THE 
 
 Spiders of Dorset, 
 
 WITH AN APPENDIX CONTAINING SHORT 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OP THOSE BRITISH SPECIES 
 
 NOT YET FOUND IN DORSETSHIRE. 
 
 REV. OCTAVIUS PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, 
 
 M.A., O.M.Z.S., HON. MEilB. NEW ZEALAND INSTITUTE, &0. 
 
 FROM TKE 
 
 'PROCEEDINGS OF THE DORSET NATURAL HISTORY 
 
 AND ANHQUARIAN FIELD CLUB," 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 PROFESSOR JAMES BUCKMAN, 
 
 F.G.S., F.L.S., &C. 
 
 <§Iurboviu : 
 
 PUBLISHED BY LOUIS HENRY BUEQa. 
 
 1879-81. 
 
 T 
 
'/9!or 
 
 
 1*77 gu 
 
TO 
 
 JOHN BLACKWALL, ESQ., F.L.S., 
 
 or 
 
 HENDRE HOUSE, NEAR LLANRWST, NORTH WALES, 
 THIS WORK ON 
 
 THE SPIDEES OF DORSET, 
 
 18 
 
 DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOE, 
 
 AS -A SMALL TOKEN OF LONG FRIENDSHIP AND RESPECT, 
 
 AS WELL AS OF GRATITUDE FOR CONSTANT AND READY ASSISTANCE 
 
 IN THE STUDY OF SPIDERS DURING THE LAST 
 
 TWENTY-FIVE YEARS. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Title Page. 
 
 Dedication. 
 
 Dates of Publication. 
 
 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i. — iv. 
 
 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . i. — xlii. 
 
 Descriptions of Spiders found in Dorsetshire .. 1 — 417 
 
 Appendix A. — Descriptions of some additional 
 species of spiders found in Dorsetshire since the pub- 
 lication of the first part of the work . . . . . . 418 — 457 
 
 Appendix B. — Descriptions of spiders found in 
 Great Britain, but not yet met with in Dorsetshire . . 458 — 569 
 
 Appendix C. — Additional notes on some of the 
 Dorset spiders described in the earlier part of the 
 work, with a rectification of Synonyms, and some 
 further remarks on the Senses, Habits, and Economy 
 of Spiders in general . . . . . . . . . . 570 — 588 
 
 Postscript containing descriptions and notices of 
 several new or rare spiders found either in Dorset- 
 shire or Great Britain since the printing of Appendix 
 A. and B 589—598 
 
 Synopsis of the Families of British Spiders . . 599 — 606 
 
 Table showing the Families, Genera, and Species of 
 Spiders found in Great Britain and Dorsetshire respec- 
 tively 607—609 
 
 Systematic List of the known British Spiders ; those 
 not yet found in Dorset are printed in Italics . . . . 610 — 625 
 
 General Index . . . . . . . . . . . . i. — xi. 
 
 Description of Plates (facing the plates themselves). 
 
 Errata. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 The first idea of the jiresent work embraced merely a list of 
 the Spidors of Dorsetshire, compiled from notes and observations 
 during the last twenty years, and including simply the time and 
 locality of capture. On second thoughts such a bare list 
 appeared to be rather too formal and uninteresting, and not 
 likely to be very useful ; it therefore gradually expanded until, 
 before the task had been proceeded with very far, it was 
 determined to give some of the loading characters of each 
 spider, so that the list might form a kind of handbook from 
 which a collector or student of spiders might be able to 
 identify most of those met with in the county. As th e 
 work has gone on it has been found advisable to make the 
 descriptions, especially where the species are nearly allied to 
 each other, rather fuller, and perhaps a little more formal. 
 This modification in the plan of the work will account for the 
 earlier descriptions being often less full, and less precise than the 
 later ones. A further modification was determined upon when 
 it was ascertained that the spiders found in Dorsetshire included 
 upwards of two-thirds of those as yet known to be British. It 
 was thought then that by the addition of a not very extensive 
 appendix, those spidors not yet found in Dorsetshire, but many 
 of which will doubtless some day be met with there, might be 
 included in a supplemental list, with a short diagnosis of each 
 species. The present monograph, therefore, will includo all the 
 known British spiders ; and will, it is hoped, materially assist future 
 collectors in the determination of any now additions they may 
 make to our County List ; the more especially as, at present, 
 thero is no work in which all our known British spiders are 
 included. The large folio volume of Mr. Blackwall, published 
 in 1861-4, records 304 species ; the present work already includes 
 
510 ; and fresh additions aro constantly being made to this total 
 by myself and others. 
 
 The primary object of the work, however, is to give an 
 account of Dorset spiders. Now local lists are of chief value, 
 when the locality has some well-defined natural boundaries, and 
 has been fairly woll searched. The former can scarcely be 
 predicated of the County of Dorsot ; it is not divided from the 
 neighbouring counties by any vory well defined natural limits, nor 
 can its whole area be said to have boen well searched in respect 
 to spiders ; and yet, if I mistake not, the present list will be 
 found in future to represent very fairly the spider-population of 
 the County ; because thoso parts of it which have been best 
 worked, include (in rospect to soil) its throe principal districts — 
 the Chalk and Limestone, the Heath, and the Clay. It is in tho 
 first two of these districts that we find the most peculiar ento- 
 mological fauna ; and very many of the spidors found in them 
 are also more or less peculiar and local. 
 
 As a matter of fact by far the greater part of the known 
 spiders of Dorset have been found in the parish of Bloxworth, 
 and its immediate neighbourhood ; the rest (with a very few 
 exceptions) havo beon obtained in the Isle of Portland. 
 
 The parish of Bloxworth forms a long strip of land about 3 J- 
 miles in length by about 1£ in breadth, running longthwise due 
 north and south. Tho southern extremity of this tract of land 
 (taking it roughly in three, aboiit equal, portions) consists of 
 sandy and gravelly heath, with a considerable mixture of marsh 
 and bog land. The central portion is a clay loam, with a large 
 amount of wood and coppice land ; and tho northern division 
 is loam upon chalk. Those three districts are similarly continued 
 on each side of Bloxworth, oast and west, for many miles. Tho 
 Isle of Portland, being of tho limestone formation j 
 produces, as a general rule (and making allowance for its 
 sea-board), the insects and spidors peculiar to the chalk districts. 
 
 Out of tho 510 species of spidors at present known to inhabit 
 Great Britain and Ireland 358 have been found in Dorsetshire. 
 Of the remaining 152, nine only have been recorded in Ireland, 
 
and sovoral othors are, at present, doubtful species. The very 
 large proportion of British spiders found in Dorsetshire is, no 
 doubt, partly due to the throo distinct varieties of soil men- 
 tioned above, and of which the Bloxworth district is a typical 
 example ; in a great measure it is due, perhaps, to Dorsetshire 
 having been more thoroughly worked than any other, 
 equally limited, portion of the British Islands. To this cause is, . 
 doubtless, due the largo number of species — about 84 — which have, 
 as yot, only been found in this county. Many of thorn will scaixely 
 fail to turn up in the adjoining counties, and porhaps also in 
 more distant ones, when these come in for a fair sliaro of work- 
 ing in this branch of Natural History. 
 
 The Island of Portland boasts, at present, about 17 spocios 
 peculiar to itself — so far at least as Great Britain is concerned — 
 and, of these, three have not as yet been found anywhere else. 
 Out of those above-mentioned as peculiar to Dorsetshire, about 
 47 are yet unrecorded on the continent ; and out of the whole 510 
 British spiders about 128 still remain unrecorded excepting in 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Examples of fourteen out of the fifteen Families of spiders 
 represented in Britain are found in Dorsetshire ; and these four- 
 teen Families comprise 74 genera, as against 83 represented in 
 Britain. 
 
 It should be remarked horo that the following descriptions by 
 no means exhaust tho characters of the different spiders. For 
 the sake of brevity only those characters aro usually given, which 
 have boon considered sufficient fairly to describo the spider, and, 
 where necessary, to distinguish it from its nearest congeners. The 
 descriptions of new species are, of course, given with greater 
 detail than those of spiders already known. 
 
 With regard to the synonymic references which precede the 
 descriptions, the quotation of all thoso that aro at present 
 ascertained would have been, of course, out of the question. 
 Many species have from fifteen to twenty, and even moro ; and tho 
 insertion of all thoso would have too greatly increased tho bulk 
 of the monograph, besides being out of place in a work of this 
 
nature. I have, therefore, as a rule, merely inserted, in each 
 instance, a reference to the author to whom the recognized name 
 of tho spider is duo. In some instances, however, when that 
 author is an old one, and his works not likely to be got at roadily, 
 then a reference is also made to the more modern author by whom 
 tho spider has been either described, or figured, or both. 
 
 Besides the works of Mr. Blackwall and others, so frequently 
 referred to in the following pages, those who desire to enter 
 minutely into questions of synonyms, will find the " Eemarks on 
 Synonyms of European Spiders," by Dr. T Thorell, of Upsala, 
 Sweden (in one vol., published in 1869), a work not only of primo 
 authority on points of synonymic reforence, but also on number- 
 less other interesting and important points, relating to the specific 
 distinctions of many of our nearly allied species. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 What is a Spider? 
 
 The existing state of popular knowledge, in respect to spiders, 
 is, probably, pretty correctly indicated in an answer mado to mo 
 by a friend, that " he knew oifour kinds only — the Red Spider ; 
 the Harvest Spider ; the Garden Spider ; and the Souse Spider." 
 This answer showed a very common misconception, not only 
 as to the number of species of spiders, but also as to 
 what is really a Spider; for, unluckily, the first two of 
 the little creatures mentioned are neither of them spiders, 
 sensu stricto ; on the contrary, they belong to two 
 collateral Orders; the first to the Order Acaridea (which includes 
 the cheese-mites and numberless other miscroscopic species), the 
 second to the Order Phalangidea. "Without pretending therefore 
 to enter very minutely into structure, or anatomical dotails, 
 either external or internal, many of which would bo quite out of 
 place here, it yet seems advisable to precede the descriptions of 
 our numerous Dorsetshire spiders by a short account of what is 
 a spider, and what a spider is ; so that those creatures which are 
 not really spiders, although popularly included under that name, 
 may be dismissed, for the present at least, from our minds. 
 Prejudice against Spiders. Origin of the Name Spider, 
 
 A great deal of ignorance and misconception undoubtedly 
 prevails about spiders ; as well as very much unreasoning dislike 
 of them. Tlio dislike probably arises, in a great degree, from 
 this ignorance, and also, in somo measure, from a certain sinister 
 look that they seem, in many minds, to possess. It has been 
 suggested to mo, too, that their very name has a sinister sound 
 and appearance. So far as this may bo true, I supposo it arises 
 from thoso letters in the name which give it a kind of hissing, 
 or spiteful sound ; just as the samo letters appear to do in the word 
 wasp. But, however that may be, tho derivation of the word spider 
 
U. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ought to banish, at once from every mind any sinister idea. "We 
 may, I think, dismiss altogether the fanciful interpretation by 
 which the name spider was once derived from " spy-door " 
 (spydor), in allusion to a, supposed general, habit of spiders lying 
 on the look-out in their webs spun in the angles of a doorway. 
 Its real derivation is, without a doubt, obtained from the habit 
 of spinning silken linos ; an unvarying character of the whole 
 Order to which spiders bolong. Hence the Swedish name 
 Spindlar or " the Spinner." The name is also essentially the 
 same in Gorman, and other Teutonic languages. From spindlar 
 wo got spider at once, by the simple and natural elision of the n 
 and I. 
 
 With regard to the sinister look of a spider, it is, I think, only 
 through ignorance and prejudice that spiders could bo viewed in 
 that light. Where is the object which does not bocomo 
 beautiful when seen through the medium of intelligent 
 enquiry ? Is this too philosophic an idea for our every-day 
 world? If so then, at least, let me say that among spiders 
 we find not only elegance of form, and many curious 
 and complex structures (some wonderfully adapted to their 
 mode of life, others still unexplained), but great beauty, both 
 of actual colouring and its distribution ; forming patterns of 
 groat variety, and striking contrasts of colour. Tho descriptions 
 of many oven of our British spiders will exemplify this ; while amon g 
 exotic specios there are numerous examples of richness and 
 brilliancy of colouring, equal to almost anything found in tho 
 insect world. 
 
 The carnivorous habits of spiders are repulsive to some minds ; 
 and hence comes another source of dislike ; but with what 
 amount of sense or reason ? A correspondent in the Dorset 
 Count!/ Chronicle, some little time since, included spiders in a 
 sweeping clause as, by common consent, disgusting creatures, 
 chiefly owing to their habit of preying upon others ; and spoke 
 of the study of spiders as though it were unworthy the time or 
 attention of a rational being. I know not how wide-spread these 
 opinions may be ; but, at any rate, it is scarcely consistent in, 
 
INTRODUCTION. 111. 
 
 mutton-and-beef-eating creatures to abuse the poor spiders for 
 doing not only what they themselves do, but also for doing a 
 good turn by lessening the numbers of somo of the greatest, among 
 the minor torments of human life — gnats, flios, andmosquitos. Tho 
 same correspondent recommended as a worthier study, and a 
 higher theme for the pen, "the little busy bee, and the pretty, 
 innocent singing birds." I presume that he, or she, must have 
 been quito ignorant of such episodes in bee-life as the ruthless 
 massacre of the male bees, when their services are no longer required; 
 and certainly the joyous song- thrush could never have been seen 
 in the act of immolating snails on the sacrificial stone, or tugging 
 the unwilling worm from its mother earth, with the nibbling 
 process of dismemberment which invariably follows ! 
 
 "Well! let us hope that the busy bee and the singing birds 
 have, since then, been really studied, and with a less prejudiced 
 mind, and if so we may be sure the crafty and (it may even bo 
 admitted) blood-thirsty spider will become an object of less dis- 
 gust — may be, of some rational interest. 
 
 Difference between Spiders and Insects. 
 
 A spider then is a creature that spins — a Spinner ; not like a 
 silkworm, through its mouth, but by means of special external 
 organs — spinners — placed at the hinder extremity of the 
 abdomen (pi. i., figs. Igg, 6, 10, \\<L). A spider differs from 
 all the insect tribes in not undergoing any metamorphosis ; it 
 is a spider from first to last, and merely undergoes sevoral 
 moultings or castings of the skin as it goes on, after its first 
 exclusion from tho egg, to maturity. Tho body is divided into 
 two, instead of (as in insects) three, visibly distinct parts. These 
 parts are in insacts — tho caput, thorax, and abdomon ; but in 
 tho spider the caput and thorax, with its sevoral segments (callod 
 the cephalo-thorax), are soldorod togothor. The groovos or 
 indentations denoting tho once separate portions are, however, 
 almost invariably more or less visible ; and the abdomon is joined 
 to tho cephalo-thorax by a short pediclo, through which tho 
 various organs of the former are connected with those of the 
 
IV. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 thoracio portion. The eyes, too, are all simple ; thus differing 
 remarkably from the compound eyes of the Insecta ; and the 
 legs (six in the insect tribes) are always eight in the spider. 
 
 Differences Between Spiders and Other Arachnids. 
 
 The different characters above detailed are easily observed, 
 and -will furnish a ready answer to tho question, " Spider or 
 insect ? " But as the various Orders of Arachnids — of which 
 the spiders constitute one Order only — share, with modifications, 
 in all those characters, one or two of the leading distinctions 
 must be mentioned, by which a spider may be known either 
 from the Acaridea — Mites — or the Phalangidea — Harvest-men — 
 or from a Pseudo-scorpion — Scorpionidea — which are the only 
 three Orders of Arachnids represented in Britain, besides 
 spiders — Araneidea, i.e., if we except the Pycnogonidea, marine 
 animals, whose position is still questionable. 
 
 A spider can be distinguished at once from one of the Acaridea 
 (or Mite-tribes), by the latter possessing a body, which consists, 
 at first sight, of one portion only ; the outer skin being con- 
 tinuous, and, in many cases, not showing, by even a suture, or 
 groove, any division between the cephalo-thorax and abdomen. 
 
 From the Phalangidea (or Harvest-men), a spider may be 
 recognised by the same general appearance in the former, as 
 that presented by an Acarid ; but although the body of a 
 Harvest-man appears at first sight to consist of one 
 portion only, the cephalo -thorax is, usually, distinctly 
 defined by a transverse indentation, or groove ; the abdomen 
 is covered by a series of coriaceous, or somewhat horny, 
 transverse folds, or plates ; the eyes are (in all European species) 
 two only, placed, one on each side of a tubercular eminence, 
 near the fore extremity of the cephalo-thorax ; and the legs are 
 generally very long, and of extraordinary slenderness ; the 
 terminal joint being sub-divided into numerous minuto articula- 
 tions. 
 
 The Pseudo-scorpiones (or Chelifera), forming a sub-order 
 of the Scorpionidea, are a small group of minute, but curious 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Araohnids, resembling little scorpions without tails. They are 
 found under logs of wood or stones, as well as among moss and 
 rubbish, and frequently in company with spiders, from which 
 their two, long, crab-like, forcipated claws (or palpi) in front of 
 the legs, will sorve to distinguish them at a glance. 
 
 Of the two remaining, terrestrial, Arachnidous Orders, Solpugidea 
 and Thelyphonidea, we havo no British representatives ; they need 
 not, therefore, bo distinguished here from the spiders. 
 
 So far then as to what is a spider. "We will now proceed to 
 detail, rather more minutoly, the different parts and organs in 
 order to give some idea of what a spider is ; and first of the 
 
 EXTERNAL STRUCTURE. 
 The Oephalo-thorax. 
 
 This consists of the head (caput) and thorax, united (pi. i., 
 fig- 4) ; its integument is always, more or less, hard and corneous, 
 and is marked with two obliquo indentations towards its fore part, 
 indicating a large, somewhat wedge-shaped portion, at the 
 anterior extremity (pi. i., figs. 3b and 4b) ; this wedge-shaped 
 portion is the caput ; the distinctness, with which it is marked 
 off from the rest (or thorax), is exceedingly variable, and its 
 fore extremity is always, more or less broadly truncated, or 
 rounded off. The thorax is marked with three or four grooves 
 or indentations on each side (pi. i., figs. 4c,d,ej; and 3c,d,e l f), 
 varying in depth and completeness, but almost always traceable, 
 and converging from near the margin to a point near the centre, 
 where there is either a small linear furrow, a simple dilated 
 depression, or sometimes a deep, curved, transverse indentation ; 
 this is called the thoracic indentation (pi. i., fig. 4g) ; the transverse, 
 converging, lateral indentations indicate the four thoracic seg- 
 ments on each side. These segments and the caput are now 
 soldered together ; but, without a doubt, at one period of the 
 spider's genealogioal history all of them were separate from each 
 other, and each was articulated to tho thorax proper, the posi- 
 tion of which is marked by the present thoracic indentation. 
 
 Besidos these indentations, the cephalo-thorax is often marked 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 with either strice, punctures, or ruguloeities, and is variously 
 coloured ; it is often smooth and glabrous, but, frequently, also 
 clothed with spines, bristles, hairs, or downy pubescence, of 
 different colours ; forming a distinctive pattern, which usually 
 follows the converging direction of the various indentations. 
 
 In numbers of male spiders, of various families and genera, 
 the caput (especially the ocular region) is liable to excessive, and 
 often quite eccentric developement. This is carried to, perhaps, 
 its greatest extent, among our indigenous spiders, in the genus 
 Walokenadra, where the eyes are thus thrust up (as it were) 
 on more or less considerable, and variously shaped elevations 
 and eminences (pi. iv., figs. 3 and 4). The females present little 
 or no trace of this excessive development. If it be true that no 
 natural development can exist, which is not of some benefit to 
 the possessor, and which has not been produced by natural 
 selection, these developments, confined thus to the male sex, and 
 of no conceivable utility, are a puzzle to the rigid disciples of 
 Darwin. My own opinion * has long been that such develop- 
 ments (together with many others, peculiar to the male sex) aro 
 simply the results of the greater vital force or energy of the 
 male organization ; and are only kept in check by the hindrance 
 and positive evil that they may bring with them to their 
 possessors in the struggle for life. Of course, the operation of 
 natural selection will come in, through the advantage given to 
 individuals in which the vital force is the most powerful ; and 
 will thus indirectly tend to increase those developments which 
 are, primarily, the result of that forco. 
 
 The Eyes 
 Are placed at the fore part of the caput, sometimes in front of 
 it, at other times on the upper surface ; often partly iu front and 
 partly above (see various figures in pis. i.-v.). They are simple, 
 immovable, six or eight in number in all the known British 
 species, though a few exotics possess no more than two or four. 
 
 * In a oorrespondenoe, several yoars since, upon this point, Mr. Darwin 
 did not agroo with my views upon it. Very lately, however, I have had 
 the satisfaction of seeing those views stated and upheld by Mr. Alfred 
 Russell Wallace, in his recent moBt interesting work, " Tropioal Nature," 
 
INTRODUCTION. Vii. 
 
 Their disposition, though uniformly symmetrical, is exceed- 
 ingly varied ; they are very generally placed in pairs, and almost 
 always present some modification of two transverse rows of 
 four eyes each; and their size, both actual and relative, 
 differs greatly. The portion of the caput occupied by the 
 eyes is called the ocular area (pi. i., fig. 5a',«") ; on some 
 eccentric forms of this area (see above). The interval between the 
 anterior row of eyes and the lower margin of the caput is called 
 the olypeus (pi. i., fig. 5J') ; and to the whole area, from the lower 
 margin to the posterior eyes, is given the name of the facial 
 tpace (pi. i., fig. 5c'). 
 
 Spiders are in some measure compensated for inability to 
 move the eyes, by having their visual axis variously direoted, 
 owing partly to the greater or less convexity of the surfaoe of 
 the ocular area, and partly to the presence of tubercles, upon 
 or around which the eyes are seated : thus the eight-eyed spidors 
 are frequently able to look eight different ways at once. 
 
 The eyes of spiders vary in shape as well as in colour ; some 
 are pearly white, others (in the same individual) are dark 
 grey, and even black ; -while among the Salticides eyes of most 
 brilliant hues may be seen, showing the colours of the amethyst, 
 emerald, opal, and other precious stones. Some (the greater 
 part) are round, others are oval, and some of a sub -triangular, or 
 irregular form. Mons. Eugene Simon (of Paris) calls the pearly 
 white eyes " leg yeux nocturnes," and the dark-coloured ones "let 
 ytux diurnes ;" laying great stress upon the systematic value of 
 the difference of function supposed to exist between these two 
 kinds of eyes ; but this value may well be questioned. 
 
 In certain spiders some of the eyes have a flattened and 
 abortive appearance, and are probably, in such cases, of little, or 
 perhaps no use for visual purposes. Examples have occasionally 
 been met with in which one, or more, of the eyes is wanting. A 
 very curious instance of this kind is at present before me, in an 
 adult male example of Tegenaria Derhamii, Scop., received from 
 Belfast. No outward trace of an eye is visible in this specimen, 
 but I can discern a faint appearance of the four central ones 
 
Vlii. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 beneath the horny cuticle. It is quite possible, however, that 
 these may have sufficed for vision, though, probably, in a very 
 imperfect degree. 
 
 The Legs. 
 
 These are articulated, four on each side, beneath the outer 
 margin of the cephalo-thorax, to an either round, oval, oblong, 
 or heart-shaped, corneous plate, called the Sternum (pi. i., fig. 
 2d) (in this figure the legs are truncated at the first joint. 
 
 The legs oonsist each of seven joints of different lengths (a 
 very few exotic species possessing eight, owing to the sub- 
 division of the tarsus or terminal joint). The following names 
 are given to these joints in the descriptions in this volume (see 
 pi. i., fig. 1, where, on one of the legs, the joints are numbored): — 
 i., the exinguinal ; ii., coxal ; iii., femoral; iv., genual; v., tibial; 
 vi., metatarsal; vii., tarsal. 
 
 The legs vary a good deal in their size and length, both 
 absolutely and relatively ; and the tarsi always terminato with 
 either two or three curvod claws, generally toothed or poctinatod 
 (pi. i,, figs. 8« and 13b) ; usually the pectinations aro confined to 
 the two superior claws, but occasionally the inferior ono also is 
 toothed. The legs are clothed in various ways — with hairs, 
 bristles, and spines (pi. i., figs. 1 and 9) ; in some spiders plumose 
 hairs may be seen. 
 
 In some groups a longitudinal series of small, closely-set, 
 curved, spine-like bristles, may be found on the metatarsi of the 
 fourth pair of logs (fig. 9, a). This is called a Calamistrum, and 
 is used for the purpose of carding or combing out from a special 
 spinning organ (to be described presently) a peculiar flocculus of 
 adhesive silk, which is disposed about the spider's snare, the 
 bettor to entrap its prey. We are indebted to our countryman, 
 the veteran Araneologist, Mr. John Blackwall, for the discovery 
 of this portion of a spider's structure, as well as for our 
 knowledge of its mode of employment and use. Boneath the 
 tarsi (and somotimes the motatarsi) of many spiders is found a 
 more or less compact clothing, ofton quite apad or cushion, of close- 
 set hairs, generally of a papilli form nature (pi. i., figs. 12, 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 12a); this is called a scopula, and is of use in enabling the 
 spider to ascend polished surfaces, as glass, &c. And frequently 
 there is, close beneath the tarsal claws, a compact tuft of hairs, 
 the hairs often of a somewhat club-shape, or squamose nature 
 —to this is given the name of elaw-iuft (pi. i., fig. 13a) ; doubtless 
 it is of use in enabling the spider to traverse uneven surfaces 
 with the greater speed, and is most marked in spiders possessing 
 two terminal claws only, if not entirely confined to them. 
 The Falces. 
 Immediately below tho fore-part of the cephalo-thorax are the 
 Falces (pi. i., figs. 3a, and 5a,a). These are two in number, and 
 each consists of a strong basal joint articulated to the caput, 
 either vertically, or on an inclined plane, or horizontally; 
 moving accordingly, either up and down, or sideways. At the 
 extremity of each is a strong, curved, pointed fang, articulated 
 so as to close down, either in a line along the under side of the 
 falx (pi. ii., fig. 2a), or along its inner side (pi. i., fig 5b,c). Most 
 commonly the fang is met by a longer or shorter row of teeth 
 placed along the inner side of the falx (pi. i., fig. 5d,d), some- 
 times two rows of teeth are present, and occasionally there is 
 an extra strong tooth in front of each falx. The falces are thus 
 rendered most formidable weapons, more especially as each 
 contains, inside, a hollow charged with a poisonous fluid, which 
 is poured into the wound made by the fang, through a minute 
 orifice near its extremity. 
 
 The falces are used not only for seizing and killing the 
 spider's prey, but also for comminuting and compressing it so as 
 to squoeze out the juices into the throat, which is situated 
 immediately behind them. 
 
 By some physiologists the falces are considered to be the 
 homologues of the antennso of insects, abnormally developed and 
 modified for the performance of a special function. The usual 
 truncated form of the fore part of the caput is also considered to 
 have arisen from the disappearance, through " Natural selection, 
 of the fore part of the insect-caput, carrying away with it the two 
 large compound insect-eyes, and leaving only those which now, in 
 
X. tNTBOBtrCTION. 
 
 the spider, are thought to represent the simple ocelli of the inseot. 
 For my own part, although fully persuaded of the extensive 
 agency (among others) of " Natural selection," and of the truth 
 of " Evolution " I cannot at present see sufficient grounds for the 
 above hypothesis as to their effect in modifying what are now 
 the falces and caput of spiders. 
 
 The Maxillae. 
 
 If a spidor be laid on its back, two elongate pieces will be seen 
 at the fore extremity, just behind the falces (pi. i., fig. 2, a,a, and 
 pi. ii., fig. 2.e,'e') these are called maxilla, or jaws, because they 
 assist in the compression of the spider's prey, and in squeezing 
 out its juices into the throat (or oesophagal tube). The maxillse 
 form the greater part of the posterior boundary of the mouth ; 
 they are variously formed, of great diversity in size, and 
 constitute, in fact, the basal, or supporting joints, of 
 The Palpi. 
 
 These are two in number, and stretch forwards immediately in 
 front of the first pair of legs. PI. i., fig. 1«, (male), and fig. 2 
 o-h. (female). Occasionally (in the Family Therapho sides) the 
 palpi are used, in the female sex, as legs, but most com- 
 monly only as feelers. Instead of seven joints, like the legs, 
 the palpi have but six, including the basal joint or maxilla. 
 They are very varied in length and strength, and in the form of 
 the joints (pi. i., figs, la, 15, 14, 7. PI. ii., figs. \c, 2f, and 
 6, represent the palpi of several different spiders). In all female 
 spiders the extreme (or digital) joint is of simple form, generally 
 ending with a single, curved, and sometimes pectinated claw. In 
 some groups, however, this claw is absent. The last joint but 
 one is called the radial, the next behind it the cubital, then the 
 humeral, and the next (which connects the palpus with the 
 maxilla) is called the axillary joint. The palpi (like the legs) are 
 usually furnished with hairs, bristles, or spines, or with all or 
 some of these. 
 
 In the male spider we observe a remarkable difference in the 
 extreme (or digital) joint of each palpus ; this, instead of being 
 
INTRODUCTION. XI. 
 
 simple, and no larger than the next joint, if so largo, is of a 
 tumid form, and when the spider becomes adult, i.e., at its last 
 moult, it developes into a more or less oval, sometimes very large, 
 and generally concave, somewhat spoon-like joint ; in the hollow, 
 or to the under side of this joint, is fixed a curious structure, 
 consisting of a corneous bulb, spines, processes, and lobes ; 
 sometimes thoir form is very simple, as in the Theraphosides, 
 Dysderides, and some others (pi. ii., figs. \c, If., and 6a., and pi. 
 i., fig. 15c) ; but at other times it is very complex (pi. i., fig. 
 14c), and notably so in many spocies of Linyphia, as well as in 
 somo other genera. To this structure is given the name of 
 palpal organs ; they are, in fact, the extornal instruments by 
 which the fecundation of the female spider is effected. The 
 male spider (in a manner somewhat analogous to the deposition 
 of the milt by the male fish) drops the fecundating fluid out of 
 the socreting organs (which are situated beneath the fore part of 
 tho abdomen) upon a line of its web, or possibly on a leaf, or on 
 some other substance. It then immediately imbibes or draws the 
 fluid into the bulbous portion of tho palpal organs by means of 
 an appropriate duct, whose orifice is situated at the end of one 
 of these prominent processes ; through this it is again, subse- 
 quently, injected into tho female organs, which are furnished with 
 receptacles — Spermathocra — for its retention for some days, or 
 perhaps weeks, until required for use. In some instances tho 
 male spider probably imbibes the fecundating fluid into the 
 palpal organs directly from the secreting vessels, but this has 
 not yet been actually observed. 
 
 The variety in the form of the spines and processes, and in the 
 structure generally of the palpal organs, is apparontly without 
 limit; and thence we obtain one of the most useful, and 
 Unfailing characters for the distinction of species. Other 
 j oints of the palpi also frequently present differences, and apparent 
 eccentricities of structure. This is chiefly noticeable in respect 
 to the radial joint, which is often furnished with variously 
 formed spines and projections, or, as they are usually called, 
 apophyses (pi. i., fig. 15J). These are also most important for the 
 
iii. INTRODtTOTION. 
 
 determination of spiders, never being exactly alike in any two 
 males of different species. 
 
 The development of the palpal organs is the sure criterion of 
 maturity. 
 
 The Sternum. 
 
 This has already been mentioned as the plate to which the legs 
 are articulated (pi. i., fig. 2d). It is usually flat or sub-convex ; 
 its shapo is either round, oval, oblong, or heart-shaped, and it 
 forms the under surface to the cephalo-thorax. At its fore 
 extremity is a sort of narrow continuation of it, forming 
 The Labium. 
 
 This constitutes the completion of the mouth parts by stop- 
 ping up the gap between the maxillse (pi. i., fig. 2c). It 
 is divided from the sternum by a groovo or suture, but is 
 never articulated to it. It is sometimes projected in the same 
 plane as the sternum, but is more often set at a greater or less angle 
 with it, following, in fact, the direction of the maxilla) and 
 falces. The labium is of great importance to the spider, for 
 without it the juices of its prey would escape, instead of being 
 retained and guided into the throat, by the assistance of the 
 "tongue" (a small obscure portion of structure immediately 
 between the labium and falces). The length and form of the 
 labium is different in different spiders ; usually it is either 
 semi-circular, sub-triangular, oblong, or quadrate ; its apex is 
 often pointed, and sometimes emarginate. PI. ii., fig. 2cf., shows 
 the labium of Ati/ptis, and fig. Id that of Segestria. 
 The Abdomen. 
 
 We come now to tho second leading division of the spider's 
 body — the abdomen. This is attached to the hinder part of the 
 cephalo-thorax by a short, but distinct, sheath or pedicle. It 
 is of diverse form in different spiders, round, oblong, globular, 
 flattened, quadrate, or sub-triangular. Various humps, 
 prominences, and othor eccentricities of form are found on the 
 abdomon in some exotic spiders, and, in a lesser degree, in several 
 of our British species — Cyclosa conica, Pallas (pi. iv., figs. 6, 6«). 
 
INTRODUCTION. Xlll. 
 
 The cuticle of the abdomen is almost always continuous Ji.e.,. 
 without folds or articulated plates), and is either soft or, at most, 
 somewhat coriaceous or leathery in its texture. In some exotic 
 groups, however, it is hard and corneous. The surface is some- 
 times smooth ; at other times (and most frequently) it is clothed, 
 more or less, with hairs, bristles, and downy pubescence. In 
 the genus Gasteracantha and some other exotic spiders it is armed 
 with strong spines. It has generally a distinct pattern upon 
 it, formed either by colours and markings inherent in the 
 cuticle, or else dependent upon the hues of its hairy clothing. 
 In most cases the pattern on the upper side of the abdomen 
 assumes some modification or other of the form of a 
 central, longitudinal stripe on the fore part, followed by a 
 sories of transverse, curved, or angular lines, like circumflex 
 markings, whose apices are directed forwards. The central 
 stripe varies in its length, breadth, and form, but always 
 indicates the position of an important internal organ, which, 
 acting like the heart in the higher animals, receives the vital 
 fluid, and propels it throughout the whole system. Probably 
 the varied colour of this stripe depends on its immediate con- 
 nection with the internal organ above mentioned. 
 
 In most spiders there may be observed some small impressed 
 spots, or depressions, symmetrically placed on the upper surface 
 of the abdomen. These are, apparently, different in number, and 
 oertainly different in size, in different groups of spiders ; probably 
 their number is, in reality, always the same, though not 
 externally visible in all cases. In the family Thomisides they 
 are often very distinct, and five or seven in number ; a single 
 one occupies the middle of the fore-extremity, and is followed by 
 two or three pairs of others ; thoso of each pair being widish apart 
 and forming a transverse line. These impressed spots indicate 
 points where the cuticle adheres by muscles, to the internal 
 organs. Although in most cases the epidermis of the abdomen 
 is continuous, yet in one (exotic) genus, Liphiatius, Schiodte, it is 
 broken up into distinct, transverse, corneous plates united at 
 their edges by a membranous fold. la some of even our own 
 
XIV. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 indigenous spiders traces may be seen of transverse folds in the 
 cuticle towards the hinder extremity. Probably the transverse 
 curved, or angular lines above noticed, and which give to the 
 hinder part of the abdomen of so large a majority of spiders, 
 its distinctive pattern, are the lingering indications of obsolete 
 folds. The traces of folds (as well as the corneous plates in 
 ZipMstius) in all probability point to the once segmented structure 
 of the abdomen, and give us a clue to the origin of the distinctive 
 pattern just mentioned. 
 
 At the extreme point of the hinder part is a single small 
 nipple-like prominence (pi. i., fig. 10, f) ; in this is contained the 
 anal orifice ; and it was, doubtless, once the terminal segment 
 of the segmented form of the abdomen. 
 Spinners. 
 
 Immediately below the anal prominence, is a more or less- 
 closely compacted group of other nipple-like organs (pi. i., fig. 
 2, g,g, and fig. 10, c,d,ej,h,g). These are, in all British spiders, 
 six in number, with, in some families, a very short, broad, 
 supernumerary one, generally divided by a cross-line, and 
 placed immediately in front of the rest (pi. i., fig. 10, a,b). In 
 some exotic groups the numbers are also two and four. These 
 organs are the spinners, and they play a most important part in 
 spider economy, forming also (as stated before), one of the 
 leading characters of the order Araneidea. 
 
 The position of the spinners varies; usually they are of 
 different sizes, longths, and direction, varying from one to three 
 joints. At their extremities, and sometimes along the under 
 surface of the last joint, are many minute tubes (spinnerets), 
 through which the silken lines issue ; these lines are, in part, 
 propelled at the will of the spider, and partly drawn from the 
 spinnerets by external influences. The silk is secreted in the 
 form of a gum-like fluid, iu small bulbous-shaped organs, situ- 
 ated within the under surface of the hinder part of the abdomen. 
 The silk emitted from the supernumerary organ above-men- 
 tioned is of a peculiar nature, and is drawn from it by means of 
 the " calamistra," noted in describing the armature of the legs. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XV. 
 
 By moan8 of this instrument tho silk is carded or teased out, so 
 as to become very flocculont and adhesive ; it is then disposed 
 about the lines of the snare for tho purpose of entangling tho 
 spider's prey. 
 
 Spiracular Plates and Breathing Organs. 
 
 Beneath tho fore extremity of tho abdomen are two, generally 
 very distinct, roundish or oval platos, placod in a transverse line, 
 (pi. i., fig. 1, e,e, and fig 11, b,b). In some spiders — Thera- 
 phosidos and Di/sderidss — these are four in number, the two 
 additional ones succeoding the others a little way towards tho 
 middle of tho abdomen (pi. ii., fig. 2, «',«', c\c\ and fig. 1, a,a, 
 b,b). At the postorior-margin of each of these plates is a trans- 
 verse slit-like opening, leading to the main breathing organs, 
 which are situated underneath. Those organs are a modification 
 of the tracheal system found in the Insecta. Instead of the 
 air being taken (as in that class) into simple tubes from numer- 
 ous external orifices, and so distributed over the body for tho 
 aeration of the vital fluid ; it is taken in through the transverse 
 slits, mentioned above, into a special breathing apparatus ; thus 
 localizing the main supply of air, in a way somewhat 
 analogous to the action of the lungs of the mammalia, and 
 thence aerating the vital fluid as it passes out of the dorsal 
 vessel, or heart. There are, however, in many spiders, other 
 orifices leading, probably, to simple air-tubes (or tracheae) in 
 different parts of the abdomen. One of the most noted instances 
 of this, among British spiders, occurs in the genus Awjphmna 
 Sund. (pi. i., fig. 11, c.J Anothor remarkable instance is in the 
 genus Cambridgea, L. Koch., found in New Zealand. 
 Genital Aperture. 
 
 One other portion of the abdominal structure must be shortly 
 noticed — the genital or sexual aperture. This is situated 
 exactly between the openings of the breathing apparatus, and 
 leads to appropriate internal organs. In the male sex the 
 fecundating fluid is secreted in these organs. The curious office 
 of tho palpi of male spiders, as instruments for the reception 
 and application of this fluid, has boon already described. 
 
XVI. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The external aperture (in males) is very minute, but in the 
 female sex it is much larger, of very varied form, and frequently 
 has a process of diverse shape and structure, in different species, 
 connected with it ; this process is also often of considerable 
 length, and is probably of use in the deposition of the ova. 
 The form and structure of the genital aperture, and its processes 
 afford some of the most distinctive characters for the specific 
 determination of female spiders ; it is only visible as a distinct 
 orifice when the spider has attained maturity, of which it is the 
 unerring sign (see pi. i., fig. 2,/, and fig. 11, a; also plate ii., 
 fig. 2, JO- 
 INTERNAL STRUCTURE. 
 
 In a monograph like the present, any lengthened details of 
 the internal structure, or anatomy of spiders, would be out of 
 place. Certain points have been already neoessarily touched 
 upon in explaining their external structure ; it will, therefore, 
 suffice here to refer to the internal organs in very general terms. 
 Organs of Digestion. 
 
 These consist of a large sac or stomach, furnished with short 
 lateral branches, corresponding with the number of legs on each 
 side, and placed within the cavity of the cephalo-thorax. The 
 juices of insects, which form the spider's food, pass into this 
 stomach from the mouth parts, or throat, through an oesophagal 
 tube, and thence into the abdominal intestine, by means of a 
 canal which runs through the pedicle connecting the cephalo- 
 thorax and abdomen. At its hinder extremity this intestine 
 empties itself into a large, rounded pouch or rectum, and thence 
 all undigested matter is excreted through the anal orifice. There 
 are also appropriate glands in the cephalo-thorax for the 
 secretion of gastric juice, and others in tho abdomen for the 
 secretion of bile, appealing to subserve purposes similar to those 
 effected by the analogous products of the stomach and liver in 
 the higher animals. 
 
 Organs ot Circulation. 
 
 Circulation is effected by means of a large, elongate, four- 
 chambered vessel, running close beneath the cuticle, along the 
 
INTRODUCTION. xvii. 
 
 middle at the fore part of the upper side of the abdomen, and 
 called the "Dorsal vessel." In this vessel the vital fluid is collected, 
 and thence circulated by a regular system of arteries and veins. 
 The position of the dorsal vessel is almost always apparent on 
 the outside (as before noticed) by an elongated stripe, or band, 
 of varied form and colour. 
 
 Organs of Respiration. 
 
 These have already been referred to. The more localized nature 
 of the main breathing apparatus in spiders than among the Inseota 
 plainly marks a progress to a higher type of organization; 
 though the peculiarly pulmonary nature attributed to them, in 
 most of the general works on Arachnida, appears calculated to 
 mislead. 
 
 The respiration of spiders is, in fact, effected not by pulmonary 
 organs, but by essentially tracheal ones, which may be described 
 as consisting of both Trachea proper, and Sac-trachea. The 
 latter form the principal breathing organs, their position being 
 shown outwardly by the spiracular plates detailed above ; they 
 consist of a collection of flattened membranous sacs, enclosed 
 within an outer membrane, and lying together somewhat like 
 the leaves of a book. The air is collected in these Sac-trachea, 
 and re-oxygenates the main body of the vital fluid in its 
 passage through the dorsal vessel ; while by the Trachea (pro- 
 perly so called) air is conveyed in small quantities to the vital 
 fluid in various parts of the system. To any one familiar with 
 the structure and functions of the lungs of mammals, the 
 essential difference between them and the Sac-tracheae of spiders 
 will be obvious. 
 
 Nervous System. 
 Spiders also possess a very perfectly organized nervous system. 
 "Within the fore-part of the cephalo-thorax is one main bilobed 
 ganglion, or mass of nervous matter, emitting nervous threads 
 to each of the eyes, falces, and labium ; not far behind this, and 
 continuous with it, is a still larger mass, from which nerve- 
 threads issue to the legs and palpi ; a fascia of the same nature 
 
XVlll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 is continued to the abdomen, where it is subdivided, and branches 
 out to all the different abdominal organs. 
 
 Organs of Reproduction. 
 
 The situation of these, with their external form, has already 
 been noticed. The internal parts of both male and female are 
 very simple ; in the former they consist of two long, narrow, 
 convoluted tubes, and in the latter, of two elongated Ovaria, 
 placed lengthwise within the ventral surface of the abdomen. 
 
 Near the external opening of the Ovaria, in the female, there 
 are generally some (fewer or more) contortions corresponding to 
 the more or less contorted, or complex, structure of the palpal 
 organs of the male. It is through those contorted tubes that the 
 fecundating fluid is passed, by means of the palpal organs of 
 the male into the bulbiform reservoirs, or Spermatheca, of the 
 female.* 
 
 Habita and Economy of Spiders. Their snares and mode 
 of entrapping their prey. 
 
 Porhaps to most lovers of Natural History greater detail on 
 this part of tho subjoct would bo acceptable ; but even these 
 interesting points can only bo touched upon comparatively briofly 
 here, especially as in the following descriptions the habits and 
 economy of the different species (so far as known) are frequently 
 referred to. 
 
 Evidently formed to prey upon other creatures (for, as yet, no 
 instance is known of a spider feeding upon vegetable substances) 
 and the majority of their prey being able to seek safety in flight 
 or swiftness of foot, we find, as we should expect, spiders 
 endowed with skill and craft rather than with great comparative 
 strength. 
 
 There are several ways in which the rapacious portion of 
 creation obtain their prey : Firstly, by running it down in fair 
 
 * Those who desire to enter more minutely into the subject of the internal 
 structure and anatomy of spiders may bo referred to the works of 
 Treviranus, Emile Blanchard, Philip Bertkau, and others. In regard to 
 the mode of reproduction, the main facts at present known are very dearly 
 stated and illustrated in a little work (vol. 2 of the "American Natural 
 History series) lately published at Salem, Mass., U.S.A., " On the 
 Habits and Structure of Spiders," by Mr. J. H. Emerton. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xl*. 
 
 open course, which is not often adopted by spiders, though I 
 have seen, now and then, some species of Lycosa do so ; secondly, 
 by searching about carefully, and, when the prey is descried, 
 stopping short and leaping upon it. This is a method very 
 oommonly in use among the Lycosides, Salticides, and some few 
 of the Drassides ; thirdly, by lying in concealment until the prey 
 comes within reach ; thus spiders lie in wait, hidden, or partly so, 
 among tho petals, or other parts, of the bloom, of flowers, 
 particularly those of a composite nature, and then seize tho 
 insects which come to suck the honey. Some spiders, es- 
 pecially among tho Thomisides, who are much addicted to this 
 last mode of replenishing their larders, have a habit of elevat- 
 ing, depressing, and moving their fore legs laterally to and fro. 
 The tips of the legs, when thus protruding from among tho 
 petals of a flower in which the spider is concealed, bear a striking 
 resemblance to the stamens and anthers gently moved by the 
 wind. A friend of mine, who has noticed this, believes that 
 it is done for the express purpose of attracting insects to the 
 flower; but as the spider exercisos the habit at other times, 
 as well as when lying in wait for insects, this interpretation of 
 the fact seems scarcely tonablo ; though, no doubt, the habit tends 
 to tho spiders' advantage by disarming suspicion on the insects' 
 part. 
 
 Anothor method of entrapping their prey, adopted by somo of 
 the most extensive families of spiders — Agelenidcs, Theridiides^ 
 and Epeirides, as well as by some othor spiders — is tho spinning 
 of snares in which the insects become entangled. This mode is so 
 well known as scarcely to need mention. Everyone who has given 
 even a cursory attention to spiders' webs will have obsorvod the 
 boautif ul geometric wheel-like snares hung upon their suspensory 
 lines over a ditch, or in gaps and openings among plants, bushes, 
 and trees. The general plan of these snares consists of a 
 number of lines radiating from a central point, and crossed, 
 at more or less regular intervals, by others in a transverse 
 direction, like the rounds of a ladder or the ratlines of a ship; 
 The cross-lines are, in fact, formed by a singlo lino passed round 
 
XX. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and round from the centre in a spiral form ; a large portion of it, 
 towards the outer part of the snare, being thickly studded with 
 very small globules of viscid matter, looking like little drops of 
 dew ; these serve to entangle the flies and other insects when 
 they get into the web. The construction of this kind of snare is 
 carried on, at times, very expeditiously. I have noted a 
 geometric snare completely formed, from beginning to end, 
 within half an hour. 
 
 Geometric webs are placed at different angles with the plane of 
 the earth's surface, according to the species of the constructor, 
 and are not all equally regular, or perfect ; one of the most 
 perfect, among British spiders, is that of Cyclosa {Epeira, Blackw.) 
 conica, Pallas, (pi. iv., fig. 6), while one of the least perfect, 
 among all spiders yet known, is that of Hyptiotes cavata, Hentz. 
 — a North American species. A curious habit of this spider is 
 noted further on. 
 
 The subject of web-spinning is one of the most interesting 
 parts of the study of spiders, though a great deal of leisure and 
 patience are required to carry out any extended observations 
 upon it. It is wonderful to see the great mobility of the 
 abdomen, by which the spinners are directed to any desired 
 point. The legs, and, especially, the claws at the ends of the 
 tarsi, play a very important part here also, enabling the spider to 
 stretch, or to tighten its lines, and to gather them up when slack. 
 Those spiders possessing Calamistra are further enabled to prepare 
 (as before noticed) a peculiarly, flocculent, adhesive web from 
 silk drawn out of the extra spinning organ, with which the 
 Calamistrum is invariably correlated. The geometric snares 
 above described give the name to the great Latreillean group of 
 spiders " Orbitelarice." 
 
 The other great group of snare-spinners is that of the 
 " Retitelarice" Latreille. These must also have been frequently 
 observed by all, excepting the no-eyed part of mankind; 
 their general plan consists of a more or less extended, 
 horizontal sheet of thin web with numerous lines above and 
 below, crossing and recrossing each other in all directions. The 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXI. 
 
 Linyphia take up their station, in an inverted position, under 
 this sheet ; other spiders lie in wait at a little distance. 
 The snare of a very common Linyphia — L. montana, Clerck. 
 — may he seen in any hox-hush, yew, or holly hedge 
 in our gardens ; it is the most perfect of its kind, 'andj is 
 suspended by the opposed effect of the upper and lower lines . 
 being also tightly braced down by vertical lines from the under 
 side to the leaves and twigs below. I conclude that most of 
 these snares are formed at night, inasmuch as I have frequently 
 watched for a considerable period in day-time without ever 
 having been able to observe the modus operandi. The snares of 
 T/ieridion, and other allied genera, consist only of irregularly 
 intersecting lines ; that of the Agelenides is a more compact 
 horizontal sheet, and in connection with it is constructed a 
 tubular or funnel-shaped retreat, in which the spider lives. The 
 most perfect snare of this sort is that of Agelena lahjrinthica 
 (p. 67). Others of this group, belonging to spiders of the 
 genera Tegenaria and Amaurobius, may be seen any day, in tho 
 angles of unused rooms, outhouses, and cellars. 
 
 Spiders lines may frequently be observed strained across open 
 spaces, of sometimes many feet and even yards, in extent. This 
 has been explained, by some naturalists, to have been done by 
 the help of a current of air carrying the thread across. I can- 
 not, of course, say that it never has been thus effected ; though 
 I have certainly never myself witnessed it. I have, however, on 
 several occasions, seen a spider fix its line, then run down to the 
 ground, across the intervening space, and so up the opposite 
 side, trailing its line as it went ; and then having hauled in the 
 slack, it fixed the line to the desired spot. This I believe to be 
 the usual mode of proceeding in such cases. 
 
 The expedition with which, when once set about, spiders con- 
 struct their webs, has already been noticed, and it is again 
 raferred to in the description of Linyphia triangularis (p. 228). 
 Other spiders are equally expeditious, and the knowledge of this 
 is not without practical utility. A case once occurred in which the 
 oonviction or acquittal of a prisoner turned upon whether an 
 
XX11. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 outhouso door had been fraudulently opened or not. The door 
 itself was uninjured, and the prisoner was finally acquitted on 
 proof that the keyhole on the morning of its examination was 
 found covered with cobwebs ; from this the Counsel for the 
 defence argued that it could not possibly have been touched 
 during the previous night, in which the alleged opening of the 
 door had taken place. The defence would have fallen through 
 at once had it been known that such webs might have been, and 
 probably tho one in question was, spun in the course of half an 
 hour or less. 
 
 The skill and craft of spiders is also very evident in the way in 
 which many of them deal with their prey when entangled, or 
 otherwise captured. An instance of this is noted (p. 78) in 
 respect to Pholcus pliahngioides, which, like some other spiders, 
 winds its prey up tightly with silken lines. Another spider, 
 Misumena vatia, Clerck., lying in wait in the blooms of flowers, 
 seizes the bees and other insects which frequent them. I onco 
 observed one of these spiders, lying in wait in a rose, capture a 
 butterfly (Lycama, phlceasj ; which was seized and firmly held by 
 the slender pedicle connecting the head and thorax — in fact by 
 the neck — the very best point for overpowering it ; on the same 
 principle as that on which a bull-dog pins the bull by the nose, 
 or a deer-hound the deer by the ear. This mode of seizure has 
 also been adopted in all the instances that have come under my 
 own observation, whether the prey were a butterfly, a bee, or 
 any other insect. 
 
 Although exceedingly voracious, spiders are sometimes (when 
 full-grown) able to endure long fasts with impunity. For an 
 instance, in my own experience, of an eighteen months' fast, 
 during which time the spider appeared to be strong and healthy. 
 See Zoologist 1853, p. 3766. Mr. Blackwall (Spid. Great Brit. 
 and Irel., p. 6) records a similar instance. 
 
 Spiders Nests and Egg Oocoons. 
 Although the two great groups of spiders mentioned above 
 are tho only ones in which snares are spun to entrap their prey, 
 all spiders can spin, and numbers form silken linings to holes in 
 
INTRODUCTION. XX111. 
 
 the earth, or erovicos in bark, rocks, walls, and posts ; many 
 make silken, tubular or other nests, as well as cocoons of 
 various forms for the reception of their eggs. Some of the latter 
 are exceedingly pretty objects, those, for instance, of Agrocca 
 brunnea, p. 35, pi. ii., fig. la, &ndA.proxima, p, 36, pi. ii., fig. 7, as 
 well as those of Ero thoracica, p. 233, pi. ii., fig. 8a, and Theridion 
 fallens, p. 92, pi. ii., fig. 8. The egg cocoon of the Lycosides is either 
 globular, or flattened at the poles ; those of the Drassides, and of 
 some of the Thomisides are lenticular. The spiders which spin 
 tubular retroats are included in the group Tubitelarim, Latreille. 
 The Dysderides and Drassides bolong to this group, while those 
 which live in a cylindrical hole excavated in the earth, belong 
 to the Latreillean group Territelarice. In this last group are 
 included the various species of trap-door spiders, to which we 
 have no British representative, more nearly allied than the species 
 of Atypus (pp. 2-4, pi. ii., fig. 2). 
 
 Spiders vary greatly in their relative fertility ; and the rarity 
 of some species is probably owing to their limited fecundity. 
 Some produce a large number of eggs, others fewer ; the cocoon 
 of Agroeca brunnea contains about 40 or 50, that of Ero thoracica 
 about a dozen, while that of Oonops pulcher is said to contain 
 usually no more than two eggs. It is probable, however, that 
 the same spider may construct more than one cocoon. 
 Gossamer Spiders. 
 The use of thoir silken lines for travelling through the air 
 must not be passed over without remark. There is, I suppose, 
 no one who has not obsorvod the numerous silken lines, and 
 small, whito, flocculent, flake-like webs floating in the air — 
 especially on a fine day in early autumn. Those aro almost all 
 formod by the young of numerous species of spiders. Whenever 
 and wherever they move spiders appear to leave a bine or linos 
 behind them ; these lines trail along and adhere to every inter- 
 vening object, or else float about, higher or lower, according 
 to the density of the atmosphere ; hence their common use as 
 a local, and generally trustworthy, prognostic of the weather. 
 The flake-like form of gossamer is produced by the aggregation 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of numerous floating lines, and depends upon atmospheric con- 
 ditions, being most common in early autumn, and only in very 
 fine, settled weather. Both in autumn and spring (particu- 
 larly the latter) there appears to be a great restlessness and 
 moving about of immature spiders of many kinds, quite 
 as difficult to be fully accounted for as the migrations of 
 birds. On a bright, and tolerably still, spring morning, 
 railings, especially those fencing a causeway across water- 
 meadows and swamps (situations peculiarly prolific in spiders), 
 and the parapets of bridges, are often thronged with individuals 
 of numerous species, principally of Lycosides and Theridiides ; 
 these may be observed running up and down on the upper railing, 
 elevating themselves on tiptoe, thrusting up the abdomen, and, 
 with a small muscular effort, jerking themselves off, and float- 
 ing away in the breeze on their silken lines, which may often be 
 seen issuing from the spinners ; the lines, in the first instance no 
 doubt, are propelled from the spinner at the will of the spider, but 
 are afterwards further drawn out by the influence of the current of 
 air, and when sufficient line has been drawn out to float the 
 aeronaut he gives a little jump and sets sail. 
 
 Spiders may sometimes be found adhering to the white flakes 
 of web, or flocculi mentioned above, but this is not by any means 
 usually the case. 
 
 From the few remarks here made on this part of the subject, 
 it will be seen that the popular idea that gossamer is due to a 
 particular species of spider called the " gossamer spider" is quite 
 erroneous. 
 
 Some other uses of Silken Lines. 
 A very convenient use of the silk lines is made by one of our 
 commonest "jumping spiders," Epiblemum tcenicum, Clerck. 
 This spider is found on perpendicular walls, and always has a 
 line trailing behind it from the spinners, and adhering to the 
 surface of the wall. The spider in this situation is thus enabled 
 to leap from a considerable distance upon its prey, which it could 
 not possibly do unless it had a line to bring it back again to the 
 perpendicular surface it had left at its spring. Another use 
 
INTEODTJOTION. XXV. 
 
 of its silken line is made by a species of Ep'iira, which I have 
 observed to drop down a considerable distance, and with great 
 swiftness, upon its prey, from the snare to the ground ; im- 
 mediately again ascending with the prey in its falces, by means 
 of the line emitted in its descent. 
 
 Commercial use of Spider's Silk. 
 
 It is not probable that any use (in a commercial sense) will 
 ever be made of spider's silk; least of aU is it probable in 
 respect to British spiders. 
 
 The possibility, however, of winding, and weaving spider's 
 silk into articles of commerce is undoubted. Gloves and stock- 
 ings were made of it in France as long ago as a hundred and 
 fifty years; and quite recently — 1865-1869 — the fact has been 
 proved by Dr. Burt G. Wilder, of the Cornell University, Ithaca, 
 U.S.A. The carnivorous propensities of spiders are the great 
 hindrance to their being reared for the purpose of obtaining 
 the silk. 
 
 Are Spiders Venomous? 
 
 Among other reasons why spiders are so much neglected by 
 the common run of natural history observers, is the idea that 
 their bite is poisonous. This is, I t h i n k, certainly not the case 
 in respect to any known British spider. I have myself often 
 tested the absence of venom in some of our strongest species ; 
 and Mr. Blackwall's far more extended experiments some years 
 ago — Linn. Trans, xxi., p.p. 31-37 — were attended with a similar 
 result. There is, however, good reason to believe that in the 
 South of Europe, as well as iu the Tropics, and certainly in New 
 Zealand, there are some venomous spiders, but these are no^ 
 among the larger kinds, and the species are probably few. 
 
 In all cases of bites by spiders — as in the case of bites or 
 stings by venomous insects, scorpions, and serpents, the effect 
 of course, depends very materially on the immediate condition, 
 both of the biter and the patient. 
 
 Although, however, not generally venomous in respect to man- 
 kind, the bite of a spider is undoubtedly poisonous when inflicted 
 upon its prey. One effect of it is, probably in most cases, to 
 
XXVI. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 benumb or paralyze the insect, which, if not at once devoured, 
 remains in a state of insonsibility, and availablo as fresh food 
 for some hours, and perhaps for several days. 
 
 Differences between Mature and Immature Spiders. 
 A remark should bo mado on a point upon which every col- 
 lector and observer of spiders finds a difficulty almost as soon as 
 he begins to study them ; that is how it is to be known whether 
 the myriads, often, of spiders met with are adult (i.e., full- 
 grown) or not. It will be borne in mind that a spider under- 
 goes no metamorphosis at all ; neither complete, as in the case of 
 a butterfly or moth, which has arrived at maturity through the 
 well-marked stages of caterpillar and chrysalis ; nor incomplete 
 as among the Hemiptera (or bug tribes), and tho Orthoptera or 
 grasshopper group. A spider is a spider, with but very little 
 wanting of perfection in its general external appearance, from 
 the time of its exclusion from tho egg to its maturity. Maturity 
 is arrived at simply aftor several successive moultings of the 
 whole skin ; the only outward structural change that takes place 
 being at the final moult, when tho male spider attains its com- 
 plete armature of spinos, bristles, and hairs, according to its 
 kind, and the last (or digital) joints of the palpi, up to that time 
 tumid and homogeneous, break up into the digital joint properly so 
 called, and the curious, and more or less complex, congeries of 
 lobes, bulbs, and spines — palpal organs — tho use of which has been 
 before noticed ; the full dimensions of the logs are also some- 
 times not attained until the same period. The female spider, at 
 her last moult, merely dovolopes tho gonital aperture, with (in 
 those species to which thoy aro peculiar) its external processes, as 
 well as its internal structure. Up to this timo the aperture 
 is invisible, though (like the palpal organs of the male), it has 
 been gradually developing beneath tho cuticle. 
 
 The pattern of a spider (that is the design formed by its 
 colours and markings) differs, in goneral but very little in 
 immaturity and maturity ; excepting that it is usually more dis- 
 tinct in the young, and in female examples. Still in some species 
 there ia a very striking difference betweon tho colours and mark- 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXV11. 
 
 ings of the very young spider, and those which it attains after 
 one or two changes of skin ; Epeira diademata, Clerk., and Zilla 
 x-notata, Ibid., two of our commonest spiders, are conspicuous 
 examples of this. Practice, and careful observation only, will 
 enable the collector to pronounce, at a glance, upon the species 
 of a large proportion of very young spiders; whilo in some 
 groups the most experienced colloctor is unable to decide, with 
 any certainty, on the species until maturity is attained. 
 
 Difference in Size and Colours between the Male and 
 Female Spider. 
 
 Another difficulty in the collector's way is the great difference 
 both in size, colours, and pattern between the sexes of many 
 spiders. Excepting one spider — Argyroneta aquatica, Clerck. — all 
 those found in Great Britain have the female either equal in size, 
 or else larger than the male. The difference, however, between 
 the sexes is not, in theso northern regions carried to tho extreme 
 limits which are frequently reached in the tropics. The female 
 of Nephila ohrysogaster, Walck. (an almost universally distributed 
 tropical Epeirid) measures two inches in the length of its body, 
 while that of the male scarcely exceeds 1-1 Oth of an inch ; and is 
 less than 1-1 300th part of her weight. As an instance of great dis- 
 parity in size between the sexes of some British spiders, Misumena 
 vatia, Clerck., may be mentioned. The colours and markings 
 of the sexes differ more frequently than the size ; the spider just 
 named being a striking instance of this also. Attention is called to 
 these differences, wherever known, in the following descriptions ; 
 but in respect to new species, or to thoso spiders whose sexes are 
 not yet both ascertained, experience alone will prove the specific 
 identity of some, whose males and females may appear at first 
 sight to belong to quite distinct species. It is difficult, not to say 
 impossible, to account for very great differences in size between 
 the sexes, on any other hypothesis than that of " natural selec- 
 tion." Many Epei'rids exemplify this difference in size very strik- 
 ingly, among them the spider noted abovo — Nephila chrysogastcr 
 — is an extreme instance. It has been proved with respect to one 
 of our own commonest Epei'rids — Epeira diademata, Clerck. — and 
 
XXYIU. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 it is probably also an occasional babit with many others, that the 
 female will attack and kill, and even devour the male ; now 
 it is obvious that in her attempts to catch him, the chance of 
 escape will be in proportion to the smallness of his size and his 
 activity ; thus the larger the male (it being remombered, of course, 
 that the male is always, excepting in rare instances, the 
 smaller and weaker of the two) the greater his risk of being 
 destroyed, instead of becoming the progenitor of a future race. 
 The smaller males will therefore more commonly be the ones to 
 perpetuate themselves; and so, by a kind of "natural selec- 
 tion " this sex will become gradually less and less in size, until 
 that descending limit is reached beyond which the male would 
 not be large enough to perform the offices for which it was 
 created. That limit certainly seems to have been reached in the 
 case of the tropical spider above alluded to. The disparity 
 in size between the male and female of JSpeira diademata is also 
 very great. 
 
 It should be remarked that in measuring spiders the " length" 
 is, unless otherwiso stated, the length of the cephalo-thorax and 
 abdomen, exclusive of the falces. 
 
 Protective resemblance of Spiders to Inseots or other 
 Objects. 
 
 Another very interesting part of the study of spiders (as 
 indeed it is of all the Aktictjlata) is the way in which some 
 species resemble others, belonging often to very widely 
 separated groups of this branch of the Animal Kingdom. This 
 resemblance has been called "mimicry;" an unfoitunate term 
 as it seems to me, because it appears to imply conscious imita. 
 tion, in which, of course, no naturalist (so far as I am aware) 
 believes for a moment. The resemblance is eometimos exceed- 
 ingly close, and may be called mimetic ; but the more abstrac^ 
 phrase, " protective resemblance," expresses all that is really 
 understood by the fact, and does not seem to be liable to miscon. 
 struction. The resemblance is undoubted, and its protective effect 
 has been proved in some cases, and may be assumed in almost 
 all. The most striking instance of "resemblance" known to 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXI*. 
 
 me, among British spiders, is that of Micaria scintillans, Cambr. 
 (p. 12), found in some abundance in the Isle of Port- 
 land. This spider so nearly resembles a large ant, -which 
 abounds in the same locality, that it requires the socond look of 
 even a practised eye to be sure whether it be really the 
 spider or the ant. Tho advantage, or "protective effect," 
 afforded to the one thus resembling another, is not always 
 easy to be understood at once; it may often consist 
 in the protection from certain dangers, to which the creature 
 resembled is either not liable, or may be specially guarded 
 against; thus the ants of Portland, being of a hard and 
 horny nature may not be a favourite food for those enemies 
 which would find an agreeable morsel in the softer and more 
 succulent spider ; the latter, therefore, would deceive, and so 
 escape such enemies, from its rosemblance to the distasteful ante. 
 In other cases (and, possibly, also in the one just montioned) the 
 resemblance may give the resembler a chance of obtaining its 
 prey more easily. Thus, in the South of Africa there is (in 
 Oaffraria) a spider resembling an ant even more closely than the 
 Portland species ; the habit of this ant is to feed on the honey- 
 dew along with multitudes of insects of other orders; these 
 latter have no dread nor suspicion of the ants, which, in fact, 
 have a common object in view, and do the other insects no harm ; 
 but thon, under cover of a close resemblance to the ants, come the 
 spiders, who, unsuspected and unresisted, regale themselves at 
 thoir leisure upon the defenceless insects i* 
 
 Akin to this kind of rosomblance, is that which many spiders 
 bear to various other objocts, such as tho buds and blossoms of 
 plants, bits of lichen, small stones, and even the droppings of 
 birds ; also to the colour of the surrounding surface; whether 
 of the ground, or of the bark of trees, or of walls ; or to the 
 tints of the loaves of trees and plants, and the petals of flowers. 
 Misumena vatia (before noticed) is an example of this kind of 
 resemblance. I find this spider very commonly in the blooms 
 
 • This interesting faot has been kindly communicated to me, together 
 ■with specimens of the spidor and aut iu question, by an anthuaiastio 
 naturalist and colonist in South Africa, Mr. J. P. Mansel-Weale. 
 
XXX. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 of the great mullein — Verbascum thapsus — to which the pale 
 yellowish hues of the spider are well suited for its concealment 
 in the yellow blossoms. An allied spider— Thomisus onustus, 
 "Walck.— found here, and in the neighbourhood of Wokingham, 
 on the heather blooms, and upon some other pink flowers, is 
 beautifully tinted with pink, chiefly in its younger and feebler 
 stages. The Eev. C. W. Penny (of Wellington College, Woking- 
 ham) tells me that he has found examples of this spider on 
 yollowish blossoms, and that these examples are gonerally of a 
 yellowish hue, quite devoid of the pink colour of those found on 
 pink blooms. I am inclined to think that this is not invariable, 
 inasmuch as I have found here the more mature examples (which 
 are generally devoid of pink colouring) also on the pink heather 
 blooms. The protective resemblance of colour would not be so 
 necessary, in the above instance, for the protection of the 
 more mature as for that of the younger spiders, and there- 
 fore we might expect to find the former on flowers of any 
 colour growing where the 6piders are found; while I have 
 certainly only met with the younger, pink-coloured spiders, 
 on the pink heather blossoms. Another Thomisid — Xydicus 
 salulosus, Hahn. — so exactly resembles both in form and colour 
 the little bits of grey, yellowish, black and red-brown mottled 
 stone found on the bare patches where turf has been pared off 
 on our heaths, that until the spider moves it is almost impossible 
 to detect it. Lycosa herbigrada, Blackw., a grey spider marked 
 with black and brown markings, is another instance of exact 
 adaptation to the grey sandy heaths where it occurs; while 
 Philodromus fallax, Sund., is equally well concealed by the perfect 
 adaptation of its colouring to the dull yellowish sandy spots 
 where alone it is met with. One of our common Epei'rids 
 
 the beautiful JEpeira cucurbitim, Clerck. — found on rose and 
 
 ofter bushes, in gardens and woods, is of a clear, bright, 
 green colour, with a brightish red spot at the hinder 
 extremity of the abdomen ; this spider, when (as it often does) 
 it sits tucked up between the green shoot and the axil of the 
 leaf, looks exactly like a young bud just ready to burst. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXXI. 
 
 Another spider, abundant in many marshy places in the South 
 of England — Tibellus oblongus, Walck. — has an elongated-oval 
 hody with longish legs, and is of a uniform dull yellowish hue ; 
 it is an exceedingly active spider, and when running in autumn 
 among the dull yellowish, decaying, coarse grass and rushes, looks 
 much larger than it really is ; all of a sudden you lose sight of 
 it, and unless you are aware of its habit you are puzzled as to 
 what can of become of it, and are going to give it up as lost ; 
 but there it is close to you, stretched out at full length along the 
 exactly similarly coloured stem of grass or rush, with its first 
 and second pairs of legs put forward in a straight line, and its 
 third and fourth pairs stretched in the same way backwards, so 
 as to be scarcely distinguishable from the stem itself. In spring 
 and summer Tetragnatha externa, Linn., a greenish spider, con- 
 ceals itself in the same way along the green stems of grass 
 and rushes. Many other instances might be given, but these 
 are sufficient here to call attention to this most interesting part 
 of the study of spiders. 
 
 Enemies of Spiders. 
 
 Spiders, formed for the destruction of others, have yet them- 
 selves many enemies. They prey upon each other, as well as 
 upon all the insect tribes, and on other Arachnids. Numbers are 
 also destroyed in the young state by the Phalangides or " Harvest- 
 men." The large black and rod ant of our woods — Formica rufa 
 — also destroys them so completely, that in those localities thickly 
 inhabited by the ant, I have generally found it almost useless 
 to search for spiders. "Wasps and hornets also devour them ; as 
 as well as do birds, lizards, and other reptiles, and probably 
 many of the smaller mammalia. Some others of the Hymenop- 
 terous insects prey, parasitically, upon spiders. For instance, 
 Pompilm sepicola, E. Smith — a largo, black and red, wasp-like 
 insect — seizes some of our largest spiders — such as Trochosa ruri- 
 cola, De Geer, and T. terricola, Thor. — paralyzes them with its sting, 
 leaving them, however, still living, drags them by main force to its 
 hole in the sand, and deposits its eggs in the spider's body ; the 
 
XXX11. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 larva soonhatch, and the spider in its comatose state affords them 
 constantly fresh food, and in sufficient abundance to bring 
 them to a state of maturity. Other smaller parasitic Hymen- 
 optera deposit their eggs in the egg-cocoons of spiders; the 
 lame feeding upon the eggs of the latter. An apodous 
 (probably hymenoptorous) parasitic larva is often found adher- 
 ing to the abdomen of several species of Theridion and Liny- 
 phia. I have found it of even a larger size than the spider 
 itself, but still adhering to its abdomen. Every attempt to rear 
 the perfect insect from the parasite has hitherto failed. The 
 spider does not usually appear to be much the worse for its 
 hanger-on, though, no doubt, it must eventually be destroyed by 
 it. 
 
 Spiders frequently lose their limbs in battle, but these losses 
 are made up for by the power of reproducing the lost member ; 
 they have also the power, when held by the leg, of throwing off a 
 joint, or even the whole limb, by means of a violent muscular 
 effort ; and thus often effoct their escape ; judging, no doubt, 
 that " it is better to lose some than all." 
 
 Drought, as well as excess of wet, but more especially the 
 former, and unseasonable weather of all kinds, have a strong 
 effect in reducing the numbers of many spiders. Some speeios, 
 found in marshy places, are so susceptible of injury from lack of 
 moisture, that they cannot be carried alive in a chip-box for 
 more than an hour or two, unless a small portion of damp moss 
 be placed with them in the box. Others, on the contrary, appear 
 to thrive best on the most arid spots, and in the hottest sun. As 
 a rule, however, spiders aro " thirsty souls," constantly requiring 
 water to drink. Doubtless they imbibe the dew drops when other 
 sources of moisture fail. 
 
 Affection of Spiders for their Eggs and Young. 
 
 Great attachment is shown for their young by many spiders. 
 Some species of Clubiona, perhaps all of them, tend upon their 
 young, brooding over them as a hen does over her chickens, 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 until they are old enough to separate and find their own living. 
 The young of Atypus piceus (p. 2) live with their mother in their 
 tubular abode, for a considerable time aftor they are hatched ; 
 coming out at times for air and exorcise, and fod by insects 
 brought into the tube by their parent. At least, so I conclude, 
 from having found the debris of beetles and earwigs in the tube 
 along with the young brood of spidors. Many (probably all) of 
 the Lycosides show great affection for thoir egg cocoons, which 
 they bear about attached to the spinners ; and, if doprived of 
 them, search anxiously about, eagerly seizing the cocoon when 
 found, and again and again doing so if it be repeatedly taken from 
 them. These spiders also carry their young on their backs, until 
 old enough to shift for themselves. A mishapen, fluffy-looking 
 little brownish lump may often bo aeon running about among 
 the grass and herbage ; but, on an attompt to take hold of it, 
 suddenly the lump breaks up into scores of minute spiders, which 
 hastily disperse in all directions; the now shrunkon mother 
 remaining quietly until the panic is over and her brood again 
 gathered round her. A pretty little Thoridion, T. bimaculatum, 
 Linn. (p. 91), likewise carries its egg-cocoon about, suspended 
 between the legs, and only relinquishes it when force is used, 
 regaining it quickly, if possible. Although in many, perhaps 
 most, instances the males and females live separate lives, yet in 
 some cases they live amicably togother — for instance, the two 
 sexes of Agelena labyrinthica (p. 67, pi. i., fig. 1) may be found 
 in great amity together in their tubular retroat. So also those 
 of Meta segmentata, Clk., Linyphia marginata, 01k., and others 
 inhabit the same web when adult. 
 
 Duration of a Spider's Life. 
 
 The length of life among spiders is evidently very varied. It 
 is probable that some specios arrive at maturity in a few weeks 
 after being hatched ; others, particularly those which hybernate 
 during the winter months, require a very much longer period — 
 jn some cases perhaps more than a year ; and it is probable also 
 
XXXIV. INTKODTTOTION. 
 
 that, as a rule, the life of a spider soon closes when its eggs are 
 laid, or its young hatched and able to shift for themselves. In 
 most cases the males disappear very quickly after the impregna- 
 tion of the females ; but without a doubt some of our house- 
 spiders— as Tegenaria and Amaurobius — will, under favourable 
 circumstances, live for more than one season, perhaps for even 
 several years. Mr. Blackwall states (Spid. Great Brit and Irel., 
 p. 8) that Tegenaria civilis, and Segestria senoculata have been 
 proved to live for four years. The subject, however, of the 
 duration of life among spiders is involved in much obscurity, 
 owing to the difficulty of making any trustworthy observations 
 upon it. 
 
 Classification of Spiders. 
 
 This portion of the subject must not bo passed over, though 
 it cannot be gone into at any great length. 
 
 One of the first things that a Natural History collector desires 
 to knowsomething about is, how to arrange scientifically the objects 
 of his study. Now, in respect to spiders, there is, of course, the 
 same basis of classification, as there is in regard to every other 
 Natural group. Form, structure, colours, and markings, and, in a 
 lesser degree, size, are the chief characters upon which all classifica- 
 tion is based. The true spiders — Araneidca — form a remarkably 
 homogoneous group of tho Great Branch of the Animal Kingdom 
 — Articulata ; and constitute one out of the seven orders of the 
 class Arachnida. 
 
 The basis of the classification of spiders has already been 
 touched upon, in defining what a spider is, and in distinguishing 
 it as well from insects, as from the members of the collateral 
 orders — Acaridea, Phalangidea, and Scorpionidea. It will suffice, 
 therefore, to diagnose shortly tho Arachnida generally, and the 
 order Araneidoa, which we are at present treating upon. 
 Perhaps the following diagram will be useful, as giving a 
 general idea of tho whole subject : — 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Branch ARTICULATA. 
 
 Class I. | Anndidcs or Anarthropoda. 
 
 Condylopoda or 
 Arthropoda. 
 
 Subclass : I. Insects. II. Myriapoda. III. ARACHNIDA. IV. Crustacea. 
 
 Orders ; i. Acaridea. ii. Pycnogonidca. iii. Fhalangidea. iv. Solpugidea. 
 v. Scorpionidea. vi. Thelyphonidea. vii. ARANEIDEA. 
 
 Araohnida. — Not subject to metamorphosis, but developed by 
 successive moultings of the skin. Organs of locomotion, 
 eight. Body, in general, divided into two principal parts, 
 Cephalo-thorax and Abdomen; in some groups the abdomen is 
 divided into more or less distinct segments, but in such cases no 
 organs of locomotion are ever attached to them. Respiration 
 (where distinct organs exist) is either tracheal, sac-trachea!, or 
 the two co-existent. 
 
 Coming now at once to the order Araneidea, we have the two 
 parts of the body, CcpJialo-thorax and Abdomen, always quite 
 distinct from each other. The former, by its converging 
 lateral indentations, shows unmistakeable traces of pristine 
 segmentation ; the latter, occasionally showing the same by 
 transverse folds in the integment near the posterior extremity ; 
 excepting in these respects the cuticle of both is continuous. 
 Palpi, in males, used in copulation ; and especially developed, at 
 their terminal joint, for that purpose; in females tho palpi are 
 simple, and generally terminate with a single claw. Legs always 
 furnished with two, or three, terminal tarsal claws. Respiration, 
 both tracheal and sac-tracheal. 
 
 By the above characters spiders are at once separated from all 
 other Arachnids, as well as from Insects, Myriapods, and Crusta- 
 ceans. 
 
XXXVI. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The first subdivision of the Araneidea, necessary to he noted 
 here, is into Families. By some authors a previous subdivision is 
 made into Suborders; but, -whatever scientific truth there may be in 
 Suborders generally, the whole group of spiders is too homogeneous, 
 practically, to need it, or, perhaps, indeed to admit, scientifically 
 speaking, of such a primary subdivision. Mr. Blackwall divided 
 the Araneidea into three Tribes. One ( OctonoculinaJ characterized 
 by possessing eight eyes ; another fSenoculinaJ having six eyes ; 
 the third (Binoculina) with two eyes. But, although this sub- 
 division may seem to possess a certain amount of practical 
 convenience, it sets at defiance almost all the other categories 
 of generic characters ; bringing together spiders widely different 
 in every other respect excepting in the mere number of 
 the eyes ; and- separating as widely other spiders of close 
 and undoubted affinity to each other, differing only in that 
 number. Equally untenable, as a basis of scientific classification, 
 although of very great interest, are the different kinds of snares, 
 upon which Latreille (followed since by others) based his 
 subordinal groups, some of which, Orbitelaria and Retitelaria, 
 have already been noticed. 
 
 Passing over, then, such primary groups as those above men- 
 tioned, Families are characterized according to various modifica- 
 tions of general form, as well as by some few common, but 
 peculiar, structural details, occasionally supplemented by habits 
 and modes of life. Next to Families come the Genera. These 
 are groups, characterized by the ultimate details of the structure 
 of various parts, including the form and relative dimensions of 
 the Cephalo-thorax and Abdomen, Legs, Maxillae, and Labium ; 
 sometimes also of the Falces ; more rarely the armature of the 
 legs ; and, always, the number, relative size, and position of the 
 eyes. 
 
 There is hardly any need to remark that, although it is usually 
 implied (and most commonly it is the fact) that a Family is a group 
 of Genera ; just as a Genus is a group of Species ; yet a Family, 
 a Genus, aad a Species may be (and have often been, among 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXXVU- 
 
 exotic spiders) based upon a single individual ; for, after all, the 
 "individual," whethor it be a spider or any other living creature, 
 is the sole reality in nature ; and nocessarily possesses in itself 
 all the characters upon which classification is based, be they 
 Family, Generic, or Specific. The names, therefore, given to the 
 various groups or divisions recognized in classification, are 
 merely convenient abstractions denoting the different relations of 
 individuals, or groups of individuals, to each other. 
 
 The specific characters, or those by -which Species are 
 characterized, now only remain to be noted. They are 
 those of size and colour, and the pattern formed by its 
 distribution ; also slight differences in the rolative sizes and 
 position of the eyes ; the height and form of the clypeus ; 
 as well as the relative length of the legs, and their 
 special armature. In some groups of spiders the comparative 
 length, breadth, and depth of the cephalo -thorax is a valuable 
 specific character ; so are also its normal indentations, as well 
 as the strioe and punctures when present. In all adult 
 male spidors the palpi (especially the projections or apophyses, 
 when present, on the different joints) and the palpal organs, 
 by their varying structure, afford the most trustworthy of all 
 characters for distinguishing species, even when in other 
 respocts the differences may be exceedingly slight ; and in almost 
 all female spiders (when adult) the form and structure of the 
 genital aperture give us some of the best characters for distin- 
 guishing the species, in that sex, of nearly alliod spiders. 
 
 Species, then, are groups of individuals, in each of which the 
 above characters called specific come together. Occasionally, how- 
 ever, individuals are found in which all the specific characters 
 meet, excepting one or two of the least value, such as size and 
 colour, and occasionally pattern. These constitute varieties. 
 
 The subject of classification, being practically exemplified in 
 each of the ensuing descriptions of spiders, need not be further 
 gone into here. 
 
2CXXV111. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Mode of Capture, and Preservation. 
 
 Our Introductory Chapter on Spiders would scarcely be com- 
 plete without a few words on this subject. 
 
 The study of spiders is, peculiarly suited to persons of 
 a sedentary habit, or to those who may love natural history pur- 
 suits, but do not desire to form a collection. In this respect the 
 observing of spidors possesses an advantage over the observation 
 of the insect tribes in general, inasmuch as spiders are more 
 stationary, and when found out in their hole, corner, or web, do 
 not escape observation by flight ; but require only patience in 
 the observer to unfold much of their history and economy. The 
 Collector often debars himself from the discovery of many a fact 
 in the habits and life of the object of his search, by anxiety to 
 add to his collection, and fear lest the specimen should escape. 
 Still there are many points that can only be ascertained by a 
 close study and examination of the object itself ; and, especially 
 in regard to spiders, tho scrutiny of those often minute, but 
 important, structural and other characters upon which the deter- 
 mination of their species and systematic position depend is 
 imperative, and hence it is absolutely necessary both to capture, 
 and to preserve specimens. 
 
 Probably the difficulty of making pretty cabinet objects of 
 spiders has, in some measure, hindered their being studied and 
 collected as commonly as the insect orders. But, premising here 
 that this difficulty can be, in a great degree, overcome, it will 
 be well to say a word first about their capture (on the well- 
 known principle of " First catch your hare.") 
 
 First then it ought to be an axiom with the spider-collector 
 never to handle a spider with the fingers if it can possibly be 
 avoided ; because they can scarcely bo handled without great 
 danger of breaking off the legs, or destroying the hairs, bristles f 
 and spines with which most of thorn are more or less furnished. 
 To break off these is to deprive oneself of one of the best 
 characters for the determination of the spider ; not to mention 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXXIX 
 
 that the colours and markings ofton depend on the hairs, and 
 hairy pubescence with which the cephalo-thorax and abdomen 
 are frequently clothed, and which always show sad traces of 
 destruction after contact with the fingers. The only spiders that 
 may be caught without much dangor of injury in this way are 
 the very minute ones (especially of tho genera Ntridne and 
 Walchnaera) upon which the wetted forefinger may bo lightly 
 placed ; the moisture causes them to adhere to the finger long 
 enough for immersion in the small phial of spirit of wine carried 
 in the waistcoat pocket. Spiders may be boxed (separately of 
 course) in small pill boxes ; a drop of chloroform stupifies them, 
 and they can then be examined, and rejected if not wanted, or 
 at once plaoed in the spirit phial, if required for the collection ; 
 but the most convenient method of capturing a spider is to placo 
 over it an empty test tube (one of % to $- of an inch in diameter and 3 
 inches long is a good goneral size for most British spiders) ; the 
 spider instantly runs up the tube (or may be made to do so), tho 
 fore-finger than closes the mouth temporarily, and on inversion of 
 the tube over the open mouth of tho spirit phial, the spider drops 
 down at once, and the matter is concluded. Ordinary methylated 
 spirit is the best fluid for both killing and preserving spiders ; 
 but for the latter purpose (as the spirit is usually about 50 or 60 
 degrees above proof) it should be diluted with about one-fifth 
 or one-sixth part of distilled water, otherwise it is apt, after a 
 time, to corrugate the integument of small and delicate spiders. 
 
 Those spiders which are found running or jumping about on 
 the ground, or on walls or trunks of trees can be easily caught 
 thus, by means of a test tube, with a very little practice ; for 
 othors, which frequent low herbage, a sweeping net (such as 
 those used by Entomologists) must bo employed ; and for those 
 which live on bushes or boughs of trees, there is nothing better 
 than a very large umbrella into which the boughs may be beaten ; 
 and, whether in the net or umbrella, the pill-box or tube will have 
 to be employed for tho transfer of the spiders to the spirit bottle. 
 When the day's collecting is done tho contents of this bottle 
 must be separated into tubes of different sizes, according to 
 
xl. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 their genera and species. This can most conveniently he done 
 hy turning out the whole contents of the hottle into the cover of 
 a potted-meat pot, or into a saucer. The spiders should then 
 he separated and placed in the tubes by means of a pair of very 
 fine-pointed and elastic forceps, each spider being taken up by a 
 single leg ; the tube is then filled up with clean spirit, a plodgot 
 of cotton wool is placed firmly in its mouth with the forceps, 
 together with a small parchment label on which (if the label 
 be large enough) the name of the spider is written ; or else 
 a number is inserted in figures, referring to a note book 
 wherein notes of locality or habits, &c, are written. The tube 
 thus filled and stopped is then placed, in an inverted position, in 
 a larger, wide-mouthed bottle, capable of holding several species, 
 or perhaps a whole genus ; this wide-mouthed bottle is partly 
 filled with spirit, corked, or stopped with a glass stopper, and 
 has a large label outside on which the name of the genua, and 
 species, or perhaps merely the number of the tube may be placed, 
 so as to show its contents and facilitate reference. A larger 
 pair of forceps, with broad flattened points, is necessary for 
 placing the tubes in the bottle, and for taking them out when 
 the spiders are required for examination. 
 
 Spiders preserved after the above method are certainly not 
 objects of beauty, like a collection of moths or butterflies ; for 
 though the colours and markings are usually well enough pre- 
 served the legs are often crumpled up a good deal. To the 
 " Goodness gracious" sort of naturalists they are by no means 
 acceptable. The only remark my collection elicited from one of 
 this kind was, " "What a lot of bottles ! " A little extra trouble, 
 however, in the preparation of a spider will render it worth 
 noticing even by indifferent persons. When stupified with 
 chloroform or killed by a short immersion in spirit, the spider 
 should be placed on a piece of cork fixed to a thin layer of lead i 
 a few pins at various points (not through the spider, but between 
 the legs and outside the body) will keep it in a natural position ; 
 the whole is then placed in a clean, empty jar or basin (a pre- 
 served-meat pot is one of the best receptacles I know of), 
 
INTRODUCTION. xli. 
 
 sufficient spirit is poured in to immerse the spider, and the cover 
 is put on. In a fortnight or so the action of the spirit will, if it 
 be pretty strong, have stiffened the specimen, which must then 
 be placed carefully in a tube sufficiently largo to receive it with, 
 out too much compression of the logs ; a small strip of white 
 card should bo slipped in behind it, the tube bo filled with spirit 
 and corked (or, better still, stoppod with a pledget of cotton 
 wool) and inverted in a larger bottle, as recommended above. 
 The spider's namo may also be written on paper or parchment, 
 and insorted in tho tube. Preparod this way, and ranged on 
 narrow shelves, tho spiders may be seen without removing the 
 tubes from the bottles, and prosent a very neat and sightly 
 appearance even to the most indifferent observer. 
 
 Where to Look for Spiders. 
 
 The places in which spiders aro to be found may be gathered 
 from the numerous references to localities and habitat in the 
 following pages. It need only, thereforo, bo remarked here that 
 no situation, wet or dry, high or low, should be left unsearched. 
 In the winter and spring months moss and dobris of all kinds, 
 such as heaps of grass, cut rushes, fern, dead leaves, brush-wood, 
 and decaying faggots, should bo carefully searched, shaking out 
 thoso various materials upon a nowspapor, when many a rare 
 species of Neriene or Walclccnaera, as well as some kinds of 
 Drassidcs and others, soldom met with elsewhere, will be found. 
 As spring advances and summer comes on, spiders, as a rule, 
 leave their winter haunts and got up upon tho bushes and trees, 
 and among rushes, grass, and other horbago of all kinds, when tho 
 sweeping net and umbrella, as above recommended, will come 
 into requisition. At all times of tho year spiders conceal them- 
 selves under stones, logs of wood, old bark, ivy stems, and other such 
 shelter ; while many species, especially tho adult males, may be 
 found running upon tho surface of tho ground, disporting them- 
 solves on walls, troo trunks, posts, and rails, or running on the 
 uppermost bar of iron fencing. Old buildings, collars, and 
 
xlii. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 unused rooms are also the habitat of some peculiar species. In 
 fact, wherever insect-life can penetrate, spiders of one kind or 
 another are sure to be found; and, as in all other Natural 
 History pursuits, the keenest eye, the most dexterous fingers, 
 and the most unwearied toil and patience, will bring the greatest 
 number of rarities to the Araneologist. 
 
CLASS— AKACHNIDA. 
 
 Order — Araneidea (or True Spiders) 
 
 FAMILY— THERAPHOSIDES 
 
 HE only British representatives of this family are 
 rather aborrant from tho general type ; still it will not 
 be out of place to give some few details of it including, 
 as it does, the Giants of the Spider Tribes, as well as some others 
 (notably the Trap-door Spider) of very great interest. Almost 
 all are either " tropical "or " subtropical." They aro generally 
 of robust build, more or less covered with coarse hairs and 
 pubescenco, and of an uniform dull hue. With one exception, 
 they have eight eyes ; those are groupod, in general, on a some- 
 what raised tuberculif orm plateau on the fore part of tho caput. 
 The f alces are articulated horizontally, and have a vertical, or up- 
 and-down movement. The cephalo-thorax is broad, but usually 
 flattened above, with very strongly marked converging indenta- 
 tions, especially that at the thoracic junction. The abdomen has, 
 on its under side, a quadrangle of more or less bare, roundish, 
 patches, two on eithor side towards the fore extromity ; each of 
 these patchos has a transverse slit or oponing bohind it, forming 
 the entrance to the spiracular, or breathing organs. The spinners 
 are four or six in number, and frequently two of them are 
 of extra length, turning upwards and backwards ovor the hinder 
 parts of the abdomen. Examples of this family occur in South 
 America, reaching the great expanse of ten inches from tip to 
 tip of the outstretched legs ; the body itself (that is, the cephalo- 
 thorax and abdomen) measuring throe inches in length. 
 
GENUS ATYPUS, Latreille. 
 
 The genus Atyput may be known at once by the enormous 
 development of the falces. The caput is greatly elevated, while 
 the thoracic portion is depressed. The eyes are seated trans- 
 versoly in three groups on a small prominonco at the summit of 
 the caput; the central group consists of two eyes in a transverse line, 
 and has another on each side of it, consisting of three, in the form 
 of a small triangle. The maxilla) are considerably elongated 
 and divergent, the labium small and subcorneal. The abdomen 
 is small, almost semi-globular, and the spinners are six in 
 number ; the superior pair of theso are much the longest, very 
 strong, three-jointed, and upturned. Digital joint of male 
 palpus narrow, and scarcely concavo ; papal organs simple. 
 
 Three species only are as yet known in Great Britain. All 
 these have been found in Dorsetshire, and may be included 
 among our larger spiders. Legs, 4.1.2.3. 
 
 ATYPUS PICEUS. 
 
 Akaxea riCEA, Sulzcr., Gesch., d., Ins., p. 254, tab. xxx., 
 
 fig. 2. 
 Atyptjs Sulzeki, Latr., Blackw., Spiders of Great Britain and 
 Ireland, p. 14, pi. 1, fig. 1. 
 ,, AFFims, Eichw, Cambr., Trans., Linn, Soc. xxx., p. 320. 
 ,, i'iceus, Suh., Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. II., s. 4, xvi., p. 
 238, pi. viii., fig. 2, and s. 5 i, p. IOC. 
 
 Two adult males of this spider wore found at Bloxworth 
 about twenty years ago, and remained, until very latety, 
 tlio solo representatives of that sex found in Great Britain 
 The deep black and brown colour of the male, and the for- 
 midable and powerful falces of both sexes, make it a very 
 striking sjjider. Aiypus is the only genus of the family found 
 
in these northern parts of Europe ; the curious trap-door nests, 
 so popular in all works upon insect-architecture, belong to two 
 other genera — Nemesia and Cteniza — possessing numerous repre- 
 sentatives in the South of Europe. 
 
 The present spider forms a silken tube in a deep cylindrical 
 hole in the earth, of its own excavation, and generally near the 
 projecting ledgo of a grass-grown or heathy bank. The upper 
 end of the tube, to the length of two inches, of ten hangs over loosely 
 on the surface, but sometimes it is erect among the herbage, and 
 has an inflated appearance ; this last is generally a sure sign 
 that the owner is at home. No aperture is discernible ; this may 
 be either from the extremity possessing a kind of elasticity by 
 which the mouth of the tube closes of its own accord, after the 
 entrance or exit of the inhabitant ; or perhaps the mouth is 
 secured by the spider after entering the tube, and spinning itself up 
 in the same way that the tube is formed ; this closing operation 
 would take but a few minutes, judging at least from the effects 
 I have observed of a very few moments' use of their spinners in 
 confinement. 
 
 Monsieur Eugene Simon (of Paris) considers that the food of 
 this spider (which is abundant in France) consists mainly, if not 
 wholly, of earthwo/ms ; nests, however, of the female, found in 
 tolerable plenty near Ventnor, in the Isle of Wight, contained a 
 considerable quantity of the shells, and other remains, of beetles 
 and earwigs. Although found in other, and widely distant, parts 
 of England, Atypus piceus must be considered a rare and local 
 spider. Since writing the above I have discovered a strong 
 colony of this spider under a heathy ledge on Bloxworth Heath. 
 
 The male measures about one-third of an inch in length ; its 
 falces and cephalo -thorax are deep black-brown ; the logs and 
 palpi dark brown, the former paler at their extremities; the 
 abdomen is dark brown, with a large, nearly black, oblong-oval 
 coriaceous patch at tho fore-part of the upper side. The female 
 measures half an inch or more in length, and has the cephalo- 
 thorax and falces of a brownish olive, and tho abdomen of a 
 somewhat purplish brown colour. 
 
ATYPUS BLACKWALLII, 
 
 Atypus Blackwallii, Sim., Cambr., Ann., and Mag. N. H., 
 Octr., 1875, s. 4, vol. xvi., p. 241. 
 This species is nearly allied to the foregoing, and closely 
 resembles it in general form, size, and colours. It may be 
 distinguished, among other characters, by the crushed-in appear- 
 ance of the falces at their base on the inner sides. Two British 
 examples only have been recorded, and one of these was found 
 by myself at Portland, near Pennsylvania Castle, some years ago. 
 The above examples have been examined and determined by 
 M. Simon ; I must, however, confess to some doubt in regard 
 to the goodness of the species, or at any rate in respect to the 
 identity of these examples with the French types. 
 
 ATYPUS BECKII, 
 
 Atyptjs beckii, Cambr., Ann, and Mag., N. H., s. 4, vol. xvi. 
 p. 242, pi. viii., fig. 1. 
 A female of this spider, which is very like A.piceus, Sulz., in its 
 general appearance and colours, was found some years ago at 
 Portland, near Pennsylvania Castle. It may be distinguished by 
 its rather larger size, as well as by the more abrupt slope of 
 the hinder part of the caput, and by the eyes forming a longer 
 and rather narrower transverse area, on a rather more projecting 
 and more pointed prominence. An adult male, presenting much 
 more strongly-marked differential characters than the female, 
 was given to me by the late Mr. Eichard Beck (of 31, Cornhill, 
 London), by whom it was found near Hastings. 
 
 It is not improbable that this spider will be found eventually 
 to be identical with A. piceus Ausserer, a spider which I have not 
 yet had an opportunity of examining. 
 
FAMILY— DYSDERLDES. 
 
 >£^yEIS family, comprising five genera, may be easily die- 
 (fl>? tinguished among our known indigenous British spiders, 
 I&&J as (excepting one other spider, Scytodes tlwraeica Latr., of 
 greatrarity the sole possessors of six eyes; and alsoby the possession 
 of four spiracular openings ; the position of these openings is, how- 
 ever, rather different from that of the last family, in which the two 
 on each side are widely separated from each other, while here they 
 are close together near tho fore extremity of the under side of the 
 abdomen. The falces are articulated either on an inclined plane 
 or vertically, and have a more or less lateral (or from side to 
 side) movement. This lateral movement is indeed, so far as is 
 known, the mode of articulation of the falces all the Aranoidea, 
 excepting some of the present family, and the Theraphosides. 
 The digital joint of the male palpus, and tho palpal organs, 
 strongly resemble, in their general character, those of the Thera- 
 phosides. 
 
 GENUS DYSDEEA, Latr. DYSDEEA, Blackw. (in part). 
 
 This genus comprises but two species as yet known to be British, 
 both of them occurring in this county. They are among our 
 largest spiders, and may be known at once by their dark reddish 
 liver-coloured cephalo-thorax, prominent falces, dull reddish 
 orange-yellow legs, and uniformly dull clay-yellow, somewhat 
 cylindrical, abdomen, almost destitute of hairs. The eyes are six 
 in number, disposed, close to the fore extremity of the caput, in 
 the form of a horse-shoe, whoso open side is in front. Each 
 tarsus ends with two curved claws, 
 
6 
 
 DYSDERA CAMBRIDGII, 
 Dysdera cambridgii, Thorell, Syn. Eur. Spid., p. 455. 
 Dysdera erythrina, Blacho., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 370, pi. xviii, fig. 266. 
 This spider is found, but rarely, in old buildings, among damp 
 moss, and at the roots of heather at Bloxworth, but is very abundant 
 near Pennsylvania Castle, Portland, under stones and detached 
 pieces of rock; in such situations, as well as in cracks and 
 crevices of the earth, it dwells, and spins a thin silken tube. 
 The length of the female is very nearly or quite half an inch, 
 while the male is rather smaller. Legs, 1.4.2.3. 
 
 DYSDERA CROCOTA. 
 
 Dysdera crocota, C. Koch, Die Arachn. V., p. 81, pi. 166, 
 fig. 392-394. 
 ,, rijbicunda, Blachw., Spid. GreatBrit. and Irel., p. 371. 
 pi. xviii., fig. 268. 
 Vory nearly allied to B. Camlridgii, which it resembles closely 
 in colours, but is usually rather larger ; the falces of the male 
 are stronger, and the form of the palpal organs is different ; in 
 the present species they terminate with a prominence on either 
 side, forming an obliquely-transverse portion, which is entirely 
 wanting in B. Cambridgii ; the basal portion is also of a much 
 more globular form. 
 
 Found occasionally in the Island of Portland under stones ; 
 and once in an old building at Bloxworth. 
 
 GENUS HAEPACTES, Templeton. DYSDEEA, Bl. (in part). 
 
 Harpades is very nearly allied to Bysdera, but may be dis- 
 tinguished by a more pointed caput, and three, instead of two, 
 terminal tarsal claws ; the oyes also form nearly an unbroken 
 circle, owing to the noar proximity to each other, of the two 
 foremost ones. One species only is known in Britain, and that 
 one is frequont in Dorsetshire. Logs, 1.4.2,3. 
 
HARPACTES HOMBERGII. 
 
 Dysdera homberqii, Scop., Blackw., Spid., Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 371, pi. xxviii, fig. 268. 
 A common spider, in most localities, underneath, the loose and 
 decaying bark of trees, under stones, and among old faggots 
 and firewood. I have also found it not unfroquently among 
 moss and grass, and at the roots of heather at Bloxworth. It is 
 of a slender and attenuated form ; its legs are yellowish brown, 
 annulated with red brown; the cephalo-thorax dark blackish 
 red-brown, and the abdomen of a dull brownish clay-colour, 
 paler just above the spinners. The length of the female is 
 about one-fourth of an inch, and the male is rather smaller and 
 slenderer. 
 
 GENUS SEGESTRIA, Latr. 
 
 The Genus Segestria may be distinguished from both Dysdera 
 and Harpactes by a totally different position of its six eyes; 
 theso are here placed in three groups : one pair (in a transverso 
 line) in the centre, and another pair (in a longitudinal line) on 
 oach sido, at a little distance from the central group. The 
 terminal tarsal claws are three in number. Legs, 1.2.4.3. Three 
 species are known as British, two only being found in Dorset- 
 shire. 
 
 SEGESTRIA SENOCULATA, 
 
 Seqestria senooulata, Linn. ; Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 374, pi. xxviii., fig. 270. 
 
 This fine spider is found under stones at Portland, and also 
 at Bloxworth, and in many other localities, under loose bark, 
 enclosed in a thin tubular web. I have also found it snugly 
 domiciled between the hinder part of a gate and the post, 
 when the gate had not been opened for some little time. It 
 may easily be known by the back of the abdomen bearing a 
 resemblance in its markings to the back of an adder, being 
 
8 
 
 ornamented with a longitudinal series of connoctod, irrogularly- 
 diamond-shapod, blackish patchos on a greyish buff ground. 
 The remainder of the upper surface, togethor with the sides 
 and undersides, are also generally marked and spotted with dark 
 blackish brown. The palpal organs of the male are of a 
 simple pyriform shape, attached to the digital joint by the larger 
 or bulbous end, and drawn out gradually into a very fine, sharp, 
 simple point at the other end. The length of the female often 
 reaches nearly half an inch, but the male is much smaller and the 
 relative length of its legs diffors from that of the female, being 
 1.2.3.4., those of the third pair are vory slightly longer than the 
 fourth, and the metatarsi and tarsi of the two first pairs are curved 
 throughout with spines. 
 
 SFttESTRIA BAVARICA. 
 
 Seoestria b. varica, U. Koch, Die Arachn, vol. x, p. 93, pi. 
 351, fig. 818, and Westr. Aranero Suec, p. 298. 
 
 This spider is exceedingly like S. senoculata ; it is, however, 
 larger — the male measuring 3J lines in length, and the female 
 5£ lines. Among the distinguishing characters the following will 
 serve to separate it without difficulty. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is much more densely clothed with short 
 grey hairy pubescence, and the abdomen also is more thickly 
 clothed with grey hairs, considerably obscuring their colours and 
 markings. 
 
 The spines on the metatarsi of the first three pairs of legs 
 are much fewer ; a single spine only, beneath the posterior 
 extremity of those of the first and second pairs. 
 
 The radial joint of the male palpus is less stout, though 
 perhaps a trifle longer in proportion to the length of the 
 cubital. 
 
 The palpal bulb is of the same general pear-shape, but 
 whereas in S. senoculata the bulb goes off very gradually into a 
 long slender stem, whose extremity is curved and almost hair- 
 like, in S. Bavarica it goes off rather abruptly into the stem 
 
9 
 
 which is also shortor, less attenuated, its extremity 
 stouter, and less curved, and also, closo to its termination, there 
 is a small prominent sharp point, giving it a bifid appearance. 
 
 This fine addition to our list of British Spiders was kindly 
 sent to me from Glanvilles Wootton by Mr. C. W. Dale, in 
 October, 1877 ; this is, therefore, its first record as a British 
 spider. Probably its similarity to S. senoculata may have caused 
 it to be mistaken for that species, and thus to have been 
 hitherto overlooked. 
 
 GENUS OONOPS, Templeton. 
 
 The Gonus Oonops (as its namo suggosts) may bo known by 
 its large egg-shaped eyes. These are closely grouped in 
 three pairs, as in Sege&tria, but the pairs are all con- 
 tiguous to each other, instead of being (as in that Genus) 
 pretty widely separated. The lege are moderatoly long and 
 slender — 4.1.2.3. The epiracular openings in the typical 
 species are very difficult to be seen. M. Simon haB indeed ques- 
 tioned whether it possesses more than two. I believe that I 
 can discern four, bu t if it should prove to be the case that there 
 are only two, tho Genus Oonops will perhaps havo to be removed 
 from the Family Dysderides. Only one species is as yet known 
 in Britain, and that one is found, not unfrequently, in Dorsetshire. 
 
 OONOPS PULCHER. 
 
 Oonops pulcher, Tempi,, Blackw. Spid. Great Brit, and Irol., 
 p. 377, pi. xxix., fig. 271. 
 A very small, bright brickish-red-coloured, and very 
 active spider. The female measures no more (indeed 
 generally rather less) than one line in length, and tho male is 
 smaller. It is of a rather elongate form, and the fore part of the 
 caput is somewhat pointed. The palpal organs are very similar in 
 form to those of Segestria senoculata. The tibia) and meta- 
 tarsi of the legs are armed on the underside with two parallel rows 
 of long, strong, and generally sessile, spines, but the spider has the 
 
io 
 
 power of raising and depressing them ; those on the first and 
 second pairs are the most noticeable. 
 
 Found, though rarely, among lichens on trees, and occasionally 
 inside dwellinghouses at Bloxworth. It occurs more abundantly 
 (in the immaturo state) in autumn under stones noar Pennsyl- 
 vania Castle, Portland. It is not adult until tho spring. The 
 six large oval pearly oyos are a vory striking object through 
 even an ordinary magnifying glass. 
 
FAMILY— DEASSIDES. 
 
 j HE Drassides include most of the numerous eonibre- 
 colourod, somewhat elongate spiders, with a usually 
 rather depressed cephalo-thorax, which one often sees 
 hastily escaping on the lifting up of a large stone, block of 
 wood, or piece of loose bark. Some, however, are found 
 on shrubs and plants, and one I have never met with 
 excepting indoors — D-rassus Blachwallii Thor. Few of them, 
 excepting those of the Genus Micaria, possess any bright 
 colouring, or very distinct pattern. They are mostly hairy' 
 but not, in general, long-haired ; the legs are of moderate length, 
 usually pretty robust, and armed with spines ; the tarsi have 
 two terminal claws. The eyes are eight in number, and dis- 
 posed in four pairs, or two transverse curved lines, at the fore 
 extremity of the caput. 
 
 GENUS MICARIA, C. L. Koch, DRASSUS Blackw. in part. 
 
 The Genus Micaria is a curious instance of a small well-marked 
 group of most brilliantly adorned spiders among numerous others, 
 nearly all, of the most sombre hues. The spiders of this Genus are 
 small, and have th» abdomen, and often other parts also, more 
 or less thickly-covered with scale-like hairs rofleotiug bright 
 metallic tints of green, purplo, and gold. They resemblo ants 
 very closely in their slender attenuate forms, and are exceed- 
 ingly aotive, running abroad in the brightest sunshine. The 
 eyes are small, and placed in two nearly parallel curved rows, not 
 differing much in length, and the convexity of the curve 
 directed backwards. Two speoies only aro known as yet in 
 Britain ; both of them are found in Dorsetshire, and, indeed, 
 one of them is up to the present time peculiar to tho county, 
 and has not yet been found on tho continent. 
 
12 
 
 MICARIA PULICARIA. 
 
 Clttdiona puxioaria, Sund., Sv. Spindl., Beskr. in Vet-Akad, 
 Handl., 1231, p. 140. 
 
 Dhassus nitens, Blachc, Spid; Great Brit, and Irol., p. 119, 
 pi. vi, fig. 73. 
 
 Tho female of this brilliant little spider measures rather less 
 than two lines in length, the male being smaller and of a more 
 slender form. It is by no means rare under stones and among 
 the dead sticks, decayed leaves, stoms, and mosses of old hedge- 
 rows at Bloxworth. Besides being adorned with numerous 
 iridescent scaly hairs reflecting golden, red, green, and purple 
 hues from a black ground colour, tho cephalo-thorax has some lines 
 on the sides, formed by whito hairs, and converging to tho thoracic 
 indentation, while tho abdomen has also various similar white lines 
 and spots upon it. These linos on tho abdomen are sometimes 
 obsolete, excepting one spot just above the spinners ; this variety 
 forms the Drassus micans, Bl. (I.e. p. 118, pi. vi., fig. 72), of 
 which the type specimen was found under a stone in Portland. 
 On tho whole this is perhaps the most beautiful of all our native 
 spiders ; it is adult, usually in the spring and early summer-time, 
 when the males may often be seen rapidly crossing the dry roads 
 and footpaths in bright sunshine. The rolative length of the 
 legs is 4.1.2.3. 
 
 MICARIA SCINTIIXANS. 
 
 Deassus scintillans, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. xxvii, 
 p. 412. pi. 54, v. 12a. 
 This is a larger spider than the last, and far less brilliant 
 in its hues. The male measures a little over two lines 
 in length, and the female often exceeds three lines. The 
 abdomen is narrow, often strongly constricted across the middle • 
 and the general appearance of the spider is that of a 
 large, washed-out specimen of the last species, to which indeed 
 it is nearly allied. The only known locality for it is in Port- 
 land, where I discovered it on the Verne Slopes in 1860. Subse. 
 
13 
 
 quently — in June, 1 875 — I met with it abundantly on the grassy 
 slopes, between Pennsylvania Castle and the seashore, running 
 about among the rocks and quarries, but only whon the sun 
 shone ; the absence of sunshine, if only for a minute, would 
 cause every one of them to disappear among the grass, until the 
 sun shone out again. 
 
 It is an exceedingly active spider, and not easily caught with- 
 out damage. The host way to catch it (and, indeed, most other 
 spiders) is to place an inverted empty glass tube quickly over it, 
 when it will almost immediately rush up to the top, and the 
 tube may be easily corked ; the spider, if required for the 
 cabinet, is then transferred to the large-mouthed bottle of spirit 
 of wine, which should bo always carried in the collector's pocket ; 
 but, if not destined to the spirit bottle, it may be examined 
 through the tube with a magnifying glass and then set at liberty. 
 
 Tho grassy slopos where this spider occurs are also numerously 
 frequonted by a large blackish ant, to which the spider bears so 
 very close a resemblance, that even after much practice it 
 requires a close examination to distinguish (before capture) 
 between the ant and the spider ; both have also a similar, peculiar 
 habit of running hurriedly, now and then, up a grass stem, as if 
 to get a larger range of view — or it may bo that both are in 
 search of one and the same prey ; both again, on the first inkling 
 of danger, betake themselves to the shelter of the tangled grass, 
 and to the stems and roots of other low herbage. Hitherto I am 
 not aware that this spidor has been found on the Continent. 
 
 Legs, 4.1.2.3. 
 
 GENUS GNAPHOSA, Zatr. DEASSUS, Blackw. (in part). 
 
 The Genus Qruuphosa is distinguished from Drassus (vide postea) 
 by the niaxillco being broader and more deeply, and obliquely, im- 
 pressed across tho middle, and more curved and inclined towards 
 tho labium. The convexity also of the curve of the hinder row of 
 oyes is directed forwards, whereas in Drassus it is directed back- 
 wards. In their general appearance, mode of life, and the 
 situations in which they are found, they closely resemble Drassus, 
 
14 
 
 The head-quarters of this group, which is an extensive and well- 
 marked one, is in Eastern Europe, Egypt, Palestine, and Asia 
 Minor. One species alone has yet boen found in England 
 (where it is widely dispersed, but rare and local), being also 
 found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 GNAPHOSA ANGLICA. 
 
 Drassus lucifuqus, Blacho., Spid., Groat Brit, and Irel., p. 105, 
 
 pi. vi., fig. 62 (in part). 
 „ anglicus, Cambr., Trans., Linn, Soc. xxvii, p. 419, pi. 
 
 54, No. 10. 
 Gnaphosa anglica, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H. s. 5, vol. 1, 
 
 p. 110. 
 
 The male of this spider is 2|- to 3 lines in length, the female 
 often considerably larger. 
 
 The cophalo-thorax is deep brown, with a V-shaped black- 
 brown marking near the middle — the point of the V directed 
 backwarks. The legs and palpi are of the same colour, and 
 the abdomen is of a rather glossy, sooty-black hue, hairy, and 
 with some erect, deepor black, stronger hairs scattered over its 
 surface. 
 
 I have found it, though rarely, under stones, dry cow dung, 
 and at heather roots, on Bloxworth Heath ; and more frequently 
 (during the month of June, 1877) in company with other 
 spiders under the dry crust, formed by the desiccation of small 
 muddy pools on the dampor parts of the heath. 
 
 I have recently received it from Berwickshire, but it has not 
 yet, so far as I am aware, boon found on the continent. 
 
 GENUS PROSTHESIMA, L. Koch. DEASSUS, Bl. (in part). 
 
 This Genus is very closely allied to Drassus. It may bo most 
 readily distinguished by the point at which the palpi are articu- 
 lated to the maxilloe, being nearer to the extremity than to the base 
 of the latter. In general form, appearanco, and structure, as 
 well as in their mode of life, and the situation in which thoy are 
 
is 
 
 found, Proathesima and Drassus are scarcely distinguishable ; 
 tho former is, if anything, of a rather flatter form, and more 
 pointed at tho fore extremity of the caput. Nearly all the species 
 are either jet black or of a uniform deep brown colour. One 
 only of those found in Britain has a reddish cephalo-thorax, 
 all the rest are black. 
 
 Four species are recorded as British, throe of them being met 
 with in Dorsetshire. 
 
 PROSTHESIMA PEDESTBIS. 
 
 Melanophora PEDE8THI8, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. Bd. vi., p. 
 
 82, pi. 200, fig. 489. 
 
 Drassus pedestris, C. L. Koch, Cambr. Zoologist, 1861, 
 
 p. 7558. 
 
 This spider is almost wholly jet black. The abdomen has a 
 
 somewhat shiny and smooth appearance, and is clothed 
 
 with very short hairs ; the legs have the tarsi, metatarsi, tibise, 
 
 and genua of a reddish yellow-brown, the femora being black. 
 
 Tho length of the male is rather more than 3£ lines, and the 
 female is somewhat larger. 
 
 Found underneath stones at Portland in July, 1860; more 
 recently I have received it from the neighbourhood of Exeter ; 
 and it has also been found in Guernsey. 
 
 PROSTHESIMA PETIVERII. 
 Aranea pettverii, Scopoli, Ent. Cam., p. 398. 
 
 Dbas8US ater, Blackw., Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. 106 pi. 
 vi., fig. 63. 
 Very nearly allied to the foregoing, and also of an almost 
 uniform black colour, but easily distinguished by its duller hue 
 and a much more hirsute appearance, being clothed with longer 
 and coarser hairs. The legs and palpi of the male are also stronger, 
 and the digital j oint and palpal organs much larger. It is found in 
 similar situations, being abundant in Portland under stones and 
 
16 
 
 detached piecos of rock, and generally distributed elsowhoro 
 beneath stones, rubbish, and among debris in hodgorows. 
 
 The longth of the male is about 3 linos, and the female is a 
 little larger. 
 
 PROSTHESIMA NIGIUTA. 
 
 Abanea nigbita, Fair., Syst., Ent., p. 432. 
 Dbassus pusillus, Blackw., Spid., Great Brit, and Irol., p. 107, 
 pi. vi., fig. 64. 
 Closely allied to both the foregoing spiders, but smaller, the 
 male measuring only two lines in length. It may be dis- 
 tinguished from P. Petiverii without difficulty, by the pale (in 
 general dull whitish) hue of the tarsal and metatarsal joints of 
 the legs, and it is much more hirsute than P. pedestris. It is 
 found in the same localities, and in similar situations, though 
 much less frequently. 
 
 GENUS DEASSUS, Walcl. DEASSUS, Blackw. (in part). 
 
 The Genus Drassus comprises a number of dull-coloured 
 spiders — chiefly brown of various shades — some of them of con- 
 siderable size. They are found sometimes in tubular silken webs 
 under stones, or behind old boards or wainscoting, as well as 
 among moss and grass, or in fact under anything suitable for 
 giving shelter and retaining a considerable amount of dampness 
 in hot and dry weather. Unless disturbed the Dram come 
 abroad only at night. Their form is elongate and flattish, the 
 legs of moderate length, tolorably strong, and generally armed 
 more or less with spines. The caput is broader in front than in 
 Prosthesima, and the spiders are very active. The eyes form two 
 curved transverse rows, the foremost row usually the least curved 
 and the convexity of its curve directed forwards, while that of the 
 hinder row is directed backwards, thus enclosing a somewhat 
 oblong, or oval, transverse space. The maxillae are strong, a 
 little curved towards the labium, and slightly impressed near the 
 
17 
 
 middle. Tho labium is of a somewhat oblong-oval form. Eleven 
 spocies are recorded as British, and of these, seven aro found in 
 Dorsetshire. 
 
 DRASSUS BLA CK WALLII. 
 
 Dr.yssus BlackwAllii, Thorell., Syn. Europ. Spid., p. 179. 
 
 „ seiuceus, Blackw., Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. Ill, 
 pi. vi., fig. G7. 
 
 The length of the male of this dark, sombre-coloured spider 
 is four lines, the fomalo being rather larger; it may be recognised 
 easily by the abdomen being thickly covered with mouse-black, 
 silky hairs, which give it a somewhat shining and greasy 
 appearand ; a few coarser, oroct hairs aro also mixed with tho 
 others. It is, so far as I am aware, exclusively a house spider, 
 and is not rare at the Rectory, Bloxworth, where it is found 
 roaming about at night on the walls of tho entrance-hall, stair- 
 case, and passages, as well as in the outbuildings. I havo mot 
 with it in several other localities in Dorsetshire, and havo 
 received it from various parts of England. 
 
 Brassus serioeus Walck, with which Mr. Blackwall supposed it 
 to be idontical, is quito another species. 
 
 DRASSUS TROGLODYTES. 
 
 Dkassus troglodytes, 0. L. Koch, Dio Arachn., vi., p. 35, pi. 
 
 189, fig. 455, 456. 
 
 ,, CLAVATOit, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., Ser. 3, v., 
 
 p. 171. 
 
 This spider is of a dark yellowish-brown colour, and tho 
 
 abdomen has often ashiniug, coppory huo imparted to it byits hairy 
 
 clothing. The hinder part of tho abdomen has a longitudinal series 
 
 of indistinct, pale, angular bars on tho upper side, and in front of 
 
 these bars, on the fore part, aro six short linear spots, forming two 
 
 longitudinal, curved, parallel rows, of three spots each; tho con- 
 
 vexitios of the curves are directed inwards towards each other. 
 
 The eyes of the hind-central pair aro placed obliquely, and very 
 
 near to each other, nearer than in almost any other of our 
 
18 
 
 native Brassi. Tho palpi aro of moderate length, with vory 
 large digital joints ; at the outor extremity of tho radial joint 
 is a strong apophysis, whose termination is somewhat dilated ; 
 and the palpal organs have a strong, prominent, and rather 
 twisted, comoous process towards thoir inner side. 
 
 The length of the male is from three to four linos, and tho 
 female, which in colours and general structuro resembles tho 
 male, is somewhat larger. 
 
 I found this rare and local spider in some abundance under 
 stones near Pennsylvania Castle, Portland, in October, 1859, but 
 all were immature. In tho following year, when it should have 
 been in a state of maturity, I could not find ono. It has also 
 occurred, though raroly, on tho heath, and in woods at Blox worth ; 
 and it has been sent to me from Scotland. 
 
 DRASSUS BULKIER 
 
 Dbassus buxbifer, Cambr. Proc. Zool. Soc, Juno, 1874, p. 386, 
 pi. 51, fig. 13; and Ann. and Mag. N. H. 
 Ser. 5, vol. 1, p. 111. 
 
 This is one of the most distinct and striking of our British 
 species. Length 2 to 2\ lines. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax bright, deep reddish yellow-brown, marked 
 with converging blackish lines. The legs are yollow, with the 
 femora of the first and second pairs black. The abdomen is 
 also black and hairy, with a large oblong-oval, doep reddish- 
 brown, coriaceous, baro patch on the fore half of the upper side. 
 This patch lies exactly within four white spots, which form a 
 quadrangular figure ; two other rather linear white spots in a 
 transverse line occupy the hinder half. The spiracular plates 
 are large, and of a clear pale yellow colour. The radial joint 
 of the palpus has its projection, or apophysis, of a somewhat 
 tapering form, but rather dilated at its extremity, somewhat liko 
 that of Drassus troglodytes. The digital joint is large and the palpal 
 organs also large, prominent, simple, and almost globular in form, 
 with one or two small corneous processes near their foro 
 extremity. 
 
19 
 
 Au adult malo, kindly sent to me by Mr. C. "W. Dale, by 
 whom it was found under a stone, at Durdlodoor near Lulworth, 
 in July 1877, is tho first well-authenticated example met 
 with in Britain. One other example only has boon recorded, 
 and is supposod to have been met with near Hastings. 
 
 DRA.SSUS LAPIDICOLENS. 
 Clubiona lapidicolens, Waloh., Ins. Apt. i., p. 598. 
 Diussus LAPiDicoLENs, Blaokw., Spid., Groat Brit, and Ircl., p. 
 116, pi. vi., fig. 70. 
 
 This is the most abundant, and widely disporsod, as well as the 
 largest species of Drasstts found in Britain ; there is, however, 
 groat diversity in the lengths of a serio of examples. The male 
 varies from 3 to 6J- lines, and the female is usually larger. 
 
 It is generally found under stones, and blocks of wood in waste 
 grounds, heaths, and pastures, and lives in a tubular nest of thin 
 whitish silk. I have found it very frequently under pieces of 
 detached rock at Portland, and also among the debris of old 
 walls and hedges. Its colour is usually a uniform dull-yellowish 
 brown, with a darker elongato marking along the middle of the 
 fore part of the abdomen; but some examples have a strong 
 reddish or coppery hue, which, however, goes off after immersion 
 for some little time in spirit of wine. The falcos are long, stron», 
 and prominent, with a strong sharp tooth on tho inner side of 
 each, by which it may bo easily distinguished from its congeners. 
 Tho digital joint of the male palpus is remarkable for its narrow- 
 ness, being scarcely broader than tho rost of the palpus. 
 
 Full-grown examples aro very bold and fierce, and will bite 
 sharply whew held in tho fingers by the legs— not by one leg, for 
 it will by a muscular jerk quickly relievo itself of one leg and 
 so escape. I have never found any spider able to escape this 
 way when hold by two legs, probably because in this case the 
 spider has not sufficient freedom of motion to get the purchase 
 required for the necessary muscular effort of throwing off a 
 log. Tho jerk with which this is effected is very strong and 
 easily observed ; in fact, ouo may feel tho free logs straining 
 
20 
 
 strongly against the fingers, the jerk follows, and the imprisoned 
 leg alone remains in your possession. 
 
 DRASSUS PUBESCENS. 
 
 Djrassus ruuESCENS, ThorclL, Eeo. Crit. Aran., p. 110. 
 
 n „ Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii, p. 439, 
 
 and Ann. and Mag. N. II., Ser. 5, I., p. 111. 
 
 A much smaller spider than Drassus lapidicolens, hut bearing a 
 very close genoral rosemhlance to it. It may, however, he dis- 
 tinguished, not only by its size, but by the smaller falcos, and by 
 the different structure of the palpi and palpal organs ; the 
 radial joint of tho palpus (in tho male) is, in D. lapidicolens, much 
 longer than the cubital, while in the prosont species it is little, if 
 anything, longer ; the digital joint is also shorter in D.puhscens, 
 
 Tholongthof tho male is 3 J lines, tho femalo being rather 
 larger. 
 
 I have met with this very rare spider on two occasions only ; 
 once, sovoral years ago, an adult malo under a stone on lilox worth 
 Heath; and again daring the past summer (June lGth, 1877) 
 whon I found anothor male, together with a female, under the 
 dry crust formed on tho heath in depressed places where turf had 
 been cut and the water had ovaporated, leaving a crust of 
 vegetable matter and sand. This crust prevents tho sun from 
 parching the soil beneath it, and affords a cool shelter for many 
 rare hoath spiders, to search for which among the heather itsolf 
 would bo an almost hopeless task. 
 
 DRASSUS CIUMINALIS. 
 
 Dkassus ciuiriNALis, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. II. S. 4, Vol. 
 16, p. 224, pi. viii., fig. 3. 
 Ati adult female of this spider measured very nearly 3J lines 
 in length. It is an obscure, but yet quite a distinct species. The 
 whole of the fore part is bright yellow-brown, the cephalo-thorax 
 bordered by a black lino ; and the abdomen is of a uniform dull 
 mouse-coloured black, with some very indistinct, pale linear 
 
21 
 
 spots, in two longitudinal curved rows along the middle of tho 
 fore part. Tho eyes of tho hind central pair are of a somewhat 
 sub-triangular, or irregular oval shapo, placed rather obliquely, 
 and almost, but not quite, contiguous to each other. Legs, 
 4.1.2.3. 
 
 A single example only was mot with under a stone in a gravel 
 pit on Bloxworth Heath, in May, 1874. It does not appear to 
 have been yet found on the Continent. 
 
 DKASSSUS DELINQUENT. 
 
 Diussus deliquens, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., s. 4, vol. 1G, 
 p. 245, pi. viii., fig. 4, and s. 5, vol. 1, p. 1 10. 
 
 A small but very distinct specios. The male is about 2 lines 
 in length, and the female 2$. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a dull, orange, yellow-brown colour, 
 marked with converging, blackish, irregular lines ; the legs and 
 palpi are of a paler hue, and tho abdomen is dull yellow-brown, 
 willi a longish, wedge-shaped, dark-brown, longitudinal, central 
 marking on the fore part of tlto upper side, followed to tho 
 spinners by a series of distinct angular bars of the same colour, 
 the vertices of tho angles being directed forwards, but often 
 broken. The digital joint of the male palpus is rather largo, 
 and tho projection at its extremity on the outer sido has its end 
 rather dilated, something like that of Drassus troglodytes. Legs, 
 4.1.2.3. 
 
 I found an adult female under a stone on Bloxworth Heath in 
 May, 1874 ; and, in Juno last, adults of both sexes in the same 
 situation as Drassus pulesccns. It is very nearly allied to a spider 
 abundant in France— Drassus minweulus, L. Koch; but it is 
 certainly different from examples of that species sent to me by 
 Mons. Simon. 
 
 GENUS CLUBIONA, Lair. OLUBIONA, Bla<ku>. (in part). 
 
 Tho spiders of this genus boar a great general resemblance to 
 each other, being mostly of a yellowish-brown or red-brown 
 colour of various depths, and pretty thickly clothed with sandy 
 
22 
 
 greyish, or slightly slato-oolourod, silky pubescenco, concealing 
 more or less, tho real colour of the spiders ; excepting in a few 
 spocies, there aro scarcely any, and often no distinct, markings on 
 the abdomon. They differ from the three foregoing Genera of 
 Drassides, in the position of tho eyes, and in the form of the 
 maxilla). Tho oyos occupy almost the wholo width of tho fore 
 part of the caput, forming a narrow, transverse, somewhat crescent 
 shaped, or half-moon figure. The maxilla) are rathor long, 
 straight, considerably enlarged at their extremities, and without 
 any transverse impression. 
 
 Theso spiders live chiofly in fine silken, tubular nests, low down 
 among grass and othor herbage, as well as often in folded loavos 
 of treos and shrubs, and under old bark, or any othor similar 
 shelter. 
 
 Fifteen species have boon found in Britain, and of thoso, four, 
 teen have occurred in Dorsetshire. 
 
 CLUI3IONA GIUSEA. 
 
 Cludiona grisea, L. Koch, Die Arachn., Fam. dor Drassiden 
 
 p. 819, pi. xiii., fig. 205, 20G, 207. 
 Clubiona HOLOSEEICEA, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p_ 
 122, pi. vii., fig. 75. 
 
 Tho length of tho malo is about 4 linos, and that of tho 
 femalo nearly lines. 
 
 Tho cephalothorax is dull brownish, covored with silky grey 
 hairs ; tho logs roddish yellow-brown, armed with spines ; and 
 tho abdomen (which is in this, and all others of tho genus, of a 
 comparatively narrow, slender form), is thickly clothed with 
 short, grey, silky hairs. The palpi of tho malo have tho radial 
 apophysis of a very peculiar form. It consists of a strong, 
 rather prominent, crescent-shaped projection, tho anterior limb 
 of which is curved, and longer than tho other ; between this ami 
 the palpal organs (lying close alongsido tho latter) is a straight 
 sharp pointed projection with a strongish prominonco towards 
 the point, directed backwards, and giving it a barbod appearance 
 
23 
 
 This can bo only thoroughly explained by accurate figures 
 drawn from sovoral poiuts of view. The radial apophysis, 
 together with the structure of the palpal organs, which differ in 
 oach species, require very closo and correct observation and 
 comparison, to enable tho collector to form any trustworthy 
 determination of the very similarly coloured spiders of this 
 genus. Tho females closely resemble the males in colours and 
 general characters, and can bo readily distinguished only by tho 
 form of the genital aperture. 
 
 Clubiona grisea is a rare spider among woods and debris of 
 various kinds in low damp places at Bloxworth, and in tho 
 neighbourhood, in spring and oarly summer. I have received 
 it in large numbers from the fens of Cambridgeshire. It is also 
 found in other parts of England, as well as in Scotland. 
 
 CLUBIONA TEKEESTEIS. 
 
 Clubiona tekrestkis, Westring, Aran. Suec., p. 395. 
 C. amarantiia, Blackw., Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. 123, 
 pi. vii., fig. 76. 
 
 Very nearly allied to Clubiona grisea, but of a brighter yellowish, 
 and rod-brown hue, clothed with rather sandy greyish hairs ; and 
 the abdomen has a darker tapering stripo along the middle of the 
 fore half. It may bo distinguished readily by tho form of tho 
 radial apophysis of the male palpus ; in the present spider this 
 is strong, of a crescent shape at its extremity, the anterior limb 
 of the crescent being the strongest ; and between the bases of tho 
 two limbs is a small dark proniinenco. The palpal organs have 
 a strong, sharp pointed spine, curved round bonoath their fore 
 extremity, and projecting on tho outer side. 
 
 Clubiona terrestris is generally distributed throughout Great 
 Britain, and is not uncommon at Bloxworth and in many 
 other localities in this county ; it may be found among debris in 
 hedges, and in angles of walls, concealed in a slender, somewhat 
 tubular, silken web. The length of the female is rather over 
 4 lines, and the male is somewhat smaller. 
 
24 
 
 CEUBIONA KECLUSA. 
 
 Cli'eioka eeclusa, Cam.br., Zoologist, 1863, p. 8567. 
 
 The length of tho male is about 3 lines, and the female is 
 rather larger. In its general appearance it is very much liko 
 ClubioM terrestris, though in the form of tho radial apophysis of 
 the male palpus, it is moro like C. grisca. Tho eephalo-thovax 
 however has somo dark vein-like markings upon it, which 
 distinguish it at once from both those species. Tho radial 
 apophysis is much more doveloped and prominent, and a strongly 
 bent portion of it projects outwards, almost at right angles, from 
 tho joint itself. 
 
 Found in woods at Bloxworth and its neighbourhood, in 
 summer tinio, enclosod within a small silken tube in the folded 
 leaves of underwood and other low plants. I have also received 
 it from several other parts of England. The females show a 
 strong attachment to their eggs and nowly hatched young ; 
 though this is also tho case with some others of this genus, as well 
 as with many other spiders. I have found the present spider 
 completely enclosed in its tubular nest along with tho eggs, or 
 recently hatchod young ; these latter probably soon find their way 
 out and disperse among tho surrounding herbage; but by this time 
 the paront spider has become dull and lethargic ; and it may 
 often bo found in a semi-dried up, or collapsed state, 
 still remaining in the folded leaf, where it would voi'y probably 
 shortly die, its office being performed, its family sent out into 
 the world to shift for themselves, and its further existence of no 
 
 CLUBIONA LUTESCENS. 
 
 Clubiona lutescens, Westr., Aran. Suee., p. 395. 
 C. asslmilata, Cambr., Zoologist, 1862, p. 7953. 
 
 This spider is very similar in general appearance to ClutioiM 
 Icrnxlris, to which it is also nearly allied. 
 
 The male is rather under 3 lines in length, and may be 
 easily distinguished from C. terrestris by tho form of tho radial 
 
25 
 
 apophysis, which differs from that of the spider mentioned, in 
 bavin"- a longer and stronger crescent-shaped projection. The 
 outer, or anterior, member of the cresent is much longer, stronger, 
 and of a darker colour than the inner one, and is less pointed at 
 jts extremity, than that of C. terrestris ; the palpal organs have also 
 a strong corneous dark red-brown spine connected with them ; this 
 spine issues from near their base on the outer sido, passes obliquely 
 over them to the inner sido, and so beneath and round their 
 extremity, coming up again on the outer side and ending in a 
 sharp prominent point in contact with some semi-transparent 
 membrane. The falces aro longer than those of C. terrestris. 
 Cluhiona lutescens is a rare species on bushes and trees in woods at 
 Bloxworth and in the neighbourhood, in tho summer time. I 
 have also received it from Glanvilles Wootton, from Mr. C. "W. 
 Dale, and it has been found in some other parts of England. 
 
 CEUBIONA NEGLECTA. 
 
 Clubiona neglecta, Cambr., Zoologist 1862, p. 7955. 
 
 This spider is also very like Cluhiona terrestris ; and tho male 
 measures a little less than 3 lines in length. It may be dis- 
 tinguished without difficulty both from C. terrestris and other 
 species very similar to it in general appearance, by the form of 
 the radial apophysis, which has two members corresponding to 
 those of C. lutescens, but the upper one is much shorter. The palpal 
 organs have along, slender,filiforin, darkred-brown spine connected 
 with them, quite difforent from any other species of the genus. 
 This spine is remarkable from its tortuous course ; it issues from 
 tho inner side of the palpal organs, curves round their extremity 
 on the edge of the digital joint, and thence running back on tho 
 outer side, curves round again, and so up over tho middlo of the 
 palpal organs, terminating in a very fine sharp curved point 
 directed backwards close to their most prominent part. 
 
 Very rare, in similar situations at Bloxworth, and at the same 
 season as C. lutescens. This species has not yet been found in 
 any other part of England, but is met with in Germany as well 
 as in France. 
 
26 
 
 CLUBIONA PALLIDULA. 
 
 Aranetjs paixidulus, Clerch., Sv. Spindl., p. 81, pi 2, tab. 7. 
 Clubiona epimelas, Blachw., Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. 124, 
 pi. vii., fig. 77. 
 
 This spider is larger than either of tho foregoing, and has a 
 much greyer look owing to the greyer colour of its hairy cloth- 
 ing, though in reality the spider itself is darker, and has a less 
 yellow-red hue ; the forepart of the caput, particularly, is 
 suffused with deep blackish brown, and the abdomen with dark 
 reddish brown. 
 
 In the form of the radial apophysis Clubiona pallidula is some, 
 thing like C. grisea, but the palpi are altogether shorter, the 
 digital joint is smaller, and the outer prominence of the apophysis 
 far less developed. 
 
 The length of the male is nearly 5 lines, and the female is 
 larger. 
 
 Frequent at Bloxworth, and in many other localities^ It is 
 found, especially in an immature state, under decayed bark on 
 hewn timber, gate-posts, railings, and palings, as well as on standing 
 trees. In such situations many examples may often be met with 
 together, though each is generally enclosed in its own separate 
 silken tubular chamber; the rapidity with which they escape 
 from their dwellings when exposed, and drop to the ground, 
 where security is quickly found among the herbage, is remark, 
 able. It is adult during the summer months, and is generally 
 distributed throughout the United Kingdom. 
 
 CLUBIONA CORTICALIS. 
 
 Clubiona corticalis, Walch., Ins., Apt. I., p. 593, and Blachw., 
 
 Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. 126, pi. vii., 
 
 fig. 79. 
 
 This is one of the finest and most distinct species of the genus 
 
 The length of the male is very nearly 6 lines, and that of the female 
 
 is slightly greater. The cephalo-thorax is reddish-brown, the 
 
 legs and palpi pale ; the abdomen is thickly clothed with hairs, 
 
27 
 
 and has the central portion of the upper side, throughout its 
 length, of a yellowish brown colour, with a long tapering dart- 
 brown band along the middle of its fore part, beginning at the 
 fore-margin; the hinder half of the abdomen has a series of 
 obtusely angular, dark-brown bars along the centre, and the sides 
 are also dark brown, the under side being yellowish brown. The 
 digital joint of the male palpus is large, and the palpal organs, 
 though excessively developed, are exceedingly simple, consisting 
 merely of an enormous, short-oval, very prominent, smooth, corn- 
 eous lobe, with a small, pointed, curved spine at its fore extremity. 
 This lobe extends backwards far beneath the radial joint. The 
 relative position of the eyes of the posterior row occasionally 
 differs a little in the male and female of this spider ; in respect to 
 colour and pattern the two sexes are very similar. 
 
 Cluliona corticalis is occasionally found at Bloxworth under 
 loose bark, on old, but growing trees, as well as in the interstices 
 of old ivy stems on tree trunks. I have, on several occasions, 
 found the adult male wandering about in rooms and outhouses 
 in May, June, and the beginning of July. Some years ago I 
 met with this spider in great abundance, under the decaying 
 bark of old trees in Sir John Harpur Crewe's Park at Calke 
 Abbey, Derbyshire ; and it has also been met with in various 
 other parts of England. 
 
 CLUDIONA HOLOSERICEA. 
 
 Aranea holosericea, De Gccr, Mem. vii., p. 266, pi. 15, fig. 13-16 
 C. deikognatha, Camlr., Zoologist 1862, p. 7957. 
 
 The length of the adult male is 3 lines, and the female is 
 sometimes considerably larger. 
 
 In general appearance it very closely resembles Cluliona grisea, but 
 it is of a more sandy-grey colour, and may be distinguished at 
 once from all other British species by the great development of 
 the f alces, especially in the males ; these parts are very massive, 
 and (looked at in profile) are greatly projected, and have a 
 strongly arched outline ; their colour is a rich, deep red-brown. 
 The caput is much suffused with deep reddish-brown, the rest 
 
28 
 
 of the cephalo-thorax being yellow-brown ; the abdomen 
 is reddish yellow-brown, and has a dark, irregularly edged, taper- 
 ing band along the middle of the fore part, ending in a point 
 about one-third of the length from the spinners ; this marking 
 is a good deal obscured by the greyish-yellow hairs with which 
 the abdomen is clothed. 
 
 The palpi are short and slender ; the radial apophysis is very 
 like that of Clubiona pallidula ; the digital joint is small, the 
 palpal organs simple, and not groatly unlike those of the spider 
 just named. 
 
 Found in several localities at and near Bloxworth; some- 
 times in considerable abundance among water weeds, rushes, 
 and under heaps of the preceding year's cut-rushes, grass, and 
 rubbish, in swampy places, in May and June ; it has also been 
 sent to me from several other parts of England and Scotland. 
 
 CLUBIONA BREVIPES. 
 
 Clubiona beevipes, Blacho., Spid. Great Brit, and Irol., p. 127, 
 fig 80. 
 
 The adult male measures about 2£ lines in length, and the 
 female about 3 linos. 
 
 This spider is of a dark reddish-brown hue, the fore part of 
 the cophalo-thorax boing the darkest ; but, like most others 
 of tho genus, it is clothed with hairs, in the present instance of 
 a dull greyish hue, considerably disguising its real colours. 
 The form of the radial apophysis of the male palpus is very 
 striking ; it is large, rather tumid at its base, and has its termina- 
 tion, which extends over the base of the digital joint, of a sort of 
 strong crescent form ; the lower limb of the crescent is much 
 tho longest, and ends in a rather curved point, near which is 
 a small angular enlargement. • 
 
 Pound not unfrequently on the lower branches of trees 
 (especially oak troes), in woods, and also on underwood, at 
 Bloxworth, in May, June, and the beginning of July. They 
 may easily bo obtained by beating the boughs, and bushes into 
 a large umbrella, or entomological net, I have nover yet mot 
 
29 
 
 with it in any other situation, though it is found in many parts 
 of both Dorsetshire and Great Britain. 
 
 CLUBIONA CCGRULESCENS. 
 
 ClubioxaoosroIiSSCEns, L. Koch, Die Arachn., Fam. der Drassiden, 
 p. 331., Taf. xiii., fig 213-215. 
 ,, voltjta, Cambr., Linn. Soc. Journ., xi., p. 553., pi. xiv., 
 fig 3. 
 
 The length of the female is 3 J- lines, and that of the male 
 somewhat less. 
 
 In general form and colours this syjider is very similar to 
 several of the foregoing ; the cephalo-thorax is yellowish, clothed 
 with dusky hairs, the legs and palpi paler, and- the abdomen 
 reddish-brown, rather densely clothed with fine yellowish-grey 
 hairs ; among several lesser differences, that of the form of the 
 process connected with the genital aperture is very striking, and 
 serves to distinguish it readily from all others known to me. 
 This process is large, of a somewhat oval form, rather prominent 
 and has its posterior margin widened and somewhat convoluted, 
 or turned upwards and slightly backwards. The male has the 
 radial apophysis very strong and of a remarkable shape, not 
 greatly unlike that of Clubiom hrevipes in an exaggerated form. 
 
 An example of the female was found at Bloxworth several 
 years ago, but had been, until lately, overlooked among a numbor 
 of femalos of other species. I have also received it from tho 
 neighbourhood of Aberdeen. The male has not yet been found 
 in England, but as I have received both sexes from Franco and 
 Sweden, there is no doubt about its identity wtih C. vohtta Cambr. 
 
 CLUBIONA COMPTA. 
 
 Clubiona compta, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. x., p. 129, Taf. 358, 
 
 fig 841. 
 
 ,, comta, Blackw., Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. 128, 
 
 pi. vii., fig 81. 
 
 This well-marked and pretty little species may be readily 
 
 known from the distinctness of the pattern on the abdomen. The 
 
30 
 
 male is scarcely more than 2 lines in length, the female being 
 rather larger. The cephalo-thorax is of a reddish-brown hue» 
 the legs and palpi yellowish brown, and the abdomen is yellow- 
 brown, with (in the female) a dark reddish yellow-brown, longi- 
 tudinal marking on the upper side, along the middle of the fore 
 part, followed by a series of strong angular bars of the same 
 colour on the hinder half. The male is much darkor coloured, 
 and the ground colour of the abdomen maj' be described as of a 
 dark, slightly reddish-brown hue, with the angular bars formed 
 of opposed, oblique, elongate-oval, pale yellow-brown, spots. 
 The radial joint of the malo palpus has a strong apophysis at its 
 extremity on the outer side, and from its end issues a slender, 
 fine pointed, strongly curved spine. 
 
 Abundant on the lower boughs of trees, as well as on 
 underwood in spring and summer, in woods at Bloxworth and in 
 many other localities. I have also often found it in autumn (but 
 then immaturo) enclosed in a silken nest, and rolled up in a dead 
 leaf on the ground ; in this way they no doubt safely pass the 
 winter in sheltered and protected spots. 
 
 CLUBIONA TRIVIALIS 
 
 Clubiona trivialis, L. Koch, Die Arachn. x., p. 132, Taf 359, 
 fig. 844-845. 
 
 The length of the male is about 1J lines; is form is very 
 similar to that of several of the foregoing species and its general 
 hue is yellowish, and reddish yellow-brown. The palpi are 
 moderately long, the digital joint is large, but the palpal organs 
 do not present any very distinctive point of structure ; the radial 
 apophysis, however, is very characteristic, being a strong 
 production of the outer extremity of the joint, with a broad, 
 obtuse, and somewhat rounded, termination. 
 
 The female is larger than the male, but resembles it in colours 
 and other general characters. 
 
 Very rare, among heather and on furze bushes, at Bloxworth, 
 in June and July. I have also met with it in Scotland, and in 
 some other localities in England. 
 
31 
 
 CLUBIONA FALLENS. 
 
 Clubiona pallets, L. Koch, Die Arachn., Fani. der Drassiden, 
 pi. xiv., fig. 234-236. 
 „ diveesa, Cambr., Zoologist 1862, p. 7959. 
 
 Closely allied to C. trivialis, but smaller, and of a generally 
 similar, though brighter hue. The two species may be easily 
 mistaken for each other, until the radial apophysis of the male 
 palpus is examined; this portion of structure, in the present 
 spider, is long and rather strong, but instead of terminating in 
 an obtuse, broad, roundish form, it tapers gradually to a 
 bluntish point ; the colour of this apophysis is deep reddish, 
 brown. The abdomen is brightish yellow, mottled more or less 
 thickly along the middle of the upper side, and towards the 
 spinners, with bright brownish-red. The legs are of a dull 
 straw colour, and the cephalo-thorax is of a very similar hue. 
 
 The female is rather larger, but resembles the male in colour 
 and other general characteristics. 
 
 Eare among moss and heather roots on Bloxworth heath. I 
 have also reoeived it from near Glasgow. 
 
 CLUBIONA SUBTILIS. 
 
 CltJbiowa subtilis, L. Koch, Die Arachn., Fam. der Drassiden 
 p. 351, Taf. xiv., fig. 229-231. 
 „ Fallens, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 130, 
 pi. viii., fig. 82. 
 The length of the male is rather less than two lines, that of 
 the female about two lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is yellowish-brown, strongly suffused with 
 darker brown on the caput, and slightly tinged with olive-green 
 in the thoracic region. The legs are pale yellowish-brown, and 
 the abdomen is of a dull yellowish-red colour. The palpi are 
 short, and the radial apophysis is rather long, tapering and 
 pointed. 
 
 This small species is allied to C. pattens, L. Koch, and is not rare 
 among water weeds, and rushes in marshy places at Bloxworth in 
 
32 
 
 summer time, and in other localities in the neighbourhood. I 
 have received it in great abundance from the fens in Cambridg- 
 shire. 
 
 GENUS CHIEACANTHIUM, C. L. Koch. OLUBIONA, 
 Blaclcw. (in part). 
 
 This genus is nearly allied to Clubiona, but the species have 
 much longer legs, with long prominent falces ; and the general 
 colouring of the abdomen, in the British species, is greenish-olivo 
 with- bright rusty-red and yellow markings. The last, or digital 
 joint of the male palpus is remarkable, possessing a strong, 
 pointed, longer or shorter and more or less curved, spur, directed 
 backwards from near its base ; tho first pair of legs are the 
 longest, whereas in Clubiona the longest is the fourth pair. They 
 aro found on low plants in woods and on waste grounds. 
 
 Four species are at present known to bo British, and of these 
 two only have yet occurred in Dorsetshire. 
 
 CHIRACANTHIUM CARNIEEX. 
 
 CiiiRACANTniUM CABUIFEX, Fabr., C. L. Koch, Die Arachn., Bd. vi., 
 Taf. 184, fig. 438-439. 
 
 The length of the male is about four lines, and that of the 
 female somewhat more. The abdomen is of a dull grass-green 
 hue, mixed with yellow, and an irregular rusty-red band runs along 
 the middle of the upper side. Tho falces are long, divergent and 
 porrected. Tho spur at the base of tho digital joint of the malo 
 palpus is sharp-pointed, strong, and very slightly curved ; and 
 the radial apophysis is slightly indented, or cleft, at its extremity. 
 Tho digital joint is longer than the radial and cubital joints 
 together, and has a strong angular prominence near its extremity 
 9i the outer side. 
 
 This handsome spider is not unfrequent in summer time, at 
 Bloxworth among low plants in woods and on waste grounds, 
 where it spins its somowhat tubular web among the leaves and 
 blossoms. I have met with it in other parts of England, and 
 it appears to be plentiful near Glasgow. 
 
S3 
 
 CHIRACANTHIUM NUTRIX. 
 
 Chiiuoanthium Nirraix, Westr., Aran. Suec, p. 878. 
 
 Non. Clubiona nutrix, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. 
 
 About the same size as the f orogoing, and nearly resembling it 
 in form and structure. It may, however, be distinguished by 
 the cephalo-thorax having no markings upon it ; the abdomen 
 also is of a brownish-yellow colour, tinged with red, and has, on 
 the upper side, only an elongated, reddish yellow-brown marking 
 along tho middle of the fore part. The falces are shorter and 
 loss divergent than those of C. carnifex. The digital joint of 
 the male palpus is as long as, or even a little longer than, the radial 
 and cubital joints together, the radial being nearly double the 
 length of the cubital. The digital spur is loss strong, but rather 
 longer, and the angular prominonce on the outer side is less 
 developed, and furthor from the extremity of the joint than in 
 C. carnifex ; the radial apophysis is also stronger and longer, 
 but is similarly cleft at its extremity, which is likowise a little 
 
 An immature female was found by my son, Eobort Jocelyn, 
 among heather at Blox worth, in September, 1877. 
 
 I had previously only met with this spider in Lancashire, and 
 received it from Scotland. The adult male has not yet been found 
 in Britain ; the characters, therefore, of that sex above given, 
 have been taken from examples sent to me by Dr. T. Thorell, 
 from Sweden.* 
 GENUS ANYPH^ENA, Sund. CLUBIONA, Blackw. (in part). 
 
 This genus is also nearly allied to Clubiona, but differs in having 
 a transverse fold in the integument near the middle of the under- 
 side of the abdomen, concealing an opening into a special spiracu- 
 lar organ. The fore part of the cephalo-thorax is also narrower. 
 Legs 1.4.2.3. 
 
 One species only has been found in Great Britain, and it is 
 also abundant in Dorsetshire. 
 
 •Since the above was in press (September, 1878), I have met with both 
 males and females, in the adult state, on fern and heather at Bloxworth, the 
 former box agreeing exactly with the Swedish examples, 
 
;;i 
 
 ANYPILENA ACCENTUATA. 
 
 Anyphjena aooentuata, Walck., Blachw., Spid., Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 131, pi. viii., fig. 83. 
 
 The length of the male is rather leas than three lines, that of 
 the female being a little more. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a yellowish-brown hue, with a broad, 
 irregular, longitudinal, black band on each side. The legs and 
 palpi are similar in colour, but marked and spotted with black. 
 The sternum is yellowish, broadly bordered with black, and the 
 abdomen is of a buffish yellow-brown, slightly tinged with red- 
 dish, and has, near the middle, two angidar, black lines close 
 togethor, the angles often broken, and thus giving a strong 
 resemblance to marks of accontuation ; the sides and hinder part 
 are thickly marked with black, and a black band runs along the 
 middle of the under-side from the fore extremity to the trans- 
 verse fold above-mentioned. 
 
 The male is usually darker coloured than the female, and has 
 three yellowish spots on the black, thoracic 'bands; the humeral 
 joint of the palpus has a tuft of long, coarse, black bristles near 
 its base on the under-side, and the radial joint, which is longer 
 than the cubital, has some bristles of a similar kind on the upper 
 side. 
 
 This very distinct, and easily-recognised spider is abundant at 
 Bloxworth, and in the neighbourhood, where it is found on 
 bushes, particularly furze bushes when in bloom, on trees, and 
 occasionally under old bark. It is also fond of concealing itself 
 in cracks or crevices of timber. I have frequently found many 
 examples in slender webs between the head of a gate and the 
 post, when the gate has been left for sometime unopened in the 
 spring of the year. It is very active, and parts with its legs 
 easily, if seized by one only at a time. 
 
 GENUS AGEOECA, Westr. AGELENA, Blachw. (in part). 
 
 The maxillfe in this genus are straight, of modorate length 
 
 and strength, not enlarged at their extremities, and only a little 
 
 inclined towards the labium. The fore part of the caput is rather 
 
35 
 
 narrow ; the eyes are in two, not very long, curved rows 
 (of which the anterior is the shortest and least curved), forming 
 an oblong, somewhat oval, transverse figure, close to the insertion 
 of the falces, i.e., to the lower margin of the clypew, which is 
 thus almost obsolete. The tibise and metatarsi of the legs of 
 the first and second pairs are armed, on their under sides, with 
 two longitudinal parallel rows of long strong spines. 
 
 The relative length of the legs is 4.1.2.3. 
 
 Although included by Mr. Blackwall in the Family Agelenides, 
 Agroeca is undoubtedly a Drassid genus, the terminal tarsal 
 claws being two only, the spinners totally unlike those of the 
 Agelenides, and the general form and structure of the spiders 
 being also unmistakably like those of many others of the 
 
 Two species only are known in Britain, and both of them 
 occur in Dorsetshire. 
 
 AGROECA BRUNNEA. 
 
 Aoelena BRtmNEA, Blackto., Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. 159, 
 pi, x., fig. 102. 
 
 The length of the male is about 3 lines, that of the female 
 3J to 4 lines. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is reddish yellow-brown, 
 marked with blackish on the margins, and with some irregular 
 converging lines on the sides. The legs and palpi are yellow^ 
 brown, furnished with hairs and spines, and the abdomen (which 
 is hairy and "slightly larger behind than in front) is yellow- 
 brown with a somewhat golden tinge, and has a longitudinal dusky 
 blackish marking in the middle of the foro part, followed by a 
 series of similarly coloured angular lines ; the sides are marked 
 with blackish spots and markings. 
 
 The radial apophysis of the male palpus is rather strong, 
 prominent, sharp pointed, and bent a little downwards at its 
 extremity ; the digital joint is large, and the palpal organs well 
 doveloped and complex. . 
 
Found, though very rarely, among moss and grass in woods 
 at Bloxworth. I have also lately received it from Mr. 0. W. 
 Dale, hy whom it was found at Glanvilles AVootton. 
 
 This spider forms a beautiful little white, closely woven, silken, 
 egg cocoon, of a somewhat poar shape truncated at the larger end, 
 and fixes it by a short foot stalk to a grass stem, or to a 
 rush or twig near the ground. The beauty, however, of these 
 little cocoons soon gives way before prudential considerations, for 
 they are quickly covered over with a thick coating of clay mixed with 
 silk, making them look like little pellets of dirt casually stuck 
 upon the stems and twigs. Doubtless this clay coating is intended 
 both for concealment, as well as to secure a more even 
 temperature for the eggs (clay being an excellent nonconductor 
 of either heat or cold) and also to keep off the attacks of insect 
 parasites. I do not think that I have ever myself seen a nest of 
 this spider, but, according to Mr. Blackwall, it measures about 3 
 lines in diameter.* 
 
 AGROECA PKOXIMA. 
 
 Aoelena proxima, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc, vol. xxvii, p. 415, 
 pi. 54, No. 13. 
 
 In general appearance, form, and colours this spider is very 
 like Agroeca Irunnea ; it is however smaller, the male measuring 
 no more than one-fifth of an inch in length, and the golden tinge 
 given to A. Irunnea, from the colouring of the hairy clothing, is 
 never present, so far as I have seen, in A. proximo,; the pattern 
 also on the cephalo-thorax and abdomen, though very similar, 
 is in general much less distinct. 
 
 Some examples have a contral, longitudinal, pale lino on tho 
 fore half of the upper side of the abdomen. Tho radial apophysis 
 of the male palpus is shorter and loss prominent, and the 
 digital joint is smaller ; the palpal organs also differ in their 
 structure from those of tho preceding species. 
 
 •Since writing the aboTe I have met with an egg oocoon of exactly 3 
 lines in diameter, and much shorter than those of the the next spider, 
 A. proximo. This I conjecture to belong to A. brunnea. See plate ii., fig. 7a. 
 
3? 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours and markings, but is 
 rather larger. 
 
 Agroeca proximo, is abundant among moss and heather, and 
 among debris of all kinds in hedges and woods at Bloxworth and 
 in the neighbourhood. In these situations I also frequently find 
 little pear-shaped egg cocoons corresponding very nearly to those 
 supposed to belong to A. brmnea, except in being less in diameter 
 though longer in the bulbous part (plate ii., fig. 7). 
 
 They are likewise fixed in the same way to rushes or 
 twigs of heath, grass stems, and rushes. Some of them 
 may be found uncovered if met with before, or shortly after p 
 the eggs are placed in them, but more commonly they are 
 found plastered over as above described. I have often hatched 
 the young spiders from these cocoons, but have never succeeded 
 in keeping them alive longer than to be able to determine their 
 genus. I have, however, but little doubt that those now 
 referred to are made by A. proximo, though no parent spider has 
 ever been detected even near a nest, still less in the act of form- 
 ing it, or coating it with day. 
 
 GENUS LIOCEANUM, L. Koch. CLUBIONA, Blackw. in 
 part, + Aqelena. Blackw. in part, and + Dbassus, Cambr. in 
 part. 
 
 Liocranum is nearly allied to Agroeca, but the maxillee are 
 shorter, stronger in proportion, and very little inclined to the 
 labium. The legs are very long, their relative length being 
 4.1.2.3., and the eyes are rather closely grouped in two nearly 
 concentric curved rows. The front row is, excepting in one species, 
 the least curved, and the convexity of the curve is directed back- 
 wards. Looked at in profile the cephalo-thorax slopes gradually 
 forwards, from the beginning of the hinder slope to the eyes, 
 which are placed very near to the lower margin of the clypeus. 
 The legs have two parallel rows of long, strong spines beneath 
 the tibire, and metatarsi of the first two pairs. Four species are 
 at present recorded as British, and all of these have been found 
 
38 
 
 in Dorsetshire. One species only {L. domedicum, Wider) attains 
 any considerable size, the rest being very small. 
 
 LIOCKANUM DOMESTICUM. 
 
 Clubiona domestioa, Wid., Blaokw., Spid., Great Brit, and Irel. 
 p. 132. 
 
 The length of the male is about three lines, that of the female 
 four to four-and-a-half. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is yellow, tinged with brown, and 
 the margins, as well as a rather irregular band on each 
 side, are brownish-black. The legs and palpi are of a 
 pale brownish-yellow hue, indistinctly annulated with brown. 
 The abdomen is also dull-yellow, with a brownish tinge ; it has, 
 on the upper side, along the middle of the fore part, a black 
 band, broader behind than in front, and following this band are 
 several angular black lines ; the sides also are thickly marked 
 with black, and the underside is of a yellow-brown colour. The 
 palpi of the male are long, the radial and cubital joints of equal 
 length, but the latter is the stronger, and the former has a small, 
 rather prominent, pointed, and slightly curved apophysis at its 
 outer extremity. The digital joint is narrow-oval, and the 
 palpal organs are small. 
 
 This spider is the largest of the genus, and is apparently very 
 local. I have found it frequently under stones and detached 
 pieces of rock partially embedded in the soil, near Pennsylvania 
 Castle, Portland, in the autumn and late summer months ; all 
 were females, and at that time immature, and therefore we may 
 conclude its time of maturity to be in the spring or early summer. 
 It is a very distinctly marked spider, and not likely to be mis- 
 taken for any other species of this group, though at first sight it 
 is not greatly unlike immature examples of Tegenaria atrica, which 
 is abundant in the same locality and situation ; it is also exceed- 
 ingly active, and escapes with great celerity on being exposed by 
 lifting up the stone. Its usual position appears to be with its 
 legs spread out flat upon the under side of the stone, sometimes 
 
39 
 
 under a thin filmy web, at other times quite exposed, the web 
 having been perhaps torn off in raising the stone. 
 
 I have received both sexes, in the adult state, from Lydney in 
 Gloucestershire; and very recently an adult female has been 
 found near Sherborne by my nephew, Frederick Octavius P. 
 Cambridge. 
 
 LIOCRANUM GRACILIPES. 
 
 Agelena gracilipes, Blackw., Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. 162, 
 
 pi. x, fig. 104. 
 Dhassus prjelongipes, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., June, 1861. 
 
 The adult male measures but one-tenth to £th of an inch in 
 length, the female being rather larger. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is dull reddish-yellow, with a 
 black linear margin, and suffused, especially in irregular, converg- 
 ing lines on the sides, with dark brown tinged with olive. The 
 legs are very long, particularly those of the first and fourth pairs, 
 and the femora are broad, but of a somewhat flattish form ; two 
 parallel rows of longish spines are disposed longitudinally under- 
 neath the tibise and metatarsi of the first and second pairs ; their 
 colour is a clear coppery-yellow, with the femora, tibite, and meta- 
 tarsi of tho first and second pairs, as well as the tibise and meta- 
 tarsi of the third and fourth, strongly suffused with blackish olive- 
 brown. 
 
 The palpi are similar to the legs in colour ; they are long, and 
 the radial is larger than the cubital joint ; the radial apophysis is 
 short, blackish, slightly bent, and somewhat obtusely pointed at 
 its extremity. The digital joint is small, and the palpal organs 
 simple. The upper side of the abdomen is yellow, much 
 suffused with dark olive-brown in front, and with a longitudinal 
 series of very distinct, dark brown, angular bars on the hinder 
 part ; in some examples these bars might be more correctly 
 described as yellow on a dark-brown ground. The adult female 
 resembles the male in colours ; but there is some variety in the 
 brightness and distinctness of colouring in the individuals of a 
 long serios of both sexes, 
 
40 
 
 Pound near Lyndhurst, Hants, as well as among moss and 
 Leather on Bloxworth heath. It is adult in July, August and 
 September, when I have occasionally observed the male running 
 in sandy places in sunshine. In June, 1877, I met with it in 
 abundance among star grass on the sand hills between Little 
 Sea and the seashore near Studland ; but all were then imma- 
 ture. This species does not yet appear to have been found on 
 the continent, and it is but very recently that I have been able 
 to identify, as undoubtedly synonymous, Agelena graeilipes, Bl., 
 and Drassus prtslongipes, Oambr. 
 
 LIOCBANUM CELEB, S]). %. 
 
 Deassus palliabdii, Cambr., Trans., Linn. Soc. xxvii, p. 413 
 
 (exclude the synonyms there quoted). 
 Liooranum graoilipes, Cambr., I.e. xxviii. p. 440, in pai>t. 
 
 An immature female of this spider measured about one line 
 in length. 
 
