K^ "**»? .r'^ 1 1 I >A J. 'M 048296 3tl(ara, N«w lork FROM THE BENNO LOEWY LIBRARY COLLECTED BY BENNO LOEWY 1854-1919 BEQUEATHED TO CORNELL UNIVERSITY Cornell University Library HS650 .M24 1895 A history of Freemasonry (under the Engl 3 1924 030 323 749 olin,anx M 2f The original of tliis book is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030323749 HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY (Under the English Constitution) ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL TOGETHER WITH HISTORIES Of the Old Madras Lodges which were founded before the Union, together with Appendices and a Map. BY The Rev. C. H. MALDEN, P.M., P.Z., &c., Zocal Secretary for South India, Tjodge "Quatuor Coronati." WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY Bro. William JAMES HUGHAN, Past Sen. Grand Deacon of Entfland. Reprinted and rewritten from the " Indian Masonic Review." Price 5 Rupees and 5/6 Sterling. J^lDlDXS01>r & CO., 158 & 188, Mount Road, Madras. A. 1^3 oJf INTRODUCTION. The Rev. 0. H. Malden has done marvellously well by writing his most interesting, accurate, and exhaustive " History of Freemasonry on the Coast of Coromandel." His conspicuous success is not only very gratifying, but will prove a most pleasant surprize to Masonic students, who are familiar with the difficulties incidental to such an investigation. The obstacles to a thorough understanding of th& origin and" progress of the Fraternity in Madras, are not confined to the paucity of Records, but quite as many are due to conflicting evidence, re- quiring immense patience, persistent research, and a judicial mind, to properly appreciate, unravel, and put in order. These qualities have been duly exer- cised by my friend the Historian, the result being a reliable, complete, and ably digested account of the Craft in Madras from 1752 to date ; a fit offering to any grand body, and of which the District Grand Lodge of the Presidency may well be proud. The first " Deputation to constitute a Lodge in Madras " seems to have been issued in 1752, but neither Bro. Maiden, nor Bro. John Lane (Masonic Records, 1717 — 1894) have succeeded in tracing its exact date. The earliest authority of the kind for Bast India was signed on 6th February 1728—9 (1729), and apparently led to the constitution of a Lodge at Fort William in 1730, which was No. 72 on the Register of the Grand Lodge of England. It is quite probable that brethren from England, 4 Ireland and Scotland, who were residents for a time in Britisli India early last century, did not hesitate to open Lodges, and confer degrees, without applying for permission to either Grand Lodge, just as others did in America and elsewhere. Such organizations were not uncommon for many years, subsequent to the inauguration of the first Grand Lodge in 1717 by several old Lodges ; and doubtless explain why we meet with notices of Masonic meetings abroad, at times, and in places, not registered at headquar- ters, down to the middle of the last century. It is simply impossible to reconcile not a few of the statements respecting the Craft during the period treated by Bro. Maiden, and that not in Madras only. Unfortunately the official Records in Grand Lodge are not always to be trusted ; the care exer- cised at the present time being in sharp contrast to the old customs. No surprize, therefore, need be felt, that the appointment of Oapt. Bdmond Pascal as Prov. G. M. of the Presidency, is dated 1767 in the calendar of the Grand Lodge of England (1895), though evidence exists of his exercise of such an office some years earlier. In the constitutions of 1767 the appointment is thus noted : " Oapt. Bdmond Pascal, for Madras and its dependencies. In case of his absence, the Lodge to have power to choose another, till application can be had for another." The 2nd Prov. G. M. is stated in the official calendar to have been Brigadier-General Matthew Home, 1786. This must have been a revived appointment, as Bro. Maiden proves most clearly that Bro. Home occupied that distinguished position several years before then, and it was only due to his sensitiveness that he desired another patent. The chapter on " Athole Masonry, 1768—1786" is of special interest, and furnishes particulars of the brother who was appointed as Prov. Gr. M. on the Coromandel Coast, 5th Sept. 1781, by warrant No. 218. Another important document noted is the Prov. Grand Committee Gommission of 1778, by which certain brethren were empowered to issue warrants in the Presidency on behalf of the " Anci- ents." This formidable rival to the regular, or premier Grand Lodge, was very active in chartering Lodges abroad, and such proceedings naturally led to no end of difficulties wherever the two bodies sought to work, scarcely " side by side " but one against the other. Bro. Maiden points out the remarkable fact, that " the Freemasons in Madras in a very happy manner anticipated the Union in England by 28 years." The information supplied by him on the subject is both welcome and new to most of us. The first Lodge started in Madras, under " Anci- ent" auspices, was at Fort St. George in 1768, as No. 152. The members were authorised to confer the Eoyal Arch degree by virtue of their Craft war- rant, according to Regulations laid down in the " Ahiman Eezon" or "Book of Constitutions/' and doubtless did so. The brethren of the regular Grand Lodge had no such privilege, but they could, and did, obtain charters from a Grand Chapter of Royal Arch Masons, formed in 1767 by distinguished members of that body ; the warrants being numbered consecutively, and not as held by the Lodges, which has been the custom from 181 7. The first of such chapters in India was " 10, Bengal, East Indies, 1774," followed by the " 15, Social Brethren, Calcutta, 1778." The next granted in British India was " 70, Madras Chapter, Fort St, George, 1790," which was finallyerased in 1809. The only others I have traced were: " 169, Benevo- lence, Madras, 1811" and "170, School of Plato, Madras, 1811," but neither of these applied for con- firmation warrants, soon after the " United Grand Chapter" was inaugurated in 1817, and so were not in the list of 1823. The present No. 150, however, of 1811, the original 170, must have done so later on as it is still on the Roll, and the senior in the East Indies. The Histories of the old Lodges, so carefully written by Bro. Maiden in separate chapters, are simply invaluable, and the Appendices, (which must have involved enormous labour,) are so ably arranged, chronologically, and numerically, that any of the 69 Lodges from 1752 to 1895 can be found with perfect ease. Other tables, official and personal, are of considerable utility and importance, so that Bro. Maiden may feel satisfied that his His- tory will be often consulted, much read by students, and highly valued by all brethren who appreciate conscientious work in regard to the History of Freemasonry in Madras. Wm. jambs HUGHAN. Torquay, England, ") dlst July 1895. > PREFACE. A Local History is like a local collection of fossils. Interesting to the few who live in the neighbourhood, and profoundly uninteresting to the world in general. It may, however, happen that even in a small local collection, some expert palaeon- tologist, or world-renowned Professor of G-eology, can find some specimen of use to him in his greater work. It may be the case also, that in this little work, the collector of dry facts has hammered from the quarry of the past some things which may be found useful by the more advanced students of Masonic History. To those who inspired the writer with the idea of taking up the subject, my thanks are first due. On reading Bro. Gould's great History, the thought occurred to me, that it might be supplemented by a Local History in each of our English Colonies. A Local History which might bring to light a good deal of matter, only to be found by one who has access to records on the spot. To Bros. Hughan and Speth I also owe much, for their kind sympathy, and readiness to help with advice and information, whenever written to. To the former brother also especially, for his kind and encouraging Introduction. To Bro. Lane I owe a great deal. Had it not been for his Masonic records, I could never have satisfactorily arranged the Coro- mandel Lodges. And here I trust that the Mouse has been able to help the Lion, in the supply of local information for the second edition of his invaluable work. Bro. Sadler, the Grand Librarian, deserves a great deal of thanks, for the kind way in which he has helped me to obtain copies of the records relating to Madras Lodges, in the Archives of the Grand Iiodge of England. Our Venerable District Grand Secretary, Bro. J. T. Greatorex, must not be forgotten. By placing at my disposal the old volumes of records of the Madras Provincial Grand Lodge, he afforded me information without which the book could not have been written. To the "Wor. Masters of the Lodges Perfect Unanimity, and Universal Charity, I would also express my gratitude, for allowing me access the records of their Lodges. This little book has been a labour of love, though it has cost much time and trouble. May it prove of some slight service to the Craft in general, and the Lodges of the Coromandel Coast in particular. Mysore, \ August 1895. J CONTENTS. Page Chapter I.— The Prehistoric Lodges ... ... ... 1 ,, II. — Athole Masonry ... ... ... ... 8 III.— The Union ... ... ... ... 20 .. IV.— The Provincial Grand Lodge and the Eevolt of the Lodges ... ... ... ... 35 v.— Period 1804—1814 56 VI.— Period 1814— 1826 ... ... ... 69 VII.— Period 1826—1852 ... 87 VIIL— Period- 1862— 1867 99 „ IX.— Period 1867 to the present day ... .,.106 „ X. — Royal Arch Masonry ... ... ... 115 „ XL — Antient and Accepted Eite ... ... 120 LODGE HISTORIES. The Stewards' Lodge ... ... ... ... ... 130 Perfect Unanimity ... ... No. I ... ... 132 Carnatic Military ... .,.•% St. Andrew's Union ... ...I St. Patrick's ... ... V St. Andrew's & St. Patrick's Union...-' Perfect Harmony Social Friendship P Social Friendship Solid Friendship Unity and Friendship Strength and Beauty Unity, Peace and Concord ... St. Andrew's Union Philanthropists Travancore Union Universal Charity United Friendship II 174 III ... ... 196 IV... ... 200 V... ... 204 VI... ... 205 Vila... ... 218 VII 6 ... ... 219 VIII ... ... 219 IX... ... 226 X... ... 236 XI... ... 245 x& ... ... 247 VIII ... ... 249 V ... ... 257 A HISTORY OF FREEMASONRY ON THE COAST OF COROMANDEL PART I. CHAPTER I. PERIOD 1752-1768. CAPTAIN EDMUND PASCALL AND MAJOR MAT- THEW HORNE, PKOVINCIAL GRAND MASTERS. THIS the earliest period of Freemasonry on the Coro- mandel Coast, may be aptly described as the Prehis- toric Period. Of the five lodges warranted by the Regular Grand Lodge of England not a vestige remains. Not only are there no records in existence in India, but no returns are to be found in the archives of Grand Lodge. We have, however, a few references to them, or some of them, in other places, from which the history can be inferred. But it must be remembered that the Madras Presidency was at this time the scene of wars and all kinds of interruptions to Masonry. And it is a matter of wonder that the Craft should have existed at all amid such un- favourable surroundings. The first lodge established on the Coromandel Coast was warranted in 1752, very soon after Madras had been res- tored to the English under the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. It is described in the lists as " at Madrass " in Bast India, and was numbered 222 in the list of 1740. At the revision in 1755 it became 157, in 1770, 124, and in 1780 and 1781 101 and 102. It was erased in 1790, but its number was given to the " Stewards' Lodge," which was established about 1786 at the Revival. Who granted the warrant for this Pioneer Lodge, or to whom it was granted, it is impossible to say. It was in all probability founded by Captain Edmund Pascall, who was the first Provincial Grand Master on the Coromandel Coast. His appointment is recorded by Preston in his Illustrations as follows : — "The following deputations for the office of Provincial Grand Master were granted by Lord Blaney 10 for Madras The fifth, tenth and eleventh (Bengal, Madras and Hampshire) have been faithfully executed. The revival of the Bengal and Madras appointments has been attended with considerable advantage to the Society, as is evident by the late liberal remittances from the East Indies." Preston calls this appointment by Lord Blaney (27th February 1767) a revival. From this it would appear that Captain E. Pascall had been previously appointed. This must have been the case, for in the year 1765 he as Prov. Grand Master established three new lodges on the coast. They are described as Lodges No. I., No. II. and No. III., and were numbered 363, 354 and 355 respectively. On the re-numbering in 1781 these became 233, 234 and 235. Of these three lodges. No. I. worked at Madras and No. III. at Trichinopoly. Where the location of No. II. may have been we have been unable to discover, but possibly it was at Ellore on the East Coast. There was a lodge there of which Bro. G. Westcott was Master for many years, and which cannot be identified with any other lodge. Captain Edmund Pascall, the first Prov. Grand Master, was an officer in the Coast Army ; the date of his Com- mission in the English Infantry on the Coast being the 30th October 1751. In 1758 two battalions of European Infantry were formed, partly from the large number of deserters from the French. A garrison order by Colonel Lawrence, dated at Fort St. George, 20th October 1 758, shows that Captain Pascall was in command of the second company of the second battalion.* This is all that can be ascertained from Military Histories about B. Pascall. What steps this first Prov. Grand Master took to further the objects of Freemasonry cannot be ascertained. He appears to have appointed as his Deputy, John Call, who was appointed Chief Engineer in succession to Captain Brohier in 1757. He was granted the rank of Captain by Gr.O,, dated 24th December 1758, and took a leading part in the siege of Port St. George. He was present at the sieges of Karical and Pondicherry, 1759-61. In December 1761 he was promoted to the rank of Major and became a member of Council. During the war with Hyder, Major Call held the contract for victualling the European troops, a duty which he carried out badly, and in consequence received a censure from Government, In 1769 he retired and returned to England, in all probability with a large fortune made out of his con- tracts, as was the custom in those days. It is impossible to say on what date Pascall vacated the oflSce of Prov. Grand Master, but it was probably on his return to England. The name of Capt. H. Pascal appears in the lists as P. G. M. of Hants in 1 784, but we have been unable to identify the two. He was succeeded in the office of P. G. M. by Major Matthew Home, at that time in com- mand of the Artillery at St. Thomas' Mount. In all proba- bility this appointment is the one alluded to by Preston, as having been granted by Lord Petre (1772-1776). Major Home was Master of the Lodge No. I., 353, which met at Madras. This lodge continued to meet until it was broken up by the dissensions occasioned by the removal of Lord Pigot from the position of Governor of Madras. This event took place on the 24th August 1776. Owing to a dispute between the Council and the Governor, Lord Pigot was * Wilson's History of Madras Army, Vol. I., pp. 117, 123. placed under arrest by the Council, and placed in charge of Major Home at his residence at St. Thomas' Mount, where he remained until April 1777. He was then removed to Madras, where he died on the 10th May. A plain stone with a cross, and the words In Memoriam, inside St. Mary s Church, marks the place of his grave. *Major Home escaped trial in connection with this affair, as he merely acted under orders of his superior officers. Party spirit in Madras seems to have been very strong with reference to this highhanded proceeding on the part of the Council, and the event was the cause of so much quarrelling, that Major Home was obliged to close the lodge. As he says, "being unable to exclude either party," and hoping that time would heal the angry feel- ings. The lodge was however never revived, but its number was given to Lodge Perfect Unanimity in 17S6. The following note appears in the Grand Lodge Minute Book on the subject : — t' 'Memo., September 1790. Prov. G. L., Madras, in the return of their lodges, mention the Stewards' Lodge, and the Lodge of Perfect Unanimity, which they call Xo. 1, and both of which appear to have been established about 1786, when Masonry was revived on the coast, bnt no account of them sent home, although there had been of sub- sequent lodges, therefore in order to make the general numbers correspond with the Provincial numbers, in erasing the old Madras Lodges which had ceased to meet during the war, No. 102 has been reserved for their Stewards* Lodge, and Xo. 233 for their Lodge of Perfect Unanimity, Xo. 1, on the coast." Another lodge was warranted at Madras in 1767. It is described as "At Fort St. George, East Indies." Its numbers were 389, 323, 254 and 25-5. It was not in the Register until 1770 and was erased 9th February 1791. Lodge No. II., No. 354, as we have said it has been found impossible to locate. Lodge No. III., No. 355, worked at Trichinopoly, and it was in this lodge that the eldest son of the Nabob of the * Hisr., Madras Army, I., pp. 340, 343. (G. L. Warrant Book from Lane. M. E., p. 59.) Carnatic, Omdat-ul-Omrah Bahadur, was initiated by- Terence Gahagan. Thistookplace about 1775, and in 1776 T. Gahagan went home to England for his health. At the meeting of the Grand Lodge on the 5th of February, 1777, Brother Gahagan reported that His Highness Omdat-ul- Omrah Bahadur, eldest son of the Nabob of the Carnatic, had been initiated into Masonry at the Lodge at Trichino- poly, and professed a great veneration for the Society. " It was thereupon resolved that a complimentary letter should be sent to His Highness, accompanied with a Masonic apron, elegantly decorated, and a, Book of Constitutions, bound in a most superb manner. This apron and book cost £37-17-6. "The letter and present were intrusted to the care of Sir John Day, then going out Advocate-General of Bengal, who executed his commission to the universal satisfaction of the Society, and the following letter was by him written to His Highness as an intro- duction : " ' May it please your Highness, — The underwritten (having been honoured with the commands of the Grand Lodge of Masons of Great Britain, to convey to your Highness an apron and Book of Constitutions, as a testimony of their respect for you, and your illustrious father, the steadfast friend and ally of their Sovereign, as well as of the satisfaction they feel at seeing so exalted a name en- rolled among their order) intended to have executed the commission with which he is charged in a manner that might best answer the intentions of his constituents, and the dignity and importance of the occasion. "' It so happens, however, that the late dissensions in this Settle- ment have so efEectually dissolved the ties of amity and confidence which once subsisted amongst them, that even the fraternal bond of Masonry has been annihilated in the general wreck. " ' For this reason the lodge has so long discontinned its meetings that it may be said to be now extinct. "'In this situation of things, it being impossible to invest your Highness in full lodge, and with a splendour and solemnity suited to the dignity of your character, and the importance of the commis- sion he is honoured with, the underwritten hopes your Highness will condescend to accept (in the only manner that remains) the pledge of amity and respect from the Masons of Great Britain that accompanies this, and remains, with the most profound respect, " ' Tour Highness's " ' Most humble and devoted servant, " ' John Day.' " " His Highness returned an answer to the Grand Lodge in the Persian language, elegantly decorated and inclosed in cloth of gold, which translated is as follows : — " ' To the Eight Worshipful His Grace the Duke of Manchester, Grand Master of the Illustrious and Benevolent Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, under the Constitution of England, and the Grand Lodge thereof. "'Much honoured Sir and Brethren, — An early knowledge and participation of the benefits arising to our house from its intimate union of councils and interests with the British nation, and a deep veneration for the laws, constitution and manners of the latter, have for many years of my life led me to seize every opportunity of draw- ing the ties subsisting between us still closer and closer. " ' By the accounts which have reached me of the principles and practices of your fraternity, nothing can be more pleasing to the Sovereign Ruler of the universe, whom we all, though in difEerent ways, adore, or more honourable to His creatures, for they stand upon the broad basis of indiscriminate and universal benevolence. " ' Under this conviction I bad long wished to be admitted of your fraternity ; and now that I am initiated, I consider the title of an English Mason as one of the most honourable I possess, for it is at once a cement to the friendship between your nation and me, and confirms me the friend of mankind. " ' I have received from the Advocate-General of Bengal, Sir John Day, the very acceptable mark of attention and esteem with which you have favoured me; it has been presented with every circum- stance of deference and respect that the situation of things here, and the temper of the times would admit of; and I do assure your Grace and the brethren at large that he has done ample justice to the commission you have confided to him, and has executed it in such manner as to do honour to himself and me. " ' I shall avail myself of a proper opportunity to convince your Grace and the rest of the brethren that Omdat-ul-Omrah is not an unfeeling brother, or heedless of the precepts he has imbibed ; and that while he testiiies his love and esteem for his brethren, by strengthening the hands of humanity, he means to minister to the wants of the distressed. " ' May the common Father of all, the one omnipotent and merci- ful God, take you into His holy keeping, and give you health, peace, and length of years. " ' Prays your highly honoured and affectionate Brother, " ' Omdat-ul-Ojlrah Bahaduk. " ' Madbas, Sep<. 20,1778.'" This letter still hangs in the Grand Lodge premises in Freemasons' Hall. For a further account of our first native brother who soon afterwards became Nabob of the CarnatiCj see the history of Lodge Perfect Unanimity. Prom Sir John Day's letter it would seem that the quarrels over the Pigot affair had resulted in the closing of the Trichinopoly Lodge as well as of that in Madras. 1777 is the last date of the Madras Lodge under the Grand Lodge of Englan d . It is the fate of Pioneers to be un- known and unhonoured, but we can look back to this early period of Freemasonry, and feel sure, that in those days of battle, murder and sudden death, the Craft must have proved a great source of interest and relaxation to those who joined its ranks. In all probability many of the brethren who formed the Athole Lodge, next to be considered, were initiated in one • or other of these Prehistoric Lodges. CHAPTER n. PERIOD 1768-1786. ATHOLE MASOXRT— JOHN SYKES, PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTER. MASONRY on the Coromandel Coast was mainly repre- sented during the latter part of this period, 1768 — 1786, by the Antient or Athole Masons. Athole Masonry was very largely practised in the army, and it was by oflScersof the army that an " Antient " Lodge was established at Fort St. George. This lodge was warranted on the 5th .January 1 768 and took the number 152 on the list. It would appear that the break up of the Regular Lodge No. 353 had the effect of reviving and strengthening the rival institution. From 1776 to the Union in 1786 this Lodge 152 was in a most flourishing condition. It was joined by many of the principal Masons in Madras. It exercised the functions of a Provincial Grand Lodge in granting warrants for subordinate lodges, it built a Masonic Hall and established a charity fund. There is no record of its proceedings earlier than 1776, but it seems to have been even before then in a fairly flourishing condition. The following is a list of its officers in 1776 :— Basil Montieth, W.M. ; Alexander Dugood, S.W.; Benjamin Gourd, J.W. ; Daniel Shaw, Sec; Cottrell Barrett, Treasure)- ; William Harrison, S.B. j David Youno- J.D. ; William Angus and Michael Fennel), Members. In the year 1 776 the W. M., Bro. B. Montieth, went home to England, and took with him a letter to the Grand Lodge. In this letter the brethren regretted that, owino' to the declining state of Masonry, they were not yet able to recommend a brother for the office of Provincial Grand Master. This however was but a temporary state of de- cline, for on the 14th March 1778 another letter was addressed to the Grand Master and Grand Lodge. In this letter the brethren stated that they had received many applications from brethren residing at different " Forts, settlements, and places on the Coast of Ghoromandel and Orissa for Deputations to Hold Lodges at the several places of their Residence," but that they did not consider that under the existing warrant they had the power to constitute new lodges. They therefore asked the GrandLodge to give them authority to form new lodges on the coast. This letter was sent through Captain Robert Maw, Commander of the Duhe of Kingston, East-India-man, together with the sum of £10 for the charity fund, and was signed by William Sykes, W.M. ; David Young, 8.W. ; Joseph Smith, J.W. ; Dan Shaw, Sec. ; William Harrison, Treas. ; Will. Angus, S.D. ; Cottrell Barrett, J.B. It was dated Madras, 14th March 1778. The list of members enclosed shows that the lodge was in a flourish- ing state. There were 40 members on the books. Six only are described as inhabitants, all the rest were oflBcers in the army, or masters of vessels. Prom the following extract from the minutes of the Grand Lodge, dated 4th March 1778, it will be seen that the request was granted, and ample powers conferred : — " Transactions of the 4th of March 1778.— Brother Montieth, P.M. of No. 162 at Madras, in the East Indies, represented to the Grand Lodge the great disadvantage the Ancient Craft in that part of the world lay under for want of a proper person to undertake the busi- ness of a Provincial Grand Master and to act accordingly, he obser- ved that many bodies of Masons that were inclined to belong to the Ancient Craft, were induced to receive authority from a Provincial Grand Lodge of Moderns. Therefore humbly requested that the Grand Lodge would take the same into consideration ; upon which the Grand Lodge unanimously resolved and ordered that the Grand Secretary do forthwith make out a proper warrant impowering Bro. Montieth and two other persons (which Bro. Montieth .shou'd appoint members of Lodge No. 152) to act and transact all manner of business appertaining to a Provincial Grand Master, untill a pro- per person oou'd be found to take upon himself that office." 2 10 As a result of this application a new warrant was sent out by the Grand Lodge, and a commission was also granted by the Grand Master, constituting the Wor. Master and the Past Masters of Lodge 152 into a " Pro- vincial Grand Committee for hearing petitions and grant- ing dispensations for holding lodges to such brethren that may apply and be deemed worthy." The receipt of the above corumission was acknowledged by a letter to James Jones, Esq., Grand Secretary, dated Fort St. George, 20th April 1779. At the same time they also transmitted a copy of the proceedings of the newly-formed Provincial Grand Committee, and recommended to the Grand Master the name of Brother John Svkes, Esq., Attorney-at-Law, W. M., 152, as a suitable person to be appointed Prov. Grand Master for the Coast of Coromandel. From the proceedings of the Provincial Grand Committee we learu that the members of that committee were John Sykes, President; Basil Montieth and Ben Gourd, mem- bers. The following form of warrant was agreed upon, which was to be used whenever a new lodge was con- stituted. FORM OF WAERAXT Geanted to the Suboedixate Lodges oy the Coast of Cokomaxdel. •• To all whom io may concern, we, the Provincial Committee of the Most Ancient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons, according to the Old Institutions granted by His Boval Highness Prince Edwin at York Anno Domini nine handred twenty and sir, and in the year of Masonry four thousand and nine hundred twenty and six, in ample form assembled, by virtue of the power and authority vested in us by a connniision bearing date the twenty third day of March one thousand seven hundred and seventy eio-ht, and Masonry five thousand seven hundred and seventy eight, from the most noble Prince, John the Third Duke, Marquis and Earl of Athole, Marquis and Earl of Tnllibardiue, Earl of Strathtay and Strathardle, Tiscount of Balquider, Glenalamond, and Glenlyon, 11 Lord Murray Belveny and Gask, Heritable Captain and Constable of the Castle and Constabulary of Kenolevin, Hereditary Keeper of the Palace of Falkland, and Rt. Wor. Grand Master of the Most Ancient and Honourable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons in that part of Great Britain called England and Masonical juris- diction therewith belonging. The Rt. Wor. William Dickey, Esq. Deputy Grand Master; the Et. Wor. Robert Davy Esq., Senior Grand Warden, and the Rt. Wor. George Stewart, Esq., Jnnr. Grand Warden. We do hereby authorize and empower our trusty and beloved Brethren the Wor. A. B., one of our Master Masons, the W. C. D., his Senior W., the W. E. F., his Junior W., to form and hold a lodge of Free and Accepted Masons aforesaid at upon the Coast of Coromandel, in the Bast Indies, on the day of , and on all seasonable times and lawful occa- sions, and in the said lodge (when duly congregated) to admit and make Freemasons according to the Most Ancient and Honourable Custom of the Royal CraPt in all ages and nations throughout the known world. And we do hereby further authorize and empower our trusty and well-beloved Brethren, A. B. and C. D., with the consent of the members of their lodge tonominate,choose,andinstalltheir succes- sors, to whom they shall deliver this dispensation, and invest them with their powers and dignities as Free and Accepted Masons, and such successors, shall, in like manner, choose and install their succes- sors, &c., such installations to be upon or near every St. John's Day during the continuance of this lodge, providing the above named brethren, and all their successors, always pay due respect to this Rt. Wor. Provincial Committee or Lodge, otherwise this dispensation to be of no force or virtue. Tliis dispensation is to hold and continue in full force for twelve calendar months. Given under our hands and the seal of our Provincial Grand Committee in Madras this day of in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and seventy nine, and the year of Masonry five thousand seven hundred and seventy nine. " John Sykes, President. Basil Montieth, ] ju, -l „ Benjamin Gourd, j ^^s^o^'*' The following scale of fees was laid down : — For every dispensation .., ... Pagodaas 25 And for copy of Regulations ... ... „ 5 For renewal of dispensation ... ... „ 10 On the 17th April 1779 Wor. Bro. Montieth acquainted the Grand Committee with the fact that he had been appointed to the first battalion of the second regiment, 12 and requested that they would honour him with a warrant to hold a lodge in that regiment, wherever they may be, which was unanimously agreed to. A petition was then read from a number of brethren for permission to hold a lodge at St. Thomas' Mount. This was agreed to, and the new lodge was constituted in due form at St. Thomas' Mount on the 2oth April 1779, the following being the first officers : — Thomas Manns, TT.-lf. ; John Campbell, S.W. ; John Bromwich, J.W. The Provincial Grand Committee in their letters to England recommended strongly that Bro. John Sykes, President of the Committee, should be appointed to the office of Provincial Grand Master. In October 1779 four brethren were expelled from Lodge 152 for unmasonic conduct, and their names reported to the Grand Secretary. On the 10th of February 1 780 a return of the members of Lodge 1 52 shows a membership of 35 and a list of 15 members who had died or discon- tinued membership since the last return. The officers of the lodge in 1780 were: — Basil Montieth, W.M. ; Joseph Smith, .''. TF. ; John Leathern, J.JV. ; "William Harrison, Treasurer ; Benjamin Gourd, Secretary; William Carlile, S.D. ; Frederick Mandeville, J.D. In 1782 the Grand Secretary wrote to Brother John Sykes with respect to the exclusion from Lodge 152 of Brother Cottrell Barrett, stating that his exclusion had been confirmed, but that opportunity should be given him of apologising and being reinstated. The Grand Secretary also informed Bro. Sykes that a warrant for a Provincial Grand Lodge had been sent to him as Provincial Grand Master, for which he would have to pay £-i-6-6, and that blanks had been left for the names of the Grand Wardens. This warrant which bore the number 218, was dated 5th September 1781, but it was not sent until October 5th, 1782, as there had been some delay in obtaining the 13 signature of the Grrand Master. The new Provincial Grand Master was informed that the following were Grand Officers : — Antrim, G.M. ; Dermot, P. ; Read, 8.G.W. ; Leslie, J.G.W. ; Bearblock, G.8. ; Gallaway, G. Treasurer; Westley, 6?. Pursuivant ; Aldhouse, G. Tyler. Athole Masonry was now firmly established in Madras with a Provincial Grand Lodge, and two at least, possibly three, subordinate lodges. The lodge at St. Thomas' Mount worked well and flourished, for on the 24th Decem- ber 1783 it returned to Grand Lodge a list of 26 active members, William Lee being W.M., Richard Beck and Thomas Jones his Wardens. The death of John Sykes, however, and the Carnatic war, seem to have checked the progress of the Craft, while the difficulty of obtaining replies to communications addressed to their Grand Lodge, inclined the minds of many brethren towards a union with the Regular or Modern Grand Lodge. A return of mem- bers, No. 152, dated the 30th January 1784, shows a mem- bership of 36, and at the head of the list of casualties is the name of John Sykes, deceased. No other Provincial Grand Master was appointed, and the Provincial Grand Lodge was extinguished almost as soon as it was formed. The officers of the lodge in 1784 were : — James Amos, W.M. j George Harrison, S.W.j John Swain, /.l^. ; John Leathem, Secretary; William Carlile, Treasurer ; Hiram Cox, 8.D. ; Robert Turton, J.D. The vicissitudes to which Masons in Madras were exposed is exemplified in the above list, several of the members were entered as " In camp," and one brother. Captain Basil Montieth, an old Past Master of the Lodge, has given as his place of residence "Prisoner with Tippoo." He was probably at Seringapatain. In the letter which ac- companied the above return of members to the Grand Lodge, the W.M. and brethren expressed their regret that they had not had any reply to their communica- tion of the 4th April 1780, with which had been sent a 14 remittance of ten pounds sterling. They stated that it has been proposed to establish a " Provincial Grand Charity Fund in Madras. The letter goes on to say : ' It has been matter of greatest concern to as that we have not had it in oar power to oommanicate with the Bight Worshipfal Grand Lodge in as regular a manner as we formerly have done, and we know it is our duty to do, occasioned by the long destrnctive war which raged in this conntry, from the same canse it is that we have been prevented from acquainting the Eight Worshipful the Grand Lodge with the state of Masonry, which has been from the unavoidable dispersion of its members reduced to a very low ebb and still is greatly on the decline." ' Affairs seem to have tended more and more in the direc- tion of a union between the two divisions of Freemasonry in Madras. The following letters from Lodge 152 to the authorities in England will explain the situation : — "To the Right Hon'ble William Randal, Earl of Antrim, K.B., &c., &c. Right Worshipful Graud Master, Grand Wardens, Officers and Members of the Graud Lodge of the Antient and Hon'ble Fraternity of Free and Accepted York Masons, London : Eight Worshipful Brother and Brethren, — We have been honoured with a letter from your Secretary, dated in January 17S4, address- ed to John Sykes, Esq., Provincial Grand Master of Lodge 218, which person we with concern acquaint you is now no more, and as the warrant appointing him Provincial Grand Master never came to hand, the Grand Provincial Committee continue to exercise their authority as heretofore by virtue of your commission. From a variety of circumstances the committee have been left much at a loss as to the instruction communicated from the Eight Worshipful Grand Lodge from the Eegnlations to be observed, with the lodges constituted by them under your Commission and the proper mode of keeping a regular correspondence with you. John Leathem, late a member of this committee, was entrusted (by virtue of his office as Secretary) with the proceedings and papers relative to our affairs, but having been guilty of a misdemeanour, for which he was expelled the Provincial Grand Lodge, as will more particularly appear in their letter by this dispatch, he unwarrant- ably detains them in his hands, from which circumstance we are at a loss for precedents necessary for our guidance in matters of cori'espondence, &c., &c. We therefore request you will be pleased 16 to direct your Secretary to forward to us with all convenient speed such precedents and papers as may be useful, and therewith the last edition of the Constitution Book. The bearer hereof Brother James Anderson, Senior Warden of our Lodge No. 152, whom we beg leave to recommend to your notice, will pay any necessary expense that may be required for that purpose. We had the honour to address you last year, wherein we made a request of your permission to establish a Provincial Grand Charity Fund at Fort St. George, for the relief of distressed Freemasons in India, but we have not hitherto been honoured with any reply there- to, we now beg leave to repeat that request and shall anxiously wait your answer, which if favourable will enable us to carry into execu- tion a plan that will be attended with the most salutary effects for the good of the Craft, and increase the prosperity of our laudable profession. We cannot but express our deepest concern that Freemasonry should be unhappily divided into two different sects, by the terms of Ancient and Modern, and that their respective laws strictly pro- hibit a free communication with each other, we wish an union of the Craft could be efiected, the principles of both are the same, the difference therefore must be in their manner of conducting the busi- ness of their respective societies, which do not appear so essential as to prevent a scheme taking place that would cement the Fraternity in universal harmony, and give it more the appearance of its divine origin, than it at present bears. A lodge at the Isle of France, who during the late war alleviated the distress of many of our Fra- ternity that were unfortunately made prisoners, made overtures to us to hold correspondence with them, which would tend to our mutual benefit and advantage, but unfortunately this cannot be done by reason of the difference subsisting among the Craft, the fame of their benevolence and fraternal affection to our unfortunate Brethren has reached the remotest parts of India, and their virtuous example has been greatly instrumental in increasing the number of Brethren throughout the British settlements ; in short, the evils that attend the disunion of the Craft are many, and in Provinces remote from the mother-country, they are experienced in a degree of which the Brethren in England can have no conception. We are happy to acquaint you that since the blessings of peace have been restored to this coast, the Fraternity has flourished be- yond our expectation, and is likely to exceed our most sanguine hopes. We have set on foot a plan for erecting a Public Hall for assembling the Craft at Fort St. George, and for accommodating such soiourning Freemasons as are properly recommended or have 16 certificates. The subscriptions have been liberal on this coast ; at present it exceeds the sntn of £800 sterling ; the particulars will be communicated to you as soon as there are hopes of accomplishing the plan to our wishes. We have found it necessary to alter the establishment of our lodges. That of the Coast Artillery takes precedence of all others constituted under your commission and is registered !So. 1, and that in Fort St. George is registered No. 2, Major Mackenzie at Vieaga- patam not finding it at present convenient to assemble a lodge at that place, the warrant is erased from our register. We flatter our- selves you will approve of our proceedings. We assure yon it is our most earnest wish to act in all matters by a strict conformity to the laws of the society and such instructions as yoa may from time to time give us, and to convince you by our most antient and honour- able Fraternity. We have the honour to be, Right Worshipful Brother and Brethren, your faithful Brothers and very obedient servants, Jos. Moorehouse, President ; James Amos, Benj. Gourd, Will Carlile ; James Amos, Secretary. Fori St. Geokge, ") I7(h July 1785. ) With the above letter was sent au extract from the minutes of the Provincial Grand Lodge, Xo. 152, relating to the expulsion of Brother John Leathern. His offence appears to have been that the lodge owed him some money, and that he '' made use of means tending to lessen the credit of this lodge^ and particularly to insult them " by trying to extort a promise of payment from the W.M. and Brother Carlile. The W.M. made a loan to the lodge to enable it to pay off Bro. Leathern, but the latter was expelled after a ballot. At the time the above letter was sent^ the new lodge at Arcot, " Caruatic Military," had been opened by Brigadier- General M. Home and Surgeon T. Gahagan, and efforts were being made by those brethren to effect a union with the adherents of Athole Masonry. The idea of a Masonic Reunion between the Antients and Moderns seems to have taken deep hold of the Madras FreemasonSj and the following letter, dated 13th Septem- ber 1785, enclosing a list of members of the lodge, was the 17 last communication which the Athole Grand Lodge received. This letter was addressed to the Right Hon'ble William Randal, Earl of Antrim, G.M., and the Grand Lodge. It states : — We have been honoured with a letter from your Secretary dated January 1784, communicating the names of the Eight Worshipful Grand Master and Officers elected and installed for that year. We are concerned to find that no letter we have written, or remittancss which we have made since the year 1774 has reached you. The sum of £26 was remitted to you in the year 1780 for the use of the Grand Charity, and for registering our members' names in your books, and the further sum of £10 was remitted to you in the year 1782 for the like purposes. We had the honour of addressing you last year in duplicate, and therewith transmitted a list of our mem- bers, but the difficulty at that time of obtaining a secure remittance, and not knowing the exact sum necessary for completing the regis- ter of our members' names in the books of the Grand Lodge, induced us to wait till we received some certain advices from you on those matters. Tou will observe in our last letter we suggested to the Provincial Grand Committee the utility of a plan for establishing at Port St. George a Provincial Grand Charity Fund for the relief of distressed Freemasons and their families in India. For the increase of which the contributions usually made to the Grand Charity Fund in London were intended to be appropriated. We hope for your acquiescence to so laudable an undertaking, and doubt not but your liberality of sentiment will convince you that our motives by this request are actuated by humane and benevolent principles, and not with a view of lessening that obedience and respect that should be observed to you, by a society held under your auspices. We have herewith the honour to transmit to you a list of our members, those whose names have not already been registered, we now request may be registered in your books, and as we observe by your letter a resolution has passed in the Grand Lodge that the sum of five shillings is to be paid for registering the name of each new member, in order to increase the Fund of Charity, we have requested of Brother James Anderson, our Senior Warden, and the bearer of this letter, whom we beg leave to recommend to your favour and attention to pay the sum necessary for that purpose. Since our last return of members, John Leathem, late a member of our society, has been expelled for a high misdemeanour, we en- close you an extract of our minutes on that business, and doubt not, but our proceedings therein will meet your entire approbation. 