iiliijil"!' I lib ,.-„j!'J- illMl'! i ,t, '"Kiji:'' 1 f I'll'' ii;;;i lit' I;; 1 „,l!!.| r- iiiiiii' I II TT 997.064™"' "'"™"">"-"'™^ ^'TlimllllliKimHi"'' ''°"' process mangle 3 1924 003 596 370 CLOTHES WRINGERS AND COLD PROCESS MANGLES Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003596370 Technical Facts Told in a Comprehensive Way COMPILED THROUGH A DESIRE THAT ITS PAGES MAY BE OF REAL VALUE TO THE TEACHER AS WELL AS TO THE STUDENT OF DOMESTIC SCIENCE Copyright, 1915 By LOVELL MANUFACTURING CO. TABLE OF CONTENTS page Introductory 3 CLOTHES WRINGERS Bearings Ball Bearings 12 Metal Bearings 12 Wood Bearings 12 Clamps (Tub) "Hold Fast" for round tubs 5 Wood, for stationary tubs 7-8 Extension, for stationary tubs 7 For unit porcelain tubs 9 Mott clamps 14 Friction, reduction of 12 Gears or Cogs Regular, outside of frame 4 Enclosed, inside of frame 13 Oiling .^ . . . 14 Pressure, regulation of 13 Prices, comparative 6-10 Rolls Qualities 10 Black rolls 11 Pressure vs. squeeze 10 Cleansing 11 Injury to 4 Sizes, Comparison of, small and large 3 Suggestions, for care 11-12-14 Tension, adjustment of 13 Types Importance of selecting 3 Wringers for round portable tubs 4-5 Wringers for stationary tubs 6-7 Wringers for porcelain tubs 8-9 Wringers for power 14 "One Way" wringers 4-5 Folding Bench Wringers 9 Warranty For regular family use 10 Power wringers 14 Water Boards Rigid 5 Reversible 13 Wringing Suggestions for 11-12-13 Results obtained by wringers 3 Results obtained by hand 3 MANGLES Table, small ■ 15 Floor, large 15 Results secured 15 Clothes Wringers THROUGH YEARS OF MANUFACTURING EVOLUTION clothes wringers have reached the present perfection in general appearance, details of construction and capabilities for service. Perhaps no other article of domestic utility is given such indif- ferent care, has so much required of it, and is so little understood. Coupled with these real facts, is the further condition that the clothes wringer which is not suited for the particular service required of it, although unknown to the user, naturally begets a condition of dissatisfaction, in which fault is found with the clothes wringer, the dealer who sold it and the manufacturer who produced it. The saving of time and the expenditure of muscular exertion, through the use of a clothes wringer, is so fully realized throughout the United States that argument seems unnecessary. ^ Pair of Ball Bearing Rolls It is well to note, however, that, as opposed to wringing by hand, the resilient rubber rolls of a good clothes wringer lighten the labor and without injury to fabrics thoroughly extract loosened dirt, as well as the saponic element, also giving an evenness to the distribution of the bluing, all of these points being indifferently performed through wringing by hand. Clothes wringers of the smallest size (fitted with rolls 10 x If inches) are suitable only for light work, but wringers with rolls of eleven or twelve inches will readily handle large pieces, and will wonderfully increase the efficiency, ease and rapidity of wringing. TYPES OF CLOTHES WRINGERS We give to this feature the place of greatest prominence and importance. Mention of three types will serve our purpose, divided : CLOTHES WRINGERS FOR ROUND PORTABLE TUBS ("One Way"). CLOTHES WRINGERS FOR STATIONARY TUBS. CLOTHES WRINGERS OPERATED BY POWER. CLOTHES WRINGERS FOR ROUND TUBS This type of clothes wringer will be found in catalogue No. 7, pages 8 to 60 inclusive. The hinged or swinging tub clamp at once identifies this form of clothes wringer as suited ONLY for use on round tubs. The "Hold Fast" tub clamp takes its name from its adaptability to securely affix the clothes wringer to the curved surface of "One Way" Wringer No. 580 Guarantee wooden tubs, those of fibre, as well as the thin walls of galvanized iron wash tubs. The illustration on this page shows this tjrpe of clothes wringer on a round tub, from which it will be seen that the entire clothes "One Way" Wringer No. 770 Bicycle wringer, excepting only the clamp bracket arm and the clamp thumb screw, is suspended over the tub. 4 To direct the return into the tub of the water extracted as the fabric passes between the rolls, this clothes wringer has fitted under- neath the rolls a rigid drip hoard. It will be very clear that under no condition would there be a requirement for the extracted water to flow over the tub upon the floor. The opposite condition necessarily is required, and the con- struction of this type of clothes wringer embodies that necessity. "One-Way" Wringer This wringer is commonly described by the trade as a "One Way" wringer. This is a comprehensive description and serves to define the type, as opposed to wringers which are fitted with reversible water boards for use on stationary tubs. Hold Fast" Tub Clamp No difficulty will be experienced in positively identifying the "One Way" type of wringer, if you will associate the hinged or swing- ing iron tub clamp with the "One Way" construction. The usual width or opening of the "Hold Fast" clamp is one and five-eights inches, a sufficient width to permit this wringer, which is made only for round tubs, to be affixed to the partition of some styles of stationary wash tubs. The wringer