 Although this spider was formerly considered to be only the 
 immature form of Agelena graeilipes, Bl. (which it resembles very 
 nearly in general colouring an,d appearance) the recent capture 
 of numerous examples of that species leads me to believe it to 
 be decidedly distinct, and hitherto undescribed. It may be 
 readily distinguished by the posterior row of eyes being straight, 
 and the interval between the eyes of each lateral pair being con- 
 sequently greater. The cephalo-thorax has a similar ground- 
 colour, but it is much less generally suffused with brown, the 
 converging markings being black brown and much more distinct. 
 In A. graeilipes there is also, on each side of the cephalo-thorax, 
 an indistinct, pale, submarginal stripe, always more or less 
 traceable, while in the present spider it is quite absent. The 
 falces are marked like the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 Another very tangible, distinguishing character is furnished 
 by the two anterior pairs of legs, the tibia and metatarsi of which 
 are immaculate, while the femora and genua are slightly suffused 
 with brown, as well as boldly and distinctly marked with some 
 
41 
 
 largo, dark blackish-brown patchos ; similar markings may also 
 bo tracod, though in a much loss dogroo, on the fomora of the 
 third pair. 
 
 The abdomon is black-brown, minutoly mottlod with yellowish, 
 and has a series of lino angular lines of tho samo colour, on the 
 hinder half of tho upper side. Tho spinnors are of a clear 
 yellow. 
 
 The oxample abovo doscribed was found on Bloxworth heath 
 in tho summer of 1866. It may bo oasily distinguished also 
 from tho true L. palliardii, L. Koch, by tho characters abovo 
 given. 
 
 LIOCRANUM CELANS. 
 
 Aoelena celans, Blackw. Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. 161, 
 pi. x., fig. 103. 
 
 This spider is also nearly allied to Liocranum gracilipcs, Blackw. 
 but may be easily distinguished by its generally brighter colour- 
 ing and more distinct markings, though their genoral disposition 
 is very similar. It is also rather largor, tho male moasuring about 
 1 J lines in length and tho female 2 linos. Tho cophalo-thorax is 
 dark brown with the margins, and a distinctly defined narrow, 
 central, longitudinal band, of a rather oraugc-ycllow colour. 
 The legs and palpi aro reddish-brown, sometimes brownish- 
 yellow; and tho abdomon is of a deop rich brown, with a series 
 of bright reddish-yellow, angular bars (or sometimes almost con- 
 fluent, triangular markings) along tho hiudor half of the upper 
 side. These angular bars join in with some less distinct, but 
 similarly coloured, markings on the forepart ; these latter 
 generally consist of a longitudinal central bar, and ono or two 
 indistinct blotchos on each side. The legs aro shorter than thoso of 
 L. gracilipes, but aro similarly armod with spines beneath tho tibia) 
 and metatarsi of tho first and second pairs. Tho radial apophysis 
 of the male palpus is straight, and pointed at its extremity ; tho 
 palpal organs are well developed and rather complex, 
 
 I have met with this spider, on two or three occasions only, on 
 
42 
 
 Bloxworth hoath, and in tho samo situations as L. gracilipos. It 
 is also found, though rarely, in North Wales. 
 
 Mons. Eugene Simon has sent mo L. celans from Franco, whore 
 he informs mo that it is an abundant species. 
 
 GENUS HECAEEGE, Blacho. 
 
 This gonus may ho readily distinguished from all the rest of 
 the genera of this family (excepting Micaria PJiniroh'tkus and 
 Gnaphosa) by tho convexity of tho hinder, row of eyos being dirocted 
 forwards ; tho anterior row being slightly curved in an opposite 
 direction. Tho maxilla) aro short, strong, straight, and inclined 
 towards the labium. The cophalo-thorax is rather pointed in 
 front; and tho tibice and metatarsi of tho first two pairs of logs 
 are armed with two parallel, longitudinal rows of long, strong, 
 sessile spines. 
 
 Two species are known as British, and both of them are found 
 in Dorsetshire. 
 
 HECAERGE MACULATA. 
 
 IlECAERaE maculata, Blackw., Lond. and Edinbro', Phil. Mag. 
 
 3 Ser. iii., p. 193. 
 „ spinimana, Blackw., Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 
 41, pi. iii., fig. 21. 
 The male of this spider is about ono-fifth of an inch in length, 
 and the female one-fourth. Tho cophalo-thorax is of a pale 
 3 r ellowish-brown colour, marked with a broad brown band along 
 each side, and the margins are also marked with one or two fine 
 linos of tho same colour. Tho hindor row of eyes is curved, tho 
 convexity of the curve directed forwards, and that of the front 
 row (which is less curved) backwards. The legs aro pale yollow, 
 marked with dark brown spots and lines, and tho tibia) and 
 metatarsi dark brown ; beneath these two last joints are two 
 parallel rows of long strong spines, sessile, but moveable at will ; 
 and the sternum is palo yellow, with some dark brown marginal 
 spots. The abdomen is palo yellowish-brown, suffused a little 
 
43 
 
 with whito in somo parts ; two broken, blackish linos begin at 
 the foro extremity of tho uppor side, and. enclosing- a narrow, 
 somewhat elongate, pointed space, unito about tho middle, and 
 continue to tho spinners as a row of spots ; towards each side of 
 abdomon is also another curvod longitudinal, broken, blackish 
 band or stripe. The sidos and under sido aro also spotted with 
 black. Tho palpi aro pale yellowish-brown ; the radial apophysis 
 is small, short, and pointed. The' digital joint is not largo ; and 
 the palpal organs are not vory complex, but have a curved and 
 pointed process, which oxltonds to their foro extremity. 
 
 This is a very activo and abundant spider at Bloxworth, and 
 in many other localities both of Dorsetshire and England, among 
 dead loavos and plants in hedge-rows ; it is found, also, 
 among heather, as well as in moss in damp places. This spider 
 was included by Mr. Blackwall among tho Lycosidcs, chiefly on 
 account of the backward curve of tho posterior row of eyos, 
 which causes it to resemble very nearly somo spiders of that 
 family ; but the possession of only tioo tarsal claws instead of 
 three (the constant number in all Lycosid Genera) undoubtedly 
 removes it from tho lycosides ; and its true place is now generally 
 agreod to bo among the Dvassides. 
 
 HECAERGE NEMORALIS. 
 
 Hecaeeqe nemoralis, Blaclcw., Ann. and Mag. N. II., 3 Sor. 
 viii., p. 111. 
 
 This spider is very nearly allied to the foregoing, and is also 
 of tho same sizo ; it is, howover, darker, and the markings are 
 not so distinct ; tho most obvious distinguishing character lies in its 
 rather donso clothing of long greyish silky hairs, which almost 
 wholly conceal its markings. Tho palpi also and palpal organs 
 differ a little in structure from those of II. metadata. 
 
 Two examples only havo occurred in Dorsetshire, having boon 
 found in spring among heather on Bloxworth heath — it had 
 previously only been found among dead leaves in woods in North 
 Wales by Mr. Blackwall. 
 
44 
 
 GENUS PHRUROLITHUS, C. L. Koch, DEASSUS, Blacho. 
 in part. 
 
 Tho cophalo-thorax in this genus is oval. The niaxillco strong, 
 enlarged, at the insertion of the palpi, very broad, at the base, 
 and inclined towards tho labium. Tho oyos aro in two short, 
 transverse, slightly-curved, concentric rows, the convexity of tho 
 curvo directed backwards. 
 
 Only one species is recorded as British, and that ono is toler- 
 ably abundant in Dorsetshire. 
 
 PHRUROLITHUS PESTIVUS. 
 
 Pjirukolitiius festivus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. vi., p. 110, 
 
 Taf. 207, fig. 511, 512. 
 Dbassus r-RoriXQUUs, Blacho., Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 
 120, pi. vi., fig. 74. 
 A very pretty little shining, activo, ant-like jspider, with some 
 brownish yellow-white markings and spots on the abdomen, 
 whose ground colour is deep brown. The length of the male is 
 one-ninth of an inch, the female being rather larger. Tho 
 cephalo-thorax is brown, clothed with hoary hairs, somo of 
 which are disposed in converging linos. Tho logs are tolerably 
 long, slender, and of a yellowish-brown colour, with tho femora 
 of the first and second pairs dark blackish-brown. Tho palpi 
 are strong; the humoral joint has a prominence near its 
 extremity underneath, clothed with hairs ; the radial joint has, 
 at its outer side forwards, a prominent apophysis of (compara- 
 tively) enormous size and curved form, its extremity being 
 slightly cleft, or bifid (pi. 1, fig. 15). Tho digital joint is large 
 and the palpal organs prominent, but not very complex. 
 
 Tolerably abundant at Bloxworth, Portland, and other 
 localities in Dorsetshire ; being found under stones, among moss 
 and herbage, or debris in hedges, and marshy places ; in Portland 
 I have found it frequently under stones on tho Weymouth side 
 of the Chosil Beach, closo to high water mark. It appears to be 
 very abundant in tho Fens of Cambridgeshire, 
 
FAMILY ERESIDES. 
 
 DISTINGUISHING character of this family is the 
 broad, somewhat quadrate cephalo-thorax, of which the 
 caput is usually very convox, and much raised above the 
 level of the thorax. The eyes form an enormous, nearly square 
 figure, on the frontal part of tho caput ; the legs are strong, 
 and the metatarsi of tho fourth pair in the females have 
 calamistra, while both sexes are furnished with a supernumerary 
 spinning organ immediately in front of the ordinary spinners. 
 Tarsal claws 3. 
 
 Tho spiders of this family are not very numerous, and most 
 of them are tropical or sub-tropical. Mons. Simon has lately 
 divided them into several genera. One only is represented in 
 England, and that by but a single species. 
 
 GENUS EEESUS, Walcl. 
 
 Tho four outer eyes form a large quadrilatoral figure, occupy- 
 ing tho whole of tho front and sides of the caput, and the four 
 others describe a small figure of the same form just within the 
 straight line formed by the two foremost of the other eyes, and 
 intermediate between them. The maxilla) aro straight, enlarged 
 and rounded at their extremities, and not inclined to tho labium, 
 which is rather long and pointed at its apex. Legs, 4.1.2.3. 
 
 EltESUS CINNABER1NUS. 
 
 Euesus CINNA13ERINUS, Walclc, lilackw., Spid. Groat Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 4G, pi. iii., fig. 23. 
 Length of the male about one-third of an inch. 
 
46 
 
 Tlio cophalo-thorax of this fino and showy spider is black with 
 a short rod tapering hand on the hinder part of each lateral 
 margin. The legs are short, strong and black, ammlatcd with 
 white, and furnished with red hairs on the femora of the second, 
 third, and fourth pairs. The palpi aro also black with white 
 annuli, and tho abdomen, which (as well as all tho rest of tho 
 spider) is thickly clothed with short hairs, has the upper sido of 
 a bright scarlot red, with four large black spots, edged with 
 white hairs, forming a square ; and often botween this square 
 and the spinners are two other similar, but smaller, spots in a 
 transverse lino ; the underside is black with a white spot near its 
 hinder extremity, and tho spiracular plates are clothed with red 
 hairs. 
 
 The claim of this beautiful species to bo British rested, up to 
 a recent date, solely on tho authority of the late Dr. Loach 
 (Encyclop, Brit., Supplement to the 4th, 5th, and Gth editions). 
 No reference is, however, given either to the finder or tho 
 locality, nor yet to the date of capture. An adult male example 
 (now in my possession), one of two examples captured by the 
 lato J. C. Dale, Esq., of Glanvilles Wootton, a few years ago, 
 on Parley hoath, between "Wimborno and Eingwood, and within 
 tho limits of the county of Dorsot, is thorofore tho first, and as 
 yet the only, authentic instance of its occurrence in England. f 
 
 Few spiders have been the occasion of greater differences of 
 opinion among araehnologists, as to their systematic position, 
 than this ono. It has been placed by one or another in the most 
 widely separated positions. By tho majority it is placed among 
 or near the SaUicides. Conceiving, howover, that it has no 
 really true affinity with them, I have placed it hero as a separate 
 family immediately beforo tho Genus Dictyna (Fam. Dictynides) 
 with the most typical members of which it appears to me to 
 have very much in common, both in structuro and form.* One 
 
 t I have lately learnt that an adult male was taken at Bournemouth in 
 1874, and is now in the British Museum collection. 
 
 * In a recent publication, Dr. V. Bertkau, an eminent German arachnolo- 
 gist, assigns a very noirly similar position to Eresus. Verb., d. Nat. Vor. 
 Jahrg. xxxiv., iv. Bd., p. 273. 
 
4? 
 
 spebiea which I mot with in abundance- in Palestine (Eresus 
 acanthophilus, Duf our) is also somewhat similar in habits to Dicli/na 
 arundinacca, forming an irregular snare among the twigs of low 
 plants and shrubs, and living in a cornucopia kind of retreat. 
 
FAMILY DICTYNIDES. 
 
 j]N the typical group of this family (Dictyna, Sunrt., 
 Ergatis, Blackw.) tho caput is more or less considerably 
 
 _ olovated, but in other groups not so much ; in all it is 
 compressed on its lateral margins, thus differing from Emits ; 
 all tho f omales have calamistra on the metatarsi of tho fourth 
 pair of logs, the males possessing only the supernumerary 
 spinning organ in front of the usual spinners. Tho tormina! 
 tarsal claws are three in number. 
 
 GENUS DICTYNA, Staid EKGATIS, Blachv. 
 
 The cophalo-thorax in Dictyna is, in most instances, consider- 
 ably raised above the thorax in a very convex form. The falces, 
 especially in males, are long, strongly curved, or excavated on their 
 inner sides, and prominent in front near their base. The eyes are 
 in two transverse curved rows, those of each latoral pair near 
 together. The legs are rather short, 1.2.4.3., and have calamistra 
 on tho metatarsi of tho fourth pair. The maxilleo are nearly 
 straight, rather rounded at their extremity, and inclined towards 
 the labium, which is large and of a somewhat sub-triangular 
 form. Immediately in front of the ordinary spinners is the 
 supernumerary spinning organ, described in tho introductory 
 chapter. 
 
 This genus comprises a group of small spiders, whose habit is 
 to spin an irregular snare, consisting of numerous lines crossing 
 and recrossing each other, among the blooms of tho rush, or at 
 the extremity of heather shoots, or in and among the leaves of 
 other plants, as well as of low trees. The femalo lays her eggs 
 in small cocoons within the snare, and carefully guards them 
 until the young are hatched. 
 
49 
 
 Five species are recorded in Britain, three of them being 
 found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 DICTYNA ARUNDINACEA. 
 
 Aranka arundinacea, Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, p. 620. 
 Eroatis beniqna, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 146, 
 pi. ix., fig. 93. 
 
 A small but very abundant spider, in the heath districts of 
 Dorset. Almost every rush stem, and heather twig or bloom, 
 has its extremity tenanted in spring and summer by this pretty, 
 though soberly-coloured spider. 
 
 The caput is greatly raised in a rounded-convex form, and, 
 ■with the rest of the cephalo-thorax, is of a deep brown colour. The 
 fore part of the uppersido of the caput is furnished with numerous 
 white hairs, disposod in lines converging forwards. The legs 
 and palpi are strong and of a brown colour, and the abdomen 
 is yellow brown, clothed with greyish or white pubescence, and 
 has a, sometimes irregular, deep chocolate brown, dentated band 
 along the middle of the fore part of the upper side, f ollowod by 
 some broken angular bars of the same hue towards the spinners ; 
 the sides are brown mottled with white. The falces of the male 
 aro longer than those of the female, and of an irregular, bent 
 form. Tho radial joint of the male palpus has a very small, 
 short, slightly-curved, bifid-pointed process or spur, projecting 
 at less than a right angle from near tho base of the upper side ; 
 and tho palpal organs have a somewhat corkscrew-shaped, 
 pointed spine directed backwards, and almost reaching tho articu. 
 lation of the radial and cubital joints. 
 
 The length of the male is about ono-eighth of an inch, and 
 the female is rather larger. 
 
 If the snare of this little spider be torn open and the spider 
 exposed to view, it makes no attempt to escape, apparently pre. 
 f erring to share in the general destruction of 'its home, rather 
 than to find safety by deserting it. 
 
50 
 
 DICTYNA UNCINATA. 
 DiororA UNOTWATA, ThorelL, Roc. Crit. Aran., p. 82. 
 Euoatis arborea, Camlr., Zoologist, 1862, p. 7960. 
 
 In general appearance, structure, colours, and markings this 
 spicier is very like its near ally, Dictyna arundinacea ; it may, how- 
 ever, be distinguished without any difficulty, not only by its smaller 
 size — tho male measuring no more than ono-tonth of an inch in 
 length— but by a striking difference in the spur which projects 
 from the upper side of the radial joint. In the present species 
 this spur is long, nearly as long as tho joint itself, rather tapering 
 but also bifid or notched at its extremity (which is dark coloured, 
 the rest being yellow-brown), and springs more nearly perpendicu- 
 larly, and quite from the base of the joint instead of only from near 
 it. The dark-brown longitudinal band also, on the fore part of 
 the abdomen, is not dentated on its edges ; and the transverse 
 bars on the hinder half are more curved than angular, their ends 
 generally terminating with an oblique spot, or short line, of the 
 same hue. These transverse bars are often composed of two fine, 
 approximated, dark-brown lines, frequently more or less obsolete, 
 and seldom equally well represented in any two individuals. 
 The femalo is rather larger than the male, and (like the female 
 of the foregoing species) of a generally paler hue. 
 
 Found in tolerable abundance on trees and bushes at Blox- 
 worth, whore it makes its snare in and among the leaves and 
 small twigs. More rarely I have found it in similar situations 
 with D. arundinacea. It often forms its snare in the leaves of 
 rank nettles growing under hedge-rows; and appears to be 
 generally distributed in the South of England. 
 
 DICTYNA LATENS. 
 Aranea latens, Fair., Syst. Ent., p. 432 (in part). 
 Eruatis latens, Blaoho., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 149, 
 pi. ix., fig, 95. 
 This spider is rather smaller than Dictyna arundinacea but a little 
 larger than I), u/icinatd, the male measuring about one-ninth of 
 
ol 
 
 an inch in length. It may easily bo distinguished from both 
 those species hy the prevailing hue, which is of a dark iron 
 grey, caused by a dense grey pubescence on a nearly black 
 ground. The abdomen has a broad, dontated, black band along 
 the middle of tho upper side, rather tapering at each end ; and 
 on the hinder part several whitish angular lines arc sometimes 
 visible In tho form of tho fakes, palpi, and papal organs there 
 is a very close similarity to 1). amndinacea. 
 
 Found frequently on bushes and underwood, particularly on 
 furze hushes on tho heath at Bloxworth, and in many other 
 localities in Dorsetshire, when the furze bloom is full out in Hay 
 and Juno. It is also common in numerous other parts of Eng- 
 land. 
 
 GENUS LETniA, Menye. GTNIFLO, Blackw. (in part). 
 
 Tho spiders of this genus have not the very convex caput 
 of Dictyna, nor its peculiarly shaped fakes. Tho maxilla) are 
 strong, straight, enlarged at their extremities and inclined a 
 little towards the labium, which is obloug-oval and truncated 
 at the apex. The eyes are in two transverse curved rows. 
 
 The legs are rather short, and not very different in absoluto 
 length'; their relative longth is 1.2.4.3., or 1.4.2.3., the difference 
 between 2 and 4 being very slight. There are calamistra on tho 
 metatarsi of the fourth pair, with the supernumerary spinning 
 organs in front of the other spinners ; and tho terminal tarsal 
 claws are three in number. 
 
 The spiders of this genus are all very small ; six are at present 
 known as British, four of them being found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 LETIIIA IIUMILIS. 
 
 Ciniflo iiumilis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 145, 
 pi. ix., fig. 92. 
 The adult male of this pretty little spider measures about one- 
 twelfth of an inch in length, and the female one-tenth. The 
 cephalo-thorax is of a brown hue, marked with a marginal, and 
 lateral converging, blackish-brown lines. The legs are yellowish' 
 
52 
 
 brown annulatecl with brownish, black. Tho abdomon is of a palo 
 yellowish-brown on tho upper side mixed with white, yellowish, 
 and often with red-brown ; it is divided longitudinally by a blackish 
 tapering stripe, and on the hinder half there is a series of strong 
 blackish angular bars, the extremities of which are sometimes a 
 little enlarged. Tho sides of the abdomen are thickly reticulated 
 with brown lines, and on the under side are two longitudinal 
 bands of tho same colour. The female resembles tho malo in 
 colours and markings, but the ground colour is ofton much paler, 
 and the pattern consequently more distinct. 
 
 Tho cubital joint of the malo palpus' has its foro extremity, on 
 the upper side, produced into a short, pointed, curved, reddish 
 spine, and the palpal organs are simple, with a coiled filiform 
 spine connected with their surface. 
 
 This is an abundant species, on furze bushes when in full 
 bloom on Bloxworth heath, and is also frequently found running, 
 on warm sunshiny spring mornings, on iron railings on tho 
 Eectory lawn. It is also common throughout tho southern 
 counties of England. 
 
 LETHIA MENGII. 
 
 Ciniflo MENGII, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 441, p. 33, 
 No. 7. 
 
 This spider is similar in size and form to Lethia humilis, but 
 the malo may easily bo distinguished by its darker colouring and 
 by the form and structure of tho palpi and palpal organs. 
 
 The markings on the abdomen are also less distinct, and vary 
 in their colour, being yellow-brown on a deep black-brown 
 ground. The cubital joint of the palpus is also devoid of the 
 characteristic spine found at the fore extremity of the cubital 
 joint of L. humilis. The palpal organs are big-lily developed 
 and prominent, with several processes, and a filiform spine is 
 connected with their surface. 
 
 A single example only, found on the lawn railings at Blox- 
 worth Eectory in early summer, has yet been recorded. It has 
 not, so far as I know, been observed upon the continent. 
 
53 
 
 LETHIA PUTA. 
 
 Ciniflo ptjta, Cambr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8570, ami Trans. Linn. 
 Soc. xxviii, p. 440. 
 
 The length of the female of this minute species is one-fifteenth 
 of an inch, being thus much smaller than either of the fore- 
 going, from which it may readily bo distinguished by its almost 
 uniform yellow-brown colour ; faint traces, however, of a pattern 
 on the abdomen somewhat similar to that of L. Mengii may bo 
 seen on a closo examination. 
 
 A single example only has yet been recorded in England, and 
 this was found by myself at Bloxworth in 1861. It has been 
 found in Prussia, and I have also receivod it from France. 
 
 LETHIA ALBISPIRACULIS. 
 
 Lethia albispiraoulis, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., S. 5, vol. 
 1, p. 109, p. xi., fig. 1. 
 
 This spider is very nearly allied to Lethia puta, but is rather 
 larger, stouter, and darker coloured ; it is also easily distinguished 
 by the shining white, spiracular plates, beneath the fore 
 extremity of tho abdomen. The pattern on the abdomen is 
 'somewhat similar to that of L. puts, but the vertices of the pale 
 angular lines on the hinder half of the upper side, as well as 
 their extremitios, are, each, marked with a minute tuft of white 
 hairs, thus forming three longitudinal and nearly parallel lines 
 of tufts. 
 
 The longth is about one-thirteenth of an inch. 
 
 Threo adult females were found under stones on tho Weymouth 
 shore of the Chesil Beach, Portland, on the occasion of the first 
 meeting of the Dorset Natural History Society and Antiquarian 
 Field Club, June 1st, 1875. 
 
 GENUS AMAUEOBIUS, C. L. Koch. CINIFLO, Blackw. (in 
 part). 
 
 This genus forms a passage from the present to the next 
 family (AgclcnidcsJ in which last it has usually been included. The 
 
64 
 
 character, however, of the abdominal markings, and the posses- 
 sion of calamistra and supernumerary .spinning organs, as w el 
 as the structure of the ordinary spinners, appear to me to point 
 to its present position as the most natural one. 
 
 The maxillco are enlarged and rounded at their extremity, 
 straight, but a little inclined to the labium, which is of a some- 
 what oblong-oval form truncated at tho apex. 
 
 The caput is vory slightly higher than the thorax, and its 
 lateral margins aro compressed. The eyes aro in two transverse, 
 curved rows ; those of each lateral pair are separated from each 
 other by a small but distinct interval, which is not very apparent 
 at first sight, as they are seated on contiguous dark-coloured 
 tubercles. Legs 1.4.2.3. Terminal tarsal claws 3. 
 
 The species at present known in Britain aro three only. They 
 are all of considerable size — one almost, if not (at least in some 
 examples of the female) quite, the largest of our British spiders; 
 and all three aro found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 AMAUROBIUS SIMILIS. 
 
 Ciniflo similis, Blttckw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 141, 
 pi. ix., fig. 89. 
 
 The length of the male is about 5 lines, and tho femalo is 
 (often considerably) larger. 
 
 The cephalo-tlnrax is of a reddish yellow-brown colour, 
 darkest on the forepart of the caput. Tho legs are very similar 
 in hue, with dark brown annulations ; and the abdomen is dark 
 brown with a broad, yellowish, longitudinal, band on the upper 
 side, broadest in the middle ; within the fore half of this band is 
 a more or less distinct, large, oblong, dark blackish-brown mark- 
 ing, broadest at its hinder extremity, and generally broken, both 
 longitudinally and transversely, by a pale interval. This is 
 followed, by a series of brown angular lines, to the spinners, 
 
55 
 
 which are short. The palpi and palpal organs are of complex 
 structure ; the radial joint is short and strong, but has several 
 projections at its fore extremity; one of these, towards the inner 
 side in front, is rather long, tapering, slender, curved, and 
 terminates in a rather fine, dark, spine-like point. 
 
 This is one of our commonest house-spiders, being also 
 abundant under old boards and stones, as well as in holes in gate 
 posts and timber, generally ; it is likewise found in crevices of all 
 kinds, especially in the cracks and joints of brick walls when the 
 mortar has come out. Bound tho entrance to the tubular snare 
 formed in such situations, the spider spins various rather irregu- 
 lar lines, some of which often present a somewhat radiating 
 appearance, and are dressed with some floeculent adhesive 
 silk ; flies and other insects, becoming entangled in the outer 
 lines, are immediately rushed out upon, seized, and drawn 
 into the nest by the spider who lies in wait not far from its 
 entrance It is easy to bring the spider to the mouth of its 
 dwelling by gently disturbing the snare with a grass mote. 
 This is, at the moment, mistaken by the spider, for the entangle- 
 ment of a fly ; the ruse is, however, quickly discovered, and 
 the spider retreats at once. Better still it is to drop a fly into 
 the wob, when the occupant, if at home, will not fail to make a 
 speedy prize of it. After a little time the spider may be tamed, 
 so far as to take a fly from the fingers, but at first it is necessary 
 to keep out of sight, and to be very wary in respect to the amount 
 of disturbance caused. It is tho female only that is found in these 
 situations; the male (when adult) lurks in similar places (though 
 not in a web) by day, and by night roams about, and may be 
 often found, after sunset, crawling on the walls of old dark rooms 
 and passages during the autumn, winter, and early spring 
 months. 
 
 Although abundant in England, especially in the southern 
 counties, this spider does not yet appear to have been observed 
 on the Continent:; and several attempts to acclimatize it in 
 Germany have hitherto failed of success. 
 
56 
 
 AMAUROBIUS FENESTRALIS. 
 
 Amatoobius fenestrate, Stroem, Beskr. ov. Norske Ins., 2 St., 
 in Dot Trondhiomsko Solsk Skrift iv., p. 
 362, pi. xvi., fig. xxiii. 
 Ciniflo atrox, Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 140, pi. 
 ix., fig. 88. 
 This spider is smaller than Amaurohius similis, but is very 
 nearly allied, and bears a considerable resemblance to it in 
 form, colours, markings, and structure 
 
 It may, howevor, be readily distinguished, not only by its 
 smallor size, the male measuring but 8J lines or thereabouts in 
 longth, but by its brighter and more distinct markings ; the 
 dark marking on the forohalf of tho upper side of the abdomen 
 is black-brown, less broken and much more compact, and the 
 caput is also much darker. Tho radial joint of the male palpus 
 bears a general resemblance in its structure to that of A. similis, 
 but tho projection on tho inner side in front is not so long, loss 
 pointed, i.e., somewhat obtuse, paler coloured, and of a less spinous 
 appearance. 
 The female is larger, but resembles the malo in colours and 
 
 markings. 
 
 Found, but rarely, at Bloxworth, under stones and brickbats. 
 It is much moro abundant in tho North of England, as woll as 
 in Scotland and Wales, but is not (so far as I am aware) found 
 in houses or other buildings; or, at least, it occurs much less 
 frequently in such situations than A. similis. 
 
 AMAUROBIUS FEROX. 
 
 Ciniflo ferox, Walck, Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 142, pi. ix., fig. 90. 
 This is ono of our largest spiders, tho female often measuring 
 upwards of six lines in length and the male about four-and-a-half 
 
 to five. 
 
 It is found in cellars, under the floors of dwellinghouses, in out- 
 houses, as well as (out of doors) under largo stonos and logs of 
 
57 
 
 wood. It is gonerally distributed in England ; but in the county 
 of Dorset I have found it more abundantly under large pieces of 
 detached rock near Pennsylvania Castle, Portland, than in any 
 other locality. Like some other spiders it is apt to come out from 
 its lurking place in those states of atmosphere which betoken the 
 approach of rain. It is thus frequently to be seen crawling on 
 the walls and seats of dilapidated churches, and has (I am told) 
 received the name, in the neighbourhood of Plymouth, of " Old 
 Churchman;" and it is looked upon there with a sort of 
 superstitious respect, not unmixed, however, with ill-concealed, 
 though unreasonable, disgust. 
 
 The whole spider has a black and rather sepulchral aspect; when 
 looked at more nearly the cephalo-thorax is of a dusky-brown, 
 tinged with dull yellowish, the caput being much the darkest. 
 The legs and palpi are similarly coloured with, rather indistinct, 
 sooty-black annulations; and the abdomen is dull brownish-black, 
 with the greater part of the fore-half of the upper side dusky 
 yeUowish-white.divided longitudinally by two somewhat dentated, 
 but often rather indefinite, curved bands, leaving a broad, central, 
 longitudinal, pale band, pointed behind, and followed to the 
 spinners by a series of dull yellowish-white, angular bars, of 
 which the vertices are often broken and incomplete, and some- 
 times altogether wanting, or else represented only by small 
 indistinct spots. This .last variety constitutes the Cimfio mordax 
 of Blackwall. 
 
 The palpi and palpal organs of the male are an exaggeration, 
 in their form and structure, of those of A. similis and A. atrox; 
 but a very striking and distinctive oharactor of these organs is a 
 large lobe, the most protuberant part of which is white on the 
 outer side, and in a dim light has a shining, and almost semi- 
 luminous, appearance. 
 
 The adult female is a bold and powerful spider, and will bite 
 the fingers fiercely when laid hold of. Sport, of a kind, has boen 
 furnished before now by ferreting out this spider from its tubular 
 retreat; making use of the uncanny-looking black beetle, 
 popularly known as the "Devil's coach-horse "— Oq/pm ohm— 
 for a ferret. 
 
FAMILY AGELENIDES. 
 
 m 
 
 ITH few exceptions the spider of this family may be 
 known, from the foregoing, by the greater length of 
 their very hairy, and spiny legs ; and especially by the 
 length of the superior pair of spinners. The cephalo-thorax also 
 (looked at from above) is usually much rounder behind, and the 
 caput more produced forwards, as well as much more constricted on 
 its lateral margins. The eyes are placed in two more or less curved 
 transverse rows ; they are not very large, nor greatly different in 
 size, and those of the lateral pairs are not contiguous to each other. 
 Their usual snare is a, more or less horizontal, sheet of web with 
 one or more tubular retreats leading from it, and numerous 
 irregular lines disposed about it. To this, Argyroneta aquatica, 
 Latr. (not yet found in Dorsetshire, but abundant in ditches, pools, 
 and ponds in some parts of England), is an exception. 
 
 The legs have no calamistra, and there is no supernumerary 
 spinning organ. Tarsal claws three in number. Legs 4.1.2.3. 
 
 GENUS CEYPHOECA, Thorell. TEGENAEIA, Blaclw, in 
 part + COELOTES, Cambr., in part. 
 
 An obscure genus, of which two species only are regarded as 
 British. One of these (not yet found in Dorsetshire) is included 
 by Mr. Blackwall in the genus Tcgcnaria—T. sihicola, "Walck.— 
 and the other, described by myself some years since, provisionally, 
 as a Coelotes, was found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 The maxillce are - straight, rounded at their extremity, some- 
 times inclined to the labium, which is short, broadest at the 
 base, and truncated at the apex. Eyes in two slightly curved, 
 
59 
 
 nearly parallel rows ; and the tibiae and metatarsi of the first and 
 second pairs have two parallel, longitudinal rows of spines 
 beneath them. 
 
 CRYPHOECA MOERENS. 
 
 Coelotes moerens, Cambr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8572. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of this rare spider is dull, pale yellowish- 
 brown, marked with dark blackish margins and converging lines, 
 and suffused with blackish at the forepart of the caput. The 
 foremost row of eyes is the shortest and nearly straight, and the 
 hinder one curves slightly from it, the convexity of the 
 curve directed backwards. The eyes of the foremost row are 
 very close together. The legs and palpi are paler than the 
 cephalo-thorax, and the former have their tibiae, tarsi, and meta- 
 tarsi suffused with blackish. The maxillae are strongly inclined 
 to the labium. The abdomen is black, freckled with small pale 
 ■ipots or points ; the upper side has a whitish spot on each side 
 of the middle ; each of these is followed by an oblong, slightly 
 oblique patch of the same colour, after which come two other 
 patches, on each side, rather more oblique and (like the former) 
 opposed to each other, forming angular lines, interrupted at their 
 apices ; between these and the spinners are one or two short, 
 rather curved, transverse lines of a similar hue. 
 
 The inferior spinners are longer and stronger than the 
 superior ; thus differing from those of the rest of the Jgelenides. 
 
 A single example, not yet adult, and measuring only 1-1 5th 
 of an inch in length, was found among low plants in Berewood 
 near Bloxworth, in May, 1862, and still remains unique. 
 
 I am not convinced as to the correctness of its present systematic 
 position, in which, however, I have placed it in accordance with 
 the opinion of Mons. Eugene Simon, who has carefully examined 
 the specimen here described. 
 
 GENUS COELOTES, Blackw. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax in this genus is of an elongate form, oval 
 behind, broadish in front, and constricted (but not so strongly as 
 
60 
 
 in some other genera) on the lateral margins of the caput, which 
 is of a well rounded convex shape behind the eyes. The oyos 
 are in two nearly concentrically curved rows, of which the 
 anterior row is the shortest, and the convexity of the curves is 
 dirocted backwards ; they do not differ greatly in size, the fore- 
 laterals being the largest, and the fore-centrals the smallest. 
 
 The legs are moderate in length, 4.1.2.3, strong, and furnished 
 with hairs, bristles, and spines. 
 
 The falces are long, powerful, and very prominent, or gibbous, 
 at their base in front. 
 
 The maxillfo are strong and rather of a curved form, broadest 
 towards their extremity, where they are rounded on the outer, 
 and obliquely truncated on the inner sides. The labium is 
 oblong-oval, truncated at the apex, and about two-thirds of the 
 length of the maxilla). 
 
 One species only is as yet known in Great Britain, and that 
 one has very lately occurred in Dorsetshire. 
 
 COELOTES ATROPOS. 
 
 Drasstjs ateopos, Walck., Ins., Apt. ii., p. 627. 
 Coelotes saxatilia, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 169, 
 pi. xii., fig. 109. 
 
 Length of the male 5 to 5£ lines: female rather larger. 
 Cephalo-thorax dark reddish-brown, darkest on the caput. 
 The legs are of a rather redder hue than the cephalo- 
 thorax. The palpi (of the male) have the cubital and radial 
 joints short; on the outside of the cubital joint is a large 
 prominent apophysis with two angular prominences on its upper 
 side. At the outer side of the radial joint is a pointed, and in 
 front of it a shorter obtuse, apophysis. 
 
 The palpal organs are prominent and complex, with a curved, 
 finely pointed spine on the inner side. The falces are strong, 
 very prominent at the base in front, and like the caput in colour. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, rather broadest behind, yellowish-brown, 
 marked, and spotted with black ; and has a longitudinal, central, 
 black band, tapering to a line at the spinners. On each side of 
 
61 
 
 this band is a series of oblique, brownish lines, which often unite 
 towards the hinder part and represent the ordinary angular 
 lines. 
 
 Examples of this fine spider have very lately (October, 1878) 
 been sent to me by Mr. C. W. Dale, by whom they were found 
 near Lyme Regis in this county. It is usually found 
 under stones, in woods and waste places; and is adult in the 
 spring and summer months. It has occurred more commonly in 
 North Wales, the North of England, Scotland, and in Wych- 
 wood Forest, near Oxford. Mr. Dale has also (in 1877) sent it 
 to me from Lynton, in tho North of Devon. 
 
 GENUS TEGENARIA, Lutr. 
 
 The spiders of this genus have the cephalo-thorax very broad- 
 oval behind, and much constricted, laterally, on the margins of 
 the caput. Ealces powerful ; legs long, well clad with hairs' 
 hristlos, and spines. Superior 6pinners much the longest, 
 bi-articulate, and upturned. Mr. Blaekwall describes the 
 superior spinners of Tegenaria, and some others of the Ayelenides, 
 as tri-cvrticulate ; but the portion he considered to be a basal 
 joint, is no more than a continuous, inarticulate, prominence of 
 the abdomen itself. Maxillae long, straight, broadest at the 
 extremity, where they are rounded on the outer, and obliquely 
 truncated on the inner side. Labium short, oblong, rather 
 hollowed at the apex. 
 
 Most of the genus Tegenaria are house-spiders, or, at least, live 
 in houses quite as much as out of doors. They spin a horizontal 
 sheet of web, covered by numerous lines crossing each other in 
 various directions, in the anglos of walls, corners of unused rooms 
 and collars, &c, with one or more apertures near the centre of 
 the web leading to a somewhat tubidar retreat, in or at the 
 mouth of which they usually lie in wait. 
 
 Five species are at present known in -Britain, and four of these 
 havo been found in Dorsetshire j the fifth species (Tegenaria 
 Guyonii, Guorin, T. domestica, Blackw.) is the largest of the 
 group ; the extent of its outstretched legs often reaching four 
 
62 
 
 inches. There seems to be no reason why it should not occur in 
 this county. It is abundant in cellars, cupboards, and dark 
 unused rooms at Oxford, as well as in the London district, and 
 homo counties. It has been called " The Cardinal Spider " owing 
 to a tradition which connects it in some way with Cardinal 
 Wolsey, during his residence at Hampton Court. 
 
 TEGENABIA ATBICA. 
 
 Teoenakia atrioa, C. L. Koch., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 165, pi. xi., fig. 106. 
 
 This spider is almost, if not quite, as large in the body as 
 Tegenaria Quyonii ; but it is much shorter in the legs, and more 
 distinct in its colours and markings. The length of the male is 
 sometimes as much as 7 lines, and that of the female 9 lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is pale reddish-brown, darkest on the 
 caput, with a narrow, marginal, dark-brown line, and a broad 
 band of the same colour, on each side of the central longitudinal 
 line ; these bands are crossed by darker lines following the normal 
 indentations of the thorax. The legs are long, of a yellow-brown 
 hue, tinged with reddish ; those of the two first pairs, especially the 
 femoral joints, being by far the deepest coloured. The abdomen 
 is of a pale yellow-brown colour, thickly marked and spotted with 
 deep brown, and leaving, on the upper side, a longitudinal series 
 of pale, yellowish, angular lines, whose extremities are dilated 
 into blotches. The vertices of the angular lines, on the fore 
 part, are obscured by a longitudinal band of the same colour, 
 which, however, in some examples, runs narrowly throughout 
 the abdomen. The spots on the sides run into oblique lines, and 
 those underneath form two parallel, longitudinal, but obscure 
 bands. The sternum is yellowish, with a broad, marginal, black- 
 brown band, spotted with large yellow spots, one opposite to the 
 insertion of each of the legs. The middle joint of each of the 
 superior spinners is blackish. 
 
 The radial joint of the male palpus has a large protuberance 
 on the outer side, terminating in a prominent apophysis whose 
 
63 
 
 extremity is obtuse and slightly enlarged. The digital joint is 
 long, the fore extremity being much elongated or drawn out, 
 though less so than in Tegenaria Ouyonii. The palpal organs are 
 complex, but want the long, curved, slender spine so observable 
 in the last montioned species. 
 
 Found abundantly in cellars, dark unused rooms, and cup- 
 boards at Weymouth, as well as beneath large pieces of detached 
 rock near Pennsjdvania Castle, Portland, where they spin their 
 snares in the hollows and interstices formed by numerous blocks 
 of stone thrown loosely together. Mv. Dale has also sent it to 
 me from Glanvilles Wootton. 
 
 It appears to be rather a local spider, but is found in various 
 other parts of England, though not abundantly. I have also 
 received it from Glasgow. 
 
 TEGENARIA DERHAMII. 
 
 Abanea derhamii, Scopoli, Ent. Cam, p. 400. 
 Tegenabia civilis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 166, 
 pi. xii., fig. 107. 
 This species is much smaller than Tegenaria atrica, the male 
 being only from 3 to 4 lines in length, and the female 5 to 
 5& ; it is also far more abundant, and more generally distributed, 
 being in fact the common house-spider of Europe. It 
 also extends its habitation to North America, New Zealand, 
 Africa, St. Helena, and other exotic regions ; to some, or all, of 
 which placos it has most probably been introduced in merchant 
 vessels, among goods and packages. It is of a dull whitey- 
 brown, or yellow-brown, colour on the abdomen, marked along 
 the middle with a series of somewhat triangular, dark-brown, or 
 sooty-black spots or patches, on each side of which are some 
 rounder ones, also disposed longitudinally ; these are sometimes 
 united, and, with other spots and markings of a similar colour 
 form the abdominal pattern. The cephalo-thorax is reddish 
 yellow-brown, with blackish margins and lateral longitudinal 
 bands ; and the legs are also of the same colour, the metatarsi 
 
64 
 
 and tarsi being the darkest, and the femora of the male "very 
 dark red-brown ; the femora and tibiee are often faintly annulated 
 with dusky blackish. The apophysis near the extremity, on the 
 outer side, of the radial joint is blackish and pointed ; the digital 
 joint is similar in form to that of T. atrica, and the palpal organs 
 are rather complex, with a strongish, curved, sharp-pointed spine 
 near their extremity. 
 
 Tound plentifully in all parts of the county, and of Great 
 Britain generally, forming its snare in the angles of cellars and 
 rooms, also bohind old boards, in the corners of cupboards, and 
 in old boxes, &c. 
 
 TEGENARIA CAMPESTRIS. 
 
 Tegenaria campestris, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn viii., p. 34, Taf. 
 263, fig 615, 616. 
 
 This spider is smaller than Tegenaria JDerhamii. The length 
 of the adult male being only 2J- lines, or rather more, and that 
 of the female about 3 £ ; and it is found more frequently out-of- 
 doors than in-doors. 
 
 It may be distinguished readily, not only by its smaller size, but 
 by its more distinct colouring and markings, which are very like 
 those of T. atrica, though with a paler and clearer ground ; 
 especially it may be known (the adult males at least) by the very 
 large size of the digital joint of the palpus, and the greatly exag- 
 gerated development of the palpal organs. The penultimate joint 
 of the superior pair of spinners is black, and the legs are annulated 
 with blackish-brown. Adults of both sexes have been met with 
 in early summer, as well as in the month of November. 
 
 I have met with it not uncommonly among heather, dead fern 
 and other rubbish, on the sides of banks on Bloxworth Heath ; 
 also under heaps of brickbats and stonos in the Eectory yard, as 
 well as among casks and firewood in a woodhouso adjoining. 
 Mr. Dale has sent me this spider from Glanvilles "Wootton; 
 and I have also found it in Hampshire, 
 
65 
 TEGBNABIA CINEBEA. 
 
 Abanea oinerea, Panzer, Faun. Ins. Germ, 4, 23, and Thorell, 
 Syn. Eur. Spid., 514. • 
 
 Teoenabia cicurea, C. L. Koch, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. 
 xxviii, p. 535. 
 
 This spider may easily be known from most of its congeners by its 
 smaller size, the male measuring 3 lines in length, and the female 
 3J- to 4 ; and particularly by its plainer colouring, the abdomen 
 being of a uniform, greyish, luteous colour without markings of 
 any kind. The legs are not so hairy as those of some others of 
 that genus, but more spiny. The palpal organs are complex and 
 highly developed, with a strong, curved spine on the inner side, 
 and a twisted, sharp-pointed spine on the outer side, both near 
 their base. 
 
 Adult examples, of both sexes, were found in a dry, 
 unused sewer at Bloxworth Rectory in the autumn of 1872. 
 Their snares, spun in the angles of the sewer, resembled those of 
 Tegenaria Derhamii ; and their egg cocoons, of a flattish, lenticular 
 form and white colour, were loosely attached by silken threads 
 to the walls, where any inequality existed. 
 
 GENUS TEXTRIX, Smd. 
 
 This genus is nearly allied to Tegenaria, but may be dis- 
 tinguished by the caput being still more constricted on the sides, 
 and rather more produced forwards. The spinners of the superior 
 pair are also longer, and the hinder row of eyes instead of having 
 the convexity of its curve directed backwards, has it, on the con- 
 trary, directed forwards, so that the position of the eyes assumes 
 somewhat that of the genus Lycosa. 
 
 I am not aware that the spiders of this genus are ever found 
 in houses, but generally in crevices of banks, and among loose 
 stones of walls, and such like places ; two species only are 
 known as British, both being found in Dorsetshire, 
 
66 
 
 TEXTBIX DENTICULATA. 
 
 Aranea dentioulata, Olivier, Encyl. Moth, iv., p. 213. 
 Textrix lyoosina, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. p. 172, 
 pi. xii., fig, 110. 
 
 I have found this handsome spider, but rarely in any other 
 locality than in Portland, where it occurs freely in the cracks 
 and crevices of the blue-clay cliffs, and among rocks and stones> 
 and in the walls of old stone quarries ; its snare is similar to that 
 of Tegenaria, consisting of a thin sheet of web, stretched horizon- 
 tally near the crack or crevice in which the spider lives ; and 
 into this crevice is spun the tubular, or semi-funnol-shaped, 
 passage through which the spider goes in and out. The colour 
 of this spider is nearly black, with' distinctly annulated, black 
 and pale coloured legs ; the upper side of the abdomen has a broad, 
 longitudinal, dentated band, of a red and yellow colour, mixed 
 with brown and blackish, running from the fore extremity to a 
 little way above the spinners. The cubital and radial joints of 
 the male palpus are furnished with long black bristles, and the 
 latter joint has a strong, sharp projection at its extremity on the 
 outer side. The palpal organs are highly developed and 
 complex. 
 
 The length of the male is about 3 lines, and the female is 
 somewhat larger. 
 
 TEXTRIX BOOPIS. 
 
 Aoelena boopis, Ccimlr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8571. 
 
 A very young example only of this spider has as yet been 
 found. The greater (apparent) inequality in the size of the 
 eyes, as well as a rather different disposition of them, led me to 
 describe it some years ago as a new species. I have more 
 recently had some doubts whether it may not be meroly a very 
 young examplo of Textrix denticulata, as I have since found, in 
 reference to some other very young spiders, that in this stage 
 the relative proportion of the eyes appears to be exaggerated, 
 
67 
 
 and their disposition somewhat different. Until, however, I have 
 had an opportunity of examining undoubted examples of T. 
 denticulata in an equally immature stage of existence, its identity 
 with the present spider is only conjectural. The example under 
 consideration was found near Bloxworth, but I have no note upon 
 the situation in which it occurred, and which has now escaped my 
 recollection. 
 
 GENUS AGELENA, Walck. 
 
 Closely allied to Textrix, but the spinners are not so long 
 though very similar, and the disposition of the eyes is quite 
 different ; the convexity of the curve of the hinder row being 
 strongly directed backwards. The habits of spiders of this 
 genus are also somewhat different, being found in open places 
 among short undercover, such as furze and heath, and among 
 the rank grass and weeds on the sides of banks, and under 
 hedge rows. Three species are at present known as British, one 
 only being found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 AGELENA LABYBINTHICA. 
 
 Aqelena labyrinthioa, Clerck., Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 152, pi. x., fig. 97. 
 
 This is one of our largest spiders, with whoso extensive, horizon- 
 tal sheet of web, stretched among the rough grass, or among furze 
 and heath, as well as among rank herbage on bank sides, and with 
 a distinct funnel leading from it into the grass, or other herbage 
 behind, everyone must bo familiar. 
 
 The length of the male is 5 lines and that of the female 5 to 
 7 lines. 
 
 The spider itself is of a sombro blackish hue, with some 
 greyish yellow-brown, angular bars in a longitudinal series on 
 the upper side of the abdomen. The spinning tubes are placed 
 underneath the last joint of the superior pair of spinners. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is reddish-brown, with lateral, longitudinal, 
 dark-brown bands ; the central portion as well as the marginal 
 
regions are covered with yellowish-brown hairs. The legs are 
 reddish-brown, the tibire and tarsi annulatod with darker brown. 
 The cubital joint of the male palpus has a strong, dark-brown 
 projection at its outer extremity, and the radial joint has a longer, 
 more pointed one at its extremity underneath. 
 
 The male and female, when adult, appear to live together, in 
 their funnel-shaped silken retreat, in a state of great amit/ . 
 
 It is not easy to capture this spider ; in fact, to make sure of 
 it, the collector must come behind the snare very quietly and 
 drop a small particle of a blade of grass, or othei substance, 
 among the intersecting lines which cover the horizontal web ; 
 this seems to be mistaken for a fly or some other insect, and 
 seldom fails to bring the spider to the entrance of the funnel ; 
 the collector must afterwards thrust his hand suddenly into 
 the herbage, and secure the opposite end of the funnel, and then, 
 on the whole domicile being carefully drawn out, the tenant or 
 tenants will be found inside the web. Unless somo such precau- 
 tions as above detailed be taken, the spider seldom fails to escape 
 through the orifice at the hinder extremity of its funnel-shaped 
 nest. 
 
 GENUS HAHNIA, C. L. Koch. 
 
 The genus Hahnia forms a group of small spidors of a short 
 and rather robust form, with the long superior spinners of 
 Agelena, and with the spinning tubes similarly situatod beneath 
 their last joints ; it differs, however, slightly from that genus in 
 the position of the eyes, but most remarkably in that of the 
 spinners. These aro upturned, rather divergent from oacli other, 
 and form a single, transverse, noarly straight lino, beneath the 
 hinder extremity of the abdomen ; the exterior spinner on each 
 side — representing thoso of the usual superior pair — being the 
 largest and longest. 
 
 Five species have been recorded in Britain, and all of them 
 are found in Dorsetshire, 
 
HAHNIA ELEGANS. 
 Agelena eleoans, Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 155, 
 pi. x., fig 99. 
 
 This is the largest of the British species, the male measuring 
 l-9th and the female l-8th of an inch in length. 
 
 The abdomen is of a dark, blackish-brown colour, marked with 
 a serios of obliquely opposed, yellowish, oval, spots, forming 
 angular bars along the middle of the upper side ; the rest of the 
 spider is of a brightish yellow-brown tinged with orange, the 
 cephalo-thorax being marked with a longitudinal central, and 
 lateral converging, black-brown lines. 
 
 I have met with this spider in holes, such as those made by 
 the hoofs of cattle, in swampy places, as well as among moss and 
 water weeds in similar situations, in the month of June, near 
 Chamberlain's Bridge, between Bere Eegis and Wool. It is in 
 such holes, and in other depressions of the surface, that this 
 spider spins its snare, which consists of a small, simple, horizontal 
 sheet of web. 
 
 HAHNIA NAVA. 
 
 Agelena nava, Bladw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 158, pi. x. 
 fig. 101. 
 ,, subfusca, Camlr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., June, 1861. 
 
 . A very small, dark coloured, and rather hirsute spider ; the 
 male measuring about one line, and the female about 1-1 1th of an 
 inch in length. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a deep, glossy, brown-black ; the legs 
 and palpi are dark-brown, tinged slightly with yellowish ; and the 
 femora and tibieo of the first and second pairs are of a deeper hue* 
 The abdomen is very dark-brownish or sooty black, the under part 
 being rather paler ; and the spinners have an annulated appear- 
 ance, being dark yellow-brown with pale articulations. The 
 palpi of the male are short, the cubital joint has a small promin- 
 ent process on its outer side, near the upper part, and the radial 
 
?0 
 
 joint has on its under side a curved spine-like apophysis whose 
 point is directed outwards. The digital joint is rather large, and 
 the palpal organs simple, and almost surrounded by a long, 
 slender, black, filiform spine. Some examples are of a deeper 
 hue than others, and often of a slightly olive-greenish tinge. 
 Specimens kept for some time in spirit of wine lose their black 
 hue, and become rather like tho next species. 
 
 I have found this spider in spring and early summer at Blox- 
 worth, running in sunshine, on iron railings, walls, and 
 posts ; also among short grass and herbage in meadows, as well 
 as under the crust left by the drying up of puddles on the 
 damper parts of tho heath. It may easily be distinguished from 
 numerous other small blackish spiders, found in some of the 
 above situations, and at the same season of the year, by the 
 peculiar position of its spinners, as well as by its rather hirsute 
 appearance. 
 
 HAHNIA MONTANA. 
 
 AgeI/ENA Montana, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 157, 
 pi. x., fig. 100. 
 
 The length of the male of this spider is 1 line and that of 
 the female l-10th of an inch, some examples however being 
 smaller. It may be distinguished from ITahnia nava by its more 
 prevailing yellow-brown colour, and less hirsute appearance. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax, legs, and palpi are yellowish-brown, tho 
 former with a blackish margin, and lateral converging lines .of 
 a dusky, blackish hue ; the abdomen is dark brown tinged with 
 yellowish and olive, and (when looked at closely) has its surface 
 covered with minute dusky yellowish spots. Some of these, 
 along the middle of the upper side, are arranged in a series of 
 transverse angular lines, indicating more exactly the position of 
 some obscure pale angular bars, while those on the sides are 
 arranged in, either somewhat longitudinal, or oblique, pale 
 lines. 
 
 The palpi of the male are very similar to those of BTahnia nava, 
 but the digital joint is larger, and the cubital and radial apophy- 
 
7i 
 
 ses not so long, though apparently rather stronger in proportion. 
 Also on the outer side, and rather beneath the humeral joint is 
 a longitudinal row of several prominent black spines, or spine- 
 like bristles, which I do not observe in H. nova ; the palpal 
 organs are much like those of that species, but more convex and 
 prominent. 
 
 Found among moss and herbage in woods, and also among 
 heather, at Bloxworth, in spring and early summer, and very 
 lately received from Sherborne, where it has been met with by 
 my nephew, P. P. Cambridge. This is, I have no doubt, 
 identical with Mr. Blackwall's Agelena montana, found in North 
 Wales; though, subsequently to the publication of his work 
 (Spiders of Great Brit, and Irel.) I have received from him, under 
 this name, numerous examples, of both sexes, of a larger and quite 
 distinct species — Hahnia heheola, Simon (p. 72). 
 
 HAHNIA CANDIDA. 
 
 Hahnia Candida, Sim., Arachn. de France torn, ii., p. 143. 
 
 Length of the male scarcely more than l-18th of an inch. 
 Female slightly longer. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Hahnia montana, but may be 
 easily distinguished by its smaller size, and paler and more 
 unicolorous appearance. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax, legs, and palpi are of a yellowish colour. 
 The former tinged with brown, and marked with obscure con- 
 verging lateral lines of a rather deeper hue. The palpi of the 
 
 male are short, andthe cubital jointhasnoapophysis; at least.Ican- 
 not discern any. The humeral joint has a longitudinal row of 
 several small black spines, on the outer side rather underneath ; 
 the radial joint is prolonged behind into a longish, fine-pointed,' 
 tapering, curved apophysis, curving round outwards, and its point 
 directed forwards on the outer side ; the digital joint is very 
 large ; the palpal organs are simple, directed inwards, and 
 encircled by a very fine reddish-brown spine. 
 
 The abdomen is of a short-oval form, of a dull yellowish- 
 brown colour, marked above with a short, longitudinal, central, 
 
n 
 
 obscure, dusky-brown line, and followed by a series of obscure 
 angular lines of a similar hue. These lines are long, spanning 
 the whole upper side of the abdomen, and each portion of the 
 lines is rather curved. Spinners normal. The sexes are similar 
 in colours and markings. 
 
 I met with adult examples, of both sexes, under stones near 
 Pennsylvania Castle, Portland, some years ago, in the months of 
 September and October, and have also received it from Scotland. 
 
 This is its first record as a British spider, as distinct from 
 Eahiia montana, with which it was at first confused ; the 
 male is new to science ; the female, only, having been described 
 by M. Eugene Simon (1. c. supra). 
 
 HAHNIA HELVEOLA. 
 
 Hahnia helveola, Sim., Arachn. de Prance, torn, ii., p. 139. 
 
 Length of the male, ljrd of a line; the female being rather 
 larger. 
 
 This spider maybe distinguished from Agelena montana, Bl., by 
 its larger size, paler colour, less distinct markings, and the long 
 hairs on the abdomen and legs. 
 
 Oephalo-thorax, dull yellow-brown, rather elongate; legs 
 rather paler, and furnished with numerous long coarse hairs. 
 Palpi (of the male), similar in colour to the legs ; the cubital joint 
 has, towards the hinder extremity, and rather beneath the outer 
 side, a small, prominent, somewhat bent, spine-like apophysis ; 
 and the radial joint, which is shorter than the cubital, has its 
 outer side, rather underneath, produced into a longish, dark, 
 pointed spine, curved upwards and backwards in a circular 
 form, so that its fine point is in contact with the fore margin of 
 the joint. The digital joint is large; the palpal organs very 
 simple, and encircled by a fine black spine. 
 
 The abdomen is of a dull brownish-grey hue, clothed with 
 longish, coarse hairs, and with a series of rather long, obscure, 
 angular bars, of a deeper colour, along the upper part. Spinners 
 normal, but rather longer than those of Hahnia montana. The 
 sexes do not differ in colours and markings. 
 
This spider has been confused with Agelcna montana, Bl. I 
 have found it (though rarely) at Bloxworth, among moss in 
 woods, in spring and autumn ; and have received numerous 
 examples from North Wales from Mr. Blackwall, under tho name 
 of Agelcna montana. This is its first record as a British spider. 
 
FAMILY SCYTODIDES. 
 
 HIS family consists of a small group of, mostly exotic, 
 six-ryed spiders, with longish weak logs, and a lame 
 halting- mode of running. The cephalo-thorax is of 
 peculiar form, its hinder part being largo^ very convex, and 
 more or less elevated above the level of the fore part, and shew- 
 ing none of the ordinary divisional indentations, but sloping 
 off gradually from the posterior to the anterior extremity, which 
 is rather narrow ; near this the eyes are placed in three groups, 
 of two, contiguous eyes in each group, forming a triangle whoso 
 apex is in front. 
 
 The spiders of this group are generally found in houses, or 
 other old buildings, and among ruins. Two genera only are 
 known in Europe, ono of these being represented in England. 
 
 GENUS SCYTODES, Latr. 
 
 The hinder part of tho cephalo-thorax is remarkably elovated 
 or humped; the thoracic region being greatly developed, 
 apparently, at the expense of the caput, which is small. The 
 posterior slope is vertical, and from the highest point the 
 slope is rapid, but even on all sides, the ordinary grooves 
 and indentations being nearly or quite obsolete. The lateral 
 margins of the caput are compressed below the eyes, close 
 to the fore extromity, which is truncated. Legs rather 
 long, slender, furnished with hairs only— 4.1.2.3.; terminal 
 tarsal claws three in number, the two superior ones strong, the 
 inferior very small. Maxilla) weak, pointed at their extremities, 
 enlarged at the base, and much inclined towards the labium, 
 which is of a sub-triangidar form rounded or truncated at its 
 apex. 
 
?5 
 
 On account of tho number of its eyes Scytodes was placod by 
 Mr. Blackwall in closo proximity to Dysdcra and other six-eyed 
 spiders. The better opinion seems to be, that it is (as here 
 placed) near tho P/tolcidcs and Thcridiides, that its true position 
 is to be assigned. 
 
 SCYTODES TIIORACICA. 
 
 Scytodes thoiucica, Latr., Blacho., Spid. Great Brit, and Irol., 
 p. 380, id. xxix, fig. 272. 
 
 Length of the fomalo nearly 4 lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is yellow, boldly, but rather irregularly, 
 marked with black-brown. Tho legs are also yellow ; in one 
 example (an adult) the genua, both extremities of the tibiae, and 
 the hinder extremity of the metatarsi, were deep black-brown ; 
 in an immature example the femora and tibice were thinly spotted, 
 or irregularly annulated, with a similar hue. The palpi are Uko 
 the legs in colour and markings. The fakes, sternum, maxilla', 
 and labium are also yellow, the falces marked in front with a 
 blackish spot or patch. The abdomen is somewhat globular, of a 
 paler and dullor hue than the rest, marked with black spots and 
 patches, forming two longitudinal, central, parallel lines, with 
 some others slightly oblique, but nearly vertical, on the sides. 
 Spinners short, and compact. 
 
 The palpal organs of the male of this spider (as well as of all 
 ' other known males of this group) aro exceedingly similar in form 
 to those of Segcstria, and the various genera of tho Thcraplwsidex, 
 consisting of a pear-shaped corneous bulb, attached to tho digital 
 joint of tho palpus by its larger end. 
 
 Until of late years, the claim of this spider to a placo in tho 
 British fauna rested on tho authority of Dr. Leach, who states 
 (Encyclop. Britt. Art. Annulosa, Suppl. to the -1th, 5th and Cth 
 Editions) that two females had been found near Dover. In 1801 
 I found an adult female in an outhouse at Bloxworth Eectory ; 
 and, more recently, an immature one at St. Alban'sHall, Oxford. 
 It must, howovor, be regarded as one of our rarest spiders, and, 
 in these northern latitudes, not likely to be often met with. 
 
**^0'jf 7?pfe=5t&S : " !: " 
 
 :^*^Oc€^% 
 
 FAMILY PHOLCIDES. 
 
 (S^HIS family consists of spiders possessing eight eyes, in the 
 fir only known British genus, as well as of others, both 
 ^ L European and exotic, with but six eyes. They may bo known 
 by their small, generally somewhat cylindrical abdomen, and 
 excessively long slender legs, as well as by the prominence of 
 the foro part of the cephalo-thorax near the falces. Tho tarsal 
 claws are 3. The eyes of the eight-eyed species are placed in 
 three groups — two lateral groups, each consisting of three con- 
 tiguous eyes of tolerable size, and between these the third group of 
 two other eyes, contiguous to each other and very small, is placed 
 in a tranverse line. In the six-eyed species, the central group is 
 wanting ; they are found almost always in houses, ruins, or in 
 buildings, of some kind ; or, occasionally, under and among large 
 stones and rocks, lying loosely in heaps. Ono genus only (hav- 
 ing eight eyes) is represented in Great Britain. 
 
 GENUS PHOLCUS, Walch. 
 
 The thoracic region is round, with a largo, deep pit, or indenta- 
 tion in the middle ; the eyes are in three groups as above men- 
 tioned, and the legs exceedingly long and attenuated, their 
 relative length being 1.2.4.3. Maxilk* long, narrow, enlarged 
 at their base, tapering to their extremities, and curved round the 
 labium, which is large, narrow at the base, broad in the middle, 
 and rounded at the apex. 
 
77 
 
 PHOLCUS PHALANGIOIOE3. 
 
 Pholous piiaxanoioides (FueaslmJ, Blaekio, Spid. Groat Brit, and 
 Irel. p. 208, pi. xv., fig. 137. 
 
 Length of the male, 3 lines, and of the female 4. 
 
 This the only known British species of Pholcides, and it is, so 
 far as I am aware, confined to the southern parts of England, 
 over which it is generally spread. In unused rooms, lofts, and 
 outhouses, at Bloxworth, it is exceedingly abundant ; spinning 
 large sheets of irregular webs in tho corners and angles, adding 
 to them year by year, until at last the whole ceiling becomes 
 covered by them, hanging in large festoons, when, at length, 
 they often break down by the weight of accumulated 
 dust. This spider may be easily known by its small, almost 
 cylindrical, but slightly constricted, abdomen, and very long, 
 slender, hairy legs. The colour of the cephalo-thorax is pale 
 brownish-yellow, with a longitudinal, central, brown band, 
 broadest behind. Tho legs are pale brown, and the abdomen is 
 very like the cephalo-thorax in colour, with a broken band of a 
 darker colour along the middle of the upper side, and some 
 similarly coloured spots along the sides. Its eggs are joined to- 
 gether by silken lines, in the form of a little ball, which it carries 
 in its mouth until the young spiders are hatched. The move- 
 ments of this spider, though tolerably quick at times, are 
 generally lame and awkward ; it has a remarkable habit 
 (observed also in some other spiders of a widely removed family, 
 Epeirides) of giving itself a peculiar, and rapid, vibratory 
 motion, on a slight disturbance of its web, and sometimes on the 
 mere approach of anyone towards it. This is done at times per- 
 haps under the influence of fear, but at other times probably 
 under an impression that some insect is getting into the web, 
 and so, by way of a little help, to entangle it the more certainly ; 
 the web also being thus caused to vibrate, or shake very quickly to 
 and fro ; the exact mechanical means by which these vibratory 
 movements are effected, I have never been able to observe 
 satisfactorily. 
 
78 
 
 Pholcus pftalangioides, like some other widely separated spiders, 
 overpowors its prey by spinning lines round it, turning it round 
 and round rapidly with the legs until it is completely enveloped, 
 and then carrying it off into the recesses of its snare. The follow- 
 ing detail of an operation of this kind, which I had lately an 
 opportunity of witnessing, seems to bo worth recording : — 
 
 A fly of tolerable size became entangled among the outer lines 
 of the snare ; the spider immediately approached, but no nearer 
 than just to reach the fly with the legs of the hinder (or fourth) 
 pair ; it then drew silken lines from its spinners, and, with the 
 samo legs, secured them to tho fly ; this was immediately followed 
 by a rapid, alternate winding action upon the fly, effected also by 
 the fourth pair of legs, occasionally assisted by one of the third 
 pair. The fly was thus quickly and completely wound up, and 
 at once carried off to the recesses of the snare in the claws of 
 tho fourth pair of legs. No bite was inflicted upon the fly, 
 which possibly may have been thus kept a living captive for days 
 to come in the spider's larder. Some species of Epeirides practise 
 a very similar mode of securing their prey. 
 
 The palpi and palpal organs of the male are very remarkable. 
 The radial joint is very large, tumid, and of an oval form ; the 
 digital joint small and roundish. The palpal organs are 
 enormously developed, consisting of several strong, corneous, 
 pale yellowish, and deep red-brown processes. With some 
 modifications, a somewhat similar structure seems to prevail in 
 all tho species of this genus. 
 
FAMILY THERIDIIDES. 
 
 sHE spiders of this family»may bo characterized, generally, 
 ' as of small size, hut with the abdomen usually very 
 large in proportion, and often, especially in females, 
 globular, or nearly so, in form ; the legs, too, are slender, but 
 not often immoderately long. They are furnished with hairs, fre- 
 quently with bristles, and, in some groups, with spines, and tho 
 tormina! tarsal claws are three in number. The eyes aro in two 
 transverse curved rows, not very far distant from each other; but 
 tho four centrals nearly always form an almost square figure. 
 Their snare consists of either a thin, horizontal sheet of web, with 
 intersecting linos above and below, or else some irregular lines 
 crossing and re-crossing each other, and so forming a kind of 
 maze, in which thsir prey is entangled and their egg cocoons 
 placed. The spocios are very numerous, and among them are 
 some of the smallest known spiders, not exceeding in length the 
 twenty-fifth of an inch. Thoy are found in greatly diversified 
 situations, sometimes almost exclusively in buildings ; but usually 
 on plants, shrubs, and trees ; among grass and herbage of all kinds ; 
 under stonos ; among moss and dead leaves ; on all kinds of soil ; 
 and in marshy, as well as in dry places. The spidors usualty called 
 Gossamer spidors, those, that is, to which are duo the floating linos 
 and white flakes of web, so noticeable, especially on a warm, 
 bright September or October day, mostly belong to this family. 
 At that season, as well as in the spring-time of the year, the 
 young of these small spiders are exceedingly aeronautic in their 
 habits. 
 
80 
 GENUS EPISINUS, Wahh THEEIDION, Blachw. (in part). 
 
 The general form and appearance of the only spider of this 
 genus, found in Great Britain, are so remarkable, and so 
 aberrant from the typical genera of the family, that no difficulty 
 will be found in recognising it should it be met with ; indeed, 
 the difficulty is to retain it consistently in its present position. 
 Few persons would at first sight consider it to belong to the 
 Theridiidos, In some respects it bears considerable resemblance 
 to some of the Thomisides, especially to the spiders of a very 
 remarkable group allied to that family. — Stephanopis, Cambr., 
 found in Australia, where, however, no examples of Episinus 
 have yet been found. In South America Episinus occurs in com- 
 pany with somo other spiders distinctly intermediate between it 
 and the Australian Stephanopis. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is much the broadest behind, and of a 
 flattish form, the thorax higher than the caput. The eyes are 
 small and placed in the form of a segment of a circle, whose con- 
 vexity is diroctod forwards. The relative length of the legs, 
 which are without spines, is 1.4.2.3., 1 and 4 are long, 2 and 3 
 very much shorter; the length of those of the third pairnot 
 much, if at all, exceeding that of the spider itself. The 
 maxillee are moderate in length and strength, enlarged at 
 the insertion of the palpi, obliquely truncated at their ex- 
 tremity on the outer sido, and strongly inclined toward* the 
 labium, which is almost semicircular, though slightly pointed at 
 the apex. 
 
 EPISINUS TRUNCATUS. 
 
 Episinus trunoatus, Walch., Ins., Apt. iv., p. 371. 
 
 Thiridion angulattjm, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, andlrel., p. 
 202, pi. xv., fig. 133. 
 
 The length of the female is one-seventh of an inch, and the 
 male is rather smaller. 
 
 This spider may be known at once, from all others of the 
 family, by the form of the abdomen, which is rather flattened 
 
81 
 
 above and narrow in front, but widons gradually to the hinder 
 extremity, where it is broad, very steep, and truncate, and has a 
 small subcorneal prominence at each upper corner. 
 
 The legs are of a yellowish-brown hue, annulated with red- 
 brown ; they are rather slender, and the movements of tho 
 spider are slow and awkward. The cophalo-thorax has a broad, 
 deep reddish-brown, central stripe, with some lateral markings of 
 the same colour on a paler yellowish-brown ground. 
 
 The colour of the abdomen is dark yellow-brown, with an 
 indistinct pattern, mixed with red-brown, pale-yellowish, and 
 black on the upper side ; round the lateral margins of which an 
 irregular black line runs, as far as the beginning of the steep 
 posterior slope, where it is continued transversely, and connects 
 the two subcorneal prominences. The posterior slope is often 
 marked with some strong, angular, blaok markings. 
 
 The palpi are slender ; the digital joint of that of the male is 
 of (comparatively) enormous size, and, with the palpal organs, 
 which are complex, forms an unusually large, oblong-oval, club- 
 liko termination to the palpus. 
 
 This spider is not rare among heather, moss and herbage on 
 Bloxworth Heath, where it may be found by tearing up the 
 heather, and shaking out its contents on a sheet of paper, or by 
 raking with a crooked stick under the heathy ledges and ridges. 
 Mr. C. W. Dale has sent it to me from Glanvilles Wootton ; it 
 is also found in many other parts of England, and in North 
 Wales. 
 
 I have not yet succeeded in finding it in any kind of web, or 
 Bnare. It is adult during the summer months, and the young 
 spiders, hatched in the latter part of summer, like numerous 
 other spiders, live through the winter. 
 
 GENUS PHOLCOMMA, Thorell. THERIDION, Cambr. 
 (in part). 
 
 This genus possesses all the characteristics of the Theridiides ; 
 and except for one character — the peculiar disposition of the eyes — 
 and it could scarcely be separated from the next genus (Theridion). 
 
82 
 
 The eyes are very unequal in sizo, anil are placed in three groups 
 (almost exactly like those of Pholcus) ; throe oyos of considerable 
 size and contiguous to each other, form a group on each side of 
 the fore part of the caput, and two minute oyes are placed, 
 near together, in a transverse line between those two groups. The 
 legs are short and without spines. 
 
 PHOLCOMMA GIBBUM. 
 
 Eriqone gibba, Westr., Aranso Suec, p. 279 (1861). 
 Theridion projectum, Cambr., Zoologist 1862, p. 7962. 
 
 An exceedingly minute, but very curious little spider. The 
 male measures one-sixteenth of an inch in length, and the female 
 is slightly larger. It is found, though rarely, among heathor on 
 Bloxworth Heath in April and May ; and recently I have found 
 it, on two or three occasions, under a verandah at tho Rectory. 
 Besides the position of the eyes, mentioned above, the male has 
 a sort of sharpish-edged, eaves-liko projection, all round just 
 below the upper side of the abdomen, which is large and of a 
 somewhat globular form. The cephalo-thorax and legs are of a 
 red-brown colour, and the abdomen rather darker ; tho cuticle 
 being somewhat coriaceous, and mottled thickly with paler, 
 depressed points, or punctures, and clothed thinly with short, 
 strong hairs. The abdominal projection is but slightly visible in 
 the female. 
 
 I have also received this spider from the North of England, 
 and several parts of Scotland, as well as from the Island of 
 Serk. 
 
 GENUS THERIDION, Walch. THERIDION, Blackw. 
 (in part). 
 
 The spiders of this genus are mostly of small sizo, and have 
 tolerably long, slender legs, furnished only with hairs and 
 occasionally strongish bristles; their rolative length is 1.4.2.3. 
 The abdomen is in most cases large, and more or less globular 
 inform, excepting in some males, in which it is either cylindrical. 
 
83 
 
 or oval. The oyos aro in four pairs, tolerably closely grouped 
 together, the four central eyes forming either a square, or very 
 nearly one ; and those of each lateral pair are contiguous to each 
 other ; most of the species of Theridion are prettily marked, and 
 sometimes rather richly coloured. The males are usually much 
 the smallest, and often have, as above mentioned, a differently 
 shaped, and always much smaller abdomen. 
 
 Eighteen species are known as British, thirteen being found in 
 Dorsetshire. * 
 
 THERIDION FORMOSUM. 
 
 Aranetjs formosus, Clerch., Sv. Spindl., p. 5C, pi. iii., tab. 6. 
 Tueridiox sisyphum, Blackw., Spid. Groat Brit, andlrel., p. 179, 
 pi. xiii., fig. 113. 
 
 This is a rare spider in Dorsetshire ; the length of the male is 
 about l-8th of an inch, and that of the female l-6th. I 
 have met with it, on three or four occasions only, in Bere Wood, 
 near Bloxworth, in its web spun among ivy on the trunks of 
 trees. It is a very variable spider in its colouring, but tho 
 abdominal markings aro peculiar, and similar in all the numerous 
 varieties that have come under my notice. The abdomen of the 
 female is proportionally very large, and exceedingly globular on 
 its upper side. Tho prevailing colours are generally black, 
 white, yellow-brown, and red ; the characteristic markings con- 
 sisting of some curved, parallel, narrow, and rather oblique, 
 stripes on each side of the fore extremity, with some others rather 
 divergent, behind them; the convexity of the curve being directed 
 backwards. 
 
 I have met with this spider at Hursley, near Winchester, and 
 it has also been found in some few other localities. 
 
 THERIDION TEPmARIORUM. 
 
 Themdion TEPidaiiiorum, C. L. Koch, Blackw., Spid. Groat Brit, 
 and Irel., p. 180, pi. xiii., fig. 114. 
 This spider is considerably larger than the foregoing, the male 
 measuring I -5th and the female 1 -4th of an inch in length ; though 
 
84 
 
 nearly allied, it is, however, of a much plainer oolour, the 
 hues seldom varying beyond brown of different shades, and 
 light yellow-brown, deepening to reddish in the males. The 
 characteristic pattern of 'Theridion formosum is generally observable 
 in the present species, which is found, almost invariably, in green- 
 houses, conservatories, and hothouses. But one instance is, I 
 believe, known of its being found in any other situation ; in that 
 instance I found an adult male in the Eectory garden at Blox- 
 worth, where there is neither greenhouse ftor conservatory ; nor is 
 there one in the village; I look upon this, however, as an 
 accidental occurrence. The spider may possibly have been 
 brought from the nursery-gardens at Blandford, with plants, or 
 flower pots, among the moss and other packing materials. 
 
 Theridion tepidariorum has an exceedingly wide range ; being 
 dispersed over the whole of Europe, as well as in various exotic 
 regions, Australia and New Zealand; and it appears to be always 
 found in such situations as I have mentioned. It has occurred 
 in various parts of England, and I have also met with it in the 
 Botanic Gardens, at Edinburgh. 
 
 Since writing tho above I have found a second example of tho 
 male in the porch of Bloxworth Eectory. 
 
 THERIDION KIPAEIUM. 
 
 Theridion kipaeium, Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 182, pi. xii., fig. 115. 
 This is another spider nearly allied to the two foregoing, but 
 much smaller, and darker coloured than the last. Tho length of 
 the male is £th of an inch, that of the female rather more. 
 The abdomen is of a rich, chocolate red-brown, with white mark- 
 ings; anditisalsorathersmallerthan Theridion formosum; its habits 
 are to spin its irregular snare among roots and grass stems under 
 overhanging banks, and in this snare is suspended a rather long, 
 cylindrical, silken tube, which the spider encrusts with particles 
 of earth, bits of dead leaves and dry sticks ; within this tube the 
 female lives and forms her egg-cocoon. The pattern found in 
 
85 
 
 the two foregoing species, of curved linos on tho upper part and 
 sides of the abdomen, is found also in this spider, and constitutes 
 its chief characteristic markings. 
 
 A single example of tho adult male was found under a heathy 
 lodge near Poole, in the month of June. It is not uncommon 
 iu North Wales ; and I met with it once in great abundance 
 among the Austrian mountains near Isclil. 
 
 THERIDION SISYPHIUM. 
 
 Araneus sisypiiius, Clcrck., Sv. Spindl., p. 54, pi. 3, Tab. 5. 
 Tiieridion nervosum, Blaclcw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Irel., p. 
 180, pi. xiii, fig. 116. 
 
 This is one of the most abundant, and generally dispersed 
 among British spiders ; and perhaps also one of the prettiest. 
 The length of the male is l-7th of an inch, that of the female £th. 
 Itis found on most low-growing plants and shrubs, especially upon 
 furzo bushes and hollies ; among the small shoots and branches 
 of these it spins, in the spring and early summer months, an 
 irregular maze of lines crossing and recrossing each other in 
 every direction ; many spiders often form their snares close to 
 one another, and so make tho whole plant, or bush, a mass of 
 web. Tho egg cocoon is of a rounded form, and dull green 
 colour, and is suspended beneath a pretty, dome-shaped, tent- 
 like, retreat, or sometimes enclosed in a leaf, and carefully 
 watched over by the mother. The little tent, and indeed other 
 portions of the web, are usually covorod, and sometimes almost 
 concealed, by tho debris of insects, bits of dead loaves, and other 
 substances; these are stated by some authors to have been 
 purposely placed there by the parent spider ; but, in the absence 
 of direct evidence to this offect, I am inclined to think that 
 their presence, though unavoidable, is unintentional on the 
 spiders' part. 
 
 Like the foregoing species the abdomen of the female 
 is very large antl globular ; it is prettily varied with lines 
 and markings of reddish, white, brown, and yellow ; two broad, 
 
longitudinal, bands of dark-brown, on the abdomen, are each 
 crossed by several pale white, or yellowish lines. The longi- 
 tudinal space between the bands is often of a red-brown hue. 
 The cephalo-thorax has a longitudinal central, and two lateral 
 bands of red-brown, on a reddish-yellow ground, and the logs 
 aro cumulated with pale red-brown on a yellowish-brown ground 
 colour. The male is not so distinctly nor so prettily marked, and 
 its abdomen is small, and of an oblong form. 
 
 Thekidion denticulatum, Walclc, Blachv., Spid. Great Brit, 
 and Irel. p. 185, pi. xiii., fig. 118. 
 
 Length of the male about l-9th or 1-1 Oth of an inch, the 
 female being rather larger. 
 
 This pretty little spider is generally abundant among trees and 
 plants trained on walls ; and may be also commonly found in any 
 sheltered corner or crevice on the outside of houses, such as the 
 angles of doorways, windows, porches verandahs, and in green- 
 houses ; in such situations it occurs abundantly at Bloxworth, 
 and in many other localities in the county of Dorset, 
 as well as throughout England, and also in Scotland. It is adult 
 from May to July. The colours are simple dark-brown, mixed 
 with black, white, or yellowish-white; and it may be easily 
 known by a very distinct, dentated band of a pale colour (some- 
 times pure white) on a dark ground, running from one end to 
 the other of the upper side of the abdomen ; on the sides also 
 there are some, slightly oblique, lines of alternate black and white 
 (or whitish) spots. The legs are annulated with dark-brown on 
 a pale yellowish-brown ground colour. 
 
 THERIDION FAMILIARE. 
 
 Theiudion familiare, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 418, 
 pi. 55, No. 15. 
 
 Length of the male l-12th of an inch, that of the female 
 1-lOth. 
 
 This is a very near ally of the last spider, thftugh it differs 
 not only in being rather less in size, and in several small, 
 
87 
 
 though constant, structural characters, but also in its colouring ; 
 this is of a more or less bright reddish-brown, varied with 
 whito, brown, and yellowish markings ; the pattern is very similar 
 to that of Theridion denticulatum, with a similar dark angular 
 patch at the thoracic junction ; but the denticulations of the 
 abdominal band aro not so sharp, nor so well-defined ; and tho 
 whole colouring isconstantly different from the sober brown, white, 
 and blackish hue of that species. I have never found this spider 
 anywhere excepting in lofts, unused rooms, and outhouses; it is 
 occasionally to be met with in such situations at Bloxworth ; and 
 in the angles and in corners of the ceilings, or in other suitable 
 positions, it spins its web. It is as yet unknown on the con- 
 tinent, and is adult in May, June, and July. An unfortunate 
 cleansing and sweeping out, to which (unknown to me till after- 
 wards) the chief haunt of this pretty little spider was subjected 
 several years ago, has left it since then very scarce. As, how- 
 ever, it is now " strictly preserved " I hope to get up the stock 
 again somo day. 
 
 Since the above was written I have found (during Juno and 
 July, 1878), several adults of each sex, and numerous immature 
 examples in another outbuilding at Bloxworth Rectory. 
 
 THERIDION VARIANS. 
 
 Tuehidion vaiuans, JTahn., Blacho, Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 188, pi. xiv., fig. 120. 
 
 This is a spider of much less frequent occurrence in Dorsetshire 
 than Theridion denticulatum, though found in similar positions, as 
 well as on plants and shrubs near dwellings. Its general colour- 
 ing is altogether paler. Tho cephalo-thorax has a broadish, 
 dark-brown, or blackish, central longitudinal band on a whitish- 
 yellow ground, and a broad dentated one of a dull reddish-brown 
 hue runs along the middle of the upper side of the abdomen 
 the rest of the abdomen being brown, or yellowish-brown. The 
 legs are annulated with black, on a whitish-yellow ground. The 
 length of the male of T. varians is about 1-1 0th of an inch, and 
 
that of the female Jth ; somo individuals, howevor, are smaller. 
 T. variam appears to be generally distributed throughout 
 Great Britain, and is not unfrequent in greenhouses and con- 
 servatories, as well as in the other situations mentioned. 
 
 THERIDION TINCTUM. 
 
 Theridion tinctum, Walck., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 109, pi. xiv., fig. 121. 
 
 Length of the male 1-1 2th of an inch, that of the female 
 1-lOth. 
 
 Though nearly allied to Theridion variant this spider may easily 
 be distinguished by a greenish tinge upon its general white and 
 yellowish ground colour, as well as by the pattern both of the 
 abdomen and cephalo-thorax ; that on the abdomen is broken 
 up, and a good deal confused by black markings, spots, and 
 blotches ; the legs also are longer, very slender, and more dis- 
 tinctly spotted and annulated [with black. The cephalo-thorax 
 has a blackish, triangular marking, running from the hinder row 
 of eyes to the thoracic indentation, where its finely-pointed apex 
 terminates. So far as my own experience goes it is never found 
 on walls, nor in the angles and crevices of doorways, &c, like T. 
 denticulatum, nor in greenhouses like T. varians and T. pidum ; 
 but always on low trees and shrubs, or on the lower boughs of 
 high trees. In such situations, especially on apple trees, it is 
 abundant at Bloxworth and also at Glanvilles Wootton, and is 
 adult at the end of May and in Juno. I have met with it also 
 in Hampshire, and have received it from other parts of England. 
 Mr. Blackwall has unwittingly made a mistake in his "Spid. 
 Great Brit, and Irel.," p. 191, where he states that I had found 
 this species " in uninhabited rooms." 
 
 THERIDION SIMILE. 
 
 Thekidion simile, C. L. Koch, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 187, pi. xiv., fig. 119. 
 This is a smaller spider than either of the four last, the male 
 measuring rather less than 1-1 2th of an inch in length. 
 
Tho abdomen of the female is more than usually globular in 
 form ; its colour is brownish, mixed with white, and with a 
 whitish, dentated band, bordered outsido with dark-brown, along 
 tho centre of the uppor side ; this band gots narrower towards its 
 hinder extremity, but has a conspicuous, triangular enlargement 
 at its fore extremity, often of a whiter colour, and so more con- 
 spicuous than the rest; the colour of the cephalo-thorax is 
 reddish-brown, darkest on tho latoral margins and along tho 
 middle. The male is liko tho female, but generally smaller and 
 darker coloured. It is very abundant in some seasons at Blox- 
 worth, and in some other localities, among the heather, and on 
 furze bushes, whence, when they aro in bloom, numbers of this 
 specios may be obtained by beating the bushes into an umbrella 
 placod undornoath. I have also found it among underwood. 
 
 I have mot with it in Hampshire and received it from Scot- 
 land. 
 
 THERIDION RUFOLINEATUM. 
 
 Tiiemdion eufolineatom, Luc, Explor. en Algerio, Arachn., 
 
 p. 260, pi. 16, fig. 10. 
 „ spirifer, Camlr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8574, and Proc. 
 
 Zool. Soc. 1872, p. 280. 
 Length of the male l-9th of an inch, and of tho female l-7th. 
 This is a rather larger spider than either of tho foregoing ; it 
 has a broad, central longitudinal, and narrow, lateral marginal, 
 roddish-brown bands on the cephalo-thorax ; the intermediate 
 spaces being of a dull yellowish hue. The abdomen has, on the 
 upper side, a broad, deep, black-brown, and sometimes reddish, 
 roughly dentated, and rather tapering, longitudinal, central 
 band, borderod laterally with a whitish line ; and on each side 
 of the central band is a well defined, broad, whitish, or yellowish 
 one, commonly mottled with rusty red ; the sides are dark black- 
 brown mottled with dull yellow-brown ; this latter colour often 
 forming two or more parallel, and slightly oblique lines. The 
 under side is black ; the Btornum yvllow-brown with a dusky 
 black margin. Tho logs aro brownish-yellow, aunulatod with 
 
90 
 
 dark red-brown at the extremities of the joints. The digital 
 joint of the malo palpus is of a short, round-oval form, con- 
 stricted at its oxtremity ; the palpal organs are rather simplo, 
 but surrounded by the numerous coils of a very long, slender— 
 almost hair-like — black spine, and covered with a row of long 
 bristles issuing from the margin of tho digital joint. 
 
 I have found this spider on furze bushes on Bloxworth Heath, 
 and on the lower boughs of oak trees in Morden Park, in the 
 month of June. The species appears to have a very wide range, 
 being found in the South of France, and Algeria ; I have also 
 received it from Spain and Portugal, and have myself mot with 
 it in Egypt, Palestine, and Italy. 
 
 I first observed it, in England, on furze bushos on the Hursloy 
 Downs near Winchester. 
 
 TIIERIDION PULCHELLUM. 
 
 Tiieridion PCLcnELLUM, Walck, Macho., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel. 
 
 Length of the male l-9th of an inch, and that of tho female 
 l-8th. 
 
 This very brightly coloured, and pretty spider is allied to the 
 foregoing, and resembles it a good deal in the charactor of 
 its markings ; but it is easily distinguished by its brighter colours, 
 as well as by various structural features. It is not uncommon 
 on rosebushes, and other plants and shrubs in gardens, as well 
 as on tho lower branches of trees and underwood. It has a 
 broad, blackish, central longitudinal band on the cophalo-thorax, 
 whose ground colour is yellow-brown. The legs are long, of a 
 yollowish-brown hue, annulated with rod-brown. The abdomen 
 has a longitudinal central, bluntly dentate, or sinuous, dark red- 
 brown band, bordered (most conspicuously in front) with yellow ; 
 the sides aro light reddish-brown, and tho under part is yellowish 
 with a broad red-brown band along the middle. The digital 
 joint of tho male palpus is rather elongato-oval, and the palpal 
 organs havo a prominent process, thus differing remarkably 
 
91 
 
 from those of Thcridion rujolincatum. 'i'ho egg cocoon is round, 
 whito, and. may bo often found secured by silicon linos to the 
 under sideof a leaf, whero it is watchfully tended upon by the 
 female parent spider. 
 
 Thcridion <pulehcllum is found in many localities, both in 
 Dorsetshire and throughout the South of England, as well as in 
 North Wales. 
 
 TIIEUIDION BIMACULATUM. 
 
 Aeanea bimaculata, Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. 12, T. 2, p. 1033. 
 
 Tiieridion Carolinum, Walck, Blac/av., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Ii-oL, p. 192, pi. xiv, fig. 123. 
 
 The length of the malo is l-12th of an inch, and that of the 
 female l-10th. 
 
 The sexes of this spider differ exceedingly in form and colours. 
 The female may bo roadily distinguished by a broad, central, 
 tapering, longitudinal, well defined, yellow (or yellowish-white) 
 band on the upper side of its very globular abdomen, tho ground 
 colour of which is a bright brownish-red. Tho abdomen of 
 the male is far less round in form, being somewhat cylindrical, 
 and often constricted across the middle ; it is of a dark brownish- 
 red colour, with the two obscure yellowish spots, near each other in 
 in a transvere line, on tho foro-part of tho upper side. Tho 
 palpi are long, and are projected straightforwards as tho spidor 
 runs about. Tho digital jointaudpalpalorgansaro, comparatively, 
 of enormous sizo, and being held out in front of the spider as it 
 runs along, givo it a very singular appearance. Tho female 
 carrios her little round whito cocoon, full of eggs, suspended 
 beneath her by silken linos, and shows groat concern if it be taken 
 away from her, quickly getting possession of it again if she be 
 able. Thcridion bimaculatum is among our rarer Dorsetshire 
 spiders; but I have found it, not uufiepiontly, at Blox worth 
 among weeds and rank herbage in hedges, and also among 
 heather, as well as among strawberry plants while' gathering 
 
92 
 
 strawberries in my garden in June and July, by which time the 
 female has generally deposited her eggs. It has also occurred at 
 Glanvilles Wootton, and is at times very abundant on tho sand 
 Kills near Southport, in Lancashire. 
 
 THERIDION PALLENS. 
 
 Theridion pallens, Blackw., Spid., Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 184, pi. xiv., fig. 125. 
 
 Adidt malo length l-14th or l-15th of an inch, the female 
 being rather larger. 
 
 This very minute, but common, spider is found in early summer 
 on low plants, shrubs, bushes, and on the lower boughs of large 
 oak trees. 
 
 The general colour is'pale yellow, blotched with white, and 
 with some dark, blackish markings. The male has a broad, central 
 longitudinal, blackish band on the cephalo-thorax, and the fore- 
 part (sometimes the whole) of the abdomen is black, or more or 
 less suffused with it. The abdomen of the female is nearly 
 globular ; it is often without any dark markings, and is seldom 
 so darkly, or so distinctly, marked as that of the male ; when 
 present, the markings are sometimes so arranged as to leave a 
 largo, whitish-yellow ^cross occupying the whole of the upper 
 side. The egg cocoon is perfectly white, of a short pear shape, 
 with several subconical prominences towards its largor end, giving it 
 a very distinct and peculiar character ; it is fastened by silken lines 
 to the under side of a leaf, where it may be found after mid- 
 summer, and very often (until the young are hatched) with the 
 parent spider in close attendance. I find this pretty little cocoon 
 frequently undor tho loaves of laurols in my shrubbery, and the 
 adult males are often found running in sunshine on the upper 
 bar of the iron railings fencing the lawn. 
 
 Theridion pallens occurs throughout the ' South and Midland 
 Counties of England, as well as in Scotland and Wales, and is 
 probably generally distributed. 
 
93 
 GENUS NESTIOUS. Thor. LINYPHIA, Blachv. in part. 
 
 The very long, slender, hairy legs, and straight maxillae, 
 clearly separate this genus from Theridion; while the absence of 
 spines on the legs, and the length of the legs of the fourth pair, 
 being greater than that of the second, distinguish it from the 
 genus Linyphia. 
 
 One species only is as yet known in Britain, and that one is 
 found in Dorsetshire, as well as in many other parts of England. 
 Legs 1.4.2.3. 
 
 NESTICUS CELLULANUS. 
 Araneus oelltjlanus, Clerclc, Sv. Spindl., p. 62, pi. 4, Tab. 12. 
 Linyphla crypticolens, Blachv. Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. 
 p. 224, pi. xvi., fig. 148. 
 
 Length of the male about l-7th, and of the female l-6th of 
 an inch. 
 
 This is a spider seldom found excepting in cellars, dark, damp 
 buildings, unused drains and sewors, and in natural caverns in 
 the earth. The whole spider is of a dull yollowish, whitey- 
 brown hue, with a somewhat semi-diaphanous appearance when 
 alive. The cephalo-thorax is of a pale, yellowish-brown colour, 
 with a distinct, blackish margin, and a longitudinal, central, 
 similarly coloured band, strangulated, or constricted, near the 
 middle. The abdomen is of a fainter colour than the cephalo- 
 thorax, very convex on the upper side, where it is marked with 
 some dusky black lines and spots, forming, chiefly, two, parallel, 
 rows along the middle; tho posterior markings often form a 
 longitudinal series of angular bars. The digital joint of the 
 male palpus has, at its base, an enormously developed, curved 
 process, of an irregular, and somewhat concave form ; the palpal 
 organs are also greatly developed, and complex, with corneous 
 processes, and spines. 
 
 Though probably this spider , would be found, by searching 
 in many other localities in this county, I have as yet only met 
 it at Bloxworth Rectory, and at Glanvilles Wootton. It must 
 
94 
 
 not be confoundod with another spider, inhabiting also dark 
 buildings and collars — Pholcus phalangioides. Euossl. (supra p. 
 77). The far longer and slenderer legs, and the cybndrical 
 abdomen of the latter spider, will distinguish it at a glanco 
 from the present species. 
 
 GENUS PHYLLONETHIS, Thor. THERIDION, Blacho. 
 in part. 
 
 This genus, included by Mr. Blackwall in Theridion, is 
 separated from it by the more slendor legs, a difference in the 
 relative position of tho eyes of tho posterior row, and in the 
 form of tho maxillco, which are broader towards their extremities. 
 In the malos there is also a groator, though in different 
 individuals not always an equal dovolopment of the falcos, which 
 are widely divergent, and arniod with a strong tooth towards 
 their base on tho inner side. Two British species only are at 
 present known, both of them being found in Dorsetskh-e. 
 
 rilYLLONETHIS LINEATA. 
 
 Araneus lineatus, Clerch, Sv. Spindl. p. 60, pi. 3, Tab. 10. 
 
 Theridion lineatum, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irol., p. 
 176, pi. xiii, fig. 111. 
 
 Tho length of the male is l-7th, and that of the female l-5th, 
 of an inch. 
 
 This is ono of our commonest, as well as protticst, spiders, 
 occurring on various plants, bushes, and low trees; its genoral 
 colouring is palo yellow, or whitish. Tho cophalo-thorax is of a 
 straw-yellow colour, with a dusky, longitudinal, central, and 
 black marginal lines ; two longitudinal converging rows of black 
 spots, sometimes dilated into irregular bands, occupy the upper 
 sido of tho abdomen, which is thickly covered with cretaceous 
 yellowish, or whitish spots ; a row of alternate black and white 
 spots oncirclos the hinder extremity, near tho base of the 
 spinners, in tho form of a horse-shoo', "whoso open sido is in 
 front ; and a longitudinal blackish band runs along tho middle 
 
95 
 
 of the under side. The form of the abdomen of the female 
 is suh-globular, that of the male being oval ; and the legs are 
 long, very slendor, and like tho cephalo-thorax in colour. Thoro 
 is much variation in the markings of the upper side of tho 
 abdomen ; in some females it is of an almost uniform whitish 
 hue, with a f ow indistinct, veiny, dusk/ linos ; some are as first 
 above described; others, both malo and female, have two longi- 
 tudinal, bright carmine bands which unite at each extremity ; 
 and in others, almost tho whole of the upper side is carmine ; 
 but in all cases the horso-shoe ring of black and white spots 
 and the sub-abdominal black band are present. The sternum 
 is yellow, with a black marginal, and longitudinal central lines. 
 
 The snare of this spider consists of numerous lines crossing 
 and re-crossing each other among the small branches and leaves ; 
 the egg cocoon is secured by silken lines under tho leaves, of 
 which sevoral are usually drawn together, and form a kind of 
 tent for tho protection of tho oggs and young ; tho latter living 
 beneath its shelter for some time after they are hatchod. 
 
 It appears to be equally abundant throughout Great Britain, 
 and, indeed, Europe generally. 
 
 PHYLLONETHIS INSTABILIS. 
 
 TnEMDiON instabile, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii, p. 416, 
 pi. 55, No. 14. 
 
 Length of the male l-12th of an inch; of tho female l-10th 
 Very much smaller than tho last species, though bearing some 
 gonoral resemblance to it in colours and form. It may be dis- 
 tinguished among other characters by throe, broken, black lines 
 and markings on the abdomen, in lieu of the distinct black 
 spots in Phjllonetlm lineata ; as woll as by tho absence, in most 
 casos, of tho ring of spots round tho spinners ; in somo examples 
 thoy are indistinctly apparent. Tho cephalo-thorax and sternum 
 are immaculate, oxcopting a broadish, central, longitudinal, 
 tapering, dark band on the former. Tho males have long and 
 divorgont falces very like thoso of Phijllonelhis lineata, but some- 
 
96 
 
 what differently armed. As yet this spidor has only been found 
 among coaise sedgy grass in a swamp near Bloxworth. 
 
 GENUS STEATODA, Sand. THEEIDION, Blachv. in part. 
 
 Tho legs aro strongor in this genus than in Theridion, and 
 the other foregoing genera, and the eyos are placod on a rather 
 projecting prominonce at the fore part of the caput. The 
 surface of the cephalo-thorax and sternum is ofton of a 
 roughened, punctuoso, or granulose nature, and the form of the 
 abdomon is quite different from that of Theridion, with which 
 it is united by Mr. Blackwall ; in Steatoda the abdomen is oval, 
 but instead of being excossively convex and globular above, it 
 is, though considerably convox, rather flattened on the upper 
 surface Eight species are recorded as British, but four only 
 have been found in Dorsetshire 
 
 STEATODA BIPUNCTATA. 
 
 Aranea bipunctata, Linn,., Syst. Nat. Ed. 10 i, p. 620. 
 TrtERiDioN QTJADP.IPUNCTATUM, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 177, pi. xiii., fig. 112. 
 
 The length of the male is l-6th, and that of the female l-4th 
 of an inch. 
 
 Tho cephalo-thorax is prominent in front, of a dark reddish- 
 brown colour, and (together with the sternum) is covered with 
 impressed points, or punctures. The general colour of .the 
 abdomen is a somowhat purplish, livid brown; a curved, marginal, 
 whitish line runs round tho foro[oxtremity of its upper side ; and 
 down the middle there is a longitudinal, white stripe, consisting 
 generally of a row, moro or less connected, of spots and markings 
 of clifforent sizes, and crossed at its hinder extremity, some way 
 abovo the spinners, by another transverse whito stripe. All these 
 whito markings, however, vary considerably in form and extent, 
 in different examples. The uppor side of the abdomen has its 
 central portion often much paler than the rest; and has also 
 uomo deep red-brown improssed spots, or punctures, arranged in 
 
97 
 
 two longitudinal diverging lines ; the anterior pair of these spots 
 being much more conspicuous than the rest. Beneath the fore 
 extremity of the abdomen is a sort of socket, serrated or denticu- 
 lated on its upper edgo, and into this the hinder extremity of the 
 cephalo-thorax fits, like that of Asagena phalerata. The under 
 side is of a pale hue, margined with white, and marked with 
 a contral, longitudinal, deop red-brown band, divided in front by 
 a white patch. 
 
 The legs are modorately long and strong ; their colour is 
 yellow-brown, with, at times, darker annulations. 
 
 The palpi of the male aro long, the digital joint large, and the 
 palpal organs prominent and highly developed. 
 
 The sexes are very similar in colours and markings. 
 
 This is often a vory abundant spider in lofts, outhouses, stables 
 and in the windows of neglocted rooms ; it is also found under 
 large stones and logs of wood. Examples may be mot with all 
 the year round, but its usual time of maturity is in the early 
 summer months. It appears to bo gonorally distributed through- 
 out England. 
 
 STEATODA STICTA. 
 
 Theiudion stiotum, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., 3 Ser. vii., p. 
 432. 
 
 ,, ,, Blachw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Irel., p. 196, 
 
 pi. xiv., fig. 126. 
 
 The length of the male is 1J lines; the female is rather 
 larger. 
 
 This a much smaller and brighter coloured spider than the 
 precoding, which it resembles very nearly in its general form, 
 and somewhat also in the character of its markings. Tho male 
 is much deeper and richer in colours than the female. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax and sternum (of tho male especially) are 
 strongly marked with granulations and punctures ; and aro of a 
 bright, mahogany red-brown colour, deepening almost into black 
 on tho caput. Tho logs aro of a bright orango-yollow, tinged 
 
with red. The palpi of the male are long, strong, and similar 
 to the legs in colour ; tho digital joints (together with the palpal 
 organs) form a conspicuous object, as tho spider runs with tho 
 palpi stretched in front at full length. Tho cubital joint is curved 
 prominent above, and strongly clavate at its oxtremity ; the radial 
 joint is shorter, eproads out at its extromity, and is fringed, noar 
 the fore margin, with longish hairs ; tho ond of tho digital joint 
 is rather drawn out, and has a conspicuous, prominent projection 
 on its innor side ; tho jmlpal organs aro prominent and complex. 
 Tho abdomen is yellow-brown, with the sides, and a patch on 
 each .side of the medial line of the upper part of the fore 
 extromity, black ; the upper part is also divided longitudinally 
 by a whitish stripo ; a similar stripe encirclos the anterior 
 . extremity, and four deep rod-brown impressed spots form a 
 quadrangular figuro noar the middle Beneath tho fore oxtremity 
 is a similar socket to that noticed in tho foregoing species 
 (Steatoda lipunctataj. 
 
 This oxcoodingly rare, as well as distinct and pretty, spider 
 has been found on several occasions after long searching, among 
 moss and heathor on Bloxworth Heath, but hitherto not in any 
 othor localities. Among tho examples found ono only has beon 
 a male A variety of tho femalo occasionally occurs, in which 
 tho abdomen is of a uniform and nearly black hue. 
 
 STEATODA CORACINA. 
 
 Tiiemdion coracinum, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn., Bd. viii., p. 84, 
 Taf. 276, fig. 655. 
 ,, D Cambr., Trans. Linn Soc. xxvii., p. 422. 
 
 Tho longth of the male is 1 lino. 
 
 A singlo oxamplo only of this spidor has, as yet, been rocorded 
 in Britain; this specimen I found among hoathcr at Morden 
 Park, near Bloxworth, in May, 1863. Its uniform, sooty-black 
 colour, save tho extremities of the logs, which are white, 
 will rondor it easily to be distinguished whon mot with. The 
 palpi aro long; the cubital and radial joints very short, tho 
 
99 
 
 former protuberant above; the digital joint is largo, obtuso- 
 oval, and, with the palpal organs, which are simple, very club- 
 like. 
 
 STEATODA GUTTATA. 
 
 Theeidion outtatum, Wider., Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 200, pi. xiv., fig. 131. 
 
 This is a still smaller spider than Steatoda sticta, but about the 
 same size as S. coracina, the female measuring no more than 1 
 line in length. 
 
 In its goneral form, and the long palpi with their large 
 digital joints and palpal organs, it is closely allied to both 
 S. sticta and S. bipunctata, but it cannot bo mistaken for either 
 of them for a moment. Not only is it much smallor, but its 
 abdomen is of a uniform, glossy, maroon-brown colour, marked 
 on the upper sido with a few bright, yellowish-whito, spots dis- 
 posed in three longitudinal linos, tho central lino being the 
 longest. Tho cephalo -thorax and sternum are conspicuously 
 punctuose. 
 
 I have found this very pretty little spider, not uncom- 
 monly among heather on Bloxworth Heath ; and (more 
 rarely) under stones near Pennsylvania Castle, Portland. It is 
 adult in May and June, and in running the male holds its palpi 
 stretched forwards at full length, like S. sticta. Tho hinder 
 extremity of the cephalo-thorax fits into a kind of socket beneath 
 the foro extremity of the abdomen, but tho upper edgo of the 
 socket does not appear to bo either dontated, or serrate. 
 
 GENUS EUEYOPIS MENGE. THEEIDION, Blaclcw. (in 
 part). 
 
 The genus Euryopis forms a group of small spiders separated 
 from Theridion and Steatoda on several accounts. They are shorter, 
 and proportionately stronger, in tho legs, broader at the fore part 
 of the caput, which is, however, very short, but also prominent 
 in the ocular region ; and tho abdomen, although very short- 
 
100 
 
 oval, and often globularly convox above, as well as slightly 
 pointed at the spinners, is yet not so exceedingly convex, nor as 
 elevatod at tho fore part of the upper side, as in Thcridion. Tho 
 palpi of the male are also much shorter than in Stcatoda. The 
 relative length of the legs is 1.4.2.3., and they aro devoid of 
 spines. Four species have been recorded as British, two only, 
 as yet, having occurred in Dorsetshire. 
 
 EURYOPIS INORNATA. 
 
 Themdion inornatum, Crt»i£>-.,Ann. and Mag., N. H., June, 1861. 
 ,, ,, Blachv., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 196, 
 
 pi. xiv., fig. 127. 
 
 The length of the female is one lino, the male being rather 
 smaller. 
 
 This is a plainly, but distinctly, coloured spider ; its eephalo- 
 thorax and legs aro of a reddish-yellow colour, the tibioo of the 
 first two pairs of legs, as woll as the extremities of the tibia) of tho 
 fourth pair, blackish. Tho abdomen is blackish, glossy, and of 
 a roundish-oval form. The digital joints of the palpi of the 
 male, with the palpal organs, form a largeish, round-oval club- 
 liko end ; and the convex sidos of these joints are directed 
 towards each other. I have found this species, among heather, 
 on Bloxworth Heath, and also undor stones in tho Isle of Port- 
 land. It is adult in the months of May and June. 
 
 EURYOPIS FLAVOMACULATA. 
 
 Miorypiiantes flavomaculatus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. iii., 
 
 p. 67, Taf. 95, fig. 220. 
 Theridion flavomaculattjm, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 
 Irel. p. 201, pi. xiv., fig. 132. 
 
 The length of the male is l-7th of an inch, and the female 
 rather larger. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax and legs are of a reddish yellow-brown 
 colour, tho legs being rather tho lightest in hue, The fore- 
 
101 
 
 central pair of eyes are further from each other than the hind 
 centrals, and form a longer line. The abdomen is oval, pointed 
 behind, and projects well ovor the base of the cephalo-thorax ; 
 it is of a dark, yellowish brown, or blackish colour, with some 
 indistinct, pale brownish yellow markings, along the middle of 
 the fore part ; three large, rathor oblique, dull yellowish patches 
 form a longitudinal line on each side of the upper part, and a 
 series of four or five, similarly coloured, smaller, opposed, rather 
 oblique spots, along the middle of the hinder half, represent 
 the ordinary angular bars ; in front of them being four, brightish, 
 red-brown spots (in the form of a quadrangle), edged with 
 yellowish ; these pale markings have a somewhat metallic lustre, 
 from a few pale golden, scale-like specks upon them. 
 
 The palpi of the male are short ; the cubital j oint is roundish, and 
 tumid in front ; the radial joint very short, dilated in front, with a 
 pointed apophysis on the outer side, directed backwards, its 
 point almost in contact with the cubital joint ; tho digital joint is 
 large, the palpal organs complex, prominent, with two rather 
 conspicuous processes at their extremity. 
 
 This is an exceedingly rare spider. I have met with it (an 
 adult male) on one occasion only in Dorsetshire — crossing a foot- 
 path in Berewood, near Bloxworth, in the month of June, 
 several years ago. It is equally rare in other parts of Great 
 Britain. 
 
 GENUS ASAGENA, Sund. THEEIDION, Blachw. in part* 
 
 In this genus the legs are rather longer than those of Euryopis, 
 and also stronger. The cephalo-thorax and sternum are covered 
 with strong granulations ; the former is of a somewhat different, 
 and more depressed form, than that of some other genera of the 
 Theridiidcs ; and its lateral margins are furnished with small 
 denticulations. The abdomen is broad-oval, not very convex 
 above, rounded behind, rather hollowed out underneath in front, 
 where there is also a roundish socket, margined above with 
 small denticulations ; into this socket the hinder extremity of 
 the cephalo-thorax fits, much like that of several species of 
 
ioi 
 
 Steatoda. A kind of squeaking, or stridulating noiso, is said 
 to be made, by tbe rubbing of the cophalo-thorax against the 
 horny edges of tho abdominal sockot. I have never, however, 
 heard it myself. 
 
 One species only is as yet known in Great Britain, and occurs 
 occasionally in Dorsetshire. 
 
 ASAGENA THALER ATA. 
 
 Pualangium piiALERATUM, Panzer., Faun, Ins. Gorni., 78, 21. 
 Theridion signatum, Blackw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Ircl. p. 205, 
 
 pi. xiv., fig 135. 
 Asaqena serratipes, C. L. Koch, Dio Arachu. vi., p. 98, Taf. 
 204, fig. 502, 503. 
 
 The length of the male is l-5th of an inch, and tho female is 
 somewhat larger. 
 
 This is so conspicuously markod a spider that it cannot well be 
 mistaken for any other known British species. Tho cophalo- 
 thorax is of a deep blackish red-brown colour, and, besides tho 
 granulose surface, it has some short spines on the lateral margins. 
 The legs are strong, rod-brown, with some portions (chiefly the 
 fore-half of the tibiso, and tho fore extremity of the femora) dark 
 brown, or nearly black. The under sides of the femora and tibiae, 
 of those of the first and second pairs, are furnished with short 
 spine-like denticulations. 
 
 Tho abdomen is brownish-black; its fore-extremity on tho 
 upper side, has a curved, sometimes bisected, golden yellow, trans- 
 vorse stripe, directly behind tho middle of which is a small, somo- 
 what linear spot ; another short, curved, transverse, rathor obliquo 
 spot of a similar colour occurs, on each side, about the middle ; and 
 another, elongated, contral spot at the hinder extremity. Somo 
 little variety exists, in difforent examples, in the number, size, 
 and form, of these yellow markings. The palpi are short, and 
 of a dark rod-brown colour ; the radial joint is largo and dilated 
 in front; tho digital joint very large, and the palpal organs 
 complex with strong, prominent processes near their extremity. 
 .Found, though very rarely, among heathor, and under stonos 
 
103 
 
 at Bloxworth. It has also been mot with occasionally in a few 
 other localities in England, Wales, and Scotland. 
 
 GEN NOV., ROBERTUS. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax oval, considerably flattened above, and the 
 normal indentations not strongly marked. 
 
 Eyes of modem to sizo, and not very unequal ; thoy are placed 
 in two very nearly straight, parallel rows almost close together ; 
 tho convexity of their very slight curves being directod forwards ; 
 those of each lateral pair are seated on a tubercle, but are not 
 quite contiguous to each other ; and the four centrals form a 
 square. The ocular area thus forms a transverse, elongate-oblong 
 figure, whoso transverse length is more than double its breadth, 
 and occupies pretty nearly the whole width of the fore part of 
 the caput. The height of the clypeus is equal to half that of 
 the facial space. 
 
 Legs moderately long, tolerably strong, 1.4.2.3., fairly fur- 
 nished with strongish hairs and bristles, and terminating with 
 throe claws, the inferior ono very slender ; metatarsi as long, or 
 longer, than tho tarsi. 
 
 Palpi terminato with a black, slightly curvod, but apparently 
 not donticulated claw. 
 
 Falees long, powerful, perpendicular. 
 
 Maxilla rather long, straight, strong, and broad ; with parallel 
 sides, truncated obliquoly at their extremity, which is rouadod 
 on tho outer sido, and strongly inclined to tho labium. 
 
 Labium short, subtriangular, rounded at tho apex. 
 
 Abdomen rather flattish, oval, well rounded behind, clothed 
 thinly with longish, coarso, bristly, black hairs, and projects 
 moderately over the base of the cophalo-thorax ; the four outer 
 spinnors short, but of oqual length. 
 
 ROBERTUS ASTUTUS, sp. 110V. 
 
 Adult female, length 1 line. 
 
 Tho whole of this spider is of a pale, dull, straw colour; tho 
 
104 . 
 
 falces, niaxillse, labium, tarsi and metatarsi of the legs tinged 
 with yellow-brown. Probably the example described (which 
 is the only one I have yet found), had not long obtained 
 maturity, in which case the colours would perhaps havo become 
 darker in a short time. 
 
 The profile line of the cephalo-thorax shows no difference in 
 the even run, of tho very slightly curved line of the thorax and 
 caput, to the beginning of tho hinder slope. 
 
 The four central eyes form a small square, and are all, as 
 noarly as possible, equally separated from oach other, the 
 intervals being, just about, equal to a diameter of one of those 
 of the posterior pair ; those of each lateral pair are idacod obliquoly, 
 and are nearly, but not quite, contiguous to each other, being 
 also the largest of tho oight ; the interval between the hind- 
 centrals is distinctly less than that between each of them, and 
 the hind-latoral eye next to it. 
 
 This spider is unmistakably allied to some species of Neriene, 
 but differs considerably from them. Among the chief differ- 
 ences are the position of the eyes, of which the posterior row has 
 its convexity directed forwards ; the greater strength of the 
 legs ; and the tarsi, equalling, if not exceeding, the metatarsi in 
 length. On those, and other, accounts it is necessary to establish 
 a new genus for it. 
 
 A single example was found under an old clod of turf near 
 Woolbarrow, on Bloxworth Heath, in September, 1878. 
 
 GENUS NEEIENE, M in part. 
 
 This genus and the next (Walckenaera, Bl.) comprise a vast 
 assemblage of minute spiders, mostly black, or dark-brown, 
 (varying to yellowish-brown in some species) with yellow-brown, 
 reddish-brown, or orange-coloured legs. Among them are some 
 of tho smallest known spiders; the largest does not exceed l-6th 
 of an inch in length; while the smallest is no more than l-25th. 
 There appears to be no sufficient grounds for merely separating 
 the genera JVeriene and Walckenaera, of which this group is made 
 up ; while yet it is impossible to combine them, satisfactorily, in 
 
105 
 
 one group, as is now done by most Arachnologists, under the 
 generic name Erigone. The time approaches when a revision of 
 the whole group will be a necessity. I have myself been, 
 for a long time, collecting notes for such a revision, which is 
 delayed, chiefly, by the difficulty of obtaining the females of very 
 many of the numerous species. Here, therefore, it must suffice 
 to catalogue them within the generic limits adopted by Mr. 
 Blaekwall, some years ago, in his work on British Spiders. 
 
 With regard to the generic characters of Neriiine it is enough, 
 here, to mention that the eyes are in two curved rows, forming a 
 transverse, oval, or oblong-oval figure; or in four pairs, of which the 
 two lateral, and the fore-central pairs have their eyes, respec- 
 tively, contiguous (or very nearly so) to each other. The legs are 
 generally slender, of moderatelength, relatively 1.4.2. 3., or 4. 1.2. 3., 
 furnished, almost always, with hairs and slender bristles only. 
 In a few instances some strong bristles or fine spines are present, 
 and in one instance there[are some decided spines on the legs of the 
 first two pairs. The legs of the male sometimes diffor, in their 
 relativelength, from those of the female. The maxillee are short or 
 of moderate length, tolerably strong, in one group greatly enlarged 
 where the palpi are inserted, and, generally, strongly inclined 
 towards the labium, which is short and of a somewhat semi-circular 
 form. Some few male spiders, of this genus,have eminences, cr pro- 
 tuberances on the caput ; but in no case are the eyes placed upon, 
 or around the eminence; others have the caput generally 
 raised, in a more or less rounded, or convex form, while 
 others have merely the ocular area a little projecting ; 
 and, excepting in a few cases, there is, in the 
 females, but little difference, when looked at sideways, in the level 
 of the thorax and caput. In fact, one of the great obstacles in 
 the way of a satisfactory subdivision of these small spiders into 
 genera, is the groat similarity of the females to each other ; while 
 the males, generally, differ so considerably, in several structural 
 features, as to make it quite easy, not only to distinguish the 
 species, but to indicate several good generic groups among them. 
 
 The spiders of this group are found on low plants, bushes, and 
 
106 
 
 branches of low trees, among grass, moss, and heather; also 
 under stones, and loose bark. When young they are among 
 the most frequent of gossamer spiders, and may often be taken 
 while floating in the air upon their silken lines. The snare of 
 these spiders is a thin horizontal sheet of web stretched among 
 the leaves and shoots of plants and trees, or among the blades 
 and stems of grass, as well as over small cavities in the surface of 
 the ground. Over, under, and around this sheet of web are some 
 other lines crossing and recrossing in various directions. These 
 lines no doubt serves to entangle small insects and precipitate 
 them upon the web, where they are quickly seized by the spider, 
 who lies in wait, either benoath in an inverted position, or else 
 close by. Up to the present time eighty-three species of NeriSne 
 have been recorded in Britain, and of these fifty have been found 
 in Dorsetshire. 
 
 The remarks made upon each of the following species must be 
 taken to apply to the males only, excepting where otherwise ex- 
 pressed. As a general rule the difference between the males and 
 females of these little spiders consists of the larger abdomen of 
 the latter, and the absence of any elevation or eminence that may 
 exist on the caput, or thorax, or anyspeoialdevelopmentofthefalces 
 of the male ; the colours in the two sexes are, almost always, nearly 
 alike. 
 
 NERIENE ATRA. 
 
 Neriene atra, Blackw., Lond. and Edinbro., Phil. Mag., 3 Sor., 
 iii., p. 195. 
 
 „ LONGrPALFis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 274, pi. xix., fig. 188. 
 
 The length of the male is about l-10th of an inch ; that of 
 the female a little more. 
 
 This, and the next two, are among the most easily identified 
 species of the group. The caput is considerably raised, the falces 
 are protuberant near thoir base, and are armed, in front, with 
 
107 
 
 strongish prominent denticulations ; the cephalo-thorax also lias 
 a marginal row of similar denticulations. The palpi (of tlie male) 
 are long and slender, the third (or cubital) joint has a strong and 
 nearly porpendicular, pointed spur beneath its fore extremity ; and 
 the second (or radial) joint is broad, obtuse, and 
 rather rounded at the, somewhat produced, fore extremity 
 of the upper side. Tho colour of the cephalo-thorax is a rich 
 glossy, brown-black ; the legs reddish-brown, and tho abdomen 
 black; the humeral (or longest) joint of the palpus (in all 
 tho three species) is armed with denticulations ; and, in the 
 present one, there is frequently a longitudinal, central row of 
 very small, sharp denticulations on the caput. 
 
 This is an abundant spider in most parts of England ; and 
 especially in early summer and autumn, when, after a frosty 
 morning, and gossamer lines are numerous over the grass fields, 
 numbers of both sexes may be found running on the silken 
 threads. 
 
 NERIENE LONGIPALPIS. 
 
 Linyphia lonqipalpis, Sundevall, Sv., Spindl., Beskr., in Vet. 
 Akad. Handl., f. 1829, p. 212; ibid 1832, 
 p. 259 in part. 
 
 Neriene lonoipalpis, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii., p. 447, 
 pi. xxxiv., No. 23 and 24. 
 
 This spider is a little larger than the foregoing, but resembles 
 it vory closely in form, structure and colour. It may, however, 
 be recognised, without much difficulty, by the last joint but one of 
 the male palpus, which, instead of having the produced portion, 
 at the fore extremity of tho upper side, broad and obtuse, has 
 that part rather more produced, and somewhat pointed. It 
 is f ound in the same localities and at the same periods as Neriene 
 atra, but is a much rarer spider, especially in Dorsetshire, where 
 I have only met with it on two or three occasions, 
 
108 
 
 NERIENE DENTIPALPIS. 
 
 Thebidion dentipalpe, Wider, Mus. Senck, 1, p. 248, taf. 17, 
 fig. 1. 
 
 Nebiene dentipalpis, Cambr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8598, and 
 Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii, p. 448, pi. 
 xxxiv., No. 21. 
 
 This spider is of the same size as Neriene atra and exceedingly 
 like that, and the last speoies also ; but it may be distinguished 
 readily, from both, by a small, but distinct, tooth-like spine 
 behind the radial joint of the male palpus ; the same joint is 
 also very prominent at the fore extremity on its outer side, 
 and tho produced portion of the uppor side differs in form from 
 that of both the other species. 
 
 It is found at the same periods and in the same localities as 
 N. atra, and is equally abundant, 
 
 NEEIENE GBAMINICOLA, 
 
 Neeiene geaminioola, Bhchw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 272, pi. xix., fig. 186. 
 
 Linypiiia geaminioola, Smdevall, Sv., Spindl. Beskr. in Vet. 
 Akad, Hand!, f. 1829, p. 213. 
 
 The male measures 1 -1 0th of an inch in length. The colour of 
 the cephalo-thorax (which has tho ocular area a little prominent) 
 is yellow-brown, with a blackish marginal lino, and some con- 
 verging blackish lines on the thoracic portion ; the logs and 
 palpi are reddish yellow-brown, and the abdomen blackish. The 
 cubital joint of the male palpus has a short, pointed, spur-like 
 prominence beneath the fore extremity, but it is not nearly so 
 long as that in tho throe forogoing spocies. The radial joint S3 
 
109 
 
 stronger than tho cubital, and has three projections at its fore 
 extremity ; two, large and obtuse, on the upper side, project over 
 the base of tho digital joint, while the third is small, pointed, and 
 situated underneath ; each of the falces is armed with a strong 
 prominent tooth in front towards the fore extremity on the inner 
 side. The female (and now and then the male) has sometimes a 
 longitudinal, control, ill-defined, pole band on the upper side of tho 
 abdomen. The sexes are, in most other respects, similar to each 
 other. This is a tolerably common spider at Bloxworth on furze 
 bushes when in full bloom, and on the bronches of trees, as 
 well as among underwood. It is also found in many other parts 
 of England, and in Scotland. 
 
 NEBIENE NIGRA. 
 
 Nekiene nigra, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 271, pi. 
 xviii., fig. 185. 
 
 The length of this spidor is rathor more than one line. It is 
 almost completely block, or black with a brownish tinge ; the 
 cephalo-thorax is glossy, whilo the abdomen is of a dull hue, 
 and the legs are reddish-brown. The caput is rather elevated, 
 and prominent in the ocular region. The palpi are similar in 
 colour to tho legs, and (in the male) the cubital joint is 
 long, and enlarges gradually to its fore extremity, while the 
 radial joint has its upper extremity produced into a 
 long, narrow process, ending in a bent point, the point directed 
 outwords. The digital joint is rother small, and the 
 palpal organs have a kind of corkscrew-shaped, spiny process at 
 their extremity. 
 
 I have found this spider tolerably plentiful on iron railings at 
 Bloxworth in the months of April and May ; ond it is one of 
 those to which, in its young stote, much of the gossamer over our 
 fields in autumn is due. It is also found in other parts of 
 England, as well as in Scotland. 
 
110 
 
 NERIENE LONGIMANA. 
 
 Erigone longimana, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. viii., p. 93, Taf. 
 278, fig. 661, 662. 
 
 Neriene vagans, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. p. 257, 
 pi. xviii., fig. 173. 
 The malo of this spider is rather less than 1 line in length, 
 the female being slightly larger. 
 
 The caput is not elevated above the thoracic level, nor is it 
 prominent before ; the whole cephalo-thorax is of a more or less 
 dark, yellowish-brown colour ; the legs reddish brown, and the 
 abdomen nearly black. 
 
 It may be easily recognised by the great length of its slender 
 palpi, of which the 'digital joint is very small, while the radial 
 has its fore extremity, in front, produced into a long, curved 
 process, the point of which is enlarged and roundish. 
 
 As yet we must reckon this little spider among our rarer 
 species, inasmuch as I have only met with it in Dorsetshire (at 
 Bloxworth and in the neighbourhood) three or four times. It 
 appears to be far more frequent in Wales and Scotland ; and 
 is adult during the summer months. It may be distinguished 
 from some other minute, and allied, spiders, with long palpi, by 
 the browner hue of the cephalo-thorax, and the absence of any 
 spur on the under side of the cubital joint, as well as by the 
 more depressed caput. The sexes resemble each other in colour 
 and general characteristics. 
 
 NERIENE RUPIPES. 
 
 LnnrpmA ritfipes, Sundevall, Sv. Spindl. Beskr. in Vet-Akad. 
 
 Handl., f. 1829, p. 215; 1832, p. 259. 
 Neriene uVwda., Blacho., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 265, pi. 
 
 xviii., fig. 180. 
 
 The length of the male of this spider is l-8th of an inch ; the 
 female being rather larger. 
 
Ill 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is reddish-brown ; the caput, 
 of the male especially, suffused with a deeper hue ; that of the 
 legs is red, and the abdomen brownish-black with sometimes a 
 broadishj'pale brownish-yellow, longitudinal, central band on the 
 upper side ; this band is frequent in the female, but less often 
 found in the male. The caput is not elevated. The palpi of the male 
 are remarkable for the large size, and tumid form of the cubital 
 joint ; the radial joint has its outer extremity produced into a large 
 process, and there is another, of a less size, at the inner extremity, 
 with a third (the smallest) beneath. The falces of the male have 
 a tooth-like process towards their fore extremity, rather on the 
 inner side. 
 
 This not an uncommon spider among underwood, and on the 
 lower branches of oak trees at Bloxworth in early summer ; and 
 Mr. C. W. Dale has found it, not unfrequently, at Glanvilles 
 Wootton. I have also received it from other localities, both in 
 England and Scotland. 
 
 NERIENE RUBENS. 
 
 Neriene rubens, Blaehw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 270, pi. 
 xvii., fig. 184. 
 
 This spider is of the same size as the last. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax (of which the caput is con- 
 siderably and abruptly elevated, and prominent) together with that 
 of the legs and palpi is yollowish-red. The abdomon is reddish- 
 brown. The male of this spider may be recognised by the 
 peculiar form of tho palpi, as woll as by the abruptly elevated 
 caput. The fourth (or humeral) joint of the palpus is vory strong, 
 enlarging gradually to its fore extremity, where there is, on the 
 upper side, a strong, spine-like spur, together with a good many, 
 very small, pointed, black, or red-brown spines; the radial 
 joint has its inner extremity produced into a tapering, curved 
 process, with another rather shorter and. .lees pointed, at the end 
 of the outer side. 
 
112 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours and general 
 characteristics. 
 
 This spider is found among underwood, and on furze bushes, in 
 the months of May and June, and in autumn, at Bloxworth, 
 and in many other British localities. It should be remarked that 
 the legs of the first two pairs, in the male of this and the next 
 two species, have the under side of the tibia) enlarged, and 
 thickly furnished with hairs, towards the anterior extremity. 
 
 NERIENE BIFIDA. 
 
 Neriene bifida, Cambr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8587, and Trans. 
 Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 449, pi. xxxiv., 
 No. 14. 
 
 This spider is closely allied to the preceding, resembling it 
 very nearly in size, colours, and structure ; but it may be at 
 once distinguished by the form of the fore extremity of the 
 upper part (ocular region) of the caput ; this part is divided 
 longitudinally, by a rather deep cleft, into two segments, each of 
 whichhas fouroftheeyesuponit. The palpi are exceedingly similar 
 to those of N. rulens. A single example of the male, found at 
 Bloxworth on a furze bush, at the end of summer, some years 
 ago, is at present the only recorded example. 
 
 NERIENE ISABELLINA. 
 
 Micryphantes isabellotus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. viii., p. 109, 
 
 Taf. 282, fig. 676, 678. 
 Neriene rubella, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 281, 
 pi. xix., fig. 194. 
 Nearly allied to Neriene rulens, which it resembles closely in 
 general form, structure, and colours. The abdomen is, however 
 generally of a redder hue, and the caput is not quite so much 
 elevated, nor so prominent ; the palpi of the male differ entirely ; 
 they are strong, the cubital joint is of inordinate size and tumidity, 
 and has a sharp-pointed process at its fore extremity, near the 
 
113 
 
 outer side, in front. The radial joint is very short, but has its 
 fore extremity produced into a very long, strong, curved, slightly 
 tapering process pointing outwards over tho outside of the digital 
 joint; and there is another, very much smaller, curved process on 
 the outer side, directed backwards. The form of these joints 
 will distinguish this spider at once from Neriene rubens. The 
 fomales are difficult to distinguish at first sight, but their respective 
 genital apertures are quito different in form. 
 
 This spider is not rare among underwood, in summer and 
 autumn, at Bloxworth ; and Mr. C. W. Dale has sent it to mo 
 from Glanvillos Wootton. I have also received it from other 
 parts of JSngland, and from Scotland. 
 
 NERIENE VIGILAX. 
 
 Neriene vigilax, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 277, 
 pi. xix., fig. 191. 
 
 Length of the male scarcely one Line. 
 
 The caput of this spider is not elevated. The colour of the 
 cephalo-thorax is dark-brown, that of the legs rehdish, and the 
 abdomen black. The fore extremity, on tho upper side, of the 
 radial joint of the palpus, has a curved, obtusely pointed process 
 pointing outwards, and the palpal organs have a slender black 
 spine coiled round at their foro extremity, towards the outer 
 side, and covered with a thin membranous substance. 
 
 This is a very rare spider, and has been found once or twice 
 only, as yet, in Dorsetshire, running on a roadway in summer 
 time. Mr. Blackwall has met with it, once only, in North Wales 
 
 NERIENE HERBIGRADA. 
 
 Neriene herbigrada, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 285, pi. xix., fig. 199. 
 
 The length of the male of this spider is less than 1 line, being 
 about 1-1 5th of an inch; and the female is rather larger. The 
 colour of the cephalo-thorax is brown, that of the legs yellow- 
 
114 
 
 brown ; the abdomen is somewhat like the legs in colour, but of a 
 much darker hue. The radial j oint of the palpus is larger than the 
 cubital, and has its fore extremity, rather on the inner side, pro- 
 duced into a strongish, obtuse process ; the palpal organs have two 
 long, slander, contiguous, curved, black spines connected with them, 
 and extending beyond the extremity of the digital joint. The 
 caput is not elevated, but there is a longitudinal, narrow inden- 
 tion running backwards, immediately behind each of the lateral 
 pairs of eyes. This indentation is confined to the male. The 
 female does not differ in colours and general characters from the 
 male. 
 
 It is not common, but I have met with this spider occasionally, 
 in spring-time, among moss in woods at Bloxworth ; and it has 
 been found by Mr. Blackwall in North Wales. 
 
 NEBIENE AFFINIS. 
 
 Neriene affinis Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 259, 
 pi. xviii., fig. 175. 
 
 The long palpi, and very small digital j oints, which are roundish and 
 scarcely wider than the next joint, render this rare spider easily 
 distinguishable. It is about l-7th of an inch long. The colour of 
 the cephalo-thorax is dark reddish-brown, the legs and palpi 
 being of a bright yellowish-red hue. The cubital joint of the 
 palpus has a short, conical, prominent, pointed spur beneath its 
 fore extremity. The f alces are strong, prominent at their base in 
 front, divergent at their extromity, and, in the male, with a 
 strong tooth, towards the inner side, near the middle. The caput 
 is not raised above the level of the thoracic region. The 
 abdomen is black. The femalo resembles the male in general 
 characters and colours. 
 
 I have only met with this spider in Dorsetshire on one occasion, 
 at Bloxworth, among moss and grass, in early summer. Two 
 other examples have been recorded in England, one found in 
 Yorkshire, the other in Derbyshire. 
 
115 
 
 NERIENE DENTATA. 
 
 Neriene dentata, Wider., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 258, pi. xviii., fig. 174. 
 
 The length of the male of this species is 1-1 Oth of an inch, the 
 female heing rather larger. Like those of Neriene affinis, the f alces 
 of the male have a strong tooth in front, but the two species may- 
 be readily distinguished by the caput, which is, in the present 
 spider, more convex behind the eyes, and rather elevated above the 
 thorax, the most elevated part being clothed with numerous strong 
 hairs. The digital joints of the palpi are large, and the palpal 
 organs prominent and complex ; the cubital joint has also a small 
 spur beneath its fore extremity. Its colours are generally of a 
 duller hue than those of N. affinis. The female is similar in 
 colour to the male, and in both sexes tho abdomen frequently 
 has a central, longitudinal pale stripe. 
 
 I have found this spider at Bloxworth and in several other 
 parts of Dorsetshire (but not in abundance), among moss and 
 water weeds in marshy places, in the months of May and June. 
 It has also occurred in Scotland. 
 
 NERIENE AGRESTIS. 
 
 Neriene agrestis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 276, 
 pi. xix., fig. 190. 
 The male of this little spider is no more, and often less, than 
 l-12th of an inch in length. The colour of the cephalo-thorax is 
 yellow-brown, the legs and palpi pale reddish-yellow, and the 
 abdomen dark blackish-brown. The upper side of the caput is 
 somewhat convexly raised above the rest. The palpi are moder- 
 ately long, slender, and the radial joint has a very small pro- 
 jection at the extremity on the upper side, armed with two sharp 
 points. The digital joint and palpal organs are also small. The 
 female is larger than the male, and often has a pale, longitudinal 
 stripe down the middle of tho upper sido of the abdomen, very 
 much resembling, in this respect, the female of Neriene munda. 
 
116 
 
 This spider is not rare in spring and early summer, running 
 on the iron railings on the lawn at Bloxworth Kectory. I have 
 also found it in pastures, among grass and herbage, in several 
 other localities in this county. It occurs in numerous other 
 localities in England, and I have also received it from Ireland 
 and Scotland. 
 
 NEEIENE RETUSA. 
 
 Eeiqone retusa, Westr., Aran. Suec., p. 253. 
 Neriene elevata, Camlr., Zoologist 1862, p. 7966. 
 
 The size of this spidor is about the same as that of Neriene 
 agrestis, and its colours are also similar ; but the male 
 may be easily distinguished by the hinder part of the caput 
 being a little elevated, and 'then suddenly dropping to the normal 
 level by an abrupt slope just behind the eyes ; forming there 
 (if looked at sideways) a kind of notch. The radial joints of 
 the palpi are also quite different, and of a rather peculiar form ; 
 the cubital joint is longer than the radial, and slightly clavate ; 
 the radial is prominent at its extremity in front, the prominence 
 ending in a small, pointed apophysis, directed outwards ; and 
 beneath the prominence is a small, black, sharp pointed spine, 
 slightly curved, with its point directed rather backwards and 
 outwards.- 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours. 
 
 This is, apparently, everywhere, a rare spider. In Dorset- 
 shire I have only met with it on two or three occasions, and then 
 in company with Neriene agrestis. I have found it also in Lanca- 
 shire, and have received it from both Scotland and Ireland. 
 
 NERIENE APICATA. 
 
 Neriene apicata, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 269, 
 pi. xviii., fig. 183. 
 This is another little spider closely allied to the last, and 
 similar to it in siee, colour, and general appearance ; but it may 
 
Iff 
 
 at onco be recognized by a small, perpendicular, obtusely- 
 pointed, somewhat subcorneal eminence on the caput, behind the 
 eyes, surmounted by a crest of hairs. It is a rare spider every- 
 where. I have, twice or three times only, found it among grass 
 and herbage at Bloxworth in summer time, and it has occurred 
 in Wales and Scotland. The female is probably very like that 
 of the foregoing spocies, though it has not yet been certainly 
 identified. 
 
 NERIENE GIBBOSA. 
 
 Nemene oibbosa, BtacJew., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 278. 
 
 This spider is a very little largor than the last, but resembles 
 it very much in its general colouring. It may however be easily 
 distinguished by the form of the cephalo-thorax, which has a very 
 large, obtusely rounded protuberance, on the middle of the upper 
 side, at the occiput ; and immediately in front of this is a deep 
 hollow, or depression, furnished with strong bristly hairs, whose 
 points appear to converge over it. The palpi of the male bear 
 considerable resemblance to those of Nerieno apicata, but the 
 radial apophyses are rather stronger. 
 
 I have found specimens of this very distinct spider, rather 
 abundantly on one occasion, among moss in a swamp near Cham- 
 berlains Bridge, between Bere and Wool, in the month of June. 
 It has been met with also in North Wales and Scotland. The 
 female is rather larger than the male, and has not the pro- 
 tuberance on the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 NERIENE TUBEROSA. 
 
 Nebiene tuberosa, Blaokw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 279, 
 pi. xix., fig. 192. 
 
 This spider is about the same size as the foregoing — about 
 l-12th of an inch, or rather more in length — and resembles it in 
 colours and general appearance. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax has also the middle of its upper aide £oa- 
 
118 
 
 siderably elevated or gibbous, but not so abruptly protuberant 
 as in tbe last species ; nor is there any depression, clothed with 
 hairs, in front of the elevation as in NeriSne giblosa. Tho palpi 
 are very similar to those of that species. 
 
 Tho female is very difficult to be distinguished from that of 
 Neriiine giblosa ; resembling it almost exactly in size and 
 colours. 
 
 I have found this species in tolerable abundance in the same 
 locality, and at the same period of tho year, as the spider last 
 mentioned ; and Mr. Blackball has mot with it in North Wales. 
 
 NEEIENE COBNUTA. 
 
 Neeiene coenuta, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 267, 
 pi. xviii., fig. 181. 
 
 The male of this very abundant but distinot little spider is 
 about l-12thof aninohin length, and the female is rather larger. 
 It may be known at once by two longitudinal-oval protuber- 
 anco on the fore part of the upper side of the caput; these 
 protuberances are parallel, and close to each other, and 
 have a rather forward direction, the eyes being close in front 
 of them. Tho cephalo-thorax is of a deep black-brown colour, 
 the legs and palpi brownish-red, and the abdomen black. The 
 radial joint of the male palpus has a long, slender, curved, 
 pointed apophysis at the fore extremity on the inner side, a small, 
 curved, pointed one in front, and a short obtuse one underneath ; 
 the palpal organs aro complex. The female resembles the 
 male in colours, but is larger and wants the cephalic protuber- 
 ances. 
 
 I find this spider, very frequently, running on iron railings, and 
 on posts in sunshine, in spring-time and early summer ; also on 
 bushes and the lower boughs of trees at Bloxworth, and in many 
 other localities in Dorsetshire and England generally. It is 
 found also in North Wales, 
 
119 
 
 NERIENE BITUBERCULATA. 
 
 Newene bitubehoulata, Wider., Blaehw., Spiel. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 268, pi. xviii., fig. 181. 
 
 This spider is very nearly allied to Neriene cornuta, and the 
 male has two protuberances on the caput like that species ; but 
 it may at once be distinguished by its larger size (the male 
 measuringl-10thofaninchinlength),andtheproportionatelylarger 
 and bolder protuberances, as well as by its totally different 
 colourings. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax, legs, and palpi are of a clear, bright 
 reddish-yellow colour, and the abdomen black. The protuberances 
 on the caput are much paler in colour than the surrounding 
 surfaoe. The palpi also are of a rather different structure 
 from those of Neriene cornuta. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours, but is larger, and 
 the caput is but very slightly protuberant behind the eyes, 
 with a very fine, depressed, longitudinal line over the middle of 
 the protuberant part. 
 
 I have found both sexes of this spider among water-weeds, 
 and moss, in a swamp at Bloxworth, as well as near Chamber- 
 lain's bridge ; it has occurred also, running in sunshine, on the 
 parapet of the bridge, and on the causeway fence, Morden Park, 
 near Bloxworth ; and I have received it from some other parts 
 of England, and from Scotland. 
 
 NERIENE CLARKII. 
 
 Neriene claekii, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc, xxvii., p. 441, pi, 
 56, No. 30. 
 
 The adult male is 1-llth of an inch long. The cephalo-thorax 
 is yellowish-brown, the legs rather lighter coloured, and the 
 abdomen of a dull, blackish hue. A leading character of this 
 spider is the unusually large size of the digital joints of the 
 
120 
 
 palpi and palpal organs ; these, together, present the appearance 
 of an enormous club at the end of a very slender stem. The 
 radial joint is very short, shorter than the cubital, and is dilated 
 on each side of its extremity ; the outer dilation is the longest, 
 ending in a blunt point ; and both are furnished with hairs, of 
 which some form a row round their outer margins. The caput 
 does not rise above the thoracic level. This spider is alliod to 
 Neriene livida, Blackw., but the far largor size of the digital 
 joint and palpal organs, will serve to distinguish it without any 
 difficulty. The female is unknown. 
 
 An example of this rare spider was found by my son (Robert 
 Jocelyn), on iron railings at Bloxworth Rectory, on the 24th of 
 March, 1 875 ; and another was mot with by myself under a piece 
 of old board in the kitchen garden, on the 24th of May, 1877. 
 Two other oxamples only havo, as yet, occurred in Britain, one 
 near Dover, and the other at Paisley, in Scotland. 
 
 NERIENE LATEBEICOLA. 
 
 Neeiene latebkioola, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 444, 
 pi. 56, No. 32. 
 
 The male of this spidor is only l-16th of an inch long. The 
 cophalo-thorax has the caput slightly raised above the thorax, 
 Taut only in a generally oonvex form; its colour is a light 
 yellowish-brown, that of the legs being of a deeper hue, tinged 
 with red-brown ; and the abdomen is dusky -brown, tinged with 
 greenish-yellow. The radial joint is equal to the cubital in 
 length, but is stronger, and projects from its upper side, towards 
 the hinder extremity, a long, strong, slightly sinuous, rather bent, 
 "bluntish pointed apophysis, the length of which almost equal 
 to that of the radial and cubital joints together. 
 
 I found both sexes of this very distinct little spider, in tolerable 
 abundance, among moss in a wood at Bloxworth, in the spring of 
 1866. It had been discovered only a few days previously near 
 Paisley, in Scotland, 
 
121 
 
 NERIENE EUGAX. 
 
 Neribne yuaAX, Camh:, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 445, pi. 56, 
 No. 33. 
 
 An adult male measured 1-1 3th of an inch in length. The 
 whole spider is of a very elongate form. The caput is not raised 
 above the thorax, but behind each lateral eye, of the hinder row, 
 there is a small, but distinct, longitudinal indentation. Tho colour 
 of the cephalo-thorax is a deep, rich brown, while that of 
 the legs is bright, yellowish red-brown, the femora, however, 
 being paler than tho rest. The abdomen is of a rather flattened, 
 elongate-oval shape, glossy black, with a greenish tinge. The 
 palpi are yellowish and short; the cubital joint is curved, 
 enlarges gradually to the fore extremity and is longer than 
 the radial joint, which has three projections from its extremity ; 
 the largest and longest of these projections is in front, and ends 
 in a straight, red-brown, shining, corneous point, directed out- 
 wards over the base of the digital joint; this last joint is large, 
 of a round-oval form, and contains the palpal organs, which are 
 prominent and complex. The eyes are rather large, and those of 
 the two lateral pairs, with the four-centrals, form a curved line, 
 with scarcely any intervals between them. An adult female 
 resembled the male but was smaller. 
 
 The two examples, above mentioned, of this distinct spider, are 
 the only ones yet recorded, and wore found among moss, in a 
 wood at Bloxworth, in April, 1867. 
 
 NERIENE NEGLECTA. 
 
 Neriene neglecta, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 443, pL 
 56, No. 31, a, b, c, d, e. 
 The adult male measures 1-I2th of an inch in length. The caput 
 is not raised above the thoracic level. The colour of the cephalo- 
 thorax (which is of a flattish form, with scarcely any marginal 
 compression at the caput), is of a yellow-brown colour, with a 
 few bristly hairs, directed forwards, in the central line. The 
 legs are of a pale yellowish hue, and the abdomen blackish- 
 
122 
 
 brown. The falces are long, strong, straight, perpendicular to 
 the caput, rather gibbous in front near the base, and com- 
 pressed, or pinched in, at their extremities. Both the radial and 
 cubital joints are of a clavate form, tho radial being broadly, and 
 obtusely produced at its oxtremity on the outer side. 
 
 This spider is evidontly very rare, sinoe but one example is on 
 record in Dorsetshire. It was found among moss at Bloxworth 
 in 1863. Some yoars since that time, however, I have received 
 one or two specimens of it from Scotland. 
 
 NERIENB LIVIDA. 
 
 Nbriene ltvida, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irol., p. 252, pi, 
 xviii., fig. 169. 
 „ „ Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc, xxvii., pi. 56, fig. 
 
 No. 31, f.g.h. 
 
 Tliis spider is very nearly allied to the foregoing, being of the 
 same general form ; but it is much larger, measuring l-8th of an 
 inch in length. It is also of a much dooper, rioher oolour, 
 besides differing slightly, though distinctly, in the structure of 
 the palpal organs. The cephalo-thorax is red-brown, deepest on 
 tho caput; the logs are dark, reddish yellow-brown, and the 
 abdomen blackish-brown, with four reddish yellow-brown, 
 impressed spots, in the form of a quadrangle, on its upper side. 
 The falces have the extromities flattened, as if by a sudden pinch 
 or compression very similar to those of Neriiine neglecta. The 
 female is larger, but resombles the male in colours and general 
 characters. It is not a rare spider under stones, and among 
 moss, or other a*6bris, in damp places at Bloxworth, and in several 
 other localities in Dorsetshire. It is also generally distributed 
 throughout England and Scotland. 
 
 NERIENE ALBIPUNCTATA. 
 
 Neriene amipunotata, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc, xxviii., p. 
 451, pi. xxxiv., No. 15. 
 The male of this spider measures nearly l-6th of an inch in 
 
123 
 
 length, and tho female is larger. It may readily be distinguished 
 by the great longth and strength of the divergent falcos, which 
 are armed on their inner sidos with two strong, prominent, sharp 
 teeth, one of which is much larger than the other, and has a 
 small tooth-liko prominonce near the middle of its antorior side, 
 giving it a somewhat bifid look. The fangs are also long, 
 strong, slightly bicurvate, and havo a shallow, tooth-like 
 eminonoo about the middle of the inuor sido. The cephalo- 
 thorax and logs are dull yollow-brown, and the abdomen 
 black, with a few small whitish spots on the upper side, arranged 
 in two longitudinal, widely-separated rows. The legs of the 
 first and second pairs have, besides other bristles and hairs, 
 numerous oroot ones on the tibial and metatarsi. The palpi 
 somewhat resomble those of Nericne. Uvida. The fomalo 
 resembles the male in colours and genoral appearance. 
 
 Two oxamplos of the male were mot with at Bloxworth, among 
 grass in damp places in May and Juno, 18/0-71, and a third 
 among heather, in 1875. In June, 1877, a male and several 
 females were found, among star grass, on the sand hills near 
 the sea at Studland. 
 
 On a spider very closely allied to tho present Horr Menge, in 
 his History of Prussian Spiders, has established a now, and, 
 probably, good gonus Brepanodus. 
 
 NERIENE RUFA. 
 
 Tiieridion rufum, Wider, Zool. Misc. Mus. Sonck., p. 218, pi. 
 
 xv., fig. 3. 
 Neriene RUBRIPE3, Blaclcw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Irel., p. 287, 
 pi. xix, fig. 201. 
 The male of this spidor is about 1-Gth of an inch in longth, and the 
 caput does not rise abovo the level of tho thorax. Tho colour of the 
 cephalo-thorax is rod-brown, tho logs reddish, and tho abdomen 
 brownish-black. Tho falces are very strong, prominent towards 
 their base- in front, and ■ havo a tooth-liko process noar their 
 extremity towards the inuor sido ; and tho logs aro furnisho! not 
 
124 
 
 only with hairs, but with strongish bristles, approaohing the 
 naturo of spines ; they are callod spines by Mr. Blackwall, but 
 are not, however, reckoned to be spines, sensu strioto, by 
 other authors. The distinction between a strong bristle and a 
 slender spine is an extremely arbitrary one, and liable to be dis- 
 regarded or not, according to the systematic value placed upon 
 the presence or absence of spines. If the present spider wero 
 considered to possess true spinos on the legs, it would, acoording 
 to some authors, have to bo removed from the genus Neri&ne into 
 that of Linyphia ; since Neriiine, sensu strioto, ought not to oon- 
 tain spiders with such spinos. It appears to me that the 
 armature in question does, in this specios, oome rightly under the 
 description of fine spines, and that eventually this spider will, 
 with some others, form a generic group pretty noarly equivalent 
 to Bathyphantes Menge. The palpi aro long ; the radial joint is 
 rather produced, in an obtuse form, at the fore extremity of the 
 upper side, where (as well as on the sides) it is furnished with 
 strong bristles. The digital joint is of moderate size, with a 
 very distinct lobe, or prominence, on the outer side. 
 The palpal organs are prominent and complex, with, among 
 others, a large, bent, irregularly triangular process at their base 
 on the outer side. The female is rather larger and lighter 
 coloured than the male. 
 
 I have found this spider, though very rarely, among moss in 
 early summor at Bloxworth ; and it has been met with in Scot' 
 land and Wales, but equally rarely. 
 
 NERIENE SAXATILIS. 
 
 Neriene saxatilis, Blackw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Irel., p. 262. 
 The male of this small spider measures but l-12th of an inch in 
 length, and the caput is on a level with the thorax. The colour 
 of the cephalo-thorax is brown, that of the legs paler brown, 
 and the abdomen blackish. The radial joint of the palpus has 
 at its fore extremity, near the upper side, a pointed projection 
 curved outwards, and tho digital joint has a protuberance at its 
 
125 
 
 base, which is indented on the outer side. The palpal organs 
 are highly developed, and complex. The legs are furnished 
 with a few, very fine, bristle-like spines, and on this account it is 
 placed in the genus Linyphia by Dr. Thorell. It has, however, 
 it seems to me, stronger affinity to Neriene in the more important 
 parts of its structure, and consequently I have not followed in 
 this removal. It will probably form one of the group men- 
 tioned in describing the last species. 
 
 Found, but rarely, among moss at Bloxworth in the spring, 
 and early summer months. It has also been met with in North 
 Wales and Scotland. 
 
 NERIENE SUNDEVALLII. 
 
 Eriqone sundevallii, Westr., Aran. Suoc., p. 290, and Cambr., 
 Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 450. 
 
 The length of the male of this spider is 1-1 3th of an inch, and 
 the female is a little larger. The cophalo-thorax is of a yellowish- 
 brown colour, the caput darkest, but not raised above the level of 
 the thoracic portion. The legs are of a yellow-brown hue, some- 
 times tinged with dull reddish. Those of the first and second 
 pairs are not only furnished with hairs and slender bristles, but 
 have also, beneath the tibias and metatarsi, two longitudinal rows 
 of decided, and slightly curved, strongly divergent spines. 
 These spines are most conspicuous in females. The 
 colour of the abdomen is dark blackish-brown, and occasionally 
 quite black. The palpi aro short, the digital joint is of 
 moderate size, but the palpal organs aro not remarkable for any 
 great peculiarity of developement. The female resembles the 
 male in colours, as well as in the spines beneath the two foro 
 pairs of legs. 
 
 I have found both sexes of this little spider on several occasions 
 among moss in damp woods, at Bloxworth, in the months of 
 April, May, and June, and havo also received it from Ireland. 
 
 The spines underneath the two first pairs of legs will serve 
 to distinguish this spepies from all others of • this group known 
 to me. 
 
126 
 
 NERIEXE DOLOSA, Sp. n. 
 
 Adult malo length 1-1 4th of an inch. 
 
 Tho whole of this little spider, which had evidently not long 
 attained maturity, is of a palo, dull, whitish hue, which would 
 in the course of a short time, probably have deepened into 
 yellow-brown, varying in depth on different parts. 
 
 The profile of tho cephalo-thorax, which is considerably convex, 
 forms a strong curvo on the caput and thorax, to the beginning 
 of the hinder slope, and the normal indentations are not very 
 strongly definod ; fivo bristly hairs, directed forwards, form a 
 straight line along the middle of tho caput. 
 
 Tho eyes are of moderate and not very unequal size ; they aro 
 closely grouped in a transverse and somewhat oval figure ; the 
 posterior row strongly curved, tho anterior almost straight, 
 The eyes of the two lateral, and fore-central pairs form a strong, 
 eyen curve with no porceptible intervals between any of the 
 six eyes of which it is composed. The intervals between those 
 of the hinder row are nearly about equal, and do not exceed an 
 eye's diameter. 
 
 The f alces are moderate in length and strength, perpendicular, 
 very slightly divergent at the extremities, and armed with a few 
 very minute teeth. 
 
 The legs are short, rather slender, 1.4.2.3., furnished with 
 hairs, and a few slender erect bristles on the upper sides of the 
 tibiso. 
 
 The palpi are short, tho radial is stronger than the cubital 
 joint, spreading, and prominent in front; tho digitaljointisrather 
 small, with a somewhat prominent lobe on tho outer sido ; tho 
 palpal organs are moderately complex, with two or three small, 
 black, spine-like projections close together at their foro 
 extremity, and a much larger, sub-triangular process with a 
 prominent black point, at their base on the outer side ; this point 
 is in such close connection with the fore extremity of tho outer 
 side of tho radial joint, that it is not easy to see, at first 
 whether it forms part of that joint or not. 
 
127 
 
 Tho abdomen is of a short-oval form, in fact, nearly 
 globular ; the anterior part projects over tho base of tho cephalo- 
 thorax, and the posterior extremity extends rather over the 
 spinners, which are thus seated a little underneath. 
 
 A single example of this spider was found among moss in 
 Mordon Park, near Bloxworth, at the beginning of October, 
 1878. 
 
 NERIENE LUCID A. 
 
 Neriene ltjotda, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc, xxviii., p. 452, pi. 
 xxxv., No. 27. 
 
 Tho length of the adult malo is not quite 1 line. 
 
 The colour of tho cephalo-thorax (of which tho caput and 
 thorax aro on the same level) is a dark, blackish,. shining brown, 
 with a single longitudinal central row of bristly hairs. Tho 
 colour of tho legs is bright orango-yollow, and the palpi of a 
 rather duller hue. The abdomen is jot black, glossy, and has 
 four tolerably conspicuous impressed dots, or punctures, nearly 
 in tho form of a. square, about the middle of the upper sido. The 
 radial joint of the palpus is produced at its outer extremity, a 
 little in front, into a considerable, slightly curvod, and obtusely 
 ended projection, whoso broad point is directed rather inwards. 
 The digital joint is large, tho palpal organs prominent, 
 but not very complex, and furnished with closely fitting, 
 strongish, double-coiled, black, filiform spine at their extremity. 
 
 A single example only has yet been recorded ; this was found 
 in Bloxworth, in June, 1870, running among grass in a damp 
 meadow. It is allied to Ncriiine vigilax, BL, but diffors in the 
 colour of tho legs, and in tho form and direction of the radial 
 apophysis. 
 
 NERIENE VIARIA. 
 
 NerIene viaria, Blaekw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 255, pi. 
 xviii., fig. 171; 
 The malo measures l-10th of an inch in length, and the caput 
 
m 
 
 does not rise above the thoracic lovel. The colour of the cophalo- 
 thorax is dark yellow-brown. The legs and palpi are paler, and 
 the abdomen is either deep brown, or black. The cubital joints 
 of the palpi have some long, strongish hairs at their extremity, in 
 front, in a sort of tuft. The digital joint is rather large and has 
 a largeish lobe on the outer side ; the palpal organs are prominent 
 and complex. 
 
 This spider occurs occasionally at Bloxworth, among moss and 
 at the roots of rank herbage in hedges ; I have also found it 
 several times crossing the road in sunshine. The group of long 
 hairs on the cubital joints of the palpi are a striking, and dis- 
 tinguishing character. I have recoived this spider from some 
 other parts of England, as well as from Scotland and North "Wales. 
 
 NERIENE NIGRICEPS. 
 
 Neriene nigrioeps, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., Ser. 4, Vol. 
 16, p. 248, pi. viii., fig. 6. 
 
 A very distinct and interesting little spider. Tho length 
 of the adult female is 1J lines. The profile of the cephalo- 
 thorax shews that the caput is not raised above the thorax. The 
 colour of the cephalo-thorax is orange-yellow, the caput black • 
 the legs and palpi are rather paler than the cephalo-thorax, and 
 the abdomen is dull black, tinged with olive. The legs are long, 
 rather strong, paiticularly the femoral joints, and are furnished 
 with hairs, and a few slender, prominent, spine-like bristles on the 
 femora and tibiae. The falces are rather long, not very strong, 
 slightly divergent, and nearly perpendicular. The eyes of 
 tho hind-central pair are distinctly nearer to each other than 
 each is to the lateral eye next to it. Those of the fore-central 
 pair are not quite contiguous to each other, and are divided 
 from the fore-laterals also by a very small interval. 
 
 A single example was found among heather at Bloxworth, in 
 May, 1875. 
 
129 
 NERIENE SYLVATICA. 
 
 Neiuene sylvatica, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. p. 254. 
 
 The length of the male is l-4th of an inch. The caput is level 
 with the thorax. The colour of the cephalo-thorax is brown. 
 The legs and palpi are tinged with red, and the abdomen is 
 brownish-black. Tho falces have each a longitudinal row of very 
 short fine spines near the outer side in front. The cubital and 
 radial joints of the palpi are short, and the former has a long 
 strong, straight spine-liko bristle at its fore-extremity in front. 
 The digital joint is of a tolerable size, and has a strongish sub- 
 conical enlargement at the upper part in front, a smaller conical 
 one at the base, and a prominent lobe on the outer side. The 
 palpal organs are prominent and complex ; besides other pro- 
 cesses, there is, on the outer side of the upper part, a strong 
 curved, obtuse, corneous one, whose outer edge is distinctly 
 serrated. 
 
 This spider is exceedingly raro in Dorsetshire, having occurred, 
 at Bloxworth, on only one or two occasions. It seems to be more 
 common in the north of England. Several examples having 
 been received from Berwickshire, and it has been met with in 
 North Wales. The row of minute spines on the falces, and the 
 serrato-edged process of the palpal organs are very character, 
 istic, and quite sufficient for the distinction of this spider from 
 others nearly allied. 
 
 NERIENE PUSCIPALPIS. 
 
 MicRYrnANTE3 fucipalis, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn., iii., p. 46., 
 pi. Ixxxix., fig. 202. 
 „ rurestris, ibid., 1. c, p. 84, pl.ci., fig. 231, 232. 
 
 NeRiene gracilis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p., 256 
 pi. xviii., fig. 172. 
 „ flavipes, ibid., 1. c, p. 264, pi. xviii. fig. 178. 
 Tho adult male of this slendor and delicate little spider varies 
 
i30 
 
 in iength from 1-1 2th to l-14tli of an inch in length and the 
 female is a little larger. 
 
 The caput does not rise above the thoracic level. The cephalo- 
 thorax is black or nearly so, as also is the slender, narrow, oviform 
 abdomen ; the legs are rather long, very slender, and vary 
 from yellowish to red-brown. The radial joints of the palpi are 
 vory short, and have a very small, pointed projection at their fore 
 extremity on the outer side. Tho digital joint is subconically 
 prominent towards its base, the prominent part indented on the 
 outside ; the palpal organs are complex, but pretty compact, and, 
 with the digital joint, are of a nearly circular form. The falces 
 are strong, divergent, and rather attenuate at their extremities ; 
 and the legs are armed with a few erect, very slender spines, or 
 rather strong bristles. 
 
 This is an abundant, and almost universally distributed spider 
 throughout the summer and early autumn months. It may be 
 seen, frequently, running on the ground ; or, as it is strongly 
 addicted to aerial excursions, it will often be found on one's hat 
 or coat, intercepted in its airy flight ; it is also frequent among 
 grass and other herbage. Having had tho opportunity of 
 examining typical examples both of Neriene flavipes, Bl., and 
 Neriene gracilis, ibid., I feel no doubt about their being speci- 
 fically identical. 
 
 NERIENE PENICILLATA. 
 
 Erigone penicillata, Westr., Aran Suec, p. 289. 
 Neeiene corticea, Cambr.. Zoologist, 1862, p. 7964. 
 
 Tho adult male of this small, but very distinct, spider measures 
 only l"16th of an inch in length, and the female is a trifle larger. 
 The caput does not rise above the thoracic level ; but there is a 
 strong transverse depression about the region of the occiput, 
 which is seen very distinctly when looked at in profile. The 
 colour of the cephalo-thorax is blackish-brown, the legs and 
 palpi yellowish-brown, and the abdomen black. The radial 
 joints of the palpi have the upper side rather protuberant, and 
 
i3i 
 
 furnished with a tuft of strong, bristly, black hairs, and at the 
 fore extremity is a strong projection, stretching obliquely out- 
 wards over the base of the digital joint, and ending somewhat 
 in the form of a crescent. 
 
 This species is not rare among lichens on troes (especially 
 apple trees) at Bloxworth, and is adult in the early summer 
 months. I have also met with it at Glanvilles "Wootton. 
 
 NERIENE INNOTABILIS. 
 
 Neriene innotabilis, Cambr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8582. 
 
 Tho adult male measures l-12th of an inch in longth. The caput 
 is level with tho thorax. The colour of tho cephalo-thorax is 
 yellowish-brown, the legs rather paler, and the abdomen darker 
 brown. The two central eyes of the hinder row are further from 
 each other than each is from the lateral eye, of the same row, on 
 its side. The palpi are short, the radial joint is rather longer 
 and stronger than the cubital, and is produced a littlo in front 
 on tho inner sido, ending in an obtuse point. The cubital 
 joint has several strong, black, bristly hairs in front on the 
 upper side ; the digital joint is large and obtusely conical on 
 tho upper side, the point of the cone rather directed outwards 
 There is also an angular enlargement near tho base on the outer 
 side. Palpal organs prominent and complex. Eare at Blox- 
 worth among moss in spring. I have also met with it at 
 Hursloy, noar Winchester. 
 