3 18 We cannot help expressing our Uneasiness at not having been honoured with any o£ your favours (the letter aforementioned excepted) since that accompanying the renewal of our warrant and your commission for holding a Provincial Grand Committee, we have reason to suppose your letters have miscarried, and in order to pre- vent a like accident in future, we request you will be pleased to send all letters in the company's packets, addressed to Colonel Joseph Moorhouse at Fort St. George. We hope to be favoured with the last edition of the Constitution Book, with any other books or papers you may think necessary for our guidance. The letter addressed to Lodge No. 46 recommended to our care by Brother Secretary Leslie is still in our possession not having been able to find out the persons who hold that warrant, and by the best information we can obtain no antient lodge of that number assembles either on this coast or in Bengal. We conclude with our sincere wishes for your prosperity and happiness, trusting our Divine Master may direct you to enact wise and salutary laws for the government of our antient and hon'ble society, and that the lodges improving by your example in maintain- ing and teaching the virtuous principles of the institution, may increase the prosperity of the Craft in genei-al, and display to the world the excellency of our Order, and the distinguished character- istic of a Free and Accepted Mason. We have the honour to be with difference (sic) and respect. Right Worshipful Brother and Brethren, your faithful and devoted humble servants, Jos. Moorhouse, W.M. ; Saml Anderson, S. IF. ,• Tredway Clarke, J. W. FosT St. George, 7 13th Sept. 1785. 3 This letter to their Grand Lodge enclosing a list of the members of the lodge formed the last official act of the Athole Masons. Disgusted by the non-reply to their com- munications, the brethren welcomed the suggestion of Brigadier-Cxeneral Home, who had been re-appointed as Provincial Grand Master of the Regular Masons in 1786, that they should transfer their allegiance to the older body. This was accordingly done. A number of the brethren accepted office in the new Provincial Grand Lodge, es- tablished by Brigadier-General Home. The Athole warrant No. 152 was given up, and the brethren, or a large number of them obtained a new warrant for a lodge to be called 19 Perfect Unanimity. The account of the foundation of this lodge will be given a3 a separate Lodge History. While the negotiations which led to it, and the Act of Union itself will be given in tlie next chapter. Athole Masonry was never revived on the coast. The Antient Grand Lodge authorities at last woke up to the fact, that by their supineness and neglect they were losing adherents in the colonies. On the 23rd March 1797 the Grand Secretary, Robt. Leslie, sent a letter to Lodge 152 apparently under the impression that that body was still under its old allegiance. A reply to this letter was sent by John Chamier, P.W.G.M. ; B. Nixon, S.G.W., and Andrew Berry, J.G.W., on the 10th February 1798. The Antient Grand Lodge was informed most respect- fully that "for several years past the lodges at the princi- pal settlements in the East Indies have derived their authority from the Grand Master of England and his succes- sors." Athole Masonry had done its work. It had kept the Craft alive during a period of depression, but its continu- ance as a rival body to the old Grand Lodge was recognized as a mistake. The Freemasons in Madras in a very happy manner anticipated the union in England by 28 years. And the Banner of Lodge Perfect Unanimity, which com- bines the arms of the two rival Grand Lodges, commemo- rates the act of union. CHAPTER III. PERIOD 1786-1790. BRIGADIER-GENEKAL MATTHEW HORNE, P.G.M. The Union. FREEMASONRY, at least that under the Regular Grand Lodge, was in abeyance on the Coromandel Coast from 1777 to 1784. In the latter year peace was concluded with Tippu Sultan, and the brethren had time to devote them- selves again to Masonry. The two principal movers in the Revival which took place, were Matthew Home, now Brigadier-General, commanding at Arcot, and Terence Gahagan, Surgeon, once Wor. Master of old No. 355 at Trichinopoly. There had been no appointment of Provin- cial Grand blaster by the Moderns for many years, and it seems to have occarred to Terence Gtihagan that he would like the vacant post. He accordingly took steps to have a new lodge established at Arcot, and fired ofE in advance this letter to the Grand Secretary in England : — SiK, — Though I have not the honor of being known to yon, I am induced to address yon on a business wherein I flatter myself the good of the Craft is in some measure concerned, and consequently will rather meet with your sanction and aid than disapprobation and indifference. I have had the honor of being a Master Mason above twenty years and presided in a lodge in this country held and con- stituted under a Warrant No. 355, granted by our late Right Worshipful Edmund Pascal! now in England. Having had occasion to visit Europe in 1776 for the recovery of my health, I carried a donation from said lodge No. 355 amounting to 10 pounds sterlin", which I paid into the hands of Mr. Hesseltine, Grand Secretary, and by him was introduced at the quarterly meeting, when I had the honor of being publicly thanked and theldonation announced, at the same time his Highness Umdat-ul-Umrah, eldest son of the Nabob of the Camatic, was published and registered a Mason 21 having been regularly initiated by me in Trichinopoly in the aforesaid lodge, and as a mark of approbation and brotherly esteem, an elegant apron, &o., was sent out to his Highness by Sir John Day. These are leading circumstances to your inquiry about me, in order to convince you that I am no impostor, which a retrospect to the records of 1776 and 1777 will, I believe, clearly evince, should Mr. Tutt, of Tavistock Street, or Mr. Hesseltine, be out of London when this reaches. I first think it my duty to inform you that no lodge has been held in Madras since September or October 1775, and at present there does not exist the smallest vestige of a lodge there under your sanction. Secondly, I have had the misfortune to lose my warrant witVi all my baggage on the 23rd of October 1781, with Oolonel Owen in an action with Hyder Ally. Now that peace is restored, I have had many applications from a number of worthy brethren to form and establish a lodge which I cannot do, having no warrant. I have been likewise applied to from several garrisons for warrants, it having been reported that I had been appointed Provincial Grand Master from Home. I therefore request, sir, for the good of Masonry, you will be pleased to procure a warrant for me, and have it sent out by the first despatch from England, and after enquiry, if you do not think me unworthy to succeed to the station of Provincial Grand for the Coast of Ooromandel, I shall be happy to accept of it, and you may depend upon every exertion in my power for the honorable support and regular and true progress of Masonry, with a regular remittance of such dues as may become necessary, and whatever other expenses may be incurred through your exertions in facilitating so laudable an establishment which has been so long shamefully neglected by people here in whose power it was to render Masonry rather flourishing than otherwise. I give you my honor upon the word of a Mason that nothing but having the good of Masonry at heart urges me to this mode of address. Should my application meet with your sanction and assistance, I beg you will furnish me with your instructions, and a regular copy of a warrant. I have been a Surgeon on this establish- ment for upwards of seventeen years, and my character will bear the minutest scrutiny. Wishing all Brotherly happiness, I have the honour to subscribe myself. Your true and faithful Brother, T. Gahagan. 12th October 1784. My address is : — To Terence Gahagan, Surgeon, Madras. I am obliged to hurry over this letter as the Pigot Indiaman is to be dispatched in two days, and I am now 100 miles from Madras. Please to favour me with an answer by the first despatch. 22 In the above letter Terence Grahagan suppresses the fact that General Home, an old P.G.M. of the coast, was available for re-appointment. His letter must have been sent just about the time that the Carnatic Military Lodge was opened. It is curious that although in his letter to White, Terence Gahagan suppresses all mention of General Home, yet he did not venture to open a lodge without his sanction. He wrote and asked his permission, as a former P.G.M., which sanction was given. (See History of Carnatic Military, No. II.) The lodge was opened at Arcot in November ] 784, and a petition signed by Home, Gahagan and several others sent to England, asking for a regular warrant. With this petition Brigadier-General Home sent the following letter, which gives an interesting account of the reasons why JIasonry fell into abeyance in iladras. The reference to the fraternal kindness shown to those who were made prisoners of war by the French is worthy of notice : — To the Eight Worshipful Grand Master, Wardens and Officers of the Grand Freemasons' Lodge of England, held at Freemasons, Hall, Lincoln's Inn, Loadon. Right Wokshippul Sies and Brethren, — I have been lately apply'd to by Brother Gahagan and some other respectable Brethren, to authorize them to assemble and form a Regular Lodge at Arcot, where a large pare of the army on this Coast is station'd nnder my command, supposeing me authorized to do so, as the late Provincial Grand Master, and also Master of the late Madras Lodge. But which has for some years been discontinued, And I presume struck of the List of Regalar Lodges in your Books long since. As I am very desireous to countenance and encourage all in my Power so Honourable and useful a Society, {altho I do not conceive myself authoriz'd now by Virtue of this power I formerly had as Provincial Grand Master of this Coast, But which I conceive to be forfeited by so long a discontinuance of the exercise of its Functions), I nevertheless encouraged them to meet and hold a Lodge under the Direction of Brother Gahagan, who had presided for some time in a Regular constituted Lodge at Trichinopoly. He and some other Brothers assembled accordingly, and now by Brother Robinson who is proceeding to England address you, and sollcite a 23 regular Authority for the power of oontinueing them as a Lodge and to be registered as such on your Records. Here I must beg leave to account to you for the reasons of the discontinuance of the Madras Lodge, Once a very Respectable One. The Revolution in Government which remov'd Lord Pigot from being Governor of Madras was the sole cause, most of the principal Gentleman of the Settlement were members of the Lodge. But that Event occasioned such Party animosity that even the Institution and Regulations of Masonry had not sufficient Influence over men's mind as to induce them to forget that party rancour that had taken place throughout the Coast even when assembled in the Lodge, And as the Numbers on each side were both respectable, I found it expedient to discontinue our meetings not choosing to shew an improper preferance to either party hopeing time would moderate the animosity that had taken place, this did not happen so soon as I wish'd and expected, and my removeal to other Stations in course of my profession as a Millitary Man, and my absence in England for a few months, and after my return to India being captur'd by two French Erigates and sent to the Maurifcias where I was detain'd till the Ratification of Peace arrived has Occasion'd such a lapse of time that I conceive The power I held as Provincial Grand Master of this Coast is become extinct, and that I cannot Regularly fullfill the Duties of that Office without fresh authority from you. And which I should presume to Solicite was I properly qualify'd to execute its functions with propriety and abilitys. But altho I retain the greatest veneration and attachment to the Institution of Masonry, I now find myself by no means qualify'd to Preside as Provincial Grand Master and to enquire into and regulate the various Lodges on this extensive Coast many of which rec'd their Institution from our Lodge. Others call themselves Antient and correspond with the Grand Lodge lately under the Direction of His Grace the Duke of Athol. But as a Provincial Grand Master under your Sanction and authority I am pursuaded would be very usefull, and greatly tend to the good of the craft I presume to Solicite that one may be appointed, and I know of none so fully qualify'd as Brother Gahagan. Before I conclude I beg leave to observe in Justice to a very res- pectable French Lodge at the Island of Bourboun. That many of our distress'd countrymen, who had been made Prisoners and carry'd to that Island and who proved themselves to be Brothers, I'eceiv'd from them very handsome relief and assistance and those of us who did not stand in need of any in ,the Pecuniary Way Met with great attention and every endeavour by the Principal Members to 24 render our Situtation on the Island pleasant and agreeable. Some of the Gentlemen knowing I had presided in the Madras Lodge, it was on their first meeting resolv'd that the Officers of the Lodge should pay me with a visit and give me an invitation, and on my visit they complemented me with a General One and the freedom of the Lodge which I found conducted with the True principles of Masonry altho some of their rules are different from ours. I have the Honour to be with Veneration and Respect, Right Worshipfull Sirs and Brethren. Tour most obed. Humbl. Serv., Matw. Hoene, Bri.-General. Madras, ") January 16th, 1785. 5 In reply to the above letter, a patent was sent out reappointing Matthew Home as Prov. Grand Master; this was dated 20th Feb. 1786 and was granted by the Earl of Effiingham, acting G. M. for H. R. H. the Duke of Cumber- land. In 1785 the 32nd battalion of the Native Infantry at Trichinopoly mutinied and took possession of the Rock. Brigadier-General Home, who was then in command of the district, took immediate steps to reduce them to submission, for which he received the thanks of Government in G. 0., dated 2nd October 1785. In January 1786 the 13th batta- lion also mutinied and were suppressed by General Home. He was therefore too busy duing that time to do much in the Masonic line. In the year 1786, steps were taken to form a Union with the Athole Lodge at Madras. This Lodge was at that time very strong. Its members were men of social position, while its funds were in a very prosperous state. The brethren were however ready to listen to pi-oposals for peace and unity, as they were practically cut off from their head- quarters, and they could get no replies to their letters home. The following letter from Gahagan to White, G, Sec, dated Madras, October 9th, 1786, describes the submission of the Athole Lodge : — Dear Sir, I have had the pleasure to receive your letters and packages sent by Mr. Bruce, who was unfortunately drowned on the passage, neverthe- 25 less the Patent, books, &o., were safely delivered at Madras, and for- warded to me at my station at Vellore, about 100 miles distant from this Presidency. I am very happy to inform you that previous to the arrival of the Patent, I made no small exertions in bringing about a Union with a set of gentlemen here who had acted under the Patronage of that Spurious Set who assumed the Title of Ancient Masons. My arguments have at length carried conviction, and about three months ago they ofPered General Home and me uncon- ditional terms to come under our Authority, which we gladly accept- ed, but deferred the execution of it till the Patent arrived, since which General Home repaired to the Presidency of Madras, tho' 300 miles distant (from Trichinopoly), where I met him, and the Sth'instant, we visited Prov. Grand Lodge No. 152, which was composed of some of the first Characters in the Settlement, who in a very formal and awful manner surrendered their constitution of York Masons, with all their Jewels, Masonic Implements, &c., to Genl. Home and me, and solicited our Patronage nnder the G. L. of England, and on Saturday, the 7th inst., a masonic assembly was convened at a very large elegant House for the purpose of consecrating in due form the new Lodge, as well as to proclaim our Authority, which was done in ample form. *After a regular procession, we marched round the Hall 3 times with a Band of Music, and then entered in a solemn manner and consecrated devoutly and installed in due form. As the ceremony had never been performed in this part of the world, it was left to my management, and I take no siTiall share of satisfaction to my- self in finding that the largest assembly of Masonic Gentlemen, sixty and upwards, attended upon the occasion ; and were agreeably sur- prised, and extremely pleased at the ceremony. General Home has ap- pointed me his Deputy, through whom the most material of our Tran- sactions will be communicated to you, and as our stations are dis- tant from Madras, we have for the good of the Craft appointed Josias Dupre Porcher, Esquire, as Acting Grand Master of the Presidency, and beg you will recognize him as such. This is only an intimation of what we have done, in order to anticipate that satisfaction that you will more fully experience when you receive our official letter by the next January ship, but as the Ranger Packet is expected hourly to be despatched, I would not lose the opportunity of in- forming you (partly) of what we have done, so that you must excuse this hasty scrawl and take the will for the deed. I have to inform you that the second son of the Nabob of the Carnatic is a Mason, and T beg you will lose no time in recognizing him as such. His * See History of Lodge Perfect Unanimity. 26 name is Ameeii-ul-Omrah Bahadur, &c., and that you will send him an apron, &c., the same as sent to his Brother by Sir John Day, with a letter directed to the care of Terence Gahagan and Josias Dupre Porcher, Esquires, and 1 request you will mention my name in your letter. You will have an Official account of our Transactions in the ensuing January despatches. We have appointed the Grand Lodge, and installed the officers, who fill the same stations that are annexed to a G. L. except the office of Chaplain, in place of which we have appointed Major Maule, who has lately been among you, our Grand Orator. The other lodge we have styled The Madras Lodge of Perfect Unanimity No. 1. The Arcot Lodge is removed to Vellore under my management, under the Title of (Jarnatic Military Lodge No. 2, from which I will remit you 26£ sterling in January next, as a gift from my Lodge to the Hall Fund. You will likewise have a remit- tance from the Madras Lodge, and you will hear from General Home. I shall send ray two eldest sons by the Talbot Indiaman in January next, for their education. They are to be sent to Mr. Charles Price, No. 1 Snow Hill, or Mrs. Braham at Mrs. Laugley's Bloomsbury Square, and you will oblige me by calling to see them. My remittance to the Hall Fund will be on the Talbot, on which my children go. I am, dear sir, yours most faithfully, T. Gahagan. J'.ib'.— 1 beg that your next despatches for us may be sent by a person in the character of a gentleman, which 1 am told Mr. Bruce was not. I wrote Tutt to send me all the Masonic Instructions that he could procure such as with conscience might be committed to writing. There is a very clever fellow, one Preston, whose elacidations I already have; if he would send me all he can trust to paper or any other person you may know, 1 shall remit you any expense attending it. Pray, is Captain Smith's book (Use and Abuse of Masonry) worth sending me, let me have something in the lecture way. Should you not meet with a careful messenger, packets divided into middling sizes may safely be sent by the Packet from the India House, by the ships for Coast and China. I have Preston's publications already, but I want something more minute in the lecture way whicli I can improve and enlarge upon. I wish to propagate as much as possible ior our credit, as a good deal now depends upon me. Our remittances will be either by Sir Henry Cosby or Mr. IScoUuey, two gentlemen of character, and I hope they may be introduced to the G. M. 27 The above letter shews Brother Tei'ence Gahagan to be a gentleman who thought a good deal about number one. He takes to himself all the credit of having obtained the sub- mission of the Athole Masons, and advertizes himself in every possible way. His letter is in great contrast to the modest and unassuming tone adopted by General Home. The full account of the constitution of Lodge Perfect Unanimity No. I will be found in the history of that Lodge. Gahagan has in his letter quite omitted to state that it was only after very favourable terms of Union had been agreed upon, that the Athole Masons handed over their warrant. Their surrender was not quite so uncondi- tional as his letter would seem to imply. The following list of Articles of Union is still to be seen in an old letter book in the oflBce of the Provincial Grand Secretary : — ACT OF UNION, 1786. Article I. THAT the Lodge now held at Fort St. George under the Grand Lodge of England sanctioned by the late Duke of Athole, shall immediately after the ratification of these Articles surrender up their Powers and Dignities of a Provincial Grand Lodge to those from whom they derived their Authority, and shall thenceforth be incorporated with the Members of the Grand Lodge of England, over whom His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland at Present Presides. Article II. THAT the United Society shall and will at the initia- tion, passing, or raising of a Member, instruct him in the essential points which have Distinguished the two Societies. The Provincial Grand Master, his Deputy, and the Officers of the Lodge shall at their instalment take an obligation to see it duly put in Execution. Article III. THAT Brigadier-General Home, or whosoever may be appointed P. G. Master, shall act as such over all Masonic Societies upon this Coast, and the present Master of the Lodge at Fort St. George shall be appointed his Deputy, or such other person who may have passed the chair as the said Lodge may be pleased to recom- mend for that office. The other Officers to be chosen by Consent of the United Society. Article IV. THAT the Lodges established by Dispensations from the present Lodge at Fort St. George shall be enrolled in the Books of the United P. G. Lodge according to the Precedence they now hold, and shall be instructed to work in the Manner ot the said Lodge, and subject to such Rules and Eegalations as may be from time to time given them. Article V. THAT all Free Masons made nnder the Constitution of the Grand Lodge Sanctioned by the late Dnke of Athole shall, upon producing a Certificate, and being Properly es-imined, be admitted to visit the United Lodge, and may be admitted Members thereof upon obtaining the Consent of the said Sijciety, and performing such Ceremonies as may be prescribed to them. Article VI. THAT as it has been the general wish of the Members of the Lodge at Fort St. George, to establish a General Charity Fund for the relief of Distressed Freemasons in ladia, and that the Contri- butions usually made to the Grand Charity in London shall be appropriated to this Salutary purpose, the United Society shall, as early as possible, make Application to the Grand Lodge of England for leave to make such establishment accordingly. Article VII. THE Lodge at Fort St. George have, in conducting the General Affairs of the Society by means of a Grand Provincial Committee, found it a well adopted Method for Regularity and Despatch ; they, therefore, strongly recommend Application being made for a Commission to empower the United Lodge to form a Committee upon a similar plan, and to enable the said United Lodge to elect a Provincial Grand Master who is by himself or Deputy, to Preside over the said Lodge and G. P. Committee for the term of one year, but may be re-elected at Pleisure. It is presnmpd this mode may be a means to prevent inconveniences arising to the Society by a Vacarcy happening of the Provincial Grand Mastership. It will enable them to make a frequent change in that high Office, relieve Some when their Sitnation may render it inconvenient to attend such a Duty, and to appoint others who may be ambitions of having that Honour, and whose situation or rank in life may give strength and justice to the Society. Article VIII. THAT the Freemasons Hall now constructing under the Directions of the Worshipful Brother Lucas shall be appropriat- ed to the uses mentioned in the Original Scheme. But as by this Union of the Societies some of the Articles must necessarily be altered, such alterations shall be made by the Building Committee apprinted by the United Lodge, Article IX. THAT the Books of the present Lodge at Fort St. George shall be carefully kept by the United Society that reference may be had to them should need be. The Paraphernalia should be for the nse of the United Lodge if required. The Standard shall be carefully preserved but not used on any Public Occasion. A new 29 Standard is recommended for the United Lodge with some emblems or motto significant of the Union of the Lodges. Article X. THE Cash of both Lodges shall be put into the General Fund of the Society, neither answerable for any Debts formerly Contracted by the other, Except it shall be made to appear for Mutual use and benefit, and Deposited in the hands of such Persons as the United Lodge may please to appoint their Treasurer- Ariicle XL THE Union of the Two Lodges to take place as soon as possible after the Deputies from each have met, and the Articles are agreed upon for that purpose which shall be ratified and con- firmed on the first Thursday of that month if possible. The above Articles of Union seem to have been mutually agreed upon by representatives of both the masonic bodies. In all probability they were drawn up by Ool.Moorhouse and T. Gahagan. Article II is specially worthy of notice. A great many cases occurred in after years, in which Madras lodges were mistaken for Athole lodges. This arose from the fact that the Madras brethren, after the union, though in full communion with the Moderns, worked according to the method of the " Antients." Thisunion and the appointment of the first Provincial Grand Lodge by P. G. M. Home is thus described by Preston in his Ilhistratinns, p. 251 : "Another event has also taken place at Madras which must be very satisfactory to the brethren of England. The divisions and secessions which originated in London in 1738 having unfortunately reached India, by the intervention of Briga- dier-General Home, who had been appointed, by patent from the Duke of Cumberland, Provincial Grand Master on the Coast of Coromandel, an union of the brethren in that part of the world has been affected ; and the Lodge No. 152 styling themselves Ancient York Masons, has joined a re- gular lodge under his auspices, and voluntarily surrender- ed the irregular warrant under which they had formerly acted." With reference to this union and the formation of the 1st United Provincial Grand Lodge, Preston goes on to say :— "This desirable object being accomplished, and the wishes of the brethren fulfilled, the General requested their assist- 30 ancc to form a Grand Lodge, when the following officers were appointed and installed in due form : — Brigadier- General Home, Provincial Grand Master; Ter Gahagan, Esq., Deputy Grand Master ; Jos. Da Pre Porcher, Esq., Acting Grand Master; Lieut.-Col. Ross, Grand Architect ; Lient.-Gol. J. Campbell, Senior Grand Warden ; Hamilton, Esq., Junior Grand JVarden ; James Grierson, Esq., Grand Secretary; James Amos, Esq., Grand Treasurer; Lieut.- Colonel Moorhouse and Colly L. Lucas, Grand Stewards; ■Major Maule, Grand Orator ; Charles Bromley, Esq., Ch-and Sword Bearer. The account which immediately follows the above list, of the foundation and consecration of Lodge Perfect Un- animity, will be found in the history of that lodge. Unfortunately the old minutes of this first United Pro- vincial Grand Lodge have perished, the earliest records only dating from 1799. "We can however supply a few de- tails from other sources. On the IGtli Xovember 1787 a letter was sent from the Provincial Grand Lodge to Brother -Jos. Du Pre Porcher, Acting Grand Master, congratulating liim upon his recent marriage. This letter was signed by Jos. Campbell, S.G. W.; Joseph Moorhouse, J.G.W. ; George Maule, G. Orator; Ta.tr\c^Tioss, Grand Architect ; P. Spencer, G. Secretary. Brother Porcher replied on the 21st Xovember in very grateful terms. On December 17S7 a letter of congratulation on the ac- complishment of the union, was received from the Provin- cial Grand Lodge of Calcutta, which is interesting, as show- ing the state of ifasonry at that date in the sister Province. The letter begins : " Thrice Most Worshipful and thrice Right ^^'orshipful Sir, Woishipful Wardens, and Highly Respected Brothers." The letter goes on to thank the Madras brethren for tlieir letter of September 15, and for their sentiments respecting Brother Honeycomb. They desire to keep up a fraternal correspondence with Madras, 31 and congratulate the Madras brethren upon having been able to erect a Hall. They say ; — " The building of one here has often been in contemplation, but found no convenient situation, and building a hall such as the Town will require would cost a sum which the circumstances of the time will not permit being raised. However our worthy Brother, B. W. Gould, Master of Lodge No. 2, has erected on a house of his a. large hall and four other rooms, in which we hold our meetings. " It is with great satisfaction we inform you that Masonry begins again to flourish in this province. We have now in Calcutta the Stewards' Lodge, the R. W. Brother Honeycomb, Master. Lodge No. 1, the R W. Turner Macan, Master. Lodge No. 2, the R. W. B. W. Gould, Master. Lodge No. 12, composed of artificers, and two lodges amongst the lower military, and we hope that others will be established in due time." The letter concluded : — " We salute you by the secret and sacred numbers, and remain with the highest respect and greatest esteem, Tours faithful and affectionate Brothers, E. Fcnwick, P.G.M. ; Thos. Graham, D.P.G.M. ; John Miller, S.P.G.W.; Thos. Call, J.P.O.W. ; William Jackson, P.S.G.W.; John Haldane, P.G.S.B. ; J. Cheap, P.G. Secretary. Calcutta, 1 4th Dec. 1787. ) The following is a list of Provincial Grand Lodge Officers for 1788:- Brigadier-General Home ... Frov. Grand Master. Terence Gahagan, Esq. ... Beputij Grand Master. Lieut. -Col. Joseph Moorhouse ... Acting Grand Master. James Amos, Esq. ... Senior Grand Warden, William Duffin, Esq. ... J^mior Grand Warden. Pullein Spencer, Esq. ... Grand Secretary. John Chamier, Esq. ... Grand Treasurer. Lieut.-Col. James Campbell ... Senior Grand Steward. Benjamin Sulivan, Esq. ... Junior Grand Steward. Major Maule ... Grand Orator. Lieut. -Col. Ross .. Grand Architect. Members. Colly Lyon Lucas, Esq., Capt. John Hamilton, Le Chevalier de Fresne, Colonel of the Regiment of Bourbon, member by par- ticular favour. Lieut.-Colonel Collins, Colonel Eccles Nixon. 10 members 52 „ 19 19 , 35 25 , 14 , 32 With the above list a return of members of all the lodges on the coast was sent home, showing the following mem- bership : — Stewards' Lodge Lodge Xo. I Lodge Xo. II Lodge Xo. Ill Lodge Xo. IV Lodge Xo. V Lodge Xo. VI or a total membership of 1 74:. In February 1789 a letter was sent to the Duke of Cum- berland, G. Master. He was informed that the hall was now complete, and had been regularly consecrated, and was asked to send two portraits to adorn its walls, those of His Grace the Duke of Manchester and Lord Petre. The letter goes on to say : " We beg leave to inform you that a Chapter of the Holy Royal Arch has been formed from the members of the Grand Lodge." The letter is signed by J. Moorhouse, James Amos, William Duffiu, John Chalmer and six others. Soon after the establishment of the United Provincial Grand Lodge, General Home was transferred to Trichino- poly. Thereupon he wrote to England asking for leave to resign his office as Provincial Gi-and blaster. A letter in reply was received from W, White, G. Secre- tary, dated Freemason's Hall, 11th March 1789. In this letter the Grand Secretary stated that General Home's resignation was accepted with deep regret, and he had been asked to ascertain the sense of the brethren as to which brother should be appointed in his place. White suggested that a meeting of the P. G. Lodge be called to elect a new G. M., stating that the " Grand Master prefers tins method to the exercise of his undisputed pre- rogative of appointing whom he may think proper as his representative, being desirous of conferring that honour 33 upon one that he was certain would be agreeable to the brethren to have presided over chem." This wise course was probably owing to the disputes which had recently occurred in Calcutta with reference to the appointment of a P. G. M. (See Gould, Vol. Ill, p. 327.) In accordance with the above suggestion, Bro. James Amos wrote to the members of the Provincial Grand Lodge, who accordingly met and unanimously elected Bro. John Chamier, a member of the Civil Service, and an active member of Lodge Perfect Unanimity. The exact date of this appointment does not appear fi-om the records, but it must have been some time in the year 1 790. Brigadier- General Home died in December 1 789 at Woriore and was buried in the church at Trichinopoly where the following inscription appears to his memory : — SAORED To the memory of Mathew Hoene Brigadier- General in the Army of the Hon. East India Company On the Coast of Choromandel Who departed this Life on the 14th Deer. 1789 Aged 57 years. He commenced his Military career in 1 757 Under the Auspices of those Immortal Heroes Lawrence and Olive Who at an early period honored his Yirtues With their Notice & Friendship. He passed through a series of action & distinguished Service In the several gradation of Army Rank With uniform Esteem & Approbation And he attained the honorable Distinction of the Chief Command of the Coast Army Which he held with credit from Feb. to Oct. 1789. To high professional Talents he joined an enthusiastic Zeal Which peculiarly "marked his public exertions Especially in the Memorable Defence of Madras 5 34 And in the reduction of Manilla, of Tanjore At the command of the ) M. E. C. and M. W. B. T. Walter, Secy, to Universal Charity. In June 1847, the Editor of the Herald in a leading article lamented the apathy of the Provincial Grand Lodge. The following by-law of the Prov. G. Lodge by-laws of the year 1835j was taken as the text for the article : — "A quarterly communication of the P. G. L. shall he holden on 93 the respective festivals of St. John the Baptist and 8t. John the Evangelist, and in the second week of the months of March and September in every year." As no Deputy had been appointed, it was suggested that the Sen. Grand Warden, J. Binny Key, should call a meeting of P. Gr. Lodge. Nothing, however, came of this suggestion. The Independent Masonic Benefit Fund of Southern India was formally coustituted at a meeting held on the 22nd June 1847 at the Odd Fellows Hall (Dobbin's Hall), when the constitutions were drawn up and office bearers elected. The joint Secretaries were B. G-. Papell and J. G. Laurence. In this year the " George and William Lodge," No. 328, on the Register of the Grand Lodge of Scotland, attached to the 94th Regiment, was opened in Fort St. George. John Carnac Morris, late Dep. D. G. M. of Madras, was in April 1847 appointed Sen. Grand Warden of England. He seems, however, to have taken very little interest in Madras affairs after leaving India. The lodges in the mofussil appear at this time to have been entirely left to themselves with the usual unfavourable results. Lodge "Oriental Star " at Cannanore became notorious for its unmasonic practises, and a committee of enquiry was held on various complaints laid against the Wor. Master. The causes of disintegration appear to have been many, but the final result was the extinction of the lodge. The Neilgherry Lodge at Ootacaraund had also been passing through a troubled period. A want of true masonic spirit among the brethren led at last to its temporary closing, but it revived again with a change of name, be- coming Lodge " Faith, Hope and Charity." The other mofussil lodges working at this time were " Good Will, " Bellary; ''Rock," Trichiuopoly; "St. John," .