sea. 
 
 Soz Burning, vexation, heart-burning, ardour, 
 
 a stanza of a marsiya or elegiac poem. 
 ^ — -gndaz Burning and melting, an impassioned 
 
 style in poetry. 
 
 -khwan One who chants a dirge. 
 
 khwan-I Chanting a dirge. 
 
 Sozan A needle, pricker of a gun. 
 
 Sozish Burning, solicitude, pain, vexation. 
 
 Sozn-i A kind of small embroidered carpet, 
 
 quilted linen, tamboured work. 
 
 r 
 
 Sraddh Funeral obsequies, consisting in offering 
 
 rice and fruits, &c., to the manes of 
 ancestors : feeding of priests and other 
 prescribed ceremonies in honour of 
 ancestors. 
 
 Sraddha Faith, belief, fondness, desire. 
 
 Sradki , The name of a tribe of Hindus. 
 
 Sarap or srap Cursing, a curse. 
 
 dena To curse. 
 
 Saresh, prop, siresh Glue. 
 
 r 
 
 Sri Prosperity, name of Laohhmij wife of 
 
 Tishnn, written before HindB proper 
 names of persons, master, sir. 
 
 Srisht 1 
 
 Srishti ? The creation, the world. 
 
 Sarisht ' 
 
 Sthapan Causing to stand, placing, fixing, as the 
 
 placing of a god. 
 
 Sn (In compos :) signifies good, well. 
 
 — rtanl Beautiful, well-shaped. 
 
 — dhal Neat, elegant. 
 
 Sn A side, part, towards. 
 
 - -ba-su Side by side. 
 
GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERES. 197 
 
 Sn'a A parrot, a needle with which gunny 
 
 bags are sewed, a packing needle, an 
 awn of corn. 
 
 Suba A province, also, in Hindustan, a go- 
 vernor. 
 
 8&l)a-dar The cLief (or lieutenant) of a province, 
 
 a military officer among Indian troops 
 whose rank corresponds with that of a 
 captain. 
 
 -dar-i The office of lieutenant of a province, 
 
 the government of a province. 
 
 Snbh Co-) Morning, dawn. 
 
 gah The morning time. 
 
 gahau The early dawn. 
 
 gah-i Of the morn. 
 
 -i-kazib Just before daybreak. 
 
 -i-sadik Dawn of day. 
 
 khez Eising early in the morning. 
 
 kbez-a 1 j A thief who rises early in the morning 
 
 khez-iya ( 1 and steals before people are awake. 
 
 Snbh (sj Good, pleasant, agreeable, happy, fortunate. 
 
 Snbha A rosary. 
 
 gardan Turning or revolving the rosary. 
 
 gardan-I The turning, or counting the beads in, 
 
 tbe rosary. 
 
 Sttb'han Praising, glorifying God, a title of the 
 
 deity. 
 
 Sub'hSn-i Of God, divine. 
 
 Sii-bhaw Good disposition, disposition, nature, 
 
 manner, well-disposed, of good quality. 
 
 Snbheta ) ..... 
 
 ? Opportunity, convenience, time, leisure. 
 
 Subk-I ' 
 
 Snbka'i 
 
 Snbka'i 
 
 Siibar 1 
 
 g^jjj.g I Impure, alloyed silver. 
 
 Snbnk, prop. Sabnk Light (either in weight or character), 
 
 debased, unsteady. 
 -bar Lightly, burdened, unencumbered. 
 
 Lightness, levity. 
 
198 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 
 
 Snbnk-dosh Lightly laden. 
 
 pa Swift-footed. 
 
 — rau , 
 
 Quick, swift, light-paced. 
 
 Swiftness, celerity. 
 
 Snchet Attentive, mindful, careful, a"ware, cautious. 
 
 Sndh Memory, remembrance, sensation, con- 
 sciousness, notice, care. 
 
 be sndh Beside one's self, accurate, correct, pure, 
 
 clean, unpolluted. 
 
 • bndh Sense, perception, sensation, care. 
 
 rakhna To regard, look after, remember. 
 
 Sndha Proper, true, straight, simple, artless. 
 
 Sndharna To be correct, to be mended. 
 
 Sndharna To adorn, to adjust. 
 
 SSd-i ^ Money borrowed at interest. 
 
 Sud-mand Profitable, useful, -beneficent, benefited, 
 
 profited. 
 
 SSd-mand-i Usefulness. 
 
 Sndr, Shndra A person of the fourth or servile tribe 
 
 of Hindus. (Composed principally of 
 the aborigines of the country, at the 
 time of the Aryan immigration. The 
 caste divisions, and ■ restrictions as to 
 intermarriage were imposed, partly for 
 social reasons, and partly to prevent 
 further intermarriages between the 
 Aryans and the- aborigines of India. 
 For the latter purpose, however, the 
 prohibition came too late, and it is very 
 doubtful whether there are, at the 
 present day, any Hindus, however high 
 their caste, of pure Aryan descent. 
 A girl's selecting a husband for herself, 
 
 Snembar 1 the public selection of a husband by a 
 
 S-vrayambar J ' ' princess or lady of rank from among a 
 
 number of assembled suitors. 
 
 racliua. ...... To hold an assembly or tournament for 
 
 the selection of a husband. 
 
 Snf. Wool, also silk, thread and cotton. 
 
GLOSSAEY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 199 
 
 :Snfi A Musalman sectary, holding peculiar 
 
 notions. 
 
 -nl-mazhab Belonging to the Sufi sect. 
 
 _ ._- , , A medicine, dry and unmixed, a powder, 
 
 Suf uf ' ' ' ■^ ^ 
 
 . I . rags put in the bottom of an ink-stand 
 
 to absorb the ink. 
 Sngand I | Good smell, odour, perfume, fragrant, 
 
 Sn-gandh j | sweet-smeUing. 
 
 Snghar Elegant, accomplished, beautiful, virtuous. 
 
 bhalai Currying favour, flattery. 
 
 Su-gyan Wisdom, intelligence, sagacity. 
 
 Suha Eed, crimson, name of a musical mode 
 
 or rag. 
 Snhag Such ornaments as are worn by married 
 
 women, while their husbands are alive. 
 
 ka itr A kind of perfume. 
 
 A casket of jewels presented by the bride- 
 
 -pitara ) groom to the bride, a paper of ingre- 
 
 — -pura j ' dients for painting the head presented 
 
 , by the bridegroom to the bride. 
 
 : ntarna To become a widow. 
 
 Snhagan A married woman whose husband ia alive 
 
 because she then wears the snhag. 
 «uhal j 
 
 Sahali [ Bread or cakes fried in butter. 
 
 Snhar ) 
 
 Suhana...... Agreeable, pleasant, charming, to be 
 
 agreeable, to please, to be liked or 
 : approved of. 
 Snhbat Companionship, society, an assembly, a 
 
 fair, coition, discourse. 
 
 bar-ar An acquaintance, 
 
 bar-ar-i Acquaintance. 
 
 -dar-I Keeping company with, associating, 
 
 acquaintance. 
 
 yafta Used to good society, of a society. 
 
 Snhbat-I Companion, comrade. 
 
 :Su'i A needle. 
 
 ka senbal A bubble. 
 
200 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN STEIUklS. 
 
 8|i'i fee ii$Ke se klyijarl 
 
 ko nikalna "To draw (anything large) through the 
 
 eye of a needJe", a .phrase «xprfiseiag 
 
 the perforn^nce of things appajrently 
 
 impossible. 
 
 Hidayat (a poet, whose name 
 
 signifies in Arabic 'rightr 
 
 eousness' — says Tha kam I ''This, O Almighty was thy woj-V, to 4raw 
 
 yiji tera li? ShndSwand / the universe through the eye of a needj«,'^ 
 
 ta'ala; la sn'i ke qi^ke 
 
 se khnda-J ko joikalS'r 
 
 Sgj . . . , Swelling. 
 
 Svja, A borer, a gimlet. 
 
 SflJJi .• Sight, 
 
 Snji ff.J A tailor, 
 
 Siaji (h.) , . Mpal, flour (grpund coarse). 
 
 Spjna To swell, to rise. 
 
 Sjik , The plaivet Venus, Friday. 
 
 S9ka A quarter of a rupee piece, iawf auSs. . 
 
 Snkas Leisure. 
 
 Snkh Ease, tranquillity, easy oirAujpstances,. 
 
 content, happiness, pleasure, delight, 
 
 ?lt>5s , . ■ Abode of happiness. 
 
 chain Ease,, rest, leisure, tranquiUity. 
 
 da'I Ease-affording, comforter, giver of ease, 
 
 -darsan A shrub, the juice of which is given f<* 
 
 the ^I'Taciie. 
 
 -t: — rdbam Abode of happiness. 
 
 -karna To live at ease. 
 
 — r-rp^aa , To get ease, rest, leisuj-e, 
 
 tala , , . A piece of leather placed on the sole- 
 within th/e shoe. 
 
 SBkha Dry, dry tobacco eaten w^h beteUeaf,. 
 
 a coasumption, atrophy. 
 
 dhan IRipe burnt up with the sun's rays. 
 
 .-^awab , , A dry answer, a flat refusal. 
 
 parna fo occur (a drought). 
 
 Siikham Abstracted, 
 
 Snkhan V. sakhnn. 
 
 Snkhauii To dry, to evaporate. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN XJlJUftS. SO'!' 
 
 Sukh-i I I At ease, happy, tranquil, contented, com- 
 
 Snkhiya j 1 fortable. 
 
 Snkhit TranqBil. 
 
 i^lkbua. To dry, dry up, evaporate, fall away, to 
 
 pinp away, wither. 
 
 8ukh-pal A kind of palki. 
 
 Snkun , Quietude, peace, rest. 
 
 Soknnat Residence, dwelling, habitation,tranquillity> 
 
 ■ — guzm A -riesident, an inhabitant. 
 
 Saknt , „., , ., ^ 
 
 Silence^ quietness, peace, silent. 
 
 Snkat 
 
 Siukr Ch.J ,. . See : SBk. 
 
 Sukr Ca.J Ab intoxicating drink, wine, intoxication.- 
 
 Sukwar Delicate, feeble. 
 
 Sul ,...,.,. .Colic, the point of a spear, pike or tfidefli,, 
 
 a thorn, icompassion, tenderness. 
 
 Sa-lac)iffibiadi ) „ -, . , , 
 
 „ ,,, ( Good sign or mark, beauty. 
 
 Su-lakshan J ■ a > j 
 
 Snlacbhni ,......., jFavouiable^ well-behaved. 
 
 ^nlagna To light, to be kindled, to be inflamed,. 
 
 to burn without smoke or flame. 
 
 Snlahi A game played with i 6 kauris. 
 
 ^ulaiman ...,..., Solomon, the son of David, 
 
 Snlaiman-I Belonging to Solomon, an onyx. 
 
 Snlajhna To be unravelled or disentangled. 
 
 Snlana To cause .or put to sleep, to kill, tft 
 
 murder, 
 
 i^iila deua To kill, to murder. 
 
 Sulfa Little balls of tobacco, ganja or chara» 
 
 sra^tked in a hukka, without the inter- 
 vention of a tile. 
 
 Sulflyai 1 
 
 „ ,„ _, } Pertaining to a hukka. 
 
 Snlflyah^ J o . . 
 
 Sulgana To light, to inflame, to kindle. 
 
 8ulh Peace, reconciliation, treaty, truce, concord. 
 
 rii-kull Perfect reconciliation, definitive treaty. 
 
 ^-nama . . , An agreement of peace. 
 
 SBli - An empaling stake, a name of Mahadeva. 
 
 charhana | 
 
 , 1 > To empale. 
 
 dena 
 
■202 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 iSnljhana To unravel, to disentangle. 
 
 Snltan, pi. Salatin A prince, a sovereign, power. 
 
 tinltana An empress. 
 
 'Snltan-i Eegal, princely, belonging to a sovereign, 
 
 a kind of broad cloth (prop, snltan-i 
 
 banat). 
 rSnlnk Eoad, way, manner, mode, intercourse, 
 
 usage, treatment, - civility, kindness, 
 
 attention, 
 
 karna To treat, to proceed with, to treat with 
 
 kindness. 
 
 iSnlwana To cause to put to sleep, (cans : of sona, 
 
 to sleep). 
 
 Sum A hoof. 
 
 Samba A sponge-staff, a ramrod. 
 
 Sumbnl Spikenard (to which the locks of a mis- 
 tress are compared), the hyacinth. 
 
 -istan Hyacinth-bed. 
 
 iSnmern A mountain in Hindu m.ythology the 
 
 residence of the gods. The north pole. 
 
 Sun Insensible, without sensation, palsied. 
 
 Sunar A goldsmith. 
 
 Sunar-T The trade of a goldsmith, a good, hand- 
 some woman. 
 
 Snnd . . . . • The proboscis of an elephant. 
 
 SSnda A weevil or small insect in corn. 
 
 Snngh Smell. 
 
 Snngha Staunch (as a dog), a person employed 
 
 in Maharatta armies, who was said to 
 be able to detect hidden treasure or 
 grain by the smell of the earth. 
 
 Snnna To hear, a dot, a cipher. 
 
 Sunnat Circumcision, the traditions of Muhainmad. 
 
 karna To circumcise. 
 
 Sunn-i Lawful, an orthodox Muhammadan, who 
 
 reveres equally the four successors of 
 Muhammad, and, hence, - called also 
 char-yar-I (the Turks are Sunnis; the 
 Persians are Slti'ahs, g.v.) 
 
 Suus A porpoise. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 203 
 
 Suusan Still, silent, dreary. 
 
 ^"P^" I Betel-nut. 
 
 Snpiyari J 
 
 > Charge, keeping, care, trust, custody. 
 
 bona To be consigned to one's care. 
 
 karna To give in charge, to consign, to entrust. 
 
 -knntnda The committing officer. 
 
 -nama Assignment, delivery, trust or hypothe- 
 cation. 
 
 Supurdagi Delivery, chargy, commitment. 
 
 ka warant .... Warrant of commitment. 
 
 Sn-put 
 
 „ _, , A dutiful, tractable son. 
 
 Saput 
 
 Sur A god, deity, angel, tone, melody, accent, 
 
 song, note. 
 
 milana To sing in tune. 
 
 Snr A hero, the sun, a horn, trumpet. 
 
 SHra A chapter, or division of the Kur'an (there 
 
 being 114 in number). 
 gae The Yak of Tartary, or bushy tailed bull 
 
 of Tibet. 
 
 Suragh Search, inquiry, sign, mark, spying. 
 
 laganal ^ , , i ^ 
 
 t To search, to seek, to spy. 
 
 lema J 
 
 milna To get an inkling of. 
 
 rasani Tracing, detection, discovery. 
 
 SurShi A goblet, a long-neoked flask, a jar, a 
 
 jug (In India, this utensil is generally 
 made of earthenware, something in shape 
 like an English water-bottle, but with 
 a longer neck). 
 
 bardar The carrier of the flask or goblet. 
 
 dar Shaped in form of a surahl (a pearl). 
 
 Suraj The sun. 
 
 bansi The family or race of the sun, in con- 
 tradistinction with the chandU orchan- 
 dela, who claim descent from the moon. 
 
 " I Eclipse of the sun. 
 
 grahan J 
 
204. GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Suraj-mnkli-i Sun-flower, (Helianthns ammns), a kind 
 
 of parasol. 
 
 Siirakh A hole, orifice, passage. 
 
 Snran^ A mine, subterraneous passage, (partica* 
 
 larly dug by thieves), light-bay, red. 
 
 lagana To mine, to plot. 
 
 nraaa To explode, blow up. 
 
 SHrat Form, face, countenance, appearance, por- 
 trait, manner, condition, state. 
 
 -ashna An acquaintance. 
 
 gar A painter, limner, sculptor. 
 
 -haram Plausible.specious, superficial,(fair without 
 
 and foul within). 
 
 -i-hal A statement. 
 
 Snratan " In form, in shape, in appearance. 
 
 SBrt Exterior, apparent. 
 
 Surkh Jled, 
 
 St. Anthony's fire. 
 
 bed A kind of cane. 
 
 lab-i Redness of the, lips. 
 
 posh Dressed in red. 
 
 rii Honourable — not pale with the con- 
 sciousness of guilt). 
 
 rn-i Honour, character, fame. 
 
 Snrkh-i Eedness, blood, brick-dust. 
 
 I^urma A collyrium (generally considered to be 
 
 antimony, but what is used in India 
 is an ore of lead), with which the eyelids 
 are stained, especially those of women 
 and children, partly from a notion that 
 it adds to beauty, and partly, because 
 it is considered to strengthen the sight. 
 
 aluda Stained with snrma. 
 
 (Ian 1 
 
 J- - (■ A box for holding snrma. 
 
 honS To be reduced to a fine powder. 
 
 karna To reduce to powder. 
 
 laganii To apply snrma to the eyelids. 
 
 Snrsuri Titillation, an insect bred in grain. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 205 
 
 Surt Consideration, reflection, memory, atten- 
 tion, caution, accuracy. 
 
 Surta 1 j Mindful, considerate, prudent, intelligent, 
 
 Surt-ila j ' I accurate. 
 
 Surnp Good form or appearance, beautiful, 
 
 handsome. 
 
 Surur Pleasure, joy, cheerfulness. 
 
 hona To get to the head, to be flushed with 
 
 wine. 
 
 Sus (a.) Liquorice. 
 
 SHs (i.) A porpoise. 
 
 Snsa Gasping, panting. 
 
 SSsi A kind of cloth. 
 
 Su-sU Well-disposed, good-natured, of good man- 
 ners, polite. 
 
 Sust Kelaxed, lazy, negligent, slow, dilatory, 
 
 languid, feeble, indolent. 
 
 -paimau Unsteady to one's engagement. 
 
 Sustana 1 _ 
 
 _ _ \ To rest. 
 
 Sustana J 
 
 Snst-i Eelaxation, languor, laz-iness, negligence, 
 
 dilatoriness, remissness. 
 
 karna To relax, to work lazily. 
 
 Snt A son. 
 
 (Swati) Snt The issue of Arcturus, a pearl (from a 
 
 popular belief that drops of rain, falling 
 into shells in October, when the sun's 
 longitude corresponds with that of Arc- 
 turus, are converted into pearls). 
 
 sat Thread, yarn, a silver thread, a stamen 
 
 (in botany), a tendril. 
 
 buuti A kind of needle- work. 
 
 Suta A daughter. 
 
 Satak ■ Uncleanuess or impurity contracted by 
 
 the members of a family on the birth 
 of a child or the death of a person. 
 
 Sutal Hell, or a place three stages under the 
 
 surface of the earth. Hunteb. 
 
 Sutar A carpenter, time, opportunity. 
 
 Sutarl An awl. 
 
206 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Snthan 
 
 „_,, _ Drawers. 
 
 Satnni 
 
 Snthra Good,well,excellent,neat,beautiful,elegaiit. 
 
 Snthra-i Goodness, neatness, beauty. 
 
 SatI Made of cotton thread. 
 
 SStli String, twine. 
 
 Su'ubat Difficulty, trouble. 
 
 Sn'iid Ascent. 
 
 Suwal Interrogation, questioning, question, pro- 
 position, request, begging. 
 
 karna To ask a question. 
 
 Suwal-I A questioner, one who sings the marsiya. 
 
 Swami Master, owner, lord, proprietor, a husband* 
 
 an appellation of dandl fakirs. 
 
 Swan A dog, a hound. 
 
 Swang I 1-1 
 
 g _ > Mimicry, acting, imitation, disguise, sham. 
 
 lana 
 
 1 
 
 , _ , To imitate. 
 
 nanna 
 
 Swar Tone, voice, accent, note, a wowel. 
 
 Swarg The sky, the first hearen of the Hindiis, 
 
 heaven, V. lok. 
 
 Swargi 
 
 I 
 
 . _ Heavenly, celestial. 
 
 Swargiya ' ■' 
 
 Swarth Wordly aifairs, desire, object, end, aim, self- 
 ishness, one's own purpose, self-interest. 
 
 Swarth-i Selfish. 
 
 Swati The star Arcturus, the fifteenth mansion 
 
 of the moon. V. Sut. 
 
 r 
 
 Syam Black or dark blue, an epithet of Krishna^ 
 
 name of a musical mode or ragini, 
 name of a bird, a black cuckoo. 
 
 chirl Name of a bird. 
 
 Syan Name of a bird. 
 
 Syana 1 
 
 !• Cunning, artful, clever, prudent, mature. 
 
 Siyana j 
 
 Syanap i 
 
 Syan-pan \ Cunning, art. 
 
 Syan-pana J 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 20T 
 
 T. T. T. 
 
 Ta'addi Extortion, exorbitancy, oppression, wrong,. 
 
 injury, tyranny, violence, cruelty. 
 
 Ta'ahhnl Marriage, establishing a family. 
 
 Ta^akknb Punishment, chastisement. 
 
 Ta'akknl. Understanding, perceiving, informing. 
 
 Ta'akub Pursuit, persecuting, alternate succession,. 
 
 following. 
 
 Ta'ala Most high. 
 
 Ta'ala-llah The most high God. 
 
 Ta'al aUah Good God! 
 
 Ta'alli Exalting one's self, appearing conspicuous. 
 
 Ta'allnk Relationship, connection, dependence, pro-i 
 
 perty, possession, appertaining, consider- 
 ation, reflection, commerce, correspon- 
 dence, a manor, lordship. 
 
 at-i-dnnyavi Worldly concerns. 
 
 .dar Possessor of an estate, a lord of a manor,, 
 
 landlord, feoffee. (Those holding this 
 position under Government in Oudh and 
 the N. W. P., are so called; in Bengal 
 such are designated zamin-dar, which 
 has the same signification). 
 
 Ta'allul Procrastination, excuse, objection. 
 
 Ta'allnm Learning, study, knowledge, being taught^ 
 
 Ta'am Victuals, eating. 
 
 bakhsh A large spoon to serve out food with. 
 
 talash. A sponger. 
 
 Ta'at Devotion, obedience, obsequiousness. 
 
 Ta'b Labour, lassitude, weariness, toil, trouble. 
 
 Tab Heat, light, splendour, power, endurance, 
 
 brooking, rage, fury, twisting, contortion. 
 
 dar Bright, luminous, twisted. 
 
 dena To twist. 
 
 lana To be able to bear. 
 
 tilli Aifection of the spleen. 
 
-20ff GHiOMAKY OF INDIAN TERMS'. 
 
 'Tab Sweet, agreeable, good, pure, excellent. 
 
 Tab' Nature, genius, temperament, quality, 
 
 disposition. 
 
 azma-I Trial cif genius. 
 
 -zad Invention, production of genius. 
 
 TabSbait The prii<etice of medicine. 
 
 Tabah Ba(d, wicked, depraved, abject, spoiled, 
 
 ruined, wretched^ 
 
 Tabah^nr Profoundness in learning. 
 
 Tabah^a Wickedness, depravity, ruin, perdition. 
 
 Tkbak A cover, plate, dish,- leaf, disk, gold-leaf, 
 
 tinfoil, one thing following another or 
 
 consecutive, the story of a house, class, 
 
 order, degree. 
 Tabaka 1 | A story, floor, stage, degree, class, order, 
 
 Tabka | ( rank, shelf. 
 
 Tabakhtnr Strutting, walking with a haughty gait 
 
 or a rolling motion. 
 
 TabSn Respleadent, splendid, glittering, burning. 
 
 Taban-T Splendour, light. 
 
 Tabar ■. . A small lake. 
 
 Tabar A hatchet, an axe. 
 
 -bardar I . , , , 
 
 > A.n axe-bearer, a wood-cutter. 
 
 zan I 
 
 -zTn A horseman's battle-axe. 
 
 Tabar People, nation, race, tribe, family. 
 
 Tabarak Be blessed, bless. 
 
 -allah God be blessed. 
 
 Tabarra Curse of a Shi'ah over a Snnni. 
 
 Tabarruk Benediction, congratulation, a portion of 
 
 presents (or what is left of food presented 
 to great men), given to their dependents, 
 sacred relics. 
 
 Tabasbir The sugar of the bamboo. 
 
 Tab-dan A lattice, a sky-light. 
 
 TabdTI Change, alteration, difference, transpor- 
 tation, migration. 
 
 bona To be changed. 
 
 karna To change, to alter. 
 
 Tabdill Transfer. 
 
GLOSSAKI OF INDIAN TERMS. 209 
 
 Tabi' Dependent, follower, subject. 
 
 dar Dependent, follower. 
 
 dar-i Allegiance, obedience, fidelity. 
 
 dar-i karna To obey, to serve, to submit. 
 
 hona To be subject, to be dependent. 
 
 ■ karna To control, to subject. 
 
 Tab-'i Natural. 
 
 Tabi'at Genius, nature, disposition, temperament, 
 
 constitution, essence, property. 
 
 ana To be attached to. 
 
 bahal hona To recover from illness. 
 
 bahalna To be amused. 
 
 bhar jana To be satiated. 
 
 bigarna To feel sick, to be excited. 
 
 bimar hon5 To be ill. 
 
 dar Clever, sharp. 
 
 lagna To take interest or pleasure in, to be 
 
 attached to. 
 
 • larana To tackle a difficulty. 
 
 larna To tackle a problem. 
 
 na lagna To be disinclined towards, to feel un- 
 comfortable. 
 
 -shinas A physician. 
 
 nlajhna To be entangled in. 
 
 Tabi'at Following, dependence. 
 
 Tabib A physician. 
 
 Tabib-i The business of a physician. 
 
 Tabi'i Natural, of nature, innate, intrinsic. 
 
 Tabi'in Followers, companions. 
 
 Tabinda Shining. 
 
 -gi Splendour, brightness. 
 
 Ta'bir Explanation, interpretation. 
 
 Tabl A drum. 
 
 bajana To beat the drum (with the fingers). 
 
 Tabla A small tambourin. 
 
 Tablak A file or bundle of papers. 
 
 Tablak A little drum. 
 
 Tabl i jang Martial drums. 
 
 Tabrid Cooling, refreshing, a cooling and refresh- 
 
 14^ 
 
210 GLOSS AEY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 ing drink, usually given after a (A,) 
 jullab (a purge). 
 
 Tabut A coffin, a bier, thq ark of the convenant, 
 
 presented by God to Adafli, and which 
 (according to Muhammadans) contained 
 the portraits of all the prophets., (In 
 the muharram, g.v., when the obsequies 
 of Husain are annually commemorated 
 by the sM'ah Cg.v.J sect, the tabut of 
 the martyr is carried in procession). 
 
 Tadarnk Reparation, remedy, precaution, provision, 
 
 preparation (particularly, to obtain jus- 
 tice), the instruments and means used 
 to procure justice — as writings, lawyers,, 
 witnesses, &c., chastisement, retaliation, 
 
 karna To provide against, to prepare, to oppose,. 
 
 to chastise. 
 
 Tadawnl Tradition. 
 
 Tadbir Deliberation, counsel, contrivance, opinion,. 
 
 (pi. tadbirat). advice, government, regulation, arrange- 
 
 ment, order, management. 
 
 i-ghiza Eegimen of diet. 
 
 i-saltanat Politics. 
 
 Tadf in Burial, interment. 
 
 Tadrq Gradation, scale. 
 
 Tafakknd Searching for a thing lost, kindness. 
 
 Tafakknh Admiring,penitence,enjoyment of any things 
 
 Tafakkur 'Reflection.meditating, considering, anxiety.. 
 
 Taf aruk Division, separation. 
 
 Taf awnt Distance, difference, distinction, disparity, 
 
 distant, separate, away, absent. 
 
 bolna To prevaricate. 
 
 Tafrih Eejoicing, exhilarating, amusement. 
 
 -i-tab' Ease of mind, cheerfulness, hilarity. 
 
 Tafrik Separation,division,partition,participation,. 
 
 jealousy, misunderstanding, department.. 
 
 karna To analyse. 
 
 Tafrika Separation, dispersion. 
 
 ■■ — dena. To sow dissension. 
 
 karna To separate. 
 
GLOSSABY OF INDIAN TERMS. 211 
 
 Tafsil Explanation, analysis, separation, division, 
 
 detail. 
 
 -war Distinctly , in detail. 
 
 Tafsir Explanation, commentary, paraphrase, an 
 
 interpretation of the Kur'an. 
 
 Tafta Hot, burning, melted, quick lime. 
 
 -gi Heat, ardour, trouble of mind. 
 
 Taftish Examination, inquiry, search, investigation, 
 
 research. 
 
 Tateih Disgrace, disrepute. 
 
 Tafzll Excellence, preeminence. 
 
 Tag Eunning. 
 
 Ta^a 1 
 
 \ A thread, a strand or thread of twist. 
 
 Taggi ) 
 
 Taga'i The price paid for quilting, the act of 
 
 quilting. 
 
 Tagana To cause to be quilted, to get stitched 
 
 together. 
 
 Tagarg Hail. 
 
 Tag-dau | ( Fatigue, running about on business or in 
 
 Tag"0-dau | 1 search of employment, great exertion. 
 
 Taghaiyur Change, alteration, removal. 
 
 TagMr Alternation, change, changed, discharged, 
 
 dismissed. 
 
 . hona To be altered, removed or dismissed. 
 
 ■ karna To remove from an office, to dismiss, 
 
 to alter. 
 
 Taghir-i The state of alteration or change, revo- 
 lution, discharge, dismission. 
 
 Taghma A mark which artists put on their pro- 
 ductions, device on a shield, a medal. 
 
 Tagna. To quilt, to stitch together. 
 
 Tag-o-pB. Search, inquiry, bustle. 
 
 Tag-o-taz Eunning, course, gallop. 
 
 Xah Eold, plait, the bottom, beneath, under, 
 
 intent; meaning. 
 
 ^band A cloth worn round the waist, and pass- 
 ing between the legs; (V. langot-i and 
 dhoti). 
 
 ba-tah Plait by plait, every fold. 
 
212 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tah-ba-tah karna To pile one upon another. 
 
 bazar-T Ground- rent of a stall in the market. 
 
 dar Having foundaiion or meaning, rational. 
 
 darz New. 
 
 deg-i The scrapings of a pot, the burnt part 
 
 of victuals that sticks to the bottom 
 of a pot. 
 
 - — -deha To tinge slightly. 
 
 kar rakho Fold and laj' it by, i.e. keep it to your- 
 self (is used, to express the speaker's 
 independance, or his not . wanting the 
 thing spoken of). 
 
 khina A cavern, a cellar, a room under ground, 
 
 a lower story, a vault. 
 
 marna A disease of a horse, from excessive 
 
 thirst, affecting the flanks. 
 
 nishin bona To subside, to, settle. 
 
 -o-bala Topsy-turvy, upside down . 
 
 o-bala karnS To subvert, to overthrow. 
 
 pahnnchna To get to the bottom, to find out. 
 
 Taha'if (pi. of tnhfa 1 j Earities, varieties, curiosities, choice ar- 
 
 Tnhfajat j ' ( tides, presents. 
 
 Tahaiyur Amazement, wonder, astonishment. 
 
 Tahajji Spelling, 
 
 (Huruf-i ) The letters of the alphabet. 
 
 Tahajjud A form of prayer said during the night, 
 
 wakefulness, sleeping sound. 
 
 T^lial Housewifery, housekeeping, duty, service, 
 
 task, business, work, job, use, drudgery. 
 
 karna To serve, to drudge. 
 
 lagani To dance attendance. 
 
 na To walk backwards and. . forwards, to 
 
 take the air, to rove,, to -ramble. 
 
 ni A maid-servant. 
 
 takor Business, duty, work. 
 
 wS A servant, attendant, menial. 
 
 Tahammnl Patience, endurance, long-suffering, resig- 
 nation, forbearance, truce, peace, meek- 
 ness, humility. 
 
 Ttthana To fold, to ply, to wrap. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERTHS. 213 
 
 Taharat Purity, cleanliness, sanctity, ablution, 
 
 ceremonial purification. 
 
 karna To become pure, clean, to purify one's self. 
 
 Taharati Pure, clean. 
 
 Tahkik Ascertaining, investigation, trial, verifi- 
 cation, exactness, precision, truth, cer- 
 tainty, authentic, ascertained, actual, real, 
 indubitable, apparent, truly, indeed. 
 
 Tahkir Despising, scorn, neglect, disdain. 
 
 Tahrik Movement, agitation, incitement, exciting 
 
 desire, temptation, encouragement. 
 
 dena To touch, to move, to, aifect, to encourage. 
 
 karna To tempt. 
 
 Tahrir Writing correctly, description, manumis- 
 sion, vifritten, dated. 
 
 i-uklidas Euclid's elements. 
 
 -i-zohri A writing on the back. 
 
 karua To write, describe, record. 
 
 Tahsil Gain, acquisition, profit, attainment, 
 
 learning, collection (particularly of 
 revenues). 
 
 dar A collector, tax-gatherer. 
 
 -dar-i CoUectorship, tax-gathering. 
 
 karna , To acquire, to gain, to collect. 
 
 Tahsil-na To collect, to gather a tax, to oppress, 
 
 to afflict. 
 
 Taksin Approbation, applause, acclamation. 
 
 i akhlak Good breeding, civilization, refinement. 
 
 Taht The inferior part, belovr, under, subjec- 
 tion, possession. 
 
 i-farman Subjection, dominion. 
 
 -lafzi Verbally, literal translation, interlinear 
 
 translation. 
 
 meu lana To conquer, to subjugate. 
 
 u-s-sara Under the earth. 
 
 u-sh-shu'a' Change of the moon, conjunction with 
 
 the sun. 
 
 Tahwn Change, transfer, renovation, return, pass- 
 ing of the sun, moon, or a planet from 
 one sign to another. 
 
214 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 TahwHat (pi ) Trusts, charges, cash. 
 
 Tahwil-dar A. cash-keeper, a treasurer. 
 
 Tahwil-dar-i The ofiBce of cash-keeper. 
 
 Tahzib Civilization, politeness. 
 