 NERIENE SUBTILIS. 
 
 Neriene subtilis, Cambr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8684. 
 
 Adult male, length l-12th of an inch. The caput does not rise 
 above tho level of the thorax. The colour of the cephalo- 
 thorax is reddish yellow-brown, that of the legs brightish red- 
 brown, paler at the articulation of the joints, and the abdomen 
 black, or brownish-black. The two central eyes of the hinder 
 row are nearer together than each is to the lateral eye on its side. 
 
The palpi are very similar to those of Neriene innotahilis, to which 
 it is closely allied, hut the conical prominence on the digital 
 joint is stronger ; the relative position of the eyes of the hinder 
 row also differs, as may be seen on comparing the descriptions 
 of the two spiders. Found occasionally among moss in woods 
 at Bloxworth in the months of May and June. 
 
 NERIENE CONIGERA. 
 
 Neriene conigera, Carribr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 450, 
 pi. xxxiv., No, 17. 
 
 Adult male, length 1-1 5th of an inch, female rather larger. 
 The caput is on about the same level as the thorax, with a 
 Btrongish dip between them. The colour of the cephalo-thorax 
 is yellow-brown marked with blackish marks, and veinings, 
 most of which converge to the thoracic junction ; the legs are 
 yellow, tinged with orange in some specimens, slender, and rather 
 short ; the abdomen black, glossy, and clothed very sparingly 
 with hairs. The eyes are of tolerable size, and rather closely 
 grouped in a tranverse, oval figure, the two rows being of equal 
 curvature ; those of the hind-central pair are a very little further 
 from each other than each is from the lateral eye on its side. 
 
 This spider may be easily distinguished from both the fore- 
 going (to which it is nearly allied) by its smaller size, and by the 
 far greater development of a somewhat similar, but more consider- 
 able, conical prominence on the digital joint of the adult male ; the 
 apex of this prominence is slightly directed backwards and out- 
 wards, in a somewhat curved form. The palpal organs are 
 highly developed, and complex. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours and other general 
 characteristics. 
 
 Found, very rarely, on furze bushes on the heath at Bloxworth, 
 in spring and early summer. I have received it from Aberdeen 
 and Berwickshire ; and have met with it also on furze bushes at 
 Newhaven, near Brighton. 
 
133 
 JJERIENE PALLIPES, 
 
 Nebiene PAW.IPES, Camlr,, Trans, Linn, Soc, xxvii,, p, 437, 
 
 Adult male, length 1-1 7th of an inch. 
 
 The colour of thecephalo-thorax of this small spicier is yellowish- 
 brown, finely margined with black. The logs are moderate in 
 length and strength, furnished with hairs and a few slender 
 spines, and of a pale, dull, yellowish colour, The abdomen is 
 oval, glossy, very thinly clothed with hairs, and of a dull black 
 hue. The caput is confluent on the sides with the thorax, owing 
 to the very slight development of the normal indentations ; when 
 seen in profile, the outline of the caput forms an even curve to 
 the base of the falces ; the height of the clypeus is equal to 
 half that of the facial space. The eyes are small, and rather 
 closely grouped together; they differ but little in size; the 
 hind centrals are rather nearer to each other, than each is to 
 the lateral eye next to it ; the fore-centrals are contiguous to each 
 other, and each is about an eye's diameter from the fore lateral 
 next it. 
 
 The palpi are short, and the radial and cubital joints are of equal 
 length ; the former is the strongest, but is devoid of any projec- 
 tions; the digital joint is comparatively large, and greatly 
 exceeds in length that of the radial and cubital joints together; 
 the palpal organs are complex and highly developed. 
 
 The female resembles tho male in colours and general charac- 
 ters, but is rather larger. 
 
 An example of each sex was found on low bushos in a wood 
 at Bloxworth, in July, 1860. 
 
 NERIENE ANOMALA. 
 
 Neriene anomaia, Cambr., Zoologist, 1863, p. 8585. 
 
 Length of the adult female 1-1 lth of an inch. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is dull yellow-brown, with some sooty lines 
 converging to the thoracic .junction.; . the. logs and palpi are 
 bright yellow-brown ; and the abdomen is large, o.f a long-ovaj 
 
134 
 
 form, and of a sooty, brown -black hue, thinly olothod with short, 
 pale hairs. The palpi are short, the digital joint is large, of a 
 long-pointod, oval shape, tumid at the base and pointed at its 
 extremity, like the undeveloped palpus of male spidors. The 
 genital aperture has a strong prominence connected with it ; and 
 had it not been for the plain ovidonce, as to sex, furnishod by 
 this latter portion of struoturo I should, without hesitation, have 
 decided the examples examinod to have boon those of 
 immature males. The eyes of the hind-oeutral pair are rather 
 further from each other than each is from the hind-lateral oyo 
 on its side ; those of each lateral pair are plaoed very slightly 
 obliquely, and are contiguous to each other. 
 
 This romarkable spider is voi'y rare, among hoathor, at Blox- 
 worth ; and it may easily bo distinguished from all others yet 
 known to me, by the tumid digital joint of the palpus above 
 detailod. Mr. Dale has also mot with it among moss at Glan- 
 villos Wootton. 
 
 NERIENE MOLLIS. 
 
 Neriene mollis, Cambr., Trans, Linn. Soc, xxvii., p. 439. 
 
 The length of the adult male is l-16th of an inch. 
 
 This is a very minute and obscure species ; and, as it had only 
 recently moulted, it had not quite attained its permanent colours. 
 These appeared to bo (like those of many others of the genus) 
 yollow-brown on the cophalo-thorax ; legs and palpi yellow, and 
 abdomen brownish-black. Tho caput is level with the thorax, with 
 a shallow, notch-like depression between them, when seen in 
 profile ; the height of the clypeus is equal to half that of the 
 facial space. The eyes are closely grouped, of moderate sizo, and 
 do not differ much, in this respect, from each other ; those of the 
 fore-central pair aro not quite contiguous, but aro equally separ- 
 ated from each other, and from tho fore laterals. The intervals 
 also between those of tho hindor row are very nearly equal. The 
 palpi are very short, the radial is rather stronger than the cubital 
 joint, but is destitute of any terminal projection, or apophysis; 
 
135 
 
 the digital joint is small and round-oval in form; tho palpal 
 organs are well developed and complex, but compact. 
 
 One example only, found at Bloxworth, has as yot come 
 before me. When first described it was stated, inadvertently, to 
 have been found near London. Its nearest ally is Neriene 
 fuseipalpis, C. L. Koch, but the faloes are larger and less strong 
 at their base, and the form and struoture of the palpi and palpal 
 organs is different. 
 
 NERIENE ARUNDINETI. 
 
 Neriene arundineti, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 441. 
 
 Adult female length l-10th of an inch. 
 
 This spider is very like the female of Neriene Uvida, El. 
 it is, however, smaller ; its abdomon is blackor, and devoid of 
 the pale markings, and red-brown, impressed spots on the upper 
 side, and is more perceptibly clothed with long, prominent, pale 
 hairs ; nor is it likely to be the female (at present unknown) of 
 Neriene neglecta, Cambr., the relative position of the eyes of the 
 hinder row being different ; in the present spider these are 
 equidistant from each other ; and the inner extremities of the falces 
 are devoid of the depressed, or pinched form characteristic 
 both of Neriene Uvida and Neriene neglecta ; it is more like the 
 female (lately discovered) of Neriene albipunctata, Cambr., but at 
 present I believe it to be distinct also from that species. 
 
 I have met with but one example of this spider — in a marshy 
 spot at Bloxworth in 1866. It occurs (I am told by Dr. L. 
 Koch who has oxamined the specimen described) near Niirnberg, 
 in Bavaria. 
 
 NERIENE FORMIDABILIS. 
 
 Neriene formidabilis, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc, xxvii., p. 447. 
 
 This is the largest spider of the group yet known to me, the 
 length of the adult female being very nearly 1-oth of an inch. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is dark yellow-brown; the 
 
136 
 
 faloes darker, and strongly tinged with red. The legs and palpi 
 are bright brownish-yellow ; and the abdomen is deep blaok- 
 brown, clothed pretty thickly with fine prominent hairs. Looked 
 at in profile, the outline of the caput and thorax forms a rather 
 convex curved line, from the eyes to the hinder slope, which is 
 long and gradual ; the clypeus is nearly vertical, and its height 
 is equal to half that of the facial space. The eyes are small, 
 seated on black spots, but do not difier greatly in size ; those of 
 the lateral pairs are seated on oblique tubercles ; those of the 
 hind-central pair are nearer to each other than each is to the 
 lateral eye, of the same row, next to it. The f alces are moderately 
 long, but massive and strong, very prominent at their base in 
 front, straight, nearly perpondicular, and armed w ith some strong 
 sharp denticulations, near their extremity on the inner sides. 
 The logs are furnished with hairs only. A single oxample was 
 found at Blox worth among dead leaves in spring-time, some years 
 ago. It is nearly allied to (but I think distinct from) Neriem 
 huthwaitii, Cambr., a spider not yet found in Dorsetshire, though 
 very likoly to occur thore. 
 
 NEEIENE ASPERA. 
 
 Neriene aspera, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 448. 
 
 Adult female, length 1-1 lth of an inch. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Neriene negleota, Cambr., of whioh, 
 as before remarked, the female is not yet known. It resembles that 
 species very closely in form and colours, but is rather smaller and 
 much more hirsute, the hairs on the legs and abdomen being coarser 
 and denser ; it is also allied to Neriene ollonga (now removed to 
 Linyphia) ; but it may be at once distinguished from the latter 
 species by the absence of any spines on the legs, as well as by the 
 larger size, and closer grouping of the eyes. These form two, more 
 nearly straight, transverse rows, the rows being very close to 
 each other. The eyes of the hind-central pair are noarer to each 
 other than each is to the lateral on its side ; and those of the 
 fore-eentral pair are not quite contiguous to each other. Tha 
 
137 
 
 height of the elypeus is equal to half that of the facial space. 
 The terminal tarsal claws are more than usually conspicuous. 
 
 A single example only was found, in the month of June some 
 years ago, on tho iron railings enclosing tho lawn at Bloxworth 
 Eectory. 
 
 NERIENE APERTA. 
 
 Neriene aperta, Canibr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 450. 
 
 The length of the adult female is l-16th of an inch. 
 
 The whole of the fore part of this spider (which is allied to 
 Neriene livida, Bl.), including the legs and palpi, is yellow-brown' 
 tinged slightly with red ; and the abdomen is black, tinged with 
 yollowish, and clothed thinly with hairs. The eyes of the 
 hinder row are separated by equal intervals, and the fore- 
 centrals are contiguous to each other. The height of the elypeus 
 slightly exceeds half that of tho facial space, and the occipital 
 region is a very littlo higher than the rest of tho caput and 
 thorax. Tho logs are clothed with coarse hairs, and a few 
 slender, erect bristles. The falces are strong, slightly directed 
 backward, and rather divergent. Tho large size of the genital 
 aperture, which is nearly circular, and placed on the summit of 
 a large, red-brown, rounded protuberance, is very characteristic 
 
 A singlo oxamplo found among moss at Bloxworth, in April, 
 1866. 
 
 NERIENE HISPIDA. 
 
 Neriene hispida, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 449. 
 
 Adult female length l-8th of an inch. This spider resembles 
 Neriene livida, Bl. very closely in its colours, but is smaller and of a 
 stouter form, and may be readily distinguished by the rugulosity 
 of the front of tho f alcos which are strong, straight, and vertical ; 
 a portion at the base and at the extremity is, however, free 
 from rugulosity, and tho oxtremity is not pinched in, or flattened, 
 as in N. livida. The abdomen also is blacker and more hirsute ; 
 boing clothed with short, strong, prominent hairs, and projecting 
 
138 
 
 greatly over the base of the cephalo-thorax. The height of the 
 clypous is equal to half that of the facial spaco. The eyes of the 
 hind-central pair are nearer together than each is to the lateral 
 eye, next to it ; the f oro-contrals aro unusually separated, and 
 with the hind-centrals form very nearly a square, whose fore 
 side is a little tho shortest. The legs are strong, and well fur- 
 nished with coarse hairs and slender erect bristles. 
 
 This species is nearly allied to (but I think distinct from) 
 Neriene albipunctata, Cambr. Examples of it were found at 
 Portland, under stones, in October, 1860. 
 
 NERIENE JUGULANS, Sp. n. 
 
 Length of an adult female 1 line. 
 
 This spider is of ordinary form, and bears considerable general 
 resemblance to several other species. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax has the profdo line slightly impressed 
 between the eyes, and the thoracic indentation ; and the lateral 
 marginal constriction, on each sido of the caput, is also very 
 slight. Its colour is yellow, margined with a fine black line, 
 that of the legs being of a rathor deeper, or more orange-brown 
 hue ; the sternum is slightly suffused with sooty-brown, and the 
 abdomen is also of a slightly sooty, yellow-brown colour, with various 
 Bpeckhngs and linos of a clearer hue, probably visible only in 
 spirit of wine. 
 
 The eyes are rather closely grouped together in two transverse 
 rows, the hinder row curved, the convexity of the curve being 
 directed backwards,and the front row nearly straight. All, except- 
 ing those of the fore-central pair, are rather large, and nearly equal 
 in size; tho fore laterals being,apparently,tho largest. Thoseof the 
 posterior row are very nearly, if not quite, equally separated from 
 each other, the intervals being equal to about half of an eye's 
 diameter ; that between the two hind- centrals, is, perhaps, slightly 
 greater than the rest ; those of each lateral pair are placed a 
 little obliquely, and are almost, but not quite, contiguous to each 
 other ; those of the fore central pair aro difficult to distinguish 
 
139 
 
 clearly, but are apparently contiguous to each other, and are 
 separated from the fore laterals by only a vory small 
 interval. The height of the clypeus is less than half that of the 
 facial space, but is groator than the diameter of one of the foro 
 lateral eyes. 
 
 The legs are moderate in length (4. 1. 2. 3.), rather strong, 
 especially the femoral joints, and are furnished sparingly with 
 hairs, and with a few fine, prominent, spine-like bristles on the 
 outer sides of the tibiae. Tho palpi are short, similar in colour 
 to the legs, and aro also furnished with a fow strong, spine-like 
 bristles. The falces are rather short, tolerably powerful, nearly 
 vertical, armed with a few small teeth,and like the cephalo-thorax 
 in colour. 
 
 The abdomen is of an elongate-oval, somewhat cylindric, form* 
 and projects over the base of the cephalo-thorax. The genital 
 aperture is large, of very characteristic form, and placed at the 
 hinder margin of a largo, roundish convexity. 
 
 This spider is a striking instance of the difficulty of assigning 
 the true genoric affinity of many of the small spiders at present 
 included in the genus Neri&ne ; it has a decidedly Drassid appear- 
 ance, but is yet removed far from that family by the possession 
 of three terminal tarsal claws, and tho absence of any claw at the 
 end of the female palpus. It is also, not remotely, allied to some 
 of the spiders at present included in the gonus Linypkia, such as 
 Linypkia ollonga Carnbr., and Zinyphia incerta, ibid. ; but it may 
 be distinguished by the larger size of the eyes, which are seated 
 upon black tubercular spots. 
 
 The only example I have seen, as yet, is one found in the 
 autumn of 1878, near Sherborne, by my nephew (Frederick P. 
 Cambridgo). 
 
 NERIENE BICUSPIS. 
 
 Neeiene bicuspis, Cambr., Zoologist 18G3, p. 8588, and Trans. 
 Linn Soc. xxviii., p. 451, pi. 35, No. 26. 
 This is one of tho most remarkablo species of tho genus. The 
 
140 
 
 length of the adult male is no more than 1-2 1st of an inch, or not 
 much more than half a line. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is hroad, flattened, and nearly round, the 
 fore part broadly truncate, or squared off ; near each frontal 
 corner is a moderately elevated, tubercular eminence, surmounted 
 by a short, strong, pointed, black cusp or spine, slightly curved, 
 and its point directed inwards and forwards. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is a dull, semi-diaphanous, 
 olive-brown ; that of the legs and palpi pale yellow-brown ; the 
 articulations of the joints of the legs aro strongly tinged with 
 reddish orange-brown ; and the abdomen is glossy, of a dark 
 sooty-brown hue, and sparingly clothed with hairs. 
 
 The palpi are long ; the cubital longer and stouter than the 
 radial joint ; which last has the uppor side of the fore extremity 
 produced into a kind of longish, tapering, nearly straight spur, and 
 in opposition to this is another more pointed one at the lower side. 
 Tho form of the extremity of this joint is difficult to describe 
 correctly, and has the appearance of being very different 
 from different points of view. The eyes of the fore and hind 
 central pairs form a quadrangle, broadest behind, between the 
 frontal cusps, and the lateral pairs are seated very obliquely at 
 the bases, in front, of the tubercles on which tho cusps stand. 
 
 Except in wanting the frontal tubercles and cusps, and 
 being rather larger, the female resembles the male. 
 
 Found not unfrequently, at Bloxworth Eectory, in April and 
 May, 1862 (but moro raroly since) upon iron railings ; in tho 
 angles formed by the uprights and rails of these, it spins an 
 irregular snare, and sits in it in an inverted position. In 1874 1 
 recoived this spider from tho neighbourhood of Paris, where it 
 was found by Mons. Eugono Simon. 
 
 GENUS WALCKENAERA, Blaehv. 
 The numerous little spiders comprised in this gonus cannot be 
 
141 
 
 separated gonerically from Nericne ; that is to say not as that 
 genus is at present characterized and limited ; but they may be, 
 for the most part, easily distinguished (at least in tho 
 male sex) by the structure of tho fore part of the caput ; this 
 portion is, excepting in a few instances, moro or less elevated 
 protuberant or prominent, and the eyes are grouped moro or less 
 closely upon or round the elevation. In Nericne, on the contrary* 
 the eyes are always external to any eminence on the caput ; and, 
 oxcepting in a comparatively fow instancos, there is no eminence 
 at all upon it. The fomales of Walclienacra, excepting those of 
 a fow specios, aro dostituto of the form of the caput so charac- 
 teristic of the males, and are, mostly, quite indistinguishable 
 from tho fomales of Nericne. In colours the spiders of the two 
 genera aro usually similar ; different dopths, however, of colour- 
 ing are good specific characters in Walchenacra as they are also 
 in Nericne ; the various species of Walchenacra aro also found in 
 similar situations, and (so far as t\xej are known) their habits 
 and snare are similar. Tho armature of the logs consists o 
 hairs, and very slender bristles only ; theso latter are generally 
 erect or very prominent, and never attain a spinous nature as do 
 those of some species of Nericne. 
 
 The genus WalcTcenacra contains some of the smallest known 
 spiders— one, W. diceros, Cambr. — measuring less than half a 
 line in length. 
 
 The differences in the form and structure of the caput con- 
 stitute the most tangible, as well as tho best, specific characters 
 of the male. Fifty-seven spocies are at present known as 
 British, and of these thirty-eight have been found in Dorset- 
 shire. 
 
 A Prussian arachnologist, Herr Menge, has constituted 
 numerous genera out of the various species of Nericne and 
 Walchenacra, but as most of his genera are chiefly based on almost 
 microscopic characcers, derived from a portion of tho male struc- 
 ture only, they will hardly (at any rate not all of them) retain 
 their place in a scientific system. 
 
142 
 
 WALCKENAERA BREVIS. 
 
 Thereditjm breve, Wid., Zool. Misc. Mus. Senck. p. 23C (242), 
 
 pi. xvi., fig. 8. 
 Walckenaera depressa, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 
 p. 306, pi. xxi., fig. 221. 
 The adult male measures less than one line in length, the 
 female being rather larger ; both sexes are almost exactly 
 similar in form and colours. The cephalo-thorax is broad-oval, 
 and its surface punctuose ; the f oro part (or caput) full, prominent, 
 bluff, and rounded, but without any distinct elevation ; its colour is 
 dark brownish-black. The legs aro short and, with tho palpi, 
 are yellow-brown, with a strong chestnut-red tinge. The 
 abdomen is black, often tinged with deep chestnut-brown;- it is 
 of a very short oval, almost circular and flattened form, project- 
 ing greatly over tho base of tho cephalo-thorax ; the upper side, 
 in the male, is covered with a kind of coriaceous integument 
 thickly beset with minute impressed dots or punctures, and pre- 
 sents a shield-like appearance. The palpi are short, and the 
 digital joint and palpal organs of moderate size, the latter com- 
 plex. The eyes are similar in position to those of Neriwe, and 
 the height of the clypeus is equal to half that of the facial space. 
 This, and several of the following species, can hardly be dis- 
 tinguished from Neri'ine, as at present characterized. I have, 
 however, left them for the present (for reasons before mentioned) 
 in the systematic position hero assigned to them. 
 
 This littlo spider is not rare among moss and at heather roots 
 at Bloxworth, and in other localities, in spring and early summer, 
 when they are adult. It has occurred also in Scotland and 
 North Wales. 
 
 WALCKENAERA BREVIPES. 
 
 Walckenaera brevipes, West/ring, Aran. Suec. p. 294. 
 
 „ „ Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 
 
 454, pi. xxxv., No. 28. 
 This spider is nearly allied to Walckenaera brevis Wid., which it 
 
143 
 
 resembles very closely in form, colours, and othor general characters. 
 It is, however, smaller, the male measuring less than 3-4ths of a 
 lino in length, i.e., about 1-I7th of an inch ; and the height of the 
 clypeus is much greater, being equal to two-thirds of that of the 
 facial spaco ; this last character serves to distinguish it readily. 
 The palpi and palpal organs of the male differ slightly also in 
 structure. 
 
 Found at Bloxworth at the samo season of the year, and in 
 the same situations as W. brevis, and also received from Scot- 
 land. 
 
 WALCKENAERA SCABROSA. 
 
 Walokenaera scabrosa, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 
 463, pi. 57, No. 38. 
 
 This is also a very near ally of Walclienawa brevis Wid. ; it may 
 be easily distinguished by its larger size — the male moasuring 
 l-14th of an inch in length, and the female 1-1 lth. 
 
 In colour, form, and general structure it is very similar to both 
 the foregoing species. The height of the clypeus is much 
 greaterthanthatof Walchna'erabrevis,hemgvevy alightly less (pro- 
 portionately) than that of Walckena'era brevipes. The much 
 larger size of the digital joint of the male palpus, and the more 
 highly developed spiny processes of the palpal organs are also 
 very strong distinguishing characters, and will enable tho collector 
 to soparate it easily from both tho foregoing species. 
 
 Found, but very rarely, at Bloxworth Rectory ; in eighteen 
 years I have met with it only on two or three occasions. 
 
 WALCKENAERA PRECOX. 
 
 Walokenaera precox, Cambr., Trans: Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 549, 
 pi. 46, fig. 19. 
 
 The length of the adult male is rather less than 1-1 6th of an 
 inch. 
 
 The whole of the fore part of the spider is yellow-brown, 
 excepting the legs and palpi, which are of a clearer and paler 
 
144 
 
 colour. The cephalo-thorax is something like that of 
 Walckenagra brevipes Westr., but the general shape is less short, 
 and not nearly so circular ; the caput is also less massive ; its 
 colours however, as well as other characters (especially a long, 
 narrow, deepish, longitudinal indentation running backwards from 
 each of the hind lateral eyes), will most readily distinguish it from 
 either of the foregoing spiders. The palpi are short; the 
 radial apophysis is small, slender, prominent, and pointed, and 
 projects from the fore extremity of the joint slightly towards the 
 inner side ; the palpal organs are simple. 
 
 A single example only, fonnd by my nephew, Frodorick 
 P. Cambridge, among grass on the lawn at Bloxwoith Eectory, 
 in March, 1872. 
 
 WALCKENAEKA SUBITANEA. 
 
 Erigoite subitanea, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.H., s. 4, vol. 16, 
 p. 249, pi. 8, fig. 7. 
 This very minute spider is very nearly allied to Walchnacra 
 prmcox, Cambr., it is, however, smaller, the adult male measuring 
 no more than l-23rd of an inch in length. 
 
 The curve of the hinder row of eyes is also less strong, and 
 the height of the clypeus is, as nearly as possibly, equal to half 
 that of the facial space, while in Walclcenaera pracox it is less 
 than half. The occiput (in profile) is][also more gibbous, and the 
 radial apophysis is far less prominent. The eyes of the hinder 
 row are equidistant from each other, while those of the hind- 
 central pair of Walckenaera pracox are distinctly nearer to each 
 other than each is to the lateral eye next to it. A nearly similar 
 indentation runs backward from each hind-lateral eye, and in 
 other respects also it bears close resemblance to the last 
 mentioned spider. 
 
 A single example, found in May 1874 among decayed wood 
 in an outhouse at Bloxworth Eectory, is as yet, the only 
 recorded instance) of its occurrence. 
 
145 
 
 WALCKENAERA DICEROS. 
 
 "Walokenaeea diceeos, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 454, 
 pi. 57, No. 39. 
 
 This very remarkable and distinct little spider is the smallest 
 yet known of the order Araneidea, measuring no more than 
 1 -25th of an inch in length. 
 
 The fore part of the cephalo-thorax is broad and bluff, but has 
 no distinct elevation ; two little, sharply bent, horn-like, black 
 processes, not far from each other in a transverse direction, issue 
 from small tubercles near the middle of the area enclosed by 
 the four pairs of eyes ; these horns are apparently composed of 
 several pairs of confluent black bristles ; and from behind each 
 lateral pair of eyes a long, deep, indentation runs obliquely back- 
 wards. Tho cophalo-thorax is pale yellow-brown with a narrow 
 black margin. The legs and palpi are tinged with reddish, and 
 the abdomen is dull brownish-black. The radial joint of the 
 palpus has, in front on its inner side, a long prominent projection 
 the extremity of which is rather obliquely truncated ; and the palpal 
 organs have a strong black spine curved round their fore 
 extremity in a circular form. 
 
 Very rare ; two examples of each sox, found among moss in 
 woods at Bloxworth, are all that I have met with during four- 
 teen years, in spite of many a long and wearisome search for it. 
 
 WALCKENAERA SAXICOLA. 
 
 Walokenaeea saxicola, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.H., June, 
 
 1861, and Blachv., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 
 Irol., p. 311, pi. xxi, fig. 226. 
 
 The adult male measures rather less than 1 line in length. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a dark brown colour, the legs and 
 
 palpi pale yellowish-brown, with the tibise of the first and 
 
 second pairs dark brown, and the abdomon brownish-black. 
 
 The upper part of the caput is slightly and obtusely elevated, 
 
 and behind it is a transverse dip or depression, giving a notched 
 
146 
 
 appearanco in the profile line. The palpi are short ; the radial 
 joint is broad and strong, and has three apophyses, a rather long 
 slender one curved outwards in front of the digital joint, a strong 
 crescent-shaped one in front, towards the outer side, and a short 
 obtuse one underneath; the digital joint is large, and the palpal 
 organs complex ; a black filiform spine is curved in a circular 
 form noar their middle, and from within its curvaturo, a black, 
 slightly cork-screw-shaped spino, onvoloped in membrane, is 
 dirocted obliquely forward and downwards. The female is rather 
 larger than the male, and resembles it in colours, but the caput 
 is less elevated. 
 
 Adults of both sexos of this rare spider were found under 
 stones and pieces of rock at Portland, near Pennsylvania Castle, 
 in July, 1860. It is allied to Walckenaera antica, Wid., and also 
 to the next species described. 
 
 WALCKENAERA ATRO-TIBIALIS. 
 
 Walckenaera atro-tibialis, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.H., s. 5, 
 vol. 1, p. 116, pi. 11, fig 3. 
 
 The length of the female is one line. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to the foregoing as well as to 
 Walckenaera antica, "Wider. ; from both, however it may be dis- 
 tinguished by the tibiso of all the legs being black, instead of, 
 as in those species, the tibia) of the two first pairs only. The 
 transverse depression behind the caput is stronger than that of 
 the female of Walckenaera saxicola ; and the colours of the spider 
 are far less vivid than those of Walckenaera antica. 
 
 A single example only, found in Berewood near Bloxworth, 
 among moss and dead leaves in June, 1876. 
 
 WALCKENAERA CUSPIDATA. 
 
 Walckenaera ouspidata, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. 
 p. 290, pi. xx., fig. 204. 
 The length of the male is rather more than 1 line, and the 
 
147 
 
 female is slightly larger. The colour of the eephalo -thorax is 
 dark reddish-brown, that of the legs and palpi bright yellowish- 
 red, and the abdomen is glossy black. The caput is not dis- 
 tinctly elevated, but the spider may be known at once by a 
 small, black, projecting, horn-like prominence directed forwards 
 from the centre of the ocular area. The horn being a little 
 smaller at its extremity than at its base. The palpi arc of 
 tolerable length ; the radial joint has two or three strong 
 apophyses at its extremity ; the digital joint is large, and the 
 palpal organs complex. 
 
 This is a rare spidor. I have found it occasionally at Blox- 
 worth, among moss in the spring season. It has also been met 
 with in some othor parts of England, as woll as in Scotland and 
 North Wales. 
 
 WALCKENAERA UNICORNIS. 
 
 Walckenaera unicornis, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., Juno, 
 1861. 
 ,, ,, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 
 293, pi. xx., fig. 207. 
 
 In size, colours, general form, and structure, this spider is 
 exceedingly like Walckenaera cuspidata, Bl., resembling it also in 
 having a horn-like process between the eyes ; but it may be 
 readily distinguished by the different form of the process. In the 
 present spider this is stouter, paler coloured, more vertical, and 
 rather enlarged, as well as cleft, or bifid, at tho top. The form 
 also of the radial apophysis differs, as also does the structure of 
 the palpal organs, the palpi having, however, a very similar 
 general appearance, and being about the same size. 
 
 This is a rare spider ; found occasionally at Bloxworth at the 
 same seasons as W. cuspidata, and in similar situations. I have 
 also found it atLyndhurst, Hampshire, and have received it from 
 some other parts of England. 
 
148 
 
 WALCKENAERA MONOCEROS. 
 
 Theridium monoceros, Wider., Zool. Misc. Mus. Senck, p. 230 
 
 (236) pi. xvi., fig. 3. 
 Walckenaera monoceros, Blackio., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. 
 p. 291, pi. xx., fig. 205. 
 The male of this curious little spider measures 1 line in length. 
 The eephalo-thorax is reddish-brown, the legs roddish-yellow, 
 and the abdomen deep yellowish-brown. It is allied to both the 
 fore-going spiders, but may be distinguished without difficulty 
 by the small projecting horn-like process, issuing from tho middle 
 of the ocular area, being of a conical form dirocted rathor down- 
 wards, and furnishod with numerous divergent, and upturned, 
 elavate hairs. The eyes are also smaller and describe an area 
 broader in proportion to its length than in Walckenaera cuspidata 
 and W. unicornis. The palpi and palpal organs are of peculiar 
 and characteristic structure. The radial joint has a large, curved, 
 tapering apophysis, whose obtuse point is bifid or notched, at 
 its extremity on the inner side, and has its point directed out- 
 wards, and in front is a smaller, dark-coloured, spine-like apophysis 
 opposed to the other. The palpal organs are complex, with a 
 strong spine curved in a circular form at their extremity. 
 
 I met with several examples (of the male only) of this very 
 rare spider, under stones and pieces of rock near Pennsylvania 
 Castle, Portland, in the autumn of 1859; since which time I 
 have not again found it. I had previously found a single 
 example at Southport, in Lancashire. 
 
 WALCKENAERA TUNCTATA. 
 
 Walckenaera punctata, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel , p. 
 295, pi. xx., fig 210. 
 
 The malo is rather more than 1 line in length, and the female 
 is about 1-1 0th of an inch. 
 
 The eephalo-thorax is of a very dark, slightly reddish, brown 
 colour ; the caput has no distinct elevation, but is rather raised, 
 
149 
 
 and prominent in front, and a strongish indentation runs back- 
 wards from each lateral pair of eyes. The cephalo-thorax is 
 also pretty thickly marked with roundish punctures on tho lateral 
 margins, as well as with rows of the same, converging to the 
 thoracic indentation. The sternum is also similarly punctured. 
 The legs and palpi are of a bright, warm, reddish colour, and the 
 abdomen is glossy black. Two apophyses project from in front 
 of the radial joint ; the upper one is strong, pointod, prominent, 
 and conspicuous ; the other is smaller, and less prominent. The 
 palpal organs are complex, and well developed. 
 
 This very distinct spider occurs, but not very commonly, 
 among moss in damp places, and in swampy grounds among 
 coarse grass and water-weeds, on the heath, at Bloxworth and 
 in the neighbourhood. It has occurred also in Scotland, York- 
 shire, and North "Wales. 
 
 WALCKENAERA BIFRONS. 
 
 Walckenaeea bifeons, Blaehw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Irel., p_ 
 302, pi. xxi., fig. 218. 
 
 The male measures less than 1 lino in length. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a deep brown colour, and the caput 
 is perpendicularly elevated into a large, roundish-topped 
 eminence, compressed on tho sides, and the summit divided by a 
 longitudinal groove or impression. The eyes are on the front 
 of the prominence, some little way below the summit, and the 
 lower part of the clypeus is very prominent. Tho legs and palpi 
 are yellowish-red, and the abdomen is brownish-black, and 
 glossy. Tho radial joint of the palpus is not nearly so long as 
 tho cubital, and the apophysis, at its outer extremity, is small, 
 and a little curved. Tho palpal organs are highly developed 
 and complex, and have a curved, black spino at their fore 
 extremity. 
 
 A raro spider, found occasionally at Bloxworth, on low bushes, 
 in woods, in Juno and July, and received from North Wales and 
 Scotland. 
 
150 
 
 WALCKENAERA HUMILIS, 
 
 "Walckenaera nraiLis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 307, pi. xxi., fig. 223. 
 
 The adult male measures l-18th of an inch in length, and the 
 female about 1-1 6th. 
 
 The wholecaput is rather raised, and considerably produced pro- 
 jecting forwards in a slightly upward, sloping direction, but hasno 
 distinct elevation ; it is broadly truncated at its extremity, and tho 
 eyes are placed in four pairs, occupying the whole area of the 
 truncation, which has also some short hairs upon it. The colour 
 of the cephalo-thorax and abdomen is brownish-black ; the logs 
 and palpi are red-brown. The cubital is longer than the radial 
 joint, which last is broad and produced over the base of the 
 digital joint, and ends in a bifid form, one limb of the bifid part 
 being curved and pointed, the other much larger, longer, and 
 prominent, with its termination a little enlargod and obtuse. The 
 palpal organs are highly developed and complex. 
 
 This rare spider oocurs occasionally among moss in woods in 
 early summer at Bloxworth. It seems to be more frequent in the 
 North, where some years ago (at Edinburgh) I found it on several 
 occasions running in bright sunshine, on the pavement of the 
 City, in the months of June and July. It has also occurred in 
 Lancashire. 
 
 WALCKENAERA AFFINITATA. 
 
 Waiokenaera affinitata, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii, p. 
 454, pi. 35, No. 30, and Zool. 18G3, p. 
 8,591. 
 
 The length of the male is 1-1 5th of an inch. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to, but quite distinct from, 
 Walchenaera humilis, Blackw. The caput is more elevated, more 
 porrected, and less obtuse at its fore extromity, where it is also 
 truncated in a less horizontal line. The palpi and palpal organs 
 bear a general resemblance to those of Walchenaera humilis ; but 
 are rather more exaggerated in their development. 
 
151 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is dark brown, almost black ; the legs and 
 palpi pale yellowish-brown, and the abdomen (which is of a 
 short oval form, and very convex above) is of a deep black-brown 
 colour ; the ocular area is furnished with some short, prominent, 
 bristly hairs. 
 
 A single example, f ound at Bloxworth in May, 18C1, remained, 
 until lately, unique; but on the 22nd of June, 1877, I found 
 another among star grass, on the sand-hills near the sea, at 
 Studland. 
 
 WALCKENAERA CRASSICErS. 
 
 Eeioone cbassiceps, Wcstr., Aran. Suec, p. 231. 
 
 The length of the male is about l-14th or l-15th of an inch. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Walckenaera lmmilis, Blackw., and 
 still more closely to the last species, Walckenaera affinitata, Cambr. 
 The caput is considerably elevated and prolonged forwards, the 
 extremity boing somewhat obliquely truncated, but also undivided, 
 like that of the two species mentioned. The eyes are placed in 
 four pairs, exactly north, south, east, and west, on the truncated 
 part, forming an area about half as broad again as it is long ; 
 the far greater height and length of the elevation, as well as 
 the larger size of the spider, distinguish it at once from Walckenaera 
 hiniilis. From Walckenaera affinitata, to which it bears a closer 
 resemblance, it may be distinguished by the occiput being more 
 convex, or gibbous, a peculiarity soen at once when looked at in 
 profile, the profile line of the occiput in Walckenaera affinitata 
 being of a more even, upward slope. The ocular area also is of 
 less extent in its longitudinal diameter. The clypeus exceeds, in 
 height, the length of the area formed by the fore and hind 
 central pairs of eyes ; it retreats considerably, and its profile line 
 is rather incurved. The colour of the cephalo-thorax is dark 
 brown, tinged with olive-green on the caput. The margins are 
 black, and thore are somo indistinct, radiating, blackish lines on 
 the thoracic region. The legs are slender, and of tolerablo 
 length, clothed with short, fine hairs only, and of a dull 
 
152 
 
 yellowish liuo. The palpi are moderatoly long ; the cubital joint 
 is clavate and slightly curved; the radial joint is short, hut 
 broadly and greatly produced over the digital joint, the greater 
 part of which it conceals. The produced part narrows gradually 
 to a curved, prominent, and obtuse extremity, which is directed 
 upwards, i.e., away from the digital joint. The palpal organs 
 are prominent and complex, with a prominently, curved, black 
 spine, in contact with some semidiaphanous membrane, beneath 
 their fore extremity. The abdomen is black. 
 
 A single example of this very interesting spider was found on 
 the lawn at Bloxworth Rectory by my son (Robort Jocelyn), in 
 May, 1877. This is its first record as a British spider. One 
 examplo only, from Bavaria, had previously come before mo. 
 
 WALCKENAERA CRISTATA. 
 
 "Walckenaera cristata, JBkcIcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 309, pi. xxi., fig. 224. 
 
 Tho male of this very distinct species measuros 1 line in length, 
 and the female is rather larger. 
 
 The caput is rather elevated, porrected, and divided at its fore 
 extremity into two segments, by a deep, transverse groove, or 
 indentation ; each segment is clothed at its summit with 
 numerous hairs meeting over the indentation and forming a 
 crest. Tho posterior segment bears the hind-central pair of eyes, 
 and the antorior segment the fore-contral pair, the lateral pairs 
 being much lowor down below the cleft. Tho falces are placed 
 far back, and are much inclined to the sternum. 
 
 Thecolourof the cephalo-thorax is brownish-black, the legs and 
 palpi red-brown, and tho abdomen glossy-black. The palpi are 
 moderately long ; the cubital joint is of a clavate form, and the 
 radial joint is broadly and obtusely produced over the base of 
 the digital joint with a curved, spine-like, pointed process, 
 directed outwards from its inner extremity. 
 
 This is by no means a common spider, but isfound occasionally 
 at Bloxworth, and in the neighbourhood, among lichens on apple 
 
15,3 
 
 trees, as well as among moss in woods in spring and early 
 summer months. It has also occurred in other parts of England, 
 in Wales, and Scotland. 
 
 WALCKENAERA PERMIXTA. 
 
 Walckenaeka pehmixta, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 45, 
 pi. lvii., No. 42. 
 
 This spider is allied to Walchna'dra cristata, Bl., butmay easily be 
 distinguished, not only by its smaller size (the male measuring 
 no more than l-15th of an inch in length), but also by the form 
 of the fore part of the caput, and the structure of the palpi and 
 palpal organs. It is also less deeply and richly coloured. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a dark, rich, brown colour, and very 
 glossy. The caput of the male is elevated, and much porrected 
 in an upward, evenly sloping direction ; and is also divided into 
 two segments by a deep transverse notch or cleft ; but the hinder 
 Blope is far less abrupt than in Walckenmra cristata, and the two 
 segments (of which the hinder one is much the smallest) are less 
 pointed, and not nearly so conspicuously clothed (at their summits) 
 with hairs. The radial joint is considerably produced in front, 
 at its extremity, over the base of the digital joint, and has a row 
 of three short, black, sharp-pointed spines, near together, and 
 directed outwards not far from its extremity. 
 
 Found in some abundance in May, 1863, under decaying 
 rubbish in a swamp at Bloxworth ; but I have never met with 
 it since. It has, however, been sent to me from more than one 
 locality in Scotland, and the North of England. 
 
 WALCKENAERA ANTICA. 
 
 THEErDiUM anticum, Wider., Zool. Misc. Mus. Senck. 1, p. 21, 
 
 pi. xv., fig. 1. 
 Walckenaeka antica, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p, 
 
 310, pi. xxi., fig, 225. 
 
 The male measures rather moro than 1 line in length, and the 
 female about 1-1 0th of an inch. 
 
154 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is a deep, shining, black- 
 brown. The legs are bright red-brown, the tibiae of the first 
 and second pairs being deep black-brown. The abdomen is 
 glossy and black. 
 
 The caput of the male is distinctly, but not greatly, elevated ; 
 and is divided into two very unequal segments by a deep trans- 
 verse cleft in front. The hinder segment is greatly the largest, 
 obtuse, and rounded above, and bears on its summit tho hind- 
 central pair of eyes. The anterior segment is very small, 
 and has, near its upper part in front, two small, divergent, pale, 
 processes, curving sharply upwards ; and near its base are the eyes 
 of the fore-central pair, the lateral pairs being, on either side, a 
 little below the cleft. The palpi of the male are dark reddish- 
 brown ; the radial joint is much stronger than the cubital, and 
 has a large, obtuse process, in front, towards the outer side ; a 
 longer, slenderer, pointed one towards the inner side, is directed 
 obliquely over the digital joint, and there is a small obtuse one 
 underneath. The palpal organs are complex, and have a fine, cir- 
 cularly curved spine, covered with membrane, at their extremity. 
 The legs of tho female are coloured, like those of the male. 
 
 Found frequently among rough grass, near the roots of trees, 
 as well as on iron railings, on the lawn at Bloxworth Eectory, in 
 the months of May and June. It has also been met with in 
 North Wales and Scotland. 
 
 Walchena'ira antica is one of the most distinct and remarkable 
 of our indigenous species ; and the processes in front of the 
 anterior segment of the caput, with the bright reddish legs and 
 black tibiae of the first and second pairs, render it one of the 
 easiest to distinguish. 
 
 WALCKENAERA FUSCIPES. 
 
 Walokenaeea fuscipes, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 295, pi. xx., fig. 209. 
 
 The length of the male is one line, and the female is rather 
 larger. 
 
155 
 
 The caput is rather, but not greatly, elevated ; it is strongly 
 compressed and deeply indented on the sides of the elevation ; 
 and its extremity is divided into two segments by a transverse 
 indentation. The hinder segment is blunt pointed and has the 
 hind-lateral pair of eyes near its summit. The anterior segment 
 is large and bluff, in fact representing the ordinary fore part of 
 the caput, and bears the fore-central and two lateral pair of oyes 
 in a transverse line. Each segment is surmounted with a few 
 short fine hairs. The radial joint is produced, at its fore extremity 
 in front, into a strong broad and obtuse apophysis. The digital 
 joint is small, and the palpal organs are not very complex. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax, legs, and palpi is brown, 
 and that of the abdomen brownish-black. 
 
 Found not unfrequently among moss in May and June under 
 hedges and in woods at Bloxworth. It has also occurred in 
 North Wales and Scotland. 
 
 WALCKENAERA IGNOBILIS. 
 
 Walckenaera ignobilis, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 
 457, pi. 57, No. 42. 
 
 The adult male of this very minute spider measures no more 
 than l-20th of an inch in length. 
 
 The caput is slightly and obtusely elevated, chiefly in 
 the occipital region ; on the fore part of this elevation are the 
 eyes of the hind-central pair, and lower down in a transverse 
 curved line are those of the other three pairs. At the middle of 
 the lower margin of the clypeus near the insertion of the f alces 
 is a somewhat pointed sub-tubercular prominence, by which this 
 species may easily be determined ; in the region of the eyes are 
 some short, strong, prominent hairs. Palpi short ; the radial 
 joint is shorter than the cubital, and has its fore extremity, on the 
 upper side, produced into a broad and large apophysis, whose 
 outer edge is rather hollow, and its inner extremity narrowed 
 into a long spiny point curving sharply round with its point 
 directed outwards. 
 
156 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is dark rich brown, that of 
 the legs red-brown, and the abdomen sooty black and glossy. 
 
 A single example only, found among moss and dead leaves at 
 Bloxworth, in May, 1863. I have more recently received examples 
 of it from Niirnberg in Bavaria. 
 
 WALCKENAEEA SCABEICULA. 
 
 "Walckenaera soabrioula, Westr. Aran. Suec, p. 249. 
 
 „ agqeris, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., (3) v., p. 
 
 173., and Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 301, pi. xxi.,fig. 216. 
 
 The length of the male is 1-1 6th of an inch, and the female is 
 rather larger. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is black and glossy; the caput broad, 
 prominent, and obtuse, and the occipital region slightly 
 elevated. The legs and palpi are of a bright yellowish, rod- 
 brown colour, and the abdomen glossy black. The eyes are in 
 four pairs, enclosing a space equal in length and width ; and an 
 oblong vertical space, between the fore-central and hind-central 
 pairs of eyes, is thickly clothed with hairs ; there is also a longi- 
 tudinal indentation directed backwards from each lateral pair of 
 eyes. The radial joint of the male palpus is stronger than the 
 cubital. The former is produced at its fore extremity on the 
 upper side, and has a sharp apophysis on its outer side. The 
 digital joint is of moderate size, and the palpal organs are 
 prominent and complex. 
 
 Very rare, among heath and rough grass in sandy places at 
 Bloxworth, and at Southport, in Lancashire. I have also received 
 it from Scotland. 
 
 WALCKENAEEA PAEALLELA. 
 
 Walckenaera parallela, Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 296, pi. xx., fig. 211. 
 As nearly as possible of the same size as the last species, 
 
157 
 
 the male measuring 1-1 6th of an inch in length, and the female 
 l-14th. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a dark brown colour, marked with 
 converging rows of small punctures on tho sides ; the fore part of 
 the caput is obtuse and prominent, and the occiput is distinctly, 
 but not greatly, elevated, the elevation forming a roundish 
 posterior lobe divided from the anterior lobe by a transverse furrow 
 or indentation. The hind-central pair of eyes are placed in front 
 of the hinder lobe, and the fore-central pair near 
 the upper part of the anterior lobe, the lateral pairs being on 
 each side of the fore-central pair. The legs are reddish yellow- 
 brown, and the abdomen is of a somewhat flattened-convex form 
 above, and of a brown-black colour. The cuticle on the upper 
 side has a semi-coriaceous appearance, and is tbickly covered 
 with small punctures ; four, more conspicuous, impressed spots 
 forming a quadrangular figure near the middle. The palpi of 
 the male are of a brownish hue, the radial joint is smaller than 
 the cubital and has a longish, straight pointed apophysis at its 
 fore extremity on the upper side. The digital joint is rather 
 small, and the palpal organs are complex, with a slender curved 
 spine at their extremity. 
 
 Found rarely amongmossand dead leaves, &c, in woods ; butmore 
 abundantly on iron railings, in the spring of 1878, atBloxworth; 
 also under pieces of rock at Portland,but rare in the latter locality. 
 The punctured cephalo-thorax and abdomen, with the moderate, 
 but distinct and roundish occipital elevation, enable one to dis- 
 tinguish this little spider without difficulty. 
 
 Except in wanting the elevation of the occiput the female 
 resembles the male. 
 
 WALCKENAERA PUMILA. 
 
 Walckenaeea pumila, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 312, pi. xxi., fig. 227. 
 The male measures 1-1 5th or l-14th of an inch in length, and 
 the female rather more. The cephalo-thorax is dark-brown; 
 
158 
 
 the legs and palpi reddish-brown, and the abdomen black. The 
 caput is moderately elevated, the lower part of the clypeus is 
 prominent, and there is a longitudinal indentation running back- 
 wards from each lateral pair of eyes. The hind-central pair of 
 eyes are near the fore part of the summit of the elevation, and 
 the other three pairs are placed, in a transverse line, less than 
 half-way between the central pair and the lower margin of the 
 clypeus. The radial joint of the male palpus is produoed at 
 its inner extremity, and has a short, pointed apophysis at its 
 upper one ; the palpal organs are prominent and complex, with 
 a very long, convoluted, slender, filiform spine, which springs 
 from their fore part ; the digital joint is of unusual form, being 
 broad, but deeply, roundly, and broadly impressed, or hollowed 
 out, at its fore extremity, the hinder extremity being quite 
 narrow. 
 
 This is a rare spider, but it occurs occasionally among moss, 
 and undor stones, as well as on underwood, at Bloxworth, in 
 spring and early summer time. It has also been found in North 
 Wales and Scotland. 
 
 WALOKENAERA OBSCURA. 
 
 Walokenaera obsouea, Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 297, pi. xx., fig. 212. 
 
 The length of the male is l-14th of an inch. 
 
 This spider is allied to the last, but is not difficult to be distin- 
 guished from it. The cephalo-thorax is of a deep, rich, black- 
 brown colour, the legs dull yellowish red-brown, and the abdomen 
 black. The elevation of the caput is very distinct, though not 
 very high (resembling somewhat that of Walokenaera fuscipes); it 
 is placed more on the occiput than that of Walokenaera pumila, and 
 the longitudinal indentations behind the lateral pairs of eyes are 
 much exaggerated, forming strong, deep, lateral compressions, and 
 thus marking off the elevation more distinctly. The caput is 
 glossy, but the thoracic region is of a dull hue, slightly roughened 
 on the surface, whence it has boon mimed by M. Wostriug, au 
 
159 
 
 eminent Swedish Araneologist — Erigone impolita. The radial joint 
 of the palpus is short, and has only two very small pointed pro- 
 jections from its extremity. The digital joint is large, and has 
 a strong conical prominence near the middle, giving it only a 
 little less unusual form than that of Walckena'era pumila. The 
 palpal organs are prominent, complex and furnished with several 
 spines, of which the most remarkable are a long slender one 
 forming a large bold curve from end to end of the organs, but 
 quite free from them excepting at the extromities, and another 
 shorter, stronger, curved one at their fore extremity. 
 
 A very rare spider, of which I have only found three or four 
 examples— among moss in spring time at Bloxworth— during 
 upwards of twenty years. It has also been found in Lancashire 
 and North "Wales. 
 
 WALCKENAERA ELAVIPES. 
 
 Walokenaera flavipes, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. 
 p. 298, pi. xx., fig. 213. 
 
 This spider is about the same size as Walckenaira pumila, the 
 male measuring 1-1 5th of an inch in length, and the female 
 l-14th ; it is also nearly allied to that species, but may be dis- 
 tinguished, not only by the greater elevation of the caput, but 
 also by the absence of the long filiform spine connected with the 
 palpal organs, and the different form of the digital joint. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is brownish-black, the legs and palpi 
 yellow, and the abdomen black. 
 
 The caput is moderately olevated, the elevation not being con- 
 fined so much, as in the last species ( Walckena'era obmiraj to the 
 occiput, of which the profile of the hinder part is almost vertical; 
 and there is a strong indentation directed backwards from each 
 of the lateral pairs of eyes. The hind-central eyes are 
 placed at the upper side of the fore part of the elevation, and 
 the other three pairs nearly about half-way towards the lower 
 margin of the clypeus. The radial joint of the palpus is con- 
 siderably produced at its fore extremity, which is directed out- 
 
160 
 
 wards, and is somewhat bifid at its termination. The palpal 
 organs are complex, and have a circularly coiled spine at their 
 extremity. 
 
 I found both sexes of this spider in abundance on under- 
 wood at Bloxworth, in July, 1860, but since that time have never 
 met with a single example, although I have frequently searched 
 at the same season and in similar situations, in the same, and in 
 various other neighbouring localities. A very striking instance 
 of that uncertainty of occurrence, with which every entomologist 
 is so familiar in respect to many kinds of insects, and for which 
 any adequate reason has seldom ever yet been given. Mr. 
 Blackwall has met with Walckenaera flavipes, in Lancashire and 
 in North Wales. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours, but (like most others 
 of the group) omits the cephalic olovation. 
 
 WALCKENAERA HIEMALIS. 
 
 Walckenaera hiemalis, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. 
 p. 302, pi. xxi., fig. 217. 
 
 The length of the male of this spider is 1-1 6th of an inch. 
 The caput is obtusely and distinctly but not greatly elevated ; the 
 summit of the elevation being divided longitudinally by a small 
 groove ; the fore part, just above the insertion of the falces, is 
 considerably prominent, and there is a strong longitudinal inden- 
 tation behind each lateral pair of eyes. The area enclosed by 
 the four pairs of eyes has numerous short hairs along the middle. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is deep blackish-brown ; the 
 legs are red-brown, and the abdomen black. 
 
 The palpi are similar in colour to the legs, the radial joint, 
 however, being dark-brown, and stronger than the cubital ; the 
 former joint is greatly and broadly produced at its fore extremity 
 on the upper side, extending considerably over the base of the 
 digital joint ; the end of tho produced part is curved and directed 
 outwards, and near it is a curved, sharp-pointed spine, which 
 has also an outward direction. The palpal organs are wel 
 
161 
 
 developed and complex, but its spiny processes present no 
 especially remarkable feature. 
 
 Found on iron railings, running in sunshine, and also among 
 moss in woods in spring time, at Bloxworth. It has also occurred 
 in some abundance in North Wales, in the month of December. 
 
 WALCKENAERA LATIFRONS. 
 
 Walokenaera latifrons, Cambr., Zoologist 1860, p. 8694. 
 Adult male length l-14th of an inch. 
 
 The caput is distinctly and roundly elevated ; the elevation, 
 however, is not excessive, its perpendicular height not exceeding 
 l-3rd of the whole height of the caput at that part. The upper 
 fore extremity of the caput is considerably prominent, axid forms 
 an anterior lobe or segment, divided from the posterior by a 
 strong transverse cleft or indentation. The eyes of the hind- 
 central pair are wide apart, in a transverse line, near the fore 
 part of the summit of the posterior segment ; the other three 
 pairs are placed in a transverse line near the extremity of the 
 anterior segment, and behind each lateral pair of eyes is a deep 
 longitudinal indentation. Each segment has some hairs upon it ; 
 those on the hinder one are short, bristly, and erect, those on the 
 fore one form a sort of tuft directed backwards over the dividing 
 cleft. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is deep blackish-brown, that 
 of the legs is a paler and brighter brown, and the abdomen 
 deep sooty black. The cubital joint of the male palpus is larger 
 than the radial, and enlarges gradually to its extremity. The 
 radial joint is strong, and has its fore extremity on the upper 
 side largely and broadly produced over the digital joint. The 
 produced part has an outward direction, and at its extreme out- 
 ward part is a long, slightly curved, pointed process directed 
 across to the inner side. The palpal organs are prominent and 
 complex, with several curved, corneous, and spiny processes at 
 their extremity. 
 
 The female rosembles the male in colours an r l general charac- 
 
162 
 
 ters, but is rather larger and wants the elevation of the caput. 
 Found onoe on a wall, as well as more frequently, sovoral years 
 afterwards, during the spring months, among moss and dead 
 leaves in woods, at Blox worth. 
 
 WALCKENAERA IMTLANA. 
 
 "Walokenaera implana, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 
 456, pi. 57, No. 41. 
 
 The adult male of this small species measures 1-1 7th of an 
 inch in length. The caput is considerably elevated, but not so 
 roundly and obtusely as that of Walckenaeralatifrons, Cambr., and 
 the anterior slope of the elevation is more nearly vertical ; the 
 lower part of the clypeus is considerably and roundly prominent. 
 The eyes are in the ordinary position, but, when looked at from 
 in front, that of the fore-central pair is above the straight line 
 of the two lateral pairs ; behind each of these last is a longi- 
 tudinal indentation. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is dark black-brown, that of 
 the legs and palpi pale yellow, and of the abdomen glossy black. 
 
 The radial joint of the palpus is shorter than the cubital, and 
 has its fore extremity, on the upper side, produced into a long 
 narrowish apophysis directed obliquely outwards, imperfectly 
 bifid at its extremity, and with a sharp-pointed, black, spine- 
 like projection issuing outwards, from beneath, near the bifid 
 part. The palpal organs are prominent and complex, with a 
 conspicuous, duplex, black, coiled spine at their extremity. 
 
 A single example found among low plants in underwood at 
 Bloxworth, in July, 1863. 
 
 WALCKENAERA BECKII. 
 
 "VValokenaera beckii, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 460, 
 pi. 57, No. 44, and xxviii., p. 548. 
 
 Length of the adult male 1-1 6th of an inch. 
 
 The caput is but very slightly clovatod ; the elevation is, how- 
 ever, distinct, and its upper surface is broad and flattish, being 
 
163 
 
 also longitudinally and equally divided by a narrow but distinot 
 groove. A long, strong, longitudinal indentation runs back- 
 wards from immediately above and bokind each lateral pair of 
 eyes. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is dark yellowish-brown ; 
 that of the legs and palpi yellow ; and the abdomen is of a 
 sooty brownish-black hue. 
 
 The palpi are slender ; the radial joint is shorter, but stronger 
 than the cubital, and its fore extremity is strongly emarginate, 
 forming three short, pointed prominences, two above and one 
 underneath. The palpal organs are prominent, but not very 
 complex ; at their extremity is a small, slender, curved, black 
 spine, near ■which is a prominent semi-transparent mass of 
 membranous substance. 
 
 The eyes are very small ; those of the hind-central pair are 
 seated, not very far apart, in a transverse line on the upper sur- 
 face of the elevation of the caput, and are not easy to be soen, 
 except from above. 
 
 Several examples were found in an old sewer, which had been 
 closed for thirty years and upwards, at Blox worth Eectory, in 
 October, 1872. I have also received it from the neighbourhood 
 of London, and from near Dunkeld in Sootland. 
 
 WALCKENAERA PICINA. 
 
 Walckenaera pioina, Blaekw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. p. 
 313, pi. xxi., fig. 228. 
 
 The adult male is l-14th of an inch in length. 
 
 The caput is moderately and distinctly elevated, being some- 
 what similar in form though higher than that of Walckenaera 
 pumila, Blaekw., and Walckenaera hiemalis, Wid. The fore slope 
 of the olevation follows that of the clypeus, which is consider- 
 ably prominent at its lower part. The eyes of the hind-central 
 pair are seated at the fore-part of the summit of the elevation, 
 and from behind and above each lateral pair a strong longitu-. 
 diual indentation runs backwards. 
 
164 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is brownish-black, that of the 
 logs red-brown, and the abdomen black. 
 
 The radial joint of the male palpus is stronger than the cubital, 
 and has its fore extremity, on the upper side, greatly produced 
 into a long, curved, tapering apophysis, whose point is directed 
 outwards in front of the digital joint; this joint is not very 
 large. The palpal organs are prominent and complex; they 
 do not contain any very remarkable processes, but have a short, 
 pointed, black, curved, prominent spine at their extremity. 
 
 This is not a rare spider. I have found it, frequently, running 
 in sunshine on bright spring and early summer mornings, on 
 iron railings at Bloxworth, and it has also been found in Lan- 
 cashire, North Wales, and Scotland. The female resembles the 
 male, but wants the elevation of the caput and is slightly larger. 
 
 WALCKENAERA PUSILLA, 
 
 Theridion pusillum, Wid., Zool. Misc. Arach. (Mus. Senck.), 
 
 p. 237, pi. xvi., fig. 9. 
 Walckenaeea minima, Cambr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8595. 
 
 The male of this minute spider measures no more than l-22nd 
 of an inch in length. 
 
 The caput is moderately elevated, bearing considerable resem- 
 blance to that of Walckenaera pieina, Blackw., though rather less 
 in height, and the front slope is less steep, forming in profile a 
 very obtuse angle with tho slopo of the clypeus, which is nearly 
 vertical ; each side of tho elevation, above and behind the lateral 
 pairs of eyes, is broadly and deeply indented, and the eyes of 
 the hind-central pair are seated widely apart at the fore part of 
 its summit. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is yellowish-brown, that of 
 the legs and palpi yellow-brown tinged with red, and the abdomen 
 is dark sooty brown. 
 
 The palpi are short; the radial joint is stronger than the 
 cubital, and is produced at its fore extremity, above and rather 
 on the inner side, into a strong apophysis which curves outwwda 
 
16$ 
 
 over the base of the digital joint, and has a spine-like process 
 beneath its extremity, thus appearing bifid at that part. The 
 radial joint is produced also, but less strongly, on the outer side, 
 its curve being opposed to that of the other apophysis; the 
 extremity of the radial joint appears thus to have had a large, 
 somewhat circular piece taken out of it. 
 
 The palpal organs are moderately complex and very pro- 
 minent. A strong, filiform, red-brown, prominent spine is con- 
 nected with them, and is very conspicuous near their extremity 
 on the outer side. 
 
 I have frequently found this little spider on furze bushes and 
 underwood, as well as among low plants and herbage in woods at 
 Bloxworth and in the neighbourhood. 
 
 WALCKENAEEA ERYTHEOPUS. 
 
 Erioone ERYTHRorus, Westr., Aran. Suec. p. 237. 
 Walckenaera borealis, Cambr., Zoologist, 1862, p. 7967. 
 
 Tho adult male measures l-12th of an inch in length. 
 
 The elevation on the caput is moderate, about the same as that 
 of Walc!cenaerapusilla,~Widi., but more massive; and the spider itself 
 is much larger and differs considerably in colours. The indenta- 
 tions on the sides of the elevation, behind the lateral eyes, are 
 also larger, but do not compress the sides so much. The slope 
 of the ocular area, looked at in profile, together with the profile of 
 the clypeus, is nearly the same as that of Walckenaera pusilla. 
 The eyes of the fore central pair, looked at from in front, are 
 above the straight line of the lateral pairs. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a glossy, brownish-black colour ; the 
 legs and palpi yellowish-red, the latter of rather a paler tinge ; 
 and the abdomen glossy, deep brownish-black. 
 
 The radial joint of the palpus is stronger than the cubital, and 
 has its upper fore extremity, rather on the outer side, produced 
 into a strong apophysis which curves over the base of the digital 
 joint, its bluntish point directed outwards ; from within the cur- 
 vature there issues a rather conspicuous prominent process, also 
 
166 
 
 with an outward direction. The palpal organs are prominent, 
 moderately complex, and have a circularly curved, filiform, 
 black spine at their extremity. These organs, with the digital 
 joint, form a roundish mass, larger than those of Walckenaera 
 picina, Bl., and Walckenaera Beclcii, Cambr. 
 
 Found among moss in woods, and occasionally on the walls of 
 the Rectory at Bloxworth, but it is a rare spider. 
 
 The types of Walckenaera lorealis wero found on the Pentland 
 Hills, in Scotland, and their identity with Westring's Swedish 
 spider (Erigone erythropusj is undoubted. 
 
 WALCKENAERA TKIPRONS. 
 
 Walckenaera trifrons, Camlr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8589. 
 
 Adult male length 1-1 lth of an inch. 
 
 Thisspecies may be recognised, at a glance, by the comparatively 
 small size but great distinctness of the elevation on the caput. 
 The fore part of the caput is large, rounded and promin- 
 ent, and the eminence standing up with a somewhat forward 
 direction and placed towards the occiput, has a rather tuberculi- 
 form- appearance ; the height of the elevation is moderate ; on 
 its sides, behind each lateral pair of eyes, is a deep longitudinal 
 somewhat oval-shaped indentation. In its general form and 
 character the elevation is not much unlike that of most of the 
 foregoing species. When looked at in profile there is a deep 
 cleft or indentation between the summit of the elevation and the 
 beginning of the clypeus. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is a shining dark black-brown, 
 that of the legs and palpi bright orange-yellow, and the abdomen 
 jet blaok. 
 
 The radial joint of the palpus is much shorter than the cubital, 
 and has two apophyses at its fore extremity ; one on the outer 
 side broad, obtuse, and concave, with a red-brown corneous pro- 
 cess issuing from its concavity ; the other, towards the inner side, 
 longer, but much slenderer, slightly curved, apparently bifid at 
 its extremity, and directed obliquely outwards over the base of 
 
167 
 
 the digital joint. The palpal organs are moderately complex, 
 and connected with them is a very long, slender, prominent, 
 filiform black spine curved in a ciruclar form, and with its long 
 fine point projecting freely outwards; within the coil of this 
 spine is another short stout curved one. 
 
 A single example of this very distinct spider was found running 
 in sunshine on iron railings at Bloxworth Rectory, in May, 1862. 
 Since then I have received it from Lord "Walsingham, from 
 Merton Hall, Norfolk, and also from the Cheviot Hills where it 
 has been found by Mr. James Hardy, of Old Cambus. 
 
 WALCKENAERA NEMORALIS. 
 
 Walokenaera nemohalis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 315, pi. xxii., fig. 230, 
 
 Length of the male l-16th of an inch. 
 . The elevation of the caput is considerable in height, large and 
 round at its summit, which is broader than the base ; its direction 
 is very slightly forwards, and its height is equal to half the 
 whole height of the cephalo-thorax at that point. The fore part of 
 the cephalo-thorax, below the elevation, is prominent, and there 
 is thus a considerable cleft between that and the upper part of 
 the elevation ; this is very visible in profilo, and, in fact, divides 
 the fore part of the cephalo-thorax into two large segments. 
 A strong longitudinal indentation runs backwards from just 
 above, and behind, each lateral pair eyes. 
 
 The radial joint of the male palpus is much shorter than the 
 cubital, and has its fore extremity, above, produced into a rather 
 prominent, blunt-pointed and curved, but not very large, 
 apophysis. Another smaller, pointed, prominent apophysis is on 
 outer side, and a third, still smaller, underneath. The digital 
 joint is small, .and the palpal organs are prominent and complex, 
 with a small, fine, curved spine at their extremity. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is deep brown, that of the 
 legs and palpi brownish yellow, and the abdomen, which has its 
 upper side covered with a coriaceous, thickly punctured shield, is 
 
168 
 
 of a dark blackish yellow-brown hue. The female is rather 
 larger than the male and resembles it in colours, but is wanting 
 both in the elevation of the caput, and the coriaceous covering of 
 the abdomen. 
 
 Found occasionally in autumn, and spring, among moss and 
 lichens on apple trees at Bloxworth, as well as in Scotland and 
 North Wales. 
 
 In its general form it bears considerable resemblance at first 
 sight to Walckenaera lifrons, Bl., but the present species is smaller 
 and differs in colours. The hind-central pair of eyes also are 
 placed on the fore part of the summit of the elevation of the 
 caput, a long way from the rest, while in Walckenaera lifrons 
 they are seated on the front of it, close above the other eyes. 
 
 WALCKENAERA LUDICRA. 
 
 Walckenaera ltoicea, Camlr., Ann. and Mag. N. H. 1861, 3rd 
 series, Vol. vii., p. 438. 
 f| „ Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 
 316, pi. xxii., fig. 231. 
 
 Length of the male 1-1 8th of an inch. 
 
 This very distinct species cannot be mistaken for any other as 
 yet known in Great Britain, being of an almost uniform pale 
 dull brownish yellow hue. 
 
 The elevation on the caput is strong and high, slightly exceed- 
 ing half the total height of the caput ; it is also strongly inclined 
 backwards; the hinder part is well rounded, the summit also 
 rounded and broader than the base, and the front flattish; the latter 
 slopes in the same line as the clypeus, which is considerably 
 prominent a little way above the lower margin. The colour of 
 the elevation is clouded with brown. The palpus of the male 
 is rather short and slender ; the radial joint is much shorter 
 than the cubital, but broader ; it has a short, pointed apophysis 
 at the fore extremity on the upper side, and both the outer and 
 under side are rather prominent. The digital joint is not large, 
 and the palpal organs are prominent and complex, with a curved 
 
169 
 
 black spine at their extremity. The oyes are in the usual 
 position, and behind each lateral pair is a small longitudinal 
 indentation. 
 
 The female is slightly larger than the male, which it resembles 
 in colour, but wants the elevation on the caput, this part being 
 meroly a little more convex than usual. 
 
 Found, in some seasons, abundantly, during May and June, on 
 furze bushes when in bloom, in sheltered places on heaths border- 
 ing on the woodlands at Bloxworth, and in other similar localities 
 in Dorsetshire as well as in Hampshire. 
 
 WALCKENAERA ALTIFRONS. 
 
 Walokenaera altifrons, Cambr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8593, and 
 Trans. Linn. Soc, pi. xxviii., p. 453, pi, 
 xxxv., No. 33. 
 
 The male measures 1-1 5th of an inch in length. 
 
 The elevation on the caput is high, but (owing to the greater 
 height of the normal portion) not quite equal to half the whole 
 height of the facial space ; it has, when looked at in profile, a some- 
 what sub-conical form, rising from the whole area of the caput ; 
 but, looked at from in front, the summit (on the highest part of 
 which the hind-lateral pair of eyes are seated) is broader than 
 the baso ; behind each lateral pair of eyes is a strong, horizontal 
 indentation, and the frontal slope of both the elevated part and 
 the clypeus forms one pretty even line, broken by a sbght 
 prominence at the fore-central eyes. 
 
 The palpus of the male is moderately long ; the radial is 
 about half the length of the cubital joint, and has its fore 
 extremity on the upper side produced into two apophyses, the 
 inner one of which is much the largest and strongest, and ends 
 in a fine point ; both are directed obliquely outwards. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is blackish-brown ; that of 
 the legs and palpi are orange-yellow, the latter rather the palest; 
 and the abdomen is black. 
 
170 
 
 Found very rarely on underwood at Bloxworth, in June ; and 
 also near Lyndhurst, Hampshire. 
 
 The female is rather larger, but resembles the male, excepting 
 in the absence of the elevation of the caput. 
 
 WALCKENAERA FRONTATA. 
 
 Savignia frontata, Blackw., Lond. and Edin. Phil. Mag., 3rd 
 series, Vol. iii., p. 105. 
 
 Waickenaera peontata, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 317, pi. xxii., fig. 232. 
 
 The length of the male is l-12th of an inch. 
 
 This remarkable species may be easily recognized by the eleva- 
 tion on the caput being placed quite at tho extremity of the fore 
 part, and forming, in fact, a kind of sub-conical continuation of 
 it, directed rather forwards, and surmounted by a tuft of hairs. 
 The cephalo -thorax is of unusual length. Tho eyes of the hind 
 central pair are close together behind the base of the elevation ; 
 the lateral pairs are placed on each side of the fore part of 
 the normal portion of the caput, and the fore centrals are on the 
 front of the summit of the elevation ; these last are exceedingly 
 difficult to be seen, so much so that for many years it was sup- 
 posed by Mr. Blackwall to be a six-eyed spider. 
 
 The palpus of the male has its radial stronger than the cubital 
 joint, and the fore extremity of the upper side of the former is 
 produced into a curved, tapering apophysis, which ends in a sharp 
 point directed outwards over the base of the digital joint. The 
 palpal organs are prominent and complex, but do not present any 
 very conspicuous processes. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is brownish-black, that of 
 the legs and palpi reddish-brown, and the abdomen is glossy 
 and black. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours, but is a little larger, 
 and shows no trace of the peculiar formation of the caput 
 observed in the other sex ; the fore-central eyes are also easily 
 seen, though smaller and darker than the rest. 
 
171 
 
 Not rare, running on iron railings in sunshine, in May and 
 June, at Bloxworth Eectory. I have also received it from 
 various parts of England, Scotland, and North Wales. 
 
 WALCKENAERA ACUMINATA. 
 
 Waiokenaera acuminata, Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 289, pi. xx., fig. 203. 
 
 This fine species is one of the most singular of all yet 
 described, in the form of the fore part of the caput. The fore 
 extremity of this part is elevated into a vertical, slender, stalk- 
 like process, whose height is equal to about two-thirds of the 
 total length of the cephalo-thorax. This curious eminence is a 
 little bent forwards towards the extremity. Two pairs of largish 
 eyes are placed, one pair on each side of a slight enlargement near 
 the middle ; the rost of the eyes are on andnoar the summit, which 
 is enlarged, of a somewhat rounded form, and furnished with a 
 few short strong hairs ; the summit is divided by a transverse 
 furrow, into two segmonts, an upper and a lowor one, the latter 
 being tho smaller of the two. 
 
 The radial joint of the male palpus is much shorter and 
 stronger than the cubital (which is rather long and slightly 
 clavate), and has its fore extremity produced into three 
 apophyses ; one on the inner side (the longest of the three) is 
 curvod, with its point directed outwards, and a process near its 
 base on the outer side ; while the outer one is shorter, stronger, 
 and obtuse. The digital joint is large, and the palpal organs 
 are prominent and complex, with a strong, circularly curved 
 spine, towards their extremity on the outer side. 
 
 The colour of tho cephalo-thorax is dark, reddish-brown, that 
 of the legs and palpi roddish-yollow, and the abdomen black. 
 
 The female is larger than the male, but resembles it in oolours. 
 The fore part of the caput is elevated moderately, in a simple 
 acute-conical form, with the eyes closely grouped together on 
 and about its summit. 
 
 This remarkable spider is of rare occurrence, among dead 
 
172 
 
 leaves in -woods, and among moss and heather at Bloxworth ( 
 and Warm well. I have also received it from Mr. 0. "W. Dale, 
 of Glanvilles Wootton ; and it occurs more abundantly under 
 stones, among moss and short herbage in woods and on wastes 
 in the North, and other parts, of England, as well as in Scotland, 
 and Wales. 
 
 GENUS PACHYGNATHA, Smd. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax large and of almost equal convexity throughout. 
 
 Eyes in two nearly straight transverse rows, forming a central 
 group of four in a small square, with a lateral pair placed 
 slightly obliquely at some distance on each side. 
 
 Fakes long, vory powerful, and divergent. 
 
 Maxillae long, rather broadest, and obliquely truncated on the 
 outer side, at their extremities, and inclined towards the labium. 
 
 Labium large, of a sub-triangular form, with the apex some- 
 times rounded. 
 
 Legs rather long, slender, and entirely devoid of spines. Their 
 relative length is 1.2.4.3. 
 
 Palpi of the males have the palpal organs of a peculiar and 
 very uniformly similar structure, consisting of a large, more or 
 loss globular, corneous lobe with a diversely formed process 
 issuing from its fore part. In this, as well as in the narrow, 
 irregular form of the digital joint, there is a marked similarity 
 to spiders of the Epeirid genus Tetragnatha, Linn. 
 
 This is a small group of brightly-coloured, and prettily marked 
 spiders, some of them ornamented with silvery hues. 
 
 Their snare and mode of life are like those of Theridion. 
 They may be easily distinguished from Neriene and Walchena'era 
 by their gayer colouring ; from Theridion by the second pair of 
 legs being longer than the fourth ; and from the numerous species 
 of Linyphia by the absence of spines on the legs ; while their 
 form of snare separates them at once from the Family Epeirides, 
 to which last, however, they bear several strong structural 
 marks of affinity. 
 
m 
 
 Three species only are as yet known to Britain, and all three 
 are found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 PACHYGNATHA CLERCKII. 
 
 Pachyqnatha Clerokii, Sund., Vet. Akad. Handl. 1829, p. 208, 
 and 1832, p. 258. 
 
 ,, ,, Blachv., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 
 318, pi. xxii., fig. 233. 
 
 The length of the male is 2£ lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a pale yellowish, red-brown colour, 
 divided longitudinally by a central, and two lateral black stripes ; 
 and the oblique indentations between the caput and thorax are 
 also marked by a black line. The fakes are of great strength, 
 long, widely divergent, and armed with strong teeth on their 
 inner sides ; the fang is long, and has a kind of tooth at the 
 middle of its inner side, the outer side at that part being 
 indented. The legs and palpi are of a pale yellowish hue 
 slightly tinged with brown. The abdomen is brownish-black on 
 the upper side, with a broad, pale, yellowish band down the 
 centre, tapering to a point above the spinners, this band has a 
 longitudinal, central, black line, broken into by several, somewhat 
 angular, small spots or markings ; there is also a lateral band, of 
 the same colour as the central one, on each side. The under 
 side is yellowish-brown, with a broad, central, longitudinal, 
 bi-ownish band. 
 
 The palpi of the male are long, and the radial is larger than 
 the cubital joint ; the digital joint is of a somewhat bifid form, 
 one branch being much larger and stronger than the other. 
 The palpal organs consist of a largo globular bulb, with a pointed 
 and somowhat twisted process in front. 
 
 The female is larger than the male and loss vividly and dis- 
 tinctly marked, but in other respects very nearly resembles it, 
 except in the less development of the falces. 
 
 Found, but not abundantly, under stones and among moss and 
 rubbish in woods and damp places at Bloxworth and other 
 
174 
 
 localities in Dorsetshire. It seems to be also generally distri- 
 buted in England, North Wales, and Scotland. 
 
 PACHYGNATHA LISTEEI. 
 
 Pachygnatha listebi, Stcnd., Yet. Akad, Handl., 1829, p. 210. 
 „ „ Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. p. 
 
 320, pi. xxii., fig. 234. 
 
 This spider bears a strong general r3semblance to Pachygnatha 
 Clerckii in its form and structure, but is much more brightly 
 coloured, and also smaller. The adult male measures about 
 1 -7th of an inch in length. The cephalo -thorax is bright red 
 brown with a longitudinal, central black band, and a very broken, 
 black, submarginal bar on each side. The legs and palpi are 
 yellowish ; and the abdomen has, on the upper side, a very bi oad, 
 dark red-brown, central, longitudinal band, marked with some 
 black markings, as well as some ill-defined white angular mark- 
 ings, along the middle ; and on each side of the abdomen is a 
 broad, irregular, yellowish band whose inner margin is nearly 
 White. The palpi of the male are very like those Pachygnatha 
 Clerckii. 
 
 The female is iarger than the male, of a lighter hue, but is, 
 if anything, more distinct in the markings on tho upper side of 
 the abdomen. 
 
 Occasionally abundant, towards the end of the summer, among 
 underwood at Bloxworth and in the neighbourhood. Mr. C. W. 
 Dale has met with it at Glanville's "Wootton ; it occurs also in 
 other parts of England, and in North "Wales. 
 
 PACHYGNATHA DEGEERII. 
 
 Pachynatha Degeerii, Sund., Vet. Akad. Handl., 1829, p. 211, 
 and 1832 p. 259. 
 „ „ Blachw, Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 321, 
 
 pi. xxii., fig. 235. 
 This pretty species may be at once distinguished from the two 
 
175 
 
 foregoing by its much, smaller size, and generally darker hue. 
 The length of male is about l-8th of an inch, or rather less. 
 The cephalo-thorax is deep black-brown, and the legs are pale 
 yellowish brown. The abdomen has its upper side almost 
 entirely occupied by a very broad, deep blackish, longitudinal 
 band dentated or sinuous on its outer margins, and with a series 
 of silvery-white, somewhat angular bars along the middle, form- 
 ing at times a somewhat broken stripe ; the sides are also occupied 
 by a white band of silvery lustre. These white parts are, in 
 some examples, of a golden hue ; and in others the sides are tinged 
 with red. 
 
 The palpi, as well as the falces, are exceedingly similar in 
 form and structure to those of the two preceding species. 
 
 The female is larger than the male, and, in general, rather less 
 dark coloured and not so distinctly marked. 
 
 An abundant spider, during the greater part of the year, among 
 grass in fields, and in many other situations, as well as on plants 
 and bushes, particularly furze bushes when in bloom. 
 
 GENUS TAPINOPA, Westr. LINYPHIA, Bh, in part. 
 
 This genus has been formed by Westring for a single remark^ 
 able spider, included by Wider and Blackwall in the genus 
 Linyphia. The cephalo-thorax rises considerably before, but this 
 is caused by a sort of thrusting up by the largo and powerful 
 falces, not by the really greater height of the caput. The 
 occiput however is a little gibbous. 
 
 The eyes form a broadish tran jverse-oval figure close to the 
 insertion of the falces. Those of the foit'- central pair being the 
 largest, and not nearly contiguous to each other. 
 
 The legs are rather long, not very strong, and are furnished 
 with hairs and a few erect bristles only. Their relative length 
 is 1.4.2.3. Those of the first pair being distinctly the longest. 
 
 The Maxilla are long, strong, straight, of a somewhat broad- 
 oblong form, rather rounded at their extremities ; and the Labium 
 ia semicircular. 
 
m 
 
 The fakes are long, powerful, perpendicular, and divergent at 
 their extremities, with, some long strong teeth in two rows on their 
 inner surface. The fang is long and a little bent at its point. 
 
 Three species are described as British, one only having as 
 yet been found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 TAPINOPA LONGIDENS. 
 
 Linyphia lonoidens, Wider., Zool. Misc. Mus. Senck, Bd. i. p. 
 270. Taf. 18. fig. 5. 
 ,, ,, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. p. 227, 
 
 pi. xvi. fig 150. 
 
 The length of the male is l-7th of inch. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a reddish yellow-brown colour, with 
 a brownish-black band along each side, and the upper 
 part of the caput is ornamented with numerous long black 
 bristles, directed forwards. The legs are of a paler, clearer 
 yellowish hue, hairy, and with a few erect bristles, but no spines. 
 The abdomen is of short-oval form, and considerably convex above; 
 it is of a dull brownish-yellow colour, more or less thickly mottled 
 with small white cretaceous looking spots, and marked on the 
 upper side with two longitudinal rows of large blackish spots 
 or blotches, the rows converging towards the spinners ; and on 
 each side is a longitudinal, bent, blackish-brown bar, which joins 
 in, at the hinder extremity, with one of the posterior blotches. 
 
 The palpi of the male have the radial and cubital joints both 
 short, and the latter has a long prominent bristle at its fore 
 extremity. The digital joint is large and is considerably produced 
 at its base, the production being curved, with its extremity 
 directed outwards, and notched or bifid. 
 
 The palpal organs are prominent and complex. 
 
 The female is larger than the male, but resembles it in colours 
 and markings ; and connected with the genital aperture there is 
 a prominent, conspicuous, curved process of very large size, with 
 its extremity somewhat coiled or re-curved. 
 
177 
 
 Found, but rarely, among heather and under old turves, on 
 Bloxworth Heath in spring and early autumn. It is also 
 found in other parts of England, as well as in Scotland and 
 Wales. 
 
 GENUS LINYPHIA, Latr. LINYPHIA, Blachw., in part., 
 + NEEIENE, Blachw., in part., + 
 THEBIDION, Blachw., in part, + 
 BATHYPHANTES, Menge, in part, and 
 BOLYPHANTES, Menge. 
 
 The genus Linyphia comprises a large assemblage of small, 
 and moderate sized spiders, most of which have the abdomen 
 very convex above (except in some males) and generally orna- 
 mented with a distinctive pattern ; but the colours are usually of 
 a sober kind, confined commonly to white, black, and brown of 
 various shades, with different tints of a yellowish hue ; a few 
 species have some richer colouring as Linyphia peltata, Wid., 
 L. hortensis, Sund., L. marginata, C. L. Koch, L. triangularis, 
 Clerck., and L. clathrata, Sund. In general the caput is not 
 specially raised above the thoracic level, though in the males 
 of some species it rises gradually from it, and projects consider- 
 ably forwards ; and in one, Linyphia alticeps, Sund., it is drawn 
 out into a conical point between the eyes. 
 
 The maxillm are usually straight ; tolerably long and strong ; 
 and either parallel to each other, or a little inclined to the labium, 
 which is semicircular or subtriangular. 
 
 The eyes are of moderate size, placed in two transverse rows, or 
 three groups, generally well removed from the base of the 
 f alces. A central group of four, forms nearly a square with a pair, 
 the eyes of which are placed obliquely, and close to each other, 
 on either side. 
 
 The legs are long, slender, armed with distinct spines of 
 varied length and strength in different species ; their relative 
 length is 1.2.4.3. or 1.4.2.3. 
 
178 
 
 The snares of Linyphia consist of a horizontal sheet of web 
 suspended from various points on the upper side, by vertical lines 
 to the different surrounding objects, as the leaves of trees and 
 shrubs or stems of plants, and similarly braced down to other 
 objects underneath. The spider usually lies in wait in an 
 inverted position beneath the horizontal sheet. Numerous lines 
 are spun in all directions above, which serve to entangle flies 
 and other insects, and these, falling down in their efforts to get 
 free, are caught by the horizontal sheet and quickly captured. 
 
 The various species of Linyphia are found on trees, bushes, 
 shrubs, and herbage, as well as in caverns, crevices, and holes 
 of rocks and walls ; also in unused rooms and old buildings, and 
 under stones. Among them are some of our commonest spiders. 
 The beautiful objects so conspicuous on heather, and furze bushea, 
 when covered with dewdrops, on a bright, fresh, early autumnal 
 morning, are mainly the webs of Linyphia montana, Clerck. 
 at times the bushes appear to be covered with them as 
 if by magic, scarcely one perhaps having been visible on the 
 previous afternoon ; and without doubt almost all have been the 
 product of the previous night's labours. 
 
 In distinguishing spiders of this genus from those of other 
 genera of the same family ( Theridiides ) there will be little 
 difficulty (excepting in one or two groups closely allied to 
 Neriene) if the spines on the legs be looked for. "Wherever dis- 
 tinct spines are found, there, as a rule (more especially if the 
 legs of the second pair are longer than those of the fourth), we 
 may conclude that we have a Linyphia, and not a Theridion, or 
 one of any of its allied genera, nor yet a Neriene, Walchnaera, 
 Tapinopa, or Pachygnatha. 
 
 Sixty-eight species of Linyphia have been found in Britain ; 
 and of these forty-three have occurred in Dorsetshire. 
 
 It is probable that on a revision of this genus (which is much 
 needed) several good genera will be established, including per- 
 haps those, of Herr Menge, mentioned in the synonyms above 
 given. 
 
179 
 LINYPHIA FRENATA. 
 
 Likyphta fkenata, Wider., Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. 
 p. 228, pi. xvi., fig. 151. 
 
 Tlie male measures l-8th of an inch in length. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a pale, dull, yellowish hue, with a 
 longitudinal black band on each side, near the lateral margin. 
 The caput is rather elevated and prominent, the summit being 
 rounded and clothed with numerous curved, bristly, black hairs, 
 directed forwards. The legs are long, slender, hairy, armed 
 with erect spines, and of a yellowish-brown colour, with several 
 dull, dark-coloured annuli. The abdomen is exceedingly convex 
 above and projects greatly over the cephalo-thorax ; its colour is 
 a pale, reddish-brown, pretty thickly mottled above with white 
 cretaceous looking spots, and along the middle of the hinder 
 half is a series of several angular black lines, the first two or 
 three broken and widely divided at the vertices, being in fact 
 only elongated spots. The sides are marked with some irregular 
 black streaks. 
 
 The palpi of the male are like the legs in colour ; the radial 
 joint is stronger than the cubital, but both are short, and have 
 some prominent bristles in front ; the digital joint is of a some* 
 what irregular form, and the palpal organs are prominent, com- 
 plex, and turned outwards. The fakes are long, and divergent 
 at their extremity. 
 
 The female is larger than the male, resembling it in colours 
 
 and markings, but wanting the prominent development of the 
 
 fore part of the caput, and her legs are shorter. 
 
 A rare spider among herbage and heather on the sides of 
 
 earthy ridges and banks in autumn at Bloxworth. Mr. Dale has 
 
 met with it at Glanvillos Wootton; and it has also been found in 
 
 Yorkshire. 
 
180 
 LINYPHIA THORACICA. 
 
 Linyphia thoraoica, Wid., Zool. Misc. Arachn., p. 254 (261), 
 pi. xvii., fig. 10. 
 
 „ oaxjta, Blackw., Sjiid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 220, 
 pi. xv., fig. 145. 
 Length of the male about 2 to 2 J lines. 
 
 The caput (of the male) is rather elevated and prominent, the 
 clypeus projects forwards below, and the ocular area has a few 
 prominent bristly hairs. The cephalo-thorax is of a brownish 
 yellow colour strongly suffused with reddish-brown on the fore 
 part ; the hinder extremity of the caput is blackish and sends 
 backwards a longitudinal medial black bar, and the lateral margins 
 of the thorax are broadly black. The legs are long and slender ; the 
 spines tolerably numerous, and some of them rather long, but easily 
 broken off. The colour of the legs is yellowish, annulated more 
 or less distinctly with blackish-brown ; relative length 1.2.4.3. 
 
 The palpi of the male are short and slender, except the digital 
 joint which is large and of irregular form. The cubital joint 
 has a long strong bristle projecting from the fore part of its 
 anterior extremity, and the radial (which is greatly produced at 
 its fore extremity) has one on its outer side. The palpal organs 
 are complex, and enormously developed ; and the spider may be dis- 
 tinguished at a glance from all its allies by a double-coiled, 
 slender, filiform, black spine, which surrounds the palpal organs 
 with its large and conspicuous orbit. 
 The abdomen is of a dull brownish-yellow hue, thinly mottled 
 'with white spots, and with a very distinctive pattern on the 
 upper side formed by black spots and lines ; the latter, on the 
 hinder half, form a longitudinal series of obtuse-angled, 
 diminishing triangles with the apices (which are sometimes 
 defective) directed forwards, and looking liko greatly dilated 
 arrow-heads ; the sides are also marked with two or three short, 
 oblique, connected black lines or stripes. On the under side are 
 several rather conspicuous white spots, in a small group, just in 
 front of the sj>inners. 
 
181 
 
 The female is larger than the male, but resembles it in mark- 
 ings and colours, the latter, however, being lighter and less 
 distinct. 
 
 This is not an uncommon spider on the trunks of ivy-covered 
 trees, as well as in old wood-stacks and outhouses, at Bloxworth, 
 and in many other localities in Dorset. It is also found in other 
 parts of England, Ireland, Scotland, and "Wales. 
 
 LINYPHIA LEPROSA. 
 
 Linyphia leprosa, Ohlert, Die. Aran. d. Prov. Preuss., p. 47. 
 ,, 00NFU3A, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 427, pi. 
 55, No. 21, a.b.c.d.e.f.g. 
 
 The adult male measures about l-7th of an inch in length. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a dark brownish colour, tinged with 
 yellow ; the legs are slender, armed with numerous long and 
 conspicuous spines, of a brownish-yellow hue tinged with red- 
 brown, and occasionally faintly annulated with blackish-brown. 
 The abdomen of the female is particularly convex above, and pro- 
 jects over the base of the cephalo-thorax, that of the male is 
 slenderer ; it is of a dull, shining, pale yellowish-brown colour on 
 the upper side, freckled with small whitish spots ; and along the 
 middle is a series of angular blackish lines, whose ends, in the 
 female, often form a spot or blotch. These angular lines are 
 strongest in the male, and the paler intervals then form a series 
 of curved or sbghtly angular lines. The sides are brown-black, 
 and are marked with a longitudinal curved yellowish-white 
 line, sometimes broken off in the middle, the hinder part passing 
 over the abdomen, some little distance above the spinners, and 
 meeting the corresponding lateral line on the opposite side ; the 
 under side is also brownish-black. 
 
 The palpi are short and slender ; the cubital joint has a long, 
 slightly bent, tapering, finely pointed, prominent bristle at the 
 fore extremity on the upper side. This joint, as well as the 
 radial, is very short, but the latter is the stronger. The digital 
 joint ia rather large, and has a strongish conical prominence at 
 
182 
 
 its base on the inner side, and another, much smaller, one on 
 the outer side ; the palpal organs are greatly developed and 
 complex, with various curiously-shaped prominent corneous 
 processes. 
 
 The female is larger than the male, and is remarkable for the 
 large size and form of the process connected with the gonital aper- 
 ture. This process is a notable feature in the- female structure 
 of many spiders, but especially in that of fomales of the genus 
 Linyphia, and affords excellent characters for the distinction of 
 the species. 
 
 Linyphia leprosa is one of our most abundant spiders, being 
 found plentifully nearly all the year round at Bloxworth, and in 
 other localities, in outbuildings of all kinds, lofts, faggot ricks, 
 wood stacks, holes and crevices in walls and trees, especially 
 where the latter are thickly overgrown with ivy. It appears 
 to be equally common throughout the south of England, and 
 is also found in Scotland. Different individuals (of both sexes) 
 often vary considerably in size, some being both larger and 
 smaller than the dimensions from above. 
 
 LINYPHIA ZEBRINA. 
 
 Bathtphantes zebhinus, Menge, Preuss. Spinn. I., p. 113, pi. 20, 
 Tab. 39. 
 
 The length of the male is l-9th of an inch, and the female is 
 rather larger. 
 
 This spider is closely allied to Linyphia leprosa Ohl., and 
 resembles it very nearly both in colours and markings. It is, how- 
 ever, generally rathor smallor ; though as Linyphia leprosa varies 
 considerably in size, probably the present species would be found 
 to vary also if a number of examples were compared together. 
 Among other distinguishing characters the following appear to 
 be the chief, and aro amply sufficient for the easy determination 
 of the species. The legs, which are occasionally annulated in 
 Linyphia leprosa, have no trace of annulation in any one of about 
 twenty examples examined. The palpi (of the male), on the cubital 
 
188 
 
 joint of which, in Linyphia leprosa, is a long, tapering, slightly 
 sinuous, prominent bristle, has only a short, very slender, and 
 inconspicuous one. The radial joint is rather more produced on 
 the upper side. The digital joint is smaller, and has no pointed 
 prominence at its base, where thore is a very marked and charac- 
 teristic one in Linyphia leprosa. The palpal organs are of quite 
 a different structure, far less prominent, less complex, and with 
 loss strong processes. 
 
 The eyes are rather large, seated on black spots, and more 
 closely grouped together than in L. hprosa. The posterior row is 
 straight, and the interval between the eyes of the hind-central 
 pair is greater than that between each and the lateral eye next 
 to it. 
 
 With respect to the markings on the abdomen, these are 
 exceedingly similar in the two species ; there are, however, in 
 the present spider scarcoly any white spots on tho dull yellowish- 
 brown ground colour ; and the dark-brown, transverse, angular 
 bars are usually more distinct and perfect, and uniform in size 
 throughout, i.e., their extremities do not terminate (as frequently 
 do those of Linyphia leprosa) in a diffused patch or blotch. The 
 process connected with the genital aperture of the female is 
 smaller and much less prominent. 
 
 Examples of both sexes of this spider have been in my 
 possession for several years past ; some of them were found in 
 woods and shrubberies at Bloxworth ; others were received from 
 the North of England and from Scotland, and were seon at once 
 to be, though remarkably similar in many respects to Linyphia 
 leprosa, yet different in several points. Theso examples were 
 however, shortly afterwards mislaid, and it is only very lately 
 that they have come to light, and are now for the first time 
 recorded as British. 
 
 It is probable that Linyphia telrina is a tolerably abundant 
 spider in this neighbourhood. At the beginning of February in 
 the present year I found three examplos of it, dead, inside an 
 empty bottle, which had been thrown into the shrubbery ; these 
 
184 
 
 spiders (with several others of different species) had crawled 
 into the open mouth of the bottle, evidently thinking to find a 
 safe place of shelter, hut, on the contrary, it proved a prison, 
 from which there was scarcely a chance of escape, owing to the 
 form of the neck and shoulders of the bottle. 
 
 LIOTPIIIA MINUTA. 
 
 Linyphia mintjta, JSlackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 218, 
 pi. xv., fig. 144. 
 
 This spider so nearly resembles Linyphia leprosa Ohl. in size, 
 colours and markings, that any detailed description of it is quite 
 unnecessary. It will therefore suffice to note one or two differing 
 characters by which the present spider may be readily dis- 
 tinguished from Linyphia leprosa, and which will also distinguish 
 it from Linyphia ssebrina, Menge . 
 
 In the present species the occasional faint annulation of 
 the legs of Linyphia leprosa is replaced by constant and very 
 distinct annuli. This difference applies to both sexes. In the 
 male the tapering pointed bent bristle at the fore extremity of 
 the upper side of the cubital joint is represented by a strong 
 spine-like bristle issuing from a minute tuberclo, slightly sinuous, 
 of equal size throughout, and obtuse at its end, or, rather, ter- 
 minating suddenly in a point. 
 
 The female is more difficult to distinguish, excepting by the 
 distinct annulation of the legs. The process, however, connected 
 with the genital aperture differs a little in its structure. 
 
 This spider is a rare one at Bloxworth, though met with in 
 situations similar to those in which Linyphia leprosa is found, and 
 I have not yet met with it olsewhero in Dorsetshire. 
 
 In the north of England the prosent is a common spider, while 
 L. leprosa is a much scarcer one. It is also found in Scotland 
 and Wales. 
 
185 
 LINYPHIA TENEBEICOLA. 
 
 Linyphia tenebrioola, Wider., Zool. Misc. Mus. Senck., p. 260 
 (266), pi. xviii., fig. 2. 
 
 ,, tenuis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 230, 
 pi. xvi., fig. 152. 
 
 ,, terricola, Blaclcw., 1.0., p. 231, pi. xvi., fig. 153. 
 
 A very variable spider both in size as well as in depth and dis- 
 tinctness of markings. The male measures from l-10th to l-12th 
 of an inch in length. It is of very slender form. The cephalo- 
 thorax is of a more or less dark yellowish-brown colour ; the 
 legs and palpi are yellow tinged with brown ; tho latter however 
 have the radial and digital joints (with the palpal organs) of ablack- 
 brown colour. The spines on the legs are nearly erect and toler- 
 ably conspicuous. The abdomen is of a dull yellow-brown colour 
 above, more or less distinctly mottled with small white spots, and 
 with a longitudinal central series of angular black lines whose 
 ends generally form roundish blotches ; the sides and underside 
 are black, and the former have each a horizontal, curved, whitish- 
 yellow line meeting each other just above the spinners; this line is 
 frequently interrupted in the middle, and often represented by 
 two mere spots or blotches. The cubital and radial joints of the 
 palpi are short, the latter the strongest, and furnished with a thin 
 tuft of prominent bristly hairs on the foreside, the extremity of 
 which is rather prominent. The digital joint and palpal organs 
 form a roundish mass of moderate size ; the latter are prominent 
 and complex. 
 
 The varieties of this little spider are very numerous ; some 
 males have the abdomen almost black, excepting a marginal 
 whitish line round the fore part, and a lateral longitudinal yellowish- 
 white line ; in others the white specklingpredominatesinbothsexesj 
 and the black angular lines on the upper side, terminating on 
 each side in black blotches, are very conspicuous ; in others 
 again the lateral white line is broken off in the middle, and in 
 Borne (as above remarked) it consists of merely two elongate spots. 
 
186 
 
 The darker specimens constitute Linyphia tenuis, Blackw., the 
 paler ones Linyphia terricola, Blackw. The female resembles 
 the male in colours and markings, hut the abdomen is 
 very convex above, and projects over the base of the cephalo- 
 thorax, and is usually more distinctly marked than that of the 
 male. 
 
 Excepting in being very much smaller and brighter coloured 
 Linyphia tenelricola bears a very near general resemblance to 
 Linyphia leprosa, Ohl. ; while, however, the latter spider is seldom 
 found excepting in old buildings, wood stacks, crevices, under 
 blocks of stone, and other similar places of shelter, Linyphia 
 tenelricola is never found in such situations, but is one 
 of our commonest spiders among grass and otter herbage in 
 most localities in England. It is also met with in Ireland, 
 Scotland, and "Wales. The immature examples are fre- 
 quent aeronauts, and sometimes the adult males also, doubtless 
 contributing considerably to the gossamer lines seen on fine 
 days in spring and autumn. The adult males may also often be 
 found during the whole of the summer, running actively on 
 the surface of the bare ground, as well as on iron railings, 
 palings, and many other objects, by which they are arrested in 
 their aerial excursions. 
 
 LINYPHIA FREDERICI, ep. n. 
 
 Adult male, length scarcely more than 2-3rds of a line. 
 
 The cephalo -thorax is yellow-brown with a distinct broadish 
 black marginal line, and some irregular, converging lines on the 
 sides of a more dusky hue ; the occiput also has a somewhat 
 hexagonal, central, dusky patch emitting a fine black line from 
 the middle of both its anterior and posterior extremities, and 
 from each eye of the hind-central pair a short blackish streak runs 
 backwards. The thoracic region is rather gibbous, and although 
 (when looked at in profile) its summit is not much raised above 
 that of the ocular area, there is a considerable depression between 
 those two points. 
 
187 
 
 The eyes are of moderate size, and occupy the whole width of 
 the fore part of the caput. The interval between those of the 
 hind-central pair is scarcely an eye's diameter, while that which 
 separates each of them from the lateral eye next to it is less ; 
 those of the fore-central pair are nearly, if not quite, contiguous to 
 each other. The ocular area is but slightly prominent ; and the 
 height of the clypeus is considerably less than half that of the 
 facial space. 
 
 The legs are tolerably long, slender, 1.4.2.3, and of a pale 
 yellow-brown colour. They are furnished with hairs, and have 
 a long slender spine on each of che genual joints, with two 
 others in a longitudinal line on the upper side of each of the 
 tibiso. 
 
 The palpi are short, and similar to the legs in colour. The radial 
 is stronger than the cubital joint, and is a little spreading at its 
 extremity. The cubital has a short fine bristle directed forwards 
 from its fore part. The digital joint is small with a lobe on its 
 outer side. The palpal organs are rather complex, and have a 
 strongish, and rather long, curved process projecting down- 
 wards near their outer side. 
 
 The falces are moderately long, rather weak, straight, and a 
 little directed backwards. Their colour is like that of the 
 cephalo-thorax. 
 
 The sternum is of a short heart-shape, considerably convex, and 
 of a dark blackish-brown hue. 
 
 The abdomen is small and oviform ; its colour is black, freckled 
 with minute yellow-brown points, probably not discernible 
 excopt when in spirit of wine. The hinder part, on the upper 
 side, shews a series of some rather conspicuous transverse folds 
 in the integument. Two others, corresponding to tho ordinary 
 transverse curved or angular lines, even more conspicuous, are 
 also visible underneath, a little way from the spinners. The 
 significance of these folds has been before remarked upon. 
 
 A single example of this spider was found among dead leaves 
 at Warmwell, near Dorchester, in the spring of 1875, by my 
 nephew, Frederick 0. P. Cambridge. 
 
188 
 LINYPHIA OBSCUEA, 
 
 Linyphia obscura, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 244, pi. 
 xvii., fig. 162. 
 
 Length of the adult male 1-1 2th of an inch). 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to the Linyphia tenelricola, "Wid., 
 which it also resembles in the general pattern on the abdomen ; 
 it may, however, be easily distinguished if the following differences 
 be carefully noted. The cephalo-thorax is much darker, being of 
 a dark brown hue. The cubital joint of the male palpus has a 
 much longer, and stronger prominent bristle on its anterior 
 side. The digital joint has a conspicuous and prominent, sharply 
 conical, slightly curved, horn-like spur at its base ; and the palpal 
 organs are more prominent, comprising several conspicuous 
 and projecting processes. The legs also are of a brighter colour, 
 being yellow, tinged with orange-red, and the spines are 
 stronger and more erect. The abdomen of the male is often of 
 an almost uniform dark blackish hue, with scarcely any pattern 
 visible; these examples are probably those which have been 
 6ome little time adult; younger ones have the centrallongitudinal 
 series of angular black lines preceded by a somewhat cruciform, 
 black marking formed by the coalition of a short longitudinal bar 
 with a transverse angular one. The lateral, whitish, horizontal, 
 line is stronger than that in Linyphia tenelricola, and is lower 
 down on the side, leaving above it, towards the fore extremity, a 
 large, somewhat quadrate, oblong black patch. This (especially 
 in females) is a very conspicuous and striking character. 
 
 The whole spidor is of a less slender build than Linyphia 
 tenelricola ; and the female resembles the male, but is larger and 
 has a less frequent tendency to obscuration of the abdominal 
 markings. 
 
 This is a rare spider on low plants and underwood at Blox- 
 worth, but is more frequent in Scotland. I have also received 
 
189 
 
 it from near Gloucester ; and it has boon met with in North 
 Wales. 
 
 LINYPHIA VARIEGATA. 
 
 Nemene varieoata, Blacho., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 282, 
 pi. xix., fig. 195. 
 
 The male measures from l-12th to l-13thof an inch in length. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is yellow, with a slender marginal black 
 line, and a central longitudinal, rather variable, black stripe, 
 which widens from the thorax to a little behind tho eyes, where 
 it terminates ; and occasionally there are somo short, lateral, con- 
 verging, blackish lines in the thoracic region. The legs are 
 yellow, annulated with black, and the abdomen is yellowish, with 
 a few small white spots above and on the sides. On the fore 
 part of the upper side is a conspicuous black marking, sometimes 
 rather cruciform, sometimes arrow-headed, followed by a row 
 of black spots on each side of tho medial lino, terminating with 
 two or three curved, or subangular, black lines above the spinners. 
 The black spots on either side are also occasionally united in 
 pairs by slender angular lines ; but those are usually obsolete. 
 The sides are markod and streaked with black. 
 
 The spines on the legs are distinct, though not very strong. 
 At the fore extremity of the upper side of the cubital joint of 
 the male palpus is a very long, projecting, somewhat spine-like 
 black bristle. The digital joint is rather large, and has a large 
 lobe on its outor side, and a prominent, but not very large, pro- 
 cess at its base. The palpal organs are prominent and complex. 
 The female is rather larger, but resembles the male in colour and 
 markings. 
 
 This pretty little spider is rather rare in spring, late summer, 
 and autumn, among long grass and herbage on waste lands, and 
 in sandy-heath situations at Bloxworth. It is very abundant 
 near Southport, in Lancashire ; and, has been met with in York- 
 shire, North Wales, and Scotland. 
 
190 
 
 LINYPHIA ALACBIS. 
 
 Linyphia alaoris, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 235, 
 pi. xvii., fig. 157. 
 
 The male measures 1-lltli of an inch in length. 
 
 This spider is nearly alliodto Linyphia tenebricola, "Wid., hut is 
 larger and differs in the pattern on the abdomen, as well as in 
 the structure of tho palpal organs ; the palpi being also much 
 larger. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is brownish-yellow, with dusky margins. 
 The legs aro long, slender, yellow, and conspicuously spinous. 
 The palpi aro also long, slender, and similar to the legs in 
 colour. The radial and cubital joints are short ; the former is 
 the stronger, and from its base in front issues a long, tapering, 
 prominent bristle, while a similar, but longer one projects from 
 the fore extremity in front of the other. The palpal organs are 
 complex and prominent, the digital joint being of rathor an 
 irregular form. The abdomen is yellowish-brown, specklod with 
 white spots, and along the middle of tho upper side is a series of 
 angular black bars, whose fine extremities frequently reach the 
 sides, which are black ; each side being marked with a longi- 
 tudinal, curved, whitish-yellow line ; the two lines uniting above 
 the spinners. The two foremost of the central angular bars are 
 much stronger than the rest, and sometimes form triangles run- 
 ning into each other; and in other examples, when the 
 extremities of the angular lines are shortoned, a narrow longi- 
 tudinal dentated band, followed by two or three angular lines, 
 is all the pattern that remains. The under side is black-brown. 
 
 The processos of tho palpal organs of tho male are more 
 prominont and conspicuous than those of Linyphia tenebricola. 
 The female is larger than tho malo, and generally has the pattern 
 on the abdomen more perfect and distinct than that of tho male; 
 and the genital process is prominent and conspicuous. 
 
 Linyphia alacris is a rather rare spider among moss, low plants, 
 and herbage in open places in woods, at Bloxworth, in May and 
 
191 
 
 June ; but appears to be frequent in many other localities, both 
 in England and Scotland. 
 
 LINYPHIA CIRCUMCINCTA. 
 Linyphia ciroumcinota, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 423. 
 
 Length of the adult female, 2 lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is pale dull yellowish, with a longitudinal 
 central black line, bifid at its fore extremity, and some con- 
 vergent dusky lines on the sides. The eyes are on black, slightly 
 tuberculato spots. The legs are of a clearer yellow than the 
 cophalo-thorax, and the spines are rather short and not very 
 strong. Their relative length is 1.4.2.3. The abdomen is very 
 convex above, especially at the fore part, which projects con- 
 siderably over the base of the cephalo-thorax. The upper side 
 is white, with a central, longitudinal, brown band, tapering to a 
 mere line on the hinder part. On each side of this band and parallel 
 to it, is a row of brown spots, varying in size and distinctness in 
 different examples. These spots are generally united in pairs, by 
 very fine dark, angular lines, whose apices join in with the 
 central band. The sides are dark-brown, marked with a con- 
 spicuous, horizontal, straight, white band, which runs round 
 above the spinners without interruption, and thus divides the 
 abdomen into two parts, an upper and a lower one. The under side 
 is also dark brown, marked with white spots and curved lines, 
 the spinners being engirt with a zone of seven or eight well- 
 defined, white spots, forming a horse-shoe, whose open side is in 
 front. 
 
 A few examples of this spider were found among coarse grass 
 and sedge, in a swamp, at Bloxworth, in May, 1863, but I have 
 never met with it since. 
 
 LINYPHIA SETOSA. 
 
 Linyphia setosa, Cambr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8578. 
 
 The adult male of this very distinct and rare spider measures 
 l-10th of an inch in length. 
 
192 
 
 The caput is rather raised and prominent before, and has, at 
 its summit, a tuft of curved, strong, bristly hairs, directed 
 forwards. The colour of the cephalo-thorax is brownish-yellow, 
 rather clouded with brown towards the margins ; the ocular area 
 is black. The clypeus is high, and prominent just above the falces. 
 The legs are long, rather slender, of a brownish-yellow colour, 
 and the spines are moderately long and strong; the relative 
 length is 1.2.4.3. The palpi are short, slender, and similar to the 
 legs in colour. The cubital and radial joints are short; the 
 latter is the strongest, and has a tuft of strongish, bristly hairs in 
 front, the former has a very long, tapering bristle, directed 
 forwards from its fore extremity. The digital joint is of an 
 irregular form, with a prominent lobe on the outer side, and a 
 short, curved, conical prominence at its base on the inner side. 
 The palpal organs are exceedingly prominent and complex. A 
 dark red-brown, curved process projects from their base over the 
 base of the digital joint, and was mistaken, at first, for a 
 prominence, issuing from that joint. There are other conspicuous 
 spines and processes, the most conspicuous being a large one 
 projecting outwards from near the extremity of the palpal 
 organs. 
 
 The falces are moderately long and strong, and divergent at 
 their extremities. 
 
 The abdomen is of a pale, dull, yellowish-brown colour above, 
 with a longitudinal, central series of largish, angular, black- 
 brown bars, occupying nearly all the upper side ; the first two 
 are often stronger than the rest, and almost confluent, forming 
 a large, irregular patch. The sides, the part just above the 
 spinners, and the underside, are black-brown. 
 
 The female is rather larger and darker than the male. All the 
 angular bars along the middle of the upper side of the abdomen 
 are more or less confluent, and the sides have a broken line of 
 indistinct, yellowish-brown markings along their lower part. 
 
 A single example of each sex, found among heather, at Blox- 
 worth, in May, 1862, remained until recently, the only known 
 specimens. 
 
193 
 
 I have since met with several examples of both sexes (at the 
 end of September, 1878), among rushes and sedge, in a swamp, 
 near Bloxworth. 
 
 LINYPHIA SOCIALIS. 
 
 Linyphia socialis, Sund., Blaohw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 222, pi. xvi., fig. 747. 
 
 The male measures about l-7th of an inch in length. 
 
 The caput of the male is rather elevated and prominent before. 
 The cephalo-thorax is yellow-brown, with black margins, and a 
 contral, narrow, longitudinal, black bar bifid at its fore extremity. 
 Tho sides also are marked with short converging, somewhat 
 elongate, triangular black spots, indicating the normal converg- 
 ing grooves. 
 
 The falces are long, divergent at their extremities, and have 
 a few strong spine-like bristles in front. 
 
 The legs are long, slender, of a pale yellowish colour, 
 annulated with brownish-black. Their relative length is 1.2.4.3. 
 The palpi of the male are yellowish, and of moderate length ; 
 the cubital and radial joints are short, the latter is the strongest 
 and very convex on its outer side ; the digital joint has a 
 prominent lobe on its outer side, and a deep red-brown, pointed, 
 curved process at its base directed outwards. The palpal organs 
 are complex, with various prominent corneous processes, of 
 which the most conspicuous is a large curved one, with one obtuse 
 end pointed upwards above the base of tho digital joint, and the 
 other end projecting prominently outwards and strongly cleft, or 
 of a somewhat bifid form. 
 
 The abdomen is of a dull yellowish-green hue on the upper side, 
 thickly speckled with small white spots, and has a longitudinal, 
 central series of angular brown bars, the extremities of which 
 are often considerably expanded ; tho fore extremity is engirt, 
 rather underneath, with a strong black band, which extends 
 about half way along each side, and has two or more white 
 spots placed in a transverse lino at the middle part ; from near 
 each hinder extremity of this band an oblique bar or strong line 
 
194 
 
 runs forwards and upwards ; and the hinder extremity on each 
 side is followed towards the spinners by two oblique, more or 
 less long and perfect, black stripes. 
 
 The female closely resembles the male in colours and markings. 
 
 The angular bars on the upper sido are so broad, well defined, 
 and near together that the intermediate spaces might be correctly 
 described as greenish yellow-white, angular lines on a brown 
 ground. 
 
 This very distinct and pretty spider is not rare on the trunks 
 of Scotch fir trees near Bloxworth, spinning its snare among the 
 rough bark. It is also found in Scotland. 
 
 LINYPHIA LUTEOLA. 
 
 Linyphia ltjteola, Blaekw., Lond. and Edin. Phil. Mag., 3rd 
 
 ser., iii., p. 192. 
 alticeps, Blaekw, Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. p. 226, 
 
 pi. xvi., fig. 149. 
 The length of the male is about l-6th to l-7th of an inch. 
 The caput is considerably (but gradually) elevated, and promin- 
 ent, its fore part being of a somewhat truncated or bluntish- 
 conical form, and its extremity is furnished with many strong, 
 black bristles. The colour of the cephalo-thorax is pale straw 
 yellow, with a black margin, and a rather fine, longitudinal, 
 central line. The legs are long, slender, similar to the cephalo- 
 thorax in colour, and the spines are moderately strong and con- 
 spicuous; their relative length is 1.2.4.3. The palpi, of the 
 male, are short, the humeral joint is strong, the cubital and 
 radial joints are about equal in length, and at tho fore end of the 
 upper side of the former is a longish, strong, slightly bent 
 spine-like bristle of equal strength throughout, furnished with small 
 projecting points underneath, somewhat bifid at the extremity, 
 and pointingdownwards and forwards, from a small tubercular pro- 
 tuberance, almost in a line with the radial joint, which it exceeds 
 in length. The digital joint is of moderate size, and the palpal 
 organs are prominent and complex, with various points and pro- 
 cesses, but none of a very conspicuous nature. The abdomen 
 
195 
 
 is of a pale dull yellowish hue, more or less mottled with white ; 
 on the fore half of the upper side is a longitudinal, central, 
 brown, or at times black-brown, bar generally somewhat 
 dontated. On either side of this bar, towards its hinder part, 
 and converging together above the spinners, are two rows of 
 black spots, varying in size and shape in different examples, and 
 representing the usual angular lines or bars, all the central or 
 angular portions of which are obsolete in this species, excepting 
 occasionally the last two or throe. The sides are marked with 
 some black lines and bars, generally a longitudinal horizontal 
 one, and several other oblique ones; these lateral markings are often 
 more or less obsolete, and sometimes run into each other. In 
 some examples the abdominal markings are almost obliterated ; 
 the under side is blackish-brown, often marked with two longitu- 
 dinal, rather converging, lines of white spots. 
 
 The female is larger than the malo, and its markings are 
 usually more distinct and perfect. 
 
 This vory distinct spider is found, though rarely, at Bloxworth 
 in late summer and autumn, among rough grass and heather ; 
 but is much more abundant in some localities in the North of 
 England; and is also found in Wales. It must not be con- 
 founded with its very close ally Linypkia alticeps, Sund., 
 which it nearly resembles, being, however, not quite so large, 
 and oasily distinguished by the fore extremity of the caput of 
 L. alttceps, being drawn out into a distinct, bluntish point 
 between the eyes ; the spine-liko bristle also on the cubital 
 joint of the male palpus differs. The latter spider has not yet 
 been mot with in Dorsetshire. 
 
 LINYPHIA CRISTATA. 
 
 Bathyphantes cristatus, Mcnge, Preuss. Spinn. 121, Tab. 46, 
 
 pi. 22. 
 Linyphia cristata, Cambr., Linn. Trans, xxx., p. 328. 
 „ explicata, Cambr., I.e. 
 
 9, decolor, Cambr., I.e., xxvii., p. 437, pi. 56, No. 28. 
 Subsequent repeated and careful examinations have convinced 
 
196 
 
 me that the spiders referred to ia the above synonyms are all of 
 the same species. 
 
 The adult male measures from 1-1 2th to 1-1 Oth of an inch in 
 length. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is yellow, sometimes slightly suffused with 
 blackish towards the margins ; the ocular region is prominent 
 but not elevated, and the profile below the eyes (i.e., of the 
 clypeus) is very hollow, owing to the prominence of the ocular 
 region and of the lower margin of the clypeus ; the legs are 
 long, slender, and yellow ; the spines distinct, but not very con- 
 spicuous ; the falces rather long, divorgent, but not very strong ; 
 the palpi are similar in colour to the legs ; the radial and cubital 
 joints are short, the latter has a not very long, nor strong, black 
 bristle at the fore-extremity of the upper side, and the former 
 is the larger, considerably dilated above at its f ore-extromity, and 
 furnished on the upper side with numerous black bristles and hairs. 
 The digital joint is of moderate size, with a lobe on its outer 
 side, and a small, somewhat conical, prominence at its base on 
 the inner side. The palpal organs are prominent and complex ; 
 but though characteristic in their structure they do not present 
 any very conspicuously distinctive processes. The abdomen is 
 oviform, and considerably convex above ; its colour is dull 
 yellowish, tinged with brown, and sparingly spotted with small 
 white spots ; along the middle of the upper side is a series of 
 blackish, transverse, angular lines or bars, the first one or two 
 being incomplete at the apex, and some of them at times having 
 the extremities dilated into an irregular blotch ; the sides are 
 blackish, with two oval, orolongate, yellowish- white markings in a 
 horizontal line ; the posterior of these markings, on each side, unite 
 over the abdomen above the spinners; the under side is strongly suf- 
 fused with brownish-black. This description of the abdomen is most 
 uniformly applicable to the female, as the male has the abdominal 
 markings usually more or less obsolete ; in other respects the 
 sexes are remarkably similar ; the abdomen of the female, how- 
 ever, being much more convex abovo, and the genital pi^icess 
 characteristic, 
 
197 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Linyphia tenelricola, "Wid., from 
 which it may easily be distinguished by its stouter form and 
 generally yellower colouring ; it is also allied to Linyphiaalacris, Bl., 
 from which the absence of the central longitudinal dentatedbandon 
 the abdomen, as well as the hollow profile line of the clypeus, at 
 once distinguish it. It is rather a rare spider among moss, grass, 
 and other low herbage in open places in woods at Bloxworth in 
 the months of April and May. I have also received it from 
 Berwickshire. 
 
 LINYPHIA PULLATA. 
 
 Linyphia PULLATA, Cambr., Zool. 1863, p. 8580, and Linn. 
 Trans, xxviii., p. 446, pi. xxxiv., fig. 12. 
 
 The length of the male is 1-1 0th of an inch. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a yellow-brown colour, considerably 
 suffused on the sides and margins with blackish. The caput is 
 neither elevated nor prominent in front. The legs are long, 
 slender, and bright yellow ; relative length, 1.2.4.3., not 1.4.2.3., 
 as 1. c. Spines moderately strong. The palpi are short ; the 
 radial and cubital joints short, the former the stronger, and 
 furnished with some longish, curved, bristly hairs in front, and 
 the latter has a strongish, tapering bristle at its fore extremity. 
 The digital joint is large, and of a somewhat elongate-oval form, 
 with a lobe on its outer side. The palpal organs are tolerably 
 compact, and not very complex. The ordinary curved process at 
 their base, on the outer side, is not very prominent nor con- 
 spicuous, though its form is characteristic ; and there are two or 
 three corneous, spine-like processes, near their extremity, one of 
 them being of a rather hooked form, and the others also rather 
 bent, but neither of them very prominent nor conspicuous. The 
 falces are long, rather attenuate at their extremities, which are 
 considerably divergent. The abdomen is of a dark, dull, suffused, 
 yellowish-brown colour on the upper side, with a longitudinal 
 central series of obscure black angular bars, of which the 
 extremities are often dilated; the sides and under side are 
 
198 
 
 brownish-black. In some examples the angular bars are 
 stronger and better denned, and the pattern is then most con- 
 spicuous, as a yellow-brown one, on a black ground. The 
 original examples on which the species was founded were of this 
 kind. 
 
 The sexes resemble each other very nearly in colours and 
 markings, but the abdomen of the female is exceedingly convex 
 above, and in some examples is entirely black, with some 
 dull brownish-yellow markings along the middle of the upper 
 side. 
 
 Found in spring on iron railings, and throughout the summer 
 among heather, at Bloxworth, but not in any abundance. It is 
 nearly allied to Linyphia flacipes, Blackw. 
 
 LINYPHIA NIGRINA. 
 
 Luttphia nigeina, Westr., Aran. Suec., p. 132. 
 
 „ pulla, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 234. pi. 
 xvi., fig. 156. 
 
 Length of the male about l-8th of an inch. 
 
 This spider is very closely allied to Linyphia pullata, Cambr., 
 but is larger, and of a darker hue. The abdomen is brown- 
 black, with a central longitudinal dentated pale band on the 
 upper side, and an obscure pale stripe on each side of the fore 
 extremity. In some examples the central band is broken up into 
 ft series of somewhat triangular patches, whose vertices are 
 directed forwards ; being in fact the intermediate spaces between 
 the ordinary transverse angular black bars, which have here 
 become the ground colour, and are seldom or never conspicuous 
 as a dark pattern on a light ground, as in Linyphia pullata and 
 others. The legs are not quite of so clear a yellow as in that 
 species, and the palpal bulb is larger. The palpal organs also 
 differ in structure, and are furnished, at their extremity, with a 
 coiled, black, filiform spine, within the coil of which appears 
 the prominent point of another spine. The digital joint is 
 
199 
 
 rather large, and has a slender curved process at its base on 
 the outer side, and a largish lohe near its extremity on the inner 
 side. 
 
 The female is larger and generally more distinctly marked 
 than the male. 
 
 Linyphia nigrina is not rare on low plants and herbage, among 
 young underwood, at Bloxworth, find in various other localities 
 in Dorsetshire in the summer and early autumn months. It is 
 also found in other parts of England, as well as in Scotland. 
 
 LINYPHIA APPROXIMATA. 
 
 Linyphia approxbiata, Cambr., Linn. Trans, xxvii., p. 424, pi. 
 55, No. 19. 
 
 Length of the male l-9th of an inch. 
 
 This spider is very closely allied to both the foregoing, but may 
 be distinguished from them without difficulty. 
 
 The caput is only very slightly raised above the rest of the 
 cephalo'thorax, which is of a yellowish colour, slightly clouded 
 with dusky, and sometimes marked on the sides with converging, 
 indistinct, sooty lines. The legs are dingy yellow, their relative 
 longth is 1.2.4.3., and the spines are few, fine, and semi-erect* 
 The palpi are short, the digital joint large, of irregular form, 
 and (including the palpal organs) as long as the whole of the 
 rest of the palpus. These organs are very prominent and 
 complex, with a short, slender, circularly curved spine at their 1 
 extremity. 
 
 The abdomen is nearly black, with a series of strong, angular 
 markings of a pale whitish colour along the middle of the upper 
 side. The vertices of these markings are sometimes obsolete; 
 The female is larger, but resembles the male in colours and 
 markings. 
 
 From Linyphia nigrina Westr., the present species may be dis- 
 tinguished by the much larger size of the digital joint and palpal 
 organs. The structure also of these organs differs, as well as 
 the pattern on the abdomen. From Linyphia pullata Cambr. it 
 
200 
 
 may be known by its larger size, and by the circularly-curved 
 spine at the end of the palpal organs. 
 
 Linyphia approximate, occurred in abundance at the end of 
 May, 1863, among grass and sedge in a marshy spot at Blox- 
 worth, but I have never met with it since. It has, however, been 
 sent to me from France. It spins an irregular web low down 
 among the stems of the grass and sedge among which it was 
 found. 
 
 LINYPHIA DOESALIS. 
 
 Linyphia dobsalis, Wider., Zool. Misc. Arachn. Mus. Senck., p. 
 258 (264), pi. xvii., fig. 12. 
 ,, antiikaoina, Blachv., Ann. and Mag. N. H. (2). xi., 
 
 p. 18. 
 „ claytonm;, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 233, pi. xvi., fig. 155. 
 The length of the male is about l-9th to l-10th of an inch, 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a dark brown colour tinged with 
 yellow. The caput is neither elevated nor prominent in the 
 ocular region, behind which are some bristly hairs directed 
 forwards. The legs are long, slender, of a yellowish-red colour, 
 and the spines are neither numerous nor conspicuous. The palpi 
 are similar in colour to the legs. The radial and cubital joints 
 are short, the former is the stronger and is produced some* 
 what in front, where it is furnished with bristly hairs. The 
 digital joint is of moderate size, and has a lobe on the 
 outer side. The palpal organs are prominent and complex, 
 with various spines and processes, of which a curved process 
 at the base, on the outer side, and two contiguous curved spines near 
 the middle, are the most conspicuous. The f alces are very slightly 
 divergent, and (in the male only) have a small protuberance 
 near the base in front. The abdomen varies greatly in its depth 
 of colour and in the completeness of its markings. In some 
 examples it is black or nearly so (var. anthracina, Blackw.), at 
 other times it is black, with a longitudinal series of yellowish- 
 
201 
 
 brown, angular lines down the middle of the upper side; in 
 others it is of a brownish-yellow hue with black angular lines, 
 the latter often entirely obsolete or represented by a few black 
 spots, or by one or two black markings ; examples also occur 
 intermediate between the black and the pale ones. 
 
 The female is larger than the male ; its abdomen is much 
 more convex above, and projects considerably over the base of the 
 cephalo-thorax. A small, rather narrow, elongate process, a little 
 enlarged at its extremity, is directed backwards from the genital 
 aperture. 
 
 An abundant species among underwood, on furze bushes, and 
 on the lower branches of oak trees, in the months of May and 
 June, at Bloxworth, as well as in other parts of Dorsetshire. It 
 occurs also in the North of England and in Scotland. 
 
 LINYPHIA ERIOEA. 
 
 Linyphia ERioffiA, Blackw., Spid. Great. Brit, and Irel., p. 237, 
 pi. xvii., fig. 159. 
 
 The male measures about l-iotii or 1-Hth of an inch in 
 length. 
 
 The caput is not elevated, and is only very slightly prominent 
 at the ocular region. The cephalo-thorax is of a pale yellowish 
 colour, slightly tinged with brown ; the legs are rather long, 
 slender, of a pale yellow colour, and the spines are of great 
 length, but also light coloured. The palpi are short, slender, 
 and similar in colour to the legs. The radial joint is stronger 
 than the cubital, but both are very short. The digital joint is 
 very small, and of a round-oval form ; the palpal organs are 
 complex, the most noticeable process being a not very con- 
 spicuous, curved, or crescent-shaped one at their base on the 
 outer side ; near the middle of the upper (or posterior) edge of 
 this process is a small, sharp-pointed, thorn-like prominence or 
 spine, whose point is almost in contact with the extremity 
 of the radial joints. The abdomen is of an almost uniform pale 
 yellowish-brown colour, rather darkest underneath. If there 
 
202 
 
 are occasionally a few darker markings above, these soon fade 
 away in spirit of wine. 
 
 Theocular areais rather conspicuous, from the eyesbeing placed 
 on strong black spots, and closely grouped together. 
 
 The female is larger, but resembles the male in colour. 
 
 Found very rarely among heather at Bloxworth, in late 
 summer and autumn, and occasionally in spring ; but received 
 more frequently from the Northumberland and Berwickshire 
 moors, as well as from other parts of Scotland. It has also 
 been met with in North Wales, and in Yorkshire. 
 
 LINYPHIA CIRCUMSPECTA. 
 
 Lintphia oirotjmspeota, BlaoTcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 246, pi. xvii., fig. 165. 
 
 The male measures about 1-1 3th of an inch in length. 
 
 The caput is neither elevated, nor prominent at the eyes. The 
 colour of the cephalo-thorax is yellow-brown ; the legs and palpi 
 are rather paler, and the spines on the former are not very long 
 nor conspicuous. The radial and cubital joints are short, the 
 former is stronger than the other, the digital j oint being of moderate 
 size. The palpal organs are complex, but present no very notice- 
 able process ; a slender black spine forms a coil at their 
 extremity, and within the coil appears the short prominent point 
 of another small black spine, or process. The abdomen is of a 
 yellowish-brown colour above, the sides and under side being 
 darker. A longitudinal series of dark-brown, or blackish angular 
 bars, occupies the middle of the upper side ; these are sometimes 
 almost obsolete, at other times the darker portions of the upper 
 side prevail, and the central line has then a series of more or less 
 perfect angular bars of a pale yellow-brown colour; in some 
 examples the vertices of these angular bars are wanting, leaving 
 a series of oblique elongate spots in pairs. 
 
 The female is rather larger than the male, and its abdomen is 
 very convex above ; the pattern also is usually far more distinct 
 on the upper side than in the male, 
 
203 
 
 This spider may be easily distinguished from Linyphia ericoea, 
 Bl., by the coiled spine at the extremity of the palpal organs, as 
 ■well as by the pattern on the upper side of the abdomen. 
 From Linyphia pullata, Cambr., which it somewhat resembles in 
 pattern, it may be known by its lighter and yellower hue, as 
 well as by its much smaller size, and smaller and roundor digital 
 joint and palpal organs ; these last, although furnished with a 
 coiled, terminal spine, being quite different in other points of 
 structure. 
 
 Occasional among heather towards the end of summer, and in 
 autumn, at Bloxworth. I have also received it from various 
 other parts of Dorsetshire, and it occurs in many localities in 
 England, Scotland, and Wales. 
 
 LINYPHIA EXPERTA. 
 
 Linyphia exrbbta, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 429, pi. 
 55., No. 23. 
 
 The length of the male is l-8th of an inch. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a yellow-brown colour, and when 
 looked at sideways there is a hollow in the profile line just behind 
 the caput. The legs are long, slender, furnished with a few short 
 fine spines, and rather paler in colour than the cephalo-thorax, 
 The palpi are of a similar hue to the legs ; the radial and cubital 
 joints are of about equal length, the former being slightly 
 prominent behind, and somewhat obtusely produced at its 
 extremity in front. From near the fore extremity of the upper 
 side of both radial and cubital joints there projects from each a 
 single, long, strong, tapering bristle. The digital joint is not 
 very large, and has a lobe about the middle of the outer 
 margin ; the palpal organs are prominent and complex ; and 
 among the processes connected with them is one situated towards 
 their base on the inner side, projecting, prominently backwards 
 and outwards ; this process is of a slender form, nearly straight, 
 semi-transparent, and tipped with a kind of tuft of black bristles. 
 
204 
 
 The abdomen is of an elongate-oval form, projecting a little over 
 the base of the cephalo-thorax, and its oolour is dull black. 
 
 A single example was found in December, 1 867, in the village 
 schoolroom, at Bloxworth, probably brought in among the 
 heathy turf used for fuel. I have since received several examples 
 from Berwickshire ; but have not again met with it in Dorset- 
 shire. 
 
 LINYPHIA EBEANS. 
 
 Neriene erbans, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 253, 
 pi. xviii., fig. 170. 
 
 The length of the male is about 1-1 0th of an inch. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is brown ; the caput is not elevated, nor 
 prominent at the eyes. The legs are long and of a pale red- 
 brown colour, and the spines are not strong, though distinct. 
 The radial and cubital joints of the palpi are short, the former 
 much the strongest. The digital joint is oval, with a large lobe 
 n the outer side near the upper part, and the palpal organs are 
 prominent and complex, with several curved, pointed, prominent 
 processes at their extremity. 
 
 The abdomen is of a dull, greenish-brown hue, with a 
 longitudinal, central series of obscure, angular, yellowish-brown 
 lines on the upper side. 
 
 The female is rather larger than the male, but resembles that 
 eex in colours. 
 
 Rare, on iron railings, in spring, at Bloxworth. It appears to 
 be more plentiful in the North of England and in Wales. 
 
 LINYPHIA OBLONGA. 
 
 Linyphia oblonga, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii,, p. 433. 
 The length of the female is 1-1 6th of an inch. 
 This minute spider may easily be recognised by its generally 
 
205 
 
 flattened, oblong form ; the abdomen also being rather broader 
 behind than in front. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a pale, semi-diaphanous, yellowish- 
 brown colour. The legs are rather long, slonder, furnished with 
 a few, longish, slendor spines, and similar to the cephalo- 
 thorax in colour ; the tibise and metatarsi often suffused with a 
 darker hue. The eyes are very minute, seated on black spots, 
 and all of a pearly white lustre. The abdomen projects a little 
 over the base of the cephalo-thorax, and is of a dull greenish 
 olive, black-brown colour, marked with some obscure, fine, 
 pale lines and spots, disposed rather regularly, and chiefly visible 
 after the spider has been placed in spirit of wine. The genital 
 aperture is margined with red-brown, and is of a nearly circular 
 form. 
 
 I have not yet met with the male of this spider, but females 
 have been occasionally found on iron railings, at Bloxworth 
 Eectory, in the months of May and June. 
 
 LINYPHIA (?) INCERTA. 
 
 Linyphia (?) inoerta, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1878, 
 p. 117, pi. xi., fig. 2. 
 
 Length of female 1 line. 
 
 Very nearly allied to Linyphia oblonga, Cambr., and closely 
 resembling it, but larger and darker coloured. The eyes are 
 larger and not all pearly white, as in L. oblonga, but the fore- 
 centrals are dark ; the height of the clypeus exceeds half that of 
 the facial space. Legs long, slonder, 1.1.2.3. Spines very long and 
 prominent. Length of 6pine, near tho posterior extremity of the 
 tibiee of fourth pair, equal to (or exceoding) three times the 
 diameter of the joint. Palpi rather long and slender. Abdomen 
 oblong-oval, depressed, and projecting considerably over the 
 base of cephalo-thorax ; it is of a dull brownish-yellow, with a 
 rather darker, tapering stripe on the upper side along the middle 
 of the fore-half. Genital aperture large, and somewhat circular 
 
206 
 
 in form. The integument of the posterior extremity of the 
 abdomen is marked with some transverse foldings. 
 
 Found on a wall, in the month of June, 1877, at Bloxworth. 
 
 LINYPHIA BICOLOB. 
 
 Neriene bicolob, Blackto., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 250, pi. 
 xvii., fig. 168. 
 
 The male measures l-6th of an inch, though among a series of 
 examples there will be found considerable diversity of size, some 
 larger and some smaller than the measurement given above. 
 This diversity is observable in both sexes. 
 
 The caput is very slightly, but not abruptly elevated, rising 
 gradually from the hinder slope of the thorax. It has some 
 bristly hairs on and behind the ocular region. The cephalo- 
 thorax is of a reddish yellow-brown colour, and the legs and 
 palpi are of a rather lighter hue. The spines on the legs are 
 distinct, but not very strong. The palpi of the male are moder- 
 ately long ; the cubital and radial joints short ; the former 
 is less strong than the latter, and has a single, long, tapering 
 bristle at the fore extremity on the upper side. The radial joint 
 has a small obtuse protuberance on the outer side of the upper 
 part, furnished with a compact group of long, strong, somewhat 
 spinous, black bristles, of equal strength throughout their length. 
 The digital joint is not large ; its form is roundish-oval, with a 
 prominent lobe on its outer side, and a large obtuse process at 
 its base. The palpal organs are prominent and complex ; among 
 the most conspicuous of their processes is a curved one near the 
 base on the outer side. 
 
 The abdomen projects well over the base of the cephalo-thorax, 
 and is of a brownish-black colour. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours, and is usually 
 larger. 
 
 Eare among heather, and herbage in woods, at Bloxworth, 
 but apparently much more numerous in the north of England, 
 Scotland and Wales. 
 
207 
 
 LINYPHIA ABNORMIS. 
 
 Neriene abnormis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 286, 
 pi. xix., fig. 200. 
 
 The male measures about l-8th of an inch in length, and the 
 female is somewhat larger. 
 
 The caput does not rise above the level of the thorax. The 
 cephalo-thorax is of a brownish-red colour ; the legs reddish- 
 brown, armed with a few long fine spines ; and the abdomen is 
 of a darkish brown colour, obscurely mottled with a still darker 
 hue. 
 
 The digital joint of the palpus has a large lobe on the outer 
 side ; the palpal organs are prominent, and very complex, 
 with a very large irregular process at their base on the outer 
 side. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours, but is rather paler, 
 and larger. 
 
 Two examples only have been found in Dorsetshire — at Blox- 
 worth, among heather, in summer time. Mr. Blackwall has also 
 found it in Lancashire. 
 
 LINYPHIA LINGUATA. 
 
 Lintphia LrNGTOATA, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 537, pi. 
 xlvi., fig. 8. 
 
 The length of the female is very nearly l-6th of an inch. 
 
 The whole of the fore part (including the cephalo-thorax, 
 palpi, and logs) is of an orange-yellow colour. The abdomen 
 is pale yellow-brown, with a rather indistinct, darker, 
 longitudinal stripe along the middle of the fore half of the 
 upper side, followed towards the spinners by several transverse 
 angular stripes of a similar nature and colour ; the sides are 
 slightly suffused with a dusky hue, and the under side has a 
 
208 
 
 broad, longitudinal, dusky band reaching from near the spinners 
 to the genital aperture. "With this last is connected a long, 
 rather broad process, directed horizontally backward, and of a 
 somewhat tongue-shape, its extremity being broader than the 
 rest. By the form of this process the female of this spider may 
 be easily determined ; but the *male has not yet been discovered. 
 The spines on the legs are rather long, and very slender. 
 
 An example of the female was received from Mr. C. "W. Dale, 
 by whom it was found at Glanvilles "Wootton, in the summer of 
 1877. It had previously been found only in Scotland. 
 
 LINYPHIA DECIPIENS, Sp., n. 
 
 Adult female length, 2 lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is moderately convex above, the profile 
 line of the caput and thorax forming a very slightly curved, even 
 line, being, in fact, almost straight from close to the hinder 
 extremity to the occiput ; its colour is a pale, dull, straw-yellow, 
 which would probably have deepened to yellow-brown, as the 
 examples met with had evidently not long attained maturity. 
 
 The eyes are of tolerable size, in the usual general position, 
 and the ocular area is a little prominent. Those of the hind 
 central pair are rather nearer to each other than each is to the 
 hind lateral eye on its side. The eyes of the hinder row (in 
 the two examples found) have a diaphanous, aborted appearance ; 
 whether this may be accidental or not is uncertain ; those of 
 the fore-central pair are separated by a distinct interval, equal to 
 
 • An adult male example, which I helieve to he of this species, has very 
 recently heen sent to me from Scotland. Its length is 2 lines. The abdomen 
 is of a dull, sooty hue, without markings, excepting an indistinct, dull, 
 whitish patch towards the hinder extremity of the upper side. The falces 
 are rather long, moderately strong, divergent, armed with longish, strong 
 teeth in the usual position, and with a strongish, toothlike process, towards 
 the fore extremity, rather on the inner side. The legs of the second pair 
 are distinctly shorter than those of the fourth pair, while in the female 
 those of the second appear slightly to exceed the fourth pair in length ; 
 the legs are clothed with ooarse hairs, and two or three very slender spines 
 on the genual and tibial joints. The palpi are rather long, slender, and 
 much like those of Neriene rufa, p. 123 (iV. rubripes, Blackw.), but the palpal 
 organs differ a little in structure, and the falces are not nearly so strong, 
 nor so prominent near their base in front. 
 
209 
 
 about half an eye's diameter. The height of the olypeus, which 
 is prominent at its lower margin, exceeds half that of the facial 
 space. 
 
 The legs are of moderate length and strength, 4.1.2.3. They 
 are similar to the cephalo-thorax in colour, and armed with a 
 few slender erect spines, or spine-like bristles, on the upper sides 
 of the genua and tibiae. The difference in length between 4 
 and 1 is very slight. 
 
 The palpi are moderately long, and similar to the legs in 
 colour and armature. 
 
 The falces are rather long, powerful, strongly prominent at 
 their base in front, perpendicular, divergent at their extremities, 
 and armed with a double row of 5-2 teeth of different sizes ; the 
 two central teeth of the anterior row being the strongest. The 
 colour of the falces is like that of the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 Maxilla moderately long, strong, straight, rather rounded on 
 their outer marginal line, and inclined moderately towards the 
 labium, which is of a somewhat short-oblong form, rounded at 
 the apex. 
 
 The abdomen is short-oval, of considerable convexity above, 
 and clothed pretty thickly with coarse dark hairs. Its colour is 
 a dull luteous brownish, deepening to sooty black on the sides 
 and under part, with an indistinct, narrow, longitudinal marking 
 on the fore part of the upper side, followed, to the spinners, by 
 a series of indistinct, sooty, transverse, slightly-angular bars. 
 The process in front of the genital aperture is conspicuous, being 
 broad, and rather vertically prominent. 
 
 Two examples of this spider (which appears to belong to that 
 group of Linyphia comprised in the genus Bathyphantet, (Menge) 
 were found among fallen leaves in Bere Wood, adjoining Blox- 
 worth, towards the end of September, 1878. It is closely allied 
 to Linyphia linguata, Cambr., and may possibly be the female of 
 Nerim rufa (p. 123), the adult female of which is as yet 
 unknown to me. 
 
210 
 
 LINYPHIA PARVULA. 
 
 Lintphia parvula, Weatr., Aran. Suec., p. 135. 
 
 „ longipes, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soo. xxvii., p. 430, 
 pi. 55, No. 24. 
 Bathyphantes ionotpes, Menge, Preusg. Spinn., p. 116, pi. 21, 
 Tab. 42. 
 
 The male measures 1-1 2th of an inch in length. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a dark brown colour, with dusky 
 black margins, and converging lines on the sides, of tho same 
 hue. The caput is a little elevated, and prominent at the eyes, 
 chiefly owing to a dip or hollow, most visible in profile, between 
 the caput and thorax. The legs are very long, slender, of a 
 dark yellow-brown colour, and the spines are neither strong nor 
 numerous, though distinct. The length of tho legs of the fourth 
 pair is greater than that of the first. The palpi are not very 
 long; the radial and cubital joints are short, and of equal 
 length ; the former is rather gibbous, furnished with a 
 few bristly hairs on its upper side, and slightly produced 
 towards its inner side. The digital joint has a prominent lobe 
 on its outer side forwards. The palpal organs are prominent and 
 complex, the most noticeable of their processes being one of a 
 curved form at their base on the outer side, having its upper 
 edge fringed with bristly hairs ; and a slender black spine coils 
 round their extremity. 
 
 The abdomen is black. 
 
 The female is larger than tho male, and her legs are shorter . 
 but the sexes are similar in colour. 
 
 I first met with this spider at Southport, Lancashire, in 1859 ; 
 but afterwards found it in abundance, spinning an irregular web, 
 among stems of grass and rubbish in woods, swamps, and waste 
 places at Bloxworth, in May, 1863. Since then I have scarcely 
 met with it at all. The male is verysimilar in the structure of its 
 palpi to Linyphia circumspecta Bl., but is larger, and never has the 
 
211 
 
 characteristic abdominal pattern of that species. From Linyphia 
 aeria, Cambr., it may be distinguished not only by being rather 
 larger, but by the coiled spine at the extremity of the palpal 
 organs, which is wanting in that species. 
 
 LINYPHIA AERIA. 
 
 Lintphia aeria, Cambr., Ann. and Mag., N.H., 1875, p. 251, pi. 
 viii., fig. 8. 
 
 The length of the male is 1-1 3th of an inch. 
 
 The cephalo -thorax, looked at sideways, shows a deep hollow 
 or depression between the caput and thorax, the latter being 
 slightly the most elevated of the two. It is of a yellow-brown 
 colour, with the margins and converging lateral lines of a some- 
 what more dusky-brown hue. The legs are rather long, and 
 slender ; they are of a pale dull yellowish colour, and the spines 
 are few in number, and slender, but rather long. 
 
 The palpi are short and slender, and of the same colour as the 
 legs. The cubital and radial joints are very short ; the former 
 has a fine, tapering bristle at its fore extremity above ; and the 
 latter is the stronger, being produced a little more in front than 
 behind. The digital joint is of moderate size, and the palpal 
 organs are rather complex, but do not present any very notice- 
 able or conspicuous process. 
 
 The abdomen is considerably convex above, projects a good 
 deal over the base of the cephalo-thorax, and is of a dull black- 
 ish colour. 
 
 The female is rather larger than the male, but resembles it in 
 general structure and colour. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to the foregoing, but is smaller ; 
 its legs are also shorter, and the palpal organs have no coiled 
 spine at their extremity 4 
 
 Found occasionally in autumn and spring at Bloxworth 
 Eectory, running on iron railings, on bright, warm mornings. 
 
212 
 LINYPHIA PHOLCOMMOIDES, Sp. n. 
 
 Length of the adult male, scarcely more than 2-3rds of a line. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a short, round-oval, rather flattened 
 form ; the caput very short, and -with scarcely any lateral com- 
 pression ; the thorax, at the top of the posterior slope (which is 
 steep, and greatly indented), is higher than any part of the 
 caput ; the profile running through to the eyes in a very slightly 
 concave line. The colour of the cephalo-thorax is yellow, with 
 a dusky-blackish, central, longitudinal line, enlarged into a patch 
 on the occiput. There are also similar converging lines on the 
 sides, and a marginal line of the same hue. 
 
 The eyes are rather large, and closely grouped, reminding one 
 very much of the position of those of Pholcomma (p. 81). Three 
 large eyes, contiguous to each other, form a very short, curved 
 line (or rather a triangle) on each side of the ocular area, which 
 js suffused with black. Between the fore ends of these lines are 
 the more minute fore-central pair of eyes, contiguous to each 
 Other, and to the fore-lateral eye on'each side ; the interval between 
 the eyes of the hind-central pair is very small, being no more, if 
 so much, as half of an eye's diameter. The height of the 
 clypeus is about equal to one-third of that of the facial space. 
 
 The falces are small, directed strongly backwards, and similar 
 to the cephalo-thorax in colour. 
 
 The legs are rather long, and slender ; their relative length is 
 apparently 4.1.2.3. ; but some of them being mutilated, I am not 
 sure upon this point. The femora are of an orange-yellow 
 colour ; the tibiae of the first and second pairs suffused with 
 dusky-blackish ; and the rest are of a paler, yellowish hue. The 
 armature was much damaged, but it consists apparently of hairs 
 and a few fine spines on the tibise and metatarsi. 
 
 The palpi are short, and yellow. The cubital and radial joints 
 are very short ; the latter strongest, and slightly produced at its 
 upper extremity in front. The digital joint is oval, and of 
 moderate size. The palpal organs are very prominent and com- 
 
213 
 
 plex, with various prooesses, among which the most conspiououa 
 is a large, projecting, curved one at their base on the outer side. 
 
 The sternum is large, and heart .shaped ; its fore extremity 
 strongly concave or circularly indented ; and it is of a yellowish 
 colour, suffused with dusky-black. 
 
 The abdomen is small, of a somewhat elongate-oval form, and 
 of a blackish hue, tinged with olive green, and thinly clothed 
 with hairs. 
 
 An example of this spider, which may be readily distinguished 
 from many other small species of Linyphia by the close grouping 
 of the eyes, and the dark femora of the first and second pairs of 
 legs, was found near Sherborne, in the autumn of 1878, by my 
 nephew, Frederick P. Cambridge. 
 
 LINYPHIA INCONSPICUA. 
 
 Linyphia inoonsfioua, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 432. 
 
 The length of the male is 1-1 7th of an inch. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax (which has a narrow blackish margin), 
 together with the legs and palpi and other fore parts, are pale 
 yellow, the sternum slightly suffused with blackish. The 
 abdomen, which projects a little over the base of the cephalo- 
 thorax, is of a pale, whitish-brown colour on the upper side, 
 reticulated with a darker hue, forming an indistinct, central, 
 longitudinal, pale, narrow, denticulate band, pointed at its 
 hinder part, reaching nearly to the spinners, and sending out 
 pale lateral lines. The underside is suffused with black, and the 
 spiraoular plates are pale yellow. The eyes are rather large and 
 closely grouped, seated on black (almost confluent) spots, and 
 the interval between those of the hind-central pair is distinctly 
 greater than that between each and the lateral eye, of the same 
 row, next to it. The legs are long and slender, and the spines 
 are long and slender also. The palpi are short; the radial joint 
 is much stronger than the cubital, and, like that of most of this 
 genus, dilated at its anterior extremity, and furnished with a few 
 longish, bristly hairs, of which one is longer and stronger than 
 
214 
 
 the rest. The digital joint is of moderate size, with a small lobe 
 on its outer side. The palpal organs are rather oomplex, with a 
 curved process, near their base on the outer side, having a short, 
 fine, spiny, black point almost touching the outer extremity of 
 the radial joint. 
 
 The female is larger and darker coloured than the male, and 
 her abdomen projects greatly over the cephalo-thorax ; her legs 
 also differ in their relative length, those of the fourth pair being 
 apparently longer than those of the second. 
 
 This spider is very closely allied to Linyphia ericma, Bl., but 
 may be distinguished by the interval between the hind-central 
 pair of eyes being very distinctly greater than that between each 
 and the lateral next to it, whereas in Linyphia erictea the inter- 
 vals between the eyes of that row are equal, or, if anything, very 
 slightly greater between the hind-centrals. The genital process 
 of the female also differs in structure. The palpal organs of the 
 male are very similar in both species. 
 
 An adult male and females were found among herbage in a 
 wood at Bloxworth, in April, 1867, but it has not been met with 
 since. 
 
 LINYPHIA OBLIVIA 
 
 LnrrPHiA oblivia, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 446, 
 pi. xxxiv., fig. 13. 
 
 The length of the male is 1-1 6th of an inch. 
 
 The caput is slightly lower (when looked at in profile) than the 
 thorax, and is a very little prominent at the eyes. The cephalo- 
 thorax is yellow-brown, margined with black-brown; at the 
 hinder part of the caput is a largish, somewhat quadrate, black- 
 brown patch, with some lateral converging lines of the same hue. 
 
 The eyes do not differ much in size; those of the hind- 
 central pair are very slightly further apart than each is from 
 the lateral next to it ; those of the fore-central pair are the 
 smallest, and have a distinct, though very small, interval 
 between them. The cubital and radial joints of the palpi are 
 
215 
 
 short, but of about equal length ; the latter is a little produced 
 at its fore extremity on the upper side, and the former has a 
 single, curved, prominent black bristle issuing from its fore 
 side ; the digital joint is of moderate size, and the palpal organs 
 are prominent and rather complex, but present no very 
 remarkable process. The abdomen is shining black. The legs 
 are slender, of moderate length, and of a dull brownish-yellow 
 colour ; and the spines are few, long, and erect, but slender. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Linyphia ericcta, Bl., and Linyphia 
 inconspicua, Cambr., but, from both, the black abdomen and the 
 colour of the cephalo-thorax distinguish it readily. It also 
 approaches nearly to some species of Neritne, though the 
 presence of distinct spines on the legs separates it from that 
 genus. 
 
 A single example only was found at Bloxworth in the summer 
 of 1870, but in what situation I have no precise note; 
 probably it was among herbage in a wood. 
 
 LINYPHIA OBLITA. 
 
 LnrrPHiA oblita, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 432. 
 
 Length of the male, 1-1 3th of an inch. 
 
 The profile line of the thorax and caput has no hollow or 
 depression behind the latter ; nor is the latter elevated, nor 
 prominent at the eyes ; resembling, in fact, in the form of the 
 cephalo-thorax, many species of Neriene. The cephalo-thorax is 
 of a dark yellowish-brown colour, with a black margin, and an 
 angular dark brown patch at the back of the caput, and some 
 narrow converging lateral stripes of the same hue. The legs and 
 palpi are yellow, the former moderately strong and not very long ; 
 their relative length is 4.1.2.3., and they are furnished with a 
 few slender spines of moderate length. The radial joint is 
 stronger than the cubital, and has, on its outer side, some long, 
 curved, bristly hairs directed downwards. The digital joint is of 
 moderate size, and the palpal organs are compact, though com- 
 
216 
 
 plex, with a strong curved process at their base on the outer 
 side. 
 
 The eyes are rather small, but do not differ greatly in size ; 
 they are seated on small black spots, and those of the posterior 
 row are equidistant from each other ; the height of the 
 clypeus (which is not impressed, but is a little prominent below) 
 is half that of the facial space. The falces are a little divergent 
 at their extremity, and are directed strongly backwards towards 
 the sternum, which is of a blackish-brown colour. 
 
 The abdomen projects, but very slightly, over the base of the 
 cephalo-thorax, and is of a brownish-black colour. 
 
 This is an obscure spider, and allied to Linyphia o blivia, Cambr., 
 but may be distinguished by the less abrupt slope of the hinder 
 part of the thorax ; in L. ollivia the thorax is also 
 perceptibly higher (in profile) than the caput, whereas it is not 
 so in the present spider ; the relative distances also between the 
 eyes of the posterior row differ. Nor could I, on close examina- 
 tion, observe any curved process at the base, on the outer side, 
 of the palpal organs of L. ollivia. 
 
 A single example beaten from a furze bush, at Bloxworth, in 
 the summer of 1863. 
 
 LINYPHIA PALLIDA. 
 
 Linyphia pallida, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 435, 
 pi. 56, No. 26. 
 
 The length of the male is 1-1 2th of an inch. 
 
 The caput is not elevated, the profile line forming a gradually 
 rising slope to the ocular area, which is a little prominent. The 
 cephalo-thorax is of a dusky yellow hue, tinged with orange, 
 and its surface is minutely punctured with very fine impressed 
 dots. The clypeus is prominent, and its height is half that of 
 the facial space. The eyes are on small black spots, and the 
 interval between those of the hind-central pair is rather greater 
 than that between each and the lateral eye next to it. The legs 
 are long and rather slender ; the relative length of those of the 
 
217 
 
 male is 4.1.2.3. ; they are like the cephalo-thorax in colour, and 
 are armed with long spines. 
 
 The palpi are short; the radial joint is stronger than the 
 cubital, and is furnished with some bristly hairs, one of them 
 towards the base in front being of a spinous nature, very long, 
 strong, directed forwards and downwards, curved and tapering. 
 Thero is also a strongish bristle in front of the cubital joint, but 
 its length is not more than half that of the one on the radial ; 
 the digital joint is large, and the palpal organs are prominent 
 and complex. The two most conspicuous processes are a long, 
 slightly bent one, on their outer side, with a prominent, sharpish 
 spur behind, near the middle of it, and another strong curved 
 one, on the same side, close to thoir base ; at their extremity is 
 also a small bent, blackish, blunt-pointed, spiny process. 
 
 The abdomen is of a light, dull yellowish colour, thinly 
 clothed with coarse hairs ; and in one example there were some 
 Blightly angular, transverse, dusky lines along the middle of the 
 hinder half. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colour, but is larger. Tho 
 abdomen is greatly convex above, and the falces are more 
 divergent. The genital process is very large, strong, and pro- 
 jects almost at right angles from tho aperture, its form is also 
 somewhat complex. The relativo length of tho legs of this sex 
 also differs from that of the male, being 1.2.4.3. 
 
 Two examples (one of each sex) woro found at tho roots of 
 heather at Bloxworth, in March, 1867. 
 
 LINYPHIA DECENS. 
 
 Linyphia decens, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 436, pi. 
 56, No. 27. 
 
 Tho male measures l-12th of an inch in length. 
 
 The caput is not elevated above tho thoracic level. Tlie 
 cephalo-thorax is of a yellow-brown colour, and its surface is 
 finely, completely, and thickly covered with minute punctures. 
 
 The eyes are very small, and the interval between those of 
 the hind-cuntral pair is no more than half of that between each 
 
218 
 
 and the lateral eye of the same row next to it. The legs are 
 long, moderate in strength, and of a paler, clearer yellow colour 
 than the cephalo-thorax. Their relative length is 4.1.2.3., and 
 the spines are few and slondor. 
 
 The palpi are short, and like the legs in colour. The radial 
 joint is rather protuberant, or produced, at its extremity in front, 
 where it has a single marginal row of bristly hairs projecting 
 over the base of the digital joint, with two longer and stronger 
 curved bristles on the outer sides. The digital joint is largo, 
 and has a large lobe, ending in a blunt projection, towards its 
 base on the outer side. The palpal organs are prominent and 
 complex. A strong, curved process projects outwards at their 
 base, and has a slight notch on its inner margin near the 
 extremity. There are also two curved spines at the extremity 
 of the palpal organs rather on the inner side ; one of them lies 
 within the other, and is much the slenderer of the two ; near them 
 also is a small, conically-pointed protuberance. 
 
 The falces are long, strong, and very slightly divergent. The 
 abdomen projects slightly over the base of the cephalo-thorax, 
 and is of a pale brownish-yellow colour, covered sparingly, but 
 regularly and conspicuously, with blackish-brown hairs. 
 
 This spider bears a considerable resemblance to Linyphia 
 pallida, Cambr., in general appearance and colours, but may 
 easily be distinguished by the structure of the palpal organs, 
 and by the very small size, and position of the eyes. 
 
 A single example only, found at the roots of heather at Blox- 
 worth in the spring of 1862. 
 
 LINYPHIA CONCOLOR. 
 
 Linyphia concoloe, Wid., Mus. Senck., Band 1., p. 267, Taf. 
 
 18, fig. 3. 
 Thekibion filipes, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 206, 
 pi. xiv., fig. 136. 
 The length of the male is 1-1 0th of an inch. 
 The caput is on the same level as the thorax, and the ocular 
 
219 
 
 region is very slightly prominent. The colour of the cephalo- 
 thorax is yellowish-brown; the legs and palpi being a littl* 
 lighter in hue. The legs are long and very slender (1.4.2.3.); 
 the spines on the legs are fine and short, but distinct and nearly 
 erect. The palpi (excepting the digital joints) are short; the 
 radial is stronger than the cubital joint, being prominent at its 
 fore-extremity and on the inner side, with several long, strong 
 bristles in front. The digital joint is long and of an irregular 
 oval form, drawn out before, and with a prominence towards 
 the base on the outer side, and two smaller ones close to its base 
 in front. The palpal organs are prominent and complex ; among 
 the various proceses is one which extends beneath them through- 
 out their whole length, and has its fine filiform termination 
 curved in an almost circular form at their extremity. The falces 
 are long, rather weak, and divergent. The abdomen is of a deep, 
 slightly brownish-black colour. 
 
 The female is larger than the male, but resembles it in colours ; 
 the abdomen projects considerably ovor the base of the cephalo- 
 thorax. The genital process is long, slender, cylindrical, very 
 slightly curved, of a semi-diaphanous, pale, yellow-brown 
 colour, and directed backwards in close proximity to tho under 
 surface of the abdomen. 
 
 Found, though not abundantly, at Bloxworth and in other 
 localities in Dorsetshire, among moss and under stones and logs 
 in woods during spring and early summer time. It occurs also 
 in other parts of England, as well as in Scotland and North 
 Wales. The palpi of tho male (of which the digital joint and 
 palpal organs almost equal in length the whole of the rest of 
 the palpus) and the long, slender, genital process of the 
 female are remarkably characteristic of this spider, and vendor 
 it an easily distinguished species. 
 
 LINYPHIA INSIGNIS. 
 
 Linypiiia insignis, Blaehw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 238, 
 pi. xvii., fig. 168. 
 The length of the male is nearly l-6th of an inch. 
 
220 
 
 The caput is not raised above the level of the thorax, but the 
 ocular region is a little prominent. The colour of the cephalo- 
 thorax is yellow-brown. The logs are long (1.2.4.3.), 
 slender, of a paler and cloarer colour than the cephalo- 
 thorax, and usually tinged with red. The spines are tolerably 
 strong, long, and prominent. The palpi are rather short, and 
 similar in colour to the legs. The radial joint is stronger than 
 the cubital, and has a prominent process near its base on the 
 outer side, of a rather sharp pointed, conical form, furnished at 
 its point with two long bristles. The digital joint is large, and 
 has a strong lobe on the outer side. The palpal organs are 
 prominent and complex, with various conspicuous spines and 
 processes, the most noticeable of which is a large, somewhat 
 flattened, curved one beneath thoir base, and on the outer side. 
 
 The eyes of the fore-central pair are separated by an interval 
 nearly equal to half an eye's diameter. The abdomen is of a 
 dull yellowish colour ; the upper side has a longitudinal series of 
 transverse, angular, black lines on the middle and hindor part ; 
 these lines are often obsolete, or more or less imperfect, and the 
 sides have some short, oblique, black markings forming an 
 irregular longitudinal band ; the under side also has some black 
 patches and markings, and there are some broken ones round the 
 base of tho spinners. The femalo resembles the male in colours 
 and markings ; tho gonital process is very long, strong, 
 somewhat cylindrical in its form, enlarging a little towards its 
 extremity, which is notched or cleft, and of a bright roddish 
 colour, the rest being dull yellow ; this process is directed back- 
 wards, and its inferior surfaco is furnished with long coarse 
 bristly hairs. 
 
 This fine and very distinct species is rare at Bloxworth among 
 low plants in open places in woods and plantations in autumn. 
 It appears to be much more common in the North of England, 
 and has been also met with in Wales and Scotland. The male 
 palpi and the female genital process are exceedingly characteris- 
 tic, and with the colours and markings of the spider render it an 
 easily recognized spider. 
 
221 
 
 LINYPHIA IMPIGHA. 
 
 LiNYPnu impioba, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc, xxvii., p. 422, pi. 
 55, No. 18. 
 