will then, as in Section of Ball Bearing "One Way" Iron Frame No. 750 Guarantee the preceeding illustration of the round tub, be wholly suspended over the left-hand stationary tub, say the one in which the suds or soapy water is contained. The swinging clamp being particularly adapted to adhere closely to the curvature of round tubs, will not hold well upon the straight wall of the stationary tub and the operator will find it necessary, after starting a garment between the rolls, to hold the wringer down with the left hand. The extracted water from garments wrung from the left-hand tub will properly return to the same tub. Garments have now passed into the right-hand tub for rinsing and the left-hand tub will have been changed from the suds water to the bluing, or perhaps a second clear water. There will be found no mechanical reason why the wringer cannot be revolved backwards, but overlooking the fact that the wringer can be induced to take the garments backward, requiring Reversible Waterboard No. 726S Guarantee Iron Frame a change of hands on the handle, first left, then right hand, so that the garments can be helped through without wrapping around the lower roll, it will be found that the soapy rinse water is falling into the tub containing the blue water, which illustrates the statement that the "One Way" wringer is not adapted for use on stationary tubs. The ordinary retail price for a given quality and type of "One Way" wringer is but 50 cents to 75 cents less than the same type and quality of wringer made with reversible water board, and suited to service upon the partition of stationary tubs. This price difference refers to those stationary tubs which do not have a thickness of partition greater than two inches. CLOTHES WRINGERS FOR STATIONARY TUBS (Partitions of which do not exceed two inches in thickness) (Catalogue No. 7, pages 72 to 90) The next illustration on this page presents this type, fitted, as you will note, with metal clamp screws, which actuate the wooden cross bar, on each end of which is fitted a wooden block, forming the contact with the tub. This block has a length of two and three-quarter inches, suffi- cient to insure great rigidity, without any possibility for injury to the material of which the tub is made. Iron clamps are seldom used, ow- ing to the damage which results, particularly to slate or SOapStOne tubs. no. 780-S Guarantee Clothes wringers for stationary tubs, tops of which are fitted with a wringer board or those stationary tubs which are fitted with a frame work around the entire top (Catalogue No. 7, pages 91, 92, 93) These boards may be of any width up to seven and one-half inches. A single type of wringer will fit any of these varying board widths, the designation being "Extension Clamp" wringer. No. 954-E Guarantee Extension Clamp This tjrpe of wringer is illustrated on this page, as is also a separate view of the extension clamp. The clutch or movable part on the end of the clamp, opposite to the threaded thumb screw, can be moved into the various notches, as may be required to accommodate the varying widths of the board over partition. All wringers of this type are designated by the letter "E" follow- ing the number of the wringer, as number "211 E Guarantee." Clothes wringers for units or individual porcelain tubs, placed side by side, and without a wringer board, or wooden frame work on top (Catalogue No. 7, page 97) But one type of wringer will serve this kind of stationary tub. These are designated "XFF," fitted with rolls eleven inches long by two inches diameter, or "XGG," fitted with rolls twelve inches long and two inches diameter. "^-wFORPOBCELilNTOS*^^^/ No. XGG Guarantee All parts of the wringer are rubber-faced where coming in con- tact with the porcelain surface of the tubs. Both of these wringers are made in two widths of clamp openings: 3i inches to 5 inches and 5J inches to 7 inches. FOLDING BENCH WRINGERS (Catalogue No. 7, pages 61 to 71) By reference to the illustration it will be seen that designation of this type is fully descriptive, a perfect support being provided at a proper- height for two wash tubs. Wringing can be done out of either tub, into the other, as a reversible water board is provided. Bench wringers are made in all qualities and with all the conven- iences, enclosed gears, ball bearings, spiral springs, and galvanized threads on pressure screws. The support for the tubs is so hinged that it is readily folded against the standard or center up- right, occupying when not in use only Folding Bench Wringer the floor space of the Center footed upright. Folding bench wringers are particularly servicable in the absence of stationary tubs. 791-P Guarantee WRINGERS FOR UNIT OR SEPARATED PORCELAIN TUBS (Catalogue No. 7, pages 94, 95, 96) On this page is illustrated wringer suited for use on end of roll rim porcelain tubs, when used as units. This type of wringer is fitted with rigid (not reversible) water board. All parts of these wringers which come in contact with tub, are faced with rubber. RUBBER ROLLS The most important part, in fact, the vital part of a clothes wringer is the rubber roll. In the wringer business a distinction is made between pressure and squeeze. Wooden or