 -i-akhlak Good breeding, civilization, refinement. 
 
 ^ yafta Civilized, educated, refined. 
 
 Tai EoUing up, folding, travelling, passing 
 
 or crossing over. 
 
 karna To fold, to roll up, to constrain, to 
 
 abridge, to travel, to pass over. 
 
 Ta'i Paternal uncle's wife, an earthen fryingpot. 
 
 Xa'ib Repenting, penitent. 
 
 Ta'Td Aid, assistance, corroboration. 
 
 . -irda^wa Support of a claim. 
 
 -i-kalam Support of a statement. 
 
 karna To help, assist, aid, support, take part 
 
 within, strengthen. 
 
 Ta'idat (pi.) Aids, helps. 
 
 Ta'if Going round, making the circuit of 
 
 anything, night-watches or patrols, name 
 of a city in Arabia. 
 
 Ta'ifa People, tribe, a troop, a band (particu- 
 larly of musicians and dancing women), 
 suit, equipage. 
 
 Ta'in Appointing, deputation, appointment. 
 
 Ta'Inat Appointments, appointment, business. 
 
 karna To appoint, nominate, put in possession. 
 
 Ta'mat-i The object or business of an appointment, 
 
 appointment, tour of service, a guard, 
 nominated for one's special duty. 
 
 Tairak A swimmer. 
 
 Tatrna To swim, to cross over. 
 
 Tals At the same moment. 
 
 Taish Levity, folly, anger, passion. 
 
 Taiyar Flying quickly. 
 
 Taiyar Heady, prepared, finished, complete, alert. 
 
 hona To be ready. 
 
 karna To get ready. 
 
 Taiyar-i Eeadiness, preparation. 
 
 Taj A crown, diadem, a cap crest, the comb. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. 215 
 
 of a bird, name of a suit of cards. 
 
 Daj-bakhsli A king,emperor,one who gives away crowns. 
 
 '^^^ One who wears a crown, a king, prince, 
 
 emperor. 
 
 maliall A magnificent tomb constructed at Agra, 
 
 according to the design of Austin de 
 Bordeux, a Frenchman, by the emperor 
 Shah Jahan, in memory of his queen 
 Tfiir Jahan, "the light of the world". 
 
 Taj The bay tree or its bark. (Lanrns cassia). 
 
 Tajaddud ) 
 
 „ .,-, > Kenewal. 
 
 Tajdid ] 
 
 Tajahnl Pretended ignorance, contrivance, apathy 
 
 indifference. 
 
 Tajallt Splendour, brilliancy, lustre, clearness. 
 
 Tajalliyat (pi. of Tajalll), lustres, illuminations. 
 
 Tajammnl Dignity, pomp, parade, retinue, furniture, 
 
 (pi. tajammnlat). conveniences. 
 
 Tajarrnd Living in solitude, solitude, celibacy. 
 
 Tajassns Spying, exploring, search, inquiry, cu- 
 riosity, inquisitiveness. 
 
 karna To pry into, to search diligently, to explore. 
 
 Tajawuz Departing, transgressing, offending, devi- 
 ation, diversity. 
 
 karna To err, to deviate, to stray. 
 
 Tajhiz takfin Interment, burial. 
 
 Tajhiz Burial, expediting, arranging, adorning. 
 
 i-lashkar karna .... To raise an army. 
 
 Taj-i-kharos The comb of a cock, the cockscomb flower 
 
 (Amaranthns or Celo^ia). 
 
 Tajlr A merchant. 
 
 Tajiriha Experiment, trial, proof, experience, essay, 
 
 probation. 
 
 Tajirlba-kar Expert, conversant in. 
 
 --kar-i Experience. 
 
 ■ karna To experience. 
 
 Tajna To abandon, desert, quit, leave. 
 
 Tajnis Making of the same kind, resemblance, 
 
 analogy, equivocation, punning to the 
 eye, instead of to the ear. 
 
216 GLOSSARr OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tajnis-i-khatti Writing words alike which are pronounced 
 
 dift'erentl}'. 
 
 Tajwif Hollowing, making concave. 
 
 Tajwiz Approbation, permission, inquiring into,. 
 
 examining, considering, investigation, con- 
 trivance, sentence, judgment, trial, plan. 
 
 hona To be examined, contrived, ascertained. 
 
 karua To examine, investigate, inquire into, 
 
 contrive, plan, prescribe, appoint, con- 
 sider. 
 
 -l-saai Ee-trial, new trial, revision, review of 
 
 order or judgment. 
 
 Tak A scale, balance, aim. 
 
 bandhna J 
 
 la^ana | To gaze, to stare. 
 
 rahna ' 
 
 Tak (h.) A look, a glance, an aim, the act of 
 
 aiming, pointing (of a dog). 
 
 bandhna To covet, to point as a dog. 
 
 rahua To aspire. 
 
 Tak (p.) Vine, grasses. 
 
 Tak Temper, nature, disposition. 
 
 bandlina To stave. 
 
 lagana To expect, to long for. 
 
 Taka A copper coin equal to two paisa. 
 
 Takabbur Arrogance, haughtiness, pride. 
 
 Takabul Encountering, drawn up in mutual op- 
 position. 
 
 Takaddasa Pure, holy, purified. 
 
 ta^ala (An epithet of the Deity). Holy, mosthigh. 
 
 Takaddnr Muddiness, turbidness, dregs, dullness^ 
 
 moroseness, disquietude of mind. 
 
 Takaffnl Taking security, becoming security for 
 
 another. 
 
 T*l^*'i Tax, duty, collection, imposition. 
 
 Takallnf Inconvenience, ceremony, taking much 
 
 pains one's self in any matter, extrav-v 
 agance, profusion, preparation. 
 
 bar-taraf Waiving ceremony. 
 
 miz^j Ceremonious. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 217 
 
 Takallnf at (pi.) 
 
 i-darbar Expending much. 
 
 i-majlis The ceremonies of society, etiquette. 
 
 i-rasmi Ceremonious attention, empty compliments. 
 
 Takallniii Conversation. 
 
 Takan Motion, agitation, gesture. 
 
 cliarhna To be fatigued, tired. 
 
 Takarrnr Repetition, repeating, reiterating, per- 
 
 evering. 
 
 Takassnl Sickness, being lazy or inactive. 
 
 Takassur Being broken or shattered, spent or de- 
 
 bliated, carrying figures (in arithmetic), 
 folding the wings (a bird). 
 
 Takatnr Distilling drop by drop, raining. 
 
 Takawat T'iety, abstinence, continence. 
 
 TakSwi Strengthening, assisting (particularly ten- 
 ants engaged in agriculture, with ad- 
 vances of money to buy seed), vying, 
 contending with, money in advance. 
 
 Taka^a Dunning, exacting, urgency, importunity. 
 
 i-shadid Inexorable dunning. 
 
 i-sinn The customs or habits of ditferent ages, 
 
 as of childhood, youth, manhood. 
 
 Takaza-i Importunate, urging, solicitous. 
 
 TakMr Repeating the Musalman creed, or only 
 
 saying, " God is great," upon particulai- 
 occasions. 
 
 Takdim Giving precedence, priority, precedence, 
 
 jjerformance. 
 
 karua To perform, to put before, to give pre- 
 cedence to. 
 
 Takdir Pate, destiny, predestination, lot. 
 
 Takdis Sanctification, sanctity, purity, sanctifying, 
 
 magnifying. 
 
 Takf In Putting on the winding-sheet, laying in 
 
 the coffin, shrouding, sepulture. 
 
 Takfir Covering, expiating a crime, doing penance 
 
 or paying a mulct as atonement, hum- 
 bling one's self before another (putting 
 the hand upon the breast and inclining. 
 
218 GtOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 the head), showing distant respect, accfls- 
 ing one of impiety, callifi^ him infidel, 
 making one an unbeliever, guiltiness. 
 
 'TakhallBs Nom de plnme, especially of poets ; as 
 
 Sanda was takhhallns of Mirza Mu- 
 hammad Kafi'. 
 
 'Takhfif Making light, alleviation, lifting up, de- 
 spising, abbreviating, abatement, relief, 
 remission, abridgment, decrease, dimi- 
 nution, decay, softening the pronunciation 
 of letters or changing one for another, 
 for the sake of euphony. 
 
 -i-tasdl' Banishing care, relieving pain or trouble. 
 
 Takhir Delay, jirocrastination, impediment. 
 
 karna To delay. 
 
 Takhliya Evacuation, privacy, a private room, 
 
 manumission of a slave, divorce of a 
 
 wife. 
 
 Takhmina Guess, appraisement, conjecture, valuation. 
 
 Takhminan By guess, by appraisement, nearly, about. 
 
 Takhrib Devastation, destruction, razing. 
 
 'Takhsis Particularity, pecularity, appropriating, 
 
 reserving for one's self. 
 
 Takht A throne. 
 
 — bakht Throne and fortune, also ' v^edlock and 
 
 wealth', as a form of benediction used 
 
 by woman. 
 
 ehllorna To abdicate a throne. 
 
 -dar A king. 
 
 i-rawan A travelling throne, a throne on which 
 
 the king is carried. 
 
 nlshan Seating on, or bestowing thrones. 
 
 — nishln One sitting on a throne, a king, a sovereign. 
 
 -nishin-i Accession to the throne, reign. 
 
 — — — par baithua To reign. 
 
 par baithalnl. . . . . To enthrone. 
 
 -^^ — ya takhta Either a throne or a bier (spokeh on 
 
 engaging in a desperate enterprise). 
 
 'Takht Assault, attack, incursion, invasion. 
 
 karna To assault. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. 219 
 
 Takht-taraj Assault and plunder, depredation, de- 
 vastation. 
 
 tarSj karna To ruin, to depopulate. 
 
 Takhta A plank, a board, a shelf, deck of a 
 
 vessel, a stool, a bier, a sheet of paper, 
 a bed of flowers. 
 
 -band! Wainscot, boarding. 
 
 gardau Thick, broad and straight-necked (a horse). 
 
 -nard Backgammon. 
 
 Takhti A small plank, a small rectangular piece 
 
 of smooth wood, generally covered with 
 fine sand, on which children write, a 
 signet of stone, the breast. 
 
 Taki Wall-eyed (a horse). 
 
 Taki Stare, fixed look, aim. 
 
 Taki So that, to the end that. (V. under Ta). 
 
 Taki Pious, fearing God. 
 
 Takid Confirmation, injunction, ascertaining, 
 
 superinten dence. 
 
 karna To enjoin stric'ly, to urge, to press, to 
 
 insist on. 
 
 Takidan Eeprovingly, emphatically. 
 
 Takka A goat. 
 
 rish Beard on the chin only, like a goat. 
 
 rish-i The state of having beard on the chin 
 
 only, like a goat. 
 Takkar Shoving, pushing, shouldering, knocking 
 
 against, striking a blow, butting, the 
 
 knocking of head to head, equality. 
 
 khana To stumble, to be dashed against anything, 
 
 to meet with a loss or misfortune. 
 marna To knock against, (met. from the sup- 
 pliants striking their heads on the ground), 
 to pray, to curse. 
 
 pahar se lem. ... To enter the lists against an antagonist 
 
 of greatly superior force. 
 
 Takla A spindle. 
 
 Takli A weaver's reel. 
 
 TaMif (pi. Taklif at) Ceremony, imposition of a btirden, trouble, 
 
 difficulty, molestation, distress, incon- 
 
220 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 
 
 venience, ailment, aifliction, annoyance^ 
 Taklif dena To annoy. 
 
 karna To take the trouble. 
 
 men ana To be in straitened circumstances. 
 
 nthana To suft'er. 
 
 TakmH Comx)leting, finishing, perfection, excel- 
 lence. 
 
 -i rihn Eoreclosure of mortgage. 
 
 i tamassuk Execution of a bond. 
 
 karna To execute, give authority, complete. 
 
 parna To be completed, finished. 
 
 Takmila Perfection, completion. 
 
 Takna To be looked at, to be stared at, to look 
 
 at, to observe, to aim at, to watch. 
 
 Takna To be stitched. 
 
 Takora A fillip, a tap, a very small unripe mango,, 
 
 the sound of a drum. 
 
 Takrana To knock together the heads of two peoj^le, 
 
 to dash the head on something, to dash 
 together, to grope in a dark place or 
 passage. 
 
 Takrar Eepetition, tautology, altercation, conten- 
 tion, dispute. 
 
 karna To dispute, debate, wrangle, cavil, repeat. 
 
 ^-i Importuning, seizing, troublesome, fond. 
 
 of argument. 
 
 Taksal A mint. 
 
 -Ibahar Uneducated, unpolished, rude, unclassical.. 
 
 charhna To be educated. 
 
 ka kkota Spoilt in education. 
 
 Taksal-i zaban Pure language, good idiom. 
 
 Taksali 
 
 „ , _,. - , OfRcers of the mint. 
 
 Taksaliya 
 
 Taksim Dividing, distributing, division in arith- 
 metic. 
 
 Taksim karna To distribute. 
 
 Taksir (pi. takslrat) Fault, error, crime. 
 
 war Bliimable, criminal, guilty. 
 
 Tak-tak The sound of feet. 
 
 TaktakI Staring, fixed look. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 221 
 
 Taktakl bandlina To look attentively, to gaze at. 
 
 Takti' The cassava or pause in reading poetry. 
 
 Taktir Distilling, dropping, strangury, 
 
 Takn'a A spindle. 
 
 Takwa Kety, abstinence, the fear of God. 
 
 Takwahi • . . . Watching, overseeing, superintending, 
 
 looking sharply after servants, workmen, 
 (especially gold and silver smiths when 
 employed to manufacture ornaments from 
 the metals). 
 
 Takya A pillow, a fakir's stand, the reserve of 
 
 an army, reliance. 
 
 -dar 1 
 
 } A fakir, a dervis. 
 
 nishin I 
 
 dena To receive respectfully. 
 
 karna To support, to encourage. 
 
 -kalam'sukhan-takya A cant word, introduced into conver- 
 sation, without meaning, an expletive. 
 
 karua To depend upon. 
 
 lag'ana To lean. 
 
 Tal A pond, chime, time in music, beating 
 
 time, striking the hands on the arms 
 previous to fighting, the name of a 
 musical instrument, name of fruit and 
 tree of the palm. 
 
 dena To chime, to strike the hands upon the 
 
 body before fighting. 
 
 marua 1 | To strike the hands against the arms 
 
 thokn^ J ■ . • ■ { preparatory to wrestling. 
 
 Tal Evasion, putting aside, putting oflF or out 
 
 of the way, rejecting a request, a heap 
 of wood, or grain, a stack, a rick, bald- 
 ness from age, a turn or trick in wrestling. 
 
 karna To put oflf, to heap, to prevaricate. 
 
 marna To heap, to turn the scale fraudulently 
 
 in weighing. 
 
 matal Fraud, deceit. 
 
 Tala A lock. 
 
 Tala The bottom of anything, the sale of a 
 
 shoe, protection. 
 
222 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 TMa V. Tal. 
 
 A pond, tank, reservoir of water. 
 
 Talal) Pay, wages, salary, desire, wish, inquiryj 
 
 search, demand, request, application, 
 sending for, seeking, seeker, requiring.' 
 
 ana Daily pay to constables. 
 
 — — bantna To distribute pay. 
 
 bnjhana To satisfy one's desire or appetite for 
 
 drinking or smoking. 
 
 dar Desirous, asking, inquiring, one who 
 
 receives pay. 
 
 -dena To pay one his wages. 
 
 -gar Desirous, a seeker. 
 
 -gar-i Desiring, wishing, inquiring, seeking, 
 
 bona To be called or summoned. 
 
 karna To deinand, seek, ask for, call, summon. 
 
 -nama A summons, citation. 
 
 Talab-ana dakhil karna. . To pay witnesses. 
 
 Talaf Ruin, destruction, loss, prodigality, con^ 
 
 sumption, expense. 
 
 bona To be unfortunate, to meet with a loss. 
 
 karna To waste, to consume. 
 
 u-l-mal khalafa-1- 
 
 -'nmr The loss of riches is the prolongation 
 
 of life. 
 
 Talaffnz Utterance, expression, pronunciation. 
 
 Talaiya A smaU. pond. 
 
 I Till, to, up to, while. 
 
 Tak J 
 
 Talaf-i Compensation, recompense, amends. 
 
 Talalf Meeting, interview, reunion. 
 
 Tala]i:i Divorce, repudiation. 
 
 Talamiz (pi. of Talmiz) . . Students, scholars, pupils, disciples. 
 
 Talamtola karna To put off, procrastinate, parry, temporize. 
 
 Talap A piece, a fragment. 
 
 Talash Search. 
 
 -i Seeker, searcher. 
 
 Talashi Annihilation, dispersion. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 223^ 
 
 Tal'a sUnas 
 
 .„,., , A fortune-teller 
 
 ■ i Fortune-telling. 
 
 Tale Below, down, beneath, under. 
 
 kl zamiu Spar honi Signifies great disturbance and confusion.. 
 
 • tale dekhna To see clandestinely. 
 
 -upar Upside down, confused. 
 
 Tale Ibale batana To put oflf. 
 
 Tall A key, clapping of the hands. 
 
 bajana To clap the hands (generally by way of' 
 
 censure and ridicule), to hoot. 
 
 ek hath se hajni. ... Is used to express an impossibility. 
 
 marua To hoot. 
 
 Talii A sort of musical instrument. 
 
 Tall' Eising (as the sun), arising, appearing,. 
 
 fortune, prosperity, destiny, horoscope,, 
 the dawn. 
 
 -azma-i Trying one's fortune. 
 
 ■ maud Fortunate, wealthy. 
 
 mand-i Fortune, prosperity, wealth. 
 
 shinas Fortune-teller, astrologer. 
 
 war Fortunate, wealthy. 
 
 -war-i Good fortune. 
 
 Talib Asking, demanding, interrogating, an in- 
 quirer, a seeker, a lover. 
 
 -1-dunya Wordly-minded, 
 
 i-'Um Searching after knowledge, a student. 
 
 . -i-'ilm-x Search of knowledge, study. 
 
 TalTf Connecting, uniting in friendship, recon- 
 ciling, bringing together, composition,., 
 compiling of a book. 
 
 Ta^ik A kind of writing used by Persians, and 
 
 in India, suspension, delaying. 
 
 . } . . An inventory, a catalogue. 
 Talika (corrup. form) j 
 
 Ta,'ia. Causing, occasioning one to make an 
 
 excuse, (in grammar), changing one of 
 the weak letters for another. 
 
 Ta'lim Teaching, instruction, tuition, copying fine,, 
 
 writing accurately, a copy to write from*- 
 
•224 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Ta'lTm karna To teach. 
 
 "Taljana To get out of the way, to disappear, to 
 
 vanish, to pass away. 
 
 Talkh Bitter, acrimonious, rancid, malicious, 
 
 sorrowful. 
 
 -dana Darnel, tares. 
 
 go Plain-spoken, harsh. 
 
 karoa To embitter or make bitter, to aggravate. 
 
 mizaj Ill-tempered. 
 
 -rH Morose. 
 
 Talkha Grain parched and pounded, then mixed 
 
 with water into a paste, the gall-bladder. 
 
 Talkh-i Bitterness, rancour. 
 
 Talkm Instructing, informing, religious instruc- 
 tion, prayer over the dead at the time 
 of interment. 
 
 karna To instruct, to inform, to teach. 
 
 Tall A hillock, hill, heap. 
 
 Tall The dew. 
 
 Talle-navis-i 1 ^^ . , , , , . „ . 
 
 _} Unproiitable employment, wasting oitime. 
 
 nawis-i I 
 
 'Tal-inakhana The name of a medicinal herb. (Barleria 
 
 longifolia). 
 
 Talmalana To totter, to tantalize. 
 
 Talmalana To be tantalized, perplexed, anxious. 
 
 Talraalate phirna To walk about in restless expectation, 
 
 to be uneasy. 
 Talna To give way, to shrink from, to disappear, 
 
 to pass away. 
 
 Talna To fry. 
 
 Talna To evade, prevaricate, put off, postpone, 
 
 defer, to drive out of the way, to put 
 
 aside, to move, to prevent. 
 
 'Talpat Euined, destroyed. 
 
 Tain The palate, the ridge or slit roof of the 
 
 mouth, a disorder in horses, the lampreys. 
 
 I Tlie sole of the foot. 
 
 Talwa ] 
 
 chatna j ^^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 'Talwe tale hath dharna 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN T^.iis. 225 
 
 Talwe saMaue (Ui^To stroke the soles of the feet) 
 
 „--• signifies excessive flattery, adulation. 
 
 Talwou SB ag lagni {lit. burning in the soles of the feet) 
 
 implies excessive anger. 
 
 Talwar A sword. 
 
 chalana To fight with swords. 
 
 ka g'hao.' A sword-cut. 
 
 khainchua To draw a sword. 
 
 kl anch A flash of a sword. 
 
 miyan men karna To sheathe the sword. 
 
 Talwariya A swordsman. 
 
 I Darkness, irascibility, promptitude to vin- 
 
 ' '. ,. i { dictive passions. Dark, irascible, vin- 
 
 Tamas-i, Adi. » n. . 
 
 ' ■' \ dictive. 
 
 Tama i _, 
 
 J Copper. 
 
 Tamba I ^^ 
 
 Tama' Avarice, covetousness, greediness, avidity. 
 
 karna To covet. 
 
 dena To bait, bribe, exciting desire. 
 
 Tainacha A pistol. 
 
 Tamacha A slap, a blow. 
 
 Tamak Vanity, arrogance, pride, growing red in 
 
 the face. 
 
 Tamaka 1 ,„ , 
 
 _ / Tobacco. 
 
 Tambakn | 
 
 Tamam Entire, perfect, complete. 
 
 i C^ontipletion, perfection, totality, brocade, 
 
 cloth of gold tissue. 
 
 hona To be finished, to die. 
 
 karna To perfect, to complete, to finish. 
 
 shud Knished, is finished. 
 
 tar Wholely, completely, entirely. 
 
 Tamancha 1 7^ r., - u 
 
 \ V. Tamacba. 
 
 Tapancha ] 
 
 Tamaucha V. Tamaclia. 
 
 Tam&niyat Eest, repose, tranquillity. 
 
 (prop, tumamnat). 
 Tamanna Eequest, wish, prayer, supplication, in- 
 clination, petition, hope. 
 
 -kash Desirous. 
 
 15 
 
226 GLOSBAJtY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tamasha An enteitainment, show, spectacle, sight, 
 
 amusement, frin. ,„ . 
 
 -bin-i Luxury, libertinism. 
 
 dekhna To see any sight or spectacle. 
 
 -gall A place of show. 
 
 ■ karna To see, to take a walk, tO/exhibit a sight, 
 
 to make fun, to jeer, to jest. 
 
 ki Ibat Anything strange or fnuny. 
 
 Tamasli-bia A spectator, a rake, an epicure, a whore- 
 master. 
 
 bin-i Luxury, libertinism, raking, whoring. 
 
 Tamaskhnr Buffoonery, joking. 
 
 Tamassuk A note of hand, bond, obligation, receipt. 
 
 Tamassnl Imitating, resembling, applying allegories. 
 
 Tamba A kind of drawers — very wide. 
 
 Tambili Admonition, correction, punishment, 
 
 beating. 
 
 Tambihan By way of admonition, by way of punish- 
 ment. 
 
 Tambiya A pot. 
 
 Tambol The betel leaf. 
 
 Tamboll Name of a caste whose business is to 
 
 sell betel leaf. 
 
 Tambolin A woman who sells betel leaf, wife of a 
 
 tamboll, name of a tree. 
 
 Tambn A tent, a pavilion. 
 
 tanua To pitch tents. 
 
 Tambnr A Turkish guitar with six wires or strings 
 
 a drum (in Hindustan). 
 
 chT A drummer. 
 
 Tamhid Disposition, arrangement, settlement, man- 
 agement, confirmation, preliminary, pre- 
 amble, preface, preparative, introduction. 
 
 karna To dispose, to premise. 
 
 -i Introductory 
 
 Tami' Covetous, greedy. 
 
 Ta'mll Performance, operation. 
 
 I-hnkm karnli To execute, or carry out an order. 
 
 karna To put into execution, to serve. 
 
 Ta'mlr Building, structure, constructing, repair 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 227 
 
 Ta'mir hona To be built. 
 
 karna To build. 
 
 at sigha Engineering Department. 
 
 Tairuz Discernment, judgment, discretion, dis- 
 tinction, sense. 
 (harf-i ) ^^ j^j^gj.l3_ 
 
 Tamjid ■pi^g glorification of God ; hence, the hymn 
 
 or prayer that is pronounced from the 
 minarets an hour and a half before dawn. 
 
 T^^^^^^ A stroke of the sun. 
 
 Tamkanat Dignity, pride. 
 
 karna To distinguish, discern, perceive, appreciate. 
 
 iainkin Majesty, dignity, authority, power. 
 
 Tamr . . . ; A. date. 
 
 i-hindi ^ tamarind. 
 
 Tamra j^ gg^ Qf inferior value, of a copper 
 
 colour, also, as tambra, a false stone 
 resembling a ruby. 
 
 Tamsll Comparison, similitude, allegory, parable, 
 
 (pi. tamsilat). apologue, an example. 
 
 lana 'Po allegorize. 
 
 Taintamahat The state of growing red in the face. 
 
 Tamtamana To grow red in the face, to glow, to 
 
 sparkle, to twinkle, to flash. 
 
 T^n Twang, pride, conceit, vanity. 
 
 tan A. sound. 
 
 Ta'n Blame, disapprobation, reproach, censure, 
 
 chiding, striking with a spear. 
 
 Tan A note in music, a tone. 
 
 torna To crack a joke, to utter a word to 
 
 excite a quarrel, or to induce conver- 
 sation, to animadvert, to strike up a tune. 
 
 Tan The body, person. 
 
 chhipana To hide one's self. 
 
 ■ dena To pay attention. 
 
 dih A person of application. 
 
 - — -dih-i Application, exertion, attention. 
 
 — ^-dnrust Healthy, vigorous. 
 
 durust-i Healtli, vigour. 
 
 -i-tanha Alone, solitary. 
 
228 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tan-o-man marua To restrain one's desires, and be silent, 
 
 to suppress any feeling, to concentrate 
 one's powers or attention. 
 
 — -parwar Self-indulgent, luxurious, selfish. 
 
 -parwar-I Self-indulgence, luxuriousness. 
 
 Taiia To heat, to prove, to assay. 
 
 Tana The warp, the threads that are extended 
 
 lengthways upon a loom. 
 
 Tana tariz Unfortunate. 
 
 Ta'na Taunting, reproach, ignominy, disgrace, 
 
 aspersion. 
 
 dena To taunt. 
 
 marna To cast reproach, to gibe, to twit. 
 
 zau A reproacher, taunter, aspersef . 
 
 zan-i Taunting, reproaching. 
 
 Tanab A tent rope. 
 
 Tanadduin Penitence, bashfulness, modesty. 
 
 Tanaf 1 Expelling, pursuing, persecuting, denial, 
 
 that another person has performed some 
 thing, as that he has paid a debt. 
 
 Tanaffar Aversion, disgust. 
 
 Tanaffus Respiration, breathing. 
 
 Tanana ) m i i 
 
 1 . To extend, to stretch. 
 
 Tanua \ 
 
 Tanasnb Uesembling, relation, proportion. 
 
 Tauasukh Transmigration, metempsychosis. 
 
 Tanasnl Uninerrupted descent through a series 
 
 of generations. 
 
 Tanazu' j . . . Wiangling. 
 
 Tanaznl Descent, decline (falling of price, losing 
 
 rank), leaping from a horse in order 
 
 to fight. 
 Tanba V. Tamba. 
 
 Tanch I ,, i • 
 
 " , _ Perverse, audacious, troublesome. 
 
 Tanchra j 
 
 Tanda A venture (of goods'), name of a place, 
 
 the goods of a banjara, (a grain merchant). 
 
 Tandlhl V. under Tan. 
 
 karua To ajjply one's self, to take pains. 
 
 Tang Strait, tight, narrow, confined, wanting, 
 
filOSSAKY OP INDIAN TERMS. 229 
 
 scarce, barren, distressed, dejected, sad, 
 a horse- belt, a girth, a bap;, a sack, half 
 a horse's, bullock's, or camel's load. 
 
 Tang ana To be distressed, exhausted, dejected. 
 
 ba-tang-liona To be in distress or difficulty, to be ex- 
 hausted or tired. 
 
 cliashtn Miserly, niggardly. 
 
 -dast Poor, distressed, miserly. 
 
 ' -dast-i Parsimony, poverty, want, inability. 
 
 -dil Narrow-hearted, miserly. 
 
 -dil-i Narrow-heartedness, stinginess. 
 
 -hal Poor, distressed, straitened in circum- 
 stances. 
 
 hal-I Poverty, distress, narrow, circumstances. 
 
 karna I 
 
 > To straiten, tighten, contract. 
 
 posh Tightly dressed, wearing tight clothes. 
 
 posh-i. Tightness of dress. 
 
 walft Emergency, critical moment. 
 
 Tang' The leg. 
 
 dena To hang up, to hang. 
 
 lena To seize or bite the leg (as a dog), to 
 
 reproach. 
 
 tale se nikal jana. . To pass under one's legs, to submit, 
 
 to yield. 
 
 Tanga A small two-wheeled car without covering, 
 
 and on which one person only can sit. 
 
 sawar One who rides in a Tanga. 
 
 Taiigar A bale (as of cotton). 
 
 Tanghan A kind of horse, a highland pony. 
 
 -nnmii Like a tanghan. 
 
 Tangi A hatchet. 
 
 Tang-i Straitness, tightness, poverty, want, a bag, 
 
 a sack. 
 
 karna To be parsimonious. 
 
 Tang-na 
 
 „ _._ , A strait place or passage, a strait. 
 
 Tang-na'ij' *^ i- 5 = 
 
 Tangna To hang up, to dangle, to hang by a 
 
 string (not on a peg). 
 
 TangrT The leg. 
 
230 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Tanlia Alone, solitary, singular, unique, private, 
 
 apart, only, single. 
 
 Tanha'i Loneliness, solitude. 
 
 Tani A string with which garments are tied. 
 
 Tani A daughter. 
 
 TanI The warp, the price paid for weaving. , 
 
 Tanin Buzzing. 
 
 Taniya A kind of covering for the waist. 
 
 Tank A weight equal to four mashas (V. under 
 
 tola). 
 
 Tank An iron pin, a stitch. 
 
 Tanks A stitch, a tub made of stones, solder. 
 
 Tanke lagana To stitch, to solder. 
 
 ndharna 1 , , • i 
 
 !• To be opened or unripped. 
 
 khulna | 
 
 Tan-khwah Wages, an assignment on the revenue. 
 
 bantna | 
 
 . 1 > To distribute pay. 
 
 flar One who receives salary, a holder of an 
 
 order for wages. 
 
 dar-I Receiving pay, service. 
 
 zati Personal allowance. 
 
 T^'*''^ A venereal chancre, a square piece cut 
 
 out of a melon to examine its quality. 
 
 T*"''! A chisel for stone-work. 
 
 Tan^ih Cleaning, polishing, deciding disputes, 
 
 investigation, search, ascertaining. 
 Tankiya Purging (medicinally), winnowing grain, 
 
 settlement, decision, clearness. 
 
 Tankna To stitch. 
 
 Tankna To be stitched. 
 
 Tanna To extend, to stretcli, to expand, to pull, 
 
 to knit ^the eyebrows). 
 
 Tambu tanna To pitch tents. 
 
 Tanna To stretch, to pull tight, to sit upright. 
 
 Tansif Bisection. 
 
 '''*''* Cat-gut, sinew, the string of a musical 
 
 instrument. 
 
 bajT aur rag bu.jhri. He understood from the first word. 
 
 bandhna To put to silence an idle talker. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 231 
 
 Tant The crown of the head. 
 
 Tanta A string of camels, horses, a drove, 
 
 train, series. 
 
 Tanta Wrangling, altercation, squabble. 
 
 Tantaua Sound, fame, rumour, pomp, dignify, state. 
 
 Tantana Show of authority, imperiousness, pride, 
 
 childish passion. 
 
 Tantanana To twang, to jingle. 
 
 Tantha Powerful, strong, firm, solid. 
 
 Tantha-i Solidity. 
 
 Tantra Name of a Hindu scripture, (Shastr), 
 
 charm, enchantment. 
 Tantri A musician. 
 
 ^''"^l The body. 
 
 Tanu J 
 
 Tanur An oven, a stove. 
 
 Tan win Nunation, doubling the vowel with the 
 
 final letter of a word in writing, which 
 
 in pronunciation gives such vowel the 
 
 additional sound of n. 
 Taiiz Mirth, joking, pleasantry, ridiculing, 
 
 sneering, taunting. 
 
 an Tauntingly, sneeringly. 
 
 karna To taunt. 
 
 Tanzih Itemoving or separating from all vice or 
 
 impurity, holiness. 
 ipanzil Revelation, the Kur'an, causing a traveller 
 
 to alight, receiving him hospitably. 
 Tanziui Ordering, arranging, composing verses, 
 
 threading pearls. 
 
 Tanzir Likening, resembling. 
 
 Tanziva Inspiring with desire, desire, propensity. 
 
 Ta'o (p.). Heat, passion, rage, strength, power, 
 
 splendour, dignity, twist, coil, contortion. 
 dena To twist, to stroke the whiskers, to heat 
 
 (as iron). 
 
 khana To be heated, to be angry. 
 
 Ta'o (li ) A sheet of paper, proof, trial, assay, speed. 
 
 /pgj.jjg To lieat, to raise heat by blowing with 
 
 bellows, to prove, to assay, to twist. 
 
232 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Xau Warmth, heat, fever. 
 
 Tap fsj Warmth, prayer, adoration, devotion. 
 