 The male measures l-6th of an inch in length. 
 
 The caput is neither raised nor prominent ; the profile of this 
 part and the thoracic region forms a tolerably even curved line ; 
 the lower part of the clypeus is rather prominent. The colour 
 of the cephalo-thorax is dark orange-yellow, with some converg- 
 ing, slightly dusky, lateral linos. The legs are long, tolerably 
 strong, and of a clear, bright, orange-yellow colour. The spines 
 are few, short, and semi-erect. The relative length of tho logs 
 is 1.4.2.3. The palpi are short, and similar in colouv to tho logs ; 
 the radial joint is a little longer and much stronger than the 
 cubital, and is rather gibbous on the inner side towards tho 
 extremity. The digital joint is large, and the palpal organs 
 prominent and complex. A long black spine issues from a 
 corneous process near their extremity, and curves backwards 
 with a large bold sweep round their outer side to the hinder part, 
 or base, near the digital joint. The falces are long, strong, a 
 little prominent near thoir base in front, and strongly inclined 
 towards the sternum. 
 
 The abdomen projects considerably over the base of the 
 cephalo-thorax ; it is of a glossy blackish colour, with two dull 
 white spots in a transverse lino near the fore extremity, and two 
 bright white ones similarly placod just above the spinners. 
 "When in spirits of wine a longitudinal, central, tapering band, 
 and a longitudinal row of largish spots on each side of it, of a 
 darker hue than the rest of tho surface, wore indistinctly trace- 
 able. 
 
 Two males are the only examples yot recordod of this fino and 
 distinct species ; these were found among sedgy grass in a 
 swamp at Bloxworth in May ;j 1863. 
 
222 
 LINYPHIA CLATHBATA. 
 
 Linypiiia clathrata, Sund., Sv. Spindl. Beskr. in Vet. Akad. 
 Handl., f. 1829, p. 218. 
 
 Nerienb marginata, Bl., Spid. Great Brit, and Irol., p. 249, 
 pi. xvii., fig. 167. 
 
 The male measures about l-7th of an inch in length. 
 
 The caput is not raised above the thorax, excepting that the 
 profile line rises gradually, in a very slight curve, from the hinder, 
 extremity of the latter, to the eyes. The colour of the cephalo- 
 thorax is a rich blackish-brown. The legs are long, moder- 
 ately strong and of a reddish-yellow hue, sometimes annulated 
 with brown. Their rolative length is 1.4.2.3. The spines are 
 short and rather slender. The palpi are short, and of a much 
 duskier hue than the legs, the digital joint, which is large, being 
 deep black-brown ; the radial is much stronger than the cubital 
 joint, and is furnished with numerous long, bristly, black,prominent 
 hairs on the outer side, the thickest part of the group forming 
 a sort of pointed tuft. The palpal organs are prominent and com- 
 plex, but tolerably compact, and of a deep brown-black colour ; 
 a large curved process originating on their inner side has its 
 sharp point directed downwards on the outer side, and there is 
 a spirally coiled spine at their extremity, with some prominent 
 transparent membrane whose margin is slightly fringed. 
 
 The abdomen of the male is of a somewhat narrow, oblong- 
 oval form ; it is of a brownieh-black colour, with a marginal 
 band of a brown hue, spotted closely with white, strongly 
 dentated along the sides of the abdomen, and continued, but no t 
 dentated, above the spinners ; at the fore extromity it is divided 
 by the anterior portion of a strong, black, somewhat cruciform 
 marking; and a longitudinal series of curved, angular, dull, 
 brownish bars, spotted with white, occupies the middle of the 
 upper side. According to the preponderance of the black, or 
 white spotted portions, either may be taken as the ground 
 colour of the upper part; in the above description the black 
 
223 
 
 portion is taken as the ground colour ; but if the white spotted 
 portion bo so taken, the lateral bands then become black dentated 
 ones and the angular lines along the middle also black. The 
 under side is brownish-black with a few marginal white spots. 
 
 The female is slightly larger than the male ; her abdomen 
 is of the ordinary form and projects well ovei the base of the 
 cephalo-thorax. In females, young males, and those that 
 have not long attained maturity, the abdominal pattern is 
 generally very distinct ; but in old males it is usually merged in 
 a more or less complete blackness, excepting two large white 
 spots, one on either side of the fore extremity. 
 
 This is an abundant spider at Bloxworth, and in many other 
 localities in Dorsetshire. It is also found in other parts of 
 England, as well as in Scotland and "Wales. It is adult in spring 
 and summer, and its favourite haunts are among herbage, and the 
 debris of former fences in hedgo rows ; it is also found in various 
 other situations where it can obtain shelter among low growing 
 plants for its horizontal sheet of web, on the under side of which 
 it sits in an inverted position. The male may frequently be seen 
 running on paths and roads in the daytime. 
 
 LINYPHIA FTJRTIVA. 
 
 Linyphia fuetiva, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc, p. 425, pi. 55, 
 No. 20. 
 
 The length of tho male is l-6th of an inch in length. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to the foregoing, but the profile 
 line of the caput and thorax is straight, and ascends gradually 
 to the eyes. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is dark-brown, tinged with 
 yellowish. The legs are long, moderately strong, and of a 
 yellowish-brown hue, the spines boing short and rathor fine. 
 The palpi are very like those of Linyphia clathrata, Sitnd., but the 
 bristly hairs on the radial joints are not so numerous, nor 
 grouped in a tuft-like form ; the digital joint and palpal organs 
 form a largor mass, though tho structure of the lattor is some- 
 
224 
 
 what similar. The abdomen also, though somewhat like that 
 of the last-mentioned specios, and resembling it in the general 
 hue and pattern, yet differs constantly, in both sexes, in the far 
 less distinct dentated marginal band, and central series of 
 curved bars ; the former consists of a row of white blotches of 
 different sizes, and its continuance, by a white line round the 
 hinder extremity of tho abdomen, is interrupted by a small black 
 interval. The under side is black, without any white spots. 
 The abdomen of tho male is oblong, strongly constricted, or 
 strangulated round tho middle, but that of tho female is more of 
 tho usual oval form. The genital process is short, with a large 
 kidney-shapod, transverse aperture at its hinder extromity. This 
 portion of structure is of greater size and prominence than that 
 of L. clathrata. 
 
 Found on several occasions, in early summer, among heather, 
 growing on the overhanging ledges of gravel pits and banks on 
 Bloxworth Heath, and, in June, 1877, among coarse star grass 
 on tho sandhills near the sea at Studland. Its habits and snare 
 resemble those of L. clathrata. 
 
 LINYPHIA BUCCULENTA. 
 
 Ahanetjs BtroouLENTus, Clerck, Sv. Spindl. p. 63, pi. 4, Tab. 1. 
 Nemene teilineata, Blackio., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 279, 
 pi. xix., fig. 193. 
 
 Length of the male l-4th to l-5th of an inch. 
 
 The caput is not higher than tho thorax, though, when lookod 
 at in profile, thoro is a slight dip or hollow between them. The 
 colour of tho cephalo-thorax is yellow-brown, with black 
 margins, and often an indistinct, dusky band above them, and 
 also a central, longitudinal, black-brown band. The legs aro 
 long and moderately strong, as nearly as possible like the 
 cephalo-thorax in colour, and usually, but not always, annulated 
 with dark brown ; the spines are short, not very strong, but dis- 
 tinct. The palpi are tolerably long, tho cubital joint enlarges 
 gradually to its fore extremity, and has a long, black bristle at 
 
225 
 
 its extremity in front ; the radial joint is shorter, and smaller, 
 and has a conical prominence underneath, near its extremity, 
 with some long, black bristlos on its under and inner sides. The 
 digital joint is of great length, and of an elongate, somewhat 
 irregular, oval form, the outor side of the base having three 
 obtuse prominences ; the palpal organs are vory prominent and 
 complex, with various conspicuous processes. 
 
 The abdomen projects well over the base of the cephalo- 
 thorax, and is of a yellowish- white colour, frequently suffused with 
 a lively pinkish hue, and reticulated with fine dark lines. The 
 upper side is divided longitudinally by a black-brown band, 
 often somewhat dentated, and emitting fino lateral ramifications ; 
 and on each side is a longitudinal row of similarly coloured, and 
 often confluent spots ; the two rows converging abovo the 
 spinners. The sides are marked with several obliquo blackish 
 lines, and the under side is brown with some palo spots. 
 
 Varieties occur in which the abdomon has scarcoly any dark 
 markings, excepting an indistinct, longitudinal, central stripe. 
 
 The sexes are very similar in colours and markings, but, as 
 usual, the female is the larger. 
 
 An abundant species at Bloxworth, and in many other localities 
 in Dorsetshire, under stonos and logs, at the bottom of hodgorows, 
 among thick fern and heather, especially where there is much 
 dead dobris of the former years' growth. It is also found in 
 other parts of England and in Scotland. The usually distinct 
 markings, and its size, render this generally an easy spider to 
 distinguish, but in its vory young stagos it may easily be mis- 
 taken for Linyphia lutcola, Bl. 
 
 LINYPIIIA MONTANA. 
 
 Araneus montanus, Clerck., Sv. Spindl., p. 64, pi. 3, Tab. 1. 
 Linyphia marqinata, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 213, pi. xv., fig. 140. 
 
 The male measuros from l-4th to l-5th of an inch in length, 
 and is somotimes even a little larger. 
 
226 
 
 The profile line of the caput and thorax is nearly straight. 
 The ocular region is slightly prominent, as also is the lower side 
 of the clypeus. The colour of the cephalo-thorax is yellow- 
 brown, strongly suffused with a darker hue on the upper part of 
 the caput and on the sidos, and the sternum is noarly black. 
 The legs are long, rather slender, of a brownish-yellow colour, 
 annulated with blackish-brown ; the spines aro short, not very 
 strong, but tolerably numerous, and prominent. The palpi are 
 like the legs in colour, excepting the digital joint and palpal 
 organs, which are very dark. The radial and cubital joints are 
 short ; the former is much tho strongest, and has a rather compact 
 group of numerous long, black bristles on the outer side towards 
 the base in front. The digital joint is large, and the palpal 
 organs are very prominent and complex, with several strong pro- 
 cesses, and a spiral spine at their extremity, near which is also 
 some fringod membrane, like that connected with the palpal 
 organs of Linyphia clathrata, Sund. 
 
 The abdomen is of a yellowish, dull-brown hue, on the upper 
 side, which is enclosed by a border, near tho margin, of irregular 
 black spots and markings. The long-oval space enclosed, is 
 truncated by a line of white spots above the spinners, and is 
 more or less speckled with white, with a longitudinal series of 
 black, curved, angular bars, those on the fore part more or less 
 defective, and often altogether wanting. The sides are dull 
 yellow-brown, speckled with white, and marked, mostly forwards, 
 with black. The under side is nearly black, with four white 
 spots forming a large, central, quadrangular figure. 
 
 The female is lighter coloured and larger than the male. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to L. clathrata, but is larger, and 
 has a loss distinct pattern on the abdomen ; the legs also are 
 more uniformly annulated ; and whereas that species is never, so 
 far as I know, found on bushes, but only among low plants and 
 herbage near the ground, the present is most commonly met 
 with in such situations, where it spins tho most perfect snare 
 of its kind ; the snare consists of a horizontal sheet of finely 
 textured silken web, upheld by numerous tightly-strained, per- 
 
227 
 
 pendicular lines, fixed to the adjacent leaves and twigs, and 
 similarly braced down by other linos on the under side. There 
 are, besides, numerous irregular lines crossing and recrossing in 
 various directions, chiefly above; and the spider sits in an 
 inverted position beneath the horizontal sheet, awaiting the 
 entanglement of any passing insect in the upper maze of 
 insidious lines. It is a common spider at Bloxworth in thick 
 garden hedges, and shrubberies, and is very partial to fences 
 and bushes of yew, holly, box, or white thorn. It is also found 
 throughout the United Kingdom. 
 
 LINYPHIA TRIANGULARIS. 
 
 Araneus triangularis, Clorck., Sv. Spindl. p. 71, pi. 3, Tab. 2. 
 Linyphia Montana, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. p. 211, 
 pi. xv., fig. 138. 
 
 The length of the male is from l-4th to l-5th of an inch. 
 
 The profile of the caput and thorax is nearly straight, a slight 
 dip only occurring between them ; and the ocular region is a 
 little prominent, as also is the lower part of the clypeus. 
 
 The colour of the cophalo-thorax is yellow-brown with a 
 central, longitudinal, narrow, blackish band, furcate at its 
 anterior extremity, and a less dark and distinct one on each side 
 considerably above, but parallel to, the margin. The legs are 
 long, slender, of a brownish yellow colour, the femora tinged 
 with a greenish hue ; the spines are numerous and prominent 
 but not very long. The palpi are long, but similar in colour to the 
 legs. The radial joint is stronger than the cubital, and both are 
 short; the digital joint is small, and the palpal organs are 
 prominent and complex, with a fine spiral 6pino at their 
 extremity, surrounded by thin membrane. The falces (of the 
 male) are long and very divergent, their length varies in different 
 individuals, and probably increases with age ; in some examples 
 the development is excessive, exceeding the cephalo-thorax in 
 length, and giving the spider a most formidable appearance. 
 
 The abdomen (of the female) has, on the upper side, a broad, 
 
228 
 
 longitudinal, dentated, brown band, speckled with whito, and 
 the marginal prominences, or denticulations, blackish ; on the 
 hinder part of this band are, sometimes, several angular, whitish 
 bars in a longitudinal series ; the sides are yellowish-white, with 
 a strong, rather irregular, horizontal, black marking at the fore- 
 extremity, and two slightly oblique, black-brown stripes behind 
 it reaching from the band on the upper side, to the under side, 
 which is of a uniform, brown-black colour. Just above the 
 spinners is a large, black-brown, roundish patch, sometimes 
 semi-circular, and sometimos curvi-angular above, and enclosed 
 by a very distinct, yellowish-white, marginal border which does 
 not, however, encircle its lowox side. The sternum is 
 blackish-brown. 
 
 The abdomen of the male is of a narrow and somewhat 
 cylindrical form, and its markings are generally indistinct and 
 often imperfect. A clear whito and very distinct, transverse, 
 curved bar above the spinners represents the semi-circular border 
 of the black patch on that part of the abdomen of the female. 
 
 Although somewhat similar to Linyphia montana, Clerck., this 
 spider may be distinguished at once by its paler, clearer colour- 
 ing, the absence of annuli on the legs, and (the males) by tho 
 small digital joint and palpal organs, and the long divorgont 
 falces. 
 
 Universally distributed throughout the United Kingdom, 
 and generally abundant ; attaining the adult state in lato summer 
 and autumn. It spins a snare vory like that of L. montana, but 
 not quite so neat and perfect. 
 
 The sexes appear to live vory peaceably in the same web ; in 
 fact the webs of this species often run one into tho other, com- 
 pletely enveloping low bushes and plants, especially furze bushes 
 on heaths, downs, and open commons. Theso aro the snares 
 whichformsuchbeautifuland conspicuous objects, whonladen with 
 dew drops on a bright autumnal morning. On tho previous day 
 scarcely one may havo been observable; but a fine night is a busy 
 time with the spinners, and myriads of perfect snares are ready 
 to catch the dew by daybreak. 
 
229 
 
 LINYPHIA PELTATA. 
 
 Linyphia peltata, Wid., Mus. Senck., p. 250, Taf. xvii., fig. 7. 
 „ rubea, Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 217, 
 pi. xv., fig. 143. 
 
 The male moasures about l-8th of an inch in length. 
 
 Tho cephalo-thorax is of a yellowish-brown colour ; the caput 
 strongly tinged with a darker hue. The ocular rogion is slightly 
 prominent, but the caput is not raised above the thorax. The 
 legs are long, and slondor, and the spines are rather short and 
 fine. The palpi are short, and of tho same colour as the legs ', 
 tho radial joint is stronger than tho cubital, and each has a long, 
 strong bristle at the fore-extremity on tho uppor eido. Tho 
 digital joint is rather small, and the palpal organs are prominent 
 and complex, with various corneous processes. 
 
 The falces of the male are moderately long, tolerably strong, 
 and a little divergent. 
 
 Tho abdomen of the femalo is of the ordinary form, and has 
 on tho upper side a broad, dontated, slightly purplish-brown, 
 longitudinal, central, brown band ; one of the latoral indenta- 
 tions of this band (a little way behind tho middle) is much 
 deepor than the rest, some of which are often almost obsolete ; 
 the rest of the upper part, and che sides, are whito, with a broad, 
 rather irregular, lateral, longitudinal, brown band ; the 
 under side is brown, strongly tinged with j'ellow a little way in 
 front of tho genital aperture, and on each side of the hinder 
 extremity is a short, porpendicular, dark-brown, stoutish streak. 
 The central band on tho uppor sido frequently has a series of 
 whito, indistinctly angular, bars along the middle. 
 
 The abdomen of the malo is of a sub-cylindrical form, and is 
 gonerally darker than that of the femalo ; but its colours and 
 markings are similar, though the sides are almost covered by tho 
 longitudinal, lateral, brown stripe. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to the foregoing, but is much 
 smaller, and the male has not the highly developed falces of that 
 species, nor has tho cephalo-thorax any central furcated brown 
 
230 
 
 stripe ; though not rare on low bushes, and low growing plants 
 in woods and shubberies, it is by no means so abundant as L. 
 triangularis, Clerck. Its snare is like that of the Linyphice in 
 general. 
 
 Found in tolerable abundance at Bloxworth, and in many 
 other localities in Dorsetshire. It also occurs in other parts of 
 England, as well as in Scotland and Wales. The males may 
 frequently be found running about, on fine early-summer days, 
 on gravel paths, and in porches of houses, and verandahs. 
 
 LINYPHIA HORTENSIS. 
 
 Linyphia hoetensis, Sund., Sv. Spindl. Beskr. in. Vet. Akad.> 
 Hand!, f. 1829/ p. 213. 
 
 ,, peatensis, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 215, 
 pi. xv., fig. 141. 
 
 ,, albicincta. Camlr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8577. 
 
 The length of the male is about l-6th of an inch. 
 
 The caput rises gradually from the thorax, and the ocular 
 region is a little prominent. The cephalo-thorax is of a rich 
 dark yellow-brown colour, approaching to black on the caput, 
 and the falces and sternum are of the same dark hue. The 
 fakes of the males are strong, prominent at their base in front, 
 and covered in front and on their outer sides, with minute tuber- 
 cular granulations ; the legs are long, slender, and of an orange- 
 yellow colour, tinged with brown, and the spines are short and 
 fine. The legs of the female are much shorter and of a less 
 bright colour. The palpi are short and of a darker hue than 
 the legs, the digital joint and palpal organs being almost black ; 
 the radial joint is muoh stronger than the cubital, and has its 
 fore extremity on the upper side somewhat produced, with some 
 long slender bristles on the inner side, the cubital joint also is a 
 little gibbous at its fore extremity, rather on the outer side ; the 
 digital joint is of moderate size, and the palpal organs are rather 
 complex and prominent, with a spiral spine enveloped in mem- 
 brane at their extremity. 
 
231 
 
 The abdomen (of the female) is very glossy, and has on its 
 upper side a broad, strongly dentated, somewhat maroon-brbwn, 
 longitudinal, central band, broadly bordered with white. 
 The sides are also dark maroon-brown, and each has a 
 horizontal, white, irregular band ; the two bands generally 
 unite above the spinners, and usually also merge in that which 
 borders the central brown band on the upper side. The under 
 part is similar to the sides in colour. 
 
 The abdomen of the male is of a cylindrical form, and though, 
 in the immature state and for a short time after attaining 
 maturity, it nearly resembles that of the female in colours and 
 markings, it becomes very soon of a uniform, deep, maroon- 
 brown hue, with a bright white spot on each side near the 
 anterior extremity. 
 
 Immature males of this species were described (Zool., 1863) 
 under the name Linyphia allicincta, Cambr. 
 
 Found, but not very abundantly, in early summer, among 
 coarse herbage and low plants in open places in woods at Blox- 
 worth. It appears to be more common in somo other parts of 
 England and Wales, and has also been found in Scotland. 
 The abdomen of the female often reflects somewhat 
 metallic tints of violet and purple. It is nearly allied to Linyphia 
 peltata, Sund. ; but its larger size, darker hue, and the granulose 
 surface of the falces of the male will serve to distinguish it 
 readily. The adult males are not so easily met with as tho 
 females, appearing to lead, generally, a solitary and vagabond 
 life. 
 
 LINYPHIA PUSILLA. 
 
 Linyphia pt/siixa, Sund., Sv. Spindl. Beskr. in. Vet. Akad., 
 Handl., f. 1829, p. 214. 
 ,, fuliginea, Blacho., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p, 216, 
 pi. xv., fig. 142. 
 The male measures from l-5th to l-7th of an inch in length. 
 In form, general structure and colours this spider nearly re- 
 sembles Linyphia hortensis, Sund. ; it is, however, usually smaller ; 
 
and the male, •whose abdomen, both in form and colours, is strik- 
 ingly like that of the species last named, may be distinguished with 
 great ease by the structure of the palpal organs. These have a 
 long, filiform, black spine issuing from thoir extremity on the 
 inner side, and forming, on their outer side, a large, bold, 
 prominent, circular bend, which projects considerably beyond 
 them. 
 
 The abdomen of the female is yellowish-white on the upper 
 part and on a portion of the sides, with three longitudinal, more or 
 less irregularly dentated, dark, rich, slightly reddish-brown 
 bands, one along the middle, and another on each side. Those 
 on the side usually unite at their posterior extremities, and are 
 joined there by the central band. There is, however, consider- 
 able variety in the perfection, form, and strength of these 
 bands ; in some examples they are very strong, and usurp most 
 of the surface; in others they are quite narrow, and broken. 
 The remainder of the sides, and the under part, are of a uniform, 
 doop black-brown hue. 
 
 Found at Bloxworth, and in other localities in Dorsetshire, in 
 tolorablo abundance, among coarse grass and low plants in 
 meadows, and in open places in woods and plantations, in the 
 early summer time. It occurs also in othor parts of England, 
 as well as in North "Wales and Scotland. Its snare is similar to 
 that of its congeners. 
 
 GENUS EEO, C. L. Koch. THEEIDION, Bl., in part. 
 
 The remarkable little spider upon which this genus has boon 
 founded is included in the genus Theridion by Mr. Blackwall. It 
 has certainly some characters in common with Theridion ; but it 
 has also others, of a striking naturo, in common with the repre- 
 sentatives of two other genera — one South European ( Ctenophora, 
 BL), the other exotic (Galena, 0. L. Koch.) — differing, however, in 
 various respects from them both ; it is therefore here included 
 in Koch's genus Ero, of which it was, until recently, the only 
 known British representative. 
 
233 
 
 The oephalo-t/iorax is short ; the thorax is considerably higher 
 than the caput, and .slopes backwards very abruptly. 
 
 The eyes are as in Theridion — four in a central square, with a 
 pair (the eyes of which are contiguous to each other), at a little 
 distance, on each side of it, so that the eyes of the front row 
 are, as nearly as possible, equi-distant from each other. 
 
 The legs are moderately strong and spinous ; their relative 
 length is 1.2.4.3.; those of the first pair are considerably the 
 longest, and, with the second pair, are armed with a longitudinal 
 series «f long, strong, prominent, slightly curved spines on the 
 inner sides of the tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi, the intervals 
 between these long spines being fillod up with two or three 
 others, in the same series, but much shorter ; the posterior one 
 the shortest, and the rest gradually increasing in length. 
 
 The maxilla are moderately long, not very strong, pointed at 
 the extremity, very strongly inclined to the labium, over which 
 their extremities almost meet. 
 
 The labium is triangular. 
 
 The abdomen is of an almost globular form, with two or more 
 tubercular prominences on its upper side, and ornamented with 
 various conspicuous colours and markings. 
 
 ERO THORACICA. 
 
 Thekidium thoraciottm, Wid., Mus. Senck. Bd. 1, p. 218, Taf., 
 
 xiv., fig. 11. 
 Theridion variegatum, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 203, pi. xiv., fig. 134. 
 
 The longth of the male is about l-9th of an inch. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a pale yellow colour, sometimes 
 tinged with brownish ; it has a distinct marginal border of black, 
 with a short, longitudinal, central black line dilated near the 
 middle into a somewhat cruciform or arrow-headed marking, and 
 divided into two short branches just behind the eyes. Behind 
 each lateral pair of eyes is also a somewhat diamond-shaped, 
 black marking. Those markings are less perfect in some examples 
 than in others. 
 
234 
 
 The falees are rather long, and strongly tinged with brown. 
 The sternum yellow, variously marked with a black margin, or 
 with black spots and patches. The legs are similar in colour to the 
 cephalo-thorax, and distinctly annulated with dark yellow-brown. 
 The palpi are moderately long, slender, and like the legs in colour. 
 The radial joint is longer than the cubital, but has no projections 
 or apophyses. The digital joint is of moderate size ; its colour is 
 yellow-brown, with a rather long, dark red-brown, curved, 
 pointed, horn-like prominence at its base. The palpal organs are 
 prominent, and complex, and have, among some other conspicuous 
 processes, a filiform spine curved in a nearly circular form round 
 their inner side. 
 
 The abdomen is short, and excessively convex above ; it pro- 
 jects considerably over the base of the cephalo-thorax, and has 
 two small, roundish, tubereuliform prominences in atransverse line 
 a little in front of the middle of the upper side ; the fore side of 
 these tubercles is black, the hinder side yellowish-white. The 
 rest of the abdomen is variegated with black, red, yellow-brown, 
 and white, and its surface is furnished thickly with curved bristles 
 of a spinous nature. 
 
 This pretty little spider is not very rare at Bloxworth among 
 coarse grass and the debris of stems, sticks, and loaves in old 
 hedge-rows, plantations, and shrubborios, as well as among 
 heather and furze bushes. It occurs also in other parts of 
 Dorsetshire, as well as of England, generally ; and has been met 
 with in Scotland and "Wales. It constructs a beautiful little egg- 
 cocoon, of a pear, or miniature balloon shape attached by a 
 slender stalk to dead grass, stems, or bits of stick (sometimes to 
 gate posts, and in the corners of verandahs and porches) ; its 
 outer covering is a kind of coarse, irregular network of a dark, 
 reddish, yellow-brown colour, enclosing a fine silken bag, in which 
 the eggs, no more than six or eight in number, are loosely con- 
 tained, i.e., they are not gummed together as is the case with 
 the eggs of some other spiders. I have found Ero thoracica in the 
 adult state in early spring and throughout the summer. 
 
235 
 
 ERO TUBERCULATA. 
 
 Aranea tuberoulata; De. Geer., Mem. vii., p. 226, pi. 13, 
 
 fig. 1-9. 
 Ero atomaria, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn. Bd. xii, p. 106, Taf. 
 420, fig. 1033. 
 
 Length of the female 1 J lines. Male rather smaller. 
 
 Closely allied, and very similar, to Ero thoracica, C. L. Koch, 
 hut larger, and easily distinguished by having four sub-angular, 
 tubercular, prominences of a larger she on the abdomen ; two 
 of them (the largest) are situated one on each side of its highest 
 part, the other two are placed, one on each side of its posterior 
 declivity, not quite half way to the spinners. 
 
 Found on Bloxworth Heath in September, 1878; and pre- 
 viously received from "Wokingham, where it was found by the 
 Bev. C. W. Penny, of Wellington College. This is its first 
 record as a British spider. 
 
 PRINTED AT THE " JOURNAL " OFFICES, SOUTH ST., SHERBORNE. 
 
T4 EL mi 
 
 FAMILY EPEIEIDES. 
 
 HIS family includes a considerable assemblage of British 
 spiders, mostly of fair size, bright colours, and dis- 
 tinctive pattern. All of them spin snares of a more or 
 less perfect orbicular or wheel-shape, consisting of numerous 
 linos radiating from a centre and crossed by a spiral line at 
 regular intervals from the centre to the circumference ; a portion 
 of the spiral line is usually studded with minute globules of a 
 transparent, adhosivo substance exuded from the spinners and 
 intondod for the better entanglement of insects. 
 
 The Epiiirides may be characterized, generally speaking, as 
 possessing a cephalo-thorax longer than broad, and strongly 
 compressed, on the lateral margins, at the caput. The legs are 
 usually strong, and armed with spines, and in addition to three 
 terminal tarsal claws there aro several other strong spines near 
 the ends of the tarsi, on the under sido ; these additional spines 
 aro pectinatod, and used for the purpose of stretching a line by 
 pressure of the leg, just as the terminal claws are used for the 
 same purpose by hauling upon the line ; thoy also assist the 
 spidor in travorsing the lines of its wob. The palpi are 
 ordinarily short, with a largo digital joint; the palpal organs 
 consisting of a very complex congerios of spines and processes. 
 This, however, is subject to many exceptions, especially in the 
 genera, Meta, Tetragmtha, Zilla, and others (the latter mostly 
 exotic). 
 
 Tho abdomen is variously formed, cylindrical, oval, and sub- 
 
238 
 
 triangular ; the last very convex above and projecting a good deal 
 over the base of the cephalo-thorax. Its colours usually depend 
 on a pigment in the epidermis, and not on a coloured pubescence. 
 The eyes are sub-equal, not of large size, and are placed in 
 four pairs, often seated on tubercular prominences. Four form 
 a central square, or quadrangular figure, and on each side, 
 usually at some distance, is another pair in an obliquo line ; when 
 closer together they may be described as forming two transverse 
 rows. Thirty-two species of this family, belonging to seven 
 genera, are at present known as British ; of these, twenty-six 
 (representing all the genera) have been found in Dorsetshire, 
 and comprise several of our most abundant and best known 
 indigenous spiders. 
 
 GENUS META, C. L. Koch. EPEIEA, Bladen, in part. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax in this genus is considerably longer than 
 broad, and moderately constricted on the lateral margins of the 
 caput. 
 
 The eyes are on slight tubercles, in two transverse rows, ox 
 four pairs, and the interval between those of the hind-central pair 
 is only a little less than that between each and the hind-lateral 
 next to it. The eyes are, altogether, rather closely grouped ; the 
 fore and hind central pairs form very nearly a square, the fore 
 side being slightly the shortest. The maxillae are strong, rather 
 divergent, enlarged and rounded at their extremities, but not 
 very long, being about double the length of the labium, which 
 is short and rounded at its apex. 
 
 The legs are long (1.2.4.3.), moderately strong, and armed with 
 short and not very strong spines. 
 
 The palpi of the males are rather short, and the palpal organs 
 not very complex. 
 
 The abdomen is only slightly broader in front than behind, 
 being of a rather elongate-oval form, and scarcely perceptibly 
 angular at the shoulders, 
 
239 
 
 META SEGMENTATA. 
 
 Araneus seqmentatus, Clerck, Svensk. Spindl., p. 45, pi. ii., 
 tab. 6. 
 
 Epeira inolikata, Walck., Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 354, pi. xxvi., fig. 255. 
 „ menqii, Blaclcw., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hit. 4, ser. iv., 
 Dec, 1869. 
 
 The size of this very common spider varies considerably, the 
 males measuring from 1$ to 3^ lines in length, and the 
 females from 2J to 5 lines. The profile line of the cephalo- 
 thorax forms a tolerably even and regular curve, and the height 
 of the clypeus is less than half that of the facial space. Its 
 colour is pale yellow-brown ; the caput is dark blackish-brown on 
 the upper side, minus an oval patch on each side near the 
 occiput, and bisected longitudinally by a yellowish line. The 
 dark colouring is prolonged backwards, in a narrow band, 
 through the middle of the thorax ; the caput of the male being 
 less distinctly marked than that of the female. 
 
 The legs are similar in colour to the cephalo-thorax ; those of 
 the female (but not of the male) being more or less distinctly 
 annulated with brown. The first and second pairs, especially of 
 the male, are considerably longer than the rest, and the spines 
 on the legs of the latter sex are much stronger than on those of 
 the female. 
 
 The palpi of the male are short, the radial joint is a little 
 longer than the cubital, and has a very small apophysis at its 
 extremity in front. The form of the digital joint is very peculiar. 
 It has three portions, a rather elongated, slender, straight, and 
 hairy one on the outer side ; above it, towards the front, is 
 another shorter, stouter, shining, straight, and tapering to a 
 blackish point; the third, facing towards the inner side, is 
 the main portion, and is of an irregular, but still somewhat 
 elongate-oval shape. The palpal organs are tolerably prominent 
 but not very complex. 
 
240 
 
 The abdomen has the upper side almost covered by a longi- 
 tudinal, broad blackish-brown marking ; it is much the broadest 
 and roundish on the sides, at its fore extremity ; and then it 
 tapers gradually to the spinners, with black, sinuous, or rather 
 curvi-dentated, margins ; within this marking is a longitudinal 
 series of white transverse ones connected by a central band of 
 the same hue ; it is also otherwise more or less mottled with 
 white. The longitudinal series of white markings just mentioned 
 represents (and in some examples very distinctly) the dagger- 
 shaped pattern traceable, more or less clearly, on the abdomen of 
 most species of this and the next few genera ; in some examples, 
 however, it forms a series of decreasing white triangles. On 
 each side of the central tapering marking is a more or less 
 clearly denned, white, longitudinal, roughly dentated band. The 
 sides are brown, mottled with white, and the under side has a 
 broad, longitudinal, central, black-brown band margined distinctly, 
 but not broadly, with yellowish-white ; and there are two or three 
 distinct spots of the same colour, in a curved row, close on each 
 side of the base of the spinners. 
 
 The above abdominal pattern is exceedingly variable both in 
 the depth of its colouring and in the distinctness of its markings. 
 Some examples are brightly tinted in parts with red-brown, 
 yellow, and greenish. Males are sometimes darker but usually 
 less distinct in their markings than females, and their legs have 
 no dark annotations. 
 
 This is perhaps the most common and universally distributed 
 of all British spiders. There are two principal broods of the 
 adult form, one in spring and early summer, the other in late 
 summer and autumn. The former are very small compared to 
 the latter, and usually less richly marked. Mr. Blackwall has 
 described those of tho spring brood as a distinct species under 
 the name oi*JEpeira Mengii. I have, however, examined, and care- 
 fully compared numerous examples of both broods, and have 
 compared, them also with Mr. Blackwall's own types of JSpeira 
 Mengii, and can find no reliable specific difference whatever. 
 * Ann, and Mag. N. H. 4 Ser., iv., December, 1869. 
 
241 
 
 The constantly smaller size of the spring and early summer 
 examples (which are elaborated out of the hybernated young of the 
 preceding autumnal brood) is to be accounted for, as it appears to 
 me, by a great lack of food and sun heat, as compared with the 
 amount of both these necessary conditions, enjoyed by the 
 autumnal brood ; the latter having had the benefit ever since 
 they were hatched, in May and June, of the abundant insect-life 
 and summer heat of June, July, August, and September. 
 
 There is scarcely a conceivable situation, among herbage, 
 bushes, heather, &c, where Meta segmentata may not be found 
 abundantly. It is perhaps most plentiful among furze bushes 
 on heaths and commons. Their orbicular snares are invariably 
 extended at an inclination to tho plane of the earth. I have never 
 detected one extended perpendicularly. In the centre of the 
 snare is a vacant space where the spider sits with its legs 
 extended forwards and backwards, dropping as if dead on the 
 least disturbance I have more than onco seen one drop in this 
 way, not from fear, but upon an insect which it had espied on 
 the ground a little way below it, ascending again quickly with 
 its prize, by means of the Hues drawn from its spinners in the 
 doscent. 
 
 The webs of this spider are a beautiful object when covered 
 with millions of dewdrops on a bright early-autumn morning. 
 In some seasons the furze bushes on our Dorsetshire heaths are 
 completely covered by the snares of this and another equally 
 abundant spider, Linyphia triangularis, Clk. (p. 227). 
 
 META MERIANJE. 
 
 Meta Merian;e, Scojjoli, Ent. Cam. p. 395. 
 
 Epeira antriada, Wdloh., Blackw., Spid. Gt. Brit, and Ircl., p, 
 
 351, pi. xxvi., fig. 254. 
 Epeira celata, Blackw., I.e., p. 353, pi. xxvi., fig. 254. 
 
 Tho length of tho male is from 3 to 5 liues, and of the female 
 from 4 to 6^ linos. 
 
242 
 
 This spider is very closely allied to M. segmentata, but is both 
 larger and' much darker coloured. The general structure and 
 distribution of colours is very similar. The cephalo-thorax is 
 brownish-yellow, with black-brown margins, and traces, more or 
 less complete, of converging lines of the same colour on the sides 
 of the thorax, this caput is also black-brown, prolonged by a band 
 of the same huo to the hinder margin of the thorax, and with, 
 generally, two pairs of brownish-yellow spots or blotches bohind 
 the eyes. The falces are of a more or less uniform deep reddish- 
 brown colour ; the legs yellowish-brown, spotted and distinctly 
 annulated with black-brown. 
 
 The dark central longitudinal abdominal band is less distinctly 
 defined, and the whole of the upper part and sides of the 
 abdomen are spotted and marked with black and white ; but a 
 similar pattern to that of M. segmentata is usually traceable both 
 above and underneath. In front of the spinners, however, there 
 are often, in the female, two yellowish spots in a transverse line. 
 
 A very distinct variety is occasionally found, the abdomen of 
 which is dark blackish-brown mottled with yellowish-white, and 
 has a clearly defined, longitudinal, central, and, more or less 
 immaculate, yellow or yellowish- whito band running throughout. 
 This variety has been described by Mr. Blackwall as a distinct 
 species — Epeira celata, Bl. — but the structure of the palpi of the 
 male differs in no respect from that of those examples in which 
 the ordinary type of abdominal pattern exists. 
 
 The palpi are very similar in their general structure to those 
 of M. segmentata, but the middle one of tho three portions of the 
 digital joint is much larger, very prominent, and strongly curved ; 
 it tapers also, but its extreme point is truncated. There are 
 other differences in the palpal structure, but the one mentioned 
 is the most obvious, and sufficient to distinguish the males of 
 the two species at a glance. 
 
 This spider is found in the corners and windows of outhouses, 
 verandahs, and greenhouses ; also under overhanging banks and 
 rocks, and other damp dark situations, and its snare resembles that 
 
243 
 
 of Meta tegmentata. It is not an unfrequont spider at Bloxworth 
 and other localities in Dorsetshire, in such situations as those 
 ahove noted, and indeed it appears to be generally distributed 
 throughout Great Britain. 
 
 GENUS TETEA.GNATHA, Lair. 
 
 The eephalo-thorax is of an oblong-oval form, but wider in the 
 middle than elsewhere, and somewhat truncated at bothonds. The 
 lateral marginal constrictions at the caput are slight, the whole 
 is rather flattened, and the caput is but slightly raised above the 
 thorax. 
 
 The eyes aro small, and in two transverse rows, occupying 
 nearly the whole width of the caput. Four form very nearly a 
 square in tho centre, and those of each lateral pair are distinctly, 
 and often widely, separated from each other. 
 
 The legs are very long, slender, and armed with rather fino 
 spines; their relative length is 1.4.2.3, those of the first pair 
 being considerably the longest. 
 
 The maxilla are long, straight, and greatly enlarged on the 
 outer side at their extremities, giving them the appearance of 
 divergence. 
 
 The labium is of a somowhat semicircular or quadrate form, 
 rounded at the apex, but broadest at the base. 
 
 The falces are long and very divergent — especially in the males, 
 and diversely armed with a very long fang, numerous teeth and 
 other denticular processes. 
 
 The palpi of the male have tho digital joint split (as it were) 
 into two elongate portions ; the palpal organs are very simple, 
 consisting of a basal bulb more or less prolongod at the anterior 
 extremity, which often has one or more fine spines. 
 
 The abdomen is of a narrow, elongate or cylindrical form. 
 
 One species only is yet known in Britain, and that is an 
 abundant and generally distributed one in Dorsetshire. 
 
244 
 
 TETKAGNATHA EXTENSA. 
 
 Tetkaonatiia extexsa, Linn., Blackw., Spid. Qt. Brit, and 
 Irel. p. 367, pi. xxviii., fig. 262. 
 
 This spider is vory variable in size. The male measures from 
 2 to 4 linos in length, and the female from 4 to 5J lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a yellowish-brown colour, immature 
 examines having frequently, and some adults occasionally, 
 a central longitudinal dark band, broad behind 
 the eyes and narrowing to the hinder extremity 
 with a dark band also on tho lateral margins. The two rows of 
 eyes are nearly parallel, and the intervals betwoen those of each row 
 do not differ greatly. The logs aro of a clearer and lighter colour 
 than the cephalo-thorax, but in immature oxamples they are 
 frequently annulated with dusky blackish, brown ; the length of 
 the first and fourth pairs is excessive in the males. The palpi are 
 rather long and slender ; the radial joint is considerably longer 
 than the cubital, both being of a clavate form ; of the two parts 
 into which the digital joint is divided, the uppor one is much 
 the smallest, and has a rather strong, obtusely pointed 
 prominence on its inner side; the palpal organs are simple, 
 but have two curved spines at their extremity. The falces are 
 strongly porrected, and widely divergent; in the males their length 
 equals that of tho cephalo-thorax. Of the teeth on thoir innor 
 sides, one near the middle is by far the longest and strongest ; 
 and near their fore extremity on the outer side is a strong, slightly 
 curved, tooth-like process, with generally a small prominence 
 near its rather bent termination, giving it a somewhat bifid 
 appearance ; in some oxamples the bifid termination is very dis- 
 tinctly forked or Y-shaped ; this process is wanting in tho female. 
 
 The narrow, elongated, cylindrical abdomen (which, however, in 
 some dark-coloured examples is considerably elevated or humped 
 towards the fore part on the uppor side, especiallyin females) varies 
 greatly in the depth of its colours, and in the distinctness of its 
 markings; its hues are greenish, brown, red-brown, silvery 
 yellowish, white and black; the upper side often hus a 
 
245 
 
 tolerably distinct, broad, longitudinal, brownish green, or 
 brownish yellow band, whose margins are somewhat dentated, 
 and darker than the rest, with occasionally a brown or black 
 marking here and there ; along the middle of this band runs a 
 pale, brown narrow stripe, emitting a strong, oblique, lateral 
 one on each side near its fore extremity, and various finer and 
 much shorter ones betwoen that and the under part of the 
 abdomen. On each side of the central band is another broadish 
 one of a silvery yellow ; below this on each side is a brown band, 
 then a silvery longitudinal stripe, forming a lateral margin to 
 the under side, which is of a brown hue. 
 
 The male is loss distinctly marked than the female, and usually 
 paler coloured. 
 
 Although so variable in colours, this species cannot be mistaken 
 for any other known British spider, there being, as yet known, 
 nothing like it to be found spinning an orbicular snare. 
 
 Its favourite haunts are ditches, brooks, and other damp places, 
 overgrown with bushes and rank herbage, among which it con- 
 structs its web. This is of slender texture, and has a void place 
 in the centre ; its usual position when at rest is with the first and 
 second pairs of legs stretched out forwards in a straight line, the 
 third pair ofton at right angles to the body, and the fourth pair 
 in straight lino backwards. This position, probably, gave rise to 
 its specific name, externa — " stretched out." 
 
 It may be found in the adult state throughout the summer, 
 from the months of May and June, and it is an abundant spider 
 throughout Great Britain. 
 
 GENUS CYCLOSA, Menqe. CYETOPHOEA, Sim., Camor. . 
 and EPEIBA, Blachv., in part. 
 
 Tho spiders of this genus may be easily distinguished by the 
 form of the hinder part of the abdomen ; this is always more 
 or less elongated, sometimes into one, at other times into two or 
 more prominences, which frequently have a somewhat tuber- 
 cubforin appearance. 
 
246 
 
 The form of the thorax is round-oval, the caput is rather 
 elongated, slightly prominent at the eyes, and the lateral 
 marginal constrictions are strong. 
 
 The eyes of the two central pairs form a small quadrate figure 
 rather longer than broad, and those of each lateral pair are con- 
 tiguous to each other, and not very far removed from the central 
 four. 
 
 The legs are neither very long nor strong ; the differ ence in 
 their length is not great, and the spines are very slender. 
 
 The palpi are short, the digital joint and palpal organs of very 
 large size, and the latter very complex. 
 
 The maxilla; are short, strong, bent strongly downwards, and 
 towards the labium, which is short and somewhat pointed at the 
 apex. 
 
 The abdomen is produced behind into one or more somewhat 
 tuberculiform protuberances. 
 
 One species only of this genus is at present known in Britain ; 
 it is found, but not abundantly, in various wooded parts 
 of Dorsetshire, as well as in other parts of Great Britain. 
 
 CYCLOSA CONICA. 
 
 Aranea conica, Pallas., Spicil. Zool. I., 9, p. 48, Tab. I., fig. 16. 
 Cyrtoi>iiora conica, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx., p. 329. 
 Efeira conica, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 362, pi. 
 
 xxvii., fig. 261. 
 Cyclosa conica, Menge., Preuss. Spinn. I., p. 74, pi. xii., tab. 18 ; 
 Simon, Arachn. de France, torn 1, p. 38. 
 
 The length of the male is l-5th of an inch, and of the female 
 l-4th. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is a dark blackish-brown 
 very thinly covered with grey hairs. The legs are brownish- 
 yellow, annulated with dark-brown ; the anterior portion of 
 those of the first and second pairs being black-brown ; and their 
 relative length is 1.4.2.3. The palpi of the male are very short 
 the palpal organs enormously developed and complex, with a 
 
247 
 
 strong 1 , but short, and rathor hook-tipped process near their 
 extremity on the outer side. Tho sternum is black-brown. The 
 abdomen (of the female) is large and projects strongly over the 
 baso of the cephalo-thorax ; at its hinder extremity on the upper 
 side is a strong, sub-conical protuberance, which, although of no 
 groat length (though it varies a little in different examples) gives 
 the spider (especially when seen sideways) a very peculiar appear- 
 ance (pi. iv., fig. 6a). A broad, irregular, somewhat dentated band 
 extends along the middle of the upper side of the abdomen to 
 the end of the protuberance, and is of a dark-brown or blackish 
 colour, greatly interrupted in the middle, and marked variously 
 with white. The sides are yellowish white, marked with dark 
 streaks and markings, and often suffused with a red-brown hue. 
 The under side is black, with four white markings forming a 
 square, towards the fore part. The posterior markings are by 
 far the largest, and each is generally confluent with the smaller 
 one in front of it, forming together a very characteristic angular 
 marking. 
 
 The abdomen of the male is smaller and the protuberance is 
 less strong, but in colours and pattern it nearly resembles that of 
 the female. 
 
 The snare of Cyclosa conica (pi. iv. fig. 6) is exceedingly 
 perfect and beautiful in its closely woven and geometric regularity 
 and is (I believe always) placed perpendicularly to the plane of 
 the earth among the leaves and smaller branches of shrubs and 
 trees, generally in shady and sheltered positions. It has a 
 habit (noticed in Ann. and Mag. N.H. Ser. 5. Vol. 1878, p. 121\ 
 of covering two of the radii near the middle of the snare where it 
 sits, with an adhesive flocculus, designed no doubt to assist in the 
 entanglement of its prey, the remains of which, after having been 
 seized and the juices sucked out, often remain attached to the 
 flocculus, together with small particles of various other sub- 
 stances ; hence the idea of Lister, and others, that this spider pur- 
 posely attaches the bodies of insects after their capture to these 
 two radii (pi. iv. fig. 6 a.a). The male may generally be found 
 sitting in a snare separate from that of the female, and no doubt 
 
248 
 
 of its own making, which, as M. Simon remarks (Arachn. de 
 Franco torn. 1, p. 37), is unusual among spiders of this family. 
 
 This spidor is not rare in shrubberies and woods at Bloxworth, 
 and other parts of Dorsetshire, becoming adult in Juno and July. 
 It is also found in many other parts of Great Britain. 
 
 GENUS SINGA, C. L. Koch. EPEIEA, BUclw. in part. 
 
 In this genus the thorax is oval, and the caput is rathor long 
 and more regularly convex than in Cyclosa ; the lateral marginal 
 constrictions are moderate. The legs are moderately strong, hut 
 not very long, their relative length varies, 1.2.4.3. or 1.4.2.3., 
 and their spines are rather weak. 
 
 The maxillfo and lahium do not differ greatly from those of 
 Cyclosa, hut the abdomen differs materially, being of a rathor 
 depressed oval form, equal in breadth, roundness, and convexity 
 at both extremities; the hinder part projects beyond and over 
 the spinners, but has no protuberance like that of Cyclosa. Six 
 impressod sj>ots in a longitudinal series of throe pairs, are always 
 visible on the middle of the upper side. The eyes are very 
 similar in position to those of Cyclosa. 
 
 The spiders of this genus are small, but all prettily, and often 
 vividly, coloured. They are found upon low plants, such as 
 heather and rushes, among which their orbicular snares are 
 spun ; a small tubular silken retreat, in which they lie concealed, 
 being found close at hand. 
 
 Four species are at present known to be British, and all of 
 them have been found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 SINGA HAMATA. 
 
 Araneus hamatus, Cierc/c, Sv., Spindl., p. 51, pi. iii., tab. 4. 
 Singa hamata, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx., p. 329. 
 Epeika tubulosa, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 364, 
 pi. xxvii., fig. 262. 
 
 The male is about 2 lines in length, and the female is rather 
 largor. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a deep black-brown colour ; tho 
 falces, maxillae, and labium tinged with red. The legs are 
 
249 
 
 brownish-yellow, with rather indistinct reddish-brown annula- 
 tions at the joints. The palpi (of the male) are short ; the 
 cubital and radial joints are very short, and have some long, 
 strong, curved bristles in front. The digital joint is large and 
 of a dark-brown colour ; the palpal organs are very prominent, 
 and complex. The abdomen is rather oblong-oval, and projects 
 considerably over the base of the cephalo-thorax. The upper 
 part is of a deep, rich, black-brown colour, margined with 
 yellowish- white; the central portion is much paler, and often of a 
 reddish hue ; a yellowish-white tapering stripe runs through the 
 upper side from end to end, and emits several finer lateral 
 branches ; in some examples these white branch stripes prevail 
 on the middle portion, which then assumes the appearance of a 
 large whitish area with some transverse, reddish-brown bars or 
 lines. The sides are yellowish- white, with brown markings, among 
 which are several oblique brown streaks ; and the under side is 
 black-brown, with narrow, yellowish, lateral margins. 
 
 The abdomen of the male is less brightly and distinctly marked 
 than that of the female. The eyes of the hind-central pair are 
 nearer together than those of the fore-central, being in fact 
 almost contiguous to each other. 
 
 Found, though rarely, at Bloxworth and in the neighbourhood, 
 among rushes, in damp and marshy places on heaths and com- 
 mons, in the months of May, June, and July. I have also 
 received it from other parts of England, and have met with it 
 near Lyndhurst, Hants ; but it appears to be very local, and 
 nowhere abundant. 
 
 SINGA PYGMiEA. 
 
 Theeidittm pygxugum, Sund., Sv. Spindl., Beskr. in Vet-Akad., 
 
 Handl , f. 1879, p. 121 (in part ). 
 Epeira herii, Blachv., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. pi. xxvii. 
 
 fig. 264 (exclude description at p. 366). 
 Epeira antiiracina, Blackw., 1. c, p. 357, pi. xxvi., fig. 257. 
 
 The length of the male is from l-10th to l-8th of an inch, 
 and the female is rather larger. 
 
250 
 
 This spider is smaller than Singa hamata, Clk., and though resem- 
 bling it in general form and structure, may be easily distinguished 
 by the very different colours and pattern of the abdomen. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is deep brown. The legs are short and of 
 a bright roddish or orange-yellow colour in the female, without 
 any markings. The abdomen is shorter, and more convex above 
 than that of Singa hamata ; it is of a deep, slightly brownish- 
 black colour, and has three longitudinal, yellow, reddish- 
 yellow, or yellowish-white stripes on the upper side ; the central 
 stripe usually tapers to the spinners, the other two (which divide 
 the sides from the upper part) are narrower, but of a more 
 uniform width ; the under side has also two narrow, longitudinal, 
 marginal stripes of the same colour. There is some variation in 
 the strength and continuity of these stripes, some of them being 
 almost obsolete in some examples, most commonly in the adult 
 males. The Epeira anthracina of Blackwall is a variety in which 
 no trace of markings exists on tho abdomen. 
 
 The spines on the tibice of the first pair of legs of the male 
 are long but slender ; and the fore-extremities of the femora of 
 the first pair are often darkish-brown. The palpi are short ; 
 the cubital joint has at its rather prominent extremity, on the 
 upper side, two long, strong, curved bristles directed forwards ; 
 the digital joint is large, and has a curved process at its base, 
 the point of which is directed outwards. The palpal organs are 
 of large size, prominent and complex, with a curved black spine 
 at their extremity. 
 
 This spider is not rare among heather on Bloxworth Heath, 
 and in other similar localities in tho neighbourhood, becoming 
 adult in June and July. I have also found it near Lyndhurst, 
 and near Oxford; and have received it from Scotland. 
 
 Examples (found by myself) both of this and of the next 
 species were before Mr. Blackwall when he described Epeira 
 Herii (1. c. supra) ; his description, however, appears to have been 
 made from one of the next species — Singa sanguinea, C. L. Koch. 
 — while the figures were drawn from specimens of S. pygmosa 
 Sund, There is no doubt about this inasmuch as the examples 
 
251 
 
 figured from were furnished to the artist by myself. I was at 
 that time ignorant of the distinction between the two species. 
 
 SING A SANGUINE A. 
 
 Singa sanouinea, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn., xi., p. 154, Tab. 
 
 393, fig. 950. 
 Epeiex heeii, Blackw., Spid. Gt. Brit, and Irel., p. 366 (exclude 
 fig. 264, pi. xxvii.). 
 
 The length of the male is very nearly l-6th of an inch, and 
 the female is somewhat larger. 
 
 This spider is very nearly allied to Shiga pygmcea Sund.; the 
 whole of the dark colouring is, however, of a yellower hue. The 
 oephalo-thorax is of a reddish yellow-brown colour ; the legs 
 yellow, the femora of the first pair of those of the male, and a 
 portion of the sann part of the second pair, are of a blackish 
 hue, and the abdomen is of a dark reddish yellow-brown above, 
 and blackish underneath, ornamented with five yellowish white 
 longitudinal stripes of the same nature, and in the same position 
 (three above and two underneath) as those of S. pygmaa. 
 In the male a strong, spine-like, tapering bristle 
 issues from the fore extremity, on the upper side, of 
 the genual joints of the first pair of legs. The palpi of the 
 male are short, and each of the cubital and radial joints have, 
 a long, strong, curved bristle in front, directed forwards. The 
 digital joint is large, of a dark brown colour, and has a strong, 
 obtusely-pointed, curved process, directed outwards at its base. 
 The palpal organs are of large size, very prominent and 
 complex, with a strong, slightly curved, pointed process, directed 
 prominently downwards, and rather outwards, on the outer side 
 towards their extremity, where there is also a curved black 
 spine. 
 
 Found, but very rarely, among heather on Bloxworth Heath. 
 I have also found it on Lyndhurst Heath, Hampshire, and have 
 received examples from Wokingham, where they were found by 
 
252 
 
 the Rev. C. W. Penny, of Wellington College. It is adult in 
 the months of June and July. 
 
 SING A ALBOVITTATA. 
 
 Singa albovittata, Westr., Aran. Suec, p. 59. 
 Epeiha calva, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 365, pi. 
 xxvii., fig. 263. 
 
 The length of the male is l-8th of an inch, and the female is 
 rather larger. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a more or less dark, yellow-brown 
 colour, the caput being the palest, and from a little distanco 
 behind tho eyes an elongate white patch, or short band, runs back- 
 wards. The legs are of moderate length, and of a pale brownish- 
 yellow hue ; the fore part of the femora of the first and second 
 pairs of the male are blackish. The palpi of tho male are short, 
 the cubital joint has two very long, strong, curved bristles 
 directed forwards, and rather outwards, from its extremity in 
 front ; the digital joint has a glossy, curved process at its base 
 directed outwards ; and tho palpal organs are large, veiy promin- 
 ent, and complex. The abdomen is of a short-oval form and 
 projects greatly over tho base of the cephalo-thorax, giving the 
 spider a very short and dumpy appearance ; the upper side is of 
 a slightly reddish yellow-brown colour, often mottled with 
 whitish, and margined with a somewhat dentated, yellowish or 
 cream white band, slightly interrupted on each side towards the 
 hinder part, where it cuts off the upper side transversely in a 
 truncate fashion ; there is also a broader, central, longitudinal, 
 dentated, cream-white band, truncatod at its hinder extremity, 
 between which and the marginal border there is sometimes a 
 white spot. The sides are yellow-brown, and the under side is 
 dark, blackish-brown, with a lateral, marginal, yellowish-white 
 border, which is continued round above tho spinners and close to 
 t heir base. The abdomen of the male is darker than that of the 
 female, but the pattern is very similar. A rather characteristic 
 portion of the pattern on the abdomen of the foniale consists of 
 
253 
 
 four deep red-brown or blackish spots, forming a large quad- 
 rangular figure which encloses almost all of the upper side. 
 These spots are placed close to the inner edge of the marginal 
 white border ; but upon the dark part of the upper side. 
 
 This is a rare spider in Dorsetshire, but I have occasionally 
 found it among heather on Bloxworth Heath, in the months of 
 June and July. I have also met with it near Lyndhurst, and 
 it has been sent to me from several parts of Scotland. 
 
 GENUS CERCIDIA, Thorell. EPEIRA, Blackw. in part. 
 
 In Cercidia the cephalo-thorax is rather longer, less convex 
 above, and narrower behind than that of Singa. The oyos are 
 very similar in their position, to those of that genus, excepting that 
 the ocular region is more prominent, the hinder row of oyos more 
 strongly curved, and the anterior one nearly straight. The legs 
 are rather short, tolerably strong, and their relative length is 
 4.1.2.3. The spines are short and slender. The palpi are very 
 short, the digital joint large, the palpal organs of great size and 
 moderately complex. The abdomen is rather depressed, and of 
 a narrow oval form, slightly pointed in front, and projecting 
 considerably over the base of the cephalo-thorax ; its uppor 
 integument is glossy and of a stout, leathery, or coriaceous nature. 
 
 One species only has been yet described as British, and that 
 one has been found in Dorsetshire, as well as in other parts of 
 England, and in Scotland. 
 
 CERCIDIA PROMINENS. 
 
 Sinoa proMinens, Westr., Aran. Suoc., p. 63, 
 
 Epeira bella, Meade., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit., p. 343, pi. xxv., 
 fig. 248. 
 
 The length of the male is 2 lines, and the femalo is a little 
 larger. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a brownish-red colour, tinged with 
 yellow ; the sides have a broad, dark, red-brown, longitudinal 
 band near the lateral margins, and there is a strong furcate 
 
254 
 
 marking, or bifid stripe, of the same colour in the medial line, 
 the prongs of the furcate portion are directed forwards, but ter- 
 minate before they roach the ocular area. The eyes of the 
 two central pairs foi-m nearly a square, the fore side boing rather 
 the shortest ; and the anterior row is very much shorter than the 
 posterior. The legs are pale reddish yellow-brown, annulated 
 with brownish-red ; the greater part of the femora of the first 
 and second pairs being dark reddish-brown in the males, but 
 paler and redder in the females. The radial and cubital joints 
 of the palpi (the former of which is produced on the outer side) 
 have each of them two, long, curved bristles directed forwards 
 from their extremity in front; the digital joint is large, and has 
 a curved process at its base, the extremity of the process being trun- 
 cated, notched, and directed outwards. The palpal organs have somo 
 strong processes connected with them, one of which terminates 
 in a strong, pointed spine directed prominently outwards. 
 
 The abdomen has the upper cuticle of a coriaceous, some- 
 what punctuose nature, and round tho anterior margin of the 
 upper side is a single row of seven strongish spines, issuing from 
 small tubercular prominences, and directed forwards ; it is of a 
 reddish yellow-brown colour, mottled with a paler hue, and 
 along the central line of tho upper side is a, more or 
 less, well-defined yellowish (sometimes orange-coloured) 
 tapering band; this band has a dusky line down the middle, 
 emitting fine, irregular, lateral branches, and in some examples 
 it is somewhat curvi-dentate on its margins. In some specimens 
 of the female there is, on the hinder half of the upper side, a 
 series of tolerably distinct, transverse, dark, red-brown, slightly 
 sinuous lines, with an obscure spot of the same hue a little way 
 from its termination on each side. The under side is deep red- 
 brown, bordered laterally with a yellowish band. 
 
 The males have the abdomen, at times, of a very dark colour, 
 the central band being very clear, and the only marking then 
 visible. The lateral bands on the cephalo-thorax are much less 
 distinct in some examples than in others, being at times almost 
 imperceptible. 
 
255 
 
 This is a rare spider, but it is found occasionally in the months 
 of May, June and July, among low plants and herbage of 
 different kinds, in open places in woods at Bloxworth, and in 
 the neighbourhood. I have received it from Berwickshire! 
 and have found it at Drayton Beauchamp, near Tring, as well 
 as near Oxford. Mr. Meade (of Bradford, Yorkshire) has also 
 met with it at Newton Purcell, Oxfordshire. 
 
 GENUS ZILLA, C. L. Koch. EPEIRA, Blackw. in part. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of Zilla does not differ much from that of 
 Cfrcidia in its form, though it is perhaps rather broader behind. 
 The anterior row of eyes is about equal in its curve with the 
 posterior row, and the ocular area is but slightly prominent in 
 front. The legs are tolerably long, not very strong, and their 
 relative length is 1.2.4.3., those of the first pair being consider- 
 ably the longest, especially in the males. The maxillae are very 
 short, broadest and rounded at their extremities, and the labium 
 is semi-circular. The palpi of the male vary groatly in length 
 in different spocies ; the digital joint is not generally large, nor 
 the palpal organs very large or complex. The abdomen is of a 
 regular oval form, but somewhat flattish on the upper side, and 
 projects well over the base of the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 Two species only have as yet been recorded as British, and 
 both of them are abundant in Dorsetshire. The spiders of this 
 genus form a tubular silken retroat near their orbicular snare. 
 
 ZILLA X-NOTATA. 
 
 Aeaneus liteka-x-notatus, Clcrck., Sv. SpindL p. 46, pi. ii., 
 
 tab. 5. 
 Epeira similis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 337, pi. 
 xxv., fig. 244. 
 This spider varies considerably in size. The male measures 
 from \\ to 2\ lines, and the female from 3J to 4f lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is yellowish, strongly margined with black, 
 the greater part of the caput suffused, more or less deeply, with 
 
256 
 
 brownish-black, which is often continued backwards in a taper, 
 ing band on the thorax. The legs are of the same colour as the 
 cephalo-thoiax, slightly marked or spotted with blackish — more 
 distinctly in immature than in adult examples. The palpi of the 
 malo are short ; the cubital joint has a long, tapering bristle in 
 front, and the radial (which is stronger, but slightly, if at all, 
 longer than the cubital) has some hairs and bristles in front ; 
 the digital joint is of modorate size, of a regular, but short, oval 
 form, and the palpal organs are neither very prominent nor par- 
 ticularly complex ; at their extremity is a curved black spine. The 
 sternum is blackish-brown, with a central, wedge-shaped, yellow- 
 brown marking, whose point is directed backwards. The 
 abdomen is of a regular oval form, somewhat flattened or 
 depressed on the upper side, where the greater part is occupied 
 by a large leaf-like marking, traced by a sinuous, black, marginal 
 line, and its broadest end in front ; on each side of the fore- 
 extremity of the leaf is a largish, black, and, at times, rather 
 diffused patch, the rest of it is sometimes of a uniform silvery 
 white hue, with a central, branching, dusky line ; at other times 
 it is (particularly in males) more or less marked and speckled 
 with black, but leaving the middle of the fore part immaculate. 
 The sides and under side are dull silvery, tinged with yellowish, 
 and sometimes marked and speckled slightly with black — the 
 under side has a longitudinal, central, black-brown band, with a 
 yellowish-white marginal stripe on each side resolved into two 
 spots on either side of the base of the spinners. 
 
 This spider is a very abundant one in most parts of England, 
 especially in tho south, and also in Scotland. Its habitat is in 
 the outdoor angles of buildings, and windows (both inside and 
 out), under coping stones of walls, and in tho sheltered corners 
 of woodden palings and other fences, as well as in verandahs and 
 greenhouses. When very young it is nearly black, with a 
 distinctly defined, yellow bifid marking on the fore part of the 
 abdomen. Though common everywhere, I have generally found 
 it most common at Weymouth. It is adult in summer and 
 throughout the early autumnal months. 
 
257 
 ZILLA ATRICA. 
 
 Buoharia atbioa, C. L. Koeh., Die Arachn., Bd. xii., p. 103, 
 
 tab. 419, fig. 1030, 1031. 
 Epeira oalofhylla, Blackw., 8pid. Great Brit, and Irel, p. 338, 
 
 pi. xxv., fig. 245. 
 Zilla oalophylla, C. L. Koch., I.e., p. 148, tab. 216, fig. 538, 
 539. 
 The length of the male varies from 2 to 2 J lines ; and of the 
 female from 3 to 4 lines. 
 
 This spider is very closely allied to Zilla X-notata ; some 
 examples of the female being often very difficult to distinguish 
 from females of that species. There are, however, differences of 
 coloration by which the two species may generally be dis- 
 tinguished, while the males are so strikingly dissimilar in the 
 form and structure of the palpi that they may bo separated at a 
 glance. 
 
 The general appearanco and distribution of colours (or pattern) 
 is as nearly as possible like that of Zilla X-notata, Clerck, but Zilla 
 atrica is usually of a brighter yellow hue on the sides of tho 
 abdomon, which are also commonly more or less strongly tinged 
 with red. The two black patches also (one on each side of the 
 fore extremity of the leaf-shaped marking of the abdomen) are in 
 Zilla atrica generally of a deep red-brown colour. The palpi of the 
 male, instead of being short, as in Zilla X-notata, are very long ; 
 the cubital joint is rather long, bent downwards, and of a clavate 
 form ; the radial joint is inordinately long, at least double the 
 length of the cubital, slightly bent or curved, and has a very 
 small notched prominence at its extremity on the outer side ; it 
 is also furnished with numerous erect bristly hairs on all sides. 
 The digital joint is rather small, of a regular, but short, oval 
 form, and about half the length of the radial joint. The palpal 
 organs are moderately prominent and complex, with a 6trong 
 bifid process projecting outwards from their base, and a curved 
 black Bpine at their extremity. 
 
258 
 
 This handsome spider is ahundant, in the adult state, in early 
 autumn on furze hushes on Bloxworth Heath, as well as on low 
 shruhs and bushes in plantations, but I have never yet found it 
 in such positions as those given above for Zilla X-notata. Mr. 
 Blackwall mentions " buildings and crevices in rocks and walls " 
 among tho haunts of Zilla atrica. I have never, however, found 
 it in any locality in England in such a position, and I cannot help 
 thinking that Mr. Blackwall may perhaps have occasionally 
 mistaken Zilla X-notata for the present spider. 
 
 I have received this species from various parts of England and 
 Scotland. 
 
 GENUS EPEIEA, Walch EPEIEA, Blaehw., in part. 
 
 The genus Epeira comprises a considerable number of orbicular- 
 snare -spinning spiders, in fact by far the greater part of those which 
 are at present known to inhabit Great Britain. They may be 
 distinguished, for the most part, from the genera of the Family 
 Epeirides, hitherto characterised, by their longer, stronger legs, 
 tho spines on which are also stronger, especially those on the tibiae 
 of the second pair in the males. The three groups of eyes also are, 
 usually, more widely separated from each other, and the abdomen 
 of the more typical species is broader and more convex at the 
 anterior extremity than at the hinder part, being of a some- 
 what sub-triangular form, and often angularly prominent on each 
 side of the fore part. 
 
 The thoracic region is usually round-oval, and the caput 
 generally rather long, broadish, but somewhat depressed in 
 front, and strongly constricted on the lateral margins. The 
 ocular region is prominont, and tho ctypeus very low. The 
 maxillse and labium are like those of Singa. The palpi of the 
 male are very short, and the palpal organs very prominent and 
 complex. 
 
 Twenty-two species have hitherto been recorded in Great 
 Britain, and, of these, sixteen have been found in Dorsetshire, 
 including some of our largest, most abundant and handsomest 
 spiders. 
 
259 
 
 EPEI11A CUCUHBITINA. 
 
 EPBiiti. OTJCTODiTiNA, CUrek., Black*., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irol., p. 342, pi. xxv., fig. 247. 
 
 The length of the male is about l-5th of an inch, and the 
 female is rather larger. 
 
 This spider cannot well be mistaken for any other British 
 species excepting the next (Epeira Westringii, Thor). 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a pale reddish-brown colour, marked 
 (in the male) with a longitudinal, lateral, dark blackish band along 
 each side. The legs of the female are similar to the cephalo- 
 thorax in colour, and immaculate, while those of the male are 
 annulated with black at the articulations, the extremity of the 
 first, second, and fourth pairs being brightish red. The palpi 
 are very short. Tho cubital joint is prominent at its extremity 
 in front, where there are two, long, curvedbristles, as wellas one leas 
 strong at the base. The radial joint is stronger than the cubital 
 and very much enlarged and prominent on the outer side ; the 
 digital joint is large, and has at its base a curved process, whose 
 extremity, directed outwards, is glossy, and in the form of a knob. 
 The palpal organs are of large size, prominent and complex. 
 
 The abdomen is oval and projects considerably over the base 
 of the cephalo-thorax ; it is of a clear bright apple-green colour, 
 somewhat varied, or shaded, with white on the upper side, where 
 there is, occasionally, a narrow whitish marginal band and a 
 fairly defined, longitudinal, somewhat dagger-shaped, whitish- 
 bordered marking, whose acute point is directed backwards, and 
 two curved, longitudinal, widely separated rows of small black 
 spots, not exceeding five or six in each row, besides the ordinary 
 four in a quadrangle near the middle. The hinder extremity of 
 the abdomen is marked with a conspicuous bright red spot or 
 blotch. The under part has two indistinct, yellowish red-brown, 
 longitudinal, diffused lines— one on each side; and several 
 white spots in the form of a horse-shoe (the open part of which 
 is in front) encircle the spinners. 
 
260 
 
 This spider is perhaps the prettiest of all our British species, 
 and its bright green abdomen with a red blotch on the hinder 
 extremity, must be familiar to most persons who take notice of 
 the denizens of their flowering shrubs, especially rose bushes ; on 
 these it maybe seen, near its small geometric web, in spring and 
 throughout the summer. It becomes adult in June and July, 
 and is abundant in all parts of the county of Dorset, and indeed 
 throughout Great Britain. Very young examples are tinged 
 with reddish-brown, but the two rows of black spots on the 
 abdomen are always conspicuous and characteristic. 
 
 The snare is often placed horizontally, though not unfrequently 
 in an inclined position also, but never, so far as I am aware, 
 perpendicularly. 
 
 EPEIRA WESTBINGII. 
 
 Epeira westeinoii, Thorell, Eecensio Critica Aranearum, p. 
 
 106, and Syn. Europ. Spid. pp. 22 and 
 
 548. 
 „ » Thor., Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H. for 
 
 Febry. 1878, p. 120. 
 In size, structure, general appearance and colours this spider 
 very closely resembles Ep e ira cucurb itina, Clerck. The male however 
 may be easily distinguished by the absence of the two blackish, 
 longitudinal, lateral bands on the cephalo-thorax, as well as by 
 the digital joints of the palpi and palpal organs being smaller. 
 The curved process at the base of the digital joint also is less 
 curved and scarcely knob-like at the extremity, which is likewise 
 less dark coloured than in E. cucurbitwa. There are also some 
 differences of structure in the palpal organs. With regard to 
 the female, there is great difficulty in la3dng hold of any very 
 tangible distinctions, and hitherto I confess that I have not 
 succeoded in readily distinguishing the sexes of the two species. 
 This difficulty is increased on the continent of Europe, where 
 
261 
 
 a third, closely allied, spooies (Ep'iira alpica, L. Koch) is also 
 found. 
 
 Dr. Thorell, in his valuable work on the " Synonyms of 
 European Spiders," p. 549, makes some remarks upon tho 
 difficulty of distinguishing the females of these three specios. 
 
 An adult male, with a female, which I believe to be of this 
 species, were kindly sent to me from Glanvilles Wootton, by Mr. 
 C. "W. Dale, at the end of June, 1877. Before that date it had 
 not been noted in Britain, though being so similar to the common 
 Epeira cucurbitina it has probably been overlooked, and hence 
 we may expect it to occur oftener in future. 
 
 Both this spider and Ep'iira cucurbitina lose most of their 
 beauty, and often all their colour and markings, when preserved, 
 whether in a dry state, or in spirit of wine, or in any other 
 fluid. 
 
 EPEIKA ADIANTA. 
 
 Epeira adianta, Walch, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 348, pi. xxv., fig. 251. 
 
 The male measures about 2J lines in length, and the female 
 about 3. There is, however, some considerable variation in 
 the size of both sexes. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is but slightly constricted on the lateral 
 margins of the caput, which is also narrower at the fore 
 extremity than in many othors of this genus, the eyes being con- 
 sequently more closely grouped, but the lateral pairs are still 
 placed at the outer corners of the fore part of the caput. The 
 ocular region is rather prominent, and the clypeus exceedingly 
 low. The cephalo-thorax is yellow, tinged with brown, and has 
 a narrow, central, longitudinal, black-brown stripe, with a 
 longitudinal band of deep reddish-brown, on each side, a little 
 way above the margin, and running quite through to tho lateral 
 pair of eyes. 
 
 The legs are similar to the cophalo-thorax in colour, with 
 
202 
 
 sometimos a slight reddish tinge, the extremities of the joints 
 and the upper sides of the femora of the first and second pairs 
 being dark brown. The palpi (of the male) are short, the 
 cubital joint has two very long, strong, projecting bristles at its 
 extremity in front, and the radial joint is groatly produced both 
 on the outer and inner sides ; the digital joint is of moderate 
 size, with a strong, curved process at its base, whose point is 
 directod forwards and outwards. 
 
 The palpal organs are very prominent, but not very complex, and 
 (like many others of this genus) are directed outwards. 
 
 The stornum is black. The abdomen is oval, slightly pointed 
 behind, and projects considerably over the base of the cephalo- 
 thorax. A longitudinal yellow band, very strongly dentated at tho 
 fore part, but slightly so, on the hinder part, and tapering to 
 the spinners, occupies a considerable portion of the upper side ; 
 this band has a distinctly defined, dentated, black margin 
 on each side, as well as a loss well-defined, longitudinal, 
 central, dusky, yellowish-brown, tapering marking which is 
 often dentated something like the yellow band 
 itself. Outside of this is a broad, yellow-brown (or 
 sometimes red-brown) band, and below this, on the sides, there 
 are alternate, oblique streaks of black, white, and yellow-brown. 
 There is some variety in these streaks, the black ones often run- 
 ning into each other and farming a kind of irregular, longitu- 
 dinal marking. The under side is black, with two longitudinal, 
 yellowish-white stripes, one on each side, followed by two spots 
 of tho same colour on each side of tho spinners. A prominent ; 
 black, tapering, obtusely-pointed, curved, process dirocted baok- 
 wards is connected with the genital aperture. 
 
 This beautiful Ep'eira is thinly dispersed over the heaths at 
 Bloxworth, and in the neighbourhood ; and I have met with it 
 in abundance at Lulworth, near the seaside. It spins its snare 
 among heather, or rushes, by the sides of paths and roads, and 
 in other waste places ; and it is adult in the months of August 
 and September, 
 
263 
 
 EPEIIU DIOIDEA. 
 
 Epeira dioidea, Walck., Ins. Apt. II., p 55. 
 Epeira almmacula, Blackw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Irel. p. 355, 
 pi. xxvi., fig. 256. 
 
 The length of the male is 1^ lines, and that of the female 2 
 lines. There is, however, considerable variation in the size of 
 both sexes. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is similar in form to that of Epeira adianta ; 
 its colour is yellow-brown, the sides of the caput and the lateral 
 margins being suffused with a darker hue. 
 
 The legs are long, and moderately strong ; they are of a 
 yellowish-brown colour, the femora of the first two pairs being 
 the darkest, and the third and fourth pairs having indistinct 
 brown annuli ; in the female all the legs are similarly annulatod. 
 The palpi (of the male) are short ; the cubital joint has a long, 
 strong, curved, tapering bristle, springing from a prominence in 
 front and directed forwards. The radial joint is obtusely pro- 
 tuberant on the outer side. The digital joint is rather large, 
 and has a small curved process at its base, the obtuse point of 
 which is directed outwards. The sternum is yellow-brown, with 
 indistinct dark margins. The abdomen is oval, broader and 
 considerably higher in front than behind, and with a very small 
 sub-angular prominence on each side of the fore-extremity of 
 the upper part ; this, however, is a character of the female only, 
 not of the male. 
 
 The upper side is of a warm brown colour, spotted thickly 
 with black and white, the latter generally predominating ; on 
 the hinder part is a broad, dark, bluntly dentated band tapering 
 slightly to the spinners, broadly margined with black, and 
 spotted with white and black along the middle. This band has 
 the appearance of having been, as it were, intended to run 
 through to the fore-extremity, as fragments of a black margin 
 are visible in one or two places in continuation of the margins 
 of the band ; the foremost of these fragments form a nearly 
 complete, black, transverse line, which, with a strong black, 
 
264 
 
 curved band below the fore margin, encloses a large sub-triangular 
 area, on which the white spots are predominant, and some- 
 times almost confluent. The above-mentioned band has, on 
 the hinder part, its black margins bordered with a close set 
 row of nearly confluent white spots, almost giving the appear- 
 ance in many examples, of a continuous line. On the lower 
 part of the sides is a broad, longitudinal, dentated, brownish- 
 black band. The under side is black, with two curved, white, 
 marginal bands, each followed by two white spots near the base 
 of the spinners. 
 
 This is an exceedingly pretty little spider ; it is not rare on 
 underwood at Bloxworth, in the months of June and July, at 
 which season it attains the adult state. It has also occurred, 
 though rarely, in two or three other parts of England. 
 
 EPEIKA ACALYPHA. 
 
 Epeira acalypha, Walck., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. 
 p. 341, pi. xxv., fig. 246. 
 
 The length of the female seldom reaches 3 lines, and the male 
 is very much smaller — from 1J to 1J in length. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is strongly constricted laterally, and rather 
 narrow at the fore part of the caput, thus bringing the three 
 groups of eyes rather more closely together than in most othor species 
 of this genus. The eyes of the hind central pair are in a, 
 straight line with those of the two lateral pairs. Its colour is 
 pale yellowish, slightly tinged with greenish-brown. The lateral 
 margins are black, and there is a central longitudinal line of 
 the same colour. The legs are tolerably long (1.2.4.3.), but not 
 very strong, and are similar in colour to the cephalo-thorax. 
 The extremities of the joints are blackish, and there are a few 
 other spots of tho same colour ; the upper and under sides of the 
 femora of the first and second pairs being also marked with a 
 dark stripe. The spines are long, particularly on the tibiae. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, very convex above, and projects con- 
 eiderably over the cephalo-thorax. Its colour, on the upper 
 
265 
 
 side, is a dull yellowish tinged with greenish-brown, and thickly 
 mottled with yellowish-white. The normal, dentated, longi- 
 tudinal band is obsolete on the fore part, and on the hinder part 
 its margins are scarcely at all denticulated, while it narrows but 
 very little towards the 6pinners ; its colour is darker than the 
 rest, being in general indistinctly spotted with white, with 
 strong black margins, and a central, broken, black, longitudinal 
 lino ; the white spots outside this band are nearly confluent and 
 form in general a tolerably regular sub-marginal border to it. 
 The sides are like the upper side in colour, striped obliquely 
 with four, or five, parallel, black stripes. On the fore part of the 
 abdomen, in front of the central band, are a broken central 
 longitudinal line of two or three elongate black spots, and on 
 each side of the fore extremity is another of a curved form. 
 The under side is black, and has a longitudinal yellowish-white 
 marking on either side, followed by a row of similar spots 
 encirchng the 6pinners. 
 
 The colours and markings of the male are similar to those of 
 the female. The palpi are short. The cubital joint has a single 
 long, strong, curved bristle in front. The radial joint is produced 
 rather behind on its outer side, and the digital joint is of toler- 
 able size, and has a small prominence at its base. The palpal 
 organs are large, prominent and rather complex, with a strong 
 curved process, indented or bifid at its extremity, directed out- 
 wards from their fore part. 
 
 This very pretty and distinctly marked little JSpeira is abund- 
 ant among heather on Bloxworth Heath, where it spins a very 
 perfect snare. The snares are placed at all angles of inclination, 
 as well as horizontally and perpendicularly. It is adult in Juno 
 and July. 
 
 A very distinct variety of the female was sent to me in the 
 summer of 1877 from Portland by Mr. C. W. Dale ; in this 
 specimen the longitudinal band on the hinder part of the 
 abdomen is entirely jet black, excepting four white spots, form- 
 ing a square near the middle ; and from the anterior end of the 
 band a continuous black bar runs to the fore margin of the 
 
abdomen. This variety is desoribed (in the Annals and Magazine 
 of Nat. History for February of the present year) by an 
 inadvertence, as a Zilla. 
 
 EPEIRA DIADEMATA. 
 
 Aranetjs diadematus, Clerch., Sv. Spindl. p. 25, pi. i., tab. 4. 
 Epeiha diadema, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 358, 
 pi. xxvi., fig. 258. 
 
 This is one of our largest spiders, though it varies consider- 
 ably in size, in both sexes. The male measures from 2J- 
 to 4 lines in length, while the female ranges from 4 to 7 linos. 
 
 The thoracic region is broad, and the lateral marginal con- 
 strictions at the caput are strong. The three groups of eyes are 
 rather widely separated, and the ocular region is prominent. 
 The cephalo -thorax is of a brownish-yellow colour, thickly 
 clothed with hairs, and has a broad, central, longitudinal, 
 dark-brown band, which tapers to the hinder margin, with a 
 lateral band of the same hue on either side. The legs are strong, 
 and of a yellowish hue, with dark-brown annuli ; their relative 
 length is 1.2.4.3. 
 
 The palpi (of the male) are short. The cubital joint is 
 prominent at its extremity in front, where there are two long, 
 curved, tapering bristles directed forwards. The radial joint is 
 prominent on the outer side, and has a curved process at its base 
 above, the obtuse point of the process being directed forwards 
 and outwards. The digital joint is rather narrow, and the palpal 
 organs are of very large size, complex, and protuberant, with a 
 strong, pale, obtuse, prominent process on the outer side. 
 
 The abdomen varies in its general hue from pale yellow-brown 
 to nearly black ; its form is somewhat sub-triangular, being 
 much the broadest in front, where, on the upper part, on each side 
 of the extremity, is a small, sub-angular prominence, which is 
 strongest in the female, and on the outer side of which is a 
 yellowish-white marking. The upper side is almost entirely 
 occupiedby avery broad band of a darker huethan the rest, taper- 
 
267 
 
 ing backwards, and obtusely dentated or einuous on the margins, 
 which are marked by a black, and yellowish- white, contiguous lines. 
 This band is more or less thickly and regularly spotted with round 
 and elongate white or yellowish spots, the greater part, and the 
 largest of which are arranged in the form of a large cross 
 towards the fore-extremity, with two or three short, oblique, 
 lateral lines of white spots, emitted on each side from the 
 longitudinal portion of the cross as it runs backwards towards the 
 6pinners; on each side of the central band the abdomen is 
 yellow-brown, spotted with whitish, and the sides are somewhat 
 obliquely marked with dull yellowish-white and darker yellow- 
 brown parallel bands or stripes, sometimes edged with blackish, 
 and obscurely mottled with dull whitish. The under side is 
 yellowish-brown, with a broad, central, longitudinal, dark-brown 
 band, on the fore part of which are two, marginal, curved, 
 yellowish-white stripes, whose hinder extremities are much 
 dilated. A long, rather slender, somewhat sinuously curved, 
 and transversely wrinkled process is directed backwards from 
 the fore margin of the genital aperture. 
 
 The above description is from an example whose prevailing 
 tone of colour is yellow-brown ; the distribution, however, of 
 colour, and the pattern is similar, whatever be the prevailing 
 hue. In the blacker specimens the cruciform arrangement of 
 spots is all the more distinct by the strong contrast of the 
 colours, those 6pots being then quite white. 
 
 The male is very much smaller than the female, but its colours 
 and pattern are generally similar, though the central band on 
 the cephalo-thorax is narrower, and the spots on the abdomen 
 are less numerous. The inner side of the fore-extremity of tho 
 tibico of the second pair of legs is incrassated, and armed with 
 numerous short, strong, spines, probably intended for defence 
 against enemies — perhaps against the attacks of the female, to 
 whom is attributed (and no doubt sometimes justly) the propensity 
 to devour the male, if she can catch him, when he approaches her 
 at the pairing season. Although I have been in the habit of 
 observing this spider, among others, now for the last twenty. 
 
268 
 
 five years, I have never myself witnessed the exercise of this 
 propensity. The late Mr. Eichard Beck is the only observer, 
 with whom I have been personally acquainted, who has assured 
 me of his having witnessed the capture and devouring of the male 
 by the female. I imagine that the male usually manages to 
 escape ; perhaps he times his advances so as to make them after 
 his partner has dined, and is consequently in a good humour, 
 and with the edge, at loast, of her appetite blunted. 
 
 This spider is abundant everywhere, and is the one usually 
 alluded to under the popular name of the " Garden spider." Its 
 snare is, I believe, always perpendicular, and has no void place 
 in the centre ; its positions and localities are too numerous and 
 well known to need detail ; it is, however, never, so far as I 
 know, found in buildings of any kind. It is adult at the end of 
 the summer and in early autumn, and is found in all parts of 
 Great Britain and Ireland. 
 
 When first hatched, and for some little time afterwards, the 
 young are of a dull orange-yellowish colour, with a black patch 
 on the hinder part of the abdomen. The brood live together, 
 certainly until after the first moulting of the skin, spinning 
 numerous lines among the leaves and other objects near at hand ; 
 but when, exactly, they separate and first form their orbicular 
 snares, I have not been able to ascertain. 
 
 EPEIEA SCALAMS. 
 
 Epeira scalaeis, Walch., Black., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 331, pi. xxiv., fig. 240. 
 This fine and striking-looking spider, is, like the last, rather 
 variable in size. The male measures from 4 to 4 } lines in length 
 and the female from 6 to 8 lines. In the form of the cephalo- 
 thorax it resembles Epeira diademata, Clerck. ; the colour of that 
 part is yellow, slightly tinged with brown and with a narrow, 
 longitudinal, central, stripe, and a broader lateral band on each 
 side, of a blackish-brown hue. It is also thinly clothed with 
 hoary hairs. 
 
269 
 
 The three eye-groups are widely separated from each other, 
 the lateral pairs occupying the extreme fore corners of the upper 
 part of the caput, and (like others of this group) the area of 
 the fore-central eyes is prominent. 
 
 The legs are rather long, and strong, of a yollowish colour, 
 broadly annulated with dark reddish brown ; like Epeira diademata 
 the tibia) of the second pair aro incrassatod, and armed on the 
 inner-side with very strong, modorately long spines. Tho palpi 
 (of the male) are very short; the cubital joint is rather pro- 
 minent in front, where it has also two long, strong, tapering 
 bristles ; and the radial point is produced on tho outer-side. 
 The digital joint is large but elongated, and has, at its base, a 
 curved blackish process, whose obtuse point is dircctod out- 
 wards and rather forwards ; the palpal organs are very prom- 
 inent, and complex, but tolerably compact. 
 
 The abdomen (of the female) is of extremely large size, and 
 projects over the cephalo-thorax so as almost ontirely to con- 
 coal it when looked at from a very little way behind ; it is 
 broader in front than behind, but not so sub-angular in form as 
 that of Epeira diademata, nor has it any angular prominences on 
 the fore corners, but is very obtusely pointed at the middle of 
 the fore extremity. The form of the abdomen of the male is a 
 more regular oval, and much less convex above than that of the 
 female, projecting also far less over the cephalo-thorax. Its 
 colour is pale yellow with a broad, contral, longitudinal, deep 
 brown-black band on the hinder half of tho upper side, slightly 
 and gradually narrowing as it runs backwards ; the fore extremity 
 of this band is (like the whole of it) exceedingly clearly defined, 
 and angularly prominent ; it is also closoly reticulated with 
 yellow. The sides and undor part aro streaked and mottled 
 with deep brown and yellow-brown ; tho under sido having a 
 very broad, blackish, longitudinal, central band, with two, curved, 
 longitudinal, yellow stripes, whose extremities are enlarged on 
 the inner sides, and thus partially enclose a largo quadrate area 
 on the middle of the under part. The process connocted with 
 
270 
 
 the genital aperture of the female is rather shorter and stronger 
 than that of Epeira diademata. The stornum is black. 
 
 This is not a very abundant spider, but I have met with it in 
 various parts of Dorsetshire, and Mr. 0. W. Dale has sent it to 
 me from Glanvilles Wootton ; it has also been sent to me from 
 other parts of England, and from Scotland. I have usually- 
 found it on the outskirts of woods, and under thick hedge rows, 
 where it is a conspicuous object sitting in the middle of its 
 extensive snare, which is spun, at no great distance from the 
 ground, in a vacant spaco among the branches and herbage. 
 
 Dr. Thorell is of opinion that this spider is the variety 
 pyramidata of the Aranea marmorea, Clerck., the typical form of 
 which closely resembles Epeira diademata, but has never yet been 
 found in Britain. I am not yet, however, convinced of the 
 identity of Epeira scalaris and Epeira marmorea. I have oxamined 
 numerous examples of both sexes and all ages of Epeira scalaris 
 from many parts of England and Scotland, and never saw one 
 differing in the smallest degree from the typo above described, 
 and, therofore, not in any way approaching the type of Epeira 
 marmorea. Of the last spocies, however, I have not had the 
 opportunity of examining well authenticated adults. If Epeira 
 scalaris should indeed be identical with Epeira marmorea, it is an 
 exceedingly romarkablo fact that this variety should be the only 
 form found in England and Scotland, while both forms are com- 
 mon in Sweden. 
 
 EPEIRA ANGULATA. 
 
 Epeiea angtjlata, Clerclc, Blaclcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 360, pi. xxvii., fig. 259. 
 
 The length of the female is nearly 6 linos, the male being 
 somewhat smaller. 
 
 This spider may be known at once by the large conical pro- 
 tuberance at each fore corner of the upper side of its somewhat 
 Bub-angularly-shaped abdomen ; these protuberances give it 
 a distinctly triangular appearance. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax, which is thickly clothed 
 
271 
 
 with yellow-grey liairs, is brown, with a longitudinal, central, 
 and two (one on each side) lateral bands of a darker hue. The 
 central group of eyos is placed on a prominence forming nearly 
 a square, whoso posterior side is distinctly shortor than the 
 anterior. The legs are strong, of a pale yellow-brown colour, 
 annulated with dark brown, and clothed with greyish hairs ; the 
 spines are neither very long, nor very strong ; the relative length 
 of the legs is 1.2.4.3. The sternum is yellow-brown, broadly 
 margined with dark-brown ; or it may be described as dark- 
 brown with a broad, central, longitudinal, yellow-brown band. 
 The abdomen is of the shape detailed above, and projects well 
 over the base of the cephalo-thorax ; the upper side is almost 
 entirely occupiod by a broad, longitudinal, boldly and sharply den- 
 tated, black-brown band, which narrows gradually to the spinners ; 
 this band includes the inside halves of the conical prominences, and 
 generally continues over the fore-extremity of the abdomen, ending 
 in an indistinctly angular form ; the margins of this band behind 
 the protuberances is very clear and distinct, formed by fine, con- 
 tiguous, black, and yellowish lines, tho hinder part of the band 
 being the darkest; a blackish, transverse band also runs 
 between the points of tho protuberances. In front of this 
 transverse band are two yellowish, transverse, angular stripes, 
 and upon and behind it is an elongate, somewhat diamond- 
 shaped, black, central marking, broadly edged with yellowish ; 
 this is continued backwards for some little distance, in 
 the medial line, by an obscure band or stripe indicated 
 by its yellowish irregular margins. The sides are obliquely 
 streaked with black, and in some examples there are some 
 longitudinal black streaks close to the under side, which last is 
 usually of a blackish hue, and has two large, round, yellow 
 spots, wide apart, in a transverse line half way between the 
 genital aperture and tho spinners. The basal process connected 
 with tho genital aperture is strong and prominent ; and from it 
 another, similar in form and direction to that of Epiiira diademata, 
 but broador and stronger, runs backwards, reaching a point mid- 
 way between tho two yellow spots above-mentioned. 
 
2?2 
 
 This fin6 spidor appears to be very rare in England. Tho 
 only examples I have seen are four found on low fir treos on 
 Bloxworth and Mordon Heaths, and ono on Parley Hoath 
 between Wimborne and Ringwood. Those were all femalos, 
 excepting one, an immaturo malo, and were found in tho month of 
 June many years ago.* I have compared thorn with Swedish 
 examplos of Epeira angulata, Clerck., and can find no differonco 
 betweon them. The adult malo is unknown to me ; the young 
 malo alluded to above diffors in no way from tho fomalo in its 
 colours and markings. 
 
 EPEIEA ABBUSTORUM. 
 
 Epeira arbustorum, C. L. Koch., Uebersicht d. Arachn. Syst., 
 
 1 Hoft., p. 3. 
 Epeira bioornis, Walck., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irol., 
 p. 361, pi. xxvii., fig. 260. 
 
 The length of the male is about l-6th of an inch, and that of 
 the female about 1 -5th, or rather more. 
 
 Tho form of the abdomen in this spider is very like that of 
 Epeira angulata, Clerck., but, not to mention the great difference in 
 the size of the two species, the posterior side of the quadranglo 
 f ormod by tho four central eyes of tho prosont spider is equal in 
 longth to the anterior ; the angular prominoncos on the abdomon 
 are ako of a much blunter form, and the general hue of the spidor 
 is groon and groy, mixod and variegated together ; the angular 
 points of the dontatod band, also, on tho abdomen aro less well 
 defined, and blunter ; and tho posterior margin of each denticu- 
 lation is broadly edged with a black dash ; these dashes occas- 
 sionally meet and form transvorso black bars on the hindor part. 
 Tho under side has a broad, longitudinal, black, central band, 
 margined on each side with a pale, whitish-yellow, slightly- 
 curved stripe. There is some variety in the colours of this 
 spider, the dark parts varying from brown to red-brown and 
 
 * Since the above was written I have (in Juno, 1878) met with an adult 
 female in its snare among the branches of rhododondrons on the borders of 
 t he lake at Morden Park, near Bloxworth. 
 
273 
 
 black, and the paler parts from green and yellow, to greenish- 
 yellow and white. 
 
 The legs are pale yellow-brown, with black annulations, and 
 tho spines on the tibioo of the socond pair, in the males, are long 
 and strong. 
 
 The palpi (of the malo) are short, the cubital joint is promin- 
 ent in front, whence it projects two exceedingly long, strong, 
 curved, tapering bristles; the radial joint is considerably and 
 obtusely producod on its outor side, and is furnished with 
 numerous hairs and bristles. The digital joint is large, and 
 has, at its base, an obtuse, curved, black, glossy procoss, whoso 
 extremity is directed forwards. The palpal organs are very 
 prominent, and complex, but rather compact. 
 
 This spider is abundant at Bloxworth, on lichen-covered 
 apple and other trees where, when motionloss, it is almost 
 impossible to detect it, so exactly do its groon, grey, yellow, and 
 white and black colours harmonize with the colours of the 
 various mosses and lichens on the boughs of the tree. It 
 appears also to be generally distributed in the South of England, 
 and to occur more rarely in North Wales. It is adult in June 
 and July. The sexes differ but little, except in size, and in 
 the rather more distinct markings of the male. 
 
 EPEIRA AGALENA. 
 
 Ejpbira aoialena, Walok., Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 334, pi. xxiv., fig. 242. 
 
 „ younqii, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc, 1870, vol. xxvii., 
 p. 461. 
 
 The male measures l-6th of an inch in length, and the female 
 about l-4th. 
 
 The colour of the cophalo-thorax (which is of a rather shorter 
 form than that of Epeira diademata, Clerck.) is reddish yellow- 
 brown ; the hinder part of the caput is yeUow, the whole caput 
 boing of a paler hue than the thorax, and pretty thickly clothed 
 with yellowish grey hairs. Tho eyes are in tho usual position 
 
274 
 
 and those of the fore-central pair are on a strongish prominence. 
 Tho logs are rather long and moderately strong ; their relative 
 length being 1.2.4.3. ; they are of a yellow-brown colour, 
 annulated (but often very faintly) with dark brown. Tho spines 
 on thoso of the first and second pairs, in the male, are long, 
 especially on the tibial joints. 
 
 The palpi (of the male) aro short ; tho cubital joint is promin- 
 ent in front, and has there two long, strong, tapering, projecting 
 bristles ; the outer side of the radial joint is protuberant, and 
 has two finer bristles on it. The digital joint is largo, and has 
 a dark coloured, curved process at its base, whose rather 
 enlarged extremity is directed forwards and outwards. The 
 palpal organs aro large and excessively protuberant ; they are 
 also very complex, with various prominent lobes and processes. 
 The abdomen is of a sub-triangular form, rounded in front, 
 and projecting (but not greatly) over the base of the cephalo- 
 thorax. It is thinly clothed with hairs, and its prevailing hue 
 is red-brown, mottled with yellowish ; two oblique yellow linos 
 cut off a deep, red-brown portion on each side of the fore- 
 extremity, and between the anterior ends of these dark patches 
 is a somewhat diamond-shaped, dark patch edged with yellow. 
 On tho hindor half is a more or less distinctly defined, broad, 
 dentated band, rather darker than the surrounding surface, and 
 its short, blunt, denticulations are marked with black or dark 
 red-brown and yellow. This band is sometimes obsolete, and 
 may be sometimes traced indistinctly also on the fore-half of the 
 abdomen. The sides are marked with some oblique, rod-brown 
 streaks, and the under sido is of a dark red-brown hue, with a 
 longitudinal, yellowish band on each side. 
 
 The male is darkor coloured than the female, and its abdomen 
 is of a rather more oval form. 
 
 This is not a rare spider on low trees and bushes in shrub- 
 beries and woods, in various localities in Dorsetshire. It is also 
 not unfrequent on iron railings on bright sunny mornings in 
 spring and early summer. Mr. Blackwall has found it in North 
 Wales, and I have received it from many parts of England. It 
 
275 
 
 ia adult in Juno and July, and will hardly be mistaken for any 
 other species, if its general reddish, yellow-brown hue, and the 
 dark shoulders of the abdomen are noted. A remarkable variety, 
 received from Scotland, was described (see synonym above) as a 
 distinct species, under the name of Epeira yoimgii. 
 
 EPEIEA COENUTA. 
 
 Aranetts cornutus, Clercle., Sv. Spindl., p. 39, pi. i., tab. 11. 
 Epeira apoolisa, Walch, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 325, pi. xxiii., fig. 237. 
 
 This common spider varies a good doal in size, and also in the 
 extent and depth of colour of the markings on the abdomen. 
 
 The male measures from 2£ to 4 lines in length, and the female 
 from 3J to 5£ lines. 
 
 The form of the cephalo-thorax does not differ materially 
 from that of Epeira diademata, Clerck. ; it is of a reddish yellow- 
 brown colour, pretty thickly clothed with grey hairs. The legs 
 are moderately long, and tolerably strong ; their colour being 
 yellow-brown, with dark-brown annulations ; the spines are not 
 very strong nor long, excepting those on the tibice of the first 
 and second pairs, of the male, which are stronger and longer 
 than the rest. The palpi are short ; the cubital joint has two 
 long, slightly-curved bristles in front ; the radial joint ia con- 
 siderably produced on its outer side, and furnished with numer- 
 ous hairs; the digital joint is large, and has, at its base, a curved 
 process, whoso obtuse point is directed outwards. The palpal 
 organs are very largo, very prominent, and complex. Near their 
 base is a longish, projecting process, directed downwards, and a 
 little outwards, its extremity being split or bifid ; one of the 
 portions of the split part is much stronger than the other, rather 
 enlarged and rounded at its termination; the other portion 
 being pointed. 
 
 Tho abdomon is largo, of a rather regular oval form, the fore 
 and hind oxtromities differing but little in their curve ; it projects 
 considerably over tho base of the cephalo-thorax, and a great por- 
 tion of tho upper side is occupied by a broad, longitudinal, taper- 
 
276 
 
 ing, black-brown band, dontatod, or sinuous, on tho margins ; this 
 band has a clear, yollowish-white (or whitish-yollow) marginal 
 border, and has, along the centre, a large cruciform or dagger- 
 shaped yellow marking, whose point is directed backwards, and 
 continued by a yellow lino or spots, towards the spinnors ; it is also 
 crossed at right angles by one or more lines of the samo colour, 
 and its arms frequently break tho margins of the central band, 
 dividing it (mostly in females) into two parts ; immediately in 
 front of the cruciform marking and confluent with it, is a large 
 irregularly triangular, yellow marking, enclosing a brown one 
 of the samo form, and followed backwards through a great part of 
 t.io cross by another elongato, brown marking pointed behind ; 
 the rest of tho uppor part (on each sido of tho lateral band) is 
 yellow, sometimes suffused with reddish-brown, and more or loss 
 markod with black-brown. Tho sides aro dull yellowish, mottled 
 and marked with brown, and tho undor sido is black-brown, with 
 a short, curved, yellow, longitudinal stripe on each side of tho 
 middle part. 
 
 The male and female do not differ in pattorn, except that it is 
 more distinct (as also aro the colours) in the former sex. The 
 logs of tho male are'also longer, and are usually less regularly 
 annulated. 
 
 Epeira cornuta is gonorally distributed throughout GreatBritain, 
 and is particularly abundant in marshy placos, among furze, 
 heather, coarse grass, and rushes, especially on the banks of 
 streams. It spins a large snaro, and drawing down the 
 extremities of grass or rush blooms, or of the twigs of small 
 shrubby plants, it forms a somewhat hooded, or dome- 
 shaped domicile, in which it concoals itself, when not in the 
 snare on tho look-out for insocts ; in this retreat it is said to pass 
 the wintor also, having 'first spun up the entrance with silken 
 lines. It is usually adult at the end of summer and in the 
 autumn; some, howovor, survivo tho winter — probably immature 
 individuals from tho preceding autumn's brood, these attain 
 maturity in the months of June and July, or perhaps in favour- 
 able seasons still earlior in the spring. 
 
277 
 
 EPEIBA PATAGIATA. 
 
 Epeira patagiata, C. L. Koch., Blaclcw., Spiel. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 329, pi. xxiv., fig. 239. 
 
 In size, form, colours, and pattern this spider nearly resombles 
 Epeira comuta, to which it is very closely allied, and from which 
 some examples of the female are not easily distinguished ; it is, 
 however, generally a darker coloured spider, examples being 
 frequent, in which (in the male) the whole, or the greater part, 
 of the dentated band on the abdomen is black, bordered by a 
 yellow line, and with an irregular yellow marking at the middle of 
 the fore-extremity. The palpal organs (of tho male) give an 
 unfailing character for the distinction of that sex from Epeira 
 comuta ; the prominent downward- directod process at their baso, 
 instead of boing long, rather slender, and straight, is short, very 
 strong, and curved, the cleft being deep and gaping, and tho 
 smaller limb of the cleft part obtuse at its extremity. 
 
 Although Epeira patagiata inhabits situations similar to those 
 in which Epeira comuta is found, it is (in England) a rare and 
 local spider ; in fact, I have myself only met with it in one or 
 two localities in Dorsetshire — at Blox worth, and in Morden Park — 
 where, in the summers of 1862 and 1863, both sexes occurred 
 on furze bushes, among rushes, and on tho lower boughs of 
 trees, in damp places ; its snare and habits are the same as those 
 of Epeira comuta. 
 
 EPEIRA SCLOPETARIA. 
 
 Araneus sclopetaritjs, Clerch, Sv. Spindl., p. 43, pi. ii., tab. 3. 
 Epeira serioata, C. L. Koch., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 328, pi. xxiii., fig. 238. 
 
 This fine spider is closely allied to tho two foregoing species ; 
 it is, however, larger, the male measuring from 3£ to 4£ lines in 
 length, and the female from 4 to 6£ lines. 
 
 The cophalo-thorax is deop brown, clothed with grey hairs, 
 some of which are so arranged as to form a very distinct, trans- 
 
278 
 
 verse, curved line running through the ocular area, and two 
 oblique ones following the direction of the indentations, shewing 
 the junction of the caput and thorax, and continuing backwards 
 through the middle of the latter. 
 
 The pattern on the abdomen is very similar to that of the 
 foregoing specios, but the marginal, yellow lino of tho dontated 
 band is more sinuous, and is rendered very characteristic in its 
 appearance by being clothed with light grey hairs. The whole 
 abdomen is of a browner hue, the cruciform marking being of 
 a yellow-brown, or light-brown colour. Varieties occur in which 
 the abdomen is entirely black, or nearly so, with the dentated 
 band and cruciform marking delinoatod by a fine yellow line 
 clothed with grey hairs. The annulations on the legs are broad, 
 distinct, and of a deep brown colour. 
 
 The palpi (of the male) resemble those of Epeira cornuta 
 more nearly than they do those of Epeira patagiata. Tho digital 
 joint and palpal organs, however, are not so largo in proportion 
 to the size of the spider, and tho prominent cleft process at their 
 base is shorter and stronger, and differs also in some other minor 
 particulars, as also do the other parts of tho palpal organs. 
 
 The logs of both sexes are (proportionally) longer than those 
 of Epeira cornuta. 
 
 Very rare in Dorsetshire — one only, found near Bloxworth, 
 is on record. It is more abundant near Chester, and also near 
 Cambridge. 
 
 EPEIRA QUADRATA. 
 
 Aeanetjs qtjadratub, Clerck., Sv. Spindl., p. 27, pi. 1, tab. 8. 
 Epeira qtjadrata, Walek., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 324, fig. 236. 
 
 The male measures from 2 J to 4 lines in length, and the 
 female from 4 to 9£ lines. 
 
 The nearly globular form of tho abdomen of the female of 
 this large and beautiful spider will serve to distinguish it from 
 all other known British species. 
 
279 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a pale brownish-yellow hue, with a 
 central longitudinal, and two lateral stripes of a dark reddish- 
 brown colour. The legs are strong, and (those of the female 
 especially) rather short, of a pale yellow colour annulated with 
 black-brown ; the spines on the tibiae of the first and second pairs, 
 of the male, are numerous and strong. The palpi (of the male) 
 are short, and have the same characteristics in the form of the 
 cubital, radial, and digital joints as Epeira comuta and several 
 others. The radial joint Jias also a strong obtuse projection 
 beneath its fore extremity. 
 
 The digital joint and palpal organs are of large size, and the 
 latter are very complex. A strong pointed process projects very 
 prominently outwards and forwards from their base, and 
 another, broad and obtuse, and of a rod-brown hue, is situated 
 in front near their extremity. 
 
 The abdomen (of the female) is very large, subglobose, and 
 almost conceals the cephalo-thorax when looked at from behind. 
 Its general colour on the upper side varies considerably in 
 different examples, being red, yellow, greenish -yellow, orange, 
 orange-brown, and other tints. Four large, oval, conspicuous, 
 white or yellowish spots, edged with reddish, form a quadrate 
 figure towards the fore extremity, the fore side being the 
 shortest ; from the outside of each of the hinder ones of these 
 spots a sinuous line of the same colour, and similarly edged, 
 runs obliquely towards the spinners. These sinuous lines repre- 
 sent the margins of the dentated band which is found very fairly 
 perfect in the male. A longitudinal central line is formed by a 
 sories of similar smaller spots, of different shapes and sizes, 
 some of which form, at times, a diamond-6haped figuro here and 
 there along the line. There are also other such lines and spots 
 disposod round tho margins of the upper side. The sides are 
 generally like tho ground colour of tho upper part, or rather 
 darker ; the under side has a broad dark longitudinal band with 
 yellow lateral margins ; and the spinners (which are included in 
 the dark band) are encircled by a ring of yellow spots near their 
 base. The process connected with the genital aperture is some- 
 
280 
 what like that of Epeira diadimata, but is much broader towards 
 its base. 
 
 The abdomen of the male is oval, and has tho usual broad, 
 longitudinal, central, daik band on its upper side ; this band is 
 sometimos porfoct throughout, with the four yellowish spots in a 
 quadrangle, conspicuous ; an indistinct brownish-yellow band 
 runs through the quadrangle, both longitudinally and trans- 
 versely, and forms a large cross, the arms of which cut off the 
 fore part of tho dontatod band ; but more commonly tho fore 
 part of this band is vory indistinct or scarcely tracoablo, the 
 four spots also being ill-defined, and confluent with a longitu- 
 dinal central band of the same hue. 
 
 This is ono of tho largest, and perhaps tho handsomest of all 
 our indigonous spiders. It is abundant on furze bushes on 
 heaths and commons at Bloxworth and in the neighbourhood, 
 and is also found in other parts of England and in Scotland ; it 
 either sits in tho midst of its large strong orbicular snare, or else 
 it may be found tuckod tip in the form of a round ball under a 
 dome-shaped dwelling placed close at the end of the snare, and 
 formed of silk and bits of the dead material of the bush on which 
 it is constructed. 
 
 The colours of tho females of this species preserve very badly 
 in spirit of wine unless the spider has been kept for a few days 
 in a dry box without food, previous to being chloroformed and 
 placed in tho spirit. 
 
 EPEIEA UMBRATICA. 
 
 Epeira umbratioa, Clerch., Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irol. 
 p. 333, pi. xxiv., fig. 241. 
 
 Tho longth of the female is very nearly, and in some instances 
 slightly exceeds, i an inch in longth, and the male is considerably 
 smaller. 
 
 The broad, flattened form of both the cephalo-thorax and 
 abdomen of this fino spider are very characteristic. Its general 
 hue is a deep bistre-brown, 
 
281 
 
 The cophalo-thorax is dark-brown, sometimes mixed with red- 
 brown, and thinly clothod with short hoary hairs. 
 
 Tho throo groups of eyes are seated on strong prominences, 
 and very widely separated from each other, occupying the whole 
 width of tho broad caput. The legs are modoratoly long, toler- 
 ably strong, and of a deep black-brown colour, with pale annula- 
 tions, which are not always, however, very distinctly defined. 
 
 The abdomen is largo, flattened, and of a short regular oval 
 form. The greater part of the upper side is occupiod by the 
 normal dentated band, of which the denticulations are blunt, and 
 havo a narrowish black margin, outside of which is often a 
 narrow yellow one, most conspicuous in tho angular intorvals 
 between the denticulations ; the area of the band is dirk brown 
 mixed with yellow-brown, and spotted with black, and sometimes 
 there are traces of a large cruciform marking indicated by small 
 yellowish spots ; outside the band tho colour is usually paler 
 brown than tho band itself, but is also mottled and marked with 
 yollowish and deeper brown. The sides are as dark as tho band, 
 and the under side is deep brown-black, with a strong, curved, 
 somewhat elongate-oval, yellowish- white marking on oach side of 
 tho middle. 
 
 The male resembles the female in colours and markings, but 
 its legs are much longer. 
 
 The palpi are short and of the normal Epeira i orm and general 
 structure. Tho radial joint is produced on the outer side, and 
 prominent undorneath, and tho curved process at tho base of tho 
 digital joint is notched at its extremity. Tho palpal organs aro 
 large, prominent and complex. 
 
 This spider, 1 hough not rare, is not often seen, unless specially 
 searched for, owing to its lying concealod during the day under 
 tho decayed bark of trees, or in any cracks or crevices of wooden 
 railings, gate-posts, and old timber where it can find shelter. 
 Near such situations as these it spins a large and strong orbicu- 
 lar snare, though not a closely woven one, the lines being at 
 some distanco apart. When discovered in its place of conceal- 
 ment the full grown female has been rather happily described as 
 
282 
 
 like a toad in miniature, as it sits with its legs all drawn up close 
 to the body, and the flattened abdomen hunched up over the 
 cephalo-thorax. I have frequently met with this spidor (which 
 is adult in May and June) in Dorsetshire, and it is found pretty 
 generally throughout Great Britain. With its nocturnal habits 
 the food of this spider is, in all probability, chiefly small moths. 
 
 EPEIRA SOLLERS. 
 
 Epeira soleks, Walck., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 336, pi. xxiv., fig. 243. 
 
 The length of the male is nearly l-4th of an inch, and that of 
 the femalo about l-3rd. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of ordinary form ; its colour is dark- 
 brown, the caput being much paler, and the whole pretty densely 
 clothed with long, fine, yellowish-grey hairs. The legs are 
 moderately strong, but (in the females) rather short ; their colour 
 is yellow-brown with dark reddish-brown blotches and annuli. 
 The spines are not conspicuous ; those, however, on the tibia? of 
 the first and second pairs of the male are longer and stronger than 
 the rest. 
 
 The palpi (of the male) are short. The radial joint has a 
 slightly curved, dark red-brown apophysis at its fore extremity, 
 rather towards the outer side. The digital joint is tolorably largo, 
 and the palpal organs are prominent and complex. 
 
 The abdomen is of a very short, broad-oval form, projects 
 well over the base of tho cephalo-thorax, and is pretty thickly 
 covered with hairs, which somewhat obscures the pattern. The 
 usual dentated longitudinal band occupies the upper side, and is 
 of a dark brown colour ; its margins are not very distinctly 
 defined, and scarcely at all, or at least very bluntly, denticulated ; 
 the prominent portions of tho denticulations are black, and 
 the whole has a broken, yellowish, marginal line. A- 
 large cruciform marking may be generally, more or less 
 distinctly traced by the darker hue, and yellowish mar- 
 gins of the shaft, a single transverse line forming the 
 
283 
 
 arms ; in front of this is often a broad transverse yellowish 
 band, with a short prominence running from the middle forwards, 
 also indicated by a yellowish marginal line. In some examples 
 thoso markings are very clear and distinct, but in the greater 
 number they are not so. The yellow portions are usually 
 rendered more conspicuous by whitish hairs. In some examples 
 the pattern on the central band consist simply of a longitudinal 
 black marking edgod with yellowish, and pointed at its 
 hinder extromity ; and on each side of it, as it runs backwards, 
 are short transverse black bars edged with yellowish on their 
 fore margins. The sides are paler than the upper part, clothed 
 with whitish hairs, and marked with some short indistinct, 
 oblique, dark stripes. The undor side is yellowish-brown, 
 mottled and streaked with dark brown, and there is also a broad, 
 longitudinal, central, black band, with a whitish-yellow curved 
 marking on each side, whose hinder part is much dilated. 
 
 This is not a rare spider on Bloxworth Heath, where it spins 
 its snare among heather and low-growing furze, connecting with 
 it, by a silken line, its slightly dome-shapod retreat, which is 
 constructed at a little distance under the sheltor of a furze shoot 
 or heather twig- When on the look-out for its prey the fomale 
 may be found sitting in the middle of her snare ; this seems to 
 bo mostly the case until she has attained maturity, and then 
 she is commonly to be found, at least by day, in her nest. 
 
 Epeira sollers is also found in other parts of Dorsetshire, as 
 well as in many parts of England and Scotland, 
 
FAMILY ULOBOEIDES. 
 
 HIS family comprises a small group of very remarkable 
 spiders, spinning a more or less perfect geometric snare, 
 
 l^LS aj like tho Epeiridea, but distinguished from them by a 
 totally different general appearance, by the position of the eyes, 
 the form of the cephalo-thorax and abdomen, and, especially, by 
 having calamistra on the metatarsi of the fourth pair of legs, 
 as well as a supernumerary spinning organ in front of the usual 
 spinners. 
 
 Two genera only are at present characterized ; both are repre- 
 sented in Britain, but one only has as yet been met with in 
 Dorsetshire. 
 
 GENUS TJLOBOBTJS, Latr. VELEDA, Blackw. 
 Cephalo-thorax somewhat oblong ; transversely depressed at 
 the occiput, and rather flattened above. 
 
 Eyes small, rather widely separated ; forming two transverse, 
 curved rows, the convexity of whose curve is directed forwards, 
 the posterior row being more strongly curved than the anterior, 
 which is placod noar the fore margin, thus separating the eyes 
 of each of the lateral pairs more widely than those of the fore, 
 and hind-central pairs. 
 
 Legs moderately strong, tolerably long, and considerably 
 unequal in length — 1.4.2.3. — those of the first pair being much 
 the longest. 
 
 Maxilla strong, straight, and enlargod and roundod at their 
 extremities. 
 
 Labium short and of a somewhat sub-triangular form. 
 
285 
 
 Ahdomen of a somewhat elongate-oval shape (m some species 
 humped near the middle), and clothed with hairs, of which some 
 form small tufts variously disposed. 
 
 The spinners of the superior pair are two-jointed. 
 
 One species only has yet been found in Britain, and that one 
 has occurred in Dorsetshire. 
 
 ULOBORUS WALCKENAERIUS. 
 
 Ulobortjs walokenaertos, Latr., Gen. Crust, et. Ins. 1, p. 100. 
 Veleda lineata, Blackw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Irel. p. 150, pi. 
 x., fig. 96. 
 
 The male measures 1 J lines in length, and the female about 
 2£ lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is clothed with short grey hairs, and 
 striped longitudinally and alternately with blackish-brown and 
 brownish-yellow, the central stripe being narrow and of the 
 latter colour. 
 
 The legs are brownish-yellow, marked and annulated with 
 dark yellowish-brown ; they are olothed with fine hairs, and 
 besides the calamistra on the upper side of the metatarsi of the 
 fourth pair, there are beneath the tarsi, and the hinder extremity 
 of the metatarsi, numerous short, regularly disposed spines. 
 
 The abdomen is of an oblong-oval form, and has its fore part, 
 and the hinder part of each side clothed with white hairs ; the 
 upper side is of a dull, yellowish-white colour, marked with 
 threo longitudinal, dark-brown lines. The sides are marked 
 with several more or less distinct, and very oblique, blackish- 
 brown stripes. The under side is black-brown with irregular, 
 yellowish, lateral margins. The spinners of the inferior pair, 
 are stronger, but rather shorter than tho superior ones, the 
 latter being two-jointed. On the upper part of the abdomen 
 are some small tufts of white hairs, but these are very easily 
 rubbed off, so that in some examples they are absent even before 
 capture. 
 
 The above description is from examples of both sexes obtained 
 
286 
 
 on Bloxworth Heath in Dorsetshire, and Lyndhurst Heath in 
 Hampshire ; all these, however, were immature. 
 
 It appears to he an exceedingly rare, as well as local, spider 
 in England, and has hoen obtained only by sweeping tho 
 heather with an entomological net. I have never observed its 
 snaro in this country. I met with it, however, frequently in 
 Palestine, in 1865, and had many opportunities of seeing it 
 thore in its regularly-woven, orbicular snare, in the centre of 
 which there was generally a line, or narrow band, of adhesive, 
 flocculent web, covered with bits of earth, and othor ddbris, as 
 well as the remains of its insect food ; the spider was usually 
 stretched out upon this band with its legs directed fore and 
 aft in a straight line. 
 
 An adult male was sont to me, in 1879, among other spiders, 
 from Wokingham by the Eev. C. "W. Penny, of "Wellington 
 College. This sex is less distinctly marked than the female, but 
 resembles her very nearly in general characteristics. 
 
FAMILY THOMISIDES. 
 
 S ,HE spiders of this family present a general form and 
 appearance impossible to be mistaken, and running 
 \2/ through all its genora. This strong family-character 
 results from a, generally, short and broad cophalo-thorax and 
 abdomen, with long antorior (and somotimos also posterior) logs, 
 articulated laterally, i.e., stretching put on each side almost at 
 right angles to the body. Their movements also are unlike 
 those of any other spider, being laterigrade or sideways like a 
 crab, to which, in fact, very many of the most numorously repre- 
 sented genus (XysticusJ are exceedingly like. Tho Thomisides 
 spin no snare, but catch their prey by lying in wait and enfold- 
 ing it with their long fore legs when it is within reach. They 
 are found in numerous situations ; on the baro ground, among 
 heather, coarse grass, and herbage of all kinds, also on bushes, 
 and trees, under stones, and in the blooms of flowers. Tho 
 males, for the most part, run very swiftly, and lead a kind of 
 vagabond life. The eyes are always eight, usually small, and 
 placed in tho form of a semi-circle ; thoso of the lateral pairs 
 being more or less widely separated. Tho terminal tarsal claws 
 are two in number, and tho spinners short and compact. 
 
 Seven genera, containing in the whole 42 British spocios, are 
 comprised in this family. All the genera, and 32 spocios, have 
 boon found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 GENUS THOMISUS, Walck. (Thor). THOMISUS, Blachw. 
 in part. 
 Cephalo-thorax broad-oval, truncated in front, and moderately 
 contrictod on the lateral margins ; the upper fore-corners of the 
 caput are strongly and conically protuberant, tho protuberances 
 being divergent (or directed outwards). The eyes are very 
 
288 
 
 small, and differ very little in relative size ; the four central eyes 
 form nearly a square, whoso fore-sido is tho shortest ; the latoral 
 pairs are placed noar tho base, on the outer side, of the protuber- 
 ances. Tho posterior row has the very slight convexity of itscurve 
 directod forwards, and the interval between those of the central 
 pair is greater than that between each and tho lateral eye next 
 to it. The clypeus projects forwards, and its height exceeds half 
 that of the facial space. 
 
 Legs moderatoly strong and tolerably long, much longer in 
 the males than in the females; relative length 1.2.4.3. Those 
 of 1 and 2 differ but very little, and similarly in regard to 4 
 and 3. Spines occur beneath the metatarsi, and the anterior 
 portion of the tibiae of the first and second pairs. 
 
 Palpi short. Digital joint of the male large. Abdomen 
 narrow, and truncated in front, enlarging gradually to a con- 
 siderable width behind, where, at either corner of tho upper 
 side is a short, blunt, conical protuberance ; hinder extremity 
 steep and rounded in the female ; less steep, and sub-angular, in 
 the male. In this genus, and in fact in almost all the Thomisides, 
 there are five circular points, or impressions on the upper side of 
 tho abdomen, forming an elongated triangle whose apex is in front. 
 
 The relative size of tho sexes is very disproportionate. One 
 spocies only has, as yet, been found in England, and that one has 
 been met with in Dorsotshiro. 
 
 THOMISUS ONUSTUS. 
 
 Thomisus ONUSTUS, Walck., Tabl. d. Aran., p. 32. 
 
 ,, abbeeviatus, Walck., Ins. Apt. 1, p. 516, and Blaclao., 
 Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 90, pi. iy., 
 fig. 54. 
 The length of the female varies from 3^ to 5 lines, and that 
 of the male from 1£ to 2 lines. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax (of the female) is yellow- 
 brown on the sides, with a narrow, white, lateral margin ; the 
 upper side forms a broad, longitudinal, yellowish-whito band, 
 including the eyes and conical protuberances; this band is 
 
289 
 
 slightly clouded with light yollow-brown in front of and behind 
 the eyes, where the darker portion is of an angular form. 
 
 The legs are pale yellow-brown, often with a longitudinal 
 white stripe beneath the femora. 
 
 The spines are short, and placod only beneath the metatarsi 
 and the fore-extremity of the tibice. 
 
 The abdomen is pale yollow-white, longitudinally rugulose 
 on the sides, and transversely bohind. It is often clouded with 
 yellow-brown, especially behind, and on the sides ; immature 
 examples are frequently suffused and marked with a delicate 
 pink, but this seems to go off when maturity is attained, and 
 always fados soon after immersion in spirits of wine. 
 
 The male is darker than the female. Tho surface of the 
 cephalo-thorax is thickly covered with minute -granulations, 
 each surmounted with a vory short spinous bristle, and the sides 
 are of a rich dark reddish yellow-brown, tho central band being 
 paler. The clypeus is less in height than that of tho female, being 
 equal to half the facial space. Tho logs of the two first pairs 
 are, proportionately, much longer than the others, and are of a 
 dark brown colour, annulated with light yellow-brown. The 
 annulation is less distinct in the adult than in the immature 
 examples. The two hinder pairs are much paler than the others, 
 being of a dull brownish-yellow hue. The tibise and metatarsi 
 are furnished beneath with long bristly hairs and fine spines. 
 
 The palpi are short, the radial joint has, on the outer side 
 near the hinder extremity, some minute black tubercles from 
 each of which springs a slender bristly hair ; there are also on 
 each side a few longer, stronger, black bristles. The outer side 
 of tho fore-extremity is producod into a long, not very stout, 
 slightly-curved apophysis, as long or longer than the joint itself, 
 and its enlarged, obtuse termination is directed downwards, and 
 is sharp pointed underneath. Benoath the extremity of the 
 radial joint, there is also a much smaller, curved, and blunt- 
 pointod apophysis. The digital joint is rather large, and of a 
 round-oval form ; the palpal organs are not prominent, and 
 their structure is very simple. 
 
290 
 
 Found, but rarely, on Bloxworth Heath, where it sits among 
 the hoather bloom, and in the blossoms of such other flowers as 
 grow on heathy wastes. It is adult in Juno and July. I have 
 also found it on Lyndhurst Heath, and have rocoived it from tho 
 Heath district near Wokingham ; and no doubt it is generally 
 dispersed over similar localities throughout the South of Eng- 
 land. The Rev. C. W. Ponny, of Wellington College, who has 
 kindly sent it to mo from Wokingham, tells me that he finds 
 tho pink specimens on pink flowers, and tho yollower ones on 
 yollow flowers. I have, however, myeolf found both pink and 
 yollow 6pecimons on the pink blooms of the heather. (See 
 Introduction, p. xxx). 
 
 GENUS MISUMENA, Latr. THOMISUS, Blackw. in part. 
 This genus is closoly allied to the forogoing (ThomimeJ. But 
 among other differences it may bo mentioned that the lateral 
 marginal constriction of tho caput is loss strong ; the cephalo- 
 thorax is rathor shorter and broader ; the caput has no conical 
 eminences at the fore cornors of the upper side (though the 
 latoral eyos boing seated on slightly divergent tubercles, those 
 parts have a somewhat sub-angular appearance), and the 
 abdomen, though in the females it is broader behind than in 
 front (in the male it is oval), is rounded at that part, and not 
 angular oithor before or behind. The clypeus also is scarcely 
 equal in height to half that of the facial space ; the eyes of the 
 hinder row are equidistant from each other, and the four central 
 ones form more nearly a square than in Thomisus. 
 
 The spiders of this genus have similar habits to those of 
 Thomisus. Two species only have as yet been recorded in Britain, 
 and one of those is found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 MISUMENA VATIA. 
 Aeaneus vatitts, Clerch., Sv. Spindl., p. 128, pi. vi., tab. 5. 
 TnoMisus citheus, Walclc, Bhchv., Spid. Groat Brit, andlrol., 
 p. 88, pi. iv., fig. 53. 
 The length of tho malo varios from 1J to 2 lines, and that of 
 tho female from 4 to 5 linos. 
 
291 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of tho female has a broad, central, longi- 
 tudinal, pale yellowish-white band, slightly clouded with duBky 
 trreonish-brown behind the eyes ; on each side of this band is a 
 narrower one of a dull olive-green hue, softening off into the, 
 brownish-yellow colour of tho remaindor, which terminates 
 laterally with a fine marginal whitish line. 
 
 The legs of tho first two pairs are moderately long, strong, 
 and scarcoly different in length ; beneath the metatarsi are two 
 longitudinal rows of spines, with a few less strong ones beneath 
 the tibise. Tho third and fourth pairs are much shorter and less 
 strong, but of almost oqual length ; all are of a yellowish hue, 
 and their relative length is 1.2.4.3. 
 
 The abdomen is large and projects over the base of tho 
 cephalo-thorax ; it is much broader behind than in front, and is 
 rounded at both extremities. The five impressed spots are con- 
 spicuous in the form of a regular isosceles triangle on the fore 
 part of the upper side, with sometimes two other similar spots 
 bohind them. Its colour is yellowish, but different examples 
 vary a good deal, from yellow to greenish-yellow and greenish- 
 white ; a very pretty varioty is not unfroquent in which there 
 is a broad irregular, obliquely, longitudinal, blood-red band 
 on each side of the fore half of the abdomen ; sometimes these 
 bands are each divided into two large, irregular blotches. 
 
 The cophalo-thorax of the male is dark, brownish- 
 black on the sides with a longitudinal, central, whitish- 
 green band, slightly tinged with reddish-brown, in the 
 region of the four central eyes. The legs of the two first pairs 
 are much longer in proportion than those of the female ; they 
 are of a dark roddisk-brown hue, annulated more or less 
 distinctly with brownish-yellow on the tibiee and metatarsi; 
 the third and fourth pairs are very short, and of a dull yellowish- 
 green colour. Tho palpi are short, of a pale hue, excepting the 
 digital joint, which is largo, and of a short-oval form. The 
 radial joint is smaller than tho cubital, and has a large apophysis 
 at its extremity on tho outer side onding in a sharp curved point. 
 
292 
 
 The palpal organs are of simple form and structure, with a 
 small curved spine at their extromity on the outer side. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, rather depressed on the upper side, and 
 covers the base of the cophalo-thorax ; its colour above is pale 
 greenish- white, with two black, longitudinal, nearly parallol 
 bands on tho hinder half, on each side is an irregular longi- 
 tudinal band of the same colour running to the spinnors, and 
 the under side is reddish-brown with a broad, central, longitu- 
 dinal band of a dark roddish-brown huo approaching to black. 
 
 The great dissimilarity botween tho males and females ef this 
 family make it often nocessary to describe each sex at longth. 
 
 This is a common spidor in Dorsetshire (and, indeed, in most 
 other parts of England). It may be found on various plants 
 and flowers, in which it lies concealed both by the petals and 
 other parts, as well as very often by its own similarity to them 
 in colour. I have found the female very partial to tho blooms 
 of the great mullein ( Vtrbascum thapsttsj, and have more than 
 once seen it catch and kill a bee which had come to suck the 
 honey from the flower. On another 'occasion I observed one, 
 hidden among the petals of a rose, catch a small copper butter- 
 fly ( Chrysophanus phlceasj, which it quickly overpowered and 
 killed. The bloom of the furze is also a favourito resort of 
 Misicmena vatia. The males are genorally wandorers from plant 
 to plant, and from flowor to flower, while the female remains for 
 a long time in one place. 
 
 GENUS DI^EA, Thorett. THOMISUS, Blackw., in part. 
 
 The genus Dim is closely allied both to Hisumena and Thomisut. 
 The curvo, however, of the front row of eyes is much less strong 
 than that of tho same row in thoso genera, and the two rows are 
 thus nearly concentric ; the lateral eyes of the front row are 
 distinctly larger (in proportion) than those of the two foregoing 
 genera, the interval between the eyes of each latoral pair being also 
 greater. Tho four centrals form a quadrangle, whose length is 
 greater than its breadth. Tho abdomen (in both sexes) is oval, 
 and the disproportion in the length of the legs of the two first, 
 
293 
 
 and third and fourth pairs is even greater than that of Misumena ; 
 and thore are also somo slender spines on the femora, as ■well as 
 others throughout the tibiae and metatarsi. The difference in 
 size between the sexes is not as great as in Mitumena. 
 
 Two species only are recorded as British, and of these one is 
 found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 DliEA DORSATA. 
 Aeanea dorsata, Fair., Gen. Insect., p. 249. 
 Thomisus floiuoolens, Walch., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irol., p. 76., pi. iv., fig. 44. 
 
 The length of the fomalo varios from 2£ to 3 lines, and that 
 of the male from 2 to 2J lines. 
 
 Tho cophalo-thorax of the female is of a yellowish-green hue, 
 rather whitish on the hindor part of tho caput. The legs are of 
 a similar colour, and have somo strong spines beneath the tibise 
 and metatarsi of the first and second pairs ; also a few slender 
 ones on the femora. In some examplos the cephalo-thorax and 
 legs (excepting the tarsi and metatarsi) are of a bright clear 
 green, the two joints mentioned being dull brownish-yellow. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, of a pale dull yellow hue, and the upper 
 side, which is rather flattened, is almost entirely occupied by a 
 large, oval, dark red-brown area whose margins are more or less 
 irregularly indented and darker coloured than the rest, heing 
 also sometimes bounded by an outer yellow edging. 
 
 The male has the legs of the first and second pairs slender and of 
 groat length ; they are of a light reddish-brown colour with the 
 extremities of the joints dark red-brown. The femora are often 
 greenish, spotted underneath with small red-brown spots, and 
 have some long slender spines along their upper sides. The 
 cophalo-thorax is reddish-brown, with an oblique dark red- 
 brown stripe running backwards from each hind-lateral eye ; 
 the ocular region is also darkish red-brown. 
 
 The palpi are short, of a dull yellowish colour, tho digital 
 joint being rather small, oval, pointed at the end, and of a dark 
 brown huo. The radial joint has the outer extremity produced 
 
into a rather long, strong, bifid apophysis ; and underneath the 
 joint is another apophysis, curved, but shortor and less strong 
 than the other. Tho palpal organs are of simple structure, and 
 are almost encircled by a slender black spine. 
 
 The abdomen has a dark -brown area on the upper side similar 
 to that of the female, but along the middle of tho fore part is a 
 yellowish line followed to the spinners by a series of triangular 
 markings of the same colour ; on each side is a longitudinal, 
 dark, red-brown band, leaving a yellowish one between it and 
 the dark area on the upper side. 
 
 The greon tints on this spider are much brighter in some 
 examples than in others, and they fade away very soon after 
 immersion in spirits of wino, leaving only a dull hue. 
 
 Dim dorsata is not rare on trees and bushes iu woods and othor 
 situations at Bloxworth and Glanvillos Wootton. It has also 
 been met with in other parts of England, as well as in North 
 Wales. 
 
 The adult males may often be found in June running on 
 iron railings on bright warm days. Thoy are exceedingly active, 
 and bo readily part with their limbs, on being taken hold of, that 
 it is almost impossible to capture a male with the fingors without 
 the loss of several legs. They should, therefore, only be caught 
 with an empty glass tube being placed carefully over them as 
 recommended at p. xxxix. There are few prettier British 
 spidors than the present when adult and in good condition. 
 
 GENUS XYSTICUS, C. L. Koch. THOMISUS, Blaohw., in 
 part. 
 Tho spiders of this genus bear a close genoral resemblance to 
 those of Dim. They are, however, of a shorter, stouter, stronger 
 build; tho legs of the two first pairs are also shorter, and 
 always havo spines on all the metatarsi, tibiee, and femora. The 
 fore-lateral oyes are more distinctly largor than the rest, and 
 the four contrals form nearly a squaro figure, but almost always 
 rather broader than long. The laterals are seated on confluent 
 tubercles. 
 
295 
 
 The abdomen is much broador bohind than in front, its cuticle 
 is of a very firm texture, and (as well as the cephalo-thorax) 
 it is clothed thinly with rather long, prominent bristles or bristly 
 hairs. 
 
 In distinguishing the male spiders of this gonus (some of 
 which are remarkably similar in general appearanco, colours and 
 markings) the apophysis at the extremity of the radial joints 
 of tho palpi, as woll as tho processes of tho palpal organs, must 
 be carefully examined, since those afford unfailing char- 
 acters for determining the species. This is so, of course, in 
 regard to all spiders, but their help is more necessary here than 
 in some other genera. The palpi are always short ; the 
 digital joint is largo, of a short, broad-oval form pointod at tho 
 extremity. The difference in the relative sizo of tho Boxes is not 
 excessive. 
 
 Tho characteristic abdominal pattern, in both sexes of Xystieus, 
 is a broad dark area on the upper side, occupying almost the 
 whole surface, and taking its form from that of the abdomen, on 
 tho upper side of which there is a longitudinal, strongly dentated, 
 pale band, varying in the greater or less perfection of its outline, 
 and in its breadth, as well as in the presence or absence of spots 
 and other markings on it. The broad area mentioned will be 
 referred to in tho subsequent descriptions as simply the upper side, 
 even though sometimes no more of it is left unoccupied by tho 
 central dentated band than an irregular border. The central 
 band will also be simply referred to as the dentated band. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax also has a distinctive pattern, very similar 
 in all the species of Xysticus, and to which allusion must be 
 made here. A broad, central, longitudinal, pale band runs to, and 
 often through and beyond, tho ocular aroa ; at tho fore end of 
 this band (beginning close behind the eyes) is a dark marking 
 of an angular form, tho point of the angle directed backwards. 
 Sometimes this marking is of a wedge-shape, and sometimes 
 curvi-latoral or spade-shaped; sometimes, when of the latter 
 form, thoro is a wedge-shaped dark marking within its area, 
 and in this caso it is of a paler huo than the rest of tho 
 
296 
 
 band. The different form, extent and colouring of this marking 
 is almost always a good specific character. It will be referred to 
 in the following descriptions as the central marking. 
 
 The genus Xysticiu comprises sixteen known British species, 
 of which twolve have already been met with in Dorsetshire. 
 They are found on low plants, underwood, the lower boughs of 
 trees, particularly old oaks, and furze bushes, especially when 
 tho latter are in bloom, also undor stonos, among moss, and at the 
 base of grass stems and other herbage as -well as on the ground. 
 The males of some species may frequently be seen running on 
 roads and pathways in the bright warm weather of spring and 
 summer. 
 
 XYSTICUS VIATICUS. 
 
 Xystious viatiotjs, C. L. Koch. Die Arachn., vol. xii., p. 70, 
 pi. 412, figs. 1003-4. 
 
 Thomisus viatious, Canibr., Trans.-Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 528. 
 
 Xtstious viatious, Ibid., Ann. and Mag. N.H., s. 4, p. 253. 
 
 The length of tho male is 2 to 2£ linos, and of tho female 3 to 
 3£ lines. 
 
 The cophalo-thorax is furnishod with strongish, prominont 
 bristles, and is thickly marblod on the sides with doep reddish- 
 brown and yellow ; the longitudinal band is of a dull brownish 
 orange-yellow, or yellowish-whito hue, and tho central marking is 
 long and genorally of a rogular wodgo-shape ; its fine point 
 reaches backwards to the thoracic junction ; its colour is also 
 deep reddish-brown, longitudinally striatod, and marbled with 
 yellow. 
 
 The legs are strong and tolerably long — 1.2.4.3. They are of 
 a brownish-yollow colour, tho femora (and in a less degree tho 
 genual and tibial joints also) spotted, marbled, and suffused 
 •with deep rod-brown, most densely on the uppor side ; the two 
 lattor joints have also, on that side, a longitudinal whitish lino. 
 The spines are tolerably long, and strong. 
 
 The palpi are dull yellow-brown, mottled and suffused with 
 reddish-brown. The digital joint has a strong prominence at 
 
297 
 
 the middle of its outer side. The radial joint is slightly shorten 
 than the cubital, very strong, and has a short, straight, stoutieh, 
 obtuse apophysis at the extremity of tho outer side, and fitting 
 closely to the edge of tho digital joint (this outer apophysis is very 
 similar in all the spocies of Xysticus) ; beneath tho joint is 
 another of equal length, obtuse, and truncated at the extremity, 
 which has also an angular point at its inner, or under, corner. 
 The palpal organs are encircled by a strong black spine, whose 
 fine point is curved, and in connection with the extremity of the 
 prominence on the outer side of the digital joint and close to the 
 extremity of the outer radial apophysis. At the hinder part of 
 tho palpal organs are two strong, prominent, nearly adjacent, 
 very characteristic, bent processes. One of these (the posterior) 
 is enlarged at its extremity, something in the form of a clubbed 
 foot; tho anterior one has its oxtromity obtuse and strongly 
 curved, and at about the middlo of the fore side there is a small 
 prominent, sharp, tooth-liko projection. 
 
 The abdomen is f urnishod with strong bristles, and is of an oval 
 form, flattish above, obtusoly pointed behind, and truncatedin front. 
 It is of a doop brown colour, tinged with reddish on the upper 
 side, and bordered distinctly with yellowish-white. The dentated 
 land is well defined, but broken edged and yellowish-white ; it 
 consists of a series of 3. — 4., somewhat curvi-linear, triangular 
 markings connected together, and of which the anterior ono is 
 obtuse at its apox, and occupies the fore-half of tho upper side ; 
 the two posterior onos boing somotimos no more than transverse 
 curved bars ; this band is somotimos suffused with reddish-brown 
 forwards, and is usually thinly spotted with deep red-brown, in 
 addition to the ordinary impressed spots, of which the three 
 anterior ones form a conspicuous triangle on its fore part. Tho 
 sides and under part are of a warm brown colour, tinged with 
 reddish, and tho latter has two, widely soparated, longitudinal, 
 indistinct, whitish, curvod bands. 
 
 The female resombles the male in markings, but her colours 
 though very distinct, are paler ; tho legs are shorter, and the 
 abdomen is much broador bohind than in front. Some examples 
 
298 
 
 of the male are also much darkor and richer coloured than others. 
 Found, though very raroly, at Bloxworth and Glanvilles 
 
 Wootton ; but moro abundantly among short herbage and 
 
 grasses on the "Weymouth shores of tho Chesil Beach, close to 
 
 Portland, in tho months of June and July. I have also received 
 
 it from Scotland. 
 
 XYSTICUS CRISTATUS. 
 
 Araneub oiustattjs, Clerck., Sv. Spindl. p. 136, pi. vi., tab. 6. 
 
 Tnoiusus oiustattjs, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 68, 
 pi. iv., fig. 38. 
 This spidor is very closely allied to Xysticua viaticus, 0. L. 
 Koch ; it is, however, usually rather smallor. Tho male measures 
 from 2 to 2£ linos, and tho female from 3 to occasionally 4 lines. 
 In colours and markings the resemblance between the 
 two species is exceedingly close; tho for© part, however, 
 of the dentated abdominal band in the male is less 
 spotted, frequently without spots at all. Tho central 
 marking on the cephalo-thorax is wedge-shaped like that 
 of Xysticua viaticus, but is more oven on its edges, and is often 
 plaoed on an oval, whitish patch, which does not extend quite to 
 the extreme point of the central marking, and forms a sort of 
 curved white border to the greator part of it. The bristles on 
 the oephalo-thorax and abdomen aro much shorter, and less strong 
 than those of Xysticua viaticus ; but the most tangible point of 
 distinction, in the male, is in the form of the two posterior, 
 prominent processes of the palpal organs ; the hinder one of 
 these is shorter, broador, of a somewhat concave form, pointed 
 at its slightly bent extremity, and has a short, sharp, erect, 
 thorn-like point on the outer side in front of its base. The 
 anterior process is first strongly bent forwards, and then sharply 
 curved at right angles, with its acute point directed inwards, 
 and just on tho outer side of the last bend is a short, conical, 
 but sharpish, point. 
 
 In other respects the form and structure of the palpal organs 
 are very like those of the last species. 
 
299 
 
 The female is by no means so easily distinguished from that 
 of Xysticua viaticua as the male ; perhaps the most reliable dis- 
 tinguishing character is tho commonly far less strong, and 
 shorter, bristles on tho cephalo-thorax and abdomon. There is, 
 however, some slight difference in the spiny armature of the 
 fomora of tho first pair of logs, though I am not yet convinced 
 of its constancy; and the abdominal markings are usually 
 paler and less distinctly dofinod. 
 
 Xysticus cristatus is ono of our most abundant and generally 
 distributed British spiders. It is found in spring and summor in 
 fiolds and waste grounds, among grass and horbago as woll as on low 
 plants and furzo bushos, also among moss and under stones. 
 Tho malos may often be seen crossing roads and pathways at a 
 swift paco, as woll as on bar© sheltered patches, sunning 
 themselves under tho fringe of grass or other surrounding 
 horbago. So far as my own experience goes I havo not 
 found Xysticua cristatus in any abundance, in fact scarcely at all, 
 in the locality where Xysticua viaticua has frequently occurred, 
 though, no doubt, they do occur together. In order to guard, 
 as much as possiblo, against mixing the females of the two 
 speoies together, thoso of this sex, found where the males of 
 Xysticua viaticua occur in plenty, should be kept carefully 
 soparate from all othors. 
 
 XYSTICUS riNI. 
 
 Thomisus pini, Eahi., Die Arachn. I., p. 26, tab. viii., fig. 23. 
 Xystictjs atjdax, C. L. Koch, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 70, pi. iv., fig. 39, sub Thomisua. 
 
 This spider is very closely allied to Xysticua cristatus, Clerck. ; 
 it is, however, usually rathor smallor. Tho malo measuring If 
 to 2J- lines in longth, and the female from 2J to 3 linos. 
 
 The general pattorn of Xysticus pini closely resembles that of 
 Xysticus cristatus, but its colouring is commonly richer, tho 
 darkor parts (of tho malo especially) being much more nearly 
 black, and tho lighter parts ofton white. There is, however, a 
 
300 
 
 lighter yellow-brown variety (common in Germany), but which I 
 have never met with yet in England. This variety is very diffi- 
 cult to distinguish, at first, from Xysticus cristatus. The central 
 dark marking on the cephalo-thorax is, however, always much 
 shorter than that of Xysticus cristatus, and is curvi-lateral, form- 
 ing the hinder half of a pointed-oval figure, the space bohind 
 this is white, or yellowish ; and its termination, just short of the 
 thoracic junction, is of a similar form. The dark central marking 
 is sometimes very dark (almost black), and distinctly defined, with 
 occasionally some yellowish marks on it ; at other times it is paler, 
 with some dark blotches upon it, but it nevor runs backwards in 
 a long, tapering, wedge-shape, as in Xysticus cristatus. The 
 legs are usually more distinctly marbled. The palpi are very 
 similar in genoral structure, but the anterior, prominent process 
 towards the base of the palpal organs differs in the very decided 
 T-shape it assumes. The upright portion of the T is shorter 
 and less bent than the corresponding part of that process in 
 Xysticus cristatus, and the top (or cross piece) is at right angles 
 to the stem on both sides, though the arm on one side is longer 
 and slenderer than the other. The posterior process, though 
 very similar in form to that of Xysticus cristatus, is larger in 
 proportion, and its pointed extremity is rather longer. The 
 abdomen is of a shorter-oval form, and, in the abdominal pattern, 
 the upper side, of our commonest variety, is black-brown ; the 
 dentated band is white, or yellowish-white, very distinctly dofined, 
 and seldom marked with dark spots or markings ; when these 
 are present they are few and minute. The sides are yellowish- 
 brown, spotted with white, often marked with slightly oblique, 
 indistinct lines of dark spots, which emanate from the margins 
 of the upper side. 
 
 Another, less abundant, variety has the upper side of a much 
 lighter hue, being of a dull greyish olive-brown colour, marked 
 with irregular black spots on the outer margins, and on the 
 posterior sides of the angles of the dontated band, which is of a 
 greyer hue. The black marking behind the anterior angle on each 
 side of the dentated band is stronger than the rest, and gives the 
 
301 
 
 abdomen a very characteristic look, not at all unlikethatof the next 
 species — Xysticus sabulosus, Hahn. The female varies very much 
 in the generally darker or lighter shade of its colouring, but, 
 porhaps the most usual variety is very like that of the malo last 
 described. The female has also at the hinder extremity on each 
 side of the cephalo-thorax an almost always well denned spot, 
 breaking out of, and of the same colour as the central whitish 
 band. Tho central dark marking behind the eyes is seldom well 
 dofined in this sex, and often quite obsolete. Some examples 
 have the sides and fore part of the abdomen suffused with red- 
 brown. 
 
 The only situation in which I have found this species, in any 
 abundance, is on furze bushes, when in bloom, growing on 
 tho outskirts of woods which border upon hoaths and commons 
 in the months of May and June. In such situations it is tolor- 
 ably abundant at Bloxworth and in the neighbourhood ; I have 
 also received it from Glanvilles "Wootton — from Mr. C. "W. Dale 
 — and have met with it in abundance near Oxford. It has beon 
 found also in other parts of England as well as in Scotland. 
 
 XYSTICUS SABULOSUS. 
 
 Tuomisus sabulostjs, Ealm., Die Arachn. I., p. 28, tab. viii., 
 fig. 4. 
 ,, „ Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 72, 
 
 pi. iv., fig. 41. 
 
 Thomisus rufopictus, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxxviii., p. 
 436. 
 
 Adult malo length, 2£ lines ; female, 3 lines. 
 
 In general appearanco this spider bears considerable r esomblance 
 to very pale varietios of Xysticus pini, Hahn. It is, however, 
 iifually a much larger spider. Tho sides of tho cephalo-thorax are 
 brown, varying in shade from pale yellow-brown to reddish and 
 dark brown, slightly peppered, as it usually is, with very fine grey 
 points, and tho margins are yellowish white. The central longi- 
 tudinal baud is broad, and greyish-white, the normal dark mark- 
 
302 
 
 ing on the fore part (close behind the eyes) is of a pointed oval 
 form at its hinder extremity ; it is of a brownish hue, always 
 faint and often obsolete ; on each side towards the hinder 
 Gitromity of the central longitudinal band is a patch of a much 
 deeper brown than tho rest. 
 
 The legs are marblod with whito, yellow-brown, and various 
 shades of red-brown ; sometimes, but not often, in a somewhat 
 irregularly annulated form. 
 
 The palpi are short, the radial joint has two apophyses at its 
 extremity on the outer side, the foremost of these is rather 
 obtusely pointed, and the hinder one is depressed and rounded at 
 its extremity. 
 
 The digital joint is of moderate size, and tho palpal organs are 
 neither very prominent nor complex. 
 
 Tho abdomen is oval (in the female it is broador behind than in 
 front) and somewhat flattened on the upper side. This is of a 
 dull brownish-grey hue, more or less marked and peppered with 
 black, and broadly margined with greyish- white ; the dentated 
 hand is greyish- white, slightly speckled with minute dark points, 
 and tolerably well denned ; it differs from that of the three fore- 
 going species, by its getting much narrower, after tho two first 
 donticulations, and being then but very slightly denticulated 
 during the rest of its progress to the spinners. Close behind the 
 foremost denticulation, on each side, is a strong, but short, trans- 
 verse conspicuous, black bar, which, together with the black 
 spots in the shallow denticulations near the hinder extremity of 
 the band, give a strongly distinctive character to the abdominal 
 markings of this species. The sides are dark grey, markod with 
 several broken oblique lines of black spots, which emanato from 
 the upper side, crossing also its white marginal border. The 
 under side is of a pale greyish yellow-brown colour. In some 
 examples the fore part of the upper side (on each side of the 
 dentated band) is red-brown, now and then of a brightish rust- 
 red hue, the dentated band being also much darker than usual. 
 This variety has been described as a distinct species — Thomism 
 rufopictue (I.e. supra) though with a conjecture at the time that 
 
303 
 
 it might possibly bo a variety of Xydicus sabulosus. The sexes 
 do not differ much, excepting that tho males are usually darker 
 than the fomalos. 
 
 This spider is not rare on sandy and gravelly hoaths at Blox- 
 worth and in the neighbourhood ; it may be seen on the bare 
 spots where turf has been cut, and on which it loves to sun itself 
 on tho bright warm days of spring and early summer ; it is, how- 
 ever, not easily detoctcd, its grey, black, brown, and red-brown 
 colours, making it look oxactly like tho minuto grey, mottled 
 stones with which these bare sx^ots almost always abound ; in 
 fact, after many years experience, I am myself almost unable to 
 detect it until it moves, which it always does, at least to the 
 extent of drawing in its cxtondod legs when it is closely 
 approached ; by this slight movement it can be easily detected. 
 
 Although not rare, I have in the course of more than 
 twenty years found but very few males in the adult state, and, 
 fewer still, of the adult female. It is adult at the end of summer 
 and beginning of autumn ; but immature examples may be found 
 throughout the year. 
 
 XYSTICUS LANIO. 
 
 Xystictjs LANio, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn. xii., p. 77, pi. 414, fig. 
 1009-10. 
 ,, „ Canibr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 43G. 
 
 Tho longth of tho male is from 2 J to 2 J lines, and of tha 
 female from 3 to 3J lines. 
 
 In its general form this spider resemblos Xysticus cristatus, 
 Clerck, and Xysticus viaticus, C. L. Koch., but it may be at once 
 distinguished by the yellow-rod tono of its colouring, as well 
 as by differences in the shape of tho markings, both of the 
 cephalo-thorax and abdomen. 
 
 The sides of the cephalo-thorax of the male are of a rather 
 bright reddish hue, slightly mottled with yellow ; the longitudinal 
 band is pale yollow ; and tho contral marking behind the eyos is 
 short and, generally, curvi-linoarly pointed at its hinder extremity, 
 beyond which is the usual yollowish-white prolongation, or 
 
304 
 
 reduplication, reaching to the thoracic junction. Tho colour of 
 the contral marking is similar to that of tho sides of tho cephalo- 
 thorax, from which its anterior portion is usually separated by a 
 narrow, yellowish-white, lateral margin. The ocular region is 
 yellowish, and the surface of the cephalo-thorax is coverod with 
 strongish bristles. 
 
 Tho logs aro rather lightor coloured than the cephalo-thorax, 
 and are mottled, and somctimos linearly striped, with a whitish 
 hue. Tho spines aro numerous and strong. 
 
 The palpi are short, and similar to tho logs in colour. Tho 
 radial joint is equal to the cubital in length, and has a not very 
 largo, pointed apophysis at its extremity on the outer side, 
 adhering closely to the side of tho digital joint, with a much 
 largor, obtueoly truncated one underneath. The digital joint is 
 of moderate sizo, oval, pointed in front, and marbled with 
 whitish. Tho palpal organs are not very complex; at their 
 hinder part aro two prominent processes, the anterior of which 
 is the strongest, longest, and enlarged at its extremity. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, truncatod in front, and covered thinly 
 (liko the cephalo-thorax) with prominent bristles. The upper 
 side is of a dark red-brown hue, margined, but rather narrowly, 
 with dull yellowish-white. The dentatod band is yollowisk- 
 white, marked with a fow rod-brown points, and its fore part is, 
 occasionally, strongly suffused with red-brown. Tho lateral 
 indentations of this band are much doeper than in Xysticm 
 orhtatus, and the denticulations are consequently much longer, but 
 narrowor, giving tho abdomen a more transversely-banded 
 appearance. The foremost of tho usual five depressed spots is 
 large, of a reddish-brown colour, and conspicuous near the fore 
 extremity of the dentated band. The sides and under part are of 
 a warm reddish-brown colour, slightly mottled with whitish. 
 
 The femalo is like the male in its markings, but is of a much 
 paler and dullor hue, and the abdomen is broader and rounder 
 towards its hinder extremity. 
 
 This very pretty species is not rare at Bloxworth and in other 
 parts of Dorsetshire on low trees and underwood (especially in 
 
305 
 
 oak woods) in the month of June. It is also found in various 
 localities in England, and I have received it from Scotland. 
 
 XYSTICUS LUCTUOSU9. 
 
 Tnonisus LtroTuosus, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irol., p. 78, 
 pi. iv., fig. 45. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Xysticm lanio, 0. L. Koch., and 
 rosomblos it closely in sizo and form ; it has not, however, the 
 red hue, characteristic of that species, the dark parts being of a 
 dooper brown colour ; it is also less bristly, and its pattern is 
 loss distinct. 
 
 Tho sides of tho cephalo-thorax of tho male are of a very 
 (loop, rich, blackish-brown hue, slightly marbled and stroakod 
 with yellow-brown, and with a narrow, yellowish, marginal line. 
 Tho longitudinal band is rather narrow at tho hinder part, and is 
 of a brownish-yollow colour. The central marking, behind the 
 eyes, is similar in colour to the sides, frequently marbled and 
 striped with brownish-yollow ; its fore part is somewhat 
 quadrate, and its hinder part, the sides of which are hollow or 
 incurvated, is drawn out, to the thoracic junction, into a sharp 
 linear point ; there is often a slight gap, or break near the point, 
 around which the colour is yellow. 
 
 The legs have the femora of the first two pairs of a deep 
 brown colour, tinged with red, and slightly marbled with 
 brownish-yellow. The tibite and genua are rather paler, and 
 marked also with whitish-yellow ; tho metatarsi and tarsi are 
 pale yellowish-brown ; the spines aro not nearly so numorous 
 nor so strong as in Xysticm lanio. 
 
 Tho palpi aro short, the colour of the humoral joint is like that 
 of tho fomora of tho logs ; tho cubital, radial, and digital joints 
 aro yollowish-brown ; tho radial is rather shorter than tho 
 digital joint, and tho apophysis at its extromity, on tho outor 
 side, is long and pointod, while that undornoath is much 
 stronger, and has a crescent-shaped termination^ 
 
306 
 
 Tho palpal organs aro of very simple structure, with no 
 prominent processes. 
 
 The abdomen is truncated before, a littlo broader behind, and 
 obtusely pointed at its hinder extremity. The upper side is 
 deep brown, slightly tinged with reddish, and irregularly 
 margined with yellowish-white ; the dontatod band is generally 
 moro or loss obsolete, being usually only traceable by some 
 broken, transverse, yellowish-white linos or markings ; occa- 
 sionally it is moro distinct, but it is even then much marked 
 and suffused with dark reddish-brown, and its outlines are 
 always broken and irrogular. One example, however, in my 
 possession has this band quite free from dark markings, and 
 almost exactly like that of Xysticus lanio, but with less regular 
 
 The female is much lighter coloured and less distinctly 
 marked than the male. The dentated band on the abdomen is 
 scarcely defined at all, being only of a very little lighter hue than 
 tho rest ; the whole abdomen is of a dull brownish colour, thickly 
 and minutely freckled with whitish, as well as with darker 
 points interspersed here and thero with a larger red-brown spot. 
 
 This is rather a rare spider, but I have found it occasionally by 
 sweeping among low plants, grass, and other herbage in open 
 places in woods, at Bloxworth, in Juno and July. It has also 
 been found in North "Wabs. It may be distinguished without 
 much difficulty from its congeners by its indistinctly defined, 
 abdominal markings, and its generally dark colours, as well as 
 by tho form of tho central marking behind the eyes. 
 
 XYSTICUS ROBUSTUS. 
 
 TnoMisus robustus, JTahn., Die Arachn. I., p. 50. tab. xiii., fig. 
 
 38, A.C. 
 Xtstious morio, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn. IV., p. 51, tab. exxv., 
 fig. 289. 
 ,, ,, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 436. 
 
 Length of the male, 2 J lines. 
 This fine spider may bo oasily recognised by its short, broad, 
 
307 
 
 robust form, and almost uniform, rich, deep black-brown colour, 
 slightly marbled with, yellow-red, and by the- structure of the radial 
 joint of the palpus. There is but little trace of the longitu- 
 dinal band on the cephalo-thorax ; but the central marking bohind 
 the eyes is traceable by a broken marginal reddish-yellow lino. 
 It ia also more marbled with yellow-red than the sides of the 
 cephalo-thorax, and is sometimes divided longitudinally by a 
 very deep black-brown stripe. 
 
 The legs are strong, and moderately long. The femoral and 
 genual joints are of tho same colour as the sides of the cephalo- 
 thorax, though rathor moro marbled with yellow and yellow- 
 red ; the tibice, tarsi, and metatarsi are much paler. 
 
 The palpi are similar in their general form and appearance to 
 others of this genus, and are like the legs in colour ; the 
 radial joint has three apophyses at its extremity — two on the 
 outer side and ono underneath ; tho latter is strong, prominent, 
 obtuse at its extremity, and curved. The upper one of the 
 other two is stronger and longer than the lower one, both boing 
 somowhat pointed. The digital joint is rather large, and the 
 palpal organs are neither very prominent nor complox. 
 
 The abdomen, which (as well as the cephalo-thorax) is covered 
 with short bristles, is short, broad, and truncate before, and 
 broader behind than in front. It projects considerably over the 
 base of tho cephalo-thorax, to which its general colouring is also 
 very similar. The dentated band on the upper sido is gonerally 
 almost obsolete, or only traceable by some small, scattered, 
 yellowish- white spots, indicating the different donticulations ; 
 the usual pale marginal border of the upper side is also repre- 
 sented only by a few similar spots round that part ; now and 
 thon the dentated band is also traceable by its being of a slightly 
 paler hue than the rest of the surface. 
 
 This is an exceedingly rare spider ; I have met with only ono 
 oxamplo during twenty-five years — an adult male, sunning 
 itself on a bare patch of sandy heath, at Bloxworth, in the 
 month of May, 1854. I am unacquainted with tho female; 
 according to M. Simon, however (Araehn,, do France, torn II. 
 
308 
 
 p. 197), it would appear to diffor from tlio male only in size, and 
 in being of a paler hue. Its habitat, according to that author, ia 
 under stones in woods. 
 
 XYSTICUS CAMBRIDGII. 
 
 Thomisus GiMBRiDan, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 81, pi. iv., fig. 54. 
 
 The female (which is the only sex at present known of this 
 fine and handsome spider) measuros 3-lOtbs of an inch, or very 
 nearly four lines, in length. 
 
 The sides of the cephalo-thorax are yellowish-brown, mottled 
 with yellowish-white, and with the lateral margins and longitu- 
 dinal band, also of a yellowish-white colour. On oach side, near 
 the hinder part of this band, is a largish black patch. The central 
 marking, behind the eyes, has a curvi-linear, short point at its 
 posterior extremity ; being, howover, very indistinctly traceable, 
 and of a yellowish-brown colour. Just above the falces is a 
 transverse marginal row of short, prominent, bristles. 
 
 The legs are short and strong ; those of tho two first pairs are 
 yollowish-white, marblod, suffused, and patched with red-brown, 
 but least so in front of the femora of tho first pair The colours of 
 the third and fourth pairs are very similar, but differently dis- 
 tributed; being pretty distinctly annulated with yellowish- 
 white, and deep blackish red-brown. The spines are short and 
 strong. The abdomen is rounded, and much broader behind 
 than in front ; the upper side is thinly furnished with short, 
 strong bristles; it is of a dull, rather greyish rod-brown 
 huo, and has no marginal border. The usual dentated band is 
 only traceable by one or two pale, indistinct, slightly oblique, 
 transverse linos ; but thore is a more conspicuous, longitudinal, 
 central, narrow, yellowish stripe, which does not, however, touch 
 either the fore or hinder extremity. The sides and hinder part 
 (above the spinners) are pale yellowish-white ; the former have 
 some indistinct, black, oblique streaks, and tho hinder part is 
 thinly, but rather regularly, spotted with black ; tho under side 
 is suffused with brown. 
 