-ecundera- bad; "Bangalore Cantonment" and "St. Andrew's," Kamptee. 94 On the 29th October 1849 a meeting of the Provincial Grand Officers, and the Masters, Past Masters and War- dens of the Presidency lodges, was held in the office of the Pro7. Grand Secretary, when Wor. Bro. J. B. Key, P. S. G. Warden in charge of the Province, took the chair, and the following resolutions were passed : — 1st — That a memorial signed by the masonic Bodies at Madras be sent to Lord Elphinstone, urging upon him the necessity of appointing, without delay, a Deputy Grand Master for the Province; 2nd — That a suggestion be at the same time made to the K.. W. the P. G. Master, touching the desirableness of his having a Pro. Grand Master appoint- ed, in addition to the Deputy, to represent himself, seeing that he (the P.G.M. is not likely soon to return to India. This meeting was hailed by the Freemasons' Herald as a good beginning, and an intimation of an awakened interest in the Craft. In the same month, October 1847, the Neilgherry Lodge was revived at Ootacamund. During the year 1847, Lodge " Rock," No. X., at Trichi- nopoly, under the able administration of Major W. Pitt Macdouald, attained a very high degree of efficiency. On the 27th December 1847 the brethren at Trichinopoly pro- ceeded to church, where a masonic sermon was preached by Very Wor. Brother the Kev. Bro. H. Taylor, b c.l. A collection of upwards of 300 rupees was made for the Inde- pendent Masonic Benefit Fund of Southern India. In 1848 Lodge " Armenia " in Madras, which had been for some years in a state of suspeuded animation, was revived. All the members, fifteen in number, belonged to the Armenian community. Wor. Bro. Andrew Sam was the Wor. Master. The patience of the brethren in Madras was at last re- warded, and Lord Elphinstone sent out a patent appointing Wor. Bro. John Binny Key, a P. M. of Lodge "Perfect Unanimity, " as his Deputy. The meeting of what was then called the " District and Provincial Grand Lodge of South- ern India " took place on Friday, the 26th May 1848. The 9S ceremony of installing Wor. Bro. J. B. Key was conducted by Wor. Bro. McTaggart, Wor. Master of Lodge " Perfect Unanimity " and P. J. Gr. Warden. Wor. Bro. J. B. Key addressed the assembled brethren, and " hoped this present reopening of the Grand Lodge was but the dawning beam of a bright and prosperous era in the masonic annals of the province." "There were a great many abuses to reform — a multitude of irregularities to repress, which he trusted a strict adherence to the landmarks and constitutions of the Order, aided by the ready and cordial co-operation of the lodges and the brethren, both at the presidency and in the mofussil, of which he did not entertain the slightest doubt, would enable him efEectually to accomplish." Brother Gooldeu was elected Prov. Grand Treasurer, and the following appointments were made : — Wor. Bros. J. Oachterlony, of Lodge No. 175, Prov. 8. G. W.; W. McTaggart, of Lodge No. 175, Prov. J. 0. W. ; J. Goolden, of Lodge No. 175, Treasurer;^. Wor. Bro. W. Glover, of Lodge No. 175, G. Secretary ; Wor. Bros. F. A. Reid, of Lodge No. 175, Sen. G. Beacon ; P. Anstruther, of Lodge No. 175, Jun. G. Deacon ; H. Nelson, of Lodge No. 175, 0. Sword Bearer. It is to be observed that every officer of the Grand Lodge was chosen from the privilegedLodge " Perfect Unanimity," at that time No. 175. 'I'his favouritism seems to have been taken quite as a matter of course by the members of the other lodges. The Provincial Grand Lodge having been revived, at once proceeded to business, and at th« next meeting held on the 24th June the very necessary revision of the by-laws was proceeded with. Lodge " St. John" at Secunderabad was about this period revived by Major Noble of the 40th N.I., and recommenced work with redoubled energy. One of the first acts of the new Dep. P. G. M. was to suspend the warrant of Lodge " Oriental Star," Cannanore, pending the investigation of certain matters which had been brought to his notice. 96 The 94th Regiment, to which the Scotch Lodge " George William/' JSTo. 828, was attached, was at this time trans- ferred to Cannanore, and its members were formed into a committee to iuvestigate the charges made against the Wor. Master of Lodge " Oriental Star." The proceedings terminated on the 27th September, and a report was sent to the Prov. G. Secretary. The Wor. Master was acquitted, his offence having been that he per- mitted a brother who was not an Installed Master to give degrees for him. At the meeting of Prov. G. Lodge, however, held on the 20th January 1849, the warrant of the lodge was declared forfeited, and " Orientai Star " ceased to exist. At the appointment of Grand Lodge Officers in January 1849, to the great delight of the brethren, some appoint- ments were given to members of lodges other than " Perfect Unanimity." Wor. Bro. E. G. Papell, P. M. of Lodge " Social Friendship," became J. G. Warden, and J. Maskell, P. M. of " Universal Charity," J. G. Deacon. This was a new departure, and one which went far to break down the feeling that no one could attain to Grand Lodge office who was not of sufficient social standing to become a member of Lodge " Perfect Unanimity." At the adjourned quar- terly communication of Prov. G. Lodge held in April 1849, the new by-laws of the province were minutely discussed and finally approved of. The chief event of the year 1849 was the opening of a new lodge denominated " Pilgrims of Light." This was formed by several members of Lodge " Social Friendship " and " Universal Charity ; " it obtained the number 831 and a warrant dated 5th December 1849. The lodge met in premises in the Mount Road now occupied by Lodge " Carnatic." It had not a very long life, as it was erased in 1862. At the close of 1849 Bro. Laurence retired from the editorship of the Madras Freemasons' Herald, which was continued anonymously. In the year 1849 also. Lodge " Neilgherry " at Ootacamund changed its name to " Faith, 97 Hope and Charity," and began to collect subscriptions to build a Masonic Temple. The minutes of the Provincial Grand Lodge recommence in the year 1850. In this year the Grand Masonic Charity Fund (originally started in 1818) was revived. For some years past the only masonic charity had been dispensed by the Independent Committee of Lodge " Social Friendship." A committee was appointed to draw up rules for the charity fund. It was also resolved to send the hat round for tlie testimonial to be presented to Bro. White, the veteran Grand Secretary. " Perfect Unanimity " gave ten rupees and " Universal Charity " £3 to this object. Lodge " Social Friendship " refused to subscribe. In June 1850 reports were called for as to the condition of the dormant lodges " St. Andrew," Kamptee ; " Canton- ment," Bangalore; " Good Will," Bellary, and " Oriental Star," Cannanore. Lodge " St. Andrew " was found to have had a balance in hand of some 700 rupees when it ceased to work. This sum was recovered by the Prov. Grand Lodge and kept by them for a long time. When the lodge was revived some years later, they refused to refund the money, until a reference had been made to the Grand Lodge. They were, however, told that the coin must be restored. With reference to the " Cantonment " Lodge at Bangalore, it was reported that Captain Brown of the 25th Regiment wished to reopen the lodge. Leave was accordingly given. No reply had been received from " Good Will," Bellary, or the suspended "Oriental Star" at Cannanore. In 185] the "Cantonment" Lodge at Bangalore was revived. It was, however, only an expiring flicker, for it very soon again dropped out of existence. Lodge "Faith, Hope and Charity" at Ootacamund re- quested the Provincial Grand Lodge to assist them in building a Masonic Temple. They wei'e given the usual reply, "No funds available." In 1851 Lodge "St. 13 98 Andrew," Kamptee, was revived, but " Good Will " and " Oriental Star " remained in abeyance. On the 27th December 1851 the Grand Wardenships were conferred on Colonel W. Pitt Macdonald and A. M. Eitchie, while A. J. Greenlaw became Director of Ceremonies. All these three brethren afterwards attained the highest rank in the Craft. In 1852 Bro. J. B. Key resigned his office as Dep. P. G. M. and returned to England. Lord Elphinstone also resigned (in England) his office as Prov. G. Master, and a patent was sent out by the Earl of Zetland appoint- ing Bro. R. H. Williamson as Prov. Grand Master. The ceremony of installation of the new P. G. M. was conducted by Col. Pitt Macdonald at a special meeting held in the lodge i-oom of " Pilgrims of Light " in the Mount Road on Saturday, the 6th November 1852. CHAPTER Vm. PERIOD 1852-1867, R. H. WILLIAMSON AND COL. W. PITT MAC- DONALD, PROV. GRAND MASTERS. THE first act of the new P. G. M. was to appoint Bro. J. Ouchterlony as his Deputy. Wor. Bro. Ouchter- lony was a very old member of the Prov. Grand Lodge, having been P. G. Secretary in 1834. A. Macdonald Ritchie and Col. A. J. Greenlaw became Grand Wardens. In July 1853 a reque.st was received from a Brother J. Addison of the " Plymouth " Lodge, No. 70. He must have been an inventive genius, for he stated that he had invented a Railway Signal, a Tesselated Pavement, and a Pocket Sundial. He asked for the loan of 200 rupees to enable him to patent the above articles. This request was not granted. In 1854 the winter meeting of the Prov. Grand Lodge began to be held in January instead of on St. John's Day, .18 the latter fell during the Christmas holidays. Thus was disestablished St. John the Evangelist. St. John the Baptist retained his position for many years later, but alas he too now is forgotten. Bro. J. Maskell was appointed Secretary in succession to W. Glover, who had held the oflBce for many years. An entry in the minute book of the Provincial Grand Lodge states that " A large box nailed down containing the working tools and documents of Lodge ' Oriental Star, ' Cannanore, is deposited in the building of Lodge ' Perfect Unanimity, ' Grand Lodge having no premises of its own, " 100 The lodges at this time on the register of the Prov. Grand Lodge were eleven in number : — Perfect Unanimity, No. I., working; Social Friendship, No. II. J dormant ; St. John, No. III.j working ; Oriental Star, No. IV.j suspended ; Faith, Hope and Gharitijj No. v., dormant ; Universal Charity, No. VI., working ; Pilgrims of Light, No. VII., working; Bangalore Canton- ment, No. VIII. ; Eocli, No. IX. ; St. Andrew, No. X., working ; Goodwill, No. XI., dormant. The local numbers seem to have been changed almost every year. As soon as a lodge went into abeyance, its name was removed and the other lodges moved up. On its revival, it had to take its place at the bottom of the list. On the 24th June 1854 the Prov. G. Secretary reported that he had instituted a correspondence with the P. G. Secre- taries of Bengal and Bombay, and that a mutual exchange of copies of Proceedings had been begun. The death of Wor. Bro. Edmund George Papell on the 18th June was reported. At this meeting Bro. J. T. Greatorex was ap- pointed Dep. Grand Secretary, in spite of an objection on the part of Bro. G. Snelgrove, Senior Grand Deacon, who was of opinion that such an appointment was unconstitu- tional. In January 1855 it was reported that Lodge " Good- will, " Bellary, had been revived, and was working well. This was due to Wor. Bro. A. J. Greenlaw, who invariably revived Masonry in whatever station he might be placed. The prospectus of a new masonic paper to be published in Calcutta, called The Indian Freemason' s Friend, was read, and ordered to be circulated among the brethren. At the meeting of the Prov. Grand Lodge in February 1855, it was reported that the state of Masonry in general was very bad. Only one lodge, " Universal Charity, " had paid up its dues, and only one mof ussil lodge, " Goodwill, " Bellary, appeared to be working. Bro. Maskell retired from the post of P. G. Secy., and Bro. J. T. Greatorex obtained the post. Lodge " Pilgrims of Light," after a lease of life of only seven years, ceased to exist. 101 The last meeting at which P. G. M. R. H. Williamson presided, was a special communication held on November 1858 for the purpose of iostalling as his successor Col. Pitt Macdonald. R. W. Bro. Williamson apologised for having not paid sufficient attention to the interests of Freemasonry during the past year, as his official duties called him away from Madras very often, he therefore tendered his resignation, and he congratulated the brethren on the great advantage which would accrue to Masonry from the great knowledge and zeal of his successor. He then proceeded to install Ool. W. Pitt Macdonald, who took his seat as P. Gr, M. No new lodge in the Madras Presidency was established during the regime of W. H. Williamson. Col. Pitt Macdonald's first official act was to appoint as his Deputy Bro. Arthur Macdonald Ritchie. Brothers H. J. Nicholls and W. Scharlieb became Wardens. He appointed Bro. H. Tolputt as Prov. Grand Secretary, thereby disestablishing Wor. Bro. Greatorex, to whom he oliered the subordinate office of Deputy Grand Secretary, which he very naturally declined. In June 1859 the Prov. Grand Master reported that during a recent visit to Bangalore he had assisted at the reopening of the " Cantonment " Lodge, No. 710. This ill-fated lodg-e however soon closed its doors again, and in 1862 it was finally closed. In April 1860 Wor. Bro. Sandeman from Calcutta was present as the accredited representative of the P. G. Lodge of Bengal at Madras. The formation of a new lodge in Burma, called the " Vic- toria" under dispensation, dated 6th February 1860, was reported. With reference to the opening of this lodge, Wor. Bro. Sandeman brought forward a complaint from the P. G. Master of Bengal, to the effect that Burma was in his pro- vince, and that therefore the P. G. Master of Madras had 102 no right to grant warrants for new lodges in that district. Col. Pitt Macdonald replied that he did not consider that he had infringed the rights of Bengal in the matter, and that he would await the decision of the Grand Master. Wor. Bro. Sandemau's argument was, that Pegu and British Burma were ruled by the Governor-General, and that though the military- force was composed of Madras Troops, they were actually under the authority of the Civil Government of Bengal. That the R. Wor. the P. G. Master of Bengal had had jurisdiction over the Tenasserim Provinces and Pegu since 184-7, having lodges at Akyab, Monlmein, Thayetmyo and Rangoon itself, where he believed another lodge was still in existence. He proposed, therefore, that the warrant should be with- drawn. Tlie matter was referred to England. No meeting of the Prov. Grand Lodge was held from April 1860 to April \861. At that date Col. Pitt Mac- donald stated, that he had received private information to the effect that the disputes between Bengal and Madras over the Lodge " Victoria in Burma " had resulted in his favour. The new lodge was lo be considered as belonging to the Province of Madra?;. Aiiother new lodge had been formed in March I 861, named " Emulation," at Negapatam. The Prov. G. Master reported that Masonry was flourish- ing, and that the following six lodges were at work : — " Perfect Unanimity," Madras ; " Universal Charity," Madras; " St. John," Secunderabad; "St. Andrew," Kamp- tee; "Emulation," Negapatam; " Victoria," Burma; and he hoped at the next meeting to announce that the " Rock " Lodge, Trichiuopoly, had been revived under the auspices of that worthy Mason Wor. Bro. Russell. He appointed Wor. Bro. A. J. Greenlaw as Sen. G. Warden. A very handsome Bible was presented to the Prov. G. Lodge by Bro. Barber, of the 18th Regt. N. I. Tliis Bible had been presented by the "John o' Gaunt" Lodge, 103 Leinster, to the " John o' Gaunt in the East" Lodge, 15th Regt., but as the lodge had never been constituted, it was presented by Bro. Barber to the Prov. G. Lodge. At the next meeting of the Prov. Gr. Lodge in May 1863, Col. Pitt Macdonald reported that during the past year Lodge " Rock " had been reopened at Trichinopbly. This lodge was only saved by the skin of its teeth from the fate which befell a vast number of lodges all over the world. The year 1862 was a year of pruning. The following Madras lodges were finally erased from the Grand Lodge list in that year: — "The Stewards'" Lodge, No. 94 (which had been extinct 60 years) ; " Social and Military Virtues," No. 637 ; "Honour and Humanity," No. 636; "Military and Social Friendship," No. 637; Taprobane," No. 638 ; " Corinthian/' No. 639 ; " Oriental Star," No. 619 ; " Neilgherry/' No. 622 ; " Doric," No. 664 ; " West Norfolk," No. 669 ; " Armenia," No. 085; " Banga- lore Cantonment," No. 710; "Pilgrims of Light," No. 831. Lodge " St. Andrew's, " Kamptee, and " Goodwill,'' Bellary, had a very narrow escape of being also struck off. A new lodge at the Mount had been opened iu June 1 862j and the P. G. M. granted a dispensation to open a new lodge at Bangalore. It had been found impossible to keep the " Cantonment " Lodge above water, but the new lodge, " The Military LodgOj" as it was first called, had a good start, and has managed to survive. On the 26th December 1863 Lodge " Oriental Star " at Cannanore was revived with a new warrant. The name was, however, considered unlucky, and was soon altered to " Western LStar." From and after the 10th April 1865 the minutes of the Prov. Grand Lodge of Southern India are printed, a matter of considerable advantage to the compiler of history. Some of the minutes in the antient books were extremely difficult to decipher. 104 In July 1865, at the appointment of officers. Col. Pitt Macdonald, in appointing Wor. Bro. J. T. Greatorex as P. G. Senior Warden, stated that Wor. Bro. Greatorex was, next to himself, and the Dep. P. G. jVI., the oldest member of the Prov. Grand Lodge. On St. John's eve, 23rd June 1866, a masonic procession took place to St. Matthias' Church, Vepery, where a ser- mon was preached by Bro. the Rev. B. S. Goodheart. The collection, which was given to the Vepery Parochial Schools, amounted to Rs. 2-16. It was about this period that Madras was designated a "District" instead of a Province, the term "Provincial" being reserved for the provinces in England. On the 9th July 1866 Col. Pitt Macdonald took leave of the District Grand Lodge. He informed the Brethren that the Almighty had been pleased to afflict him with a cala- mity which might result in total blindness before the close of the year. He was going to the Hills for twelve months in order to recuperate his health, before an operation could be performed upon his eyes. Bro. Macdonald Ritchie took charge of the Province. Col. Pitt Macdonald went to Ootacamund, where he very soon afterwards died, to the great regret of the Fraternity. A funeral service was held in his memory on Monday, the 25th March 1867, in the lodge room of Perfect Unani- mity. His loss was a most severe one to the cause of Masonry, as he was one of the ablest of the Provincial Grand Masters who had occupied the chair. Col. Pitt Macdonald during his tenure of office as D.G.M. granted warrants for the following lodges : — Victoria in Burma, No. 1 134, 832 ; Emulation in Nega- patam. No. 1270, 968; ifozmi. No. 1228,926; Military, Bangalore, No. 1043; Western Star, Caunanore, No. 1049; Anchor of Hope, Wellington, No. 1093. 105 The last named Lodge, Anchor of Hope, was opened by the D. Gr. Master himself while on a visit to the Hills. A fund called the Pitt Macdonald fund was raised, in order to provide the various lodges with a portrait of the late D. G. M. 14 CHAPTER IX. 1879—1884. 1884—1889. 1889—1891. 1891— PERIOD 1867-1894. A. Macdonald Ritchie, D.G.M., 1867—1875. John Miller, „ 1875-1879. Maj. A. W. 0. Saunders, Arthur Morrell Saunders, Robert Burke, Baron Connemara, Col. George Montgomerie John Moore, b.a. We have now arrived with oar history at a period where, as Bro. Gould remarks "the accuracy of the historiau becomes subject to the criticism of actors in the events he recounts." The remaining portion of the History will therefore be treated as briefly as possible, only very important events being noticed. Arthur Macdonald Ritchie, who succeeded Col. Pitt Macdonald as District Grand Master, was a Mason of great experience. He, like Col. Pitt Macdonald, had filled the chair of W. M. in Lodge Perfect Unmiimity no less than five times. On the 6th February 1867, a special communication of the District Grand Lodge was held at Chepauk, to assist His Excellency the Governor in laying the chief corner stone of the Presidency College. The stone was laid by His Excellency Lord Napier, while the Deputy District Grand Master with the rest of the District Grand Lodge, went through the ceremonies usual on such occasions. The Rev. J. Griffiths acted as District Grand Chaplain. The Architect of the building was Bro. R. F. Ghisholm, C.E. A. Macdonald Ritchie was installed as D. G. M. on the 19th August 1867 by Wor. Bro. W. M. Scharlieb. His Masonic record was as follows : Initiated in 1841 as an undergraduate in the Scientific Lodge at Cambridge. In 107 1845 he joined Lodge Good Report at Blackfriars in London and became its Wor. Master. In 1848 lie came to Madras and joined Lodge Perfect Unanimity of which he was five times Master. Also three times Z. of the Chapter School of Plato. As regards social positionj A. Macdonald Ritchie was a Barrister-at-Law and Registrar of the High Court of Madras. Bro. W. M. Scharlieb was appointed Deputy District Grand Master. The new D. G. M. appointed Wor. Bro. A. W. 0. Saunders, D.S.G.W., to visit the various lodges and report upon them. This inspection was attended with excellent results. A new lodge, called Pitt Macdonald, in honour of the late District Grand Master was opened in August or September 1867, and obtained the number 1198 on the Register of the Grand Lodge. The consecration of Lodge Pitt Macdonald took place on the 4th February 1 868 in the presence of the District Grand Lodge and a number of visitors. The Disk. Grand Master delivered an eloquent oration on the "Nature and Design of Freemasonry." The reports of Wor. Bro. Saunders on Lodges St. John, 484, Goodwill, 465, and St. Andrew, 500, were read at the meeting of District Grand Lodge held in January 1868. Lodge St. John was commended, the working of the lodge by the Wor. Master Edward Walker being reported as very good. The warrant from England had however not arrived, to the surprise of Bro. Saunders. It had, as a matter of fact, been sent out in 1836, but whether it ever reached Secun- derabad is doubtful. A warrant of confirmation was applied for. Lodge Goodwill, Bellary, did not receive a very favour- able report. Irregular attendance, Ritual imperfectly worked even in opening and closing, and an unsuitable lodge room. Bro. Saanders reported that he had no 108 opportunity of seeing any of the degrees worked. He regretted to report, however, that he had strong grounds for believing that the work of a " certain infidel writer " was in use in this lodge by some of the ofl&cers. Lodge St. Andreiv, Kamptee, received a fairly favourable report. The funds, however, were in a depressed con- dition, in consequence of brethren not discharging their bills for refreshment, and fees not being collected before admission to degrees. This is a fault which many lodges have suffered from ; it is the chronic complaint of Masonry. On the 22nd August 1868, a special communication of the District Grand Lodge was held at Bangalore, for the purpose of consecrating the Bangalore Lodge, No. 1043, which had been opened five years before, but which had never been consecrated. The Deputy D. Gr. Master, Wor. Bro. Scharlieb, delivered an excellent oration on the nature and design of Freemasonry, and the ceremony of consecra- tion was performed by the D. G. M. In 1869 the antient claim of Lodge iS^. Atidrew to the money deposited with the P. G-. Lodge 20 years before was again brought forward. This claim had been referred to Grand Lodge in 1854, but never settled. The matter was not finally settled till 1873, when on appeal to Grand Lodge the District Grand Lodge was compelled to give up the 700 odd rupees. As the D. Gr. Secretary complained fairly, the D. G. Lodge had no claim to the money of a lodge which went into abeyance and revived again, but when a lodge went into abeyance owing a large sum to the D. G. Lodge, the back dues could never be obtained on the lodge resuming work. In 1869 a scheme for a central Masonic Hall, to be used by all the lodges in Madras, was brought forward. Bro. Chisholm's plan was considered too expensive, as it would have cost at least Rs. 50,000. It was proposed to erect a Town Hall for public assemblies, the upper portion of which could be reserved for Masonic purposes, while the lower part could be used for concerts and entertainments. 109 The proposed site for this building was upon the Island, to the west of Munro's statue. It is very doubtful if Grovern- ment would ever have given such a site. Nothing came of this scheme for a Masonic Temple, nor does it seem likely that such a building will ever be erected in Madras. His Excellency Wor. Bro. the Earl of Mayo was elected an honorary member of the District, Grand Lodge of Madras. A special meeting of the District Grand Lodge was held on the 9th June 1869, when R. Wor. Bro. Macdonald Ritchie took leave of the brethren on going to England. The district was left in charge of Bro. Scharlieb, Deputy D. G. M. On the 18th June, a provisional warrant was granted for the opening of a new lodge at Ootacamund. The old Lodge Faith, Hope and Charity had been erased in 1862, so a new warrant had to be applied for. A Grand Lodge warrant was obtained, dated 24th September 1869, with the number 1285. The D. G. Master, A. Macdonald Ritchie, returned to Madras in 1870. He had while in England, attended two important meetings of the Grand Lodge, the installation of the Prince of Wales as Past Grand Master, and the installation of Lord Ripon as Grand Master. On the 4th November 1870 a special funeral service was held in memory of the late Col. A. J. Greenlaw, Past Sen. Grand Warden of England, and District Grand Master of Burma. Col. Greenlaw had been intimately connected with masonry in Madras from 1847, when as a Subaltern he wrote contributions to the Madras Freemasons' Herald. His name will ever be remembered in Burma as the founder of a Masonic Orphan Fund. In August 1871 Wor. Bro. Scharlieb called attention to the fact that the allowance to the District Grand Secretary was only Rs. 25 a month. It was unanimously resolved that the District Grand Secretary be allowed Rs. 100 a month. Brother John Miller was appointed Deputy D. G. M. On the 14th March 1872, a special funeral service was held in 110 memory of the late R. Wor. Brother the Earl of Mayo, Viceroy of India, who had been assassinated during a visit to the Andaman Islands. The service was conducted by R. Wor. Bro. A. Macdonald Ritchie, D. G. M. In August 1872 an address was sent to her Majesty the Queen, congratulating her on the recovery of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales from his serious illness. In 1872 a new lodge was opened at Secunderabad, named the " Mayo " Lodge, after the late Viceroy, and in 1873 another Lodge " Deccan " was opened at Chudderghaut. R. Wor. Bro. Macdonald Ritchie's last appearance in District Grand Lodge was on the 30th January 1874. He soon after this went to England, leaving Bro. John Miller in charge. In 1875, on the 11th December, John Miller was installed as District Grand Master in the place of A. Macdonald Ritchie. The Installing Master was Major A. W. 0. Saunders, P. D. S. G. W. The ceremony of installation had been postponed, in the hope that the Prince of Wales would be present at, or even perform the ceremony, on the occasion of his visit to Madras. H. R. H., however, was unable to do this. The brethren were also much dis- appointed because the Prince of Wales would not allow a Masonic ceremony on the occasion of laying the foundation stone of the new Harbour Works. An address was, however, presented to H. R. H. by the Masons of Madras. A Deputation consisting of the D. G. Master, the Hon. J. G. Coleman, Dy. D. G. M., John Mills, P. D. S. G. W., Walter Joyes, P. D. S. G. W., G. A. Murray, P. D. S. G. W., J. B. Cardozo, D. G. J. W., the Rev. F. G. Lys, P. D. G. C, R. W. O'Grady, D, G. Supt. Wks., and J, T. Grea- torex, D. G. Secretary, proceeded to Government House on Wednesday, the 15th December 1876, and there presented the following address : — To His Royal Highness Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, K.G-., &o. &c. &c.. Most Worshipful Grand Master of the Ancient and Hononrable Fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of England. Ill Most Worshipful Sir, — We the Freemasons of the District of Madras, iu offering to your Boyal Highness our most heartfelt welcome, desire to make known our full sense of honour which has been done to Madras, by our having in it the presence of the Head of our Craft, and to pay the homage due to your Boyal Highness as our Most Worshipful Grand Master. Tour Boyal Highness, versed in the memorials of Masonry which are to be found in the architecture of England and foreign Europe, will be interested to see further evidence of its antiquity and influ- ence in the varied archseological remains of this country, over which so many tides of conquest have swept. We trust that this visit to India of your Boyal Highness, the most distinguished of all the illustrious members of the Boyal Family of England who have presided over us as Grand Master, will have the effect of stimulating private research and increasing the knowledge of the science of Freemasonry in India. We rejoice in this opportunity of expressing our loyalty to the Boyal Family, and more especially our devotion to, and affection for Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. We look forward also with much confidence to the pleasure with which Her Majesty, Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales, and the other members of the Boyal Family will hear of the incidents of Your Royal Highness' progress through this country of many creeds and many races inter- laced one with another, and peacefully acknowledging the suzerain- ty of the august Empress of India. Your Boyal Highness will, we feel certain, find pleasure in relating to Her Majesty the impressions caused by the sight of those seas of men, women and children, to whom the memory of welcoming your Boyal Highness will be the proudest satisfaction of their lives. It remains for us to express a hope that the great architect of the Universe will watch over Her Boyal Highness the Princess of Wales, and bring this visit of your Boyal Highness, which has been so gratifying to India, to a happy termination. We have the honour to be, etc. H. R. H. received the deputation very graciouslyj and replied to the address as follows : — "District Grand Master and Brethren, — I thank you for your address, and for the assurance it conveys of the prosperity of the Craft in this part of Her Majesty's Empire. " I will gladly convey to the brethren in England your assurance that the study of the earlier achievements and science of Frema- sonry is here encouraged, along with the practice of that charity and brotherly feeling which bind together the fraternity through- 112 out the world. I thank you heartily for your good wishes for my- self and the members of the Royal Family." After this H. R. H. shook hands with the D. G. M., and the Deputation withdrew. The above mentioned address was enclosed in a very handsome carved ivory Corinthian Pillarj which was con- tained in a sandalwood box. In 1876 Major A. W. O. Saunders succeeded J. G. Cole- man as Deputy D. G. M., Wor. Bro. Coleman continuing to act as District Grand Treasurer, an office he had already held for 14 years. In 1877 a new lodge was opened at Palamcottah near Tinnevelly, called Southern Gross, which obtained the num- ber 1758. The first Master was the Eev. Thomas Adamson. On the 2nd March 1878 R. W. Bro. John Miller died, and a special communication of the D. G. Lodge was held on the 6th April to hold a funeral service in his memory. The service was conducted by Major A. W. 0. Saunders. Another special communication was held on the 16th May bo select a brother who should be recommended to the M. W. the Grand Master for the chair of D. G. M. On this occasion the Bangalore brethren brought forward the name of Dr. J. Balfour Cockburn. The majority, however, were in favour of Major A. W. 0. Saunders, who was duly elect- ed. His appointment as D. G. M. was confirmed by the M. W. the G. M., and he was installed on the 19th March 1879 by Wor. Bro. J. T. Greatorex. The new District Grand Master appointed Wor. Bro. G. A. Murray as Deputy, and announced the formation of new lodges at Mysore and Cocanada. The labter lodge was named Coromandel, and its foundation was due to the energy of Wor. Bi'o. the Rev. J. B. Sayers. On June 1879 was formed the Madras Masonic Institution, an association to educate the children of indigent and deceased Freemasons. This institu- tion, which has done so much good woi'k, was at once accord- ed support by the leading members of the Fraternity, and rules were drawn up and a committee appointed. It was also 113 resolved that a Madras Freemasons' Hall Assoeiation be formed, to acquire and furnish a hall for the accommodation of the Disftrict Grand Lodge and the lodges meeting at the Presidency. This seems to have been the last effort made to obtain a suitable meeting place for the Madras Lodges. In June 1 879 a Board of General Purposes was formed for the first time in the histoi-y of the district. The Deputy District Grand Master, G. A. Murray, was appointed as the first President. In January 1880 reports were read on all the lodges in the district. A new lodge, Prudeniia, at Negapatam, had just been added to the list. In July 1880 the meeting of the District Grand Lodge was held at Bangalore, in the Cubbon Rooms. The District Grand Master stated that as the experiment had proved successful, he would annually hold a meeting under the banner of one of the mofussil lodges. It does not appear, however, that this resolution was ever carried out. The formation of a new lodge in Madras, named John Miller, took place about October 1879; and Wor. Bro. J. G. Coleman, Past Deputy District Grand Master, was the first Master. In 1880 the By-laws of the District Grand Lodge were revised and reprinted. The Revised By-laws came into effect from the 1st January 1882. On the 13th February 1882 a telegram was sent to Her Majesty the Queen to congratulate her on her recent escape from the hands of an assassin. In December 1882 a valedictory address and a testimonial consisting of a piece of plate was presented to Rt. Wor. Bro. Col. A. W. 0. Saunders, who was about to retire. In 1883 Col. R. H. Cunliffe presided over the District 15 114 Grand Lodge as Deputy. Bro. J. G. Coleman resigned the office of Grand Treasurer, which he had held for 21 years. A new lodge Garnatic was established in 1883. This lodge was founded for Native Masons. Col. Cunliffe re- marked : " I trust its members will bear in mind the necessity of keeping a high standard of efficiency, and of working in strict accordance with our constitutions, and of carefulness in selection of members." A special communication of the District Grand Lodge was held on the 19th May 1884, and Wor. Bro. Arthur Morrell Saunders was chosen as a nominee for the office of District Grand Master. He was installed on the 25th October in the presence of about 100 brethren by Wor. Bro. J. T. Greatorex. In 1886 a new lodge named Kerala was opened at Calicut. In this year also Major G. M. J. Moore became Deputy District Grand Master, and he ruled the district until the appointment of Lord Connemara. The installation of His Excellency Lord Connemara, G.C.I.E., Governor of Madras, took place in the Banquet- ing Hall, Madras, on the 24th November 1888. There were present 40 members of the District Grand Lodge and about 150 others. The installation was conducted by Col. G. M. J. Moore, and the brethren adjourned after- wards to a banquet, at which about 200 were present. In 1890, a new lodge Pandyan was established at Madura. In 1891 Lord Connemara retired, and Col. G. M. J. Moore was appointed and installed as District Grand Master. "Fadeee et Reliqione Tenemue." CHAPTER X. ROYAL ARCH MASONRY ON THE COROMANDBL COAST. THIS Chapter does not pretend to be a history of the Royal Arch on the Coast of Coromandelj but is merely inserted to give an account of the early history of the degree. It is probable that the Royal Arch Degree was worked in connection with the lodges in Madras, at all events from the latter part of the last century. No records how- ever exist, though from the prevalence of Athole Masonry prior to 1786 it is highly probable that the degree was well known and worked. In a letter to the Grand Lodge of England from the Pro- vincial Grand Lodge of Coromandel, dated February 4, 1789, the Grand Master was informed : " We beg leave to inform you that a Chapter of the Holy Royal Arch has been formed from the members of the Grand Lodge, the proceed- ings of which Chapter will be forwarded in one of the ships now under dispatch." The earliest actual minute refer- ring to the Royal Arch is in the Minute Book of Lodge Perfect Unanimity, dated 4th March 1 790. " Bead a letter from the Cosmopolitan Lodge at Pondiqherry acquainting us of the zeal they have demonstrated for the Royal Art by promoting Brothers Robson and Griffiths to a high degree. " Agreed that a letter be written to Cosmopolitan Lodge at Pondi- cherry expressive of our attention for the regard they have demon- strated to Brothers Griffiths and Robson, and further as a mark of our attention that we have referred their letter to the lodge of the Royal Arch." We see from the above extract, that there was a Royal Arch Chapter in connection with Lodge P. U. almost 116 from the date of its foundation. It was however many years before a Royal Arch Chapter was regularly warranted on the coast. About the year 1809, 2 Chapters were established in Madras : Benevolence No. 1 and School of Plato No. 2. Herbert Compton, who became Provincial Grand Master on the death of Terence Gahagan in 1814, was the first Grand Superintendent of Royal Arch Masonry. The follow- ing letter from M. E. Comp. Samuel Newman, Grand Re- corder, to H. Compton, will explain the state of affairs : — " Most Ex. Oomp., — By the circular which I hand you herewibh you will observe that I have succeeded Comp. Foulston as Grand JBecorder, it falls to my lot therefore to reply to your communication of the 16th March 1811... Tour Packet arriving during the Recess, it could not be laid before the Grand Chapter till the 10th December last (their first meeting) on which day the contents having been read, the warrants for the Chapters of Benevolence and School of Plato were granted and ordered to be forwarded to you, with blank dates, that you might fill them in with those of your dispen- sations, and agreeably to this vote o£ the Grand Chapter I here- with hand you the warrants, and subjoin you a statement of the charges thereon. " At the same Chapter it was also resolved ' That the thanks of the Grand Chapter be presented to Comp. H. Compton, Grand Superintendent for the Presidency of Madras, for his exertions in the cause of R. A. Masonry, more especially in promoting and diffusing the same in his superintendency of Madras ' " I request you will have the goodness to make known to the two Chapters the pleasure the Grand Chapter feels in the accession of so many respectable and eminent characters to their Order, and their sense of the liberality displayed in their Donations and Registrys remitted, and acquaint them with the pleasure the Grand Chapter will feel in learning the continual prosperity of their Chapters. " I was in hopes to have sent you this parcel by Comp. Jebb, but unfortunately could not get the warrant signed in time by H. R. Highness the Duke of Sussex, our 1st Grand Principal. Captain Pitcher is kind enough to take charge of it to Bengal, and should he not meet with yourself there, will put it iu a train to be forward- ed to you, without loss of time. Though from an opinion given by Mr. Jebb I am inclined to hope Captain P. will find you at Bengal, in which case I crave your attention to him, as a Noviciate in our Order. 