 Ta.v fpj -^ fever. 
 
 charhna To come on (a fever). 
 
 i-dikk A hectic fever. 
 
 i-ghibb A tertian fever. 
 
 ka'nint jana The brealiing out of an eruption on the 
 
 lips after a fever. 
 
 i-larza An ague. 
 
 -i-muhrik An ardent fever. 
 
 i-mnwazaba A quotidian fever. 
 
 i-naubat A intermittent fever. 
 
 ntarna To go oiF (a fever). 
 
 Xai) Spring, leap, bound. 
 
 Tap A stroke with the fore-foot of a horse, 
 
 sound made by a horse's hoofs in tra- 
 velling, a frame made of bamboo for 
 catching fish. 
 
 Taptap Without ceasing (the sound of falling 
 
 drops or the pattering of rain drop 
 after drop successively). 
 
 Tapa A worshipper, an ascetic, a devotee. 
 
 Tapa A hen-coop. 
 
 to'i or -to'iya karna To trifle, to grope, to rummage. 
 
 Tapak Friendship, the anguish of love, solicitude 
 
 of friendship, aifection. 
 
 Tapak Pain, throbbing, sound made by dropping. 
 
 Tapak Affection, esteem, regard, love, zeal, ar- 
 dour, also, apparent, cordiality, palpi- 
 tation, consternation, affliction, uneasiness. 
 
 Tapakua To throb, to palpitate. 
 
 phoreka The throbbing of a boil, when coming 
 
 to suppuration. 
 
 Tapakua To drop when ripe, to drip, to distil, 
 
 to throb, to palpitate. 
 
 Tapan Heat, glow, fervour, the sun, the hot 
 
 season. 
 
 Tapana To heat, to cause to glow, to make another 
 
 person warm himself at tlie fire, or in 
 he sun. 
 
GLOSSARY Of INDIAN TERMS. 233 
 
 Tapana To pour a libation. 
 
 Tap5s Sunshine, the sunbeams, toil, labour. 
 
 TapasI 
 
 „ , , A devotee, a performer of austere devotion. 
 
 Tapashi ' ^ 
 
 Tapassi machhli The mango-fish. (Polynemns paradisea). 
 
 Tapisli Affliction, agitation, palpitation, heat, 
 
 warmth. 
 Tapka A drop of rain, fruit falling when ripe, 
 
 (particularly mangos), a windfall. 
 
 Tapkauii To cause to drip, to distil. 
 
 Tapkao Distillation, dripping. 
 
 Tapna.. To be glorified, to glow, to be heated, 
 
 to frisk about. 
 Tapna To paw with the fore feet (as a horse 
 
 expecting his corn), to search in vain. 
 Tapna To bask in the sun, or before a fire, to 
 
 warm one's self at a fire, to warm, to heat. 
 
 Tappa A division, district. 
 
 Tappa The post-office, the name of a mode in 
 
 music, the bound of a ball, a jump, 
 
 a bo'.ind, a sort of hook. 
 
 khaua To bound, or ricochet (a shot). 
 
 -inarna To sew or stitch with intervals, to read 
 
 in a desultory manner. 
 
 Tapri A mound, a small height, an acclivity. 
 
 Tapu An island. 
 
 Tapua A plot of a field. 
 
 Tar A thread, a wire, the string of a musical 
 
 instrument, darkness, obscurity. 
 baudhua To continue or repeat an action without 
 
 interruption. 
 
 barki The electric telegraph, a telegram. 
 
 i-'ankabut Cobweb. 
 
 kash A wire-drawer. 
 
 kash-i Wire-drawing, a kind of needle-work. 
 
 kai'ua To draw wires. 
 
 tutua To be disjointed, to be separated. 
 
 Tar (s.) The palm tree (Borassns flabelliformis). 
 
 Tar (It.) Understanding. 
 
 baz Intelligent, quick of apprehension. 
 
234 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEBMS. 
 
 Tar-baz-I Quickness of apprehension. 
 
 Tar Moist, wet, fresb, green, young, juicy, a. 
 
 particle, which, added to Persian adjec- 
 tives, forms the comparative degree. 
 
 Tar Intoxicated. 
 
 Tara A star, the apple of the eye, the name 
 
 of the wife of Raja Bali. 
 
 maudal The starry sphere. 
 
 Tare ginna To count the stars, i.e., to get no sleep. 
 
 Taraddad Irresolution, hesitation, fluctuating, sus- 
 pension of judgment, anxious considera- 
 tion, debating, rejecting, contrivance. 
 
 at-i-dnnyavi. . . . Attention to wordly affairs. 
 
 Taradnf Succession, uninterrupted, carrying double 
 
 (a horse). 
 
 Taraf 1 [ Side, margin, corner, quarter, extremity, 
 
 Tarf J I towards, occasion, notice, approach. 
 
 dar A partisan, a follower, a sectary, an 
 
 assistant, partial. 
 
 dar-i Following, partiality. 
 
 i-sani A defendant, an enemy. 
 
 SB On the part of. 
 
 Tarh or tarah Manner, mode, position, establishment, 
 
 ejection, throwing. 
 
 dar Beautiful, graceful, well-shaped. 
 
 dar-I Beauty, elegance, style, grace. 
 
 dena To disregard, to turn a deaf ear to 
 
 pass over. 
 
 dikhaua To show off one's airs and graces, to 
 
 affect. 
 
 kasli Sketching, imitating. 
 
 Tara'i A marsh, mead, meadow. 
 
 khewa Living in or near water, water-fowl. 
 
 Taraj Plunder, devastation. 
 
 'Tarak The crown of the head, a hill, heap, 
 
 head, top, summit. 
 
 Tarak A beam, a rafter. 
 
 Tarakki Promotion, preferment, advancement, in- 
 crease, making progress in learning, 
 proficiency. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 235 
 
 Tai-akoa To be cracked, to be split. 
 
 TarakrT The beam of a balance. 
 
 Taraknm Heaping together, the being thickly 
 
 collected together. 
 
 Taran The act of freeing, salvation, deliverance. 
 
 Taran Revenue. 
 
 Tarana ) 
 
 . _ _ (■ To cause to pass over or swim, to save. 
 
 Xiraua I 
 
 Tarana Modulation, harmony, voice, song, melody, 
 
 symphony, trill, shake, quaver, a kind 
 
 of song. 
 
 -pardaz Composing songs. 
 
 Tarangr Wave, emotion, whim, conceit, fancy, 
 
 caprice, becoming state and dignity. 
 Taraninbm I f Manna (produced from the Hedysarum 
 
 Taraneubin I 1 ^^'i^'sOj ''^'ith some, . honey mixed with 
 
 I lime-juice. 
 Tarap Haste, hurry, outrageousness, explosion 
 
 fury, leap, jump. 
 
 Taraph Agitation, tossing about, palpitation. 
 
 _, _ , 1 f To flutter, to palpitate, to be very desirous 
 
 'J.ai*apiiiia I I 
 
 about anything, to be agitated, to vv'rithe. 
 
 Tarapna 
 
 jump, spring, bound, wriggle, toss 
 
 Taras 1 
 
 ^. _ ) Thirst, alarm, fear, terror. 
 
 Tiras I 
 
 ana 1 
 
 _ } To be thirsty. 
 
 -lagna j 
 
 Tarash (In compos :). Cutting, n. cutting, paring, 
 
 cut, shape, form, fashion. 
 
 dalna To pare off or away. 
 
 kharasli Shape (particularly good), neatness of form, 
 
 elegance in dress, erasures, corrections. 
 
 Tarashna To cut, clip, prune, to shape, to cut out. 
 
 Tarashshuh Exuding, dropping (as sweat), dripping, 
 
 distilling, a small rain, drizzling, man- 
 ifest, evident. 
 
 houa To drizzle, to appear, to seem. 
 
 Tarash-wana To cause to cut or pare. 
 
 Tarasna To long, to desire anxiously, to pity 
 
 Tar-ba-tar Completely wet. 
 
236 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Tar-ba-tar hona To drip with wet, to be covered with 
 
 blood . 
 
 Tarbi' Dividing into four, making a quadrangular 
 
 or square figure, (in astronomy) a quad- 
 rangular aspect of the stars, a quadrature. 
 
 Tarblyat Education, instruction, tuition, breeding, 
 
 correction. 
 
 karna To educate, to instruct. 
 
 pazir Docile, tractable. 
 
 yafta Well-trained, well-educated. 
 
 Tarbnz 
 
 , A water-melon (CucnrWfa citmllns). 
 
 Tarbnz ' 
 
 Tardid Refutation, rebutment, reversal, repelling, 
 
 opposing. 
 
 karua To refute, confute, disprove. 
 
 Tarera The falling of water from a spout, or 
 
 from any height. 
 
 Tar-I Moisture, freshness, sugar. 
 
 se By water. 
 
 Tari (s.) The juice of the jialm tree, (corrupt. 
 
 Toddy). 
 
 Tari (h ) Hilt of a dagger. 
 
 Tari (s ) The clapping of hands, a key, abstraction, 
 
 absence of mind, absorption in thought 
 
 or devotion. 
 
 Tar-I (p.) Darkness, obscurity. 
 
 bona To prevail over, overcome, overshadow. 
 
 Ta'rif Explanation, description, praise, praisina:, 
 
 assertion. 
 
 u-I-maj'hnl bi-I- 
 
 maj'hul Explaining in terms as little understood 
 
 as the thing intended to be explained. 
 
 Ta'rif I Commendable, notable. 
 
 Tarik Dark, obscure. 
 
 cbasm Blind-dim-sighted. 
 
 Tarik Leaving, a deserter. 
 
 n-d-dunyii ... Abandoning the world, abstinent, sober, 
 
 chaste, an anchorite, hermit. 
 Ta"t Way, road, manner, custom, fashion, rite, 
 
 religion. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEEMS. 237 
 
 Tarikat 1 [ ^^'^^' '^^^^' ™'''""^''' ''"stom, rite, religion, 
 
 " _' [ } sect, the better sort of people (Tarikat, 
 
 la peculiar order among the Snfls). 
 
 batana To direct, show the way. 
 
 baratna To work a system. 
 
 i batwara Mode of partition. 
 
 i darbar Eorm of state. 
 
 -i hisab System of accounts. 
 
 i innnasib The proper mode. 
 
 Tarika The apple of the eye, a star. 
 
 Tarikh Date, era, annals, history. 
 
 u-l-hgra The era of the Hijra Cg.v.J 
 
 war Daily, at stated periods. 
 
 Tariiii Any building of a circular form with an 
 
 arched or cupola roof, a wooden struc- 
 ture in gardens, where a watchman sits. 
 
 Tarji'-band A kind of stanza in which one line oc- 
 curs at stated intervals. 
 
 Tarjih Gaining a superiority, preference, excel- 
 lence, pre-eminence. 
 
 -i-bila mnrajjali. . . . Unreasonable preference. 
 
 raklina To excel, to surpass. 
 
 Tarjnma or tarjama Translation, interpretation. 
 
 navis A translator. 
 
 Tark fa.J Abandoning, leaving, deserting. 
 
 i-adab Disrespect. 
 
 Tark CsJ Logic, a proposition in logic. 
 
 Tarka Dawn of day. 
 
 Tarke In the morning early. 
 
 Tarka The estate of a deceased person, a share 
 
 of it. 
 
 i-pidari The paternal estate. 
 
 Tarkari Edible vegetables. 
 
 Tarkash A quiver. 
 
 -band Carrying a quiver. 
 
 Tarke men ana To inherit, succeed, descend, come into 
 
 possession. 
 
 Tarke men chhorua To leave, bequeath. 
 
 Tarkib Composition, mixture, cement, make, 
 
 form, mechanism. 
 
238 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tarkibat Mixtures, compositions. 
 
 -dar Well-formed. 
 
 i Composed, mixed, artful, artificial. 
 
 karna To organize. 
 
 Tarna To pass over, to be ferried, to be saved, 
 
 Tarna To free, to rid, to exempt, to absolve 
 
 from sin, to save. 
 Tarna To understand, to conceive, to comprehend^ 
 
 10 guess. 
 
 Tarna ) . , . . „ 
 
 ,„■ > Punishment, admonition, reproof, penalty. 
 
 Taran ) x x . 
 
 Tarna karna To reprove. 
 
 TarnI A ship, vessel, boat. 
 
 Tar o taza New, fresh, cheerful, verdant. 
 
 -gi Newness, freshness. 
 
 Tarpan Satisfaction, gratification, an offering of 
 
 three handfuls of water to ancestors. 
 
 Tarpila Haste, hurrying. 
 
 Tarra Wicked, vicious (particularly a horse), 
 
 stout. 
 
 pan. Violence, roughness. 
 
 Tarrana To chatter, murmur, grumble. 
 
 Tarrar A pick-pocket, a cut-purse. 
 
 Tarrara Sapidity. 
 
 • bharua To gallop. 
 
 Tarrara Quickness, expedition. 
 
 bharna To stretch out, or bound (a horse at full 
 
 speed). 
 
 --zaban Chattering ceaselessly. 
 
 Tarrari Quickness, fluency of speech, eloquence. 
 
 Tars C/iJ Compassion, mercy. 
 
 khana To compassionate. 
 
 Tars fpj Fear, terror. 
 
 Tarsa A christian, also a guebre, a worshipper 
 
 of fire, a pagan, an infidel. 
 
 bachcha A young fire-worshipper. 
 
 Tarsan Fearful, timid. 
 
 Tarsana To cause, to long, to tantalize, to tease, 
 
 Tars-nak Timid, cowardly. 
 
 Tartars A kind of dish. 
 
GL08SAEY OF INDIAN TERMS. 239 
 
 Tartarabat Bluster, boast. 
 
 Tartarana To bluster, to boast. 
 
 Tartarata Very greasy, dripping with, moisture. 
 
 Tar tar karna To tear to pieces. 
 
 Tartib Arrangement, disposition, order, method. 
 
 dena To order, to arrange, to put in order, 
 
 to compose. 
 
 dih One who arranges. 
 
 i-daftar Putting the office paper in order. 
 
 war Regular, methodical, regularly, method- 
 ically. 
 
 Tar tntna. . To break off (V. tar). 
 
 Tarz Form, manner. 
 
 i 'ibarat Construction of a sentence, style. 
 
 i jawab-dilii Line of defence. 
 
 i kalam Diction, phraseology. 
 
 Tasaddnk Giving alms (particularly from a religious 
 
 motive), alms, sacrifice, sacrificing, 
 devoting. 
 
 hona To become a sacrifice. 
 
 karna To devote, to sacrifice. 
 
 Tasahul Pardoning, carelessness, apathy, slowness, 
 
 tardy proceedings. 
 
 karna To defer, delay, put ofi", retard. 
 
 Tasalli Consolation, comfort, solace. 
 
 dena To comfort, console, assure, secure, ani- 
 mate, exhilarate. 
 
 jbakhsh 1 
 
 ,., } Comforting. 
 
 hona To be consoled or comforted. 
 
 Tasalsul Connecting like a chain, association of 
 
 ideas, infinite series, succession, flowing 
 
 (as of water). 
 danr 
 
 Arguing in a circle, 
 
 Tasamnh Reciprocal indulgence, mutual kindness 
 
 and forgiveness, connivance, double 
 meaning. 
 
 Tasanif CplJ Compilations, books. 
 
 Xasaiii'i™ The being, or becoming a Snnni. 
 
240 GLOSSAKY Oe INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tasar A. kind of coarse silk, the produce of a 
 
 particular worm (Bomb^x paphia) that 
 feeds on the asan (Terminalia alnta 
 tomentosa). 
 
 Tasarruf Possession, use, sway, expidenture, dis- 
 posal, embezzlement, extravagance. 
 
 karna 
 
 To take or get possession of. 
 
 — men lana I 
 
 Tasarrufat CplJ The sum total of expenses, possessions. 
 
 Tasarruf-i Common provisions given to dependants. 
 
 (Ehassa, being what the master and 
 
 his friends eat). 
 Tasauwnf The theology of the Snfls or mystics of 
 
 the east, mystery, contemplation. 
 Tasauwnr Imaginining, imagination, contemplation, 
 
 meditation, reflection, fancy, conception, 
 
 preconception, apprehension. 
 
 karna To imagine, to fancy. 
 
 Tasauwurat {plj Ideas. 
 
 Tasblh The act of praising God, a rosary, a 
 
 chaplet of beads (not a Hindu rosary). 
 
 -khana A chapel. 
 
 khwan Saying prayers, a person hired to pray 
 
 for another, a private chaplain. 
 
 khwan-I The office of a chaplain. 
 
 parkna To count the names of God on beads, 
 
 to describe the holiness of God. 
 Tasdi' The headache, trouble, perplexity, aflBiction, 
 
 annoyance, vexation, toil. 
 dena To incommode, trouble, vex, tease, harass, 
 
 distress, annoy. 
 
 karna To t<ike the trouble. 
 
 Tasdik Verifying, attesting, acknowledging as 
 
 true, appeal. 
 
 i-bila tasauwnr . . . Presupposition. 
 
 karna To testify, to attest, to certify, to verify. 
 
 wala The person attesting, an auditor. 
 
 Tasflya Purifying (particularly tlie mind from ill- 
 will), reconciliation, adjustment, disposal. 
 ■ — karna To reconcile, adjust a dispute, settle. 
 
GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 241 
 
 Tasghir. . . . : Diminution, a diminutive noun. 
 
 Tashaddud Seizing and holding firmly or by force, 
 
 strong, robust, corroborated, confirmed, 
 aggravation, severity, hardship. 
 
 Tashaffi Consolation, becoming calm (after anger), 
 
 calmness. 
 
 Tashblh A simile, comparison, allegory, metaphor 
 
 (liarf-i-tashblh) Adverb of similitude. 
 
 ■ dena To assimilate, compare. 
 
 Tashdid Consolidating, corroboration. The name 
 
 of the orthographical mark (") placed 
 over letters, which denotes that they 
 should be doubled in pronunciation. 
 
 Tashhir Proclaiming, publishing, marking a crim- 
 inal, public exposure. 
 
 bona To be publicly exposed in the streets. 
 
 Tas'hif Making an error in writing, writing, 
 
 changing the diacritical points so as to 
 alter the pronunciation and meaning of 
 a word. 
 
 Tas'Iiih Eectification, correction, verifying, illus- 
 trating, attestation. 
 
 -^ karna To amend, correct, verify. 
 
 Tashkhis Distinguishing perfectly, making a correct 
 
 diagnosis valuation, assessment. 
 
 karna To ascertain. 
 
 Taslirif Honouring, exalting, investing with a 
 
 splendid robe. 
 
 arzani farmana ) 
 
 > . . To go, or to come. 
 farmana | ■ 
 
 lana To come i _ , . , , 
 
 5 To honour with one s presence, 
 lejana To go J 
 
 never said of one's self, except by a king. 
 
 ■ i Sharif Tour honour! your presence! 
 
 TashrlU Illustration, explanation, exposition, dec- 
 laration, anatomy, dissecting a body, 
 skeleton, details. 
 
 karna To enumerate, illustrate, explain, to 
 
 particularize. 
 
 — v/ar In detail, with full particulars. 
 
 16 
 
242 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 I A plattev, basin, ewer, cup, salver. 
 
 Tasht I 1 . . . ' 1. 
 
 Tashtari ■ A small salver, plate, a saucer. 
 
 Tashwisli Confusion, distraction, anxiety, grief, alarm, 
 
 disquietude, apprehension. 
 
 Tasliwlshat (pi J \ rr ui ■ i- 
 
 '^ \ i roubles, anxieties. 
 
 Tashawish J 
 
 Tasir (pi.) Tasirat The making an impression, an effect, 
 
 impression, operation, penetration. 
 
 karna To make an impression, to influence, 
 
 prevail upon. 
 
 Taskhir Imprisoning, taking a strong hold, sub- 
 duing, captivating, imprisonment of an 
 evil spirit, magic. 
 
 i-knliib Captivating of hearts. 
 
 Taskin Consolation, comfort, pacifying. 
 
 bakhsh Assuasive, mitigating. 
 
 dena.. . To appease, pacify, calm, soothe, assuage. 
 
 hona To be satisfied, consoled. 
 
 Xasla '^ culinary vessel used by Hindus. 
 
 Tasllb Crucifixion. 
 
 Taslim Cpl.J Taslimat .... Delivery, consignment, recommending to 
 
 the care or protection of another, salu- 
 tation, homage, health, security. 
 
 karna To salute, to make obeisance, to do 
 
 homage, to accept (most respectfully). 
 
 Taslimat ba-ja lana To make obeisances. 
 
 Tasma A thong, a strap of leather. 
 
 kash A strangler, a mute. 
 
 khainchua To strangle. 
 
 Tasnif Invention, composition. 
 
 Tasanif (pi.) 1 , -x 
 
 !• Literary compositions. 
 
 Tasnifat ) ^ 
 
 Tasrif Conjugation, declension, inflection (in 
 
 grammar), changing, turning, converting. 
 
 Tasrih.... Evidence, manifestation. explanation, 
 
 narration, description. 
 
 Tassu An inch. 
 
 Taswid Making black, the draft of a letter, a 
 
 rough copy, a sketch, plan, delineation. 
 
GLOSSAKY OP INDIAN TERMS. 243 
 
 Taswir A picture, an image. 
 
 To draw, delineate, paint. 
 
 Tat Father, warm, hot. 
 
 Xat Canvass, sack-cloth, a coarse hemp cloth, 
 
 a counter. 
 
 -Ihaf A weaver of canvass, a maker of embroidery. 
 
 baf-i Embroidery. 
 
 Tata Hot, heating (food). 
 
 Tatabl)u' Following, imitation, continuation. 
 
 karna.. To search diligently, to explore, to examine, 
 
 to follow, to imitate. 
 
 Tata thai Beating time in music or dancing. 
 
 Tatak Juggling. 
 
 Ktal I Tj . 
 
 \ Hot, warm. 
 
 Tati J 
 
 Tatank An ornament worn in the ear. 
 
 Tath True, right. 
 
 Tatha Power, ability, might. 
 
 Tatihra A sand-piper (Tringa goensls). 
 
 Tatimma An appendix, a supplement, continuation. 
 
 i-khatt A postcript. 
 
 Tatka Fresh, new, recent. 
 
 Tatolna To feel for, to grope, to search for by 
 
 feeling, to touch. 
 
 Tatpai* Engaged, attentive, addicted to, adept. 
 
 Tatparj The apprehension of an implied wish or 
 
 thought, need. 
 
 Tatpnnji A man of little means. 
 
 Tatta Hot, warm, zealous, fiery, passionate, 
 
 furious, outrageous, wrathful. 
 
 Tatta A skreen. 
 
 Tattar A matted shutter. 
 
 TattI — I a skreen, placed at 
 
 doors and windows, made of strips of 
 bamboo, painted and letting in the light ; 
 sometimes made of khas, (a grass, an- 
 dropogon maricatnm), excluding light, 
 and wetted to cool the hot air, passing into 
 the room from the outside, a necessary. 
 
244 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tattu -A- pony, a small horse. 
 
 Tatwani mare. 
 
 Xaulta Penitence, conversion, promising to sin 
 
 no more. 
 
 karna To repent. 
 
 dhar The sound of punishing. 
 
 tauba Tush! fie! foh! 
 
 torna To break one's vow. 
 
 --shikan Unfaithful. 
 
 -shikani Unfaithfulness. 
 
 Tanbikh Reproach, speaking harshly, threatening. 
 
 Tauf Surrounding, making the circuit, pil- 
 grimage, the procession round the temple 
 of Mecca. 
 
 Taufik (pi. Tanf ikat) . . . The completion of one's wishes, the divine 
 
 grace, the favour of God. 
 
 bakhshna To grant a favour. 
 
 Tanf ir Increasing, perfecting, increase, excess, 
 
 perquisites, a supernumerary. 
 
 Tauhid Unity, believing in the unity of God. 
 
 Tanhin Enervating, relaxing, scoffing, disgrace, 
 
 dishonour. 
 
 karna To insult, to dishonour. 
 
 Taujlh Galling one's attention, explaining, ac- 
 counting for, adjustment of accounts, 
 assessment, a description roll. 
 
 TaBJih navis A keeper of description rolls. 
 
 Tauk A collar, yoke, necklace, chain for the 
 
 neck, for ornament or punishment, a ring. 
 
 i-zanjir Irons, manacles. 
 
 zanjir karna To imprison, to put in irons. 
 
 Taukir Honouring, respecting, treating with 
 
 ceremony. 
 
 Taul or tol Weight, weighing. 
 
 tal Weighing and measuring. 
 
 Tanlnti or tolua To weigh, to balance, to confront (as 
 
 two armies). 
 
 Tan'am A twin. 
 
 Tanus Thirst, great thirst. 
 
 Tannsna To be affected or overcome with heat. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 245 
 
 Taur Mode, manner, way, condition, state. 
 
 tarlka Ways, manners, deportment. 
 
 Taiirit or tanret The pentateuch. 
 
 Ta'ns A peacock. 
 
 Tansau A horse, war-horse, a young unbroken 
 
 horse. 
 
 Ta'ns-i Peacock-shaped. 
 
 -i takht-i A peacock throne of the emperors of Delhi. 
 
 Tausif ])escription, praise, commendation. 
 
 Tanzili Manifestation, a statement, account, de- 
 scriptive roll. 
 
 Tawa The iron plate on which bread is baked, 
 
 the part of the l^nkka in which the 
 tobacco is placed, or the tobacco itself, 
 an iron mirror. 
 
 Tawaf (V. Tauf ). Turning, encompassing, pil- 
 grimage, making the circuit of a pillar 
 oftheKa'ba, or sacred temple of Mecca. 
 
 Tawa'lf (pi. of Ta'ifa) . . . People, nations, troops, bands (particu- 
 larly of dancing girls), 
 
 Tawajjuh Turning towards, regarding, attending to, 
 
 kindness, favour, obligingness, condesc- 
 ension. 
 
 Tawajud Mutual ecstaoy, rapture. 
 
 Tawakku' Expectation, hope, desire, wish, trust, 
 
 reliance, request. 
 
 Tawakknf Delay, pause, hesitation, tediousness, 
 
 patience. 
 
 Tawakknl Trust in (lod, reliance, faith in or res- 
 ignation to the divine will or destiny. 
 
 karna To resign to God. 
 
 Tawallnd Birth, born, generated. 
 
 hona To be born. 
 
 Tawan Eetaliation, recompense, debt, fine, loan 
 
 (tawan is used in opposition to Klsas, 
 and means the price paid for blood). 
 
 -bandhna 1 
 
 , _ \ To fine, to mulct, to amerce. 
 
 lena J 
 
 dena To pay a penalty or damages. 
 
 dilana To adjudge damages. 
 
246 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tawan-1 Compensation, debt, fine, loan. 
 
 Tawan Power, strength. 
 
 Tawana Powerful. 
 
 Tawan-gar Kich, opulent, powerful. 
 
 Tawan-i Compensation, debt, fine, loan. 
 
 Tawarikh (pi. of Tarikh). Dates, histories, annals. 
 
 Tawarnd Unintentionally inserting the sense of 
 
 another in one's own poems, correspond- 
 ing by letter, when two persons think 
 the same thing, succession of ideas. 
 
 Tawassul Conjunction, introduction to another per- 
 son, means, intervention. 
 
 Tawassnt Mediation, introduction, an introducer, 
 
 a mediator. 
 
 Tawattun Fixing one's residence in a foreign country. 
 
 Tawatnr Continuation, succession. 
 
 Tawaju' Humility, attention, pretended kindness, 
 
 empty compliments. 
 
 1-sainarkandI False politeness, pretended kindness, 
 
 empty compliment. 
 
 i-shiraz Simple fare, homely diet. 
 
 karna To entertain, receive, present, offer. 
 
 Tawayjn Performing the ablution before prayer, 
 
 arriving at the age of puberty when the 
 ablution must be performed. 
 
 Tawela A stable, stall. 
 
 Tawil Explanation, elucidation, interpretation, 
 
 paraphrase. 
 
 Ta'wiz Having recourse to the deity, asking 
 
 protection, a charm, an amulet. 
 
 Ta'u or taya Paternal uncle. 
 
 Tayakknn Ascertaining, ascertainment, certainty. 
 
 Tayammum Purifying before prayer with sand or 
 
 dust, when water cannot be had. 
 
 Taza Fresh, new, young, green, tender, raw, 
 
 fat, happy, pleased. 
 
 ba-tiiza Fresh and blooming. 
 
 dam Good spirits, hilarity, cheerfulness. 
 
 liona To be in good case, to increase, to 
 
 flourish. 
 
GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TEBM8. 247 
 
 Taza-kar , Making fresh or anew, beginner, renewer. 
 
 kar-i Presh or new work. 
 
 -kJiiyal Imagining what is new or fresh, an 
 
 inventor. 
 
 warid A newcomer. 
 
 Taza-g'i Freshness, plumpness, fatness, tenderness, 
 
 greenness, pleasure. 
 Tazallum Groaning under oppression, injustice, 
 
 injury. 
 
 Tayarru' Supplication, lamenting. 
 
 Taj'hik Mocking, derision, ridicule. 
 
 Tazi Arabian or Arabic, Arabian (horse). 
 
 khana A dog-kennel. 
 
 -kntta A greyhound. 
 
 Taji' Spoiling, wasting, idling away time. 
 
 — ; — -i-ankat Idling away time, ennui, weariness. 
 
 Tay'if Doubling. 
 
 Tazik A horse of mixed breed. 
 
 Ta'zil iiemoving or deposing from an office. 
 
 Ta'zim Eeverence, respect, honour, treating with 
 
 ceremony and respect, honouring, gen- 
 tility, politeness. 
 
 karnii To honour, to reverence, to show respect. 
 
 Ta'zir Punishment, correction, reproof, censure, 
 
 reprimand. 
 
 Ta'zirat (pi.) Reproofs, censures, punishments. 
 
 i-Hind Indian Penal Code. 
 
 Ta'ziya The representation of the tomb of Hasan 
 
 and Hnsain, which is thrown into the 
 
 river at the anniversary of the Mu- 
 
 harram (q.v.) 
 
 — ^ dar I f One who observes the mourning in the 
 
 gir j I Muharram. 
 
 dar-i The observance of Muharram. 
 
 khana The place of ta'ziya. 
 
 thanda karna .... To bury a . 
 
 lena To observe the mourning during he 
 
 Mnharram, to go into mourning. 
 
 Ta'ziyana A whip, scourge. 
 
 marna To apply the whip, to scourge. 
 
248 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Ta'ziyat Condolence, lamentation, mourning. 
 
 -nama A letter of condolence. 
 
 liaKkir Masculine gender. 
 
 Tazkira Mention. 
 
 Tegh A scimitar. 
 
 ba-katf Sword in band. 
 
 zan A swordsman, a user of a scimitar. 
 
 zatt-i Use of the scimitar. 
 
 Tesha A short, broad scimitar. 
 
 numa A sword like a scimitar. 
 
 Tehar Name of an ornament of dress (perhaps 
 
 a bracelet). 
 
 Tej Splendour, glory, refulgence, strength, 
 
 energy. 
 
 man Glorious. 
 
 Tek A prop, pillar, reliance, promise, vow. 
 
 rahna To lean upon. 
 
 Tekan A prop, support. 
 
 Tekna To support, to prop. 
 
 Xpkai* I 
 
 _[ A height, a rising ground. 
 
 1.6Kxa I 
 
 Tel Oil. 
 
 Tell Name of a caste whose business is to 
 
 sell oil, an oil-man. 
 
 -tamboli Low caste people, the dregs of society. 
 
 Telin Wife of an oilman. 
 
 Teliya Name of a colour — dark bay. 
 
 surang Light bay coloured. 
 
 Telna To remove. 
 
 Teln'a A beam. 
 
 Tem Snuff of a candle, the flame of a candle 
 
 or lamp. 
 
 Tendu The name of a fruit (Diospyros ebennm). 
 
 TeMu'a A leopard. 
 
 T*ii A particular breed of fowls, tiny, small. 
 
 T«»t The ripe fruit of Karil, (Cap]>ari8). a 
 
 speck on the eye. 
 
 T'^'^t^'* An imitative sound, an inarticulate sound. 
 
 karna To screech like a parrot. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 249 
 
 Tentu'a The windpipe, the throat. 
 
 Te'o Habit, custom. 
 
 Te'ohar A holiday, a festival. 
 
 1 Present made, at a festival. 
 
 Te'oBa To sharpen. 
 
 Te'orana To have a swimming in the head, to be 
 
 faint, to stagger, to fall down sengeless 
 
 from a blow. 
 Te'oras The third year past or to come, year 
 
 before last, year after the next. 
 
 Te'orl Frown. 
 
 bigarna To get displeased. 
 
 charhana To frown. 
 
 Tepchi A kind of stitch. 
 
 Ter Tune, voice, sound, cry. 
 
 Tera A curtain, squint-eyed. 
 
 Tera The trunk of a tree, an instrument for 
 
 twisting coarse thread or twine. 
 
 liilana To be afflicted with the venereal disease. 
 
 Tera Thy, thine. 
 
 mera karna To dispute about property, to fight over 
 
 anything. 
 Terah Thirteen. 
 
 wan Thirteenth. 
 
 win The thirteenth, the thirteenth day after 
 
 death when the last oi the funeral rites 
 
 is performed. 
 
 Terha , Crooked, bent, uneven. 
 
 bera Crooked. 
 
 bona To be crooked, displeased, angry. 
 
 karna To bend, crook. 
 
 -pan Crookedness. 
 
 Terbl Pride, vanity, haughtiness. 
 
 -khir A difficult matter. 
 
 snnana To give an impudent answer. 
 
 Terna To bawl, to roar to, to call loudly, to 
 
 shout, to tune. 
 Tesu The blossoms of the palls tree. (Bntea 
 
 frondosa), a kind of play. 
 Tetak manjha Difficulty, embarrassment. 
 
250 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tewa Calculation of nativity, habit, custom. 
 