309 
 A single example of this spicier is the only one yot recorded. 
 It was found on a bare sandy spot, among heather, at Bloxworth, 
 in September, 1857. 
 
 XYSTICUS EERATICUS. 
 
 Thomist/s ereatious, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 71, 
 pi. iv., fig. 40. 
 
 The length of the male is 2J lines, and that of the female 3J 
 lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is short and broad. The colour of that of 
 the male is reddish yellow-brown ; the central longitudinal band 
 is bordered on each side by a broadish, deop, red-brown, stripo ; 
 and the lateral margins have a similar, though rather paler, 
 stripe. The central marking, behind the eyes, is defined by a 
 narrow, but clear, whitish-j'ollow, marginal lino ; the form of 
 its pointed posterior extremity is curvi-linear, and it is sometimes 
 divided longitudinally by a red-brown lino. 
 
 The femoral and gonual joints of the two first pairs of legs are 
 of a deep blackish, red-brown colour ; the tibice, metatarsi, and 
 tarsi, as well as the whole of tho third and fourth pairs being of 
 a reddish-yellow hue ; the femora of all four pairs are usually 
 marked underneath with a longitudinal yellowish line. The 
 spines are tolerably long, numerous, and rather strong. 
 
 The palpi are of the ordinary form, and of a brownish-yellow 
 colour, tingod with red, the humoral joint being tho darkest- 
 The radial joint has a pointed apophysis at its oxtremity on tho 
 outer side, and another prominent ono beneath. Tho digital 
 joint is round-oval, pointed in front, and of tolerable size. The 
 palpal organs are not very complox, but have one or two strong, 
 prominont processes near their base. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, truncated before, rather rounded behind, 
 and projects well over the base of the cephalo-thorax. The 
 upper side is of a dark red-brown colour, variegated with 
 yellowish white ; the longitudinal dontated band is rather woll 
 defined, and of a yellowish-white colour, marked usually with 
 a more or less strong, longitudinal, red-brown, irregular stripe 
 
810 
 
 which is itself commonly bisected longitudinally by a yellowish 
 line. The third or last denticulation (on the hinder part) is 
 represented by a transverse yellow-white stripe, generally 
 detached from the main band. The under side and sides are of 
 a dull red-brown colour. 
 
 The female is much lighter coloured than the male, and its 
 markings, though resembling thoso of that sox, are very indis- 
 tinct. The edges of the upper side of the abdomen are marked 
 with, here and there, a black spot. 
 
 This is a rare spider, but it occurs occasionally at Bloxworth 
 running on footpaths and bare spots in meadows in the month 
 of June. On one occasion (in 1878) I found an adult male among 
 moss and grass in a damp meadow, as late as tho 21st of Septem- 
 ber. It has also been met with in other parts of England, as 
 well as in North Wales and Scotland. 
 
 XYSTICUS ULMI. 
 
 TnoMisus ttliii, Halm. Die Arachn. I., p. 38, Tab. x., fig. 30. 
 ,, westwoodii, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 403, 
 pi. 54, No. 7. 
 Xystictjs bivittatus, Wcstr., Aran. Suoc, p. 417. (in part). 
 
 The male measures l-6th of an inch, or 2 lines, in length; the 
 female is rather larger and considerably more robust. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Xydicus erraticus, Blackw., 
 resombling it very closely in colours and markings. It may, 
 however (in tho male sex), be distinguished without much 
 difficulty, first by the form of the abdomen, which is of a moro 
 elongated shapo ; next by the form of the dentated band on the 
 abdomen, the denticulations on the hinder part being represented 
 by transverse stripes, the foremost (and frequently the second) 
 being very distinctly defined ; in fact, the foremost cuts the 
 upper side into two parts in a very conspicuous way. The foro 
 part of this band is sometimes slightly suffused with roddish- 
 brown, and always has six or eight small red-brown spots 
 
311 
 
 arrangod in pairs, or in two longitudinal parallel rows of three or 
 four each. * 
 
 Another distinguishing character is furnishod by the greater 
 breadth of the red-brown longitudinal bands on each side of the 
 oentral band of the cephalo -thorax. The normal central marking 
 also behind the eyes differs, being dark reddish-brown, and of a 
 long wodgo-shape ; the outline, however, is not always straight, 
 but is sometimes rather convexly curvi-linear, and surroundod 
 by a yellow curvi-linear margin which reaches almost to its 
 extreme point. 
 
 Tho legs are, as nearly as possiblo, liko thoso of Xytticus 
 erraticus, tho femora and gonua being deep reddish-brown, and 
 the rest pale, dull yellow, tinged with olivo, and generally 
 marked with a longitudinal, white line on tho outer sides of the 
 tibiae. 
 
 Tho digital joints of the palpi are rather smaller than those of 
 Xysticus erraticus ; tho radial joint has a short blunt-pointed 
 apophysis at its extremity on tho outer side, closely adhoring to 
 the side of the digital joint, and a very strong ono beneath, 
 prominent, and rather rounded at its extremity. The palpal 
 organs are not very complex ; near their centre, or rather behind 
 it, are two short, prominent, curved corneous processes, ono of 
 which is obtuse and slightly enlarged at its extremity, the other 
 sharp-pointed. These organs are also (like those of several other 
 species of Xysticus) surroundod by a black spine. 
 
 The female is marked like the male, but is very much paler 
 coloured, and the abdomen is (proportionally) broador towards 
 its hinder part. 
 
 This is an exceedingly rare spider in the neighbourhood of 
 Bloxworth, being found among low plants, coarse grass, 
 rushes, and other herbage in damp situations in May and June. 
 I have also received it from Glanvilles Wootton from Mr. C. "W. 
 Dalo. It appears to be much more abundant at Wick Copse, in 
 tho neighbourhood of Oxford, where I found numerous examples 
 in May and June, 1872, in a similar situation to that mentioned 
 above. 
 
312 
 
 XYSTICUS BIFASCIATUS. 
 
 Thomisxjs bifasoiatus, C. L. Koch., Blaclw., Spid. Great Brit, 
 and Irel., p. 79, pi. iv., fig. 46. 
 „ „ Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 408, 
 
 pi. 54, No. 9, o.f.g. 
 
 Tlio length of the male is 3£ lines, and of the fomale 3f- to 4J- 
 linos. 
 
 In its short robust form this spider very nearly resembles 
 Xyrficus robustus, Hahn., but it differs in its colours, as well as 
 notably in tho structure of the palpi and palpal organs. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of the malo is of a dark red-brown hue on 
 the sides, which are finely, but not densely, striped and marked 
 with yollowish-red along their middle portion. The longitudinal 
 band is of a pale, dull, brownish-yollow colour. Tho central 
 marking, behind the eyes, is large, and sharp pointed at its 
 posterior extremity, but of a somewhat sinuous outline, and 
 distinctly margined with cream-yellow. On each side (towards 
 the hinder extremity) of the central band is a black patch. 
 
 The legs are striped longitudinally, on their outer sides, with 
 yellow-brown, dark red-brown, and yellow ; the anterior parts 
 being reddish-brown, mottled with yellowish. The two fore- 
 most pairs are rather darker coloured than the third and fourth. 
 
 Tho palpi are short and strong. Tho radial joint has a pointed 
 apophysis at its extremity on the outer side, closely adhering to 
 the digital joint, and a strong obtusely-pointed one beneath, 
 rather prominent on either side towards its end. The digital 
 joint is rather largo, roundish at its hindor part, and pointed in 
 front. Tho palpal organs aro not very complex ; near their 
 centre are two closely-contiguous, rather long, prominent, slightly 
 curved, spine-liko processes, one of which has a strongish conical 
 projection near its base. 
 
 Tho abdomen is oval, broader behind than in front, and 
 projects well, and closely, over the base of the cephalo-thorax ; 
 the upper side is of a dark reddish, slightly yellow-brown 
 colour, margined, but not very conspicuously, with cream white, 
 
313 
 
 and a littlo paler along the middle. The dentated band is 
 scarcely tracoablo, being represented only by three oblique, 
 croani-yellow linos on either side ; the foremost lino, being more 
 oblique than the rest, and indicating the position of tho first 
 denticulation ; there is sometimes, also, a short, palo, longitu- 
 dinal, central line on tho uppor side. The sides and undorside 
 are of a uniform, dull, reddish-brown hue. 
 
 The female is palor coloured than the male, but resembles it 
 very nearly in its markings. 
 
 This is a rare spider, but it occurs occasionally among herbago, 
 and also running on bare spots in meadows, as well as under 
 stones, at Bloxworth and Portland, in May and June. 
 
 It is mot with also in North Wales, and I havo received it 
 from various othor parts of England, as well as from Scotland. 
 
 XYSTICUS LUCTATOR. 
 
 Xystious luctatok, Z. Koch., Beitr. z. Kenntn. d. Arachn.- 
 Fauna. Galizions., p. 29. 
 
 „ impavidtjs, Thorell, Syn. Europ. Spid., p. 230. 
 
 Tuomisus cambeidgii, Blackw. (in part), Cumbr., Trans. Linn. 
 Soc. xxvii., p. 406., pi. 54., No. 9., 
 a.b.c.d. 
 
 Tho length of the male is 3 lines. 
 
 This spider is closoly allied to Xysticua lifasciatus, C. L. Koch., 
 but is more richly coloured, and differs in the structuro of the 
 palpi and palpal organs. 
 
 The sides of the cophalo-thorax aro bright, dark, brownish- 
 red, veined and marked with reddish-yellow. Tho longitudinal 
 band is yellow, and the contral marking (similar in shape to that 
 of Xytticus bifasciatus) is reddish yellow-brown, streaked and 
 veined with yellow. On each side of the central band towards 
 its extremity, is a patch of a much deeper hue than the rest. 
 
314 
 
 Tho femora and genua of the legs are deep reddish-brown, 
 obtusely mottled with yellowish ; the tarsi, metatarsi, and tibiee 
 yellowish-red ; the latter, as well as the genua, striped on tho 
 upper side with cream-white. 
 
 The palpi are deep reddish-brown ; tho outor terminal apophysis 
 of tho radial joint is more obtusely pointed than that of Xysticus 
 bifasciatus, and the one undornoath is stronger and of a more 
 irrogular form. 
 
 The palpal organs have two black spine-like processes noar 
 their centre, somewhat resembling those of Xysticus bifasciatus, 
 but not nearly so long, and scarcely as strong. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, truncated in front, and projects greatly 
 over the base of tho cephalo-thorax. Tho uppor sido is of a 
 deep rich red-brown colour, margined, but not vory rogularly, 
 with yollow. The dentated band is (as in Xysticus bifasciatus) 
 only traceable by a rather paler hue along the middle of the 
 abdomon, and two short transverse yellow streaks on each side 
 of the hinder part, followed by an irregular yellow marking 
 above the marginal border at the posterior extremity. Tho 
 upper side is also divided longitudinally by an indistinct palo 
 reddish-brown streak. The sides and under sides aro of a dullor 
 and less deop colour than the upper side. 
 
 The female is known to me only from Swedish examples, it is 
 much larger than the male, of a dark-brown colour, with a 
 similar pattern, though much less distinct. 
 
 One example only has yet been recorded as British. This one 
 (an adult male) was found on Bloxworth Heath, in May, 1854. 
 It appears therefore to be exceedingly raro. It was mistaken 
 during several years for an unusually bright coloured example 
 of Xysticus bifasciatus. Mr. Blackwall afterwards considered it 
 to be the male of the spider which ho had before describod as 
 Thomisus Cambridgii more recently, however, I have been 
 enabled to compare it with types of Xysticus luctator, L. Koch., 
 received from Sweden, and can find no difference whatever from 
 that species. 
 
315 
 
 GENUS OXYPTILA, Sim. TnOMISUS, Blachw., in part, 
 and XYSTICUS, Cambr., in part. 
 
 The gonus Oxyptila has been founded by M. Simon for the 
 reception of a number of small Thomisides, hitherto usually 
 included in tho foregoing genus (Xysticus), but which have always 
 formed a very compact group within it. 
 
 Tho distinctions on which tho separation of these species from 
 Xysticus has been made did not at one time appear to me 
 sufficiently strong to warrant the formation of a new genus ; on 
 a further and more extended examination howevor of all tho 
 species known to mo, I think that Oxyptila is both a tenable, and 
 a very useful genus, reducing the numbers of the, still large* 
 group Xysticus, and rendering its generic limits more precise. 
 
 The main differences between Oxyptila and Xysticus appeal- to 
 be first the narrower fore part of the caput, the lateral margins 
 of which are more compressed ; secondly, the position of the eyes — 
 tho posterior row being more strongly curved, and its two 
 central eyes nearer together than each is to the lateral eye next 
 to it, while in Xysticus the two centrals are either further apart 
 than from the laterals, or elso tho four are equidistant from each 
 other. Tho four central eyes, also, instead of forming a square, or 
 a quadrangle broader than long as in Xysticus, form in Oxyptila 
 a quadrangle longer than broad. The abdomen of the male 
 appears to be always more nearly of the size and form of that 
 of the female ; and the dentated band along the middlo, so 
 conspicuous in most, and traceablo more or less in all true 
 Xystici, is never discernible so far as I am aware (excepting 
 occasionally in the female of Xysticus horticola, 0. L. Koch., 
 Thomisus versutus,B\ . ) in Oxyptila, which has however a characteristic 
 abdominal pattern of its own, consisting of an elongate central 
 marking running backwards from the middle of the fore margin, 
 of a fusiform shape, often indicated only by a dark marginal hue, 
 sometimes perfect, but frequently broken and interrupted ; this 
 fusiform marking is followed by several, more or less perfect, 
 transverse, dark or light-coloured bars or stripes, often by both. 
 
316 
 
 Sometimes these bars are slightly curved, at other times 
 straight. 
 
 The spiders of this group are not found upon plants, shrubs, 
 and trees, like many of the Xystici, but usually under stones 
 at the roots of plants and herbage, and among moss, as well as 
 running on tho ground. Nor are the males so active. Of ono 
 spocies however Oxi/ptila atomaria, Panz., tho males wandor 
 about, when adult, on bare spots, paths, and roadsides, and run 
 protty swiftly. Some of the spiders of this genus aro clothed 
 with curious-looking, bristly hairs, clubbed, or incrassatod, at 
 tho oxtromity. 
 
 Six spocios are at present known as British, and all of them 
 have been found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 OXYPTILA PRATICOLA. 
 
 Xystious piutioola, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn. iv. p. 77, Tab. 
 130, fig. 300, 301. 
 
 Thomisus incertus, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 86, 
 pi. iv-, fig. 51. 
 
 The male measuros 1£ bne in length, and tho female 2 linos. 
 
 The sides of the cephalo-thorax of the male are reddish 
 yellow-brown ; in somo examples the dark patches near the 
 margin form a tolerably regular broadish band, always however 
 broken by pale transverse lines corresponding with the normal 
 thoracic indentations ; the margins are whitish. The central 
 longitudinal band tapers a good deal towards its posterior 
 extremity, it is of a pale reddish yellow-brown colour, and has 
 the usual central marking behind tho eyes, though not as dis- 
 tinct as in Xysticus. This marking is of a rather darker colour 
 than the band, marked and mottled with dark brown; it is 
 bluntish pointed behind, but often continued backwards for a 
 Uttle way in a linear form. The space immediately behind it is 
 of a brownish cream colour, brighter and more conspicuous in 
 some examples than in others. 
 
317 
 
 Tho legs are palo brownish-yellow, marblod and marked with 
 doep reddish-brows and white, mostly so on the upper sides of 
 the femora and genua, but only towards the upper extremity of 
 those of tho third and fourth pairs. The spines beneath the 
 metatarsi of the first two paiis are rather long and strong. 
 
 The palpi are strong ; the humeral joint is deep brownish- 
 black ; the cubital and radial joints are reddish yellow-brown, 
 mottled with a dooper hue; the radial joint has its outer 
 extremity produced into a long, black, somewhat tapering, 
 sinuously curved apophysis, which is blunt-pointed, and directed 
 downwards ; and its under side has a strong one of a crescent or 
 bifid shape. Tho digital joint is rather large and of a brownish 
 colour ; tho palpal organs are compact and not very complex. 
 
 The sternum is yellow-brown, mottled with white, and has a 
 marginal row of black blotches, with'a black streak (often of an 
 arrow-headed shape) running from tho hinder extremity to the 
 middle. These sternal markings are'characteristic, and usually 
 very distinct. 
 
 The abdomen is very short, broad-oval, truncated before, 
 broader and rounded behind. The upper side is yellow-brown 
 marked and spotted with black -brown, and spotted with white 
 round the margins and on the sides, which last are also spotted 
 with blackish. Although the characteristic pattern is usually 
 indistinct, yet in some examples there is a tolerably well defined, 
 longitudinal, tapering, blunt-pointed marking on the fore half, 
 indicated by broken black-brown marginal spots and marks ; 
 and on the hinder half is a series of several transverse, very 
 slightly ourved, black-brown bars. 
 
 The female is usually paler-coloured than the male, but is often 
 more regularly and distinctly marked. 
 
 This spider occurs in spring and summer time among moss 
 and dead leaves, as well as at tho roots of coarse grass, and 
 other herbage, growing at the bases of trees at Bloxworth, but 
 is rather rare. I have also found it near Sherborne, and received 
 it from various other parts of England ; and Mr. Blackwall (I.e.) 
 records it both from Dorsetshire and Yorkshire. 
 
318 
 
 It may bo distinguished at a glanco from all its British con- 
 geners by the markings on the stornum. 
 
 OXYPTILA BLACKWALLII. 
 
 Oxyptila dlackwallii, Sim., Arachn. de Franco, torn, ii., p. 
 
 231, pi. vii., fig. 22. 
 Thomisus olavbattjs, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 87, pi. iv., fig. 52. 
 
 The length of the male is 1^ lino, and the female is scarcely 
 longer, but more robust. 
 
 This curious spider may be known at once from others of tho 
 genus, found in England, by the abdomen, as well as the fore 
 part of the caput, being furnished with numerous short, strong, 
 spine-like bristles, clavato (or clubbed) at their extremities. 
 
 The cophalo-thorax of the male is of a dark yellow-brown 
 colour. The longitudinal band, and central marking bohind the 
 eyes are indistinct, but of a roddish yellow-brown hue, bettor 
 defined in the female than in the male. The clavate bristles 
 on the caput are longer than those on the abdomen, but are loss 
 incrassated at the extromities, which are of an oval form. 
 
 The legs are yellow-brown, the femora of the first and second 
 pairs being much the darkest. Three spine-like bristles of a 
 similar form to those on the caput form a 6hort longitudinal 
 line on the upper side of the femora of the first pair. 
 
 The palpi are short and somewhat liko the legs in colour. Tho 
 outer extremity of the radial joint is strongly produced and 
 terminates in a longish prominent, tapering, curved, pointed, 
 spine-like, apophysis, and its under sido has a strong obtuso ono 
 indented at its extremity. The palpal organs aro of simplo 
 structure. 
 
 Tho abdomen is short, round-oval, truncate before, broader and 
 rounded bohind. The upper sido is of a roddish yollow-brown hue 
 with numerous black markings ; among those may be tolerably 
 clearly traced, on tho fore half, the longitudinal one, which is of 
 a paler yellow-brown margined with black elongato spots and 
 
319 
 
 on the hinder half a scries of transverse curved black bars, each 
 interrupted at the middle. The sides are rather paler than the 
 upper part, spotted distinctly withk white and black spots. 
 The form of the clavate spines on the upper side of tho abdomen 
 is that of a racquet bat. 
 
 Except in being rather larger the female does not differ from 
 the male. 
 
 This spidor occurs under stones and dotachod pieoos of rock on 
 the eastern side of tho Isle of Portland, where, in the month of 
 July, 1 860, I found it in some abundance ; though after a long 
 search at tho corresponding season in 1875 I did not succeed in 
 finding a single example. 
 
 As it appears to be undoubtedly distinct from the spider 
 doscribed by Baron Walckenaer as Thomisus chveatus, Savigny. 
 Mons. Simon has lately renamed it ; conferring upon it the name 
 of our vetoran arancologist, Mr. John Blackwall. 
 
 OXYPTILA SANCTUARIA. 
 
 TnoMistrs SANOTTTABius, Cambr,, Trans. Linn. Soo. xxvii., p. 405, 
 pi. liv., No. 8. 
 
 The male moasuros in length 1 to 1J linos. 
 
 This spocios is alliod to Oxyptila Blackwallii, Sim., but differs 
 from it in colours and markings, in the form of the radial joints 
 of the palpi, and in the less clavate form of tho spino-like 
 bristles on the abdomen. The sides of the cephalo-thorax 
 (which is very strongly compressed on the lateral margins of ths 
 caput) are of a doop brownish-black hue, mottlod and marked 
 with reddish yollow-brown. The longitudinal band is of a dull 
 reddish-yellow colour and encroaches on tho sides, at its hinder 
 part. The contral marking behind the eyes is short, brown- 
 black, divided longitudinally by a paler line, cleft or bifid before, 
 and its posterior, obtusely-angular, pointed extremity is con- 
 tinued to, or beyond, the thoracic junction by a distinct blackish 
 line. The caput has a few strong, slightly clavate, spiny bristles 
 on its fore part. The legs are of a dull darkish yellow-brown 
 
320 
 
 hue, the femora of the first two pairs being brown-black, and 
 those of the last two rather paler ; on the upper sides of the 
 femora of the first pair are two, widely separated, strongish, 
 blunt-pointed spines. 
 
 The palpi are yellow-brown, the digital joint darkest; tho 
 radial joint has its outer side produced into a strong obtuse 
 apophysis, and its under side has one less strong, but curved^ 
 and prominent. The digital joint is not very large ; its form is 
 very short, or round-oval, slightly pointed before. The palpal 
 organs are not very complex ; towards their hinder part are ono 
 or two strongish, prominent, pointed processes. 
 
 The abdomen is similar in form to that of Oxyptila'Blackwattii, 
 It is of a reddish yellow-brown colour above, sparingly marked 
 With blackish-brown, and with some white markings at the fore 
 extremity, and on the lateral margins. The normal fusiform 
 marking along the middle of the fore-half is dull brownish- 
 yellow, with dark-brown, diffused margins ; and on the hindor 
 part are some transverse, brown, slightly-curved bars of which 
 the anterior one is the most strongly defined, and sometimes the 
 only one at all distinctly traceable. The clavate spine-liko 
 bristles on the upper side are not nearly so strong nor so clubbed 
 at the extremities as those of Oxyptila Blackwallii. 
 
 The female is unknown to mo. 
 
 Tour examples of the male have occurred at intervals since 
 1869 at Bloxworth, crawling on the walls of Bloxworth Church, 
 and Eectory, in the months of August and September; and 
 several examples were met with, running on the ground, on tho 
 7th of September, 1878. I have also received it from Mr. C 
 W. Dale, by whom it was found near Wareham. 
 
 OXYPTILA TRUX. 
 
 Thomistjs *rtjx, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Ircl., p. 84, pi. 
 iv., fig. 50. 
 The length of the male is about l-7th of an inch, and that 
 of the femalo l-6th, and sometimes rather more. 
 
321 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of the male has a broad, longitudinal, 
 black-brown band on each side of the central one, with a 
 narrower marginal band of the same colour, tho intervening 
 spaces, as well as the hinder part o fthe thorax, being of a yel- 
 lowish-red hue. The normal c antral marking behind the eyes 
 is indistinct, of a red-brown colour, and often considerably 
 encroached upon by the dark bands on each side of it. Behind 
 it the central band is of a creamy yellow. 
 
 The legs are of a yollow-brown colour, and unspotted ; the 
 femora, however, of the first, and half of those of the second 
 pairs are blackish, as also is a portion of the fore extremity of 
 those of the third and fourth pairs. 
 
 Tho humeral joints of tho palpi are black, the cubitals palo 
 yellow-brown, and the digital and radial joints dark brown ; tho 
 latter has its outer extremity strongly and obtusely produced, 
 terminating in a somewhat spine-like pointed apophysis, bent at 
 its base, whore it springs from tho produced part of the j oint ; 
 undorneath the joint is another obtuse apophysis which has a 
 process at its base. The palpal organs aro not very complex ; 
 they have ono or two prominent points noar the middle, and 
 aro encircled by a pointed spine. 
 
 Tho abdomen is similar in form to that of the last species ; its 
 upper side is yollow-brown, marked with white, brown, and deep 
 blackish red-brown, and margined with whito. Tho normal cen- 
 tral, longitudinal stripe on the fore part is white, margined with 
 brown, and followed by several transverse, slightly-cuiwed bars, 
 alternately brown (or blackish) and whito, their extremities being 
 the darkest. The sides are marked with a broken, black, longi- 
 tudinal band, and the under side is brown. The colours of the 
 abdomen vary considerably in their depth and exact distribution ; 
 always, however, presenting a prettily variegated appearance. 
 
 Tho female resembles the male, excepting in being generally 
 of a lighter hue. 
 
 This is a raro spider, but it occurs occasionally at Bloxworth 
 in situations similar to that in which Oxyptila praticola is found, 
 as well as on low plants in woods ; it has also occurred ia North 
 
322 
 
 "Wales, and I have received examples of it from Scotland. The 
 form of the radial joint of the male palpus renders that sex 
 easily distinguishable from the males of the next two species, to 
 both of which it is nearly allied. 
 
 OXYPTILA ATOMAKIA. 
 
 Aranea atomaria, Panzer, Faun. Ins. Gorin. 71, 19. 
 Thomisus versutus, Blackw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Irol., p. 83, 
 pi. iv., fig. 49. 
 
 Thomisus pallidus, Blackw., I.e., p. 82, pi. iv., fig. 48. 
 
 Xysticus iiorticola, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn. iv., p. 74, Tab. 
 exxix., fig. 296-298. 
 
 Thomisus pallidus, Canibr., Trans. Linn. Soc, xxvii., p. 408, 
 pl. 54, No. 10. 
 
 Xystious versutus, Blackw. ; Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.H., 
 Feb., 1878, p. 121. 
 
 The length of tho male varies from 1 J- to 2 linos, and that of 
 the fomalo from 2 -J- to 2f . 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Oxyptila trux, Blackw. It is, 
 howovor, less richly colourod, and varios from its darkest hues to 
 an almost unicolorous yellowish abdomen, mottled slightly with 
 white, and marked with a few blackish spots (var. Thomim g 
 pallidus, Blackw.). It may also be distinguished (in the darker 
 varieties) from Oxyptila trux, by the marginal black border of 
 the cephalo-thorax being broader, and tho fore part of tho space 
 between it and the upper black band being generally marked 
 with black towards its fore extremity. The marginal black 
 border is, however, often very fragmentary, and, in the pale 
 examples, is altogether wanting. The upper side of tho 
 abdomen is less distinctly variegated than that of Oxyptila trux, 
 though markod with very similar colours, and there are generally 
 visible a fow black spots close to tho marginal white border. 
 In the palest variety soino of thoso marginal black spots, with one 
 or two others, aro all the dark markings visible. 
 
323 
 
 The logs also diffor from those of Oxyptila trux, being of a 
 yellow-red hue, slightly marked with red-brown. 
 
 The palpi, oxcopting the digital joint, which is dark brown, 
 are of the same colour as the legs. The radial joint has 
 its extremity, on the outer side, produced into a very 
 remarkable, trifid apophysis; tho portion next to the digital 
 joint is bifid or somewhat crescent-shaped, and is not at 
 first easily soon ; tho outer, or most prominont, portion terminates 
 with a short, black, obtuse, spiny projection ; this projection, when 
 simply lookod at from behind, appears to be small and sharp- 
 pointod, but when carefully notod from other points of view it is 
 seen to be of almost uniform sizo throughout, and obtuso ; under- 
 noath the radial joint is also anothor strong curved apophysis. 
 The palpal organs are moderately complox. 
 
 The femalo varies in its colours liko the male, but is always 
 lighter in hue. On the abdomen is often a palo dentated band, 
 like that of Xysticus, bordored with a dooper colour . Among 
 numerous males, however, I have never seen any, at all distinct, 
 trace of this band, excepting in one instance, whore it was 
 only faintly visible, and of a pale red-brown colour mottled with 
 yellowish, and speckled with whito points, being also bordered 
 with darker red-brown, and containing, along tho middle of the 
 fore part, the normal dark strijje, which is indicated by broken 
 blackish marginal lines only. 
 
 The varied colouring of tho difforont varieties, as well as the 
 difforont appoarance of tho outermost radial apophysis from 
 difforont points of viow, havo caused this spider to bo describod 
 as several distinct spocios under difforont names (vide synonyms 
 given above). That Xysticus hordeola, C. L. Koch., and Thomisut 
 versutus, Black., are identical I feel no doubt, having compared 
 examples of the fornior received from Dr. Koch., with types 
 of the latter named by Mr. Blackwall himself. Dr. Thorell is, 
 however, still of opinion that thore are two species involved 
 (Syn. Europ. Spid., p. 252), viz., Xysticus horticola, C. L. Koch., 
 and Xysticus atomaria, Panzer (Thomisus versutus, Blackw.). 
 This is not a vory rare, though at tho same timo it is by no 
 
324 
 
 means a common, spider. It occurs in similar situations -with 
 Oxyptila trux, as well as at the roots of heather ; the adult 
 male is sometimes found running on roads and paths through 
 heaths and meadows at Bloxworth in May and June, and Mr. 
 Dale has found it at Glanvilles Wootton. I have also received 
 it from othor parts of England, as well as from North Wales 
 and Scotland. 
 
 OXYPTILA SIMPLEX. 
 
 Thomisus simplex, Cambr., Zoologist 1862, p. 7951. 
 Xystious pusio, Thorell, Syn. Europ. Spid., p. 25C (1873). 
 
 The length of the male varies from l-8th to l-7th of an inch, 
 and the fomale is rathor larger. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to both Oxyptila atomaria, Panz. , 
 and Oxyptila trux, Blaekw., though porhaps most nearly to the 
 latter. It may, however, be easily distinguished not only by its 
 usually paler and plainer colours, but (in the male sex) by the 
 structure of the radial joint of the palpus. The dark varieties are 
 less frequent than the light coloured ones. The cephalo-thorax, 
 in the darkest male I have soen, is of a deep, slightly roddish- 
 brown colour, very faintly veined with yellowish, the longitudinal 
 band, as well as the central marking, being traceable only by means 
 of a bright, yellowish, triangular patch (the vertex of which is 
 directed backwards) near tho hinder part, strongly notchod in front, 
 and indicating tho posterior extromity of the central marking ; in 
 some examples thoro are, on each side of the cephalo-thorax, 
 two dark longitudinal bands, and an intermediate palor ono, 
 like those of Oxyptila atomaria ; while more frequently one or 
 both of these bands are scarcely traceable, the whole being of a 
 pale yellowish-brown hue, and the central baud whitish on the 
 hinder part. 
 
 The legs are dull brownish-yollow, with the femora of the first 
 and second pairs (in dark examples) strongly suffused with 
 emoky black. 
 
 The paipi aro like the legs iu colour, tho digital joint boing 
 
325 
 
 brown. The outer extremity of the radial joint is strongly and 
 obtusely produced, terminating with, a longish, rather fine, nearly 
 straight, pointed, black, spine-like process, directed alongside 
 of, but not quite close to, the digital joint. The palpal organs 
 are simple, and encircled by a black marginal spine. 
 
 The abdomen is of a dull brownish-yellow hue, obscurely 
 freckled with brown and dull cream-yellow. The margins of 
 the upper side, especially in front, are mottled with white. Tho 
 fusiform band or stripe on the foro half is indicatod by two fino 
 dark-brown longitudinal lines, which meet to form an acute 
 angle at its hinder extremity ; in dark examples this stripe is 
 yollow-brown, in some very pale ones it is not visible at all ; 
 this latter may also be said of several transverse dark lines or 
 bars on the hinder half of the abdomen, varying as these bars 
 do, from being tolerably perfect, to mere blackish spots, which 
 represent their extremities ; in the darkest examples these trans- 
 verse lines are margined, posteriorly, with white. 
 
 The female is always very pale coloured, and seldom shows 
 more than very faintly the markings observed in the male. 
 
 This spidor has, as yet, occurred (in Britain) only on iron 
 railings, and among grass and dead leavos,'at the bases of largo 
 trees on the lawn at Bloxworth Rectory. In these situations I 
 havo found it frequently in the months of May and Juno. 
 
 GENUS PHILOPROMUS, Walck., Thor.— PIIILODKOMUS, 
 Blackw. (in part). 
 
 Tho spiders of this gonus aro distinguished from the foregoing 
 genera of the present family, by the smaller and almost uniform 
 size of tho eyes, which are placed in a smaller group of a more 
 exact crescent shape, tho foremost row being much tho shortest. 
 
 The cophalo-thorax is more pointed in front, less compressed on 
 tho lateral magins of the caput, which is also vory short, while 
 tho thorax is largo and almost round. Altogether tho breadth of 
 the cephalo-thorax is greater than its longth. 
 
 Tho legs aro long and slender ; thoir rolativo length is 2.1.4.3., 
 or 2.1.3.4., but the difference betwoen those of tho first-second 
 
326 
 
 and third-fourth pairs is much loss than in either of the foregoing 
 gonera of this family, and the spines with which the legs are 
 armed are fine, though tolerably numerous. 
 
 The abdomen is, in males, gonerally elongate-oval, truncatod 
 beforo ; in females, and in somo males, it is broader towards tho 
 hinder part, when it is often sub-angular on the sides, and also 
 pointed behind. Both the abdomon and eophalo-thorax aro usually 
 clothed with hairy pubescence. 
 
 Eleven species are at prosent recorded as indigenous to 
 Britain ; and, of those, seven have boon k found in Dorsetshire. 
 Thoy are oxcedingly agile, running with groat swiftness in all 
 directions, and are found on low plants, bushos, and troos. 
 
 PHILODROMUS MARGARITATUS. 
 
 Abaneus makgaritatus, Clerch., p. 130, pi. vi., tab. iii. 
 Philodromus tallidus, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irol., p. 
 93, pi. v., fig. 66. 
 „ AiroiOTJTJS, Hid., Ann. Mag. N. H., September, 
 
 1867. 
 „ jEJUNtrs, Panzer., Camlr., Zoologist, 1863, p. 8597, 
 
 and Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 437. 
 The length of tho malo is l-5th, and that of the female l-4th 
 of an inch. 
 
 This is an exceedingly variable spider in its markings, but its 
 larger size and mixturo of grey and black colouring (tho more 
 common varieties also tingod with greenish) rondor it easily 
 distinguishable from all our othor known British species. 
 
 The whole spider is of a flattened form. The cophalo-thorax 
 is of the ordinary typo. In tho malo it is grey, more or less 
 mixed with dark-brown and yollow-brown. A faint indication 
 of a broad, longitudinal, central, slightly paler, or sometimes 
 darker, band is occasionally visible. 
 
 Tho logs aro vory long, of a yellowish-grey colour, marked 
 with deep brown and black spots, and imperfoct annuli, with a 
 strong black stripe in front, of at least the basal half, of the 
 
327 
 
 femora of the first (and sometimes also of the second and third) 
 pairs. 
 
 The palpi are rather long, and similar, in general colouring, 
 to the legs ; the cubital and radial joints are about equal in 
 length ; the latter is rather less strong than tho former, and 
 has a short, obtusely pointed, bifid apophysis at tho oxtromity of 
 the outer side. The digital joint is large, of a short, broad-oval 
 form, pointed at the ond ; the palpal organs are not very com- 
 plex, nor furnished with any very remarkable procosses. 
 
 The abdomen is truncated and indented beforo, broader 
 behind, but pointed at the spinners ; it is of a greenish-yollow 
 grey colour, variously mixed with brown and black. Some 
 transverse, black, angular bars are sometimes visiblo on the 
 hinder part, with one or two short, oblique, black markings on 
 the sides of that part. 
 
 Examples of the above typo aro found, not uncommonly, on 
 Scotch fir trees, near Bloxworth, whoro they assimilato very 
 exactly to the greenish-grey lichens growing upon them; but 
 upon apple trees, in tho Boctory orchard, those typical examples 
 are replaced by the very distinct and remarkable varioty, 
 Philod/romusjejimus, Panz., (pi. v., fig. 2), in which tho cophalo- 
 thorax and abdomen are of a clear, groyish-white, the former 
 having an irregular, jet black patch on each side of the ocular 
 area, and a more or less large one, of the same colour, on each 
 side of the thorax. The abdomen has albo a few patchos of the 
 same colour on the upper part and sides. Tho legs and palpi 
 are pale, cream-grey, marked and annulated with black. This 
 variety also corresponds most exactly with tho lichens on tho 
 apple treos, which are of quite a different character from those 
 of tho Scotch fir. As yet, I have not found tho two varieties 
 above doscribed, in the same situation, each appearing to belong 
 exclusively to tho troos which foster the lichens similar to it. 
 
 It is adult in May and June ; the females do not differ from 
 tho males excepting in size, and in having shorter legs. I have 
 received examples of tho varioty Phitodromus jejunm from Mr. 
 C, W. Dale, by whom they were found (also on applo treos) at 
 
328 
 
 Glanvilles "Wootton. The ordinary type has been met with, in 
 several other parts of England, and I have once received the 
 variety P. jejunus, but I forget now the locality in which it was 
 found. 
 
 PHILODROMUS DISPAK. 
 
 Philodbomus dispar, Walclc, Blackw., Spid. Groat Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 91, pi. v., fig. 55. excludo rofer- 
 enco to Philodromus fallax Sund. 
 
 The longth of the male is about l-5th of an inch, and that of 
 tho female very nearly l-4th. 
 
 The sides of the cephalo -thorax of the male aro dark dull 
 yollowish-brown, ofton much paler towards the margins, which 
 are yellowish-white. Tho central band is indistinct, with a 
 short wedgo-shapod marking close behind the eyes, darker than 
 the rest, and somotimes followed by a stout, V-shapod, palo 
 yellowish patch. 
 
 Tho legs are long, slonder, and of a pale, dull, slightly 
 greenish-yellow colour. 
 
 The palpi are moderately long and similar in colour to the 
 legs, excepting tho digital joint, which is black-brown, and 
 affords a strong and characteristic contrast to the rest. 
 
 The radial joint is shorter and less strong than tho cubital, 
 and is very slightly and somewhat obtusely produced at tho 
 extremity of its outer side. The digital joint is largo, of a 
 broad-oval form, pointed at its extremity, and the palpal organs 
 are simple in structure. 
 
 The abdomen is of a rather elongated-oval form, truncated 
 and indented in tho middle at its fore part. The uppor sido has 
 tho appearanco of being of a uniform brownish-black colour when 
 alivo, rather paler on tho sides of the fore part and in tho middlo 
 of the hinder part. Some little time, however, aftor immersion 
 in spirits of wine the colour becomes dark yellowish red-brown ; 
 and a longitudinal, central, darker marking is visible on the foro- 
 half, followed by several palo angular lines. The margins also 
 of tho uppor sido are of a deeper hue than the rest, and form 
 
329 
 
 an irregular surrounding band, broadest behind, and very dis- 
 tinctly defined on its outer edges. The sides aro yellowish 
 whito, the latter thinly streaked or spotted with black-brown, 
 and the under part is brown. 
 
 The female is much paler colourod than the malo. Tho 
 central band on the cephalo-thorax is better denned, and tho 
 abdomen is marked very much like that of the male, (as above 
 described, when in spirits of wine), only of a lighter hue. 
 
 This is by no moans a raro spider on low treos and bushes at 
 Bloxworth and in tho neighbourhood, and is adult in tho months 
 of May and June. It has also been found in many othor parts 
 of England and Wales. 
 
 PHILODROMUS AUREOLUS. 
 
 Auanetts atjreoltjs, Clerclc., Sv. Spindl., p. 133, pi. vi., tab. 9. 
 Puiloduomus atoeolus, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 p. 99, pi. v., fig. 59. 
 
 Tho malo measuro l-5th and tho female l-4th of an inch in 
 length. 
 
 This spider is very similar to Philodromus dispar, Walck., in sizo 
 and form, excepting that in the malo the palpi are longer, the 
 digital joints not so large, and the abdomen rathor narrower. 
 The colours of the two are, however, totally dissimilar. 
 
 The markings of tho present spider aro scarcely discernible in 
 tho living state, owing to the hairs with which it is clothed being 
 protty denso and reflecting a dull, rather greasy, metallic huo 
 of a greonish and yellowish nature. When in spirits of wine, 
 however, a tolerably distinct pattern comes out, not greatly 
 unliko that of Philodromus dispar. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a dull, reddish, yellow-brown colour 
 on the sides, with a broad, contral, longitudinal, brownish-yellow 
 band, constricted at the occiput ; within this band is a somewhat 
 wedge-shaped, reddish-brown marking, whose posterior extremity 
 is sometimes continued, as a single lino, to tho hinder part of 
 thorax ; but more commonly it does not reach the constriction, 
 
336 
 
 and is of ton. only roprosented by some red-brown linos behind 
 the eyes. 
 
 The legs are long, slender, and of a palo, brownish yellow 
 colour. 
 
 The palpi are long, and similar to the legs in colour, the digital 
 joints being brown. The radial, and cubital joints are of about 
 equal length; the former has a deep black-brown, tapering, 
 pointod apophysis at its outer extremity, and underneath is 
 another of a quadrate shape, but broader than long. 
 The digital joint is largo, of a rather irregular-oval form, 
 slightly curved on its inner side, but considerably bulged on its 
 outer side. The palpal organs are simple in structure, slightly 
 prominent near the middle, and encircled at their fore margin by 
 a black spine. 
 
 The abdomen is narrow-oval, truncated and slightly notched 
 before, and gradually pointod behind. Along the middle of the 
 fore-half is a tolerably distinct, red-brown, elongate marking, 
 broadest in the middle, near which, on each side of it, is a small, 
 red-brown spot. More or less of the fore-part, surrounding this 
 marking, is of a clear, brownish (and sometimes whitish) yellow 
 colour ; tho similar hue of the hinder-part being obscured by a 
 roddish-brown suffusion, as woll as by a serios of transverso, 
 angular, rod-brown bars. The sides are reddish-brown, with 
 several obscure, oblique, whitish-yellow markings, and the under 
 side is brownish-yellow, with a broad, reddish-brown, longitu- 
 dinal, central band. 
 
 The female is very similar to the male in its colours and 
 markings, but these are usually more distinct ; though both sexes 
 aro subject to considerable variations in the depth and dis- 
 tinctness of their colours and patterns, these being strongest in 
 immature individuals. 
 
 This is a very abundant spider on low plants, bushes, and 
 trees, at Bloxworth and in tho neighbourhood, as well as in 
 many othor parts of Dorsetshire, especially on furze bushes when 
 in bloom. I have also received it from various localities in 
 England, and from Scotland. Its movements aro exceedingly 
 
331 
 
 rapid, and no spider is more difficult to catch with the fingers, 
 owing to the groat facility with which it is able to throw off the 
 logs when seized by one or two only of thorn. It is adult in 
 June and July. 
 
 PHILODEOMUS CESPITICOLENS. 
 
 Philodkomus ceswtioolis, WalcTc., Hist. Nat. d. Ns. Apt. I., p. 
 
 555. 
 „ oespiticolens, Blackw., Linn. Trans, xix., p. 123. 
 
 „ cespiticolis, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., 
 
 p. 95, pi. v., fig. 58. 
 
 The spider so nearly rosembles Philodromus aureolut, Clerck., in 
 size, form, colours, and markings, that any detailod description 
 would bo a mere repetition of the description of that species. It 
 will be, therefore, sufficient to remark that the malo may be 
 distinguished by the different form of the apophysis beneath the 
 anterior extremity of the radial joint. In tho present spider this 
 apophysis is of an angular shape, as if the quadrate form of 
 that of Philodromus aureolus had boon altered by cutting away or 
 sloping off its inner corner. There is also a small, obtuse, deep, 
 red-brown prominence at the outer side of the base of this 
 apophysis, which is not observable in Philodromus aureolas. Tho 
 apophysis moreovor at the outer extremity of the radial joint 
 gonorally appears (to me) to be rather smaller and moro acutely 
 pointed than in that species. 
 
 With regard to the female of Philodromus cespiticolens I am 
 quite unable to give any roliable characters by which it may bo 
 certainly distinguished from Philodromus aureolus. 
 
 Doubts are ontortained as to the specific distinctness of these 
 two species, by Dr. Thorell, who believes that many inter- 
 mediate forms of the radial apophysis are to be found. I cannot, 
 however, say that I have myself seen theso intermediate forms 
 among great numbers I have examined of both species. 
 
332 
 
 Monsieur Eugene Simon includes both as varieties of ono species ; 
 but Pr. Ludwig Kocb. like myself, still adheres to the opinion 
 that they are specifically distinct, though remarkably aliko and 
 nearly allied. 
 
 Philodromus ccspitcolens is about equally abundant with Philo- 
 dromus aureolm, and is found at the same season and in similar 
 situations. 
 
 PHILODROMUS PRjEDATUS. 
 
 Phjxodromtts pr^datus, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 
 409, pi. liv., No. 11 a.b. 
 
 This spider also resembles both tho foregoing species so nearly 
 that it is not oasy to separate it, if mixed up with them, excepting 
 by tho form of tho radial apophysis. In Philodromus proedatus 
 the apophysis at the outer extremity of the radial joint is stronger 
 and less acutely pointed than that of Philodromus aureolus, and is 
 also rather curved or bent near its baso ; that underneath is 
 somewhat sub-acutely conical in its form, and has a small, pointed, 
 palo-coloured process within it on its outer side, with a small, 
 deep rod-brown, angular prominence at its baso on tho same side. 
 The digital joint is also rather larger than that of Philodromus 
 aureolus and Philodromus eespiticolens. 
 
 The dark marking behind the eyes, which is often in Philo- 
 dromus aureolus, much abbreviated, is, in the present species, 
 prolonged backwards, and gradually comes to a point towards 
 the posterior extremity of the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 The femala is unknown to me. 
 
 Three or four examples only have yet been found in England, 
 and all of these have occurred on shrubs in tho Bloxworth 
 Eectory gardens. 
 
 M. Simon admits tho specific distinctness of this spider, 
 although the chiof tangible characters as yet discovered for its 
 distinction from the two foregoing species are scarcoly stronger 
 than those characters which separata them from each other. 
 
333 
 
 PHILODROMUS CONSTELLATUS. 
 
 PniLODEOMUs constellatus, Sim., Arachn. de France, torn II., 
 p. 298. 
 
 Length of the female 3£ line8. 
 
 Closely allied both to Philodromns aureohis, Clerck., and P. cespi- 
 ticolens, "Walck., but easily distinguished by the diiferent marking 
 of the cephalo-thorax ; this is of a dark yellowish-brown on the 
 sides, mottled with paler yellow-brown, and with narrow, but 
 distinctly dentated, yellowish-white lateral margins. The caput 
 is pale brownish-yellow, marked and clouded with a deeper hue, 
 and at the thoracic junction is a large, stellate, brownish-yellow 
 marking radiating from the thoracic indentation. The legs are 
 brownish-yellow, marked, and indistinctly annulated, with dark 
 roddish-brown, and with a pale yellowish spot at the upper 
 extremities of the femora, genua and tibiee. 
 
 The abd omen is dull brown above, obscurely marked and suffused 
 with whitish, and white irregular spots, on the sides and upper 
 part; it is also thinly covered with minute black impressed 
 points ; the under side is dull whitish-grey, with a broad, central, 
 longitudinal, darker band. 
 
 The sternum is dull yellowish. 
 
 An example of this species was found at Bloxworth, but, as 
 it was overlooked at the time of capture among examples of 
 Pkilodromus aureolus, I am not certain about the exact date, or 
 season of the year. 
 
 PHILODKOMUS EMARGINATUS. 
 
 Philodromus EMARenNATO'?, Schranh., Sim., Arachn. de France, 
 torn. II., p. 277. 
 
 Length of the male 2 lines ; female 2 to 2 J. 
 
 Very similar in colours and markings to Philodromiis lineatipes 
 Cambr., to which it is closely allied. The cephalo-thorax, how- 
 ever, is in general distinctly radiated on the sides with converg- 
 ing dark lines or stripes on a pale ground; and the palpi, 
 
334 
 
 although, bearing a strong resemblance to those of that species, 
 are rather different in the form of the larger limb of the radial 
 apophysis ; in the present spider this is very broad and dilated 
 at the extremity, while in Philodromus lineatipes, it is, although 
 obtuse, yet somewhat pointed. In the marking of the legs the 
 two spiders bear closo resemblance to each other. 
 
 A single female found at Bloxworth, several years ago, was, 
 like the last, overlooked at the time of capture. Adults of both 
 sexes have been sent to me from France. 
 
 A full description of Philodromus lineatipes will be found in the 
 Appendix, among those British spiders not yet found in Dorset- 
 shire. 
 
 PHILODROMUS ELEGANS. 
 
 Philodromt/s elegans, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 94, pi. v., fig. 57. 
 
 The female measures Jth of an inch, or 3 lines, in length. 
 
 The general appearance of this spider is much like that of an 
 unusually distinctly-marked and handsome example of Philo- 
 dromus aureolus. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a pale yellowish colour. The sides 
 have each a broad, longitudinal, dark yellowish red-brown 
 band, leaving a narrow marginal, and a broad central, yellowish 
 one ; the latter is constricted at the occiput, and bisected longi- 
 tudinally, by a red-brown stripe, dilated in the middle and 
 narrowest in front. 
 
 The legs are long, moderately strong, and of a yellowish-brown 
 colour, annulated with redbrown. 
 
 The abdomen is indented in the middle of its fore margin, 
 and projects over the base of the cephalo-thorax. It has a 
 broad, but not well denned, brownish-yellow, tapering band 
 along the middle of the upper side ; on the fore half of this band 
 is an elongated red-brown marking, edged with deeper red-brown, 
 broadest, and with an angular point on each side, near the middle, 
 and terminating in a fine point more than half way towards the 
 ■pinnerB ; on the hinder part of the abdomen is a series of short, 
 
335 
 
 alternately red-brown, and white angular bars, ending just above 
 the spinners with a red-brown, elongate, triangular patch. The 
 sides are red-brown, palest along the middle, and ornamented 
 with three oblique, conspicuous rows of cream-white spots, 
 several spotsof ten become confluent, and form an elongated blotch 
 or marking. The under side is yellowish-white, speckled with 
 minute, red-brown spots, and marked with three longitudinal, 
 light reddish-brown bars. 
 
 This handsome spider was found on Bloxworth Heath, but 
 very rarely, until the September, 1878, when it occurred there 
 in abundance ; Mr. C. W. Dale has also sent it to me from 
 Glanvilles Wootton. The only other recorded English localities 
 are Lyndhurstand Shirley Heaths, and at Wokingham; though, 
 no doubt, it occurs on all the heath districts of the South of Eng- 
 land. It has been sent to me from Scotland. 
 
 I have not yet succeeded in finding the male in the adult 
 state ; most of the examples met with have been females, not 
 quite come to maturity. 
 
 PHILODEOMUS FALLAX. 
 
 Philodromusfallax, Sund.,Sv. Spindl.Beskr.,VetAkadHandl., 
 f. 1832, p. 226. 
 „ deletus, Cambr., Zool. for 1863, p. 8564. 
 
 The female measures nearly Jth of an inch in length. 
 
 This spider somewhat resembles the foregoing in the character 
 of its markings, but may be distinguished easily by its broader, 
 flatter form, and pale, dull greyish straw-yellow colour. The 
 abdomen also projects more over the base of the cephalo-thorax. 
 The spider has, in fact, a washed-out appearance, as though 
 bleached by the sun. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax has a short, longitudinal, brown band, on 
 each side of the thoracic portion, strongly emarginate on the 
 outer edge, the intervals between the prominent points being of a 
 whitish hue. 
 
 The central, longitudinal, pale brown marking, on the fore part 
 
336 
 
 of the upper side of the abdomen, is pointed behind, and has 
 two angular points on each side, being also indistinctly odged 
 with dull yellowish. The rest of the upper part and sides is 
 pale dull brownish-yellow, or drab coloured, the latter having 
 several oblique rows of more or less distinctly-marked palo 
 yellowish-white spots. 
 
 The legs are very similar in colour to the cephalo-thorax, 
 thinly and irregularly marked with dark yellowish-brown spots 
 and blotches. The spines on the legs are short and very fine. 
 
 This spider is found, though rather rarely, on the Sandhills 
 along the coast from Poole to Christchurch, and is a very striking 
 instance of adaptation of colouring to the surrounding surface. 
 When at rest, with its legs extended on the sand, it is almost 
 impossible to detect it. Its movements consist of short and rapid 
 runs. On the 6th of June, 1879, I met with an adult female on 
 a sandy part of the Chesil Beach, Portland, near the Ferry 
 Bridge. 
 
 I have not yet succeeded in finding the male. 
 
 GENUS THANATUS, C. L. Koch. PHILODEOMUS, Blackw. 
 (in part). THANATUS, Camlr. (in part). 
 
 This genus differs from Philodromus in the relative size and 
 position of the eyes; those of the anterior row being closer 
 together (thus separating rather more the eyes of each lateral 
 pair), and the external ones of this row being perceptibly larger 
 than the two middle ones. The legs are shorter, stronger, and 
 differ from Philodromus in their relative length, which is 4.2.1.3. 
 Those of the first and third pairs are sometimes equal, and, but 
 very seldom, those of the fourth and second. The tarsi and 
 metatarsi are furnished underneath with a scopula, or brush of 
 short, numerous hairs. 
 
 The spiders of this genus are seldom found upon shrubs, 
 plants, and trees, like the Philodromi, but most commonly upon 
 the ground, and at the bases of plants and herbage ; nor are they 
 so swift in their movements. One species only has as yet been 
 found in Britain, and that one was first found in Dorsetshire. 
 
337 
 
 TIIANATUS HIRSUTUS. 
 
 Philodromus hirsutus, Cambr., Zool. 1863, p. 8565. 
 
 Thanatus hibsutus, Ibid, AnnandMag., N. H., February, 1878, 
 p. 123, and Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 438. 
 
 Tho length of the female is about 2 lines, and that of the male 
 rather more than 1£. 
 
 The colour of the eephalo-thorax is a dull, brownish-yellow, 
 with three longitudinal, blackish-brown bands. The middle one 
 begins at (and includes) the hind-central pair of eyes, tapering 
 to a point at the hinder extremit)'. The lateral bands are 
 broader, and have a marginal, yellowish one of nearly equal 
 broadth. The surface of the eephalo-thorax is thinly furnished 
 with long, strongish, nearly erect bristles. 
 
 The legs are moderately long, rather robust, a little paler in 
 colour than the eephalo-thorax, and furnished with bristly hairs 
 and fine spines ; beneath the tarsi and metatarsi is a scapula, or 
 brush-like arrangement of papillto-form hairs. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, truncated before, and blunt-pointed 
 behind. It is of a whiter-yellowish hue than the eephalo-thorax, 
 and, like that part, has the surface f urnished with long, erect, 
 black bristles. On the upper side are five dark-brown, longi- 
 tudinal stripes, or narrow bands, mostly formed by more or 
 loss confluent spots and blotches. The central band is of a much 
 elongated or drawn-out, diamond shape, and terminates in a 
 fine point, half-way to the spinners, followed, however, by one 
 or two isolated dark-brown spots. Beginning on either side 
 of the end of the central band are two others, which converge 
 to a point above the spinners ; and on each side of the anterior 
 margin of the abdomen is another which forms a more or less 
 strongly marked and continuous border to the uper side. 
 
 On the under side are three longitudinal, brown bands, of 
 which the laterals are much the blackest, and converge towards the 
 spinners, where they are connected by a transverse stripe of the 
 same colour. 
 
 The male differs from the female, injbeing of a much darker 
 
838 
 
 hue. The abdomen is suffused with a sooty-grey colour, con- 
 siderably obscuring the longitudinal characteristic stripes. The 
 legs are longer, and also of a sooty-brown colour. The palpi are 
 like the legs in colour, and short; the radial and cubital joints 
 particularly so, the former is slightly the shortest, and does not 
 appear (so far as I can make out) to have any external apophysis. 
 The digital joint is of a narrow-oval form, and is longer than 
 the radial and cubital joints together. The palpal organs are 
 simple in structure, and have a small, prominent, corneous 
 process near their fore extremity. 
 
 Found (but rarely) at Bloxworth — one on a gate post in the 
 village, in June, 1862; others on the ground among 
 grass and low plants. I have also found it among the star 
 grass on the Sandhills, by the seaside at Studland ; here it was 
 that in June, 1877, I first met with the adult male. Numbers 
 of immature examples of both sexes were sent to me in 1866 
 from Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire, where it appears to be 
 abundant. It is very nearly allied to, and, perhaps, identical 
 with, Thanatus striatus, 0. L. Koch, of which, however, the male 
 has not yet been described. 
 
 GENUS TIBELLUS, Simon. PHELODEOMUS, Blackw., in 
 part, and THANATUS, Cambr., in part. 
 
 This genus differs from Thanatus in its, generally, elongated 
 form. The cephalo-thorax is always longer than broad, whereas 
 in Thanatm it is usually as broad as long ; very seldom longer 
 than broad. The abdomen of the present genus is especially 
 long and narrow. The lateral eyes of the posterior row are also 
 much further removed backwards than in Thanatm, being 
 separated from the fore laterals by a very wide interval. The 
 eyes of the anterior row, with those of the hind-central pair, 
 form a small compact hexagonal group, from which the hind- 
 lateral eyes are conspicuously removed. The fore-laterals are 
 slightly larger than the fore-centrals, but the hind-laterals are 
 the largest of the eight. 
 
 The spiders L of this genus are usually found on coarse sedgy 
 
339 
 
 grass and rushes in damp places, moors, and marshes. They 
 are exceedingly active, and, when disturbed, run up the stems 
 of grass or rushes with great rapidity, btretching out the four 
 anterior legs forwards and the four posterior ones backwards 
 along the stem, so that the spider becomes almost invisible, owing 
 to its similarity in colouring to the plant. 
 
 One species only has as yet been found in England, and that 
 one is frequent at Bloxworth and in the neighbourhood. 
 
 TIBELLUS OBLONGUS. 
 
 Philodromtjs oblongus, Walck., Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 
 Irel., p. 100, pi. v., fig. 60. 
 Thanatus oBLONcrus, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx., p. 331. 
 
 The length of the male is from 3 to 3£, and of the female 4 
 to 5 lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a pale brownish-yellow colour, and 
 has three longitudinal dark-brown bands, a sub-marginal one 
 on each side, and a central one. The latter tapers slightly to 
 the hinder extremity, and is bisected longitudinally, through a 
 considerable part of its length, by a yellowish line, beginning 
 at the eyes. The legs are long (their relative length being 2. 4. 
 1.3.) and rather slender. They are a little paler in colour than 
 the cephalo-thorax, and minutely speckled with brown. 
 
 The palpi are short; the radial and cubital joints of equal 
 length ; the former without any apophysis at its extremity. The 
 digital join is not large, it is oval, broadest near its base, and 
 obtusely pointed at its extremity. The palpal organs are 
 moderately prominent, simplo in structure, and have a small, 
 straight, slightly oblique, bluntish-pointed, black spine, directed 
 forwards at their extremity. 
 
 The abdomen is long, narrow, slightly tapering to its hinder 
 extremity, and fits well up to the steep hinder slope of the 
 cephalo-thorax. It is of a dull yellowish-white colour, bisected 
 longitudinally, on the upper side, by a dark-brown, tapering, 
 rather narrow band ; on each side, at the margins of the 
 
340 
 
 upperpart,isanotherband, narrower and paler than tho central one ; 
 and a little way from the hinder extremity, on each side, is also a 
 small, deep rod-brown spot. A pretty variety occurs occasion- 
 ally, in which the central hand has its edges spotted with a line 
 of small, deep, rodbrown spots, and on each side of it are two or 
 three other longitudinal lines of similar spots. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours and markings. 
 
 Not rare at Bloxworth and the neighbourhood among sedge, 
 grass, and rushes in marshy spots. I have also met with it 
 frequently in Lancashire, and have received it from Norfolk and 
 Cambridgeshire, as well as from Scotland. 
 
 GENUS MICROMMATA, Latr. SPARASSUS, Walch, in 
 part., and Blackw., in part. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax, longer than broad, and strongly constricted on 
 the lateral margins of the ca put. 
 
 Maxilla, moderately long, strong, straight, and rather rounded 
 at their extremities. 
 
 Labium, short, semicircular. 
 
 Legs, tolerably long, rather strong, armed with longish spines. 
 Their relative length is 4. 2. 1. 3. The tarsi and metatarsi are 
 furnished underneath with a strong scopula, as well a compact 
 claw-tuft at the extremity of tho former. 
 
 Eyes, small, placed on minute, separate tubercles, forming a 
 regular sector of a circle. The convexity of tho curve in both 
 rows is directed away from each other. The fore-laterals are 
 rathor larger than the fore-centrals, the intervals being equal. 
 The interval between the hind-centrals is greater than that 
 between each and the hind-lateral eye next to it. 
 
 It will be easily seen from the above characters that this 
 genus departs considerably from the foregoing genera of the family 
 Thomisides, differing from them all, not only in the relative length of 
 the legs and the curve of the hinder row of eyes, but in the form of 
 the maxillae, which in all the other genera are rather long, 
 narrow, and inclined, more or less strongly, towards the Labium, 
 Which last also, in them, is somewhat pointed at its apex. The 
 
341 
 
 spiders of the present genus, in thus departing from the Thomuidet, 
 appear to approach more nearly to the Drassides, far removed 
 though they are from the latter, in our systematic linear 
 arrangement. 
 
 One species only has been found in Great Britain, and is met 
 with, though not commonly, in Dorsetshire. 
 
 MICROMMATA VIRESCENS. 
 
 Aranetjs virescens, Clerck., Sv. Spindl., p. 138, pi. vi., Tab. 3. 
 
 ,, rosetjs, Ibid, i.e., p. 137, pi. vi., Tab. 7. 
 Spaeassus smaragdulus, Walck., Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 112, pi. v., fig. 61. 
 
 The length of the male is 4 lines, and that of the female 6 to 
 <$. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of the male is of a greenish-yellow hue 
 clothed with hairs, and the thoracic indentation is long and deep. 
 The legs are groonish-yellow, and sometimes of a bright green. 
 The spines beneath the tibiso and metatarsi are long and tolera- 
 bly strong. 
 
 The palpi aro of moderate length, and similar to the legs in 
 colour. The radial is rather longer than the cubital joint, and 
 has its outer extremity produced into a long, prominent, slightly 
 curved, tapering, pointed, black-brown, apophysis, equalling 
 the joint in length. The digital joint is large, oval, pointed at 
 its extremity, and of a brown colour, equal in length to the 
 radial and cubital joints together. The palpal organs are 
 prominent, rather complex, with a curved, pointed spine at their 
 extremity. 
 
 The abdomen is of a narrow, somewhat cylindrical, oval form ; 
 its upper side is brightish-yollow, with three longitudinal, vivid 
 scarlet bands, of which the central one tapers to a point above 
 the spinners. The sides and under part are of a dull green. 
 
 The female is wholly of a brightish green hue, her abdomen 
 is much larger, and of a more oval shapo than that of the male 
 and is rather paler than the cephalo-thorax, with a tapering, 
 
342 
 
 pointed band, of a deeper green colour, along the middle of the 
 fore half. The genital aperture is large, and of a glossy, dark 
 (nearly black) hue. 
 
 This spider, which is porhaps the most showy of all our larger 
 indigenous species, is found, but not commonly, in woods at 
 Bloxworth, and in the neighbourhood ; it is usually met with 
 running in bright sunshine, among plants and rough herbage in 
 the more open spots. The adult male, with the contrast of its 
 green, yellow, and scarlet colours, is at all times a very con- 
 spicuous object. The female, being wholly green, is not easily 
 detected until she moves. 
 
 In the immature state the male usually resembles the female 
 in colours, but a variety occasionally occurs in which the 
 longitudinal, central abdominal band is edged with small scarlet 
 spots, and the cephalo-thorax, also, is similarly ornamented. 
 This variety has been recorded by Mr. Blackwall as Sparassus 
 ornatus, Walck., a spider which (if it be distinct from Micrommata 
 virescens) has not yet been found in England. The typical form 
 is found also in various other parts of England, but the variety 
 ornatus, Blackw., I have only myself met with at Drayton 
 Beauchamp, near Tring, in Buckinghamshire. 
 
FAMILY LYCOSIDES. 
 
 ^^^nHE spiders of this family may be easily known by their 
 ifiG? usually elongate cephalo-thorax, which narrows gradually 
 l&C±J to the fore-extremity ; its upper convexity is also con- 
 siderable, the sides sloping, and the profile line of the caput and 
 thorax, from the eyes to the posterior declivity, remarkably even 
 and level. The cephalo-thorax, as well as the abdomen, is more 
 or less densely clothed with hairs and hairy pubescence, upon 
 which a good deal of the colours and markings depends. The 
 legs are long and strong, always directed forwards and back- 
 wards, never laterally; and in some groups they are much 
 attenuated at the extremities. 
 
 The spines are numerous, but not found on the tarsi, nor 
 generally very strong. 
 
 The four eyes, which represent the posterior row in most other 
 spider, are much the largest, and always form a large quad- 
 rangular figure on the upper side of the caput, while those of 
 the anterior row are very much smaller, and form a short, 
 straight, or slightly curved, transverse row near the base of 
 the falces. It is usual, however, to refer to the eyes of the 
 Lycosides as in three transverse rows, 4.2.2. 
 
 The maxilla are strong, moderately long, straight, never 
 inclined to the labium, which last is longer than broad, and 
 obtusely truncated at its apox. 
 
 The spiders of this family spin no snare, but catch their prey 
 either by leaping upon it suddenly, or sometimes by fairly run- 
 ning it down. They aro very active, and are usually found on 
 the surface of the ground, or at the base of herbage and low 
 plants, though sometimes they may be found on furze bushes 
 
344 
 
 when in bloom ; a few are semi-aquatic and able to continue 
 for some time under water. Some species form cylindrical holes, 
 of considerable depth in the earth, lining' them with a slender 
 lining of silk. The females bear their egg cocoons about with 
 them, generally attached to the spinners. The female also 
 carries her young, crowded upon the abdomen, for some 
 days after they are hatched. The affection of the female for 
 her egg-cocoon is so strong that if it be taken from her she 
 will seize it in her falces and carry it off again and again, if 
 repeatedly deprived of it, though at last she will probably give 
 it up in despair. 
 
 The division of the Lycosidcs into genera, satisfactorily 
 and sharply characterized, is by no means easy, owing 
 to their great similarity in many important points of structure. 
 All those formerly known (excepting two or throe) were included 
 by the older araneologists in one genus — Lycosa ; but as the 
 known species became more numerous some subdivision was felt 
 to be necessary. The generic division I have followed here is 
 chiefly that of Dr. Thorell. M. Simon and Dr. 0. L. Koch have 
 lately adopted a considerably different one, for which there is 
 much to be said in its favour, though at present it does not 
 appear to me to be entirely tenable ; not, however, having yet been 
 able to study it sufficiently, I have (for the present at least) 
 adhered to that adopted in 1874, Linn. Trans, xxx., p. 332, with a 
 slight alteration only. According to the subdivision here adopted, 
 six genera are found in England, all of them having representa- 
 tives in Dorsetshire. These six genera comprise 34 species, of 
 which, however, nearly half are included in one genus — Lycosa. 
 Of the 34 species 25 are found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 Almost all Lycosids present a very characteristic pattern both 
 on the cephalo-thorax and abdomen ; and by the differences 
 and modifications of this pattern we can in most cases readily dis- 
 tinguish species which in other respects are remarkably 
 similar to each other in general appearance The pattern on the 
 abdomen consists of an elongate, more or less narrow, oblong 
 marking along the middle of the fore half, ending either in a 
 
345 
 
 point, or obtusely (to this I have usually given here the name of 
 "the normal marking "), and it is followed to the spinners by a series 
 of, more or less well defined, angular, or curved transverse bars. 
 Another valuable specific character is furnished in most 
 instances by the annotation or non-annulation of the legs, and, 
 as in all other spiders, the palpi of the male and gonital 
 aperture of the female are exceedingly important in the deter- 
 mination of the species. 
 
 GENUS OCYALE, Savigny. DOLOHEDES, Blackw. in part. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is very strongly constricted on the lateral 
 margins of the caput, the fore part of which is truncated, and 
 has its lower corners considerably expanded. The clypeus is 
 high, and projects forwards. The eyes are small, the anterior 
 row is slightly curved, the convexity of the curve directed for- 
 wards, and its lateral eyes are larger than the centrals. This 
 row (like the corresponding row in all Zycosids) is seated on the 
 more or less vertical face of the caput. The two middle eyes of 
 the posterior row form in this and other genera the second or 
 intermediate row. They are placed on the upper edge of the 
 fore part of the caput, and form a much shorter line than the 
 anterior row. The third row (formed by the two lateral eyes of 
 tho ordinary posterior row, but in this and other Lycosid genera 
 called the third or posterior row) is the longest, and forms, with 
 the second row, a quadrilateral figure whose transverse diameter 
 is greater than its longitudinal one. Tho eyes of the third row 
 are placed rather on the sides of the upper part of the caput. 
 The intervals between the three rows of eyes is about equal. 
 The legs are long, not very unequal, moderately strong ; their 
 relative length is 4.1.2.3., and there are spines on the femora, 
 genua, tibice, and metatarsi. 
 
 Abdomen rather narrow, elongate oval ; spinners short. 
 
 The maxillco are straight, moderately long, enlarged and 
 somewhat rounded at their extremity. 
 
 The labium is scarcely half the length of the niaxillso, slightly 
 broader than long, and truncate at its apex. 
 
346 
 
 The spiders of this genus are few in number. One only has 
 been found in Europe, and is common in Dorsetshire, as well as 
 in most parts of England, North "Wales, and in Scotland. 
 
 OCYALE MIRABILIS. 
 
 Dolomedes mirabilis, Clerck., Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 37, pi. ii., fig. 18. 
 
 The male measures from 4 to 5£ lines in length, and the 
 female from 6 to 8 lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of the male is reddish-brown, clothed with 
 yellowish hairs, and with a longitudinal, central, narrow, yellow- 
 ish stripe, clothed with white hairs and often fining down to 
 but little more than a fine streak near the eyes ; from each of the 
 fore-lateral eyes to the external anterior lower corners of the 
 caput is a white band formed by white hairs ; this band is 
 broadest below, well defined on its fore edge, but diffused on 
 its hinder one, and the triangular space included between 
 the two bands is smooth and without hairs ; a short, curved, 
 whitish line also runs backwards from each eye of the 
 posterior or third row; and there are also two longitudinal 
 whitish, obscure, nearly parallel lines on each side near the 
 margin. In some examples the space enclosed by these lines is 
 also whitish from being covered with whitish hairs. The legs 
 are yellow-brown, long, moderately strong, and not very unequal 
 in length ; those of the fourth pair are the longest. 
 
 The palpi are short, strong, and similar in colour to the legs, 
 excepting the digital joint which is dark brown. The radial 
 joint is rather shorter and less strong than the cubital. It has 
 at its extremity on the outer side a strongish tapering apophysis, 
 with a curved point, there is also a tuft of short hairs at 
 its base. The digital joint is large, round-oval at its base, and 
 produced into an elongated point at its extremity ; its length con- 
 siderably exceeds that of the radial and cubital joints together. 
 The palpal organs are very prominent and moderately complex. 
 
 The abdomen is of a narrow oblong-oval form, and rather 
 
34T 
 
 densely clothed with a yellowish-brown pubescence. The 
 upper part is bounded by a somewhat sinuous or obtusely 
 dcntated, longitudinal, marginal white band on each side, enclos- 
 ing a broad, central band which presents a considerable differ- 
 ence in appearance owing to the variety of colouring in different 
 examples ; it is usually darkish yellow-brown along the sides, 
 deepening to black-brown at some parts, paler along the middle 
 in a somewhat tapering form, and containing the normal mark- 
 ing, which is darker, but generally indistinct ; when visible thig 
 marking is narrow, pointed behind, and followed by some short 
 obscure, dark angular lines. The sides are brownish, and the 
 under part paler, with sometimes three longitudinal parallel 
 whitish stripes. 
 
 The female is generally lighter coloured, and less distinctly 
 marked, but otherwise resembles the male in its colours and 
 markings, also (like that sex) varying considerably in these 
 respects. Most of the markings on the abdomen become more 
 or less obscure or obsolete, and the abdomen itself much shrunken, 
 after the eggs are deposited. 
 
 This is one of our finest spiders, and is abundant in woods 
 and on wild commons and heaths, being also found throughout 
 Great Britain. In June and July the female may be seen carry- 
 ing about her large round egg cocoon beneath her, partly held 
 up in the falces and palpi, and partly secured by some threads 
 from the spinners. The cocoon is finally enclosed, among the 
 herbage, or on low plants and bushes, in asomewhat dome- 
 shaped maze of web, within which the young, when hatched, 
 are safely enclosed until able to separate andsustain themselves. 
 
 GENUS DOLOMEDES, Latr. DOLOMEDES, Blackw. in part. 
 
 In this genus the spiders are of an altogether stouter build 
 than those of Ocyale. The cephalo-thorax is far less constricted on 
 the lateral margins of the caput ; and the eyes are larger, though 
 similar in position. Those of the middle row are much larger 
 than the laterals of the anterior, and about equal to those of the 
 third (or posterior) row. The Maxilla are shorter, and wider at 
 
348 
 
 their extremities. Tho Labium is slightly less broad than high, and 
 rounded at its apex. The logs are also stronger than those of 
 Ocyale ; they are armed with strongor spines, and have a 
 scopula beneath the tarsi and metatarsi. Their relative length 
 is 4.2.1.3., but the actual difference is not great. 
 
 The spiders of the genus Dolomedes, are of large size and of 
 semi-aquatic habits, being found in marshes and on the edges of 
 stroams, ponds, and lakes. They are able to run with facility on 
 the surface of the water, as well as to dive down and remain 
 beneath it for a considerable time. 
 
 One specios only has been found in Britain, occurring also in 
 Dorsetshire. 
 
 DOLOMEDES FIMBRIATUS. 
 
 Dolomedes fimbeiatus, Walch., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 40, pi. ii., fig. 20. 
 „ ornatus, Blackw., loc. cit. p. 39, pi. ii., fig. 19. 
 
 The longth of the male is from 4 J to 6 lines, and that of tho 
 female 10 to 11 lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of the male is deep brown, with a broad, 
 longitudinal, pale, yellowish band on each side, not far from tho 
 margin, and clothed thickly with short white hairs. 
 
 The legs are long, strong (particularly the femora), and of a 
 brownish-yellow colour, tinged with red. 
 
 The palpi are strong, moderately long, similar in colour to the 
 legs (excepting the digital joint, which is dark brown), and 
 armed with strongish spines. The radial joint is stronger than 
 the cubital, and has a not very large, tapering, pointed, slightly 
 curved apophysis at its extremity on the outer side, and a much 
 larger one underneath ; between these is a small, slightly curved, 
 pointed, black, tooth-like spine. The digital joint is large, con- 
 siderably dilated at its base on the inner side, and as long as tne 
 radial and cubital joints together. The palpal organs are rather 
 complex, with a curved filiform spine at their extremity. 
 
349 
 
 The abdomen is oval, rather truncated before, and obtusely 
 pointed behind. The uppor part is of a deep yellowish-brown 
 colour, with a broad, longitudinal, marginal band on each side, 
 clothed with short white pubescence. The normal marking is 
 obscure, but of a palo yellow-brownish hue, pointed behind, and 
 between it and the marginal white band, on each %ide, is a 
 longitudinal row of small but vivid white spots. These are 
 often obsolete, and generally so in the adult female. The sides 
 are da?'k brown, and the under part is paler, with a rather 
 obscure marginal stripe on oach side, and two others along the 
 middle, near together, aud converging towards the spinners, 
 which, however, they do not reach. Very young examples alone 
 have the transverse bars visible on the hinder part of the 
 abdomen, the white marginal bands being also indistinct ; from 
 such examples Mr. Blackwall described as a new species Dolomedes 
 ornatus, loc. cit. 
 
 The female resembles the male in its markings, but it is, in 
 the adult state, usually darker, and the white bands are less dis- 
 tinct. 
 
 This is one of our largest British spiders, and its dark brown 
 hue, in contrast with the white longitudinal bands on the 
 cophalo-thorax, and abdomen, render it one not easily mistaken. 
 Immature examples of both sexes, as well as adult females, 
 have been met with frequently in marshy spots on Bloxworth 
 Heath, and in Morden Park, but I have never yot myself met with 
 the adult male. The description above given of that sex has been 
 made from examples kindly sent to me f com Wokingham by the 
 Rev. 0. W. Penny. Towards the end of the summer the female 
 takes her egg-cocoon to the top of a tuft of rushes or low bush 
 (I have found it both on the swedtgale and on low rhododendrons), 
 and there surrounds it with a maze of web within wliich the 
 young are hatched, and, sitting on tho outside, she caret' idly 
 guards and tends the brood until largo enough to disperse and 
 shift for themselves. 
 
 Dolomedes fimbriatus'w also met with in the Fens of Cambridge- 
 shire, as well as in Scotland and Ireland. 
 
350 
 
 GENUS PIRATA, Sund. LYOOSA, Blachw., in part., and 
 
 PIE ATA, Cambr., in part. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is long, moderately constricted at the 
 lower margjns of the caput, which is broad and truncated at ita 
 fore extremity below, but rather narrow and rounded above ; its 
 hairy clothing is slight, and the *facies is nearly vertical. 
 
 The first and second rows of eyes are of equal length, the 
 former being very small, of equal size, and separated from the 
 lower margin of the clypeus by no more, or evon less, than a 
 diameter of one of its central eyes. The eyes of the second row 
 are the largest of the eight, divided from each other by 
 nearly about a diameter's space, and forming with those of the 
 third (or posterior) row, a quadrangle much broader behind than 
 in front. The length of the line formed by tho lateral eyes of the 
 second and third rows, on each side, is equal to that of the 
 second row. The eyes of the third row are considerably larger 
 than those of the first. 
 
 The legs are long and tolerably strong. The spines are rather 
 slender, and there is no scopula beneath tho tarsi. 
 
 The spinners of the superior pair are distinctly, but not greatly i 
 longer than those of the inferior. M. Simon states them to be 
 two-jointed; but it appears to me that he reckons as a joint 
 the small fixed basal prominence to which the spinner is articu- 
 lated. 
 
 The spiders of this genus are, like Dolomedes, semi-aquatic. 
 They are usually of small or moderate size, and are all conspicu- 
 ous from the two longitudinal rows of shining white dots, and 
 often similarly coloured borderings, with which the abdomen is 
 ornamented. 
 
 Five species have been recorded as British, four having been 
 found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 * The facies is the front portion of the caput between ita upper anterior 
 margin and the falces. 
 
351 
 PIRATA PISCATOBIA. 
 
 Atuneus piscatorhjs, Clereh., Sv. Spindl., p, 203, pi. v., tab. 5. 
 
 Lyoosa de oreyii, Cambr., Trans. Liua. Soc. xxvii., p. 396, 
 pi. liv., No. 3. 
 
 Length of the male, 4 J lines, and of the female, 5J-. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is brownish-yellow, with a broad, dark, 
 yellow-brown longitudinal band on each side. The central space 
 thus left includes, at its forepart, a broad (but rather obscure), 
 somewhat spear-headed, dark yellow-brown marking, with a deep 
 black-brown point, directed backwards, and formed by the 
 thoracic indentation ; the marginal bands are thickly and con- 
 spicuously clothed with bright, silvery white hairs. 
 
 The log3 are long, 4.1.2.3., moderately strong, brownish-yellow, 
 the tibiae and metatarsi of the first two pairs strongly suffused 
 with deep brown, tingod with reddish. 
 
 The palpi are similar to the legs in colour The radial joint is 
 considerably longer than the cubital, and curved. The digital 
 joint is long and strong, of a pointed oval form, and equal in 
 length to the radial and cubital joints together ; its colour is 
 deep blackish-brown tinged with red. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, somewhat truncate in front, broader and 
 obtuse behind, and its general hue is dark yellow-brown, mottled 
 obscurely with yellowish. On the fore part of the upper side 
 is the normal band, not very large, of a clear brownish-yellow, 
 very slightly enlargod laterally about the middle, and pointed at 
 its hinder oxtremity ; nearly parallel with which, on either side, 
 is a conspicuous bright bluish-silvery dot, followed by several 
 others of a similar nature at intervals towards the spinners, and 
 forming two parallel rows. Some of these spots are more con- 
 spicuous than the rest, and above the spinners are some obscure, 
 transverse, curved, yellowish lines. The sides are more or less 
 clothed with bright bluish-silvery hairs. Some of these are 
 concentrated, and form a short but conspicuous white band on 
 either side of the fore extremity. 
 
352 
 
 The sexes do not appear to differ much excepting in size. 
 
 This species is allied to Pirata hygrophilus, Thor., and Pirata 
 piraticun, Clerek. The broad, white, marginal, thoracic bands, 
 howover, besides its larger size, distinguish it easily from both. 
 
 An adult male was kindly sent to me from Merton Hall, 
 Norfolk, by Lord Walsingham some few years ago ; and several 
 adult females were met with in a swamp on Bloxworth Heath 
 on the 15 th August, 1879. 
 
 PIRATA HYGROPHILUS. 
 
 Pirata hygrophilus, Thor., Syn. Eur. Spid., p. 343. 
 Lycosa piscatoria, Placlcw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Irel., p. 36, 
 pi. ii., fig. 17. 
 
 Length of the male from 2£ to rather over 3 lines, and of the 
 female from 3 to 3£ lines. 
 
 Tho cephalo-thorax is yellow-brown, with a broad, olive-brown, 
 longitudinal band on each side, and a narrow marginal one of 
 tho same hue ; immediately behind the eyes is an elongate, 
 wedge-shaped, similarly-coloured marking, whose fine produced 
 point is directed backwards, and the greater part of its length 
 is bisected by a longitudinal yellow-brown line, or stripe, of 
 greater or loss strength. This wedge-shaped marking is com- 
 mon to all the species of the genus ; it varies a little in its form 
 and distinctness, and is a reliable specific character. 
 
 The legs are long, tolerably strong, of a yellow-brown colour, 
 annulated with greenish, . or olive-brown ; the annulations are 
 more distinct in some than in other oxamplos, but perceptiblo in 
 all. 
 
 The eyes of the anterior row are separated by equal intervals. 
 
 The palpi are rather long, and of a greenish yellow-brown 
 hue, the digital joint being tho darkest. The radial joint is a 
 little longer than the cubital, and (like all the true Lycosids) 
 devoid of any apophysis at its extremity. The digital joint is 
 large, equalling in length that of the radial and cubital joints 
 together, and the palpal organs aro complex. 
 
353 
 
 The abdomen is of a deep brown colour abovo and on the sides, 
 and reddish yellow-brown along the middle of the fore half, 
 which contains the normal marking. This is of an elongate, 
 somewhat diamond-shape, defined by a strong, though rather 
 irregular, dark brown marginal lino. The hinder extremity is 
 sharp pointed, and enclosed within the first of a series of 
 broadish, angular, and in some examples triangular, or arrow- 
 head-shaped, brownish-red bars, which diminish in size as they 
 approach the spinners ; along each side of these bars, at a little 
 distance, is a longitudinal row of small, bright bluish white 
 spots. The under side is yollow-brown. The sternum is dark- 
 brown, bisected longitudinally by a brownish-yellow stripe. 
 
 The sexes differ but very little, excepting in size, being remark- 
 ably similar to each other both in colours and markings. 
 
 This spider is abundant among rushes and sedgy grasses in 
 swamps at Bloxworth and in tho neighbourhood, and is adult in 
 June and July. I have also met with it at Glanvilles Wootton ; 
 and it has occurred in Buckinghamshire. 
 
 PIHATA PIBATICUS. 
 
 Araneus pieaticus, Chick., Sv., Spindl., p. 102, pi. v., tab. 1. 
 Lycosa pieatica, BlacJcw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 34, 
 pi. ii., fig. 16. 
 
 The length of the male is from 2\ to 2£ lines, and of the 
 female 2£ to 3J lines. 
 
 Although very nearly allied to Pirata JiygropMlm, Thor., this 
 spider may be distinguished without difficulty by its generally 
 more yellow-brownish hue. It is also rather smaller. The 
 following differences may be noted in the otherwise very similar 
 pattern. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax has no marginal brown band. The 
 normal longitudinal marking on the fore half of the abdomen 
 is of a somewhat tapering, oblong foim, blunt-pointed behind, 
 
354 
 
 sometimes a little dilated in the middle, and of a brightish 
 yellow colour, without any marginal dark line ; the succeeding 
 angular bars are usually much less distinct, being dull yellow- 
 brown. Tho general colour of the upper part and sides of the 
 abdomen is reddish yellow-brown ; the two longitudinal rows of 
 white spots are very vivid, and the fore part and sides are 
 clothed in a somewhat streaky form, and also mottled, with 
 equally bright bluish white hairs. 
 
 The two central eyes of the anterior row are rather larger 
 than the laterals. 
 
 The legs and palpi are of a greenish-brown colour, the former 
 without any dark annuli ; and the digital joints of the latter 
 reddish-brown. Tho radial joint of the palpus is longer than 
 the cubital ; the digital joint is much smaller than those of 
 Pirata hygropkilus, and the palpal organs are less complex. 
 
 Excepting in size there is but little difference between the 
 sexes. 
 
 Pirata piraticus is found in similar situations to those in which 
 Pirata hygrophilus is met with, and is still more abundant in 
 many localities. It is found, though not so commonly, in the 
 neighbourhood of Bloxworth ; but in the marshy grounds near 
 Wareham it is exceedingly plentiful, as well as on the borders 
 of Little-Sea, near Studland. It occurs also in other parts of 
 England, as well as in many parts of Scotland. The uppor rail 
 of wood and iron fencing, in wet and marshy spots, is usually 
 crowded with immature individuals of this spider, on bright 
 warm mornings in May. They appear to come to such situations 
 as these for the purpose of beginning their aerial excursions. 
 When running along a rail they may be seen suddenly to stop 
 and elevate themselves on their legs, standing as it were on tip. 
 toe ; then silken threads partly propelled from the spinners by 
 the spider, and partly drawn out by the breeze may be seen 
 floating out, and with a slight jerk the spider starts and sails 
 away suspended in the air by its silken parachute. It is adult 
 in June and July, and the egg cocoon is globular and white. 
 
355 
 
 PI RATA LATITANS. 
 
 Lycosa latitans, Elacho., Spid. Great Brit, and Ireland, p. 33 ( 
 pi. ii, fig. 15. 
 
 The male measures 2 lines in length, and the female 2£ lines. 
 
 This species maybe distinguished from either of the foregoing 
 (and from all other known spiders of this genus) by its small size* 
 and more sombre colouring. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is dark brown, with a very obscure 
 wedge-shaped marking, defined by a paler marginal line, behind 
 the eyes. 
 
 The legs are long, of a greenish yellow-brown colour, occasion- 
 ally faintly annulated with a deeper hue. 
 
 The palpi are long and similar in colour to the legs ; the radial 
 is longer than the cubital joint ; the digital joint is small, and 
 the palpal organs not very complex. 
 
 The abdomen is of a dark blackish-brown colour ; the normal 
 marking on the fore half of the upper side is of a narrow oblong 
 form, roughly pointed behind, of a yellowish colour, and, 
 ordinarily, not very distinct ; the succeeding angular bars or 
 triangles are tinged with reddish and in general rather obscure, 
 but occasionally well marked. On each side is a longitudinal 
 row of small brilliant white spots, which present a remarkably 
 characteristic contrast to the sombre hue of the surface. The 
 fore part and sides are also striped and mottled with white 
 pubescence. 
 
 The sexes differ chiefly in size, but the legs of the male are 
 the longest and darkest coloured. 
 
 This spider is found in tolerable abundance at Bloxworth, and 
 in the neighbourhood, among grass in damp meadows, and in 
 swamps and marshes among rushes and sedge, as well as among 
 moss in woods. Its egg-cocoon is round and whin, and it is 
 
356 
 
 adult in tlie months of May, June, and July. It has also 
 occurred at Glanvilles Wootton, and has been met with in various 
 other parts of England and Wales. 
 
 GENUS TEOCHOSA, C. L. Koch., Thorell. LYCOSA, Bhckw. 
 in part. 
 
 In this group the eyes, although unequal in size, do not 
 usually differ as much as in the succoediug genera — Tarentula 
 and Lycosa — nor is the area occupied by them, usually so large 
 in comparison with the broadth of the caput. Tho length of the 
 anterior row either exceeds perceptibly, or is never less than 
 that of the second (or middle) row ; and its two central 
 eyes are larger than the laterals. {Trochosa leopardus is, however, 
 an exception in respect to this last character). As in Pirata, the 
 anterior row of eyes is very close to the lower margin of tho 
 clypeus ; the interval not much exceeding, in any case, the 
 diameter of one of its central eyes. 
 
 The sides of the caput (looked at from in front) are sloping 
 but convex, and the "Facies" is low. 
 
 The legs are moderately long, strong, and not much attenuated 
 at their extremities. 
 
 The spidors of this genus conceal themselves under stones, or 
 low down among herbage in damp places ; some form cylindrical 
 holes in the earth, bning them with silk. One (T. picta) may 
 be found at times running in sandy or gravelly places in sun- 
 shine. 
 
 Six species have been recorded as British ; and of these four 
 are found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 All the spiders included in Trochosa are joined by M. Simon 
 with Tarentula, to form his genus Lycosa. I am unable, how- 
 ever, at present, to enter fully into this new arrangement, con- 
 fessing at the same time that the generic divisions adopted here 
 are not as strongly and satisfactorily marked as could be desired. 
 
357 
 
 TROCHOSA LEOPARDUS. 
 
 Lyoosa leopardtjs, Sund., Sv. Spindl. Beskr., Vet. Akad. Handl. 
 
 f. 1832, p. 189, and Tlior. Syn. Eur. Spid. 
 
 p. 331. 
 Lycosa cahbrica, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel. p. 32, 
 
 pi. ii., fig. 14. 
 
 The length of the male is about 3 J lines, and that of the femalo 
 from 4 to 4£ lines, but both sexes vary a good deal in size. 
 
 The cepkalo-thorax is broad and truncated in front, the lateral 
 constrictions on the margins of the caput being slight ; its colour 
 is deep blackish-brown, thinly clothed with short, greyish, 
 yellow-brown pubescence, and a few erect hairs, of which some 
 on the sides and hinder part are white. 
 
 The legs are rather strong, not very long — 4.1.2.3. Their 
 colour is yellow-brown, varying a good deal in depth and clear- 
 ness, and annulated distinctly with black. 
 
 The palpi are similar in colour to the legs, but much less dis- 
 tinctly marked. The radial and cubital joints are of equal length ; 
 the digital joint is of a very narrow, elongate-oval form, not 
 much broader than the radial joint ; the palpal organs occupying 
 a circular cavity at its base, of less than half the length of the 
 joint, and are neither prominent nor complex. 
 
 The lateral eyes of the anterior row are slightly larger than 
 those of the central pair. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, rather broadest behind. It is closely 
 covered with greyish yellow-brown pubescence, and some sparse 
 erect dark hairs ; the normal longitudinal marking on the fore 
 part of the upper side is of a somewhat dusky brown colour, a 
 little prominent on each side just past the middle, the prominences 
 being brought out more strongly by a black spot in connection 
 with each. The angular bars on the hinder part are short, 
 similar in colour to tho normal marking, but often very obscure 
 and (in males) fiequently obsolete behind their extremities ; and 
 at their apices, which are usually broken, are black spots, often 
 
358 
 
 connected by a fine black line, or running into each otber, giving 
 to the abdomen a very protty and variegated look, most notice- 
 able in females and immature males. The sides and under part 
 are a mixture of yellow-brown, darken brown, and greyish ; the 
 latter with a narrow, spotty looking, brownish yellow, marginal 
 stripe on each side. 
 
 Excepting in the points above noticed the sexes differ but very 
 little. 
 
 This is a fine and handsome species. I have found it, though 
 rarely, in damp meadows and marshy places at Bloxworth in 
 June and July, but more abundantly at the Swannery, at Abbots- 
 bury on the 20th of June, 1876. It has also occurred in other 
 parts of England, as well as in various localities in Scotland, and 
 in North Wales. The male can hardly be mistaken for any 
 other British Lycosid, if the narrowness of the digital joints of 
 the palpi be borne in mind. 
 
 TROCHOSA PICTA. 
 
 Lycosa picta, Halm., Blackw., Spid. Great. Brit, and Irel., p. 25, 
 pi. i., fig. 8. 
 
 Like the foregoing species, the present also varies consider- 
 ably in size. I have met with males measuring from 2£ to 
 nearly 4 lines in length, and females from 3J to 5 lines. 
 
 Trochosa picta is one of the handsomest, perhaps the hand- 
 somest, of all our indigenous Lycosids. 
 
 The form of the cephalo-thorax is very similar to that of 
 Trochosa leopardus ; it is of a reddish yellow-brown colour with a 
 broad, lateral, blackish, or deep brown, band on each side, and 
 a narrower marginal one of the same colour. The margins of 
 tho lateral bands are very irregular or denticulate, so that fre- 
 quently the spaces between them and the marginal ones are 
 reduced to a row of broken patches, and the central, red- brown 
 band is represented by a large, transverse, oblong marking 
 
359 
 
 behind the eyes, and a stellate or radiated one at the junction of 
 the caput and thorax ; between the two markings are two black 
 spots or blotches in a short transverse line. The ocular area is 
 black, and behind each of the two posterior eyes is a strongish, 
 oblique patch of red brown. It should be mentioned that the 
 transverse oblong behind the eyes always contains two small 
 black spots in a transverse line on the middle. The whole 
 cephalo-thorax is clothed with yellow grey pubescence, so that 
 (as is the case also with may other species) the pattern only 
 comes out strongly when the spider is immersed in spirit. 
 
 The legs are reddish yellow-brown, in general distinctly 
 annulated with black, or black brown ; the paler parts, and 
 often the whole, clothed with greyish-white pubescence. 
 
 The palpi are similar to the legs in colour and markings. 
 The digital joint is dark reddish-brown, and of an elongate, 
 narrow-oval form, but not quite so narrow as that of Trochosa 
 leopurdus. The position and general form and structure of th e 
 palpal organs are very like those of that species. 
 
 The eyes of the central pair of the anterior row are slightly 
 larger than the latorals. 
 
 The abdomen is rather broadest behind. The upper side is 
 strikingly variegated with black, brown, white, greyish-yellow 
 and red-brown— often also with bright reddish; presenting at 
 first sight, no very easily traceable pattern ; however in most cases 
 the usual pattern may be discerned on the upper side. The normal 
 longitudinal marking on the fore half is of a greyish yellow- 
 brown colour, black at its fore part, edged with black posteriorly, 
 and with a black prominent marking, joined to a yellowish spot 
 behind it, at the broadest part. The hinder extremity of the 
 normal marking is the narrowest, and is truncated; on each 
 Bide of its fore part, contiguous and often confluent with it, 
 is a large, irregular oval, reddish-yellow, whitish, or brownish- 
 yellow marking ; on the hinder half of the abdomen is a 
 longitudinal, central, yellowish-brown band containing the 
 normal angular bars ; these are generally of a clearer yellow- 
 
860 
 
 brown or yellowish-whito colour, more or less strongly edged 
 both before and behind with black, and often divided at their 
 vertices with a black line. On either side of the first two of these 
 bars is a large, distinctly denned, oval, yellowish, or whitish 
 marking, followed towards the spinners by several other smaller 
 ones decreasing gradually in size, the intervals between them 
 being black. The fore half of the sides is black, the hinder part 
 brownish-yellow, spotted with black ; and tho under side is of a 
 dusky black or brownish hue. When, in addition to tho above, 
 the paler portions are in some parts (as is often the case) tinged 
 strongly with red, the appearance of this handsome spider may bo 
 easily imagined. Much variation exists in the extent of the 
 different portions of the above pattern, and in their depth of 
 colouring ; these often taking their prevailing tint from the colour 
 of tho soil in which the spider is found. The best marked, richost 
 coloured, and largest examples are found (at least such is my own 
 experience) on sandy and gravelly heaths, where there is consider- 
 able depth and variety of colouring, arising from tho dark heath- 
 soil, the grey- washed sands which streak it, and the bits of red, 
 black-brown, and yellow gravel strewn on its barer parts. But 
 on the uniformly tinted greyish-yellow sandhills between Poole 
 and Christchurch I have found a dwarf, pale yellow-brown 
 variety, with scarcely any dark markings on it at all, the legs 
 even being of a uniform hue, and wholly destitute of dark annuli. 
 It was long before I could bo convinced that those last specimens 
 were identical in species with the strikingly different examples 
 found abundantly in tho heath district at Bloxworth. 
 
 Trochosa picta runs in sunshine, and forms a vertical cylindrical 
 hole in the sand, lining it slenderly with silk. It appears to be 
 found throughout the sandy or heathy districts of this County ; 
 and I have met with it in tolerable abundance on the borders of 
 the Chcsil Beach between Weymouth and Portland. I have also 
 received it from other parts of England, as well as from Scotland 
 and "Wales. 
 
 The sexes are marked alike, but the male is usually darker 
 coloured than tho female. 
 
361 
 
 TROCHOSA RURICOLA. 
 
 Abanea rurioola, Degeer. Mom. vii., p. 282, pi. ii., fig. 13-14, 
 
 pi. 17, fig. 1-2. 
 Lyoosa oampestris, Walck., Blaekw., Spid. Great Brit, aud Irel., 
 p. 18, pi. 1, fig. 3. 
 The length of tho male is from 3J- to 5 lines, and that of the 
 femalo from 4 to 6 lines. 
 
 Tho cophalo-thorax of the male is clothed with greyish- 
 yellow pubescence, and has a broad, tapering, central, brownish- 
 yellow band, strongly constricted at the occiput. The fore 
 part of this band runs into the ocular area; it has two 
 not very long, parallel, longitudinal, olive-brown stripes near 
 the middle, and the hinder part has a longitudinal red- 
 brown line at the juncture of the thoracic segments. The 
 sides of the cephalo-thorax are yellow-brown, tingod with 
 olive, and with a paler yellow-brown, narrow, sub-marginal 
 band. The anterior row of eyes is longer than the second, and 
 its two central eyes are considerably larger than the laterals. 
 
 The legs are strong, moderately long, of a brownish-yellow 
 colour; the tibia), tarsi, and metatarsi of the first pair being 
 doep brown ; the spines are strongest and most numerous on the 
 third and fourth pairs. 
 
 The palpi are of tolerable length, and similar in colour to the 
 logs, oxceptingthe digital joint, which is deep brown; the radial 
 joint is equal in length to the cubital, but stronger. The digital 
 joint is of an'elongate-oval form, broadest at its base, but not so 
 narrow in proportion as that of Trochosa picta and Trochosa 
 leopardus, aud terminates with a strong, dark, curved claw. The 
 palpal organs are confined to the base of the joint ; they are 
 prominent but not very complex. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, pointed behind, and of a general yellow- 
 brownish olive hue above ; the normal marking on the fore half 
 of the upper side is of a rather clear yellowish colour, edged 
 with black-brown, and pointed at its hinder extremity. The 
 
362 
 
 angular bars on the hinder half (in well marked examples) often 
 form either a series of triangular, yollow-brown, almost confluent 
 markings, oaoh with two small dark spots in a transverse line, or 
 a tapering dentated band, travorsod by fine blackish, as well as 
 paleryellow-brown, curved or sub-angular linos, whoso extremities 
 are dilated into patchos, which form on oach side a longitudinal 
 row of alternate palo and dark spots, converging to tho spinnors. 
 These last rows of spots, however, are ofton the only markings 
 traceable on the hinder half of tho abdomen. The fore part has 
 a broadish longitudinal black-brown, more or less well defined, 
 marginal bar on each side. The sides are yellow-brown, with 
 some oblique lines of black -brown spots, the under part boing 
 paler with an ill-definocl, broken, marginal, dusky brown stripe 
 on each sido. 
 
 The female resembles the male very closely, but is usually 
 lightor coloured. In both sexes thero is much variation in the 
 distinctness of the abdominal markings, which are sometimes 
 almost entirely obsolete. 
 
 This fine spider is rather rare, in the months of May and June, 
 at Bloxworth and in the neighbourhood, as woll as in other parts 
 of the County, under stones, or othor similar protection ia 
 meadows, and also in the open placos and grassy rides of wood- 
 lands. The egg cocoon is white and globular ; and (according to 
 Mr. Black wall) it contains about 115 eggs. This species frequently 
 passes the winter in a cavity hollowed out by itself under a stone. 
 I have met with it in many other parts of England, and it is 
 also found both in Wales and Scotland. 
 
 TROCHOSA TERRICOLA. 
 
 Troohosa teiuucola, Thorell., Eoc. Orit. Aran. p. 62, 102. 
 Lyoosa ageetyoa, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 17, 
 pi. i., fig. 2. 
 
 Tho length of the malo is from 3 to 4 J lines, and that of the 
 female from 4 to 6 linos. 
 
 This spider is noarly allied to Trochosa mricola, Degeer, and 
 
363 
 
 resembles it very closely in general appearance, colours, and 
 markings, though its general hue is often of a redder-brown tinge. 
 If the following differences are noted, the two species need never 
 be confounded with each other. 
 
 The central pair of eyes of the anterior row are only a little 
 larger than the laterals, the row itself being nearer to the falces ; 
 the metatarsi and tibia}, only, of the first pair of legs are of a 
 dark brown hue, and all the femora are faintly annulated 
 with olive-brown. The sub-marginal yellow-brown band on the 
 cephalo-thorax is generally more or less interrupted or broken. 
 The normal marking on the fore half of the upper side of the 
 abdomen is of the same hue as the surrounding surface, and 
 only indicated by its dark marginal line ; it emits an oblique 
 dark line on each side towards its hinder extremity, which is 
 narrowor then the rost, but truncated, with its corners a little 
 produced on each side in an oblique direotion. 
 
 The palpi (of the male) are rather shorter than those of 
 Trochosa ruricola, but the digital joint is larger and broader, and 
 has no terminal curved spine. 
 
 The female of the present species may be distinguished from 
 that of Trochosa ruricola, not only (like the male) by the smaller 
 central eyes of the anterior row, and the form and colour of the 
 normal marking on the abdomen, but also by the size and form 
 of the genital aperture ; this is large and conspicuous in the 
 present, but very much smaller and inconspicuous in the former 
 species. 
 
 Trochosa terricola is a more abundant spider at Bloxworth than 
 Trochosa ruricola. It inhabits, generally, similar situations, but 
 is of tener found among moss and dead leaves in woods, and among 
 moss and heather on heaths and wastes. The egg-cocoon and 
 its contents are very nearly similar to those of Trochosa ruricola, 
 and the spidor itself often hybernates in a similarly excavated 
 hole in the earth under a stone. 
 
 I have received this spider from various other parts of Dorset- 
 shire ; and it is of frequent occurrence in numerous localities in 
 England, Scotland, and Wales. 
 
364 
 
 GENUS TAEENTUIA, Sunt. LYOOSA, Blaohw. in part. 
 
 Although it is difficult to draw a sharp line between the 
 spiders of this and the foregoing genus, the present may he 
 distinguished, generally, by the length of the anterior row of 
 eyos, being a little shorter (certainly not longer) than the second 
 row. 
 
 The facies is high and very broad towards the falces, and the 
 sides of the caput are strongly convex. The legs are generally 
 strong, and but little attenuated at their extremities. Tho ocular 
 area is at least as long as it is broad, and the interval between 
 the anterior row of eyes and the falces (i.e., the height of the 
 clypous) is usually groater than in IVochosa. 
 
 Tho spiders of this group may be usually found running in 
 sunshine ; six species are at present known in Great Britain, 
 but of these, four only have as yet been found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 TARENTULA PULVERULENTA. 
 
 Araneus FTTLVERULENTtrs, Clerck., Sv. Spiudl., p. 93, pi. 4, tab. 6. 
 Lyoosa RArAx, BlacJcu)., Spid Great Brit, and Irel., p. 21, pi. 1, 
 fig. 5. 
 
 The length of the male is from 2| to 3J lines, and of the 
 female from 4 to 5 lines. 
 
 The sides of the cephalo-thorax are dark-brown, with a marginal 
 band of yellow-brown, and a broad, longitudinal, central one 
 of the same hue, clothed with yellowish-groy pubescence; the 
 central band is of very nearly uniform width throughout, and 
 has no lateral constrictions; a short, longitudinal, red-brown 
 line shews the thoracic junction. 
 
 The legs are strong, of a yellowish red-brown colour. ; the 
 femora markod with brown spots and markings ; in males the 
 femora and tibico of the first pair, and the femora of the second, 
 are of a black-brown colour, 
 
365 
 
 Tho palpi (of the male) aro strong and of moderate length ; 
 thoir colour is yellow-brown, the digital joint doop brown; the 
 radial is rather strongor than the cubital joint, and the digital is 
 rather large. The palpal organs are not very complex, but have, 
 among others, a strongish, prominent corneous process on the 
 outer side. 
 
 Tho anterior row of eyes is distinctly shorter than the second 
 row, and its eyes are all very small, apparently equal (or very 
 nearly so) in size, and separated by equal intervals. 
 
 The abdomen has a broad, central, longitudinal, tapering 
 yellow-brown band, clothed with yellowish-grey hairs. The 
 normal marking at the fore extremity of this band is brown, and 
 of largish size; its margins are black, and it terminates in a 
 sharp point ; the broadest part is a little past the middle, where 
 it is subangularly prominent ; on either side of the fore half of 
 the central band is a somowhat dirfusod black band continued 
 backwards by a succession of black and pale spots, representing 
 tho terminations of tho ordinary angular or curved bars, which 
 are of a pale huo, but very nearly obsolete in most instances ; 
 from somo of the black spots just mentioned, oblique lines of 
 smaller ones traverse the sides, which are of a brownish hue, and 
 (with the under side, which is yollowish-brown) are clothed with 
 yellowish-grey hairs. 
 
 The sexes do not diffor except in size and in the points noted 
 above. Varieties occur (of both sexes), in which the central 
 abdominal band and its anterior normal marking are much moro 
 distinct than in others, the band being of a bright yellow-brown, 
 and the point of the marking drawn out backwards into a fine 
 line. 
 
 This spidor is found, but not very commonly, at Bloxworth, 
 and in various other parts of the county. The males run in 
 sunshine, but the females are generally found among herbage or 
 dibris of various kinds in woods, on hoaths, waste grounds, and 
 commons, and in hedgerows. It appears to be generally dis- 
 tributed throughout England, Scotland, and Wales, and is adult 
 in May and June. 
 
366 
 
 TARENTULA CUNEATA. 
 
 Aeaneus cuneatus, Clerck, Sv., Spindl., p. 99, pi. iv., tab. 11. 
 Lycosa baebipes, Sand., Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 398. 
 „ armillata, Walck, Cambr., Zoologist 1861, p. 7555. 
 
 Longth of the male, 2£ to 3 lines, and of the female 3 to 4 
 lines. 
 
 This very distinct and striking specios is nearly allied, and 
 similar in its colour and markings, to Tarentula puhendcnta 
 Clerck., but it is, in general, more distinctly marked, and the paler 
 parts are clothed with whiter hairs. The male may be distin- 
 guished at a glance by the tumidity, or gouty-looking incrassa- 
 tion of the tibite of the first pair of legs, the tumid part being 
 deep black-brown and obliquely indented on each side. 
 
 Pound by my nephew, Frederick 0. P. Cambridge, near 
 Sherborne in September, 1878, and by myself in June, 1879; 
 also on the Downs near Hursley, Hants, in the month of May, 
 1862 ; as well as near Brighton, in June, 1871, but apparently a 
 very rare spider there. It has also occurred in some abundance 
 at Eingstead, on the Coast between Weymouth and Lulworth, in 
 April, 1879, and I havo received an example of it from Woking- 
 ham. 
 
 TARENTULA ANDRENIVORA. 
 
 Lyoosa andeenivora, Walck., Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel., p. 20, pi. i., fig. 4. 
 
 Tho male measures from 3 J to 4 J lines in length, and tho 
 female from 3 £ to 5 lines. 
 
 Tho cephalo-thorax is very liko that of Tarentula pulverulenta 
 in its markings, but the marginal band is broader; and the 
 central band, which is thickly clothed with grey pubescence, is 
 strongly constricted, or sharply indonted, on each side of the 
 occiput, and often more finely donticulate on the margins behind 
 it. The sides are dark brown. The central eyes of the anterior 
 
367 
 
 row (which is distinctly shorter than the second) are wider apart 
 from each othor than each is from the lateral eye on its side. 
 
 The legs are strong, of a reddish-brown colour, marked and 
 annulated (but sometimes irregularly and sparingly) with black- 
 brown, those markings being much toned down hy the prevailing 
 grey pubescence. In the males the femora only are marked with 
 brown, those of the first pair, as well as the tibiae and the base of 
 the metatarsi, are hlack, the under sides of the tibia?, which are 
 rather incrassated, being thickly clothed with black hairs. 
 
 The palpi (of the male) are of a dark colour ; the radial is 
 rather stronger than the cubital joint; the digital joint is largo 
 and the palpal organs aro neither very prominent nor very 
 complex. 
 
 The abdomen of tho female has on the upper side a broadish, 
 central, tapering longitudinal band of a pale yellow-brown 
 colour, clothed with grey pubescence ; the normal marking on 
 its fore part is long, rather narrow, brownish-black, with blacker 
 spots on its margins, dilated past the middle, where its margins 
 are angularly prominent, the point of the angle directod obliquely 
 backwards ; its posterior extromity is truncated, the corners pro- 
 duced, and emitting, on each side, an oblique black line. To the 
 normal marking there succeeds a series of angular black lines, 
 whose extremities, on either side, end in a pale spot with a 
 strong, black, anterior margin. The remaining portions of the 
 upper side are of a brown colour, mixed with grey, and spotted 
 with black. Tho under part is yellow brown, clothed with 
 yellowish-grey pubescence. 
 
 The abdomen of the male has the central longitudinal band, 
 in general, of a moro or less uniform grey, with strong, broad, 
 black margins, broken into spots on the hinder part ; from these 
 spots oblique rows of smaller black ones traverse the sides. 
 Occasionally, however, the normal marking and angular bars 
 may be traced. 
 
 This spider is frequent on Bloxworth Heath, where both sexes 
 may be seen running in sunshine in the spring and summer 
 months. It is also found in other parts of England and in Scot- 
 
368 
 
 land. The soxos are adult from March to July. Probably 
 some of tho adult males survive the winter, as they are found at 
 times in tho autumn, as well as in very early spring. 
 
 TARENTULA FABRILIS. 
 
 Araneus fabrilis, Clcrek., Sv. Spindl., p. 86, pi. iv., tab. 2. 
 
 Lyoosa tarentula fabrilis, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn. xiv., p. 
 
 168, pi. ccccxcviii., fig. 1392. 
 
 Length of tho male from 5 to 6 lines, and of the female from 
 6 to 8 lines. 
 
 This fino spider is nearly allied to tho foregoing, but is much 
 larger, and tho under side of the abdomen is of a velvety black 
 colour. The markings of the cophalo -thorax and abdomen, 
 though of a generally similar character, are bolder and more 
 distinct, and prosent a still stronger contrast between the light- 
 grey pubescence, and the black-brown, and black markings. 
 
 Tho logs of the male aro yellowish red-brown, sparingly 
 clothed with grey puboscence, and obscurely marked on the 
 femora with brown. Tho femora and tibieo of the first pair 
 have none of the dark colouring or clothing of those of 
 Tarentula andrenivora. 
 
 The palpi are rather long, and like the legs in colour, except 
 the digital joints, which are large and dark brown. The radial 
 is rather longor and strongor than tho cubital joint ; the palpal 
 organs aro not very complex, but have a strong, black, promin- 
 ent process on their outer side. 
 
 Tho central eyes of the anterior row (which is nearly about 
 equal in length to tho second row, or perhaps slightly shortor) are 
 larger than the laterals, all four boing separated by very nearly 
 equal intervals ; if anything, however, the spaco botwoen those 
 of the central pair is rather the widost. 
 
 Tarentula fabrilis must rank among our largest indigenous 
 
369 
 
 spiders ; it is probably of extremo rarity in England ; * the 
 only example yet recorded being an adult male found running 
 in sunshino on Bloxworth Hoath, on the 10th of October, 1868. 
 The black undorsido of the abdomen, the almost uniformly- 
 coloured legs, and tho absence of black hairs on the under sides of 
 the tibia) of the first pair, rendor it impossible (independent of its 
 larger size) to mistake this spidor for Tarentula andrenivora, the 
 only other, as yet known, British species with which it could be 
 confused. 
 
 GENUS LYCOSA. PAEDOSA, Sim., and C. L Koch., 
 LYCOSA, Blackw. in part. 
 
 The genus Lycosa may be distinguished from either of the 
 three foregoing genera by the far moro porpendicular sides of 
 tho caput, so that when looked at from in front the breadth just 
 above the falces does not very greatly exceed that of the upper 
 part of the facies. The elypeus is also higher, and tho figure 
 formed by the second and third rows of eyes is more nearly 
 quadrate ; the anterior row is shorter than tho second. The 
 logs are long — 4.1.2.3. — and armed with long spines. The 
 extremities of the legs are much attenuated, but thore is no 
 scopula beneath the tarsi, and the whole spider is well covered 
 with hairs and hairy pubescence. 
 
 This genus comprises the bulk of the true Lycosids, and all of 
 them are small, or of moderate size. They may be found in 
 numberless situations, and at various times of the year accord- 
 ing to the species, some of which are exceedingly abundant. 
 All are very active, and most of them run in sunshine, which 
 appears in some cases to bo so essential to their comfort, that on 
 a sudden obscuration of the sun's rays, even if only for a few 
 moments, every spider disappears among the herbage as though 
 by magic ; and where, immediately before, the surface swarmed 
 with spiders, thore will not bo one visible until the sun again 
 shines out. 
 
 * Since the above was written (September 5-15, 1878) numerous examples 
 of both sexes wore found on Bloxworth Heath, near Woolbarrow. 
 
370 
 
 Kftoen apeoies have been, up to the present time, recorded as 
 British, and, of those, twelve are found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 LYCOSA AMENTATA. 
 
 Akaneus amentatus, Clerek., Sv. Spindl., p. 96., pi. iv., tab. 8, 
 fig. 2. 
 
 Lycosa saccata, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 26, pi. 
 ii., fig. 9. 
 
 The male measures from 2£ to 3 J lines in length, and the fomale 
 from 3 to 4 lines. 
 
 The cophalo-thorax is deep brown, with a longitudinal central 
 yellow -brown band, strongly constricted, or deeply notchod on 
 each side at the occiput, and tapering to a point at the posterior 
 extremity of the thorax. The fore part of this band is often 
 much obscured by a brownish suffusion, and seldom quite reaches 
 the ocular area. Besides the central band, there is a much 
 narrower, broken, yellowish-brown one on each side near the 
 margin. 
 
 The legs are long, tolerably strong, of a yellow-brown colour, 
 tingod with reddish and annulated with dark brown or blackish ; 
 in females the annulations are very distinct, and are continued 
 throughout all the joints excepting the tarsi ; but in the males 
 they are much less distinct, and extend only to the femora and 
 tibiae, frequently to the femora only. 
 
 The palpi are moderately long ; their colour is dark yellow- 
 brown, and often black ; the radial joint is stronger than the 
 cubital, and is densely clothed with longish coarse black hairs. 
 The digital joint is of moderate size, and also clothed with black 
 hairs ; the palpal organs are not very prominent nor complex. 
 Towards their fore extremity, or near the middle, there is a not very 
 long, slightly oblique, curved, sharp pointed, tapering spine, at 
 whose posterior extremity on the outer side is a small prominent 
 point. The sharp point of the spine is directed forwards and 
 outwards. 
 
371 
 
 Tho two central eyes of the anterior row are rather larger 
 than the laterals, and slightly further from each other than each 
 is from the lateral eyo nearest to it. 
 
 The abdomen is thinly clothed with long, bristly, prominont 
 hairs, in addition to the usual shorter puboscenee. The upper 
 side is yellow-brown, frequently tinged with reddish-brown 
 along the middle ; the normal marking on the fore part is of a 
 sub-diamond form and yellowish hue, pointed behind, margined 
 with black, and emits a short, oblique, black line on each side 
 from its broadost part. At a little distance from the 
 normal marking, on each side, is a diffused, blackisli, 
 longitudinal band, continued backwards by a strong zigzag 
 black line converging towards the spinners; the different 
 parts of the zigzag lines are formed by the terminations 
 of the usually obsoleto angular bars ; one of those parts, about 
 half way between the termination of the normal marking and 
 tho spinners, is much stronger than the rest, and forms a con- 
 spicuous dark blotch, very characteristic of the species. The 
 sides are yellow-brown, obscurely spotted with dark-brown, and 
 the under side is of a paler hue. The normal marking is fre- 
 quently clothed with greyish hairs. 
 
 The male is usually darker coloured than the female, and 
 looks almost uniformly black as it runs about. 
 
 This is a very abundant species. All kinds of rough and 
 waste places, especially those with faggot ricks, wood stacks, or 
 heaps of refuse near, and overgrown in parts with rank herbage, 
 are very favourite habitats for it ; it is also found in woods 
 and rough grass fields. In such situations it may be found, often 
 in great abundance, on warm bright spring mornings. It is one 
 of tho largest British species of the genus, and is usually adult 
 at tho end of May and in June ; but in some seasons it comes to 
 maturity as early as March and April. I have seldom failed to 
 find this spider in every part of Dorset in which I have looked 
 for it in situations similar to that above mentioned ; and it is dis- 
 tributed abundantly over the Unitod Kingdom. 
 
372 
 
 LYCOSA ANNULATA. 
 
 Lycosa annulata, Thor., Syn. Eur. Spid. 299. 
 
 Taiidosa iioutensis, Sim., Arachn. do France torn, iii., p. 343, 
 
 non. Lycosa iioktensis, Thor. 
 Lycosa annulata, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H. Oct., 1875, p. 
 256, pi. viii., fig 10. 
 
 Tho length of the male is a little more than 2 lines, and that 
 of the female from 2£ to 3 lines. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Lycosa amentata, Clerck. ; it is, 
 however, smaller, and not so dark coloured. In the goneral 
 character of its markings it is very similar to that species, but 
 the central yellowish band on the cephalo-thorax is much more 
 strongly indented, or constricted, at the occiput, and the lateral 
 ones are closer to the margins. The normal marking on the 
 fore half of the upper side of the abdomen is of a dull yellow- 
 brown colour, pointed behind, slonderly edged, or spotted on the 
 edges with blackish, and with a short, black, oblique Hne on 
 each side of its broadest part. The angular bars are reddish 
 yellow-brown, in general tolorably distinct, and divided into two 
 parts by a black line at the apex ; each part contains a small 
 black spot, and at their terminations on either side is a black 
 blotch. The sides are yellow-brown, obscurely marked with 
 darker brown, and the under side is of a paler hue. 
 
 In the annulation of the legs this spocies rosombles Lycosa 
 amentata, though the legs themselves are of a paler, yellower 
 colour. The sexes differ but littlo. 
 
 The male may bo distinguished at a glance from that of Lycosa 
 amentata by the colour of its palpi ; in these the humeral joint 
 is deep brown, the cubital yellow, slightly marked with brown 
 near its base, and clothed with whitish hairs at its fore extremity; 
 the radial joint is dark brown, and the digital joint still darker, 
 both being densely clothed with black hairs, forming a strong 
 contrast to the pale cubital joint. 
 The palpal organs differ remarkably from those of Lycosa 
 
373 
 
 amentata, in the absence of the curved spine near the middle ; 
 the spine being replaced by a small, prominent, oval, tubercular 
 procoss. 
 
 This spider is abundant in open places in woods, and on waste 
 forost-liko spots at Bloxworth, and in other localities in Dorset- 
 shire, and is adult in the months of April, May, and June. It 
 appears to frequent spots untenanted by Lycosa amentata. I have 
 at any rate never yet found it in thoso places whore that spider 
 is abundant ; nor have I found Lycosa amentata where Lycosa 
 annulata is common. I have received examples of this species 
 from tho Isle of Wight. 
 
 LYCOSA AREMCOLA. 
 
 Lycosa akenioola, Cantor., Ann. and Mag. N. H., October, 
 1875, p. 253, pi. viii., fig. 9. 
 
 The length of the male is 3 lines, and that of the female 3J. 
 
 This spidor may be easily distinguished from Lycosa amentata 
 by the narrow, central, longitudinal, yellow band or stripe on 
 the cophalo-thorax. This stripe bogins on, or at, the ocular 
 area as a fine line enlarging gradually to tho thoracic junction, 
 whence it tapers again to its extremity. The two marginal 
 bands are broken into, generally, throe portions, and are further 
 from the margins than in Lycosa amentata. These three bands 
 are yellowish, and the rest of the surface deep black-brown. 
 
 The legs are long, 4.1.2.3., of a dull yollowish colour, the tarsi 
 of the first pair, with usually the tips of tho fourth pair, and 
 sometimes also of all the rest, black. All the femora are more 
 or less clouded or suffusod with black, the upper sides being 
 frequently marked with two elongate-oval, clear, yollowish 
 patches, giving them a somewhat striped look. The spines, 
 especially those on the fourth pair, are long. 
 
 The palpi are black-brown ; the radial is stronger than the 
 cubital joint, and with the digital (which is large) is clothed 
 thickly with black hairs. 
 
 The palpal organs have a long, strong, oblique, slightly- 
 
374 
 
 curved process near their centre ; it tapers a very little to its 
 obtuse oxtromity , which, is diroctod outwards, and its surface is 
 rather roughenod and rugulose. The digital joint has a short, 
 curved, terminal spine. 
 
 The abdomon is dark brown, its hairy clothing varying from 
 grey to yellow-grey and black. The pattern is gonerally much 
 obscured, but, when traceable, the normal marking, on the fore- 
 half of the upper side, is blunt pointed at its posterior oxtromity, 
 and very obtusely angular on each side near the middle, making 
 it almost of an olongate oval form ; it is of a dull brownish- 
 yellow, indistinctly edged with black, and often clothed with 
 pale grey hairs. The angular bars on the hinder half are short, 
 strong, of a rusty yellow colour, and each has two small black 
 spots on it, one on each limb. These spots are most con- 
 spicuous in the fomale, and form a series of pairs, each pair 
 being placed in a transverse line. The sides of tho abdomen, in 
 the female, are mottled with numerous minute tufts of palo hairs ; 
 and the legs are of a darker more suffused colour than those of 
 the male, with now and then a very faint trace of annulation. 
 
 About thirty-five examples of this spider were obtained at the 
 beginning of June, 1875, and in June, 1879, near the railway 
 station at Portland, among pebbles, brickbats, and other debris 
 on the edge of the Chesil Beach. 
 
 Although very active when disturbed, and difficult to capture 
 among the loose pebbles, they did not appear to be running of 
 thoir own accord in the sunshine. 
 
 I have also met with this species on the coast of Brighton, and 
 have received both sexes from France where they were found, 
 and kindly sent to me, by Mrs. "W. Collings of Sark. 
 
 LYCOSA LUGUBRIS. 
 
 Lycosa ltjgubris, Walck., Blackiv., Spid. Great Brit, and L'el., p. 
 27, pi. ii., fig. 10. 
 The length of the male is from 2£ to 2| lines, and of the female 
 from 3 to 3£ lines. 
 
375 
 
 The male of this spider can hardly be mistaken, in the adult 
 state, for any other Lycosa indigenous to Britain. The broad 
 longitudinal, central band on the cephalo-thorax, being almost 
 of equal width throughout, and thickly clothed with white hairs 
 forming a striking contrast to the black hue of the rest of the 
 surface. The abdomen also is black, clothed with white hairs on 
 the fore part, and, indeed, often on the upper side generally. 
 The legs are long, not very strong, of a brownish colour, the 
 femora being suffused with black. 
 
 The palpi are long, and of a blackish-brown hue, the radial 
 joint thickly clothod with black hairs. Tho digital joint is of a 
 rathor narrow, olongato-oval form. Tho palpal organs have a 
 slightly curved, oblique taporing, pointed spine, directod forwards 
 from near their centre. 
 
 In the female, the thoracic band is of a pale brownish or 
 yellow-brown hue, without the white hairs which render the 
 male so conspicuous, and tapers more towards tho posterior 
 extremity; there are also two obscure, parallel, yellow-brown 
 lines near the lateral margins on each side. The abdomen is of 
 a yollowish-brown colour ; the normal marking on the foro half 
 of the upper side is of a paler hue, indistinctly edged with black, 
 with a prominent black point on each side near the middlo, and 
 truncated at its hinder extremity, which is narrower than the 
 central part. On each side of the fore extremity of the abdomen 
 is a largish black patch, and a tuft of pale hairs in tho middle 
 between the black patches. The angular bars are indistinct. 
 Their extromitios form on each side a longitudinal row of 
 blackish-brown blotches, the spaces between which are of a pale 
 huo, forming two converging lines of alternate black and pale 
 yellow-brown spots. The sides are mottled with blackish brown. 
 
 Tho legs also, in the female, differ from those of tho male in 
 being of a reddish-brown colour, annulated with dark brown. 
 
 This spider appears to be almost exclusively an inhabitant of 
 woods ; at least, I have never myself met with it in any other 
 situation than in, or close by, plantations, woods, and coppices ; 
 in such situations in the neighbourhood of Bloxworth it is 
 
376 
 
 exceedingly abundant, the dead leaves of the previous year being 
 quite alive with thorn on bright mornings in May and June ; 
 they then come out to bask in the sun, disappearing as if by 
 magic on the smallest obscuration of its rays. It is at this 
 period that they are in the adult state. The male is a striking 
 object, with his jet black, and white habiliments; and the more 
 soberly coloured females may be seen throughout the summer 
 with their egg cocoons attached to the spinnors. Long before this, 
 however, the males, with an occasional excoption, have dis- 
 appeared. I havo mot with this species in other parts of Dorset- 
 shire ; it occurs also in many part of England, as well as in 
 Scotland, and is abundant in North Wales. 
 
 LYCOSA PULLATA. 
 
 Aeanetjs pullattjs, Clerch., Sv. Spin.cU., p. 104, pi. 5, tab. 7. 
 Lycosa onsouEA, Blacho., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 28, pi. 
 ii., fig. 11. 
 
 The male measures from a little more than 2 to 2£ lines in 
 length, and the female from 2£ to 3 lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of the male is of a dark yellowish-brown 
 colour, the ocular region black -brown ; the central, longitudinal 
 band is narrow, sometimes very slightly dilated at the occiput, 
 and of an obscuro reddish-brown colour. The lateral bands (of 
 the same colour) are also narrow, not very well defined, and 
 near to, but not touching, the margins. 
 
 The legs are rather long, moderately strong, of a brownish- 
 yellow colour often tinged with red-brown ; the femora of the 
 first pair are strongly suffused with blackish, and those of the 
 other pairs are obscurely annulated with brown, the annuli 
 being scarcely discernible on the under sides. 
 
 The palpi are moderately long, and of a yellow-brown hue, 
 tho digital joint (which is of moderate size) being dark brown. 
 The palpal organs are not very complex but tolerably prominent ; 
 a strongish, tapering, sharp, pointed spine runs obliquoly from 
 
377 
 
 their centre to the outer side, which, however, its point scarcely 
 reaches, and another more slender one runs from the inner side 
 towards the outer, but less obliquely, and crosses the central 
 spine towards its fore extremity and beneath it. 
 
 The abdomen is rather broader behind than in front; its 
 general colour is dark blackish-brown, but when examined 
 narrowly, the upper side, along the middle, is of a reddish-brown 
 hue: the normal marking on the fore part is obtuse at its 
 posterior extremity, and defined by a black line on each side at 
 its broadest part ; at about two-thirds of its length backwards, is 
 a prominent point or short oblique lino, whence the marking tapers 
 a little to its end. The angular bars or linos are black, and their 
 extremities form together two converging zig-zag black lines with 
 pale hairs within tho angles ; in some examples, especially of tho 
 female, the angular bars may be better described as strong, and of 
 a reddish-brown colour edged with black. The sides are 
 obscurely marked with small linear blackish spots, and the under 
 side is brown. These parts are frequently clothed with yellowish 
 grey hairs. 
 
 The sexes differ but little excepting in depth of colouring, tho 
 male being usually the darkest. 
 
 This spider is abundant on heaths, waste grounds, and open 
 places in plantations, as well as in gardens at Bloxworth and its 
 neighbourhood, and is probably equally common throughout the 
 county. There will be no difficulty in distinguishing it from 
 either of those already described ; from Lycosa amentata and 
 Lycosa arenicola (for instance), by its much smaller size as well 
 as by the absence of the dense black hairy clothing of the radial 
 and digital joints of the palpi ; from Lycosa lugubris 
 it may be distinguished by the white clothing of 
 the male of that species, which is also larger; and 
 from Lycom annalata by tho totally differont form of the contral 
 thoracic band, and far less annulated logs. It will bo less easy 
 to distinguish it from the threo following species ; the colours, 
 however, and especially the annulation of the legs, and tho form 
 of the palpi and palpal organs afford good and distinctive 
 
878 
 
 characters, scarcely possible to be mistaken when once clearly 
 
 Lycosa pullata appears to be common throughout Groat Britain 
 and Ireland. 
 
 LYCOSA PEOXIMA. 
 
 Pardosa proxima, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn xv., p. 53, pi. 517., 
 figs. 1453, 1454. 
 
 Lyoosa troxiaia, C. L. Koch, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., 
 February, 1878, p. 125, pi. xi., fig. 6. 
 
 The length of tho nialo is about 2£ linos, and of the female 
 from 2-J to 3 lines. 
 
 This spicier is nearly allied to Lycosa pullata, Clerck, but may 
 be distinguished, not only in the malo, by the structure of the 
 palpal organs, and more distinctly annulated femora of the legs* 
 but, in both sexes, by tho distinct, yellow, central, thoracic stripe, 
 and broken marginal ones of tho same colour. In the female 
 the legs aro wholly annulated excepting the tarsi, while in tho 
 males thero are seldom any annuli excepting on the femora of 
 the three hindor pairs. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of the male is of a deep blackish-brown 
 hue. The contral stripe is narrow, yellow, tinged often with 
 reddish, and clothed with grey hairs, and of an attenuated 
 diamond shape, the fore extremity terminating in a fine line, 
 just short of the ocular area ; the hinder extremity being not 
 quite so fine. The lateral stripes are well removed from tho 
 margins ; they are interrupted or broken, similar in colour to 
 tho central one, but seldom so distinct. 
 
 The legs aro yellow-brown, frequently tinged with red-brown. 
 Tho femora of the first paii are markod and strongly suffused 
 with black, those of the other three pairs are pretty distinctly 
 annulated with the same colour ; the tibia) are occasionally faintly 
 annulated, the metatarsi moro rarely still. The femora of all 
 the legs aro occasionally moro or less black from an apparent 
 confluence of the dark annuli. The palpi are long ; tho humeral 
 
379 
 
 joints are blackish, the cubital and radial joints deep brown, 
 and the digital joint black ; this last is of a narrow oval form. 
 The palpal organs are not very complex ; near their centre on 
 the outer side is an obtuse, short, corneous process ; and a slender 
 slightly curved spine runs from the inner side across towards 
 the outer side, its fine point ending just in front of the obtuse 
 process. 
 
 The abdomen is rather broadest behind ; it is black, clothed 
 with numerous greyish hairs. The pattern is often almost 
 obsolete, especially the angular bars on the hindor half of the 
 upper side. When traceable the normal marking is of a red- 
 dish-brown colour, clothed thickly with yellowish-grey hairs, 
 and of a somewhat attenuated, diamond-shape, sharpish pointed 
 behind. The angular bars are, in some examples, reddish- 
 brown; in others they are obsolete, excepting their dilated 
 extremities; these form two longitudinal converging rows of 
 black spots, which alternating with pale ones formed by greyish 
 hairs, comprise all the visible markings on tho hinder half. 
 
 The sexes resemble each other, excepting that in tho female 
 the lateral thoracic stripes are brighter and more distinct, and 
 the legs more distinctly annulated. The annulations being 
 extended (though not as distinctly as on the femora and tibiee) 
 to the metatarsi. 
 
 This spider occurs, though not very abundantly, in the 
 kitchen garden at Bloxworth Eoctory, running in sunshine on 
 the bare ground in tho months of April and May ; at first 
 sight it looks vory like a small example of L. amentata, but 
 the male may be distinguished easily by the smaller digital 
 joints of the palpi, which, with the radials, are also far less 
 clothed with black hairs. I mot with it, howevor, in abundance 
 on the swampy fiats, near Littlesea at Studland, in June, 1877, 
 on spots whence tho winters floods had retired, and tho mud- 
 bed dried up. Here it found congenial moisture, as well as 
 shelter beneath tufts of herbage, and heaps of refuse, such as 
 weeds, sticks, and debris of various kinds. It is altogether a 
 darker spider than Lycosa pullata ; tho palpi also are longer, the 
 
380 
 
 digital joint narrower, and the strong oblique spine near the 
 centre of the palpal organs of that species is absent in the present 
 one, being replaced by the short obtuse process abovo mentioned. 
 
 LYCOSA RIPARIA. 
 
 Lycosa riparia, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn xv., p. 29, tab. 512, 
 figs. 1435-6, and Ccmlr. Ann. and Mag. 
 N.H., Oct. 1875, p. 257, pi. viii., fig. 11. 
 
 The length of the male is 2£ lines, and of the female 3 linos. 
 
 This spider, though nearly allied and very similar, may be 
 distinguished from the f orogoing (L. proximo) by sovoral constant 
 and easily observed characters. First, the whole spider is less 
 dark coloured, the central thoracic stripe, which is clothed with 
 whitish hairs, is less vivid and soldom reaches the ocular area. 
 The lateral thoracic stripes, though irregularly odged, are seldom 
 completely broken. The legs are longer and more distinctly 
 annulated, the tibise especially, the metatarsi only faintly so ; 
 none of the femora are at all suffused with black, the anuuli 
 being all distinct. The whole spider has in fact a more variegated 
 appearance from all the paler portions boing usually clothed 
 with grey or whitish hairs. 
 
 The palpi are longer than in L. proximo,, and pretty thickly 
 clothed with coarse black hairs ; the hairs on the digital joint 
 soften off into a greyish mouse-colour at its fore part which is 
 itself of a dull yellow-brown hue; the form of this joint is 
 elongate-oval, terminating with a strongish curved claw. The 
 palpal organs have a strong, slightly curved, oblique spine near 
 the centre. The point of this spine reaches quite to, and even 
 slightly beyond, the margin of tho digital joint ; just in front 
 of it is a much finer spine, which issues from near the inner 
 margin of the joint. 
 
 The abdomen is marked very like that of Lycosa proximo,, but 
 the pattern is gonorally more distinct and discernible. The 
 central longitudinal portion of the upper side is usually 
 rather reddish-brown. The normal marking on the fore half is 
 
381 
 
 usually of a brighter colour and edged with black ; it is clothed, 
 especially in front, with white hairs, and has a prominent point on 
 each side at its widest part, whence it tapers to its extremity which 
 is obtuse. The angular bars are black, generally distinct, often 
 particularly so, and their terminations are dilated and continued 
 in short lines on the sides ; the intervals between thoir termina- 
 tions form pale spots. The sides are marked with linear spots 
 and markings, and clothed with greyish and othor hairs ; the 
 grey ones often forming oblique lines. The underside is reddish- 
 brown, marked with an obscure blackish central, and sometimes 
 a lateral, stripe of the same hue on each side. 
 
 The f omale is lightor coloured, being of a dark brown hue, but 
 in other respects resembles the male. 
 
 This spidor occurs, not unfrequontly, in the kitchen garden at 
 Bloxworth Eectory, as well as in woods and on waste grounds 
 towards the end of April and in May ; running in sunshine 
 among the rough knobs of earth where the soil has not been 
 very lately disturbed, or among the herbage. Directly tho sun is 
 obscured, or if danger threaten, these spiders quickly find a 
 refuge among the clods, whence it is no very easy matter, some- 
 times, to dislodge them. It is probable that this spider is 
 genorally distributed, though very likely to be overlooked owing 
 to its similarity at first sight to several other species. Excepting 
 however in the locality above mentioned, and at Glauvillos 
 Wootton, the only other as yet recorded one in England is on the 
 Brighton coast, where I met with it in June, 1871. 
 
 LYCOSA PKATIVAGA. 
 
 Lyoosa prativaga, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn. Fauna Galiziens, p. 
 
 43 ; and Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.H., 
 
 October, 1875, p. 258, pi. viii., fig. 12. 
 
 The male measures 2 J lines in length, and the female 2 J lines. 
 
 This spidor is exceedingly closely allied to Lycosa riparia, the 
 
 logs being very similarly though not quite so vividly, annulated. 
 
 Tho thoracic stripos are also less distinct, more nearly rosem- 
 
382 
 
 bling in this respect Lycosa pullata, from which however the 
 distinctly annulated fomora at once distinguish it. The digital 
 joints of tho palpi appear to be rathor shorter than thoso of L. 
 riparia, and instead of a terminal, sharp-pointed, curved, spine, 
 thoy have a shorter somewhat tuberculiform one. The oblique 
 spine connocted with tho palpal organs is straighter, broader at 
 its baso, and has a flattish appearance ; the finer spine in front 
 of it is also slonderer. 
 
 Tho abdomen is very similar, both in colours and pattern, to 
 that of Lycosa riparia. The normal marking on the fore part is 
 perhaps of a brighter yellowish red-brown hue, and the hinder 
 extremity of this marking, though not sharp, is yet less obtuse. 
 Tho angular bars are indistinct, and in somo instances obsolete > 
 their dilated terminations on each sido, however, aro distinct, as 
 well as the pale intervals between thorn. The female resemblos 
 the male, excopt in not being quite so dark coloured. 
 
 Several oxamplos of this spidor have been found at Blox- 
 worth, and in more than one other locality in Dorsetshire ; 
 though being at the time of capture mistaken for anothor com- 
 moner species (Lycosa amentata) the exact localities were not 
 noted. From Lycosa amentata there will be no difficulty in dis- 
 tinguishing the malos of this and tho foregoing species (Lycosa 
 riparia J by the far narrower digital joints of the palpi. 
 
 LYCOSA NIGKICEPS. 
 
 Lycosa saccigera, Thorell., Eec. Crit. Aran. p. 55. 
 
 „ nigriceps, Lbid., I.e. p. 56. 
 
 „ congener, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 393, pi. 
 liv., fig. 1. 
 
 The male moasures rather less than 3 lines in length ; the 
 female about 3J lines, or rather more. 
 
 There will be no difficulty in distinguishing this species from 
 the four that have procodedit; the legs being devoid of annu- 
 lation ; tho greater breadth and lighter hue of the thoracic bands, 
 
383 
 
 contrasted with tho black ocular area, will also serve to separate 
 them at a glance. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is dark brown, sparingly clothed with 
 whitish hairs, and some prominent black bristles on the caput, 
 tho upper part of which, comprising tho ocular area, is black. 
 The central and lateral thoracic bands are broad, of a brownish- 
 yellow hue and irregularly edged. The central band is strongly 
 constrictod (in somo instances almost divided), at the occiput, 
 and the lateral ones run very near to the margins, and are 
 continuod round tho clypeus. The breadth of these bands 
 usually equals the breadth of the brown parts between them. 
 
 The legs are long ; they are of a yellowish colour, tinged with 
 red-brown, and of ton with greenish olive; the femora of the 
 male are strongly suffused with blackish, thoso of the fomale 
 being slightly marked and obscurely blotched with brown on 
 their upper sides. 
 
 The palpi (of the male) are tolerably long, of a brownish- 
 yellow colour, sometimes much darkor ; tho radial and 
 digital joints are black-brown, and densely clothed with long 
 coarse, black hairs. The digital joint is large. Tho palpal 
 organs are rather complex, and a strongish, sharp-pointed, 
 oblique, tapering spine issues from near their base on tho inner 
 side, and its slightly curved point terminates near their fore 
 extremity on the outer side. 
 
 The abdomen is reddish and yellow-brown, furnished with 
 whitish-yellowish and dark hairs. The pattern is obscure 
 in adult examples. Tho normal marking on tho fore-half of 
 the upper side is yellow-brown, pointod at its hinder extremity, 
 and has an angular prominence on each side at its broadest part. 
 Tho angular bars are dark-brown, generally obscure, but the 
 intervening yellow-brown spaces ofton themselves form strong 
 angular bars. The extremities of the dark bars form a zigzag 
 or dentated line, from the outer angles of which obscure oblique 
 lines of blackish spots traverse the sides ; the intervals of the 
 denticulations are of a paler hue. The sides and undcrpart of 
 
384 
 
 the abdomen, in the male, are pretty thickly clothed with whitish 
 hairs. 
 
 The female is paler coloured, and of a yellower hue than tho 
 male, and the markings are much more distinct, though in their 
 general character resembling those of the male. Immature 
 examples have the dark pattern very distinctly marked on a 
 yellowish ground. 
 
 This spider is abundant on Bloxworth Heath and in othor 
 parts of Dorsetshire, and is found (but more sparingly) in many 
 other situations, such as open places in woods, on commons and 
 wastes, &c. The egg cocoon of tho female is of a dark greonish 
 olive hue. Its activity is very great, and it is adult in May, 
 June, and July. I have received it from many parts of England, 
 and also from Scotland. 
 
 LYCOSA HERBIGRADA. 
 
 Lyoosa herbigrada, Blackw., Spid. Groat Brit and Irel., p. 22, 
 pi. 1, fig. 6, and pi. xii., fig. 6, a.b. 
 
 The length of tho male is 2J to 2$ lines, and of the female 3 
 to 3 J lines. 
 
 Tho central, and marginal bands of the cophalo-thorax are 
 broad, and of a pale, slightly reddish, yollow-brown colour, 
 densely clothed with groyish white pubescence ; the ocular area 
 is black, and the intervals betwoen tho central and marginal 
 bands are deep, black-brown, and form two conspicuous, well 
 defined, though irregularly edged, and often interrupted longi- 
 tudinal bands. The central band is very strongly constricted 
 at the occiput, and tapers at its hinder part. 
 
 Tho logs are long and tolerably strong, thoso of tho fourth 
 pair being the longest ; they are of the same colour as the 
 paler portion of the cephalo -thorax, clothed with grey-white 
 pubescence, and marked with blackish streaks, spots, and 
 annuli. There is considerable variation in the extent and 
 distinctness of these markings on tho logs, in different individuals. 
 
385 
 
 The palpi are moderately long, of the same colour as the legs, 
 tlie digital joint being deep black brown, of large size, 
 clothed with black hairs, and terminating with a curved claw, the 
 hairs on the forepart being grey ; tho radial, which is stronger 
 than tho cubital joint, is brown, tho latter clothed with white 
 hairs, mixed with a fow black ones. The palpal organs aro 
 prominent and rather complex, very similar to those of the next 
 specios, Lycosa palustris. Tho obtuso process at their centre, 
 slightly exceods in length, doublo its breadth, and the spur 
 behind its base is stronger and sharper [pointed than that of 
 Lycosa palustris. 
 
 The abdomen is oviform ; its sides and all tho paler parts of 
 the uppor side aro densely clothed with grey- white pubescence ; 
 tho normal marking on the fore part is large, of a brownish- 
 yollow colour, edged by a broken but strongish black line, and 
 generally obtuse at its posterior extremity, but not truncated ; 
 a broad spaco round it, and a broad tapering band behind it, 
 edged on each side with a strong and somowhat zigzag black 
 stripe, is of a darker yellow-brown hue, sometimes tinged with 
 rod-brown. The angular bars are rarely visible, tho different 
 parts of the zigzag stripe represent their terminations, and from 
 sovoral of tho outor angles of this stripe obliquo rows of black 
 spots and markings traverse the sides. The under-part is of a 
 palo brownish colour, thinly clothed with white pubescence. 
 
 There is, howover, considerable variation in the extent of the black 
 markings on tho abdomen. Li many cases they consist of merely 
 strong, though broken, spots and edgings ; but the general 
 character of the pattern, as above described, is always preserved. 
 A rare variety deserves notice, on account of its near approach in 
 pattern to Lycosa palustris ; in this variety tho central pale thoracic 
 band is very narrow, attenuated to a rather fine lino at its fore 
 extremity, and with no dilation at the occiput ; the lateral bands 
 aro of the same hue, narrow, well and regularly defined on tho 
 edges, leaving a very broad regular band on each side, of a deep 
 black-brown colour ; and there is on each side a narrow, black- 
 brown, marginal band, stripe, or line. Tho abdomon is of a darker 
 
colour than usual, and tho oblique rows of spots on the sides are 
 more numerous and more regularly carried out. In a female of 
 this variety the legs were totally devoid of any dark markings. 
 In a male of the same varietj' the under side of the abdomen 
 had a central, longitudinal, blackish stripe, and a less distinct, 
 spotty-looking, marginal one on each side, the ground colour 
 being reddish yellow-brown. Tho logs in this last examplo had 
 merely a few faint dark markings on the upper sides of the 
 femora. Another very similar male, however, had the legs 
 marked according to the normal type. 
 
 The sexes of this very pretty and distinct species resomble 
 each other excepting in sizo. It is abundant in numerous parts 
 of Bloxworth Heath and other similar localities in the neighbour- 
 hood, being adult at the end of May and in June. It cannot be 
 mistaken for any other Lycosa, the contrast between its general 
 ashy- white colour (caused by its hairy pubescence) and black and 
 dark -brown markings, being very striking. Though abundant, it is 
 rather local, and where one is found there are usually many 
 others not far off. Like others of this group it is exceedingly 
 active in sunshine, though influenced also in a moment by the 
 withdrawal of the sun's rays. Tho original examples of this 
 species were found by myself on Bloxworth Heath, though 
 Mr. Blackwall inadvertently gives Portland as a locality* 
 Hitherto it has only occurred in England. 
 
 About the middle of Juno, 1877, I met with several females 
 in the act of forming their egg cocoons ; these consisted, each, 
 of a hollow disk of puro white silk, some being further advanced 
 towards completion than others. It is probable that the female 
 deposits her eggs in the cocoon as soon as it has attained a 
 hemispherical form, and then spins an opposite silken hemis- 
 phere over them, finally attaching the cocoon to her spinners, 
 and in this way bearing it about with her until the young 
 spiders aro hatched. When completed the cocoon assumes a 
 greenish olive tint. 
 
 ♦Since the above was written I have received Lycosa herbigrada from 
 Scotland. 
 
387 
 
 LYCOSA PALUSTRIS. 
 
 Abanea paltjstris, Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, I., p. 623. 
 Lycosa exiqua, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Ireland, p. 29, 
 
 pi. ii., fig. 12 (in part). 
 Lycosa tabsaxis, Thor., Syn. Europ. Spid., p. 288. 
 
 The length of the male is 2J to 3 lines, and that of the female 
 from 2J to 1\ lines. 
 
 The copkalo-thorax is dark-brown, with the three ordinary 
 longitudinal bands (which are well dofined, but narrow), of a 
 yollow colour, clothed with grey hairs ; the lateral bands have a 
 distinct narrow brown stripe between each of thorn and the 
 margin, which is itself very narrow and of a yellow hue ; the 
 central band is drawn out anteriorly into a rather fine line, 
 which cuts a littlo into the deep blackish ocular area. 
 
 The legs are long, not very strong, of a dull yellow colour ; the 
 upper sides of the femora marked with longitudinal black 
 streaks and markings. 
 
 The palpi are similar in colour to the legs, excepting the 
 digital joint, which is doop brown ; this joint is large, and of a 
 very broad-oval form, pointed at its fore extremity, which ends 
 with a small curved claw ; the palpal organs aro prominent and 
 rather complex ; near their centre is a strong obtuse process, not 
 more than double the length of its breadth, and with a large 
 blunt pointed spur, or conical process, behind at its base. 
 
 The abdoinen is oval, more or less clothed with grey or yellow- 
 groy hairs, obscuring the real colours and markings, which (like 
 thoso of all the Lyeosides) are best seen when in spirit of wine. 
 The colour is brownish-yellow (frequently tinged with rod-brown) 
 along the middle of the upper side. The normal marking at the 
 fore part is edged with black, and obtuso at its hinder 
 extremity.- The angular dark bars or linos which succood tho 
 normal marking are genorally obscure, and often obsolete, 
 excepting the extremities, which form short stripes, alternating, 
 as in many other species, with palo spots ; in some well-coloured 
 and distinctly-marked examples the intervals between the 
 
388 
 
 angular bars form a series of reddish-brown triangles, or a 
 broad dentated band. The sides are dark brown, marked and 
 spotted with blackish, some of the spots frequently forming obliquo 
 lines, and thoro are often some pale spots on each side, next 
 to the spinners. The under part is of a blackish hue, with two 
 obscure, longitudinal, submarginal, reddish-brown stripes, which 
 convergo towards tho spinners. 
 
 The female is usually more distinctly marked than the male, 
 and the thoracic stripes are broader; the submarginal brown one 
 being often very narrow and much broken. The genital process 
 is large, of a reddish colour, and as broad at its posterior 
 extremity as it is long. 
 
 This spider occurs, but (as far as my experience goes) not 
 plentifully, in various parts of Dorsetshire, on wasto lands, and in 
 meadows, in the months of May, June, and July. I also meet 
 with it, occasionally, running on the bare ground, or in the 
 strawberry and raspberry beds, in the Rectory garden at Blox- 
 worth. It is alliodto Lycosa herbigrada, Black w., but the larger size 
 and hoary white and black markings of the latter will entirely 
 proventany confusion of the two. From Lycosa pullata the clearly 
 defined thoracic stripes, and large digital joints of the palpi, 
 separato it oasily ; while from Lycosa riparia and Lycosa pratkaga 
 it may be known at once by the absence of dark annuli on tho 
 legs. I have received Lycosa palustris from various parts of 
 England, and havo met with it myself in tolerable abundance at 
 Soutbport, in Lancashire ; it appears also to be generally distri- 
 buted in Scotland. 
 
 LYCOSA MONTICOLA. 
 
 Pardosa monticola, C. L. Koch., Die. Arachn. xv., p. 42, pi. 515, 
 
 fig. 1446-48. 
 Lycosa exioua, Blachw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 29, pi. ii., 
 
 fig. 12 (in part). 
 In size, form, colours, and markings this spider so closely 
 resembles Lycosa palustris, that all attempts by various 
 
389 
 
 araneologists, to distinguish them satisfactorily by these characters 
 alone, have totally failed. The only tolerably constant difference 
 in colours and markings that I have boon able myself to observe 
 is the greater distinctness of tho pale spots betwoen the termina- 
 tions of the angular bars on tho postorior half of the abdomen ; 
 these increase in size and distinctness near the spinners, often 
 becoming confluent in the femalo, and thus so much the more 
 conspicuous. The male also shows tho same character, though 
 in a less degree. The adults, howovor, may be separated without 
 difficulty. The male, by the distinctly, smaller, and narrower 
 digital joints of tho palpi ; and by the central obtuse process of 
 the palpal organs being less robust and considerably longer 
 than that of Lycosa palustris. The femalo may bo distinguished 
 by the smaller area of the genital aperture, which is less 
 quadrate, being considerably longer than broad. 
 
 This spider occurs in the same localities as those mentioned 
 for Lycosa palustris, and in about similar number. In the month 
 of June, 1877, however, I met with the present spider (Lycosa 
 monticola) in groat abundance on Muston Down (between 
 Blox worth and Blandford), and, aftor a whole day's collecting over 
 a large area of that district, not a single example of Lycosa 
 palustris was found. Probably tho hoadquarters of those two 
 spiders are in distinct situations, stragglers from each intermixing 
 in the intervening localities. I have, however, not yet found any 
 such headquartors for Lycosa palustris. 
 
 There is no doubt but that both species are included under tho 
 Lycosa exigua of Blackwall, as both wero, some years ago, sent 
 to me from North Wales, by Mr. Blackwall, under that name. 
 
 Lycosa monticola occurs pretty generally throughout England, 
 as well as in Scotland. 
 
FAMILY SALTICIDES. 
 
 HIS family includes those spiders popularly known as 
 " jumping spidors." They spin no snare, but, hunt- 
 ing about for their prey, leap suddenly upon it, with 
 unerring aim, and often from a (comparatively) considerable 
 distance. 
 
 They may bo easily known by their more or less quadrate, and 
 frequently massive, cephalo-thorax, which is usually longer than 
 broad ; and on the fore-half of which the eyes, which are of vory 
 unequal size, and of various colours, are placed in a largo quad- 
 rangle The four anterior oyos form the front of the quadrangle 
 and are usually of very large size, the two next are very minute, 
 and form an intermediate transverse row ; the two posterior ones 
 are of medium sizo, and form the hinder side of tho quadrangle. 
 The legs are usually of moderate length, though varying 
 considerably in their relative length in different genera and 
 species, but always terminating with two claws, beneath which 
 there is frequently a compact claw-tuft, or short scopula. 
 
 The maxillae are straight, enlarged at the base, and rounded 
 at the extremity ; the labium is of an oval form, obtuse at the 
 apex. 
 
 This is probably the largest (in respect to tho number of species) 
 of all tho various spider-families. Nearly, if not quite, eleven 
 hundred species have been described from all parts of the world. 
 The number of Europoan species is vory large also ; those of 
 Franco (which, probably, includo most of those indigenous to 
 Europe — excepting, perhaps, its extreme eastern parts) amount 
 to nearly one hundred and fifty. The number as yet recorded 
 in Great Britain is thirty-one, distributed among thirteen genora; 
 
391 
 
 sixteen species only, divided among nino genera, have been, up 
 to the present tinao, found iu Dorsetshire. 
 
 GENUS EPIBLEMUM, Hent%. CALLIETHEEA, C. L. 
 Koch., and SALTICUS, Blackw., in part. 
 
 In this genus the cophalo-thorax is elongate, rather flat on the 
 upper surfaco, and the caput is but slightly narrower than the 
 thorax. The two posterior eyes are a little smaller than the 
 laterals of the anterior row, and form a line of tho same length. 
 The legs of the first and fourth pairs are the longest, and of very 
 nearly equal length, as also are those of the socond and third 
 paiis; and (excepting a circle of spines at the extremity of the 
 metatarsi of the third and fourth pairs) all are devoid of spines. 
 The falces of the male are, in the adult state, greatly, though 
 not always equally, developed, being long, cylindrical, project- 
 ing, divergent, and armed with a fang of corresponding 
 dimensions. 
 
 The pattern of the abdomen usually assumos the form of 
 oblique, transverse, pale stripes, on each side of the central line 
 of the upper side on a dark ground. 
 
 The species of this genus are not numerous in Great Britain, 
 where three only (all found in Dorsetshire) have been as yet 
 detected out of eleven recorded as European. They are usually 
 found on old walls, trunks of troos, palings, and gate posts, on 
 which they hunt for flies and other insects whose habit is to sit 
 and enjoy tho bright sun's rays. Thoy may bo soon elevating 
 the caput so as to command a greater extent of view with their 
 large and brilliant anterior eyes, and woe to the unlucky fly 
 perchod within leaping distanco. Tho possible length of their 
 leap is considerable, and its aim generally unerring. 
 
 In leaping upon their prey from a perpendicular surfaco, these 
 spiders would inevitably fall to the ground wore it not for tho 
 support (inontioned in the Introduction, p. xxiv.) of silkon lines 
 secured by tho spinners to the surface at the moment of spring- 
 ing, and drawn out by the force of the leap.. These lines act as 
 a guide-rope to bring the spidor back to the surfaco at the extent 
 
in 
 
 of its leap ; but I have never seen it return (as somo obsorvors 
 have stated to me that it can) to tho point whence its loap begun, 
 in the event of missing its aim; indeed, I do not soe how it 
 possibly could do so, even allowing for the utmost olasticity in 
 the omitted lines. 
 
 EPIBLEMUM SCENICUM. 
 
 Auaneus soenicus, Clerch., Sv. Spindl., p. 117, pi. v., tab. 3. 
 Saltious scenicus, Blachwall, Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 47, 
 
 pi. iii., fig. 24 (in part). 
 Calliethera histrionica, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn. Bd. xiii., 
 p. 42, tab. 439, figs. 1110, 1111, and 
 Camlridge, Zoologist, 1863, p. 8597. 
 The length of the male is rather less than 3 lines, and the 
 femalo is a little larger. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of tho male is of a deep, blackish-brown 
 colour on the thoracic region, and the caput black ; tho lateral 
 margins havo a broadish border of coarse white hairs, and 
 behind each of the two posterior eyes is an elongate, obliquo 
 spot of similar hairs ; numerous others also form a moro or 
 less regular band just bohind tho front row of eyes. 
 
 The legs are yollow-brown, clouded and indistinctly anmilatcd 
 with deep blackish-brown, and clothed with hairs of variod 
 length, strength, and hue. 
 
 The length of the long, divergent and projecting falces some- 
 times exceeds that of the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 The palpi are long, of a yellow-brown hue, clothed with 
 (among others) white, scale-like hairs. The radial joint is 
 shorter than tho cubital, and has its fore extremity, on the outer 
 side, produced into a strong, curved, tolerably sharp-pointed 
 apophysis ; the point directed inwards. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, of a black hue, more or less thinly 
 clothed with white hairs. A transverse, crescent-shaped band 
 at tho fore extremity of the upper part, and two oblique bands 
 
393 
 
 on each side are of a palo hue and densely clothed with white 
 squamose (or scale-lite) hairs. 
 
 The female is usually paler coloured, and less distinctly 
 marked than the malo, and her falces are not developed like 
 those of that sex, being short and vertical. 
 
 This is the spider usually alluded to in popular language by 
 the term of " jumping spider ; " it is abundant and generally 
 dispersed throughout Great Britain, being found on walls, in 
 the cracks and crevices of which it dwells. It comos out to 
 seok its prey in bright sunshine, in whoso rays its hairy clothing 
 often reflects metallic tints. 
 
 EPIBLEMUM CINGULATUM. 
 
 Aranea oingulata, Panzer, Faun. Ins. Germ., p. 40, 22. 
 Salticus scenicus, Blackw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Irel. (in part). 
 Calliethera scenica, C. L. Koch., Dio Arachn., p. 37, tab. 439, 
 
 fig. 1106, 1107. 
 Salticus scenicus, C. L. Koch., Cambr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8597. 
 
 This spidor, both in size, form, colours, and genoral appear- 
 ance very closely resomblos tho procoding, to which it is nearly 
 allied. It may, however, bo distinguished without difficulty, in 
 both sexes, by the abdominal pattern ; in the present spider tho 
 latoral white bands on tho abdomen are broader, and along the 
 middle of tho upper part is a more or less distinctly marked 
 serios of angular whito bars, which givo it a more striped appear- 
 ance than that of Ejnblcmum scenicum, Clerck. The malo is easily 
 distinguished by tho form of the apophysis at tho outer ex- 
 tremity of the radial joints of the palpi ; this, instead of boing 
 rather sharp-pointed and curved, is nearly straight, and obtuse 
 at its extremity. The two species wore evidently confused 
 together by Mr. Blackwall, among whose typical examples of 
 his iSalticus scenicus I have detected both of them. 
 
 This spider is far less abundant than Epiblcmum scenicum, and 
 is usually (in my own experience almost invariably) found on old 
 posts and palings, whereas Epiblcmum scenicum is seldom found, 
 
394 
 
 excepting on walls. It appears to be generally distributed 
 throughout England. Wales, and Scotland. 
 
 EPIBLEMUM AEFINITATUM. 
 
 Saltictjs affinitatus, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 399. 
 
 The length of the male is l-8th of an inch. 
 
 This spider is very nearly allied to both the foregoing, but 
 perhaps most nearly to Epiblemum seenicum, Clerck. It is, how- 
 ever, much smaller, though this may not bo a constant difference, 
 inasmuch as adults of both the preceding species differ consider- 
 ably in size, at times. 
 
 The apophysis at the outer extremity of the radial joint of 
 tho malo palpus is not so long as that of Epiblemum cingulatum, 
 but is rather more curved and less obtusely pointed ; while it is 
 less curved and much less sharply pointed than that of Epiblemwn 
 seenicum. 
 
 A single example only has yet been met with. It was found 
 among heather at Bloxworth in the summer of 1860. This 
 example has been compared with various specimens of tho genus 
 from Sweden and France ; but although M. Simon, who has 
 examined the type specimen, believes it to be identical with the 
 Calliethera mutabilis, Lucas (an Algerian spider), found also in 
 Prance and Corsica, I am not yet convinced of the identity of 
 the two species. 
 
 GENUS HELIOPHANUS, C. L. Koeh. SALTICUS, Blackw., 
 in part. 
 
 In this genus the cephalo-thorax is less elongate, as well as 
 less flattened, and the thoracic region is also broader than that 
 of Epiblemum. Tho ocular area is broader than long, and there 
 is rather more difference in the length of the legs, which are 
 relatively 4.1.2.3, thoso of the third pair being, however, some- 
 times longor than those of the second. 
 
 The spiders of this group are of very similar general 
 appearance. All are, more or less, black or deep bottle-green, 
 
395 
 
 and shining with metallic brilliancy, but not thickly clothed 
 with hairs. The males may bo distinguished at once by a strong 
 spur-like apophysis springing from the humeral joint of the 
 palpus ; this apophysis is differently formed in different species, 
 and furnishes an unfailing criterion for the distinction of the 
 species. Their habitat is usually under stones and other such 
 shelter, but the males are found in bright sunshine actively 
 traversing low plants and bushos in soarch of their prey. About 
 twenty species are at present known in Europe, but three only 
 are found in Groat Britain, and all three have been met with in 
 Dorsetshire. 
 
 HELIOPHANUS CUPREUS. 
 
 Salticus cupeeus, Walclc, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irol., 
 p. 57, pi. iii., fig. 31 (in part). 
 
 The length of tho male is about two lines, and the female is 
 rather larger. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax of the male is very deep 
 black -brown, but quite black and tinged with greenish on the 
 caput; the margins, as well as an indistinct transverse line 
 behind the eyes, being clothed with white hairs. The legs are 
 brownish-yellow, or yellow, longitudinally striped (excepting 
 the metatarsi) with black ; the pale portions in front being 
 clothed with white squamose hairs. The maxillse have a strong 
 bifid protuberance noar tho oxtromity on the outer side, a 
 peculiarity not observable in the female. 
 