'I 117 " TJnd0r the impresBJon that you were about to reside in Bengal, Comp. Jebb has taken out two Patents of Superintendency, the one appointing you to the settlement of Bengal, the other in his own favour for Madras, but should this exchange of your Superintendency not take place, or any other arrangement be made between you and Comp. Jebb, I shall be glad to be informed. I enclose the form of a petitjgin, &c., &c. (Signed) Samuel Newman, 51 Wbstmobeland ") Omnd Recorder." Place, City Boad, Uh May 1812. From the above letter we notice that tihe two Chapters, Benevolence and School of Plato, were actually warranted on the 10th December 1811, though probably they had worked for some time previously. Chapter School of Plato which still exists, was formed by members of Lodge Perfect Unanimity. Chapter Benevolence appears to have been formed by members of the Provincial Grand Lodge. Shortly after Herbert Compton had sent to England the account of the foundation of Chapters Nos 1. and 2, a third was formed in 1811 by the brethren who were members of Lodge Carnatio Military, No. II. This Chapter was named St. George, No. 3, and met in the Port. The first meeting was held on the 7th April 1811, and the Chapter continued to meet regularly until July 1814 when a junction was effected between St. George, No. 3, and Benevolence, No. 1, the members uniting under the older warrant. The old minute book of the St. George's Chapter still exists, but it contains very little of general interest. The first Principals were : — James Graves, Z. ; William Magge, if. ; Henry Reid, J. The grammar and orthography of the minutes point to a not very high social standing on the part of the Scribe, at all events. In the minutes of the first meeting occurs : " Most Excellent Companion John Burden, one of the Principals of Bene- volence, No. 2, was requested to become an honorary mem- ber of the Chapter." This was a mistake, as Benevolence is elsewhere always referred to as No. I. The meetings of the Chapter were held at first on Sunday eveuings. The 118 day was afterwards changed to Saturday. The members of the Chapter were all members of the Carnatic Military Lodge, No. II. The practice in admitting as a joining member one who had been previously exalted, was after the ballot, " to pass him over the antient ground." On the 21st July 1811, it was " Resolved upon unanimously that all business of a nature which is not serious and solemn, relating to this most excellent degree, be settled in a P. M. Lodge at every meeting previous to opening the Chapter." On the 2nd January 1812, an oflBcial visit was paid to the Chapter by H. Compton, G. Superintendent, who occupied the 1st chair and delivered a lecture on the degree. There appears to have been considerable divergence in the manner of communicating the Royal Arch Degree, for in May 1812, we read, " In consequence of visiting Companion J. Mc- Daniel having been instrumental in enlightening (to a considerable degree) the Companions of the Chapter, it was unanimously agreed that he should receive the benefits, and be made acquainted with the mysteries of Our Royal Arch Chapter. Companion J. McDaniel acknowledged with gratitude the offer tendered him, and accordingly was taken over the ground." The Chapter seems to have begun its meetings with no proper warrant to work under. In January 1813, a letter was addressed to H. Compton, G. Superintendent, asking for his written authority to hold the meetings of the Chapter. The reply to the Chapter, in Compton's own writing, is pasted into the minute book with wafers. In his letter he states : — " For the meeting of the Chapter until a regular warrant shall be received from England, I have already granted a dispensation, but if the same be not in writing, let this serve and be considered a suflB.- oient authority." A verbal dispensation does not indeed seem authority enough to us in these days. The regular warrant arrived very soon after. On the 27 th May 1813, we find the oft-repeated tale. 119 Ex. Gomp. Fraser " with regret had learned that several Companions had neither paid their quarterly dues for some length of timOj nor even for their exaltations." In July 1814, the St. George's Chapter united with Benevolence, No. I, and on an election of oflScers taking place, the following Principals were chosen : — William Fraser, Z. ; John Heal, B., \ Gilbert Laird, /. ; W. Urquhart, jB. ; J. Murray, iV. The last minute in the old book is dated Fort St. George, 13th August 1814. There were 20 brethren present, among whom was M. E. Companion Jebb, who delivered a lecture. How long Chapter No. I, Benevolence, continued to meet, we have no means of ascertaining. School of Plato seems to have worked steadily, with fortunes varying with the Lodge of Perfect Unanimity to wbich it is still attached. It may fairly claim to be the oldest Colonial Eoyal Arch Chapter now on the roll of the Grand Chapter of England. CHAPTER XI. ANTIENTAND ACCEPTED EITE IN MADRAS. THE Anfcient and Accepted Rite does not seem to have been established in Madras at a very early date. Probably some isolated brethren received the degrees from time to time, but the order never received the attention which was paid to the degree of Knight Templar. In 1839 the first Rose Croix Chapter was opened in Madras. John Carnac MorriSj the active and enthusiastic Master of Lodge Perfect Unanimity, had taken the degree, while several members of Lodge Armenia, Armenian merchantSj were also Rose Croix knights. Whence these brethren had obtained the degree it is impossible to discover, but they determined to found a chapter in Madras. There was no warrant to work under, as the Supreme Council of the 33° for England had not been established. The following are the minutes of the first meeting which was held on the 2nd August 1839 :— " In the name of the Holy Trinity, At a meeting of the knights of the Sovereign Chapter of Rose Croix. Present : Sir Knights John Carnac Morris, Most Wise ; Varden Seth Sam, 1st Knight ; Eleazar Seth Sam, 2nd Knight; Paul Melitus, Grand Expert; Stephen Lazar. " After the Sovereign Chapter was opened in due and antient form, the Most Wise announced to the Sir Knights present the object of the meeting. That it was to admit a certain number of candidates into the Sovereign Chapter in order to enable the Masons in Madras to establish a Chapter of that degree, which proposition being put to the Sir Knights present, and all assenting to, the 1st Knight was desired to admit the following candidates: Major John James 121 Underwood, Dr. D. S. Young, Coemo Richard Howard (Merchant), Alexander Inglis Cherry (Madras O.S.), Surgeon William Middle- mass, John Binny Key (Merchant), James Ouchterlony (Merchant), Captain John Bower, William McTaggart (Merchant), Captain God- frey Webter Whistler. The candidates were admitted to a partici- pation of the Sublime and Sovereign Degree of Rose Croix. No other business being on hand, the Most Wise closed the Chapter with Prudence, Intrepidity and Justice, and the Sir Knights de- parted in the true Christian Faith. "Valley op Madeas, 2nd August 1SS9." All the above ten candidates were members of Lodge Perfect Unanimity, at that time at the height of prosperity. Each candidate had to fill up a paper, on which the following questions were asked : — 1. Your Name ? 2. Profession? 3. Profession of faith ? 4. Degree of Masonry received ? 5. What is tlie wish of your heart ? To this last question most of the candidates replied " to be made a Rosicrucian," a mistake sometimes made at the present day. The next meeting of the Chapter was held on the 27th December 1839, when the following twelve candidates were admitted to the Degree : John Lord Blphinstone, Governor of Madras, Alexander Duncan Campbell, C.S., Alexander Maclean, C.S., John Henry Wilkins, Attorney, Charles Martin Teed, Barrister, John Thomson (Merchant), Lieut, the Honorable G. P. C. Graves, Walter Elliot, C. S., Colonel William Monteith, William Serle (Lawyer), Joseph Pugh (Merchant)j and Captain James Macdonald, The above brethren were also, without exception, members of Lodge Perfect Unanimity. Lord Elphinstone in his paper of questions describes himself as John Elphinstone, Profession, military. He had taken the Royal Arch Degree. What was the subsequent history of this Rose Croix Cha3)ter we have been unable to ascertain. It seems to have been working as late as 1850, but to have fallen into abeyance soon after that date. 16 122 In 1847 there were three Rose Croix Chapters working in Madras. They were attached to the three Craft Lodges, Perfect Unanimity, Social Friendship, and Universal Charity. The Brethren of Perfect Unanimity continued to confer the degree of " Chevalier Prussien " or the Chivalric Orders of Prnsse and Harodin. This degree, which is now the 21° of the A. and A. Rite, had been established in 1840 by a brother named Dodd. The Rose Croix Chapter of Lodge Social Friendship was in a flourishing condition at this time. In 1847 J. Ross was M. W. S. On the 9th November 1847 J. G. Laurence was elected and installed in the chair, and appointed the following officers : — Sir Kt. Comp. T. 0. Moore, 1st Knight; Comps W. Clarke, 2nd Knight; 'E. G.P&peU, Grand Chancellor; C.Fisher, Qrand Expert, and Warden. The following note appears in the Madras Freemasons' Herald on the subject : — " This beautiful degree, owing to the great paucity of working members is at present in ii very inefficient state in this Province. This is a great pity, and it ought not to be. We would suggest that a General Convocation of all Knights of this Degree, whether attached or unattached, be held as soon as practicable ; and measures taken for the constitution, and establishment of one Grand Convocation or General Council for Southern India, which in our opinion would be quite enoagh for all the legitimate purposes of the Order; for be it remembered that in Europe and America, this Degree and those above it are not conferred promiscuously on any one who can pay for them, but on a very limited number only, of the most meritorious and distinguished members of the Fraternity. We trust this suggestion of ours will receive the serious consideration it deserves." Nothing was done however, to amalgamate the various chapters, and the Order continued in a semi-dormant state. In 1848 only one meeting was held, at which Bro. Laurence was re-elected M. W. S. of his chapter. In 1850 two members joined the Order, and Comp. J. Dickson became M. W. S. Soon after this the various chapters appear to have gone into abeyance, and the degree became almost extinct. 123 It was not until 1 869 that a warrant was obtained from the Supreme Council of the 33° for England to establish a regular conclave at Madras. The opening of this chapter was due to the masonic zeal of Col. A. J. Greenlaw, a most enthusiastic and energetic Mason. The other brethren who took part in the opening of the chapter were : — Major Harvey Tuckett Duncan, 18°. Joseph Dawson, 18°. Horace R. Spearman, 18°. The following is an accurate account of the ceremony of constituting, dedicating, and consecrating the " Coro- mandel" Chapter of the Holy Rose Croix of H.". R.". D.'. M.-. at Madras, on the 3rd November 1869 : — The brethren met at the " Coromandel " Chapter Rooms, Madras, at 6 p.m. M. W. Sov. Colonel A. J. Greenlaw, 31°, addressed the Brethren as follows : — Brbtheen, — Tou are all aware of the very pleasing duty that has called us here this evening —to establish the Ineffable Degrees in Madras. " Some years back the 18° was worked by two of the Lodges in Madras, I think in ' Perfect Unanimity ' and ' Pilgrims of Light,' but without, as far as I can discover, any warrant from a Supreme Grand Council of the 33°. " The degree has now long ceased to be worked in Madras. " On my arrival from Burmah, where I had inaugurated the ' Leeson ' Chapter under a warrant from the Supreme Grand Coun- cil 33° for England and Wales, I made every inquiry regarding these Chapters, and found that even the working had been incorrect. " A large number of worthy brethren, your.selves included, signed a petition for a Rose Croix Chapter, and requested me to use my influence to obtain a warrant from the Supreme Grand Council 33° for England and Wales, with the view to the establishing of this high degree in Madras. I therefore made the necessary application, forwarding the petition to the Grand Secretary General in London, at the same time soliciting that if the warrant be granted he would lose no time in forwarding the same. I also informed him that from the Social and Masonic character of those desiring the degree, I felt sure the names sent would meet with the approval of the 124 Supreme Grand Council, and that the ' Coromandel ' Chapter pro- mised with such worthy brethren to be a great success. " The Grand Secretary General who is now the Grand Treasurer General, a brother ever ready to assist brethren in such cases, to the utmost of his power, has forwarded to me a dispensation em- powering me to open and establish the ' Coromandel ' Chapter, stating that the Supreme Grand Council will forward the warrant a twelvemonth hence, if the Chapter be carried on to the approval of the Council, and to the satisfaction of those who join. "This dispensation empowers me to confer the degrees from the 4th to 18th inclusive upon a sufiBcient number of worthy and quali- fied brethren, dispensing with the usual rites and ceremonies, so as to enable me to constitute, dedicate and consecrate the ' Coroman- del ' Chapter of the Holy Rose Croix of H.". R/. D.-. M.". " This dispensation is necessary owing to the difficulty that must exist of obtaining a sufficient number of Perfected Princes to inaugurate this high degree out of England. " It is, you will, I think allow, a great day in the annals oE Free- masonry in Madras, that we are now in a position to establish the Ineffable Degrees under the authority of a lawful and properly acknowledged Supreme Grand Council of the 33° of the Ancient and Accepted Rite — the Supreme Grand Council of the Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of the 33° for England and Wales. " Those now present upon whom I am about to confer this very high degree I have selected solely from their Social and Masonic position and character ; Brethren who are well known to the Masons of Madras as magnates and rulers in the Craft ; who. have worked well, and whose zeal and fidelity are an earnest of their future endeavours for the success of this new degree ; and who have expressed their willingness to do their best to carry on the Chapter satisfactorily and in such way as would meet with the entire approval of our Supreme Grand Council. It is, therefore, with confidence and after much consideration that I have made my selection . " 111. A. W. O. Saunders, 18°, who aided me in establishing the ' Leeson ' Chapter in Rangoon, is most opportunely passing through Madras, and has again kindly come to my assistance ; this with the help of 111. Bros. Joseph and Coulthrup, enables me to confer the degrees upon you with the usual rites and ceremonies, and which I shall now proceed to do. " 111. Bro. Saunders will first read out the dispensation giving me authority to open the ' Coromandel ' Chapter." 111. Bro. Saunders then read out the dispensation from the Su- preme Grand Council of the Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of 125 the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Rite for England and Wales, empowering Colonel A. J. Greenlaw, 31°, to form the " Coro- mandel" Chapter of the Holy Rose Croix of H/. R.-. D.-. M.-. 18^ in Madras, and appointing Bro. Colonel Greenlaw, 31°, to be the first Most Wise Sovereign of the same. 111. Bro. Colonel Greeulaw, 31°, then conferred in the usual manner the degrees 4° to 17° inclusive on the follow- ing Brethren : — W. Bros. Scharlieb, W. Fraser, J. T. Greatorex, J. MoL. Miller, J. S. Branson, J. Mills, W. Joyes; Bros. J. Grose, J. B. Cardozo, and W, H. Bartlett ; W. Axelby as serving Brother. The M. W. Sov. then, assisted by 111. Bro. A. W. O. Saunders, conferred upon these Brethren the 18° in full form. M. W. Sov.—" I shall now constitute this ' Ooromandel ' Chapter of the Rose Croix of H.". R.*. D.'. M.-. by nominating and appointing its officers for the ensuing year. The following were then appointed : — B. and P. Bro. Scharlieb High Prelate. W. Fraser 1st General. " I purpose appointing Bro. J. Miller as 2nd General, but he being on duty, his investiture will take place at our next conclave." E. and P. Bro. T. J. Greatorex Raphael. „ J. MoL. Miller Grand Marshal. „ J. Grose Treasurer. „ J. B. Cardozo Recorder. „ J. S. Branson Captain of the Guard. „ J. Mills Herald. W. Joyes Almoner. „ W. H. Bartlett Organist. Bro. AxelbyCS. B.) Equerry. " I now declare this ' Coromandel ' Chapter of the Holy Rose Croix of H.*. R.-. D.-. M.*. duly constituted. The ceremony of Dedication and Consecration was then performed, after which Col. Greenlaw addressed the brethren as follows : — " 111. Companions,— The establishment of this high degree of the Rose Croix of H.*. R.'. D.". M.". in Madras under lawful authority is now a fact. The success of the Chapter must now rest with you whom I have chosen to form the Chapter and to be its first officers"' 126 chosen solely in the belief that you are the most likely to ensure that success. " I heed not say that I have the utmost confidence in each of you ; that confidence is formed from your well-known zeal, ability, and earnestness in Masonry, and I feel sure that you wiU assist me and cordially unite for the good of this new Kose Croix Chapter, and that you will ere long be ready to assist in perfecting Brethren in the most efficient manner, with credit to our ' Coromandel ' Chapter. " For my own sake too, I trust to your best endeavours, for of course as the founder of the Chapter in Madras, its want of success would be attributed to me. With such Brethren, so many worthy Masons, success ought to be, and I feel confident, will be certain. " There is much that I hope for in the opening of this high degree. I trust that it will go far to extend Brotherly Love, andthat the com- munion of so many high Masons from each Lodge will conduce to a more intimate union of all the Masons in Madras. This is very much needed, and you who are now so intimately associated in the bonds of fraternal affection wiU, I hope, exert yourselves to create a more brotherly feeling in and between the different lodges. " Let me enforce upon each of you, that you are bound to be most particular as to whom you admit to this Princely Order, to have especial regard to their Social and Masonic bearing, and that none be received but those who are free from every vestige of unfriendly feeling towards every member of the Order, and particularly of this Chapter. More necessary is it that every candidate for this high honour have a sacred regard for our holy religion. Those only should be deemed eligible who reverence the Almighty Father and God of all, and our Great Emmanuel, and who are ever ready and determined to obey the divine command He gave to " Love one ANOIHEE," for this is the fulfilling of the law. " In conclusion, let me beg of each of you seriously to contemplate the duties you have imposed on yourselves in regard to your feelings towards your fellow man, and how very sacredly you are bound one to the other in this degree, and further that you should feel your- selves more than ever solemnly obligated to live godly lives. Let the world see by your correct and modest demeanour that as mem- bers of this high degree you bring credit to it and to Masonry. Let the world learn and believe that to be a Prince Rose Croix is to be the surety that you are a good and a religious man. " Let then your light so shine before men, that they seeing your good works, may glorify our God ; and remember that to whom much is given much will be required of. " May our Great Emmanuel bless and strengthen us in all our lawful undertakings, and be with us all, now and ever. Amen." 127 The 3rd point was then observed with all solemnity, and the Chapter was closed, the Brethren retiring highly pleased with the degree, at 8 p.m. On the 23rd January 1871, in consequence of the death of 111. Bro. Greenlaw, A. MacDonald Ritchie was elected and installed as M. W. S. by special dispensation. He was succeeded by John Miller in 1873. The meet- ings now began to be held at very irregular intervals. On the 14th December 1874, J. T. Greatorex was installed as M. W. S. From that date the Chapter went into abey- ance until 18th October 1887, a period of 18 years. Since its revival, however, it has been working steadily, and is now (1894) in an excellent state of efficiency. The follow- ing brethren have held the office of M. W. S. since the re- vival in 1888 :— G.M.J. Moore ... ... ... 1889 F. H. D. Pinsent F. Dunsterville H. Bradley T. A. Taylor W. T. Newitt 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 Another Rose Croix Chapter, " Golcondah," No. 51, was opened at Secunderabad in 1873. The Chapter worked at intervals until 1882, when it went into abeyance, and has not yet been resuscitated. As, however, the warrant has not been returned to the Supreme Council, it is possible that the Chapter may be revived at some future date. PART II. LODGE HISTORIES. Containing the Histories of the following ' old Madr Lodges warranted before the Union : — The Stewards' Lodge, 1786. Perfect Unanimity, No I. , 1786. Camatic Military, ^ St. Andrew's, VI., St. Andrew's Union, >» II. 1784. St. Patrick's, St. Andrew's & St. Patrick's Union,^ Perfect Harmony, 5) III. 1786. Social Friendship, J) IV., 1787. ? ff V. 1787. Social Friendship, »J VI. 1787. Social Friendship, )J VII, 1789. Strength and Beauty, )> VIII. 1795. Unity and Friendship, ») VII. 1803. Unity, Peace and Concord, H IX. 1798 St. Andrew's Union, 1> X. 1799. Philanthropists, »» XI. 1801. Travancore Union, t» XII. 1806. Universal Charity, )» VIII., 1811. United Friendship, )» v.. 1812. 17 LODGE HISTORIES. THE STEWARDS' LODGE. 1786—1800. THIS lodge obtained the number (102) of the old lodge established in Madras in 1752. See note on page 4 from Grand Lodge minute book. It was composed mainly of Grand Lodge OfficerSj on the principle of the Grand Stewards' Lodge in England^ and like that lodge was placed without a number at the head of the list. In the first general return of members sent home in 1788, the following brethren are entered as members of this lodge : James Amos, PuUier Spencer, Thomas Cockburn, James Campbell, Colly Lyon Lucas, Charles Carlile, Lawrence Bowden, Benjamin Torin, Andrew Berry, Francis Johnson. Nearly all the above had been members of the Athole Lodge 152. The next return is dated Freemasons' Hall, 26th December 1789, and is signed by H. 0. Michell, Secretary of the Stewards' Lodge. The officers of the lodge were : Oolly Lyon Lucas W.M. Charles Carlile S.W. Lawrence Bowden JW. George Sulivan Martin Treas. Henry Chichly Michell Sec. George Best S. Steward. JoknNelson /. Steioard. Members. — Thomas Cockburn, Lieut.-Col. James Camp- bell, Benjamin Torin, Francis Johnson, Andrew Berry, Robert Croker, Neal Campbell and George Chalmer. The oldest member of the lodge was C. L. Lucas (the first W. M. of Pei'fect Unanimity) who had been made a 131 Mason in November 1 766. The foundaition of the lodge appears to have taken place in December 1786. Lucas and Cockburn are described as " Roja.] Avoh," all the rest as Master Masons. The lodge met at Freemasons' Hall, Madras, on the first Tuesday of every month. No other return from the lodge appears until February 10th, 1796, when the following list was sent to England: Andrew Berry W.M. PaulBose S.W. Val Connelly J.W. Daniel Ince Sec. George Ohalmer Treas. R. Croker The lodge appears to have gone into abeyance soon after this, and in 1801 Bro. Chalmer reported that it had ceased to meet, and handed over to P. G. L. the balance of its funds, amounting to 81 pagodas 25 fanams. At a subsequent meeting in 1803, the jewels of the lodge were handed over to Lodge Perfect Unanimity. In spite, however, of this decease, the Stewards' Lodge was retained on the lists, and at the renumbering after the Union in 1898 it became 117. It seems to have been the practice from time to time for ceremonies to be carried on in the District Grand Lodge. In a letter from G-. Sec, B. Harper, to the P. G. Sec, dated April 1822, we find We cannot help noticing that the Brethren have fallen into an error, no doubt unintentionally, of making Masons in the Provin- cial Grand Lodge, it is deemed unconstitutional. We have, therefore, registered the names as returned, so initiated, under the number formerly granted to the Brethren of the Stewards' Lodge, No. 117. Probably on this account, and because it was supposed that the lodge was still in existence, the Stewards' Lodge escaped erasure in 1 832, and was retained on the list, this time with the number 94. It was finally erased in 1863, after having been extinct for sixty years. 132 PERFECT UNANIMITY, No. 1. 1786 to peesbnt time. Present Number 150. The history of this lodge is in effect the history of Free- masonry on the Coromandel Coast. It has always been from its foundation, not only first in rank, but remarkable for the high position and distinguished character of its members. Other lodges have risen and fallen, but Perfect Unanimity at this date maintains its position as No. 1 on the Coast. It is the one solitary lodge on the Coast of Coromandel, which has had no break in its continuity from the day of its foundation. Every other lodge has had periods of suspended animation. But Lodge Perfect Unani- mity can prove from its records an absolutely unbroken chain of evidence, to show that from 1 786 to the present date, there has been hardly a month without a regular meeting. There are not very many lodges even in England which can show so good a record. Lodge Perfect Unanimity, which will be referred to for the future as Perfect Unanimity, or as No. I., the number which it has always held upon the Coast, can claim an earlier origin even than 1 786. The lodge was the result of the union which took place in 1786, between the Athole Provincial Grand Authorities under Col. Joseph Moorhouse, and the Regular Masons who acknojrledged the leadership of Brigadier- General Matthew Home, and his able Lieutenant Dr. Terence Gahagan. The Athole Lodge No. 1 52 had been founded on the 5th January 1 768 and an account of it will be found in the General History. It had for many years been the sole representative of Masonry on the Coast, and it was in 1786 in a very flourishing condition. It had for several years exercised the authority of a Provincial Grand Lodge, and one of its Masters, John Sykes, had actually been appointed Provincial Grand Master. The last return of members sent home to the Athole Authorities shows that just before the union the lodge had a roll of 53 members, more than half of whom 133 were oflBoers in the armyj while the rest were captains of vessels, or merchants of good position. This list of members will be found in the Appendix. The revival of Regular Masonry by the opening of Lodge Carnatic Military in 1784, and the difficulty of maintain- ing relations with a Grand Lodge who would not reply to their communications, disposed the minds of the brethren of 152 to enter into relations with General Home on the subject of a union. Articles of Union were drawn up and mutually signed, and the Athole Warrant given up. The brethren then requested General Home to allow them to form a new lodge, to be called Perfect Unanimity, which was granted. The circumstances are related by Preston in his " Illus- trations of Masonry," and as they are of great interest they are here reproduced from that work. Preston states that " The divisions and secessions which originated in London in ] 738 having unfortunately reached India; by the intervention of Brigadier- General Home, who had been appointed by patent from the Duke of Cum- berland, Provincial Grand Master on the Coast of Coro- mandel, an union of the brethren in that part of the world has been effected; and the Lodge No. 152, styling them- selves Ancient York Masons, has joined a regular lodge under his auspices, and voluntarily surrendered the irre- gular warrant under which they had formerly acted." He then goes on to relate how Brigadier-General Home formed his Provincial Grand Lodge, many of the members of which were selected from the late Athole Lodge. But to continue the history as related by Preston. After the formation of this first Provincial Grand Lodge, " A pro- posal was made that a new lodge should be formed at Madras under the name of Perfect Unanimity, No. 1. This was unanimously agreed to, and the Provincial Grand Master giving notice that he should perform the ceremony of consecration on Saturday, the 7th of October, 1787, in commemoration of the union which had been so amicably 134 formed on that day, requested tbe proper oflBcers to attend on the occasion. Accordingly on the morning of the day appointed, upwards of fifty brethren assembled at the house on Choultry Plain, in which the public rooms were held, and at half past eleven o'clock the ceremony commen- ced. After the preparatory business had been gone through in Grand Lodge, a procession was formed and marched three times round the lodge ; after which the business of consecration commenced, and was completed in a manner suitable to the solemnity of the occasion. Several old Masons who were present declared that they never saw a ceremony conducted with more dignity and propriety. The following brethren were then installed officers of this new lodge, viz. : — Colly Lyon Lucas, Esq., Master; PuUier Spencer, Esq., Senior Warden; George Eobert Latham, Esq., Junior Warden ; John Robson, Esq., Treasurer; George Maule, Esq., Secretary. At two o^ clock tlie brethren sat down to an excellent dinner, which had been provided by the Grand Lodge ; and many masonic and loyal toasts being drunk, the day was concluded with that pleasing festivity, harmony and good fellowship which has always distinguished the society of Free and Accepted Masons." The date 1787 as given by Preston is incorrect. It should be 1786. This can be proved from an extant letter from T. Gahaganto White, Grand Secretary, dated Madras, 9th October 1786, which is given in the General History. In a footnote Preston gives a full statement of the procession which took place at the consecration of the lodge. It was as follows : — Two Tylers with drawn swords. Music. Brothers Elphinstone and Moorhonse, Grand Stewards, with white wands. Brother Gillespie, as youngest apprentice, carrying the rough stone. Apprentices two and two. 135 Fellow crafts two and two. Master Masons two and two. Brothers Latham and Robson as Secretary and Treasurer of the new lodge. Past Master. Brother Taner carrying a silver pitcher with corn. Brothers Gomond and Goree carrying pitchers containing wine and oil. Brothers Home and Horsman carrying two great lights. Choeistees. Brother Ross, Grand Architect, carrying the polished stone. Brother Donaldson (36th Regiment), as Grand Sword Bearer, carrying the sword of state. Brother Grierson, Grand Secretary, with his bag. Brother Amos, Grand Treasurer, with his staff. The Lodge covered with white satin carried by four Tylers. The Worshipful Brother Lucas, as Master of the new lodge, carrying the Bible, compasses and square on a crimson velvet cushion, supported by Brothers Dalrymple and Chase, Asst. Stewards. Brother Sir George Keith carrying the silver censer. Brother Maule, Grand Orator. Third great light carried by Brother Gregory. Brothers Campbell and Hamilton, Senior and Junior Grand Wardens, with their columns and truncheons. Brother Porcher, acting Grand Master. Brother Sadlier as Chief Magistrate. Brother Sir Henry Cosby carrying the Book of Constitutions. Brigadier- General Home, Provincial Grand Master, supported by Brothers Howley and Harris, Assistant Stewards. From the above we notice that in the last century either the sun was not as hot as it is now, or that our antient breth- ren had much stronger constitutions. To have a meeting of Prov. Grand Lodge at high noon, to march in procession (possibly this was indoors) and to sit down to an excellent dinner at 2 p.m. is an example which very few of the de- generate Masons of the present day would care to follow. 136 About 20 members of the old lodge 152 were among the founders of Perfect Unanimity, while several who were absent at the date of consecration joined the lodge after- wards. The first officers of the lodge were, according to the above extract. Surgeon Colly Lyon Lucas, W.M. Pullier Spencer, S.W. George Robert Latham, J.W. John Robson, Treas. Major George Maule, Secretary. Other brethren of the lodge who were present at the consecration and who took part in the procession were : James Amos, O. Treasurer ; Jos. Du Pre Porcher, Actg. G.M. ; Lieut.-Col. J. Campbell, S. G. Warden. Bros. Horsman, Sir George Keith, Dalrymple, and Boss, G. Archt. ; Moorhouse, G. Steward, and probably many others whose names are not mentioned. The lodge appears to have begun to work at once, but the earliest minutes are not preserved. The first record is dated 22nd January 1789, rather more than two years after the conseci-ation. As the office of W.M. was held for six months, we cannot tell who succeeded Bro. Lucas in the chair. But it was in all probability Bro. P. Spencer, as a gold medal was after- wards voted to him. In December 1 888 Brother James Amos, the Prov. G. Treasurer, was placed in the chair, and in the minutes of the 22nd January 1789, we find present : The Worshipful Master, Brother Amos ; Bro. Bowden, S.W. ; Bro. Torin, J. W. ; Bro. Martin, Treas. ; Bro. Inglis, Secretary; Bros. Moorhouse, Woolf, Lucas, Porcher, Maule, J. Campbell (Q. M. G.), N. Campbell, Johnson, De Vaux, Best, Corner, Berry, Ahrenchild, Mitchell, Chalmers. The other brethren who were not present were Bros. Colt, Goard, J. Campbell (19th Dragoons), Cockburn, Boss, Dix- on, Bamsay, Croker, Dalrymple, Chamier, Baird, Baker, and Sir George Keith. The last named brother retired from the lodge on the 5th February. The old minute book is well written and in a very good state of preservation. 137 In a general return of all the lodgefj on the Coast sent home in 1789 we find Perfect Unanimity with a roll of mem- bers numbering 52. General Home and T. Gahagan are returned as members. The lodge met on the first and second Thursday in each month. On the 19th February 1789 the E. W. P. G. M. Home paid an official visit to the lodge, and received an oration from Bro. Maule, Grand Orator, to which he made a suitable return. On the 2nd of April 1789 a letter was read from Bro. Mehiel of Pondicherry, introducing an address from the Lodge Triple Hope of the G. 0. of Prance at the Mauritius. This old document with its seal still intact is pasted in to the cover of the minute book. The following is a translation of the document. Dated the 18th day of October 1788 :— To the Honour and Glory of the Great Architect of the World. In the name and under the auspices of the Lord Grand Master. The B. Lodge the Triple Hope constituted in the Bast of the Isle of France, assembled in an open lodge of the High Degrees. To the Lodge of Perfect Unanimity in the Bast of Madras assembled in their open lodge of the High Degrees. Desirous of fastening more and more the ties which unite us to you, by the firm Bonds of Brotherly Affection, we avail ourselves of the earliest opportunity to send you the enclosed table containing the names of our Brethren who are adorned with the High Degrees, and who are members of this Lodge. We have requested our worthy and beloved Brother Mehiel to express to you in the warm language of afiection the sentiments of our minds. Intreating that you will favour them by your kind acceptance and to be assured that they never can admit of diminution. Accept from us Dear Brethren the solemn assurance of a Brotherly reception to all those amongst you who may visit our Lodge. Grant the same to those of ours we beseech thee. And be assured that we are making the sincerest vows for your happi- ness and the prosperity of your lodge. We greet you dearest Brethern by the tokens and signs that are known, and with the sincerest regard we remain, Your affectionate and Devoted Brethren, Signed by the Officers and Members of the Lodge of Triple Hope in the Isle of France. 18 138 Greneral Home had been (some years previously) a pri- soner of war at the Isle of France, and had been most hospi- tably treated by the brethren of the lodge there. A committee of three brethren was appointed to carry on a correspondence with Lodge Triple Hope. There are frequent allusions in the minutes to the fraternal correspondence which was kept up between English and French MasonSj even at a time when France and England were at war. On the 4th June 1789 Brother William Mitchell was elected W. M. for the ensuing six months. At the same meeting Brother Poroher delivers into the lodge a gold medal which had been voted to Brother Spencer at a meeting o£ the lodge in August 1787, but owing to the dilatoriness of the artist has not been finish- ed before this time. Brother Spencer being now absent at sea for the recovery of his health, ordered that it do remain in the hands of the Treasurer until his return. Pullier Spencer above referred to was an Attorney-at-Law, and one of the members of the old Athole Lodge, No. 152. He was the first Senior "Warden of Perfect Unanimity and evidently (from this minutej had acted as Wor. Master. On the 18th of June 1789 Bro. Robert Anderson, another member of the " old Lodge, No. 152," was balloted for as a joining member. He was commander of the Greyhound Packet, and had probably been absent from Madras at the time of the change of constitution. On St. John's Day, 24th June 1789, General Home, P. G. M., visited the lodge and installed Bro. Mitchell. A gold medal was voted to the outgoing Master, Brother Amos. This practice of presenting a jewel to the outgoing Mas- ter appears to be a very antient custom, in this lodge at all events. On the 2nd July 1789 Brother Gkamier "passed round a lecture in the first degree." He was a very energetic Mason and succeeded General Home as Prov. Grand Mas- ter. On the 17th September 1789, Brother Gabagan, Deputy P. G. M., as a visitor from the Carnatic Military Lodge, was received with the honoara of Masonry. On the 1st October 1789 a letter was read from the Cosmopolitan Lodge at Pondicherry, informing the lodge of their consecration under constitutions from the great Bast of France, and requesting a continuance of that correspond- ence already established between both places of work. The Worshipful Master proposed that a suitable answer be returned. This was agreed to. On the 5th November a letter from Bro. Robson, dated Pondicherry, was read, acquainting the lodge that he had delivered to the Cosmopolitan Lodge a packet which had been committed to his care, and further mentioning in the warmest terms the very cordial and brotherly reception he had met with. Frequent allusions in the minutes to the Cosmopolitan Lodge at Pondicherry, show that at this period the French had a very strong lodge, and that the utmost goodwill and friendly feeling obtained between the two constitutions. On St. John's Day, 27th December 1789, Brother Joseph Moorhouse was installed as W. Master. He had been W. M. of Lodge 152 in 1785 and President of the Athole Provincial Grand Committee. He was one of the founders of the lodge and took an active interest in it until his death. The manner in which elections took place at that date is interesting. The Wor. Master in the chair invariably proposed as his successor Brother Senior Warden. The brethren of the lodge then put forward another candidate, and the votes of the brethren present were takep. The Brother who received the greatest number of votes was then proclaimed as Wor. Master elect. He then took the chair, and proceeded to nominate some brother as Senior Warden. Another ballot decided who should occupy that position, while further ballots were taken for the Junior Warden, Treasurer arid Secretary, The inferior officers only were appointed by the new Worshipful Master. 140 On the 4th March 1 790 it was reported to the lodge that two of the brethren, Bros. Robson and Griffiths, had been advanced " to a high degree." It was agreed that A letter be written to the Cosmopolitan Lodge at Pondicherry expressive of our attention to the regard they have demonstrated to Bros. Griffiths and Bobson, and further as a mark of our atten- tion that we have referred their letter to the lodge of the Soyal Arch. There was, therefore, a Royal Arch lodge attached to Perfect Unanimity in 1790, and perhaps earlier, though a regular warrant was not obtained for it until about 20 years later. W. M. Joseph Moorhouse, being obliged to go on active service, resigned his chair in March J 790. He subsequent- ly met his death at the storming of the Pettah Gate in Bangalore on the 7th March 1791 and was interred with military honours. On the 7th April his death was reported to the lodge, and is thus recorded in the minutes : " Brother Worshipful communicates to the lodge the death of our Brother Lieut. - Colonel Moorhouse, who was killed in the gallant assault of the Pettah of Bangalore on the 7th March last." A vote of sorrow at the loss of so valuable a member was passed. The following extract from Wilson's History of the Madras Army (Vol. II., page 205) narrates the circum- stances under which Moorhouse lost his life : — Early on the morning of the 7th March 1791, H. M.'s 36th, the 26th Bengal Sepoys, a detachment of Artillery and a party of Pioneers, all under Colonel Cockerell, advanced against the Pettah, a fortified town. Although some delay and loss was caused by the want of scaling ladders, the stormers effected an entrance, and established posts over a considerable part of the place, but before the enemy could be entirely dislodged they were reinforced by several thousand chosen troops who renewed the contest with much resolu- tion, and it was not until after severe fighting that they were finally driven out with the loss of about 2,000 men killed and wounded. The loss of the British amounted to 129 killed and wounded. Lieutenant-Colonel Moorhouse, of the Madras Artillery, a very 141 gallant and valuable officer, highly respected throughout the Army^ was killed on this occasion. He was lamented by Government as an officer whose long, active and zealous services deserved the highest praise, and he was interred in St. Mary's Church, Fort St. George, at the public expense. The following inscription may be seen on tlie south wall of St. Mary's Church, Port St. George, where a marble monument was erected to his memory : — By Order of the Court of Directors of the East India Company. To commemorate the distinguished services of the late Joseph Mooehousb, Esq., Lieut. 