 Tewar The forehead, look, shape. 
 
 badalna To change colour or countenance, to turn 
 
 away one's countenance. 
 bigarna To change countenance when dying, to 
 
 be in the agonies of death. 
 
 Tewar Swimming or giddiness in the head. 
 
 Tez Sharp, pungent, acute, hot, strong, 
 
 impetuous, violent, swift. 
 ab Nitrous acid, aqua fortis. 
 
 'akl I 
 
 fahm ) 
 
 Intelligent, quick of apprehension. 
 
 ■liosh ) 
 
 kadani 1 „.„.,. 
 
 > bwitt, quick fast-gomg. 
 
 gam-I • Swiftness. 
 
 nakhnn Sharp-nailed. 
 
 par High-flying, swift-flying. 
 
 pat Name of an aromatic plant (Lanrns cassia). 
 
 raftar ) v . ■ 
 
 } J^ast-gomg. 
 
 rau J 
 
 -ran-I Rapidity, swiftness. 
 
 tab' Quick of apprehension. 
 
 Tezak Cress, cresses. (Lepidinm sativam). 
 
 Tez-i Sharpness, strength, swiftness. 
 
 T^a A sound made by striking one thing on 
 
 another. 
 Tliadda Standing, the beak, the back stick of a 
 
 paper kite. 
 T^S 1 f A robber, an assassin by strangling, a 
 
 Thagiya J | cheat, swindler, imposter. 
 
 bazi 1 
 
 jjjj g f • ■ • Cunning, fraudulent, art, dexterity. 
 
 thagna 
 
 , , To rob, to cheat. 
 
 ■lana ' 
 
 lena To cheat. 
 
 Thagana To be cheated. 
 
 Thag-na To cheat, to deceive. 
 
 Tliag-)u A female robber or cheat. 
 
 Thag-ori Cheat, trick. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 251 
 
 Thah. . . Bottom, ford. 
 
 Thaliaka A peal, a succession of land sounds, an 
 
 explosion. 
 M mulakat Meeting with great demonstrations of 
 
 friendship. 
 Thaharua To be stopped, to be fixed, to stop, to 
 
 stay, to be settled, to be determined, 
 
 to be proved. 
 Tliahrana To fix, stop, determine, appropriate, 
 
 settle, ascertain, appoint, fix on, prove, 
 
 consider. 
 I'habra'o Settlement, fixture, permanency, appro- 
 priation, proof. 
 
 Thai Place, firm or dry ground. 
 
 bera Place of abode, one's whereabouts. 
 
 Thaila | 
 
 Tiiaili > A purse tied round the waist, a bag. 
 
 ThaUiya j 
 
 \ Clot, lump (congealed). 
 
 XiiaKKa j 
 
 Thaka Tired, weary. 
 
 Thakana To tire, harass, weary. 
 
 Thakke ke thakke Conglomerated, stuck, congealed. 
 
 Thakit Wearied, stopped, motionless, astonished. 
 
 Thakna To be wearied, to tire, to fatigue. 
 
 Thakna To fatigue, to be tired. 
 
 Thak thak Sound, hard work, very wet, drenched. 
 
 Thaknr A divinity, an idol, a lord, master, chief 
 
 (among Bajputs), a title of respect, a 
 
 landholder, a barber. 
 
 — ■ dwara An idol temple. 
 
 sewa Grant of revenue for maintaining the 
 
 worship of an idol. 
 
 Thaknra'i Divinity, lordship, chiefship, mastership. 
 
 Thakurani A thakur's wife. 
 
 Thakurayan A female divinity or idol. 
 
 Thai A large flat dish. 
 
 TJiala The place at the root of a tree for 
 
 holding water, the excavation in which 
 
 a tree is to be planted, a large flat dish. 
 
252 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Thai thai Loose, hanging, shaking, flabby. 
 
 Xham '■ A prop, a support, an obstacle. 
 
 !( To support, prop, shield, protect, shelter, 
 I prevent, withold, restrain, stop, pull up 
 I (a horse), bear, assist, resist. 
 
 Xhan A piece of cloth, a stall for cattle, a 
 
 manger, a piece of coin. 
 
 Than Udder. 
 
 Thana A station, (as police), a guard, the inside 
 
 of the lines of an army. 
 
 ..dar The head constable. 
 
 Thana A heap of bamboos. 
 
 Thand Coldness, a cold. 
 
 '- a Cold. 
 
 hona To become cold, to be extinguished, to 
 
 be comforted or pacified, to rest, to 
 lose virility. 
 
 karna.. To make cold; to extinguish, comfort, 
 
 assuage, pacify. 
 
 parna To abate (anger, virility or wantonness). 
 
 (Kaleja thanda hona). ... To be pleased, to be happy (by seeing 
 
 a friend or relation), to have one's 
 revenge gratified. 
 
 Thanda-T Refrigerant medicine, the intoxicating 
 
 drug made of bhang. 
 
 Thandak Coldness. 
 
 Thand-i Cold. 
 
 sans bharni To sigh. 
 
 Thande thande In the cool of the morning or evening, 
 
 at dawn or dusk. 
 Thand-i ganniyan Lukewarmnless, a show of love, pre- 
 tended affection. 
 
 Thang A den of thieves. 
 
 -i A receiver of stolen goods. 
 
 Thanna To resolve, determine, be intenton, intend, 
 
 set one's heart on, settle, perform. 
 
 Thanna To be fixed, to be ascertained. 
 
 Thaiisna Tb stuff, to cram. 
 
 Thanthan Dingdong, tingle. 
 
 Thanthanana To jangle, rattle. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 253 
 
 Thauw I 
 
 Tha'oii I Place, residence. 
 
 Thaur J 
 
 Thap A tap, pat, flap, a paw, the sound of a 
 
 small drum. 
 
 Tliap-a A mark of a paw. 
 
 Thap-i The noise of tapping, the instrument 
 
 with which potters beat their earth, or 
 with which the earthen floors of rooms 
 and terraces are beaten (made of wood). 
 
 Tliapna To beat, tap (floors, walls, terraces), to 
 
 patch (as a wall, floor, with cow-dung), 
 a religious ceremony performed at a cer- 
 tain season, at Agra and in its vicinity. 
 
 Thappa An instrument for stamping leather with, 
 
 a die, stamp. 
 
 ■ dena 1 
 
 _ _ ? To coin, to stamp, to clap against a wall. 
 
 ia^aua I 
 
 Tharra A kind of wine or spirituous liquor, a 
 
 kind of shoe worn by villagers. 
 
 Tharrana ., To tremble, quiver. 
 
 Thar thar Trembling. 
 
 I 
 
 Tliartharahat , 
 
 } Shaking, tremor. 
 
 Tharthari 
 
 Thartharana To tremble, quiver, shiver, shake. 
 
 Thas, this or thus An imitative sound, as of a musket ill 
 
 charged, a flashing in the pan. 
 
 Thasa thas Filled, crowded. 
 
 Thasak State, dignity. 
 
 Thasakna To break or chip off a piece of earthen- 
 ware, without completely destroying the 
 vessel. 
 
 Thasna To stuff, cram, to ram down the charge 
 
 of a gun. 
 
 ^ The frame of a roof on which the straw 
 
 That 1 . , ., 
 
 * IS laid, arrangement, admstment, thathri 
 
 Thatthar > • • 
 
 also means the shell of a house, a bier, 
 Thathri 
 
 a skeleton, a very thin person. 
 
 Thath Throne;, crowd. 
 
254 GLOSSARV op INDIAN TERMS.' 
 
 Thath Slate, dignity, pomp, equipage, conven- 
 ience, plenty. 
 
 Thathakna 1 J To stop short, stand amazed, draw bock 
 
 Thithakna j \ in surprise, shrink, stagnate. 
 
 Thathana To strike, beat, beat one's own head (in 
 
 token of vexation), to harass one's self. 
 
 That badalua To change one's posture or attitude. 
 
 Thathera A brazier, tinker. 
 
 Thathere tliathere ki 
 
 badla'i A bargain between two people, equally 
 
 acute and knowing, diamond cut diamond. 
 
 ThatI 1 A . . I. 
 
 i A trust, charge. 
 
 ThathT ) ^ 
 
 Thathol I I Waggish, jocular, jocose, a jester, banterer, 
 
 Thathor j | wag. 
 
 Thatholi Fun, humour, sport, joking. 
 
 Tliattha Pun, sport, joking, jest, name of a place. 
 
 karna | _ . . , , . , ,.,.,., 
 
 > To lest, loke, crack a joke, deride, ridicule. 
 
 mama ) 
 
 Tliattlie-baz A jester, a humorous person, a funny 
 
 fellow, jocular. 
 
 -baz-i Jesting, sporting, joking, fun. 
 
 men urana To make a jest of, to ridicule. 
 
 Tliawa'i A mason, bricklayer, architeet. 
 
 Thek A support, prop, a large sack filled witli 
 
 grain. 
 Tlieka A plug. 
 
 Theka 1 
 
 ■ i Hire, fare, contract, a resting place. 
 
 bajana To play an accompaniment. 
 
 baud! A form or lease, held on lease. 
 
 dena To give out by the job. 
 
 i daimi A lease in perpetuity. 
 
 lena To take, or enter into, a contract, to 
 
 take out a license. 
 pesligi A lease or form of which the rent is 
 
 paid in advance. 
 
 Tliel A hand cart. 
 
 Thela A push, a shove. 
 
 theli Shoving and shouldering. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 255 
 
 Thelam thela The pushing and shoving of a crowd. 
 
 Thelna To push, to shove, to move forward by 
 
 pushing. 
 
 Thenth Pure, genuine, contentious. 
 
 Thenthi A cork, a plug, a ball of ear-wax, a 
 
 dhoti (q.v.) 
 
 Thepi A cork, a plug. 
 
 mniih men dena . . To be silent. 
 
 Thes A knock, a blow, a shove, push, thrust, 
 
 tripping against a stone. 
 
 Thesna To pierce, knock against, stuff, cram, 
 
 ram in, to eat ravenously. 
 
 Thesra Sneer, innuendo, oblique reflection. 
 
 Tliik Exact, even, accurate, complete, just, fit, 
 
 proper, reasonable, true, regular, right, 
 
 parsimonious, sum, addition, exactly. 
 
 ana To fit, correspond, suit, answer. 
 
 banana Tochastise, bring to one's senses or bearing. 
 
 karna To put to right, to correct, to adjust. 
 
 manna To receive, allow, admit the accuracy of, 
 
 approve. 
 
 samajh Sound mind, sound. 
 
 Thik thak I 
 
 • _ > Exact, fit, accurate, properly, accurately. 
 
 thik j 
 
 wakt Point of time, the nick of time. 
 
 Thikam thik Exactly, truly, rightly. 
 
 Thikam thlka Abuse. 
 
 Thikana Eesidence, place, station, abode, dwelling. 
 
 dhnndhna To seek a residence or employment. 
 
 karna To accouat, to search or trace an affair 
 
 to its commencement. 
 lagana To establish, to settle, to prove, to find 
 
 out one's residence. 
 Thikane lagana To put to death, to kill, to waylay, to 
 
 make away with, to assassinate. 
 lagna To be killed, to die, to be put an end 
 
 to, to be terminated. 
 Thikra An earthen vessel, a fragment of one (a 
 
 shard), a vessel used by fakirs for 
 
 carrying fire. 
 
256 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 
 
 Thiliya A water-pot, pitcher. 
 
 Thinak 1 , , 
 
 \ A sob. 
 
 Thnnak J 
 
 Thinakna ) „ 
 
 \ To sob. 
 
 Thunakna J 
 
 Thingna Of small stature, middle-sized. 
 
 Thirakna To dance with expressive action and 
 
 gesture. 
 
 Thirkana To cause to dance. 
 
 Thirna To settle. 
 
 Thithak The state of standing amazed. 
 
 To stop short. 
 
 Thithakna F. Thatliakna. 
 
 Thithnr 
 
 Numbness, chilliness. 
 Thithir 
 
 Thithnrna 1 „ , , , , .„ 
 
 ' .'. . > io be numbed, chill. 
 
 Thithirna J 
 
 Thok Amount, heap, ready money, share, portion. 
 
 dar A wholesale dealer. 
 
 Thokar A blow, stroke, thump, clash, tripping, 
 
 a stumble, a kick, a stumbling block, 
 Thokar khana To trip, to stumble, to meet with a loss 
 
 or misfortune. 
 
 lagna To strike the foot against anything. 
 
 Thola A cup for the food and drink of a bird 
 
 in a cage, the knuckles. 
 
 marna To strike with the knuckles. 
 
 Thouk bajake After close examination, openly. 
 
 lena To sound, to try, to examine coin. 
 
 — " dena To hammer, or drive down, to knock. 
 
 Thonkna To knock, to hammer, to drive (as a stake), 
 
 to thrust with the finger, to drive, to 
 
 beat, to thump, to punish. 
 Thop An ornament at the end of the bamboo 
 
 of a palkl, head, topping. 
 
 Thopi Box, thump. 
 
 Thopiyana To trickle. 
 
 '•'''"P"" To support, to prop, to plaster, to pile, 
 
 to heap. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS. 257 
 
 Thor ) I A little, small, scarce, seldom, some, less, 
 
 Thora ) \ a few. 
 
 balint More or less. 
 
 thora A little, by degrees. 
 
 hona To feel one's self small, to be ashamed, 
 
 to shrink with shame. 
 
 dinou se A short time ago. 
 
 se thora Very little. 
 
 Thorl \ n,. 1- 
 
 • • \ The chin. 
 
 Thorhi J 
 
 Mieu hath dena. . . To chuck under the chin, to soften, to 
 
 flatter. 
 
 Thos Solid. 
 
 Thosa The thumb presented in token of denial 
 
 (peculiar to women). 
 
 Thuk Spittle. 
 
 chatna To break one's promise. 
 
 lagakar chhorna. ... To treat with sovereign contempt. 
 
 lagana To apply spittle. (A term of abuse and 
 
 most indecent meaning.) 
 
 Thukna To spit. 
 
 Thiikrana To kick or strike with the toes. 
 
 Thumak The act of waving or walking with a 
 
 graceful easy air. 
 "Chal A dignified pace, stately gait, graceful 
 
 carriage. 
 Thumakna To walk with grace and stateliness, to 
 
 walk with dignity. 
 
 Thnmka Short, of low stature. 
 
 Thunikl Lazy, the playing or jerking of a paper 
 
 kite to keep it up when the wind is light. 
 
 Xhuni A post, pillar, column. 
 
 Tidda A grasshopper. 
 
 Tiddi A locust. 
 
 Tidhar There, in that direction. 
 
 Tidhara The name of a plant (Enphorbla anti- 
 
 qnorum), the meeting of three streams. 
 
 Xifl An infant, a child, a young animal. 
 
 Tifl-i Infancy. 
 
 Tighalna To be melted, to rarefy. 
 
 17 
 
258 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 TigUaua To melt, dissolve. 
 
 Tisrnn A lone in music. 
 
 Tignna Three-fold. 
 
 Tiha'i • The third part. 
 
 Tibayat A third person, a court of inquiry, three 
 
 or four persons by whom any cause is 
 arbitrated, an arbitrator. 
 
 Tihi Empty, vain. 
 
 Tihidast Empty-handed, poor. 
 
 Tihldasti Poverty, penury. 
 
 Tihi-dimagh Ignorant. 
 
 TIj The third day of a lunar fortnight. 
 
 Tija The third day after the death of a rela- 
 tion, on which oblations are offered. 
 
 Tijarat Trade, commerce, traffic. 
 
 i bahrl Commerce. 
 
 -i Mercantile, commercial, trade. 
 
 Tijarl A tertian fever or ague. 
 
 A commentary, inoculation, a mark made 
 
 Tika 1 I on the forehead by Hindns, an ornament 
 
 Tilak I worn on the forehead, the nuptial gifts 
 
 or engagement. 
 
 Tilak bhejna To send the nuptial gifts, which are 
 
 presented by the relations of the bride 
 to the bridegroom. 
 
 lena To accept nuptial gifts. 
 
 Tikana To retain, to fix in any place, to stop, 
 
 to billet, to lodge, to station. 
 
 Tikas 1 
 
 ' _ ( Tax, house-tax, income-tax, duty, toll. 
 
 xaKa 1 I 
 
 Tika'o Stability, residence. 
 
 Tikat Stamp, ticket, pass, passport. 
 
 cliaspan Paid, stamped. 
 
 Tikha Pungent, angry, passionate, sharp, pene- 
 trating. 
 
 Tikharna To confirm, to prove, to establish by 
 
 argument, to question closely, ask 
 
 searching questions, to plough three times. 
 
 Tiki I 
 
 ^.. . - ! A small loaf of bread. 
 
GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TERMS. 259 
 
 Tikki lagana To form a connection, to make interest, 
 
 to earn a scanty livelihood. . 
 Tlkiya A small cake, a little cake of charcoal 
 
 for the hnkka, a wafer, a holus. 
 
 Tikkar A thick loaf of bread. 
 
 Tikll A wafer, a small round cake, an ornament 
 
 worn on the forehead. 
 Tikna To stop, to remain . in any place, to be 
 
 detained. 
 Til The seed of the sesamum, or name of 
 
 the plant (Nesamnm orientale), a mole 
 
 on the face, a moment, an instant, 
 
 pupil of the eye. 
 
 ka tel Sesamum oil. 
 
 tU Little by little. 
 
 Til A young hen, a woman (so named in 
 
 contempt). 
 TQa A rising ground, a small hill, a hillock, 
 
 a ridge. 
 
 Tila Gold, gold fringe. 
 
 -baf-i Gold tissue. 
 
 kar A gilder. 
 
 kar-i Gilding. 
 
 Tila An ointment, embrocation, a liniment. 
 
 Tilak CsJ The mark which Hindus make on their, 
 
 forehead, a commentary. 
 Tilak CpJ A gown. 
 
 dhari One who wears the tilak. 
 
 Tilanga An inhabitant of Tailang, in which the 
 
 first soldiers were clothed and disciplined 
 in the European manner ; hence, a soldier. 
 
 Ti-lara. An ornament of three strings worn round 
 
 the neck. 
 
 Tilawa 1 ^t. , , i ■ i , 
 
 > Niarht-watch, rounds, picket. 
 
 TUaya J a > > i- 
 
 Tilawat 1 . ( Meditation, reading (particularly the 
 
 Talawat | | Knr'an, as an act of religion). 
 
 TUa-yana Golden. 
 
 TUism 
 
 . _,,.-■- A talisman. 
 Tilsam f^Z. Tilismat) 
 
260 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tilismat-i Talismanic. 
 
 Tilla The golden border of a turban. 
 
 -dan-i A housewife, or small bag for holding 
 
 needles* and threat. 
 
 Timar Care, attention, regimen of the sick, 
 
 infirmity,sickness, indisposition,afflietion. 
 
 Tiinsal Eesemblance, picture. 
 
 Timtain Dressing. 
 
 Timtiin A sound. 
 
 Timtimahat A faint light, a twinkling. 
 
 Timtimana To give a faint light. 
 
 Tln-panch Three and five, contension, dispute, 
 
 quarrel. 
 
 karna To quarrel. 
 
 -terah Dispersed, scattered, ruined. 
 
 karna To rout or scatter to the winds, to dissipate. 
 
 Tinakna To flutter, palpitate, throb. 
 
 Tinat Nature, disposition, tenor. 
 
 nek Good-natured. 
 
 Xinka A straw, a bit of the stalk of grass. 
 
 dantoii men lena . . To make submission, confess inferiority, 
 
 ask for quarter. 
 
 na To be robbed of the smallest coin. 
 
 Tinke chnnne {Lit. to pick straws), to be intoxicated. 
 
 Tip A note of hand, a cheque, drawing a card, 
 
 raising the voice in singing. 
 
 lena To draw a card. 
 
 tap Ornament. 
 
 Tipna To press, compress, squeeze, grope, feel. 
 
 TIr An arrow, the planet Mercury, the fourth 
 
 solar month of the Persian year, cor- 
 responding to the Hindi Sawan, a beam, 
 an archer. 
 
 -andaz An archer. 
 
 -audaz-i Archery. 
 
 baran A punishment in wliich the culprit is 
 
 shot with arrows. 
 
 chalana To shoot an arrow. 
 
 gar A maker of arrows. 
 
 gar-T The manufacture of arrows. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 261 
 
 TTr-kari The piercing of the body by an arrow. 
 
 khaki A light, small-headed arrow. 
 
 khm-da Wounded by an arrow. 
 
 partab Within bow-shot. 
 
 y*i An archer. 
 
 i-nawak An arrow discharged through a tube. 
 
 Tiras 1 
 
 rpp^g r Thirst, alarm, fear, terror. 
 
 ana 1 
 
 lagna f ^° ^^ *''"-«*y- 
 
 Tiri bin Dispersed. 
 
 Tiriya ) 
 
 ijipjyg j A woman, maid, female, wife. 
 
 "^* The science ofwomen, knowledge of women. 
 
 eharitr Female wiles. 
 
 •"'y Petticoat government. 
 
 T"'^"' A trident, a three-pointed pike or spear 
 
 (especially that borne by Shiya, and 
 placed at the top to temples to the god). 
 Tirth i 
 
 TTvatli I Pilgrimage, a sacred place, sacred water. 
 
 jatra To go on a pilgrimage. 
 
 jatri A pilgrim. 
 
 karna To go on a pilgrimage. 
 
 r^* The city of Ilahabad. 
 
 Tiryak Treacle (in Hindustan, opium), an antidote 
 
 to every disease. 
 
 Tishna Thirst, temptation. 
 
 lab One whose lips are dried on account of 
 
 thirst. 
 
 Tisi Flax. 
 
 Tita Bitter, pungent, hot. 
 
 Tltar A partridge. 
 
 Titar bitar Scattered, out of order. (V. Tiri biri). 
 
 Tith A lunar day. 
 
 Titimba Obstacle, impediment, stratagem. 
 
 Tiwari A sect of Brahmans entitled to read 
 
 three Vedas. 
 
 Toh Spying, watching, espionage. 
 
 lagana To trace, to find out. 
 
262 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 Tok Hindrance, prevention, the influence of 
 
 an evil eye. 
 
 rok 1 
 
 tak I 
 
 Hindrance, prevention. 
 
 Tokna To interrogate, to prevent, to challenge, 
 
 to envy, to accost, to look at with an 
 evil eye. 
 
 Tokra A large basket (without a lid). 
 
 Tokri A small basket (without a lid). 
 
 Tol A company, society, hamlet. 
 
 marua To dash one top against another- while 
 
 in motion. 
 
 Tol or taul Weight, weighing. 
 
 Tanl-tal Weighing and measuring. 
 
 Tola A denomination of weight, consisting of 
 
 a number of mashas, which varies in 
 different parts of India. The standard 
 tola, or sicca weight of Calcutta is 
 121/2 mashas as follows: 
 4 Fanks.. 1 Dhan or Grain. 
 4 Dhan... 1 Ratti Gr. Tr. 1,79666 
 
 8 Kattl. . . 1 Masha 1 4,37333 
 
 121/2 Mashas. 1 Tola 179,6666. 
 
 Tolna I j To weigh, balance, to confront (as, two 
 
 Tanlna J 1 armies). 
 
 nazrou meii To estimate the work of any one. 
 
 Toman A myriad, 10,000, a sum of money equal 
 
 to 1 0,000 Arabic silver drachmas (which 
 are about one third less than those of 
 the Greeks), a sum of money equal to 
 fifteen dollars and a half, districts into 
 which a kingdom is divided, each being 
 supposed to furnish 1 0,000 fighting men. 
 
 Top A hat, cap, helmet, thimble, bait, stitch. 
 
 Top-i A hat. 
 
 wala One who wears a hat, or an animal with 
 
 a comb, a term used to designate Per- 
 sian, Moghal, and European troops, and 
 still applied to the latter and to Euro- 
 peans, generally in India. 
 
GLOSSAHy OF INDIAN TERMS. 263 
 
 Top A cannon, gun. 
 
 andaz A cannonier. 
 
 -chalaua 
 
 -chhorna 
 
 daghna 
 
 -lagana 
 
 marua 
 
 khana A park of artillery, the place where cannon 
 
 and artillery stores are kept. 
 Topana 
 
 To cannonade. 
 
 „ _ _ I To have buried, to cause to cover. 
 
 Tupana ' 
 
 Top-chI A conductor of artillery, a commissary 
 
 of ordonnance. 
 
 Topna To bury, to cover. 
 
 Topra A fly, a kind of pigeon. 
 
 Tor The breach made by a gun, the strength 
 
 of a current, whey. 
 
 dalna To break, destroy, pull down. 
 
 dena To break, spoil. 
 
 jor Catting out (as by a tailor), arranging 
 
 a speech. 
 
 karna To make a breach (as a ball). 
 
 lena To gather, to pluck. 
 
 phor Breaking, plain speaking. 
 
 tar Breaking and destroying. 
 
 Tor 
 
 A net thrown over a woman's palki. 
 Tor ' 
 
 Xora A. number of trays, containing various 
 
 dishes of food, presented to others by 
 great men, a nobleman, a minister, pride. 
 
 -bandi The arrangement or sending out of trays 
 
 of food as presents. 
 
 posh A covering for dishes. 
 
 Xora Scarcity, want, a purse, a bag containing 
 
 one thousand rupees, the match of a 
 . gun, a bank, bar, an island, a plough- 
 share, a piece of rope, an ornament 
 like a chain. 
 
 Xor5 A ledge, projecting from a wall to keep 
 
 ofC rain, eaves. 
 
264 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tore-dar A matchlock. 
 
 Tori Mustard seed, till, up to. 
 
 Tori 1 f The name of a vegetable, a kind of 
 
 Tnra'i J | cucumber. (Cacnmis acntangnlns). 
 
 Tori The name of a musical mode or ragini. 
 
 Torna To break, to change (as, coin). 
 
 (dam ) To be at the point of death. 
 
 (roti ) To eat the bread of idleness. 
 
 Torna jorna (To break and to join) expresses absolute 
 
 power over anything. 
 
 Tosha Provision (particularly of a traveller, or 
 
 that which is carried with the funeral 
 of a deceased person, to support him 
 during his journey to the other world). 
 
 khana A wardrobe, a place where furniture is 
 
 kept. 
 
 Tota A parrot, the cock of a gun. 
 
 chasm Parrot-eyed, faithless as a parrot. 
 
 palna To nurse a sore, to conceal a foul disease. 
 
 sa bolna To prattle, talk sweetly. 
 
 Tota Loss, deficiency, a cartridge, a candle's end. 
 
 Totka A charm, an amulet, a philter. 
 
 Totla Lisper, stutterer, stammerer. 
 
 Totlana 1 
 
 Tutlana j P' ^° ^"^ imperfectly. 
 
 Trah, trahi Mercy ! save ! 
 
 or trahi kar Calling out for deliverance or mercy. 
 
 or karna .... To complain, to repent of a sin, to cry 
 
 out for mercy. 
 
 Tran Safety, a coat of. mail. 
 
 karna To free, to protect. 
 
 karta A saviour, a deliverer 
 
 Treta The name of the second Hindu jug, the 
 
 silverage. 
 
 Tri-beai {Lit. three tresses), the conflux of three 
 
 sacred rivers, especially that of the 
 Ganges, Jamnna, and supposed Saras- 
 wati underground, at Ilahabad (the 
 ancient Prag). 
 
 Tribhanga Standing awry, an epithet of Krishna. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERiMS. 265 
 
 Ti'ibhauga-1 Name of a species of partical measure. 
 
 Tribhuwan The three worlds, viz., heaven, earth, and 
 
 the infernal regions, the universe. 
 
 ujagar Splendour of the three worlds. 
 
 Trilochau Having, three eyes, an epithet of Shiva. 
 
 Tri-iiiurti Trinity, the three principal Hindu deities. 
 
 Trin Grass. 
 
 Tripauliya 
 
 ra 1 
 
 A building with three doors or arches. 
 Tirpauliya 
 
 Tripund Three marks made across the forehead 
 
 as a religious sign. 
 
 Trishna Thirst, desire, avarice. 
 
 Trlya (V. tiriya). 
 
 Tii'ar A. kind of pulse (Cytisus cajau). 
 
 Tiiba The name of a tree in paradise, whose 
 
 fruit is said to be most delicious, 
 excellent, sweet. 
 
 Tnbhak The sound of water dropping, sound of 
 
 gargling. 
 
 Tuchh Void, empty, contemptible, despicable, 
 
 worthless. 
 
 Tnchha A rake, a blackguard. 
 
 Tnda or toda A mound, heap, stack, butt or mark at 
 
 which arrows are shot. 
 
 band! Marking of boundaries. 
 
 e-tnfan Accusing, charging with crime, a calum- 
 niator. 
 
 Tnfail A parasite, glutton, an uninvited guest, 
 
 through the agency of. 
 
 Tnf an An inundation or deluge, a storm, tem- 
 pest, hurricane. 
 
 ana To blow a hurricane, to come on (a deluge 
 
 or flood). 
 
 jorna To blame, to censure. 
 
 khara karna To slander. 
 
 -tiraz-I Deluge-making, a quarrelsome person. 
 
 nthana To make a great noise. 
 
 Tnfang A musket (properly any tube through 
 
 which a thing is blown). 
 
 Tuf an-I Quarrelsome, boisterous. 
 
266 GLOSSAEY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tuf ullyat Infancy, childhood. 
 
 Tughyan Eebellion, sedition, perverseness, insolence. 
 
 ^-1 Excess, overflowing, inundation. 
 
 Tuhf a A curiosity, a present, rare, uncommon, 
 
 excellent, admirable, nice, choice, beau- 
 tiful, wonderful, odd, singular. 
 
 -gi Excellence, rarity, beauty. 
 
 ■i'^^^P^A Presents. 
 
 tahaif ) 
 
 Tuhmat Suspicion, accusation, charging one with 
 
 a crime, suspicion of guilt, calumny, 
 
 slander, aspersion. 
 
 Tuhmat dena I r., , , , . 
 
 (• To slander, calumniate. 
 
 ■ lagana ) 
 
 Tnhmat-i Suspicious, ignominious. 
 
 Tnhmtan Brave, an epithet of Rustam in tlie 
 
 Shahnama. 
 
 Tuhr Purification, purity, cleanliness. 
 
 Tnjjar PI. of tajir, a merchant, used in the 
 
 singular in Hindustan, 
 
 Tuk One line of a poem, a rhyme, a moment. 
 
 Tuk I j A piece, a little, a particle, a bit, an 
 
 Tnka j | atom, a single beat of a drum. 
 
 Tuklim Seed, an egg, sperm, a testicle. 
 
 i-bad Low-bred. 
 
 -i-balangn 1 f Seeds, which when infused, yield a cooling 
 
 i-raihan J ") drink. 
 
 i-kahu Seed of lettuce. 
 
 -i-kaian Linseed. 
 
 -rezi Scattering seed, sowing. 
 
 Tukhma Indigestion. 
 
 Tukka A sort of arrow blunt at the end, a 
 
 small hill, an eminence. 
 
 Tukma A button, loop, eye-loop. 
 
 e-jaib-kholua To open the purse. 
 
 Tukra 1 
 
 ,1 . '^ f A piece, bit, portion, division. 
 
 Tukra or Tukra purza . Scraps, clippings, shavings. 
 
 Tukr-gada A beggar for a scrap. 
 
 Tukre tukre Piecemeal, in pieces. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 267 
 
 Tukre tukre karua...... To cut to pieces, smash, break, to parcel out. 
 
 Tukur tnkur dekhna .... To stare, gaze. 
 
 Tul Resembling. 
 
 Tul Alike, like. 
 
 — baithna To be weighed against valuable things, 
 
 which are given in alms, to sit evenly 
 in a boat. 
 
 — rahna To stand front to front, opposed, ready 
 
 for battle. 
 
 Tul Length, prolixity, long, tall, extensive, 
 
 lasting long. 
 
 — dena. . To lengthen out. 
 
 — i-liarf \ 
 
 — i-kalam \ Prolixity, length of discourse, many words. 
 
 — i-sakhau J 
 
 . — pakarna To be prolonged. 
 
 — tawil Lasting long. 
 
 Tula A balance or scale, the sign Libra of 
 
 the zodiac, the practice of being weighed 
 against gold or any kind of valuable 
 substance which is afterwards given to 
 the priests. 
 
 Tnlawa ftj An advanced guard, a patrol or recon- 
 noitring party, a forlorn hope. 
 
 Tulawa C^i.) Part of a Hindustani carriage which rests 
 
 on the axle-tree arm and supports the 
 body of the carriage. 
 
 Tulna To be weighed or balanced. 
 
 Tulsi The name of a plant (worshipped by the 
 
 Hindus, and cultivated by the priest of 
 the temples) (ocymum sanctum). It is 
 said that Tulsi or Tnlasi was a nymph 
 beloved by Krishna and by him turned 
 into this plant. 
 
 dana A gold ornament. 
 
 rf j[ju Trifles, an ornament, a frame for pigeons 
 
 to perch on. 
 
 tarn -A. few trifles, an ornament. 
 
 dena To push gently. 
 
 Tuma'i The price of carding. 
 
268 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Tnman Brotlierhood, connexion, caste, bevy, crowd, 
 
 troop, squadron (prop, ten thousand). 
 
 baudhua To collect a body of troops. 
 
 dar The commander of a tnman. 
 
 -dar-i The command of a tnman, 
 
 Tumana To cause to be carded. 
 
 Tnmar A book, volume, roll, an account book, 
 
 a story. 
 
 -navis An accountant. 
 
 (Jam'i' — — ) The produce or collection of a land 
 
 recorded in Government books. 
 
 Tiimiya Thread made of carded coton, in oppo- 
 sition to that made vi^hich has been only 
 beaten (called Akra ra'i). 
 
 Tumna To card or separate (wool or cotton) 
 
 with the finger, preparatory to combing, 
 
 Tnmtnrak Magnificence, grandeur, pomp, ostentation. 
 