 The palpi aro blackish-brown with a stripe of white squamose 
 hairs in front ; the humeral apophysis is strong, perpendicular, 
 very broad at the base, but tapering quickly to a rather sharpish 
 curved point, which has a somewhat hooked appearanco from 
 some points of view. The radial joint is much smaller than the 
 cubital, with a slender, taporing, curved apophysis at its outer 
 extremity, and another more curved undornoath. Tho digital 
 joint is rather long, and of a narrow oval, or oblong, form ; the 
 palpal organs consist of a large, prominent bulb, tho innor sido 
 
396 
 
 of the base of which is of a globular form, much projecting 
 inwards and backwards ; and at its fore extremity on the outer 
 side is a strong curved, tapering, sharp-pointed spine, whose 
 point is concealed beneath the fore extremity of tho digital 
 joint. 
 
 The falces are moderate in length and strength, straight, 
 vertical, and considerably overhung by the fore extremity of the 
 cephalo-thorax. 
 
 Tho abdomen is shining greenish-black, clothed with slightly 
 goldon greenish-yellow hairs. Tho fore part of the upper side 
 has a marginal curved line formod by white hairs, continued on 
 each sido backwards for somo distance ; four similar spots form 
 a largo quadrate figure near the middle, with sometimes 
 anothor spot on each sido near the base of the spinners. 
 
 Those spots and markings are very liable to obliteration in the 
 male by tho white hairs being rubbed off. The female is lighter 
 coloured than the male, and her palpi are yellow. 
 
 This is an abundant spider in some parts of Dorsetshire, 
 especially in tho Island of Portland, in the months of Juno and 
 July, whoro it may be found actively jumping about on low 
 plants and herbage in bright sunny weather. It appears to be 
 widoly distributed in Great Britain. 
 
 The figures in Mr. Blackwall's work are certainly of this 
 species, as also is the description of tho female ; but the descrip- 
 tion of the male is undoubtedly of another species, most prob- 
 ably of Heliophanus flavipes, Koch. 
 
 HELIOPHANUS EXPERS. 
 
 Salticus expers, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 401, pi. 
 liv., No. 5. 
 
 Heliophanus expers, Sim., Monogr. des Attidos d'Europe, 
 p. 232. 
 
 This spider is rathor larger than Heliophanus cupreus, the male 
 measuring 2J lines in length. 
 
397 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is black, sparingly clothed with short 
 greenish-yellow hairs, and behind each of the two posterior eyes 
 is a spot of white hairs. 
 
 The legs are dark black-brown, the tarsi pale whitish -yellow ; 
 the metatarsi also of the first and second pairs are light coloured. 
 Their relative length is 1.4.2.3, and they are furnished with 
 hairs, with a few fine spines on the metatarsi of the third and 
 fourth pairs. 
 
 The palpi are similar in colour to the legs, with white 
 squamose hairs on the upper side. The apophysis beneath the 
 humeral joint is long, strong, nearly vertical, and curved inwards 
 towards its extremity, which is bifid. The outer or hindor 
 limb of the bifid portion is rather the longest, nearly straight 
 and the inner one the stoutest and recurved. The radial joint 
 has a small, sharp, curved, spiny process on its outer side, and 
 is slightly produced on its under side. The digital joint is long 
 and narrow ; the palpal organs are simple, and project in an 
 irregular form backwards beneath the radial j oint, with a straight 
 prominent, pointed process directed backwards on the inner side 
 of their base. 
 
 The abdomen is black, sparingly clothed with short, greenish 
 goldon-yellow hairs. The fore extremity of the upper side is 
 margined with a band of white squamose hairs ; and on either 
 side of the central line of the fore half is a broken, rather 
 ragged, longitudinal band of similar hairs, each followed by a 
 short one near the spinners ; and at the hinder extremity of the 
 under side, near the spinners, are two similar white spots in a 
 transverse line. 
 
 A single examplo of this very distinct species, found some 
 years ago at Bloxworth, still remains unique as British. An 
 example is recorded from Paris by M. Simon. It may oasily be 
 distinguished from Heliophanus cupreus by its unstriped legs, and 
 the bifid termination of the apophysis on the humeral joint of 
 the palpus. 
 
398 
 
 nELIOPIIANUS FLAVIPES. 
 
 Heliophanus flavipes, C. L. Koch., Dio Arachn, Bd. xiv., p. 64., 
 Tab. 477, figs. 1320 and 1321. 
 
 Salticus flavipes, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc, xxvii., p. 403. 
 
 The length, of the male is from rathor more than 1£ to a little 
 over 2 lines, and the female is a little larger than the male. 
 
 This is a rather smaller and stouter built spider than Ueliophanus 
 expers, and may be distinguished at once by the absonce of white 
 spots or other markings on the abdomen, which is dull black, 
 clothed pretty thickly with dull greenish golden hairs. The 
 humeral apophysis of the male palpus is bifid at its extremity ; 
 the anterior limb of the bifid portion is the longest, the hinder 
 one rather divergent. The palpi are black-brown with whito 
 hairs in front. The cephalo-thorax is black, clothed with 
 greenish-yellow hairs. 
 
 The legs of the male are yellow-brown ; the femora more or 
 less distinctly striped with longitudinal black stripes and mark- 
 ings, sometimes entirely suffused with black, and occasionally the 
 tibiae are similarly striped or suffused. 
 
 The female resembles the male, excepting that the legs and 
 palpi are yellow and unicolorous. 
 
 Although nearly allied to H. cupreus this spider may be readily 
 distinguished from that species by the unicolorous legs of the 
 female, and the bifid termination of the humeral apophysis of 
 the male palpus, as well as by its plainer and yellower appear- 
 ance. It is found occasionally among low plants and herbage in 
 woods, and on heaths and waste grounds at Bloxworth in the 
 months of June and July, but it cannot be said to be a common 
 spider. I have also met with it near Brighton, and Mr. Black- 
 wall has found it in Wales. It has likewise been sent to me 
 from several other parts of England. 
 
399 
 GENUS BALLUS, C. L. Koch. SALTICUS, Bhoko., in part. 
 
 The genus Ballus may be distinguished by its broad, flattened 
 form. The cephalo-thorax and abdomen fit closely one up to the 
 other ; the latter being broad and truncated at its fore extremity. 
 The caput and thorax are of equal size, the ocular area large, 
 occupying tho whole upper surface of the former. The integu- 
 ment of the abdomen, (particularly of the male) is of a somewhat 
 coriaceous nature. The legs are short ; their relative length 
 4.1.2.3., and those of the first pair in the male much the 
 strongest, especially the femoral and tibial joints. Spines are 
 found only on the first and second pairs. 
 
 The spiders of this group are ofton pretty active, though they 
 leap but little. Five species only are found in Europe, of these 
 one only is known, as yet, to be indigonous to Britain, and that 
 one is tolerably abundant in Dorsetshire. 
 
 BALLUS DEPRESSUS. 
 
 Saltious depbesstjs, Walch., Ins. Apt. I, p. 469. 
 
 „ obscurus, Elackw., Spid. Groat Brit, and Irel., p. 53, 
 pi. iii., fig. 28. 
 
 The male measures l-8th of an inch in length, and the female 
 is rather larger. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is short, broad, and flattened. The lateral 
 edges of the upper surface of the caput are rather sharp, and 
 the sides perpendicular. The colour is a dark, blackish, choco- 
 late red-brown, pretty thickly clothed with short greyish-white 
 hairs. The ocular area is broader than long, and its anterior 
 side is narrower than tho posterior. 
 
 The legs are short, those of the first pair are of inordinate 
 strength, chiefly, however, in the femora, genera, and tibia) • 
 The colour of these joints is yellowish red-brown, the tibise 
 much the darkost, the metatarsi and tarsi pale yellowish. The 
 other logs are pale, brownish-yellow, often tinged with reddish 
 
400 
 
 marked with one or two black armuli, and an oblique black line 
 on tbe outer side of the femoral and genual joints. 
 
 The palpi are dark red-brown. The radial joint is shorter 
 and smaller than the cubital, and has a small, pointed, prominent 
 apophysis at its extromity on the outer side. Tho digital joint 
 is largo, and oval in form ; the palpal organs aro large and 
 prominent, especially at their base, and at their outer extremity 
 is a circularly curved black spine. 
 
 The falcos are small, rather directed backwards, and of a 
 yellow-red colour. 
 
 The abdomen is short, broad, flattened, and truncated in front, 
 fitting closely over the base of the cephalo-thorax. The upper 
 surface is of a coriaceous nature, thickly marked with minute 
 punctures ; it is of a deep chocolate red-brown colour, thinly 
 clothed with hairs. A broadish, longitudinal, central band, of 
 a deeper hue, enlarging and somewhat dontated or bifid towards 
 its hinder part, is sometimes discernible. 
 
 The female is very different in colours and markings from the 
 male, and at first it is not easy to recognise it as the female sex 
 of the male above described. The cephalo-thorax is thickly 
 clothed with yellowish-white pubescence, and the caput is marked 
 with an indistinct, longitudinal and transverse dark lines. The legs 
 are very short, of a pale yellowish- white, with the black lines and 
 annuli more numerous and more distinct than in the male. The 
 abdomen is red-brown, clothed with whitish pubescence ; tho fore 
 part of the upper side has a longitudinal, central, dark brown 
 band, followed by a paler central portion marked with several 
 small angular bars. The humeral and cubital joints of the palpi 
 are black, and the radial and digital joints yellow. 
 
 This sex is of even a more dumpy form than the male, owing 
 to the larger size of the abdomon in comparison with the 
 cephalo-thorax. 
 
 Ballus depressus is by no means a rare spider on underwood, 
 and on the lowor boughs of oak trees in woods, at Bloxworth, 
 in the summer months ; and has occurred also in other parts of 
 
401 
 
 England, it can hardly be mistaken for any other known 
 indigenous species of this family. 
 
 GENUS NEON, Sim. SALTICUS, BlacJtw., in part., and 
 EUOPHRYS, C. L. Koch., Cambr., in part. 
 
 In this genus, which is allied tolerably closely to Ballm in the 
 form of the cephalo-thorax and other characters, the caput is 
 distinctly longer than the thorax, and the whole cephalo-thorax 
 somewhat flattened. The logs are short — 4.1.3.2. Those of the 
 first pair are the strongest, and there are no spines on those of 
 the hinder pairs. 
 
 The spiders of this genus are very small, and bear great 
 resemblance in colours and markings to some of the genus 
 Euophrys, from which, however, they may bo readily distinguished 
 by the more elevated cephalo-thorax, and shorter caput of the 
 latter genus. 
 
 One species only has been met with in Britain, that one being 
 also found in Dorsetshire 
 
 NEON RETICULATUS. 
 
 Saltious retioulatus, Blachv., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 
 
 60, pi. iii., fig. 33. 
 Euophrys retioulattjs, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx., p. 333. 
 
 The length of the male is l-10th of an inch, and that of the 
 female but very little more. 
 
 This spider boars a good deal of resemblance to Euophrys 
 frontalis, Wdclc, so much so that in very young examples it is not ' 
 easy to separate tho two merely by their colours and markings. It 
 is, however, a smaller and more robustly-made spider, and of a 
 duller colour ; the yollowish parts have an olive-greenish hue, 
 and the black lines and markings are finer, more numerous, 
 and give a reticulated appearance to the abdomen, by tho 
 breaking up of the yellowish ground-colour into small spots. 
 The caput is rather longor than the thorax, and of the same 
 colour, not black or deep-brown as in Euophrys frontalis ; but tho 
 
402 
 
 lateral oyos of tho front row, and those of the middlo and hinder 
 rows, are placed on largish black patches. The hinder slope of 
 the cephalo-thorax is very abrupt. 
 
 The legs are pale yellowish-brown, indistinctly annulated and 
 marked with blackish-brown. They are not very unequal in 
 length, their relative length being 4.3.1.2., 3 and 1 differing but 
 little. In some examples tho femora, tibise, and metatarsi of 
 the first pair are blackish, and tho tarsi dull whitish-yellow. 
 
 The palpi of the male are short, and similar in colour to the 
 legs. The radial joint has a small apophysis at its outer 
 extremity, and numerous long hairs on its inner side. The 
 digital joint is large, and tho palpal organs well developed and 
 prominent, but simple in structure. 
 
 Tho abdomen projects considerably over the base of the 
 cephalo-thorax; it is of a dull brownish-yellow hue, thickly 
 streaked and marked with black or black-brown, and with a serios 
 of strong, angular, black bars along the middle of the hinder half ; 
 these are not nearly so much of an arrow-head form as those of 
 Euophrys frontalis, and the sharp anterior point of each is quite 
 distinctly separated from tho inside of that in front of it ; 
 whereas in Euophrys frontalis they run into each other. In the 
 present spider the intervals betweon tho black angular bars 
 form very distinct, but fine, yellowish-brown ones. 
 
 Neon reticulatus is found in spring and summer, at Bloxworth, 
 among moss and dead leaves in woods, as well as among heather 
 on Bloxworth heath. It also occurs under stones and pieces of 
 rock in the Island of Portland ; and I have met with it in some 
 other parts, also, of Dorsetshire ; and it has been found in North 
 "Wales and Scotland. It is far less active than Euophrys frontalis, 
 indeed, I do not remember ever to have seen the male hunting 
 over plants and herbage in sunshine liko males of that species. 
 
 GENUS EUOPHRYS, C. L. Koch. SALTICUS, Blackw., in 
 part. 
 
 In this genus the cephalo-thorax is longer, and deeper (or 
 moro elevated) than that of either Ballus or Neon, tho thoracic 
 
403 
 
 region being broad, and longer tban tho caput. The relative 
 length of the legs is 4.3.1.2. or 4.1.3.2. ; those of the first pair 
 are very rarely the longest. 
 
 The ocular aroa is broader than long, but scarcely differs in the 
 breadth of its fore and hind extremities. Fakes small ; legs 
 short ; those of the male stoutest. 
 
 The distinction between Euophrys and the next genus (AttusJ 
 appears to be but slight. 
 
 The European species of this genus are rather numerous, but 
 three only have hitherto been recorded in Great Britain. 
 
 EUOPHRYS FRONTALIS. 
 
 Attus frontalis, Walck., Ins. Apt., torn. 1, p. 415, and 0. L. 
 Koch., die Arachn. Bd. xiv., p. 44, Tab. 
 1304-5. 
 Salticus frontalis, Blachv., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 52, 
 pi. iii., fig. 27. 
 
 The length of the male is 1-J- lines, and that of tho female 2 
 to 2£ lines. 
 
 The profile of the upper part of the caput slopes a little 
 forward in a slightly curving lino. The cephalo-thorax of the 
 male is yellowish-brown, tho ocular area black or blackish- 
 brown, clothed with orango-brown hairs, and the eyes of the 
 anterior row are each encircled by an iris of red hairs. 
 
 The legs are brownish-yellow, excepting those of the first pair, 
 which are much the strongest, and of a deep brown colour, the 
 tarsi being white, and clothed thickly beneath the tibiso and 
 metatarsi with longish, coarse, bristly, black hairs. The spines 
 are neither very numerous nor conspicuous. 
 
 The palpi are rather short ; tho humoral joint is black-brown i 
 tho cubital and radial joints yellow-brown, clothed above with 
 coarse, but conspicuous, white hairs ; those of the latter joint are 
 much the longest, and project over the digital joint, which is 
 yellow-brown and of moderate size. Tho palpal organs are 
 
404 
 
 prominent, and at their extremity is a circularly- curved slender 
 spine. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, of a yellow-brown, or brownish-yellow 
 colour. Along the middle of the fore part of the upper side is 
 a slightly deutated black band, followed to the spinners by a 
 series of triangular or arrow-head markings, the sharp apex of 
 each of which run into the hinder part of the one in front of it. 
 On each side of these, as well as on the sides of the abdomen, are 
 numerous, rather regularly, disposed, oblique, as well as 
 longitudinal and linear spots and markings. The under side 
 has three longitudinal, parallel, brownish-black bands, often 
 obscure, at times almost confluent, and sometimes obsolete. In 
 some oxamples the dark markings of the abdomen almost 
 obliterate the ground colour. 
 
 The female resembles the male, but is usually lighter coloured, 
 and the abdominal dark markings are less crowded and more 
 distinct ; her anterior legs are also less strong than those of the 
 male, and similar in colour to the rest. 
 
 This is by no means a rare spider, being found in many parts 
 of England, Scotland, and Wales, under stones, among moss in 
 woods, and on wastes. The males, which are exceedingly active, 
 may be found running in sunshine on low plants and herbage in 
 open places in woods as well as on heaths and waste grounds at 
 Bloxworth in the months of May, Juno, and July. I have met 
 with it, also, in tolerable abundance in the Isle of Portland, 
 The male is a very pretty and conspicuous little spider; the 
 black caput, contrasted with its red irides, white anterior tarsi, 
 and white fringe on the palpi, render it an easily seen species, 
 but from its activity it is not so easily captured. The females 
 are comparatively sluggish. 
 
 EUOPHEYS iEQUIPES. 
 
 Salticus jequipes, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 399, pi. 
 54, No. 4. 
 The male measures l-10th of an inch in length (often less), 
 and the female is rather larger. 
 
405 
 
 In this little spider the caput and thorax appear to be very 
 nearly of equal length, the latter perhaps slightly the longest. 
 The upper side of the caput is black, clothed with yellowish and 
 black bristly hairs, the black colour (in the male) prolonged 
 behind into a tapering deep brown band along the middle of the 
 thorax. The latoral margins are black, the sides and hinder part 
 yellow-brown, often tinged with reddish, and with a more or 
 less distinct, longitudinal, lateral, blackish band on each side, 
 enlarging behind, and generally becoming confluent with the 
 central tapering one. 
 
 The legs are short, but there is not much difference in their 
 longth, which is, relatively, 4.3.1.2. They are of a pale 
 yellowish colour, distinctly annulated with black ; the annuli on 
 the first pair are generally more or less confluent, especially on 
 the femoral joints. 
 
 The palpi are short, and of a yellow hue ; the digital joint 
 large, and the palpal organs prominent, but simple in structure. 
 The radial joint is fringed above with long hairs, and has a 
 small pointed apophysis at its extremity on the outer side. 
 
 The sternum is yellow, margined with black. 
 
 The abdomen is of a short-oval form, thickly clothed with 
 yellowish hairs ; its colour is blackish, or brownish-black above, 
 with some longitudinal, parallel, yellowish markings on the 
 middle of the fore-part, followed to the spinners by a series of 
 angular lines of the same colour. The sides are yellowish, 
 thickly marked with short black lines and markings ; and the 
 underside is also yellowish, with three more or less distinct 
 black-brown longitudinal bands. In the male the yellow 
 markings on the upper side are often more or less obsolete, the 
 whole being black, or nearly so. The female is usually paler, 
 and more distinctly marked than the male. 
 
 This little spider is very active, and is not unfrequent in June 
 and July, on the sunny slopes near Pennsylvania Castle, Port- 
 land, hopping about among the short grass and herbage. I 
 have also found it on the Chesil Beach. It has a wide range in 
 England. I have received it from the neighbourhood of Glas- 
 
406 
 
 gow, and have found it rathor abundantly on the downs noar 
 the sea between Brighton and Rottingdean. The distinctly 
 annulated legs will servo to distinguish it at once from Neon 
 reticulatus, Blackw. 
 
 EUOPHRYS PETRENSIS. 
 
 Euophrys peteensis, C. L. Koch., die Arachn., Bd. xiv., p. 49, 
 pi. cccclxxv., fig. 1307. 
 
 Salticus coccooiliatus, Camor., Zool. 1863, p. 8562. 
 
 The length of the male is l-10th of an inch, and the female 
 is a littlo larger. 
 
 The upper part of the caput of the male is black, continued 
 backwards in a tapering form to the hinder margin of the 
 thorax ; and it is thinly clothed with blackish and golden- 
 coppery hairs. The sides and hinder part are reddish yellow- 
 brown, clothed with yellowish hairs, and with a broad (often 
 indistinctly defined), dark, brownish-black, marginal band. 
 The eyes of the anterior row are encircled by irides of bright 
 scarlet hairs, and the clypeus is also clothed with similar ones. 
 
 The legs are strong and of moderate length ; those of the 
 first and second pairs are black, with yellowish-brown tarsi and 
 metatarsi ; the others have the femora black, and the tibitc, 
 tarsi, and metatarsi distinctly annulated with black and yollowish. 
 
 The sternum is black or blackish-brown. 
 
 The palpi are short and of a yellow-brown hue. The radial 
 joint is shorter and smaller than the cubital, and has, in front, a 
 compact fringe of long, shining, white hairs, covering the base 
 of the digital joint, which is large, and dark brown or blackish 
 in colour. The palpal organs are prominent, but not complex 
 in structure, with a strong black spine curvod in a circular form 
 at their extremity. 
 
 The abdomen is of a short-oval form, and does not project 
 much over the base of the cephalo-thorax. It is black, 
 
407 
 
 clothed with coarse black and golden coppery hairs; along 
 the hinder half of the upper side may often bo traced a series 
 of angular lines (generally defective in the middle or angular 
 part) formed by coppery-red hairs. In some examples these 
 lines appear to be connected by other short lines, forming two 
 longitudinal, parallel, dentated lines along the middle. 
 
 The female is not quite so dark colourod as the male ; her 
 legs are more distinctly annulatcd, and the palpi are of a clear, 
 pale, yellow hue ; the anterior eyes and clypeus also are wanting 
 in the scarlet irides and hairs, and the angular lines on the 
 abdomen are more distinct than in the male. 
 
 This pretty little spider is allied to Euophrys oequipes, but may 
 be easily distinguished by its darker colours, and (in the males) 
 by the striking contrast of the scarlet irides, and similarly 
 coloured hairs on the clypeus, with the white hairs on the dark 
 coloured palpi. 
 
 Euophrys petrensis is not unf requent in May and June on the 
 barer spots of dry sandy and gravelly heath at Bloxworth, 
 where the heather is scanty, but has not yet been found in any 
 other locality in Great Britain. Its activity is very great, and, 
 like many others of its family, it loves sunshine, becoming at once 
 dull and sluggish on the obscuration of the sun's rays. It 
 appears to prey (among, no doubt, other insects) upon ants and 
 podurso, both of which aro common where this spider occurs. 
 The female produces only a very few eggs, which sho encloses, 
 along with horself, in a little white silken nest beneath a stone. 
 
 GENUS ATTUS, Sim., ATTUS, Wdch. (in part), and 
 SALTICUS, Blackw. (in part). 
 
 The spiders of this group may be distinguished from Euophrys 
 by the more elevated cephalo-thorax, and the greater proportion- 
 ate length of the legs of the fourth pair. The thorax is from a 
 quarter to a half longer than the caput, and the ocular area is 
 scarcely a quarter more in breadth than in length, but is rather 
 
408 
 
 narrower behind than in front. The upper surface of the caput 
 elopes, often rather strongly, forwards, with a slightly convex 
 profile. In some species the length of the second pair of logs 
 exceeds that of the third. The species of this genus, recordod as 
 European, are rather numerous ; four only of these, however, are 
 as yet known in Groat Britain, though several others, whoso 
 genuine position is doubtful, are at present included in Attus as 
 a kind of refuge for the destitute. Two species only have 
 hitherto been found in Dorset. 
 
 ATTUS PUBESCENS. 
 
 Aranea ptjbesoens, Fabr,, Syst. Ent., p. 438. 
 
 Etjophrys ptjbesoens, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn., Bd. xiv., p. 9. 
 tab. 470, figs. 1278 and 1279. 
 
 Saltiotjs sparstjs, Blaclw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 49, pi. 
 iii., fig. 25. 
 
 „ terebrattjs, Cambr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8597. 
 
 „ fratinoola, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 403. 
 
 Attus ptjbesoens, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx., p. 333. 
 
 The length of the male is 2 lines, and the female is rather 
 larger. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is dark brown, tinged with yellow, the 
 ocular area nearly black ; it is thickly clothed with grey and 
 greyish-yellow pubescence, mixed with reddish and other 
 hairs, and has several spots and markings on the upper side of 
 the caput formed by white hairs, giving it a variegated appear- 
 ance. The hairs forming the irides of the anterior row of eyes 
 are greyish. 
 
 The legs are yellow-brown, more or less distinctly marked 
 and annulated with brownish-black. Those of the fourth pair 
 are considerably the largest, and the third pair are at least equal 
 
409 
 
 to the second, if not slightly longer ; they are well clothed with 
 grey and other hairs, and all are furnished with spines. 
 
 The palpi of the male are moderate in length, strong, of a 
 yellowish-brown colour, thickly clothed with grey and other 
 hairs ; the radial joint has a remarkable apophysis of deep black- 
 brown colour springing from near the base on the outer side ; it 
 is of large size, broad, more than double the length of the joint, 
 and broadest near its extremity ; the radial joint is also thickly 
 furnished with long coarse grey hairs, especially on the inner side • 
 The digital joint is largo and of a black-brown colour ; the palpal 
 organs large and prominent, but not complex in structure. 
 
 The abdomen does not project much over the base of the 
 cephalo-thorax ; it is thickly clothed on the upper part and sides 
 with brown, grey, white, yellowish, reddish, and black hairs, 
 forming numerous spots and markings, and giving it a very 
 prettily variegated look. Among the most conspicuous of the 
 paler markings, in well-marked examples, are two longitudinal 
 rows, each of four roundish white spots diverging as they run 
 backwards from the fore extremity to the hinder part. The 
 second spot from the hinder extremity on each side is larger, and 
 always more conspicuous than the rest ; and there is another 
 white spot immediately above the spinners. Along the middle 
 of the hinder half is a series of yellowish-grey, transverse, 
 angular lines, the intermediate spaces being black. The under 
 side is of a uniform greyish yellow-brown hue. 
 
 The males and females differ but little in colours and markings, 
 though both sexes are very variable in general depth of colour- 
 ing, as well as in distinctness of pattern. A very dark, nearly 
 black, variety constitutes the Salticus sparsus, Blackw. 
 
 This spider occurs, though very rarely, on walls at Bloxworth 
 and in the neighbourhood, and is adult in May and June. I met 
 with it once rather plentifully on tho walls of a house at Hursley, 
 in Hampshire, as woll as in the suburbs of Southampton, and 
 it has been also found in various other parts of England. The 
 males cannot possibly be mistaken for any other speoies if the 
 
410 
 
 apophysis at the outer side of the radial joint of the palpus he 
 noted. 
 
 ATTUS SALTATOR. 
 
 Salticus saltator, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 401, pi. 
 54., No. 6, and Zoologist 1862, p. 7945. 
 
 Attus saltator, Sim., Monogr. des Attides d'Europe, p. 145, 
 and Araehn. de France, torn, iii., p. 115. 
 
 Saltious floricola, Blacktv., Spid. Gt. Brit, and Irel., p. 55, pi. 
 iii., fig. 30. 
 
 Yllenus saltator, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx., p. 334. 
 
 The male measuros l-9th to 1-1 0th of an inch in length, and 
 the female is rather larger. 
 
 The cephalo -thorax is very massive, and the caput and thorax 
 are more noarly equal in length than those of A. pubescence. It 
 is clothed with hairs, and its colour is deep brown on the sidos 
 and hinderpart, where the hairs are mostly white ; the ocular 
 area is black, clothed with reddish-brown and other hairs, and 
 has on the hinder part a contral longitudinal stripe of white 
 hairs continued backwards on tho thoracic region. 
 
 The hairs forming the irides of the eyes of the anterior row, 
 as well as those on the clypeus are white, the former being 
 sometimes of a reddish hue round the two large central eyes. 
 
 The legs are rather unequal in length; relatively 4.1.2.3. 
 Those of the fourth pair are considerably the longest, particularly 
 in the femoral joints, They are of a dull brownish-yellow 
 colour, annulated with dark brown, and clothed with, among 
 others, short white hairs or pubescence. 
 
 The palpi of the malo aro of a palo yellowish hue, thickly 
 clothed in front with longish white hairs. The radial joint has, 
 
411 
 
 at its extremity on the outer side, a small pointed apophysis. 
 The digital joint is of moderate size, and of a brownish colour. 
 The palpal organs are prominent at the base, but of simple 
 structure. 
 
 The abdomen is of a short-oval form, projecting well over the 
 base of the cephalo-thorax, densely clothed with reddish-brown, 
 black, and white hairs ; the upper side is of a more or less deop 
 brown or blackish hue, with a longitudinal central white line in 
 front, followed by a series of angular whitisli bars ; and on each 
 side, a little behind the middle, is a large conspicuous roundish 
 white spot or blotch. The sides are white, and tho under part 
 greyish yellow. 
 
 The sexes resemble each other in their general colour and 
 pattern ; but tho males are the most distinctly marked, and 
 darkest in the dark portions. Tho two whito blotches, also, on the 
 abdomen of the male are very distinct ; while in the females 
 the angular bars are more distinct than in the male. 
 
 This exceedingly active and pretty little spider is not uncommon 
 in May and Juno on the dry, sandy, gravolly parts of Bloxworth 
 Heath. I have also met with it on the sand-hills near Studland. 
 Its leaps are, compared to its size, of extraordinary length — 
 often exceeding a space of ten inchos. No doubt the length 
 of its hinder legs enables it to cover this largo distance. 
 
 Its colours are admirably adapted for concealment among the 
 small white particles of stone which abound on the darker soil of 
 the sandy heath, where it occurs ; but the two largo white spots 
 on tho nearly black abdomen of the male render it conspicuous 
 to the collector's eye. The only way to capture it without injury 
 is either with a hoop-not, guiding or driving it in with one 
 hand while the net is held in the other, or else to cover it 
 dexterously with an empty tube, into the upper part of which it 
 may be soon driven, and thence transferred to the spirit-bottle, 
 as recommended in the "Introduction." (p. xxxix.) 
 
 I met with a single example of this spider in Lancashire 
 many years ago, and moio recently it has been found in Franco 
 
412 
 
 GENUS HASAEIUS, Sim. SALTICUS, Blacho., in part, 
 and ATTUS, Camlr., in part. 
 
 In this group the cephalo-thorax is of moderate length in 
 proportion to its breadth but massive and elevated. The thorax 
 is about one-half longer than the caput, and distinctly broador, 
 though there is little or no evident mark of division between them. 
 The ocular area is much broader than long, and very slightly 
 narrower behind than in front. The legs are strong, short, and 
 do not differ much in length ; relatively, they vary both in 
 different species as well as in the sexes of the male species. 
 Commonly the relative length is 1.3.4.2. The falces are of 
 moderate length and strength. 
 
 Three species only have been found hitherto in Great Britain ; 
 of those, one is most probably an introduced tropical spider ; and 
 one only has as yet been met with in Dorsetshire. 
 
 HASARIUS FALCATUS. 
 
 Abaneus faloatus, Clerch., Sv. Spindl., p, 125, pi. 5, tab. 19. 
 
 Salticus coronattts, Blackw., Spid. Great Britain and Irel., p. 
 
 50, pi. iii., fig. 26. 
 
 The male measures about 2£ lines in length, and the female 
 often attains a length of 3£ lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a deep brown colour, dotted with 
 greyish yellow-brown hairs ; the ocular area is black and sur- 
 rounded by a broad, pale band (interrupted in the middle), and 
 clothed with short white hairs. 
 
 The legs are yellowish, or yellow-brown, the anterior portions 
 of the femora and tibiae deep brown. They are much darker in 
 some examples than in others, and are clothed with (among 
 others) numerous greyish-white hairs, and all are furnished with 
 spines. 
 
 The palpi of the male are short, strong, and of a dark, yellow- 
 brown colour, clothed in front with coarsish-grey and other 
 hairs. The radial is rather larger than the cubital joint, and 
 
413 
 
 has, at its outer extremity, a long, obtusely-pointed, deep 
 blackish apophysis, which fits closely up against the outer side of 
 the base of the digital joint ; this last is large, and of an oval 
 shape. The palpal organs are large, and very prominent behind, 
 but of simple structure. 
 
 The abdomen of the male is oval, but does not project much 
 over the base of the cephalo-thorax ; it is of a deep, blackish, 
 olive-brown colour above, with a yellowish-white marginal band ; 
 a broad, central, longitudinal one of a reddish-brown colour, 
 contains, on the hinder part, a series of more or less distinct 
 angular, pale, yellowish-brown bars, of which one (a little way 
 above the spinners) is longer than the rest, and its ends form, 
 on each side of the central band, a strong, dentieulation. This 
 denticulation is often very distinct when the rest of the bar is 
 scarcely traceable, and at other times the bar forms a large 
 triangular yellowish-white area. The sides are deep, blackish- 
 brown, obscurely striated with yellow-brown, and the under part 
 is either dark brown, or pale yellow-brown, longitudinally 
 striped or banded with dark brown. 
 
 The sexes are very dissimilar in general appearance ; the 
 abdomen of the female wants the conspicuous yellow-white, 
 marginal border of that of the male. Its colours and markings 
 vary considerably ; in general the upper side is dark olive-brown, 
 with some indistinct angular bars along the middle, and the 
 sides are obliquely marked with alternate yellowish and dark- 
 brown, but not very distinct bands or stripes. Both sexes may 
 easily be distinguished from any other known British species of 
 Salticides by the broad pale band surrounding the ocular area. 
 
 This fine and handsome species is not rare in wooded districts 
 at Bloxworth and other parts of Dorset. The males may be found 
 actively hopping about on bright mornings in May and June, 
 among dead leaves and herbage in open places in woods ; and 
 the females may be beaten from underwood, as well as from the 
 lower boughs of oak trees growing amongst it. Adults of both 
 sexes may occasionally bo found throughout the summer. 
 
414 
 
 Easarius falcatus is also found in Wales and Scotland, as well 
 as in numerous parts of England. 
 
 GENUS PHLEGRA, Sim. SALTIOUS, Bhchw. in part, and 
 JELUROPS, Camlr. 
 
 The spiders of this group may be distinguished from Umarim 
 by the longer, narrower, and less elevated cephalo-thorax (of 
 which the thoracic portion is double the length of the caput) 
 and the different relative length of the legs 4.3.1.2. or 4.1.3.2. 
 
 The almost invariable pattern in this genus consists of alter- 
 nate, longitudinal, pale and dark stripes, both on the cephalo- 
 thorax and the abdomen. 
 
 Out of several recorded European specits of this group one 
 only Las as yet occurred in Great Britain, and this one has only 
 hitherto been found in Hampshire and Dorsetshire. 
 
 PHLEGRA FASCIATA. 
 
 Salticus fasciatus, Halm., die Arachn., Bd. 1, p. 54, Tab. xiv., 
 fig. 41. 
 
 „ „ Camlr., Zool. 1862, p. 7945. 
 
 iEniROFS fasciatus, Ibid., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx., p. 333. 
 Attus fasciatus, Ibid., Ann. and Mag. N. H., October, 1875, 
 Sec. 4, Vol. 16, p. 258. 
 The length of the male is rather more than 2£ lines, and that 
 of the female about 4 lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a deep reddish-brown hue, the ocular 
 area being black. Two rather narrow, longitudinal stripes, of 
 a yellow-brown colour, clothed with grey or whitish hairs, run 
 backwards, one from just on the inner side of each of the 
 posterior eyes, to the hinder margin of the thorax ; and there is 
 a similar, lateral, marginal band on each side. The ocular area 
 is also divided longitudinally by a whitish line, and is broader 
 than long, but not greatly so. 
 
415 
 
 The legs are short and strong, their relative length being 
 4.3.1.2. They are brownish, or dull yellow, annulated dis- 
 tinctly (at least in the female) with black or doep brown. 
 
 The palpi of the male are short, and of a dark reddish-brown 
 colour; the radial joint has two apophyses (or rather a duplex 
 one) at its outer extremity. The two portions of it are of equal 
 length, and runs parallel close together, but differ in strength 
 and form. The digital joint is of moderate size, and the palpal 
 organs are large, and prominent, but of simple structure. 
 
 The abdomen of the female is black on the upper side, with 
 a central and two lateral, longitudinal bands, clothed thickly 
 with short white hairs. The under part is of a greyish-yellow 
 hue. 
 
 The sexes resemble each other in their markings ; but in their 
 general appearance the two are very much unUke, owing to the 
 greater or less obscuration, in the male, of the pale stripes both 
 on the cophalo-thorax and abdomen, the latter is (in the male) 
 of a shining, satiny or greasy look ; the central, abdominal 
 stripe is more or less visible, but often only on the hinder 
 extremity ; the lateral ones are usually altogether obsolete. The 
 legs of the male are also of a very dark hue, destitute of any 
 traceable annulation. 
 
 I met with this distinct and well marked species in tolerable 
 abundance at the beginning of June, 1875, on a narrow neck of 
 land or peninsula, thickly covered with dwarf flowers and her- 
 bage, near the railway station at Portland. It is an active 
 spider, and has as yet only been found in one other British 
 locality (a single example of the female, some years ago, in the 
 New Forest, Hampshire). 
 
 GENUS iELUEOPS, Thar. SALTICUS, Blackw., in part, 
 and YLLENUS, Camhr., in part. NON iELUEOPS. Ibid. 
 
 The spiders of this group may bo distinguished from Phlegra 
 by the greater elevation (especially in proportion to its length) 
 of the cephalo-thorax. The caput slopes very much forward 
 
416 
 
 with a curved profile, and is only half the length of the thoracic 
 portion. The legs are tolerably long; those of the first and 
 second pairs are shortest and much the strongest. Their relative 
 length is 3.4.1.2 (or 3-4.1.2), and all are armed with spines. 
 
 The anterior row of eyes is much curved ; the two large 
 central ones being situated quite underneath the overhanging 
 fore part of the upper side of the caput, so that when looked at 
 from above and behind they are quite concealed. 
 
 About eight species of 2Elwrop% are as yet known in Europe, 
 but one only has been found in Great Britain ; that one (so far 
 as I know) being confined to heaths in Dorsetshire and Hamp- 
 shire. 
 
 -2ELUROPS V-INSIGNITUS. 
 
 Araneus litera v-iNsiGNiTus, Clerck., Sv. Spindl., p. 121. 
 Attus quinquepartitus, Walclc, Ins. Aept., ii., p. 403. 
 Saltious quinque partitus, Cambr., Zoologist 1862, p. 7945. 
 Yllenus v-insignitus, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx., p. 334. 
 Saltious nidicolens, Cambr., Zool. 1862, p. 7945. 
 
 The length of the male is 2 £ lines, and that of the female 4 
 lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of the male is black, with a broad lateral 
 margin clothed with white hairs, and at the fore part of the 
 ocular area is a very distinct marking formed by white hairs in 
 the form of a double V, the angle of which is directed f orn ards. 
 
 The legs are yellow-brown, marked (but not regularly) with 
 dark brown, and clothed with (among others) numerous white 
 hairs on the upper side, the femora of the first pair being of a 
 pale yellowish hue. 
 
 The palpi are yellow, thickly clothed on the upper side with 
 dull yellowish and white hairs. The radial joint has two short 
 apophyses at its extremity on the outer and upper side, but not 
 easily seen, owing to the hairs with which that part is clothed. 
 The digital joint is of moderate size, and the palpal organs are 
 of simple structure. 
 
417 
 
 Tho abdomen is deep black on tho uppor side, with a pale, 
 longitudinal, central, narrow band, tbickly clotliod with white 
 hairs, and occasionally emitting, on each side towards its rather 
 tapering hinder part, some short lateral, slightly oblique, lines 
 or points. The sides are clothed with white hairs, and are 
 marked, towards the hinder part, with several oblique lines of 
 short blackish linear spots. The under side is dull yellow-brown. 
 
 The female differs considerably from the male — her general 
 hue being much paler. The central band on the abdomen is 
 indistinct and of a dull colour ; its fore part is indicated by some 
 longitudinal parallel pale spots, and it is studded, on each side 
 of the hinder part, with obtuse, prominent, short, pale lines or 
 spots. The sides are dull yellowish, marked with oblique rows 
 of bold linear blackish spots. The logs and palpi are yellow, 
 slightly tinged with reddish, and distinctly annulated with dark 
 brown. The V mark on the caput in this sex is seldom very 
 distinct, and often scarcely traceable. 
 
 This conspicuous spider, which cannot be mistaken for any 
 other species of the family found in Britain, is of frequent 
 occurrence on Bloxworth Heath, where it is found on dry sandy 
 and gravelly spots in May and June, and occasionally through- 
 out the summer. I have also received it from the heath district 
 near Bournemouth. It is exceedingly active, and its leaps aro of 
 great extent, as well as very rapid in their succession. The 
 female might easily bo mistaken for a distinct species, so great 
 is the difference in its general colours and markings from those 
 of the male. 
 
APPENDIX A. 
 
 Descriptions of some Additional Species of Spiders 
 found in Dorsetshire since the publication of the 
 First Part of this Work. 
 
 FAMILY DEASSIDES. 
 
 GENUS GNAPHOSA, Latr. 
 GNAPHOSA LUGUBRIS. 
 
 Pytiionissa luoubris, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn. vi., p. 60, Taf. 
 
 cxcv., fig. 473, and L. Koch, Die Arachn. 
 
 Faun, der Drassiden, p. 8, tab. 1, fig. 4. 
 GNArnosA lugtjbris, C. L. Koch, Camhr., Ann. and Mag. N.H. 
 
 85, vol. iv., 1879, p. 201. 
 Length of an adult female 5 -J lines. 
 
 This spider is larger than Gnapho&a anglica, Cambr. (p. 13), 
 but resembles it very closoly in general appearance, colours, and 
 markings ; the \/-6hapod marking, however, on the cephalo- 
 thorax is stronger and more distinct. The metatarsi of the 
 fourth pair of legs are also distinctly longer in proportion, and 
 the form of the genital aperture is different. In Gnaphosa anglica 
 the anterior margin extends backwards, in a strong process, over 
 the greater portion of the length of the aperture, while a corres- 
 ponding process in the present spider does not reach half-way 
 
419 
 
 over its length. The scopula beneath the tarsi and metatarsi of 
 the first two pairs of legs is also denser and more compact than 
 in Gnaphosa anglica. 
 
 The example on which the above notes have been made was 
 found, with nnmorous immature individuals of both sexes, under 
 old turves on Bloxworth Heath, about the middle of Soptember 
 1878. The immature males were, some of them, then quite 
 equal in size to the female above described, and the digital joints 
 were excessively tumid, showing a near approach to maturity.* 
 All the adult examples I have hitherto met with of Onaphosa 
 anglica have been found in the months of May and June. 
 
 GNAPHOSA SUSPECTA. 
 
 Gnaphosa stjspeota, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1879, Vol. 
 iv., s. 5, p. 191. 
 
 Length of an immature female 2 lines. 
 
 This spider is of a rather flatter form than Gnaphosa anglica. 
 The legs are stronger, and the cephalo-thorax is devoid of the 
 strong, dark, \/-shaped marking characteristic of that species. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is pale yellow-brown, thickly 
 mottled and suffused with a deeper hue, and edged with a brown- 
 black marginal line. 
 
 The legs are pale yellow-brown, more or less suffused with a 
 darker colour. There are no spines, apparently, on those of the 
 first two pairs, excepting two of a strong bristly nature on the 
 upper sides of the femora. All the tibiee, tarsi, and metatarsi 
 are furnished above with a few long, erect, slender hairs. 
 
 * Since tho above description of the female was in the press, I have (May 
 21st, 1880) found an adult male of this fine spider under a piece of turf on 
 Bloxworth Heath. Its length is 4| lines, and it is of a darkor hue than any 
 of the females I have as yet mot with, tho abdomen being jet blaok. The 
 palpi, independently of the larger size of the spider, will serve to distin- 
 guish it readily from Gnaphosa anglica, Cambr. ; the radial joint is very 
 Bhort and strong, obtusely prominent undomeath at its fore extremity, and 
 has its extremity on the outer side produced into a short, rapidly tapering, 
 sharp-pointed apophysis, whose length is less than that of the joint itself, 
 and its joint adheres closely to the digital joint as to render it not easily 
 observed. In Gnaphosa anglica this apophysis is much longer (longer, in 
 faot, than the joint itself), and more prominent. Tho palpal organs, also, 
 aro more prominent than in Gnaphosa anglica. 
 
420 
 
 The relative length of the legs is 4.1.2.3, but the difference 
 between those of the first and fourth pairs is slight. 
 
 The palpi, falces, and maxilloe are similar in colour to the 
 legs ; while the colour of the sternum is liko that of the cephalo- 
 thorax. 
 
 The eyes are very similar in general size and position to those 
 of Gnaphosa anglica, but are more closely grouped together, and 
 form a more rectangular area, whose transverse diameter is also 
 shorter in proportion to the longitudinal. 
 
 The abdomen is rather broad, and of an oblong-oval form, 
 truncate before ; it is of a dull brown colour, tho slightly red- 
 dish-yellow adpressed pubescence being mixed with longer, 
 stronger, prominent, black, bristly hairs. 
 
 The example above described was found under a stone near 
 Sherborne, in the spring of 1878, by my nephew, Frederick 
 Octavius Pickard-Cambridge. Although owing to its not being 
 adult, its best specific characters are not developed, I have 
 ventured to describe it as a new species. It is, at any rate, 
 distinct from Gnaphosa anglica and Gnaphosa lugubris, the only 
 other British forms of the genus yet discovered. 
 
 GENUS PEOSTHESIMA, L. Koch. 
 
 PBOSTHESIMA LATITANS. 
 
 Melanophora latitans, L. Koch, Beitriige Zur Kenntniss der 
 Arachniden Fauna Galiziens, (Krakau., 
 1870). 
 
 Prosthesima latitan.i, L. Koch, E. Simon, Arachn. de France 
 
 iv., p. 70, and Camlr., Ann. and Mag 
 
 N. H., 1879, vol. iv., ser. 5, p. 209. 
 
 Adult male length slightly over 2J lines. 
 
 This species is closely allied to Prosthesima petiverii, Scop. (p. 
 
 15), but differs in being more completely jet-black, both in 
 
 respect to the cephalo-thorax and abdomen, the former of which 
 
 is of a very slightly brown tinge. The fore part of the abdomen 
 
421 
 
 is covered with a largo sub-triangular shining patch, markod 
 towards the posterior extremity with two obscure red-brown 
 impressed spots placed in a transverse line, and, like the rest of 
 the abdominal surface, covered with a rather close pubescence, 
 some of which appears to have a greyish tinge. 
 
 The legs are deep black-brown, the tarsi pale yellowish, those 
 of the two hinder pairs tingod with red-brown ; the femora of 
 the first pair have no pale marking on their outer sides. Eelative 
 length 4.1.2.3. 
 
 The eyes of the hind-central pair are oval, slightly oblique 
 and very nearly contiguous to each other, each being also bu 
 very little further removed from the lateral eye on each side 
 next to it. 
 
 The radial apophysis is long, rather strong, tapering, curved 
 divergent from the digital joint at its extremity, which has its 
 point of a somewhat bent or crotchet form ; the digital joint is 
 large and of a short oval shape ; the palpal organs are obtusely 
 prominent at their hinder extremity ; towards their fore 
 extremity is a prominent somewhat pointed process, ending with 
 a small spino-like point ; and in front of this, issuing from the 
 outer side of the extremity of the palpal organs, is a black 
 tapering spine, which curves over them towards the inner side, 
 in close connection with some whitish membranous substance. 
 There is no spine of this kind, nor any such prominent process 
 as the one just before mentioned, in Prosthesima petiverii. 
 
 A single example of this spider was found by myself near 
 Lul worth Cove on the 26th of June, 1878. 
 
 PROSTHESIMA LATREILLII. 
 
 Melanophora atra, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn., Fam. der Dras. 
 siden, p. 182, tab. vii., figs. 123 and 121. 
 
 Prosthesima latreillii, Sim., Arachn. de France iv., p. 62, and 
 Camor. Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1879, ser ( 
 6, vol. 4, p. 209. 
 Length of the male 2J lines, female 3J lines. 
 
422 
 
 This spider is allied to P. nigrita (p. 16), but is larger, and 
 the tarsi alone of the legs are paler than the other joints. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is deep blackish-brown ; the abdomen is of 
 duller and more sooty hue with a somewhat coppery, black- 
 brown, shining oval area at tho fore extremity of the upper side 
 of that of the male. The abdominal pubescence is of a somewhat 
 yollowish dull olive-green hue. The legs are similar in colour 
 to the cephalo-thorax, becoming, however, gradually paler 
 towards their extremities, which are pale reddish-brown. The 
 femora of the first pair, in both sexes, have an elongate-oval pale 
 patch on their outer sides. Relative length 4.1.2.3. 
 
 The palpi are much like those of P. nigrita, but the digital 
 joint is larger. The radial apophysis is moderately long and 
 strong, tapering, curved, and divergent, its point is obtuse, but 
 tho extremity is rather abruptly diminished in size a little way 
 from the point. The palpal organs are of very simple structure, 
 not very prominent, and present no noticeable points or pro- 
 cesses. 
 
 Tho female resembles the male in general character and 
 colours. The genital aperture most nearly resembles that of 
 Prosthesima longipes, 0. L. Koch, but its form is still noticeably 
 distinct, being more quadrate and of a larger size. 
 
 A single example of each sex, found on Bloxworth Heath, in 
 May, 1877, have been hitherto confused with P. nigrita; and in 
 1876 I received an adult female (length 3 frd linos) from 
 Ventnor, in the Isle of Wight. 
 
 PROSTHESIMA LONGIPES. 
 
 Melanophora longipes, C. L. Koch, Die. Arachn., Fam. der 
 
 Prassiden, p. 147, pi. vi., figs. 88 and 89. 
 
 Prosthesima lonoipes, C. L. Koch, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H. 
 
 ser. 5, vol. iv., p. 209. 
 
 Length of the male 2£ to 3 lines. Female rather larger. 
 
 Although in general appearance this spider is very like, and 
 
 is very likely to be mistaken for, some other species of this 
 
423 
 
 genus, yet the much greater length and slendernesa of the legs 
 distinguish it readily. 
 
 The whole spider is of an almost jet black hue, the femora of 
 the first pair of legs have on their outer sides a large, elongate, 
 reddish yellow-brown marking in both sexes, and all the tarsi 
 are red-brown. 
 
 The palpi are tolerably long. The radial apophysis is long, 
 nearly straight, somewhat tapering, divergent from the 
 digital joint, and has its extremity somewhat pinched into a 
 sort of obtuse point. The digital joint is large, oval, and the 
 palpal organs are very convexly prominent, but exhibit no very 
 noticeable points or projecting processes. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours, but her legs are 
 not so long. The genital aperture, like that of most other 
 spiders, has its own specially characteristic form and structure. 
 
 Adults of both sexes were found on Bloxworth Heath, among 
 moss and heather, as well as under old turves, from the 
 beginning to the middle of September, 1878. It is a remarkably 
 active spider, and, unless captured by means of an empty glass 
 tube, it is not easy to get undamaged specimens. It is found in 
 Germany and France, but not in any abundance. 
 
 GENUS DEASSUS, Walck. 
 
 DRASSUS INFUSCATUS. 
 
 Drasstjs iotusoatus, Westr., Aran. Suec. p. 347, and Cambr., 
 Ann. and Mag. N.H., 1379, Ser. 5., vol. 
 IT., p. 209. 
 Length of the adult female 3$ lines. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Drassus criminalis, Cambr. (antea 
 p. 20). It is, however, rather larger, and though resembling that 
 species in its general form, structure, and colours, it may be at 
 once distinguished by the large size and high development of the 
 genital aperture. This portion of structure discloses a large 
 oblong-oval deep cavity, bordered on each side by a very broad, 
 
424 
 
 somewhat irregularly shaped, shining, corneous-looking margin, 
 and behind bya transversely rugulose integument, from the middle 
 of the posterior margin of which a small point projects into the 
 anterior portion of the cavity. In the form of the genital 
 aperture, as well as in many other respects, it bears considerable 
 resemblance to Drassus troglodytes, C. L. Koch (p. 17), but tho 
 "small point," just now mentioned as projecting into the cavity 
 of the genital aperture, is (in Drassus troglodytes) a projection of 
 large size, and covers the greater portion of the cavity. 
 
 It is just possible that Drassus criminalis may be merely the not 
 quite fully developed form of Drassus infuscatus ; though its 
 genital aperture has the appearance of maturity. Future 
 researches will probably make this more certain, while at present 
 (and not knowing the males of either), I consider the two 
 spiders to belong to distinct species. 
 
 An adult female of Drassus infuscatus was found by myself 
 among dead leaves on the ground in a wood at Bloxworth on the 
 10th of September, 1877. It is found also in Sweden, Germany, 
 Belgium and France, but appears to be everywhere exceedingly 
 rare. 
 
 DRASSUS MINOR. 
 
 Drassus minor, Camir., Ann. and Mag. N. H., 1879, part, iv., 
 ser. 5, p. 192, pi. xii., fig. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax elongate-oval ; the lateral marginal constric- 
 tions at the caput are slight ; the profile line forming an even, 
 but not strong, curve. The clypeus does not exceed in height 
 the diameter of the fore central eyes. Colour pale, dull yellow- 
 brown, some dark veinings indicating the normal indentations. 
 
 Eyes rather large and closoly grouped, in the ordinary two 
 curved transverse lines. They are not very different in size ; 
 the hind central pair are of an oblique-oval form, their most 
 proximate points separated from each other by loss than their 
 narrowest diameter, and from the hind laterals by only a very 
 slightly greater interval. Fore central pair large, and separated 
 
425 
 
 from each other by a very small interval ; being also about 
 equally distant from the fore-laterals. 
 
 Legs strong, but not very long; relative length 4.1.2.3 ; rather 
 palor in colour than the cephalo-thorax, and furnished with a 
 few spinos, chiefly on the tibia) and metatarsi of the third and 
 fourth pairs of legs. 
 
 Falces moderately long, tolerably strong, and rather darker in 
 hue than the legs. 
 
 Maxillee strong, of ordinary form ; curved and inclined towards 
 the labium, but with a very slight impression across the middle ; 
 their colour darker than that of the cephalo-thorax. Labium 
 oblong-oval, longer than broad, its apex rather rounded, and 
 somewhat darker than the maxilla). 
 
 Abdomen elongate-oval, rather truncate before ; and of a dull 
 sooty brown colour, with a somewhat deeper longitudinal central 
 stripe on the fore half of the upper side; on each side of this are 
 faintly visible the usual three elongate pale spots in a curved 
 longitudinal line, followed by a very faint indication of the ordin- 
 ary transvorse angular lines. The under side is paler than the 
 upper, and the whole is clothed with very short pale hairs. The 
 genital aperture is tolerably large, of characteristic and distinc- 
 tive form, with a red-brown corneous margin ; and immediately 
 behind it are two red-brown, shining, circular, convex spots close 
 to each other in a transverse bine. The whole is surrounded by 
 coarse, dark converging hairs. 
 
 An adult and two immature females of this species were found 
 at the roots of coarse grass and herbage on the Weymouth side 
 of the Ohesil Beach, near the Portland station, on the 6th of 
 June, 1879. It is allied to Drassus criminalis, Cambr., and 
 Drassus infuscatus, Westr., but is very much smaller, and differs 
 totally in the form of the genital aperture, as well as in the 
 relative position of the eyes, though resembling those spiders 
 a good deal in general form and colouring. 
 
FAMILY DICTYNIDES. 
 
 GENUS DICTYNA, Bund. 
 
 DICTYNA PUSILLA. 
 
 Diotyna pusilla, Westr., Aran. Suec, p. 385. 
 
 This speoies is closely allied both to Bictyna arundinacea, Linn, 
 (p. 49), and D. uncinata, Westr. (p. 50). It may be distinguished 
 from the former by its smaller size, and the greater length of 
 the spur on the radial joint of the male palpus. From D. uncinata 
 it may be known by the radial joint being shorter than the 
 cubital, whereas in that species it is much longer ; the spur, also, 
 on the radial joint is more robust in D. pusilla than in D. 
 uncinata. In other respects the present spider is very like both 
 the other species mentioned. 
 
 I met with examples of this spider in a hedge near Honey- 
 combe Wood, Sherborne, in May, 1879. It had previously been 
 recorded from Wick Copse, near Oxford, and the neighbourhood 
 of Guildford, in Surrey. 
 
FAMILY THEKIDIIDES. 
 
 GENUS THERIDIOSOMA, Cambr. 
 
 Cephalo-tliorax short ; thorax round-oval, and, looked at in 
 profile, gradually rising in a curve to the ocular area ; caput 
 strongly constricted on the lateral margins, and deeply indented 
 on each side near the thoracic junction. 
 
 Eyes of tolerable size, closely grouped, subequal, and in two 
 rows ; the posterior row much the most strongly curved. Those 
 of the fore-central pair on a tubercular prominence. The four 
 central eyes form a trapezoid whose anterior side is shortest. 
 
 Legs short, moderately strong; relative length 1.2.4.3., or 
 1.4.2.3., furnished with coarse hairs and a few strong bristles 
 only. 
 
 Maxillee short, strong, straight, convex in front, broad at their 
 extremities, where the outer side is well rounded, and the inner 
 side rather less so. 
 
 Labium short and somewhat semicircular. 
 
 Abdomen large, and globular. 
 
 This is a genus of very great interest, and appears to be a 
 connecting link between Theridion and Epeira. Dr. L. Koch 
 includes a very closely allied species in the genus Theridion (T. 
 gemmosum), but the form of the maxillro and the stronger legs 
 seem to exclude it entirely from that group, and to necessitate a 
 new genus for its reception. Dr. Koch describes the snare as 
 consisting simply of a few lines spun from plant to plant. This 
 habit, together with some structural considerations, exclude it 
 from the Ejoeirides, which, however, it resembles very closely in 
 the form of the maxillco. The egg cocoon is pear-shaped; it is 
 
428 
 
 suspended by a slender foot stalk, and is something like that 
 of Ero thoracica (p- 233). 
 
 THERIDIOSOMA ARGENTEOLUM. 
 
 Thebediosoma aeoenteoltjm, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N. H., 
 1879, ser. 5, vol. 4, p. 194, pi. xii., fig. 8 
 
 Adult female, length very slightly over 1 line. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is yellow, the caput suffused 
 with sooty black, especially on the sides near the occiput ; a few 
 hairs are directed forwards from the ocular Tarea, with some 
 others disposed in a central, longitudinal line running back- 
 wards. 
 
 The eyes occupy the whole width of the caput, at its rather 
 produced extremity. Those of the hind-central pair are of a 
 blueish-grey hue, and are nearer together than each is to the 
 hind-lateral eye on its side ; the interval being half an eye's 
 diameter. Those of each lateral pair are placed slightly obliquely 
 on tubercles, the hinder one being the smallest and of a pearly 
 white hue ; the fore laterals pale greyish ; the fore centrals are 
 seated on a rather strong tubercular prominence, and are dark 
 coloured and not easily seen. The hinder row is much more 
 strongly curvod than the anterior one ; the eyes of the latter are 
 near together, but not contiguous ; the interval between the fore 
 centrals being very small, while that between each and the fore- 
 lateral on its side is little greater. 
 
 The legs are short, moderately strong, 1.2.4.3, but the differ- 
 ence between 2 and 4 is very slight. Their colour is yellow, the 
 tibiee tinged with brownish-orange and much stronger than the 
 metatarsi. The extreme point of the metatarsi and the fore half 
 of the tarsi are black. Their armature consists of hairs, and a 
 very few prominent and rather strong bristles only. None of 
 the latter are, however, sufficiently strong to be called a spine ; 
 the tarsal claws are rather weak. 
 
 The palpi are slender, short, of a yellowish colour, tipped with 
 blackish, and furnished with coarse bristles. 
 
429 
 
 The falces are moderate in length and strongth, vertical, and 
 similar to the legs in colour ; the denticulations being very 
 minute. 
 
 The maxillse are of a dull yellowish hue, and the labium is 
 rather darker coloured. 
 
 The sternum is of a somewhat subtriangular form, yellow 
 along the middle, with a broad, dark yellowish brown border. 
 
 The abdomen is very large, globular, and projects greatly 
 over the base of the cephalo-thorax. It is very thinly clothed 
 with hairs, and is of a shining silvery white colour, with a 
 golden tinge on the middle of the upper side, and clouded in 
 parts with a pale brownish claret hue, forming a definite though 
 not a very strongly marked pattern ; and the whole surface is 
 covered with an irregular network of fine dusky lines. On the 
 fore part of the upper side is a ring, formed by a band of a 
 pale claret colour ; the enclosed space bears a darkish cruciform 
 marking ; this is followed by a somewhat dagger-shaped mark- 
 ing of a similar hue, which runs into a largo quadrate dull 
 claret-coloured area; this area is rathor the palest along the 
 middle, and at the fore extremity, but reaches quite to the 
 spinners, on each side, a little above which there is a largish 
 silvery blotch, with another, smaller one, still nearer to the 
 spinners. Tho sides are marked with a strong, oblique, claret- 
 coloured stripe or band. The under side is reddish-brown. The 
 spinners are short and compact, the four outer ones equal in 
 length. The gonital aperture is rather large, of a transverse 
 somewhat oval form, and placed behind a strong, shining, black 
 prominence. 
 
 A single example of this very pretty and distinct littlo spider 
 was found among low herbage on the edge of a watery swamp 
 noar Bloxworth on the 30th of June, 1879. It is closely allied 
 to Thcridion gcmmosum, L. Koch, but on comparison with types 
 of that spider received from Dr. L. Koch I think it is of a 
 distinct species. The colouring and pattern are different ; the 
 tibia) of the first pair of legs appear to be rather longer and 
 
430 
 
 stouter, and the interval between the eyes of the hind central pair 
 is slightly greater. 
 
 Sinco the example above described was found I have met with 
 (on the 11th of September, 1879) eight egg-cocoons of this little 
 spider. These were all attached, by a very slender silken stalk, 
 to the under sides of the leaves of rhododendrons growing on the 
 banks of the same swamp, not far from the spot where tho 
 spider was found, and at a height of about five to seven feet 
 from the ground. They are smooth, of a pear shape, and of a 
 dull yellowish-brown colour ; a small portion, at the smaller end 
 immediately connected with the stalk, being of a dull whitish hue. 
 The eight cocoons found varied a little in size, measuring from 
 1J to 1£ line in length to the white portion, and from rather 
 under 1 line to 1 J in breadth at the widest part. The length 
 of the stalk varies considerably ; no two of the eight 
 cocoons met with were alike, but measured from 7 to 1 9 lines ; 
 and, curiously enough, tho smallest cocoon had tho longest stalk. 
 Hanging mid-air from beneath the leaves, these pretty little 
 cocoons had a rather striking and conspicuous appearance. 
 Although I did not find the spider with any of the cocoons I feel 
 no doubt but that they are the product of Theridiosoma argenteolum. 
 They are very like the one figured of T. gemmosum by Dr. L. 
 Koch (1. c), but are paler coloured and less globular, being of a 
 rather more elongate form. 
 
 GENUS NEEIENE, Blachw. 
 NEEIENE CORNIGERA. 
 
 Nemene cormgeka, Blachw., 1. c., p. 273, pi. xix., fig. 187. 
 
 Length of the male 1 line. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is brownish-yellow, slightly raised at the 
 ocular region, and the falces divergent. The legs are slender 
 (4.1.2.3.) and similar to the cephalo-thorax in colour, the tibia) of 
 the first and second pairs being deep blackish-brown. The 
 cubital and radial joints of the palpus are short, the radial joint 
 
431 
 
 is strongest, prominent at its fore extremity on the upper side, 
 and furnished with several long black bristles at its base. The 
 digital joint is oval, -with a long, conical, horn-like process at its 
 base. The end of this process extends backwards to the 
 extremity of the cubital joint, and terminates with several strong 
 black bristles bent backwards. Palpal organs prominent and 
 complex. Abdomen dark dull brown. 
 
 Allied to N. conigera, Cambr. (p. 132), but easily distinguished 
 by the great length of the horn-like process on the digital joint. 
 
 A single example of this exceedingly distinct and remarkable 
 spider, was found by Mr. Blackwall among moss in a wood on 
 Gallt y Ehyg, near Llanrwst, in the autumn of 1854 ; another, 
 also an adult male, among coarso grass and rushes in a swamp 
 near Bloxworth by my son, Robert Jocelyn, on the 28th April, 
 1879 ; and two others among moss in the same neighbourhood in 
 October, 1879, and April, 1880. 
 
 NERIENE EEPROBA. 
 
 Neriene uetooba, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 1879, ser. 
 5, vol. 4, p. 126, pi. xii., fig. 2. 
 
 Length of the adult male very nearly 1£ lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a dusky yellow-brown colour marked 
 with converging lateral indistinct markings of a deeper hue ; its 
 convexity is moderate ; the lateral marginal compression at the 
 caput scarcely visible, and the profile line forms a gradual and 
 pretty even curve from the hinder extremity to the eyes. The 
 height of the clypeus slightly exceeds half that of the facial 
 Bpace. 
 
 The eyes are in the usual position, placed on black tubercular 
 spots, and form an area whose transverse measurement is about 
 double that of tho longitudinal diameter. They are of moderate 
 size and do not differ groatly from each other in that respect ; 
 and the curves (opposite to each other) of the two rows (of 
 which the anterior is the shortest) are as nearly possible equal. 
 The eyos of the hind-central pair are separated by an intorval of 
 
432 
 
 rather more than a diameter, and their distance from the hind- 
 laterals is considerably greater ; those of tho fore-central pair 
 are rathor the smallost of the eight, contiguous to each other, and 
 separated by a diameter's interval from the fore-laterals ; those 
 of each lateral pair are contiguous to each other, and seated 
 obliquely on a strong tubercle. 
 
 The legs are moderate in length and strength; 4.1.2.3. 
 taporing regularly to their extremities, well furnished with 
 coarso, rather prominent hairs, and a few slonder erect bristles 
 and hairs ; they are of a pale dull yellow-brown colour ; rather 
 deepening in hue towards their extremities. 
 
 The palpi are rather short, similar in colour to the legs, 
 excepting the fore part of the radial joint, which is blackish red- 
 brown, and the digital joint which is of a dark yellow-brown 
 hue. The radial is rather shorter, but stronger, than the cubital 
 joint; its fore extremity, on the upper side, is produced, and 
 strongly emarginate, or indented in a circular form leaving two 
 cusps, of which that on the inner side is slightly curved, pointed, 
 and of a corneous appearance; this joint is furnished with 
 coarse hairs and black bristles, of which those on the outer side 
 are most numerous and strongest. The digital joint is furnished 
 thickly with coarse bristles and of moderate size ; its form is oval, 
 with a large roundish lobe at the base on the outer side tinged with 
 red-brown ; and at the middlo of the hinder extremity is a short 
 red-brown, somewhat toothlike, pointed prominence, whose point 
 is directed outwards. The palpal organs are highly developed 
 and complox, a strong, somewhat pointed process, with its inner 
 edge minutely serrated, projects prominently downwards from 
 near their centre, and at their fore extremity on the outer side is 
 another short strong one of a black hue, whose extremity appears 
 to be subdivided into several short divergent projections. 
 
 The falces are similar in colour to the cephalo-thorax, moder- 
 ately long, powerful, vertical, slightly divergent at their ex- 
 tremities, and have each a strong, sharp-pointed tooth-liko 
 process in front, towards the fore extremity on the inner side. 
 The maxillso are strong, especially at their base on the outer 
 
433 
 
 side, where the palpi are inserted, obliquely truncated at their 
 extremity on the outer side, and strongly inclined towards the 
 labium ; this latter is short, and of a somewhat semicircular 
 form. 
 
 The abdomen is oval, rounded before, pointed behind, and 
 moderately convex above ; it is of a dull sooty yellowish-brown 
 hue, clothed thinly with coarse blackish hairs. 
 
 This spider is allied to Neriene livida, Blackw., but may be 
 easily distinguished by the tooth-like process on the falces, and 
 the absence of the red-brown impressed spots on the upper side 
 of the abdomen, as well as by the totally different structure of 
 the palpi and palpal organs. It is also allied to Neriene 
 ( DrepanodusJ albipunctata, Cambr., but the bifid termination of 
 the tooth-like process on the falces of the latter, the armature 
 of the tibise of the first and second pairs of legs, the wide 
 separation of the fore central eyes will, with some other important 
 differences, distinguish that spider at once from the present one. 
 
 A single example of the adult male was found under a stone 
 at Eingstead (on the coast between Weymouth and Whitenose) 
 in April, 1879, by my nephew, Frederick 0. P. Cambridge. 
 
 NEHIENE UNCATA. 
 
 Neriene tjnoata, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 546, pi. 
 xlvi., fig. 17. 
 
 Adult male length rather more than 1£ lines; the female 
 being slightly larger. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of an oblong form, broadest behind ; 
 the occiput being rather abruptly raised or gibbous, and fur- 
 nished with numerous longish erect bristly hairs. Its colour is 
 a deep rich, blackish, red-brown. The ocular area is broad, 
 occupying the whole width of the caput and forming a flattish 
 transverse space in front of the occipital gibbosity. The eyes of 
 each lateral pair are seated on a strong tubercle. The interval 
 between those of the hind central pair is equal to rather more 
 than an eye's diameter, and much less than that which separates 
 
434 
 
 each from the hind-lateral eye on its side. The height of the 
 clypeus, which is vertical, and has no impression, is equal to 
 half that of the facial space. 
 
 The legs are tolerably long, and moderately strong. They 
 are of a brightish red-brown colour, furnished with hairs and 
 bristles, and several erect, slender, spine-like bristles on the 
 femora and tibiae. The relative length of those of the male 
 appear to be 4.1.2.3., and those of the female 1.4.2.3., the 
 difference between those of the first and fourth pairs not being 
 very great in either sex. 
 
 The palpi are of moderate length, and, excepting the digital 
 joints which are deep brown, similar to the legs in colour. The 
 cubital joint is short and rather bent ; the radial joint is also 
 short, but much stronger than the cubital, and has its fore- 
 extremity produced into a strong, prominent, tapering-pointed, 
 curved apophysis, directed rather inwards, and with its extreme 
 point more or less strongly bent or hooked ; on the inside this 
 apophysis is hollowed or grooved. The digital joint is of 
 moderate size and ordinary form. The palpal organs are well 
 developed, but not very complex ; at their base, on the outer side> 
 immediately beneath the radial joint, is a small process, with a 
 tuft of strong black bristles issuing from it. These bristles are 
 usually so closely grouped together as to appear like a single 
 black curved spine ; a strongish black spine issues from the base 
 of the palpal organs, runs round their outer side, and curves 
 round in a sharp filiform point beneath the fore-extremity of 
 the digital joint. 
 
 The falces are rather long, strong, vertical, prominent near 
 their base in front, armed with strong teeth, and (together with 
 the maxillee, labium, and sternum) similar to the cephalo-thorax 
 in colour. 
 
 The abdomen is of a short-oval form, and in the male projects 
 
 but slightly over the base of the cephalo-thorax ; it is glossy, 
 
 clothed with dark hairs, and of a dull, dark, blackish-brown 
 
 hue tinged with yellow. 
 
 In the female the abdomen projects considerably above the 
 
435 
 
 thorax ; the occipital gibbosity is also less strong. The eyes of 
 the hind central pair are nearer to the laterals than in the male. 
 The genital aperture is rather small, of a somewhat triangular 
 form, with a kind of flap of a similar form overlapping its fore 
 part, the apex of the triangle being directed backwards. I met 
 with a female of this fine and very distinct species among dead 
 rushes in a swamp near Bloxworth, on the 12th of April, 1880. 
 Some years ago both sexes were sent to me from Northumber- 
 land by Mr. James Hardy; and from Scotland by Professor 
 Traill, of the University of Aberdeen. 
 
 NERIENE VIVA. 
 
 Erwone viva, Cambr., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 330, pi. xliv., 
 fig. 5 ; and Ann. and Mag. N. H. 1879, 
 ser. 5, vol. 4, p. 210. 
 
 Length of the adult male § rds of a line. 
 
 Oephalo-thorax brownish yellow ; it is of ordinary form, and 
 the lateral constrictions at the caput are slight ; the profile line 
 forms a tolerably even curve, the highest point of which is at 
 the occiput. The height of the clypeus is equal to half that of the 
 facial space, and projects a little forwards at its lower margin. 
 The ocular area is furnished with a few prominent hairs, and a 
 few similar ones are disposed in a central, longitudinal lino, run- 
 ning backwards from the hind central eyes. 
 
 The eyes are of tolerable size, nearly equal ; those of the 
 hinder row are equidistant from each other ; the intervals being 
 equal to an eye's diameter ; those of the anterior row are almost 
 contiguous to each other; the interval between either of the 
 centrals of the anterior row and the lateral on its side being 
 very small, while there is none between the centrals. The 
 interval between each fore-central eye and the hind-central 
 opposite to it is equal to the diameter of the latter. The eyes 
 of each lateral pair are, as usual, contiguous and obliquely 
 placed. 
 
 The legs are moderate in longth and strongth, 1.4.2.3., rather 
 
436 
 
 paler and clearer in colour than the cephalo-thorax, furnished 
 with hairs, and a few slender erect bristles. 
 
 The palpi are similar in colour to the legs, rather short and 
 slender. The cubital joint is short and bent downwards ; the 
 radial is still shorter, but has its fore extiemity prominently 
 produced into a rather long, strong, tapering apophysis, whose 
 point, when looked at in profile, is slightly hooked ; about the 
 middle of the outer side of this apophysis is a prominent, some- 
 what toothlike projection, and from the inner side of the joint 
 there projects another small, pointed, and slightly curved 
 apophysis. The digital joint is small, with a lobe on its outer 
 side. The palpal organs are well developed, and moderatoly 
 complex ; at thtir base on the outer side is a largo, somewhat 
 eubtriangular corneous process, and at their extremity are 
 several small, prominent, black, corneous processes of different 
 sizes. 
 
 The falces are similar in colour to the cephalo-thorax ; toler- 
 ably long and strong, and nearly vertical. Each has a strong, 
 curved, but not very sharp toothlike process in front towards the 
 extremity on the inner side directed downwards, and on the 
 inner margin below it are several minute denticulations. The 
 maxilla?, labium, and sternum are of rather a darker colour than 
 the cephalo-thorax, but present no unusual feature. The 
 abdomen is short-oval, tolerably convex above, thinly clothed 
 with hairs, and of a yellow-brown colour tinged with olive. 
 
 Two adult males of this spider were found among grass and 
 rushes in a swamp near Bloxworth, on the 16th of May, 1879, 
 and numerous examples of both sexes among moss near the 
 same spot in October and Novomber of the same year. The 
 female resembles the male very closely in colours, but is slightly 
 larger. The form of the radial apophysis and the strong tooth 
 on the fore side noar the extremity of the falces in the male are 
 very strong and distinctive characters. Previously its only 
 known localities were at Chaville (near Paris) and Troyes in 
 France. 
 This species is nearly allied to JVeriene dolosa, Cambr. (p. 126.) 
 
437 
 
 found in the same locality ; but the latter spider differs in the 
 form of the radial joint of the palpus, and has no tooth like 
 that noted on the falces of Neri'ene viva. 
 
 NERIENE DILUTA. 
 
 Erigone diltjta, Cambr., Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 331, pi. xliv., 
 fig. 6. 
 
 Length of the male from l-18th to l-16th of an inch, the 
 female being a little larger. 
 
 This obscure little spider is nearly allied to Linyphia Fredcrici, 
 Cambr. (p, 186), and to L.oblivia, Cambr. (p. 214), but it is, I 
 think, quite distinct from both of them. 
 
 It may be distinguished from Linyphia Fredcrici by the follow- 
 ing differences : — the ocular area is narrowor f rom back to front ; 
 the height of the clypeus is nearly or quite equal to half that of the 
 facial space, while in Linyphia Fredcrici it is distinctly less ; the 
 spines on the legs are not quite so long nor so strong, being in 
 fact scarcely, if anything, more than mere bristles ; and the 
 abdomen is nearly globular instead of ovi-form. The differences 
 noted above in respect to the width of the ocular area, the form 
 of the abdomen, and the height of the clypeus, will also serve 
 to distinguish this spider from Linyphia oblivia. 
 
 The eyes are rather closely grouped together, and the interval 
 between each of those of the hind central pair and the fore- 
 central eye nearest to it, is less than that which separates the 
 hind-centrals. 
 
 The digital joints of the palpi are of moderate size, and the 
 palpal organs are complex ; a noticeable feature in these organs 
 is furnished by a long, slender, dark-coloured, corneous process, 
 running along, but generally just free from their outer side, and 
 slightly angularly bent in the middle ; a correspondingly situated 
 process in Linyphia Fredcrici is stronger and of a simply and 
 regularly curved form. 
 
438 
 
 The female resembles the male in form and colours. The 
 genital aperture is small, and has only a slightly prominent, and 
 inconspicuous process connected with it. 
 
 Adults of both sexes were found in tolerable abundance 
 among moss in a fir plantation near Bloxworth in October, 1879. 
 This is its first record as a British spider. In 1875 I received it 
 from France (where it appears to bo not uncommon) from 
 Monsieur Eugene Simon. I have placed it here in the Genus 
 Neriene, though it is one of those generically obscure spiders 
 which on a thorough revision of Linyphia and Neriene, must bo 
 placed (with some others) in a separate genus. 
 
 NERIENE DEMISSA, Sp. n. 
 
 Length of the adult female scarcely, if at all, over Jrds of 
 a line, or l-18th of an inch. 
 
 The whole of the fore part of this minute spider is yellow ; 
 the legs strongly tinged with brownish red ; the colour of the 
 abdomen being olive brown, closely freckled with yellowish 
 points ; these (together with some other pale lines and markings 
 on the upper side) are probably only (or chiefly) visible when in 
 spirits of wine. The cophalo-thorax is distinctly margined with a 
 black line ; and the sides are marked with a dusky, sub-marginal, 
 indistinct, suffused line, besides some dusky, converging bars. 
 The lateral, marginal constrictions at the caput are slight ; and, 
 when looked at in the profile, the nearly level line from the caput 
 to the thoracic indentation is broken by a slight notch, or dip, 
 close behind the eyes, and another just behind the occiput; the 
 point whero the posterior slopo begins being somewhat prominent. 
 The eyes are small, and closely grouped together; those of the 
 two lateral pairs and the fore-central pair form a curved line of 
 six contiguous eyes. The interval botweon those of the hind- 
 central pair is equal to a diameter, and that between each and 
 the hind-lateral • eye on its side is scarcely more than half a 
 diameter. The ocular aroa is strongly suffused with black ; and 
 immediately behind the interval between each of the hind- 
 
489 
 
 central eyes, and the hind-lateral eye next to it, is a shallow 
 impression, which, being partly edged with black, is very 
 perceptible from above. The height of the clypeus is less than 
 half that of the facial space. 
 
 The legs are moderately long (4.1.2.3.), slender, furnished with 
 hairs and a few erect bristles, ono issuing from near the middle 
 of each of the tibiae of the fourth pair being longer than the rest, 
 and of a spinous nature. The falces are moderately long, toler- 
 ably strong, straight, and a Uttle inclined to the maxillae, which 
 (with the labium) present no noticeable feature. 
 
 The abdomen is of a short-oval form, with a considerable 
 upper convexity. It is thinly clothed with coarsish hairs, and 
 projects a Uttle over the base of the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 The genital aperture is small and margined with brightish 
 red-brown. From its anterior margin a long, slender, nearly 
 cylindrical, slightly bent, diaphanous process (or epigyne), 
 extends backwards in close proximity to the inferior surface of 
 the abdomen. The point of this process reaches half way 
 between the fore extremity of the abdomen and the spinners, 
 which last are very short and of a pale dull yellowish hue. 
 
 A single example of this very characteristic little spider, which 
 is allied to Neriene diluta, Camb-, was found among heather on 
 Bloxworth Heath, in October, 1878. 
 
 The long slender genital process distinguishes it readily from 
 all others of this group yet known to me. 
 
 NERIENE NEFARIA. 
 
 Neriene nefaria, Camlr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1879, ser. 
 5, vol. 4., p. 200, pi. xii., fig. 4. 
 
 Adult male length 1 line. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of ordinary form. The marginal con- 
 striction on each side of the caput is slight, the occiput a little 
 rounded, and with only a slight depression between it and the 
 thoracic indentation. The oblique grooves marking the junction 
 of the caput and thorax are strong, and, together with those on 
 
440 
 
 the thorax, are marked with dusky-black converging lines ; the 
 general ground colour being dull greenish-olive yellow-brown, 
 with a black marginal line. The hoight of the clypeus, which 
 is a little gibbous or rounded in profile, is rather more than half 
 that of the facial space. 
 
 The eyes are in two curved rows, well separated from each 
 other, and occupying the whole width of the upper part of the 
 caput ; the curve of the posterior row being the strongest. The 
 longth. of the anterior row is but very slightly shorter than that 
 of the posterior one ; the eyes of each of the lateral pairs are 
 contiguous to each otlwr, and seated on tubercles, being thus 
 but very slightly oblique in their position. The eyes of the 
 posterior row are of equal size, and separated by equal intervals 
 of no more than a diameter's extent. Those of the fore-central 
 pair are near together, but not quite contiguous to each other ; 
 the fore-laterals are the largest of the eight, and distant from 
 the fore-centrals by about the diameter of the latter. The four 
 central eyes form a narrow trapezoid, the anterior side of which 
 is shorter than the posterior. 
 
 The legs are rather short, tolerably strong, their relative 
 length 4.1.2.3. ; they are of a clear yellow colour, furnished with 
 coarse hairs and a fair number of short, erect, fine bristles, 
 mostly on the tibise and metatarsi of the first two pairs ; a single 
 stronger bristle also springs from the anterior extremity of the 
 genual joints. The palpi are similar in colour and armature to 
 the legs. 
 
 The falces are vertical, moderate in length and strength, 
 divergent at their extremities, and similar in colour to the 
 cephalo-thorax. 
 
 The maxillse are strong, and a little inclined to the labium, 
 which is broad but short ; these parts are similar in colour to 
 the falces. The sternum is heart-shaped and of a deeper hue. 
 
 The abdomen is of moderate size, and of a broadish oviform 
 shape ; it is of a dull blackish colour, palest underneath, and 
 pretty thickly clothed with coarse hairs. The process connected 
 with the genital aperture is rather prominent, of a red brown 
 
441 
 
 hue, and of characteristic form. A little way in front of the 
 spinners, beneath the extremity of the abdomen, is a very dis- 
 tinct, transverse slit, or narrow opening, of considerable length ; 
 this, without a doubt, is the orifice of an extra spiracular organ, 
 and forms a very strong specific character in the present spider, 
 even if it be of no greater systematic significance. 
 
 A single example was found at the roots of herbage on the 
 ledge of tho cliffs bordering the Smallmouth Sands, near Wey- 
 mouth, on the occasion of the meeting of the Dorset Natural 
 History and Antiquarian Field Club on the 2nd of July, 1879. 
 
 NERIENE PYGM.EA. 
 
 Neriene pygioea, Blackw., I.e., p. 261, pi. xviii., fig. 177. 
 
 Erigone barbata, TJior., Diagn. Aran. Europ. Tijds. Ent. xviii., 
 
 1875, p. 89 ; and, Svenska Vet-Akad., 
 
 Handl. Bd. 13, No. 5, p. 43 ; and Cambr., 
 
 Ann. and Mag., N.H., ser. 5, vol. iv., 
 
 1879, p. 210. 
 
 Length of the adult male rather less than 1 line. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is but very slightly constricted on the sides 
 
 at the caput, which is well rounded above and obtuse in front ; 
 
 its profile line from the eyes backwards is even, and in a 
 
 gradually sloping, but very slight, curve ; the occiput is very 
 
 slightly gibbous, and, as well as the ocular area and clypeus, is 
 
 clothed, but not at all densely, with rather coarse, pale hairs, 
 
 directed forwards. Tho height of the clypeus is greater than 
 
 half that of the facial space. The eyes are small and in the 
 
 ordinary position ; those of the hind-central pair are much 
 
 nearer together than each is to the hind-lateral eye on its side, 
 
 being dividod by an interval of scarcely 1£ diameters. The 
 
 colour of the cephalo-thorax is a deep, shining, black-brown, 
 
 that of the legs, which are slonder and not very long, 4.1.2.3., is 
 
 a bright reddish, orange -yellow, and the abdomen is of a dull 
 
 black hue. 
 
 Tho surface of the thorax and sides of the caput, when seen 
 through a strongish lens, appears to be (like that of many other 
 
442 
 
 species) thickly but exceedingly finely sculptured with minute 
 strise. 
 
 The palpi are short, the cubital and radial joints very short ; 
 the latter is the strongest, but has no projection or apophysis, 
 being only furnished with hairs and several longish bristles in 
 front, rather on the outer side. The digital joint is rather small, 
 with a large lobe on the outer side, towards the hinder extremity. 
 Tho palpal organs are complex, but do not present any very 
 noteworthy feature. 
 
 On the 9th of July, 1863, I found an adult male near Sher- 
 borne, running on tho Yeovil Road. This species, which was 
 inadvertently omitted in the former part of the work, is also 
 found among grass in old pastures as well as on railings and 
 footpaths, in Lancashire, North Wales, and several parts of 
 Scotland, as far north as Eosshire. There is now I think no 
 doubt of its identity with Erigone larbata, Thor., I.e., though at 
 tho time of the publication of my paper (Ann. and Mag. N. H., 
 1879), I believed it to bo distinct. 
 
 NERIENE IMPEOBA. 
 
 Neriene impeoba, Camlr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1879, ser. 
 5, vol. 4, p. 202, pi. xii., fig. 6. 
 
 Length of male 1-1 4th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dark black-brown, tinged with an olive- 
 greenish hue. Ocular area somewhat produced forwards, but 
 with no eminence or elevation on the caput ; profile lovel, the 
 dip between the caput and thorax very slight. 
 
 The eyes are at the extremity of the caput. The four centrals 
 describe a square, whose posterior side is longer than the rest. 
 The position of the fore-central and lateral pairs is rather diffi- 
 cult to make out, owing to their indistinctness, but the interval 
 between the eyes of the former considerably exceeds a diameter. 
 
 Legs moderately long, slender, yellow. 
 
 Palpi short ; digital joint and palpal organs very large, the 
 rest very slender. The cubital joint is very short ; the radial 
 
443 
 
 stronger and considerably produced in front, in a somewhat 
 curved form, over the base of the digital joint, pointing out- 
 wards ; its extremity being deeply cleft, or bifid ; the posterior 
 portion of tbe bifid part is prominent, and tipped with a small 
 reddish-brown point ; the anterior portion is obtuse, and adheres 
 more closely to the digital joint. Palpal organs complex, but 
 tolerably compact ; and at thoir oxtremity is a very small, fine, 
 brown spine, curved in a circular form, but almost concealed in 
 a membranous substance. 
 
 Abdomen black and glossy. 
 
 A single example was received from Mr. T. Workman, of 
 Belfast, by whom it was found near that city, and kindly sent to 
 me among some other spiders taken in the same locality. Sub- 
 sequently (May 15, 1879) an adult and immature males were 
 found at Bloxworth under some bricks in the Eectory yard. In 
 the form and structure of the palpi and palpal organs this 
 spider bears much general resemblance to Walckenaera erythropus, 
 Westr., but the entire absence of any elevation on the caput 
 distinguishes it at a glance from that species. The portion of 
 the structure also in the palpi of that spider corresponding to 
 the posterior part of the bifid extremity of the digital joint, 
 emerges very distinctly from beneath the joint, while in the 
 present species it appears to form part of the upper side of it. 
 
 GENUS WALCKENAEEA, Blaclcw. 
 
 WALCKENAERA INGRATA, Sp. n. 
 
 Adult male ; length 1-1 6th to l-18th of an inch, that of the 
 female being a little more. 
 
 The caput of the male of this minute spider has no distinct 
 elevation. Tho length of the hinder (or thoracic) slope is as 
 nearly as possible equal to tho length of the caput, and there is 
 a very slight depression (visible in profile) at the occiput. From 
 immediately behind each hind-lateral eye a distinct, long, taper- 
 ing, slightly curved indentation runs backwards, its fine point 
 directed to the occipital depression. The height of the clypeus is 
 
444 
 
 distinctly less than half that of the facial space, and a few fino 
 hut prominent bristles directed forwards form a central longitu- 
 dinal line on the top of the caput. The colour of the cephalo- 
 thorax is a dull yellowish-brown. 
 
 The eyes of the posterior row form a strong curve, while the 
 anterior row is nearly straight, so that (when looked at from in 
 front) each of the hind-central eyes taken with the fore-laterals 
 form an isosceles triangle ; the eyes of the hind-central pair are 
 soparated by rather less, or at least no more, than an eye's 
 diameter, and are distinctly nearer to each other than each is to 
 the hind-lateral eye on its side ; the eyes of the fore-central pair 
 are the smallest, very indistinct, contiguous to each other, and 
 separated from the fore-laterals by less than a diameter's inter- 
 val ; the four central eyes f orm a trapezoid whose posterior width 
 is distinctly less than its length, or perhaps (including the width 
 of the eyes) nearly or about equal to it. 
 
 The legs are rather short, slender, of a slightly reddish yellow- 
 brown hue furnished with hairs, among which are a very few 
 slender erect bristly ones. The articulations of the different 
 joints being a little paler than the rest give the legs a some- 
 what annulated appearance. 
 
 The palpi are short, and similar in colour to the legs. The 
 radial is shorter, but rather stronger than the cubital joint, and 
 has at the middle of its fore extremity on the upper side a 
 minute, pointed, prominent process. The digital joint is very 
 small, and the palpal organs present no very noticeable processes. 
 
 The falces are rather weak, and of moderate length, straight, 
 perpendicular, and armed with a few very minute teeth near 
 their extremity on the inner sides ; their colour is similar to that 
 of the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 The maxillae and labium are of normal form, and similar in 
 colour to the falces ; the sternum being slightly suffused with 
 blackish. 
 
 The abdomen is oviform, considerably convex above, but 
 scarcoly projecting over tho base of the cephalo-thorax ; its 
 colour is a dull olive-brown, its surface glossy and also thinly 
 
445 
 
 clothed with fine hairs. Immediately in front of tho spinners 
 is a transverse slit-like fold, which is probably the external 
 orifice of a spiracular organ. 
 
 The female is rather larger, but resembles the male in colours 
 and general characteristics ; the ocular area, however, appears to 
 be a little flatter, and tho interval between the eyes of the hind- 
 central pair equal to, if not slightly greater, than that between 
 each and the hind-lateral eye next to it. 
 
 Adults of both sexes of this little spidor wore found among 
 moss in a fir plantation at Bloxworth, in October, 1879. It is 
 closely allied to Walckenaera proecox, Cambr. (p. 143), but among 
 other slight differences, the cephalo-thorax of the latter 
 is distinctly broader in proportion to its length ; the hinder 
 slope is less steep, and its colour is of a clearer, brighter, 
 yellow-brown ; the height of the clypeus is also greater, being 
 more nearly equal to half that of the facial space, and tho 
 abdomen projects distinctly, though not greatly, over the base of 
 the cephalo-thorax. It is also nearly allied to Walckenaera 
 subitanea, Cambr. (p. 144), but the marks of distinction in that 
 spider from W. proecox (given p. 144) will serve to distinguish it 
 from the present species. It may also bo remarked that in W. 
 subitanea the abdomen projects very considerably and closely 
 over the thorax, almost covering its entire slope. The falces 
 also are stronger, and the indentations running back from the 
 hind-lateral oyes are quite straight. 
 
 WALCKENAERA NUDIPALPIS. 
 
 Erigone nudipalpis, Westr., Aran. Suec, p. 201. 
 
 Walckenaera nudipalpis, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 
 461. 
 
 Length of the male rather more than 1 J lines, that of tho 
 femalo 2 lines. 
 
 The colour of the cophalo-thorax of this fine species is a deep 
 rich black-brown. The caput is a little elevated, but has no 
 distinct ominonco. Tho hoight of tho clypeus (which projects 
 
446 
 
 forwards gradually to its lower margin) considerably exceeds 
 half that of the facial space, and, when looked at in profile, 
 there is a distinct, though not very great, dip or impression just 
 behind the occiput 
 
 The eyes are of tolerable size, and rather closely grouped 
 together ; the interval between those of the hind-central pair is 
 greater than that between each of them, and the hind-lateral eye 
 next to it. 
 
 The legs are rather long, and tolerably strong (4.1.2.3), of a 
 bright reddish orange-yellow colour, furnished with short fine 
 hairs, and a very few erect ones on their anterior sides. 
 
 The palpi are long, similar to the legs in colour, excepting the 
 radial and digital joints, which are of a black-brown hue. The 
 cubital joint is long, somewhat clavate, and clothed with exceed- 
 ingly short fine hairs ; the radial is short and small, and has at 
 its fore extremity on the upper side a strong, somewhat bifid, 
 apophysis ; on the outer side is another more slender one pro- 
 jecting at right angles, straight, terminating with a small, sharp 
 curved claw, and with a small somewhat tubercular prominonce 
 near its extremity in front. The radial joint also projects strongly 
 and in a curved form at its oxtremity behind, and has thus a 
 remarkable appearance, being very like a bird's foot with strong 
 spreading toes or claws. Tho digital joint is large, and the 
 palpal organs very prominent and complex, with a strong, but 
 not very long, circularly curved, black spine closely adhering to 
 their extremity on the outer side. 
 
 The folces are neither very long nor strong, their colour being 
 like that of the cephalo-thorax. The maxilta and labium are 
 dark brown and the sternum blackish. 
 
 The abdomon is of a short-oval form, of a dull blackish-brown 
 colour, pretty thickly clothed with short hairs, and projects 
 fairly over the base of the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 The female resembles the male in form and colours. The 
 whole palpi in this sex are of a blackish hue. 
 
 Adult males and females of this spider were found among 
 moss in a fir plantation near Bloxworth in October, 1879, and 
 
447 
 
 adult fomalos, but no males, in April, 1880. I had previously 
 received it from Paisloy (near Glasgow) and Borwiokshiro, and 
 from Wiclcen Fen noar Cambridge ; but it appears to bo a rare 
 spider, as only a singlo example was found in each of the throe 
 latter localities. 
 
 WALCKENAERA OBTUSA. 
 
 Walckenaera obtusa, Blaokw., I.e., p. 224, pi. xx., fig. 208. 
 
 Length of the adult malo l-7th of an inch, that of the fomalo 
 being 1-0 1 li . 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of this fine spocios is of a deep brownish- 
 black colour ; the surface, excopting the upper part of the caput, 
 being covered with small puncturos and striae. The caput is 
 rather raised, and the ocular region a little prominent, but there 
 is no special elevation or protuberance. 
 
 The eyes are of moderate and nearly equal size, and rather 
 closely grouped together ; those of the posterior row are 
 separated by about equal intervals rather exceeding a diamotor's 
 extent. The height of the clypeus equals (if it does not exceed) 
 two-thirds of that of the facial spaco, and projects forwards 
 gradually to its lower margin. 
 
 The legs are modorately long and strong, 1.4.2.3, of a bright 
 orange-red colour, and furnished with fine hairs. 
 
 The palpi are long, the humeral and cubital joints similar to 
 the legs in colour ; the latter joint is long, clavate and furnished 
 with short black hairs. The radial joint is short, blackish-brown, 
 with a long, strongish, peculiarly shaped apophysis at its fore 
 extremity rather on the inner side, and another more prominent, 
 but shorter, more taporing and obtusely pointed, on the outer side, 
 tho point being furnished with several contiguous, short, strong, 
 spine-liko bristles. Between these two apophyses is a short, 
 sharp-pointed thorn-like prominence. Beneath the radial joint 
 there is, also, a third apophysis, but much smaller and less con- 
 spicuous than tho others. The digital joint is large, and of a deep 
 brownish-black hue. The palpal organs aro complex, and sur- 
 
448 
 
 rounded, towards their extremity od the outer side with a long, 
 strong, black spino, forming a very largo, conspicuous double 
 coil, within which is a quantity of whitish mombrane. 
 
 The abdomon is oval, and projects well over the baso of the 
 cephalo-thorax ; its colour is glossy black furnished thinly with 
 hairs. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Walckcndera nudipalpis, Westr., 
 which it rosombles in general appoaranco and colours, but it may 
 be at once distinguished by a different formation of tho palpi, 
 especially tho form of the outer apophysis of the radial joint, 
 which in W. nudipalpis is slenderer, more prominent, and ends 
 with a small sharp-curved claw, and has, noar its extremity in 
 front, a small somewhat tubercular prominence. Tho radial 
 joint itself is also shorter and stronger, and the surface of the 
 cephalo-thorax is more coarsely striatod or sculptured. 
 
 I met with an adult nialo among moss in Berowood on the 6th 
 of April, 1880 ; the only previous example known having been 
 found by Mr. Blackwall many years ago in North "Wales ; and 
 on tho 1st of May, 1880, I found an adult female among moss in 
 a wood at Bloxworth. This sox resembles the male in colours 
 and general characters ; it is also very like the female of W. 
 nudipalpis, but is larger and differs in the form of the genital 
 aperture. 
 
 WALCKENAERA PROMINDLA. 
 
 Ebigone pkominula, Cambr., Proc. Zool. Soc, 1872, p. 750, pi. 
 lxv., fig. 4. 
 
 Length of the male 1 line. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of a deep brown-black hue ; tho caput 
 elevated and prominent, but with no distinct eminence ; its 
 summit is truncated and slopes forwards, and the slope of the 
 occipital region is rather abrupt. The eyes are grouped in four 
 pairs round the summit of the caput, but there is no indenta- 
 tion behind those of the lateral pairs. The legs are moderate 
 in longth and strength, 4.1.2.3., and their co^ur is yellow, 
 
449 
 
 tiuged with orange. The palpi aro short, and vory similar in 
 colour to tho legs, the radial and digital joints being brownish. 
 The radial and cubital joints are very short; the former is the 
 strongest, and produced at its fore extremity into a pointed 
 apophysis, with another shorter, sharper, and prominent one on 
 the outer side. The palpal organs aro moderately complex, and 
 have a fine filiform spine curvod in a circular form at their 
 extremity rather on the outer side. The abdomen is black. 
 
 In the form of the caput there is some affinity to Walcken&era 
 humilis, Blaekw. (p. 150), but this part is smaller though more 
 elevated than in that species. A single example of tho male 
 was found at Newhaven, Sussox, On furze bushes when in bloom 
 in June, 1871, but originally I received the spocies from Bavaria. 
 Very lately — May 21, 1880 — I met with sevoral examples of the 
 adult male among heather on Bloxworth Heath. 
 
 WALCKENAEltA JUCUNDISSIMA, Sp. n. 
 
 Adult male, length 1 line ; that of the female being rather 
 greater. 
 
 The cophalo-thorax of tho male of this very distinct species is 
 glossy, and of a deep blackish, olive-brown colour ; the caput is 
 rather elevated, and has a distinct, roundish, knob-like eminence 
 on tho summit of the fore part. When looked at in profile the 
 anterior face of the eminence is rather flatter or less prominent 
 than tho posterior, or occipital portion. The general form of the 
 caput is not unlike that of Walcken&era nudipalpis, with the 
 addition of the knob or eminence on its summit. 
 
 The eyes are not vory unequal in size, those of tho hind-lateral 
 pair aro placed near together, but not quite contiguous to each 
 other, towards tho fore part of the summit of the cephalic knob ; 
 while those of the othor three pairs form a continuous, curved, or 
 somicircular row, the eyes of which aro contiguous to each other, 
 immediately below the knob. 
 
 The legs are not very long (4.1.2.3), but moderately strong, 
 
450 
 
 of a bright orange-yellow colour, and clothed with fine hairs, of 
 which a fow stand erect along the upper sides. 
 
 The palpi are moderate in length, the cubital joint is rather 
 long, strong, and somewhat clavate. The radial joint is much 
 shorter but strong, and has its inner side produced into a longish 
 curved tapering apophysis, whose termination is pointed and 
 appears like a corneous addition to the apophysis ; the outer, as 
 well as the posterior side, of the radial joint are also produced 
 in an obtuse form. The digital joint is large, and, with the 
 radial, of a dark brown colour, the rest of the palpus being 
 similar in colour to the legs. The palpal organs are prominent 
 and complex, with a strong black spine, curvod in a circular 
 form at their extromity on the outer side. 
 
 The falces are neither long nor strong, and aro similar in 
 colour to the cephalo-thorax, as also are the maxillse, labium, 
 and sternum, neither of which present any unusual feature. 
 
 The abdomen is of moderate size, and of a somewhat cjdindric- 
 oval form, of a dull blackish-brown colour, and pretty thickly 
 clothed with fine hairs. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours and general appear- 
 ance, but wants the knob on the caput. Looked at in profile 
 thoro is a considerable dip or depression behind the occiput, 
 gradually running out to the somewhat raised thorax. A similar 
 dip is also observable in tbe male. Each of the eyes of the hind 
 central pair is contiguous to the hind lateral eye on its side ; the 
 rest being (as in the malo) also contiguous to each other. They 
 altogether form nearly a circle, whose posterior side or circumfer- 
 ence is flattened, and has a gap in the middle equal to (apparently) 
 rather less than tho diameter of one of the hind-central eyes. 
 Tho height of the clypeus is less than half that of the facial 
 space. This sex is so very similar to the female of Walckenaera 
 cucullata, 0. Koch, that were it not for a different relative position 
 of the hind-contral eyes, and a slight difference in the form of 
 the genital aperture, it would be very difficult to distinguish them. 
 In this latter species, however, each hind-central eye, instead 
 of being nearly or quito contiguous to the hind-lateral oyo next 
 
451 
 
 to it, is removed from it by a distinct, though not very largo, 
 interval. The ocular aroa of the female of W. cucullata is also 
 larger tb.au that of W. jucundissima, and the abdomen of the 
 latter has a rather more hirsute appearance than that of the 
 former. 
 
 Adults of both sexos of this fine addition to our British list 
 of spiders were found among moss in a fir plantation near Blox- 
 worth in the autumn of 1879. It is allied to Walckeniier a nodosa, 
 Cambr., a spider found in Northumberland, but which may easily 
 be distinguished by the rather different form and more depressed 
 position of the cephalic knob. Both the anterior and posterior 
 parts of this knob (when looked at in profile) are equally 
 rounded in W. nodosa. The ej r es, also, of the hind-central pair, 
 in that species, are placed further back, or more noarly about 
 the middle of the summit of the knob. 
 
 WALCKENAERA CUCULLATA. 
 
 Micryphantes cucullatus, C. Koch, Die Arackn., Bd. iv., p. 45, 
 pi. 89, figs. 200 and 201. 
 
 "Walokenaera cucullata, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 
 461. 
 
 Length of the male 1-1 0th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax bright-blackish red-brown. The caput has a 
 strong eminence on the f oro part, rounded behind and divided by a 
 deep transverse cleft into two very distinct segments ; the anterior 
 segment is much the smallest, of a sub-conical form, surmounted 
 with hairs, and has in front of it the fore-central pair of eyes. 
 The posterior segment, deeply indented on the sides of its base, 
 bears the hind-central pair of eyes, one on each side of the foro 
 part of its summit. 
 
 The logs are of moderate length, and, with the palpi, orango- 
 yellow tinged with red-brown. Cubital joint clavate, radial 
 red-brown, much shorter than the cubital, but of an expanded 
 form, with three apophyses at its extremity ; the longest is in 
 front, somewhat pointod, slightly curved, and directed inwards ; 
 
452 
 
 the next is shorter, more obtuse, but more bent, and directed 
 inwards, and the third and least conspicuous is behind ; digital 
 joint rather large, rod-brown ; palpal organs complex, with a 
 moderate sized, black, fine pointed spine, circularly curved, and 
 closely adhering to the outer side of their fore-extremity. 
 Abdomen black, and of a rather narrow-oval form. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours and general appear- 
 ance, but the caput of course wants the cloft ominonco ; that part 
 is, however, rather elevated, and between it and the thorax is a 
 deep impression, very observablo when seen in profile. The eyes 
 are closely grouped together ; those of the anterior row, together 
 with the lateral pairs, forming an almost uninterrupted curvod 
 line. The interval between each hind-central eye and the 
 hind-lateral next to it is less than that vhich separates the two 
 hind-central eyes from each other. 
 
 A single example of the male was found some years ago in 
 Caen Wood, near London, and sent to me by the late Mr. 
 Richard Beck. Another was met with among moss in Bero 
 "Wood, in April, 1879, by my nephow, Frodorick 0. P. Cambridge, 
 and shortly afterwards I found several fomales among moss in a fir 
 plantation, near Bloxworth. More recently still (in the autumn 
 of 1879 and spring of 1880) I have met with numerous adults of 
 both sexes among moss in the same plantation. It is an exceed- 
 ingly remarkablo spider, and the male can hardly be mistaken 
 for any other known species ; but the female is very similar to 
 that of the last spider described, Walckcnaera jucundissima. It 
 may, howovor, be distinguished without much difficulty by the 
 different relativo position of the eyes. 
 
 GENUS LINYPHIA, Latr. 
 
 LINYPIIIA EELATIVA. 
 
 Linyphia relativa, Cumhr., Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist. 1879, 
 ser. 5, vol. 4, p. 20b. 
 
 Length of an adult male slightly over ope line. 
 Cephalo-thorax broadish-oval, slightly constricted on the 
 
453 
 
 lateral margins at tho caput, of a yellowish colour, slightly tinged 
 with brown and with some lateral converging lines of a deeper 
 hue. The hinder slope is rather abrupt, deeply and broadly 
 indented, and tho profile line of the upper part of the thorax and 
 caput is level, with a very slight impression behind the occiput. 
 The ocular area is a little prominent, and, as well as tho upper 
 part of the caput, which is rather rounded, is thinly furnished 
 with bristly hairs diroctod forwards. Tho height of the clypeus 
 exceeds half that of the facial space. 
 
 The eyes are on black spots ; those of the posterior row are 
 removed from each othor by rather less than an eye's diameter ; 
 those of each lateral pair aro placed obliquely. Those of the 
 fore-oentral pair aro smallest of the eight, and contiguous to each 
 other. Tho fore-central eyes form a square, whose anterior 
 side, however, is much shorter than the rost. 
 
 The legs are long, slender, 1.2.4.3., similar in colour to the 
 cephalo-thorax, f urnishod with hairs and armed with long, rather 
 slender, but distinct, black spines, throe on each of the tibioo 
 of tho socond, third, and fourth pairs, one on the genua, and one 
 on the inner side of the fore extremity of tho femora of the first 
 pair only, the tibioo of this pair having four, and there is a single 
 spine also on each of the metatarsi. 
 
 The palpi are rathor short, and similar to the legs in colour. 
 Tho radial and cubital joints are of oqual length ; the former is 
 much the stronger, and is a little produced at its fore extremity 
 on the upper side ; it is f urnishod with black bristles and hairs, 
 four of the strongest of tho former are curved and tapering, and 
 form noarly a straight line from the base to the extremity of tho 
 joint, tho line being also continuod backwards by another similar 
 bristle at the middle of the fore extremity of the cubital joint. 
 These bristles are all of about the same length and strength. 
 
 The digital joints aro of good size, and have their convex sides 
 directed inwards towards each othor. Each has a large lobe 
 on the outor side, and two small sub-conical prominences at its 
 posterior oxtromity. Tho palpal organs are prominent and com- 
 plex, with a strong subangularly curvod process at thoir base on 
 
454 
 
 the outer side. The posterior extremity of this process is the 
 longest and most prominent, and there are some bristly hairs 
 issuing from the other (or anterior) extremity. 
 
 The falces are moderately strong, rathor long, divergent, a 
 little bent outwards near their fore extremity, and directed 
 backwards, towards the sternum. Their colour is a little 
 browner than that of the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 The colour of the maxilloo is dull yollowish, and the labium 
 and sternum are strongly suffusod with brown. 
 
 The abdomen is short-oviform, considerably convex above, 
 and projects a little over the base of the cephalo-thorax. It is 
 of a dull brown hue, broken up into blotches, or reticulated, by 
 palo irregular lines, on the under part and sides, the under side 
 being dark brown. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colour and general charac- 
 ters. The genital process is strong, prominent, rather directed 
 backwards, and of a somewhat tripartite form. 
 
 Examples of both sexes of this spider were found among moss 
 in Bere Wood, adjoining the Bloxworth woods, on the 2nd of 
 May, 1879. It is allied to Linyphia alacris, Blackw., but may 
 be distinguished easily by the different pattern of the cophalo- 
 thorax and abdomen, and by the absence of the very long, 
 strong, single bristle which projects from the fore side of each 
 of the cubital and radial joints of tho palpus in that species ; 
 the bristles of those joints of the present spider boing (as abovo 
 described) more numerous, and of as nearly as possible equal 
 length and strongth. 
 
 LINYPHIA TUBBATRIX. 
 
 LnrrrniA turbatrix, Cambr., Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist., 1879, 
 eer. 5, vol. 4, p. 206. 
 
 Adult male length 1 line or a little over. 
 
 Tho whole of this spider is of a yellow-brown colour, tho 
 cephalo-thorax being the palest and clearest, and tho abdomen 
 the darkest, with a sooty hue, Tho caput and thorax aro about 
 
455 
 
 level as far as the thoracic junction, whence the posterior slope is 
 distinct but not very abrupt ; between the occiput, which is rather 
 rounded, and the thoracic junction is a very slight, shallow 
 depression. The clypeus is almost vortical, and its height is less 
 than half that of the facial space. On the fore part of the 
 caput and along the central line, backwards, are a few strong 
 bristly hairs. 
 
 The eyes are of tolerable size, seated on black spots, and 
 occupy tho wholo width of the fore extremity of the caput ; the 
 interval between those of tho hind-central pair is distinctly 
 greater than that between each of them and the hind-lateral eye 
 on its side, being nearly about equal to a diameter ; those of the 
 fore-central pair are contiguous to each other, and oach is 
 separated from the fore-lateral on its side by less than its own 
 diameter. The diroction of tho latoral pairs is slightly oblique. 
 The four central eyes form a square, whose foro side is rather 
 shorter than the rest. 
 
 The legs are rather long, slender — 4.1.2.3. — and furnished 
 with hairs, and a few spine-like bristles. 
 
 The palpi are short and slender ; tho radial and cubital joints 
 equal in length ; the former very slightly produced and rounded 
 at the foro extremity on the upper side, and furnished with 
 bristly hairs, and the latter has a single, prominent, tapering, 
 slightly sinuous bristle at tho fore extremity of its upper side. 
 Tho digital joint is small and of a narrow or somewhat oblong- 
 oval form, rather exceeding in length tho radial and cubital 
 joints together, and clothed with bristly hairs, especially at the 
 fore extremity. The palpal organs are not very complex ; at 
 thoir baso on the outer side is a strong, bont, somewhat crescent- 
 shaped, corneous process, the foro part being strongly emarginate, 
 and at their extremity is a small, straight, sharp, black, thorn- 
 like spine in contact with some semitransparont membrane. 
 
 Tho falces are vertical, tolerably long, but rather weak and 
 divergent. Tho sternum is similar in colour to tho abdomen, 
 which last is clothed with strong bristly hairs. 
 
 Tho fomalo resembles the male in general form and colours, 
 
456 
 
 but is larger. The genital proooss is characteristic but not con- 
 spicuously prominent. 
 
 Two males and a female of this spider were found in a swamp 
 near Bloxworth at the end of June, 1879. 
 
 Tho male may easily be distinguished from Linyphia ollivia, 
 Cambr., Linyphia ollita, Ibid., and some other allied and rather 
 obscure spocies, by tho narrower form of the digital joints of 
 the palpi. 
 
 LINYPHIA PEUDENS. 
 
 Linyphia mtTDENS, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 538, 
 pi. xlvi., fig. 9. 
 
 Length of the male 1J line. Female rather larger. 
 
 The profile of tho cephalo-thorax of this spider is rounded, 
 and thoro is a slight depression bohind tho occiput, the posterior 
 slopo being very gradual, but the general level of tho caput and 
 thorax are not very differont. The colour of the cephalo-thorax, 
 legs, palpi, falcos, and maxillas is palo, dull, orange-yellow. 
 
 The posterior row of eyes, looked at from in front, is rather 
 strongly curved ; tho anterior row much less so, its central pair 
 of eyos being placed a little above the straight lino formed by 
 the lateral eyes. The intervals between those of the posterior 
 row are equal, and rather loss than the diameter of one of the 
 central pair, oach of the latter being separated from the fore- 
 contral eye nearest to it by a rather loss interval still. All aro 
 seated on small black spots ; those of the lateral pairs are placed 
 obliquely on a tubercle, and are tho largest of the eight. The 
 fore-centrals are smallest and contiguous to each other. All are 
 of a pearly white excepting the fore-centrals which are dark 
 groy. Tho height of tho clypeus exceeds half that of the facial 
 space. 
 
 Tho legs are slender, moderately long — 4.1.2.3. — furnished 
 •with hairs and a few very fine spines. 
 
 The palpi aro short ; tho radial joints are stronger than the 
 cubital, and from tho anterior margin of each, on tho uppor sido, 
 
457 
 issues a tolerably long, nearly straight, tapering, black bristle. 
 The digital joint is of moderate sieo, of a yellow-brown liuo, 
 and has a small angular prominence near its base towards the 
 outer side. The palpal organs are well doveloped, and moder- 
 ately complex. At thoir base on the outor side is a largo, con- 
 spicuous process of a subtriangular form, somowhat concave, and 
 strongly emarginate at its base. The apex of the triangle is 
 blunt-angular, and is close to tho extremity, on the outer side, 
 of the radial joint. 
 
 The falces are moderately strong, not very long, straight, and 
 vortical, with a row of three small toeth on the inner side noar 
 tho fore extremity. 
 
 Tho sternum is suffused with dusky blackish. The abdomen 
 is of a dull yellowish-brown hue, sometimes suffused with 
 blackish, particularly on the undor side ; its f orm is oval and it 
 projects a little over the base of the cophalo-thorax. On the 
 hinder half of the upper side a series of pale angular linos is 
 occasionally visible, and it is thinly clothed with fine hairs. 
 
 The female resembles the malo in colours and general charac- 
 teristics, but the abdomen is much larger and more convex 
 abovo ; the process connocted with the genital aperture is of a 
 reddish hue, slightly prominent, and, as usual, very characteristic 
 in form. 
 
 This spider belongs to the group comprising Linyphia oblivia, 
 Cambr., and some other nearly allied spiders. It occurred among 
 dead leaves, moss, and herbage in woods at Bloxworth, on the 
 12th of November, 1879. I had previously (1871) recoivod it in 
 some abundance from the Cheviot Hills. 
 
APPENDIX, B. 
 
 Descriptions of Spiders found in Great Britain, but 
 not yet met with in Dorsetshire. 
 
 There is little doubt but that many of the following species 
 will be found in Dorsetshire, when numerous localities hitherto 
 unsearched have been carefully worked at different seasons of 
 the year. 
 
 FAMILY DYSDEEIDES. 
 
 GENUS SCHCENOBATES, Blackw. 
 
 It is doubtful whother this genus should not be removed to 
 the Theridiides, next to Neriene and Walckenaiira, to which it boars 
 a very close resemblance, differing chiofly in having but six eyes. 
 As, however, I have not had an opportunity of examining the 
 spider upon which the genus has been established, I leave it pro- 
 visionally in the family in which it was originally placed by Mr. 
 Blackwall. 
 
 SCHOENOBATES WALKERI. 
 
 Schcenobates Walkebi, Blackw., Spid. Gt. Brit, and Irel., p. 
 376. 
 
 Adult male length l-8th of an inch. 
 
 Cophalo-thorax red-brown, marked with several converging 
 rows of white, iridescent, squamose hairs on the sides. The 
 radial joint of the palpus has a small pointed apophysis at its 
 outer extremity ; digital joint oval ; palpal organs prominent, 
 
459 
 
 but not very complex. Abdomen oviform, dark brown and 
 yellowish brown intermixed ; covered with white iridescent 
 squamose hairs ; and directly abovo tho spinners is a spot of 
 denso white hairs. 
 
 Found in the month of Soptember many years ago at Broad- 
 stairs, in Kent. 
 
 GENUS SEGESTEIA, Latr. 
 
 SEGESTRIA FLORENTINA, EoSSl. 
 
 Seoestkia perfida, WaM., Blackw., I.e., p. 373, pi. xxviii., fig. 
 269. 
 
 Length of the male nearly 3-4ths of an inch. 
 
 Easily distinguished from our other indigenous species by its 
 larger size, and by the brilliant glossy green colour of the falces. 
 
 Found at Plymouth, on the authority of the late Dr. Leach 
 (Supplement to Encyclop. Brit. Ed. 4, 5, and 6, Art Annulosa). 
 Abundant in Spain and Southern Europe, in holes and crevicea 
 of walls, trees, &c. (I have not yet seen a British example.) 
 
FAMILY DltASSIDES. 
 
 GENUS DRASSUS, Walck. 
 DRASSUS FERRUGINEUS. 
 Drassus perruqineus, Blackw., I.e., p. 117, pi. vi., fig. 71. 
 
 Length of the female about £ inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax narrow, and with the legs of a ferruginous hue. 
 Abdomen somewhat cylindrical, cream-coloured, with a narrow 
 spear-shaped dark marking on the upper side along the middle 
 of the fore part, and throo impressod spots on each side of it. 
 
 Found noar Belfast, Ireland. (I have not seen this spider, of 
 which the type is not now in existence). 
 
 DRASSUS RETICULATUS. 
 
 Drassus retioulatus, Blackw., I.e., p. 112. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax pointed in front, yellow-brown ; falces red- 
 brown, legs yellow-brown, hairy, and armed with a few spines. 
 Abdomen elongate-oval ; pale olive-brown, reticulated with 
 fine, dull, yellowish-white lines ; spinners prominent, cylindrical. 
 Found near Lancaster. 
 
 (Type specimens lost. I have not seen this spider.,) 
 
 DRASSUS SYLVESTRIS. 
 
 Drassus sylvestris, Blackw., I.e., p. 113, pi. vi., fig. 68. 
 Length of the female 2-5ths of an inch, male smaller. 
 Cephalo-thorax and legs reddish-brown. Falces strong, 
 
461 
 
 prominent at their base in front, rather projecting and deeper 
 coloured than the cephalo-thorax. Abdomen oblong-oval, olive- 
 greenish brown ; a deeper coloured, tapering band runs along the 
 middle of the fore part of the upper side, for two-thirds of its 
 length, and is followed by a series of obscure, hoary, angular 
 linos. Spinners prominent, cylindrical. 
 
 Cubital and radial joints of the male palpus short, the radial has 
 two apophyses at its extremity ; ono, short and broad, on the inner 
 side ; the othor in front, long, compressed at its extremity, over- 
 lapping tho base of the digital joint, which is oval. Palpal organs 
 complex, with several strong, curved, pointed processes at their 
 extremity. 
 
 Found in Berwickshire in spring-time. (I have never seen 
 this spider.) 
 
 DRASSUS CUPREUS. 
 
 Drassus oupnEUS, Blachw., I.e., p. 114., pi. vi., fig. 19. 
 
 Similar in size to the foregoing. 
 
 Tho cophalo-thorax and legs aro reddish-brown, and the 
 abdomon bright reddish-copper colour with a broad tapering 
 blackish (but often nearly obsolete) band along the middle of the 
 fore part of the upper side. Radial joint of palpus of male longer 
 than the cubital, with a pointed apophysis at its outer extremity 
 and a much smaller ono boneath. Digital joint oblong-oval. 
 Palpal organs, situated beneath the base of tho digital joint, 
 simple, with a small dark protuberance near their extremity 
 towards the outer side, and a fine pointed spine opposite to it on 
 the inner side. Found in various parts of England. 
 
 (This spider is unknown to me. I believe it to be distinct 
 
 Drassus reticulatus, Blaokw. (p. 460). The following additional 
 particulars of tliis spider, accidentally omitted at p. 4(i0, should be noted. 
 
 Length of the adult female 2-5ths of an inch. Eyes in two nearly parallel 
 rows ; those of tho hind-central pair are the smallest, and are nearer to each 
 oilier than each is to the lateral eye of the same row on its side ; tho fore- 
 oentral pair are much tho largeBt of the eight, and. with tho hind-centrals, 
 form a square. The genital aperture is niinuto and has a reddish-brown 
 tint. 
 
462 
 
 from, though nearly allied to, D. lapidicolem, Walck., to small 
 examples of which it must be exceedingly similar, inasmuch as 
 Mr. Blackball, some years ago, returned to me several examples 
 of that species labelled Drassus cupreus.J 
 
 GENUS GNAPHOSA, Lair. 
 
 GNAPHOSA LUCIFUGA. ? 
 
 Drasstts LrjoiFTJGtrs, Blachw., I.e., p, 105, in part. 
 Dbassus melanogaster, Zatr., Leach, Encyclop. Brit. 4th, 5th, 
 and 6th Ed. Art. Annulosa. 
 It is impossible to conjecture -with any certainty what this 
 spider may be. Mr. Blackwall's figure and description of the 
 male are taken from those of Pythonma lucifuga, 0. L. Koch 
 (Die Arachn, Bd. vi., p. 54, pi. 194, figs. 468, 469 and 470), and 
 probably those of the female also. It is, I think, certainly quite 
 distinct from Onaphosa anglica, Cambr., as well as from O. 
 lugubris, 0. L. Koch, with a female of which last species Mr. 
 Blackwall (who received it from me) supposed it to be identical. 
 If Dr. Leach's spider be indeed a Onaphosa, the recurved form of 
 the posterior row of eyes will at once give evidence of it. No 
 particular locality is given ; only that it " has been found in 
 England under stones." 
 
 GENUS PEOSTHESIMA, L, Koch. 
 
 PROSTHESIMA ELECTA. 
 
 Melanophoha eleota, C. L. Koch., Die Arachn., Bd. vi., p. 83, 
 
 pi. 200, fig. 490. 
 Drasstts ruMiLrs, Blachw., I.e., p. 108, pi. vi., fig. 65. 
 
 Bather smaller than Prosthesima nigrita, Fabr. (p. 1 6), and easily 
 distinguished by the colour of the logs, the f omora of which are 
 yellowish rod, the genua and tibice black or black-brown, and all 
 the motatarsi and tarsi red-brown. The cephalo-thorax is rather 
 
463 
 
 pointed in front, and of a red-brown colour. Abdomen black, 
 flattish, and very hairy ; the legs rather short and robust. The 
 sexes are alike in colours. 
 
 The radial joint of the male palpus has a strong, tapering 
 sharp-pointed apophysis at its outer extremity ; the digital 
 joint is of moderate sizo, and the palpal organs are simple, with 
 two or throe not very conspicuous processes at their fore 
 extremity. 
 
 I mot with both sexes of this spider in 1 859 on the sand hills 
 near Southport, Lancashire, in early summer, running in sun- 
 shine. I have also more recently received it from Lord 
 Walsingham, by whom it was found near Merton Hall, Norfolk. 
 
 PBOSTHESIMA LUTETIANA. 
 
 Melanophoba ltjtetiana, L. Koch, Die. Arachn. Fam. der. 
 Drassidon, p. 15, pi. vi., fig. 100. 
 
 Adult female, length 3 lines. 
 
 Nearly allied to Prodhesima nigrita, Fabr., but larger. The 
 oephalo-thorax is deep brown, the logs aro of a rather lighter 
 colour, with tho oxtromitios gradually palor still, and of a 
 reddish-brown hue. The abdomen is dark blackish-brown, the 
 pubescence being apparently of a somewhat yellow- brown tint. 
 The form of the gonital aporture boars some resemblance to that 
 of P. nigrita, but is still noticeably distinct, consisting of a 
 longitudinal channel or furrow which divides abruptly, at its 
 posterior extremity, into two strongly divergont portions of equal 
 size. 
 
 An example of this spider was sent me latoly from Dunnoon, 
 Scotland, by Mr. H. 0. Young, of Glasgow; and several others 
 immature, but considered by Mons. Simon to be probably of this 
 species, were recoived some years ago from Mr. W. Farren, by 
 whom they were found in Wickon Fen, Cambridgeshire. 
 
464 
 
 GENUS OLUBIONA, Latr. 
 
 CLUBIONA FORMOSA. 
 
 Clubiona Formosa, Blackw., I.e., p. 125, pi. vii., fig. 78. 
 
 This is a doubtful species, found at Cranmore, iu Ireland, by 
 Mr. E. Templeton. It is of about the same size as Clubiona 
 terreslris, Westr. (p. 23), and is no doubt nearly allied to that 
 and to some others, as 0. lutescens, Westr. (p. 24) and C. grisea, 
 L. Koch (p. 22). 
 
 The fomale only is yet known. Perhaps the discovery of the 
 male may prove it to be distinct from those mentioned. I have 
 not myself seen an authenticated example of Clubiona formosa. 
 
 GENUS CHIEACANTHIUM, C. L. Koch. 
 
 CHIRACANTHIUM ERRATICUM. 
 
 Clubiona erratioa, Blackw., I.e., p. 135, pi. viii., fig. 86. 
 
 The chief distinctions supposed to separate this spider from 
 C. carnifex (p. 32) consists of a distinct, yellow, oblique line on 
 each side of the abdomen, and the simple-pointed extremity of 
 the radial apophysis of the male palpus ; * this apophysis in 
 C. carnifex being notched, or bifid at its extremity. Found in 
 Wales and Northamptonshire. I have also met with females of 
 it near Oxford. 
 
 CHIRACANTHIUM PENNYI. 
 
 Ohiraoanthium pennyi, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 
 
 533, pi. xlvi., fig. 6. 
 
 Differs from Chiracanthium erraticum,B\., and C. carnifex, Fabr., 
 
 * Mr. Blaokwall is confident that the radial apophysis in his Clubiona 
 erratica is not notohed at its extremity, and that the obliquo lines 
 on the abdomen are a distinguishing character. I have, however, lately 
 (May 19, 1880) found (at BloxworthJ a male and female in which these lines 
 are very vivid, and the radial apophysis is distinctly notched. I think, 
 therefore, that most probably the former character is not specific, and the 
 latter must have been overlooked by Mr. Blackwall. The notch is not 
 easy to bo seen iu all positions, 
 
465 
 
 in the form of the digital spur of the male palpus. In C. Pemyi 
 this spur is longer, more regularly curvod, and of more uniform 
 strength from hase to extremity, which last does not taper off 
 sharply, but gradually to a rather obtusely-pointed termination, 
 and is also less directed outwards than that of C. carnifex. 
 
 Found at Wokingham, and kindly sent to mo by the Eev. C. 
 "VV. Penny, of Wellington College. 
 
FAMILY DICTYNIDES. 
 
 GENUS DICTYNA. 
 
 DICTYNA VARIABILIS. 
 
 Dictyna variabilis, C. Koch, Die. Arachn., Bd. iii., p. 29, pi. 
 
 83, fig. 187. 
 Ergatis fallens, Blackw., I.e., p. 148, pi. x., fig. 9. 
 
 Easily distinguished from all the other British species by the 
 bright pinkish-yellow colour of the abdomen, which is mottled 
 with darker but indistinct markings. The cephalo-thorax is 
 reddish-yellow, and the legs are of a uniform and rather paler hue. 
 The cubital joint of the male palpus has a short, strong, pointed 
 spur at the outer side of its fore extremity. 
 
 Ergatis fallens Blackw. is a variety of the female in which 
 the abdomen is yellowish-white, with a large, dark pink spot 
 on the middle of the upper side. 
 
 Found by myself at Lyndhurst, Hants, and subsequently 
 received from the neighbourhood of Exeter, from Mr. E. Parfitt. 
 I have also received it from Surrey ; and it was sent to me in 
 1 878 from Codford, Wiltshire, by my cousin, the late Colonel 
 Pickard, E.A., V.C., &c. 
 
 DICTYNA LUGUBRIS. 
 
 Diotyna ltjgtjijeis, Cambr., Journ. Linn. Soc. xi., p. 535, pi. 
 xiv., fig. 4. 
 
 Length of the male nearly 1 J lines. 
 
 Nearly resembles in form and structure D. arundinacea, Linn, 
 (p. 49), but may be at once distinguished by its larger size and 
 almost uniform dark brown and black hue. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax red-brown, clothed with numerous greyish- 
 white squamose hairs. 
 
467 
 
 Legs slender, moderato in length 1.2.4.3.; colour dull: 
 brownish ; femora darker than the tibiee ; metatarsi and tarsi 
 dull yellowish. 
 
 Palpi nearly similar to the legs in colour, radial slightly, if at 
 all, longer than cubital, but less strong; it is devoid of any 
 apophysis at its fore extremity, but has, a little nearer to its 
 hinder extremity, a small, black, sharp-pointed, tooth-like spine, 
 or hook directed downwards ; digital joint longer than the radial 
 and cubital together ; roundish-oval at its base, and drawn out 
 anteriorly. Palpal organs very similar to those of D. arundinacea. 
 
 Falces also similar to those of others of the genus, but of a 
 more exaggerated size and form, and their front surface mostly 
 covered with small blackish tubercles, giving them a rough, 
 granulose appearance. 
 
 Abdomen black, with four small, red-brown, impressed spots 
 forming a quadrangular figure near the middle of the upper 
 side. 
 
 A single example was received from the late Mr. R. Beck 
 among a number of spiders collected in various parts of Eng- 
 land ; some of them being at the time supposed to have been 
 collected on the Continent of Europe. I have, however, since 
 describing the above spider (Journ. L. S., I.e.), become con- 
 vinced that the whole collection was made in England. Bictyna 
 lugubris must, therefore, be placed on our Ust of indigenous 
 spiders. I met with several examples of it at Corfu, in May, 
 1864. 
 
 GENUS LETHIA, Menge. 
 
 LETHIA SUBNIGER. 
 Drassus sttbniger, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.H., June, 1861. 
 Lethia subniger, Cambr., I.e., October, 1875, s. 4, vol. 16, p. 
 246. 
 
 Length of the male 1-1 2th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax deep rich blackish-brown. Legs rather robust, 
 hairy, and of a dull yellowish-brown colour, palest at the joints ; 
 
468 
 
 relative length 1.4.2.3. Palpi short ; radial j oint smaller than tlio 
 cubital, with a bluntish apophysis at its extremity on the upper 
 side ; digital joint large, oval ; palpal organs very prominent, 
 with a projecting process at thoir base, from the outer side of 
 which issues a black spine curving across the middle to tho 
 inner side. 
 
 Abdomen small, oviform ; very deep brown, approaching to 
 black ; clothod with hairs, of which some are of a pale whitish 
 colour. 
 
 Found among rubbish in an old hedgerow on Hursley Down, 
 near Winchester, in May, 1860, and closely allied to Lethia 
 allispiracuMs, Cambr. (p. 53), but among other distinctions its 
 cephalo-thorax is broader in proportion to its length, than in 
 that species. In the original description of this spider (Ann. 
 and Mag. N.H., 1861) the legs are stated to be " furnished with 
 a few spines." I think this is a mistake, at any rate I cannot 
 now discern traces of spines, though the specimen has been sub- 
 jected to rather rough usage since that description was made. 
 
 LETHIA SPINIGERA, Sp. n. 
 
 Adult male, length l-14th of an inch. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is oval, broadly truncated behind, and 
 moderately convex above ; the profile line to the hinder slope is 
 even, and forms only a slight curve, the hinder slope tolerably 
 abrupt, and the lateral marginal constrictions at the caput are 
 very slight. Its colour is a dark yellowish-brown, with deeper 
 converging lines, and a few prominent bristly hairs in the medial 
 line. The height of the clypeus (which is very low) appears to 
 be rather less than half that of the facial space. 
 
 The eyes are small, subequal, and closely grouped together, 
 in two parallel, transverse, contiguous lines. Tho interval 
 between those of the hind-contral pair, which are smaller than 
 the hind-laterals and of a somewhat misshapen form, is equal to 
 rather more than a diameter, and each is contiguous to the hind- 
 
469 
 
 lateral eye on its side. Those of the anterior row are all con" 
 tiguous to each other. 
 
 The legs are moderatoly long, but not greatly different in their 
 longth ; (4.1.2.3.) rather slender, and of a yellowish-brown hue ; 
 the femora, particularly those of the first pair, strongly tinged 
 with blackish-brown. They are furnished with hairs, and near 
 the middle of the under side of the tibia) of each of those of 
 tho third pair is a longish, strong, slightly curved, prominent, 
 dark, spur-liko spine directed backwards ; there are also two 
 short black spines in a longitudinal Hue beneath the metatarsi 
 of the first pair. 
 
 The palpi are short, the cubital joint is thickly furnished in 
 front with short, strong, bristly hairs ; the radial joint is about 
 the same length, but rather less strong, and has its extremity on 
 the outer side produced into a short obtuse apophysis. The 
 digital joint is rather large and tapers to a point ; the palpal 
 organs are well developed but simple, and have a longitudinal, 
 curved spine, closely connected with them, and, apparently 
 issuing from their base on the outer side, owing, however, to the 
 cramped position of these parts it was difficult to observe them 
 very closely, without injury to tho specimen. The colour of tho 
 palpi is dull yellow-brown, the humeral joints tinged with black- 
 brown, and the digital joints dark-brown. 
 
 The falces are moderately long, not very strong, and slightly 
 divergent at their extremities ; their colour is similar to that of 
 the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 The maxillso and labium are yellow-brown, slightly tinged 
 with reddish-brown, and the sternum is similar to the cophalo- 
 thorax in colour. 
 
 The abdomen is of a narrow- oval form, rather longer than 
 the cephalo-thorax ; it is of a deep brown colour, thickly mottled 
 with minuto, dull, roddish-yellow spots, and some short, 
 similarly-coloured linos, which chiefly form tho ordinary trans- 
 vorse angular bars on tho hinder half of the upper side. Close 
 in front of the ordinary spinners, which are of a dull, pale, 
 brownish-yellow hue, is the characteristic, transverse, super- 
 
470 
 
 mimerary spinning organ. The abdomen is thinly clothed with 
 short, strong, hairs. 
 
 This very distinct little spider is allied to Lethia albispiraculis, 
 Camhr., p. 53, but besides being a smaller and more slenderly- 
 made spider, the position of the eyes and the strong spine on the 
 tibia of the third pair of legs, with the two shorter ones on the meta- 
 tarsi of the first pair, render it easily distinguishable. These 
 spines are in fact abnormal to the genus altogether, as at present 
 characterised, but would hardly I conceive render it necessary 
 to exclude it. 
 
 A single example was kindly given to me by Mr. F. M. Camp- 
 bell, of Hoddesdon, where it was found by that gentleman in 
 his dwellinghouse at the end of January, 1880. 
 
 LETHIA PATULA. 
 
 Diotyna patula, Sim., Arachn. de France, torn. 1., p. 197. 
 
 Lethia patoxa, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.H. 5 s., vol. 1., p, 
 108. 
 
 Length of the female 2 lines. 
 
 Very nearly allied to Lethia puta, Cambr. (p. 53), resembling it 
 closely in general form, colours, and appearance ; but consider- 
 ably larger. The form also of the genital aperture is quite 
 different. 
 
 Found by Mons. Simon in June and July, 1870, among grass 
 and debris of old furze bushes on the Downs near Newhaven. 
 Sussex. 
 
FAMILY AGELENLDES. 
 
 GENUS ARGYEONETA, Zatr. 
 
 This genua was included among the Drassides by Mr. Black- 
 wall ; but the possession of three instead of two terminal tarsal 
 claws sufficiently separate it from that family. One species only 
 is as yet recorded. 
 
 ARGYRONETA AQUATICA. 
 
 Aranetjs aquatiotts, Clerch. Sv. Spindl. p. 143, pi. vi., tab. 8. 
 Argyeoneta aqtjatioa, Blachw., I.e., p. 137, pi. viii., fig. 87. 
 
 The length of the male varies from 6 to 10 lines. Female 
 smaller. 
 
 Cephalo -thorax, legs, and palpi dark reddish-brown, thickly 
 clothed with long yellowish-brown hairs. Spines only on the 
 two hinder pairs; relative length of legs 1.4.3.2. Abdomen 
 very convex in front, sloping quickly to the spinners ; and of an 
 olive-brown colour, clothed with short yellowish-brown hairs. 
 Falces deep red-brown, long, strong, and rather divergent; digital 
 joint of the male palpus drawn out into a long cylindrical form. 
 Palpal organs, situated beneath the oval base of the digital joint, 
 and simple structure. 
 
 This fine, but plainly-coloured and well-known spider — the 
 only one of the genus yet discovered — cannot be mistaken for any 
 other. Its habitat is chiefly in pools of still water, in ponds 
 and ditches ; beneath the surface of the water it passes most of its 
 existence, and forms its curious dome-shaped silken nest. It is 
 enabled to breathe under water from a supply of air enclosed 
 around it by means of its hairy clothing. This air-bubble 
 
472 
 
 gives it an appearance of being enclosed within a 
 metallic silvery ball, and renders it an interesting and 
 pretty object for an Aquarium. Wben living at Durham many 
 years ago, I kept an adult male of this spider in a small 
 tank for three years. It would occasionally, at night, come out 
 of the water and wander about the room. During one of these 
 excursions it probably received some injury as I found it next 
 day in a dying state. 
 
 Argyroneta aquatica is abundant in many parts of England, 
 and probably will be found some day in Dorsetshire. Hitherto, 
 however, I have had but little opportunity of searching suitable 
 localities for it. 
 
 GENUS COELOTES, Blachw. 
 
 COELOTES? IMMACULATUS. 
 
 Coelotes? rMMAOtrLATus, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 
 444. 
 
 Length of the female l-4th of an inch. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax, legs, palpi, and fakes are bright reddish- 
 yellow-brown. Abdomen pale whitish clay-yellow. 
 
 The spines on the legs consist chiefly of two parallel rows of 
 long ones beneath the tibiae and metatarsi. The terminal tarsal 
 claws are three in number. Spinners short and of nearly 
 uniform length. 
 
 A very distinct spider, but its generic position is still uncertain. 
 
 Found in Wicken Fen, near Cambridge. 
 
 GENUS AGELENA, Walch 
 AGELENA HYNDMANNII. 
 AGELENA HYNDMANNII, Bfackw., l.C p. 154, pi. X., fig. 98. 
 
 Length of the female l-6th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brownish-green, much the darkest on the 
 caput ; thorax marked with dark converging lines. 
 
473 
 
 Legs spiny, hairy, greenish-brown, with darker annuli ; rela- 
 tive length 4.1.2.3. 
 
 Abdomen deep green, with a central, longitudinal, dentated, 
 palo fascia, marked at its fore extremity with a black or dark 
 green lanceolate longitudinal marking. 
 
 Pound at Cranmoro, Ireland, among grass. (I have never seen 
 this spider.) 
 
 AGELENA PROMPTA. 
 
 Agelena prompta, Blachw., I.e., p. 156. 
 
 Length of the female l-10th of an inch. Male rather smaller. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax slightly compressed on the sides in front; 
 colour brown, darkest in front. Falces strong ; reddish-brown. 
 
 Legs brown, relative length 4.1.2.3. 
 
 Abdomen dark brown above with a longitudinal central series 
 of strongly marked yellowish-brown angular lines. Sides and 
 under part pale yellowish-brown, the latter with a longitudinal 
 contral deeper band. Upper pair of spinners much the longost, and 
 tri-articulate. The cubital joint of the male palpus has a slender 
 curved process on the outer side of its upper part ; and the radial 
 has a longer, more slender and more curved one tapering from a 
 prominence at the outer side of its extremity. 
 
 Digital joint oval; palpal organs simple in structure, and 
 almost encircled by a fine black spine. 
 
 Found by Mr. Blackwall under stones in woods at Llanrwst, 
 North "Wales, in October. (I have nevor been fortunate enough 
 to obtain an example of this spider.) 
 
 GENUS TEGENAEIA, Zatr. 
 
 TEGENARIA GUYONII. 
 
 Tegenaria guyonii, Guerin-Meneville, Iconogr. de Eegne, 
 Anim. Arachn., p. 7, pi. ii., fig. 1. 
 ,, domestioa, Blackw., I.e., p. 163, pi. xi., fig 105. 
 
 Length of the female 3-4ths of an inch, male rathor smaller. 
 
474 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Tegenaria atrica, 0. L. Koch 
 (p. 62), but may be easily distinguished by its much longer 
 legs, less distinctly and differently marked abdomon, and 
 rounder thorax. 
 
 The legs, also, are annulated, and furnished with longer hairs, 
 and the palpi differ in structure. It is also more exclusively a 
 House-spider. 
 
 Abundant at Oxford in cellars, and in old cupboards and 
 dark corners of unused rooms ; found also in the London dis- 
 trict and in Cambridgeshire. It is probably the spider which 
 has been (inaccurately) stated to be peculiar to Hampton Court, 
 under the name of "The Cardinal." A tradition exists that 
 this spider terrified Cardinal Wolsey, and hence obtained its 
 trivial name. 
 
 GENUS CEYPHOECA, Thorell. 
 
 CRYPHOECA SILVICOLA. 
 
 Teghnaria silvioola, Blackw., I.e., p. 168, pi. xii., fig. 108. 
 Hahnia silvioola, C. Koch, Die Arachn. xii., p. 158, tab. 432, 
 figs. 1076 and 1077. 
 
 Length of the female l-8th of an inch ; male rather smaller. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax pale brown, with narrow, dark brown margins, 
 and converging lines of the same colour on the sides of the 
 thorax. 
 
 Legs moderate in length, relatively 4.1.2.3., yellow-brown, 
 annulated and marked with brownish-black. 
 
 Palpi yellow-brown. 
 
 Abdomen dark brown above, with a central, longitudinal series 
 of angular lines, often coalescing so as to form a broad, longi- 
 tudinal, dentated, yellow-brown band, at tho fore extremity of 
 which is a longitudinal, tapering blackish stripe. Sides dark 
 brown mottled with yellow-brown ; under side yellowish-brown 
 with three, not very distinct, longitudinal dark brown bands. 
 
 The radial joint of the male palpus has a strong prominent 
 
475 
 
 dark brown apophysis at its base on the outer side, of a some- 
 what obtusely-pointed oval form, and a smaller, darker, pointed 
 one at its extremity in front. 
 
 The digital joint is large, oval, dark brown. The palpal 
 organs prominent, moderately complex and nearly surrounded by 
 a black, filiform spine. 
 
 Abundant under stones, especially of wall-fences, in Scotland, 
 in the month of July. Also found, but very rarely, in Norfolk 
 and in Buckinghamshire. 
 
FAMILY THEEIDIIDES. 
 
 GENUS THERIDION, Walck. and BlacJcw. (in part). 
 THERIDION PICTUM. 
 
 Theridion piotum, Mahn; Blackw., I.e., p. 184, pi. xiii., fig. 117. 
 
 Closely allied to, but much larger than T. mrians (p. 87), easily 
 distinguished by its brighter colours and more distinct markings. 
 The denticulated central abdominal band is bright red, or red- 
 brown, with a distinct yellow, marginal border, and its denticula- 
 tions are long and sharp. 
 
 This beautiful species occurs in abundance in greenhouses, and 
 on holly and other bushes, in gardens, at Southport, Lancashire. 
 It has been found at Richmond, and I havo mot with it at 
 Oxford, in the garden and greenhouse of Professor Westwood, 
 and have also recoivod it from Scotland. 
 
 THERIDION VENUSTUM. 
 
 Theridion venttsttjm, Walck. ; Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., 
 p. 422. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax yellow, with a broad, dark, blackish, central, 
 longitudinal band and black narrow margins. 
 
 Legs and palpi immaculate, pale yellowish. Legs rather short, 
 1.4.2.3. 
 
 Abdomen subglobose. A broad, tapering, white, central band 
 along the upper part has on each side of it a longitudinal row of 
 largo black-brown blotches on a reddish-yellow ground. Sides 
 yellowish, marked and spotted with whito. Tho under side is also 
 yollowish, with a broad curved blackish transverso band noar the 
 middle, tho convexity of the curve directed backwards, 
 
477 
 
 An immature example — rather less than one line in length — 
 was sent to me from near Exeter by Mr. Edward Parfitt, and is, I 
 believe, the Theridion venustum, of Walckenaera, (Ins., Apt. ii., 
 p. 316). The colours had evidently somewhat faded before the 
 spider came into my hands. 
 
 THERIDION TRISTE. 
 
 Theridion triste, C.L.Koch; Blacktv., Ann. and Mag. N.H., 
 Septa., 1867. 
 
 Nearly allied to Steatoda coracina, C. L. Koch (p. 98), bu* 
 entirely black and easily distinguished from that spider by its 
 black, instead of pale, tarsi. 
 
 Found in North Wales by Mr. Blackwall; but no British 
 example has yet come under my own inspection. 
 
 THERIDION AURATUM. 
 
 Theridion atjratum, Blachv., Spid. Gt. Brit, and Irel., p. 1^8, 
 pi. xiv., fig. 128. 
 
 Immature male length l-8th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax " obcordate, and carinated bofore" {i.e., rounded 
 behind and rather narrow in front), glossy, and with the legs, 
 chestnut-black. Abdomen globular, golden-yellow, studded with 
 short stiff dark brown hairs, most thickly grouped along the 
 middle of the fore part on the upper side, and also on the 
 sides, giving the former the appearance of a broad longitudinal 
 brown band. Underneath, also, is a broad central, longitudinal 
 dark brown band. 
 
 Found at Cranmore, in Ireland, by 8& R. Templeton. (I 
 have not seen this spider.) 
 
 THERIDION ALBENS. 
 
 Theridion albens, Blachv., I.e., p. 199, pi. xiv., fig. 130. 
 
 Length of tho female 1-1 6th of an inch. 
 
 This small Theridion is closely allied to Theridion pattens, Blackw. 
 (p. 92), even if it be not merely a variety of that speeies. It 
 
478 
 
 is of an almost uniform whitish colour, with a broad, central, 
 longitudinal, darkish band on the cephalo-thorax, and a small 
 oblique oval marking, formed by a fine black line, on the 
 middle of the upper part of the abdomen, on each side of the 
 medial line. 
 
 A single example found by Mr. Blackwall among strawberry 
 plants in his garden in North Wales. 
 
 I have not seen this spider, of which the type specimen no longer 
 exists. It formerly occurred to me that possibly Theridion albent 
 might be only a variety of Theridion pollens, Blackw. ; but further 
 consideration leads me to believe that Mr. Blackwall could hardly 
 have mistaken a mere variety of Theridion pollens (with which 
 he was so well acquainted) for a distinct species. 
 
 GENUS DIPCENA, Thorell. 
 
 Closely allied to Theridion, but of a stouter form, and has 
 distinct and strongish spines on the legs, which are also stouter 
 than those of Theridion. 
 
 DIPCENA MELANOGASTEE. 
 
 Atea melanogaster, C. Koch., Die. Arachn. xi., p. 143, pi. 392, 
 fig. 941-42 
 
 Theridion congener, Camlr., Zoologist 1863, p. 8576. 
 
 Length of the female l-9th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax deep shiny black-brown. Clypeus high, and 
 prominent below. Legs short, stout, and armed with spines ; 
 relative length 1.4.2.3, pale yellow, blotched and annulated with 
 black and yellow-brown. Palpi like the legs. Abdomen broad 
 in front, very Epfe'iriform ; yellowish above, thickly mottled and 
 suffused with yellow-brown, and marked with numerous black 
 dots and points, forming a series of five or six obscurely-defined, 
 transverse, angulated stripes, which comprise the principal 
 black spots, those being the largest (and as if confluent) at the 
 angle of each stripe. Sides towards the front black, with an 
 
479 
 
 under edging of yellow ; beneath the fore part, as well as on 
 the undor side, the abdomen is also black. 
 
 The abdomen of the male has, on the upper side numerous 
 minute black tuberclos, and some long, strong, spine-like bristles. 
 The digital joint of the palpus is large, oval ; the palpal organs 
 compact, but rather complex. 
 
 Found in July, 1858, at Lyndhurst, Hants. 
 
 GENUS STEATODA, Sund. 
 STEATODA ? HiEMATOSTIGMA. 
 
 Theridion h^matostigma, lilackw., La., p. 198, pi. XXV., fig. 129, 
 
 Length of the female 1 line. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax pale brown, with a faint dark marginal line, 
 and dark converging lines on the thorax. Legs moderately long, 
 very hairy, and similar to the cephalo-thorax in colour. Abdomen 
 oval, dark grey, approaching to black on the upper part, on which 
 is a broad, longitudinal, central, pale, or white band, containing 
 an impressed reddish spot, about one third of the length from 
 the fore extremity, and emitting several short, narrow, pale 
 stripes on either side of its hinder half ; the under side is grey, 
 edged by a double black line, enclosing a white space. 
 
 Common in dark walks at Cranmore, Ireland. (R. Templeton, 
 M.S). 
 
 I have not seen this spider, which, it seems to me, is most 
 probably a Steatoda, rather than a Thwidion sensu stricto. 
 
 STEATODA VEESUTA 
 
 Theridion versutum, Blachv., I.e., p. 193, pi. xiv., fig. 124. 
 
 Length of the male nearly Jth of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax reddish-brown; legs long, 1.4.2.3., yellowish 
 brown. Eadial joint of palpus stronger than the cubital, and pro- 
 duced in a rounded form on its outer side ; palpal organs rather 
 complex, with a prominent process on the inner side, and a strong, 
 curved spine at their extremity. Abdomen oval, black above, 
 
480 
 
 with a large, white, crescent-shapod marking at the fore 
 extremity, and threo longitudinal rows of whito spots, which 
 diminish in size towards the spinners. 
 
 A fine and very distinct spider, totally unlike anything else 
 hitherto found in Britain. 
 
 Found noar Winchester in the month of July. 
 
 STEATODA CLARKII. 
 
 Steatoda clarkii, Camlr., Ann. and Mag. N.H., 1879, ser. 5, 
 vol. iv., p. 193. 
 
 Length of an immature female 2 lines. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax constricted laterally on the margins at caput, 
 and of a yellow-brown colour. 
 
 Eyes rather large and closely grouped in a transverse, oval 
 figure ; those of the hind-central and lateral pairs nearly equal 
 in size, and pearly white ; those of the fore-central pair dark 
 coloured, further apart than those of the hind-central pair, but 
 forming a line of nearly about equal length ; those of the hinder 
 row are equidistant from each other, separated by intervals of 
 less than an eye's diameter ; and the four centrals form a square. 
 
 Legs short, 1.4.2.3., tolerably strong, and of a brownish-yellow 
 colour. Abdomen oval, tolerably convex above, and projecting a 
 good deal over the base of the cephalo-thorax. Colour brownish- 
 yellow-white on the upper side, with a broadish submarginal 
 band of red-brown, interrupted at the fore extremity, and 
 at three other places on each sido, by transverse brownish- 
 yellow distinct lines. Sides and underpart brownish-yellow, the 
 former marked and spotted with reddish-brown near the posterior 
 extremity. Sternum dark yellow-brown. 
 
 A single example of this very distinct species was received 
 some years ago, among many other spiders, from the late Eov. 
 Hamlet Clark, by whom it was found near Torquay. Owing to 
 having been accidentally mislaid it has until very lately, escaped 
 notice. 
 
481 
 
 GENUS EURYOPIS MENGE. 
 
 EURYOPIS PRONA. 
 
 Steatoda prona, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx., p. 324. 
 
 Tiieridiost pronum, Cambr., I.e. xxviii., p. 535. 
 
 Paohydaotylus pronus, Menge, Preuss. Spinn. 177, pi. 33, fig. 80. 
 
 Longth of the male l-10th of an inch. Female rather larger. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax round-oval, of great, but uniform, convexity ; 
 normal grooves and indentations obsolete ; ocular area small, 
 horizontally prominent. Colour yellow-brown, strongly suff used 
 with a darker hue. Clypeus of great height, and projecting at 
 its lower margin. Falces very small. Legs short, 1.4.2.3, dull 
 yellowish, or yellow-brown ; tibiae strongly suffused with dark- 
 brown, as also are the metatarsi of the fourth pair. The 
 palpi of the male, similar to the legs in colour, and rather long ; 
 cubital joint short and tumid ; radial smaller ; digital large, 
 oval, dark-brown. Palpal organs prominent, rather complex, 
 but compact, and directed outwards. Abdomen oval, very 
 convex above, and obtuse at each end, of a blackish brown 
 colour, clothed with short pale hairs. Spinners of about equal 
 length ; but those of the inferior pair are greatly the strongest. 
 
 Pound in June, 1870, near Newhavon, Sussex, on furze 
 bushes when in bloom, as well as among the stems and at the 
 roots of low herbage. It is nearly allied to Earyopis inomata , 
 Cambr. (p. 100), but is rather larger and is of a much duller 
 colour ; the eyes also are smaller, and the palpi longer ; the digital 
 joints being smaller, and the palpal organs rather different in 
 structure. 
 
 EURYOPIS BLACKWALLII. 
 
 Theridion blaokwallii, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 419, 
 pi. 55, No. 16. 
 
 Adult male length l-10th of an inch. 
 
 Allied to Euryopis inomata, Cambr. (p. 1 00), but larger. Cephalo. 
 thorax bright yellow-brown ; abdomen black on the upper side, 
 
482 
 
 with a pale, white-spotted, marginal band surrounding two-thirds 
 of its length from the fore extremity ; and a similar, longitudinal, 
 central, dentated band reaches to the spinners, just above which 
 is a conspicuous white spot. Upper surface of the abdomen 
 covered with minute, shining, yellow-brown tubercles. 
 
 Legs rather short, 1.4.2.3., yellow, faintly, but broadly, 
 annulated with orange-brown. Cubital joint of palpus bent, 
 and enlarged at its fore extremity, which bears a long, prominent 
 bristle ; radial joint short, produced at its outer extremity, which 
 is furnished with some bristly hairs ; digital joint very large ; 
 palpal organs very prominent, directed outwards, and not very 
 complex. 
 
 Found in 1869 by Mr. W. Farren in Wicken Fen, near 
 Cambridge, and also subsequently by myself at Oxford. 
 
 ?EUBYOPIS FUSCA. 
 
 Theredion ftjscum, Blackw., I.e., p. 197. 
 
 Length of the female 1-1 6th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax very convex immediately behind the eyes ; 
 thorax depressed. Abdomen subglobose, somewhat depressed, 
 glossy, and projecting greatly over base of cephalo-thorax. Legs 
 robust, 1.4.2.3., furnished with hairs, and a few fine spines. The 
 whole spider is of a dark reddish-brown colour, with some obscure 
 spots of a deeper shade on the abdomen. 
 
 Found on railings, and under stones in pastures, towards the 
 close of the year, near Llanrwst, North Wales. 
 
 The genus of this spider, which I have never seen, appears 
 to be rather doubtful. 
 
 GENUS NEKIENE, Blackw. 
 
 NERIENE PROMISCUA. 
 
 Nebiene fromiscua, Cambr. 
 
 Eather smaller than Neriene dentipalpis, Wid. (p. 108), to 
 which, as well as to Neriene longipalpis, Sund. (p. 107), and 
 Neriene atra, Blackw. (p. 106), it is nearly allied and bears strong 
 
483 
 
 resemblance, both in colour and structure. From the first of 
 the above-named spiders it differs in the much narrower radial 
 joint of the male palpus, resembling it, however, in having a 
 small tooth-like spine beneath that joint; this spine also at once 
 distinguishes it from the two latter species. 
 
 Found in Scotland, North Wales, Yorkshire, and near 
 Brighton. 
 
 NEEIENE PASCALIS. 
 
 Neriene pasoalis, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 542, pi. 
 46, fig. 12. 
 
 Adult male, length 1 line. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax much resembles in form that of Neriene 
 lonqvpalpis Sund. (p. 107). 
 
 Eyes of fore-central pair as large as those of the hind-central. 
 
 Legs not very long, 1.4.2.3; moderately strong. 
 
 The whole of the fore-part of this spider is of a dull, greenish 
 yellow-brown hue. The abdomen sooty black and glossy. Eadial 
 joint of palpus much stronger than the cubital, and equally pro- 
 duced both before and behind, being bluntish pointed at its 
 upper fore extremity, and its outer margin strongly emarginate. 
 Digital joint large, oblong-oval, equal in length to (or exceeds) 
 tho humeral joint. Palpal organs not very complex. 
 
 Found near Dunkeld, Scotland. 
 
 NERIENE TIBIALIS. 
 
 Neriene tibialis, Blackw., I.e., p. 266. 
 
 Length of the male 1 line. 
 
 This spider is closely allied to Neriene nigra Blackw. (p. 109). 
 and closely resembles it both in colours, form, and general 
 structure. It may, however, be distinguished readily by the 
 strong and very conspicuous incrassation of the tibise of the first 
 pair of legs. 
 
 Found in North Wales, under stones, in March ; and also on 
 the Cheviot Hills, Scotland. 
 
484 
 NERIENE CUKTIPES. 
 
 Neriene curtipes, Cambr., Proc. Berwickshire Nat. Hist. Club 
 vii., p. 314. 
 
 Length of the male 1 line. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax deep shining black-brown. Occipital region 
 of the caput rather elevated, rounded, and furnished with a few 
 hairs. Ocular region a little prominent. Clypeus prominent 
 below, its height exceeding half that of facial space. 
 
 Legs short, 1.4.2.3, slender, yellowish red-brown; palpi short, 
 and similar to the legs in colour ; radial joint stronger than the 
 cubital, with its upper and outer sides slightly emarginato, leaving 
 a small, prominent, obtuse point at the middle of the fore 
 extremity. Digital joint large, and of a regular oval form; palpal 
 organs compact, and not very complex ; a strong, dark, brown, 
 spiny process curves closely round their inner margin, from the 
 outer side of their base to the fore part of the inner side, where 
 it is met by the point of a slender filiform black spine, which 
 issues from near their fore part on the outer side, and traverses 
 them in close contact, in a directly transverse direction. 
 
 Abdomen obscure greenish black, the cuticle having a semi- 
 coriaceous and slight punctuose appearance. 
 
 Found in Berwickshire. 
 
 NERIENE RUDIS. 
 
 Neriene iutois, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.H., 1879, ser. 5, vol. 
 iv., p. 179. 
 
 Length of the adult female rather more than 1£ lines. 
 
 The profile of the uppor part of tho caput of this spider forms 
 a strong curve, the occipital region being considerably convex ; 
 the lateral constrictions on the lower margins of tho caput are 
 but slight. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is a bright, shining, yellow- 
 brown, the legs (which are tolerably long, rather slender, and 
 furnished with hairs and a few fine bristles) being a little lighter 
 
485 
 
 in hue, while the falces, maxillae, labium, and sternum are 
 darker. The falces are long, powerful, vertical, and prominent 
 near their base in front, being also armed with a row of five 
 strongish teeth on the inner side of the extremity of each. 
 
 The eyes are in the ordinary position and seated on dark 
 tubercles ; they are rather small, and do not differ very greatly 
 in size. Those of the hind-central pair are much nearer to each 
 other than each is to the hind-lateral eye on its side, the interval 
 between them being equal to a little moro than an eye's 
 diameter ; those of the fore-central pair are almost contiguous 
 to each other. The clypeus projects evenly forwards, and its 
 height rather exceeds half that of the facial space. The palpi 
 are tolerably long, similar in colour to the logs (the radial and 
 digital joint having a deeper tinge), and devoid of any terminal 
 claw. 
 
 The abdomen is of an oblong, somewhat cylindric-ovate form, 
 rather broadest at its hinder extremity ; its colour is black, and it 
 is thinly clothed with hairs. The genital aperture is large, 
 prominent, of characteristic form, and of a dark blackish and 
 red-brown colour. A damaged example of the male appeared 
 to show but little difference from the female in general characters 
 and appearance. The falces, however, are less powerful, and 
 the abdomen shorter and less cylindric in its form. The palpi 
 have the cubital and radial joints short; the latter is consider- 
 ably produced at its fore extremity on the upper side ; the 
 termination being obtusely pointed and directed slightly out- 
 wards; and on the outer margin of the joint is a rather dense 
 tuft of strong black hairs. The digital joint is large, and of 
 a short roundish-oval form ; the palpal organs are prominent 
 and complex ; near their extremity, on the inner side, is a strong, 
 tapering, sharp pointed black spine, which curves round in a 
 nearly circular form underneath the fore extremity of the digital 
 joint, and has its hair-like point in contact with the outer side 
 of the palpal organs, at whose extremity there are also several 
 other prominent corneous processes and spines. At the base 
 of the palpal organs, on tho outer side, is a strong, curved 
 
486 
 
 procoss, somewhat obscured by the tuft of hairs on the outside 
 of the radial joint. 
 
 Examples of this spider, which I believe to be hitherto 
 undescribed, were contained in a collection made by Mr. H. C. 
 Young, of Glasgow, near that city, and kindly sent to me for 
 determination. 
 
 NERIENE HUTHWAITII. 
 
 Neriene huthwaitii, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.H., 3rd ser., 
 vol. vii., p. 436, and Blackw., I.e., p. 260, 
 pi. xviii., fig. 176. 
 
 Length of the male 3-20ths of an inch. 
 
 Nearly allied to Neriene affinis, Bl. (p. 114), but differs in the 
 shorter, and rather stronger, though similarly formed, palpi. 
 The falces are longer, but want the strong tooth in front. The 
 radial joint of the palpus is nearly or quite double the length 
 of the cubital, whereas these two joints in Neriene affinis 
 are oqual. The general colouring also in the present spider is 
 less bright. 
 
 Found at Calke Abbey, near Derby ; also on Dartmoor, and 
 on tho Cheviot Hills, but exceedingly rare. 
 
 NERIENE AGRESTIS. 
 
 Neriene aqrestis, Blaokw., I.e., p. 276 (exclude references to 
 pi. xix., fig. 190, and pi. xxii., fig. D). 
 
 The length of the adult male is 1-1 0th of an inch. 
 
 Having very lately (July 6, 1 880) received from Mr. F. M. 
 Campbell, of Hoddesdon, an example of what I feel but little 
 doubt is the true Neriene agrestis, Blackw., I have come to the 
 conclusion that the spider described under that name (p_ 
 115) belongs to the very closely allied species Neriene fusca, 
 Blackw. These two spiders are so nearly allied that Mr. Black- 
 wall himself (who had long before lost the types of the two 
 species) some years ago repeatedly returned to me spiders of the 
 species described at p. 115 under the names of both fusca and 
 
487 
 
 agrestis. The figures given of these two species in his work 
 (I.e. pis. xix. and xxii.) are all taken from examples of the 
 spider described at p. 115). These were sent to him by my- 
 self, and are still in my collection. 
 
 The true Neriene agrestis, Bl. (now recorded), differs from 
 Neriene fusca, Bl. (Neriene agrestis, BL, Cambr., p. 115), in being 
 rather larger. The cephalo-thorax is of a darker, richer brown, 
 and has not the perceptible convexity or slight gibbosity at the 
 occiput which distinguishes the male of that species, and the 
 legs are of a redder hue. The clypeus is also less in height, being 
 less than half that of the facial space, while in Neriene fusca, Bl. 
 (Neriene agrestis, BL, Cambr.), it equals or slightly even exceeds 
 half. The two last differential characters are very marked and 
 reliable. 
 