'Colonel of the Ooast Artillery, who was killed at the Attack of the Pettah Gate of Bangalore On the seventh day of March Anno Domini MDCCXCI. The monument represents Britannia seated and placing a laurel wreath on the head of the deceased hero. William Henry Chichly Michell was elected to fill the chair left vacant by the death of Col. J. Moorhouse. The lodge meetings in April 1790 were changed from the 1st and 3rd Thursday to the 1st and 3rd Wednesday of every month. This alteration took place to enable Bro. Chamier to attend. He was not, however, able to give the brethren his instruc- tive lectures for very long, for in the same year he was transferred to Masulipatam, and was obliged to take leave of the lodge for some time. When he returned it was as Provincial Grand Master. On the 4th August 1790 Brother Spencer's death was reported, and a vote of condolence sent with the gold medal above mentioned to his widow. On the 5th January 1791 a letter was read from the lodge of " Les Amis Reunis " lately constituted by the Cosmopolitan Lodge at 142 Pondicherry. On the 16th March 1791 Brother Collins (afterwards acting P.G.M.) joined the lodge from the Car- natic Military Lodge. The lodge finances were at this time in an exceedingly flourishing condition, the balance in hand on St. John's Day, 24th June 1791, being 340 pagodas. In January 1792 the Veteran Brother Amos took leave of the lodge on his departure to England. On the 16th February Brother Miller, Deputy Provincial Grand Master of Bengal, pi-esented the lodge with two books, one " The Constitutions," the other "Illustrations of Masonry." Brother Gahagan, Dep. P. G. M., again visited the lodge officially on the 16th March in the same year. Oa the 6th November 1 792 we find the first mention of a clerical brother, "The Eev. Brother Kerr balloted for aod admitted an honorary member without being subject to the payment of fees or lodge dues of any kind." Chaplains were evidently more thought of in those days than they are now, for soon after he had joined Perfect Unanimity, we find the Worshipful Master informing the lodge, that " it was the intention of the Grand Lodge to appoint the Reverend Brother Kerr, Grand Chaplain, and to attach to the office a salary of thirty Pagodas. P.M. ! To enable the Prov. Grand Lodge to pay this monthly salary the lodge increased their monthly dues by the required sum. This brother, the Rev. Richard Hall Kerr, D.D., was a great supporter of Masonry in his time. He was Garrison Chaplain of Fort St. George from 1796 to 1802 and after- wards built the Church of St. Mark's, North Black Town, and was the first incumbent of the new district. He died in 1808 and was buried in St. Mark's Church, where his grave, and a large monument to his memory may be seen. A por- trait of him hangs in the vestry of St. Mark's Chnrch. He became W. Master of Perfect Unanimity in 1799 and was in that year appointed Provincial Junior Grand Warden. He 143 also held the office of Provincial Grand Secretary from 1803 to 1805. But to return to the old minute book. The lodge haa been from its foundation a liberal supporter of Masonic charity. On St. John's Day, 27th December 1792, the sum of 100 S. Pagodas was voted to the "Royal Cumberland Free- masons' School," lately established in England. The Dep. P. G. Master, Brother Porcher, undertook to remit the same. On the 7th March 1793 the officers of Lodge No. V. were admitted as visitors, and suitably welcomed. This is the lodge whose name is unknown ; it is described in Lane's M. R. as Trichinopoly, No. V., No. 421 in 1792. It ceased working very soon after this^ but was apparently working in Madras in 1793, from the above entry. In April 1793 Bro. Kerr, Prov. G. Chaplain and Acting Secretary, was transferred to the Northward, and took leave of the lodge for a time. A Lodge of Emergency was held on the 30th August 1793, when Brother De Le Tang, late W. M. of the Cosmopolitan Lodge at Pondicherry, was present and elected an honorary member. " Brother De Le Tang after returning his thanks for the honour conferred on him, begs leave to express in the warmest terms the thanks of the Cosmopolitan Lodge for the very generous manner in which they remembered the unfortunate Monarch Louis the 1 6th on last St. John's Day, and assures the lodge that words are inadequate to the task imposed on him by his brethren, of declaring their gratitude for such a mark of Humanity and Benevolence." This minute shows that French Masonry, at all events in the colonies, was in sympathy with the monarchy, rather than with the leaders of the Revolution. War had already been declared (1st February) by the National Convention of France against England, and accordingly Pondicherry was besieged by the British under Col. Brathwaite, and after two days fire, the place oapitulated on the 22nd August. 144 The lodge lost another prominent member at this siege of Pondicherry, Lieut.-Col. George Maule, Provincial Grand Orator, who had been W. M. in 1791. At the September meeting the Wor. Master, Bro. Linley, referred in feeling terms to the loss the lodge had sustained in Brother Manle's death. The lodge was placed in mourning for two months. About this period we begin to notice complaints in the minute book about the Nabob of the Carnatio. Omdat- ul-Omra Bahadur had been initiated by Terence Gahagan in Trichinopoly in 1776, but he does not appear to have acted . up to his Masonic obligations. At this same meeting, at which Col. Manle's death was reported, it was represented to the lodge that through the inattention of the Nabob, "our worthy Junior Warden, Brother Goard, is suffering every kind of distress with his numerous family." It was resolved that he should receive a pension from the lodge until he could obtain his dues from the Nabob. Brother Goard was one of the oldest Masons in the lodge, having been initiated in the Athole Lodge 152 so far back as 1774. On the 27th December 1793 a very distinguished soldier, Bro. Chalmers, was placed in the chair for the third time. Bro. Sir Eccles Nixon, Dep. Prov. G. Master, returned to the lodge. On the 28th May 1794 Bro. Goard's death was reported. The lodge behaved very generously to the widow and four children of this old and respected Brother, who were left totally unprovided for. The Rev. R. H. Kerr, Pro. G. Chaplain, undertook himself to provide for the eldest boy, while subsequently some relations in Bengal took charge of two of the other children. The Nabob seems to have treated Bro. Goard very shab- bily, for we find Bro. Kerr " adverting to the just demands of our late brother upon the Nabob Omdat-ul-Omra Bahadur, proposes that a letter be addressed to His Highness in the name of this lodge, calling upon him as an English Mason 145 to have some regard to the wants of the family of a Brother who, though afflicted by poverty, was eminently distinguished by the purity of his actions." This letter was sent on the 24th June. No answer having been received from the Nabob, it was proposed on the 7th August that a deputation be sent to interview His Highness. Bros. Porcher and Hamilton undertook the difficult business of extracting coin from an Eastern Potentate, and Wednesday, the 27th August, was fixed for the interview. Nothing came of it, however, except vague promises from the Nabob that he would see what he could do. In November of the same year Bro. Porcher laid before the lodge a petition from the orphans of Capt. Joshua Smith, " who from the inattention of the Nabob to the just claims of their deceased father are suffering the severe affliction of poverty." This shows that the conduct of the Nabob to Bro. Goard was not an isolated case. The lodge did what they could for them, and again attacked the Nabob for his unmasonic conduct. The fol- lowing entry in the minute book shows what they thought of him : " With respect to the claims of our late Brother on the Nabob, experience has shown that the solemn obliga- tions of a Mason, and the admonitions of lodge, have weighed little with His Highness, in the payment of a just debt to the orphans of a faithful Brother and Servant." Eepeated applications having been made by the lodge, the matter was referred to the Provincial Grand Lodge, who were equally unsuccessful in their attempts to induce Brother Omdat-ul-Omrah to behave as a Mason. Some years after this, Terence Gahagan brought out with him from England a letter from the Prince of Wales to the Nabob. But history does not relate whether even this letter had the effect of bringing Omdat-ul-Omrah back to a recognition of his duties as a Freemason. The French Revolution had by this time exercised such a 19 146 disturbing effect upon society in general, and had caused such a general upheaval of revolutionary sentiment in all the countries of Europe, that the Grand Lodge of England were induced in February 1793 to present an address to King George III. expressive of their unshaken loyalty to the throne. Copies of this address (which is given in extensoin Preston's Illustrations) were sent to the various lodges in foreign parts. And we learn from the minutes of P. U. that on the 3rd July 1794 the W. M. informed the lodge that he had received from the Grand Lodge a copy of an address lately presented by the Grand Lodge of England to his Majesty in the name of the whole fraternity of British Masons, upon the extraordinary situation of public affairs in Europe, expressing their attachment to the British Constitution and firmest allegiance to his Majesty. This address was read in open lodge on the 18th July 1794. Brethren in those days were more rigidly dealt with than they are now, in matters of masonic etiquette. In October 1794 Brother Kerr was censured for leaving Madras without saying a proper farewell to the lodge. At the same meeting Bro. Linley laid before the lodge the thanks of the General Committee of Governors for con- ducting the Eoyal Cumberland Freemasons' School, for their generous contribution of the £400 sterling to that Institution, likewise a copy of a resolution formed at a General Committee of the Governors, that the Master for the time being of this lodge be a perpetual governor. The privilege of voting for candidates for admission to this institution, which is now known as the Girls' School, was not exercised for a very long while, but has of recent years been often made use of. About this time a brother named Dring came from Calcutta and joined the lodge. Amongst other improvements he ex- plained the " Form used at Bengal for keeping the records," and the W. M. submitted the following resolution : " That a wooden repository for all kinds of proceedings be made in a manner suitable to the Masonic Order, that it be divided into 147 several partitions for the reception of the papers, &c., in the Secretary's department, and that it be supported upon four pilasters and fixed upon the table opposite to the Secretary, who is to take charge of whatever it con- tains, and never suffer the keys out of his possession." Bro. Dring was made an hon. member of the lodge. In January 1795 it was resolved that the business of the different degrees be kept in sepai-ate books. Prom this time the only minutes recorded in the old book, are those of the proceedings of the 3rd degree at each meeting. Even these minutes come to an end in February 1795. Then there is a long gap, the next minute in the book being dated 1802. This book comes to an end in 1805, and from that date to 1846 the minutes of P. U. are missing. From a return of members of the lodge sent home in February 1796, we learn that at that date John Chamier, Provincial Grand Master, was Wor. Master of the lodge. Colly Lyon Lucas, the first W. M., is described as Surgeon- General, and there were 78 members in the lodge. Many of these were not resident in Madras. Some of them were resident at Bengal, Bombay, England, America, Denmark and even in China ! The Rev. R. Kerr was at this time at Ellore, where it is veiy possible he either founded or revived a lodge, which was afterwards presided over by George Westcott (see p. 2). In the absence of the lodge minutes, we are obliged to fall back upon the records of the Provincial Grand Lodge, and such other references to Lodge Perfect Unanimity as are available. In 1799, from which date the minutes of the Provincial Grand Lodge are extant, we find Lodge Perfect Unani- mity still occupying a very exalted position. No one (with very rare exceptions) became a member of the Provincial Grand Lodge, unless he were a Past Master of P. U. The members of the lodge seem also to have been treated with more respect than those of other lodges. This after- wards led to trouble. 148 It was the regular custom for each W. M. of the lodge, as soon as he had completed his six months of oflBce, to be proposed and elected a member of the Provincial Grand Lodge. The lodge room or Masonic Hall built by the Athole Lodge, 152, seems to have been abandoned by the end of the century, for on the 1st June 1799 Bro. Gahagan, the Dep. Prov. G. Master, proposed at a meeting of the Prov. G. Lodge that " as there is at present no lodge room, some dwelling-house be hired to hold the meetings in future, and that as Lodge No. I has no place of meeting, that they be invited to contribute to the expense thereof." The Master of P. U. at this time was the Rev. Richard Kei'r, D.D., mentioned above. He was also Prov. G. Junior Warden and Prov. G. Chaplain. In 1800 the meetings of the lodge began to be held in the Pantheon, which they hired conjointly with the Prov. G. Lodge. At this time there were only 3 lodges meeting in Madras, — P. U., No. 1, Social Friendship, No. IV, and Unity, Peace and Concord, No. IX. Both these latter two lodges came to an end about the year 1 804, owing to a quarrel which arose out of the partia- lity shown for No. I by the Provincial authorities. On the 27th September 1800, Lodge P. U. brought forward in Prov. G. Lodge, a scheme for the erection of a charity school in Black Town, for the children of poor Masons in general, and of such children of Europeans as had been l_eft without support. Bro. Kerr laid before the P. G. Lodge the following scheme : — " A plan for establishing a Free School, to be called the Free- masons' School, under the patronage of the Lodge No. I of Perfect Unanimity, Madras. As charity is one of the first duties of the masonic system, and the dues of every lodge should properly be appropriated to benevolent purposes, this plan is now submitted with deference to the opinions of the members of the lodge. It appears to me to have many advantages, and I think that all difficulty of adopting it will be found to give way upon investi- gation. It is true our Fraternity is at present at a low ebb in 149 point of numbers, and consequently our funds proportionately small and inadequate to any great undertaking, and therefore at the outset of the plan it will be necessary to economise our means as much as possible. One great advantage attending the plan I now offer for your consideration is that it will do great good with a small expense. Another is, if adopted, it will procure for our institution a greater degree of the worldly esteem than any other plan we could devise, and though certainly the excellence of a moral action receives no addition from the colour which the opinions of the world may give it, especially in the mind of a true Mason, yet as the attacks which have lately been made against our venerable order have been public, we should take every means of showing to the world at large that Charity and Benevolence are the chief characteristics of a Mason. As to the manner in which the scheme is to be carried on and the funds by which it is to be supported, the following are the heads most necessary to be considered at the present stage of business: — That a house be rented in the Black Town at ten pagodas a month. That some man of good moral character and of sufficient educa- tion (a Mason if possible) be sought after by the Brethren, to whom a salary of ten pagodas monthly be given for conducting the school. That two boys be taken from the Male Asylum (who are in the habit of teaching at that school) to assist the schoolmaster. That at the first institution of the plan no boys be received as boarders in the school. That fifty boys be admitted as day scholars, the parents of whom are either dead or unable to pay for their tuition elsewhere. That in all cases the children of Masons shall have a preference That the Master and Officers of the Grand Lodge, and the Master, Officers and members of Lodge No. 1 be considered as Patrons and Directors of the proposed charity. That the Masters and Officers of Lodge No. 1 form a monthly committee to mark the progress of the institution, to submit to the lodge a statement of the expenses and funds of the charity every regular lodge night with such strictures as may occur to them on visiting the school. On the present occasion it will be needless to enter further into the plan. This outline will serve to show that an expense of from 25 to 30 pagodas monthly will procure tuition for 60 children at least, and it may appear that the plan can be enlarged at pleasure if circumstances permit. It may be well, too, to notice that the plan once set on foot will meet with 150 assistance from the humane and charitable out of lodge where properly solicited, and that the different lodges will no doubt be happy to contribute to our undertaking when regularly apprised of its importance to the interests of humanity. (Signed) B,. H. Kerr, W. M. Approved by me. E. Collins, A. P. G. M. Mabras, iQth August. The Provincial Grand Lodge heartily approved of the above scheme, and voted a monthly subscription of 5 pagodas. This was the actual origin of the Civil Orphan Asylum, which only dates its foundation from 1807, the year in which it began to take boarders. The Meetings of the Lodge were now held in the Pantheon, the monthly rent of which building was 15 pago- das. P. U. paid the whole of this, and obtained 5 pagodas from the Prov. G. Lodge as a sub-tenant. On the 24th June 1801, Brother Smith, W.M. of Lodge No. 1, was elected a member of the P. G. Lodge. In 1801 Bro. Maurice Fitzgerald retired from the lodge, and a long correspondence between him and the lodge is recorded in the Prov. G. Lodge minutes. The original cause of his withdrawal appears from his letters to hnve been some flagrant act of immorality on the part of some member of P. U. This he seems to have rebuked in open lodge, but finding no notice was taken of his remarks, he wrote a letter of resignation dated 7th October 1801. This letter was returned to him by G. McMahon, Sec. A long correspondence ensued, which proves Bro. Fitzgerald to be verbose, pedantic and irritating, though at the same time he seems to have been actuated through- out by the highest moral principles. The matter was referred to the Prov. G. Lodge, who could do nothing, as Bro. Fitzgerald went back to England very soon after his resignation of the lodge. The P. G. Lodge, however, passed a resolution that " should Brother Fitzgerald return within the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge and attempt to resume the subject, care will be taken to make him sensible of his error." 151 On the 22nd December 1802 Bro. G. G-. Keble was raised to the 3rd degree by Herbert Compton, W.M. At this meeting the W.M. was " sorry to inform the lodge that tbe Tyler, Bro. Bm-gess, although repeatedly ad- monished both in private and in public, has again attended in a state of intoxication that renders him wholly unfit for the duties of his office." The Tyler was dismissed. On the 27th December 1802, Herbert Compton, W.M. of Lodge P.U., afterwards P.G.M., was elected a member of the Prov. G. Lodge. Herbert Abingdon Draper Compton, to give him his full title, was a very distinguished man and mason. He was twice Prov. Grand Master of Madras, and was for many years a puisne judge at Bombay. He was knighted for his distinguished services. As the first Grand Superintendent of Royal Arch Masonry on the coast, he founded three chapters in Madras, one of which, " School of Plato," attached to Lodge Perfect Unanimity, continues to this day. On St. John's Day, 1802, a grand ball and banquet were given by the P. G. Lodge and Lodge P. U. combined, to more than 300 persons at the Pantheon. The company were accommodated for supper in large tents which were erected in the compound, while the dance took place in the building. The town band, and a guard of 50 men were in attend- ance. A special invitation was sent to Lord Olive, who was in Madras, and the entertainment appears to have been a great success. The total cost amounted to 750 pagodas, or 2,525 Rs. In 1803 a subscription list was sent round among the members of the lodge for obtaining new furniture, the old being worn out. On the 24tli June 1803 another big entertainment was given at the Pantheon. At this time this lodge was occupying a house near the Spur Tank, but in October 1803 it moved back to the Pantheon again. 152 The following extract from the proceedings of the Freemasons Girls' School in London was communicated to the lodge about this time : — At the Annual General Meeting of the Governors of the Freemasons Charity for Female Children held at the Crown and Anchor Tavern in the Strand on Monday, the 5th of April, 1802. The Right Honorable the Earl of Moira President. The accounts of William Forsteen, Esq., Treasurer to this Charity, were publicly read by the Secretary, when it appeared that among other Receipts was £20 from the lodge of Perfect Unanimity at Madras, and £12-12 from Cecil Smith, Esq., at Madras, both by the hands of Edward Watts, Esq., whereupon it was " Resolved that the thanks of the governors now assembled be presented to the R. W. Master, Officers and Brethren of the lodge of Perfect Unanimity at Madras, &c., &c., &c. Also to Cecil Smith, &c., &c." Lodge Perfect Unanimity has a complete series of records from 1789 to the present date, but unfortunately for a long period these records consist of Treasurer's accounts only. There are no minutes in existence from 1805 to 1846. Who is responsible for the loss of the old Minute Books it is now impossible to say. Therefore, while we are able to say exactly how the Lodge funds were spent at any period, we are indebted to other records for a large portion of the history. On the 24th June 1805 Mark Roworth, who had just completed a year of office as W. M., was elected a member of Prov. G. Lodge, and appointed Prov. G. Secretary. In September 1 805 a petition was sent to the P. G. Lodge asking for a dispensation to allow the lodge to raise Bro. Charles Higginson to the Sublime Degree. This brother was afterwards (in 1816) the chief founder of the " Rock'' Lodge at Trichinopoly. In this letter the Acting Secretary, Bro. Thos. A. Eraser, stated that the lodge was I'educed in numbers, and that there was 153 consequently some difficulty in finding a sufficient number of Master Masons to fill the different offices in the lodge. A great many members of the lodge were away from Madras. At a meeting of Prov. G. Lodge, held on ihe 28th September 1 805, the Master and Wardens of P. U. were fined 10 pagodas for not putting in an appearance. At the next meeting, however, a satisfactory apology was tendered and the line was remitted. Wor. Bro. G. G. Keble was Master at this time. He became a member of Prov. G. Lodge in December 1805. He was also a member of Lodge No. II, Carnatic Military. He died in 1811, and a beautiful monument in St. Mary's Church com- memorates him. It has marble carvings representing brotherly love and charity, and bears the following inscription : — George Gilbert Keble. Departed this life on the 25th day of August 1811, aged 36 years. A circle of affectionate friends have caused this monument to be erected to his memory. Keble's monument is remarkable as the only one in St. Mary's Church which bears upon it Masonic emblems. On the 12th November 1806 a dispensation was asked for, to enable Bro. the Rev. E. Vaughan to be raised to the 3rd degree. The Rev. Edward Vaughan was appointed Chaplain in 1799, and in 1804 became Garrison Chaplain of Fort St. George. He was afterwards for many years Archdeacon of Madras. He became a most energetic member of Prov. Grand Lodge. Another dispensation was obtained to enable the lodge to raise Bros. J. A. Casamajor and A. Stock to the 3rd degree. At the renumbering of the lodges on the Coast in 1806, Perfect Unanimity retained its premier position as No. I. Several dispensations were obtained in 1807, one to initiate a gentleman named Paller, who was below the 20 164 prescribed age, the others to allow of degrees being given at short intervals. In February 1811 the Treasurer of P. U., Bro. J. Babington, sent in a little bill of 280 pagodas to the Prov. Grand Lodge for arrears of subscrip- tion towards the rent of the Pantheon, which had not been paid for 5 years. This debt which the Prov. G. Lodge owed to No. I was not liquidated until 1816. On the 24th June 1811 Brother Chalmers^ a very old and zealous member of the lodge, was made a perpetual member of the Prov. G. Lodge. This was proposed by Bro. G. G. Keble, and was his last Masonic act of which we can find any record. On the 5th June 1812 Edward Watts, W. M. of the lodge, was appointed a member of Prov. G. Lodge, and in December 1813 Bros. Patullo, P.M., and Jebb were also admitted. Jebb was appointed P. G. M. very soon afterwards. Every W. M. of Lodge Perfect Unanimity, as soon as his 6 months of office were ended, seems to have been proposed and admitted a member of Prov. G. Lodge as a matter of course. This favour was only extended in very rare cases to the A^'or. Masters of other lodges, as for example to Wor. Bro. Bowen, P. M. of No. V. in 1819. In June 1819 the lodge contributed 50 star pagodas towards the national monument to the late Princess Charlotte of Wales. At a meeting of Prov. Grand Lodge on the 27th De- cember 1819, the banner of the lodge was brought in and consecrated with the Prov. Grand Lodge banner by Dr. Vaughan, the Chaplain. In 1 820 the Prov. Grand Master, R. Jebb, died, and subscriptions were raised to erect a monument to his memory. P. TJ. contributed 100 Rs. This monument (which may be seen in St. Mary's cemetery) cost more than the estimate, and P. TJ. assisted the Prov. Grand Lodge to clear off the extra balance. In 1823 P. U. began to agitate for a Masonic Temple. 155 Affairs in Madras have always been conducted with great deliberation, and the proposed Masonic Temple was not begun until the year 1839. At a Meeting of the Prov. G. Lodge, the R. W. the A. P. Grand Master (G. Lys) read a letter from the W. Master of No. 1 :— " Communicating their sentiments of the absolute necessity of endeavouring to raise by private subscription among their dis- persed brethren a sum of money for the erection of a Masonic Temple to hold their meetings in, and requesting that the R. W. the Grand Master will convene a general meeting of the Masonic body at Madras at any time he may deem most fit, to appoint for a Masonic procession to Church, craving the assistance of the Provincial Grand Chaplain to deliver a discourse on the object in view." The lodge was informed that Prov. Grand Lodge would assist in the undertaking. On the 15th September 1823 the lodge took part in the procession to Black Town to lay the foundation stone of the Male Orphan Asylum. In 1824 the meetings of the Prov. Grand Lodge appear to have been neglected by Lodge No. 1 . W. Bro. Hanson, Pro. G. Secretary, writes P. U. down as absent, and adds sarcastically " as usual." This is hardly fair, as on the whole. Lodge P. U. was from its foundation, most regular in its attendance at the communications of th.e P. G. Lodge. The last entry in the Prov. Grand Lodge minute book is dated 24th June 1826. Lodge Perfect Unanimity was present with its returns and quarterages. Prom 1826 to 1834 the only records which relate to the lodge are Treasurer's account books. The lodge appears to have not had very many members during this period, but work was never interrupted. Indeed, during the entire history of the lodge there was never the shortest period of abeyance. Prom ] 830 to 1840 the lodge increased in prosperity, mainly owing to the zeal and energy of Bro. John Oarnao Morris, who occupied the chair of the lodge for several years, and who became Dep. Prov. Grand Master in 1837. 156 After a long interval, the communications with the United Grand Lodge of England were renewed, and from the archives of the Grand Lodge we learn several interesting details about Perfect Unanimity. On the 15th August 1834 J. Ouchterlony, Prov. G. Secretary, wrote to the Secretaries of the United Grand Lodge of England, to inform them of the excellent work done by Brother John Carnac Morris. He says : — " The Deputy Pro. Grand Master (Lys) directs me to convey to you his testimony in the strongest language of the truly zealous Masonic conduct of Brother Morris since he has Presided over Lodge P. Cr. No. 1, by which He has drawn around Him upwards of Fifty Members, while at the time he accepted the chair, the lodge could not count more than about Ten, and for some years previous thereto it was with diflBculty a sufficient number could be convened to form a lodge. This will in great measure account for that want of regular communication that has been manifest with the Grand Lodge of England." In 1835 F. Middlemass, Prov. Grand Secretary, stated that P. U. was the only lodge which had sent in its returns and dues. The other lodges had been written to with no results. The return of members of P. U. up to the 27th December 1833 shows a membership of 43. The oflBcers of the lodge vrere : John Carnac Morris, W.M. ; Thomas Maclean, S. W. ; W. M. Burns, J. W. ; M. Poole, S. D. ; James Lawder, J. D. ; Thomas Robinson, Chaplain (Arch- deacon of Madras} ; William Middlemass, Secy. ; James Scott, Treasurer. The oldest member of the lodge at that date was the Venerable Brother George Lys, who was made a Mason on the Srd August 1800, and had been a member of P. U. ever since. He had, though never actually installed as P. G. M., presided over the District since the death of Jebb in 1820. Among the list of members are James Ouch- terlony, merchant ; Dumergue, civilian ; Rowlandson, barrister, and Fisher, of Salem. Names familiar to us at the present day. 167 The lodge made great progress under J. C. Morris. 18 joined in 1832, and 17 in 1833. The fees remitted to the Grand Lodge amounted to £26 12. The Wor, Master J. C. Morris with the above-mentioned hst, sent a letter to the Grand Lodge stating that the records of the lodge had been very irregularly preserved, so that he was unable to give information in detail about the old members. The return to the 27th December 1834, exhibited an increase of 15 new members daring the year. J. C. Morris was still Master and the other officers remained in the same position. Of the initiates during the year 1834, ten were officers in the Army. In 1835 the Ven. Thomas Robinson, Archdeacon of Madras, became Wor. Master, W. N. Burns S. W., and A. I. Cherry J. W., J. Barrow Secretary. There were 62 members on the books at the end of the year, of whom 15 had been made or had joined the lodge since the last return. An elaborate banquet was given to Archdeacon Robinson at the end of his year of office. la the following year J. G. Morris was again elected W.M., and he appointed as his Wardens A. I. Cherry, S.W. and H. Morris, J.W. Eleven new members joined during the year. In 1837 Brother Lieut.-Col. T. H. Somerset Conway, C.B., Adjutant-General of the Madras Army, was elected W.M. and filled the chair three months, when duty obliged him to leave Madras as Brigadier-General of the Hydera- bad Force. Brother Alexander Inglis Cherry, c.s., was then elected to the vacant chair. Col. Conway, who was known as " The Soldiers^ Friend," died soon after this, and a magnificent marble statue was erected to his memory in St. Mary's Church, Fort St. George. The three monuments in St. Mary's Church, which com- memorate three Masters of Lodge Perfect Unanimity, Moorhouse, Keble, and Conway, are three of the finest to be seen in that historic Church. On the 3rd May 1839, Cosmo R. Howard, Secretary, sent 158 in the returns for 1835 up to date. Cosmo R. Howard was also Pro. G. Secretary, and J. C. Morris, Dep. Prov. G. Master, was again W. M. of P. U. He continued as Master for three years, 1839 to 1841. The lodge was at this time in an exceedingly flourishing state. The list of members for the year ending December 1838 numbers 102. Among the members were : John Binny Key, Col. William Monteith, Major William Havelock, General John Doveton. The Officers in 1838 were :— J. C. Morris, W.M. ; Major J. J. Underwood, S.W. ; J. Thomson, J.W. ; W. McTaggart, Treasurer ; Cosmo R. Howard, Sec. ; J. P. McKennie, S.D. ; J. H. Wilkins, J.D. ; J. Binny Key, M. Ceremonies. The enormous increase in the list of members, and the great revival in Masonic matters generally, is partly due to til e zeal of Bro. J. C. Morris, and partly to the fact that Lord Elphinstone, the Governor of Madras, was a Preemason. He had been initiated in the old Lodge of Friendship No. 6, London, and he joined Lodge Perfect Unanimity on the 25th January 1838. The lodge finances being now in such a satisfactory state, it was resolved to carry out the long desired plan of erect- ing a Masonic Temple. At a meeting of the members of Lodge Perfect Unani- mity held early in 1838, it was resolved to endeavour to raise funds for the purpose of building a Masonic Temple that should be worthy of the craft. The fraternity had, during the last few years, been allowed to hold their meet- ings in the College Hall, but "it was not only ill-adapted for a lodge from its being much exposed and if closed insuSerably hot, and its out-offices not affording sufficient accommodation for its furniture and other property," but the Hall was frequently required for other purposes, and during that year the lodge had been unable to hold its meetings for several months, in consequence of the room being fitted up as a theatre. 1S9 About the same time Government gave the lodge notice to remove their property from the College Hall premises, as all the oflBces located there were obliged to vacate, to make room for the Commissioner of Police, and the Court for the Recovery of Small Debts. This brought matters to a crisis, and plans and estimates for a building, amounting to Rs. 14,000, were got out and subscriptions came in freely. A sum of 3,000 Rs. was taken as a first instalment from P. U. Funds, and a grant of Rs. 500 was made by Prov. Gr. Lodge. Among the subscribers were Lord Blphin- stone, Rs. 500; Mr. J. Barrow, Rs. 1,000; and among other well-known Madras names are those of McTaggart, Sir John Doveton, Ouchterlony, Cator, Orr, Havelock, TurnbuU, Arbuthnot and others. The required amount appears to have been obtained without difficulty. The Government granted a site " near Cappers " as it is describ- ed, and the Foundation Stone was laid by Lord Blphinstone, Governor of Madras, and a Member of the Lodge, on the 24th June 1839. The Hall was completed, or nearly so, in some 12 months. Then came the usual story. It was found that owing to various causes, one of which was that the building had been made nearly half as large again as the original plan, the estimates had been exceeded by 100° /^ and the building finally cost Rs. 24,826-14-11 instead of Rs. 12,000. This it was proposed to pay off by debentures not bearing interest, of Rs. 500 each, from the members, and neither money nor generosity appears to have been wanting in those days, for the first subscription list (the only one preserved) contains more than half the amount wanted. Lord Elphin- stone heading the list with a further Rs. 1,000. Now at last the Lodge found itself in possession of a Temple of its own. Many years afterwards it was a matter of belief among certain brethren, that the Masonic Temple on the Beach, near Capper's, was the property of Madras Masons in general. But the discovery of all the old docu- 160 ments relating to its erection has proved beyond the shadow of a doubt that Perfect Unanimity alone was the sole builder and proprietor. There was only one other lodge at the time in Madras that could be said to be working, (Social Friendship) and there is no record that a single member of that lodge contributed towards the building fund. Masonry was an expensive pastime in those days. The following is the little bill of Bro. J. H. Wilkinson, a member of the lodge : — Ball expenses on the 27th Dec. 1837 Dinner „ 25th Jan. 1838 1st Feb. 1838 Fee due on being made Knight Templar and Knight of Malta ... Dinner, 17th Dec. 1838 Ball, 27th Dec. 1838 ... Building Fnnd Subscription for 1838-39 KS. A. p. 56 7 2 16 9 10 5 52 8 11 4 8 65 13 50 61 Rs. ...313 1 4 10 Besides the Royal Arch Chapter and the Encampment of Knights Templar, there was also attached to the lodge a Chapter of Rose Croix. For an account of the opening of this first Rose Croix Chapter, see p. 120. In January 1840 a brother named Dodd was passing through Madras, who opened a chapter, and conferred the degree of, " Chevalier Prussien " upon 14 brethren of the lodge. This degree is now the 21° of the A. and A. Rite and has not been worked for many years. The fees for the degree amounted to Rs. 280 at Rs. 20 each, and were devoted to the new Temple building fund. In 1840 four members joined the lodge, one of whom rejoiced in the name of D. Syschynzki, described as of "no fixed home," probably wandering from Pole to Pole ! J. C. Morris certainly deserved well of Masonry for the way in which he revived P. U. and restored it to its proper place at the head of the list. Throughout this decade 161 ] 830-40 the other lodges in Madras were not very flourish- ing. Universal Charity and St. Andrew's Union were in abeyance^ and Social Friendship not very strong. P.U., how- ever, seems to have been in a most prosperous condition. Another gap in the record, (from 1840-1847) now occurs, during which there are no records of the doings of the lodge. It appears, however, after Lord Blphinstone's departure to have gradually decreased in number. The history of a lodge like that of an individual, is a series of ups and downs. The minutes of the lodge recommence in January 1847. John Binny Key was W. M. and W. Glover Secretary. An unfortunate dispute led to the resignation of Wor. Bro. J. B. Key and several members of the lodge. What it was all about we cannot say, but the blackballing of a candidate proposed by the W. M. seems to have been the casus belli. Bro. Wilkins, a Past Master, carried on the business of the lodge until the next election. In February 1848 W. McTaggart, an old Past Master, was re-elected W. M. The following resolution was passed : — " That this lodge at its first meeting of the present year cannot avoid an expression of regret at the serious diminution in the number of its members, which has resulted mainly from the un- happy differences that occurred in the month of May last. It would express a hope that the time which has elapsed since those un- fortunate divisions took place has been sufficient to efface all un- pleasant recollections, and that those brethren who retired on that occasion may now be induced to rejoin." As a result of this resolution most of the seceding Brethren returned to the lodge. In those days the main business of the evening was transacted in the degree of Master Mason. Minutes were read, and ballots taken in that degree. At that date (1848) the records of the lodge extended back to the year 1825, but apparently the old minute book of 1789 was not known. It was resolved on the 11th April 1848 "That all the Books and Kecords of the Lodge, both those 21 162 belonging to the Secretariat and those of the Treasurer's depart- ment, be annually during the first month of the year examined and audited by the W. Master and Wardens for the time being, and the state of the same reported to the lodge at the usual meeting in February.'' It would have been well if this good resolution had been kept. On this same day (11th April) a very dis- tinguished brother joined the lodge, Arthur Macdonald Eitchie, who was afterwards Dist. G. M. In December 1848 the Report of the Committee who had been appointed to revise the by-laws was read. The fees were altered to the following scale : — RS. For Initiation ... ... ... 