 -1 Pompous, ostentatious. 
 
 Tnnn Name of a tree, the flower of the tree used 
 
 for dyeing a yellow colour (Cedrela toona). 
 
 Tunnk . 
 
 Slight, weak, delicate, thin, efl^eminate. 
 
 Tniiak 
 
 hawass Sensible. 
 
 hawass-i Sense, sensibility. 
 
 -maya Slight, or weak in substance. 
 
 mizaj Whimsical, captious, peevish, fretful. 
 
 ■ -1 Weak-mindedness. 
 
 Tnnil Active, quick, hot, spirited, sharp, severe, 
 
 acrid. 
 
 bona To be angry, to be displeased. 
 
 klio Warm, passionate, fretful. 
 
 -mizaj Hot-headed, passionate. 
 
 raftar Fast-going. 
 
 zaban Eloquent, talking rapidly. 
 
 Tnud Hand or branch that has been cut off. 
 
 Tnndar or tnndnr Thunder. 
 
 Tnnd-i Fierceness, activity. 
 
 Tnpak or topak A musket. 
 
 Tnr A mountain, Sinai. 
 
 Tnrab Earth, ground, dust. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 269 
 
 Tarab-I Earthen. 
 
 Turan The country beyond the Oxus from Persia. 
 
 Tnrana 1 j To cause to be broken or changed (as 
 
 Toraua J | money). 
 
 Tnrang A horse. 
 
 Turanj A. citron, a lemon, an ornamental tissue 
 
 or embroidered piece. 
 
 Turant Instantly, quickly, directly. 
 
 Tarapna To sew in a particular manner, to stitch. 
 
 Turb A radish. 
 
 Turbat A tomb, sepulchre. 
 
 ■■!. Sepulchral. 
 
 Turk Cpl. tnrkan) A soldier, a Mnsalman (properly, a Turk, 
 
 which in Persian takes many other 
 
 meanings). 
 
 chashm A murdering or captivating eye. 
 
 mizaj Wicked, sly, depraved. 
 
 sawar A horseman, cavalier. 
 
 Turk-aii 1 a rn i ■ u 
 
 > A Turkish woman. 
 
 -1 ) 
 
 1 Turkish, a kind of horse. 
 
 tamam hn'i. . . . Spoilt, destroyed. 
 
 I Inroad, depredation, attack, feigned anger 
 
 I i of a lover, walking affectedly or with 
 
 > I a tossing about of the body. 
 
 Turpan A kind of stitch. 
 
 Turpana To stitch, darn, hem. 
 
 Turra An ornament worn in the turban, a ringlet, 
 
 a curl. 
 
 dar Crested. 
 
 lagaua To be vain. 
 
 Tnrsh Sour, harsh, ill-tempered, crabbed. 
 
 -mizaj 
 
 Sour-tempered, harsh. 
 
 -tab' I 
 
 Yu Cynical, morose, surly, stern, hard-favoured, 
 
 ugly. 
 
 Tnrsha Wild sorrel. 
 
 Tnrsha'i Sourness, harshness, acidity. 
 
 Turshana To acidulate. 
 
 Tursh-i Sourness, acidity, harshness. 
 
270 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Instantly, quickly, directly, presently, 
 immediately, fresh, new, recent, late. 
 
 Tnrsh-i-badi Acid or flatulent (a medical term). 
 
 Tnrt 
 
 Tnrta'o 
 
 Tnrt phnrt 
 
 Tnsar Ice, frost, snow, fog, blight, crops that 
 
 ripen after the rains. 
 
 Tusi A bud. 
 
 Tiisi A kind of purple colour. 
 
 Tut , Fracture, breaking, misunderstanding or 
 
 coolness between friends, harm, loss, 
 deficiency, a passage omitted in the 
 writing of a book and afterwards written 
 in the margin. 
 
 Tut jana To be broken, to become iU, to pine. 
 
 parna To break in upon, to rush in, to be 
 
 collected in crowds. 
 
 ralina To be distressed, weary, reduced to poverty, 
 
 to pine away, to be separated. 
 
 Tut A mulberry. 
 
 Tuta Broken, decayed, deficiency, scarcity. 
 
 phnta Fragments, broken to pieces. 
 
 parna To incur or suffer a loss, to lose, to fail. 
 
 — — . uthana To suffer a loss, sustain damages, to 
 
 make restitution. 
 
 Tfiti A parrot. 
 
 TStiya Blue vitriol. 
 
 T^tnii To break, to be broken, to fail, to break 
 
 forth upon, to assault, to be helpless. 
 TSz The ornaments or embellishments of a 
 
 bow, a saddle. 
 
 Tuzuk Eetinue, pomp. 
 
 o ihtisham Great pomp and glory. 
 
 Tyag Abdication, abandonment. 
 
 dena 
 
 , _ I To leave, to abandon, desert. 
 
 ■ Kama 
 
 patr A bill of divorcement. 
 
 Tyag-i Leaving, relinquishing, abandoning. 
 
 Tyagna To leave, abandon, desert, forsake, quit, 
 
 abdicate. 
 
 TyondhS Dim-sighted, purblind. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 271 
 
 u. 
 
 Ubal Boiling;, passion, rage, explosion. 
 
 Ubal chalna . . To boil over, run over, fall over. 
 
 Ubalna To boil, to boil up. 
 
 Ubana To sow, to plant. 
 
 Ubarna To set at liberty, to economize, to keep 
 
 in reserve. 
 XJbarna To be set at liberty, to remain over and 
 
 above, to exceed. 
 
 Ubasna To rot, putrefy. 
 
 Ubh Oppressing heat, languor occasioned by 
 
 heat. 
 Ubhar Swelling, prominence, acquiring fulness, 
 
 plumpness. 
 Cbharna To swell, to rise up, to overflow, to 
 
 unlade a cart or boat. 
 
 Ubharna To excite, raise up, persuade. 
 
 Ubharna To take away, to steal. 
 
 Ubhna To be agitated or oppressed with heat, 
 
 to be angry or dissatisfied. 
 
 TJbhra Unladen (as a cart or boat). 
 
 Ubhrana To fill a vessel till it run over. 
 
 Ubka'i Nausea. 
 
 TJblana To cause to boil by another, to boil over. 
 
 Ubsana To cause to rot or spoil or become sticky. 
 
 Ilbtan . 
 
 Ubti f f A composition of flour and perfumes 
 
 Uptan ( I used lo rub the body. 
 
 Uptana ' 
 
 malna To rub with ubtan. 
 
 'Ubaid A servant, slave, a devotee. 
 
 'Ubndiyat Servitude, devotion, subjection, reverence. 
 
 <Ubur Passing, crossing (a river), a ford or pass. 
 
 i darya i shor .... Transportation beyond the seas. 
 
 karna To cross a river. 
 
 Uchakka A thief, pickpocket. 
 
 pan Theft, sharp practice. 
 
272 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Uchakkl A female thief, pickpocket. 
 
 Uchakna To rise, to be raised or lifted up, to 
 
 leap, bound. 
 
 Uchalna To separate, to be separated. 
 
 TJchana To lift up a burden. 
 
 Uchat Separated, broken off, alienated, estranged, 
 
 displeased. 
 Uchat hona To be tired, to be disgusted, to be 
 
 broken (sleep). 
 
 Uchat-i (f.) \ mu . f • J • <• 1 
 
 • _ \ The act of vexing or rendering sorrowiul. 
 
 Uchehatan [m.) j 
 
 Uchatna To separate, to be separated (as plaster 
 
 from a wall), to slip, slide, rebound, 
 to be broken or interrupted (sleep). 
 
 Uchatna (Caus. of nchatna). 
 
 Uchhalna To throw up, to toss up a thing (as a 
 
 ball) and catch it in the hand. 
 
 Uchchar I „ • .■ ^^ 
 
 \ Pronunciation, utterance. 
 
 Uchcharan J 
 
 Uchcharna To pronounce, to speak out, to utter, 
 
 articulate, express. 
 
 Uchchhah Joy, gladness. 
 
 Uchchhist Food left or rejected, crumbs, fragments, 
 
 leavings. 
 
 Uchchn hona To be nearly choked in the act of swal- 
 lowing, to go down the wrong way. 
 
 Uchelna To separate one thing from another. 
 
 Uchhalna ... . - To leap, or bound, to spring up (as wa- 
 ter in a fountain), to spring or fly up. 
 
 Uchhlana To order another to throw up anything. 
 
 Uchit Proper, fit, suitable. 
 
 Uchkana To lift or raise up. 
 
 Ud 
 
 , An otter. 
 
 — hilao 
 
 'Ud Wood, timber, a staff, stick, the wood 
 
 of aloes, a lute or harp. 
 
 soz An utensil to burn wood of aloes in, or 
 
 gum benzoin. 
 
 Uda Brown, of a brown colour, a purple colour. 
 
 Udaharau An example, simile, comparison. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 273 
 
 Udilhat 
 
 „ ,_ , Brownness, blue-red colour, purple colour. 
 
 Udapau ' ' '^ 
 
 TJdai The rising of the sun or of any of the 
 
 heavenly bodies. 
 
 ast From sunrise to sunset, from east to west. 
 
 hona To rise (the sun, &c.). 
 
 Udar The belly. 
 
 Udar Liberal, generous, munificent. 
 
 -ta Liberality, generosity, munificence. 
 
 "Udas Unsettledness, retiredness, unsettled, 
 
 dejected, sorrowful, sad. 
 1 Solitude, loneliness, sadness, dejection, 
 
 unsettled, solitary, lonely, a class of fakirs. 
 
 chhana To be clouded with sorrow, to become dull. 
 
 Uddim, udyaiu Strenuous and continued effort, exertion, 
 
 endeavour, calling, employment, trade. 
 
 TJdham Noise, disturbance, impudence, rebellion. 
 
 ■ jotua To make a great noise. 
 
 IJdham-I Making noise, impudent, rebellious. 
 
 I ... Credit, loan, rescue, deliverance, salvation. 
 
 Ud-dliar ] ' ' ' 
 
 dena To lend or give on credit, to put out 
 
 at interest, to owe. 
 
 khana To live on credit. 
 
 lena To borrow or buy on credit. 
 
 Udharna To liberate, to discharge. 
 
 Udliarna To be unrolled, untwisted, unravelled or 
 
 unwound, to be opened. 
 
 Udherma To undo, unravel, strip ofl'. 
 
 Udhra Opened, undone, unrolled, stripped off. 
 
 Xjait Risen (as the sun), distinguished, con- 
 spicuous for valour. 
 
 ■'Udnl • . • • Declining, refusing, receding, deserting, 
 
 returning, deviation, refusal, disobedience. 
 
 hukm One who is disobedient. 
 
 i karna To disobey orders, to deviate from, dis- 
 obey, refuse. 
 
 Udya-pan A religious ceremony. 
 
 XJf Fie ! poh ! for shame ! alas ! 
 
 — karna To disapprove of, to lament. 
 
 18 
 
274 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 TJf na karua To hold one's tongue. 
 
 Ufk The horizon, a tract, or region of the- 
 
 (fl. afSk). earth, Cpoei.J, the world. 
 
 Fallen, lying, waste. 
 
 Uftada-gl Palling, fallen state, humility. 
 
 Uftan o khezan Now falling, now rising, hardly, witlv 
 
 difficulty. 
 Ugahi Usury, the trade of lending money on 
 
 interest of one fourth, the payment of 
 
 which is received by instalments. 
 
 Ugahna To gather, collect, accumulate. 
 
 XJgal Betel leaf, or other thing, when chewed 
 
 and spitted out. 
 
 -dan A spittoon. 
 
 Ugaln^ To spit out, to refund stolen property. 
 
 llgana To cause to grow. 
 
 UghSri Uncovered, naked, bare. 
 
 Ugharna To uncover, discover, unveil, open, pull ofll 
 
 Ugharna To be uncovered, discovered, opened,. 
 
 pulled oif. 
 
 Ugua To grow, be produced, rise (as the moon), 
 
 (Ugte hi jal jana) To be withered immediately on springing 
 
 up (is applied to a hope or expectation 
 
 nipped in the bud). 
 'Ulida V commission, an obligation, agreement^ 
 
 business, oflBce, post. 
 bar-a Having performed an agreement or com- 
 pleted an undertaking. 
 
 bar-a-i Completionofanagreementorundertaking. 
 
 dar Intrusted with a business, employed, 
 
 holding a commission, an officer. 
 
 Ujadd Inconsiderate, rash, ignorant, clownish. 
 
 Ujagar Splendour, brightness. 
 
 Ujala 
 
 „.-,- I , -, light. 
 
 bona To be lighted, to become light. 
 
 TJjalna To cleanse, to polish (metals or Jewell). 
 
 Ujar Desolate, ruined, demolished, deserted, 
 
 abandoned. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 275 
 
 TJjarna To become desolate. 
 
 Ujarna To lay waste, desolate, injure. 
 
 Ujarn Squandering, wasteful. 
 
 Ujarwana To lay waste by the hands of another 
 
 person. 
 Ujjain A once celebrated city, the capital of 
 
 king Tikramaditya. 
 Ujjal) uJalS Clear, shining, bright, white. 
 
 mnnh bona To clear one's good name. 
 
 kapra Clean, white clothes. 
 
 bona To shine, to be light, to be clean. 
 
 -pan Whiteness, brightness. 
 
 Ujlana To cause to cleanse, polish. 
 
 TJjlat Rapidity. 
 
 Ujra pnjra In ruins, desolate. 
 
 njrat Eeward, wages, hire. 
 
 Ujriya Moonlight. 
 
 Uk Error, slip. 
 
 'Ukab An eagle. 
 
 Ukasua To be excited, to be moved, to try to 
 
 move. 
 
 Ukat Contrivances, invention. 
 
 lena To discover, to iind out. 
 
 Ukatna ._. To call names, to dig up slowly a thing 
 
 buried in the ground, to artfully extract 
 a secret, to pump. 
 
 tjkh Sugar-cane (Saccharum offlciuarnm). 
 
 Ukhar lena To bring over, buy off, entice away. 
 
 pachhar Back-biting, evil speaking, slander. 
 
 Ukharna To be rooted up, plucked up, raised up. 
 
 pukharna To be plucked or rooted up. 
 
 Ukharna To root up, eradicate, break or pluck up. 
 
 XJkhli A wooden mortar. 
 
 IJkhrana To pluck up, eradicate. 
 
 XJkrii The posture of sitting on the hams with 
 
 the soles of the feet on the ground^ 
 this, and with tlie legs crossed under- 
 neath the body, are the common sitting 
 postures with natives of the East. 
 
 Uksana To raise, to give a light motion. 
 
i^76 
 
 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEBMS. 
 
 IJktana To fret, to be melanclioly or dejected, 
 
 to be out of hnmour with, to be tired 
 of, to tire. 
 
 Ulak A kind of small boat. 
 
 Ulalna To overset, to lay over to one side. 
 
 'TJlama Cpl. of 'alim) .... The learned. 
 
 Illatna To pervert, subvert, thwart, reverse, 
 
 overturn, reply, to be reversed, turned 
 over or turned back, to return. 
 
 Ulat pnlat Higgledy piggledy, topsy, turvy, confu- 
 sion, interchange. 
 
 XJlfat Friendship, familiarity, intimacy, society, 
 
 affection, attachment, kindness. 
 
 . karna To be friendly, to be intimate. 
 
 TJlfat-i Friendly, affectionate. 
 
 riichna To throw up water. 
 
 TJljhan ] 
 
 Entanglement, complication, perplexity. 
 
 Uljhana To entangle, to embroil. 
 
 XJllfi An owl, a stupid fellow, blockhead, fool. 
 
 pan Stupidity, folly. 
 
 TJlta Keverse, opposite, contrary. 
 
 dhara bandhua .... To bring a cross suit or counter action. 
 
 jawab A crooked or impudent answer. 
 
 parda The cut of an angarkha to the left hand 
 
 side as worn by Hindns, theMusalmans 
 wear theirs to the right. 
 
 phirua To return. 
 
 tawa Very black. 
 
 mala pherua To count one's beads backwards. 
 
 pulta Topsy turvy, higgledy piggledy. 
 
 UltanS To overturn, overset, pervert, thwart, 
 
 reverse. 
 
 pultaua To reverse, to modify, to interchange. 
 
 ijlu ^^ I'ii'l of grass used in thatching 
 
 (Saccharniii cylindricum). 
 
 <Ulnfa Stipend, salary, daily pay, subsistence 
 
 money. 
 
 ^1"'''^^'^* ! The divinity, god-head. 
 
 Ilahiyat | 
 
GLOSSARY Oi<' INDIAN TERMS. 277 
 
 'TJlum (pi. of 'ilm) Sciences. 
 
 i-iiiaglirabi European sciences. 
 
 i-mastaraki Oriental sciences or arts. 
 
 i-murawwaja Modem sciences. 
 
 o-fnunn. . Arts and sciences. 
 
 Umadna To overflow, to fall (as tears), to swell, 
 
 increase or be poured out (as a river, 
 
 clouds, an army, the heart). 
 
 Umaug Excessive joy, transport, ambition. 
 
 i Aspiring, ambitious. 
 
 iia To greatly rejoice. 
 
 Umara (pi. of amir).. . Nobles, grandees, a noble (generally).- 
 'Umda Great, noble, a grandee, a support, a 
 
 pillar, a prop, confidence, reliance, trust. 
 
 Umi An ear of corn half ripe. 
 
 Ummat People, sect, a people of the same religion. 
 
 -i- ... A believer in, or follower of any religion, 
 
 depth, profundity. 
 
 Ummed | 
 
 I j Hope, expectation, trust, dependence. 
 
 Umlald 1 ' • I ^^" ^^"'^-^ pregnancy. 
 
 Umined dena To give or inspire hope, promise. 
 
 Mm Hope and fear, suspense. 
 
 — rakhua To hope, expect. 
 
 se hona To be pregnant. 
 
 war Hopeful, an expectant, a candidate. 
 
 hona To hope for, to be a candidate. 
 
 -i Expectation, hope, dependence. 
 
 Ummi Not knowing how to read or write, un- 
 
 educated, illiterate, unacquainted, un- 
 known. 
 
 'Urar. . . Age, lifetime, period of life. 
 
 bhar All the lifetime. 
 
 daraz hona To be old. 
 
 ka paimana The cup of life. 
 
 katna To pass one's life. 
 
 patta A lease for life. 
 
 rasida One advanced in years, one superannuated. 
 
 'Umud 1 ^ V ^ r t ^ 
 
 _ \ . . . . ... A perpendicular (in geometry). 
 
 'Amnd 
 
278 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 'Umuk Depth, profundity. 
 
 Umnr (pi. of amr) Things, affairs, business, matters, actions, 
 
 commands. 
 
 Un Wool. 
 
 Una A kind of sword, scimitar. 
 
 Uncha High, tall, above, steep, loud. 
 
 bol bolna To speak with pride. 
 
 kan-i Deafness. 
 
 sunna To be hard of hearing. 
 
 TJncha-i Height, elevation, steepness. 
 
 Unchana To raise, to take up. 
 
 IJnche bol ka mnnh nicha The proud ones are degraded. 
 
 sur se gana To sing in a high key. 
 
 TJnch-nich Ups and downs of life, vicissitude, high 
 
 and low, particulars — every detail, un- 
 
 evenness, inequality. 
 sochna To consider well, to debate, balance, 
 
 hesitate. 
 Undelna To pour (out water, &c.). 
 
 A finger, a finger's breadth. 
 
 Ungli Nodding, sleepiness. 
 
 Unghas 
 
 Drowsiness, sleepiness, nodding, drooping. 
 Ungha'-i 
 
 TJnghna To nod from sleepiness, to doze, to 
 
 droop. 
 
 TJngll chatkaua To crack one's fingers. 
 
 par machana To make a jest of. 
 
 nthana To point one's finger at. 
 
 -^ nthna To become notorious, (in a bad sense). 
 
 Un-T Woolen. 
 
 'TJnnab The jujube fruit. 
 
 ^1 Of the colour of the jujube, red like the 
 
 jujube. 
 TJtts Society, companionship, friendship, love, 
 
 affection. 
 
 'Unsul or 'nusal A squill. 
 
 'Uusur or 'uusar Origin, element. 
 
 ^ITiisur-i or 'imsar-i Elementary, original. 
 
 TJnt A camel. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 279 
 
 Tint katara Name of a thistle of which camels are 
 
 fond (Echlnops ecMiiatns). 
 
 nl A she-camel. 
 
 •^Unwan The ornamented title-page of a book, 
 
 that whereby anything is known, or 
 
 understood, mode, manner. 
 
 Upa Near, by, by the side of, with, secondary to. 
 
 Shastr .... Sciences connected with or derived from 
 
 the Shastr. 
 
 Ved The Pnrans. 
 
 Upaban A grove, an artificially planted wood or 
 
 garden. 
 
 Upach Produce, variation, invention. 
 
 Upa-des Advice, counsel, exhortation, admonition, 
 
 instructiou. 
 
 -i An adviser, a monitor. 
 
 Upadh Violence, injury, injustice, tyranny. 
 
 -i Violent, unjust. 
 
 tfpa'e Expedient, plan, contrivance, scheme, 
 
 preparation, redress, remedy, method, 
 
 means. 
 
 karna . . ... To plan, devise, contrive, provide against. 
 
 XJpa'i Besorting to expedients, contriving, re- 
 medying, contriver. 
 
 jjpaj The burthen of a song, the chorus, vari- 
 ations in music. 
 
 Upajit Produced, propagated. 
 
 Upajna To spring up, to grow, to be produced. 
 
 Upar Above, on, up, upon, upwards, over, 
 
 outside, past. 
 
 ana To come up, rise, emerge. 
 
 hi Apart, alone, on the surface. 
 
 ka kam Miscellaneous duties, odd services. 
 
 tale Successively, one over the other. 
 
 wala The moon. 
 
 wallan Fairies, evil spirits. 
 
 Uparjan Earning, acquirement. 
 
 Uparjit Acquired. 
 
 Uparna To root up, to extirpate, to eradicate. 
 
 Upas A fast, fasting. 
 
280 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Upas-a Hungry, one who fasts. 
 
 Upasaua To reverence, to worship. 
 
 llpasna To become musty, to rot. 
 
 Upbanua To boil over. 
 
 Upjana To produce, make to grow, cultivate. 
 
 TJpja'u Fertile. 
 
 Upkar or npa-kar Assistance, benefit, kindness, favour. 
 
 Upkarrl or npa-kar-i .... Assisting, helping, beneficent. 
 
 TJpla or upli Cakes of dried cow-dung (used for fuel), 
 
 Uprala karna To take one's parts to protect, to stickle for. 
 
 Uprawari Quarrelsome, wrangling. 
 
 ITptan I f A composition of perfumes and flour used 
 
 Uptana J | to rub the body with. 
 
 malna To apply, to rub. 
 
 Ur The breast, bosom. 
 
 - lana To embrace. 
 
 Ura Dearth, scarcity. 
 
 Uran Act of flying. 
 
 Urana To cause to fly, to squander or spend 
 
 extravagantly, to entice. 
 
 pnrana To squander. 
 
 Uranghai Imposition, artifice, trick, stratagem. 
 
 batana To mislead, deceive. 
 
 TJra'u A spendthrift, an extravagant person. 
 
 Urdabegni A female armed attendant in the harem, 
 
 Urddh High, on high, above. 
 
 a bahn With arms aloft or raised up (a posture 
 
 of Jogis). 
 
 rrdb V kind of vetch. 
 
 Urdu An army, a camp, a market. 
 
 ■ i-inu'alla The royal camp or army, a term applied 
 
 to the city of Dihli or 8hahjabiinabad> 
 
 •i-iun"alla ki zaban . The court language, which at first, when 
 
 the Mubanimadans invaded India, was 
 composed mainly of Persian and Arabic 
 words ; but, in course of time, the lan- 
 guage became mixed with that of the 
 conquered country, and fashioned into 
 what is called nrdu (rekhta) (mixed), 
 or the modern Hiudustilul. 
 
GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TERMS. 281 
 
 *Urf Known (by the name), commonly called, 
 
 alias, proper, equitable, goodness, merit, 
 confession. 
 
 Urhaiya A weaver or putter on of a dress. 
 
 Urhak karua . To seek or cry for an absent person 
 
 (applied to a child only). 
 
 Ui'hakna To overset. 
 
 Urhana To cause to clothe. 
 
 Urhangan Anything placed under a vessel to prevent 
 
 its upsetting, a prop, a support. 
 
 Urhna To put on clothes. 
 
 Urna To fly. 
 
 'Urs Oblations, offerings to a saint, a marriage 
 
 feast. 
 
 'IJrHj Ascent, rising. 
 
 'Ui'yan Naked. 
 
 -i Nakedness. 
 
 Usana To w.innow. 
 
 Usanna To boil. 
 
 Usar JBarren land. 
 
 Usara A porch, portico, vestibule, a shed. 
 
 Usarna To remove, put out of place. 
 
 Usarna To retreat, recede, shrink from. 
 
 Usas Breatli, breathing, hope. 
 
 Usasna To breathe. 
 
 Usevna To throw out the water from boiled rice. 
 
 Uslub Manner, mode, method, order, arrangement, 
 
 form. 
 
 Uslub-dar Well-arranged, elegant. 
 
 'Usrat Difficulty, distress. 
 
 Usta A barber. 
 
 Ustad Teacher, preceptor, master. 
 
 Ustad-i Teaching, instruction, mastership, skill, 
 
 masterly (as workmanship). 
 
 Ustura A razor. 
 
 Ustuwar Firm, strong, stable, powerful, brave, 
 
 resolute, solid. 
 
 karna To strengthen, support. 
 
 TJstuwar-i Firmness, stability, strength, resolution, 
 
 constancy. 
 
282 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 TJsSl (pi. of asl) Hoots, causes, a musical mode or tone. 
 
 wa furn' Roots and branches, causes and effects. 
 
 TJt One who dies without leaving issue, 
 
 an unmarried man, (in Hindi), a stupid 
 person, blockhead, dunce. 
 
 Utakkarlais Precipitate, rash, acting without con- 
 sideration. 
 
 TJtakna To move, hop, jump, skip, caper. 
 
 Utau or nt-tan Supine, lying on the back, shallow. 
 
 Utangan Name of a river near Go'aliar, name of 
 
 a plant. 
 
 Uta'ola Snift, quick, speedy, precipitate, rash. 
 
 Uta'oli Haste, speed, rashness, impatience. 
 
 TJtar Descent. 
 
 charhao Ascent and descent. 
 
 dena To bring down, hence, to disgrace, to 
 
 dishonour. 
 
 Utara A descent, an answer, cast off clothes, 
 
 disgrace, degradation, ransom, self-devo- 
 tion, trip of a boat, a propitiatory offering. 
 
 ntarna To transfer the evil spirit to the utara. 
 
 e ka mal Warehouse goods. 
 
 TJtaran A fragment. 
 
 'Utarid The planet Mercury, quicksilver. 
 
 Utarna To descend, to alight,, to subside, to 
 
 decrease, to pass over, to go off, to fall 
 off, to decay, to be freed from debt, to 
 become insipid, to fall in value or dignity. 
 
 Utarna To cause to alight, to bring down, to 
 
 degrade, to take off, to tear off, cutoff, 
 or break off (a partion of anything), to 
 make a return or recompence, to unload, 
 disembark, discharge (goods). 
 
 rtiire hil'e Engaged with a desperate resolution in 
 
 any enterprise, (metaphor from cavalry 
 dismounting to fight on foot). 
 
 Utarn hona To embark, pursue, persecute, haunt. 
 
 rtlia baithi Act of frequently rising up and sitting 
 
 down, inconstancy. 
 
 ••''"5 To remove, abolish, abrogate, exterminate. 
 
GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TERMS. 283 
 
 Utha lejana To run away with, carry off, abduct. 
 
 Utha'i gira A pilferer, purloiner, petty thief. 
 
 Uthan An area or court. 
 
 Uthan Act of appearing. 
 
 Uthana To lift or raise up, take away, abolish, 
 
 excite, support, bear, carry, remove, 
 receive, suffer, exliibit, contract debts 
 or purchase on credit, expend. 
 
 Uthaug^au A prop or support. 
 
 TTthanna Something set apart as an offering to 
 
 a god or goddess. 
 
 Uthau Extravagant, profuse, a prodigal. 
 
 chulha A travelling kitchen, one who has no 
 
 fixed abode or livelihood. 
 
 TJtU baith Hestlessness, a kind of exercise. 
 
 TJth baithna To get up, arise, wake up, sit up, revive, 
 
 recover be made straight. 
 
 khara. bona To stand up. 
 
 Uthe baithe Standing or sifting gradually, slowly, 
 
 every moment. 
 
 Uthla Shallow, shelving. 
 
 Uthna To rise up, be raised, spring up, to be 
 
 abolished. 
 
 TJtbi jawani The prime of youth. 
 
 TJthwana To causae to lift or raise up, to remove. 
 
 Utiran Worn, cast off (clothes, jewels, &c.). 
 
 Utpanu . Produced, profits, proceeds, produce. 
 
 Ut-pat A portent, phenomenon, violence, injustice, 
 
 injury. 
 
 Ut-patti Birth, origin, creation, production. 
 
 Utran A fragment, anything taken off the body, 
 
 cast off clothes. 
 
 TJtrana To cause to pull or take down. 
 
 Uttam Best, principal, first. 
 
 karm A- good, excellent work. 
 
 pnrush A good, excellent man. 
 
 XJt-tar The north, an answer, northern, latter, 
 
 behind, superior, high. 
 
 ardb The latter half. 
 
 UUnYg^ Northward, northerly, northwind. 
 
284 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Uttariiwan A place to which fish throng. 
 
 Uttu Plaits of cloth. 
 
 gar One who plaits cloth. 
 
 karna To plait, to beat severely. 
 
 Uzak tnzak Pomp, splendour, the habits or fashions 
 
 of a king, the king's seal. 
 
 Uzl)ak Name of a Tartar tribe or nation, a 
 
 blockhead. 
 
 'Uzlat Eeiirement, retiring. 
 
 -guzida A recluse, hermit. 
 
 'Uzm Greatness, magnificence. 
 
 'Uzr Excuse, apology. 
 
 baki na rakhna .... To have no objection. 
 
 -dar An objector, a claimant. 
 
 dar-i Statement of objections, a cross demand. 
 
 -i-'amm A general plea. 
 
 i-beja A weak or bad plea, an improper objection. 
 
 i-farcl) A jjlea of fraud. 
 
 -i-ghalati A plea of error. . 
 
 i-mndda'a 'alaihi ... A plea urged for the defence. 
 
 -i-nabalighi A plea of minority. 
 
 i-kaniin A plea in law, a legal objection. 
 
 i-kawl A valid objection. 
 
 i-wirasat A plea of heirship. 
 
 karna To -apologize, to ask pardon. 
 
 ke kabU Excusable, objectionable. 
 
 khwah An apologist. 
 
 kliwanl An apology, excuse. 
 
 pesh karna To plead, object, take exception to. 
 
 .pizir Excusable, admissible. 
 
 taslTni karna To admit an objection. 
 
 V. 
 
 The Persian letter waw, and the Sanscrit letter va have sometimes 
 the sound of the English letter V. 
 
 Vadh or badh Killing, slaying, slaughter. 
 
 Taidya or baid A physician. 
 
 Vaish or bais AYaisyaorman of the third of the fourth 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEKMS. 
 
 285 
 
 Hindii castes, whose profession is mer- 
 cantile or agricultural, age. 
 
 Vaislmay or baislinay Of or relating to Vishnu, a worshipper 
 
 of Vishnu. 
 
 Var or bar A choice, boon, blessing, good, a bride- 
 groom, an appointment. 
 
 -da'i Giver of a choice or blessiner. 
 
 Vasauii or hasna Desire, inclination, choice. 
 
 Vastra or hastar Cloth, clothes. 
 
 Ved or bed The name of the four Hindu scriptures, 
 
 vi2., rik, saina, yajush, and atharva, 
 certainty, faith. 
 
 Vedant or bedant The name of a particular Hindu philo- 
 sophical system. 
 
 Vedant-i or bedant-i One who is conversant with the bedant 
 
 system. 
 
 Vesya or beswa A prostitute. 
 
 Vidhan or bidhau Common practice, precept, direction. 
 
 Vidhata or bidhata He who has predestined, i.e. the deity 
 
 Brahma. 
 
 VidhI or bidh Rule, order, law, statute, precept, direc- 
 tion, decree, manner, mode, way, name 
 of Brahma, providence. 
 
 Vidhu or bidhu The moon. 
 
 Vidya or Mdya Science, knowledge, intellect. 
 
 — -dhar A sort of demi-god or attendant in the 
 
 celestial courts. 
 
 Vidyarthi or bidyarthi.. . A student. 
 
 Vidya-van or bidya-wan. . Scientific, learned. 
 
 Vrik or brik A wolf. 
 
 Vrikha or brikh A bull, Taurus (the sign of the zodiac). 
 
 Vriksha or briksh A tree. 
 
 Vrind or brind A demi-god. 
 
 Vyasa or byas Name of a Muni or saint, who is esteemed 
 
 the collector and arranger of the Vedas, 
 and the author of the Mahabharat. 
 
 w. 
 
 "jYa Open, again, back, with. 
 
286 GLOSSAKY OF INDIAN TEllMS. 
 
 Wa-basta Bound, related, connected, depending on, 
 
 an adherent, dependent. 
 — -basta-gan (pi.) Connections, relations, adherents. 
 
 — liona To becoine open, cheerful or relieved of 
 
 sorrow. 
 
 — karna To open. 
 
 — manda Tired, fatigued, remaining behind. 
 
 — shndan Expanding, opening. 
 
 Waba Plague, pestilence. 
 
 pliailna To prevail (a plague). 
 