iron rolls will produce pressure, but will be wholly wanting in squeeze. The more resilient the rubber roll, the more perfect will be the extraction of moisture, with a corresponding diminution of tension on the springs; or, stating it in another form, the least exertion in operat- Four Wringer Roils ing a wringer is achieved through the use of the finest and most resilient rolls. At this point it is of interest to consider the importance, as well as the perfection of manufacture, to be able to continuously produce rubber rolls of dependable quality. For wringers used in the home we attach a warranty tag to each wringer according to the quality of rolls, which may be five-year warranty, three-year warranty, or one-year warranty. Warranty Tags Between those wringers fitted with the one-year quality of rolls, and the next quality, three years, considerably less than $1.00 exists in the selling price at retail, although there is a difference of three times the period of warranty in favor of the three-year wringer. The same proportionate price difference maintains in comparing the three-year quality with the five-year quality. It will be found in our product that the resiliency of the rolls can readily be noted by comparison. 10 We have not yet been able to make a rubber roll which could be termed "Fool-proof." By this is implied that the best roll we know how to make, can be injured and flattened throughout its length if the pressure screws are not relieved when wringer is not in use. Further, the custom of placing the end of a garment between the rolls, and reaching into the tub for another garment, meanwhile turning the crank, causes buttons and buckles to meet the rolls at damaging angles. The surface of the rubber rolls is thereby cut. Each time these points of injury come in contact with the opposite roll, the cut is spread apart, washing compounds are forced into the opening, and gradual disintegration naturally follows, less rapidly, however, with the higher grades, than with the lower ones. In wringing an entire lot, perhaps not more than two minutes additional would be required to lift the garments parallel with the rolls, thus insuring the rolls against injury from buttons or buckles, certainly saving more than a corresponding expenditure of time to sew on torn off or broken buttons. CLEANSING OF RUBBER ROLLS A good wringer roll, like the human hand, is absorbent, but is as readily cleansed, preferably with tepid water and soap. This cleansing of the rolls should be given immediately after each use of the wringer and will insure snowy white rolls. Without this slight attention, conditions highly unsanitary are possible. By some a clothes wringer is used for extracting the excess from garments which have been starched. After such use, particular care should be given to thoroughly cleanse the entire surface of the rubber rolls. BLACK RUBBER ROLLS Although not mentioned in our catalogue, we furnish wringers fitted with black rubber rolls. We have a decided preference for rolls of white rubber over those of black rubber, as there is no real virtue in the dark color. If soiled, the white roll readily shows the condition, whereas a soiled condition of the black roll is apparent, perhaps only after the soil has been transferred to a white garment. BEARINGS This word is used to describe that part of the clothes wringer in which revolves the shaft extending beyond the end of the rubber roll. Very much of interest is found in this point, which perhaps is less thought of, or understood, than its importance would warrant. METAL BEARINGS In the early days of wringer construction wooden blocks were used as bearings in which the iron shaft of the rolls revolved. Con- siderable friction naturally resulted between the iron shaft and the softer element, and as the wood bear- ings for the upper roll required frequent renewal to insure perfect extraction of water, many years ago we discarded the wood bearing for the more durable metal bearing, made in such a form as to be easily lubricated. "Anchor Brand" clothes wringers can be had with Upper and Lower Metal Bearings either metal bearings or BALL BEARINGS Ball bearing clothes wringers have the end of each roll fitted with Lovell's Ball Bearings, that is to say, four complete ball bearings to each wringer. But a trifling amount is added to the selling price of the ball bearing wringer, as compared with the metal bearing wringer. Our claim is that the ball bearing wringer, as we make it, reduces friction 50 per cent. Some of our enthusiastic friends claim this statement to be inaccurate, declaring that friction is reduced fully 75 per cent. It is of interest to consider that if the laundress need expend but one-half of the usual exertion in turning the wringer, this reserve can be considered of real value. Ball Bearing as Fitted on Shaft of Roll Just here we desire to draw a word picture of the average laundress. Perhaps in your own experience you will have found the counterpart. Granting that the wringer when last used has had the pressure on the rolls relieved by unscrewing the thumb screws on top, you will see the laundress turn these screws down, then give the crank a turn or two, alternating with several more