35 „ Passing ... ... ... 15 „ Baising ... ... ... 25 A period of 3 months was to elapse between each degree. The joining fee from another lodge was fixed at one pagoda. On the 8th January 1849 W. Bro. J. Ouchterlony was elected as W. M. The Installing Master was W. Bro. Papell of Lodge " Social Friendship/' who refused to open a board of Installed Masters except in the presence of those who had actually served the office of Master. All those who had merely pro forma " passed the chair " were obliged to retire. In February 1849 Wor. Bro. Pitt Macdonald of Lodge "Rock" joined the lodge. In April of the same year the by-laws as finally amended were passed and sent up for confirmation. In September 1849 it was resolved to give " the necessary information to the Freemasons' Herald." This was a monthly Masonic Paper which had been started by Bro. Lawrence of Lodge " Social Friend- ship." In May 1850 the lodge was placed in mourning on the death of Wor. Brother McTaggartj an old and active member of the lodge, and for many years Prov. Grand Treasurer. 163 In 1851 Col. Wm. Pitt Macdonald became Wor. Master. He was also W. M. in the years 1865, 1856, 1858 and 1864. A. Macdonald Ritchie occupied the chair in 1854, 1857, 1859, 1861 and 1865. These two brethren who both became Provincial Grand Masters, thus occupied the chair of P. U. for ten years between them. In March 1851 Bro. Richard Breeks, m.c.s., of Lodge " Faith, Hope and Charity," Oofcacamund, and Col. A. J. Greenlaw, P. M. of St. Andrew's, Kamptee, joined the lodge. In July 1851 Mr. David Premantle Carmichael, of the Madras Civil Service, was initiated. The lodge funds seem to have been in a bad way at this period, the balance to the credit of the lodge in October 1851 being Rs. 23-4-9 only. A committee of audit was appointed to investigate the financial situation. At the election of W. M. in December 1851, not only the votes of the brethren present were recorded, b b those of the absentees, by proxy. This irregular method of election was not unknown in the Madras District at a very recent date. J. Ouchterlony was elected as Master for 1852. Wor. Bro. A. J. Greenlaw was appointed Sen. Warden. The efforts of the audit committee in obtaining arrears of subscription had a good result, for in March 1852 the lodge funds had risen to 470 Rs. About this time Bro. H. S. S. Burney retired from the lodge. Bro. Burney is now a member of the Supreme Council 33° and a very distinguished Mason. He had been initiated in the Bangalore Cantonment Lodge. For some years past, the Masonic Temple on the Beach near Cappers, which had cost the lodge so much money, had proved a failure. The building was suitable enough, but it was found that many brethren were unable to attend, owing to the lodge room being so far away from their residences or places of business. 164 The following entry from the minutes of 8th March 1 852 shows the first step towards a change of residence : " Owing to the extreme inconvenieDce experienced by the members of the lodge in general from the present locality of the Temple, and the consequent desire to effect a sale of the premises, Wor. Bro. Ouchterlony and Bro. C. A. Roberts were requested to institute every enquiry as to the question of right of title which the present members may hold, of disposing of the building and to report pro- gress at the next regular meeting for the information of the brethren." In July 1852 a complete set of 9 working tools of solid silver were ordered, also " a pair of ordinary sized globes." In January 1853 Bro. C. A. Roberts was installed as W. M. In March 1853 the report on the title of the building was read. " The W. M. informed the lodge that he had received the title- deeds of the lodge from Bro. Wilkins, whose legal opinion is that the lodge has no power to sell the building, the ground was given for Masonic purposes alone, but that the brethren might rent the building and allow a certain sum of the rent to the occupant to place it in a habitable state as also for the erection of out-houses, reserving a sufficiency to pay for the rent of a more central building." At the next meeting it was resolved to " rent the Temple if a suitable tenant can be found, and the meetings be held at Mr. Williams' house on the Mount Road." In October 1853 an advertisement was placed in the papers, inviting applications for renting the Temple. At the Installation Meeting in January 1854 the Prov. Grand Master, Bro. R. H. Williamson, was present. A. Macdonald Ritchie was placed in the chair. In April 1854 a gratuity of £2-2 was sent to Bro. Spencer, High Holborn, London, with a letter to say that his services as Masonic agent in London were no longer reqiiired. It had been the custom to obtain certificates, &c., through Spencer and Co. On the 10th September 1854, Wor. Bro. 0. A. Roberts objected to the omission of reading a portion of Scripture at the opening and closing of lodge. He stated that 165 it had been the custom to read a passage ever since he had been a member of the lodge. The matter was referred to the P. G. M., who decided that the antient custom should be kept up. Negotiations were entered into at this period with a Mr. Laybourne, who offered to build suitable premises for the lodge on the top of his house in the Mount Road. The lodge butler was fined 50 Rs, for having robbed the lodge of bottles in a shamefial manner for many years past. In January 1 854 Ool. Pitt Macdonald was placed in the chair for the second time. He occupied the chair for two years in succession. The Masonic Temple was lent to Lodge Universal Charity for the purpose of holding a Masonic Ball. On the 16th August 1855^ a resolution was passed that " The low ebb to whioh the lodge has fallen in respect of members is taken into consideration, and it is resolved to issue a tyled circular to the brethren residing at Madras setting forth the above circum- stances and inviting their aid in preventing the temporary extinction of Masonry in this lodge, which seems now to be too surely impend- ing." The last meeting of the lodge in the old Masonic Temple was on the 15th January 1856. The lodge moved on its next meeting to the lodge room of Lodge Pilgrims of Light in the Mount Road. These rooms (now occupied by Lodge Carnatic) were built by Mr. Williams for Masonic purposes. Lodge P. U. paid 20 Rs. rent. The old temple was let to Mr. Burgess at 100 Rs. per month. In August 1 856 it was resolved, " That the Mark degree having been sanctioned by the Grand Lodge of England, it be given as a separate degree in this lodge to any desirous of it who have taken the degree of ITellow Craft." The fee was to be 5 Rs. for members, 10 Rs. for non- members. On the 29th November 1856 after the lodge was opened^ all who had not taken the degree were called upon to retire, and the lodge was opened in the Mark degree. 166 5 brethren were advanced, the lodge was then closed in the mark degree and resumed in the 1st degree. In 1857 A. Macdonald Ritchie again became W. M. A native gentleman, Mr. Runganadum Sastry, was ini- tiated in July. In this year the day ot regular meeting was altered to the last Monday in each month. Under the zealous administration of Col. Pitt Macdonald and A. Macdonald Ritchie, the lodge began again to flourish. Many new members joined, and a large number of initiations took place. In September 1858 the lodge made a grant of 200 Rs. " from their abundance " to the Friend-in-Need Society. In November 1858 the old temple was let to Mr. Robinson as an ofiBce, at 90 Rs. per month. In September 1859 a letter from the Grand Secretary was read, warning the W. Masters of all lodges against certain irregular lodges at Smyrna. These lodges had been established by an officer during the Crimean War, under an Irish warrant, and now called themselves the Grand Lodge of Turkey. In November 1860 John Miller (afterwards District Grand Master) was initiated. In March 1861 the P. G. M. (Pitt Macdonald) intimated that he had received a petition from some brethren at Negapatam asking for a warrant. As he was not sure if the brethren who had signed the petition were all Master Masons, he asked some of the brethren present to sign. This was done, and the warrant granted for the " Emulation Lodge." In September 1861 the meetings of the lodge began to be held at the lodge premises, Vepery. It was the custom to advertise the meetings of the lodge in the local papers, The Times and Athenseum. Apparently this was considered sufficient notice, as it does not appear that circulars were sent to each brother. In March 1862 all the old plate of the lodge, marked 175 was sold, and a new set of electro plate purchased in England. 167 In October 1862 a Lodge of Instruction was begiinj which was presided over by the Prov. G. Master. It was held every Monday at 6 p.m. In August 1863 Rs. 150 was voted for the sufferers in Lancashire. A harmonium for the use of bhe lodge was bought from Deschamps for 450 Rs. The old question of lodge payments for dinners came up in 1862. At that time every brother paid a monthly subscription of 5 Rs., and those present at the meeting dined at the expense of the lodge. It was resolved to revert to the old system, under which every brother paid for his own dinner if present. Col. Pitt Macdonald, P. G. M., said " that the present system of providing dinners should be discontinued, as it was not only expensive, but the food was very bad." He stated that the younger brethren could not afford expensive dinners j he considered 2 rupees a head ample to provide a good plain dinner. John Miller was the obstructionist with reference to the dinner questiorf. He strongly objected to the separate system, and divided the lodge on every occasion. He was, however, defeated, and resigned his membership with two other malcontents. He came back however before long, as in 1863 he was Junior Warden of the lodge. In April 1868 Brother Aylmer, the W. M. elect of the new Bangalore Lodge, was passed through the chair of installed Master in Lodge P. U. In 1863 the lodge number was altered from 175 to 150. In January 1864 Col. Pitt Macdonald was placed in the chair for the fifth time. In a letter to the lodge he stated that " The success of the lodge will depend upon the result of our Proceedings on Monday next. The election of officers who will properly attend to their duties and assist me is our first consider- ation. " I waive my right of nomination, and every post shall be filled by ballot. Office bearers thus elected will feel that it is due to the 168 lodge that its working shall not be at least inferior to that of other lodges working at the Presidency. " At this meeting I propose to arrange a day for oar Royal Arch Chapter, and for re-opening our Encampment." The brethren who had withdrawn from the lodge were re-admitted without joining fees. On the 27th June 1864 Mr. Charles Allen Lawson, Editor of the Madras Times (now Sir Charles Lawson), was initiated. In October of this year the day of meeting was again altered from the last to the first Monday in each month. In February 1865 the auditors of accounts suggested that for the future a paid clerk be kept, whose duty shall be to assist the Secretary. Mr. H. D. B. Gribble, of the Madras Civil Service, was initiated. In August 1865 the Assistant Inspector-General of Mofussil Police wrote to make an offer for the old temple on the South Beach. A Past Master's jewel was presented to R. Wor. Bro. Pitt Macdonald. Mr. J. Grose, M. C. S., was initiated. He took the brd degree in January 1866. Bro. John Miller was elected W. M. for 1866, and held the chair for two years. In June 1866 R. Wor. Bro. Macdonald Ritchie made a suggestion that at future meetings of the lodge brethren should attend in white clothes — a very sensible hot weather suggestion. In 1867 the Masonic Temple was leased to Government for the purpose of an office. Brothers Praser and Chisholm were asked to prepare plans for a new Masonic HaU. In March 1867 it was resolved to apply for a new warrant, as the old one had become defaced. The lodge was placed in mourning for three months on the death of Col. Pitt Macdonald, D. G. M. A Building Committee consisting of the officers of the lodge with Bros. J. Grose and Runganadum Sastry was appointed to consider various proposals for the building of a new Masonic Temple. 169 In January 1868 Julius Brockman was installed as W. M., Bros. J. H. S. Branson and J. Grose, S. and J. Wardens. The lodge joined wibh the Lodges Pitt Macdonald and Universal Charity in forming a United Lodge of Instruc- tion. In 1868 the first petition for a centenary warrant was sent in, and the by-laws were amended and reprinted. Various proposals were made from time to time about a new hall. Several brethren, among whom was the Wor. Master, were of opinion that the matter was one for the District Authorities to take up. Others however wished to keep the matter as a private affair of Lodge P. U. Bro. Chisholm produced plans and drawings of a proposed new building, but they could not be adopted, owing to the difficulty of procuring a suitable site. In November 1868 Mr. J. W. Handley was initiated. In January 1869 Bro. J. H. S. Bi-anson was installed as W. M. In the following month Et. Wor. Brother the Earl of Mayo, Viceroy of India, was enrolled as an honorary member of the lodge. At this time Lodges Pitt Macdonald, and Universal Charity, were permitted by the lodge to make use of their premises at Vepery. In May 1869 the new warrant arrived, audit was ordered to be framed and hung up in the lodge room. On the 12th July 1869 a special funeral service was held in memory of the I. P. M., W. Bro. Brockman, who had died in England. The service was conducted by Bro. the Rev. W. J. S. Rawson. In September 1869 R. W. Bro. Greenlaw " addreb jed the brethren as to the advisability of purchasing a house in a suitable locality for the purposes of the lodge. The Temple on the South Beach, although it had cost a large sum of money, had proved a failure ; he thought early action should be taken in securing a house which could be paid for from the proceeds of the sale of the Templef." On the 3rd November 1869 the Coromandel Chapter of 22 170 Rose Croix was opened in the lodge rooms. It was said to be "attached to Lodge Perfect Unanimity." At the regular meeting on the 1st November 1869 it was resolved " that the W. M., the P. M. and the 2 Wardens should form themselves into a committee and address Grovernment, with the view of ascertaining the amount which may be offered by Government for the purchase of the Temple." In December 1869 Bro. Fraser was elected as W. M. Bro. J. Grose just missed the chair by 4 votes. Bro. Fraser was installed in February 1870, as there were not enough Past Masters present at the January meeting. In November 1871 the lodge was placed in mourning for the late Bro. A. J. Greenlaw. In March 1871 it was reported that a number of trees had been planted round the old Masonic Temple. A gardener on Rs. 4 a month was appointed to water them. Royal Arch Chapter School of Plato received an advance from the lodge funds, to enable them to pay Brother Spencer's bill. In May 1871 the Inspector-General of Police applied for leave to enable him to erect stables and coach houses near the old Masonic Temple. The permission was granted. The Tyler (Bro. Dring) was allowed to live in the lodge premises, on condition that none of his family were to be allowed to go upstairs. In August 1871 the Rev. Francis George Lys, of St. Mary's Chapel Lodge, No. 1, S. C, joined the lodge. (Bro. Lys was afterwards W. M. of Lodge Mysore. He died in 1893.) In November 1871 Bro. A. Champion, Organist of the Lodge, proposed that the harmonium of the St. Thome Church be purchased for the use of the Lodge. Price 450 Rs. The instrument was not purchased, as several Brethren thought it was not required. In January 1872 Bro. Joseph Barrow Cardozo was installed as W. M. He nominated Bros. J. W. Handley and H. G. Prichard as his Wardens. 171 About this time a donation of 500 Es. was made to the Grand Charity Fund. In June 1872 it was proposed to remove the lodge to Cotgrave House, Vepery. It was resolved to take the house from the 1st July. In December 1872 Bro. J. W. Handley was elected W. M. Bro. Reeves obtained leave to use one of the lower rooms of the lodge for the practices of the Cathedral choir. On the 5th May 1873 a letter was read from the Asst. Inspector-General of Police stating that the lease of the old Temple occupied by him would shortly expire, and asking if the lodge would be prepared to entertain a proposal for its purchase, on behalf of Government. On the expiration of the lease, and while negotiations were pending. Government were permitted to remain as tenants from month to month. A Sub-Committee of the lodge considered the whole question, and reported to the lodge on the 1st December. After considerable discussion as to whether it was advisable to sell at all, or whether Government should be requested to provide another site, it was finally resolved that it should be left to the committee to negotiate for the sale, at a price not less than 20,000 Rs., out of which might be deducted the value of another site if it could be got. In January 1874 Bro. A. Champion was installed as W". M. In May 1874 it was reported to the lodge that Government were prepared to pay 20,000 Rs. for the Masonic Temple. The offer was accepted. The death of Wor. Bro. Fraser, an old Past Master of the lodge, was reported, and the lodge went into mourning for him. In September 1874 a set of new Tracing boards, value 10£, was ordered from Spencer and Co. These are not the Tracing boards at present in use in the lodge. The latter were painted by Bro. Chisholm in 1889 from designs lent for the purpose by Bro. C. H. Maiden. In February 1875 Wor. Bro. Champion read in lodge a 172 petition to the District Grand Master from several brethren, asking for a warrant for a new lodge to be called the " Cole- man Lodge." It was resolved to defer the matter to the next regular meeting. It is not stated in the lodge proceedings whether Perfect Unanimity endorsed the above petition. The Cole- man Lodge was never started, but the petitioning brethren some years after founded a lodge called John Miller. In May 1875 it was resolved that the lodge furniture be pub in good repair. A photograph of the Prince of Wales in Masonic regalia was ordered. In August 1875 the W. M. informed the lodge that the 20,000 Rs. paid by Government for the old Temple had been invested in G-overnment paper at 5 per cent. The thanks of the lodge were given to R. Wor. Bro. John Miller for his action on behalf of the lodge with regard to the sale of their property. In November 1875 200 Rs. were contributed towards the expense of preparing for the reception of the Prince of Wales, M. W. G. M. In January 1876 Wor. Bro. J. W. Handley was placed in the chair for the second time. In March 1876 a Special Committee consisting of R. W. Bro. John Miller, Wor. Bro. Coleman, Wor. Bro. Grant, the Wor. M. Handley, Bros. Furnell and Bradshaw with Wor. Bro. G. A Murray were appinted to consider the whole matter of new premises. In April 1876 a proposal from some brethren in Bangalore who wished to open a new lodge called the Harmony Lodge, was discussed. The lodge after a good deal of discussion supported the proposal, which however was never carried out. The long-forgotten privilege of the lodge to vote on elections for the Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution for Girls, was exercised for the first time, after many years. This privilege dates from 1794, and the lodge has 173 30 votes at its disposal. It had been entirely forgotten that these votes belonged to P. U. until the Provincial Grand Master of Monmouthshire wrote and asked for them on behalf of a candidate. Since then the votes have been often used to good purpose. In November 1876 the Rev. Mr. Kendal applied for leave to hold an Orange Lodge in the lodge premises. This was refused. On the 15th January 1877 the Rev. J. B. Sayers, Garrison Chaplain, was installed as W. M. There appears to have been a very strong legal leaven in the lodge at this time, and every matter brought before the lodge was very amply discussed. In November 1877 the subject of the new Masonic Temple was again discussed. Various sites were suggested. And at last in 1883 the lodge purchased for 18,000 Rs. the premises belonging to Mr. Garratt in the Mount Road. The first meeting of the lodge was held in the new premises on the 7 th January 1884, the occasion being *the installa- tion for the second time of Wor. Bro. C. D. Baynes. This purchase was a very good investment, as a portion of the grant was subsequently sold for more than the original cost. A new lodge room has been built upstairs, and at the present date Lodge Perfect Unanimity possesses the best lodge premises in Madras. May this venerable Lodge, long continue to enjoy prosperity, and maintain its position as No. I on the Coast of Coromandel. 174 CARNATIC MILITARY, No. II., 1784 TO 1814. Then United with St. ANDREW'S, No. VI., AND BECAME St. ANDREW'S UNION, No. II., 1814 TO 182-3. Then United with St. PATRICK'S, No. XI. (founded 1812), AND BECAME St. ANDREW'S AND St. PATRICK'S UNION, No. II., 1823 TO 1841. The foundation of this lodge at Arcot, in the year 1784, was the first act of the Revival of Masonry, under Brig.- General Matthew Home and Terence Gahagan. The date of the establishment of this lodge has usually been given as 1786, but it was in the year 1784, that, peace having been concluded with Tippu, the various brethren who were scattered through the ranks of the army, found time to de- vote their attention again to the Craft. A large portion of the coast army was at this time concentrated at Arcot, and many of the oflScers were Masons. They determined to open a lodge, to be called Carnatic Military. The prime mover in the affair, and the most active and energetic Mason in the place was Terence G-ahagan, who had been Wor. Master of the old lodge No. 355 at Trichinopoly, and who had initiated the son of the Nabob in that lodge. Gahagan had however lost his warrant, and did not know if he were legally entitled to open a lodge without it. He therefore wrote to Brigadier-General Home (who had been Prov. Grand Master in succession to Captain E. Pascal some years before) to ask for his advice and sanction. The following was General Home's reply : — To T. Gahagan, Esq. Worshipful Sir and Bro., — I was favored with your address of the 176 20th inst., informing me that several worthy Brothers had applied to you, to establish a lodge at this Cantonment, and signifying your readiness to do so, which as Master of a Lodge sometime since at Triohinopoly you are authorized to do, as it would tend to the Welfare of the Craft. But as I once had the Honor of holding the office of Provincial Grand Master on this Coast, you request my Sanction and Patronage. I am happy to understand that many of our worthy Brethren are desirous of coming together again, and shall most cheerfully give every countenance in my power towards establishing a Lodge at this Cantonment. But as the Grand Lodge at Madras in which I presided was in fact dissolved, thro' a discontinuance to meet, owing to the unfortunate Divisions that arose and continued some years in the Settlement, occasioned by the Removal of Lord Pigot from the Government of Madras, and many of onr Members becom- ing warm Adherents of the different Parties, their animosity against each other ran so high, that they could not meet as Brethren, and not choosing to exclude either Party, oar Lodge ceased, and I con- ceive my Authority ceased also with it, and therefore I cannot take on me to grant any particular Sanction as Grand Master. However if you will meet some of our Brothers present, and hold a Lodge (which I conceive you may be quite regular in doing) I will meet and consult on the proper means of obtaining a regular Con- stitution for a Lodge. I am with great Truth and Esteem, Wor. Sir and Brother, Your most obedient humble Servant, Cantonment, ) Matthew Hokne. Argot, 2Srd November, 1784. J General Home being favourable, the brethren met and opened the Carnatic Military Lodge, Terence Gahagan being installed as the first Wor. Master. It was intended to revive the old No. 355, of which the warrant had been lost, but this lodge had been already erased. The lodge having been formally opened, the following petition was sent to the Grand lodge authorities to ask for a warrant : — To the Right Worshipful Grand Master, Wardens, Secretary, Stewards, &c., of the Grand Lodge of England, held at Freemasons' Tavern, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. Right Worshipful Sirs and Brethren, — Prom a sincere desire to promote Society and to propagate the 176 Knowledge of Masonry under your Auspices and Sanction, from whose Salutary Edicts and Constitutional Regulations, we have already experienced much satisfaction, and under whose Banners only, we have hitherto held our share of Masonic Privileges ; we are thereby Induced to solicit your further Patronage, and a Renewal of that fraternal and friendly Intercourse which formerly Subsisted between you and the Coast of Coromandel ; which could have only ceased by the Intervention of such political and other Unavoidable events, as must necessarily have subjected any Society of that ten- dency to a Temporary Disunion ; Especially on this Coast, which has been Exposed to the depredations of War for several years past. But, wishing to give you the Earliest Testimony of our Zeal for Masonry, and our attachment to the Grand Lodge of England in Particular; We beg leave to Communicate the following Circumstances to you, flattering ourselves that our conduct herein will meet with your Approbation and Sanction. Bro. Terence Gahagan (one of your present Petitioners) having been lately applied to by several Worthy Brethren to establish a Lodge in the Cantonments of Arcot, did in Consequence thereof address our worthy Brother, Brigadier-General Horue, who is likewise one of your Petitioners on the Subject. (Bro. Home being considered as Provincial Grand Master, having succeeded Brother Edmund Pascal in that Office), we shall forbear trespassing on your time with the Particulars of Brother Gahagan's address, but here- with transmit you Brother Home's reply : In consequence of which a Lodge has been Established here. Styled Carnatic Military Lodge, No. 355, which number was granted to Brother Gahagan in the year irrS, by Bro. Pascal, and over which Lodge Bro. Gahagan Presided for several years, which he had the honor of reporting to you Per- sonally in 1777, having been Introduced at one of your Quarterly Communications by Brother Heseltine, Grand Secretary, and Bro- ther Tutt, you will please to Observe in Brother Home's reply to Brother Gahagan the loss of the abovementioned Warrant is alluded to, which circumstance happened in October 1781 in the course of an Action between Hyder Ally's Army and Col. Owen, where Bro. Gahagan was Ofiiciating in the Character of his Profession as Sur- geon, and unfortunately lost all his Baggage, with which was the Warrant ; but having luckily left the Constitutional Regulations, with many select bye-laws and other Documents in Garrison, and which he has since repossessed, we have therefore Established our present Society guided by the aforesaid Regulations, and Bye-Laws, and have adopted No. 355 for the Present till your Pleasure may be made known to us ; for we humbly conceive tho' the Warrant itself was lost, as the former Master of it is now present, and in Posses- sion of every regulation. Instituted by the Grand Lodge, that we 17V may be Legally Authorised to hold a Lodge in the Usual Manner ; while we carefully and minutely commit our Proceedings to record, which we shall from time to time punctually transmit to yon. In the mean time we think it Incumbent on us to Recommend to your Serious Consideration the immediate Re-appointment of a Pro- vincial Grand Master for the good of Masonry. Vesting in him the power of appointing a Deputy, and likewise that of granting warrants under your Constitution, to such Brethren as he may judge worthy of holding such, upon their application, at the same time furnishing your Provincial Grand Master with such other Regulations as may have been Recently Established, with an Exact copy of Dispensations to be granted, with such Particular Numbers as you would wish to have affixed thereto ; and in short, your Gene- ral Instructions, all of which you may depend on Brother Home's best endeavours and Exertions in faithfully executing, as well as ours in Supporting, we further entreat you may point out the Necessary dues, &o., to be Required for each dispensation granted, and with respect to the numbers we at Present Work under, we Submit the Restoring it to you or your referring it to our worthy Brother General Home, as you may judge most proper. Permit us. Right Worshipful Sirs and Brethren, to Introduce the Bearer, Brother Robinson to you ; he is a Capt. in his Majesty's 73rd Regiment and being a Worthy Brother and a Deserving young Gentleman in every other respect, we beg leave to Recommend him to your notice, and to whom we refer you for any further particulars respecting our Situation. He will deliver into your hands the sum of thirty Pagodas as a small donation to the General Charity, and as an earnest of our future attention to that fund, with every other expense that the Completion of our Present Petition may incur. We earnestly and Respectfully beg a Speedy answer addressed to the Carnatic Military Lodge instituted at Arcot in November 1784, wishing you every blessing that this world may afford, and Eter- nal happiness in the next ; we hereunto Subscribe ourselves, with the utmost respect, fervency and zeal, in all peace and Masonic Union, Right Worshipful Sirs and Brethren, Yonj truly devoted and faithful Humble Servants and Brethren, Matw. Home, Brig.-Genl,, late Grand Master of the Coast of Coromandel. T. Gahagan, Surgeon, Master. Alexr. Home, Surg., 36th Regt., S. W. Jno. Hamilton, Sen. Capt., 73rd Regt., M. M. and J. W. William Leybourn Lloyd, Captain of Artillery, Secretary. R. Mudiman, Capt., 2nd Comp. Arty., Treasurer and Steward. 23 1?8 B. Baird, Capt., 73rd Eegt., M. M. S. Matt. Hodges, Lieut., 73rd Regt., M. M. Chas. Band, Ensign, 5th Madras Battalion, M. M. Chas. Carlile, Capt., Comp. Arty., M. M. Wm. Ch. Gorry, Lieut., 73rd Eegt., F. C. Jas. Robertson, Capt., 73rd Regt., P. 0. John Bell, Lieut., Artillery, F. O. William Ruddiman, Surgeon, F. C. T. Crnikshank, Capt., 36th Regt., B. A. F. Austen, Capt., 36th Regt., E. A. With the above petition, General Home sent an autograph letter (which will be found in the General History), while Terence Gahagan also wrote a private letter on the subject to White, Grand Secretary. The new lodge was granted the number 488, and the warrant was sent out in the year 1786. Brigadier-General M. Home was also reappointed as Prov. G. Master of the Coast of Coromandel. In this year the union with the Athole Lodge of Madras was efEected, and Lodge Perfect Unani- mity was established. The new lodge, though junior, took the No. I on the Coast, while Carnatic Military became No. II. The earliest return of members sent home in 1789 gives the following as members of Carnatic Military : — Urban Vigors, John Slipper, Stephen Towns, Terence Gahagan, Eccles Nixon, Willam Duffin, Edward Collins, Thomas Stevenson, Ridgeway Mealy, R. Towers Faucet, Thomas Robinson, Thomas Leighton, Robert Sale, John Morris, Philip Mayne, John Cuppage, Frances Burke, John Carter, John Skene. Of the above list the only note-worthy Masons are Terence Gahagan, E. Nixon afterwards Sir Eccles Nixon, P. S. G. W., and William Duffin, who acted as Prov. Grand Master in 1793. Edward Collins was also a Grand Lodge Officer, and acted for a short time as P. G. M., in Chamier^s absence in 1799. In 1790 T. Gahagan was transferred to Vellore, and as the moving spirit, he seems to have taken the lodge along with him, for we find the following letter addressed to W. White, Grand Secretary : — Rt. Woe. Sia ahd Bko., — Although we have not been honored 179 with any reply to our last address to you, which accompanied a donation to the Cumberland School, thro' the Provincial Grand Lodge at Madras, we nevertheless feel ourselves not less zealous in our wishes for the prosperity, and dignity of your lodge, a circumstance that we shall at all times be inclined to advert to as a primary condition. Notwithstanding our lodge is at present re- duced to a very few members, in consequence of the war at present waging on the coast, and our Fund deprived of its usual source, we nevertheless send you the sum of ten Pounds (£10) for the general charity, which will be delivered to you by our worthy and much esteemed Bro. Eccles Nixon, a Colonel on this establishment, who has presided in our lodge for a period of eighteen months, which situation by a progressive course through the offices of Wardens he has filled with dignity to the lodge and zeal to the Craft. We therefore beg leave to recommend him to the fraternal notice and esteem of the Grand Lodge of England. We have the honor, &o., R. Mealy, Master 0. M., Lodge No. II. Richd. Tolson, Senior Warden. T. Gahagan, Ag. Junior Warden and D. P. G. M. Freemasons' Hall, Velloke, 8th Feb. 1791. The following return, whicli was among those taken by Col. Eccles Nixon home in 1791, shows the officers and members of the lodge at the end of 1790 : — Rt, Wor. Bro. Terence Gahagan, Dep. Prov. O. Master; Wor. Bro. Eccles Nixon, Wor. Master ; Bros. Thomas Stevenson, 8. W. 8f Steward ; Ridgeway Mealy, /. W. ; Urban Vigors, Treas. ; John Norris, Secy. ; John Cuppage, John Carter, John Skene, and Francis Burke, Tylers. Four Tylers for one small lodge seems to be rather excessive. This was the last return ever sent home by the Carnatic Military Lodge. It appears to have gradu- ally declined, and to have become extinct during the last few years of the century. Terence Gahagan went home to England in 1797, and his departure may very likely have caused the final dissolution of the Lodge. The warrant was returned to the Provincial Grand Secretary. ******* 1804. — The lodge was revived in 1804 by the following brethren who were members of No. VI., Social Friendship, 180 and the recently extinguished Social Friendship No. IV. : — J. McDaniel, A. King, W. Doyle, J. Green, J. Beckwith, M. Hughes. Their petition was dated 24th July 1804, and they asked for " any spare warrant that may be vacant." On the 1st August J. McDaniel again wrote to say that they wished to revive either II, V or VII, all of which were extinct at that date. The oldest warrant No. II was accordingly granted, and Carnatic Military made a fresh start. It was a very common practice in those days for the founders of a new lodge to apply for an old warrant and number. It saved a good deal of expense in the matter of registration on the books of Grand Lodge. On the 24th December 1804 the Secretary, J. Green, sent a long letter to the Prov. Grand Lodge enclosing a copy of the by-laws. He also complained very bitterly of an order recently passed by the Provincial Grand Lodge. This order was, that the names of all brethren were to be submitted to the Prov. Grand Lodge, before the subordinate lodge could proceed to confer any degree. Green says in his letter : — " It has from time immemorial been considered the undoubted Privilege of every lodge to elect, pass, and raise its own members. Men in similar situations of life naturally associate together, and from such intercourse become the best Judges of each other's habits, dispositions, and general tenor of conduct; possessing this information who can so well as themselves form an Idea whether a man is, or is not worthy of being passed or raised ? And as those men were considered worthy of being entrusted with a warrant, (and a warrant on the face of which such respected names appear) highly gratifying to their feelings, how sensibly must their feelings be injured by a knowledge, that the Grand Lodge deny to their brethren and themselves one of the greatest Privileges they enjoy, that of promoting their own members, without a prior sanction from the Grand Lodge, which must give rise to an opinion, that they are considered as deficient either in Judgment, or moral rectitude ; particularly, when it is well known, that no lodge either in this country, or in any other is debarred from this indubitable Right, which it appears by the Book of Constitutions is delegated to them, and to them only." 181 The order of the Prov. Grand Lodge complained of in the above letter was only one act of the many unconstitutional proceedings of that august body. The Provincial Grand Lodge at that time, seem to have violated almost every article of the Constitutions. The brethren of Carnatic Military prayed that the objectionable order might be rescinded. The Prov. Grand Lodge records do not show whether any reply even was vouchsafed to the above letter by the Autocratic Grand Lodge of Coromandel. The following Officers were appointed on St. John's Day, 27th December 1804 : A. King, W. M.; J. Beckwith, S. W. ; M. Hughes, J. W. ; M. Green, Secretary. The lodge at this time met in the old lodge room in the Port, near the North gate. Prom the re-opening of the lodge, Carnatic Military became after P. U. the most regular of all the Madras lodges in attendance at the Prov. Grand Lodge Meetings. On the 19th March 1805, J. Green wrote to the Prov. Grand Lodge to ask if the unfortunate Brother Taylor, who had been W. M. of No. IV (see history of that lodge) might be reinstated in his Masonic privileges, as he was truly contrite. This letter was considered at meeting of the Prov. Grand Lodge on the 17th April, and Bro. Taylor's request granted, the Prov. Grand Lodge being " glad to hear so good an account of him." He did not behave well very long, for. In September 1805 John McDaniel, Secretary, forwarded a long extract from the proceedings of No. II with reference to a complaint made by Bros. John Heal and William Doyle against Brother William Taylor. The lodge considered the charges as proved and excluded the erring brother. This action on the part of C. M. was approved at a meeting of the Prov. Grand Lodge held on the 28th September 1805. At the same meeting Bro, Eoworth, Pro. Grand Secretary, " takes this opportunity of reporting 182 to the Prov. Grand Lodge that he visited Lodge No. II. on the preceding evening, and was present at the initiation of a candidate, and that it afforded him the greatest pleasure to observe the correctness and good order with which their proceedings were conducted. The E. Wor. (Bro. Collins) received the communication with the highest satisfaction, and thanked the Wor. Bro. Secretary for his zeal and at- tention, more particularly as it afforded him another oppor- tunity of expressing his approbation of the regularity and good conduct of No. II." 27th December 1805. — Wor. Bro. Beckwith attended the Prov. Grand Lodge as Master of No. II., and presented a petition from Mary Poulard, the widow of a deceased brother. A pension of 5 pags. per month was granted to her. drd April 1806. — The lodge was removed from its old premises in the Port, to a house in Popham's Broadway, Black Town, by permission of the Prov. G. Lodge. A brother of the lodge, Chapman, having died, the brethren of Madras subscribed 52 pagodas for the relief of his widow and orphans. The following extract from the minutes of Lodge No. II. in this year is amusing : — " Resolved unanimously that henceforward no person exercising the occnpation of Gaoler, Bailiff, Turnkey, or any other whose Livelihood arises from being actually and personally employed in restraining the Liberty of His Fellow Creatures, be admitted a member of this Lodge, with the exception (to prevent misconstruc- tion) of any one who being a House-keeper in Madras may be oblig- ed to serve the office of Constable, as parochial duty in his turn, when regularly chosen in as such, for the usual term ; an office un- avoidable and which every one so situated is liable to; but no Person holding the last mentioned employ as a substitute for another (for hire or otherwise) is by any means to be admitted. Further- more the exception equally applies to all military men immediately employed as such, whose duties are of that nature, so as to preclude them from always acting according to their own inclination, and who cannot give way to the impulse of their own feelings, or resist the authority by which they are commanded." 