 Wabal An unhealthy climate or atmosphere, a 
 
 crime, fault, pest, plague, misfortune, 
 ruin, vexation, painful, vexations. 
 
 bona To be a plague to one. 
 
 i-jan Burdensome to life. 
 
 Wa'da A promise, a vow. 
 
 Wa'da-khilaf A person who does not keep his promise. 
 
 -khilafi Breach of promise. 
 
 -talna To evade a promise or agreement. 
 
 -wafS Punctual, true to one's word. 
 
 karna To fulfil one's promise, to keep faith. 
 
 Wadad 
 
 ,., Love, friendship. 
 
 Wadd ' ^ 
 
 Wadi , A valley. 
 
 Wadi'at Deposit, trust. 
 
 -i-hayat Death, depositing one's life. 
 
 Wadiid Loving, an epithet of the deity. 
 
 Waf a Performing a promise, observation of 
 
 faith, sincerity, fidelity, sufficiency. 
 
 begaua Faithless. 
 
 -dar Faithful, sincere. 
 
 -dar-I Sincerity, fidelity. 
 
 \ Faithful. 
 
 parast I 
 
 pesha Faithful, practising good faith. 
 
 gi 
 
 Fidelity, sincerity. 
 
 Wafat Death, decease. 
 
 Wafl Sincere, honourable, entire, complete, 
 
 plentiful, numerous. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 287 
 
 ^aflr Abundant, plentiful, copious, much, many, 
 
 opulent, ample. 
 
 Wafk A sufficiency,concord,agreement,congruity. 
 
 Wafr Full, complete, entire, numerous, copious, 
 
 abundant. 
 
 Wagha War, battle, tumult, clamour. 
 
 Waghaira Et csetera, and so forth. 
 
 Wah Bravo ! well done ! excellent ! alas ! fy ! 
 
 karna To applaud, clap hands. 
 
 wa or wah Bravo ! bravo ! how excellent ! also an 
 
 exclamation to denote surprise, concern, 
 
 sympathy, sorrow. 
 
 Walib Giving, bestowing. 
 
 Wahdaniyat Believing in the unity of the deiiy. 
 
 Wahdat Unity, the being one. 
 
 Wahi Divine revelation, inspiration. 
 
 ntarna To be revealed. 
 
 Wall! Weak, crazy, ill-founded (premises, ar- 
 gument, conclusion). 
 
 tabahi I 
 
 Absurd, nonsense. 
 
 wahT 
 
 yat .- Absurdities. 
 
 Wahib A giver, liberal, generous, 
 
 i-be-minnat . . . . Disinterestedly liberal (the deity). 
 
 u-l-'ataya.. . . . The giver of all gifts (God). 
 
 Wahid Alone, unique, singular. 
 
 u-l-'asr The nonpareil of the age. 
 
 Wahid One, sole, individual, single, singular. 
 
 shahid.. . God is my witness, giving, bestowing. 
 
 Wahim .... ... Thinking, imagining, being of opinion. 
 
 Wahima Imagination, fancy. 
 
 Wahla- An attack. 
 
 Wahm Imagination, idea, conjucture, opinion, 
 
 anxiety, apprehension. 
 
 Wahm-i Imaginary, conjectural. 
 
 Wahsh A wild beast. 
 
 Wahshat Fright, fear, dread, horror, loneliness, a 
 
 desert, solitude, dreary place, wildness, 
 
 savageness. 
 -angez Frightful. 
 
288 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEUMS. 
 
 Wahshat-asar 1 . t ■ u^e ^ 
 
 " > Impressing with horror irightiul. 
 
 -zada Aghast, terrified. 
 
 Wahsh-i Wild, savage, a wild beast. 
 
 -yana Savage-like, rustic. 
 
 Wa'id Threatening or predicting anything bad, 
 
 promising anything good. 
 
 Wail Calamity, reprisal, revenge. 
 
 kash '..... Vindictive. 
 
 Wairan or wiran Desolated, laid waste, depopulated, ruined. 
 
 Wairan or wiran-a A solitude, a desolated or desolate place. 
 
 -i Desolation, depopulation, destruction, 
 
 desert places. 
 
 Wa'iz A preacher. 
 
 Waja' Disease, pain, affliction, complaint, 
 
 mourning. 
 
 i-mafasil Rheumatism. 
 
 Wajd Ecstacy, rapture, excessive love, opulence, 
 
 discovering, procuring, finding. 
 
 "VVajh Cause, reason, mode, manner, way, face, 
 
 visage, appearance, semblance, (in Pers. 
 and Hind.) wages, salary, money. 
 
 -i-hal Mode of living, state of circumstances. 
 
 Wajha Allowance, pension, salary. 
 
 Wajib Necessary, expedient, proper, worthy, 
 
 convenient, just, reasonable. 
 
 Cpl. Wajibat) Things necessary or expedient. 
 
 Wajib bona To be necessary, whorthy, proper. 
 
 u-l-ada Necessary to be discharged (duties). 
 
 u-l-'arz Pit to be represented. 
 
 katl Deserving death. 
 
 t-taz'im Worthy of respect and attention. 
 
 t-ta'zlr Punishable. 
 
 1-wnjud God (whose existence is necessary). 
 
 Wajih Pine looking, conspicuous. 
 
 Waka'i' (pi. of waki'a*).. News, events. 
 
 — iiavis ) 
 
 . _ \ An intelligencer. 
 
 -nigar J " 
 
 nigar-i Tlie office of an intelligencer. 
 
 Wakalat Embassy, agency, deputation, attorneysbip. 
 
GLOSSAlir OF INBIAN TEllMS. 289 
 
 Wakalat nama A power of attorney. 
 
 Wakalatan By delegation. 
 
 Wakf. Standing, stopping, understanding, tran- 
 quillity, firmness, constancy, permanency, 
 a legacy for pious uses, an endowment 
 for public charity. 
 
 Wakfa Delay, choking, stopping, retarding, 
 
 respite, vacancy. 
 
 dena To grant an extension of time, an ad- 
 journment. 
 
 Wakfiyat . . The book in which legacies for pious 
 
 uses are registered. 
 
 Waki' Befalling, happening, occurring, arriving, 
 
 appearitig. 
 
 {'pi. Waki'at) Accidents, events, occurrences, intelligence. 
 
 men In fact, truly. 
 
 Waki"a Event, intelligence, news, death. 
 
 navis An intelligencer. 
 
 Wakif Acquainted, experienced, intelligent, know- 
 ing, learned, sensible. 
 
 — i-hal 
 
 , Experienced, intelligent, a connoisseur. 
 
 — kar I 
 
 -kar-i Experience, intelligence, knowledge. 
 
 Wakif lyat Experience, knowledge, intelligence. 
 
 Wakll An agent, ambassador, representative, 
 
 pleader, attorney, deputy. 
 i-mntlak A plenipotentiary, a vicegerent invested 
 
 with full powers. 
 
 karna To appoint an attorney. 
 
 kharcha Fees of an attorney. 
 
 "Wakr ])ignity, honour, character, mild, modest, 
 
 sedate. 
 
 Wakt (pi. ankat) Time, season, opportunity, adversity. 
 
 ba-wakt Erom time to time. 
 
 be-wakt In season or out of season, constantly. 
 
 dekhna To look out or wait for an opportunity. 
 
 gnziirna To kill time, 
 
 i-nazak Critical, delicate, hard times. 
 
 katna To pass away the time. 
 
 k5 paband Punctual. 
 
 19 
 
Wal 
 
 Wala 
 
 290 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS. 
 
 Wakt par At the proper, exact time. 
 
 parna To suffer misfortunes, to be distressed. 
 
 -yab Finding an opportunity. 
 
 Cin compj, agent, keeper, man, inhabitant, 
 master, lord, possessor, (as DUli-wala^ 
 inhabitant of Dilli: ghar-wala, master 
 or keeper of a house; hone-wala, be- 
 coming, about to be ; naw-wala, boatman. 
 
 Wala Exalted in dignity, sublime, high. 
 
 -jail Of exalted dignity. 
 
 kadr Of high dignity. 
 
 shan High in rank or dignity. 
 
 Walad A son, offspring. 
 
 — n-z-zina A. son of a whore, an earthwonn. 
 
 Wall A prince, lord, master, friend, saint, a 
 
 servant, a slave. 
 
 -'alid An heir, a locum tenens, vicegerent. 
 
 ■ i Heritage. 
 
 -khangar An assistant, protector. 
 
 ni'inat A title of respect by which a father is 
 
 addressed, patron, benefactor. 
 
 Walid A father. 
 
 a A mother. 
 
 ain Parents. 
 
 Walih Distracted, mad with love, stupefied, 
 
 astonished. 
 
 Walwala 1 f Howling, lamenting, a tumult, noise, 
 
 Walwala ) 1 uproar, fervour, ardour, pining. 
 
 Wam Debt, credit, lending, borrowing, colour. 
 
 Wa-pas Behind, afterward, then, again, back, 
 
 returning. 
 
 ana To come back, to be returned. 
 
 dena 
 
 na I 
 irna J 
 
 _ , To return, restore, give back. 
 
 karr" ' "^ 
 
 lena To take back. 
 
 milna To get back. 
 
 rakliua To detain, retard. 
 
 Wa-pas-in Latter, last, hiudmost. 
 
 War (h.) V blow, wound. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 291 
 
 Wiir (s.) A (lay, leisure, delay, waiting, patience, 
 
 time, the near bank of a river, on this side. 
 
 Wara Cheapness, thrift, a victim, cheap, (in 
 
 compos.), doer, agent, like wala. 
 
 Wara' Timidity, apprehension of doing wrong, 
 
 fear of God, temperance, continence. 
 
 Wa-rafta Wandered, lost. 
 
 Warak A leaf of a bopk, a card, a slice. 
 
 (lagh-i Written paper. 
 
 daghi karua To page a book. 
 
 tarashna To cut cards. 
 
 u-l-khiyal An intoxicating drug (Cannabis sativa). 
 
 ntarna To page and line a book. 
 
 Warak-i Leaf-like. 
 
 Waram A swelling, tumour, inflated, enraged. 
 
 hona To be inilated, enraged. 
 
 ■ karna To swell (any part of the body). 
 
 Waran Offerings, oblations, sacrifices. 
 
 Warapar 1 ( On both sides, on this side and that, 
 
 War-par J | through and through, bounds. 
 
 Wa-rasta Delivered, saved. 
 
 Ward A rose, a flower, the leaf of a flower, 
 
 a petal. 
 
 Wardi An ofKcial uniform. 
 
 Ware On this side, near. 
 
 girua To fall short. 
 
 Warghalana To deceive, inveigle, decoy. 
 
 !A termination denoting place, as sati- 
 war, the place where sati (q.v.) is 
 burned; phul-wari, a flowergarden. 
 
 Warid Coming, arriving, being present. 
 
 fpl. "WTiridat) Events, ocurrences. 
 
 Warid hona To arrive, to come. 
 
 sadir Guests. 
 
 Wari-pheri-liona To be transported with joy. 
 
 TflTaris An heir, master, lord, owner. 
 
 i Heritage. 
 
 War-kharch Profuse, prodigal, extravagant. 
 
 -^y^j.^^ To surround, to offer sacrifice. 
 
 Warrad A gardener. 
 
 Wari 
 War 
 
292 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 
 
 War-rahna To be victorious. 
 
 Warsa Heritage, bequest. 
 
 Warta A labyrinth, whirlpool, embarrassment, 
 
 any situation of danger and difficulty. 
 Warzish Abstinence, sobriety, custom, liabit, gain, 
 
 labour, exertion, exercise. 
 
 karna To go through athletic exercises. 
 
 Wasalat Mediation, channel, medium, means. 
 
 Wasat The middle, centre, middling, central, 
 
 suitable, just, proper, excellent, great, 
 magnificent. 
 
 1 Middling, neither long nor short pro- 
 nunciation. 
 
 Was'at I ( Space, extent, power, means, leisure, 
 
 Wns'at ) I convenience, opportunity, ease. 
 
 Wasatat Means, mediadon, medium. 
 
 Wasf Praise, encomium, merit, virtue, worth, 
 
 description, description of qualities. 
 
 karna To praise, describe. 
 
 rakhna To possess any good quality. 
 
 Wasi' Extensive, large, spacious. 
 
 Was! An executor, administrator of a will, a 
 
 preceptor. 
 
 yat A last will and testament, precept, man- 
 
 date, making a will. 
 
 IVasiyat-uama A last will or testament. 
 
 Wasid. . . The threshold of a house. 
 
 Waslk Firm, steady, strong, confident, binding, 
 
 obligatory. 
 Wasikat Firmness, solidity, confidence, faith, a 
 
 bond, obligation, written agreement. 
 Waslla Affinity, propinquity, cause, conjecture, 
 
 support, prop, means of effecting anything, 
 
 patronage. 
 
 --diiir A client, dependent. 
 
 -T Clients hip, dependence. 
 
 Wask Confidence, trusting in. 
 
 Wasl. . Meeting, union, conjunction. 
 
 karna To unite, paste, conjoin, annex. 
 
 Wasl-i Copulative, conjunctive, paper or other 
 
OLOSSAllV OF INDIAN TERMS. 293 
 
 material pasted together for the purpose 
 of practising writing on. 
 
 Wasma The leaves of woad or indigo (with an 
 
 extract from which the natives stain 
 their beards, cloth, &c.), a hairwash. 
 
 dar Stained with vrasma. 
 
 -\wh\i Dressed in cloths stained with wasma. 
 
 Wasmat Reproach, disgrace, crime, sin, fault, 
 
 torpor, languor. 
 
 Wa-sokht An impassioned style in poetry. 
 
 Wast V. Wasat. 
 
 Wasta Account, sake, cause, reason. 
 
 fprop. Trasita, a mediator, 
 means, medium, motive). 
 
 Wasta-dar Relation by Islood or marriage. 
 
 rakhiia To bear upon, concern. 
 
 Waste On account of, for the sake, in behalf. 
 
 Wasti A reed of which pens are made. 
 
 Waswas The temptation of the devil, distraction 
 
 of mind, doubt, suspense, hesitation, 
 apprehension, dread, perplexity, super- 
 stition, scrupulousness. 
 
 Waswasa Temptation, evil suggestion. 
 
 Waswas-i Doubtful, causing suspense, distracting, 
 
 apprehensive, scrupulous. 
 
 Watad or watid A peg, pin. 
 
 ■^Vatan Native country, country residence, abode, 
 
 home. 
 
 (iQSt A patriot, a friend to one's country. 
 
 — dushman A traitor, an enemy to one's country. 
 
 (hubb-i-watan) Patriotism. 
 
 Watan-I Belonging to one's country. 
 
 ■yY'atar A necessary thing, necessity, use. 
 
 Wati Kicking, treading under foot. 
 
 Watira A path, way, manner, habit, custom. 
 
 Wa walla Lamentation, bewailing, alas ! 
 
 karna To wail, cry out, make a noise. 
 
 >Vaz Open. 
 
 ^ya'jj Admonition, advice, exhortation, preaching, 
 
 sermon. 
 
29-4 GLOSSAllY OV INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 ^*'? ^^^""^ 1 To preach. 
 
 karna J 
 
 y^nY} Situation, state, condition, manner, mode, 
 
 procedure, position, conduct. 
 
 dar Stylish, elegant. 
 
 i-hainl Abortion, miscarriage. 
 
 karna To deduct, to subtract, to found. 
 
 yfa'A' A.n inventor, founder. 
 
 yynn' Ignoble, base, plebeian, low, a deposit, 
 
 trust, anything committed to the earc 
 of another. 
 
 (Sliarif-o-waji') Nobles and plebeians. 
 
 ■Wazifa A pension, stipend, salaiy, stipulated 
 
 allowance, a daily performance or task, 
 anything agreed on, a daily lesson from 
 the Knran. 
 
 A pensioner, a holder of a scholarship. 
 
 Wazih Evident, apparent, manifest, clear. 
 
 hona To be known. 
 
 karna To explain. 
 
 Wazir (pi. Wuzara.) A minister of state. 
 
 n-l-mamalik .... The grand wazir. 
 
 Wazir-I The office of a minister of state. 
 
 "jYazn Weight, weighing, measure, metre, rhyme, 
 
 reputation, esteem, honour, examination. 
 
 karna To weigh, measure. 
 
 raklina To be weighty. 
 
 Wazn-I Heavy, weighty. 
 
 IVazu The ablution performed by Musaliuans 
 
 (prop, ivnzii). before prayer and consisting in first 
 
 washing the hands and inside the mouth, 
 then throwing water on the forehead, 
 afterwards washing the face, arms, and feet. 
 
 "R^ida' farewell, adieu, bidding farewell. 
 
 karna To bid farewell. 
 
 Wif ak Concord, harmony, good understanding, 
 
 unanimity. 
 
 Wika' Attack in battle, engagement. 
 
 Wlla li'riendship, sway. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TEKMS. '295 
 
 Wiladat Nativity, birtli. 
 
 Wilayat An inhabited country dominion, district, 
 
 a foreign country, possession, being 
 master of anything, friendship, union 
 (especially with God), sanctity. 
 
 -1 Foreign, European. 
 
 'kkatt A kind of Persian writing called nasta'lik. 
 
 Wiinan A celestial car. 
 
 {same as biman and bewan). 
 
 Wiran 
 
 an 1 
 ran ) 
 
 Desolated, laid waste, depopulated, ruined. 
 w aii*^ " 
 
 WIraa-a A solitude, a desolated or desolate place. 
 
 Wirasat Heritage. 
 
 au By way of inheritance. 
 
 Wird Daily use, practise, task. 
 
 karna To repeat. 
 
 wazlfa i)arlina To perform one's daily tasks of devotion. 
 
 Wisal Meeting, interview, connection, death, 
 
 society, confederacy. 
 
 Wisatat V. wasatat. 
 
 Wizr A crime, sin, fault, a burden, load, arms. 
 
 Wizarat . . The dignity of Tvazir, the office of prime 
 
 minister or grand vizir. 
 Wufur A multitude, plenty, abundance, full, 
 
 comjDlete, copious. 
 
 Wujiib Necessity, obligation. 
 
 TVnjud Invention, existence, essence, substance, 
 
 body. 
 
 ba Notwithstanding. 
 
 -jud A liberal person. 
 
 ^""^^ PI. of wajh g.v. 
 
 Wujnhat J 
 
 ■\Ynkn' A contingency, accident, event, occurrence, 
 
 the happening. 
 
 -^y^tiif Understanding, information, sense, ex- 
 perience, wisdom, 
 
 dar Experienced. 
 
 palda karna To get sense. 
 
 Wurud Arrival, coming, appearing, approaching, 
 
 descending, alighting. 
 
296 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Wnsiil Arrival, conjunction, acquisition or enjoy- 
 ment (of anything desired). 
 
 liona To gei, receive, to be arrived. 
 
 karua To collect. 
 
 pana To realize, to receive. 
 
 Wnzara pi. of wazir, q.v. 
 
 Wuzu V. wajn. 
 
 Wiizuli Evidence, proof. 
 
 Y. 
 
 Yab (in composj Finder, finding, getting. 
 
 Tabanda A finder, finding. 
 
 Yabn A pony. 
 
 Tachak A beggar. 
 
 Tad Memory, recollection. 
 
 ana To come to mind, to recur. 
 
 ash bakhaii* An expression referring to an absent friend. 
 
 -awari JRemembrance. 
 
 -bud A keepsake. 
 
 dasht A memorandum. 
 
 dill A putter in mind. 
 
 dilana, To remind. 
 
 faramosh Name of a game. 
 
 gar A memorial, memento. 
 
 gar-i A keepsake, token. 
 
 Tad A hand, handle, aid, assistance, power,^ 
 
 vigour, benefit, service. 
 
 Yaft Perquisite, earnings, profit, income, fees. 
 
 Yagan Singly. 
 
 a Kindred, single, sole, singular, unique, 
 
 incomparable, agreed, unanimous. 
 gat Singularity, unity, concord, unanimity , 
 
 conjunction, union. 
 
 gi Singularity, excellence, concord, unamity. 
 
 -iyat Solitariness, kindred. 
 
 Yaglima | 
 
 Yaghma Plunder, booty, spoil. 
 
 Yaghinan ) 
 
 Yagn A kind of Hindu sacrifice. 
 
GLOSSAUY OF INDIAN TEEMS. 297 
 
 Yahud 
 
 All at OBce, immediately, once. 
 Successively, all at once. 
 
 ,^ , _,. I A Jew, a Hebrew. 
 
 Yahudi ' 
 
 Yahndiya Judea. 
 
 Yajnj-inajuj Gog and Magog. 
 
 Yak One, a, an. 
 
 adh A few. 
 
 a-yak 
 
 Mr 
 
 — ■ a 
 
 gi 
 
 yak 
 
 -ba-yak 
 
 -baggha A horse pressing on one rein. 
 
 -chand Some little, some little time, some time. 
 
 -chob-a One-poled (a tent). 
 
 -dast Entire, uniform, even (clotli), altogetlier. 
 
 -digar One another. 
 
 dil Of one heart and mind. 
 
 -ka Single, the ace at cards. 
 
 -kalam Consistent (a writer), all, total, at once, 
 
 entirely, altogether. 
 
 -lakht All at once, altogether. 
 
 lauta Single, solitary, a single child (without 
 
 brother or sister). 
 
 -loh-I A sword blade made of one piece of steel. 
 
 -inau-I Unanimity, friendship. 
 
 .innuh Talking consistently. 
 
 moslit I 
 
 -math (■ A handful, all at once, prompt payment. 
 
 mntthi ' 
 
 nafas One breathing, one moment. 
 
 — -rah Going on the same road. 
 
 -rang Of one colour, sincere, simple, uniform. 
 
 i Sincerity, simplicity, uniformity. 
 
 -rn Unanimous. 
 
 1 Unanimity, friendship. 
 
 san Equal, alike, the same, level, parallel, 
 
 conformable. 
 
 sar AH at once, altogether. 
 
 taraf Aside. 
 
298 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 than Collected, assembled together. 
 
 Tak-a'i Unit. 
 
 Yakh Ice. 
 
 Takhni Gravy, sauce, stew. 
 
 pnla'o A kind of pnla'o (a dish of flesh and 
 
 rice), prepared with gravy. 
 
 Takin Certainty, truth. 
 
 karua To ascertain. 
 
 lana To believe. 
 
 Takin-i Certainty, infallibility, truth, certain, 
 
 indisputable. 
 Tak-la'i A veil, cloak or sheet, worn over the 
 
 head and shoulders, of one breadth 
 
 without a seam. 
 
 Ta'knb Jacob. 
 
 Takniu Tlie first day of the month. 
 
 Taknt A ruby. 
 
 i Of or relating to the ruby, name of a 
 
 medicine. 
 
 Tal A horse's mace. 
 
 Yal A hero, a brave man, corpulent, robust. 
 
 Yala phaila Unconfined, extended, spread, at ease. 
 
 Yalda The longest night of the year. 
 
 Yam Season, time, weather. 
 
 ni Muharamadan dialect or words, night. 
 
 The angel of death. 
 
 Yaman (li.) Name of a rag:im or musical mode. 
 
 Yaman (i.) Arabia Felix. 
 
 Yaman-i Anything belonging to Arabia Felix, a 
 
 cornelian. 
 
 Yamin An oath, the right hand. 
 
 Yamln-o-yasar The right and left wings of an army. 
 
 Ya'ni Videlicet, viz., namely, to wit. 
 
 Yar A friend, a lover, paramour, an assistant, 
 
 a companion. 
 
 bauanli To make a friend of, to form a friendship. 
 
 banna To be friendly with. 
 
 -bash Voluptuous, sensual. 
 
 basU-I Sensuality. 
 
GLOSSAUV OF INDIAN TEKMS. 299 
 
 Yar-i-ghiir A sincere friend. 
 
 -i-wafadar A faithful friend, name of a river. 
 
 Yara Power, strength. 
 
 1 Might, ability, power. 
 
 na Priendl}', like a friend. 
 
 Yara A broad bracelet, the wrist, a wound, 
 
 power, strengtli, a shrewd man, friend- 
 ship, necessity, tax, toll, reyenue. 
 
 Yarak.' Arms, apparatus, a dart. 
 
 Yarglia An amble (pace of a horse). 
 
 clialana To amble, name of a bird. 
 
 Yarghamal A hostage. 
 
 Yar-i Friendship, love, assistance, also, intri- 
 
 gining. 
 
 deua . . To second, help, side with. 
 
 -gai" A helper, an assistant. 
 
 -gar-i Help, assistance. 
 
 Y'ai'ni A female friend. 
 
 Yarkan The yellow jaundice. (Tap-i-yarkan, 
 
 yellow fever). 
 Yas Despair, fear, terror. 
 
 lioua To be despondent. 
 
 Yasar (a.) Left, the left side, plenty, opulence, 
 
 affluence. 
 o-yamin Hight and left (dast-i-yasar) on the left 
 
 hand. 
 
 Yasar (p.) An unlucky person. 
 
 Yasawal A captain of the guard. 
 
 Yashb 1 , 
 
 \ xigate. 
 
 Yashin J 
 
 Yasmin 1 ,. 
 
 \ Jasmine. 
 
 Yasinin | 
 
 Yatash-khana An antichamber, hall of audience. 
 
 Yatim An orphan, pupil, ward, a valuable jewel 
 
 (dnrr-i-yatim), a large aud precious 
 pearl found only in the shell. 
 
 1 The state of an orphan. 
 
 Yanin A day. 
 
 an fa yauman Day after day. 
 
 u-1-hashr The day of resurrection. 
 
300 GLOSSAUY OI' INDIAN TEKMS. 
 
 Yauiuu-l-hisab The day of judgment. 
 
 Yaumiya Daily, the daily food. 
 
 Yawa Absurd, vaiu, futile, lost, ruined. 
 
 bakna To talk nonsense. 
 
 go An absurd talker. 
 
 -go-i Absurdity, talking nonsense, babble. 
 
 Yawar An assistant, coadjutor, a friend, com- 
 panion. 
 
 1 Aid, friendship, favour. 
 
 Yazd Name of a city in Persia, God. 
 
 Yazdau God. 
 
 1 Divine. 
 
 A hero, warrior, brave fellow. 
 
 Yoddhau 1 „,..,, 
 
 I Pightmff, battle. 
 
 Jodhau I 
 
 Ynkt Fit, proper, project, contrivance, art. 
 
 Yiinan Ionia, Greece. 
 
 1 A Grecian. 
 
 -iyan The Greeks. 
 
 YSnas Jonah. 
 
 Ynrish Assault, storm, invasion. 
 
 Yusnf The patriarch Joseph. 
 
 • Yuva 1 
 
 > loung. 
 
 JuTa J 
 
 Yuz V panther. 
 
 Z. Z. Z. Z. Zh. 
 
 Zabau 1 I The tongue, language, dialect, speech » 
 
 Znbau j \ flame (of a candle, &c.). 
 
 Zabau-awar Eloquent, voluble. 
 
 -band karna To hush, silence. 
 
 barhana To chatter, prattle. 
 
 chalana To abuse. 
 
 dilbke kahna To detract in whispers. 
 
 dabna To hold one's tongue. 
 
 -rtalna To ask, to put a question. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 301 
 
 yabiin-dan Skilled in language, a poet, a linguist. 
 
 daraz Abusive. 
 
 -i Abuse. 
 
 karnS To give abuse. 
 
 dena 1 
 
 , _ _ J To promise. 
 
 -hilaiia To speak. 
 
 karna To speak foolishly or inconsiderately. 
 
 katna. To interrupt. 
 
 kholua To speak out. 
 
 larkharana To stammer. 
 
 pakarna To stop one, to criticize. 
 
 -palatua To equivocate, to retract, to cat one's 
 
 words. 
 
 par lana To speak, to say, to mention. 
 
 par rakhna To taste. 
 
 SB uikalna To pronounce, utter, speak. 
 
 se nikalna To be uttered. 
 
 zad Public, on men's tongues. 
 
 hona To become current, to pass into an idiom. 
 
 Zabana Flame (particularly of a candle). 
 
 -Zaban-T l^ansuase, words of the mouth, traditional, 
 
 verbal, by the tongue. 
 
 Zabar Above, superior, the vowel point (^) pro- 
 nounced a. 
 
 dast Vigorous, violent, oppressive. 
 
 -dast-I Violence, oppression. 
 
 karna To oppress, to force. 
 
 hona To have the upper hand. 
 
 karna To oppress. 
 
 Zabli A sacrifice, slaughter. 
 
 karna To sacrifice, to slaughter, to kill animals 
 
 for food, agreeably to the Muliamma- 
 dan law. 
 
 Zabi A deer. 
 
 Zablh Sacrificed, a sacrifice. 
 
 u-l-lali A name of Isma"Il, the son of Ibrahim, 
 
 who, and not Isaac, (according to Mu- 
 salniaus) was offered as a sacrifice by 
 his father. 
 
302 GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEKMS, 
 
 Zabih A sacrifioer, a butcher. 
 
 ZaMt A governor, master, possessor. 
 
 u-l-kuU Omnipotent (God), lord of all. 
 
 ZSMta Canon, ordinance, law, rule, regulation. 
 
 -i-faujdari Criminal procedure. 
 
 i-diwani Civil procedure. 
 
 Zabt Government, direction, discipline, regu- 
 lation, check, control, possession. 
 
 karna To take possession, to rule over, to watcli, 
 
 preserve, restrain, control. 
 
 Zabt-i Eegulation, management. 
 
 Zabuu Bad, ill, unlucky, wicked. 
 
 1 Vileness, wickedness. 
 
 Zabur The psalms of David. 
 
 {in composj Born, a son, a child. 
 admi-zad, a man, born of man; 
 pari-zad, born of an angel or fairy, a 
 
 beautiful woman ; 
 shah-zada, a prince; 
 
 Zad, m. 
 Zada. m. 
 Zadi. /. 
 
 1 
 
 ' i, a princess. 
 
 Zada Stricken, affected, smitten, arrayed (used 
 
 in compos.) 
 
 Zadau-i Fit or deserving to be stricken, killed. 
 
 Zad-bniii Native land, birth-place. 
 
 i-rah Provisions of travelling, way charges. 
 
 Zad-o-kob Beating. 
 
 Zaf Sudden death. 
 
 Zafar Victory. 
 
 iiiand Victorious. 
 
 mand>i Victory. 
 
 Za'farau Saffron. 
 
 Za'faran-i '. Of saffron, saflfron-coloured, yellow, a 
 
 yellow colour, a surname sometimes 
 adopted by African and Portuguese Jews. 
 
 Zag 
 
 . , Copperas, vitriol. 
 
 Zaj ' *^ ' 
 
 -i-sufald Alum. 
 
 Zagh A crow. 
 
 Zaghan A kite. 
 
 Zaghaud Leapingorspringingup, sally, flight, levity. 
 
GL0S6ART OF INDIAN TEllMS. 30^ 
 
 Zahab Gold. 
 
 ^S.hid A monk, hermit, recluse, zealot. 
 
 "^ zealot ! religious, devout. 
 
 (Persian ipl. zahidan). 
 
 Zahi or zihi Excellent! bravo ! 
 
 ?ahik Satirist, mocker, name of a poet. 
 
 Zahil Careless, forgetful. 
 
 Zahin Sagacious, ingenious. 
 
 Zahir An assistant, ally, associate, a poetical 
 
 name of a Persian poet of Faryab. 
 
 Zahir Eeduced by sickness, thin, sad, melancholy, 
 
 low-spirited. 
 
 Zahir Apparent, evident, open, the outside, 
 
 external, appearance. 
 
 -i External, apparent. 
 
 men Openly, in public. 
 
 Zahl Forgetting, leaving, carelessly abandoning. 
 
 Zahinat Disquietude, pain, trouble. 
 
 Zahmati Afflicted, sick. 
 
 Zahr Poison. 
 
 alnd Poisoned. 
 
 -dar Poisonous. 
 
 ■i-halahal , ,, . 
 
 Deadly poison. 
 
 -i-katil 
 
 khana To take poison. 
 
 Msi par To imitate an act unsuitable to one's 
 
 state or condition, to ape. 
 
 lag'na To be hateful like poison. 
 
 muhra An antidote to poison, said to be the 
 
 bezoar. 
 
 Zahra Bile, gall-bladder. 
 
 ab hona To be much distressed or terrified. 
 
 Za'i' Lost,destroyed, perished, fruitless, abortive. 
 
 karna To lose, to destroy, waste, diminish, 
 
 squander, frustrate, misapply. 
 
 Za'icha Horosope, astronomical table. 
 
 Zaid. . . Increasing, adding, augmentation, a fic- 
 
 titious name. 
 
 Za'id Eedundant, superfluous. 
 
 2alf Hospitable, convivial, a stranger, a guest 
 
■304 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 ^Za'If Weak, infirm, impotent, emaciated, feebl 
 
 frail, old. 
 
 -I Weakness, emaciation. 
 
 2aigkam Biting, a lion. 
 
 Za,'\k Tasting. 
 
 Xa'ika The sense of tasting, the palate, relish, 
 
 taste. 
 
 -shinas Knowing in taste. 
 
 ^ail The skirt of a garment, tlie train of a 
 
 robe, the last, hinder, or supplementary 
 part of anything, train, retinue, the 
 sequel, a list of particulars mentioned 
 in a letter, that which follows or is 
 annexed, an appendix. 
 
 ^ail-i Connected, related. 
 
 kishtkar A sub-cultivator. 
 
 7a'il Deficient, failing, perishing, vanishing. 
 
 Zain Ornament, adorning. 
 
 /a'ir A visitant, a pilgrim. 
 
 /aitnn An olive. 
 
 /aj V. zag. 
 
 Zak or zik Injuring, deceiving, disappointing, injury, 
 
 deception. 
 deua To put to shame. 
 
 nthana To be ashamed, to suffer loss. 
 