 The palpi in both spiders are very similar ; but the cusps of 
 the apophysis at the fore-extremity on the upper side of the 
 radial joint are rather stronger, and more widely separated in 
 the present species ; and on the inner side a little way from the 
 jnner one of the two cusps is a very minute prominent point not 
 observable in Neriene fusca ; the extremity on the under side is 
 also more distinctly produced, and the palpal organs differ a 
 little in structure. 
 
 The example received from Mr. Campbell is the first I have 
 ever seen of the species, though it would probably be found to 
 be not rare in its locality. It does not appear to have been 
 rare in North Wales at the time it was described by Mr. Black- 
 wall, who also records it from Berwickshire. 
 
 NERIENE EXCISA. 
 
 Neriene exoisa, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 440, pi. 
 lvi., No. 29. 
 
 Male, length 1-1 0th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dark brown, minutely punctuose ; caput raised, 
 or gibbous behind the eyes. The gibbous part is rather prominent 
 in front, where it is clothed with short hairs, but it melts away, 
 
without any strong line of demarcation, into the sides and hinder 
 part of the caput. 
 
 Legs moderately long, pale yellowish. 
 
 Palpi similar in colour to the legs, moderate in length and 
 strength ; tho radial joint is shorter than the cubital, and has its 
 fore-extremity, on the upper side, produced into a rather long, 
 tapering, sharp-pointed apophysis, whose extremity is slightly 
 curved outwards and upwards. Digital joint of moderate size, 
 palpal organs complex, with two or more black spines at their 
 extremity. 
 
 Abdomen short, broad-oval, and of a sooty-black colour. 
 
 Found near Paisley, and also in Northumberland and Ber- 
 wickshire. Allied to Neriene wpicata, Bl. (p. 115), Neriene retusa> 
 "Westr. (p. 116), Neriene gibbosa, Bl. (p. 117), and Neriene tuberosa, 
 Bl. (p. 1 1 7), but easily distinguished by the form of the occipital 
 gibbosity, as well as by the structure of the palpi. 
 
 NERIENE DOUGLASII. 
 
 Neriene Dotjgxasii, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.IL, 4th ser., vol. 
 16, p. 247, pi. viii., fig. 5. 
 
 Length of an immature female 1 J line. 
 
 Oephalo-thorax yellow ; occiput, and converging lines on the 
 sides, dusky black ; lateral margins of thorax black. 
 
 Legs long, 1.4.2.3., pale yellow, armed with numerous coarse 
 hairs, and a very few longish, slender, spine-like bristles. 
 
 The eyes of the posterior row are divided by equal intervals 
 of an eye's diameter. 
 
 Abdomen dull greenish-black above and on the sides, with a 
 darker, coarse, longitudinal stripe on the fore-part, and a series 
 of tolerably distinct pale yellowish, obliquely opposed spots or 
 patches in pairs along the middle of the upper side towards the 
 spinners. The first pair are the largest, and of an oval form ; 
 the next moro elongate, the rest are simply transverse angular 
 bars. Under side dull pale yellowish, with a broad, longitudinal) 
 
black band enclosing the spinners and reaching to the antorior 
 extremity. 
 
 Found near Castle Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire, and also 
 near Glasgow. 
 
 It is possible that Neriene Douglasii may be only a young 
 example of Linyphia {Neriene, Bl.) abnormis Bl., which is, at any 
 rate, a very closely allied species, and has, as I have lately 
 ascertained, a very similar abdominal pattern ; but as there 
 appear to be some points of difference between the two spiders, 
 I hesitate to pronounce them identical, until the discovery of 
 adults of Neriene Douglasii in the locality where the type was 
 found, sets the matter at rest. 
 
 NERIENE LAPIDICOLA. 
 Neriene lapidicola, Thor., Syn. Eur. Spid., p. 443. 
 „ rotipes, Blaclcw., I.e., p. 251. 
 
 Length of the female 3-20ths of an inch. Male rather smaller. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax light red-brown. Logs 4.1.2.3., furnished 
 with hairs and a few spines, and similar in colour to the cephalo- 
 thorax. Humeral joint of the male palpus enlarged at its 
 extremity; cubital and radial joints short; the former is the 
 strongest, and has a few long bristles at its fore-extremity, the 
 latter has an obtuse process on the under side of the upper part. 
 Digital joint oval, with a small protuberance at its base on the 
 inner side. Palpal organs prominent and complex with spine-like 
 
 Abdomen brownish-black. 
 
 Found on railings and under stones at Crumpsall, in Lanca- 
 shire. [I have never seen this spider, but it appears to be allied 
 to Neriene livida, Bl. (p. 122) and Neriene viaria, Bl. (p. 127)~|. 
 
 NERIENE INCISA. 
 
 Nekiene inoisa, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 447, pi. 
 lvii., No. 34. 
 Female, length l-7th of an inch. 
 
490 
 
 Cephalo-thorax small, with, a strong notch or depression, on the 
 upper side at the junction of the caput and thorax, very con- 
 spicuous when looked at in profile ; colour, orange-yellow. Legs 
 similar in colour, moderate in length and strength, and furnished 
 with numerous long fine hairs. Abdomen large, glossy, and 
 dull black. 
 
 Found under a stone near Llanrwst, North "Wales, in the 
 month of April, 1860; and since then received from near Paris. 
 
 NERIENE MYSTICA. 
 
 Neeeene mtstica, Cambr, Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist. 1879, vol. 
 iv., ser. 5, p. 201, pi. xii., fig. 5. 
 
 Adult female, length 1 line. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of an elongate-oval form, somewhat 
 drawn out at the fore-extremity ; the clypeus projects, and is 
 equal in height to half that of the facial space. It is of a dull 
 greenish yellow-brown colour ; the margins and some vein-like 
 converging lines blackish, and the fore part suffused slightly 
 with a sooty hue. The hinder slope has a very large deepish 
 extended indentation, giving it a hollow appearance in profile, 
 with a prominence at the thoracic junction, and a correspond- 
 ingly deep depression directly behind the occiput, which is a 
 very little gibbous ; the ocular area slopes forwards, and the 
 clypeus projects in a slightly upturned form ; the whole profile 
 line is thus characteristically, but unusually irregular. Behind 
 each lateral pair of eyes is a slight, longitudinal, indentation 
 running backwards. The ocular area is of a broadish transverse 
 oval shape, and the eyes are rather closely grouped together, 
 those of the hind-central pair, which are the largest, are further 
 from each other than each is from the lateral on its side, the 
 interval being about equal to an eye's diameter. The interval 
 between the fore-contrals is very small, and each is contiguous 
 to the fore-lateral next to it ; the lateral pairs are placed very 
 slightly obliquely. The legs are slender, rather short, of a palo 
 
491 
 
 orange-yellow colour, furnished with hairs, and (chiefly on the 
 tibial joints) with a few erect slender bristles. 
 
 The falces are small, straight, slightly inclined backwards, 
 and (with the maxillse, labium, and sternum) similar in colour to 
 the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 The abdomen is large, tolerably convex above, of a somewhat 
 oblong-oval form, and projects, though not greatly, over the 
 base of the thorax ; it is of a dull black hue tinged with olive, 
 glossy, and very sparingly clothed with hairs. A very broad, 
 strong, prominent process is connected with the genital aperture ; 
 the extremity being of a somewhat re-curved form. 
 
 A single example of this spider was received about the middle 
 of June, 1879, from the late Colonel Pickard, E.A., V.O., by 
 whom it was found at Balmoral Castle, Scotland. The very 
 peculiar and irregular profile line of the cephalo-thorax, the 
 projecting clypeus, and prominent genital process will serve 
 to distinguish this species from all its congeners known to me. 
 
 NERIENE SUBLIMIS. 
 
 Neriene sublimis, Cambr., Proc. Berwickshire, N.H. Club vii., 
 p. 314. 
 
 Length of the male l-10th of an inch; female larger, being 
 nearly 2 lines in length ; of slender form, and allied to Neriene 
 fu&cipatpis, C. L. Koch (p. 129), but readily distinguished by its 
 larger size, redder-brown legs, slenderer falces, and the structure 
 of the palpal organs. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax deep brown. 
 
 Legs long, 4.1.2.3., slender, yellow-brown, the femora strongly 
 tinged with red. 
 
 Palpi of the male short, radial joint strongest, with its outer 
 extremity produced into a short, slight point, and a slightly 
 angular point at the extremity in front, rather towards the innor 
 side. Cubital joint rather nodiform, with a longish, slightly 
 sinuous bristle directed forwards from its anterior side. Digital 
 joint of tolerable size, and somewhat angularly prominent 
 
492 
 
 towards its base on the outer side. Palpal organs prominent and 
 complex, but less compact and more prominent than in Neriene 
 fuscipalpis. A strong process projects prominently backwards 
 and inwards, its extremity slightly curved, and terminating in 
 an obtuse, or squarish point ; another, lying along tho outer 
 side, has its fore extremity bifid or forked. 
 
 Abdomen of the male small, glossy, and black. 
 
 Found on the top of the Cheviot Hills. 
 
 NERIENE DECORA. 
 Neriene decoba, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc., xxvii., p. 438. 
 
 Length of the male 1 line. 
 
 Closely allied to Neriene subtilis, Cambr., and Neriene innotabilis, 
 Ibid. (p. 131), resembling them very nearly in general structure 
 and appearance, but easily distinguished by its uniform reddish 
 yellow-brown cephalo-thorax and legs, and by the conical 
 enlargment on the outer side of the digital joint of the palpus 
 being far less prominent. This joint has also at its base 
 a pointed prominence, the point of which is almost in contact 
 with the inner extremity of the radial joint. The cubital joint 
 has a single fine straight shortish bristle in front. The eyes of 
 the posterior row are equi-distant from each other. Abdomen 
 glossy black -brown. 
 
 Found at the roots of grass and low plants at Formby Hall, 
 near Liverpool, on the 12th of July, 1859. 
 
 NERIENE CLARA. 
 
 Neriene ciara, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 544., pi. 
 xivi., fig. 14. 
 
 Length of the female 1 J line. 
 
 Genoral form and structure of ordinary type. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax deep, rich shining black ehesnut-brown, and 
 its surface somewhat rugulose or striated. 
 
 Legs bright reddish-orange, genual joints rather paler ; tibiw 
 of the first pair rather incrassated. 
 
493 
 
 Palpi similar in colour to the legs, the humeral joint being 
 paler. 
 
 Falces reddish-brown, a little divergent at their extremities. 
 
 Sternum similar in colour to the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 Abdomen black tinged with olive. 
 
 This spider is somewhat similar in colours and appearance to 
 the female of Walchendera cuspidata, Bl. (p. 146) and W. unicornis, 
 Cambr. (147), but at present I think it is distinct from both. 
 
 Pound on the Cheviot Hills, and in the Orkneys. 
 
 NEEIENE PUDENS. 
 
 Neriene pudens, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 544, pi. 
 xlvi., fig. 15. 
 
 Length of the female If lines. 
 
 Very similar in general form and structure to Neriene clara 
 Cambr. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dark reddish-brown. Legs and palpi yellow- 
 brown, tinged with orange ; the former less strong than those 
 of Neriene clara, and the fore tibise are not incrassated. Abdomen 
 dull black tinged with olive. Eyes rather large, laterals of 
 anterior row largest. Easily distinguished from Neriene clara by 
 a striking difference in the form of the genital aperture. 
 
 Found on the Cheviot Hills. 
 
 NERIENE PAVITANS. 
 
 Neriene pavttans, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc, p. 543, pi. xlvi., 
 fig. 13. 
 
 Length of the female 1 J lines. 
 
 Nearly allied, and very similar, to Neriene clara, Cambr., and 
 Neriene pudens, Cambr., but rather less brightly colourod than the 
 former, without any striation or regulosity of the surface of the 
 cephalo-thorax ; and the height of the clypeus is also less, being 
 
494 
 
 only just half that of the facial space. Legs 4.1.2.3. The tibiee 
 of the first pair are rather incrassated (like those of Neriene 
 clara). The eyes are smaller than those of Neriene pudens. Form 
 of the genital aperture very distinct. 
 Found on the Cheviot Hills. 
 
 NERIENE MORULA. 
 
 Neriene mortjla, Catnbr., Trans. Linn. Soo. p. 545, pi. xlvi., fig. 
 16. 
 
 Length of the male 1 line, female rather larger. 
 
 General form and structure of ordinary type. 
 
 Cephalo -thorax deep yellow-brown ; legs and palpi dull 
 orange ; abdomen blackish ; palpi of the male shorter. Eadial 
 joint much stronger than the cubital, with some longish bristly 
 hairs towards the outer side in front, and produced at the fore 
 extremity of the upper side into a tapering, pointed, very slightly 
 curved apophysis nearly equal to the joint in length, and its 
 point directed inwards. Digital joint of moderate size, palpal 
 organs prominent and complex. Eyes of the hind-central pair 
 further from each other, than each is from the lateral, of the 
 same row next to it. 
 
 Easily distinguished from many other small, very similar, and 
 allied species by the form of the radial joint of the palpus. 
 
 Found on the Cheviot Hills. 
 
 NERIENE FDRVA. 
 
 Neriene fcrva, Blackw., I.e., p. 253. 
 
 Length of the male l-9th of an inch. 
 
 Apparently of ordinary general form. Cephalo-thorax dark- 
 brown, slightly tinged with red, and darkest on the caput. 
 
 Legs robust, of a red tint. 
 
 Falces strong, and convex in front. 
 
 Palpi similar in colour to the legs. Cubital and radial joints 
 short ; the former strongest, the latter has two apophyses at its 
 
495 
 
 extremity, one in front, terminating in a point and with a small acute 
 process on the inner side ; the other underneath, with a pointed 
 process on the outer side. Palpal organs prominent and com- 
 plex, with a corneous process at their upper part, curved out- 
 wards. 
 
 Abdomen brownish-black. 
 
 Found under a piece of rock in a wood, North Wales, in June. 
 [I have not seen this spider.] 
 
 NERIENE PULLA. 
 
 Neriene fttlla, Blackw., I.e., p, 256. 
 
 Length of the male 1-1 lth of an inch. 
 
 Of ordinary general form and appearance. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dark brown. Legs reddish-brown. Palpi 
 red-brown ; cubital and radial joints short ; the latter has on its 
 outer side, a large process rounded at the extremity, and a small 
 one on its inner side. Palpal organs prominent and complex. 
 Abdomen, yellowish-brown, with numerous minute spots and 
 fine streaks of a deeper shade. 
 
 Found on railings in the month of June, in North Wales. [I 
 have not seen this spider.] 
 
 NERIENE LTJGUBRIS. 
 
 Neeiene lugubris, Blaoho., I.e., p. 261. 
 
 Length of the male l-12th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brownish-black. Caput rather prominent, and 
 depressed on the sides. Legs red-brown. Palpi brown-black. 
 Cubital and radial joints short ; the latter much the strongest, with 
 an obtuse apophysis at its extremity underneath, and a larger 
 one in front, curved outwards and somewhat pointed at ita 
 extremity ; the digital joint has a bold protuberance near its 
 base on the outer side ; papal organs prominent and complex. 
 Abdomen black. 
 
496 
 
 Found on railings in June, near Manchester. [I have not 
 seen this spider.] 
 
 NERIENE AVIDA. 
 
 Neriene avida, Blachw., I.e., p. 263. 
 
 Length of the female l-12th of an inch; male rather smaller 
 
 Sexes similar in colour. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of the male has the forepart somewhat 
 gibbous, and a small indentation behind each lateral pair of eyes. 
 Colour brown. Legs tinged with red. Eadial joint of palpus 
 largor than the cubital, with a pointed apophysis at its extremity 
 in front. Digital joint somewhat oval; its base slender and 
 curved outwards, and there is a lobe near the middle of its outer 
 side. Palpal organs prominent and complex, with a bold pro- 
 jection near their base on the inner side, and a long, black, con- 
 voluted, filiform spine, enveloped in membrane, extending from 
 their upper part beyond the extremity. Abdomen brownish- 
 black. 
 
 Both sexes found on railings in April, North Wales. [I have 
 not seen this apparently very distinct spider.] 
 
 NERIENE TIMIDA. 
 
 Neriene timida, Blackw., I.e., p. 263. 
 
 Length of the female 1-1 2th of an inch. Male rather smaller. 
 Sexes similar in colour. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dark-brown. Legs pale reddish-brown. 
 Abdomen black. 
 
 Palpi of the male short; radial joint much stronger than the 
 cubital ; digital joint oval ; palpal organs complex, with a sliort, 
 prominent spine, enveloped in membrane at their extremity. 
 
 Found on railings, in the month of April, in North Wales. 
 [I have not seen this spider.] 
 
497 
 
 NERIENE MINIMA. 
 
 Argus minimus, Walcl., Ins. Apt. iv., p. 512. 
 Neriene parva, Blachw., I.e., p. 265. 
 
 Length of the male l-20th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brown, and of normal form; compressed before, 
 rounded on the sides. Legs similar in colour. Palpi also brown ; 
 radial joint produced in front, very prominent, and pointed, 
 with a large process near its base on the inner side ; digital 
 joint oval ; palpal organs prominent and complex, with a 
 prominent process on their outer side, and one or two small pointed 
 ones at their extremity. Falces darker coloured than the cephalo- 
 thorax, with a tooth-like process in front near the extremity. 
 
 Abdomen dark -brown. 
 
 Pound on railings, in the month of January, in North Wales. 
 
 [I have not seen this minute spider, which appears to be a very 
 distinct one.] 
 
 NERIENE SULCATA. 
 
 Neriene sulcata, Blachw., I.e., p. 284. 
 
 Length of the male 1-1 2th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brown-black, with a small longitudinal 
 indentation immediately behind each lateral pair of eyes. Legs 
 red, tinged with brown. Palpi similar to the legs in colour. 
 Cubital and radial joints short; the latter strongest, with a 
 somewhat pointed apophysis at its extremity in front ; digital 
 joint irregular oval, with a lobe near the middle of the outer 
 side. Palpal organs prominent and complex, with a long, black, 
 filiform spine, enveloped in delicate membrane, and extending 
 from the upper part beyond their extremity. 
 
 Abdomen brownish-black. 
 
 Found on the doorsteps and gravol walk, in the months of 
 June and July, near Llanrwst, North Wales. [I have not seen 
 this spider. 
 
498 
 NERIENE DUBIA. 
 Neriene dubia, Blackw., I.e., p. 288. 
 
 Length of the male l-12th of an inch. 
 
 General form and structure normal. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax red-brown ; legs moderately long, armed with 
 a few fino spines, and of a pale red-brown colour; palpi of 
 a similar hue ; cubital and radial joints short, the latter con- 
 siderably produced on the outer side ; digital joint oval ; palpal 
 organs complex, with a prominent, slightly curved, pointed 
 spine near the middle, and two slender ones, enveloped in deli- 
 cate membrane, at their extremity. 
 
 Abdomen brownish black. 
 
 Found on railings near Manchester in the month of October, 
 and in Monmouthshire in summer time. [I have not seen this 
 spider.] 
 
 NERIENE MONTANA] 
 
 Neriene Montana, Blackw., I.e., p. 273. 
 
 Length of the male, 1-1 Oth of an inch. 
 
 Of ordinary form and general structure. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax pale yellow-brown. Legs brownish-red, armed 
 with a few fine spines. Palpi similar in colour ; cubital and 
 radial joints short ; the latter strongest and somewhat produced 
 at its extremity in front ; digital joint oval, with a small conical 
 process at its base, and a lobe near the middle of the outer side. 
 Palpal organs complex, with a prominent, curved, scale-like pro- 
 cess at their base on the outer side. Abdomen dark, yellowish- 
 brown. 
 
 Found at Ingleborough, Yorkshire, in the month of Septem- 
 ber. [I have not seen this spider.] 
 
 NERIENE PILOSA. 
 
 Neriene pilosa, Blackw., I.e., p. 283, pi. xix., fig. 196. 
 Length of the female £th of an inch. 
 
499 
 
 Apparently of ordinary general form and appearance. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax oval, pale-brown, with a fine, black, marginal 
 line. Legs brown, with a few very fine spines. 
 
 Abdomen pale yellowish-brown above, thickly covered with fine 
 black hairs, and of a blackish hue underneath. 
 
 Found at Cranmore, Ireland. [I have never seen this spider, 
 which appears to be a somewhat doubtful species."] 
 
 NEKIENE PALLIDULA. 
 
 Neriene fallidtjla, Blachw., I.e., p. 283, pi. xix., fig. 197. 
 
 Length of the female l-10th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax roundish, slightly compressed before, and of a 
 pale yellowish-brown colour, with converging deep brown lines 
 on the sides, and a fine black marginal line. Legs, 1.2.4.3., 
 hairy, spiny, and of a pale yellow colour. Abdomen ovate 
 yellowish-grey above, darker on the sides and behind, and 
 blackish underneath. In the middle is a dark, dagger-shaped 
 marking, followed, behind, with three double, dark, longitudinal 
 lines, which converge at the spinners. These lines are occasionally 
 obsolete. 
 
 Not uncommon at Cranmore, Ireland. [I have not seen this 
 spider, whose genus appears to be doubtful ; perhaps it may be 
 a Tlieridion.~] 
 
 NERIENE CAMNATA. 
 
 Neriene carinata, Blachw., I.e., p. 284, pi. xix., fig. 198. 
 
 Length of the female l-8th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brown, edged with black, and with black con- 
 verging lines on the sides ; its form is nearly round, with an ele- 
 vated ridge in the medial line, and the sides depressed until almost 
 horizontal. Abdomen ovate, greyish-black above, marked with 
 numerous waved, silvery linos; under-side jet black. Legs 
 brown, 1.4.2.3., moderately long, furnished with hairs and very 
 fine spines. 
 
500 
 
 Pound in the Grove at Cranmore, Ireland. [I have not seen 
 this spider. Like the last its genus appears rather doubtful.] 
 
 GENUS WALCKENAEEA, Blackw. 
 WALCKENAERA MINUTISSIMA. 
 
 Walckenaera minutissima, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 
 ser. 5, vol. iv. p. 203, pi. 12. 
 Adult female length % a line (l-24th of an inch). 
 The cephalo-thorax, legs, palpi, falces, maxillae, labium, and 
 sternum of this exceedingly minute spider are of a not very dark 
 brown colour, slightly tinged with reddish, the genual joints of 
 the legs being much paler than the rest. The abdomen is large, 
 of a globular form, and projects greatly over the thorax, its colour 
 being of a dull, olive green, strongly suffused with a sooty hue, 
 and its surface thinly clothed with short hairs. 
 
 In its general form this little spider is very like Walckenaera 
 brevipes, Westr. (p. 142) ; resembling it in the short, broad 
 cephalo-thorax, short legs, and round abdomen. It is, however, 
 a smaller spider, and of a paler hue, and, although the eyes are 
 in a very similar general position, they are larger and more closely 
 grouped together. The interval, however, between those of the 
 central pair of the hinder row is greater, being doublo that which 
 separates each of them from the lateral eye on its side ; whereas 
 in Walckenaera Irevipes the eyes of the hinder row are separated 
 equal intervals. In the present spider the position of the 
 eyes approaches very nearly to that of Pholcomma gibbum, "Westr. 
 (p. 82). The height of the clypeus, also, in Walckenaera minutis- 
 sima is greater than that of Walckenaera brevipes, being very 
 nearly equal to two-thirds of the height of the ocular area, while 
 in Walckenaera brevipes it is only a little more than one-half of 
 the height of that area. In the male (when discovered) the 
 height of the clypeus will probably be found to exceed two-thirds 
 of that of the ocular area. 
 
 The legs are slender, short, and furnished with hairs, one or 
 two being- erect. 
 
501 
 
 From Walckenaera brevis, Wid. (p. 142), the present spider 
 may be distinguished not only by the same characters in respect 
 to the eyes, which distinguish it from Walckenaera brevipes, but 
 by its much smaller size, paler colour, and the still greater pro- 
 portionate height of clypeus, which in Walckenaera brevis is no 
 more than half that of the ocular area. 
 
 Two adult females were received from my cousin, the late 
 Colonel Pickard, It. A., by whom they were found at Balmoral 
 Castle, Scotland, about the middle of June, 1879. 
 
 GENUS WALCKENAEEA, Blaclw. 
 WALCKENAERA SUBiEQUALIS. 
 
 Ekioone subjeqtjalis, Westr., Aran. Suec, p. 251. 
 "Walckenaera foktxjita, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 
 452, pi. lvii., No. 37. 
 Length of the male l-16th of an inch. Female somewhat 
 
 Cephalo-thorax, legs, and palpi dark-brown, tinged with 
 yellowish. The caput is rounded above, slightly elevated, and 
 has a narrow, longitudinal indentation behind each lateral pair 
 of eyes. Legs rather short and slender, 1.4.2.3., but there is not 
 much difference in their actual length. Palpi short. Eadial 
 joint stronger than the cubital, enlarged all round at its extremity, 
 chiefly before and behind ; the margin is uneven, but presents 
 no very marked prominences or projections. Digital joint rather 
 small, with a strongish lobe on the outer side, and slightly pro- 
 tuberant near the base on the inner side ; palpal organs rather 
 complex, with a very slender filiform spine enveloped in mem- 
 brane connected with their surface. Abdomen of a blackish 
 colour. The sexes resemble each other in colour. 
 
 Found among grass and other herbage in June, 1869, near the 
 Basingstoke Eailway Station. 
 
502 
 
 WALCKENAERA PRATENSIS. 
 
 Walckenaera pratensis, Blackw., I.e., p. 306, pi. xxi., fig. 222. 
 Length of the female £th of an inch. Male rather smaller. 
 Cephalo-thorax dark reddish-brown ; upper part of the caput 
 of the male slightly raised, with a transverse groove just in front 
 of the hind-central pair of eyes, joining in with a deep longitu- 
 dinal indentation behind each lateral pair ; height of the clypeus, 
 which is rather full and prominent, equal to half that of facial 
 space. 
 
 Eyes small. Thoso of the hind-central pair rather more than 
 a diameter apart, and each is removed from the hind-lateral ey e 
 on its side by an interval equal to that which separates each 
 fore-central eye from the fore-lateral on its side. There is a 
 distinct, but slight interval between the eyes of each of the 
 lateral, and fore-central pairs respectively. 
 
 Legs moderately long, rather slender, and of a reddish orange 
 colour. 
 
 Palpi similar in colour to the legs ; radial joint much stronger 
 than the cubital, being considerably expanded all round at its 
 fore extremity, and furnished with numerous coarse hairs. 
 Digital joint large, dark brown ; palpal organs complex, with 
 a strong black spine curved in a circular form at their extremity, 
 rather on the outer side, and forming a large, conspicuous coil, 
 within the curvature of which is a prominent, slightly curved, 
 pointed spine. 
 Abdomen rather large, glossy black. 
 The sexes are similar in colours. 
 
 Found among grass in meadows on the banks of the Conway, 
 near Llanrwst, in the month of April, 1860. 
 
 WALCKENAEBA MEADII. 
 
 Walokenaera meadii, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 450, 
 pi. lvii., No. 36. 
 Length of the male 1^- lines. 
 Cephalo-thorax glossy black-brown ; upper part of the caput 
 
503 
 
 round, and slightly elevated, with a longish, narrow, longitudinal 
 indentation running backwards from each hind-lateral eye; 
 the height of the clypeus exceeds half that of the facial space. 
 
 Eyes very similarly placed to those of Walckenaera pratensis, 
 Blackw. 
 
 Legs moderately long, 4.1.2.3., strong, bright orange-yellow. 
 
 Palpi rather short ; cubital joint rather longest at its fore- 
 extremity, which is a little produced in front ; radial joint very 
 short, but strong, and expands on all sides, mostly in front and 
 rather on the outer side, where there is a tuft of bristly hairs ; 
 digital joint short ; palpal organs prominent, but not very com- 
 plex, with a strong, black, circularly-curved spine at their outer 
 extremity, and from within its curvature, a strongish, yellow- 
 red-brown, black tipped, sharp, corneous process projects down- 
 wards. 
 
 Abdomen glossy black, rather large, of a flattened-convex 
 form on the upper side, the centre of which is occupied by four 
 round, impressed, red-brown spots, in a square, whose fore-side 
 is the shortest. 
 
 Closely allied to Walckenaera pratensis, Blackw., but among 
 other slight differences the eyes of the hind-central pair are 
 nearer together, forming a line scarcely longer than that 
 described by the fore-central pair, and the clypeus is proportion- 
 ately higher. 
 
 Found in "Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire. 
 
 WALCKENAERA INCURVATA. 
 
 Walokenaeea inctovata, Cambr., Trans. .Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 
 551, pi. xlvi., fig. 20. 
 
 Length of the male scarcely 4-5ths of a line. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax short, broad, greenish yellow-brown, with 
 darker, dusky, converging lines on the sides ; the upper part of 
 the caput is very slightly raised ; occiput full and rounded. 
 
504 
 
 Eyes of the hind-central pan* on the summit of the caput, oval, 
 oblique, and separated by scarcely a diameter's interval ; height 
 of the clypeus equal to half that of the facial space. 
 
 Legs pale yellow ; femora tinged with reddish-brown. 
 
 Palpi similar to the legs in colour; moderately long, and 
 rather slender ; radial joint rather stronger than the cubital, 
 with its fore-extremity on the upper side produced into a somewhat 
 tapering apophysis, whose pointed extremity is sharply recurved 
 or crooked downwards ; digital joint moderate in size ; palpal 
 organs encircled across the middle by a long, slender, tapering, 
 filiform black spine, which forms a bold curve below them, and 
 passes from the midway somewhat sinuously along the inner 
 side, terminating in a hair-like point beneath the extremity of 
 the digital joint. 
 
 Abdomen black, glossy, and covered, with minute punctures. 
 
 A very distinct and remarkable species, found near Aberdeen. 
 
 WALCKENAERA HAEDII. 
 
 Walokenaera haedii, Blackw., I.e., p. 292, pi. xx., fig. 206. 
 
 Length of the malo l-6th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax red-brown, rather prominent in front, with an 
 obtuse conical protuberance within the ocular area, and a little 
 in front of the hind-central eyes ; immediately behind the pro- 
 tuberance is a small tuft of hairs. 
 
 The legs are similar to the cephalo-thorax in colour. 
 
 Palpi red-brown ; radial and digital joints much the darkest ; 
 cubital and radial joints clavate ; the latter is the strongest, and 
 has a slightly tapering, obtusely pointed apophysis in front, and 
 a smaller one on the inner side. Palpal organs complex, with a 
 small curved spine enveloped in membrane at their extremity. 
 
 Abdomen brownish-black. 
 
 Found in Berwickshire, but very rare. Easily distinguished 
 by its large size from somo other species, which also have a 
 protuberance within the ocular area. 
 
505 
 
 WALCKENAERA SOBDIDATA. 
 
 EiuaoNE sobdidata, Thorell, Syn. Eur. Spid., p. 452. 
 Walckenaeba atba, Blackw., I.e., p. 300, pi. xxi., fig. 215. 
 
 Length of the female l-14th of an inch. Male rather smaller. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax black ; caput of the male, prominent but 
 obtuse, with an oblong indentatian on each side extending back- 
 wards from each lateral pair of eyes. 
 
 Legs and palpi brown. Cubital and radial joints of the male 
 palpus short ; radial much the strongest ; digital joint oval ; 
 palpal organs highly developed, complex, with a long, black, 
 very prominent, curved filiform spine enveloped in membrane » 
 originating about the middle of the outer side, and a short, 
 straight, pointed one at their extremity. 
 
 Abdomen black. 
 
 Found under stones, North "Wales, in May. fl have not seen 
 this spider.] 
 
 WALCKENAERA PARVA. 
 
 "Walckenaeba pabva, Blackw., I.e., p. 304, pi. xxi., fig. 219. 
 
 Length of the male about 1-1 8th of an inch; female 1-1 6th. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brown. Caput of the male very convex behind 
 the eyes, and with a longitudinal indentation immediately behind 
 each lateral pair. Legs brown ; palpi similar in colour ; radial 
 joint rather shorter and stronger than the cubital, and with an 
 acute prominent apophysis at its extremity in front. Palpal 
 organs not complex, but somewhat prominent. 
 
 Abdomen dark brown-black. 
 
 Found in numbers on railings, North Wales, in the months of 
 December and January. [I have not seen this spider.] 
 
 WALCKENAERA TURGIDA. 
 
 Walckenaeba tubgida, Blackw., I.e., p. 299, pi. xx., fig. 214. 
 Length of the female 1-1 3th of an inch. Male rather smaller. 
 
506 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dark-brown. Caput of the male has a strong 
 prominence deeply indented on the sides. 
 
 Eyes seated on the prominence, and before each hind-central 
 eye is a large obtuse protuberance. 
 
 Legs and palpi reddish-brown. Eadial joint rather larger 
 than the cubital ; the former has a strong bifid apophysis in 
 front ; its inner process being longer and moro pointed than the 
 outer one ; digital joint oval ; palpal organs prominent and com- 
 plex, with a fine curved spine at their extremity. 
 
 Abdomen brown, obscurely mottled with a deeper hue. 
 
 Found under stones and blocks of wood in plantations near 
 Manchester in autumn. [I have not seen this spider.] 
 
 WALCKENAERA BICOLOR. 
 
 Walokenaeba bioolob, Blachw., I.e., p. 303. 
 
 Length of the male l-16th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brown, prominent but obtuse before, with an 
 indentation immediately behind each lateral pair of eyes. 
 
 Legs moderately strong, brown. 
 
 Palpi similar to the legs in colour; cubital and radial joints 
 short, the latter much the strongest. Digital joint oval, with a 
 projection on the outer side. Palpal organs complex, with a 
 slender process at their base directed upwards, a bold protuber- 
 ance on the inner side, and a fine convoluted filiform spine 
 enveloped in membrane, and extending from their upper part to 
 the extremity. 
 
 Abdomen brownish-black. 
 
 Found on railings, North Wales, and under a stone near 
 Edinburgh, in July. 
 
 WALCKENAERA EXILIS. 
 
 Walokenaera exllis, Blachw., I.e., p. 305, pi. xxi.. fig. 220. 
 
 Length of the female, l-20th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dark brown, prominent before, with a narrow, 
 longitudinal indentation behind each lateral pair of eyes. The 
 
507 
 
 four central eyes form a narrow oblong trapezoid whose anterior 
 side is shortest. 
 
 Legs pale brown, moderately long. 
 
 Palpi like the legs in colour; radial and digital joints dark 
 brown; radial stronger than the cubital, with two pointed 
 apophyses at its extremity in front. Palpal organs very prominent 
 and complex, with a short, curved, black, projecting spine at 
 their extremity. 
 
 Abdomen small, yellowish-brown, with obscure marks of a 
 
 Found among moss at the root of a tree, North "Wales, in 
 the month of October. [I have not seen this spider.] 
 
 WALCKENAERA VAFKA. 
 
 Walokenaera vafra, Blackw., I.e., p. 308. 
 
 Length of the male 1-1 0th. of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brownish-red, with a strong, vertical promi- 
 nence in front ; the prominence is somewhat compressed on the 
 sides, surmounted with a few hairs, and of a dark brown colour 
 tinged with red. Two eyes are seated on summit of the promin- 
 ence and six (in three pairs) at its base in front. 
 
 Legs long, slender, bright yellowish-red. 
 
 Palpi similar to the legs in colour ; radial and digital joints 
 brown ; cubital joint clavate ; the radial has two apophyses at its 
 extremity, one on the inner side, large, pointed, and curved out- 
 wards in front of the digital joint; the other, large and obtuse, 
 on the outer side. Digital joint somewhat oval. Palpal organs 
 turned outwards, complex, with two long contiguous black 
 spines enveloped in membrane originating near the middle, and 
 ourved in a circular form on outer side. A shorter spine also 
 originates near the middle, and curves obliquely downwards. 
 
 Abdomen brownish-black. 
 
 Found under stones in North Wales in the month of October. 
 [I have not seen this very distinct spider.] 
 
508 
 
 WALCKENAERA CIRRIFRONS. 
 
 Walokenaera orRBiFRONS, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 
 458, pi. 57, No. 43. 
 
 Length of the male 1-1 6th of an inch. 
 
 Oephalo-thorax of a rich dark brown hue, broad and obtuse in 
 front. Caput has a slight but distinct eminence in the occipital 
 region. The eminence is paler than the rest, and a little gibbous 
 on each side of its summit at the fore part, each gibbosity 
 being furnished with a thin tuft of strongish bristly black hairs 
 directed forwards and outwards, and there is a deep longitudinal 
 indentation behind each lateral pair of eyes. The hind-central 
 eyes are in front of the top of the eminence. 
 
 Legs yellow, femora and tibia) tinged with reddish-orange. 
 
 Palpi yellow, cubital joint longer than the radial, curved and 
 slightly clavate ; radial joint enlarged at its extremity, produced 
 in front, mostly towards the inner side, into a subangular point 
 with an irregular margin, forming two or throe short points. 
 Digital joint small, short oval, yollow-brown ; palpal organs 
 rather complex, with two short, rather strong, black spines at 
 their extremity, one of which is slightly tortuous or corkscrew 
 
 Abdomen short-oval, black. Allied to Walckcmera scabrioula, 
 Westr. (p. 156). 
 
 Found at the roots of grasses on a sandy bank near Southport, 
 Lancashire, in the month of June, 1859. 
 
 WALCKENAEEA THORELLII. 
 
 Eriqone thorellii, Westr., Araneso Suec. p. 228. 
 "Walckenaera fastigata, Blackw., I.e., p, 314, pi. xxii., fig. 229. 
 
 Length of the male 1-1 2th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dark brown, fore part very prominent and 
 considerably elevated, with a large longitudinal indentation on 
 each side, and divided into two lobes by a deep transverse groove or 
 cleft in front. The elevated part is directed forwards, somewhat 
 
509 
 
 rounded in front, depressed along the middle, and furnished 
 with short hairs. The eyes of the hind-central pair are seated 
 on the summit, and divided only by a diameter's interval. The rest 
 are on the lower lobo, the fore part of which is clothed with 
 hairs. 
 
 Legs rather long, slender, yellowish red. 
 
 Palpi similar to the legs in colour. Cubital joint strong, 
 clavate ; radial joint much smaller, produced and pointed at its 
 extremity in front. Digital joint of moderate size, round-oval, 
 dark yellow-brown. Palpal organs prominent and rather com- 
 plex. Abdomen brownish-black. 
 
 Found among moss near Southport, Lancashire, in the month 
 of June. Also received from Nuremberg, Bavaria, as well as 
 from near Paris. A very striking and distinct species. 
 
 WALCKENAERA NODOSA. 
 
 Walokenaera nodosa, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 550, 
 pi. xlvi., fig. 21. 
 
 Length of the male 1J line. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax pale yellowish-brown. Logs and palpi pale 
 yellowish. Abdomen dull blackish ; probably these colours would 
 be deeper and richer in older examples, the one described from 
 having evidently not long effected its final moult. 
 
 The fore part of the caput is elevated into a roundish, not very 
 large, knob -like eminence, well defined, and divided on the sides 
 and hinder part, from the rest of the caput, by a deep groovo or 
 indentation. Near the middle of the summit of this eminence 
 are the two hind-central eyes, and not far below them are the 
 rest, in three pairs, in a transverse line. The legs are moderate 
 in length and strength (4.1.3.2.). Palpi rather long ; cubital joint 
 long and somewhat clavate ; radial very short, and expanding 
 into three apophyses ; one rather on the inner side, in front, is 
 longest and strongest, tapering to a blunt point and terminating 
 with a sharp, slightly curved spine, directed outwards ; on the 
 outer margin of this apophysis, near the baso, is a small black, 
 
510 
 
 sharp tooth-like prominence. Digital joint of moderate size, and 
 a little irregular in form. Palpal organs not very complex, with 
 a strongish, coiled, sharp-pointed, black spine on the outer side 
 of their fore extremity. 
 
 A single example of this spider was found in Cold-martin 
 moss near Wooler, Northumberland, in autumn, by Mr. James 
 Hardy. It is nearly allied to Walckenaera jucundissima, Cambr., 
 p. 449, pi. vi., fig. 8, but may be distinguished by the differential 
 characters given, p. 451, pi. vi. fig. 8. f. 
 
 WALCKENAERA FURCILLATA. 
 
 Phalops furoillatus, Menge, Preuss. Spinn., p. 220, pi. 43, 
 
 tab. 120. 
 Walckenaera furoillata, Camlr., Linn. Trans, xxviii., p. 548, 
 pi. xlvi.,fig. 18. 
 Length of the female l-9th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax bright reddish-yellow brown ; from the occiput 
 there rises a long, dark yellowish-brown cephalic process, bonding 
 sharply forwards from near its base, running pretty close to, and 
 parallel with, the cephalo-thorax, and reaching to the fore 
 extremity of the caput, where it oxpands in a strong bifid or 
 forked form. The two hind-central eyes are placod on a slight 
 enlargement, towards the hinder part of this process, on the 
 upper side of the bond. The fore extremity of tho caput is very 
 slightly raised, prominent, and clothed with hairs directod 
 upwards and backwards. In front of it are the eyes of the fore- 
 central pair, and on each side, further back, is one of the latoral 
 pairs. 
 
 Legs moderately long, slender, of an orange-yellow colour . 
 the femora and tibia? tinged with red. Palpi short, yellow- 
 brown ; radial and digital joints darkest ; radial very strong, 
 expanding all round and produced at its extremity, on tho inner 
 side in front, into a moderately long, tapering, slightly curved, 
 pointed apophysis, with its point directed outwards ; and on the 
 outer side into a short obtuse one, whose point is directed to tho 
 
511 
 
 point of tlio othor apophysis. Digital joint of moderate size ; palpal 
 organs prominent, complex, with a duplex black spine, curved in 
 a circular form, bonoath the outer side of their extremity. 
 
 Abdomen black, tinged with olive brown. 
 
 This is one of the most romarkable of the genus in the form 
 of the cephalic eminence. It was found among heather at 
 Wokingham, by the Rov. C. W. Penny, in May, 1872. It has 
 also been found in Prussia, France, and Bavaria, but is 
 exceedingly rare. 
 
 GENUS TAPINOPA, Westr. 
 TAPINOPA FINITIMA. 
 
 Linyphia finitima, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii, p. 426. 
 
 Length of the male l-10th of an inch. 
 
 Very nearly allied to Tapinopa longidens, Wid., to which it also 
 bears considerable resemblance, but is much smaller, and all the 
 characteristic points are very much less strongly developed ; for 
 instance, the prominence at the base of the digital joint is short 
 and of a somewhat conical form. The falces are also smaller, 
 and its teeth shorter than in T. longidens. The eyes are on black 
 spots, in two closely approximated rows ; those of the hind- 
 central pair are further from each other than each is from the 
 lateral eye of the same row on its side ; and the height of the 
 clypeus is only equal to the diameter of a fore-central eye. The 
 cephalo-thorax is yellow, with a black marginal lino, and a 
 blackish angular marking at the occiput. The abdomen is 
 whitish, with a few black markings. 
 
 Found in the neighbourhood of London. 
 
 TAPINOPA UNICOLOK. 
 
 Tapinopa tjnicolok, Cambr., Proc. Bcrwicks. N. H. Club, vii., p. 
 317. 
 
 Length of the female nearly 2J lines. 
 
 This spider is also nearly allied to Tapinopa longidens, and 
 resembles it in general form and structure, but is almost totally 
 
512 
 
 destitute) of pattern on the cephalo-thorax and abdomen, which, 
 ■with tho legs, are of a uniform yellowish hue. The eyes also 
 of the fore-central pair are longer and nearer together, being 
 distinctly the largest of tho eight, and separated by less than 
 an eye's diamoter. Tho height of the clypeus is also less. 
 Found at Wooler, in Northumberland. 
 
 GENUS LINYPHIA, Latr. 
 
 L1NYPHIA NEBULOSA. 
 
 Linyphia nebulosa, Sund., Sv. Spindl. Beskr. Vet. Akad. 
 Handl., f. 1829, p. 219. 
 
 ,, vrvAx, Blackw., I.e., p. 221, pi. xvi., fig. 146. 
 
 Closely allied, and very similar in many respects, to Linyphia 
 thoracica, "Wid. (p. 180), but may be distinguished by the dark 
 central longitudinal line on the cephalo-thorax being finer and 
 distinctly forked or bifid at its fore extremity. The palpi of tho 
 male differ also remarkably, the digital joint being smaller, and 
 tho palpal organs, though complex, are more compact, wanting the 
 exceedingly long, coiled spine so remarkable in Linyphia thoracica. 
 The cubital joint has two or three strong tapering bristles in 
 front, one of which is much longer and strongor than the others, 
 and of a sinuous or bent form. From Linyphia leprosa, Ohl., its 
 larger size will serve at once to distinguish it. 
 
 Found in houses and other buildings near Manchester, also 
 near Glasgow, and in tho neighbourhood of Bath ; and very 
 lately received from Mr. F. M. Campbell, of Hoddesdon, Hert- 
 fordshire. 
 
 LYNIPHIA EXPUNCTA. 
 
 Linyphia exptjncta, Cambr., Ann. and Mag., N.H. 1875, p. 251. 
 ,, lepida, Id., Journ. Linn. Soc. xi., p. 539, pi. xv., 
 % 7. 
 Length of the female, and of an adult male, 1£ line. 
 Very distinct from any other species known to me. Cephalo- 
 
513 
 
 thorax of tho female yellow, margined with dusky blackish. A 
 large wedge-shaped marking bohind the eyes, and some con- 
 verging thoracic lines are suffused with sooty brown. 
 
 Legs moderately long, 1.2.4.3., very slender, yellow, slightly 
 marked with black at tho joints, and furnished with hairs and 
 fine black spines. 
 
 Abdomenlarge, oval, but not excessively convex above. General 
 colour dull brownish yellow, pretty thickly covered above and on 
 the sides with irregular, cretaceous, yellowish-white spots. In 
 the central line of the fore part is an elongate, tapering, 
 angularly-edged black band, followed by throe black spots in a 
 transverso line, the central spot being connected with the point 
 of the band ; to these succeed a series of six or eight angular 
 black lines, broken or interrupted at the angles, thus forming a 
 double series of opposod dashes, some of which are slightly 
 curved ; one pair of these unite to form, almost on the hinder 
 extremity, a continuous transverse curved lino, ending on each 
 side in a blotch ; between this lino and the spinners are two 
 largo black patches closely succeeding each other, and on tho 
 middle of each side is a strong irregular, longitudinal, black 
 patch ; the underside is dark brown with a black margin. 
 
 The malo (which has not been before described) is similar to 
 the female in colours and markings, but these are not quite so 
 clearly and distinctly defined as in the latter sex. The palpi are 
 short ; the cubital joint is slightly angular in front, and from its 
 most prominent part, near the fore extremity, a long, strong, 
 tapering slightly bent, spine -like bristle is dirocted downwards 
 and forwards, its hair-like point extending to nearly half-way 
 over the digital joint, though not in contact with it. Tho radial 
 is equal to tho cubital joint in length, and is furnished with 
 short fine bristly hairs only. The digital is large, with a strong 
 lobe near the middle of the outer side, and a small, obtuse, 
 somewhat truncated, prominence on tho same side at its base ; 
 the palpal organs are prominent and complex with various 
 characteristic corneous spines and processes, of which it would 
 be (as in so many other cases) impossible to give any correct idea 
 
514 
 
 without very acourated enlarged figures. The height of the 
 clypaus is equal to half that of the facial space. 
 Found near Dunkeld, Scotland, and also near Glasgow. 
 
 LINYPHIA ALBULA. 
 
 Linyphia albxtla, Canibr., Ann. and Mag. N.H., 3, ser. vii., p. 
 435, and Blaekw. I.e., p. 241, pi. xviii., 
 fig. 161. 
 
 Length of the female l-8th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thor'aT pale brownish-yellow, marked with obsoure, 
 brownish, converging lines on the sides. 
 
 Eyes on black spots. 
 
 Legs long and slender ; spines few and fine, pale yellowish ; 
 tarsi and metatarsi suffusod with a darker hue. 
 
 Abdomen slender, oval, or rather cylindrical ; yellowish-white 
 above and on the sides ; a narrow central dull yellowish-brown taper- 
 ing baud, emitting several short, fine, lateral, oblique branches , 
 fines down to dark line above the spinners, just above which are 
 six or eight small brown spots arranged in a longitudinal series 
 of pairs, the second and third pairs being nearer together than 
 the first and second. Underside dull yellow-brown, spotted 
 thickly with white, and bordered on each side by a faint brown 
 line which runs to the spinners. 
 
 Found on a holly bush at Hursley, near Winchester, in May, 
 1860. It is apparently allied to Linyphia peltata (p. 229). 
 
 LINYPHIA SUBNIGRIPES. 
 
 Linyfhia subnigripes, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.H., s. 5, vol. 
 iv., p. 204 (1879). 
 
 Length of an adult female If lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax is of ordinary form ; its colour is yellow- 
 brown, marked with a dusky-brown marginal line and indistinct 
 converging bars, following the course of tho normal indenta- 
 tions. There is also a central longitudinal line of the same 
 colour. 
 
 The eyes are seated on black spots, those of tho posterior row 
 
515 
 
 form a transverse straight line ; the interval between those of 
 the hind-central pair being greater than that between each and 
 tho hind-lateral eye on its side ; the fore-central pair are placed 
 on a prominence which brings them rather considerably in 
 advance of tho rest. 
 
 The legs are long, slender, and tapering, furnished with hairs, 
 and distinct, prominent, but not very strong, spines ; they are 
 similar in colour to the cephalo-thorax, excepting the tibiso and 
 metatarsi of the first, second and fourth pairs, and part of the 
 metatarsi of the third pair, all which are deep blackish-brown. 
 The lengths of the 2nd and 4th pair differ but little if anything ; 
 the 1st pair are the longest, and the 3rd shortest. The palpi are, 
 like the legs, furnished with hairs and spines ; they are of a 
 yellow-brown colour, the radial and digital joints being black- 
 brown. 
 
 The abdomen is oviform, and projects a little over tho hinder 
 part of the thorax ; it is of a dull yellowish-brown hue marked 
 (especially above) with numerous irregularly-shaped, yellowish- 
 white, somewhat shining, cretaceous spots, whose disposition 
 leaves an indistinctly defined, longitudinal, central, yellowish - 
 brown stripe on tho fore-half of tho upper side, and some oblique 
 lateral ones. 
 
 The genital aperture is small, not very prominent, but of 
 characteristic form, and dark red-brown colour. 
 
 A single oxamplo of this spider was kindly sent to me by Mr. 
 F. "Workman, by whom it was found near Belfast in the autumn 
 of 1878. It is allied to Linyphia luteola, Blackw. (p. 194), but 
 the dark brown portion of tho legs and palpi distinguish it at 
 once from that, and from all other nearly allied species known 
 to me. 
 
 LINYPHIA ALTICEPS. 
 
 Linyphia alticeps, Sund., Svenska Spind. Beskr. in Kongl., 
 Vet-Akad. Handl. 1832, 261; and Cambr., 
 Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 535. 
 Closely allied to and nearly resembling in colours and mark- 
 
516 
 
 ings Linyphia luteola (p. 194), but rather larger. The male may 
 be easily distinguished by tho distinct prolongation of the apex 
 of the caput into a conical point between the fore-central eyes. 
 The palpi also differ a little in structure. 
 
 Found on the Cheviot Hills, and in other parts of Scotland. 
 
 LINYPHIA CRUCIGERA. 
 
 Liotphia ortjoigera, Blacho., Ann. and Mag. N.H. Oct., 1863. 
 
 Length of the female 1 line. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax yellowish-brown, with a dark brown, rather 
 diffused, broad, marginal border, and a dark patch at the junc- 
 tion of the caput and thorax. 
 
 Legs long, slender, pale yellow ; spines few, long, and slender. 
 
 Palpi, of an immature male short, tumid ; palpal bulb very 
 large. 
 
 Abdomen brownish-yellow or yellowish-white above, with a 
 black-brown cruciform marking on the fore-half. Tho anterior 
 part of the shaft is enlarged, and tho cross-piece, near the 
 middle, strong and curved, the convexity of the curvo directed 
 backwards. The posterior half of the shaft is a mere line 
 enlarged in one place into a spot. On each side of the hinder 
 part of the abdomen, and running to tho spinners is a strong, 
 longitudinal, black band more or less uneven on the edges. 
 The sides are blackish-brown; the under part dark yellow- 
 brown. 
 
 Found in Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire, but apparently very 
 rare. 
 
 LINYPHIA CINGULIPES. 
 
 Linyphia oinotjlipes, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 428, 
 pi. 55, No. 22. 
 
 Length of the female 2 lines. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dull greenish yellow-brown, with deeper con- 
 verging lines on tho sides, and a narrow black marginal line. 
 Ocular region slightly prominent. Legs moderate in strongth 
 
517 
 
 and length (1.2.4.3.), pale yellow tinged with greenish brown, 
 broadly and distinctly banded, excepting the tarsi, with brownish 
 black. Abdomen dull greenish yellow-white. A broadish 
 longitudinal black band runs backwards to the spinners from 
 near the fore oxtremity of the uppor side, and contains two some- 
 what triangular whitish markings forwards, each divided longi- 
 tudinally by a black line ; following these markings towards 
 the spinners are several more or less angular whitish lines, the 
 angles directed forwards. The sides are irregularly marked 
 with blackish, the under side completely black. The process 
 connected with the genital aperture is (like that of all the females 
 of this genus) prominent and characteristic in its form. 
 
 Found in Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire, in tho month of 
 February. 
 
 LINYPHIA FLAVIPES. 
 
 LiNYPniA flavipes, Blachw., I.e., p. 247, pi. xvii., fig. 166. 
 
 Length of the male 1 line. Male rather smaller and longer 
 legged. 
 
 This spider is very closely allied to, even if it be not identical 
 with, Linyphia pullata, Cambr. (p. 197). As, however, Mr. 
 Blackwall on examination of the latter, at the time of its 
 discovery, considered it to be distinct, I have so retained it. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brownish black ; logs long, slender ; spines 
 fine, yellow; radial joint of palpus of male stronger than 
 the cubital, and somewhat produced in front ; digital joint oval, 
 with a lobe on the outer side ; palpal organs directed outwards, 
 protuberant, complex, with a curved prominent procoss neai the 
 base on the outer side, and a few very short pointed ones at the 
 extremity. Abdomen brownish black ; somo oxamples have an 
 obscure series of slightly angular linos of a pale brown hue along 
 the upper side. 
 
 Found among moss, in woods in summor time, in North Wales, 
 and also in Norfolk. [I have never seen an authentic oxamplo 
 of this spider.] 
 
518 
 
 LINYPIIIA MEADII. 
 
 Linyphia meadii, Blaclcw., l.o., p. 232, pi. xvi., fig. 154. 
 
 Length of the female l-8th of an inch. Male somewhat 
 smallor. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax light yellow-brown. Legs and palpi rather 
 palor. Spines on the legs fine ; relative length of the legs 
 1.2.4.3. Cubital and radial joints of the male palpus short ; 
 radial produced at its fore extremity on inner side ; digital joint 
 somewhat oval in form, with a large lobe on its outer 
 side; palpal organs directed outwards, prominent, complex, 
 with a large process consisting of three parts, at their base. 
 The superior portion, which is curved at its extremity, is in contact 
 with the radial joint on the outer side, and the other two are 
 directod downwards ; the one which is situated nearer to the 
 inner side, and is the slenderer and moro curved, has a projec- 
 tion on the outside of its curvature, and another within, nearer 
 to its base ; a short prominent curved process, whoso point is in 
 contact with a small semi-transparent membrane, is at the 
 extremity of the palpal organs. 
 
 Abdomen dull olive-green, with a series of obscure, pale, 
 yellowish-brown, oblique streaks on each side of the medial line 
 of upper part, and a band of same hue along each side. 
 
 This spider is alliod nearly to Linypkia approximata, Cambr. 
 (p. 199); but the palpal organs of this last species differ in 
 structure, terminating with a slendor, black, coiled spine; and 
 other differences also appear to exist in both sexes. 
 
 Found under stones near Bradford, Yorkshiro, early in the 
 month of May. [I have not seen this spider.] 
 
 LINYPHIA GRACILIS. 
 
 LiNYrniA gracilis, Macho., I.e., p. 245, pi. xvii., fig. 163. 
 
 Length of the male 1 line. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brown-black. Logs long and slender, spines 
 erect, pale brown tinged with red. Palpi short, similar in colour 
 
519 
 
 to the legs ; radial joint much stronger than the cubital. Digital 
 joint oval ; palpal organs prominent, complex, directed outwards, 
 with a small glossy protuberance on the outer side near the base, 
 and a fine circularly curved spino at their extremity. Abdomen 
 brownish-black. Some individuals have a series of obscure 
 angular lines of a brownish hue along the middle of the upper 
 part. 
 
 This spider appears to be nearly allied to, and perhaps only a 
 a variety of, Linyphia eircitmspecta, Blackw. (p. 202), but I have 
 never seen an authentic example. 
 
 Found on railways near Crumpsall Hall, Manchester, in the 
 month of November. 
 
 LINYPHIA ANGULATA, sp. n. 
 
 Linyphia angulipalpis, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 536. 
 
 Length of the male (allowing for the probable length of the 
 abdomen, which was wanting in the only example I have seen) 
 rather over 1 line. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brownish-yellow, with very indistinct converg- 
 ing brownish lines on the sides, and an obscure black margin alono. 
 Height of the clypeus equal to half that of the facial space. Eyes 
 on black spots ; the interval between those of the hind-central pair 
 is a little greater than that between each and the lateral eye next 
 to it. Legs long, slender, yellowish, strongly tinged with brown 
 on the tibise and metatarsi. Spines slender. Palpi yollow, digital 
 joint yollow -brown. Cubital joint produced in front into an 
 angular form, terminating with a strong, black, tapering, 
 sinuous, fine-pointed bristle, longer and stronger than the spinos 
 on the tibico of the legs. Eadial joint a little produced in front. 
 Digital joint large, with a strongish blunt-pointed prominence at 
 its base on the inner side ; palpal organs vory prominent and 
 complex ; among their various processes is a long, strong one 
 running rather beneath the outor side, and terminating in a 
 black furcate form just beyond their extremity. 
 
 The abdomen was unfortunately wanting. 
 
520 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to Linyphia angulipalpis, "Westr., 
 but is larger, and differs in the longer, stronger, sinuous bristle on 
 the apex of the angular cubital joint of the palpus (this bristle in 
 Linyphia angulipalpis is straight) ; also in that species the promin- 
 ence at the base of the digital joint is not so strong, and is 
 slightly obliquely truncated at its extremity. The palpal organs 
 also differ considerably in their structure. 
 
 A single examplo found on the Cheviots, and sent to me by 
 Mr. James Hardy, was supposed, at first, to havo been Linyphia 
 angulipalpis, Westr. 
 
 LINYPHIA RUFA. 
 
 Linyphia rufa, Westr., Aran. Saec. p. 121 ; and Cambr., Trans. 
 Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 53G. 
 
 Pedina cbistata, Menge, Preuss. Spinn, p. 125, pi. xxiii., fig. 49. 
 
 Length of the male 2J lines. Female rather largor. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax, legs, and palpi yellow. Eyes small, of noarly 
 equal size, all pale coloured, those of tho posterior row separated 
 by equal intervals. 
 
 Legs long, moderately strong, not very different in length, 
 1.2.4.3. Spines short, prominent. 
 
 Palpi rathor short, radial joint expanded on all sides at its 
 extremity, and most produced in a somewhat pointed form in 
 front, with some prominent bristly hairs on each side. Digital 
 joint not very largo, but at its hinder extremity, directed 
 inwards, is a strong, pale- coloured, blunt-ended prominence 
 almost at right angles to the joint, and terminating with a com- 
 pact pencil or brush of straight, black, spine-like bristles of 
 equal length, but whose ends appoar to bo a littlo dilated. The 
 length of this brush about equals tho length of the prominence. 
 Palpal organs directed outwards, very prominent and complex, 
 with a strong furcate process at their base on the outer side. 
 
 Abdomen dull greenish-sooty coloured, with a series of obscure 
 pale transverse angular lines along tho middle of the uppor side. 
 
521 
 
 The sexes resemble each other in colours. 
 
 An exceedingly remarkable and fine species, found near 
 Wooler, in Northumberland, in autumn, by Mr. James Hardy, 
 and more recently sent to mo from the neighbourhood of Glasgow 
 by Mr. H. C. Young. 
 
 LINYPHIA RETICULATA. 
 
 Linypiiia reticulata, Cantlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 540, 
 pi. xlvi., fig 11. 
 
 Length of the male 1 J lines, female 2£ lines. 
 
 The whole of the fore-part is of a clear brightish orange- 
 yellow colour ; the abdomen dull whitey -brown, marked with a 
 kind of network-veining of a paler huo. It is allied to Linyphia 
 pallida, Cambr. (p. 216), and LinypMa decens, Ibid. (p. 217), 
 but is larger and differs from them in the structure of the 
 palpal organs. Eyes of tho hind-central pair nearer together 
 than each is to the hind-lateral eye next to it, being separated 
 by only about an eye's diameter. 
 
 Legs moderately long and strong. Spinos very fine, perhaps 
 most corroctly termed, spine-like bristles. Palpi slender; the 
 cubital joint has, near tho middle of its fore extremity on the 
 upper side several bristly hairs, of which one is longer and 
 stronger than the rest, and slightly sinuous ; the radial joint 
 spreads rather prominently in front, being produced on tho 
 upper side in a somewhat obtusely angular form, and bearing a 
 marginal row of bristly hairs. Digital joint oval, with a strong 
 lobe on tho other side. Palpal organs prominent and complex, 
 with a large curved, irregularly shaped process at their base 
 on the outer side. 
 
 The female resombles tho malo in colours, and has a remark- 
 ably long, prominent process connected with the genital aperture 
 and directed backwards, being somewhat like that of Linyphia 
 insignia (p. 219). 
 
 Found on the Cheviot Hills, Scotland. 
 
522 
 
 LINYPHIA ARCANA. 
 
 Linyphia arcana, Canibr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 539, pi. 
 xlvi., fig. 10. 
 
 Length of tho male 1£ line. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax, logs, palpi, and falcos yellow, slightly tinged 
 with orange ; the tibico of the two first pairs of logs a little 
 dusky. 
 
 Abdomen dull yellow-brown. The height of the clypeus 
 exceeds half that of the facial space. 
 
 Legs short and tolerably strong, 4.1.2.3. Spines very few and 
 slender ; on the two first pairs thoy are simply strong bristles. 
 
 Palpi short ; the cubital joint has a single, slender, not very 
 long, straight, tapering black bristle directed forwards from near its 
 fore extremity on the upper side ; the radial joint is stronger than 
 the cubital, a little obtusely produced in front, and slightlygibbous 
 behind. Digital joint large, slightly prominent towards the base 
 near the outer side, at about the middle of which there is a 
 slight lobe ; palpal organs prominent and complex ; on the 
 outer side, at their base, is a large, somewhat concave, crescent- 
 shaped process, at the upper margin of which are two small 
 prominences, the postorior prominence being the stronger. 
 
 Found on the Cheviot Hills. 
 
 LINYPHIA CONTFvITA. 
 
 Linyphia contfjta, Canibr., Trans. Linn- Soc. xxviii., p. 537 
 pi. xlvi., fig. 7. 
 
 Length of the male 1 line. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax and other fore-parts pale yellow. Abdomen 
 dusky whitish ; but as the only example I have seen had evidently 
 not long attained maturity, the colours had not deepened to their 
 propor hue, and were not therefore reliable. Legs longish and 
 slender; spines few and fine. Palpi short; digital joint of 
 moderate size, with a small, somewhat conical prominence near 
 its base on the outer sido. Palpal organs moderately complex, 
 
523 
 
 with a curvod, rather slender, some- what crescent- shapod process 
 on thoir outer side. 
 
 Found on the Cheviot Hills. 
 
 LINYPHIA MICROPHTHALMA. 
 
 Linyphia microphthalmia, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 
 434, pi. 56, No. 25. 
 
 Length of the male 1 line. 
 
 Closely alliod to Linyphia decern (p. 217). 
 
 Cephalo -thorax brownish-yellow, rather depressed, and with 
 vory slight lateral marginal constrictions at the caput. Eyes very 
 6mall, all pearly white, in two nearly approximated transverse 
 lines; the interval botween those of the hind-central pair is 
 rather less than that between oach and the hind-lateral eye next 
 to it. Legs long, slender, yellow ; spines few but long. Falces 
 long, slightly divergent. Palpi slender, radial joint stronger 
 than the cubital, and enlarged towards its fore extremity. 
 Digital joint large, with a prominence near the base on 
 the outer margin, rather darker coloured than the rest, and 
 furnished with bristly hairs on the upper side. Palpal organs 
 prominent and complex ; at their base on the outer side is 
 a large, prominent, strongly curved process, with a small notch 
 near its rounded termination ; and at their extremity is a short, 
 duplex, coilod black spine. Abdomen elongato-oval, of a some- 
 what depressed form ; its colour boing yellowish, suffused slightly 
 with sooty-brown. 
 
 Pound in the neighbourhood of London, by the late Mr. 
 Richard Beck. 
 
 LINYPHIA MARGINATA. 
 
 Linyphia makginata, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn., Bd. xii. p. 118, 
 Tab. 423, figs. 1041 and 1042. 
 „ triangularis, Blackw., I.e., p. 212, pi. xv., fig. 139. 
 Length of the female l-5th of an inch. The male being smaller 
 and slenderer in the abdomen. 
 
$24 
 
 Closely allied to Linyphia triangularis, Clerk, (p. 227), but easily 
 distinguished by a distinct double longitudinal row of small 
 yellowish-white spots on the central abdominal band, which is 
 black, more distinctly defined, and instead of being completely 
 divided at the summit of the hinder part of the abdomen by a 
 whitish stripe, the dividing stripo is not continuous, being more or 
 less interrupted, especially in the middle. The legs of the female 
 are strongly tinged with green. The falces of the male are neither 
 so excessively long, projecting or divergent, as in Linyphia 
 triangularis, Clerk., being only ordinarily developed, vertical and 
 straight. The digital joint of the palpus is larger, the palpal 
 organs are more complex and differ considerably in structure. 
 
 Found under overhanging banks and rocks in moist and shady 
 places near Loch Katrine, in Scotland, and (according to Mr. 
 Blackwall, I.e.) in the South-eastern counties of England. 
 
 LINYPHIA PERNIX. 
 
 LiirrpniA PEENix, Blaekw., I.e., p. 239. 
 
 Length of the male 1-1 Oth of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dark brown, with some coarse hairs, directed 
 forwards, behind the eyes. Legs long, slender, 1.2.4.3., 
 furnished with spines, and of a red colour. Palpi short, red ; 
 digital joint dark brown, with a large lobe on the outer side 
 near the base ; radial stronger than cubital, and has some long 
 hairs in front. Palpal organs highly developed, and complex, 
 with a broad compressed, curved process projecting nearly at 
 right angles from their baso on the outer side. Falces long, 
 strong, protuberant at their base in front, inclined towards the 
 sternum, and of a reddish-brown colour. Abdomen yellowish- 
 brown above, with a series of angular black bars along the 
 middle, the vertices of the bars indistinct, and the extremities of 
 the anterior ones much more strongly marked than the rest. 
 Above the spinners is a small yellowish-white spot ; undor side 
 pale brown. 
 
525 
 
 Found on juniper bushes at Southgate in the month of May. 
 (I have never seen this spider.) 
 
 LINYPHIA NIGELLA. 
 
 LiNYrniA nigella, Blaclcw., I.e., p. 240. 
 
 Length of the malo l-8th of an inch. 
 
 Cophalo-thorax dark brown, approaching black. Logs long, 
 1.2.4.3., slendor, furnished with a few spines, pale yellowish- 
 brown, the femora tingod with red. Cubital and radial joints of 
 the palpi short ; radial strongest, and producod at its extremity 
 on the inner side. Digital joint irrogular oval ; palpal organs 
 directed outwards, highly developed, complex, with a small pro- 
 jection at the upper part in front, and a largo spino, originating 
 at the upper part, extends to the termination of tho joint where 
 it is curvod into a circular form, tho extremity projecting a little. 
 
 Abdomen glossy, brownish-black ; in some examples a sorios 
 of obscure angular yellowish-brown lines may be seen along the 
 middle of the upper side. 
 
 Found under pieces of rock in North Walos in the month of 
 September. [I ^ ave n °t seen this spider.] 
 
 LINYPHIA PULCHELLA. 
 
 LlNYPIIIA PULCHELLA, Bldclw., I.e., p. 242. 
 
 Length of the male l-10th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax sbghtly compressed, and prominent in front. 
 Colour yellowish-brown. Logs similar in colour, moderately 
 long, spinoa slendor. Falpi yellowish-brown, cubital and radial 
 joints short, the latter strongest. Tho digital joint has a lobo 
 on its outer side. Palpal organs highly dovelopcd, and very com- 
 plox. 
 
 Abdomon glossy ; uppor part yellowish-white, with a series of 
 obscure dark angular linos along tho middle. Those in front 
 least conspicuous. Sides and undorpart pale y olio wish-brown. 
 Spiracular plates dark yollow-brown ; botwoon them a prominent 
 transverse fold. 
 
526 
 
 Pound among grass, in North Wales, in the month of Septem- 
 ber. [I have never seen this spider.J 
 
 LINYPHIA FURVA. 
 
 LlNYPHIA FTOVA, Bhckw., l.C, p. 253. 
 
 Length of the female l-9th of an inch. Male rather smaller. 
 
 Cephalo-thoi ax dark-brown, approaching black. Legs long 
 and slender ; spines erect, and, with the palpi, yellowish-brown. 
 Fakes long, strong, divergent at the extremity, and inclined 
 towards the sternum. Abdomen glossy, brownish-black. Male 
 similar in colour. Cubital and radial joints of the palpi short ; 
 radial much strongest and produced on the inner side. Digital 
 joint somewhat oval, with a prominent lobe on the inner side 
 near its extremity. Palpal organs highly developed, and com- 
 plex, with two contiguous, black, spiral spines, enveloped in 
 delicate membrane, at their extremity. 
 
 Found under stones in moist meadows, in North "Wales, in the 
 month of May. [I have not seen this spider.] 
 
 LINYPHIA TENELLA. 
 
 LlNYPHIA TENELLA, Blackw., l.C, p. 246. 
 
 Length of the femalo 1-1 lth of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax very dark brown. Eyes on black spots, the 
 four central ones on a slight protuberance. Legs long, slender, 
 1.4.2.3. Spines fine; colour light yellowish-red. Abdomen 
 glossy, dull olive-green ; under part darkest. Along the middle 
 of the upper side is a very obscure series of angular linos of a 
 deeper shade. The genital process consists of two parallel, 
 convex, glossy, red-brown prominences. 
 
 Pound at Bradford, Yorkshire, in the month of September. 
 [I have not seen this spider.] 
 
 LINYPHIA NASATA. 
 Linyphia nasata, Blackw., I.e., p. 237, pi. xviii., fig. 158. 
 Length of the female l-12th of an inch. 
 
527 
 
 Cephalo-thorax subtriangular, with a nasiform process in the 
 middle of tho frontal margin, caused by a deep notch on each 
 side of it. Colour pale brown ; the sides, suddenly depressed, 
 having a darkish green tint ; underneath dark brown. Abdomen 
 pale yellowish-brown, with a row of obsolete brown maculae on 
 each side of the medial line of the upper part ; between tho fore 
 extremities of these rows is a lanceolate, longitudinal, pale 
 fascia. Leg3 of a pale brown colour, long, slender, and furnished 
 with spines ; tarsi black. 
 
 Not uncommon in the Grove at Cranmore, in Ireland. [I have 
 not seen this spider.] 
 
FAMILY EPEIEIDES. 
 
 GENUS META, C. L. Koch. 
 
 META MENABDI. 
 
 Epeiba menardi, Lair., Gen., Crust., et Ins., torn. 1, p. 108. 
 Epeiba fusoa, Blachw., I.e., p. 349, pi, xxvi., fig. 252. 
 
 Length of the female upwards of half an inch. Male rather 
 smaller. 
 
 Cophalo-thorax reddish-brown, with brownish-black latoral 
 margins, and a longitudinal contral band of the same colour, 
 enlarged and slightly bifid near the eyes. Legs long, red- 
 brown, with broad brownish-black annuli; spines numerous, 
 erect, black. Abdomen, yellowish or reddish-brown above, 
 with a largo, oval, brownish-black spot in front; on each side of 
 the medial line ; tho two spots being nearly connected in front by 
 a narrow band issuing from each ; between these spots and the 
 spinners is a series of curved, transvorso, brownish-black bars. 
 Sides brownish-black, freckled with dull yellow, and with a 
 slightly curved yellowish band along each. Under part dark 
 red-brown or brownish-black, bordered on each side by an 
 obscuro yellowish band. 
 
 Cubital and radial joints of the male palpus short ; tho radial 
 is strongest, and has a small pointed apophysis at its extremity in 
 front. Digital joint of irregular complex form ; palpal organs 
 highly doveloped and also very complex. 
 
529 
 
 This spider is easily distinguished from the two other British 
 species of the genus (pp. 239 — 241) hy its much larger size and 
 different colours. 
 
 Found in cellars, caves, old ruinous buildings, and other 
 obscure damp situations in North "Wales and the north of Eng- 
 land (County Durham), where, to tho walls and roofs of such 
 situations, the female suspends her large, balloon-shaped, delicato 
 white silken cocoon, through the walls of which the pale flesh- 
 coloured eggs within can be plainly soen. There seems to be no 
 reason why, in suitable situations, this fine spider should not 
 occur in the south of England — perhaps in Dorsetshire. I have 
 received it from Brittany. 
 
 GENUS EPEIEA, Walck. 
 
 EPEIEA CEROPEGIA. 
 
 Epeira oeropeoia, Walck., Blackw., I.e. p. 347, pi. xxv., fig. 250. 
 
 Length of the male 3-10ths of an inch. Female rather 
 smaller. 
 
 This fine and handsome spider is noarly allied to Epeira 
 aiianta (p. 261), resembling it closely in pattern, but is much 
 largor, and generally darker coloured. The fore half also of the 
 tibiaj of the second pair of legs is curved and considerably 
 enlarged on tho inner side, whoro it is armed with somo prominent 
 and extra-strong spines. The palpal organs togethor with tho 
 digital joint form a very large mass. Tho former are vory 
 prominent and complex, with soveral strong, vory projecting 
 pointod processes on their outer side towards their f oro extremity. 
 Theso processes are much stronger and more conspicuous than 
 those of Epeira adianta. 
 
 Found by the late Mr. Francis Walker, at Piercefield, near 
 Chepstow, Monmouthshire, in the autumn of 1853, since which 
 time it has not, so far as I am aware, been met with in Great 
 Britain. 
 
530 
 EPEIRA ALSINE. 
 
 E'peira alsine, Walck., Ins. Apt. ii., p. 33. 
 
 Epeira lotea, C. L. Koch, Blachw., I.e., p. 345, pi. xxv., fig. 249. 
 
 Length of the female l-4th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax pale yellow-red, with a brownish-red line from 
 the middle of the hinder part of the ocular area to the thoracic 
 junction, where it meets two others running from tho lateral 
 eyes. Lateral margins dark brown, and immediately above, on 
 each side is a dark red-brown longitudinal band. The hind- 
 contral oyos are rather noaror to each other than the fore-centrals. 
 The legs are strong, spinous, and pale yollow-red, with brownish- 
 red annuli. Abdomen very convex above, and projecting greatly 
 over the base of the cephalo-thorax. Upper side palo yellow, 
 finoly reticulated with reddish. A broad tapering space, 
 bounded laterally by a slightly sinuous red-brown line, with a 
 narrow outer border of pale yellow, runs from the fore extremity 
 to. the spinners, and comprises some small yellow spots somewhat 
 symmetrically disposed; and on the hhidor part are eovoral 
 obscure, transverse pale yellow bars, bordered with red-brown. 
 The upper part of the sides is yollowish, and marked with 
 oblique red-brown streaks, below which the sides are reddish- 
 brown ; the under part is also of that hue, with a curved pale 
 yellow line on each side. 
 
 This handsome spider is allied to Epeira diademata, Clk. (p. 
 266), resembling it a good deal in form, though totally different 
 in colours and markings. 
 
 I met with several examples of the female, some years ago, 
 near Tring, Hertfordshire, among coarse grass and other low 
 plants in tho open parts of plantations at the beginning of Sep- 
 tember. 
 
 ErEIRA SIGNATA. 
 
 Epeika signata, lilachv., I.e., p. 332. 
 ■ Length of an immature male, 3-16ths of an inch. 
 Cephalo-thorax dark red-brown thickly clothed with white 
 
531 
 
 hairs, particularly in front ; and at tho hinder extremity of the 
 caput, close to the thoracic junction, is a conspicuous yellowish- 
 white spot. Logs strong, spinners pale reddish-brown, with 
 deeper annuli, spots and streaks. Abdomen short, broad, dark 
 red-brown on the upper side, freckled with numerous minute 
 spots of a lighter colour ; and near the fore extremity is a large 
 yellowish-white spot on each side of the medial line. The sides 
 are paler than the upper part ; and along the middle of the under 
 part is a broad, dark, reddish-brown band comprising two 
 curved, yellowish-white lines. 
 
 Found many years ago by the late Mr. F. Walker, at Broad- 
 stairs, Kent, in ;the month of September. [I have never seen 
 this spider.] 
 
 EPEIRA ORNATA. 
 
 Epeira ornata, Blacho., I.e., p. 346. 
 
 Length of the female l-4th of an inch. 
 
 Oephalo-thorax dull yellow tinged with red. Legs similar in 
 colour, strong, and spinous. Abdomen oviform, of a fine bright 
 red colour, the sides and under part palest. Along the upper 
 part, on each side of the medial line, is a series of minute indenta- 
 tions of a light yellow colour. Tho genital aperture is furnished 
 with a long pale process directed backwards. 
 
 Found by the late Mr. F. Walker, in the south of England, in 
 April, 1848. [I have not seen this spider.] 
 
FAMILY ULOBOKLDES. 
 
 GENUS HYPTIOTES, Walck. 
 
 This gonus, of which only one British spocies is known, is 
 characterised by a cephalo-thorax as broad or broader than long, 
 and deprossed ; the latoral constriction, at the caput being very 
 slight. Clypeus projecting. Eyes, unoojial in size, in two trans- 
 verse curved rows across the whole width of the caput, and near 
 together (the convexities of the curvos are directed towards each 
 other), forming in fact one long line, since the fore-centrals come 
 close upon the middle of the hinder row ; the hind-lateral eyes 
 being not far in front of the hind-centrals ; those of the hinder 
 row are the largest. Maxillro short, strong, inclined towards 
 the labium, which is short and triangular. Legs short, strong, 
 1.4.2.3. Calamistra on the metatarsi of the fourth pair; and a 
 supernumerary mamillary organ in front of the ordinary spinners. 
 
 Abdomen short, projecting greatly over the cephalo-thorax, 
 and humped on the upper side. 
 
 HYPTIOTES PARADOXUS. 
 
 Mithbas paradoxus, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn., and Blackw., Ann. 
 and Mag., N. H. 1862. 
 
 Length of tho female 2£, and of the male 2 lines. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax light yellow-brown, darker on the sides, and 
 clothed with rather coarse greyish-yellow pubescence. Legs pale 
 yellow-brown, hairy, and spinous, mostly so in the male ; palpi 
 of the male similar to the legs in colour, and long; radial joint 
 bent, and produced in front, where it is fringed with coarse bristly 
 hairs. Digital joint of enormous size. Palpal organs corres- 
 pondingly large, prominent, rather complex, and surroundod by 
 
533 
 
 a long, slender, filiform, black, marginal, tortuous spine. 
 Abdomen excessively convex in the female (less so in the male), 
 at the middle of the upper sido ; it is of a more or less deep 
 yellow-brown colour, mottlod with yellowish, whitish, and red- 
 dish brown, and clothed with white pubescence. 
 
 Found (once only) in the lake district of Cumberland in the 
 summer of 1863. 
 
 This is a most remarkable spider, and one of its peculiarities 
 is that it spins a geometric, orbicular snare, from which the largost 
 portion of the circle is uniformly omitted ; forming, in fact, a 
 sector of a circlo, equal to about its sixth part, and consisting of 
 several lines radiating from a centre, and irregularly crossed by 
 shorter ones. A curious habit is related of a closely allied North 
 American species, Ilyptiotes excmata, Hentz. This spider sits on 
 the short line into which the rest radiate ; the line is rather slack, 
 and the spider holds up the slack portions pretty tightly by means 
 of the tarsal claws of the first pair of legs, and then the moment 
 a fly gets into the snare the spider suddenly lets go the slack 
 with a jerk, which helps considerably to entangle the prey. If 
 unsuccessful, it again gathers up the slack and awaits another 
 chance. 
 
 It is possible that our only European specios, JTi/pttotes 
 paradoxus, may havo a similar habit, though it has not been yet 
 observed sufficiently to enable this to be ascertained. There 
 seems to be no reason why this spider should not occur more 
 frequently than it has yot been observed, in England, especially 
 in the southern parts, since it is found (though not commonly) 
 in the neighbourhood of Paris and in many other parts of 
 France. 
 
FAMILY THOMISIDES. 
 
 GENUS MISUMENA, Latr. 
 
 MISUMENA TRUNCATA. 
 
 Aranea trtjnoata, Pall., Walclc, Ins. Apt., 1, p. 515. 
 Thomisxts horridus, Fair., Camhr., Trans. Linn. Soc, xxvii., 
 p. 409. 
 
 Length of the female, 3£ lines. 
 
 This spider may be roadily known from Misumena vatia, Clk. 
 (p. 290), by its larger size and darker colours. The tubercle, 
 behind which the hind lateral oyo is placed, is larger, of a 
 rather difforont shape, and gives a more angular form to the 
 fore part of the caput. The abdomen is broader than long ; the 
 hinder part, on the upper side, is at least double the width of the 
 fore extremity ; it is also more prominent and conical at the outer 
 corners of the hinder part than in Misumena vatia. The hinder 
 slope is long, and extremely abrupt ; it is of a dull yollowish- 
 brown hue, more or less spotted with whitish, and with several 
 broad, irregular, transverse, whitish, slightly angular, or curved 
 bands. The cephalo-thorax is dark, yellow-brown, mottled with 
 pale brownish-yellow, forming a broad, but not well defined , 
 band along the middle, and with a yellowish-whito margin 
 The legs of the two first pairs are dark yellowish-brown, spotted 
 with dull yellowish ; the tibise and metatarsi being banded with 
 yellow-white. The third pair are of a uniform yellowish hue ; 
 the fourth pair are similar, with the genual joints and fore 
 extremities of the tibice dark reddish yellow-brown. 
 
 Eound in the neighbourhood of London, and sent to me by 
 the late Mr. Richard Beck, of 31, Cornhill. Tho male is un- 
 
535 
 
 known to me. M. Simon has founded a separate genus, Pisiiw, ■ 
 upon this spider, chiefly in consequence of the different form of 
 the tuberole between the eyes of the lateral pairs. 
 
 GENUS DI^IA, Thor., 
 
 DI2EA DEVONIENSIN, Sp. n. 
 
 Length of an immature female, nearly 2£ lines. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax, legs, palpi, and other fore parts, are of a 
 brownish-yellow colour, tinged with reddish. A rather radiated 
 aroa at the thoracic junction, is suffused with whitish. The meta- 
 tarsi, and the largor portion of the tibiee of the first two pairs, 
 are armed beneath with two parallel, longitudinal rows of spines. 
 Tho eyes of the hind central pair are nearer to each other than 
 each is to the lateral eye next to it. The four central eyes form 
 a squaro, the foro side being a little shorter than the hinder one. 
 The abdomen is oval, of a pale, dull, brownish-yollow hue, mottled 
 with yellowish-white, and with some pale transverse lines along 
 tho middlo of the uppor side. 
 
 The spider above describod was received some years ago from 
 the late Eev. Hamlet Clark, by whom it was found near 
 Torquay. It has been mislaid, and so overlooked until recently. 
 M. Simon, who has examined this specimen, is of opinion that 
 it belongs to an undoscribed species. It is certainly very dis- 
 tinct from any other British Thomisid. Probably, however, the 
 colours have faded since it was caught. 
 
 DliEA ? FORMOSA. 
 
 Thomisus formosus, Blaekw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 75. 
 
 Length of the female, l-5th of an inch. Male, smaller and 
 slenderer. 
 
 Cophalo-thorax large, slightly compressed before, broadly 
 truncated in front, and of a greenish-yellow colour. The legs 
 are of a similar huo ; those of the first and second pairs have two 
 longitudinal, parallel rows of spines on the under sides of the 
 
536 
 
 tibiee and metatarsi. The abdomen is of a uniform, bright red 
 on the upper side, rather palor in the middle part, and with a few 
 obscure transverse lines of a lightor colour above the spinners ; 
 sides yellowish-white ; under part pale red, mottled with 
 yellowish-white spots. 
 
 Tho male rosembles the female in colour, oxcopting the 
 cephalo-thorax, and its appendages, which are red. The radial 
 joint of the palpus is rather stronger than the cubital, with a 
 largo pointed apophysis at its extremity on the outer side ; 
 digital joint oval, pointed, and compact at its termination. 
 Palpal organs not very complex. 
 
 Found at Southgato, Kent, in May and June, 1848, by tho 
 lato Mr. F. Walker. [I havo never seen this spider, which 
 appears to bo a Dioea, though its generic position is not quito 
 certain.] 
 
 GENUS XYSTICUS, C. L. Koch. 
 XYSTICUS CINEHEUS. 
 
 Xtstious oinereus, C. L. Koch, Blaekw., I.e., p. 74, pi. iv., fig. 43, 
 
 Length of the fomale, l-5th of an inch. 
 
 Very nearly allied to Xysticus sabulosus (p. 301), which it also 
 closely resomblos in size, colours, and markings. 
 
 Tho only British example known (found, many years ago, 
 among heather in Berwickshire) is in my possession, but is in so 
 bad a condition that I am unable to give a decidod opinion upon 
 it. While, thoroforo, it possibly may bo distinct, I am rather 
 inclinod to think it is only an example of tho species mentioned 
 — Xysticus sabulosm, Hahn. 
 
 XYSTICUS BKEV1PES, 
 
 Xystious brevipes, Hahn., Blaekw., I.e., p. 67, pi. iv., fig. 37. 
 
 Longth of the female, l-5th of an inch. 
 
 Tho sides of the cephalo-thorax are brownish-black, mottled 
 with yellowish-brown ; tho lateral margins are also yellowish- 
 brown, and a broad, longitudinal band of the same hue, 
 
537 
 
 minutely spotted -with reddish-brown, runs from tho eyes back- 
 wards. Legs sliort, spinous, and yollowish-brown, mottled 
 with brownish-black. Abdomen largo, depressed, corrugated 
 on tho sides, thinly clothed with short, strong hairs, much tho 
 broadest behind; its colour is yellowish-brown, minutely spotted 
 with red-brown, and with some transverse brownish-black streaks 
 (frequently interrupted in the middle) on tho hindor part of the 
 upper side. Sides irregularly streaked, and spotted with 
 brownish-black. 
 
 Found under stones in fields near Llanrwst, North Wales. [I 
 have never seen an authentic British type of this species, which, 
 in so far at least as British examples are concerned, I suspect 
 strongly to be identical with Xysticus luctuosus (p. 305). At 
 any rate some Dorset examples of the immature male and females, 
 considered by Mr. Blackwall some years ago to be Xysticus 
 brevipes, Hahn., are undoubtedly only examples of Xysticus 
 luctuosus, Bl.] 
 
 XYSTICUS LYNCEUS. 
 
 Xystiotjs ltnoeus, Latr., Gen. Crust, etlns. i., p. 112. 
 Thomisus atomaeitjs, Blachw., I.e. 74, pi. iv., fig. 42. 
 
 Length of the female, l-5th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax brownish-yellow, with two dark brown longi- 
 tudinal lines on each side ; the lower ones longest, and parallel 
 to tho lateral margins. Legs and palpi brownish-yellow, 
 minutely spotted with dark brown, particularly on tho upper 
 part. Abdomen depressed, broadest behind, and of a palo 
 roddish-brown colour, freckled with dark brown spots, which 
 are "much [the most numerous on tho upper part, and vary in 
 number, size, and arrangomont in different individuals. 
 
 Found (on tho authority of tho late Dr. Leach) in Scotland. 
 I once met with an example (decided by Mr. Blackwall to belong 
 to this species, X. atomarius) in the New Forest, Hants, but 
 unfortunately it has been lost. It agreed, however, very exactly 
 with the above description, and is, I think, a good species. 
 
538 
 
 XYSTICUS GLOVERI. 
 
 Thomisus gloveri Blackw., Ann. and Mag. N. H., December, 
 1868. 
 
 Length of the female rather less than Jth of an inch. 
 
 In form, colour, and markings this spider is very like Xysticus 
 Cambridgii, Bl. (p. 308), but smaller. Sides of the cephalo-thorax 
 dark reddish-brown, the posterior part of the central band white ; 
 the anterior part wholly occupied by the usual marking, which is 
 light red-brown, and pointed behind ; ocular area marked with 
 white. Legs marked, suffused, and annulated with dark red- 
 brown, yellowish, and white ; the dark annulations being most dis- 
 tinct on the third and fourth pairs. Abdomen oval, truncate 
 before, rather broadest towards the hinder part, and corrugated 
 on the sides. Upper side dark dull red, with a narrow, longitu- 
 dinal, rather tapering whitish stripe near the middle, and some 
 short obscure whitish bars marked and speckled with black on 
 the hinder half. The sides have their upper margin whitish, 
 marked posteriorly with some slightly oblique lines of more or 
 less confluent black spots. The rest of the sides and under part 
 are dark brown, slightly mottled with whitish-yellow. The 
 genital aperture is on a strongish prominence. 
 
 Found, once only, at Hendre House, Llanrwst, in the month 
 of September, by Mr. Blackwall. 
 
 GENUS PHILODEOMUS, Walck. 
 
 PHILODROMUS LINEATIPES. 
 
 Philodeomus lineatipes, Cambr., Ann. and Mag., N. H. 3 s., 
 vol. 1, p. 122, pi. xi., fig. 5. 
 Length of the male and female rather more than 2£ lines. 
 . Cephalo-thorax dark chocolate brown. Caput yellowish 
 brown, with some darker linear markings ; clypeus paler still ; 
 thorax marked with fine, yellow-brown, conveiging lines on the 
 sides. Legs dark brown ; femora brownish yellow, with a broad- 
 ish and distinct longitudinal brown stripe on their outer sides, and 
 
539 
 
 a few similar obscure spots in front, the stripes on the genua 
 and tibiee being less distinct. The anterior extremity of each of 
 the femora, genua, and tibiee is marked on the upper side with a 
 whitish yellow spot. Falces dark brown, with a pale patch in 
 the middle of the front of each. Palpi (of the male) darkish 
 brown, radial and digital joints darkest. The radial joint is 
 bent, less strong than the cubital, and its outer extremity is 
 produced into a large bifid apophysis ; the anterior limb of this 
 apophysis is black and obtuse, the posterior, which is also rather 
 beneath, is much the largest and strongest, and of a pale hue ; 
 digital joint large, thickly clothed with hairs, oval, and rather 
 obtusely pointed ; palpal organs large, prominent, simple in 
 structure, and of a very deep brown-black colour. 
 
 Sternum glossy, palo yellow-brown. 
 
 Abdomen of an oblong oval form (in the female more distinctly 
 broadest behind) ; upper part and sides dark chocolate brown, 
 palest in the medial line of the fore part, and marked (chiefly 
 on the sides, and, most conspicuously, on each side of the posterior 
 extremity of the upper part), with white and yellowish spots. 
 Under part dull brownish, mottled with white on the lateral 
 margins. 
 
 The sexes are very similar in colours and markings ; the female, 
 however, has the genua and tibia) more distinctly marked with 
 dark stripes than the male. Although the adults here described 
 are, excepting in one important character — the linear dark 
 stripes on the legs — so exceedingly unlike, in colours and mark- 
 ings, the very young example described (I.e. supra), I am con- 
 vinced that they are of the same species. 
 
 Found near Braeniar, and also in Perthshire. Nearly allied to 
 Philodromus emarginatus (supra, p. 333). 
 
 PHILODROMUS CLARKII. 
 
 Philodeomtj8 clarkii, Blackw., Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 96. 
 Length of the male 1 -7th of an inch. 
 Oephalo-thorax and logs red-brown, freckled with minute spats 
 
540 
 
 of a deeper hue. Palpi short and similar to tho logs in colour; tho 
 radial joint is smaller than the cubital, and has a large somewhat 
 pointed apophysis at its extremity on the outer side. Digital 
 j oint irregular-oval in form, convex at the base, and depressed 
 near tho middle Palpal organs not vory complex, and moder- 
 ately developed; a long slender black spine prominent at 
 its origin on the inner side, is curved round their extremity. 
 The fore part of tho digital joint is produced beyond tho con- 
 cavity containing these organs. 
 
 Abdomen oviform, rod-brown, freckled with minuto spots of a 
 darker hue ; palost on the sides. A serios of obliquo, not very 
 distinct, yellowish-white spots occurs on oach side of tho modial 
 hue ; at their hinder extremity the two series meot and form an 
 oblong lanceolate figure. 
 
 Found at Southgate, Kent, in June, 1849, by tho late Mr. P. 
 Walker. [I have not seen this spider, which, from tho descrip- 
 tion, appears to be of a vory distinct species.] 
 
 PHILODROMUS VARIATUS. 
 
 Philodkomus variatus, BlatTcto., I.e., p. 97. 
 
 Length of the femalo Jth of an inch. 
 
 Cophalo-thorax short, broad, slightly compressed before Tho 
 sides are of a dark brown colour mixed with yollow -brown, and 
 a broad yellow-brown band runs along tho middle. Logs pale red- 
 dish brown, deepest at the joints. Falccs reddish brown. Abdomon 
 oviform, yellowish brown on the upper side, mingled with red- 
 brown and very dark brown. A vory deep brown band, 
 bordorod on each side by a pale yollow-brown one, runs from tho 
 fore extremity along tho middle to nearly half of its length. Noar 
 the middle are several oblique dark brown patches, behind 
 which there is a curvod transverse line of tho same colour. A 
 black streak runs upwards from oach upper spinner, the space 
 included being of a glossy yellow-brown huo. Sides red-brown, 
 blended with brownish-black. Under part yollowish whito, 
 
541 
 
 faintly tinged with dull grcon, and with a broad, longitudinal, 
 central, dark brown band. 
 
 Found on rails and gates, in summer, near Llanrwst, North 
 Wulos, in sunshine. [I have not soon this spider.] 
 
 PHILODROMUS MISTUS. 
 
 Puilodromus MisTUs, Blackw., I.e., p. 98. 
 
 Longth of the female nearly Jth of an inch. Male rather 
 smaller. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax of the female yellowish brown, 'with a broad, 
 longitudinal, dark brown band on each side, and narrow, pale 
 yellowish white margins. Legs pale yellowish brown, 
 interspersed with minute, almost microscopic, blackish spots. 
 Abdomen oviform, pale yellowish brown above, mottled with 
 reddish brown, and with an obscure, oblong-oval, reddish brown 
 medial band extending from the fore extromity to nearly half of 
 its length. The upper side has an irregular dark reddish brown 
 marginal band, from which some imperfectly dofinod streaks 
 pass obliquely upwards, particularly in the posterior region. 
 Sides and under part dull yellowish white, minutely spotted with 
 reddish brown; the under part also has throe longitudinal 
 red-brown bands, which converge into a point near the spinnerst 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of the male is dark brown, with a paler 
 broad band along the middlo, and narrow yellowish whito 
 margins. The radial joints of the palpi have three apophyses 
 at thoir oxtremities ; one on the under side is short, strong, and 
 furnished with two pointed prominences, another longer and 
 acute is on the outer side, and the third, which is very small, is in 
 front. Digital joint somewhat oval, but prominent on the outer 
 side ; palpal organs highly developed, but not very complex, 
 with a fino spine curved from the inner side round their 
 extremity. Abdomen dark brown, approaching black, freckled 
 above with whito ; the oblong-oval band on the fore part imper- 
 fectly defined by an obscure border of whitish hairs ; sides 
 
542 
 
 brownish. The hairs on the cephalo-thorax and abdomen 
 reflect, in a strong light, brilliant tints of green and purple. 
 
 Found in the same localities as Philodronws variatus, Blackw., in 
 May and June, and nearly resembling Philodromus cespiticolk, 
 "VValck. 
 
 [I have never seen this spider.] 
 
FAMILY LYCOSLDES. 
 
 GENUS PIRATA, Sund. 
 TIRATA KNORRII. 
 
 Aranea knorrii, Scop. Unt. Cam., p. 403. 
 
 Lycosa piscatoria, C. L. Koch, Die. Arachn. xv., p. 6, Tab. 
 
 506, fig. 1417—1419$ 
 Pirata knorrii, Camb?:, Entomologist 1877, vol. x., p. 204, and 
 
 206. 
 
 Length of the male rather over 2£ lines. Female somewhat 
 larger. 
 
 Closely allied, and very similar, hoth to Pirata piraticus, Clk. 
 (p. 353), and Pirata piscatorius, Ibid. (p. 351). It is, however, not 
 nearly so large as the latter, and differs in the form of the lateral 
 and central bands on tho cophalo-thorax. Tho central band is 
 irregular on tho odges, strongly constricted just at the hinder 
 part of the caput, and has its fore part almost entirely occupied 
 (excepting a marginal line) by tho dark, tapering, or spear- 
 headed marking. Tho marginal bands are also very irregular, 
 or jagged, on their upper edges, and are (apparently) less con- 
 spicuously clothed with white hairs than in Pirata piscatorius. 
 The samo differences distinguish it also from Pirata piraticus* 
 From both it also diffors in having the legs distinctly annulated 
 with light yellow-brown and deep brown. It is also a rnoro 
 hirsuto spidor than Pirata piraticus, and has a dark brown 
 sternum in tho female, partly divided in front by a longitudinal, 
 central, yellowish stripe. From Pirata hygrophilas (p. 352) it 
 may be distinguished by its smaller size, and more distinctly 
 annulated legs ; also by the pale marginal bands of the cephalo- 
 
544 
 
 thorax having a dark ono between them and the actual margin ; 
 as woll by the more constricted form at the occiput of the central 
 band, and the bright, reddish, yellow-brown normal marking 
 on the fore part of the abdomen. 
 Found iu tho Islo of Arran. 
 
 GENUS TEOCHOSA, C. L. Koch. 
 
 THOCHOSA BIUNGUICULATA. 
 
 Lycosa biunguiculata, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 526, 
 pi. xlvi., fig. 2. 
 
 Length of tho malo nearly 4 linos. 
 
 This spider belongs to the Trochosa picta group. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax yollow-brown, thickly clothed with a short, 
 yellowish-grey pubescence, and with some dark converging lines 
 on tho sides ; the two strongest of the lines are those which indi- 
 cate the j unction of the caput and thorax. Legs strong, moder- 
 ately long, 4.1.2.3.; but little difference between 1.2. and 3 ; 
 colour pale lemon yellow ; femora and genua slightly marked with 
 a few obscure, reddish yellow-brown maculte. Annulation, if any, 
 very obscure. Palpi strong, but not very long ; radial and 
 cubital joints of about equal length ; fore extremity of humeral 
 joint, on upper side, has three short, strong, black spines in a 
 transverse row ; digital joint as long as tho radial and cubital 
 together, but broader than these, and terminating with two short, 
 strongish, curved, divergent claws. Palpal organs neither very 
 prominont nor complox ; near their middle is a not very long, 
 but rapidly taporing, sharp, fine-pointed spine, whose point 
 directed outwards does not quite reach tho edge of the digital 
 joint. Just in front of this spine is another vory slonder, curved 
 one having a similar direction. Sternum black. 
 
 The abdomen, although much shrunkon in the only example 
 yet discovered, is apparently of a short, broad-oval form. Its 
 gonoral huo is dark yellow-brown, clothed with reddish hairs, 
 and with several transverse curved, or slightly angular, narrow 
 
545 
 
 stripes on the hinder half ; the normal marking on the fore part 
 of the upper side is bordered by a black line, obtuse at its 
 hinder extremity and thickly clothed with greyish-white hairs. 
 Underside dark yellowish-brown. 
 Found on a mountain near Braemar, Scotland. 
 
 TROCHOSA CINEREA. 
 
 Aranea cinehea, Fair., Ent. Syst., ii., p. 423. 
 
 ,, allodroma, Walch., Blackw., I.e., p. 23, pi. i., fig. 7. 
 
 Length of the male from 6 to nearly 8 lines, female rather 
 larger. 
 
 This fine spider is nearly allied to Trochosa picta, Hahn. (p, 358), 
 and has much the appearance of a very large, pale, indistinctly 
 marked, grey, or washed out, example of that species. The mark- 
 ings (especially of the cephalo-thorax) are much obscured by yel- 
 lowish-grey pubescence, and the legs aro very hairy. The radial 
 joints of the palpi are longer than the cubital, but of the same 
 length as the digital ; the last being scarcely broader than the 
 radial. Palpal organs small, not very complex, and confined to 
 a small concavity beneath the base of the digital joint. The large 
 size of this spider will easily prevent its being mistaken for any 
 other British species. 
 
 Found in the North of England, Scotland, and in North 
 "Wales, among stones on the margins of rivers, and in the dry 
 beds of water courses. 
 
 GENUS LYCOSA, Latr. 
 
 LYCOSA TRAILLII. 
 
 Lycosa traillii, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 524, pi. 
 xlvi., fig. 1. 
 
 Length of tho male 3 lines, of the female nearly 4. 
 
 In general form and appearance this spider more nearly 
 resembles Lycosa amentata, Clk. (p. 370) than any other of our 
 indigenous species. 
 
546 
 
 Cephalo-thorax deep reddish-brown. Oaput black. Thorax 
 clothed with greyish puboscence and marked with rather indis- 
 tinct converging blackish stripes. 
 
 Legs long, 4.3.1.2., moderately strong ; colour dull reddish 
 yellow-brown, annulated with deep blackish-brown, more dis- 
 tinctly so in the females than in the males ; in both sexes the 
 paler portions aro clothed with greyish-white pubescence. 
 
 Palpi rather long, and strong; similar, in colour and markings, 
 to the legs. Digital joint of the male black ; radial joint longer 
 than the cubital, and, with the digital, furnished pretty thickly 
 with black hairs ; digital joint long and strong, terminating with 
 a strongish, slightly crooked spine. Palpal organs prominent, 
 especially the hinder portion of the main lobe, which is directed 
 rather backwards; from its upper surfaco issue two strong, 
 prominont, divergent processes, the inner one curved and double 
 the length and strength of the outer one. Those processes are 
 united, or closely adherent, at their base, and have a strongly 
 furcate, and rather conspicuous appearance. 
 
 Sternum black. 
 
 Abdomen, thickly clothed with hairs, and of a dull sooty-black 
 hue above. Pattern very obscure ; normal marking on the fore 
 part of the upper side obscure, yellowish red-brown, bordered by 
 a blacker line, and (apparently) sharp-pointed behind ; on the 
 hinder part are some obscure spots formed of whitish hairs, and 
 arranged in a longitudinal row on either side ; between the rows 
 are some faint, similarly-formed, transverse, curved lines. Undor 
 side vinous brown, thinly clothed with short whitish pubescence. 
 
 Pound on the mountains near Braemar, Scotland. 
 
 LYCOSA FAERENII. 
 
 Lycosa faerenii, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 395, pi. 54, 
 No. 2. 
 
 Length of the male 1\ lines ; female rather larger. 
 
 In size and general appearance this spider bears some 
 resemblance to several other species of Lycosa, but the male may 
 
547 
 
 be at onco distinguished by the strong and unusually tumid 
 form of the radial joints of the palpi. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dark yellow-brown, with a broad, longitudinal, 
 deep brown band on each side of the medial line, and another 
 narrow one just above the lateral margins. The central stripe is 
 irregular on its edges. Fore part of the ocular area black. 
 
 Falces yellow-brown, with a broadish, deep brown, longitudinal 
 band in front. Legs moderately long, 4.1.2.3., generally yellow- 
 brown ; the femora and genua deeply suffused with dark brown, 
 and marked with irregular darker lines ; tarsi and metatarsi pale 
 yellowish. Palpi moderate in length, deep yellow-brown, digital 
 and radial joints darkest ; the latter is longer than the cubital, 
 and of a roundish, nodiform, or tumid shape, particularly in 
 front. The length of the digital joint is equal to that of the 
 radial and cubital together, its extremity being somewhat drawn 
 out, its broadest part scarcely broader than the radial joint ; 
 palpal organs neither very prominent nor complex. 
 
 Abdomen dull yellow-brown, with two longitudinal, irregularly 
 dentated, narrowish, black, converging bands, one on each side 
 of the medial line. The normal marking on the fore part has a 
 prominent point on each side, and is bifid at its hinder extremity, 
 between which and the spinners are several obtusely angular, 
 transverse lines. Within the apex of each of these, at the 
 prominent points, and at the angles of the bifid extremity of the 
 normal marking, and also within each outer angle of the 
 dentated longitudinal band, is a small tuft of nearly white hairs, 
 forming, in fact, roughly, three longitudinal lines of rather con- 
 spicuous whitish spots on the upper side. 
 
 The sides are marked with several oblique, black, broken 
 lines. 
 
 The under side of the abdomen has a hoary and, at the same 
 time, a somewhat speckled look, the ordinary hairs being mixed 
 with others of a black and somewhat squaniose nature, as welj 
 as with numerous short white ones. The sexes resemble each other 
 in colours and markings, but the femora and genua of the female 
 
548 
 
 aro paler and moro distinctly marked with black linos and mark- 
 ings, and the sternum is yellow, with a marginal border of 
 largish dark brown spots. 
 
 Found in Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire ; and very recently 
 received from the neighbourhood of Paris from Monsieur Eugene 
 Simon. 
 
 GENUS TARENTULA, Sunt. 
 TAUENTULA MINI ATA. 
 
 Tarentula miniata, C. L. Koch, Die. Arachn. xiv., p. 196, Tub, 
 
 503, fig. 1406, 1408. 
 Lycosa nivalis, Cambr., Zoologist 1860, p. 6862 and 6895. 
 ,, miniata, Ibid, Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii., p. 398. 
 
 Length of the female 2J lines ; female rather larger. 
 
 Cephalo -thorax dark brown on the sides, with narrow marginal, 
 and broad longitudinal central, reddish yellow-brown bands, 
 clothed with pubescence. The central band is slightly constricted 
 at the occiput, and includes the area of tho four posterior eyes. 
 
 Legs reddish yollow-brown ; femora and tibiro (the latter 
 slightly) annulated with dark brown, and clothed with greyish 
 pubescence. 
 
 Palpi similar to the legs in colour ; cubital and radial joints 
 short, and of equal length ; digital joint of moderate size ; 
 palpal organs not very complex. 
 
 Abdomen oval, of a reddish yellow-brown colour, more or less 
 clothed with grey, and yellowish grey pubescence. The normal 
 marking is large, of a browner hue, bordered by a marginal 
 black lino, with a prominent point on each side, and a somewhat 
 obtuse termination ; on each side of this termination, and follow- 
 ing it, is a series of more or less obsolete, oblique, blackish lines, 
 or broken angular bars, whose extromities are dilated, forming 
 on each side a longitudinal row of black spots, alternately with 
 
549 
 
 which aro white spots or tufts of hairs frequently connected by 
 tranverse curved lines of the same nature. The sides are 
 irregularly marked and streaked with black ; the under side 
 being yellowish brown, slightly tinged with red, and clothed with 
 yellow-grey pubescence. 
 
 A very active, pretty, and distinct species ; abundant on the 
 sand hills near Southport, Lancashire, and also received from 
 Scotland. It runs in sunshine only, disappearing instantly on 
 the obscuration of the sun's rays. 
 
 The egg-sac is peculiar, being of a pale flesh-coloured-pink 
 hue. 
 
 TARENTULA ACULEATA. 
 
 Araneus aculeatus, Clerck., Thorell, Syn. Europ. Spiders » 
 
 p. 323-8. 
 Tarentula aouleata, Clerck., Cambr., Entomologist 1877, p. 205, 
 and Ann. and Mag., N. H., s. 5, 1., p. 124. 
 
 Length of the male nearly 4J lines ; female rather larger. 
 
 This spider is exceedingly closely allied to Tarentula pulverulenta, 
 Clk. (p. 364). It is, however, considerably larger, and the legs 
 are proportionately longer ; in the present spider those of the 
 fourth pair are (according to Dr. Thorell, I.e.) nearly three-and- 
 a-half times as long as the cephalo-thorax, while in Tarentula 
 pulverulenta they are scarcely three times as long. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax in Tarentula aculeata is little or no 
 longor than the gonual and tibial joints of the fourth pair 
 togcthor, while in tho other species it is distinctly longer. These 
 comparative measurements hold good in several examples I have 
 examined. In the present spider also the abdomen appears to 
 me to be of a much more generally grey hue than that of 
 'Tarentula pulverulenta , and tho central, longitudinal, thoracic band 
 less clearly defined. 
 
 Found at Braemar, Scotland, and also in the Isle of Arran. 
 
550 
 TARENTULA TRABAMS. 
 Araneus trabalis, Clerck., Sv. Spindl., p. 97, pi. iv., tab. 9 
 
 Tarentula trabalis, Clerck., Cambr., Ann. and Mag., N. H., 
 b. 5, 1., p. 125, and Thorell, Syn. Europ. 
 Spid., p. 321. 
 
 Length of the male from 4 to 4£ lines ; female larger. 
 
 Allied to Tarentula aculeata, Clk., but easily distinguished 
 by its prevailing yellow and yellow-brown hue. The pattern is 
 very similar, but the longitudinal bands on the cephalo-thorax 
 are much more clearly defined, especially the pale lateral 
 marginal ones. The dark lateral bands are deep yellowish 
 brown, the central and marginal ones brightish yellow. The 
 sternum is darkish yellow-brown, with a central longitudinal 
 yellow band, which does not, however, reach the hinder 
 extremity. The abdominal markings (very similar in their 
 colours to those on the cephalo-thorax) are exceedingly well 
 defined. The markings on the femora are also more conspicuous 
 than those of Tarentula aculeata. 
 
 On the outer side (rather in front) of the humeral joint of the 
 male palpus is a longitudinal line of closely-set black hairs. 
 
 This spider is also similar in pattern to Tarentula pulverulenta, 
 Oik. (p. 364.), but its much larger size, as well as different 
 colouring, distinguish it at once. 
 
 An immature female found near Exeter, and sent to me some 
 years ago by Mr. Edward Parfitt, is the only British example of 
 this fine spider I have yet seen. 
 
 I have received adults of both sexes from France, where it is 
 abundant, and also from Germany ; and have found it myself in 
 Upper Austria and in the Italian Lake District. 
 
FAMILY OXYOPLDES. 
 
 A small group of semitropieal spiders, containing (as at 
 present known) but two genera only, one of which is represented 
 in Great Britain. They are allied both to the Lycosides and 
 Salticides. The cephalo-thorax is of peculiar form, rising 
 gradually from the hinder to the fore extremity, which last 
 (caput) is large and obtuse, the lateral constrictions being very 
 slight. Legs long, not very strong, nor greatly differing in 
 length ; armod with numerous and very long spines, and 
 terminating with three tarsal claws. Eyes unequal in size, placed 
 in four transverse rows of considerably different length, forming 
 a somewhat lute shape, with the point (in front) truncated. 
 
 The spiders of this family are found on low-growing plants 
 herbage, and bushes. Thoy spin no snare, but capture their 
 prey by leaping upon it, and are very active, running and 
 jumping like the Salticides, from plant to plant. 
 
 GENUS OXYOPES, Latr. SPHASUS, Walck., Blackio. 
 
 Eyes in a tolerably compact group, seated, as above, in four 
 transverse rows. Those of the foremost row very small, and near 
 together ; those of the second row largest and wider apart 
 forming, with those of the first row, a quadrangular figure, 
 whose posterior side is longest. Those of the third row 
 are smaller than those of the second, and form a line at 
 least double its length. The fourth row is the same length 
 as the second, and its eyes are of the same size. Clypeus 
 very high. Legs long, slender, varying in relative length. 
 Abdomen oval, much the highest in front, sloping gradually to 
 the spinners. Maxillee long, straight. Labium at least one half 
 
552 
 
 longer than broad, gradually narrowing and pointed at the 
 apex. 
 
 OXYOPES LINEATUS. 
 
 Sphasus lineatus, Latr., Blackw., I.e., p. 43, pi. iii., fig. 22. 
 
 Length of the female l-4th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax dark brown ; the hinder part has a longitudinal 
 yellow-brown central V-shaped marking, the margins are of the 
 same colour, as also is a short streak behind each of the eyes of 
 the third row ; and the clypeus has two vertical brown streaks 
 broadest at their upper ends, and continued along the middle of 
 the front of the falces. 
 
 Legs brownish-yellow, with brown streaks and other mark- 
 ings, and armed with numerous long spines. 
 
 Sternum dark brown, with a central, longitudinal, brownish- 
 yellow line. 
 
 Abdomen dark brown, with an elongate, narrow, yellow- 
 brown, longitudinal, central marking on the fore part of the 
 upper side, broadly bordered with dark-brown, and margined 
 again outside this with brownish-yellow, the latter continued 
 backwards in a narrow, tapering form (generally broken into 
 patches and spots) to the spinners. The sides are marked with 
 three more or less oblique yellow-brown stripes. Under side 
 brownish-yellow, with a broad, central, longitudinal, dark-brown 
 band. 
 
 The male is darker coloured and rather smaller than the 
 female. Cubital joint of palpus very short, radial much longer, 
 with a very large, prominent, slightly curved apophysis at its 
 base on the outer side, longer than the joint, of a broadish, 
 flattened form, obtusely rounded at its extremity, near and above 
 which is a small prominent point ; there is also another promin- 
 ent point below its base ; and underneath the joint is a second 
 strong obtusely-pointed apophysis. Digital joint very large, 
 rather pinched in at its fore extremity, and with a large lobe 
 
553 
 
 near its base on the inner side. Palpal organs not very com- 
 plex, but very prominent at their base. 
 
 Several examples found among heather near Lyndhurst, 
 Hampshire, in the month of September, 1858 ; but all immature. 
 The above description of the adults is from some well authenti- 
 cated continental examples in my collection. 
 
FAMILY SALTICIDES. 
 
 GENUS MAEPESSA, C. L. Koch. 
 
 In this Genus the whole spider is of an elongate and depressed 
 form, by which its species may easily be distinguished from 
 those of other British genera. Legs not very different in 
 length, 1.4.2.3., those of 1.4 and 2.3 being respectively almost 
 equal ; those of the first pair are very robust ; the femora dilated 
 and compressed. Spines on the tibise and metatarsi. The 
 whole spider entirely clothed with pubescence. 
 
 Three species have been recorded in Britain, but neither of 
 them has as yet been found in Dorsetshire. 
 
 MAEPESSA MUSCOSA. 
 
 Araneus muscosus, Clerck., Sv. Spindl. p. 116, pi. v., tab. 12. 
 Salticus tabdigradus, Blachw., I.e., p. 63, pi. iii., fig. 35. 
 
 Length of the male nearly £-an-inch. Femalo rather larger. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax somewhat quadrilateral, depressed, and densely 
 clothed with black, red-brown, and yellow-white pubescence. 
 Ocular area black. A broad, dark-brown, longitudinal band 
 runs along the middle of the thorax, with a broad marginal band 
 of the same colour on each side, the remaining spaces being 
 dark reddish yellow-brown, clothed with pale hairs. Logs 
 short, 4.1.2.3., strong, particularly those of the first pair, which 
 are of a dark brownish-black, or rt ddish-brown colour, palest 
 on the tarsi and metatarsi, the rest being yellow-brown, annu- 
 lated, and marked with black-brown. 
 
 Palpi (of the male) short, strong ; deep-brown. The 
 humeral joint has an obtuse protuberance near its extremity on 
 its inner side, and the radial has a strong, curved, pointed 
 
555 
 
 apophysis at its extremity on the outer eido, the point directed 
 inwards. Digital joint very large, of a broad, oval, flattish form. 
 Palpal organs prominent and complex. 
 
 Abdomen elongate-oval, depressed, hairy ; its colour is greyish- 
 brown above, with a longitudinal, central, somewhat irregularly 
 dentated, dark blackish band, emitting some lateral, black, 
 ragged, transverse bars, edged more or less broadly and irregu- 
 larly with yellowish white on their hinder margins ; just above 
 the spinners is a large, triangular, pale, whitish area, marked 
 with two or three dark brown angular lines. Sides dark, black- 
 brown. Under side yellow-grey, spotted with black. In some 
 examples the yellow-white on the upper side prevails, but in 
 its general aspect the spider usually appears to be variegated 
 with black, dark-grey, brown, and yellow-white. 
 
 The sexes are very similar in colours and markings. 
 
 Mr. Blackwall records this fine species from near Lancaster. 
 I have found it myself rather abundantly at Calke Abbey, 
 Derbyshire, in the month of August, 1861, on an old wood- 
 paling fence, in the joints and crevices of which it finds a secure 
 retreat. It is not very active, and its leaping powers seem to be 
 slight. I have also received it from Norfolk and from Sussex, 
 as well as (very recently) from Hoddesdon, in Hertfordshire. 
 
 MAKPESSA POMATIA. 
 
 Attus pomatius, Walch, Ins. Apt. L, p. 461. 
 
 Salticus blackwallii, Clark., Blackw., I.e., p. 62, pi. iii., fig. 34. 
 
 Length of the female l-3rd of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo -thorax tawny yellow. Ocular area black ; lateral 
 margins and some oblique converging lines on the sides also 
 black. Clypeus furnished with longish pale yellow hairs. 
 Falces small. Legs strong ; first pair strongest, and, with the 
 second, armed beneath the tibieo and metatarsi with two parallel 
 rows of spines, and of a yellow-brown colour, with a longitudinal 
 row of black spots, sometimes confluent on the upper part of 
 the femora and tibiae ; the first pair also spotted on the sides. 
 
55(5 
 
 Sternum yellowish, with, black marginal border. Abdomen 
 oblong-oval, yellowish-brown, with a longitudinal band on each 
 side of the medial line, formed by large confluent black spots, 
 and converging to their hinder extremities. Sides marked with 
 slightly oblique rows of black spots and streaks. Under side 
 spotted with small black spots, the largest being in the medial 
 line. 
 
 The male is somewhat smaller than the female, much darker, 
 and less distinctly marked. The palpi are very remarkable in 
 the size of the digital joint and in the structure of the palpal 
 organs. 
 
 The female only of this fine species has been found in 
 Britain. An example of this sex taken by the late Eev. Hamlet 
 Clark on a post by the seashore at Southport, Lancashire, in 
 September, 1855 (and now in my possession), still remains 
 unique as British. I have received both sexes from France, 
 where, however, it is also a very rare spider. 
 
 MAKPESSA NIGKOLIMBATA. 
 
 Salticus nigrolimbatu.% Cambr. Trans. Linn. Soc, xxviii.,. p. 
 527, and Proc. Zool. Soc, 1869, p. 452. 
 Length of the female 1 -3rd of an inch; male rather smaller. 
 Cephalo-thorax black, more or less clothed with short greyish- 
 yellow or w hitish pubescence, and with a marginal band of white 
 hairs. Legs moderately long, 1.4.3.2., yellow-brown (those of 
 the first and second pairs darkest), marked and clouded in parts 
 with dark brown. 
 
 Palpi (of tho male) short, particularly the cubital and radial 
 joints ; the humeral, radial, and cubital joints are furnished with 
 white hairs, those on the inner side of the radial longest, and 
 forming a sort of tuft ; this last joint is produced on tho inner 
 side, and has an oblique direction. Digital joint largo, of a 
 somewhat oblong-oval form ; at the base, rather on the outer 
 side, is a small conical tooth-like prominence pointing backwards ; 
 
667 
 
 palpal organs simple, but prominent, situated far back beneath, 
 the digital joint and extending also beneath the radial. 
 
 Abdomen, rather elongato-oval, of a dull greyish or yellow- 
 grey hue, bordered laterally on the upper side with a broadish 
 but dull brown band, and with a longitudinal central tapering 
 one of a reddish brown or blackish hue. Sides and under side 
 dull clay-coloured yellow. 
 
 The sexos do not differ greatly in colours and markings ; but 
 the dark marginal border on the upper side of the abdomen of 
 the female is darker and better defined than in the male, and the 
 central band is rather obsolete, or else forms only a short oblong 
 marking at the fore extremity. 
 
 Both sexes were found on a wall at Freshwater, Isle of Wight, 
 and sent to me by Mr. Henry Rogers. I have also received it 
 from St. Helena, and other distant localities. It seems, there- 
 fore, to be a very widely-distributed species. 
 
 MARPESSA (?) JENYNSII. 
 
 Salticus Jenynsii, Blachw., I.e., p. 61. 
 
 Length of the female 3-10ths of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax prominent in front, projecting beyond the 
 base of the f alces ; covered with yellowish-brown and black 
 hairs intermixed, and with some long yellowish ones below the 
 front row of eyes. The margins are marked with a black line, 
 and immediately above it (on each side) is a longitudinal yellow- 
 ish-brown one. Legs strong, 1.4.2.3., especially those of the first 
 two pairs, provided with hairs and strong black spines, of a yellow- 
 ish-brown colour, with a longitudinal black line along the upper 
 part of the femora, genua, and tibiso. Abdomen oviform, 
 pointed at the spinners, and densely clothed with short, yellowish- 
 brown hairs, interspersed with long black ones. A faint red- 
 brown line passes from the spinners along the middle of the 
 upper side for more than half its length, and then separates into 
 two diverging branches, which run to its fore extremity, form- 
 ing a very acute angle ; those red-brown lines have an obscure 
 
558 
 
 whitish border, bounded by a faint, red-brown, parallel line ; 
 and an obscure whitish line bisects the angular space comprised 
 between the diverging branchos of the medial line. On the 
 under side is an obscure, dark, central, longitudinal, tapering 
 band. 
 
 Found in Cambridgeshire by the Eev. Leonard Jenyns in 1852. 
 
 [I have never seen this spider, which is very probably a 
 Marpessa.'] 
 
 GENUS EUOPHEYS, 0. L. Koch. 
 
 EUOPHRYS ERHATICUS. 
 
 Atttjb eeeatiotjs, Walclc, Sim., Arachn. de France III., p. 174. 
 Saltious distinotus, Blackw., I.e., p. 54, pi. iii., fig. 29. 
 
 Length of the male rather less than l-6th of an inch ; female 
 somewhat larger. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax slopes abruptly behind, is prominent in 
 front, and projects over the base of the falces. Colour very dark 
 brown, with a line of whitish hairs above the lateral margins. 
 Upper part covered with yellowish brown and whitish hairs, with 
 a short central line of the latter behind the posterior eyes. 
 
 Legs 4.3.1.2., pale reddish brown, with brownish black 
 annuli. 
 
 Abdomen oviform, brown, clothed with a mixture of yellowish 
 brown, reddish brown, and yellowish white hairs ; there are some 
 whitish hairs in front, and some others form a white spot directly 
 above the spinners ; in the middle of the fore part are two small 
 obscure yellowish white concentric arcs of circles, following 
 which is a series of angular lines of the same colour. The first 
 two angular lines are longest, and their extremities meet on each 
 side. Sides brown, mixed with yellowish white ; and on the 
 under side is a broad, reddish brown, central, longitudinal band. 
 
 The male is rather the darkest coloured. Legs 4.1.3.2., first 
 and second pairs, and femora of the others, brownish black' 
 
559 
 
 Cubital and radial joints of the palpi short. Radial apophysis 
 long, pointed, and curved abruptly at its extremity. Digital joint 
 large, oval, very dark brown. Palpal organs prominent, simple 
 in structure, and projecting backwards to the articulation of the 
 radial and cubital joints. 
 
 The sexes do not differ much in colours and markings. 
 
 Found in North "Wales, and North Lancashire undor stones 
 on old walls ; adult in May and June. I have also received it 
 from the neighbourhood of Exeter. 
 
 EUOPHRYS (?) GRACILIS. 
 
 SALTIOT73 GRACILIS, BUckw., 1.0. p, 56. 
 
 Length of the female, 3-20ths of an inch. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax slopes from the middle towards eaeh 
 extremity, and projects a little beyond the base of the fakes. 
 It is glossy, very dark brown, with a transverse curved band of 
 intermixed white and yellowish-brown hairs behind the eyes, its 
 extremities extending to a similar transverse band in front. 
 Legs short, 4.3.1.2., yellowish-brown, with black annuli, those 
 at the extremity of the femora and tibiae being most conspicuous. 
 Palpi short, strong, pale yellow-brownish. Abdomen oviform, 
 pointed behind, and thickly covered with hairs of a very dark 
 brown colour, mixed with scattered yellow-brownish hairs. At 
 the fore extremity is a semi-circular, transvorse, yollowish-white 
 band, and on the sides several oblique spots of the same hue ; 
 in tho middle are two angular yellowish- white lines, the posterior 
 one much the strongest. Under sido yellowish-white, with a 
 broad, longitudinal, dark-brown, central band. 
 
 Found among heather in woods on the Carnarvonshire and 
 Denbighshire sides of the Valley of the Conway. 
 
 [I have not seen this spidor, which Mr. Blackwall supposes to 
 be Sallicus gracilis, Halm. It is, I imagino, a species of Euophrys, 
 and nearly allied to Euophrys tsquipw Cambr., p. 404.] 
 
560 
 GENUS HYCTIA, Sim. 
 
 Differs from Marpessa in being of a still narrower and more 
 elongate form. In other respects it is very closely allied to that 
 genus (according to M. Simon, Arachn. de France iii., p. 19). 
 The relative length of the genual and tibial joints of the first 
 pair of legs differs constantly in the two genera ; in Marpessa 
 these are equal, but in Hyctia the latter is one half longer than 
 the former. This last may be so in the adults (which I have not 
 seen), but it scarcely holds good in the immature state, at 
 least not to the extent mentioned above. Including Hyctia 
 xanthogramma, Bl. (of doubtful genus), two species of this genus 
 are found in Britain, but they have not yet been met with in 
 Dorsetshire. 
 
 While the different species of Marpessa are for the most part 
 found on walls, rocks, and trunks of trees ; those of Hyctia 
 appoar to be usually found in marshy places. 
 
 HYCTIA NIVOYI. 
 
 Salticus nivoyi, Luc, Explor. en. Alg6rie. 
 
 „ peomptus, Blachw., I.e., p. 59, pi. iii., fig 32. 
 
 Length of an immature female rather less than 1 -6th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax tawny yellow. Ocular area black. The 
 margins are black, as aro also some converging lines on the 
 sides, and a longitudinal central one on the hinder part. Legs 
 short, rather strong, 4.1.3.2; colour pale yellowish brown, 
 sparsely marked with black. Palpi similar in colour and 
 markings to the legs. Abdomen dull yellowish, marked above 
 and on the sides with curved, transvorso, oblique rows of black 
 spots, more or less confluent. The spots on the fore part of the 
 upper side form longitudinal lines. 
 
 Sternum yollowish, with a black marginal border. 
 
 A single example was found near Northampton many years 
 
561 
 
 ago, and another more recently in Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire. 
 The former example has been examined by M. Simon, who tells 
 me that it is identical with Hyctia nivoyi, Luc. 
 
 HYCTIA (?) XANTHOGRAMMA. 
 
 SALTIOUS XANTHOGRAMMA, Blachw., l.C, p. 51. 
 
 This spider is only known from the very short description 
 quoted by Mr. Blackwall (I.e.) from "Martin Lister" (Hist. 
 Animal Angl. De Aran., p. 90). The following are the most 
 important points of this description : — Of medium size, mostly 
 yellowish. Cophalo-thorax large, nearly quadrate, very flat, 
 broadest in front. Eyes emerald green. Abdomen subcylindrical, 
 pointed behind, with three conspicuous saffron-coloured streaks 
 in the medial line of the upper side ; under part whitish. First 
 pair of legs robust, hairy, and longer than the rest ; third pair 
 shortest ; digital joints tumid and much like the falces, which 
 are reddish black. 
 
 No locality is given for this spider, which is evidently of a 
 very distinct species, and probably of the genus Hyctia, Sim. 
 
 GENUS PHILffiUS, Thor. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax in this genus is very elevated, the thoracic 
 portion dilated, and at least one half longer than the caput, the 
 upper part of which is level or slightly convex. Falces strong, 
 long, and often a littlo divergent in the males. Legs in the 
 male 1.2.4.3., in the female 4.1.3.2. ; those of first pair strongest. 
 
 The difference in form, colours, and markings between the 
 sexes in this genus is extraordinary. The greater number of the 
 species are exotic ; one only claims to be British. 
 
 The activity of the male is very great, leaping on the face of 
 rocks or among heaps of stones, &c, to an almost inconceivable 
 extent. 
 
562 
 
 PHIL^IUS CHRYSOPS. 
 
 Aranea ohrysops, Poda, Ins. Mus. Grsec, p. 123. 
 
 Aranea sangtjinolenta, Linn., Syst. Nat. Ed. 12, I. ii., p. 1032. 
 
 Saltious SANatriNOLENTUs, Walck., Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soe. xxviii. 
 
 p. 433. Hahn u. Koch, Die Arachn. > 
 
 p. 51., pi. 14, fig. 39. 
 
 Dendryphantes xanthomelas, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn., p. 85, 
 tab. 446, fig. 1148. 
 
 „ dorsatus, Id., I.e., p. 84, fig. 1147. 
 
 „ leuoomelas, Id., I.e., p. 88, fig. 1150. 
 
 „ nioriceps, Simon, Arachn. de France iii., p. 47. 
 
 Length of the male 4 lines ; female somewhat larger. 
 
 The cophalo-thorax of the male is black, clothed with long 
 black hairs, and with white hairs above the falces and behind 
 the two large central eyes; two small, short stripes of white 
 hairs running backwards from each of the two posterior eyes. 
 
 Legs clothed with long hairs, and armed with spines beneath 
 the tibise and metatarsi, and also on the upper side of the meta- 
 tarsi of the third and fourth pairs ; femora deep blackish brown ; 
 the rest of the first and second pairs reddish brown, clouded with 
 deep blackish brown. The metatarsi of the third, and the tibiae 
 and metatarsi of the fourth pair are more distinctly annulated 
 ■with reddish yellow-brown and black-brown; all the tarsi 
 end with a strong claw tuft. Palpi black, or black- brown, 
 clothed with longish white and other hairs. At the outer 
 extremity of the radial joint is a moderately-sized, tapering, 
 pointed apophysis. Digital joint long, narrow, and of -a bent 
 form. Palpal organs simple; they extend considerably back- 
 wards and outwards in a strong, obtuse-pointed, somewhat 
 bent prominence, almost in contact with the radial apophysis, 
 and are encircled on the inner side by a long, slender, 
 prominently-curved, black spine, which reaches to the extremity 
 of the digital joint. 
 
563 
 
 Abdomen black, clothed densely all over -with short squamose 
 hairs varying from bright rust-red to scarlet in some examples, 
 and leaving a central, longitudinal, somewhat lanceolate black 
 stripe on the upper side. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax of the female is black, sparingly covered 
 with long white hairs, most densely before, and behind, where 
 they form a very broad border, and also in the middle forming 
 two converging bands behind the posterior eyes. 
 
 Legs black, with white hairs ; tarsi and metatarsi of a clearer 
 colour and annulated. Abdomen black, covered with a dense 
 white, yellow, or reddish grey pubescence ; on the upper side is 
 a longitudinal, central, tapering, black band, sometimes assuming 
 an oval, sinuously-edged marking, occasionally emitting some 
 lateral ramifications. 
 
 The above description of the male is from examples found by 
 myself near Trieste, and the Lago Maggiore ; that of the 
 female being taken from M. Simon's " Arachnides de France." 
 
 Its claim to be accounted a British spider rests on the authority 
 of the late Dr. Loach (Hdinb. Enoyelop. vii., p. 458). No locality 
 is given, and it must at any rate be an exceedingly rare species 
 in Britain, although not rare in many parts of continental 
 Europe. It is rare in the North of France, but very common in 
 the South. The striking contrast of the black and white cephalo- 
 thorax, and scarlet and black abdomen of the male, render it a 
 very handsome and conspicuous spider when sunning itself on 
 old walls, rocks, and heaps of stones. 
 
 GENUS ATTUS, Walck. 
 
 ATTUS CARICIS. 
 
 Attus cabiois, Wcstr., Aran. Suec. p. 576. 
 
 Saltious oabiois, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 435. 
 
 Length of both male and female, 1 Jrd line. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax red-brown ; ocular area black ; clothed with 
 yellowish, grey, and brown hairs. Hinder slope very abrupt. 
 
564 
 
 Legs 1.4.2.3., or 4.1.2.3., reddish yellow-brown, those of the 
 fiist pair strongest, brightest, and darkest coloured. 
 
 Palpi short, strong, reddish yellow-brown ; cubital and radial 
 joints short, clothed with whitish hairs, the radial much the 
 shortest, and with a comparatively longish pointed apophysis at 
 its outer extremity ; digital joint moderate in size, clothed with 
 dark yellowish and brown hairs ; palpal organs simple in struc- 
 ture ; abdomen blackish yellow-brown, clothed with dull yellow- 
 ish and brown hairs ; on the hinder part of the upper side 
 is a series of slightly angular, or curved, pale reddish yellow- 
 brown lines ; under side dull yellow-brown. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colour and markings. 
 
 Both sexes were found on rushes in a marshy spot near Merton 
 Hall, Norfolk, and sent to me by Lord Walsingham. 
 
 This little spider appears to me to be identical with Attus 
 caricis, "Westr., but not so with Attus atellanus, Simon, which 
 species this latter author considers to be identical with the 
 Attus caricis of Westring. 
 
 ATTUS FLORICOLA. 
 
 Euophrts florioola, C. L. Koch, die Arachn. xiv., p. 39, Taf. 473. 
 fig. 1301. 
 
 Salticus floricola, C.L.Koch, Camlr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii. 
 p. 528. 
 
 Length of the male 2 lines ; female rather larger. 
 
 Nearly allied to Attus saltator (p. 410, pi. v., fig. 7), which it also 
 resembles very closely in colours and pattern. It may be, how- 
 ever, easily distinguished by its much larger size, the blacker 
 hue of the dark parts of the upper side of the abdomen, and the 
 smaller size (as well as the more curvi-linear form) of the two 
 large white spots towards its hinder part. In A ttus saltator these 
 spots are round. The cephalo-thorax also, as well as the sides 
 of the abdomen, are much less densely clothed with white hairs. 
 
 Examples of both sexes, both youngand adult, were foundamong 
 stunted herbage, and among the pebbles on the shore, even 
 
565 
 
 below high water mark, between Brighton and Shoreham, in 
 June, 1871. It is a very active and pretty spider, and would 
 hardly fail to be met with in some of the suitable localities round 
 our Southern coasts. 
 
 GENUS HASAEIUS, Simon. 
 
 HASAEIUS ARCUATUS. 
 
 Araneus arcuatus, Cllc, Sv. Spindl., p. 125, pi. 6, tab. 1. 
 Aranea grossipes, De Oeer., Mem. vii., p. 290, pi. 17, fig. 11-14. 
 Salticus grossipes, Cambr., Zoologist 1861, p. 7557, and Trans. 
 Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 434. 
 
 Length of the male about 2J lines. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax deep black-brown ; ocular area black ; clothed 
 with dull yellowish-red pubescence, and with some white hairs 
 in front and between the eyes of the first row. Hinder slope of 
 the thorax very abrupt. 
 
 Legs very strong, especially those of the first pair ; of a deep 
 black-brown, or black colour ; tarsi and metatarsi reddish 
 yellow-brown, the latter with a black annulus at its fore 
 extremity. 
 
 Palpi short, strong, black ; radial apophysis as long as the 
 joint ; strong, and somewhat obtusely pointed at its extremity. 
 Digital joint rather large, oval ; palpal organs large and 
 prominent but simple in structure. 
 
 Abdomen short, oval, black, thickly covered above and on the 
 sides with somewhat golden-coppery hairs, and rather paler ones 
 underneath. 
 
 The sexes do not appear to differ much in colours. This 
 spider may be easily distinguished from other British species, 
 not only by its colours, but by its short robust form. 
 
 Found (the male only) among rushes in a swamp on the 
 Heath, near Lyndhurst, Hants, and also subsequently near 
 Wokingham, but apparently very rare. 
 
566 
 HASARIUS ADANSONII. 
 
 Hasamus adansonti, Savigny, Sim., Arachn. de France, p. 79. 
 
 Salticus citus, Cambr., Zoologist 1869, p. 8461. Ann. and 
 Mag., N. H. 1878, ser. 5, vol. 1, p. 127. 
 
 Length of the male l-4th of an inch. 
 
 Oephalo-thorax deep reddish-brown ; ocular area black, 
 surrounded by a curved band of white hairs, on a paler red- 
 brown ground, the convexity of the curve directed backwards. 
 
 Legs rather long, 4.1.3.2. not so strong as those of Sasarius 
 arcuatus, Clk. ; of a deep reddish black-brown colour ; tarsi paler. 
 
 Palpi rather long, slender, of a dark reddish-brown hue, with 
 a strong fringe of long white hairs at the fore extremity of the 
 humeral joint, and along the front (on the inner side) of the 
 cubital and radial joints ; the radial has a very small apophysis 
 at its fore extremity. The digital joint is very small and narrow, 
 scarcely broader than the radial joint ; the palpal organs are 
 simple. 
 
 Abdomen short-oval ; black or black-brown above, with a 
 broad, central, longitudinal, reddish or brownish-red band. A 
 crescent of white hairs surrounds the fore extremity, and on the 
 hinder half is a large quadrangle formed by spots of white hairs, of 
 which the two anterior ones are the largest and widest apart. 
 Sides dark yellowish-brown, so thickly striated and spotted with 
 black, as to look almost black in some examples ; under side 
 dark yellow-brown, or blackish brown, with four paler 
 obscure longitudinal stripes converging towards the spinners, 
 which are black, tipped with yellowish-white. 
 
 The female is larger, and of a duller, browner hue than the 
 male. 
 
 Three males have been found in England. One in a Con- 
 servatory at Burnham, near Bridgwater, another in the 
 Herbarium at the British Museum, London, and the third in an 
 orchid-house in the Botanic Gardens at Kew. It is, perhaps, 
 only an accidentally imported species in this country, though 
 
567 
 
 found in France, Spain, and North Africa, and widely distributed 
 also in various exotic regions. The male is a very striking-look- 
 ing, elegant, and active spider. 
 
 HASAEIUS NOTATUS. 
 
 Saltious notatus, Blachw., I.e., p. 58. 
 
 Length of the female l-4th of an inch. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax prominent in front, projecting beyond the base 
 of the falces, and sloping abruptly in the posterior region. Colour 
 brown-black, sparingly clothed with black and whitish hairs. 
 
 Legs strong, 4.1.3.2., furnished with hairs and spines ; pale 
 yellow, with a black spot on the upper side of the coxse of the 
 posterior pair. 
 
 Palpi similar in colour to the legs. 
 
 Abdomen oviform, pointed at the hinder extremity ; brown- 
 black, thinly clothed with short whitish hairs, and with a pale, 
 yellowish-brown, central, longitudinal band, broader behind 
 than in front ; an obscure narrow band of whitish hairs 
 curving round the fore part, and prolonged on the sides nearly 
 to the spinners. 
 
 Found by the late Mr. F. Walker, among herbage in a wood 
 at Southgate, in Juno, 1850. 
 
 [I have never seen this spider, which may perhaps belong to 
 the genus Ha$ariu$.~\ 
 
 GENUS SALTIOUS. Salticus, Sim., and Lair, (in part). 
 
 The spiders belonging to this restricted genus are remarkable 
 for their elongated ant-like form ; the abdomen is elongate, and 
 joined to tho cephalo-thorax by a distinct pedicle ; the cephalo- 
 thorax is also elongate, and strongly constricted behind the caput 
 at the beginning of the thoracic part. The falces (of the 
 male) are very long, directed longitudinally forwards, and armed 
 with a fang of corresponding dimensions. 
 
 One species only has been met with in Great Britain, and that 
 one is of great rarity. 
 
568 
 
 SALTICUS FORMICARIUS. 
 
 Attus pormicarius, Walck., Blackw., I.e., p. 64, pi. iii., fig. 36. 
 Salticus formioarius, Cambr., Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii., p. 435, 
 and Ann. and Mag. N. H. 54, vol. 16, 
 p. 259. 
 
 Length of the male (to the base of the falees) rather over 2£ 
 lines ; to the extremity of the falees 3 J. Female 3 lines to the 
 base of falees. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax (of the male) yellowish red-brown; caput 
 rather elevated, flat at the top, black, thinly clothed with grey- 
 ish-yellow hairs, and strongly constricted on each side below the 
 occiput. 
 
 Legs moderately long, slender, 4.1.2.3, armed with long strong 
 spines beneath the tibife and metatarsi ; colour yellow, tinged 
 with reddish brown ; the fore half of the femora of the first pair 
 blackish, with violet metallic reflections, and the metatarsi of 
 the same pair are also blackish ; the genua of the fourth pair are 
 marked with blackish rod-brown, and the tibiae of the third pair 
 have a longitudinal, dark, black-brown, slightly oblique line on 
 the outer side. Falees as long as the cephalo-thorax, of a slightly 
 curved form, projected horizontally, flat, sharp edged, and 
 regulosely striated above in a transverse direction, of a dark 
 reddish brown colour, with metallic reflections, and armed with 
 strong teeth on their inner edge. Fang long, strong, with a 
 strong prominence on its inner side. 
 
 Palpi short, dark yellow-brown ; radial stronger than the cubital 
 joint, and a little produced at its extremity on the outer side . 
 digital joint rather large, oblong-oval, and flattened ; palpal 
 organs neither prominent nor complex. 
 
 Abdomon oblong-oval ; fore half yellow-brown, reddish at the 
 anterior extremity, and with a large oblique whitish yellow band 
 on each side near the middle ; this band is edged both before 
 and behind with a shorter and somewhat diffused blackish patch, 
 and is continued along the under side to the spinners. The hinde 
 
569 
 
 half is deep black -brown above, and dull blackish on the sides, 
 with a short curved, oblique, pale patch or bar on each side near 
 the spinners. The under side has a dull, yellow-brown, longi- 
 tudinal central band. 
 
 The female nearly resembles the male in colours and markings, 
 excepting that the tibiee of the third and fourth pairs and the 
 femora of the second pair of legs have a longitudinal blackish stripe, 
 the former on the outer side, the latter on the inner side near the 
 front. The metatarsi of the first pair are black, and the fomora 
 suffused with blackish. The palpi are red-brown and black ; the 
 radial and digital joints large, flattened and fringed with long 
 hairs. The falces project obliquely, but not longitudinally, and 
 are only of ordinary length. 
 
 Found in Scotland, on the authority of the late Dr. Leach 
 (Encyclop. Brit. Supplem. to 4th, 5th, and 6th Ed. Art. Annulosa). 
 An example (now in the British Museum) has been met with at 
 Southend by Mr. C. Watorhouse, and one was taken by the late 
 J. C Dale, Esq., of Glanvilles Wootton, at the Salterns, near 
 Lymington, Hampshire, in August, 1865. 
 
 The examples from which the above description has been 
 made were sent to mo by M. Simon from France, where it is 
 generally distributed and not rare. 
 
APPENDIX, C. 
 
 Additional Notes on some of the Dorset Spiders 
 described in the earlier part of the work, with 
 rectifications of Synonyms ; and also some further 
 observations on the senses, habits, and economy of 
 Spiders in general. 
 
 GENUS DKASSUS. 
 
 Drassus braccattts, L. Koch, Die. Arachn. Fam. der Drassiden, 
 p. 97, Taf. iv., fig. 63. 
 ,, bulbifer, Cambr. (p. 18). 
 I was not aware until very lately that the spider described by 
 myself as Drassus bulbifer had then recently been described from 
 German specimens by Dr. L. Koch, I.e. 
 
 GENUS AGEOECA (p. 34). 
 
 On a careful examination and comparison of the different 
 species of Agriieca and Liocranum (L. Koch, Oambr., p. 87). I 
 feel no doubt but that Mons. Simon is right {Arachn de. France, 
 torn, iv., p.p. 288—311) in limiting the latter genus to L. 
 domesticum, "Wid. The other species included (pp. 39-41) in that 
 genus being congeneric with Agrbeca brunnea, Bl., and A.proxima, 
 Cambr. The British representatives therefore of Agriieca at 
 present known are (in addition to the two species above men- 
 tioned) A. gracilipes, Bl. p. 39, A. celer, Cambr., (p. 40), and 
 
571 
 
 A. celans, Bl. (p. 41), all three having heen hitherto included in 
 Liocranum. 
 
 GENUS HICAEIA. 
 Mioabia scintillans, Cambr. (p. 12). 
 
 This spider has been met with in France by M. Eugene 
 Simon. It is not therefore peculiar, as I had believed, to the 
 Isle of Portland. 
 
 GENUS AMAUEOBIUS. 
 AMATmoBros similis, Bl. (p. 54). 
 
 Since the publication of Part I. I am informed by Mons. 
 Eugene Simon that this species (which I had believed to be 
 peculiar to England), is found abundantly both in France and 
 Belgium. 
 
 GENUS LETHIA. 
 Lethia albispiraculis, Cambr. (p. 53). 
 
 On the 6th of June, 1879, I met with adul + s of both sexes of 
 this little spider, under stones, in the same part of the Isle of 
 Portland as that where the females alone were found in June, 
 1875. The male resembles the female in general appearance 
 and colours, it is however rather darker, and the spiracular 
 plates (in all the examples found) were wanting in the shining 
 white appearance noted in the females found in 1875. This 
 character, though observable in most of the females met with 
 does not seem to be invariable. Zethia albispiraculis is closely allied 
 to, but distinct from L. subniger, Cambr. ; the cephalo -thorax in 
 the latter species being rather shorter and proportionately broader 
 than in the present spider. 
 
 GENUS CEYPHOEOA. 
 
 Ckypiioeca moerens, Cambr. (p. 59). 
 
 In April last (1879) I was fortunate enough to find on the iron 
 railings of the Eectory Lawn, Bloxworth, an adult female of thi 8 
 
572 
 
 rare spider, of -which the type (in a very young state) was found in 
 the same locality as long ago as May, 1862. The adult example 
 now met with conclusively proves the goodness of the species, and 
 that it is a Cryphoeca, allied to C. silvicola, Hahn., but smaller, 
 and different not only in colours and markings, but in the 
 structure of the genital aperture. The central eyes of the hinder 
 row are also rather further apart than each is from the lateral 
 eye on its side, while in C. Silbicola the intervals between the 
 eyes of the hinder row are as nearly as possible equal. The 
 length of the adult female is barely over one line, while the 
 female of C. silvicola measures 1£ to 1 J lines. 
 
 It is stated (I.e. supra) that the inferior spinners in the type 
 specimen are longer than the superior pair. This is not borne 
 out by an examination of the adult female. I conclude that the 
 extra length observed in the very young type specimen may 
 have arisen from some accidental elongation ; this occasionally 
 happens in regard to the spinners of other spiders when preserved 
 in spirit of wine. 
 
 GENUS SCYTODES, Latr (p. 74). 
 
 By an inadvertance the relative length of the legs in this 
 genus is stated to be 4.1.2.3., whereas it should be 1.4.2.3. It 
 should also be mentioned that the terminal tarsal claws spring 
 from a distinct, supernumerary claw joint. 
 
 GENUS THERIDIOSOMA. 
 
 Theeidiosoma ahoenteolum, Cambr. (p. 428). 
 
 Since the description of this spider was in print (I.e.), I have 
 met with numerous examples of both sexes in the adult state, 
 among grass, heather, and debris, in a damp spot on Bloxworth 
 Heath (May 26th, 1880). The male resembles tho female 
 (described I.e.) both in its form, and in the character of its 
 markings, but the darker portions are of a much deeper hue, 
 often black-brown to quite black, causing the silvery markings 
 to appear more conspicuously. 
 
573 
 
 The palpi are short and slender, excepting the digital joint and 
 palpal bulb, which are of inordinate size ; the palpal organs are not 
 very complex, but are enormously large, smooth, dull brownish, 
 consisting of a somewhat globular, corneous bulb, underneath 
 which, towards the extremity, is a smaller but strong dark pro- 
 cess, whose prominent point projects outwardly. The convex 
 sides of the digital joint in this (as in many others of this family) 
 are turned towards each other. The colours of some of tho more 
 recent females found are also much darker than those of the 
 type specimen described at p. 428. 
 
 This curious little spider is exceedingly closely allied to 
 Theridion gemmosum, L. Koch, but not boing yet satisfied of the 
 identity of tho two, I have thought it best at present to keep 
 them separate. The disparity in the length of tho footstalk 
 attached to tho different cocoons is noticed (p. 430). In some 
 other examplos found since, this footstalk measures as little as 2 
 linos in length. 
 
 GENUS EURYOPIS. 
 
 Euryopis coracina, C. L. Koch. 
 
 Steatoda ooeacina (p. 98). 
 
 This spider is placed inadvertcdly (I.e.) in tho genus Steatoda, 
 It should have come into the Genus Euryopis (p. 99). With 
 rogard to the generic characters of Euryopis, it may be added 
 here that tho ccphalo-thorax is not only very short but very high 
 in front, owing to the great height of the clypous. Tho ordinary 
 grooves and indentations marking the division of the caput and 
 thoracic segments are almost, and in some cases quite, obsolete. 
 The shortness of the palpi noted (p. 100) as a distinguishing 
 character of Euryopis does not (on further observations) appear 
 to hold good in all the species. Since the description at p. 98 
 was written I have met with several other examples of E. coracina 
 on Bloxworth Hoath during tho summer of 1879. 
 
574 
 
 GENUS NERIENE, Bl. 
 Neriene fusca, Blackw. 
 
 „ fusoa, Bl., I.e., p. 275, pi. xix., fig. 189, and pi. xxii., 
 fig. E. 
 
 ,, AGRestis, Cambr., aute p. 115, excluding reference to 
 
 Spid. Gt. Brit, and Irel., p. 276. 
 ,, aqrestis, Blachc, I.e., pi. xix., fig. 190, and pi. xxii. 
 fig. D. 
 The confusion hithorto existing between' this spider and the 
 true Neriene agrestis, Blackw., appears to bo now satisfactorily 
 cloarod up by the example of this latter recorded at p. 486, and 
 kindly sent to me by Mr F. M. Campboll, from Hoddesdon, 
 Hertfordshire. 
 
 Neriene innotabilis, Cambr. (p. 131). 
 
 I havo latoly (July 1, 1880), for the first time, mot with an 
 adult female of this spider. It is larger than the male, but 
 resembles that sex in colours and other general characters. The 
 abdomen is very convox above, and projects considerably over 
 the base of thocophalo-tborax ; it is of a deep shining yellowish- 
 brown colour, palest on the upper side, and with a dull whitish 
 blotch immediately abovo the spinners. Connectod with tho 
 genital aperture is an exceedingly strong vertical process, 
 •whose length is a little less than its width. The palpi are short, 
 but the digital joint is not tumid, though in some other rospeets 
 this spider is much like Neriene anomala, Cambr., which last may 
 possibly bo the female sex of Neriene subtilis, Ibid. 
 
 The example above described was found (with the malo) on 
 the trunk of a fir tree at Bloxworth. 
 
 Neriene conigera, Cambr. (p. 132). 
 
 Towards tho end of Maj% 1880, 1 found several adult oxamples 
 of both soxes of this rare spider at the roots of heather and under 
 old turves on Bloxworth Heath. 
 
 Tho gor.ital process of the female is strong and prominont. 
 
575 
 Neriene pholcommoides, Cambr. 
 Linyfhia rnoLCOMMOiDES, Cambr. (p. 212). 
 
 During the past summer (1880) I have mot with two adult 
 examples of oach sex of this spider, which I had (I.e.) described 
 as a Zinyphia. A careful examination, however, of the fresh, 
 and much better conditioned examples, leads me to romove it 
 into the genns Neriene, in spite of its logs boing armed with 
 distinct, though slendor, spines. 
 
 The examples now recorded were found on the ground undor 
 shelter of short herbage ; their modo of running is peculiar 
 (though similar to that of many others of the genus Neriene), 
 and swift ; the body is kept quite flat and close to the surface of 
 the grouud, giving tho spider a creeping appearance, quite 
 different from that of any Linyphia I have ever observed. 
 
 The female closely resembles the male in colour and general 
 characters, though the thorax, at tho top of tho posterior slope, 
 is of an even more sub-conical form than that of the male, and 
 gives the cephalo-thorax a very fair resemblance to a limpet 
 shell. The abdomen of the female is larger and projects more 
 over the base of the cephalo-thorax than that of the male. The 
 genital process is of rather large size and prominent. 
 
 From the fresh examples met with I have beon able to make 
 a more satisfactory examination of the eyes, and I now conclude 
 that the interval botweon those of the hind-central pair is more 
 nearly equal to an eye's diameter, being rather larger than I 
 had before bolieved it to be. Tho hoight of the clypeus also 
 appears to equal noarly half that of the facial space. 
 
 Neriene diltjta, Cambr. (p. 437). 
 
 ,, demissa, Cambr. (p. 438). 
 
 Eecent observations lead me to believe that the two spiders 
 above named are of the same species. The long slender process 
 connected with the genital aperture of Neriene demissa was over- 
 looked in the female of Neriene diluta owing to tho latter having 
 
576 
 
 80 very recently attained maturity, and the characteristic process 
 being, therefore, almost concealed. Several females with this 
 process very distinctly visible havo boen met with since Neriene 
 demissa was described (I.e.). 
 
 Neeiene iierbighada, Bl. (p. 113). 
 
 „ exhilaeans, Cambr., Ann. and Mag., Nat. Hist., ser. 
 5, vol. 4, p. 199, pi. xii., fig. 3. 
 
 Monsieur Simon has latoly called my attention to the probable 
 identity of the two spiders above named. In describing Neriene 
 exhilarans, I was unable to compare it with Neriene herbiqrada, 
 BL, owing to my examples of this latter spider having been 
 mislaid ; and relying upon the absence, in Mr. ElackwalPs 
 description, of any notice of some very characteristic tubercles 
 on the maxillDO of tho male, I had come to the conclusion that 
 these two spiders were distinct from each other. I havo now, 
 however, found tho types of Neriene herbigrada, and, on a careful 
 comparison, their identity with Neriene exhilarans is placod beyond 
 all doubt ; this latter name, therefore sinks into a synonym of 
 Mr. Blackwall's species. 
 
 I would add to the short description given, at p. 113, of this 
 spider, that tho occiput is slightly gibbous, and tho whole surface 
 of tho ccphalo-thorax, which is of a deep, rich, brown colour is 
 very finely and thinly punctuose ; also, on the inner side of tho 
 indentation behind each lateral pair of eyes is a distinct black 
 triangular spot. In some examples tho abdomen is of a pale 
 yellowish-brown hue. The genital aperture of the female is 
 simplo, and of a roundish-oval form ; and the radial apophysis 
 of the malo palpus is of a slightly tapering shape, curved, 
 and obtusely pointed. 
 
 I have mot with numerous oxamples of both sexes of this 
 spider among moss in tho neighbourhood of Bloxworth during 
 the spring of 1880. 
 
577 
 
 GENUS WALCKENAERA, Bl. 
 
 WALCKENAERA FLAVirES, Bl. (p. 159). 
 
 „ iiii'LANA, Cambr. (p. 162). 
 
 During tho past suramor (1879) I have mot with fresh exam- 
 ples of Walckenaera implana, Cambr., and am now satisfied that 
 it is idontical with tho spider named for me many years ago by 
 Mr. Blackwall, Walckenaera Jlavipes, Bl. 
 
 Walckenaera crassiceps, Westr., Cambr. (p. 151). 
 
 „ affinitata, Cambr. (p. 150). 
 
 I havo recently had an opportunity of comparing the types of 
 tho above two species with a fresh exarnplo of what I boliove to 
 be Walckenaera crassiceps (Westr. )rocoived from Germany, and with 
 a drawing of Erigone crassiceps, Westr., kindly made for me by 
 Dr. Thorell from Westring's type specimen, and I am compelled 
 to conclude that they are all of the same species. The specific 
 name crassiceps has priority, having boon conferred by M. 
 Westring some little time previous to the description of the 
 spider by myself as Walckenaera affinitata. The less apparent 
 gibbosity of tho occiput in the type of Walckenaera affinitata was 
 evidently occasioned by an accidental injury; in all other 
 respects the specific characteristics of tho two spiders (pp. 150, 
 151) are precisely similar. 
 
 Walckenaera hiemalis, Bl. (p. 160). 
 
 ,, similis, Cambr., Proc. Zool. Soc, 1872, p. 761, 
 
 pi. xlvi., fig. 18. 
 
 A careful comparison with each other of fresh and moro 
 perfect examples of the above two spiders proves that they are 
 undoubtedly identical species. Mr. Black wall's name has 
 priority, having been conferred many years ago. 
 
578 
 
 Walckenaeea saxicola, Cambr. (p. 145). 
 
 The typo specimens of this rare spider having boon accident- 
 ally destroyed somo years ago, I was pleased to meet with, both 
 sexes at the roots of heather on Bloxworth Hoath, on the 12th 
 of June, 1880. 
 
 GENUS LINYPHIA, Latr. 
 
 LlNYPIIIA ABNORMIS, Bfockw. (p. 207). 
 
 „ linguata, Cambr. (p. 207), exclude description in foot- 
 note to p. 208. (») 
 
 During the past and present months (September and October, 
 1879) the above spidors have occurred here under circumstances 
 which convince me, greatly to my surprise, that they con- 
 stitute the sexes of the same species. The only males of 
 Zinyphia abnormis which I had previously met with had too 
 rocently moulted for the abdominal pattern to be visible, and 
 Mr. Blackwall in his description of this spider does not mention 
 this character in either sex, nor does he clearly describe the very 
 remarkable genital process of the female. At p. 208 {supra) in 
 a footnote (*) an adult male spider received from Scotland is 
 described as (believed at the time to be) the male of Zinyphia 
 linguata ; this, however, is certainly not the caso, thd spider there 
 described being probably a recently adult example of Neriene 
 ru/a, "Westr. (p. 123). 
 
 The examples lately found of Zinyphia abnormis and Zinyphia 
 linguata prove that the abdominal pattern (described p. 207) is 
 visible, and equally well marked, in both sexes. 
 
 LmyrHiA impigra, Cambr. (p. 221). 
 
 „ cikcumcincta, Cambr. (p. 191). 
 
 On the 7th and 19th of May, 1880, I met with numerous 
 adult and immature females of Zinyphia circumcinda in the same 
 locality aB that in which the types of this species were found in 
 May, 18G0; and also, in company with them, adult and 
 
579 
 
 immature males, exactly corresponding with the females in size, 
 colours, and markings. On comparing these adult males with 
 the types of Linyphia vmpigra (of which numerous adults were 
 also lately found, on the occasions mentioned above), I find a 
 perfect identity in general form and structure, and especially in 
 the structure of the palpi and palpal organs. In spite, therefore, 
 of tho striking difference in colour and markings, I have not the 
 least doubt but that they are of tho same species (dift'oring only in 
 the length of time elapsed since thoy came to maturity), and both 
 identical with the females found now as well as in 1860. We 
 have other instances of the malo spider resembling tho female 
 when first attaining the adult state, but soon afterwards assuming 
 a deeper hue and losing all, or nearly all, the characteristic mark- 
 ings. Vide descriptions of Linyphia pusilla (p. 231), L. clathrata 
 (p. 222), andZ. hortensis (p. 230). Linyphia cireumcincta is nearly 
 allied to Linyphia pusilla, Sund., but maybe easily distinguished 
 from it (in the fernalo sex) by tho uniformly dark under side of the 
 abdomen of the latter, and the differently marked cephalo- 
 thorax, while in tho male the long curved slender spino connected 
 with the palpal organs, though much resembling that of Linyphia 
 pusilla is not nearly so long, and forms a much less prominent 
 and not so extended a circle. Its colours also aro paler, but 
 clearer and brighter than those of Linyphia pusilla. 
 
 LlNYPniA obscura, Bl. (p. 188). 
 
 On the 7th of July, 1880, I met with numerous examples 
 of both sexes of this spider on the trunks of larch 
 trees at Bloxworth. Several of those spiders (as well as some 
 others — Linyphia zebrina, Menge), but all females, had the apodous 
 larva mentioned in the Introduction (p. xxxii.), adhering to the 
 abdomen. As these larvte, from their size (some exceeding that 
 of the spider's abdomen) appeared to be nearly fully-grown, I 
 determined to try once more to rear tho perfect insect, and so 
 placed thorn in a glass cylinder, whore, after two or three days, 
 I had the satisfaction of seeing thorn loave their hold upon their 
 victim, and, enclosing themselves in a small shuttle-shaped 
 
580 
 
 silken cocoon, suspended in the spider's web, change to the pupa 
 state. From the pupro (six in number) there emergod, not 
 many days afterwards, six small hymenopterous insects. The 
 spiders shrivelled up and died immediately after thoy became 
 freed from their parasitic enemies. Many previous attempts to 
 rear the perfect insect had failed. 
 
 Dr. Capron, of Shore, near Guildford (to whom I forwarded 
 examples of tho parasite), tells me that he bolieves it to be 
 Acrodactyla Be Geerii, Haliday. 
 
 GENUS EEO, C. L. Koch. 
 
 Eeo tubekculata, De Gecr (p. 235). 
 
 By an oversight Ero atomwia, C. L. Koch, is included (I.e.) as 
 a synonym of this specios ; the synonymic reference was intended 
 to have been made to Ero tuberculata, C. L. Koch, Die Arachn, vol. 
 xii., p. 107, pi. 420, fig. 1,034. Ero atomaria, C. L. Koch, has not 
 yet been found in Great Britain. 
 
 GENUS ULOBOEUS, Walck 
 
 Ulobouus walckenaerius (p. 285), pi. vi., fig. 2. 
 