183 On St. John's Day, 24th June 1806, John Green was installed as Master. On the 18th July he wrote to the Prov. Gr. Sec, G. G. Keble, with reference to the Vellore Mutiny. " The seeming irregularity of my expressing the sentiments of the Lodge, over which I have the honour to preside, will I trust be satisfactorily accounted for (altho' in the most melancholy manner) when I state, that the unhappy catastrophe at "Vellore has extended to part of the Family of our worthy Brother Secretary, whom dire necessity has driven to that place, to save from further distress, the children of a very worthy man (Conductor Gill) one of the sufferers, to whom he is nearly related." (See History of Lodge No. VIII.) 27th December 1806. — At the installation on St. John's Day, King became W. M., Anthony French S. W., and Beckwith J. W. 24:th June 1807.— Brother Beckwith became W. M., Anthony French S. W., and John Scott Junior Warden. The Pro. Grand authorities having noticed the name of John Burden as a member of No. II. called for explana- tions. These were furnished satisfactorily by W. Bro. Beckwith. 10th September 1807. — A dispensation was obtained to enable Brother George Westcott, Junior, to be passed to the degree of fellow craft, as he was on the point of embark- ing for England, He was the son of George Westcott, a very prominent member of the Prov. Grand Lodge. Nothing of importance to the lodge occurred during the year 1808. At a meeting of the Prov. G. Lodge, however, held on the 12th April 1809, the old difficulty of Antient and Modern Masonry cropped up again. We find in the minutes of the Prov. Grand Lodge that the Right Wor. the P. G. Master (Terence Gahagan) called on Brother French, one of the Officers of Lodge No. II., Carnatic Military, to inform him, " whether the said Lodge Carnatic Military — does or does not hold their warrant from the Provincial Grand Lodge." "The Right Worshipful Master has been informed with much surprize, that the members of the above lodge consider themselves 184 Andeni Masons, and that they had gone so far as to say that the members of the Provincial Grand Lodge were not Ancient, but Mode)-n Masons" when Brother King of Lodge No. II. "explained, observing that W. Bro. Roworth had said that the P. Gr. L. were Modern Masons." The Prov. G. Secretary was then ordered by the Ht. W. P. G. Master to read some Paragraphs from the Book of Constitutions, respecting Ancient and Modern Masonry. Also to read a letter from Wot. Bro. White, a member of the Grand Lodge of England, pointing out the Spurious Nature of the Masonic Establishment of Ancient Masonry, under the Duke of Athol. And the following announcement was officially made : — " The Provincial Grand Lodge has ever been considered by the Acting P. G. Master and is hereby declared to be a Society formed on Ancient Masonry, and worhing hy its rules." The above is only one more of the many allusions to the fact, that though these old lodges in Madras held their vyarrants from the " Modern " Grrand Lodge of England, they were in their working thoroughly in accord with the " Antients " or Athole Masons. When we remember that at the revival of Masonry in 1786, almost the only Masons on the coast were members of the Athole body and that by the act of union the old work- ing was continued by the United Prov. G-. Lodge, it is not surprising that Madras Masonry should have continued on the lines of the " Old Institutions." The old minute book of Carnatic Military No. II. from 1809 to 1814 is still in existence. The first entry in this old book is dated 2nd November 1809. " At a meeting opened on the 1st step of Masonry. " Present : Bros. W. Maggs, W.M. ; J. Graves, Ag. 8.W. ; J. Pry, J.W. ; W. Soss, S.D. ; J. Ravelli, J.B. and See. "Absent: Bros. G. Buttery, sick; J. Burden, excuse; G. G. Keble, excuse ; F. Ellis, excuse ; Rev. E. Vaughan, J. T. Fraser, H. Russell, W. W. Weston, L. Pughs. " Read a, letter from Bro. J. Ravelli, requesting that he may receive the 2nd Degree of Masonry, which was put to the ballot and proved to be unanimous in his favour." Other business was transacted while the lodge was open- ed in the M. M. degree. This seems to have been the usual 185 practice. The lodge was only lowered to the other two degrees for the reception of candidates. Its normal state was in the 3rd degree. Bro. Ravelli was admitted to the 2nd Degree on the 4th November 1809 and raised on the 19th of the same month. This was not at all unusual, as we find frequent instances of two and sometimes three degrees being conferred upon a candidate on the same evening. On the 21st of December 1809 the election of ofiicers took place, and Bro. Ravelli was elected J. W. for the ensuing six months. Then comes the following entry : " The W. Master proposed Bro. Ravelli (now chosen J. Warden) to pass the chair, and the ballot was found in his favour, he was then ordered to withdraw and the lodge was transferred to that of a P. M. ; and Bro. R. passed in due and ancient form." From this and other entries, it seems to have been the usual practice, for a brother to pass the chair very soon after becoming a Master Mason. In the list of members returned to Prov. Grand Lodge on the 27th December 1810, out of 20 members, 1 is a Fellow Graft, all the rest are Past Masters. This degree of Past Master was conferred, as it still is under the other Grand Lodges, as a necessary step to the Royal Arch degree. The old customs of St. John's Day in winter and summer were regularly kept. On the 24th June and 27th December, it was the practice for the brethren to assemble at sunrise in the morning and to open the lodge. The officers for the ensuing six months were then installed. During the day the meeting of the Prov. Grand Lodge was held, and at- tended by the Master and Wardens of the subordinate lodges. In the evening the brethren reassembled, and the business of the Prov. Grand Lodge was reported to those who had no right to attend. At sunset the lodge was closed after the usual Masonic toasts. On the 22nd February 1810 Brother Doyle, a Founder of the Lodge, was interred by Bro. the Rev. E. Vaughan with the honours of Masonry. In the year 1810 a split took place in the Carnatic Military 24 186 Lodge. A number of the brethren petitioned for a warrant for a new lodge to be called the " St. Andrew's Lodge." This warrant was granted on the 28th March, and the new lodge opened on the 4th April 1810. The lodge was provisionally warranted as No. VI by Bro. Terence Gahagan, A. Prov. Grand Master, and the following were the founders : John Heal, W. M. ; William Eoss, S. W. ; Robert PitzSymons, J. W.; Anthony French, P. M. ; George Buttery, Secretary ; Richard Sci'iven, Tyler ; John Burden and Arthur King. John Heal, the W. M., was made a Mason in 1795. He was a Conductor, and is described as a Past Master, R. A. and K. T. The formation of this lodge was evidently the result of a schism in Carnatic Military, because the Brothers Ross andButtei-y mentioned above, were the two brethren of Carnatic Military, who under Brother Burden's orders carried ofi a large portion of the lodge effects. The date of this clandestine proceeding shows that the furniture was removed for the use of the new lodge. On the 31st March 1810, "The Worshipful informed the lodge that on information from Bro. Graves, certain articles of furniture belonging to the lodge, and also the whole of the R. A. furniture had been taken and carried away by Bros. Ross and Buttery on the morning of the 28th instant in a clandestine manner." Resolved to appeal to the Pro. Grand Master. A letter was also written to Bro. Burden at Wallajabad, he being a Past Master and a second Master of the R. A. Chapter, to " inform him of this very unpleasant circumstance, and to know if they acted under his authority." The following are some of the articles removed : A portrait of H. R. H. the Prince of Wales, G. M. (this had been presented to the lodge by Bro. Burden), the working tools of a Master Mason, a certain quantity of glasses (the number not known), and the whole of the R. A. furniture ; the "blue silk curtain which covered the arch" was also missing. On the 2nd April 1810 a letter from Bro. Burden was read, but it was not considered satisfactory. His 187 account of dues to the lodge was ordered to be made out and sent to him, and he resigned the lodge on the 19th April. Brother Burden appeai-s to have had some claim upon the property, and the brethren seem to have made up their mind that the property could not be recovered, for on the 17th May 1810 we find: "The Worshipful Master then proposed that a new canopy should be made for the chair of sky blue silk, that the chair should be painted and gilt with gold, that five collums {sic) or pedestals be made for the Ofiicers, that the candlesticks be gilt with gold." To I'eturn to St. Andrew's Lodge. The new lodge maintained its separate existence for the space of four years, during which it increased largely in numbers, while its parent, Carnatic Military, declined. In the first year of starting, 1810, there were 15 initiations and 5 joinings. In 1811, 11 were initiated and 16 joined. After this the records are not so accurately kept, but a long string of names, shows that the membership was well kept up. Many of the names of the Masons of 1810 will be familiar to those of the present day. John Fredrick Zscher- pel, Edward Atkinson, J. E. Branson, Hayes, Addison, Murray, Gray, Simpson, all well-known Madras names, showing that in many cases Freemasonry has been handed down in families for several generations. To return to Carnatic Military. On the 1st July 1810 the lodge met and was opened in the degree of Past Master, "when the Worshipful Master acquainted the lodge that E. Worshipful Brother H. D. Compton (appointed in Eng- land Superintendent of all the Royal Arch Chapters on the Coast of Coromandel) had offered his services to assist the brethren composing Lodge No. 2 Carnatic Military, when- ever it might be required of him, so that they might work in the Royal Arch under him and by his authority." A subscription list was started to re-furnish the chapter, Bro. Graves heading the list with 20 star pags. A Chapter named St. George's, No. 3, was soon after this opened by the brethren of C. M. 188 On Wednesday, 4th July 1810, Nicbolas Barnes, Lieut, in the R. N., was initiated and passed, and the following evening raised to the 3rd degree. More haste, worse speed, for on the 6th September Bro. Nicholas Barnes was fined one rupee for being repeatedly absent without apology. On the I5th September a curious incident occurred. The members of Lodge 863, Irish Const., held in H. M. 89bh Regt. (now the Royal Irish Fusiliers), asked the members of Carnatic Military to initiate two brethren for them, they being apparently short of officers. Just as the two candi- dates were about to be initiated, " Bro. Bendenoch of Lodge 863 came into the lodge room, and in a very gross and unmasonical manner stopped the proceedings.^' The brethren of his own regiment at last persuaded him (after a good deal of language had been spoken) to retire. But he came back again and ordered the brethren instantly to desist, " that they were working with Modern Masons, and that he would upset the lodge in ten minutes if they proceeded any further.'' The whole scene is amusingly characteristic, and reminds one of Rudyard Kipling's Ould Regiment.* The result of this interruption was, that these two brethren were initiated on a subsequent evening in the Carnatic Military Lodge. The members of Lodge 863, by the way, afterwards forsook their own Irish Constitution and took a warrant from the Pro. Grand Lodge of Madras, as Lodge Hibernia and Union, No. XI, in 1822. The follow- ing were the fees for degrees in the Carnatic Military Lodge in those days : — P. F. C. For initiation in the first degree ... ... ...6 Secretary and Tyler's fees ... ... ... 25 40 For being passed Fellow craft Secretary and Tyler's fees For being raised Master Mason Secretary and Tyler's fees Total Pagodas. .. 12 •" Tou remimber Peg Barney that was in " D" Comp'ny — Peg Barney that cleared ont the Blue Lights Jnhilee Meeting wid the cook room mop last year ?" (Soldiers Three, by Rudyard Kipling.) . 3 . 25 40 . 2 13 40 . 26 40 189 On the 27th December 1810 the usual half-yearly instal- lation took place. The officers were sworn in and the ceremony of installation took place, while the lodge was opened in the Past Master's degree. The Provincial Grand Lodge sat at 10 a.m. and was attended by the W.M. and Wardens of No. II. On the 18th February 1811 Mr. James Collington, Purser of H. M. Ship Blanch, was initiated, passed and raised the same evening. On the 18th June 1811, Lodge Universal Charity was opened. Among the founders were the following old members of Carnatic Military : John Burden, James B. Boswell, John Heal, Anthony French, while the following joined it after its formation : George Buttery, John Ravelli, William Snowball and Wm. Ben Jack. On the 17th July 1811 Bro. Thomas Smith was buried with Masonic honours. On the 20th August 1811 it was proposed to move the lodge from Fort St. George, to Pursewalkum on account of the heat of the lodge room in the Fort. Bro. Maggs informed the lodge that the late Native Infirmary was vacant, and intended for an Orphan Asylum. They hired this building from the Rev. Mr. Loveless for 8 star pagodas per month. The first meeting of the lodge in the new premises was held on the 29th August 1811. On the same day a letter was read from the Secretary of No. VI, St. Andrew's, informing them of the exclusion of a brother who was a member of both lodges. Carnatic Military accordingly suspended him from membership till he should be restored by No. VI. On the 19th September 1811 the lodge was put into mourning for the late Brothers Keble and Foote, and on the 5th December 1811. Lodges II, VI, VII, and VIII, met at the Exchange, Fort St. George, and walked to St. Mary's burial ground, where Brother William Macgregor was interred with Masonic honours. On St. John's day, 27th December 1811, the following Officers were appointed : — 190 J. Graves, W.M.; R. Fitzsimmons, 8.W.; W. Maggs, J.W. and Treasurer ; W. Fraser, P.M. ; W. Hogg, Secy. ; J. Williams, S.D. ; J. Branson, J,D. The lodge was left open till sunset when it was closedj and the brethren partook of an " Elegant entertainment." This entertainment led to an unfortunate breach of the peace. The whole of the minutes of the next meeting, a lodge of emergency called for the 30th December 1811, are taken up with the case, in which a brother of the lodge is accused of striking another brother, and when remonstrated with, attempting to pull the collar off the W.M. The offending brother, R. St. Leger Mitchell by name, was ordered to apologise, and was suspended for 3 months. On the 16th April 1812, Bros. J. Collins, R. Collins and Wm. Cox requested to be passed to the second degree, and agreed to " cloathe the lodge." On the 18th June Bro. Branson was requested to furnish the lodge with a " Set of Queen's Ware, etc., on the most reasonable terms." 1st August 1812, 3 candidates were initiated: Captain Charles Tolfrey, Ensign Thomas Thullier and Lieut. John Ewing. On the 17th September, 1812, we have the follow- ing, which might have been written to-day. The Wor. Master directs that a circular letter be written by the Acting Secretary to those brothers indebted to the lodge, requesting them to discharge their respective debts, or put them in a "train of liquidation." The latter alternative would suit a good many brethren of the present day. Brother R. St. Leger Mitchell seems to have been a discontented and most objectionable character. He with some other brethren proceeded to form a new lodge, to be called " St. Patrick's," No. XI, and to meet in the Fort. The petition was dated 28th June 1812, and was backed by the W. Masters of Xo. VI, IV, and VIII. The new lodge was opened, but our friend R. St. Leger Mitchell soon got himself expelled, even from the lodge of which he was founder and first Wor. Master. His offence was, that he expressed his contempt for 191 Masonry in open lodge, with the use of disgusting language, and he was very properly expelled from Masonry. Prom its foundation in 1812 to the time of its union with St. Andrew's Lodge in 1823, St. Patrick's Lodge continued to meet regularly. At the re-numbering of the lodges in 1820 it became No. VIIL On the 24th June 1823, the warrant of St. Pati'ick's was given up, the members joining with St. Andrew's Union (old Carnatic Military) as St. Andrew's and St. Patrick's Union. To return to Carnatic Military. On the 2nd April 1813 Brother Peter Highton was buried. The Chaplain, the Rev. Mr. Thompson, failed to put in an appearance. Bro. W. Eraser oflBciated, and a letter was written to Dr. Vaughan complaining of Mr. Thompson's conduct. A largely attended meeting of Masons was held at the Pavilion on the 14th September 1813 to prepare an address of wel- come to the Earl of Moira, which will be found on page 66. In January 1814 Bros. Eraser and Laird intimated the wish of the brethren of No. VI, St. Andrew's, to form a union with the members of Carnatic Military and to work under their warrant. Resolved "that Bro. Laird be requested to inform them that we highly approve of their laudable proposals, and that we are ready to negotiate with them on the subject when convenient to them." The officers for the first six months of 1814 were : — Bro. T. A. Bglan, W.M. ; W. Eraser, 8.W.; W. Urquhart, J.W. ; Preston, 8.D. ; Gray, J.B. The Secretary and Treasurer to continue in office. Resolved " As there are many useless articles of furniture and other lumber belonging to the lodge, that Bro. Graves be requested to select it and send it to Mr. Branson for public sale." Bro. T. A. Eglan, W.M., presented the lodge with a book of constitutions. A letter from No. XI, St. Patrick, was read, informing them that Brother Richard St. Leger Mitchell had been expelled from their lodge for " very improper conduct, and egregious contempt of the honourable fraternity." (See above.) 192 On the 29th March 1814 Bro. Burden rejoined the lodge as an honorary member, and on the 7th April 1 814 Bro. H. Compton, M. W., Prov. Grand Master, paid an official visit to the lodge and presided. The Prov. Grand Master gave a "beautiful illustration in Masonry, and desired us to be very cautious to examine into the character of those who offer themselves as candidates, and when admitted, to be careful to explain the different ceremonies to a new- made brother, and at his initiation to be serious and solemn lest by any misconduct you may turn it into ridicule." He then installed Bro. Fraser as W. M. again in the chair with the usual ceremony. Read a letter from Bro. William Hitchins, Commanding the ship Madras Packet, a modern Mason, made at the Isle of Prance, soliciting the indulgence of being passed over the antient ground and to become a contributing member to this lodge. The same was put to the ballot and found unanimous, and Bro. Hitchins was then truly enlightened into the secrets of ancient Masonry. We see here the difference between Antient and Modern Masonry thus clearly defined as late as 1814. At the next meeting, 21st April 1814, Captains Sar- torious and Johnson, also described as two modern brothers, the former initiated in a French Lodge at Isle of France, were " conducted over the antient ground as far as Master Mason much to their satisfaction." We next come to a list of outstanding dues on the 24th June 1814. Bro. Nic Barnes (he who got his degrees so quickly) heads the list with 49 pag. 20f. and the oft- repeated legend " Gone to Europe." Other brethren owed large sums, the Eev. E. Vaughan having the smallest amount against his name. The last election of officers took place on the 24th June 1814 with the following result ; — Bros. W. Maggs, W,M., again ; J. Graves, S. W.; W. Urquhart, /. W. ; J. MacDaniel, Treas. ; R. Titzsimons, See. ; J. Burden, S.D. 193 The last minute in the book is dated 7th July 1814, and contains the following items : — " Brother Burden having intimated his intention of proceeding to Bengal, it was agreed that the Secretary be requested to write to the Acting P. G. Master (Bro. Jebb) and to solicit his permission that Bro. Burden be the bearer of the jewel presented to the P. G. Master, Bro. Oompton." " By the late Europe arrivals, it is with great regret we have to annoance the death of our highly respected Bro., the late Provincial Grand Master Terence Gabagan, Esq., therefore it is resolved that the lodge go in mourning for 3 months, as a mark of respect. Busi- ness being over, the lodge was closed in due and ancient form and in perfect harmony. This ends the minute book of the Carnatic Military Lodge. At the other end of the book we find a list of the ■whole of the members of St, Andrew's, No. VI, and No II, Carnatic Military, which by conjunction formed No. II, St. Andrew's Union. It seems a pity that the old name was not kept up as well as the old number. St. Andrew's Union No. II must not be confounded with St. Andrew's Union No. X, at this time still working in Ceylon. It was on the 13th July 1814 that Lodge St. Andrews absorbed the remaining members of Carnatic Military. There were only 5 who joined ! William Maggs, William Snowball, Felix Robson, W. Gray and Jolin Collins. The lodge now took the name of St. Andrew's Union No. II. Its day of meeting was the 2nd Wednesday in each month, and its place of meeting a room in Port St. George, probably the same lodge room where Carnatic Military used to meet. St. Andrew's Lodge, although working under the Grand Lodge of England, adhered to the "Ancient" methods. For of J. E. Branson, who was initiated on the 5th June, 1811, a note is inserted: " Being a Modern Mason was put over the old ground." He was passed through all three ceremonies befoi'e he could be received as a member of the lodge. Not very 26 194 much can be gathered from the minutes of the Prov. Grand Lodge as to the history of St. Andrew's Union No. II. The master and officers were very regular in their attendance at the communications of the Prov. G. Lodge. In August 1815 the lodge subscribed 112 star pagodas towards the friends of a deceased brother named Lloyd. In 1817 the lodge gave a donation of 200 pagodas to a brother named Bishop. The lodge took part in the Masonic Service held at St. Mary's Church on the 3 1st August 1820 in memory of the late Prov. G. Master Jebb. When the returns from the Goromandel Coast were sent home in 1820 for the jQrst time since the Union, it was discovered that No. II. had no place in the Grand Lodge Register. Carnatic Military had been erased at the Union in 1814, and St. Andrews had never been registered, and therefore had no number. The lodge was however given the num- ber 601, which had belonged to the Lodge of Harmony at Hastings. The Grand Secretary seems to have been under the impression that St. Andrew's Union No. II was the old St. Andrew's Union No. X (590) which had been erased in 1813, but which was still working away in Ceylon. It was a very natural mistake to make, as he had never heard of St. Andrew's No. VI. If only Carnatic Military had adhered to its old name there would have been no confusion. The lodge contributed in December 1820, 175 rupees towards Jebb's monument. In 1823 another Union was effected, this time with St. Patrick's Lodge, which had been for some time past in rather a bad way. The warrant of St. Patrick's was return- ed to the Provincial Grand Secretary, and St. Andrew's, in taking in its members, altered its title to " St. Andrew's and St. Patrick's Union." This was too lengthy a title and, as a matter of fact, the lodge continued to be known as St. Andrew's Union, or sometimes only as St. Andrew's Lodge. The lodge seems to have gone into abeyance for several yeai's, subsequent to 1830. It was however revived again in 1838 and worked until 1841, when it became finally ex- 195 tinofc. Of its surviving members no less than seven were among those who re-opened Lodge Universal Charity in 1846. It is a matter of very great regret that in 1.846 the old St. Andrew's Union was not revivedjinsfcead of Universal Charity, which only dates from 1811. Had the older lodge been resuscitated, it would have been possible to get back the ancient name of Carnatic Military, and the lodge would have been at this date almost equal to Perfect Unanimity in antiquity and prestige. 196 PERFECT HARMONY, No. III. 1786—1810. At the time of tbe Union between the Athole and Regular Masons at Madrasin 1786, there were, besides the Provincial Grand Lodge No. 152, which became Perfect Unanimity No. 1, two other subordinate lodges. One of these had been established at St. Thomas' Mount on the 25th April 1779. At the Union, this lodge followed its parent's example and gave up its irregular warrant. It took the name of Perfect Harmony No. Ill, and was reconstituted by Brigadier-General Home. It obtained the number 610 on the Register of the Grand Lodge of England. The first list of members sent to England in 1 789 shows that there were nineteen members in the lodge. The following are their names : — Robert Mitchell, Richard Beck, Thomas Wise, Thomas Weedon, Samuel Dove, Matthew Balfour, William M'CoUum, Michael Hushes, Daniel Hughes, Francis Joyce, James Lombard, James McManus, John Sandon, Charles Gill, William M. Terling, Peter Miller, Thomas Back, James King, John Wass. In a general return of the lodges on the coast sent home in 1790, Lodge Perfect Harmony is entered as meeting at St. Thomas' Mount on the first and third Saturday of every month. There were only 12 members ; the following were the ofiicers : — James McManus, W.M.; John Sandon, S.W.; Robert Mitchell, P.M. SrTreas.i Thos. Wise, J.W. Sr Sec; Richard Beck, Samuel Dove, Matthew Balfour, P. Miller, F. Joyce, M. Hughes, D. Hughes, and W. Matthews, entered apprentice. At the renumbering of the lodges in 1792, Perfect Harmony became No. 419. In 1796 another return was sent to England. The lodge was still at St. Thomas' Mount. The following were the ofiicers : — William Lomas, W.M. ; William Clarke, 8.W. ; John Potts, J.W. ; James Morrison, T.M. ; Peter Kelly, Sec. ; Robert Mitchell, Treas. ; James Bains, 8.1). ; Richard Williams, J.B.; George Madden, Tylei-. 197 There wore in all 51 members of the Lodge, who are divided as to profession as follows : — Labourers 33, Car- penters 3, Hair dressers 2, Flax dresser 1, Stonecutter 1, Tanner 1, Sadler 1, Painter 1, Hosier 1, Cutter 1, Millwright 1, Cord wainer 1, Butcher 1, Weaver 1, Baker 1, Engraver 1. These brethren were probably all Soldiers, and the above trades were their callings previous to enlistment. The lodge suffered a good deal during the last war with TippoOj and after the taking of Seringapatam and downfall of the Tiger of Mysore, many of the brethren found themselves forming part of the garrison of Tippoo's old capital. They sent for the warrant which had been left at Trichinopoly, and re-opened the lodge. On the 27th December 1803 a letter from this lodge, dated Seringapatam, 20th December, was read before the Provincial G. Lodge. The brethren state : — " We have the pleasure to transmit enclosed a list of the members of Lodge No. Ill and five pagodas, being our half-yearly contribution to the Charity Fund. The period that has elapsed since we have had it in our power to communicate having, we imagine, occasioned our being discontinued in the Register of Working Lodges annually published in the Calendar. We deem it indispensably necessary and inform you of the unavoidable causes which have contributed to the partial suspensions of the meetings of a lodge, which in numerical order as well as in its style of working has ever held a distinguished situation in the annals of Ancient Masonry on the Coast of Coromandel. The warrant at the latter end of the year 1798 was held by the 1st battalion artillery at St. Thomas' Mount, and the subsequent dispersion of that corps was fatal for a time to the prosperity of the lodge. The warrant, furniture, &c., was after their removal deposited at Trichinopoly, and as after the war the headquarters of the corps was fixed at this station, a considerable period had elapsed before a sufficient number of t^e survivors met, and a still greater before the warrant was received from the Carnatic. A more fortunate era has at length commenced, and we have the pleasure to acquaint you that our meetings on the 1st and 3rd Thursdays of every month, regular lodge nights, and on every Tuesday night for the purpose of lecturing, have been continued for some time." 198 Aftei' apologising for tine small sum sent:, they go on to say : — " We have also to hope, being the first regular lodge ever permanently established in Mysore, that No. Ill will experience the indulgent attention of the Grand Master.'' (Signed) Robt. Mitchell, W.M.i Will. Lewis, S.W. ; L. Reddy, J.W.; Peter Kelly, Secretary. Seeingapatam, 20th Dec, 1803. Another letter was addressed to the P. Gr. Lodge on the 28tli March 1804, asking for a reply to the former letter. This produced a letter from the P. G. Sec, Bro. Kerr, apologising for the delay in replying to their letter, and informing them of the great satisfaction experienced by the P. G. Lodge at their communication. From the records of the Provincial G. Lodge we find that the lodge continued working steadily, sending remittances from time to time. Three pagodas were sent in July 1804. On the 18th May 1805 : "Read letter from Bro. Mills, Secretary to Lodge No. Ill at Seringapatam, under date the 26th of April, together with the extract of proceedings relative to a dispute between Bro. King and Bro. Clarke. The Prov. G. Lodge having deliberately weighed all the circumstances laid before them in the proceedings of Lodge No. Ill resolved that the proceedings of Lodge No. Ill be given to Bro. King for the purpose of affording him an oppor- tunity of elucidating the matter under discussion." It was also resolved to inform No. Ill that Lodge No. IX (Unity, Peace and Concord) has been suspended, and Lodge No. IV (Social Friendship) dispossessed of its warrant for unmasonic conduct, and to warn them not to admit Bros. Lloyd and Clarke of No. IX should they come to Seringapatam. In September 1805 the half- yearly dues of 5 pagodas were sent to P. G. L. with a list of newly installed officers. In January 1806 Brother Luke Reddy, a P. M. of No. Ill, apologised for non-attendance. The by-laws of the lodge were sanctioned. In May 1806 the lodge reported to P. G. L. that in consequence of alterations in the garrison of Seringapatam 199 it was probable they would be disturbed. The P. Gr. Secretary wrote to ofEer assistance in preserving the build- ing in which the lodge had been held. It is impossible now to discover whereabouts in Seringapatam the lodge was held, as most of the old bungalows are in ruins. Mr. Smith, the paymaster at Seringapatam, who is referred to as a zealous Brother, was asked to exert himself in their behalf. In January 1807 the Secretary, in sending the half-yearly dues, reported, that owing to great sickness in the place they had lost two of their officers. This no doubt refers to an outbreak of cholera or fever. Seringapatam is a notoriously unhealthy place. On the 16th January 1808 Bro. Reddy sent a list of members and 5 pagodas. In January 1809 Bro. J. Hutchinson, W. M., sent a list of officers and dues. In December 181 1 Bro. J. Ellis was W. M. In 1812 the returns were again punctually rendered with a list of 10 members. In 1813 the officers of Lodge Fortitude and Perseverance, No. XII., were installed at Seringapatam by No. III. 1813 is the date of the last communication received from Seringapatam. The lodge apparently died a natural death, owing to removals and deaths, and was never revived. In 1814 the European garrison was removed from Seringapatam owing to the unhealthiness of the spot. The Number III. on the Coast left vacant by the decease of Perfect Harmony was granted to Lodge Boch at Trichinopoly on its formation in 1816. Seringapatam has been for many years in ruins. The Railway from Bangalore to Mysore now passes through a breach in the old walls, close to the place where the British stormed the fort in 1799. 200 SOCIAL FRIENDSHIP, No. IV. 1787—1804 Lodge No. IV. of Social Friendship, was warranted by Prov. Grand Master M. Home at the Revival, about the year 1787. In the list of members sent home in 1789, the lodge membership shows a total of 35, and it was apparently in a flourishing state. In the 1790 return the lodge is entered as meeting at Madras, on the first and third Wednesdays of every month. It was evidently a lodge composed of brethren whose social status was not quite as high as that of the members of the Steward'slodge, or Lodge Perfect Unanimity. The place of meeting was a lodge room in Fort St. George. The lodge obtained the number 511 on the Grand Lodge list. The ofiBcers in 1790 were : — Robert Peirson W.M. Richard Gardiner S.W. John Gill J.W. There were in all uineteen resident members, and seven non-resident on half dues. One member of the lodge, George Sackwell, schoolmaster, had been initiated in 17(57, and another, James Hayes, soldier, in 1770. The others had evidently joined since the revival. Seventeen out of the whole number were military, probably non-commissioned officei's. Peirson, the W. M., was a Tavern-keeper. At the revison of numbers in 1 792 the lodge became No. 420. A return of members in 1796 shows a great falling off. Only eleven members were left : Isaac Watkins W.M. Richard Perriman P.M. 8f Treas. Thos. Holesworth S. W. Joka Weible J.W. John Balfour ti.D. James James J.D. George Moss ^'ec. Henry Roger Steward. Oliver Coglan, Heni-y Dawson and John Shaw,-Jiitf?«6er»-. 201 Five of the above are entered as Knight Templars and two as Royal Arch. The rest Master Masons. The Koight Templars^ degree was in those days, evidently not a very exclusive one. The first reference to Lodge No. IV. appears in the minutes of Prov. G. Lodge, dated 2nd March 1800, when a letter signed by J. Godfrey, the Sec, was read, giving the following extract from the minutes of the lodge of 25th February 1800 :— " Eesolved unanimously that Brother William Phillips be excluded from this lodge and be reported to the Provincial Grand, for their decision, for non-attendance to the duties of the lodge, for standing in debt and not taking any steps to discharge it and for contempt to the W. M., officers and members in not answering a letter sent to him bearing date the 5th February 1800." This exclusion was confirmed by the P. G. Lodge. The W. M. and representatives of the lodge were most regular in their attendance at the meetings of the Prov. G. Lodge, In 1801 Brother M'Daniel was W. Master. In December of that year the lodge expelled Thomas Williams, a mem- ber, for very improper conduct. On the 27th December 1802 Brother Seal was installed as W. M. In 1803 the Secretary reported to the Prov. G. Secretary that Lodge No. IV., Social Friendship, " meets on the 1st and 3rd Fridays in each month at No. 4, Gaol Street, op- posite the Debtors' Jail, Black Town, Madras." He also sent an extract from the minutes to the effect that the lodge fully concurred in the agitation raised by Lodge No. IX. under Bro. Orucefix, against the undue parti- ality shown to Lodge Perfect Unanimity. The Prov. Grand Lodge pointed out to No. IV. the im- propriety of their conduct. The two lodges, however, IV. and IX., seem to have made common cause, with the result that both were suspended. Unity, Peace and Concord to revive again, but Social Friendship to be utterly abolished. At the meeting of the Prov. Grand Lodge held at the 26 202 Pantheon on the 7th April 1 801, the W. M. of No. IV., Bro. Taylor, laid on the table his minute book, together with two letters from members of his lodge, withdrawing from Masonry, owing, as they stated, to the high-handed and arbitrary proceedings of the P. G. L. A committee was appointed to investigate the matter on the 5th July 1804. The committee consisted of Bros. Westcott, Smith and Kerr. There seem to have been other troubles in the lodge, and our old friend, Bro. Burden, the stormy petrel after- wards, of Garnatic Military and one of the founders of Universal Charity, appears to have been mixed up in the affair. Bro. Taylor, the W. M., was accused of having committed certain masonic secrets to writing. He acknow- ledged his handwriting, and said he got what he had written from a copy written by Bro. Clarke, late of the Lodges Nos. IV. and IX., and from a certain printed book. The result of the investigation was as follows : — Lodge No. IV. "Resolved to recommend to the Grand Lodge that a letter be written to No. IV. stating the particular ill-conduct of the Worship- ful Master, and the conduct of the Brothers Burden, Byrn and Smith in nncloatbing as extremely reprehensible. Recommending that Brother Tajlor be disgraced in the Lodge." That no members in future should be received into Lodge No. IV. but by ballot behind a screen or under an apron, and that the show of hands be never adopted for the initiation into Masonry. On the 1st of August 1804 the Prov. Grand Lodge solemnly abolished Lodge No. IV. They state : — " The Grand Lodge take this opportunity of expressing their abhor- rence of the conduct which has been adopted in Lodge No. IV. of writing out the most secret and solemn parts of Freemasonry, and the Grand Lodge would not hesitate to inflict the severest penalties on the late Worshipful Master, Brother Taylor, for so doing, were it not that they are well informed that such conduct on his part has been owing to the advice of a disgraced Brother, who has for some time by his intrigues done all in his power to destroy Masonic harmony, and put the lodges where he has had access into confusion. Brother Taylor, however, must never hold an office in any lodge." 203 The papers written by Brother Taylor were burned in the presence of the lodgeSj by order of the Most Wor. Prov. Grand Master. So ended the unhappy Lodge No. IV. It never revived again. In Lane's Mas. Records^ page 153, Ist edition, it is mixed up with Lodge Rock, which latter came into being in 1816 as No. III. There was never any connection between the two. Social Friendship began and ended as a Madras Lodge. After its peremptory execution by the P. G. Lodge, its place was given to the St. Thomas' Mount Social Friendship, No. VI., which thus became No. IV- on the Coast of Ooromandel. 204 COAST OF COROMANDEL, No. V. 1787—1794. The name of this lodge has never come to light. In all probability it never had one. It is described in Lane's Mas. Records, page 153, as having been warranted at Trichino- poly in 1787 at the Revival. It obtained the number 512, and at the revision in 1792 it became 421. According to the return of I 789, there were 25 members in the lodge. The following were the oflB.cers : — James Triader W.M. Edward Cuthbert S.W. John Wmiam J.W. Sam. Chaplin Treas. Patrick Killen Sec. ^Thos. Scuffin Tyler, In the 1790 return the lodge is called No. V., Trichi- nopoly, but no information is given as to its day of meeting. There were, however, at that time eighteen members belong- ing to the lodge. This is the last return ever sent in by this anonymous lodge. In 1 793 the officers of the lodge visited Lodge Perfect Unanimity, and were received with Masonic honours. (See History of Lodge P. U.) It would seem that the lodge was broken up by the transfer of its members from Trichi- nopoly to St. Thomas' Mount, and the warrant was returned to the Prov. Gr. Lodge in 1794 with the following letter: — TO THE R.;W. GEORGE CHALMER, Esq., Grand Secretary. B,. W. SiK AifD Brother, — The enclosed warrant has been deli?- ered to me by some of the Brethren formerly composing the '^. Lod ere No. Y., with a request of its being returned to the R. W. the Grand Lodge. I have the honor to be, R.W. Sir and Brother, your most obedient servant and afiectionate Brother, C. F. Mandeville, W. M. of Lodge No. YII. Mount, 7^ Nov. 1794, A. L. .5794. Some of the Brethren who had belonged to this lodge afterwards helped to resuscitate Lodge Social Friendship, No. VI., at St. Thomas' Mount. The Number V. on the Coast was afterwards (1812) given to the Lodge of United Friendship. 