 Zaka Vivacity, acuteness of genius, penetration, 
 
 (znka, the sun). 
 Zakan The chin, the beard (chah-i-zakan), a 
 
 dimple in the chin. 
 Zakat Alms, a portion of a Mnsaliuan's property 
 
 given in charity agreeably to the rules 
 
 laid down in the Enr'an. 
 
 /akawat Brightness of genius, acuteness. 
 
 Zaka-wat Probity, purity, ingenuity. 
 
 Zakha'ir Victuiils, provisions, treasures, stores. 
 
 Zakhainat Thickness, bigness. 
 
 'Zakhkhar Overflowing, raging (the sea). 
 
 Zakhm A wound, sore, scar, cut. 
 
 i-kiiri A mortal wound. 
 
 kliana To be wounded. 
 
GLOSSAllY Of INDIAN TERMS. 305 
 
 /akhin pakna To suppurate (a wound). 
 
 parna To become a sore. 
 
 —-rasa A deep wound. 
 
 Zakhm-i Wounded, slain. 
 
 ZakI Acute, ingenious, fiery, flaming. 
 
 u-l-ma'I Of a splendid genius. 
 
 Zaktim A thorny tree so called. 
 
 Zal Old, decrepid, grey-haired (man or woman), 
 
 the name of the father of Bustam, and 
 son of Sam, son of Nariman, He was 
 called zal-i-zar, because he was born 
 with while hair like that of an old man, 
 and a red (of golden hue) countenance. 
 
 • _ \ Error, fault, vice, ruin, perdition. 
 
 Zalalat | 
 
 Zalal An error. 
 
 Zalal Erring, blundering, stumbling, falling, 
 
 deficiency, loss. 
 
 Zalal Meanness, baseness, 
 
 Zalalat Abjectness, obsequiousness. 
 
 Zalam Darkness. 
 
 — _ I The name of Potiphar's wife. 
 
 Znlaikha | 
 
 Zalll Shady. 
 
 Zaia Abject, submissive, mean, contemptible, 
 
 base, wretched. 
 
 hona To be disgraced. 
 
 karna • ■ To debase. 
 
 Zalini -A- tyrant, tyrannical. 
 
 i Tyranny, oppression. 
 
 Xalk A prompt, ready, an eloquent tongue. 
 
 2all An error, a vice. 
 
 2aU Straying, a prevaricator. 
 
 Zalu A. leech. 
 
 Zaluin Gruel, most oppressive, tyrannical. 
 
 Zalzala An earthquake. 
 
 ^a<in Tliinking,opinion,pie3uming,presumption, 
 
 speaking from belief, vanity, arrogance. 
 Zamad A. bandage or fillet for binding the head 
 
 or a wound. 
 
 20 
 
306 GLOSSABY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Kaina'ir plur. of zamir, g.vl 
 
 Zaman 1 ( Time, an age, the ' world, fortune, the- 
 
 Zainana j 1 heavens, tense, 
 
 dekhna To get experience. 
 
 -Mnwaflk ........ I'ortunate. 
 
 --sSz A turn-coat, time-server. 
 
 — — — saz-i Turning with the tide. 
 
 ■ karna To turn with the tide, to temporize. 
 
 Zamauat.; Bail, suretj'. 
 
 Zamanat-nSma Security, bond. 
 
 Zamh Cpl. zannb.) A crime, sin, fault. 
 
 Zambak. . Name of a flower, the white jasmine, a 
 
 lily or an iris. 
 
 Zambil A basket, purse, wallet. 
 
 Zambnr A hornet, bee, a vice, nippers, forceps. 
 
 Zambnra A hornet, large bee, the point of a musical 
 
 instrument called in Hindi EingrI (a 
 sort of fiddle), a small gun. 
 
 Zambnrak A small gun. 
 
 Zambnr-chi A fusileer. 
 
 Zambarlr Cold, intense cold. 
 
 ■ — ■ -1 Intensely cold. 
 
 Zamiina Addition, thingincorporated.incorporationr 
 
 an appendix, supplement, extra. 
 
 Zamiu A surety, sponsor, security, bail. 
 
 dena To give a surety. 
 
 bona To become bail, to guarantee, engage for 
 
 another. 
 
 1 Surety, bail. 
 
 kabal karna To admit as bail. 
 
 Zamiu The earth, ground, soil, a region, country,- 
 
 the ground of a picture. 
 
 -bos bona To make a profound bow. 
 
 --dar A landlord, one who holds ground subject 
 
 to the payment of the Government reve- 
 nue. (Practically, the Indian Government 
 are the owners Or landlords of the soil, 
 and they can confiscate the estates of 
 such zamindars, who fail to pay the- 
 revenue). 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 307 
 
 Zamiu 1 Landed estate. 
 
 darni The wife of a landholder or farmer. 
 
 doz Level with the ground. 
 
 giJ" Unable to walk, paralytic. ' 
 
 i Earthy, terrestrial. 
 
 men gar jana To be greatly ashamed. 
 
 pakarni ; . . . ^ To persevere obstinately in any design, 
 
 to insist. 
 
 par 86 knehh para To be overjoyed at finding unexpectedly 
 
 pana the object of one's wishes. 
 
 Zamir The mind, heart, thought, reflection, sense, 
 
 conscience, conception, idea, comprehen- 
 sion, a personal pronoun. 
 
 Zamistan Winter, wisdom. 
 
 Zamm Contraction, conjunction, incorporation, 
 
 the vowel point (') pronounced as the 
 Italian short u or as the English u 
 in full. 
 
 Zamm Blame, reproach, accusation, detraction. 
 
 Zamzam The name of a well at Mecca, called also 
 
 Hagar's well. 
 
 Zamzama Singing, modulation, a concert. 
 
 -pardaz Singer, songster. 
 
 Zan A woman, wife, 
 
 karna , _ 
 
 To marry. 
 
 lena 
 
 murid Hen-pecked (rah-zan, a highwayman). 
 
 — _ I The chin, the pit in the chin. 
 
 Zanakhdau J 
 
 Zanan Striking, beating, striking up. 
 
 Zanana Female, feminine, effeminate, womanly, 
 
 female apartments, a seraglio. 
 
 Zanan-i , Of the women, of the seraglio. 
 
 Zang Name of a people in Africa, rust, a 
 
 small bell. 
 
 alnd fiusty, covered with rust. 
 
 lagna To become rusty. 
 
 Zangar Kust, verdigris. 
 
 ..\ , Rusty, of the colour of rust. 
 
 2aiii fi'O' compos.) Striking, the act of striking. 
 
308 QI,PSS4inf op INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Zam A.n adulterer, a whoremonger. 
 
 Zanlya A whore, strumpet, an adultress. 
 
 Zanjabil Dry ginger. 
 
 Zan-jalab A cuckold. 
 
 1 Cuckoldom. 
 
 Zanjir A chain. 
 
 -1 Chained, in chains, a prisoner. 
 
 Zanka A little woman. 
 
 Zaun Suspicion, jealousy, opinion, impression, 
 
 notion, conjecture. 
 
 -bad Suspicious, sceptical. 
 
 -I Supposed. 
 
 Zann The knee, the lap, the hip. 
 
 Zar Desire, wish, a groan, lamentation, afflicted, 
 
 groaning, lamenting. 
 
 -nail Lamentation. 
 
 -o-nizar Emaciated, (in compos.) it implies place, 
 
 multitude; as, gnl-zar, a garden of roses. 
 
 Zar Gold, riches, wealth, money. 
 
 andSd 1 />,■,, n .,, , 
 
 !• (jrilt, plated with gold. 
 
 andnda J 
 
 baf Brocade, gold tissue. 
 
 baf-i Woven in gold, embroidered. 
 
 baft Brocade, cloth of gold. 
 
 dar Wealthy. 
 
 -dost Fond of money, covetous. 
 
 doz Embroidered. 
 
 -doz-i Embroidery. 
 
 gar A goldsmith. 
 
 -gar-i The business of a goldsmith, a kind oi 
 
 dialect. 
 
 i-gul Tlie yellow stamina of a rose. 
 
 i-nakd Beady money. 
 
 i-tahsll Collections, revenue. 
 
 Purchased (as a slave). 
 
 kharlda 
 
 — -khez Hich (a country), producing gold and 
 
 silver. 
 
 nigar Gilt, an electroplater. 
 
 nigar-I Gilding. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 309 
 
 Zarafat Beauty, politeness, elegance, gallantry, 
 
 wit, humour, jocularity. 
 
 an By way of joke. 
 
 ?*'*'" Injury, damage, detriment, loss, ruin, 
 
 affliction, anguish. 
 
 dena To injure, hurt. 
 
 i shadid Great injury. 
 
 -rasani Causing injury, annoyance. 
 
 ?*i'l* • A blow, beating, violence, multiplication 
 
 (in arithmetic), striking, stamping, 
 coining (money), struck. 
 
 dena To coin, multiply. 
 
 i-masal 1 
 
 , ■■ , i A proverb, a savinar. 
 
 n-1-masal ) i > j o 
 
 lagana To strike, to hammer. 
 
 ntliaua To suffer loss or damage. 
 
 (darn-z-zarb) The mint-office. 
 
 Zar-baf V. under Zar. 
 
 Zard Yellow, pale, livid. 
 
 Zarda A kind of pula'o, dressed with saifron. 
 
 Zai-dak A carrot. 
 
 Zard-aln An apricot. 
 
 Zai'dar Wealthy. 
 
 Zard-chob Yellow wood, turmeric (Curcuma longa). 
 
 Zard-grosh Hypocritical, malignant. 
 
 Zard-i Yellowness, the yoke of an egg. 
 
 pilak The name of a bird. 
 
 -rang Yellow, bashful. 
 
 -ru Bashful. 
 
 — i Bashfulness. 
 
 Zarf Ingenuity, elegance, politeness, a vase, 
 
 fpl. znruf ) vessel, ingenious, (in grammar) an adverb. 
 
 -i-makau Adverb of place. 
 
 i-zaman Adverb of time. 
 
 Zar-i Anything woven with gold thread. 
 
 baf A manufacturer of gold thread. 
 
 Zar-i Crying, sighing, groaning, lamentation, 
 
 supplication, crying for help. 
 
 Zarif Ingenious, polite, gallant, good, elegant, 
 
 witty, jocose. 
 
310 GL03SAUY OF INDIAN TEB.M3. 
 
 Zarih A railing or lattice-work surrounding a 
 
 temple or tomb. 
 Zark Turning the eyes, (in Pars.), hypocrisy, 
 
 fraud, detraction. 
 bark Glare, glitter, show, splendid cloths, 
 
 splendour. 
 
 Zarna \ 
 
 _ \ f- Arsenic, orpiment or (yellow suiphuret 
 
 „ _, , I I of arsenic). 
 
 Zamikh ) I ^ 
 
 Zarra ) . , ,. , 
 
 „ ) . . . An atom, a particle, a little. 
 
 Zarri j 
 
 ^jot A little. 
 
 sa A very little. 
 
 Zar-rin - Golden. 
 
 innrgh The name of a bird, the sun. 
 
 Zarur Necessary, expedient, unavoidable, the 
 
 necessary (thing). 
 
 bona To be necessary. 
 
 at Force, violence, compulsion, restraint, 
 
 want, indigence, necessity. 
 
 an Necessarily, of necessity. 
 
 hona To have need of. 
 
 Zarurl Necessary. 
 
 yat (pi-J Necessaries. 
 
 Zarzar Great lamentation. 
 
 rona To weep bitterly. 
 
 Zat A mistress, possessor, (in Sans., eiiuiva- 
 
 lent to jat, caste, sect, tribe, class, race, 
 the essence, nature, soul, substance). 
 
 dena To give up one's caste or relinquish the 
 
 benefits of one's religion by eating with 
 a person of another caste, or not acting 
 in conformity with certain rules, also 
 to give caste or receive a person into caste. 
 
 (To deprive another of caste by touching 
 his food, even by allowing one's shadow 
 to pass over the food. If a member of 
 
 marua ) \ a caste be touched by a non-member, 
 
 I the former should immediately divest 
 \ himself of his clothing and bathe. 
 
GLOSSARY 01' INDIAN TERMS. 311 
 
 ^tu-l-jamb The pleurisy. 
 
 2atal Chattering, talking much and foolishly, 
 
 quibbling, tattle. 
 
 Iiankna To quibble. 
 
 marna To chattel-, to talk nonsense. 
 
 Zat-I Essential, natural, innate. 
 
 Ximj. A couple, a pair, alike, a spouse, husband. 
 
 Tlanja A wife. 
 
 Zanjiyat The married state. 
 
 Zauk Taste, delight, joy, pleasure, voluptu- 
 ousness. 
 
 se With pleasure, willingly, with all my 
 
 heart. 
 
 Zaur Going on a pilgrimage. 
 
 ZauTrak A taster. 
 
 Zauwar A visitor, visitant. 
 
 Zawal Decline, wane, declination, setting of the 
 
 sun, misery, wretchedness. 
 
 ^^-pazir Transitory, fading. 
 
 Zawi Having, posessing, endowed with. 
 
 Zawiya or Zaviya An angle (in geometry), a corner, retired 
 
 place. 
 : andarum Interior angle. 
 
 beruni 1 -ni ■ i 
 
 _ \ Exterior angle. , . 
 
 kharija J 
 
 hadda An acute angle. 
 
 ■ ka'inia A right angle. 
 
 — munfarija An obtuse angle. 
 
 nmsattah . . A plane rectilineal angle. 
 
 inuta badila An alternate angle. 
 
 mnta kabila The opposite angle. 
 
 nasliin One who keeps himself in retirement. 
 
 Zeb Ornament, elegance, beauty. 
 
 dena To suit, become. 
 
 Zeba Adorned, beautiful. 
 
 Zeba-i Beauty, gracefulness. 
 
 Zeba-ish Ornament, adorning, elegance. 
 
 karna To adorn, to decorate. 
 
 Zeba-ish-i Elegant, beautiful. 
 
 Zebinda Adorning, ornamenting, adorned. 
 
312 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Zer Under, below, inferior, lower, the vowel 
 
 point (') sounded like the Italian i, 
 
 -andaz The cloth or carpet spread under a hnkka. 
 
 -band A martingale. 
 
 bar hona To be indebted, to undergo a great expense. 
 
 bari Expenses, burdens, liabilities. 
 
 dast Powerless, under command, a subject, a 
 
 vassal. 
 
 hukin rahna To be in subjection. 
 
 >i-lab Inarticulateness, mumbling. 
 
 — — i-lab-i Inarticulate, slightly uttered (a word). 
 
 -i-nagin Submissive, subject. 
 
 -karna To overpower, to subdue. 
 
 mashk Writing. 
 
 -o-zabar Topsy turvy, overturned, ruined rom 
 
 head to foot, from beginning to end. 
 
 pai Slippers. 
 
 tajwiz Under consideration, sending. 
 
 Zewar (pi. zewarat.) Jewels, ornaments of gold, silver, &c. 
 
 Zhala Dew, hoar-frost, bail. 
 
 Zhazb Idle, trifling, or indecent speech, a kind 
 
 of thistle. 
 
 kha'e A trifler, one who speaks obscenely. 
 
 Zhinda A patched garment. 
 
 Zhiyan li'ormidable, rapacious, raging (sher-i- 
 
 zbiyan), a fierce lion. 
 Zhollda Intricate, entangled. 
 
 niB Entangled hair. 
 
 Zi A lord, master, (hi compos J possessed 
 
 of, endowed with. 
 
 — hayat Endowed with life, an animal. 
 
 — hljja The last Mnbainmadan month of the year. 
 
 — bosh Sensible. 
 
 — khirad Endowed with wisdom. 
 
 — rub A rational being. 
 
 — sban Possessed of dignity. 
 
 — sbu'ur Intelligent. 
 
 Zibak Quicksilver. 
 
 Zi-bas In plenty, sufficiently. 
 
 Zi"bas-kl In as much as. 
 
GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. 3 I ;{ 
 
 Zich • Teasing, check-mated. 
 
 ?id(l The contrary, the opposite, contrariety, 
 
 opposition. 
 
 bona Tobebaffled,renderedhelpless,tobetiredof. 
 
 karna To baffle, defeat, to persist, to persevere. 
 
 rakhna To importune, press eagerly. 
 
 Ziddain Contrary to each other. 
 
 Zidd-I Perverse, contrary, unmanageable. 
 
 Zifaf Leading the bride home, to her husband's 
 
 house. 
 
 Zili A bowstring, the border or edge of 
 
 anything, the collar or facing of a gar- 
 ment, excellent! bravo! throes of child- 
 birth. 
 
 Zihar A bladder, the lower part of the belly. 
 
 Ziliar A formula of repudiation, or saying what 
 
 amounts to, and has the effect of a 
 regular divorce; as, " You are my mother," 
 or, "I sucked the same breast as you." 
 A penance is requisite to do away with 
 the effect of such a speech. 
 
 Zihdaii The womb. 
 
 Zlhi or zahi Excellent! bravo ! 
 
 Zi-hijja The name of the last month of the 
 
 Mnhanimadau year (on the 10th day is 
 the festival of bakar-'id). 
 
 Zihn Understanding, memory, genius, ability. 
 
 — -i-dakik A subtile genius. 
 
 nishin karna To impress, to fix on the mind. 
 
 nishin hona To be impressed on the mind. 
 
 ZIj Astronomical tables, a mason's rule. 
 
 Zik Anguish, vexation, melancholy, affliction, 
 
 anxiety, doubt, oppression of spirit, or 
 any thing that tortures the mind. 
 
 n-n-nafas Asthma. 
 
 Zik V. zak. 
 
 Zikr Remembrance, memory, commemoration, 
 
 mention, praise, fame, recital, relation, 
 reading of the Kur'an and recital of 
 the praise and names of God. 
 
314 GLOSSAllY OF INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Zikr karnii To recite, mention. 
 
 Zil'-. A side, part, district, division, a column 
 
 in the page of a book, (in Hindustan), 
 the art of speaking with double 
 meaning. 
 
 dar The officer in charge of a district. 
 
 ZIl 1 (A fine soft sound, the smallest string of 
 
 ZTr J I a lute, the treble in music. 
 
 Zm Shadow. 
 
 i-sub'hani \ c , ,. , , • 
 
 , ,_ ' > Shadow of God, a king, an emperor. 
 
 u-l-lah J 
 
 (dama zillnhn or ziUnhnm) May his, or their, prosperity continue. 
 
 ZUl Gentleness, ease. 
 
 Zillat Baseness, meanness, dishonour. 
 
 Zimad j ( A bandage or fillet for binding the head 
 
 Ziinau | } or a wound, a plaster, liniment, an 
 
 Zamad J y embrocation, ointment. 
 
 Zimma Trust, charge, obligation, subjection, duty, 
 
 service, fidelity, lineage. 
 
 Zimmadar Responsible. 
 
 hona To be responsible, to be careful. 
 
 Zimmadar-i Eesponsibility, care, charge. 
 
 Zinime karna To give in charge. 
 
 lena To take in charge, to take care of. 
 
 Ziuin The cover of a letter, the contents, 
 
 anything comprehended, contained or 
 inserted, subject, an idea, conception, 
 suretyship, an obligation, aid, favour, 
 clause, section. 
 
 karna To include, take in. 
 
 Zimnan Comprehensively, by the by. 
 
 ZIn A saddle. 
 
 — bandlina To saddle. 
 
 -gar A saddler, 
 
 posh A cloth fastened over the saddle, housing. 
 
 Zina A ladder, stairs, steps. 
 
 Zina Adultery, fornication. 
 
 kar An adulterer, a fornicator. 
 
 T Fornication, adultery. 
 
 karna To commit adultery. 
 
GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TEEMS. 315 
 
 Zinat Ornament, dress, decoration, beauty, 
 
 elegance. 
 
 Zinda A live, living. 
 
 ■dil Lively, joyful, happy. 
 
 Life, living, existence, , 
 
 gam 1 
 gl J 
 
 karua To bring to life. 
 
 rahna To live, survive. 
 
 Ziudan A prison. 
 
 Zindan-i Imprisoned, a prisoner. 
 
 (pi. Zindanian). 
 
 ZInhar. Care, caution, protection defence, patron- 
 age, (interj.) take care, beware, (adv.) 
 by no means, soon, certainly. 
 
 Zinjif or Zinjaf Fringe, border, edging. 
 
 Zir V. za. 
 
 Zira Cumin-seed (Cnminnm cyminnm). 
 
 Zh'a' A yard, a cubit, two bright stars in the 
 
 head of Gemini. 
 
 Zira'at Agriculture, husbandry, sown field, land. 
 
 i Agricultural. 
 
 Zirab Fighting, fencing, conquering. 
 
 Zirah (prop, zirih) Iron armour made with rings. 
 
 -posli A man clad in armour. 
 
 Zirak Ingenious, intelligent, sagacious, pene- 
 trating, acute. 
 
 1 Ingenuity, sagacity. 
 
 Zir bam High and low notes. 
 
 Zisht Defornaed, ugly, inhuman, hideous. 
 
 -kho Of ugly habits or disposition. 
 
 ru Ugly> ill-favoured. 
 
 Zist Life, living, existence. 
 
 Zijada More, too much, excessive. 
 
 bona To exceed, surpass, to be increased. 
 
 karna To increase, augment, use force, also, 
 
 to take away the dinner and table-cloth. 
 
 talab-i Extortion, imposition. 
 
 Zivafat A- feast, banquet, convivial entertainment, 
 
 hospitality, invitation. 
 
 karna To entertain, feast, treat. 
 
316 GLOSSARY OP INDIAN TERMS. 
 
 Ziyan Loss, damage, deficiency, injury, hurt, 
 
 barm. 
 
 kar Hurtful, injurious. 
 
 -kar-I Injury, hurtfulness. 
 
 -kai'na To cause harm, hurt, injury, to injure. 
 
 Ziyarat Pilgrimage, visiting. 
 
 karna To go on a pilgrimage. 
 
 Ziyarat-i Relating to pilgrimage, 
 
 Zor Force, strength, virtue, power, vigour, 
 
 violence, effort, weight. 
 
 awar Powerful, strong. 
 
 -i Power, force. 
 
 azma-i Trial of strength, wrestling. 
 
 -azmaua To try one's strength, to contend. 
 
 chalna To have authority or influence. 
 
 dar Strong, vigorous. 
 
 dena To aid, support, assist. 
 
 dikhana To show off one's authority or power. 
 
 karna To compel, to exercise, to use effort, to 
 
 exert one's self. 
 
 marna To endeavour, strive, toil, struggle. 
 
 parna To be stretched, to be forced. 
 
 ZH A lord, a master, Cin compos.) possessed 
 
 of, or endowed with. 
 — 1-fakar A sword possessed by Muhammad, and 
 
 afterwards by 'All. 
 
 1-jalal Possessed of glory, glorious. 
 
 Zn'af Sudden death (by poison). 
 
 Zu'af Deadly venom. 
 
 Zuban V. zaban. 
 
 Znbd , 
 
 The best of anything, butter. 
 
 Znbda 
 
 Zud Quick, swift, soon, suddenly. 
 
 -ranj Irascible, soon irritated. 
 
 — -tar ilore speedily. 
 
 tarin Will all speed. 
 
 Zu'f or Za'f Infirmity, weakness, imbecility of mind 
 
 or body. 
 
 Zn'f ana To faint, to fall into a swoon. 
 
 i-niasana Irritability of the bladder. 
 
GLOSSARY or INDIAN TERMS, 317 
 
 Zu'f i-mi'da Weak digestion, dyspepsia. 
 
 ?ulia Breakfast time, the part of the day between 
 
 sunrise, and the meridian ('idu-z-zulia, 
 name of a festival celebrated on the 
 10th of zi-hijja (q.v.), when an animal 
 is sacrificed in commemoration of Abra- 
 ham's offering up of (according to 
 Musalmang) his son Isma'il. 
 
 /ulid Continence, devotion, abstinence. 
 
 -kesh Devout, continent. 
 
 Zuhhad plur. of zahid, q.v. 
 
 Zuhr y... Mid-day, or a little time after the sun 
 
 has passed the meridian, when it is 
 most sultry. 
 
 /uhra The planet Venus. 
 
 Zuhul Oblivion, forgetting. 
 
 Zuliiir Appearing, vising, becoming visible. 
 
 bona To arise, appear. 
 
 mei ana To arise, to come in sight. 
 
 meu lana To make apparent, to bring about. 
 
 Zakam Eheum, catarrh, cold, defluxion. 
 
 karna To take cold in the head. 
 
 Znkhr 
 
 , _ , Treasure, provisions, victuals, stores. 
 
 Zakhira J ' 
 
 Zulal Pure, limpid, wholesome water. 
 
 Znlain The colic. 
 
 Zulf A curling lock, a ringlet, a whisker. 
 
 i-'auibarin Perfumed (with ambergris) locks. 
 
 i-tab-dar Curling locks. 
 
 i-pareshan Dishevelled locks. 
 
 Zalf-I A sword-knot, the chain by which a 
 
 door is fastened. 
 
 Zu-l-jalal V. under zu. 
 
 Zulla A covering, anything shady, a cloud. 
 
 Zulm Oppression, injustice, injury, extortion. 
 
 bona To befal one (a misfortune). 
 
 karna To oppress, tyrannize. 
 
 Znlm-pesha 
 
 Tyrannical, tyrant, oppressor. 
 
 — shi'ar I 
 
 ■rasula Oppressed. 
 
si^ 
 
 CLOSSARY OF INDIAN TEUMS. 
 
 Znlmat Darkness. 
 
 pi. Znlmat A dark place where the water of immor- 
 tality is said to be. 
 
 Knlm-i Oppressive, tyrannical, unjust. 
 
 -yat ... '. Oppression. 
 
 Znmra A troop, group, crowd, multitude. 
 
 Znnnb (pi. of zamb.) .... Crimes, sins, faults. 
 
 Zanuar (Prom Gr. itovdgiov), a belt, the Brah- 
 
 manical thread, a Hindn rosaiy. 
 
 ZSr A lie, falsehood, adulteration, a false 
 
 deity, an idol. 
 
 Zurara Particles scattered from anything pounded. 
 
 Znruf Vessels, adverb. 
 
 Cpl. of Zarf. g.vj 
 
The following GLOSSAEY of TKRMS in constant use in Official 
 District Work in the N. W. P. and Oudh is taken (with a few 
 corrections) from a very useful work (which should be in the hands 
 of all District officers) entitled, "A District Office in Northern India'' 
 by C. W. Whish. B. Civil Service. We take this opportunity of 
 mentioning that Mr. Whish is one of those officials who has done 
 good service for the Government, and, at the some time, earned the 
 respect and gratitude of all the Indians with whom his duties have 
 brought him in contact. 
 
 A. 
 
 Name. Description. 
 
 Xbadi Village site. 
 
 Aiilmand or Ahl-l-kar . . . Departmental clerk. 
 
 Almarl A chest or book case. 
 
 Amin Official directing an inquiry. 
 
 ina Sixteenth part of a rupee. 
 
 Arz i irzal Notice of remittance. 
 
 Asami Tenants, defendants in law-suits. 
 
 AsamiTvar Held by tenants or asainis, document 
 
 including all the names applied to revenue 
 settlements made with the proprietors. 
 
 B. 
 
 Babul The accacia AraMca tree (of the Mimosa 
 
 kind). 
 
 Balii-khata Ledger. 
 
 Baniya Flour seller or petty shop-keeper. 
 
 Ba^g^a^ Bundle of records (ZU. a cloth wrapper). 
 
 Berun az siyalia Money not credited in the public accounts. 
 
 Bhang -'^'^ intoxicating drug made from hemp 
 
 (Cannabis sativa). 
 
320 TERMS USED IN OFFICIAL DISTKICT WOHK, N. W. P. AND O. 
 
 Bhus Chaff, husk, bran. 
 
 BIgha About two-thirds (|) of an acre. 
 
 Biswa One-twentieth (^V) of a bigha = kattha. 
 
 BiswSnsi One-twentieth f^) of a biswa. 
 
 c. 
 
 Chakbat Compact. 
 
 bandi Defining or marking the boundaries of 
 
 an estate. 
 
 Chalan Notice of remittance, clearance. 
 
 Chandn A preparation of opium for smoking. 
 
 {^Ihaprasi Messenger, servant, peon. 
 
 Charas An intoxicating drug made from hemp. 
 
 Chankidar Village watchman. 
 
 Chanpal Landed proprietor's office. 
 
 Chik Bamboo blind. 
 
 Chhatank One-sixteenth (^\) part of a seer or -Jth 
 
 of a pound. 
 
 Cooly Day labourer. 
 
 C. Cr. P Code of Criminal Procedure. 
 
 D. 
 
 Dakliila Receipt. 
 
 Dakhila bahl Receipt register. 
 
 Darbar A public reception. 
 
 Dastak Writ of demand. 
 
 Deputy Inspector of Schools Departmental official in charge of district 
 
 schools. 
 
 District Board Elected Committee for Local Government. 
 
 F. 
 
 Fasli (year) Agricultural year. 
 
 Fasli sai The revenue year. 
 
 G. 
 
 tJanjii An intoxicating drug (the hemp plant). 
 
 Gharii Earthenware water-pot. 
 
 Chat A bathing or landing place. 
 
TERMS USED IN OFFICIAL DISTRICT 'WOKK, N. W. P. AND O. 321 
 
 Handi An earthenware bowl. 
 
 Hindi The indigenous vernacular of Upper India. 
 
 J. 
 
 Janiabandl Eent roll. 
 
 Jaiiiadar Officer of peons or messengers. 
 
 Jinswar See Khasra Jinswar. 
 
 K. 
 
 Kabiilif at Counter part of a lease. (A written 
 
 agreement). 
 
 Kabzu-1-wasSl Acquittance roll, receipt, ackowledgment. 
 
 Kankar Nodular limestone. 
 
 KarM Straw (the stalk of jo'ar of bajra (Horeus 
 
 sorgum and spicatus). 
 
 Kliarif. Autumn harvest. 
 
 Kharij az siyaha Sums outside the public accounts. 
 
 Khasra Field register, a village account. 
 
 Khasra jinswar Crop outturn register. 
 
 Khatinni Abstract of account. 
 
 Khetbat ^ . . Sub-division of fields. 
 
 Khewat Kegister of proprietors, record of village 
 
 shares. 
 
 Kist Instalment. 
 
 -band! Settlement of the revenues or taxes by 
 
 instalment. 
 
 Kos A measure of distance, about two miles. 
 
 Knlliyat General, miscellaneous, total, universality. 
 
 L. 
 
 Lambardar Representative of revenue payers. (Lit. 
 
 number-keeper). 
 
 j^Q^^ Brass drinking pot; a pipkin. 
 
 1\ 
 
32 i 'f^RMS USED IN OFFICIAL UI TRICT •WOEK, |I. W. P. AND O. 
 
 M. 
 
 Madak A preparation of opium for smoking, 
 
 (properly betel-ieaf mixed with opium). 
 
 Malgnzar Land revenue payer. 
 
 -1 Land revenue ; ground-rent. 
 
 Mali Gardener, florist, adj. belonging to prop- 
 erty, financial. 
 
 Malkhana ... Store-room. 
 
 Maand A measure of Weight containing (80) eighty 
 
 (properly Man.) pounds. 
 
 Mauya' (monza) Village. 
 
 Milan Sum, correspondence, comparison, col- 
 lection. 
 
 Misl A record. Lit. similitude. 
 
 Misl band File, register. 
 
 Mnharrir Clerk. 
 
 Monsoon Bainy season. 
 
 anglice fromniausim(season) 
 
 Mua'fi An estate on which the land revenue is 
 
 remitted. 
 
 Mukhtarnama Power-of-attorney. 
 
 Munsarlm Office superintendent, head clerkof a court. 
 
 Mnnshikhana Vernacular office. 
 
 Mntation Change of proprietor's name in register. 
 
 N. 
 
 Naib Assistant, deputy. 
 
 diwan The deputy treasurer ov accountant- 
 
 Nathis Separate bundles of records. 
 
 (from uatlil, the string 
 
 by which papers are 
 
 strung to leather). 
 
 Nazarat Office of Nazir. 
 
 Nazir Office superintendent, in law, a court 
 
 officer, sherifl'. 
 
 Nuziil Lumovable property of Government (strictly 
 
 in a political sense). 
 
TERMS USED IK OFFICIAL DISTRICT WORK, N. W. P. AijD O. 323 
 
 o. 
 
 Occupancy Exemption from liability to ejectment. 
 
 P. 
 
 Fakkii, packa or pucka . . Solid masonry, stone, or brick. 
 
 Fanchayat Committee or Council of five. 
 
 Parwana Official order, pass, warrant. 
 
 Patwari Village accountant, land steward. 
 
 Peon Messenger. 
 
 Peshkiir A head vernacular writer or clerk, properiy, 
 
 minister, manager, deputy or agent. 
 
 Pie Twelfth (^) part of an anna. 
 
 Panch Assessor (originally from one of fivB 
 
 arbitrators). 
 
 R. 
 
 Rabi' Spring harvest. 
 
 Bawana Pass, permit. 
 
 Registrar Kannngo Keeper of pargana registers. 
 
 Rozuamcha Diary. 
 
 s. 
 
 8adar (Sadr, or Sudder) . Head-quarters office. 
 
 iSadar Eannngo Superintendent of kannugos. 
 
 Sajra Keld map. 
 
 Schedules Heads of account. 
 
 Ser A measure of weight containing two 
 
 pounds (2 lbs) or sixteen chhatanks. 
 
 Sewai Miscellaneous items of income. 
 
 Siyaha Sub-treasury account sheet. 
 
 Siyaha naTis Sub-treasury vernacular accountant. 
 
 Singhara ^^ edible water nut. 
 
 Sir (Samhrit : a plough) Land in special cultivating possession of 
 
 proprietor. Lit. husbrandry, agriculture. 
 Superyisor Kanungo Superintendent of patwaris, an officer in 
 
 each district, acquainted with its customs, 
 
 the nature of the tenui'es of the land, &c. 
 