turns on the pressure screws, again turning the crank, the object being to put so pronounced a tension on the spring as will cause the sensation of real muscle being required to revolve the rolls of the empty wringer. No one would think of adjusting the tension of a sewing machine in a similar manner, and it will at once be seen that the ball bearing wringer, by this thoughtless method, may be adjusted with actually hundreds of pounds pressure more than can possibly be needed. The correct way to determine the pressure, either on a metal bearing or a ball bearing wringer, is to give an equal number of turns to the pressure screws. Select an average size garment and pass between the rolls. If found to be too moist, add a turn or two more downward on the pressure screws until the desired extraction is secured. Naturally small articles, as well as extremely large ones, should be favored by proportionate amount of tension. ENCLOSED GEARS OR COG WHEEL COVERS For the larger types of wringers, as used on stationary laundry tubs, the enclosed gear does not, perhaps, have the same value, as when applied to small "One Way" wringers, suited to round portable tubs, although the enclosed gear feature is gaining in popular favor on all types of wringers. This feature of bringing the cog wheels inside of the frame and enclosing them, precludes any possibility of little inquisitive fingers being inserted between the cog wheels, also preventing the gar- ments being caught between the cog wheels. Enclosed Gears REVERSIBLE WATER BOARDS One infallible means for determining whether or not a wringer is suited to a stationary tub, is to observe whether or not the wringer is fitted with reversible water board. This facility is built into the wringer in different forms, and cannot be purchased and affixed to "One Way" wringers. The ease with which the extracted water can be diverted into either tub more than compensates for the comparatively small additional cost on wringers which are provided with this facility. MOTT CLAMPS This is a designation used to describe the requirement for fitting the special wringer board which is provided by the J. L. Mott Iron Works, upon porcelain tubs of their manufacture. The wringer board will be recognized by the metal band or hoop which is fitted entirely around the board, there being two indentations in the metal on each side, into which the wringer clamp of special construction must fit with corresponding projections. OILING It seems most natural to conclude that the laundress who will, when finished with the wringer, cleanse the rolls and loosen the pres- sure screws, would also carefully lubricate the bearings, for this is an attention which is most essential for ease of operation. Vaseline, lard or thick grease of any kind is unsuited for the wringer bearing. A good lubricating oil, applied a few drops at a time, will be all that is required, the frequency of application depend- ing entirely upon the use of the wringer. Flooding of oil accomplishes nothing but possible damage to the rolls, and in turn to the garments. POWER WRINGERS (Catalogue No. 7, pages 101, 104.) We do not supply motors of any kind. As noted in the catalogue, we provide, when desired, pulleys for belt transmission, one pulley running free, which makes it possible (by shifting the belt) to stop the wringer without shutting off the power. Invincible Wringer The rubber rolls in all power wringers are made of highest grade materials, but applying alike to all wringers which are operated by power, no warranty is given of durability. In laundry work the power wringer produces great capacity and insures perfect extraction, without any possibility of damage to the most delicate fabric. This is a most interesting statement of fact, when compared with expensive power driven extractors. COLD PROCESS MANGLES (Catalogue No. 7, pages 106, 111.) Cold process mangles are rapidly gaining in popular favor, owing to the fact that flat work, bed linen, towels, etc., when smoothed out by the cold pro- cess, are in the most perfect c o n d i t i n f or absorption, and longer life is guaranteed to the fabric. These results are not obtained under the searing, scorching treatment of any heated process. Each year sees a material No. 25 Niagara Ball Bearing Mangle . . , i i ,. i i mcrease m the sale oi cold pro- cess mangles, as they are thoroughly practical for all fabrics which are without starch and without buttons. Garland Mangle Saving of fuel and immunity from heat, particularly during the summer months, represent two important points for consideration. Niagara and Princess Table Mangles do not require a table of specific dimensions, as, owing to the clamp feature being on the crank end only, they are easily affixed to any table or to a board. There is a real joy in using a towel smoothed by this process, which leaves the fabric in its highest efficiency for absorption and with the out-of-door ozone still in evidence. 15 "Anchor Brand" CLOTHES WRINGERS AND COLD PROCESS MANGLES TRADE A Is k MARK LOVELL MANUFACTURING CO. Erie, Penn., , U.S. A. NEW YORK CHICAGO 86 Warren Street 62 East Lake Street BOSTON 52 Pearl Street HAMBURG Siidseehaus LONDON 8 Baltic St.. Golden Lane A ■Jill 1 1 > i'! 1,1