 A fine and well marked example of the adult malo of this 
 rare t spider, sent to me by the "Rev. C. W. Penny from near 
 Wokingham several years ago (but mislaid until very lately), 
 induces me to add now a short note upon it. It diffors from the 
 female in the longer and stronger legs of the first pair, which 
 have a longitudinal row of short, strong spines (articulated to 
 minute tubercular eminences) along the inner side of the tibia). 
 The abdomen is longer, narrower, and less convex above than 
 in the female. The three longitudinal dark-brown stripes aro 
 more distinctly traceable on tho upper side of the abdomen, but 
 the central stripe has its hinder part broken by two or three short 
 angular bars or chevrons, and the lateral ones are also strongly 
 dentated on the inner side of the posterior half. This gives the 
 upper side of the abdomen quite a different appearance from 
 
581 
 
 that of the fomale, in which the longitudinal stripes are very 
 slender, and not nearly so distinct. The cephalo-thorax also of 
 the male is rather broader, in proportion to its longth, than that 
 of the female. 
 
 GENUS SINGA, C. L. Koch. 
 
 SiHGA saxguinea, C. L. Koch (p. 251). 
 
 A fine example of the adult male, found on Bloxworth Heath, 
 on the 26th of May, 1880, enables me to make one or two correc- 
 tions and additions to the description given (I.e.) of the palpi and 
 legs, 
 
 The cubital joint of the palpus has two long, strong, prominent 
 spine-like bristles issuing from its upper side, not, as mentioned 
 (I.e.), one bristle from each of the radial and cubital joints. The 
 palpal organs also have in front of, and underneath the strong, 
 pointed, curved process mentioned (which is black-brown and 
 spine-like), a kind of duplex, prominent corneous process of a 
 paler colour; and behind this process there is a prominent, 
 slender, somewhat sinuous, black spine. 
 
 The tibiae and femora of the legs are armed with a few spines ; 
 those on the tibieo of the first pair (which are slightly incrassated 
 and bent inwards) being the strongest. 
 
 The whole spider is of a darker and richer colour than the 
 example received from Wokingham. 
 
SOME ADDITIONAL REMARKS on the SENSES, 
 HABITS, and ECONOMY of SPIDERS. 
 
 SENSES OF SPIDERS. 
 
 The absence in the "Introduction" of any special reference 
 to some of the " Senses of Spiders" having been noticed by a 
 friendly critic, I will not pass it over quite in silence, though 
 very little is really known in reference to this part of tho study of 
 Arachnids. 
 
 SIGHT. 
 
 Spiders undoubtedly possess the sense of sight in a very 
 strong degree ; but within what limits of distance, or with what 
 magnifying power, we have, so far as I know, very littlo proof 
 either from observation or anatomy. It is probable that many 
 spiders see best with a diminished light, and Mons. Eugene Simon 
 attributes difforent powers of vision to the different eyes. He 
 believes (as already noticed in the "Introduction") that some(those 
 of a dark colour) are endowed with power to see best in daylight, 
 while those of a white or pearly hue he considers to be intended for 
 use at night, whence he calls the former les yeux diumes, and the 
 latter les yeux nocturnes. Most spiders possess eyes of both these 
 kinds, but whether the respective powers thus attributed to them are 
 really possessed can scarcely be said to be yet proved. A subject of 
 much interest is hero open to observers out of doors, as well as to 
 skilful insect-anatomists. It would also be a point of great import- 
 ance to ascertain, by careful anatomy, the defects of structure 
 probably existing in some of the eyes of many spiders, notably 
 in thoso of the South European genus (Ecobius (Lucas) ; these 
 apparently defectivo eyes, instead of being convex and having 
 the look of perfect visual organs, have every appearance of 
 abortion or atrophy, being misshapen, flattened, and often like a 
 
583 
 
 mere pearly scale on the surface of the caput (Introduction 
 p. vii.). The immovability of the eyes of spiders is also 
 noticed at p. vii. (Introduction] ; the varied direction of their 
 visual axis being supposed to compensate for want of power to 
 turn the eyes themselves one way or another. A skilful micro- 
 scopic observer, however, of my acquaintance, in correspondence 
 several years ago, stated that he believed some spiders, at least, 
 possessed a power to direct their vision by a perceptible and 
 voluntary internal movement of the oye. A movement of this 
 kind was noticed in the eyes of a living example of Atypus piceus 
 (Sulz.). My own idea is that there is no such inward movement 
 of any portion of the eye ; the apparent movement being proba- 
 bly caused by the play of light upon some portion of its internal 
 anatomy. I have very recently observed this movement in the 
 two large anterior eyes of an example of Aelurops V-insignitus, 
 "Walek., several days after immersion in spirit of wine, showing 
 that it could not possibly be occasioned by any voluntary 
 inward movement of the eye itself. 
 
 TOUCH AND HEARING. 
 
 The sense of touch, or feeling, is no doubt much assisted by the 
 hairy armature of the logs, palpi, and other parts. It is also 
 probably through these hairs that the sense of hearing is principally 
 exercised. It is certain that spiders are very sensibly affected by 
 sound, though we may not, perhaps, be inclined to credit them 
 with the power of discriminating and enjoying musical sounds 
 which has been attributed to them (Walck., Ins. Apt. 1, p. 110). 
 An experiment like tho following, and one oasily made, strikingly 
 proves the excessive sensibility of spiders to sound. In the 
 month of September, 1879, I was standing a few feet off from a 
 female of Epeira diademata sitting in the centre of its snare, my 
 son Bertie being at a little distance. Having occasion to 
 call to him (in not a very loud voice), I observed a distinct kind 
 of start and tremulous movement in the spider. Repeating my 
 call in a louder tone, the starting and convulsive trembling of 
 the spider were repeated in a more intense degree. We then 
 
584 
 
 triod tho sarao oxporiment upon several otlior spiders of tho same 
 spocies, standing sometimes within five or six feot of the snare, 
 and sometimes at a distance of ton feet, but always with the same 
 effect. Thinking that this offect might bo perhaps due to the 
 strength of tho vibrations of air, caused by the loud tonos of our 
 voices being directed toioards the spider, I then turned round and 
 faced in an exactly opposite direction, shouting out loudly, 
 while my son watched the spider. The effect in this case was 
 almost as great as before. "We then repeated the experiment on 
 various other examples of this spider, each of us alternately 
 watching and shouting, and in overy instance the effect was 
 instantaneous and equally striking. 
 
 TASTE. 
 Spiders have most probably a strong sense of taste, and without 
 a doubt this is seated in the tongue, a membranous organ briefly 
 noticed at p. xii. ( 'Introduction] '. 
 
 DEGLUTITION. 
 
 Although the small size of the cesophagal tube in spiders 
 entirely prevents the passage of anything otherwise than in a 
 fluid state, yet they have sometimes been observed to consumo 
 more or less solid substances. This is probably effocted by the 
 emission of some solvent liquid from the mouth, by means of 
 which, combined with the action of the falces and maxillco, the 
 solids are reduced to a pulpy fluid. Most likely the solvent is 
 secreted in the bulbous-shaped termination of a tubo which 
 leads downwards from the base of the tongue. 
 
 PAIN. 
 With respect to the sense of pain, there soems no reason to 
 believe that spiders are more susceptible than any others of 
 the Articulata, in all of which any sense of *acute pain is probably 
 almost, or altogether, wanting. 
 
 ♦Of course, in discussing this question much would turn upon the 
 definition of pain. I would define pain to be unpleasant sensations, caused 
 by an impediment being offered to the exercise of a natural function. Tins 
 would, of oourse, include those sensations experienced whon the functions 
 are disturbed by disease, as well as by any external violenoe; 
 
585 
 POWER TO UTTER SOUNDS. 
 
 At p. 97, in describing the abdomen of Steatoda bipunctata, and 
 also at (p. 1 1 -2), that of Asagena pJialerata,an apparatus isinentioned 
 as enabling the spider to emit sounds by means of the friction of 
 two serrated or roughened surfaces against each other. Other 
 spiders of the samo f genus are furnished with a somewhat 
 similar apparatus ; but I am not aware that sounds have been 
 heard in any instance excepting that of A. phalerata. The 
 apparatus in these cases is either confined to the male, or 
 is imperfectly developed in the spider. A stridulating 
 apparatus has also been found in a large Indian spider of the 
 family Tlicraphosides — My gale stridulans, Wood-Mason. A loud 
 squeaking sound is emitted by this spider by means of a scraper 
 of sharp spines on the falces, acting upon a kind of comb formed 
 by elastic corneous rods, situated on the inner face of themaxillas. 
 My friend, Mr. F. M. Campbell, of Hoddesdon, has discovered a 
 roughened surface on the outer sides of the falces of some small 
 British spiders of the genus Zinypkia, formed either by trans- 
 verse grooves, or raised bands, which he believes to be intended 
 to act as a stridulating apparatus, by means of the friction of a 
 horny knob on the inner surface of the third joint of the palpus. 
 This structure is found in both sexes, but no sound has yet 
 been heard from it. I have myself observed somewhat similar 
 transverse bands on the outer side of the falces of several other 
 small spiders ; and it is quite possible that the palpi may be used 
 to rub against them either with or without a special knob or 
 series of points on some one or othor of their joints. I look 
 upon this question, however, as very far from settled, though 
 an interesting point is indicated for the observation of facts 
 connected with it. Where stridulating noises are actually 
 made by spiders, it is probably for the purpose of attracting the 
 notice of the opposite sex. Mr. Campbell has lately read a 
 paper on this subject before the Linnoan Society, but beyond 
 
 1 1 havo also lately noticed this apnaratus in Nbrient aUnpttnclata. Cambr. 
 (p. 122). 
 
586 
 
 the general facts above noted I am not yet acquainted with its 
 details. 
 
 VENOM OF SPIDERS. 
 
 At p. xxv. (Introduction) the venomous nature of British spiders* 
 is stated to be doubtful. Some experiments made by my son 
 Bertie (aged 12) during the early autumn of 1879, and 
 witnessed by myself, prove that there is a fluid of a docidedly 
 poisonous quality to human beings injected in tbe bites of some at 
 least of our spiders. Large and vigorous adult females of JEpeira 
 diademata, Clk., were allowed to bite the fingers in various places. 
 The spot bitten, and for some little space around, immediately 
 inflamed and caused considerable smarting ; in a few minutes a 
 small whitish lump arose with great itching and increased 
 smarting, aud remained for several hours ; it then gradually 
 subsided, and no more inconvenience was experienced. Similar 
 bites mado, on some other occasions, on my own fingers croated 
 no such symptoms or sensations. The effect of spiders bites 
 depends no doubt on climatic conditions, and on the state and 
 constitution of the person bitten. The sting of a nettle has, with 
 myself, the procise results detailed above as following the spider's 
 bites upon my son, only differing in this, that the nettle sting 
 leaves a painful itching for one, two, and often moro, days after- 
 wards. 
 
 SPIDEES LINES. 
 
 MODE OF FORMING THEIR SNARES. 
 
 At p. xxi., (Introduction) it is stated that, in my own belief, the 
 usual method by which tho lines are stretched across open 
 spacos is by tho spider carrying its line across, drawing it from 
 the spinners as it goes on, and fixing it to the desired spot. 
 Another modo, commonly thought to be a usual one, is that by 
 which the line is omittod from the spinners and carried by a 
 current of air until it touches some projecting point, twig, or 
 branch, to which it adheres, and so enables the spider to traverse 
 the intervening space, or to use the line thus fixed for tho 
 
587 
 
 foundation of its snare. Since the above opinion was in press, 
 I have paid much attention to this point, both in the considera- 
 tion of the observations of others, as well as in observing many 
 snares of different species of Epeirids. I have not. indeed, yet 
 been able to observe one of these spiders in the act of laying the 
 foundation line of its snare, but I now come to the conclusion that 
 in many, perhaps in the majority of instances, lines for this 
 purpose are thrown across intervening spaces by the assistance of a 
 current of air. Mr. Blackwall's experiments ( Researches in 
 Zoology, Ed. I, p. 243, and also noted in the Report of the British 
 Association for 1844) shew the possibility of this mode, by its use 
 when the spider, desiring to escape from a spot to which it was 
 confined, used it after vainly trying every other means of escape. 
 Similar, though quite independent, experiments, very lately 
 made by Major F. H. Lang (of Parkstone, Dorset), had a liko 
 result. Mons. Leon Becker (of Brussels) has also recently 
 detailod (Ann. Ent. Soc, Belg., torn, xxii., 1879) at great length, 
 and in a very interesting way, other experiments of the same 
 nature and leading to the samo conclusion. The only observer 
 who (so far as I am aware) has actually witnossed the laying of 
 the foundation line of an Epoirid snaro is Mr. A. G. Butler (of 
 the British Museum). His observations (fully supporting the 
 current-carried line theory) are detailed in Science for All, part 
 18, p. 177, 1879. 
 
 MODE OP ATTACHING THE VISCID GLOBULES. 
 
 The studding of the lines of thoir snares, by some Epeirids, 
 with viscid globules intended to ontrap their prey, is montioned 
 at p. xx. (Introduction) and also at p. 236. Major F. H. Lang, 
 whose experiments are noticed above, has described a 
 method by which he beliovos theso globules are placed on the 
 cross-lines of Epeirid snares (Science Gossip, 1875, p. 53 J. The 
 globules are commonly supposed to have been formed by separate 
 aggregations, under molecular attraction, of the material of 
 which the line itself is composed, in which case they would be 
 homogeneous with the lino itself. Major Lang's observations, 
 
588 
 
 however, shew that they are not homogeneous, but that the 
 line is inadhesive, while the globules are (and so remain) con- 
 tinually adhesive, being, in fact, like £ perforated beads threaded 
 upon a string ; and the line itsolf may be distinctly seen under 
 a highly magnifying power, running through tho globules. I 
 havo but little doubt that Major Lang's supposition of their being 
 deposited upon the cross-lines by the central pair of spinners, 
 as tho line itself is spun out from anothor spinner, or pair of 
 spinners, is correct. 
 
 Jin all probability, these bead-like globules suggested tho name of the 
 genus {Epeira). Various derivations of this word have been given by 
 Araneologists, but none has over appeared to mo at all satisfactory. In 
 the absence, therefore, of any direct evidence on the subject, I would sug- 
 gest that Epeira is derived from epi upon, and tiro " to join in rows in 
 a connected series, as to string beads or pearls." The word giro has, 
 however, another meaning of " to weave " simply, which may therefore be 
 that intended, as merely signifjing tho weaving powers of theso spiders ; in 
 this ease epi would be intensive. This latter moaning does not however seem 
 to me as appropriate as tho former, inasmuch as spiders of tho Genus Epeira 
 do not generally weave (in its proper sense) like the Drassidcs and others, 
 but simply spin lines in a geometric form. 
 
POSTSCRIPT. 
 
 Descriptions and notices of sevoral interesting spiders are here 
 subjoined. Some of them have been" very recently met with 
 either in Dorsetshire or Britain ; f our are new to science, and 
 two were accidentally omitted from Appendix B. Their sys- 
 tematic position may be seen by reference to the list of species 
 contained in the whole work. 
 
 GENUS DICTYNA, Sund. 
 DICTYNA VIBIDISSIMA. 
 
 Dictyna vieidissima, Walok. E. Simon, Arachn. de France I., p. 
 183, and Cambr., Ann. and Mag, N. H., 
 September, 1879, ser. 5, vol. iv., p. 210. 
 
 Adult male, length 2 lines. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax reddish yellow-brown with a narrow somewhat 
 irregular, yellowish marginal border, and thinly clothed with 
 coarse white hairs, for the most part arranged in longitudinal 
 lines. 
 
 Legs pale greenish yellow-brown ; 1.2.4.3; rather slender, 
 moderately long and furnished with hairs only, and (the female) 
 with calamistra on the metatarsi of the fourth pairs. The 
 maxilla), labium, and sternum (which last is clothed with coarse 
 white hairs) are rather paler than the cephalo-thorax, the falces 
 being of the same colour. 
 
 The abdomen is of a greenish hue, thinly clothed with short 
 pale hairs, and changing to a dull yellowish-white after immersion 
 in spirit of wine. In both sexes the supernumerary spinning 
 organ common to the family is present. 
 
590 
 
 The palpi are similar to the legs in colour, and the cubital 
 joint (which is of a strongish somewhat tumid form) has a 
 minute prominent point directed forwards at its fore extremity, 
 rather on the outer side, but not easily seen among the coarse 
 hairs with which tho palpus is clothed. The palpal organs are 
 surrounded in front bj' a black spine, but the slightly twisted 
 process projecting backwards at their base is (unlike the much 
 twisted corresponding one in D. arundinaceaj inconspicuous. 
 
 In its general form and appearance this spider bears close 
 resembling to Dictym arundinacea, Linn, (p 49) and other 
 British species ; the caput being elevated and particularly gibbous 
 in the occipital region, and the fakes somowhat of the same 
 long, curved, characteristic form. It may, however, be easily dis- 
 tinguished, not only by its greenish hue, but by the structure of 
 the palpi and palpal organs. 
 
 Examples of this species, found at Box Hill, Surrey, were 
 kindly sent to me in 1879 by Mr. T. Workman, of Belfast. 
 The above description was accidentally omitted in Appendix B. 
 
 GENUS EUEYOPIS, Menge. 
 
 EUHYOPIS PRONA. 
 EuRYons prona, Menge (p. 481). 
 
 On the 12th of June, 1880, I discovered an adult male and 
 female of this species at the roots of heather on Bloxworth 
 Heath. This is its first recorded occurrence in Dorsetshire. 
 
 GENUS NEEIENE, Bl. 
 
 NER1ENE CAMPBELLII, sp.n. 
 
 Adult male, length rather less than 1 line. 
 
 The cephalo-thorax, legs, and other fore parts (excepting the 
 sternum) of this spider are of a reddish yellow-brown hue, and 
 the abdomen brownish black, much mottled with yellowish, 
 which, however, is probably not very distinguishable, excepting 
 
591 
 
 through spirit of wine, and the sternum is suffused with 
 blackish. 
 
 The form of the cephalo-thorax is of the ordinary type; 
 lookod at in profile the caput and thorax are on the same level, 
 but between them is a strongish incurved dip or depression. 
 The fore part of the ocular area is vory slightly prominent, and 
 the height of the clypeus considerably exceeds half that of the 
 facial space. The eyes are moderate and nearly uniform in size, 
 seated on black spots, and pretty closely grouped together. 
 The interval between those of the hind-central pair is nearly 
 about a diameter, and is very slightly, if at all, greater than 
 that which separates each from the lateral eye of the same row 
 on its side ; those of each lateral pair are placed obliquely on a 
 strongish tubercle ; the fore-centrals are rather the smallest, 
 contiguous to each other, and no more than half a diameter's 
 distance from the fore-laterals. The length of the line formed 
 by the hind-central pair is as nearly as possible equal to that 
 formed by each of them and the fore-central eye opposite to it. 
 
 The legs are rather short, and moderately slender (4.1.2.3.); 
 those of the fourth pair being distinctly longer than those of the 
 first ; the excess being equal to the length of the tarsus of 
 the first pair. They are furnished with hairs, and a few erect 
 bristles along the upper side of the genual and meta-tarsal 
 joints. 
 
 The palpi are short, the cubital joint has two or three, not very 
 strong, tapering bristles directed forwards from near the middle 
 of its anterior side, the strongest bristle being not much, if at 
 all, longer than the joint itself ; the radial joint is rather shorter 
 and less strong than the cubital, its fore-extremity is a little pro- 
 duced, with a somewhat pointed dark reddish-brown termination 
 which is directed obliquely outwards; the digital joint is of 
 tolerable size, it is rather raised in a blunt-angular form on its 
 outer side, and its hinder extremity is produced into a sharpish 
 point which comes almost in contact with tho iunor side of the 
 radial joint. Tho palpal organs are prominent and complex • 
 
592 
 
 among other processes there is a strongish, irregular,, curved one 
 at their base on the outer side. 
 
 The falces are small, straight, and perpendicular. 
 
 The maxillas are short, strong, particularly so at the base, and 
 much inclined to the labium, which is very small but of the 
 normal form. 
 
 The abdomen is oval ; it projects but little over the base of 
 the cephalo-thorax, and its surface is thinly clothed with coarse 
 hairs. 
 
 A single example of this small and somewhat obscure, though 
 perfectly distinct, spider was kindly sent to me, among many 
 others, by Mr. F. M. Campbell, by whom it was found in 
 the summer of 1880 at Hoddosdon, Hertfordshire. It appears 
 to be allied to Neriene sylvatica, Bl. (p. 129), but may be easily 
 distinguished by the much larger size of that spider and the 
 peculiar structural details of its palpi and falces. 
 
 NERIENE RUSTICA Sp.ll. 
 
 Adult male — length rather more than 1 line ; the length of 
 the female being also a little greater than that of the male. 
 
 This spider is nearly allied to, but distinct from Neriene 
 mxutilis, Blackw. (p. 124). 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax is yellow-brown, suffused 
 with dusky blackish, and marked with blackish converging 
 latoral lines and black margin. 
 
 The legs are of a dull reddish orange-yellow, the palpi and 
 falces are more like the cephalo-thorax, the sternum strongly 
 suffused with blackish, and the abdomen black. 
 
 The form of the cephalo-thorax is of the ordinary typo, the 
 lateral marginal constrictions scarcoly perceptible ; looked at in 
 profile the caput and thorax are on the same level, with little or 
 no dip or indentation between them, and the fore part of the 
 ocular area is slightly prominent; the clypeus slopes a little 
 forwards, and its height is perhaps somewhat less than half that 
 of the facial space. 
 
593 
 
 The eyes are of tolerable size, rather closely grouped together, 
 and seated on black spots ; those of the hind-lateral and lateral 
 pairs are about equal in siz9, and of a dull, bluish, pearly hue. 
 Those of the posterior row are separated by about equal 
 intervals of slightly less than an eye's diamoter ; those of the 
 fore-central pair are minute, indistinct, and soparatod from each 
 other by a small but distinct interval. 
 
 The legs are moderate in length and strength (4.1.2.3.), 
 furnished with hairs and a few slender spines, two or three on 
 the tibiae, and one on the genual joints. The tibice of the first 
 and second pairs are of a darker hue than the rest. 
 
 The palpi are short; the cubital joint ia very short, and, 
 besides some hairs, has a single, strongish, tapering bristle of 
 about double its length, directed forwards from the extremity on 
 the upper side. 
 
 The radial joint is much stronger than the cubital, prominent 
 behind, and has its fore extremity produced into a strongish, 
 tapering, but obtusely pointed, slightly curved apophysis, whose 
 extremity is directed outwards. The digital joint is of moderate 
 size, it has a lobe on the outer side, and is somewhat sub- 
 angularly prominent on the same side near its base ; the palpal 
 organs are complex, but tolerably compact, and present no very 
 striking processes. 
 
 The falces are moderate in length and strength, directed 
 rather backwards, and slightly divergent at their extremities. 
 
 The abdomen is of a rathei 1 narrow-oval form, of a glossy 
 black hue, thinly clothed with coarsish hairs, and projects a little 
 over the ba8e of the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 The female is similar to the malo in colours and general 
 characters ; the process connected with the genital aperture is 
 broad, strong, vertically prominent and very conspicuous ; the 
 abdomen is very large and projects considerably over the base of 
 the cephalo-thorax. 
 
 From Neriene saxatilis, Bl.,this spidermaybedistinguishedby its 
 rather larger size, the deeper, richer colouring of the legs, and 
 
594 
 
 darker hue in general, as well as by slight differences in the 
 forms of the palpi and structure of the palpal organs. 
 
 Adults of both sexes were found among moss in woods at Blox- 
 worth in June, 1880. 
 
 GENUS WALCKENAERA, SI. 
 WALCKENAERA FURCILLATA. 
 
 Walckenaera furcillata, Menge (p. 510). 
 
 An adult male and two females of this most remarkable 
 species were found by myself, among heather on Bloxworth 
 Heath, on the 15th of July, 1880. This is the first record of its 
 occurrence in Dorsetshire. 
 
 WALCKENAEUA LAUDATA sp.n. 
 
 Adult male — length 1 line ; that of the female being rather 
 greater. 
 
 This little spider is of a narrow and ant-like form. 
 
 The colour of the cephalo-thorax, falces, palpi, maxillae 
 labium, and sternums, is deep blackish brown, with deeper, but 
 indistinct, lateral converging lines, the colour of the legs being 
 dusky yellowish-brown, in some examples slightly tinged with 
 red, and the abdomen dusky black. 
 
 The lateral marginal constrictions at the caput are slight, the 
 upper part of that portion is gibbous, or slightly, but distinctly 
 raised in a convex form, and from above and immediately behind 
 each lateral pair of eyes, a small but distinct indentation runs 
 backwards. 
 
 The eyes are small, bat those of the hind-central and two lateral 
 pairs do not differ greatly in size ; those of the hind-central pair are 
 rather more than an eye's diameter from oach other, being separated 
 byamuchgreaterinterval(atleastdoubleof an eye's diameter) from 
 the hind laterals ; those of each lateral pair are seated obliquely 
 
595 
 
 upon a strongish tubercle ; those of the fore-central pair are very 
 •mall and indistinct, contiguous to each other, and, looked at 
 from in front, form an exactly straight line with the fore-lateral 
 eye on each side. The length of the line formed by each fore- 
 central eye with the hind-central on the same side is very little, 
 if anything, greater than that formed by the hind-central pair 
 the height of the clypeus rather exceeds half of that of the 
 facial space. 
 
 The legs are moderate in longth and strength ; those of the 
 first and fourth pairs scarcely differ in length, those of the third 
 pair being shortest. Their armature consists of hairs, a few erect 
 ones being disposed along the upper sides of the tibiae and meta- 
 tarsi. 
 
 The falces are tolerably long and strong, very nearly perpen- 
 dicular, and divergent at their extremities. 
 
 The palpi are rather short ; the radial and cubital joints are 
 about equal in length; the former is the strongest, and is a 
 little produced at its fore extremity on the upper side, but has 
 no distinct process or apophysis ; it is furnished with hairs, of 
 which some form a rather prominent group or tuft near the 
 middle of the outer side. The digital joint is small, with a large 
 lobe on the outer side, giving it a somewhat subtriangular form. 
 The palpal organs are well developed, but not very complex ; 
 there is a large prominent lobe-like process towards the outer 
 extremity ; a long slender black spine issues from inside the pro- 
 cess, and taking a very sinuous form projects its much-bent 
 filiform extremity beyond the palpal organs in contact with, or 
 enveloped in delicate membrane. 
 
 The abdomen is of a rather narrow-oval form, glossy, of a 
 dusky black hue, and thinly clothed with hairs. 
 
 The foregoing description applies specially to the male. 
 
 The female resembles the male in colours and other general 
 characters. The upper part of the caput is less gibbous, and the 
 interval between the hind-central and hind-lateral eyes is con- 
 sequently less, as also is the height of the clypeus. 
 
596 
 
 I met with adults of both sexes of this spider at tho roots of 
 heather on sandy spots at Bloxworth Heath during the month of 
 June, 1880. It occurs in company with a little ant (Myrmica 
 fusca) which is abundant on the same spots, and to which the 
 spiders bear such an exceedingly close resemblance, both in 
 general form and colours, that it needs a practised eye to 
 distinguish them when running about together. It is closely 
 allied to, but I think quite distinct from, Walchendera licolor, 
 Blackw., of which, unfortunately, the only example I ever 
 possessed was accidentally destroyed many years ago. 
 
 WALCKENAERA MELANOCEPHALA, Sp.Tl. 
 
 Adult male, length nearly about l-10th of an inch; female 
 l-8th. 
 
 The thorax and legs are of a bright reddish-orange colour • 
 the caput and palpi, as well as the tibite of the first and second 
 pairs of legs, being black, or strongly suffused with blackish ; 
 the f alces also are the same, though less strongly suffused than 
 the rest, and the sternum slightly so. The abdomen is black 
 and glossy. 
 
 The occipitalportion of the caput is considerably elevated ; looked 
 at in profile the elevation is convexly curved in a slightly sloping 
 direction from the anterior to the posterior extremity, which is 
 rather below the level of the highest part of the thorax. The 
 elevation is marked on each side, from the ordinary level of the 
 caput by a deep, horizontal, tapering indentation, which runs 
 backwards from just above and behind the hind-lateral eye, and 
 at its fore part the elevation drops rather abruptly to the 
 ordinary level. 
 
 The eyes of the hind-central pair are placed at the fore- 
 extremity of the elevation, and are separated by a very little 
 more than a diameter's interval ; their distance from the fore- 
 central pair being nearly about equal to that which separates the 
 two lateral pairs. The transverso line of the anterior oyes of 
 
597 
 
 these two pairs runs a little further back than that of the fore- 
 central pair, which are the smallest of the eight and contiguous 
 to each other. The eyes of each lateral pair are placed slightly 
 obliquely and contiguously on a tubercle, and are apparently 
 rather larger, and of a moro pearly hue than those of the hind- 
 central pair. The height of the clypeus is less than half that 
 of the facial space ; it is prominent, particularly in the centre, 
 which projects somewhat forward in a rather blunt-conical form. 
 
 The legs are moderate in length and strength, and furnished 
 with hairs only ; their relative length being 1.4.2.3, though 
 their actual length does not differ very greatly. 
 
 The palpi are moderately long ; the cubital joint is longer 
 than the radial, and enlarges slightly to the fore-extremity. The 
 radial joint is short, but strong, obtusely prominent behind, and 
 produced into two longish, tapering apophyses at the extremity 
 in front ; one (the most prominent and strongest) at the middle, 
 the other on the inner side, less conspicuous, and closely adher- 
 ing to the digital joint, thoir length being about equal to that 
 of the joint itself. The digital joint is of tolerable size, oval 
 with a largish lobe at the base on the outer side ; the palpal 
 organs are complex, with a short, circularly-curved, sharp 
 pointed, black spine at their fore extromity on the outer side. 
 
 The falces are rather long, slender, a little prominent at their 
 base in front, and divergent at their extremities. I could not 
 discern any denticulation on the inner sides. 
 
 The abdomen is of a short-oval form, and projects but 
 slightly ovor the base of the cephalo-thorax; its surface is covered 
 thinly with short hairs. 
 
 The femalo differs only in size and in wanting the elevation 
 on the caput, which is, however, rather gibbous at the occiput, 
 and there is (in profile) a deep notch or depression between the 
 gibbosity and the beginning of the hinder slope. 
 
 Adults of both sexes of this very striking and distinct species 
 were found at the roots of grass and herbage in woods at Blox- 
 worth, on the 20th of July, 1880. It is of a very ant-like 
 appearance whtn running, and the contrast of the black caput, 
 
598 
 
 fore-tibiso, and palpi with the reddish-orange legs and tlv>r ;x is 
 very strong and characteristic. 
 
 GENUS LYCOSA. 
 
 LYCOSA AGKICOLA. 
 
 Lyoosa aoricola, Thar., Syn. Eur. Spid. p. 278, and Cambr., 
 Ann. and Mag. N. H., ser. 4., vol. 16, p. 
 255. 
 „ flttviatilis, JBL, Spid. Great Brit, and Irel., p. 31, pi. 
 ii., fig. 13. 
 
 In size, form, and general structure this spider is very closely 
 allied to Lycosa arenicola, Cambr. (p. 373), but may be dis- 
 tinguished by its, usually, more uniformly hoary -grey hue, as well 
 as by the central longitudinal pale band on the cephalo-thorax 
 being distinctly dilated behind the eyes. In females this dilation 
 appears to be constant, and, with rare exceptions, it is so also in 
 the males. In the present spider the legs are always more or less 
 distinctly annulated, especially in the females ; a character I 
 have not observed in any one of a large number of examples of 
 Lycosa arenicola. Those very tangible and distinctive characters 
 will suffice to separate the two species. There are, however, 
 differences (but not so easily observed) in the structure of the 
 palpal organs. 
 
 Lycosa ayricola occurs abundantly in North Wales, the lake 
 district of England, and also in Scotland, chiefly among stones 
 and fragments of rock on the banks of rivers and in the dried 
 up beds of streams. 
 
 The above description was accidentally omitted in Appendix B. 
 
SYNOPSIS OF THE FAMILIES OF BRITISH 
 SPIDEKS. 
 
 t TEEBITELAKLE. 
 
 Spiders forming their nests in cylindrical holes in the earth > 
 the aperture usually closed by a distinct, hinged lid. (The only 
 British species, however, are an exception ; see p. 3.) 
 
 Theraphosides. — Eyes 8. 
 
 p. 1. Falces articulated horizontally with a vertical 
 
 movement. 
 Spinners 4 or 6, those of the superior pair, 
 
 long, strong and upturned. 
 Normal spiracular openings four in number 
 
 widely separated, forming a large square 
 
 figure, and all leading to Sac-Tracheoe. 
 Legs robust ; terminal tarsal claws 3. 
 Palpi (of the female) pediform, and used in 
 
 locomotion . 
 Spiders mostly of large size, robust, hairy, and 
 
 of sombre colouring. 
 
 TUBITELAKLE. 
 
 Spiders forming nests of a tubular kind, spun in crevices, 
 under stones, in angles of buildings, and such like situations. 
 At their outer extremity these domiciles are often expanded into 
 more or less diffuse sheets of web. 
 
 t Tho seven groups, Territclar'ue, §c, into whioh the families of British 
 spiders are here divided, have some of them been noticed pp. n., xxiii. 
 Introduction. They represent tho old Latreillean families of spiders, and 
 aro based either on the different forms of web, or on the mode of pro- 
 gression. These groups are indicated here, although not of great value 
 from a scientific point of view, because they are both of interest and assist- 
 ance to the collector in determining tho primary systematic position of his 
 oaptures. Dr. Thorell indeed has raised these groups (though, it appears 
 to me, without sufficient reason) to tho rank of Suborders. (T. Thorell on 
 European spiders, p. 42). 
 
600 
 
 Dysderides. — Eyes 0. Spinners G. 
 
 p. 5. Fakes articulated, either vertically or on an 
 
 inclined plane, -with a more or less lateral 
 movement. 
 Normal spiracular openings 4, near together, 
 forming a narrow, transverse, oblong figure, 
 two on each side of the genital aperture, 
 the anterior opening on each side leading 
 to Tube-Trachece. Terminal tarsal claws 2 
 or 3. 
 Spiders mostly of moderate size and cylindri- 
 cal form; colours subdued, and markings 
 the exception. 
 Drassides. — Eyes 8, in two transverse rows. Spinners 6. 
 
 p. 1 1 . *Falces articulated vertically with lateral move- 
 
 ment. 
 *Normal spiracular openings 2 ; one on oach 
 side of the genital aperture, and leading to 
 Sac-Trachem. 
 Terminal tarsal claws 2 only. 
 Spiders mostly of moderate size, cylindrical 
 form, and very sombre colours, usually with 
 either an indistinct pattern, or none at all. 
 
 EETITELAEI^E. 
 
 Spiders spinning snares of a more or less diffuse and mazy 
 nature, consisting usually of thin sheets of web, surrounded by 
 numerous irregularly disposed, intersecting lines affixed to the 
 neighbouring objects. 
 
 Eresides. — Eyes 8. Four form a large quadrangular figure, and 
 
 p. 45. four others a small one at the middle of the 
 
 anterior side of the large one. 
 
 Legs of fourth pair with calamistra on the 
 
 meta-tarsi of females. 
 
 ♦These characters are common to all the remaining families of British 
 
601 
 
 Terminal tarsal claws 3. 
 
 Supernumerary spinning organ in both sexes, 
 immediately in front of the ordinary 6 
 spinners. 
 
 Spiders of moderate size, short robust form, 
 with a somewhat quadrate, massive cephalo- 
 thorax, and without lateral constriction at 
 the caput. The colours of the males are 
 bright and vivid. 
 Dictynides. —Eyes 8, in two transverse curved rows. 
 
 p. 48. Calamistra, supernumerary spinning organ, and 
 
 number of tarsal claws as in Eresides. 
 
 Spiders mostly of moderate size, and moder- 
 ately robust form, strongly constricted on the 
 lateral margins of the caput. Their colours 
 and markings are subdued but distinctive. 
 Agelenedes. — Eyes 8, as in Dictynides. 
 
 p. 58. Legs generally long, hairy and armed with 
 
 spines, but without calamistra. 
 
 lerminal tarsal claws 3. 
 
 Spinners 6. Those of the superior pair 
 generally much the longest and upturned. 
 No supernumerary spinning organ. 
 
 Spiders varying greatly in size, but of moder- 
 ately robust form, and strongly constricted 
 laterally at the caput. Colours and markings 
 distinct but generally of a subdued tone. 
 Scytodides. — Eyes 6, in three groups (of two each) forming a 
 p. 74. triangulai figure. Spinners 6. 
 
 Legs long, slender. 
 
 Terminal tarsal claws 3, springing from a small 
 supernumerary claw-joint. 
 
 Spiders of moderate size, and compact form, 
 with great development of the thoracic 
 region, and very slight lateral constriction 
 
602 
 
 at the caput. Colours and markings distinct 
 
 and strongly contrasted. 
 Pholcides. — Eyes 6 or 8 (8 in the only known British genus> 
 p. 76. in three groups, placod transversely, 3.2.3.). 
 
 Spinners 6. 
 Legs excessively long, slender, and weak. 
 Terminal tarsal claws 3. 
 Spiders of rather small size and dull colours, 
 
 with short, roundish cephalo-thorax, and 
 
 somewhat cylindrical abdomen ; and almost 
 
 always found in houses or ruins. 
 Theridiides. — Eyes 8 ; generally pretty closely grouped together 
 p. 79. in four pairs, or two transverse, more or 
 
 less curved rows. 
 Spinners 6. 
 Legs for the most part moderately long, rather 
 
 slender, and armed with spines in some of 
 
 its groups. 
 Lateral marginal constriction at the caput seldom 
 
 very strong. 
 Terminal tarsal claws 3. In some of the 
 
 largest groups the palpi of the females are 
 
 without the terminal claw. 
 Spiders mostly of small size, and the abdomen 
 
 — especially of females — in some groups 
 
 large, and more or less globular in form. 
 This family includes the greater number of 
 
 British spiders. 
 
 OKBITELARLE. 
 
 Spiders forming snares of a more or less perfect geometric or 
 wheel shape, consisting of numerous radii diverging from a 
 central point and crossed by other regularly disposed parallel 
 lines from the centre to the circumference. 
 
 Epeiribes. — Eyes 8 ; arranged in three generally rather widely 
 p. 297. separated groups, placed transversely, 2.4.2. 
 
603 
 
 Legs tolerably long, strong, and armed with 
 
 spines. 
 Ordinary tarsal claws 3 ; strong, and opposed 
 
 by others of a pectinated, or toothed form 
 
 near the extremities of the tarsi. 
 Palpi of the females furnished with a terminal 
 
 claw. 
 Spinners, 6, short, arranged in a compact 
 
 group. 
 Spiders exceedingly varied both in size and 
 
 general form, all (nearly) marked with 
 
 bright colours and distinctive pattern. 
 Uloboeedes. — Eyes 8 ; the laterals on each side very widely 
 p. 284. separated from each other. 
 
 Legs of the first pair usually much the longest 
 
 and strongest, especially in the male sex. 
 Calamistra, in female only, on the metatarsi of 
 
 the fourth pair. 
 Tarsal claws as in the Epeirides. 
 Supernumerary spinning organ in both sexes. 
 General form robust; cephalo -thorax short 
 
 broad, pointed in front, with little or no 
 
 lateral marginal constriction at the caput. 
 Abdomen large, often humped and greatly 
 
 projecting over the thorax; colours and 
 
 pattern sombre and subdued. 
 Spiders of moderate size. 
 
 LATEKIGEADiE. 
 
 Spiders with legs extended laterally, and moving freely back- 
 wards, as well as forwards and sideways, like a crab. 
 Thomisides. — Eyes 8 ; usually small, and forming a semi-circular 
 p. 287. figure, whose convexity is directed forwards. 
 
 Legs extended laterally, those of the first and 
 second pairs generally much the longest and 
 strongest, and spinous. 
 
604 
 
 Terminal tarsal claws two only. 
 
 Spinners 6. 
 
 "With few exceptions these spiders are of a 
 short, broad form, and the laterally extended 
 legs have a remarkably crab-like appearance, 
 moving with equal facility sideways or 
 ahead. They spin no snare. 
 
 CITIGEADJE. 
 
 Active spiders, thickly clothed with hairs, of a strong build, 
 and running swiftly in tho daytime over the surface of the 
 ground. Although a well-marked group, in point of form and 
 structure, this is the least well-characterized of tho seven groups. 
 Many of the spiders also form cylindrical holes in the earth, 
 lining them with silk, and often covering the aperture with 
 particlos of herbage drawn together ; but the most superficial 
 examination of their eyes and spiracular openings will prevent 
 their being mistaken for Territelarice. 
 
 Lyoosides. — Eyes 8 ; four large ones form a large quadrangular 
 
 p. 343. figure on the upper side of the caput, and 
 
 four small ones form a transverse line on it 8 
 
 face immediately below the quadrangle. 
 
 Legs long, strong, armed with spines. 
 
 Terminal tarsal claws three. 
 Spinners 6. 
 
 Tho cephalo-thorax is considerably convex 
 above ; of a narrow, keel-like form, with 
 the caput rather drawn out, and its latoral 
 marginal constriction moderate and gradual. 
 The Lycosides form a large group of spiders, 
 mostly of moderate, but sometimes large 
 size, elongate form, and thickly clothed 
 with hairs and pubescence ; they spin no 
 snare, and are evidently formed for sustained 
 activity. The females carry their egg 
 cocoon attached to the spinnors, and bear 
 
605 
 
 about their young on their backs for a short 
 time after they are hatched. 
 
 The genus Ocyale (p. 345), with which this 
 family begins, appears more properly to 
 belong to the family Podophthalmides, 
 Cambr. It is, however, an extreme repre- 
 sentative of that family, with close affinities 
 to the Lycosides proper, and has hitherto 
 always been included with the latter. I 
 have not, therefore, here removed it from 
 them. 
 Oxyopides.— Eyes 8 ; in four transverse unequal rows of two 
 eyes each, forming a somewhat triangular 
 figure, the apex of which is in front, and 
 truncated, the base being convexly curvod. 
 
 Spinners 6. 
 
 Legs moderately long and strong, armed with 
 numerous and very long spines. Terminal 
 tarsal claws three. 
 
 Cephalo-thorax remarkable for the massive 
 oaput, which has no marginal lateral con- 
 strictions, but runs evenly all round into the 
 thorax. Its fades viewed from in front is 
 large and of a subtriangular form. 
 
 Aldomen large in front, going off gradually to 
 a point at the spinners. 
 
 Spiders of a rather robust form, of modorate 
 size (in its only British representative), active 
 in their habits, both in running among coarse 
 herbage, and in leaping. They spin no snare. 
 
 SALTIGKADiE. 
 
 Spiders whoso usual progress is by a succession of leaps. 
 Although some spiders of the group Tubitelaricc and Citiqradce 
 leap freely, yet the present is a group well marked by its mode 
 of progression. 
 
606 
 
 Salticides. — Eyes 8, exceedingly unequal in size, in 3 transverse 
 rows, 4.2.2., or forming a large quadrangular 
 figure, and occupying the greater part of the 
 top of the caput. The central pair of the 
 anterior row are always largest, and those 
 of the middle row the smallest. 
 
 Spinners 6. 
 
 Legs moderately long, often greatly differing 
 in strength ; terminal tarsal claws 2. 
 
 Caput almost always as broad as the thorax, 
 and without any lateral marginal constric- 
 tion. 
 
 These are spiders which, with a few exceptions, 
 are noted for their leaping habits. The 
 large quadrate cophalo-thorax gives a 
 general form not easily mistaken, although 
 in respect to robustness there is immense 
 variation in the different groups. They 
 spin no snare, though they frequently form 
 silken nests of a tubular and other kinds. 
 
607 
 
 * Table showing the different 
 of Spiders found in Great Britain 
 
 Families, Genera, and number 
 and Dorsetshire respectively : — 
 
 
 
 luinsiyisiiiiiii. 
 
 OH'T BRITAIN | 
 
 A». of 
 
 Species in 
 
 each 
 
 Cum:. 
 
 Total in 
 each 
 
 Family. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Species in 
 
 each 
 
 Oenus. 
 
 Total in\ 
 
 each 
 Family. 
 
 TnERAPHOSIDES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Atypus 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 3 
 
 Dysderides. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dyedera 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Harpactes 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Segestria 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Oonops 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Schoenobates . . 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 Drasseoes. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Micaria 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Gnaphosa 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Prosthesima . . 
 
 6 
 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 Drassus 
 
 9 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 Clubiona 
 
 14 
 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 Chiracanthium 
 
 3 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Anyphasna . . 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Agroeca 
 
 5 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Liocranum 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Heciierge 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Phrurolithus . . 
 
 1 
 
 47 
 
 1 
 
 56 
 
 Eresides. 
 
 Eresus 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 DlOTYNLDES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dictyna 
 
 4 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 Lethia 
 
 4 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 Amaurobius . . 
 
 3 
 
 11 
 
 3 
 
 17 
 
 Aqelenides. 
 
 Argyroneta . . 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Coelotes 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Agelona 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Tegenaria 
 
 4 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Textrix 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Cryphoeca 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Hahnia . . | 
 
 5 
 
 14 
 
 5 
 
 20 
 
 At the time of the publication of the Preface (pp. i-iii) j„ J une ]879 
 the number of British Spiders then known amounted to 510 species of 
 S 't° 8 had been found in Dorsetshire. At the present time (July' 31, 
 1880) the total number of British Spiders known is 518, of which the 
 Dorsetshire list comprises 373. The British Genera are 85 in number (oom- 
 pnsedm 16 families), those represented in Dorsetshire being 77, in Homilies 
 
, 
 
 DORSETSHIRE.] OR' T BRITAIN. 
 
 
 H°-. of . Tntal in\ „ 
 
 No : °f. Total in 
 
 
 Svencsin ' 
 
 , species in 
 
 each 
 
 
 
 each 
 Cfenut. 
 
 Family. 
 
 „ eac '.'j Family. 
 Family. 
 
 _ SCYT0MDK8. 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 Scytodes 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Phomides. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Pholcus 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 TlIBBIl>in)EB. 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Episimis 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Pholcomma . . 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Tlieridion 
 
 13 
 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 Thoridiosoma 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Dipoena 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Nesticus 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Phyllonethis . . 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Steatoda 
 
 3 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 Euryopis ' . . 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 Asagona 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Eobertus 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Ndriene 
 
 58 
 
 
 89 
 
 
 
 Walckeniiera 
 
 46 
 
 
 61 
 
 
 
 Pach}'gnatha. . 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Tapinopa 
 
 1 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Linyphia 
 
 47 
 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 Ero . . 
 
 2 
 
 186 
 
 2 
 
 267 
 
 Epeirideb. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Meta 
 
 2 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Tetragnatha . . 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Cyclosa 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Singa 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Cercidia 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ZiUa 
 
 2 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Epeira 
 
 16 
 
 27 
 
 20_ 
 
 32 
 
 Uloborides. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 TJloborua 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Hyptiotes 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 Thomisideb. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Thomisus 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Misumena 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Disea 
 
 1 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Xysticus 
 
 . 12 
 
 
 16 
 
 
 
 Oxyptila 
 
 6 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 Philodronms . 
 
 9 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 Thanatus 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Tibellus 
 
 • 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Mici'ommata . 
 
 .1 1 
 
 33 
 
 1 
 
 43 
 
609 
 
 
 
 DORSETSHIRE. 
 
 OR'T BRITAIN 
 
 No. of 
 
 Species in 
 
 each 
 
 Qenus. 
 
 Total in 
 
 each 
 Family. 
 
 No. of 
 
 Species in 
 
 each 
 
 Oenut. 
 
 Total in 
 
 each 
 Family, 
 
 Lyoosides. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ocyale 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Dolomedes . . 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Pirata 
 
 4 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Trocliosa 
 
 4 
 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 Tarentula 
 
 4 
 
 
 7 
 
 
 
 Lycosa 
 
 12 
 
 26 
 
 15 
 
 35 
 
 OXYOPIDES. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oxyopes 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Saltioides. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Epiblemum . . 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Heliophauus . . 
 
 3 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 Marpessa 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Ballua 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Neon 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Euophrys 
 
 3 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Attus 
 
 2 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Hyctia 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Hasarius 
 
 1 
 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 Phlegra 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ./Elurops 
 
 1 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Pkilseus 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Salticus 
 
 Total . . 
 
 
 
 16 
 
 1 
 
 31 
 
 
 373 
 
 
 518 
 
•SYSTEMATIC LIST OF BRITISH SPIDERS. 
 
 The names of those not yet found in Dorsetshire are printed 
 in Italics. 
 
 THERAPHOSIDES. 
 
 Atypus piceus, Sulz., p. 2, pi. n., fig- 2. 
 „ Blackwallii, Sim., p. 4. 
 „ Beckii, Cambr., p. 4. 
 
 DYSDEEIDES. 
 
 Dysdera Cambridgii, Thor., p. 6, pi. n., fig. 3, 4. 
 
 ., crocota, C. L. Koch, p. 6, pi. n., fig. 6. 
 Harpactes Hombergii, Scop., p. 7. 
 Segestria senoculara, Linn., p. 7. 
 
 Bavavioa, C. L. Koch, p. 8, pi. n., fig. 1. 
 
 Florentina, Eossi, p. 459. 
 Oonops pulcher, Templeton, p. 9, pi. n., fig- 5. 
 Schamobates Walked, Bl., p. 458. 
 
 DRASSIDES. 
 
 Micaria pulicaria, Sund., p. 12. 
 
 scintillans, Cambr., pp. 12 and 571. 
 Gnaphosa Anglica, Cambr., p. 14. 
 
 ,, lugubris, C. L. Koch., p. 418. 
 
 „ lacifuga, Bl., Leach, p. 462. 
 
 „ suspecta, Cambr., p. 419. 
 
 *The order in which the genera and species are arranged in this list is not 
 auite the same as that in which thoy stand in the body of the work. The 
 present arrangement is that which, on a further study of the different 
 groups, appears to me the more natural one. 
 
611 
 
 Prosthesima electa, C. L. Koch, p. 462. 
 Petiverii, Scop., p. 15. 
 pedestris, C. L. Koch, p. 15. 
 nigrita, Fabr., p. 16. 
 lutetiana, L. Koch, p. 463. 
 latitaiis, L. Koch, p. 420. 
 Latreillii, C. L. Koch, p. 421. 
 longipes, L. Koch, p. 422. 
 Drassus Black wallii, Thor., p. 17. 
 ,, infuscatus, Westr., p. 423. 
 ,, eriminalis, Cambr, p. 20. 
 ,, ferrugineus, Bl., p. 460. 
 ,, troglodytes, C. L. Koch, p. 17. 
 ,, braccatus, L. Koch (sub. Drassus bulbifer, Cambr.), p. 
 
 18, pi. in., fig. 1. and p. 570. 
 „ lapidicolens, Walck., p. 19, pi. i., fig. 12. 12a., and pi. 
 
 in., fig. 2. 
 ,, reticulata, Bl., p. 460. 
 ,, cupreics, Bl., p. 461. 
 „ sylvestris, BL, p. 460. 
 ,, puboscens, Thor., p. 20. 
 ,, minor, Cambr., p. 424. 
 ,, delinquens, Carnbr., p. 21. 
 Clubiona grisea, L. Koch, p. 22. 
 formosa, Bl., p. 464. 
 terrestris, Westr., p. 23. 
 reclusa, Cambr., p. 24. 
 lutescens, Westr., p. 24. 
 noglecta, Cambr., p. 25, pL in., *iig. 3. 
 pallidula, Clerck, p. 26. 
 corticalis, Walck., p. 26. 
 holosericea, De Geer,. p. 27. 
 brevipes, BL, p. 28. 
 cserulescens, L. Koch, p. 39. 
 
 •Named erroneously in " Description of Plate m. ' Clubiona rcchtsa, 
 Cambr. 
 
612 
 
 Clubiona coinpta, C. L. Koch, p. 29. 
 ,, trivialis, L. Koch, p. 30. 
 „ pallens, L. Koch, p. 31. 
 „ subtilis, L. Koch, p. 31. 
 Cliiracaiithium carnifox, Fabr., p. 32. 
 ,, erraticum, Bl., p. 464. 
 
 ,, Pennyi, Camhr., p. 464. 
 
 „ nutrix, Westr., p. 33. 
 
 Anyphsena accentuata, Walck., p. 34, pi. i., fig. 11. 
 Agroeca brunnoa, Bl., p. 35, pi. n., fig. 7a. 
 ,, proxima, Cambr., p. 36. 
 
 „ gracilipes, Bl. (sub. Liocranum), pp. 39 and 570. 
 ,, celer, Cambr. (sub. Liocranum), pp. 40 and 570. 
 ,, celans, Bl. (sub. Liocranum), pp. 41 and 571. 
 Liocranum domesticum, Wid., p. 38. 
 Heciierge Maculata, Bl., p. 42. 
 ,, nemoralis, BL, p. 43. 
 Phrurolithus festivus, C. L. Koch, p. 44, pi. i., fig. 15^ 
 
 ERESIDES. 
 
 Eresus cinnaberinus, Oliv:, p. 45, pi. vi., fig. 4. 
 
 DICTYNIDES. 
 
 Dictyna arundinacea, Linn., p. 49, pi. vi., fig. 5. 
 
 ,, pusilla, Westr., p. 426. 
 
 ,, uncinata, Westr., p. 50. 
 
 ,, latens, Fabr., p. 50. 
 
 ,, lugubris, Cambr., p. 466. 
 
 ,, viridissima, Walck., p. 589. 
 
 „ variabilis, C. L. Koch, p. 466. 
 
 Lethia humilis, Bl., p. 51. 
 
 ,, Mengii, Cambr., p. 52. 
 
 ,, puta, Cambr., p. 53. 
 
 ,, albispiraculis, Cambr., pp. 53 and 571. 
 
 ,, mbniger, Cambr., p. 467. 
 
 ,, patula, Sim., p. 470. 
 
613 
 
 Lethia epinigera, Cambr., p. 468. 
 Amaurobius fenestralis, Stroem, p. 56. 
 
 „ similis, Bl., pp. 54 and 571, pi. I., fig. 9, 10. 
 
 „ ferox, Walck., p. 56. 
 
 AGELENIDES. 
 
 Argyroneta aquatiea, Clerck, p. 471. 
 Cryphoeca moerens, Cambr., pp. 59 and 571. 
 
 ,, eilvicola, C. L. Koch, p. 474. 
 Coelotes atropos, Walck., p. 60. 
 
 ,, ? immaculatus, p. 472. 
 Tegenaria atrica, C. L. Koch, p. 62. 
 ,, Guyonii, Guei-in, p. 473. 
 
 „ Derhamii, Scop., p. 63. 
 „ campestris, C. L. Koch, p. 64. 
 ,, Cinerea, Panz., p. 65. 
 Textrix denticulata, Oliv., p. 66. 
 
 „ boopis, Cambr., p. 66. 
 Agelena labyrinthica, p. 67, pi. i, fig. 1, 8. 
 „ Uyndmannii, BL, p. 472. 
 ,, prompta, Bl., p. 473. 
 Hahnia elegans, Bl., p. 69. 
 „ nava, BL, p. 69. 
 ,, montana, BL, p. 70. 
 ,, Candida, Sim., p. 71. 
 ,, helveola, Sim., p. 72. 
 
 SCYTODIDES. 
 
 Scytodes thoracica, Latr., p. 75, pi. vi., fig. 6. 
 
 PHOLCIDES. 
 
 Pholcus phalangioides, FuessL, p. 77, pi. i„ fig. 14, and pi. vi., 
 fig. 3. 
 
 THEKIDIIDES. 
 
 Episinus truncatus, "Walck., p. 80. 
 Pholcomma gibbum, p. 82, pi. in., fig. 5. 
 
614 
 
 Theridion formosum, Clk., p. 83, pi. iv., fig. 1 . 
 
 „ tepidariorum, C. L. Koch., p. 83. 
 
 „ riparium, Bl„ p. 84. 
 
 „ pittum, Hahn., p. 476. 
 
 ,, sisyphium, Clk., p. 85. 
 
 „ venmtum, Walck., p. 476. 
 
 ,, familiare, Cambr., p. 86. 
 
 „ denticulatum, Walck., p. 86. 
 
 ,, varians, Hahn., p. 87. 
 
 „ tinctum, Walck., p. 88. 
 
 „ eimile, C. L. Koch, p. 88. 
 
 „ rufolineatum, Luc, p. 89. 
 
 ,, pulchollum, Walck., p. 90. 
 
 ,, bimaculatum, Linn., p. 91. 
 triste, C. L. Koch., p. 477. 
 
 ,, ? auratum. Bl., p. 477. 
 
 pallens, BL, p. 92, pi. n., fig. 8. 
 
 „ aliens, BL, p. 477. 
 Theridiosoma argenteoluni, Camhr., pp. 428 and 572. 
 Dipoean melanogaster, p. 478. 
 Nesticus cellulanus, Clk., p. 93. 
 Phyllonethis lineata, Clk., p. 94. 
 
 „ instabilis, Cambr., p. 95. 
 
 Steatoda bipunctata, Linn., p. 96. 
 
 „ sticta, Cambr., p. 96, pi. in., fig. 4. 
 
 ,, versuta, BL, p. 479. 
 
 „ Clarkii, Cambr., p. 480. 
 
 „ guttata, Wid., p. 99. 
 
 „ ? ncumtodiqma, BL, p. 479. 
 Euryopis flavomaculata, C. L. Koch, p. 100. 
 
 „ ?fmca, BL, p. 480. 
 
 „ inornata, Cambr., p. 100. 
 
 ,, Blachwallii, Cambr., p. 481. 
 
 ,, prona, Monge, pp. 481 and 590. 
 
 ,, coracina, C. L. Koch (sub. Steatoda), pp. 98 and 573. 
 
615 
 
 Asagena phalerata, Panz., p. 102. 
 
 Robertus astutus, Cambr., p. 103, pi. vr., lig. 7. 
 
 Neriene atra, Bl., p. 106. 
 
 „ longipalpis, Sund., p. 107. 
 
 „ promiscua, Cambr., p. 482. 
 
 ,, dentipalpis, Wid., p. 108. 
 
 ,, pascalis, Cambr., p. 483. 
 
 ,, graminicola, Bl., p. 108. 
 
 ,, curtipes, Cambr., p. 484. 
 
 „ nigra, Bl., p. 109. 
 
 „ tibialis, BL, p. 483. 
 
 ,, rufipes, Sund., p. 110. 
 
 ,, rubens, BL, p. 111. 
 
 „ bifida, Cambr., p. 112. 
 
 ,, isabellina, C. L. Koch, p. 112. 
 
 ,, herbigrada, BL, pp. 113 and 576. 
 
 ,, pygmsea, BL, p. 
 
 „ affinis, BL, p. 114. 
 
 Euthwaitii, Cambr., p. 486. 
 formidabilis, Cambr., p. 135. 
 ,, dentata, Wid., p. 115. 
 
 fusca, Bl. (sub. N. agrestis), p. 1 15, and seopp. 486 and 574. 
 ,, agre&tis, BL, p. 486. 
 ,, retusa, Westr., p. 116. 
 „ apicata, BL, p. 116. 
 „ gibbosa, BL, p. 117. 
 ,, tuberosa, BL, p. 117. 
 M cornuta, BL,p. 118. 
 
 bituberculata, BL, p. 119. 
 rudis, Cambr., p. 484. 
 „ Clarkii, Cambr., p. 119. 
 „ exoisa, Cambr., p. 487. 
 ,, latebricola, Cambr., p. 120. 
 „ viva, Cambr., p. 435. 
 „ dolosa, Cambr., p. 126. 
 
616 
 
 Neriene* ( diluta, Cambr., pp. 437 and 575. 
 I demissa, Cambr., pp. 438 and 575. 
 lucida, Cambr., p. 127. 
 vigilax, Bl., p. 113. 
 viaria, BL, p. 127. 
 nigriceps, Cambr., p. 128. 
 fugax, Cambr., p. 121, pi. rv., fig. 2. 
 neglecta, Cambr., p. 121. 
 livida, Bl., p. 121. 
 albipunctata, Cambr., p. 122. 
 arundineti, Cambr., p. 135. 
 uncata, Cambr., p. 433. 
 reproba, Cambr., p. 431. 
 rufa, Wid., p. 123. 
 sylvatica, Bl., p. 129. 
 pallipes, Cambr., p. 133. 
 saxatilis, Bl., p. 124. 
 rustica, Cambr., p. 592. 
 decora, Cambr., p. 492. 
 
 pbolcommoides, Cambr., p. 212 (sub Linyphia)and p. 575 
 Sundevallii, Westr., p. 125. 
 Campbellii, Cambr., p. 590. 
 innotabilis, Cambr., pp. 131 and 574. 
 subtilis, Cambr., p. 131. 
 anomala, Cambr., p. 133. 
 conigera, Cambr., pp. 132 and 574. 
 cornigera, Bl., p. 430. 
 mollis, Cambr., p. 134. 
 Douglatii, Cambr., p. 488. 
 lapidicola, Tbor., p. 489. 
 sublimit, Cambr., p. 491. 
 incisa, Cambr., p. 489. 
 mystica, Cambr., p. 490. 
 penicillata, Westr., p. 130. 
 
 * Two names braoketed iadioate that the spiders are now ascertained to 
 he identical in species, 
 
6l7 
 
 Neriene nofaria, Cambr., p. 439. 
 „ pavitans, Cambr., p. 493. 
 ,, clara, Cambr., p. 492. 
 ,, pudens, Cambr., p. 493. 
 „ morula, Cambr., p. 494. 
 ,, aspera, Cambr., p. 136. 
 „ aperta, Cambr., p. 137. 
 „ bispida, Cambr., p. 137. 
 ,, jugulans, Cambr., p. 138. 
 „ bicuspis, Cambr., p. 136. 
 „ improba, Cambr., p. 442. 
 „ farm, BL, p. 494. 
 „ pulla, Bl., p. 495. 
 ,, hgubris, Bl., p. 495. 
 „ avida, Bl., p. 496. 
 „ timida, Bl., p. 496. 
 „ minima, Walck., p. 497. 
 „ sulcata, Bl., p. 497. 
 „ dulia, Bl., p. 498. 
 ,, montana, Bl., p. 498. 
 „ pilosa, BL, p. 498. 
 
 pallidula, Bl., p. 499. 
 „ carinata, Bl., p. 499. 
 Walckenaera brevis, Wid., p. 142. 
 
 ,, brevipes, Wid., p. 142. 
 
 ,, minutissima, Cambr., p. 500. 
 
 ,, scabrosa, Cambr., p. 143. 
 
 , pratensis, Bl., p. 502. 
 
 „ Meadii, Cambr., p. 502. 
 
 ,, preeeox, Cambr., p. 143. 
 
 ,, ingrata, Cambr., p. 443. 
 
 „- subitanea, Cambr., p. 144. 
 
 „ tulcequalis, Westr., p. 501. 
 
 „ saxicola. Cambr., pp. 145 and 578. 
 
 „ laudata, Cambr., p. 594. 
 
 „ diceros, Cambr., p. 145, pi. iii., fig. 6. 
 
618 
 
 Walckenaera incurvata, Cambr., p. 503. 
 
 nudipalpis, Westr., p. 445. 
 
 obtusa, Bl., p. 447. 
 
 Eardii, BL, p. 504. 
 
 punctata, Bl., p. 148. 
 
 atro-tibialis, Cambr., p. 146. 
 
 cuspidata, BL, p. 146. 
 
 unicornis, Cambr., p. 147. 
 
 monoceros, Wid., p. 148. 
 
 prominula, Cambr., p. 448. 
 
 bifrons, BL, p. 149. 
 
 humilis, BL, p. 150. 
 ( affinitata, Cambr., pp. 150 and 577. 
 I crassiceps, Westr., pp. 151 and 577. 
 
 cristata, BL, p. 152. 
 
 permixta, Cambr., p. 153. 
 
 Thorellii, Westr., p. 508. 
 fuscipes, BL, p. 154. 
 ignobilis, Cambr., p. 155. 
 scabricula, Westr., p. 156. 
 cirrifrons, Cambr., p. 508. 
 parallela, BL, p. 156. 
 nodosa, Cambr., p. 509, pi. vi. fig. 8 f. 
 jucundissima, Cambr., p. 449, pi. vi., fig. 
 cucullata, C. L. Koch, p. 451. 
 antica, Wid., p. 153. 
 furcillata, Menge, pp. 510 and 594. 
 pumila, BL, p. 157. 
 obscura, BL, p. 158. 
 biemalis, BL, pp. 160 and 577. 
 ( flavipes, BL, pp. 159 and 577. 
 ( implana, Cambr., pp. 162 and 577. 
 trifrons, Cambr., p. 166, pi. rv., fig. 3. 
 Beckii, Cambr., p. 162. 
 latifrons, Cambr., p. 161. 
 pusilla, Wid., p. 164. 
 
619 
 
 „ picina, Bl., p. 163. 
 
 „ evytliropus, Westr., p. 165. 
 
 ,, nemoralis, Bl., p. 167. 
 
 „ ludicra, Cambr., p. 168. 
 
 ,, melanocophala, Cainbr., p. 596. 
 
 ,, altifrons, Cambr., p. 169. 
 
 „ frontata, Bl., p. 170. 
 
 „ acuminata, Bl., p. 171, pi. iv., fig. 4. 
 
 ,, sordidata, Thor., p. 505. 
 
 „ pcvrva, Bl., p. 505. 
 
 „ twgida, BL, p. 505. 
 
 „ bicolor, Bl., p. 506. 
 
 ,, exilis, BL, p. 506. 
 
 „ vafra, BL, p. 507. 
 
 Pachygnatba Clerckii, Sund., p. 173. 
 
 „ Listeri, Sund., p. 174. 
 
 „ Degeerii, Sund., p. 174, p. rv., fig. 5. 
 
 Tapinopa longidens, BL, p. 176. 
 
 ,, unicolor, Cambr., p. 511. 
 
 ,, finitima, Cambr., p. 511. 
 
 Linyphia frenata, Wid., p. 179. 
 
 ,, thoracica, Wid., p. 180. 
 
 ,, nebulosa, Sund., p. 512. 
 
 „ zebrina, Menge, p. 182. 
 
 „ leprosa, OhL, p. 181. 
 
 ,, minuta, BL, p. 184. 
 
 „ expuncta, Cambr., p. 512. 
 
 ,, tenebricola, Wid., 185. 
 
 ,, Prederici, Cambr., p. 186. 
 
 „ obscura, BL, pp. 188 and 579. 
 
 ,, variegata, BL, p. 189. 
 
 ,, alacris, BL, p. 190. 
 
 „ setosa, Cambr., p. 191, pi. in., fig. 7. 
 
 ,, subnigripes, Cambr., p. 514. 
 
 „ socialis, Sund., p. 193. 
 
 „ cristata, Menge, p. 195. 
 
620 
 
 Linypbia luteola, Bl., p. 194. 
 
 alticeps, Sund., p. 515. 
 
 crucigera, Bl., p. 516. 
 
 eingulipes, Cambr., p. 516. 
 
 dorsalis, Wid, p. 200. 
 
 flavipes, BL, p. 517. 
 
 pullata, Cambr., p. 197. 
 
 nigrina, Westr., p. 198. 
 
 approximata, Cambr., p. 199. 
 
 meadii, Bl., p. 518. 
 
 angulata, Cambr., p. 519. 
 
 circumspecta, Bl., p. 202. 
 
 gracilis, Bl., p. 518. 
 errans, Bl., p. 204. 
 
 experta, Cambr., p. 203. 
 oblonga, Cambr., p. 204. 
 ? incerta, Cambr., p. 205. 
 
 bicolor, BL, p. 206. 
 ( abnormis, BL, pp. 207 and 578. 
 I linguata, Cambr., pp. 207 and 578. 
 
 decipiens, Cambr., p. 208 
 rufa, Westr., p. 520. 
 reticulata, Cambr., p. 521. 
 prudens, Cambr., p. 456. 
 parvula, Westr., p. 210. 
 aeria, Cambr., p. 211. 
 ericrea, BL, p. 201. 
 arcana, Cambr., p. 522. 
 oblivia, Cambr., p. 214. 
 oblita, Cambr., p. 215. 
 relativa, Cambr., p 452. 
 pallida, Cambr., 216. 
 turbatrix, Cambr., p. 454. 
 decens, Cambr., p. 217. 
 concolor, Wid., p. 218. 
 insignia, BL, p. 219. 
 
621 
 
 bucoulenta, Clk., p. 224. 
 
 contrita, Cambr., p. 522. 
 
 microphlhalma, Cainbr., p. 523. 
 
 clatbrata, Sund., p. 222. 
 
 furtiva, Cambr., p. 223. 
 
 marginata, 0. L. Koch, p. 523. 
 
 montana, Clk., p. 225. 
 
 triangularis, Clk., p. 227. 
 
 albula, Cambr., p. 514. 
 
 peltata, Wid., p. 229. 
 
 pusilla, Sund., p. 231. 
 i iinpigra, Cambr., pp. 221 and 578. 
 ( circumcincta, Cambr., pp. 191 and 578. 
 
 bortonsis, Sund., p. 230. 
 
 pemix, BL, p. 521. 
 
 nigella, Bl., p. 525. 
 
 pulchella, Bl., p. 525. 
 
 /una, Bl., p. 526. 
 
 tetiella, BL, p. 526. 
 
 nasata, BL, p. 526. 
 Ero thoracica, Wid., p. 233. 
 ,, tuberculata, C. L. Koch, pp. 235 and 580. 
 
 EPE1RIDES. 
 
 Meta mcnardi, Latr., p. 528. 
 
 ,, segmentata, Clk., p. 239. 
 
 ,, Merianee, Scop. p. 241. 
 Tetragnatba extensa, Linn., p 244. 
 Cyclosa conica, Pall., p. 246, pi. iv., fiv. 6. 
 Singa bamata, Clk., p. 248. 
 
 ,, pyguiooa, Sund., 249 
 
 „ sanguinea, C. L. Koch, pp. 251 and 581. 
 
 ,, albovittata, Westr., p. 252. 
 Cercidia pronimens, Weatr., p. 253. 
 Zilla x-notata, Clk., p. 255. 
 
 ,, atrica, C. L. Koch, p. 257. 
 
622 
 
 Epeira cucurbitina, Clk., p. 259. 
 Westringii, Tlior., p. 260. 
 adianta, Walck., p. 261. 
 ceropegia, Walck., p. 529. 
 die-idea, Walck., p. 263. 
 alsine, Walck., p. 530. 
 signata, Bl., p. 530. 
 ornata, Bl., p. 531. 
 diademata, BL, p. 266. 
 scalaris, Walck., p. 268. 
 angulata, Clk., p. 270. 
 arbustoruin, C. L. Koch, p. 272. 
 agalena, Walck., p. 273. 
 comuta, Oik., p. 275. 
 patagiata, Clk.. p. 277. 
 sclopetaria, Clk., p. 277. 
 quadrata, Clk., p, 278, pi. iv., fig. 7. 
 umbratiea, Clk., p. 280. 
 acalypha, Walck., p. 264. 
 sollors, Walck, p. 382. 
 
 ULOBORIDES. 
 
 Uloborus Walckeniiorius, Latr, pp. 285, and 580 pi. vr, fig 2. 
 Hyptiotes paradoxus, C. L. Koch., p. 533. 
 
 THOMISIDES. 
 
 Tkomisus onustus, Walck., p. 288. 
 Misumena vatia, Clk., p. 290. 
 
 „ truncata, Pall., p. 534. 
 Dicea dorsata, Fabr., p. 293. 
 
 ,, Devonicnsis, Cambr., p. 535. 
 Xysticus cristatus, Clk., p. 298. 
 ,, viaticus, C. L. Koch, p. 296. 
 ,, pini, Halin., p. 299. 
 „ lanio, C. L. Kocb., p. 303., pi. v., fig. 1. 
 
623 
 
 Xysticus cinereus, Bl., p. 536. 
 
 sabulosus, Hahn., p. 301. 
 Canibridgii, Bl., p. 308. 
 Oloveri, Bl., p. 538. 
 luctuosus, BL, p. 305. 
 brevipes, Bl., p. 536. 
 lynceus, Latr., p. 537. 
 robustus, Halm., p. 306. 
 luctator, C. L. Koch., p. 313. 
 bifasoiatus, C. L. Koch, p. 312. 
 ulrai, Hahn., p. 310. 
 erraticus, BL, p. 309. 
 Oxyptila trux, BL, p. 320. 
 
 ,, atomaria, Panz., p. 322. 
 ,, simplex, Canibr., p. 324. 
 ,, praticola, C. L. Koch, p. 316. 
 „ sanctuaria, Cambr., p. 319. 
 ,, Blackwallii, Sim., p. 318. 
 Philodromus margaritatus, Clk., p. 326, pi. v., fig. 2. 
 Mneatipes, Cambr., p. 538. 
 dispar, Walck., p. 328. 
 aureolus, Clk., p. 329. 
 cespiticolens, Walck., p. 331. 
 prsedatus, Cambr., p. 332. 
 constellatus, Sim., p. 333. 
 omarginatus, Schr., p. 333. 
 elegans, BL, p. 334. 
 fallax, Sund., p. 335. 
 Clarkii, BL, p. 539. 
 variatus, BL, p. 540. 
 mistus, BL, p. 541. 
 
 Thanatus striatus, C. L. Koch, p. 337 (sub. Thanatus hirsutus, 
 
 Cambr.), and p. 338. 
 Tibellus oblongus, Walck., p. 339. 
 Micrommata vkoscens, Clk., p. 341. 
 
624 
 
 LYCOSIDES 
 Ocyale mirabilis, Clk., p. 346. 
 Dolomedes fimbriatus, Clk., p. 348. 
 Pirata piscatoria, Clk., p. 351. 
 ,, Knorrii, Scop., p. 543. 
 „ hygropbilus, Thor., p. 352. 
 ,, piraticus, Clk., p. 353. 
 ,, latitans, Bl., p. 355. 
 Trocbosa leopardus, Sund., p. 357. 
 ,, picta, Hahn., p. 358. 
 ,, cinerea, Fabr., p. 545. 
 „ liunquiculata, Cambr., p. 544. 
 ,, ruricola, Do Geer, p. 461. 
 „ terricola, Thor., p. 362. 
 Tarantula miniata, C. L. Kocb, p. 548 
 ,, pulverulenta, Clk., p. 364. 
 ,, aculeata, Clk., p. 549. 
 ,, trabalis, Clk., p. 550. 
 
 ,, cuneata, Clk., p. 356. 
 „ andreuivora, Walck., p. 366. 
 „ fabrilis, Clk., p. 358, pi. v., fig. 5. 
 Lycosa amentata, Clk., p. 370. 
 annulata, Thor., p. 372. 
 agricola, Thor., p. 598. 
 arenicola, Cambr., p. 373. 
 Traillii, Cambr., p. 545. 
 lugubris, Walck., p. 874. 
 Farrenii, Cambr., p. 546. 
 pullata, Clk., p. 376. 
 proxima, C. L. Kocb, p. 378. 
 riparia, C. L. Kocb, p. 381. 
 prativaga, C. L. Kocb, p. 381. 
 nigricops, Tbor., p. 382. 
 lierbigrada, Bl., p. 384, pi. v., fig. 4. 
 palustris, Linn., p. 387. 
 moaticola, C. L. Kocb, p. 383. 
 
625 
 OXYOl'IDES. 
 Oxyopes Hneatus, Fabr., p. 552, pi. vi., fig. 1. 
 
 SALTICIDES. 
 
 Epiblemum scenicum, Clk., p. 392. 
 
 ,, ciagulatum, Panz., p. 393, pi. v., fig. 6. 
 
 ,, affinitatum, Carabr., p. 394. 
 
 Heliophanus cupreus, Walck., 395. 
 ,, expers, Carabr., p. 396. 
 
 „ flavipes, C. L. Koch, p. 398. 
 Marpessa muscosa, Clk., p. 554. 
 „ pomatia, "Walck. 
 ,, nigrolimbata, Cambr., p. 556. 
 „ ? Jenynsii, Bl., p. 557. 
 Ballus depressus, Walck., p. 399. 
 Neon reticulatus, Bl., p. 501. 
 Euophrys frontalis, Walck., p. 403. 
 „ erraticus, Walck., p. 558. 
 „ eequipes, Cambr., p. 404. 
 „ petrensis, C. L. Koch, p. 406. 
 ,, ? gracilis, Bl. p. 559. 
 Attus caricis, Westr., p. 563. 
 ,, pubescens, Fabr., p. 408. 
 ,, floricola, O. L. Koch, p. 554. 
 ,, saltator, Sim., p. 410, pi. v., fig. 7. 
 Hyctia nivoyi, Luc, p. 560. 
 
 ,, ? xanthogramma, Bl., p. 551. 
 Hasarius arcuatus, Clk., p. 565. 
 • „ falcatus, Clk., p. 412. 
 ,, Adansonii, Sav., 566. 
 ,, ? notatus, BL, p. 567. 
 Phlegra fasciata, Hahn., p. 414. 
 iElurops, v-insignitus, Clk., p. 416, pi. v., fig. 8. 
 Philceus chrysops, Poda, p. 562. 
 S Uicus jormicarius, Walck., p. 568. 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 A. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Abdomen of Spiders ... Introd. xiii. 
 
 Acaridca ... Ibid, i., iv., xxxiv., xxxv. 
 
 „ Spiders distinguished from 
 
 Introd. iv. 
 AHlurops, Thor. ... 414, 415 
 
 „ faaciatua, Hahn. ... ... 414 
 
 f-insignitua, Clk. ... 416, 583 
 
 Agelenides 
 Agelena, Walck. 
 
 ,, brunnea, Bl. 
 
 ,, celana, Bl. 
 
 ,, elegana, Bl. 
 
 ,, gracilipes, Bl. 
 
 „ Hyndmannii, Bl. ... 
 
 labyrinthica, Clk... 
 montana, Bl. 
 nava, Bl. ... 
 prompta, Bl. 
 proxima, Cambr. ... 
 Bubfusca, Cairibr. ... 
 
 58, 601, 607, 613 
 34, 37, 67, 007 
 ... 35, 36, 37 
 
 41 
 
 69 
 
 ... 39 
 ... 472 
 ... 67 
 70, 72, 73 
 ... 69 
 ... 473 
 ... 36 
 69 
 
 Agrocca, Weatr. 
 H brunnea, Bl. 
 „ proxima, Cambr. .. 
 Amaurobius, C. L. Koch 
 „ fenestralis, Stroem 
 „ ferox, Walok. 
 ,, aimilia, Bl. 
 Anyphoena, Sund. 
 
 ,, accentuata 
 Arachnida 
 Arachnids 
 
 Aranca arundinacea, Linn, 
 atomariu, Fanz. ... 
 bimaculata, Linn.... 
 bipunctata, Linn..., 
 cbryaops, Foda 
 ciuerea, Fabr. 
 cinerea, Fanz. 
 cingulata, Fanz. ... 
 conica, Pall, 
 denticulata, Oliv. ... 
 Derhamii, Scop. ... 
 doraata, Fabr. 
 grossipea, De Geer 
 liolosericea, De Geer 
 Kuorrii, Seop. 
 latena, Fabr. 
 nigrita, Fabr. 
 palustrls, Linn 
 Fetiverii, Scop, 
 picea, Sulz. ... 
 
 pubescena, Fabr. ... 
 ruricola, De Geer... 
 sanguinolenta, Linn, 
 truneata, Pall. 
 ,, tuberculata, De Geer 
 Araneidea 1 and Introd. 
 
 x: 
 Arancus aculeatus, Clk.... 
 ,, amentatua, Clk. ... 
 „ aq'iaticua, Clk. 
 ,, arcuatus, Clk. 
 
 34, 570, 607, 612 
 
 54,571 
 ... 33, 607, 612 
 
 34 
 
 1, and Introd. xxxv. 
 Introd. iv. 
 ... 2 
 ... 322 
 ... 91 
 ... 96 
 ... 562 
 ... 545 
 ... 65 
 ... 393 
 ... 246 
 ... 66 
 ... 63 
 ... 293 
 ... 565 
 ... 27 
 ... 543 
 ... 50 
 ... 16 
 ... 387 
 ... 15 
 ... 2 
 ... 408 
 ... 361 
 ... 562 
 ... 535 
 ... 235 
 xxxiv., 
 ., xxxvi. 
 ... 549 
 ... 370 
 ... 471 
 ... 665 
 
 Page. 
 .4raneu» aureolus, Clk. ... ...329 
 
 „ bucculentua, Clk. ... ... 224 
 
 ,, cellulauus, Clk. ... ... 93 
 
 „ cornutus, Clk. ... ... 275 
 
 „ criatatua, Clk. ... ... 298 
 
 „ cuneatua, Clk. ... ... 366 
 
 „ diadematus, Clk. ... ... 266 
 
 „ fabrilis, Clk 368 
 
 „ falcatua, Clk. ... ... 412 
 
 ,, formosua, Clk. ... ... 83 
 
 „ lineatua, Clk. ... ... 95 
 
 „ litera-v-inaignitu8, Clk. ... 416 
 
 „ litera-::-notatua, Clk. ... 256 
 
 ,, margaritatua, Clk. ... 325 
 
 „ montanua, Clk. ... ... 225 
 
 „ muacoaua, Clk. ... ... 554 
 
 „ pallidulus, Clk 26 
 
 „ piraticua, Clk. ... ... 353 
 
 ,, piscatoriua, Clk. ... ... 351 
 
 ,, pullatua, Clk. ... ... 376 
 
 „ pulverulentua, Clk. .. 364 
 
 „ quadratua, Clk. ... ... 278 
 
 ,, roseus, Clk. ... ... 341 
 
 „ acenicua, Clk. ... ... 392 
 
 ,, sclopetariua, Clk. ... ... 277 
 
 ,, segmentatua, Clk.... ... 239 
 
 ,, siayphiua, Clk. ... ... 85 
 
 ,, trabalia, Clk. ... ... 550 
 
 ,, triangularis, Clk. ... ... 227 
 
 „ vatiua, Clk 290 
 
 ,, virescens, Clk. ... ... 341 
 
 Argyroncta, Latr. ... ... 471 
 
 ,, aquatica, Bl. ... ... 471 
 
 Articulata ... Introd. xxxiv., xxxv. 
 Aaagena, Sund. ... ... 101 
 
 „ phalerata, Panz. ... 97, 102 
 
 ,, aerratipea, C. L. Koch ... 102 
 
 AUus, Walck., Sim., Cambr., 407, 412, 
 
 563 
 
 ,, caricia, Weatr. ... ... 563 
 
 „ erraticua, Walck. ... ... 558 
 
 ,, fasciatua, Cambr. ... ... 414 
 
 „ floricola, C. L. Koch ... 564 
 
 „ formicariua, Walck., Bl. ... 568 
 
 „ frontulia, Walck 403 
 
 ,, pubeacena, Camb. .. ... 408 
 
 ,, quinquepartitua, Walck. ... 416 
 
 „ saltator, Sim. ... ... 410 
 
 Atypus, Latr. ... 2 and Introd. xii. 
 
 „ affinis, Eichw, Cambr. ... 2 
 
 „ Beckii, Cambr. ... ... 4 
 
 „ Blackwallii, Sim., Cambr.... 4 
 
 „ piceus, Sulz., Cambr. 2, 4, 583 
 „ Sulzeri, Latr., Bl.... ... 2 
 
 B. 
 
 Ballus, C. L. Koch 
 
 ,, depreaaus, Walck. . 
 
 BaChyphantes, Menge . 
 
 ,, zebriuua, Menge . 
 
 „ criatatua, Menge . 
 
 „ longipaa, Menge . 
 
 399 
 399 
 177 
 182 
 195 
 210 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 Blackmail, John, work on British 
 
 and Irish Spiders, Pref. i. 
 Bloxworth, description of parish, 
 
 Prof. ii. 
 „ district, fairly represents the 
 
 County of l)orset, Pref. ii. 
 Bolyphantes, Menge ... ... 177 
 
 British spiders, all the known 
 species included in the pre- 
 sent work ... Pref. i. 
 , , numbers of at present known 
 
 Pref. lii. and note to 607 
 
 O. 
 
 Calamistrum ... Introd. viii., xx. 
 
 Calliethera, C. L, Koch... ... 391 
 
 ,, histrionica, C. L. Koch, 
 
 Cambr. 392 
 
 „ mutabilis, Lucas ... ... .'!!)( 
 
 ,, scenica, 0. L. Koch ... 393 
 
 Capture of spiders, Introd, 
 
 xxxviii. and 68 
 
 Cephalo-thorax ... Introd. v., iv. 
 
 Caput ... ... ... Introd. v. 
 
 Cercidia, Thor.... ... ... 253 
 
 " prominons, Westr. ... 253 
 
 Chelifcrw ... ... Introd. vi. 
 
 Chiracanthium, C. L. Koch 32, 464 
 „ carnifex, Fabr., C. L. Koch 
 
 32, 464, 465 
 ,, erraticum, Bl. ... ... 464 
 
 „ nutrix, Westr. ... ... 33 
 
 „ Pennyi, Cambr. ... ... 464 
 
 Cinitlo, Bl. ... ... 51, 53 
 
 atrox, Bl.... ... 56,57 
 
 „ ferox. Walck., Bl.... ,.. 56 
 
 ,, humilis, Bl. ... ... 51 
 
 „ Mengii, Cambr. ... ... 52 
 
 „ puta, Cambr. ... ... 53 
 
 ,, similis, Bl. ... 54, 57 
 
 Cireuhition, organs of, Introd. xvi, xvii. 
 
 Citk/radw, Latr. ... ... 604 
 
 Clubiona, Latr., Bl. ... 21, 464 
 
 ,, amarantha, Bl. ... ... 23 
 
 ,, assimilata, Cambr. ... 24 
 
 „ brevipes, Bl 28 
 
 ,, coerulescens, L. Koch ... 29 
 
 „ compta. C. L. Koch 29 
 
 „ comta, Bl. 29 
 
 „ corticalis, Walck. ... ... 26 
 
 „ deinognatha, Cambr. ... 27 
 
 „ diversa, Cambr. ... ... 31 
 
 ,, epimelas, Bl. ... ... 26 
 
 „ formosa, Bl. ... ... 464 
 
 ,, grisea, L. Koch ... ... 22 
 
 „ holosericea, Bl. ... ... 22 
 
 „ holosericea, DeGeer ... 27 
 
 ,, lutescens, Westr. ... ... 24 
 
 „ neglecta, Cambr. ... ... 25 
 
 „ pallens, Bl 31 
 
 „ pallens, L. Kocb. ... ... 31 
 
 „ reclusa, Cambr. ... ... 24 
 
 CTu&Mmasubtilis, L. Koch. ... 31 
 
 ,, terrestris, Westr. ... ... 23 
 
 ,, trivialis, L. Koch.... ... 31 
 
 ,, voluta, Cambr. ... ... 29 
 
 Classification of spiders, Introd. xxxiv. 
 
 Clypeus ... ... Introd. vii. 
 
 Claw-tuft ... ... Introd. ix. . 
 
 Coclotes, Bl 58, 59, 472 
 
 ,, atropos, Walck ... ... 60 
 
 „ immaeulatus, Cambr. ... 472 
 
 ,, saxatilis, Bl. ... ... 60 
 
 Crustacea, Spiders distinguished 
 
 from ... ... xxxv. 
 
 Cryphocca, Thor. ... 58, 571 
 
 ,, moerens, Cambr. ... 59, 571 
 
 „ silvicola, Bl. ... 474, 572 
 
 Cyclosa, Menge... ... ... 245 
 
 ,, conica, Menge ... ... 246 
 
 Cyrtophoru, Sim., Cambr. ... 245 
 
 D. 
 
 Deglutition in spiders ... ... 584 
 
 Dcndryphautcs dorsalus, C.L.Koch 562 
 ,, leucomelas, C. L. Koch ... 562 
 „ nigriceps, C. L. Koch ... 562 
 ,, xauthomtlas, C. L. Koch ... 562 
 
 Dia:a, Thor 292, 535 
 
 ,, Devonionsis, Cambr. ... 535 
 
 ,, dorsata, Fabr. ... ... 293 
 
 ,, formosa, Bl. ... ... 535 
 
 Dicly aides 46, 48, 426, 601, 607, 612 
 
 Dictyna, Sund. 46, 48, 50, 426, 466 
 
 „ arundinacea, Linn. 46, 49, 50 
 
 „ latens, Fabr. ... ... 60 
 
 ,, lugubris, Cambr. ... ... 466 
 
 „ pusilla, Westr. ... ... 426 
 
 ,, uneinata, Thor. ... ... 50 
 
 „ variabilis, C. L. Koch ... 466 
 Digestion, organs of ... Iutrod. xvi. 
 Dipoena, Thor.... ... ... 478 
 
 ,, lnelanogaster, C. L. Koch... 478 
 Dolomedes ... ... 345, 347 
 
 „ fimbriates, Walck., Bl. ... 348 
 
 „ mirabilis, Oik., Bl. ... 346 
 
 ,, ornatus, Bl. ... ... 348 
 
 Dorsal vessel _ Introd, xvii. 
 
 Dorset, principal districts of, in 
 
 respect to soil, ... Pref. ii. 
 ,, spiders peculiar to, Ibid. iii. 
 
 ,, numbers of spidors as yet 
 
 discovered in Ibid. iii. and 
 
 note to p. 607 
 
 Vrassidcs, 11, 13, 14, 16, 418, 600, 607, 610 
 
 Drassus, Bl. ... ... ... 11 
 
 Drussus, Walck, ... 16, 423, 570 
 
 anglicus, Cambr. ... ... 14 
 
 ater, Bl. ... ... ... 15 
 
 Blnckwallii, Thor. ... 17 
 
 braccatus, L. Koch ... 570 
 
 bnlbifer, Cambr. ... 18, 570 
 
 clavator, Cambr. ... ... 17 
 
 criminalis, Cambr. ... 20 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 ... 21 
 ... 423 
 ... 19 
 ... 14 
 ... 421 
 ... 12 
 ... 40 
 ... 15 
 ... 39 
 ... 44 
 ... 20 
 ... 16 
 ... 12 
 ... 17 
 ... 4G7 
 ... 17 
 ... 123 
 Introd. 
 xxxii. 
 ... 5, 6 
 ... 6 
 ... 6 
 ... 6 
 ... 7 
 ... 6 
 607, 610 
 
 Drastus delinquens, Cambr. 
 
 „ infuscatus, Westr. 
 
 „ lapidicolens, Bl. ... 
 
 ,, lucifugus, Bl. 
 
 „ minor, Cambr. 
 
 ,, niteus, Bl. 
 
 ,, Palliardii, Cambr. 
 
 „ pedestrie, C. L. Koch 
 
 ,, pnelongipes, Cambr. 
 
 ,, propinquns, Bl. ... 
 
 ,, pubescens, Thor., Cambr, 
 
 ,, pusillus, Bl. 
 
 ,, scintillans, Cambr. 
 
 ,, sericeus, Bl. 
 
 „ subniger, Cambr. ... 
 
 ,, troglodytes, C. L. Koch 
 Drepanodus, Menge ... 
 Drought, injurious to spiders, 
 
 J>i/sdcra, Latr., Bl. 
 
 , , Cambridgii, Thor. ... 
 
 ,, crocota, C. L. Koch 
 
 ,, erythrina, Bl. 
 
 ,, Hombergii, Scop., Bl. 
 
 ,, rubicunda, Bl. 
 Dsyderidts ... 5, 600, 
 
 E. 
 
 Eggs and Egg Cocoons of spiders, 
 
 Introd. xxii., xxiii. 
 Eggs, affection of spiders for, Ibid. 
 
 xxxii., xxxiii. 
 Enemies, of spiders, Ibid, xxxi., xxxii. 
 Epcirides, 237, 528, 602, 608, 621 
 
 Epeira, derivation of the word ... 588 
 Epcira, Bl., 238, 245, 248, 253, 255, 258 
 
 Epeira, Walok 258,529 
 
 „ acalypha, Walck., Bl. ... 264 
 
 ., adianta, Walck. ... 261, 529 
 
 ,, agalena, Walck., Bl. ... 273 
 
 ,, albimacula, Bl. ... ... 263 
 
 alsine, Walck. ... ... 530 
 
 „ angulata, Clk. .. 270,272 
 
 „ anthracina, Bl. ... ... 249 
 
 „ antriada, Walck., Bl. ... 241 
 
 ,, apoclisa, Walck., Bl. ... 275 
 
 „ arbustorum, C. L. Koch ... 273 
 bella, Meade ... ... 253 
 
 „ bicomis, Walck., Bl. ...272 
 
 „ calophylla, Bl 257 
 
 , calva, Bl. 252 
 
 " celata, Bl. ... 241, 242 
 
 „ cernpetiia, Walck., Bl. ... 529 
 
 ,. conica, Bl. ... ... 246 
 
 „ covnuta, Clk., 275, 277, 278, 279 
 „ cucurbitina, Clk. ... ... 259 
 
 diadema, Bl. ... ... 266 
 
 „ diademata, Clk,, 266, 269, 270, 
 275 
 
 „ dioidea, Walck 263 
 
 „ fusca, Bl.... ... ... 528 
 
 „ Herii, Bl. ... 249,251 
 
 Epeira inclinata, Walck., Bl. ... 239 
 „ lutea, C. L. Koch, Bl. ... 530 
 ,, Menardi, Latr. ... ... 528 
 
 „ Mengii, Bl. 239 
 
 „ ornata, Bl. ... ... 531 
 
 „ patagiata, C. L. Koch, 277, 278 
 „ quadrata, Clk., Walck. ... 278 
 
 „ scalaris, Walck., Bl. ... 208 
 
 ,, sclopetaria, Clk. ... ... 277 
 
 „ sericata, C. L. Koch ... 277 
 
 ,, signata, Bl. ... ... 530 
 
 ,, similis, Bl. ... ... 255 
 
 „ solers, Walck., Bl, ... 282 
 
 „ sollers, Walck. ... ... 282 
 
 „ tubulosa, Bl. ... ... 248 
 
 „ Westringii, Thor. ... ... 260 
 
 ,, Youngii, Cambr. ... 273, 275 
 
 Epiblcmum, Hentz. ... ... 391 
 
 „ aSinitatum, Cambr. ... 394 
 
 „ cingulatum, Panz.... 393,301 
 
 ,, scenicum, Clk. ... 392, 394 
 
 Episinus, Walck. ... ... 80 
 
 „ truncatus, Walck.... ... 80 
 
 Eresides ... 45, 600, 607, 612 
 
 ... 45 
 
 ... 47 
 
 Bl. ... 45 
 
 ... 48 
 
 ... 50 
 
 ... 49 
 
 ... 50 
 
 ... 466 
 
 ... 105 
 
 ... 441 
 
 ... 151 
 
 ... 437 
 
 ... 165 
 
 82 
 
 110 
 
 445 
 
 130 
 
 448 
 
 116 
 
 505 
 
 501 
 
 144 
 
 Eresus, Walck, 
 
 „ acanthophilus, Duf. 
 
 ,, cinnaberinus, Walck 
 Ergatis, Bl. 
 
 ,, arborea, Cambr. ... 
 
 ,, benigna, Bl. 
 
 ,, latecs, Bl. 
 
 ,, pallens, Bl. 
 Erigone, Sav. ... 
 
 „ barbata, Thor. 
 
 ,, crassiceps, Westr.... 
 
 ,, diluta, Cambr. 
 
 „ erythropus, Westr. 
 
 „ gibba, Westr. 
 
 ,, longimana, C. L. Koch 
 
 „ nudipalpis, Westr. 
 
 ,, penicillata, Westr. 
 
 ,, prominula, Cambr. 
 
 ,, retusa, Westr. 
 
 „ sordidata, Thor. ... 
 
 ,, snli.vi |u;ilis, Westr. 
 
 ,, subitanea, Cambr. 
 
 „ Thorellii, Westr. ... ... 508 
 
 ,, viva, Cambr. ... 435 
 
 Ero, C. L. Koch ... 232, 580 
 
 ,, atomaria, C. L. Koch 235, 5S0 
 
 „ thoracica, Wid. ... 233, 235 
 
 ,, tuborculata, DeGeer 235,580 
 EucJmria atrica, C. L. Koch ... 267 
 Euophri/s, C. L. Koch ...401, 402, 558 
 
 „ sequipes, Cambr. ... 404, 407 
 
 „ erratlous. Walck ... ... 558 
 
 floricola, C. L. Koch ... 561 
 
 „ frontalis, Walck. ... ... 403 
 
 ,, gracilis, Bl. ... ... 559 
 
 „ petrensis, C. L. Koch ... 406 
 
 ,, pubescens, C. L. Koch ... 408 
 
 ,, reticulatus, Cambr. ... 401 
 
 Euri/opis, Menge, ... 99, 573 
 
CENEltAI, INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Earyopis coracina, C. L. Kooh ... 573 
 „ ilavomaculata, C. L. Koch... 100 
 „ inornata, Cambr. ... ... 100 
 
 Eyes of Spiders ... Introd. vi., vii.. viii. 
 „ defective number of .,. vii. 
 
 F. 
 
 Facial space ... ... Introd. vii. 
 
 Families of Spiders, Introd. xxxvi. and 
 
 007-009 
 
 Families— Latreillean, Ibid, xx., 599 
 
 Food of spiders ... ... Ibid, xviii. 
 
 Falccs of spiders ... Ibid. ix. x. 
 
 Fang ... ... ... Ibid. ix. 
 
 a. 
 
 Garden Spider, Introd. i. and 268 
 
 Qenera of spiders, Introd. xxxvi., and 
 G07, 009 
 
 Genital aperture ... Ibid. xv. 
 
 Globules, viscid... Introd. xx., and 237 
 ,, mode of attaching ... 5S7 
 
 Gnaphosa, Latr. ... 13, 418, 402 
 
 „ unglica, Cambr. ... 14, 41S, 419 
 
 ,, lueifuga, 131. ... ... 401 
 
 ,. lugubris, C. L. Koch and 
 
 Cambr. ... ... 418 
 
 „ suspecta, Cambr. ... ... 419 
 
 Gossamer spiders Introd. xxiii., xxiv. 
 
 H. 
 
 Habits and Economy of spiders, 
 
 Introd. xviii. -xxii. 
 
 Hahnia, C. L. Koch ... ... 08 
 
 „ Candida, Sim. ... ... 71 
 
 „ elegans, Bl 69 
 
 „ helveola, Sim. ... 71, 72 
 
 „ montana, Bl. ... 70, 73 
 
 ,, nava, Bl. ... ... ... 09 
 
 Barpactes, Tempi. ... ... 6, 7 
 
 „ Hombergii, Scop ... ... 7 
 
 Harvest spider ... ... Introd. i. 
 
 Harvest-men ... ... Ibid. iv. 
 
 Hasarius, Sim. ... ... ... 565 
 
 ,, Adansonii, Sav. ... ... 566 
 
 „ arcuatus, Clk. ... ... 565 
 
 ,, notatus, Bl. ... ... 567 
 
 Hearing, sense of, in spiders ... 583 
 
 Hecaerge, Bl. ... ... ... 42 
 
 „ maculata, Bl. ... ... 42 
 
 „ nemoralis, Bl. ... ... 43 
 
 ,, spinimana, Bl. ... ... 42 
 
 Heliophanus, C. L. Koch ... 394 
 
 „ cupreus, Walck., Bl. 395, 390, 
 
 397, 398 
 
 ,, expers, Cambr., Sim. ... 390 
 
 „ Bavipes, C. L. Koch ... 398 
 
 House- spider ... ... 55, 56, 87 
 
 Hyctia, Sim. ... ... ... 560 
 
 Nivoyi, Luc. ... ... 500 
 
 Ta -e. 
 Hyctia xanthogramraa, El. ... 561 
 
 Hyptiotes, Walck ... ... 532 
 
 „ cavata, Hentz., Introd. xx., and 
 
 533 
 
 ,, paradoxus, C. L. Koch ... 532 
 
 Insects and spiders, differences between 
 
 Introd. iii., iv. 
 
 Internal structure of spiders, Ibid. 
 
 xvi.-xviii. 
 
 „ works on ... ... Ibid, xviii. 
 
 Jumping Spider 
 Jumping spiders 
 
 J. 
 
 L. 
 
 ,., 393 
 
 ... 390 
 
 Labium of spiders ... Introd. xii. 
 
 Laterigradce, Latr ... ... 603 
 
 Legs of spiders ... Introd. viii. ix. 
 
 Lethia, Menge ... ... 61, 407 
 
 „ albispiraculis, Cambr. 53, 468 
 ,,- humilis, Bl. ... 51, 52 
 
 ., Mengii, Cambr. ... 52, 53 
 
 „ patula Sim., Cambr. ... 470 
 
 ,, puta, Cambr. ... 53, 470 
 
 ,, spinigera, Cambr. ... ... 468 
 
 ,, subniger, Cambr. ... ... 467 
 
 Life, duration of, in spiders, 
 
 Introd. xxxiii. 
 
 Linyphia, Latr., Bl., 175, 177, 452, 512 
 
 578 
 
 „ abnormis, Bl. ...207,489,578 
 
 , aeria, Cambr. ... ... 211 
 
 „ alacris, Bl. ...190,197,454 
 
 „ albicincta, Cambr. ... 230 
 
 ,, albula, Cambr. ... ... 514 
 
 ,, alticeps, Bl, ... ... 194 
 
 „ alticeps, Sund. ... 195, 515 
 
 ,, angutata, Cambr. ... ... 519 
 
 ,, angulipalpis, Cambr. ... 519 
 
 „ anthraciua, Bl. ... ... 200 
 
 ,, approximata, Cambr. 192, 518 
 „ arcana, Cambr. ... ... 522 
 
 „ bicolor, Bl. 206 
 
 „ bucculenta, Clk. ... ... 224 
 
 „ cauta, Bl.... ... ... 180 
 
 ,, cingulipes, Cambr. ... 516 
 
 ,, circumcincta, Cambr. 191, 578 
 ,, circumspecta, Bl. ... 202, 519 
 
 „ clathrata, Sund. 222, 224, 220 
 ,, Claytoniaa, Bl. ... ... 200 
 
 „ concolor, Wid. ... ... 218 
 
 „ confusa, Cambr. ... ... 181 
 
 „ contrita, Cambr. ... ... 522 
 
 „ cristata, Menge, Cambr. ... 195 
 
 ,, crucigera, Bl. ... ... 516 
 
 „ crypticolens, Bl. ... ... 93 
 
 „ decens, Cambr. ...217,521,523 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 .hia decipiens, Cambr. 
 decolor, Cambr. ... 
 dorsalia. Wid. 
 ericsea, Bl. 201, 203, 
 errans, Bl. 
 experta, Cambr. ... 
 explicata, Cambr.... 
 expuncta, Cambr.... 
 finitima, Cambr. ... 
 flavipes, Bl. 
 Fredoriei, Cambr.... 
 frenata, Wid.,Bl.... 
 fuliginea, Bl. 
 furtiva, Cambr. ... 
 furva, Bl.... 
 gracilis, Bl. 
 horteisis, Sund. ... 
 impigra, Cambr. ... 
 incerta, Cambr. ... 
 inconspicua, Cambr. 
 insignis, Bl. 
 lepida, Cambr. 
 leprosa, Ohl. ... 181, 
 
 linguata, Cambr. ...207, 
 longidens, Wid., Bl. 
 longipes, Cambr. ... 
 luteola, Bl. 
 marginata, Bl. 
 marginata, C. L. Koeh 
 Meadii, Bl. 
 
 microphthalma, Cambr. 
 minuta, Bl. 
 montana, Bl. 
 montana, Clk. 
 nasata, Bl. 
 nebulosa, Sund. ... 
 nigella, Bl. 
 nigrina, Westr. ... 
 oblita, Cambr. 
 oblivia, Cambr. , 214, 216, 
 
 oblonga, Cambr, 
 obscura, Bl. 
 pallida, Cambr. 
 parvula, Weatr. 
 peltata, Wid. 
 pernix, Bl. 
 pholcommoides, Cambr 
 pratensis, Bl. 
 prudens, Cambr. >. 
 pulchella, Bl. 
 
 pulla, Bl 
 
 pullata, Cambr 
 pusilla, Sund. 
 relativa, Cambr. ... 
 reticulata, Cambr. 
 rubea, Bl. 
 rufa, Westr. 
 setosa, Cambr. 
 socialis, Sund., Bl. 
 subnigripes, Cambr. 
 tenebricola, Wid. ... 
 tenella, Bl. 
 
 204, 
 
 188, 
 
 .. 216, 218, 
 
 ','.'. 229, 
 
 . 197, 199, 
 
 186, 
 
 Page. 
 
 Idnyphia tenuis, BL ... ... 185 
 
 terricola, Bl 185 
 
 tboracica, Wid. ... 180, 512 
 
 triangularis, Bl. ... ... 523 
 
 triangularis, CI. ... 227, 523 
 
 turbatrix, Cambr,... .. 454 
 
 variegata, Bl. ... ... 189 
 
 vivax, Bl 512 
 
 ,, zebrina, Menge. ... ... 182 
 
 ■ocranum, L. Koch. ... 37, 570 
 
 celans, Bl. ... ... 41 
 
 gracilipes, Bl. ... ... 39 
 
 gracilipes, Cambr. ... ... 40 
 
 domesticum, Wid., Bl. 38, 570 
 
 Lycosa, Bl 350, 356, 364 
 
 Lycota,, Latr 369,545,598 
 
 agretyca, Bl 362 
 
 agricola, Thor. ... ... 598 
 
 allodroma, Walck, Bl. ... 545 
 
 amentata, Clk., 370,372,373, 377 
 
 379 
 
 andrenivora, Walck., Bl. ... 366 
 
 annulata, Thor. ... ... 372 
 
 arenicola, Cambr. ...373, 377, 598 
 
 armillata, Walck., Cambr.... 366 
 
 barbipes, Sund., Cambr. ... 366 
 
 biunguiculata, Cambr. ... 544 
 
 Cambrica, Bl. ... ... 357 
 
 campestris, Walck. , Bl. ... 361 
 
 congener, Cambr ... 382 
 
 I)e Greyii, Cambr. ... 351 
 
 exigua, Bl. ...|387, 388, 389 
 
 Farrenii, Cambr, ... ... 546 
 
 fluviatilis, Bl 598 
 
 herbigrada, Bl. ... 384, 388 
 
 latitans, Bl. ... ... 355 
 
 leopardus, Sund. ... ... 357 
 
 lugubris, Walck., Bl. ... 374 
 
 miniata, Cambr. ... ... 548 
 
 monticola, C. L. Koch ... 388 
 nigriceps, Thor. ... ... 382 
 
 nivalis, Cambr. ... ... 548 
 
 obscura, Bl. ... ... 376 
 
 palustris, Linn. ...385,387,389 
 
 picta, Hahn., Bl. ... ... 358 
 
 piratica, Bl. ... ... 353 
 
 piscatoria, Bl. ... ... 352 
 
 piscatoria, C. L. Koch ... 543 
 prativaga, C. L. Koch, 
 Cambr. ... 381, 388 
 
 proxima, C, L. Koch, Cambr. 
 
 378, 380 
 pullata, Clk. 376, 378, 382, 388 
 rapax, Bl. ... ... 364 
 
 riparia, C. L. Koch, Cambr. 
 
 378, 380 
 saccata, Bl. ... ... 370 
 
 saccigera, Thor. ... ... 382 
 
 tarentula-fabrilia, C.L.Koch 368 
 
 tarsalis, Thor 387 
 
 Traillii, Cambr 545 
 
 Lycosidu ... 843,543,604,609,624 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 M. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Male and Female Spielers difference 
 
 iii size between, Introd. xxvii. 
 
 Male, devoured by female.Ibid. xxviii. 
 
 Mature and immature spiders, 
 difference between, Ibid. 
 
 x.vvi. , xxvii. 
 
 Marpessa, 0. L. Koch ... ... BM 
 
 „ Jenynsii, Bl. ... ... 557 
 
 ,, muscoaa, Clk. ... ... 554 
 
 „ nigrolimbata, Camb. ... 556 
 
 ,, pomatia, Walck. ... ... 555 
 
 MuxiUee ... ... Introd. x. 
 
 Melan-jphora atra, C. L. Koch ... 421 
 „ electa, C. L. Koch ... 462 
 
 ,, latitans, L. Koch ... ... 420 
 
 „ longipes, C. L. Koch ... 422 
 „ lutetiana, L. Koch ... 463 
 
 ,, pedestris, C L. Koch ... 15 
 
 Mcta, C. L. Koch ... ... 238 
 
 ,, Merianse, Scop. ... ... 241 
 
 „ segmentata, Clk. ... 239, 242 
 
 Micaria, C. L. Koch ... ... 11 
 
 „ pulicaria, Sund. ... ... 12 
 
 ,, ecintillans, Cambr. ... 12 
 
 Micrommata, Latr. ... ... 340 
 
 ,, virescens, Clk. ... ... 341 
 
 Micryphantes cucullatus, C. L. 
 
 Koch 451 
 
 „ fuscipalpis, C. L. Koch ... 129 
 ,, isabellinus, C. I .. Koch ... 112 
 ,, rurestris, C. L. Koch ... 129 
 
 Misumena, Latr. ... ... 290 
 
 „ vatia, Clk. ... ... 290 
 
 Mite tribes ... ... Introd. iv. 
 
 Myriapoda, spiders distinguished 
 
 from, Ibid. ... xxxv. 
 
 N. 
 
 Natural selection Introd. vi., ix., x. 
 
 Aeon, Sim. .. ... ... 401 
 
 „ reticulata, Bl. ... ... 401 
 
 Ncrienc, Bl., 103, 177, 430, 482, 574 
 „ abnormls, Bl. ... ... 207 
 
 „ affinis, Bl. ... 114, 486 
 
 „ agrestis, Bl. ... 115, 486, 574 
 
 „ agrestis, Cambr. ... ... 574 
 
 ,, aibipunctata, Cambr., 122, 
 
 137, 433 
 ,, anomala, Cambr. ... ... 133 
 
 „ aperta, Cambr. ... ... 137 
 
 „ apicata, Bl. ... 116, 117 
 
 ,, arundineti, Cambr. ... 135 
 
 „ aspera, Cambr. ... ... 136 
 
 „ atra, Bl 106 
 
 „ avida, Bl. ... ... 496 
 
 „ bicolor, Bl. ... ... 206 
 
 ,, bicuspis, Cambr. ... ... 139 
 
 „ bifida, Cambr. ... ... 112 
 
 „ bituberculata, Wid. ... 119 
 
 „ CarupbeUii, Cambr. ... 690 
 
 ,, carinata, Bl. ... ... 499 
 
 Page. 
 
 Nericne clara, Cambr. ... ... 493 
 
 „ Clarkii, Cambr. ... ... 119 
 
 ,, conigera, Cambr. ... 132, 430 
 
 ,, comigera, BL ... ... 430 
 
 „ cornuta, Bl. ... 118, 119 
 
 ,, corticea, Cambr. ... ... 130 
 
 „ curtipes, Cambr. ... ... 484 
 
 ,, decoia, Cambr. ... ... 492 
 
 ,, demissa, Cambr. ... 438, 575 
 
 „ dentata, Wid. ... ... 115 
 
 ,, dentipalpis, Wid., Cambr., 108, 
 
 482 
 
 „ dilutn, Cambr. ...437,439.575 
 
 „ dolosa, Camb. ... 126, 436 
 
 ,, Douglasii, Cambr. ... 488 
 
 „ dubia, Bl. 498 
 
 „ elevata, Cambr. ... ... 116 
 
 ,, errans, Bl. ... ... 204 
 
 ,, excisa, Cambr. ... ... 487 
 
 „ exhilarans, Cambr. ... 576 
 
 „ flavipes, Bl. ... ... 129 
 
 „ formidabilis, Cambr. ... 135 
 
 „ fugax, Cambr. ... ... 121 
 
 „ furva, Bl. 494 
 
 „ fusca, Bl. ... 486, 574 
 
 „ fuscipalpis, C. L. Koch 129, 135 
 
 „ gibbosa, Bl. ... 117, 118 
 
 „ gracilis, Bl 129 
 
 „ graminicola, Bl. ... ... 108 
 
 „ herbigrada, Bl. ... 113, 576 
 
 „ hispida, Cambr. ... ... 137 
 
 ,, Huthwaitii, Cambr. ... 486 
 
 „ improba, Cambr. ... ... 442 
 
 ,, incisa, Cambr. ... ... 489 
 
 ,, innotabilis, Cambr. 131, 492 
 
 „ isabellina, C. L. Koch ... 112 
 
 ,, jugulans, Cambr. ... ... 138 
 
 ,, lapidicola, Thor. ... ... 489 
 
 „ latebricola, Cambr. ... 120 
 
 „ livida, Bl., Cambr., 122, 123, 137 
 
 433, 489 
 
 „ longimana, C. L. Koch ... 110 
 
 ,. longipalpis, Bl. ... ... 106 
 
 „ longipalpis, Cambr. ... 107 
 
 „ longipalpis, Sund., 107, 482, 483 
 
 ,, lucida, Cambr. ... ... 127 
 
 ,, Iugubris, Bl. ... ... 495 
 
 „ marginata, Bl. ... ... 222 
 
 „ minima, Walck. ... ... 497 
 
 „ mollis, Cambr. ... ... 134 
 
 „ montana, Bl 498 
 
 ,, morula, Cambr. ... ... 494 
 
 „ munda, Bl 110 
 
 „ mystica, Cambr. ... ... 480 
 
 „ nefaria, Cambr. ... ... 439 
 
 „ neglecta, Cambr. ... 121, 136 
 
 „ nigra, Bl 109, 483 
 
 „ nigriceps, Cambr. ... ... 128 
 
 „ pallidula, Bl 499 
 
 „ pallipes, Cambr. ... ... 133 
 
 „ parva, Bl. 497 
 
 ,, pascal is, Cambr. ... ... 483 
 
 „ pavitans, Cambr. ... ... 493 
 
OENKKAL INDEX. 
 
 TU. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Neriene penicillata, Westr. ... 130 
 „ pholcommoides, Cambr. ... 675 
 
 „ piloaa, Bl. 498 
 
 „ promiscua, Cambr. ... 482 
 
 ,, pudeiiB, Cambr. ... 493, 494 
 
 „ pulla, Bl 495 
 
 „ pygm»a, Bl. ... ... 441 
 
 „ reproba, Cambr. ... ... 431 
 
 „ retusa, Westr. ... ... 116 
 
 „ lubella, Bl 112 
 
 ,, rubens, Bl. ... ... Ill 
 
 „ rubripes, Bl. ... ... 123 
 
 „ rudis, Cambr. ... ... 484 
 
 „ rufa, Wid. ... 123, 209 
 
 „ rufipes, Bl 489 
 
 ,, rufipes, Sund. ... ... 110 
 
 „ rustica, Cambr. ... ... 592 
 
 „ saxatilis, Bl. ... ... 124 
 
 „ sublimis, Cambr. ... ... 491 
 
 „ subtilis. Cambr. ... 131, 492 
 
 „ sulcata, Bl 497 
 
 „ Sundevallii, Westr. ... 125 
 
 „ sylvatiea, Bl. ... ... 129 
 
 „ tibialis, Bl. ... .. 483 
 
 „ timida, Bl 496 
 
 „ trilineata, Bl 224 
 
 „ tuberosa, Bl. ... ... 117 
 
 ,, UDcata, Cambr. ... ... 433 
 
 ,, vagane, Bl. ... ... 110 
 
 „ variegata, Bl. ... ... 189 
 
 „ viaria, Bl. ... 127, 489 
 
 „ vigilax, Bl. ... 113, 127 
 
 ,, viva, Cambr. ... ... 435 
 
 Nervous system of spiders, Introd. xvii., 
 xviii. 
 
 Nest, tubular ... ... ... 3 
 
 Nests and egg-cocoons, Introd. xxii., 
 xxiii. 
 
 Ocular area ... ... Ibid. vii. 
 
 Ocyale, Sav. ... ... ... 345 
 
 „ mirabilis, Clk., Bl. .. 346 
 
 Oonops, Tempi. ... ... 9 
 
 „ pulcher, Tempi., Bl. ... 9 
 
 Orbitelario), Latr., Introd. xx., 602 
 Oxyopides ... 551, 605, 609, 625 
 
 Oxyopes, Latr. ... ... ... 551 
 
 ,, lineatus, Latr., Bl. ... 552 
 
 Oxyptila, Sim. ... ... ... 315 
 
 atomaria, I 'an/,. ... ... 322 
 
 ,, Blackwallii, Sim. ... 318, 320 
 
 „ praticola, C. L. Koch ... 316 
 
 Banctuaria, Cambr. ... 319 
 
 ,, trux, Bl 320 
 
 Pachyqnalha, Sund. 
 
 
 .. 172 
 
 ,, Clerckii, Sund., Bl. 
 
 
 .. 173 
 
 ,, De Geeiii, Sund., Bl. 
 
 
 .. 174 
 
 ,, Listeri, Sund., Bl. 
 
 
 .. 174 
 
 Pain, Sense of ... 
 
 
 .. 584 
 
 Palpal organs ... 
 
 Iutr 
 
 h1. xi. 
 
 Page 
 Palpi of spiders, Ibid. X,, xi., xii. 
 
 Parasites on spiders, Ibid, xxxi.-ii. 
 
 Phalani/idea, Ibid. i.,iv.,xxxiv., xxxv. 
 ,, spiders distinguished from Ibid, i v. 
 
 Phalantjiuin pha'.cralum, Panz. ... 102 
 
 Phalops furcillatus, Menge 510, 591 
 
 Philaus, Thor. ... ... ... 561 
 
 ,, chrysops, Poda ... ... 562 
 
 Philodromus, Walck, Thor., BL, 325 
 
 836, 338 
 
 „ ambiguus, Bl. ... ... 326 
 
 „ aureolus, Clk., Bl. 329, 332, 333 
 ,, cespiticolens, Bl. ... 331, 333 
 
 ,, cespiticolis, Walck., Bl. ... 331 
 
 „ Clarkii, Bl 539 
 
 ,, constellatus, Sim.... ... 333 
 
 ,, deletus, Cambr. ... ... 335 
 
 „ dispar, Walck 328 
 
 „ elegans, Bl. ... ... 334 
 
 „ emarginatus, Schr. ... 333 
 
 ,, I'allax, Sund. ... ... 335 
 
 ,, hirsutus, Cambr. ... ... 337 
 
 ,, jejunus, Panz. ... ... 326 
 
 ,, lineatipes, Cambr. 334, 538 
 
 ,, margaiitatus, Clk. ... 326 
 
 ,, mistus, Bl. ... ... 541 
 
 „ oblongus, Walck., Bl. ... 339 
 
 „ pallidus, Bl 326 
 
 „ praedatus, Cambr.... ... 332 
 
 „ variatus, Bl. ... ... 540 
 
 Phlegra, Sim. ... ... ... 414 
 
 ,, fasciata, Hahn. ... ... 414 
 
 Pholcidcs ... 76, 602, 613, 608 
 
 Pholcomma, Thor. ... ... 81 
 
 „ gibbum, Westr. ... ... 82 
 
 Pholcus, Walck. ... ... 76 
 
 ,, phalangioides, Fuess. ... 77 
 
 Phrurolilhus, C. L. Koch ... 44 
 
 „ festivus, C. L. Koch ... 44 
 
 Phyllonethis, Thor. ... ... 94 
 
 „ instabilis, Cambr.... ... 95 
 
 ,, liueata, Clk. ... ... 94 
 
 Pirata, Sund., Cambr. ... ... 350 
 
 ,, hygrophilus, Thor. ... 352 
 
 ,, latitans, Bl ... 355 
 
 ,, piraticus, Clk. ... ... 352 
 
 ,, piscatoiia, Clk. ... ... 351 
 
 Portland, spiders peculiar to, Pref. iii. 
 
 Prejudice against spiders, Introd. i. 
 
 Preservation of spiders, Ibid, xxxviii.- 
 xli. 
 
 Prey, mode of entrapping, Introd. xviii. 
 
 Proslhesima, C. L. Koch, 14, 420, 462 
 „ electa, C. L. Koch ... 462 
 
 „ latitans, L. Koch, E. Sim.... 420 
 
 „ Latreillii, C. L. Koch, Sim. 421 
 ,, longipes, C. L. Koch, Cambr. 422 
 ,, lutetianu, L. Koch ... 463 
 
 „ nigrita, Fabr. ... ... 16 
 
 ,, pedestris, C. L. Koch ... 15 
 „ Petiverii, Scop. ... ... 15 
 
 Protective resemblance, Introd. xxviii.- 
 xxxl. 
 
UENEKAL INDEX. 
 
 Pseudo-scorpiones ... Introd. iv., v. 
 Pycnogonidea ... Ibid, iv., xxxv. 
 
 R. 
 
 Red spider ... ... Introcl. i. 
 
 Respiration, organs of ... Ibid. xvii. 
 Reproduction, organs of... Ibid, xviii. 
 Resemblance, protective, Ibid, xxviii. 
 xxxi. 
 Retitelavriee, 600 aud Introd. xx. 
 
 Robertus, Cambr. ... ... 103 
 
 „ astutus, Cambr. ... ... 103 
 
 S. 
 
 Sac-trachece ... Introd. xvii. 
 
 Salticidcs ...390, 554, 606, 609, 625 
 
 Sutticus, Bl., 391, 394, 399, 401, 402, 407 
 
 412, 414, 415 
 
 „ aequipes, Cambr. ... ... 404 
 
 ,, afhnitatus, Cambr. ... 394 
 
 „ Blaokwallii, Clark. ... 555 
 
 „ oaricis, Cambr. ... ... 563 
 
 „ citus, Cambr. ... ... 566 
 
 „ coocociliatus, Cambr. ... 406 
 
 ,, corouatus, Bl. ... ... 412 
 
 „ cupreus, Walck., Bl. ... 395 
 
 „ depreasus, Walck.... ... 399 
 
 ,, distinctus, Bl. ... ... 55S 
 
 ,, expers, Cambr. ... ... 396 
 
 ,, fasciatus, Hahn., Cambr. ... 414 
 
 „ flavipes, Cambr. ... ... 398 
 
 „ floricola, Bl. ... ... 410 
 
 „ floricola, C. L. Kocb, Cambr. 564 
 „ formicarius, Cambr. ... 568 
 
 „ formicarius, Black w. ( Walck. 568 
 
 „ frontalis, Bl 403 
 
 „ gracilis, Bl. ... ... 559 
 
 ,, grossipes, Cambr. ... 565 
 
 „ Jenynsii, Bl. ... ... 557 
 
 „ nidicolens, Cambr. ... 416 
 
 „ nigrolimbatus, Cambr. ...556 
 
 „ Nivoyi, Luc. ... ... 560 
 
 „ notatus, Bl. ... ... 567 
 
 ,, obscurus, Bl. ... ... 399 
 
 ,, pratincola, Cambr. ... 408 
 
 ,, promptus, Bl. ... ... 560 
 
 ,, quinquepartitus, Cambr, ... 416 
 „ reticulata!!, Bl. ... ... 401 
 
 ,, saltator, Cambr. ... ... 410 
 
 ,, sanguinolentus, Walch., 
 
 Cambr., Hahn 562 
 
 „ scenicus, Bl. ... 392, 393 
 
 „ sparsus, Bl. ... ... 408 
 
 „ tardigradus, Bl. ... ... 554 
 
 „ xanthogramma, Bl. ... 561 
 
 Saltkus, Sim., Latr. in part ... 567 
 formicarius, Walck., B)., 
 
 Cambr. 568 
 
 Saltigradce, Latr. ... ... BOG 
 
 Savignia frontata, Bl. ... ... 170 
 
 Schoenobatcs, Bl. ... ... 458 
 
 „ Walckeii, Bl 458 
 
 Scapula ... Introd. viii., ix. 
 
 Page. 
 Bcorpiomaea, Introd. iv., xxxv. 
 
 Seytodes, Latr. ... ... ... 74 
 
 „ thoracica, Latr., Bl. ... 75 
 
 Seytodides ... 74, 572, 601, 613, 608 
 
 Segcstria, Latr. ... ... 7,459 
 
 ,, Bavarica, C. L. Koch ... 8 
 ,, Florentina, Rossi.... ... 459 
 
 „ perfida, Walck., Bl. ... 459 
 
 ,, senoculata, Linn., Bl. ... 7 
 
 Senses of spider... ... ... 582 
 
 Sight, sense of, in spiders ... 582 
 
 Suit of spiders, commercial use of 
 
 Introd. xxv. 
 Silken lines, other uses of Ibid. xxiv. 
 Singa, C. L. Koch ... ... 248 
 
 ,, albovittata, Westr, ... 252 
 
 ,, hamata, Cambr. ,. ... 248 
 
 „ prominens, Westr. ... 253 
 
 „ pygmsea, Sund. ... ... 249 
 
 „ sanguinea, C. L. Koch ... 251 
 Solpugidea ... Introd. v,, xxxv. 
 Sounds, power in spiders to utter, 585 
 Spamssus suiaragdulus, Walck., 
 
 Bl 341 
 
 Species, What are ? Introd. xxxvii. 
 Specific characters ...Ibid, xxxvii. 
 
 Sucrmatliecos ... ... Ibid, xviii. 
 
 Spider, What is a? ... Ibid. i. 
 
 ,, cause of excessive develop- 
 ments in structure of the 
 male ... ... Ibid. vi. 
 
 ,, division of body ... ... iii. 
 
 ,, external structure of v,-xvi. 
 
 ,, internal structure of xvi. -xviii. 
 ,, male and female, difference 
 
 in size and colours xxvii. 
 
 Spiders, affection of for eggs and 
 
 young ... ... xxxii. 
 
 „ capture of ... xxxviii., 13 
 
 „ carnivorous habits of ... ii. 
 
 ,, classification of ... xxxiv. 
 
 „ drought injurious to xxxii. 
 
 ,, duration of life in... xxxiii. 
 
 ,, enemies of 
 
 ,, families of 
 
 ,, fasting powers of . 
 
 ,, genera of... ... xxxvi. 
 
 ,, gossamer... ... xxiii. 
 
 ,, habits aud economy, addi- 
 tional remarks upon ... 582 
 „ jumping ... ... ... 390 
 
 „ limbs, power to throw off, 
 
 19 and Introd. xxxii. 
 „ lost limbs, power to repro- 
 duce ... Introd. xxxii. 
 „ mature and immature, differ- 
 ences between ... xxvi., xxvii. 
 ,, may be tamed ... ... 55 
 
 ,, numbers of families, genera, 
 aud species found in Great 
 Britain and Dorsetshire 
 respectively ... 607, 609 
 „ prejudice against ... Introd. i. 
 
 xxxi. 
 xxxvi. 
 ...xxii. 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 xxxviii. 
 
 xviii. 
 
 582-584 
 
 IX. 
 
 Spiders, preservation of ... 
 ,, reproduction of 
 ,, senses of ... 
 ,. silk, commercial use of _ ...xxv. 
 „ snares of ... Introd. xviii. -xxii. 
 „ sounds, power to utter ... 585 
 „ snares, mode of forming ... 586 
 ,, species of (see species) 
 ,, synopsis of families 599-606 
 
 ,, systematic list of ... 610-625 
 
 „ true — Araneidea ... ... 1 
 
 ,, where to look for ... Introd. xli. 
 ,, venom of... ... ... 586 
 
 ,, venomous? ...Introd. xxv. 
 
 Spiders and other Arachnids, differ- 
 ence between Introd. iv., v., 
 xxxv. 
 Spiders and Insects, differences 
 
 between Ibid, iii., xxxv. 
 
 Spiders and Crustacea, difference 
 
 between ... xxxv. 
 
 Spiders and Myriapods, difference 
 
 between ... ... xx * Vt 
 
 Spinners of spiders ... iii., xiv. 
 Spinnerets ... ... ••• x ' v > 
 
 Spiracular plates ... ••• xv. 
 
 Steatoda, Sund.... ... 96,479 
 
 ,, bipunctata, Linn.... ... 96 
 
 „ Clarkii, Cambr. ... ... 480 
 
 .. coracina, C. L. Koch, 98, 477, 
 
 573 
 
 „ guttata, Wid., Bl. ... 99 
 
 „ haimatostigma, Bl. ... 479 
 
 „ sticta, Cambr. ... 97, 99 
 
 „ versuta, Bl. ... ... 479 
 
 Sternum of spiders, .._. Introd. xii. 
 Synonyms, rule adopted in quota- 
 
 Page. 
 61, 473 
 61, 473 
 
 ... 474 
 
 Tegcnaria domestica, Bl 
 „ Guyonii, Guer. 
 ,, silvicola, Bl. 
 
 Territelarice, Latr. 
 
 Tetragnatlta, Latr. ... ... 243 
 
 ,, extensa, Linn., Bl. ... 244 
 
 TextrUc, Sund. ... ... ... 65 
 
 ,, boopis, Cambr. ... ... 66 
 
 „ denticulata, Oliv. ... ... 66 
 
 ,, lycosina, Bl. ... ... 66 
 
 Thanatus, Cambr. ... 336, 338 
 
 Thanatus, C. L. Koch. ... ... 336 
 
 „ hirsutus, Cambr. ... ... 337 
 
 ,, oblongus, Cambr. ... ... 339 
 
 „ striatus, C. L. Koch. ... 338 
 
 Thihiphonidea Introd. v., xxxv. 
 
 Tlm'-upkosides ... 1,599,607,610 
 
 Theridiides 79, 426, 476, 602, 608, 613 
 
 Thcridion, Bl 80, 82, 476 
 
 tion of... 
 „ Thorell's work on, 
 
 T. 
 
 Tapinopa, Westr. 
 „ finitima, Cambr. , 
 ,, longidens, Wid. . 
 „ unicolor, Cambr. . 
 
 Tarentula, Sund. 
 
 Pref. iv, 
 Ibid. iv. 
 
 175, 511 
 ... 511 
 
 176, 511 
 ... 511 
 
 364, 548 
 „ aouleata, Clk., Thor., Cambr. 
 
 549 
 „ andrenivora.Walck. , Bl., 366, 369 
 ,, cuneata, Clk. ... ... 366 
 
 ,, fabrilis, Clk 368 
 
 ,, ininiata, C. L. Koch ... 548 
 
 „ pulverulenta, Clk., 364, 549, 550 
 ,, trabalis, Clk., Cambr. ... 550 
 
 Taste, sense of in spiders ... 584 
 
 Tegenaria, Bl. ... ... ••• f>8 
 
 Tegenaria, Latr. ... 61, 473 
 
 62 
 64 
 65 
 65 
 i::! 
 
 atrioa, C. L. Koch, Bl. 
 campestris, C. L. Koch 
 cicurea, C. L. Koch, Cambr 
 ciuerea, Panz. 
 civilis. Bl 
 
 Derhamii, Scop. 
 
 Tin ridton Cambr. ... ... 81 
 
 Tlteridion, Walck. ... 82, 476 
 
 „ albens, Bl. 477 
 
 ,, angulatum, Bl. .. ... 80 
 
 ,, auratum, Bl, '. ... ... 477 
 
 ,, bimaculatum, Linn. ... 91 
 
 „ Blackwallii, Cambr. ... 481 
 
 „ Carolinum, Walck., Bl. ... 91 
 
 congener, Cambr.... ... 478 
 
 „ denticulatum, Walck, Bl. 86, 87 
 „ fainiliare, Cambr.... ... 86 
 
 formosum, Clerk. ... ... 83 
 
 „ fuscum, Bl 482 
 
 , gemmosum, L. Koch 427, 429, 
 
 430, 573 
 
 ,, haeinatostigma, Bl. ... 479 
 
 nervosum, Bl. ... ••• 85 
 
 ' pallens, Bl. ... 92, 478 
 
 „ pictum, Hahn., Bl. ... 476 
 
 „ projectum, Cambr. ... 82 
 
 „ pronum, Cambr. ... ... 481 
 
 „ pulchellum, Walck., Bl. ... 90 
 
 ,, pusillum, Wid. ... ... 164 
 
 ,, riparium, Bl. ... ... 84 
 
 ,, rufolineatum, Luc. ... 89 
 
 ,, Bimile, C. L. Kooh, Bl. ... 88 
 
 ,, sisyphium, Clk. ... ... 85 
 
 ,, sisyphum, Bl. ... ... 83 
 
 ,, apirifer, Cambr. ... ... 89 
 
 ,, tepidariorum, C. L. Koch, 
 
 Bl 83 
 
 „ tinctum, Walck., Bl. ... 88 
 
 „ triste, C. L. Koch, Bl. ... 477 
 
 „ varians, Hahn., Bl. 87, 476 
 
 „ venustum, Walck., Cambr. 476 
 ,, versutum, Bl. ... ... 479 
 
 Thcridiosoma, Cambr. ... 427, 572 
 
 ,, argenteolum, Cambr. 428, 572 
 Theridium breve, Wid. ... ... 142 
 
 ,, mouoceros, Wid. ... ... 148 
 
 ,, anticum, Wid. ... ... 153 
 
 Thomisiilis, 2S7, 534, 603, 608, 622 
 
 Thomisus, Bl. 287, 290, 292. 294, 315 
 
 63, 64, 65 „ abbreviates, Walck,, Bl. ... 288 
 
X. 
 
 oexi;ral index. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Thomisus atomarius, Bl. ... 537 
 
 ,, bifasciatus, C. L. Koch, Bl., 
 
 Cambr. ... ... 312 
 
 „ Cambridgii, Bl. ... 808, 313 
 
 „ citreus, Walck., Bl. ... 290 
 
 ,, claveatus, Bl. ... ... 318 
 
 ,, cristatua, Bl. ... ... 298 
 
 ,, erraticuB, Bl. ... ... 309 
 
 ,. floricolens, Walck., Bl. ... 293 
 
 „ formosue, Bl. ... ... 535 
 
 „ Gloveri, Bl 538 
 
 „ horridus, Fabr., Cambr. ... 534 
 
 „ incertus, Bl. ... ... 316 
 
 ,, luctuosus, Bl. ... ... 305 
 
 „ onustus, Walck. ... ... 288 
 
 ,, pallidus, Bl., Cambr. ... 322 
 
 ,, pirn*, Hahn. ... ... 299 
 
 „ robuatus, Hahn. ... ... 306 
 
 „ rufopictua, Cambr. ... 301 
 
 ,, aabnlosus, Hahn, 151, ... 301 
 
 ,, sanctuarius, Cambr. ... 319 
 
 ,, simplex, Cambr. ... ... 321 
 
 ,, trux, Bl. ... ... ... 320 
 
 ,, ulmi, Hahn. ... ... 310 
 
 „ versutus, Bl. ... ... 322 
 
 ,, viaticus, Cambr. ... 296, 299 
 
 „ Westwoodii, Cambr. ... 810 
 
 Thomisus, Walck., Thor. ... 287 
 
 Thorax of Spiders ... Introd. v. 
 
 TibeUus, Sim. ... ... ... 338 
 
 ., oblongus, Walck., Bl. ... 339 
 
 Touch, sense of in spiders ... 583 
 
 Trachea: ... ... Introd. xvii. 
 
 Trochosa, C. L. Koch ... ... 356 
 
 ,, biunguiculata, Cambr. ... 541 
 
 H cinerea, Fabr. ... ... 545 
 
 „ leopardus. Sund. ... ... 357 
 
 „ picta, Hahn., Bl. ... ... 358 
 
 „ ruricola, De Geer ... ... 361 
 
 „ terricola, Thor. ... ... 362 
 
 Tubitclaria, Latr. ... ... 699 
 
 u. 
 
 Uloborides ... 284, 603 
 
 608, 622 
 
 Uloborus, Walck. 
 
 284, 580 
 
 „ Walckeniierlus, Latr. 
 
 285, 580 
 
 V. 
 
 
 Vdeda, Bl 
 
 ... 284 
 
 „ lineata, Bl, 
 
 ... 285 
 
 Venom of spiders 
 
 ... 586 
 
 Venomous Bpiders, Introd. 
 
 XXV. 
 
 w 
 
 
 Walckenikra, Bl. ... 140, 
 
 443, 500 
 
 „ acuminata, Bl. 
 
 ... 171 
 
 ,, afhuitata, Cambr.... 
 
 150, 577 
 
 „ aggeris, Cambr. ... 
 
 ... 156 
 
 ,, altifrons, Cambr, ... 
 
 ... 169 
 
 „ antica. Wid., Bl. ... 
 „ atra, Bl 
 
 ... 153 
 
 ... 505 
 
 „ atro-tibialis, Cambr. 
 
 ... 146 
 
 ,, Beokii, Cambr, ... 
 
 ... 162 
 
 Page. 
 
 Walckenaera bicolor, Bl. ... 506 
 
 ,, bifrons, Bl. ... ... 149 
 
 ,, borealis, Cambr. ... ... 165 
 
 „ brevipes, Westr., Cambr. ... 142 
 
 „ brevia, Wid. ... ... 142 
 
 „ cirrifrons, Cambr.... ... 508 
 
 ,, crasaiceps, Westr.... 151, 577 
 
 „ criBtata, Bl. ... 152, 153 
 
 „ oucullata. O. L. Koch., 
 
 Cambr. ... ... 451 
 
 „ cuspidata, Bl. ... 146, 147 
 
 „ diceros, Cambr. ... 141, 145 
 
 „ erythropus, Westr. ... 165 
 
 „ exilia, Bl.... ... ... 506 
 
 „ fastigata, Bl. ... ... 508 
 
 ,, flavipes ... ... 159, 577 
 
 „ fortuita, Cambr. ... ... 501 
 
 ,, frontata, Bl. ... ... 170 
 
 „ f urcillata, Menge, Cambr. , 510, 594 
 
 „ fu8cipea, Bl. ... ... 154 
 
 „ Hardii, Bl. ... ... 504 
 
 „ hiemalia, Bl. ... 160, 577 
 
 ,, humilia, Bl. ... ... 150 
 
 ,, ignobilis, Cambr. ... ... 155 
 
 „ implana, Cambr. ... 162, 577 
 
 „ incurvala, Cambr.... ... 503 
 
 ,, iugrata, Cambr. ... ... 443 
 
 „ jucundiSBima, Cambr. 449,452,510 
 
 latifrons, Cambr. ... ... 161 
 
 „ laudata, Cambr. ... ... 594 
 
 ,, ludicra, Cambr. ... ... 168 
 
 „ Meadii, Cambr. ... ... 502 
 
 „ melanocephala, Cambr. ... 596 
 
 ,, minima, Cambr. ... ... 164 
 
 „ minutissima, Cambr. ... 500 
 
 ,, monoceroa, Wid., Bl. ... 148 
 
 ,, nemoralis, Bl. ... ... 167 
 
 „ nodosa, Cambr. ... 451, 509 
 
 „ nudipalpis, Westr. 445, 448, 449 
 
 „ obBcura, Bl. ... ... 158 
 
 „ obtuaa, Bl. ... ... 447 
 
 „ parallela, Bl. ... ... 156 
 
 „ parva, Bl. ... ... 505 
 
 „ permixta, Cambr.... ... 153 
 
 ,, picina, Bl. ... ... 163 
 
 „ pratensia, Bl. ... ... 502 
 
 ,, prancox, Cambr. ... 143, 445 
 
 ,, promimila, Cambr. ... 448 
 
 „ pumila, Bl. ... ... 157 
 
 ,, punctata, Bl. ... ... 148 
 
 ,, pueilla, Wid. ... ... 164 
 
 ,, saxicola, Cambr. ... 145, 578 
 
 ,, scabricula, Westr. ... 156 
 
 ,, scabrosa, Cambr. ... ... 143 
 
 ,, Bimilia, Cambr. ... ... 577 
 
 „ sordidata, Thor. ... ... 505 
 
 ,, subaequalis, Weatr. ... 501 
 
 ,, subitanea, Cambr. 144, 445 
 
 „ Thorellii, Westr. ... ... 508 
 
 ,, trifrons, Cambr. ... ... 166 
 
 „ turgida, Bl. ... ... 505 
 
 ,, unicornis, Cambr., Bl. ... 147 
 
 „ vafra, Bl. ... ... 507 
 
GENERAL INDEX. 
 
 Xyaticua, 0. L. Koch 294, 315, 536 
 
 „ audax, C. L. Koch, Bl. ... 299 
 
 „ bifasciatus, C. L. Koch, 312, 314 
 
 „ bivittatus, Westr.... ... 310 
 
 „ brevipea, Hahn, Bl. ... 536 
 
 „ Cambridgii, Bl. ... 308, 538 
 
 „ cinereus, C. L. Koch, Bl. ... 536 
 
 „ cristatus, Clk. ... 298, 299 
 
 „ erraticus, Bl., 309, 310, 311 
 
 „ Gloveri, Bl 538 
 
 „ horticola, C. L. Koch ... 322 
 
 ,, imp:i\ iduH, Thor. ... ... 313 
 
 „ lanio, C. L. Koch, Cambr., 
 
 303, 305 
 
 „ luctator, L. Koch 313 
 
 „ luctuosus, Bl. ... ... 305 
 
 „ lynceus, Latr. ... ... 537 
 
 „ morio, C. L. Koch, Cambr. 306 
 
 ,, praticola,'C. L, Koch ... 816 
 
 Xyaticua pueio, Thor. .. 
 robustus, II aim. .. 
 sabulosus, Hahn. ,. 
 ulmi, Hahn. 
 veisutus, Bl., Cambr. 
 
 324 
 
 316 
 
 301 
 
 . 310 
 
 , 322 
 
 viaticus.'C. L. Koch, Cambr. 296 
 
 Yllenus, Cambr. 
 ,, saltator, Cambr. ... 
 „ v-insignitus, Cambr. 
 
 415 
 410 
 416 
 
 Zillo, C. L. Koch 255 
 
 „ atrica, C. L. Koch ... 257 
 
 „ "calophylla, C. L. Koch ... 257 
 „ x-notata, Clk. ... 255,257 
 
 * Rafer to " Errata " for p. 267, line 5 from top. 
 
*ERRATA ET CORRIGENDA. 
 
 i., line 13 from top, for miscroscopic read microscopic, 
 viii., bottom lino, insert a hyphen between the •words 
 
 papilli and form. 
 ix., line 5 from top, for elaw read claw, 
 xxxii., top line, for larva read larvae, 
 xxxix., line 8 from top, for causes read causing. 
 
 1, line 3 from top, erase the comma at the end, and place it 
 after the word it. 
 
 2, line 13 from top, for papal read palpal. 
 5, line 3 „ for thoraeica read thoracica. 
 5, line 6 ,, place a bracket after rarity. 
 8, line 12 ,, for curved read armed. 
 19, line 12 „ for serie read series. 
 25, line 3 „ for cresent read crescent. 
 37, line 10 ,, for rushes read stalks of various plants. 
 52, line 3 „ after longitudinally insert on the fore 
 
 half. 
 54, line 2, „ for wel read well. 
 74, line 4 from bottom, after the word small add attached 
 
 to a distinct supernumerary claw-joint. 
 74, line 6 from the bottom, for 4.1.2.3. read 1.4.2.3. 
 77, line 5 from the top, for This the read This is the. 
 
 81, bottom line, erase and at the beginning of the line. 
 
 82, line 8 from top, for Aranae read Araneso. 
 90, line 17 ,, after Irel. insert p. 191, pi. xiv., fig. 
 
 122. 
 90, bottom line, after the word process add at their base on 
 the outer side. 
 
 99, line 2 from top, after very insert and. 
 
 100, line 14 from the bottom, for largeish read largish. 
 
 *In binding the two parts of the work the binder must omit the Errata 
 et Corngtnda of Part I., which is embodied in the present list. 
 
ERRATA CONTINUED. 
 
 ,, 103, lines 18 and 19, transpose the words metatarsi and tarsi. 
 Page 106, lino 10 from top, for serves read serve. 
 
 Ill, line 13, „ for This not read This is not. 
 113, lino 18, ,, for rehdish read reddish. 
 120, lino 6 from bottom, after which insert is. 
 
 122, line 15 from top, for full stop after the ivord foregoing 
 place a comma. 
 
 123, line 14 from top, erase full stop after Neriene. 
 
 126, lino 13 ,, at end of line, for the comma place a 
 full stop. 
 
 127, line 11 from bottom, after with insert a. 
 
 128, line 6 from top, for largeish read largish. 
 
 129, line 7 from bottom, for fucipalpis read fuscipalpis. 
 135, Hdo 6 from top, for larger read smaller. 
 141, line 18 ,, for o read of. 
 
 141, line 8 from bottom, for thirty-eight read thirty-nine. 
 144, line 11 from top, for fonnd read found. 
 150, lino 18 ,, for oocurs read occurs. 
 152, line 7 ,, erase bracket after prominently. 
 161, line 4 from bottom, for inner read outer. 
 161, line 5 ,, for outward read inner. 
 161, line 6 ,, for outward read inward. 
 
 177, lino 6 ,, place a comma after square. 
 
 178, line 6 ,, for forty-three read forty-eight. 
 198, line 13 from top, for flacipes read flavipes. 
 204, line 17 „ for n read on. 
 213, line 11 ,, for femora read tibiae. 
 235, line 4 ,, for atomaria ra?<£ tuberculata, and for 
 
 p. 106 read -p. 107. 
 
 235, line 5 from top, for fig. 1033 read fig. 1034, a.b. 
 
 255, lino 6 from bottom, insert, as a synonym, after Epeira 
 similis, Bl., &c, Zilla calophylla, C. L. Koch, Die 
 Arachn., Bd. vi., p. 148, Tab. 216, fig. 538, 539. 
 
 257, Expunge from Synonyms of Zilla atrioa, C. L. Koch, 
 Zilla calophylla, Ibid., which should be inserted instead 
 as a synonym of the preceding species (Zilla x-notata, 
 Clk.) 
 
ERRATA CONTINUED. 
 
 ,, 280, top lino/of diadimata read diademata. 
 
 „ 314, line 4 from bottom, add a semicolon after Cambridgii. 
 
 ,, 412, line 10 from top, for male read same. 
 
 ,, 418, line 1 1 from bottom, for 85 read ser. 5. 
 
 ,, 419, line 4 ,, after adheres insert so. 
 
 ,, 424, insert at the beginning of description of Drassus minor 
 Length of the adult female 2 lines. 
 
 ,, 464, line 16 from top, for consists read consist. 
 
 ,, 472, line 5 „ for years read months. 
 
 ,, 477, line 3 „ for Walekeniiera read Walckenacr. 
 
 ,. 501, line 10 ,, erase Genus Walckenaera, Blackw. 
 
 ,, 517, line 16 „ for I.e. insert Spid. Great Brit, and 
 Irel. 
 
 „ 524, top line, and also line 10 from top, for Clerk read 
 Olerck. 
 
 „ 533, line 14 from top, for excavata read cavata. 
 
 „ 535, line 5 ,, for Devoniensin read Devoniensis, 
 and expunge sp. n. adding as a synonymic reference Dlea 
 Devoniensis, Cambr., Ann. and Mag. N.II. 1879, s. 5, 
 vol. iv., p. 208. 
 
 ,, 545, lino 8 from top before Allodroma insert Lycosa. 
 
 „ 568, line 13 from bottom, for regulosely read rugulosely. 
 
 „ 568, bottom line, for hinde read hinder. 
 
 „ 572, lino 8 from top, for Silbicola read silvicola. 
 
 „ 572, lino 14 from bottom, for iuadvertance read inadvert- 
 ence. 
 
 ,, 580, line 9 from top, for Degeerii read degener. 
 
 „ 591, lino 14 from bottom, for stornums read sternum. 
 
 Explanation of Plate I., fig. 14, for pholangioides veadphalan- 
 gioides. 
 
 Explanation of Plato III., fig. 3, for reclusa read neglecta. 
 
 Printed at the " Journal " Offices, Sherborne. 
 
ADDENDA TO INDEX. 
 0. 
 
 Coelotes moerens, Cambr. 
 
 Dictyna viridissima, Walck. 
 
 Euryopis Blackwallii, Cambr. 
 ,, fusca, Bl. . . 
 „ prona, Menge 
 
 D. 
 
 E. 
 
 L. 
 
 Letlia albispiraeulis, Cambr.. . 
 Linyphia pholcommoides, Cambr. 
 Liocranum celer, Cambr. 
 
 M. 
 Micaria scintillans, Cambr. 
 
 P. 
 Pachydactylm pronus, Monge . . 
 
 s. 
 
 Singa sanguinea, C. L. Koch. . 
 
 T. 
 Theridion coracinum, C. L. Kocb 
 
 flavomaculatum, Bl. 
 
 guttatum, Wid. 
 
 inoruatum, Cambr. . . 
 
 instabilo, Cambr. 
 
 lineatum, Bl. 
 
 quadripunctatum, Bl. 
 
 signatum, Bl. 
 
 stictum, Cambr., Bl. 
 
 Pago. 
 59 
 
 .. 589 
 
 .. 481 
 .. 482 
 481, 590 
 
 .. 571 
 .. 575 
 40, 570 
 
 .. 571 
 
 .. 481 
 
 .. 581 
 
 98 
 
 .. 100 
 
 99 
 
 .. 100 
 
 95 
 
 94 
 
 96 
 
 .. 102 
 
 .. 97 
 
 CORRIOEND UM . 
 
 » NERIENE DECORA. 
 
 Neriene decoiia., Cambr., p. 492. 
 
 „ Campbellii, Ibid., p. 590. 
 
 On tbo eve of publication I bave ascertained beyond a doubt 
 
 (but mucb to my surprise) that tbe spider described as a m w 
 
 specie? (p. 590) is identical with Ncricnc decora, Cambr., p. 492 
 
 O. P. CAMBRIDGE, 
 
 Bloxwovth Rectory. 
 May 23, 1881. 
 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 Fig. 
 
 1. Agelena labyrinthica. — Adult male ; full figure enlarged; a, 
 
 palpi ; i., exinguinal joint of leg ; ii., coxal joint ; iii., 
 femoral joint; iv., genual joint; v., tibial joint; vi., 
 metatarsal joint; vii., tarsal joint. 
 
 2. Ditto. — Adult female ; Outline of underside, with legs and 
 
 right palpus truncated ; a, a, maxillse ; c, labium ; h, axillary 
 joint of palpus ; b, humeral joint ; i, cubital joint ; 
 k, radial joint ; o, digital joint ; d, sternum ; e,e, openings 
 of the ordinary spiracular organs ; /, genital aperture ; 
 g,g, inferior pair of spinners. 
 
 3. Ditto. — Outline in profile, with legs and palpi truncated ; 
 
 a, one of the f alces ; g, one of the maxillte ; b, caput ; 
 e,d,e,f, soldered segments of thorax, corresponding on 
 each side, with the number of legs, and their divisional 
 lines, or indentations, and converging towards a central 
 indentation (fig. 4 g.) 
 
 4. Ditto. — Outline of cephalo-thorax on upper aide ; a, 
 
 falces ; b, caput ; c,d,e,f, soldered segments of thorax ; g, 
 thoracic indentation. 
 
 5. Ditto. — Outline of caput and falces from in front; a,a, 
 
 falces; b,c, moveable fangs of falces; d,d, denticula- 
 tions of falces; c\ facial space; i,e, space included 
 between a line formed by the posterior eyes, and the 
 fore margin of the caput, close to the falces; a', a" 
 ocular area ; b\ clypeus. 
 
 6. Ditto. — Hinder extremity of abdomen, from beneath, show- 
 
 ing a,a, superior spinners; b,b, inferior spinners; and 
 c,c, central pair. 
 
 7. Ditto. — Palpus of male; a, maxilla; i., axillary joint; ii., 
 
 humeral joint; iii., cubital; iv., radial; v., digital; b, 
 palpal organs. 
 
PLATE I. CONTIOTED. 
 Fig. 
 
 8. Ditto.— Extrornity of tarsus of one of the legs ; b, superior 
 
 terminal denticulatod claws ; a, inferior claw. 
 
 9. Amaurobius similis, Blackw., tarsal, and metatarsal joints 
 
 of log of fourth pair; a, series of curved spine-like 
 bristles callod the calamistrum. 
 
 10. Ditto.— Extremity of abdomen, from benoath and behind ; 
 
 g,e, superior pair of spinners; d,h, inferior pair; <y> 
 small central pair; /, anal tubercle and orifice; a,b, 
 supernumerary spinning organs, always found in spiders 
 furnished with tho Calamistrum. 
 
 1 1 . Anyphama accentuate*, Walck.— Under side of abdomen ; a, 
 
 genital aperture; b,b, ordinary spiracular openings; c, 
 extraordinary spiracular opening ; d, spinners. 
 
 12. Drassus lapidicolens, Walck.— Tarsal joint of one of fore 
 
 legs ; a, closely set papillao-form and other hairs, forming 
 the " Scopula," in profile. 
 12a. Ditto.— a, Scopula from in front. 
 
 13. Philodromus dispar, Walck.— Extremity of tarsal joint of 
 
 one of the legs in profile ; b, two terminal claws ; a, 
 cluster of papillse-form hairs or claw- tuft. 
 
 14. Pholcus pholangioides, Fuessl.— Palpus of male; a, digital 
 
 joint; b, radial joint; e, cubital; d, humeral; *, palpal 
 organs. 
 
 15. Phrurolithus festivua, Koch.— Palpus of male; a, tubercular 
 
 prominence, or apophysis, on humeral joint ; b, radial 
 apophysis, or projection issuing from radial joint; d, 
 digital joint ; c, palpal organs. 
 

 Hurt ran Bros imp 
 
PLATE II. 
 
 Fig. 
 
 1 . Segestria Bavarica, 0. Koch. — Full figuvo magnified ; a, 
 
 outline in profile, with logs and palpi truncated ; b, foro 
 extremity of caput, showing the eyes ; c, palpus ; c\ palpal 
 organs of ditto ; d, under side of eephalo-thorax, with 
 logs and palpi cut off, showing the maxillce, labium, and 
 sternum ; e, natural length of female spider ; /, ditto of 
 male. 
 
 2. Atypus pieeus, Sulz. — Full figure magnifiod ; a, profile 
 
 outline, without legs or palpi ; b, undor side of abdomen ; 
 b' gonital aporture ; a', a', ordinary spiracular oponings ; 
 c\c\ second pair of ditto, (belonging to family 
 Theraphosides) ; d, eyes from above and bohind ; e, natural 
 length of spider; /, digital, and part of radial joint of 
 palpus ; /', palpal organs ; c, fore part of sternum ; «',«', 
 maxilleo ; /, labium. 
 
 3. Bysdera Cambridgii, Thor. — Fore part of caput, showing 
 
 the eyes from above and behind. 
 
 4. Ditto. — Under sido of abdomen ; a,a, ordinary spiracular 
 
 openings ; b,b, second pair of ditto, (belonging to family 
 Bysderides.) 
 
 5. Oonops pulcher, Templeton. — Foro part of caput, showing 
 
 the eyes from above and behind. 
 
 6. Bysdera crocota, 0. Koch. — Portion of palpus of male ; a, 
 
 palpal organs. 
 
 7. Egg cocoon of AgroSca proxima, Cambr., attached to a twig 
 
 of heather. 
 7a. Egg cocoon of Agroeca Irunnea, Bl. ? 
 
 8. Egg cocoon of Theridion p aliens, BL, enlarged. 
 
 8a. Egg cocoon of Ero thoracica, 0. Koch, attached to a dead 
 twig, and a little enlarged. 
 
PLATE III. 
 
 Fig. 
 
 1. Drassus bulbifer, Cambr., — a, Profile without legs or palpi ; 
 
 b, natural length of spider ; e, external orifice of seminal 
 vessels ; d, humeral joint of palpus ; c, digital, radial, 
 and cubital joints, showing palpal organs and the radial 
 apophysis. 
 
 2. Drassus lapidicolens, Walclr. — Eyes from above and behind. 
 
 3. Clubiona reclusa, Cambr. — a, eyes and falces from in 
 
 front ; b, profile outline ; c, palpus ; d, natural length of 
 spider. 
 
 4. Steatoda sticta, Cambr., — a, profile oiitline ; b, foro part 
 
 of caput, showing the eyes and falces ; c, palpus ; d, 
 natural length of spider. 
 
 5. Pholcomma gibbum, Westr. — a, profile ; b, fore-part of caput, 
 
 showing eyes and falces ; d, natural length of spider. 
 
 6. Walchenaera diceros, Cambr. — a, profile outline ; b, fore part 
 
 of caput from above and rather behind, greatly magnified, 
 showing position of the eyes, and the two horn-like 
 tufts of bristles in the middle of the ocular area ; o, 
 palpus from above ; d, ditto, underneath ; e, natural 
 length of spider. 
 
 7. Linypkia sctosa, Cambr. — a, profile outline ; b, caput in 
 
 front, showing eyes and falces ; c, palpus from above ; 
 d, natural length of spider. 
 
PI. Ill 
 
 HfrntcruBrtss itn». 
 
MiiAeru Bios imp 
 
PLATE IV. 
 
 Fig. 
 
 1 . Thcridion formomm, Clorclc. — Enlarged ; a, profile outline ; 
 
 b, eyes from in front ; e, natural length of spider. 
 
 2. Neriene fugax, Cambr. — Enlarged ; a, profile outline ; b, 
 
 eyes from in front ; c, palpus ; d, ditto from another 
 point of view ; c, natural length of spider. 
 
 3. Walchmaera trifr ons, Cainbr. — Enlarged; a, profile outlino ; 
 
 b, eyes and falces from in front ; c, palpus ; d, ditto in 
 another position ; e, natural length of spider. 
 
 4. Walckenaera acuminata, Blackw. — Profile outline, without 
 
 logs or palpi ; a, profilo outline of cephalo-thorax ; b, 
 front view of cephalic eminence, greatly magnified, show- 
 ing position of eyes ; c, profile of ditto. 
 
 5. Pachygnatha Degeerii, Sund. — Enlarged ; a, front view of 
 
 eyes and falces ; b, palpus ; c, profile outlino, without 
 legs or palpi ; d, natural length of spider. 
 
 6. Cyclosa conica, Pall. — In snare ; a,a, adhesive flocculus 
 
 attached to radiating linos of snare, presumably to aid in 
 the entanglement of insects, with the debris of which it 
 is usually loaded. 
 
 7. Epeira quadrata, Clerch. — Natural size ; a, profile outline 
 
 without legs or palpi ; b, eyes from behind ; c, palpus of 
 male. , 
 
P CamMSe dd 
 E Carter ~Mh 
 
 Mraterti i' 1 
 
PLATE V. 
 
 Fig. 
 
 1 . Xysticus htm, C. L. Koch. — Enlarged ; a, eyes from behind . 
 
 b,c, palpus in two positions ; d, natural length of spider. 
 
 2. PMlodromus margaritatus, Clorck. — Var., jejunus, Panz. ; 
 
 a, profile outliue, without legs or palpi ; b, palpus ; 
 natural longth of spider, indicated by line, unlettered. 
 
 3. PMIodromus, sp. ? — Eyes from in front. 
 
 4. Lycosa herbigrada, Black. — Enlarged ; a, profile outline, 
 
 without logs or palpi ; b, eyes from in front ; c, palpus . 
 natural length of spider, shown by bxe unlettered. 
 
 5. Tarentula fabrilis, Clorck.— Enlarged ; b, natural length of 
 
 Spider. 
 5a. Palpus of Tarentula fabrilis. 
 
 6. Epiblemum citigulatum, Panz. — Enlarged ; a, profile outline, 
 
 without legs or palpi ; b, eyes from behind ; c, palpus; d, 
 natural length of spider. 
 
 7. Attus saltator, Sim. — Enlarged; a, profile outline, with. 
 
 out legs or palpi ; b, eyes from behind ; c, palpus ; d, 
 natural length of spider. 
 
 8. JElurops V-insignitus, Olerck. — Enlarged ; a, profile outline, 
 
 without legs or palpi ; b, palpus ; c, abdomen of female, 
 showing difference of pattern from that of male ; d, 
 natural length of spider. 
 

PLATE VI. 
 Fig. 
 
 1. Oxyopcs lincatus, Latr. — Immature female enlarged; a, 
 
 profile, without legs or palpi ; b, caput and f alcos from in 
 front, showing the position of the eyes; c, length of 
 the immature female figured ; d, length of adult female. 
 
 2. Uloborm Walchenaerius, Latr. — Adult male enlarged ; a, 
 
 profile, without logs or palpi ; b, ocular area from above 
 and behind ; c, natural length of spider. 
 
 3. *Pholcm phalangioides, Fuessl. — Adult femalo natural size, 
 
 carrying her ball of eggs ; a, profile of cephalo-thorax ; 
 b, caput and falcos from in front, showing the position 
 of the eyes ; c, natural length of spider. 
 
 4. JSrcsus cinnaberinus, Oliv. — Adult male magnified ; a, profile, 
 
 without logs or palpi ; b, front view of caput and falces, 
 showing the position of the eyes ; c, natural length of spider. 
 
 5. Dictgna arundinacea, Linn. — Adult male onlargod ; a, profile, 
 
 without legs or palpi ; b, front view of caput and falces 
 showing the position of the eyes ; c, palpus of male on 
 outer side ; d. portion of leg of fourth pair of femalo, show- 
 ing calamistrum on the metatarsus ; e, spinners of male, 
 showing the transverse supernumerary spinning organ 
 in front of tho ordinary ones ; /, natural length of spider. 
 
 6. Scgtodes thoracica, Latr. — Adidt female enlarged; a, profile, 
 
 without legs or palpi ; b, caput and falces from in front, 
 showing tho position of the eyes ; c, natural length of spider. 
 
 7. Robertus ashitus, Canibr. — Adult female magnified ; a, 
 
 profile, without legs or palpi ; b, caput and falces from in 
 front, showing tho position of the eyes ; c, niaxillso and 
 labium ; d, gonital aperturo ; e, natural length of spider. 
 
 8. WaMenciera jueundmima, Cambr., sp.n. — Adult male 
 
 enlarged ; a, profile, without legs or palpi ; b, front view 
 of caput and falces ; c, portion of palpus from inner side» 
 showing (specially) tho form of the radial apophysis ; d, 
 genital aperturo of femalo ; c, natural length of adult 
 male ; /, Walckenuera nodosa, Cambr., profile of caput of 
 adult male, showing the difference of form from that of 
 Walckenuera jucundissima (fig. a). 
 *The original drawing from which this figure is engraved was drawn by 
 
 tho author for Mr. Blackwall's work on British and Irish Spiders, cl. iv.. 
 
 fig. 137«.