324 TERMS USED IN OFFICIAL DISTRICT WORK, N. W. P. AND O. 
 
 T. 
 
 Xahsn A subdivision of a district (especially for 
 
 revenue purposes). 
 
 Tahsildar The officer in eharge of a Tahsil. 
 
 Tahvildar Sub-treasurer. 
 
 (Tahwll-dar) Cash-keeper. 
 
 TakaTTi State loans for agricultural improvements 
 
 (assisting particularly, tenants). 
 
 Talabnania A summons. 
 
 Talabani Process fees. 
 
 Talabana dakhil karna. . . To pay witnesses fees. 
 
 Tari (toddy) An intoxicating drink made from palm 
 
 trees. *) 
 
 Terai Low lying land. 
 
 (properly tara'i, a marsh, 
 
 or meadow.) 
 Thana Police station. 
 
 u. 
 
 Urdu The vernacular of India subsequent to 
 
 Urdu-i-mu'alla, the royal the Mnhammadan conquest, literally; 
 
 camp or array, generally an army or camp, (a Turkish word). 
 
 means the city of Dihli or 
 
 Shahjahanabad, and nrdn- 
 
 i-mn%lla ki zaban, the 
 
 court language. 
 
 W- 
 
 Wasil baki Land revenue accountant. 
 
 (hisab-navis) (collections and balance). 
 
 z. 
 
 Zamiudar Land-holder. 
 
 *) The natives make an incision in the tree near the top, and fasten underneath 
 earthen vessels into which the juice drops during the night. The liquor, thus 
 obtained, having a slightly sub-acid flavour, is peculiarljr grateful and refreshing 
 in the early morning. It acquires its intoxicating property when kept for some 
 time and allowed to ferment. 
 
TERMS APPLIEU TO LABOCREES, N. W. V. AND O. 325 
 
 GLOSSARY of TERMS applied to Labourers, in the N. W. 
 P. and Oudh revised from a very interesting pamphlet, entitled " Our 
 Difficulties and Wants" by the late S. M. Hossain (a distinguished 
 student at tlie Cirencester Agricultural College, who held an important 
 post in the Agricultural Department of Northern India). 
 
 Alnr Keeper of cows and seller of milk, butter,&c. 
 
 ;A.sanii Agricultural tenants. 
 
 Atishbaz Firework maker. 
 
 'Attar Drug-gist. 
 
 Bakar or Buz Butcher dealing in mutton. (These words 
 
 signifying bull goat are locally appliedj. 
 
 Bauiya or Bakkal Shop keepers (also corn-grower). 
 
 Bharbliunja, Bhnj, or 
 
 Bhuja Keeper of an oven (bhar) for parching 
 
 chabeua. *) 
 
 Barhai. , Carpenter. 
 
 Bar! Torch bearer (properly the name of a 
 
 Hindu caste who sell torches, and leaves 
 used as platters). 
 
 Behua (Dlinnya, or Haddaf) One who prepares cotton for spinning 
 
 and receives in exchange untwined thread. 
 
 Bhatyara Baker, or innkeeper. 
 
 Beldar A member of a wandering tribe that vend 
 
 fuel carried on asses, also, a pioneer, 
 a digger. 
 
 Bhangi (Dom, or Mihtar) Sweepers and removers of ordure, they 
 
 make baskets. Sup or chhaj for cleaning 
 grain from dust, they play musical in- 
 struments at weddings, their wives are 
 employed as midwives. 
 
 Chamar Tanners, they strip the skin from dead 
 
 cattle (the flesh of which they eat). 
 
 Chitera Carver (properly, a person who paints 
 
 flowers). 
 
 Chikwa ^ii^e. Bakar (a butcher who kills only 
 
 goats, sheep, kids and lambs). 
 
 *) Cbabena is the nnground grain parched in burning sand which alone is 
 eaten by more than three-foni'ths of the villagers for breakfast. 
 
326 TERMS APPLIED TO LA.BOUKEKS, N. W. P. AND O. 
 
 Chnriyar Makers of bracelets (chnriya) composed 
 
 (from . cliuri, bangles or of sodium, carbonate and sand, 
 rings made of glass, &c., 
 and worn by women on 
 the wrist.) 
 
 Darzi Tailor. 
 
 Dhirkal or Bansphor . . . . Basket, box and cliairmaker (of bamboo). 
 
 Dhobi Washerman. 
 
 Dhunya Vide Belina. 
 
 Dom Fide Bhangi. 
 
 Garariya Shepherd. 
 
 Gosalii A kind of Hindu fakir. 
 
 Ganra Bearer of the palanquin, they also keep 
 
 ferry boats like kewats, and roast grain. 
 
 Halwal Vendor of sweetmeats and tobacco. 
 
 Jolaha jorya Weavers. 
 
 (from joriiii, to join, to 
 mend). 
 
 Kaliar A bearer (especially of a palaquin ; a caste). 
 
 Khewat A ferry-man, (he also, in some parts, 
 
 makes salt). 
 
 Khatik Principally engaged in selling fruit, and 
 
 vegetables making twine, &c., they also 
 work like pasis, q.v., and serve as guards 
 in the houses of zamindars. 
 
 Kaclihi or Kurml Agriculturists (the former are properly 
 
 (probably from Kapari). gardeners who cultivate and sell pot-herbs). 
 
 Kabarya or Kunjra Greengrocer. 
 
 Eassab Vide Bakar. 
 
 Kasai Dealers in beef. 
 
 Koll and Kori Vide Jolalia. 
 
 Kasera Brazier. 
 
 Knmhar Potter. 
 
 Lobar Blacksmith. 
 
 Loniya from loiil (salt)... In former times manufacturers of salt, 
 
 they now work on the roada, &c. 
 Manibar (from inani, a 
 
 gem, a jewel) Vide C'liuriyiir. 
 
 Maraii Vide KachbT. 
 
 Mibtar Vide Bhangi. 
 
TERMS APPLIED TO LABOUREES, N. W, P. AND O. 327 
 
 Mall . Gardener. 
 
 Maliajau G rain and money lender (at very high 
 
 interest). 
 
 Nai; hajjam Barbers. "Besides their particular pro- 
 fession, the Nais also wait upon the 
 zamindars upon extraordinary occasions, 
 especially at marriage ceremonies, when 
 their services as intermediators between 
 the contracting parties are invariably 
 employed. They are also appointed by 
 their customers to wait upon their guests 
 who have brought no servant with them, 
 to bring water for them and otherwise 
 attend upon them. The Nais are entrusted 
 with letters and presents from respect- 
 able people to their relations and friends, 
 as well as with invitations." 
 
 NanMi; rotiwala Baker. 
 
 Naddaf ^ic^e Behna. 
 
 Pjisi Men, who, in occupation, resemble chaniiir 
 
 q.v. (both low caste Hindus). 
 
 Patu'a or Pathar (local).. Lace-raaker; a man who strings pearls, 
 
 a braider, a maker of fringe and tape. 
 
 Rangrez (from rang, dye, 
 
 colour) Dyer. 
 
 Sunar Goldsmith. 
 
 Tamoli or Tamtooli This caste sell lime or Pan (Betel leaves) 
 
 which are chewed by Indians and con- 
 sidered a luxury as well as a stomachic. 
 
 ijgjj A presser of oil-seed and vendor of oil. 
 
 Thathera ^«<^« Kasera (brasier, tinker). 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Muhammadan Calendar. 
 
 The era from which Mnssalinans reckou corresponds with the 
 date of their prophet's flight (called the Hijra) from Mecca to Medina. 
 This is computed to have occui-red on Friday, the 16th of July, 
 A.D. 622. Mnssalmaus count time by lunar months, of which there 
 are twelve consisting of 354 day and nine hours, very nearly. Their 
 New-year's Day will thus fall every year about eleven days earlier 
 than in the preceding year. 
 
 In order to find the Christian year corresponding to that of the 
 Hijra, Forbes (vide Grammar p. 146) gives the following rule: — 
 "From the given number of Mnsalman years, deduct i/tree per cent, 
 and to the remainder add the number 621.54, the sum is the period 
 of the Christian aera at which the given current Mnsalinan year 
 ends — This very simple rule is founded on the fact that 100 lunar 
 years are very nearly equal to 97 solar years, there being only about 
 eight days of difference. A more accurate proportion would be 101 
 lunar to 98 solar years, but this would lead to a less convenient 
 rule for practical use. 
 
 "When great accuracy is required, and when the year, month, and 
 day of the Mnhainmadau aera are given, the precise period of the 
 Christian aera may be found very nearly, as follows:— Rule. Express 
 the Mnsalman date in years and decimals of a year; multiply by .97; 
 to the product add 621 . 54, and the sum will be the period of the 
 Christian aera. This rule is exact to within a few days, and if in 
 the Masalman date the day of the week is given, as is generally the 
 case, the veij day is easily determined. 
 
 "The Mnhainmadan or lunar months are made to consist of thirty 
 and twenty-nine days alternately, but in a period of thirty years, it 
 is found necessary to intercalate the last month eleven times so as 
 to be reckoned thirty days instead of twenty-nine. The mouths 
 retain their Arabic names in all Mnkaminadan countries, as follows ' — 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 329 
 
 Lunar Months. 
 
 Mnharraiu .... 
 
 Safar 
 
 BaM ul-awwal. 
 BabT'us-sani 
 Rabi' ul-akhir 
 Jnmad al-awwal. 
 Jumad-as-sanI ) 
 - Jnmad-al-akhir j 
 
 30 days. 
 29 „ 
 80 
 
 30 
 
 cO 
 29 
 
 Bajab 30 days. 
 
 Sha'ban 29 „ 
 
 Bainazan. 30 „ 
 
 Shawwal 29 
 
 Zi, 1 ka'da 1 gp 
 
 Zi ka'da j 
 
 Zi, 1 hijja I 29 
 
 Zi hijja 
 
 Days of the Week. 
 
 // 
 
 Musalmdn. 
 
 Hindu. 
 
 Eng. 
 
 Persian. 
 
 Itwar. 
 
 Rabi-bar. 
 
 Sun. 
 
 Ekshauba. 
 
 Somwar or pTr. 
 
 Som-bar. 
 
 Mon. 
 
 Doshanba. 
 
 mangal. 
 
 Mangal-bai-. 
 
 Tues. 
 
 Sishauba. 
 
 Bndii. 
 
 Bndli-bar. 
 
 Wed. 
 
 Chaliarshanba. 
 
 Jniu'a rat. 
 
 Briliaspati-bar. 
 
 Thurs. 
 
 Pauchsliaiiba. 
 
 Jnm'a. 
 
 Sukra-bar. 
 
 Fri. 
 
 Adma. 
 
 Sanicliar. 
 
 Sanl-bar. 
 
 Sat. 
 
 Shanba or Hafla. 
 
 Hindu Calendar. 
 
 "The Hindiis reckon by solar years, and Inni-solar months. Their 
 iprincipal aera is that of the Kali-Tug, of which the year 4956 
 .expired about the 11th of April, A.D. 1855, at which period their 
 ^new year generally commences. 
 
 " The Hindu year is divided into twelve equal portions, which may 
 
 ■be called solar months; but all festivals and dates are reckoned, not 
 iby these simple months, but by the duration of the moon which 
 
 terminates in each. Hence, although the month Baisakli begins de 
 
 jure about the 11th of April, it may have commenced de facto from 
 • one day to twenty-eight days sooner. When two new moons occur 
 
 during one solar month, which happens once in three years, there i», 
 ; an intercalary month, and the month so intercalated receives the name 
 -of the one which preceded it, that is, of the solar month within 
 'which the two new moons may happeii. 
 
330 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 " Beside the era of the Kall-¥ug, the Hindus in the northern iiair 
 of India reckon from the time of a renowned prince, by name 
 Vikraniadltya, who lived (or died) about 57 years before tbe com- 
 mencement of our era. Another common era is that of a prince 
 named Salavahaiia, which commences 78 years after the birtt of Christ. 
 " Several other eras are in use in certain parts of the country, for a 
 full account of which the reader may consult a profound work devoted 
 entirely to the subject, entitled Eala Sankalita, 4to. Madras, 4825."" 
 
 The Hindn Solar Months are as follows: — 
 
 Baisakh April — May. 
 
 Jeth May — June. 
 
 Asarh June — July. 
 
 Sawan or Sarawan July — Auc. 
 
 Bhiidou -A^iig- — Sept. 
 
 Asin or Knar .... Sept. — Oct. 
 
 Katlk or Kartlk... Oct.— Nov. 
 
 Agrhan Nov. — Dec. 
 
 Pns Dec. — Jan. 
 
 Magh Jan.^ — Feb. 
 
 Fhagun, or Phaignn Feb.^^March. 
 Chait March — April.. 
 
 Monetary System of British India. 
 
 Gold Mohnr. 
 
 (Now seldom used) 
 
 Biipee. 
 
 Anna. 
 
 Paisa. 
 
 Pie. 
 
 Calcutta i 
 
 -16 
 
 256 
 
 1024 
 
 P.072 
 
 Madras and 
 
 . . 1 
 Bombay 
 
 15 
 
 240 
 
 960 
 
 2880 
 
 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 64 
 
 192 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 In former times, and still partially used, small shells, called cowries, 
 had an exchange value for fractional payments. The Banyans, or 
 
APPENDIX. 331 
 
 Hindu shopkeepers, liave generally a heap of cowries (5. Kauri) 
 principally for distribution to beggars. To these, the majority of 
 whom are professional, who swarm in India the shopkeepers give a 
 handful of these shells. When the mendicant has collected a suffi- 
 ■cieni number he can exchange them for a little rice, bajra, or othei- 
 grain. Silver, being tlie standard medium of circulation in India, 
 the rate of exchange of the rupee with gold standard countries is 
 subject to considerable fluctuation. 
 
 As the Indian Government have to make remittances to meet the 
 heavy home charges to the Secretary of State in gold, the depreciation 
 -of silver is a constant source of anxiety to India. 
 
 Weights and Messures. 
 
 Goods are sold by the ser (the Calcutta factory 
 
 ser weighs 1 lb. 13 oz. 13.86 drs. Avoir; the 
 
 bazar ser 2 lbs. 0—. 13.853 
 
 A ser ii generally reckoned (in small quantities) as 2 lbs. Acoir. 
 A Mann =z 40 ser. 
 
 The tola is the denomination of a weight, consisting of a number 
 -of uiashas, which varies in different parts of India. 
 
 The standard tola, or sicca weight of Calcutta, is -12^ inashas, 
 -agreeably to the following table. 
 
 4 Fanks 1 Dhan or trrain. 
 
 4 Dhau 1 Kattl. . Gr. Tr. 1 . 796G6 
 
 8 Eatti 1 Masha 14.37333 
 
 12^ Mashas 1 Tola 179.6666 
 
 A gaz is used in measuring length; it is equivalent to a yard. 
 
 Distances are reckoned by Kos = to about 2 miles. 
 
 Forms of Address. 
 
 In respect of forms of address, Indians, and, indeed all Oriental 
 peoples, are very punctilious. Their use of flowery expressions is 
 proverbial, and apt to excite ridicule among Western nations, espe- 
 -cially tho?e in the north of Europe. Towards tiie south, in Italy, 
 Spain, and Portugal, and even in France exaggerated terms of address 
 -are noticeable. 
 
332 APPENDIX. 
 
 la India, Brahinaug are addressed as Maharaj !, Great King !, Pande I 
 (which also signifies a schoolmaster,) Dobe, Tiwari or Chanbe (which 
 signifies a Brahman acquainted with the four Yedas, and though this 
 term, like Pandit, was originally applied to learned Brahmans, 
 ignorant men of this caste are still addressed as Chanbes and Pandits. 
 Mnsalmau Fakirs are adressed with Pir or Siifi or Shah; Hindu 
 devotees, with Sa'in or (insa'in or Bhagat or Gnrn; Bajputs with 
 Thaknr and Singh or Kae. The two latter terms are also used among 
 Sikhs. Moguls are addressed as Mirza or Beg, or Jgha or Khwajah; 
 Saiyids, with Mir; Shaikhs, with Shaikh; Pathans, with Khan; Doc-- 
 tors with Mnlla or Manlari or Pandit; Merchants or Bankers, with 
 Seth or Sah. The most common terms of respectful address are 
 Xaharaj, Jahan Panah (Refuge of the world!). Your Majesty!, Great - 
 King! Khndawand, Ji, Miyan or Sahib; Sir!, or Babn, Lala, or 
 Thaknr; Sir!, Master!, Worship!. 
 
 Mohammad Ibrahim of ]3ombay laid down the following rules- 
 respecting the etiquette to be observed in the use of the pronouns. 
 
 "1. When the speaker and the person whom he addresses are of 
 the same rank, each should speak of himself in the singular number, 
 and address the other in the second person plural. 
 
 "2. A person of superior rank may speak himself in the singular 
 number, and address the other in the second person plural, but this 
 is not considered to be polite, nor is it thought correct to address 
 even the lowest rank in the singular number. 
 
 " 3. The pronouns of the third person may be used in the singular- 
 when speaking of any person in their presence, unless they be of 
 superior rank, when they ought to be spoken of in the plural. 
 
 " 4. When one person of rank addresses another of the same or 
 superior rank, or speaks of him in his presence, it is most correct 
 to make use of the respectful pronoun ap, or the great man's title, 
 or some respectful phrase, Khndawand, your honour; hnzrnt, honour, 
 highness, etc,, and the like, with the third person plural (of the 
 pronouns and verbs); and when an inferior addresses a superior he 
 ought at all times to use similar expressions of respect, suitable to 
 the rank of the person addressed." 
 
 In writing letters, the person addressed is denoted, according to 
 his rank, by some or other of the terms we have given above; but 
 even, as a mark of respect, persons are addressed in expressiona 
 which are quite incongruous with their position. 
 
Messrs. LUZAC & Co.'s. 
 
 publications Concerning **^vitisf\ Snaia, ^etstia, 
 Burma anft tft* Wnt 3East." 
 
 Publishers to the India Office, the Asiatic Society 
 of Bengal, the University of Chicago, etc. 
 
 ANANDAS'RAMA SANSKRIT SERIES. 
 
 pDITED by Pandits of the Anandds'rama. Published by Mah^deva 
 
 ^ Chimniji Apte, B.A., L.L.B., Pleader High Court, and Fellow 
 
 of the University of Bombay. Nos. i to 33. In 40 Vols. Royal 8vo. 
 
 Price, complete set, /14. 14^-. Single Numbers at different prices. 
 
 ASTON (W. G.) 
 P^ GRAMMAR OF THE JAPANESE WRITTEN LANGUAGE. 
 Second Edition, Enlarged and Improved. Roy. 8vo. Cloth, 
 pp. 306. (Publ. £\. 8j.) Reduced Price i8j. 
 
 ASTON (W. G.) 
 A SHORT GRAMMAR OF THE JAPANESE SPOKEN 
 ^^^ LANGUAGE. 8vo. Cloth, pp. 212. (Publ. i2j.) Reduced 
 Price 'js. 6d. 
 
 ATHARVA-VEDA. 
 XJYMNS OF THE ATHARVA-VEDA. Translated with a Popular 
 •*■ -*• Commentary by R. T. H. Griffith, M. A., C. I. E. 2 Vols. 
 8vo. Cloth. i6s. 
 
 BANA'S KADAMBART. 
 'X'RANSLATED with Occasional Omissions and accompanied by 
 a Full Abstract of the Continuation of the Romance by the 
 Author's son Briishanabhatta, by C. M. Ridding. 8vo. Cloth, 
 pp. xxiv., 232. 10s. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST OF BOOKS ON AFRICA 
 AND THE EAST. 
 PUBLISHED in England. 2 Vols. Vol. I. Containing the Books 
 published between the Meetings of the Eighth Oriental Con- 
 gress at Stockholm, in 1889, and the Ninth Oriental Congress in 
 London, in 1892. Vol. II. Containing the Books published between 
 the Meetings of the Ninth Oriental Congress in London, in 1892, 
 and the Tenth Oriental Congress at Geneva, in 1894. Systematic- 
 ally arranged, with Preface and Author's Index. By C. G. Luzac. 
 2 Vols. i2mo. IS. each Vol. 
 
 46, Gt. Russell. St. (opposite the British Museum), W. C. 
 
2 LUZAC & Co.'s Publications Concerning "British India, &c." 
 
 BIBLIOTHECA INDICA. 
 
 A LIST of the different Publications of this Series in the Press. 
 
 "^^ Will be sent when ready, on application. Messrs. Luzac & Co. 
 
 being the Agents of the Publications of the Asiatic Society of 
 
 Bengal, can supply all Nrs. still available of the Bibliotheca Indica. 
 
 BUDDHAGHOSUPPATTI; OR, HISTORICAL ROMANCE 
 
 OF THE RISE AND CAREER OF BUDDAGHOSA. 
 "pDITED and Translated by James Gray, Professor of Pali, 
 Rangoon College. Two parts in one. Demy 8vo. Cloth, 
 pp. viii., 75 and 36. 6^-. 
 
 CAPPELLER (CARL). 
 •A SANSKRIT-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Based upon the 
 St. Petersburg Lexicons. Royal 8vo. Cloth, pp. viii., 672. 
 (Published £\ \s.) 15^-. 
 
 CATALOGUE OF THE LIBRARY OF THE INDIA OFFICE. 
 With Index, Vol. I. in two Parts. Post 8vo. Cloth, pp. 567 and 
 207. los. dd. 
 
 CHAKRABARTI (J. CH.) 
 THE NATIVE STATES OF INDIA. 8vo. Cloth, pp. xiv., 274. 
 With Map. IS. 
 
 COOL (W.) 
 U/ITH THE DUTCH IN THE EAST. An Outline of the 
 Military Operations in Lombock, 1894. Giving also a Popular 
 Account of the Native Characteristics, Architecture, Methods of 
 Irrigation, Agricultural Pursuits, Folklore, Religious Customs, and 
 a History of the Introduction of Islamism and Hinduism i,nto the 
 Island. Translated from the Dutch by E. J. Taylor. Illustrated 
 by G. B. HooYER. With a Copious Index. Roy. Lvo. Cloth, 
 pp. 365. With numerous Illustrations and Map. £\ \s. 
 
 OUST (R. N.) 
 ^HE GOSPEL-MESSAGE, or Essays, Addresses, Suggestions, 
 and Warnings on the different Aspects of Christian Missions 
 to Non-Christian Faces and Peoples. 8vo. Cloth, pp. xx., 494. 7^. td. 
 
 OUST (R. N.) 
 LINGUISTIC AND ORIENTAL ESSAYS. Fourth Series, 
 From 1861 to 1895. 8vo. pp. xxv., 634. Paper covers. i6j. 
 Cloth. 17^. U. 
 
 OUST (R. N.) 
 PSSAY ON THE COMMON FEATURES WHICH APPEAR 
 ■^ IN ALL FORMS OF RELIGIOUS BELIEF. Post Bvo. 
 Cloth, pp. xxiv., 194. 5j. 
 
 46, Gt. Russell St. (opposite the British Museum), W. C. 
 
LUZAC & C o.'s Publications Concerning "British India, &c." 3 
 
 EDKINS (JOSEPH). ^ 
 
 QHINA'S PLACE IN PHILOLOGY. An attempt to show that 
 the Languages of Europe and Asia have a common origin 
 Demy 8vo. Cloth, pp. xxiii., 403. (PubHshed los. 6d.) ys. 6d. 
 
 EDKINS (JOSEPH). 
 INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF THE CHINESE 
 CHARACTERS. Royal 8vo. Boards, pp. xix., 211, loi. 
 (Published at i8j.) 12s. 6d. 
 
 EITEL (E. J.) 
 J7UR0PE IN CHINA. THE HISTORY OF HONGKONG, 
 From the Beginning to the year 1882. 8vo. Cloth, pp. vii., 
 575. With Index., Price i^s. 
 
 GRIBBLE (J. D. B.) 
 
 A HISTORY OF THE DECCAN. 8vo. Cloth, pp. 406. With 
 Numerous Illustrations, Plates, Portraits, Maps and Plans. 
 Vol. I. Price 21s. 
 
 Vol. II is in the Press. 
 
 HALCOMBE (CH. J. H.) 
 
 'THE MYSTIC FLOWERY LAND. A Personal Narrative of 
 Travels in China. With Notes by the Author. 8vo. Cloth, 
 pp. viii., 225. With Numerous Plates (several Coloured) and a 
 Portrait. 1 6s. 
 
 HARLEZ (C. DE). 
 
 'T'CHU-HI. H!is Doctrines and his Influence. 8vo. pp. 24 and 2 
 pages of Chinese Text. 2s. 
 
 INDIAN ANTIQUARY (THE). 
 
 A JOURNAL of Oriental Research in Archaeology, Epigraphy, 
 "^ etc., etc. Edited by R. C. Temple. Annual subscription. 
 £1 16s. Post free. 
 
 JASCHKE(H. A.) 
 A TIBETAN-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. With special reference 
 to the prevailing Dialects; to which is added an English- 
 Tibetan Vocabulary. Royal 8vo. Cloth, pp. xxii., 671. £i los. 
 The Tibetan in Roman and Tibetan Characters. 
 
 JINALANKARA, OR "EMBELLISHMENTS of BUDDHA." 
 By BuDDHARAKKHiTA. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and Transla- 
 tion, by James Gray. Two parts in one. Demy 8vo. Cloth. 6s. 
 
 -46, Gt. Russell St. (opposite the British Museum), W. C. 
 
4 LUZAC & Co.Js Publications Concerning "British India, &c." 
 
 JOHNSTON (C.) 
 TJSEFUL SANSKRIT NOUNS AND VERBS. In English let- 
 ters. Compiled by Charles Johnston, Bengal. Civil Service, 
 Dublin University Sanskrit Prizeman, India Civil Service Sanskrit 
 Prizeman. Small 4to. Cloth, pp. 30. 2s. 6d. 
 
 JOURNAL ASIATIC SOCIETY of BENGAL. 
 
 "lyressrs. LUZAC & Co. being Agents for the sale of these Pub- 
 
 lications are able to supply all Numbers still available. 
 
 JUDSON'S BURMESE-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 
 "D EVISED and Enlarged by Robert C. Stevenson, Burma Com- 
 mission. Royal 8vo. Half-bound, pp. xiv., 1188, 6. ;^i los, net. 
 
 JUDSON (A.) 
 "PNGLISH-BURMESE DICTIONARY. Fourth Edition. Royal Bvo. 
 Half-bound, pp. 930. jCi ^s. net. 
 
 KITTEL (REV. F.) 
 
 A KANNADA-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. By Rev. F. Kitt^l, 
 
 -^^ B.G.E.M. Royal 8vo. Half-bound, pp. 1., 1572. ^^i 12s. net. 
 
 LUZAC'S ORIENTAL LIST. ~ 
 
 r^'ONTAINING Notes and News on, and a Bibliographical List 
 of, all new Publications on Africa and the East. Published 
 monthly. Annual subscription, jj. Vols. I. to VII (1890 — iSg6) 
 with Index, half-bound, are still to be had. Price of Vols. I — III 
 6s. each, of Vols. IV — VI, 5^. each. 
 
 MIRKHOND. 
 'pHE RAUZAT-US-SAFA; OR, GARDEN OF PURITY, 
 Translated from the Original Persian by E. Reh.wsek. Edited 
 by F. F. Arbuthnot. Vols. I. to V. 10s. each Vol. 
 
 Vols I. and II. contain: The Histories of Prophets, Kings, and Khalifs. 
 Vols. III. and IV. contain: The Life of Muhammad, the Apostle of Allah. 
 Vol. V. contains: The Lives of Abii Bakr, O'mar, O'thmin, and A'li, the 
 four immediate successors of Muhammad the Apostle. 
 
 MOLESWORTH (J. T.) 
 
 A SSISTED by G. & T. Candy. A Dictionary, Marathi and 
 
 "^ English. Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged by J. T. 
 
 Molesworth. Large 4to. pp. xxx., 920. (Published jC2 ^s.) 
 
 Reduced to 16s. 
 
 MONIER-WILLIAMS (SIR MONIER). 
 INDIAN WISDOM; or, Examples of the Religious, Philosophical, 
 and Ethical Doctrines of the Hindus, with a brief History of 
 the chief Departments of Sanskrit Literature, and some account of 
 the Past and Present Condition of India, Moral and Intellectual. 
 By Sir Monier Monier-Willians, K.C.I.E., M.A., Hon. D.C.L. 
 Oxford. Fourth Edition. Enlarged and Improved. Post 8vo. Cloth. 
 PP- 575- /i I'f- 
 
 46, Gt. Russell St. (opposite the British Museum), W.C. 
 
-L.UZAC & Co.'s Publications Concerning "British India, &c." S 
 
 MULLER (F. MAX.) 
 
 A DDRE&S delivered at the Opening of the Ninth International 
 Congress of Orientalists, held in London, September 5th, 1892. 
 8vo. pp. 66. IS. 6d. 
 
 ROSEN (F.) 
 
 A GUIDE TO MODERN PERSIAN. Containing a Crammar, 
 Dialogues and Extracts from Na.sired4in Shah's Diaries, Tales, 
 etc., and a Vocabulary. In the Press. 
 
 r^N THE TEA CULTIVATION IN WESTERN SSUCH'UAN 
 ^-^ AND THE TEA TRADE WITH TIBET VIA TACHIENLU. 
 
 ROSTHORN (A. PE) 
 
 ULTIVATION n 
 A TRADE WITH 
 Bvo. pp. 40. With Sketch Map. 2S. 
 
 SETH (M. J.) 
 
 HISTORY ,0F THE ARMENIANS in India. 8vo. Cloth, pp. 
 xxiv., 190. 7 J. 6d. 
 
 STEIN (M. A.) 
 
 r^ATALOCUE OF THE SANSKRIT MSS. in the Raghunata 
 Temple Library of His Highness the Maharaja of Jam'mu and 
 Kashir. 4to. Cloth, pp. 423. 12s. net. 
 
 SUHRILLEKHA (THE). 
 
 r)R "FRIENDLY LETTER"; written by Lung Shu (Nagarjuna), 
 ^^ and addressed to King Sadvaha. Translated from the Chinese 
 Edition of I-Tsing, by the late Rev. Samuei, Beal, with the Chinese 
 Jext. 8vo. pp. 5.1, jcjiii. 5J. 
 
 TAWNEY (C. H.) 
 
 T-HE KATHAKOCA; OR, TJREASURY OF STORIES. 
 -*• Translated from Sanskrit Manuscripts. Witli Appendix, ,c,on- 
 taining Notes, by Professor Ernest Leumann. 8vo.' CIqA. pp. 
 xxiii., 260. los. 
 
 TEMPLE (,G.) 
 A GLOSSARY OF INDIAN TERMS. Relating to Religion, 
 ■^^ Customs, Government, Land; and other Terms and Words 
 in Common Use. With a Glossary of Terms used in District 
 Work, N. W- Pr. & O. and an Appendix. 8vo. Clotlji. pp. lii, 332. 
 In the Press. 
 
 46, jGt. Russell St. ^(oRpQ^te ^be ^ritiA& iyiusftum), W.p. 
 
6 LUZ;AC & Co.'s Publications, Concerning "British India, &c." 
 
 TEMPLE (MAJOR R. C.) 
 
 ]STOTES ON ANTIQUITIES IN RAMANNADESA. , The 
 Talaing Country of Burma. 4to. pp. 40, with 24 Plates and 
 a Map. iSj. net. 
 
 tOUNG PAO. 
 
 ^RCHIVES POUR SERVIR A L'fiTUDE DE L'HISTOIRE, 
 des Langues, de la Geographic et de I'Ethnographie de I'Asie 
 Orierttatei (Chine, Japon, Corde, Indo-Chine, Asie Centrale ' et 
 Malaisie). R^dig^es par MM. G. SchlegEl et H. Gordie*. Annual 
 subscription (5^ numbers yearly), .^i - - 
 
 .TRANSACTIONS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL 
 
 CONGRESS OF ORIENTALISTS. 
 
 /UELD IN LONDON 5th TO 12th SEPTEMBER, 1892.) Edited 
 V by E. Delmar Morgan. 2 Vols. Royal 8vo. Cloth. £1 15s, 
 
 Vol. I. contains: Indian and Aryan Sections, j^ i is. 
 Vol.11, contains: Semitic, Egypt and Africa, Geographical, Archaic Greece 
 and the East, Persia and Turkey, China, Central Asia and the Far East, 
 ! -Australasia, Anthropology and Mythology Sections. £ 1 hs. 
 
 - - " USHA. - • 
 
 'T'HE DAWN. A Vedic Periodical, edited by Pandit Satya 
 Vrata Samasrami. 8vo. Published monthly. Annual sub- 
 scription. _^I IS. . 
 
 VALMIKI. 
 
 'pHE RAMAYAN OF VALMIKI. Translated into English Verse, 
 by R. T. H. Griffith, M'.A., CLE. Complete in one Volume. 
 8vo. Cloth, pp. ix., 576. ys. 6d. net. 
 
 VAN BEMMELEN (J. F.) and G. B. HOOYER. 
 
 QUIDE TO THE DUTCH EAST-INDIES. Translated from 
 ^^ the Dutch by the Rev. B. J. Berrington. With Index, Plates, 
 Maps and Plans. In the Press. 
 
 VIVEKANANDA (SWAMI). 
 
 ADDRESSES. (No. i. The necessity of ReUgion). Annual sub- 
 " scrlption, 6s. 
 
 VIZIANAGRAM SANSKRIT SERIES. 
 
 T JNDER the superintendence of Arthur Venis, M.A., Oxon, 
 Principal Sanskrit College, Benares. Different Prices. 
 
 WEST (SIR RAYMOND). 
 
 ■HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA; its Position and Claims. 
 8vo. pp. 61. IS. 
 
 46, bt. Russell St. (opp6sIte the British Museum), W. C, 
 

 'j;^^;-'