205 SOCIAL FRIENDSHIP, No. VI., Afteewabds No. IV. 1787—1863. This lodge, which at one period of its history was one of the leading lodges in Madras, was another of the Revival Lodges of 1 787, which flourished for a time and then expired, to be revived later on for a renewed period of usefulness. The lodge is described in 1790 as meeting at St. Thomas' Mount, on the first and third Saturday in every month. In a return to the Grand Lodge dated 27th December 1789 the following are named as officers : — Charles Carlisle W.M. Richard Howley 8.W. John Nelson J.W. Richard Darke Sec. There were besides twelve other members, among whom was Joseph Moorhouse. No less than six out of the sixteen had been members of the old A thole Lodge 152, whose other members founded Perfect Unanimity at the union, Joseph Moorhouse being an original member both of No. I. and No. VI. The membership of the lodge seems to have been entirely among officers in the Artillery, stationed at St. Thomas' Mount. Lodge Social Friendship may there- fore claim an equal antiquity with Lodge Perfect Unani- mity. It had not, however, the same unbroken record, for it ceased to meet before the end of the century, and though revived again in 1801, it could never have proved its unbroken descent from the old Athole Lodge. It is impossi- ble to state the exact date at which Lodge Social Friend- ship went into abeyance, but it was revived in 1801, by some of its original members, assisted by brethren from the defunct lodges, V. and VII. The three which thus united were therefore No. V., name unknown. No. 512; No. VI., Social Friendship, St. Thomas' Mount, No. 513, and Solid Friendship, Trichinopoly, No. VII., No. 572. 206 The followiug extract from the minutes of Prov. Gr. Lodge, dated St. John's Day, 24th June 1801, describes the fouudation, or rather the revival of the lodge : " The R.W. A.P.Gr.M. (Major-G-enl. Collins) acquaints the lodge that certain brethren belonging to the Artillery at St. Thomas' Mount and members of Lodges Nos. V., VL, and VII., which have ceased to work, had made application for a new warrant as No. VI. That the Master and Wardens named King, Leary, and Frederick, were Non-Gommissioned Officers, and were so very strongly recommended by Brother Lieut.-Col. Carlisle, that he the R. W. had authorized them to assemble, and had directed the Secretary to make out a new warrant." The above mentioned brethren, Arthur King, Thomas Leary and John Frederick, the Master and Wardens of the new lodge, appeared on the same day and did homage. From this period Lodge No. VI. appears to have been regularly represented by its officers at the meetings of the P. G. Lodge. At the December meeting in 1802 the Master and officers of the lodge did not appear, all being absent on service. In the revolt of lodges against the Prov. Gr. Lodge in 1804, S. P. took no part. There were, however, certain matters of dispute which had to be adjusted by the com- mittee of P. Gr. L. Brother Ward, the W. M. of the lodge, was rebuked for bringing an objectionable member into the lodge. The following is the actual finding of the Grand Lodge Com- mittee : — No. VI. " The Commifctee resolved to recommend to the Grand Lodge that a letter be written to Lodge No. VI. by the Grand Secretary, stat- ing the following circumstances : — That Brother Ward as acting Master should not have presented friend Anderson to the Lodge as a candidate for becoming a member, in opposition to the recorded opinion of the absent Worshipful Master, and the strong remon- strance of the brethren present. That altho' a man may not be objectionable as a Mason, yet he may be objectionable as a member in a particular lodge, &c., &o. 207 The committee think that Brother Ward committed an error of judgment only. They therefore recommend that all cause of dissension which has arisen regarding this case be for ever forgotten." The Madras lodges at this time, with the exception of Perfect Unanimity, appear to have had a very small num- ber of brethren. On the 27th December 1804, 7 brethren formed Garnatic Military, while even in Social Friendship there were only 14. Henry Ostheider was W.M., Samuel Jones and John Jeats Wardens. The following extract from the minute book, shows how a man sometimes suffers for the sins of his wife : — " Brother S. having petitioned the lodge for advancement, it was proposed and agreed to and accordingly put to the ballot, whether or not Brother S. should be advanced, or even continued as a mem- ber of the lodge, unless he put away his wife, she being convicted of having behaved in a loose and indecent and scandalous manner in various instances, particularly during his absence at Seringapa- tam on command. The poll proved against him by 10 to 3, on which he was directed to withdraw, and his name struck out of the lodge." Poor Brother S. We sincerely trust that he corrected his wife with a thick stick, on returning home from lodge that night. The expelled brother very naturally appealed to the Prov. Grand Lodge, with the result that about a year after, he was re-admitted by order of the Grand Lodge. The lodge was a most regular attendant at the communi- cations of the P. G. L. In 1805 Wor. Bro. Ostheider again became W. M. J. Forsyth was Secretary. On the 27th December 1805 Wor. Bro. Jones attended the P. G. L. as Wor. Master. The quarterly dues from the lodge amounted to only 2 pagodas. In April 1806 Forsyth was again Wor. Master and Jones had reverted to Junior Warden. This looks as if the number of members was very small. Jones came back to the chair in June 1806. At the re- numbering and closing up of the lodges which took place 208 in 1806, Social Friendship obtained the number IV. left vacant by the suppression of its namesake in 1804. In July 1806 Benjamin Spratt, Secretary, wrote to say that the Lodge would cheerfully contribute to the Grand Lodge, but that their situations in life did not admit of paying more than half fees. A brother named Byrne, who had been expelled from the old No. IV., wished to join the lodge. A letter was sent to the P. G. Lodge asking for the required permission. Brother Byrne said in his petition, that his old lodge had been broken up before he could obtain a certificate, and that he had received no notice that any censure had been passed upon him by the Grand Lodge. This application was read before the Prov. G. Lodge in January 1807 and Brother Byrne allowed to join No. IV. On the 24rth June 1807 the following officers attended the meeting of Prov. G. Lodge : — John Forsyth, W. M. ; Fred. Wielman, S. Warden. In September 1S08 a letter was sent to the Provincial Grand Secretary stating that a brother of the lodge had been expelled from Freemasonry for a gross violation of the obligation in the 3rd degree. The sentence of expulsion was confirmed by the P. G. Lodge. The expelled brother wrote a letter of humble apology, which was forwarded to P. G. L., but the sentence was not remitted. The officers of the lodge in April 1807 were : — G. Gibson, W. M. ; F. Wielman, S. W. ; G. Godfrey, J. W. ; and John Robertson, Secretary. At the meeting of P. G. Lodge held in September 1809, a letter was read from the Secretary of No. IV., dated 23rd September, stating that there were only two members then at the Mount, belonging to the lodge. The rest, chiefly military men, had been ordered on command, which pre- vented them from opening a lodge, and consequently from communicating with the P. G. Lodge till the return of a sufficient number of members to carry on the duties of the craft. In March 1810 there were still only two members 209 at the Mountj the other members being in the field. At the meeting in June, however, the lodge was represented and the dues were paid. The above mentioned expelled brother again submitted an application for read mission to Masonic rights, which was rejected by the Provincial Grand Lodge. The quarterly dues had by this time been raised to 5 pagodas, which were regularly paid. In 1814 a com- plaint was laid against the Worshipful Master of the Lodge, Bro. Hutchinson. The following extract from the minute book describes the affair : — St. Thomas' Mount, 27th December, St. John's Day. The Breth- ren met agreeably to former resolution and opened on the 1st degree, when the following brethren were present : — Brothers Forsyth, oldest Mason, acting W. M. ; Mackenzie, S. W. ; Brindley, acting J. W.; Wielman, P. M.; Warden, Tyler; Gahan, F. 0., as S. D. ; Pilking, J. D. ; Eobertson, M. M. ; and 4 others. Absent : — Brother Hutchinson, W. M., much abused but without apology to the Brethren deputed to wait on him ; Brother Ross on duty ; Myln and Lang, sick. After the minutes of last meeting were read, the acting W. M. stated to the Brethren present that he had received a summons by the Peon of the Grand Lodge, directing the usual attendance of the OfiBcers at a quarterly communication to be held in the " Pantheon " at half-past 10 o'clock, 27th instant, which summons the acting W. M. sent faithfully to the W. M. Brother Hutchinson, who did not promulgate it, but did in a very unmasonio manner refuse to having it in his possession, and grossly abused Brothers Brindley, Macken- zie, Wielman and Gahan, when they waited on him for the summons for the Grand Lodge, and other necessary things having in his possession that could not be dispensed with. When the Brethren present came to the unanimous resolution to expell him this Lodge and report his conduct to the P. G. Lodge for their final decision. Brother Robertson was elected in the place of Brother Hutchinson as W. M. The P. G. Lodge ordered Brother Hutchinson to attend the next meeting of the G. Lodge and reply to the charge preferred against him. At the next meeting Bro. Hutchinson did not turn up or send any apology, but as it appeared that he was away on duty, the matter was allowed to stand over till his return. 27 210 Nothing more is heard of the matter in the minutes of P. G. L. In April 1815 a Grrand Lodge pension of 5 Pagodas per mensem was voted to the widow of the late Wor. Brother Forsyth, who had died in February. From this time till 1820 there is no notice of anything relating to the lodge in the minutes of Prov. G. Lodge. The officers do not seem to have missed attending the com- munications of the P. G. Lodge, and their qaarterage was regularly paid. In 1819 Brother Smith's name appears as Worshipful Master. In 1820 the lodge took part in the funeral service held in memory of the late P. G. Master R. Jebb. It does not appear at what time the lodge ceased to meet at the Mount, but after this period we find the lodge established in Madras. The lodge contributed 35 rupees towards Jebb's monument. In 1822 the Worshipful Master recommended that a widow named Patterson should receive a pension. Indeed the W. M. of this lodge appears to have been for very many years the Almoner of the District Grand Charity Fund. Lodge Soaial Friendship was present at the foundation stone ceremony of the Orphan Asylums in Black Town on the 15th September 1823. The lodge was also present at the Masonic service held in St. Andrew's Kirk on the 15th April 1825. On the 24th June 1825 Worshipful Brother Williams, the Worship- ful Master of the Lodge, acted as P. G. J. Deacon at the meeting of P. G. Lodge. On the 24th June 1826, the last recorded meeting- of P. G. Lodge in the old minute book, the Master and officers of the lodge were present, and paid 34-8, their dues up to date. From 1826 to 1834 no information about the lodge is obtainable, though it is certain that the brethren con- tinued to meet regularly. At the closing up of the lodges in 1832 the lodge number became 326. 211 In 1834 the Wor. Master of Social Friendship, Hugh Meredith, wi'ote a letter to the Prov. Grand Secretary to complain that the returns of the lodge had not been sent to England for a very long time, although the dues had been regularly paid to Prov. Grand Lodge. The result of this neglect was, that the members of Social Friendship were not registered on the books of the Grand Lodge of England. They asked to have their money back, or that their affairs might be adjusted as soon as possible. Meredith signed the letter as W. M. of No. II. Social Friendship must there- fore have gone above both St. Andrews No. II. and Bock No. III. some time after 1830. Both these lodges had been for some time in abeyance, and it may have been sup- posed that they had ceased to exist. In 1840 the following were the members of the lodge : — W. T. Ethersey, Wor. Master; J. Williams, J. C. Smith, H. P. Lear, R. Angel, T. Brett, R. Taylor, T. Fitzgerald, John Hall, P. Guerrin, J. W, Day, P. A. Johannes, George Bddington, E. G. Papel, S. Rezin, J. N. Heefke, J. T. Herry, J. Poothead, John Jordan and Thomas Williamson. R. Taylor was Secretary. He became Wor. Master in succession to Ethersey. John Williams was the oldest member made in the lodge, having been initiated in 1820. J. N. Heefke was an old Past Master of Universal Charity. The lodge met in the old lodge room at Fort St. George. The Wor. Master of Social Friendship appears to have still occupied the position of Almoner to the Prov. Grand Lodge. The widows on the fund at this time (1841) were 9 in number, receiving 7 rupees each. Mrs. Forsyth (mention- ed above) was still on the list ! At the resuscitation of Lodge Universal Charity in 1846, several Brethren of Lodge 8. F. forsook their allegiance and took part in the revival. This led to a sore feeling between Social Friendship and Universal Charity, which however did not last very long. About this time (1846) the lodge was in a very flourish- ing state. 212 The brethren seem to have devoted a good deal of atten- tion to the literature of Freemasonry, with the inevitable result of an increased interest, and an improved state of things generally. In 1847 the members of the lodge founded an Independ- ent Masonic Fund for Southern India, and to further the objects of this fund, the Secretary of the lodge, Bro. J. Gr. Lawrence, published a monthly magazine, called the Madras Freemasons' Herald. This little paper is now of extreme rarity ; very few copies of it are known to exist. Prom its pages a great deal of information about the lodges of the district, and more particularly Social Friendship, is obtain- able. In the first number a list of lodges at the Presidency town is given, with the various side degrees working in connection with the lodge. Prom this list it appears that the members of Lodge Social Friendship, in addition to their Royal Arch Chapter, worked the degrees of Knight Templar, High Priests, Rose Croix and Harodin, Excellent Master, Mark Master and Royal Ark Mariner. The Wor. Master of the lodge at this time was a very able Mason named B. G-. Papell, who was not only a working Mason, but a well read one. He contributed many articles to the Herald. The regular meeting of the lodge was held on the third Thursday of every month, but there were lecture meetings on the 1st, and Lodges of Instruction on the 2nd and 4th Thursdays as well. The Knight Templar Encampment attached to the lodge was in a particularly flourishing condition. On the 23rd September Bro. Glover, Prov. Grand Secre- tary, and Major Pitt Macdonald, S. Warden of the Rock Lodge, Trichinopoly, were installed in the Templar Degree by the B. C, B. G. Papell. The reports of the lodge meetings, as given in the Freemasons' Herald, show a very prosperous state of affairs. On the 27th December 1847, Wor. Bro. E. G. Papell was again installed as W. M. of the lodge. " In accordance with long established usage, the brethren assembled at daybreak, on the green in front of the lodge 213 room, where they were met by the Wor. Master elect, bearing in his hands the time honoured ' Blue Banner ' of the lodge, which was greeted with three hearty cheers ! and the ' Banner Song ' of Social Friendship, written by Bro. J. W. Day, P. S. W., having been sung, the brethren were called in to labour." — M. F. Herald. The following is the song referred to : — On thy bulwarks Saint George, whilst the day beam is breaking And hoarsely the waves roll in foam to thy strand ; Each pulse of our bosoms to pleasure awaking True love has assembled our mystical band. To raise our blue banner, whilst ocean gales fan her As oft they have done on these ramparts before. And vow to defend her, should perils attend her With heart and with hand like our brethren of yore. Her blazon of light has for ages and ages. Still shed like a beacon its radiance afar ; The safeguard of rulers — the spell want of sages, The hope of the weary — true liberty's star. Unroll then our banner, may fortune's wind fan her Alike in the sunshine or bleak tempest's roar ; With zeal we'll attend her, with vigour defend hei- From rest and from stain, like our brethren of yore. Her hue she derives from the blue vault of heaven. To point where our thoughts and our wishes should tend ; Her emblems and precepts, to teach us were given Our duty thro' life, and our hopes to its end. Then up with our banner, may friendship's breath fan her. May she wave o'er this lodge for a thousand years more. At work we'll attend her, in need we'll defend her With heart and with hand like our brethren of yore. Beneath her bland shadow, the wayworn and stranger. The widow and orphan find shelter and rest ; Her symbols are passports through trouble and danger, Her doctrines are wisdom the purest and best. Then hail to our banner 1 in Mason-like manner. The ensign of peace, thro' the breeze let her soar; May blessings attend her, may God still defend her. And share us to lift her for many years more. 214 Bro. J. W. Day seems to have been a bit of a poet, for he contributed a great many effusions to the Masonic Press. He was Quarter Master Sergeant of the 19th M.N. I., and afterwards W. M. of the Neilgherry Lodge in Ootacamund, where he died in 1850. To continue the account of the Installation on St. John's Day, 27th December 1847. Wor. Bro. H. Kennet was elected Treasurer, and Bros. J. Foothead and J. G. Law- rence became Wardens, the latter also continuing as Secretary. The lodge was adjourned until the evening, when it resumed its labours, honoured by the presence of Very Wor. Bro. W. Glover, Prov. G. Secretary. A fraternal visit was paid to Lodge Universal Oharity, who were apparently holding a similar meeting somewhere near. The lodge then united with the George and William Lodge, No. 328, Scotch Constitution, in the 94th Regiment, and the united brethren partook of a banquet. Three pages of the Herald are devoted to the account of this festive occasion. At the regular meeting in March 1848, Lodge Universal Charity returned their call, and visited Social Friendship in state. The slight irritation which had been caused at the reopening of Universal Charity appears to have been quite forgotten. At the reopening of the Provincial Grand Lodge in May 1848, at the Installation of R. Wor. Bro. J. Binny Key as Dep. P. G. M., the Wor. Master and officers of Social Friend- ship were present, but were not honoured with any recogni- tion of their services to masonry. At the July meeting of the lodge, a letter was read from Wor. Bro. W. T. Ethersey, an old Past Master of the lodge. He was elected an ordinary member, and the resolution was ordered to be sent to him, engrossed on vellum in gold letters as a token of esteem. The lodge had elected the Venerable Brother Dr. Oliver as an honorary member, and at the September meeting a letter from him was read, intimating his acceptance of the honour conferred upon him. 215 Lodge Social Friendship was at this time in a most flour- ishing condition. It numbered amongst its brethren a large proportion of reading Masonsj who are always the backbone of the Craft. The names of thirteen brethren of the lodge appear as subscribers to Dr. Oliver's last work, " The Symbol of Glory." The second lecture in that book, on the "Poetry and Philosophy of Masonry " is dedicated to the following brethren : — Bros. E. G. Papell, J. G. W. and W. M. ; Thomas Morris, 8. W. ; Charles F. Browne, /. W. ; William Clarke, P. M. ; Henry Kenneb, Treas. and P. M. ; Wm. Boyd, Sec. ; John Melton, 8. D. ; Wm. Geo. Turner, /. D. ; Jas. G. Lawrence, J. Arnold Hider, Stewards, of the Lodge Social Friendship, No. 326, Port St. George, Madras. This letter is dated Scopwick Vicarage, July 1, 1849. In December 1 848 Wor. Bro. E. G. Papell was installed as Wor. Master for the fourth time, and on the 20th January 1849 he was appointed Junior Grand Warden of the Pro- vincial Grand Lodge, an appointment which gave great satisfaction to the brethren. During the year 1 849 the place of meeting of the lodge was altered. For twenty-four years the lodge had met in the Fort, receiving the use of the room from Government rent free. The membership having now largely increased, it became necessary to look for new premises, which were found in the Bgmore Road. The old lodge room on the north rampart of Fort St. George still exists. It is now used as a guard room, and the wonder is that even the smallest lodge possible could have found room to work in it. In their new premises the lodge continued to work steadily, the lectures and Lodges of Instruction being well sustained. During the year 1849 a now lodge, Pilgrims of Light was founded by some members of Universal Charity, but it did not exist for very long. Wor. Bro. B. G. Papell was 216 the presiding spirit. The two lodges used to meet in the same lodge I'oom, and occasionally on the same night, one after the other. Most of the members seem to have belonged to both lodges. In 1850 Bro. W". Boyd became Wor. Master, and Wor. Bro. Kennet was again elected as Treasurer. In April 1850 the lodge was placed in mourning for three months in respect to the memory of Wor. Bro. W. McTaggart. In June 1850 the Independent Masonic Charity Fund celebrated its third anniversary. The following were the results of three years' work : Rs. 1,057-4-10 invested, Rs. 579-10-11 in the bank, and had distributed 264 Rs. to widows and Rs. 253-14-13 to aged Freemasons, besides having two widows on its funds with an allowance of 100 Rs. per annum. The expenses of management for three years had amounted to only 7 Rs. 15 annas, and incidental expenses, peon's wages, stationery, postage, etc., to Rs. 102-13-0. This fund was not entirely supported by Social Friendship, but BocTc, Trichinopoly, and Faith, Hope and Charity, Ootacamund, also contributed to it. In November 1850 the lodge opened in the Mark and Ark Masonic degree, and advanced three brethren : — Arthur McDonald Ritchie, H. S. S. Burney, and 0. A. Roberts, all three very distinguished Masons. On St. John's Day, 27th December 1850, Bro. W. Boyd was re-elected as Master for 1851, and re-appointed the following as officers : — F. B. Davidson 8. W. and Secretary. Wor. Bro. H. Kennet... /. W. and Treasurer. „ „ Snelgrove S. D. „ „ E. G. Papell , Librarian. A handsome piece of plate was presented to Wor. Bro. Bdmond George Papell, Pr. Sr. G. Warden and P. M. of the Lodge and W. M. of Lodge Pilgrims of Light, No. 831. 217 In March 1851 portraits of Wor. Brothers H. Kennet and E. G. Papell were painted for the lodge by Bro. P. J. Jupe. In May 1851 the lodge rooms suffered very severely from a great storm which took place, which necessitated an entire rebuilding of the premises. This was a very heavy blow, which the fsinds of the lodge were quite unable to meet. As the records of the lodge have perished, it is impossible to say how long Social Friendship continued to meet. It was finally erased from the list of lodges in 1862. Thus ends the history of a lodge, which has the credit of reviving and purifying Masonry, at a time when ignorance and exclusiveness seemed supreme. Many other lodges have passed away and left no trace behind, but the literary efforts of Lodge Social Friendship from 1847 to 1851 will cause its name to be remembered for ever. 2a 218 SOLID FRIENDSHIP, No. VII. a. 1789—1799. This lodge was warranted by Brigadiei'-General Horne on the 6th July 1789 at Trichinopoly and was the last of the Revival Lodges. It probably owed its origin to the revival of Masonry at Trichinopoly caused by the transfer to that station of the Provincial Grand Master himself. Only one return was ever sent in from this lodge, dated 22nd December 1789, or 5793 as they erroneously term it. From this return we glean the following list of officers : — Robert Bell W. Master. C. T. Mandeville S. W. Robert Sale /. W. Stephen S wain Sec. Thomas Parr Treasurer. Besides the above officers there were thirty-two members of the lodge, 24 of whom were but entered apprentices, showing what a number had recently joined the lodge. The lodge obtained the number 572, which became 481 in 1792. Most of the brethren who formed No. VII. were trans- ferred from Trichinopoly about the time that Lodge No. V. also left the station. This was about the year 1794. Bro. Mandeville wai< W. M. at this date. See Hist, of No. v., p. 204. The members who were stationed at the Mount joined with others of Nos. V. and VI. in 1801 to revive No. VI., Social Friendship. 819 STRENGTH AND BEAUTY, No. ^III. 1795—1806. UNITY AND FRIENDSHIP, No. VII. b. 1802—1809. On the 1st August 1795, a warrant was granted to certain brethren at Vellore to hold a lodge. This lodge was named Strength and Beauty, and at one period of its short existence was in a very flourishing state. By some oversight, the constitution of this lodge was not reported to the authorities in England, so the lodge never obtained a place on the Grand Lodge register. The warrant was granted by John Ghamier, Prov. G. Master. The first mention of this lodge in the P. G. Lodge records is on the 20th September 1801, when the Secretary " delivers in a list of members of Lodge No. VIII. at Vellore, trans- mitted to him from Brother Godfrey, the Secretary of that lodge." The lodge at this period contained a large num- ber of officers and men of the 33rd Regiment, which was then stationed at Vellore. The 33rd Regiment had been in possession of an Athole warrant. No. 90, which they had lost. They do not seem to have had the smallest idea that the Madras lodges were not Athole also, from the similarity of the working to that which they were accustomed to. On the 24th June 1802 a petition was received from the Master and Officers of No. VIII. at Vellore. The letter is not preserved, but it appears the regiment being about to go on service, they asked for a travelling warrant, to enable them to meet as a lodge wherever they might be stationed. Brother Linley, a member of Provincial G. Lodge, was asked to report on the matter, aud the Secretary of No. VIII. was informed that the warrant would be granted, should Bro. Linley's report prove favourable. On the 27th December 1802 Bro. Linley sent in his report, and it was 220 ordered that the " Moveable Warrant be granted accord- ingly." The Prov. G. Secretary does not seem to have been over-prompt in executing his dnty, for on the 27th December 1803 the following letter was read before the Prov. Grand Lodge : — To the Right Wot. Prov. G. Secretary, Worshipful Bro., — I am directed by the Wor. Master of Lodge No. VIII. held at Vellore to state the anxiety we have laboured under since the period of our having sent a letter, dated 7th September, enclosing a Bill on Madras for Ten (10) Star Pagodas, likewise a letter we received from Europe relative to Lodge No. 90, which had existed in the 33rd Regiment, and also requesting a Moveable Warrant. We sincerely hope no misconduct on our part has been the occasion of your silence, and we leave to your own judgements to conceive, how unpleasant our sensations must be on the occasion. We remit you by the hands of Brother Linley the sum of five Star Pagodas for the use of the general charity, and likewise a Registry of the names of the members of No. VIII. Lodge as they at present stand some of whom have not as yet obtained the degree of Master. The brethren have concluded that John Holroyd should be Master ; Elliott Nelson, Senior Warden, and George BailUe, Junior Warden, and that you would be pleased to enter their names as such in the warrant; I am sorry to inform you of the death of our last Worshipful Master, Brother Dennison — in consequence of his decease a general change has taken place in the officers originally intended for our warrant— in hopes of receiv- ng a speedy and satisfactory answer to this our second application. We remain, your sincere friends, obedient servants and faithful Brethren, W. Baxtek, W.M. ; O. Gatnor, S.W. ; T. Donahoo, J.W. Velloke, ■) 19ih December 1803. ) Order thereon : — " The G. Secretary to make out a Moveable Warrant as therein requested." This warrant was accordingly granted, the 33rd Regiment being apparently fully under the impression that it was an Athole one. The new lodge took the name of Unity and Friendship, and at first had the same Number VIII. as the older lodge which remained fixed at Vellore. But in their next letter to the Provincial Grand Lodge the brethren of Unity and Friendship requested that their number 221 might be changed, as the existence of two lodges of the same number led to confusion. This was accordingly done and the new lodge registered as No. VII. The 33rd Regiment shortly after this moved to Bellary, where the lodge continued to work. Prom Bellary it moved to Hyderabad in 1 806. Meanwhile, like a hive weakened by sending out a strong swarm. Lodge Strength and Beauty languished at Vellore. In the official list of lodges published by command of the Provincial Grand Master in June 1806, it is described as " Intends working as soon as a sufficient number of members can be collected." There were evidently but few members left in Vellore after the departure of the 83rd Regiment. The lodge was never reopened, for very shortly after- wards there broke out the historical Vellore Mutiny. A new form of turband had been introduced into the Native Army, which gave great offence. The sepoys had also been forbidden to paint caste marks on their faces, and had been otherwise annoyed. The 2nd Batt. 4th Native Regi- ment at Vellore refused to wear the new turbands, but were forced to do so, 21 privates being sentenced to flogging for disobedience. Od the 10th July 1806, about two in the morning, the Native troops made a simultaneous attack upon the European guards. Many European officers and men were killed, and for a few days the Vellore Fort was in the hands of the mutineers. They were soon driven out, on the arrival of troops from Arcot, and the mutiny quelled. The warrant of No. VIII. was found in the Port after the mutiny, by Brother Prench, who transmitted it to the Provincial Grand Secretary. In 1811, five years after- wards, on the establishment of the new lodge of Universal Charity, this old warrant of No. VIII. was granted to them. Thus ended the second lodge at Vellore. There has never been another in that place. In January 1807 James Gaynor, Sergt.- Major of the 20th Regiment N. I., and one of the members of the extinct Lodge No. VIII. Strength and Beauty, wrote to the Prov. 222 Grand Secretary to ask what should be done with the house at Vellore which belonged to the late lodge. He stated that it was going to ruin, and offered 7 pagodas for it, as he conceived that by the extinction of the lodge its property reverted to the Prov. G. Lodge. No reply was sent to this letter, and in April 1807 Bro. Gaynor wrote again saying that another claim to the house had been entered by some people at Vellore, but that he considered that Grand Lodge should claim the property and sell it. Meanwhile the younger lodge Unity and Friendship in the 33rd Regiment, No. VII., had removed from Bellary to Hyderabad, or rather to Hussain Saugar near Secundera- bad. From this place they wrote to the Provincial Grand Lodge with dues and list of members. The change of number from VIII. to VII. was dated from the 30th June 1806. In August 1807 Robert Roberts, the Secretary of No. VII., again wrote to ask for a copy of the Book of Constitutions. These books appear to have been very scarce, for several lodges applied in vain for a copy. Brother G. G. Keble, Prov. G. Sec, wrote to the Sec. of Lodge No. VII. : " The Grand Lodge are concerned that it is not in their power to furnish Lodge No. VII. with a copy of the Constitution of Masonry." While they were at Hyderabad, Unity and Friendship, No. VII., experienced a good deal of annoyance, owing to the ignorance and bigotry of the natives. In April 1 807 the following letter was sent to Prov. G. Lodge : — Wor. Bro., — I am directed by the W. M. of Lodge Unity and Friendship, No. VII., held in His Majesty's 33rd Regt. of Foot, now lying in cantonments near Hyderabad, to make known to you that we the brethren of the abovementioned lodge are debarred of holding our regular meetings in consequence of report which the inhabitants have enviously circulated, through a false idea that we assemble in private merely to injure and disturb them. The Adju- tant of the Regiment sent for one of the members of the lodge when regularly assembled at onr Lodge Boom, and desired him to inform the rest of the brethren, that it was the Commanding Officer's 223 particular order that we should immediately break up. In conse- quence of which two of the brethren waited on the Commanding OflSoer (Lieut.-Col. Gore) next morning, who pointed out that he was sorry to give such an order, but it was merely to prevent dis- turbance. He also informed the two brethren who went to him on the occasion, that he would make it known to the Grand Secretary at Madras, that it was through no irregularity in either our private or public meeting, that occasioned him to give an order of the kind. We shall wait with patience for further instructions. We remain with due respect, J. S. Marsdbn, W. M. ; Jno. Bboadbbnt, 8. W.; Geo. Baillie, J. W. ; Owen Gaynoe, Secretary. 9th April 1807. The above letter was read at the meeting of the Pro- vincial Grand Lodge held on the 24th June 1807. The following minute referring to it is recorded : " The lodge are much concerned at the circumstance mentioned in the foregoing letter, but as the order for discontinuing the meetings of Lodge No. VII. appears to have been issued in consequence of some communication of a political nature, which had been made to their Commanding Officer, the lodge can only recommend to the W. M., Officers and Brothers of Lodge No. VII., to persevere individuallyin the practice of the Masonic virtues, until a change of circum- stances may again allow of their pursuing collectively their Masonic career." The lodge was thus extinguished for a time, but the prospect of a return to England appears to have revived the brethren. They seem to have recollected their old allegiance to the Athole Grand Lodge, and to have tried to be taken back again by that body, for we find the following letter sent to the Grand Secretary of the Antients : — Bight Worshipful Brother, — I am directed by the Worshipful Master of Lodge No. VII., Unity and Friendship, held in Her Majesty's 33rd Begiment at Hyderabad in the Sast Indies, to state to you for information of the Right Worshipful the Grand Lodge of England, that in the year 1795 at Helvoitsluys on the continent of Europe we had the misfortune of losing our warrant, and that from the shortness of our stay in England, and other circumstances, it was not in our power to have it renewed before our departure for this country. In the year 1802 having the Worshipful Bro. 224 Linley's recommendation to the Right Wor. Prov. G. Lodge at Madras, our case was taken under consideration, and being found worthy by Bro. Chalmer, the then Right Wor. Prov. G. Master, the oflScers and brethren, it was deemed proper and consistent with their duty to grant us a dispensation to act under Warrant No. VIII. That on the receipt of your first communication of March the 2nd 1803 addrrssed to the Regiment under their original number 90, we made a second application to the Bight Wor. the P. G. Lodge, laying before them your letter, and at the same time mentioning our loss on the continent of Europe, which procured for the Regi- ment the Warrant No. VII. under which we have ever since continued to act. We requested the Rt. Wor. the Pro. G. Lodge to inform you of all these circumstances, but from you continuing in your subsequent communication of June 1807 and March 1808 (of which we have to acknowledge the receipt) to address us as still acting under the old number 90, we imagine they must haveomitted so doing, which on the whole we deem a favourable circumstance, as the Regiment being on the eve of its departure for Europe, when onr present warrant will of course become void, we flatter ourselves that on our arrival at England our conduct will be found to have been such as to have merited a Renewal and Confirmation of our original number, which we find by your last letter has not as yet been disposed of. I remain Right Wor. Bro., yours faithfully, Owen Gaynob, Assistant Secretary. HiDEBABAD, I'Zth Jiiiie 1809. The above letter which eviuces a complete iguorance of the fact that the Madras Provincial Grand Lodge was not Antientj was sent to the (Modern) Provincial Grand Secre- tary, with the request that it be sent on to the (Antient) Grand Lodge. The Secretary also informed the Provincial Grand Lodge that Lieut.- Col. Gore had granted the per- mission to meet on the 3rd December 1808 for the purpose of electing new officers. Bro. Horsefield was elected W . M. j Bro. Marsden, S. W. ; Bro. Braubent, J. W. The regiment did not go home at once, for in December 1 809 Roberts, the Secretary, announced that the lodge had been visited by Lodge No. IX., Unity, Peace and Concord, in the Royal Regiment, and that the lodge room belonging to No. VII. was to be transferred to No. IX. In January 1810 the dilatory Provincial Grand Secretary replied to the letter of No. Vil. diited a year before. 225 Posts were not so regular in those days as they are now, especially between Madras and Secunderabad. No further communication took place between the 33rd and the Madras authorities. They went back to England and returned to their old allegiance. Possibly the Athole authorities overlooked their sojourn among the enemy. Or what is more probable, the Regi- ment told them nothing about Madras Warrant No. VII. They seem to have got back their old number 90, and to have worked at Chatham. (See Lane M. R., page 58.) Again iu 1816, the regiment obtained a warrant from the United Grand Lodge, which was numbered 681. It did not last very long, but expired in 1829. Neither of the above two lodges, Strength and Beauty, No. VIIL, or Unity and Friendship, No. VII., obtained a place on the register of the Grand Lodge. 29 226 UNITY, PEACE AND CONCORD, No. IX. Present No. 316. 1798—1804. 1808 — Peesent Date. This lodge is now no longer ander the jurisdiction of the District Grand Lodge of Madras. It is one of the few survivors of the old ililitary Lodges, attached to Regiments, which travel abont from place to place, and have no fixed home. Bat it has not always been a Military Lodge. Lodge Unity, Peace and Goncord was warranted in 1798, and received the number IX. on the Coromandel Coast. It was at once registered in the books of the Grand Lodge, and in a letter from W. White, Grand Secretary, dated London, 1 st Jane 1 799, the Coromandel authorities were informed that "Lodge Unity, Peace and Concord had been registered under the general No. 574." The brethren who formed the lodge were chiefly old Masons who were resident in Madras, and the lodge met in the old lodge room in Fort St. George. In 1800 the only lodges working in Madras were Xos. I., IV., and IX., all three of which were very regular in their attendance at the meetings of Provin- cial Grand Lodge, lu 1801, the name of Brother Crucefix appears as W. Master of the lodge. It has been found impossible to discover whether this brother was auy relation to the celebrated Doctor of that name, but it is very probable that they were connected. Dr. R. T. Crucefix, we know, had some connection with India, for on receiving his diploma as a member of the Koyal College of Surgeons in 1810, he went out to that country, where he remained for a short time. (Mackey.) It is very possible that this visit to India may have had some connection with the presence of Brother -J. H. Grace- fix in Madras. It will be noticed also that there was a great similarity in the conduct of both the elder and younger Crucefix, Both fell foul of the Masonic authorities. Both wrote what were considered highly insubordinate letters. Both were actuated by the highest Masonic 227 motives and a love of justice, while both suffered unmerited punishment. But to return to the history of No. IX. At a meeting of the Provincial Grand Lodge held in March 1803, a letter was read from the W. M. of Lodge No. IX. (Bro. Crucefix) :— " The letter being deemed of a nature highly improper and such as shoald not be entered in the minutes of the Grand Lodge — agreed that it be returned to Brother Crucefix to carry back to his lodge for reconsideration, and that he be directed to report the sentiments of his lodge at the next quarterly communication." (Here compare Gould iii., p. 17). The trouble arose from the high handed proceedings of the Provincial Grand Lodge at this time, which had serious- ly interfered with the liberty of the subordinate lodges. The result of Brother Crucefix's letter was, that in June 1803 the various lodges working under the Provincial Grand Lodge were warned to have no Masonic communi- cation with No. IX. until their dispute with the Provincial Grand Lodge had been settled. Brother Crucefix seems to have continued in the chair of No. IX. and to have been the prime mover in the agitation. The grounds for his complaint will be seen from the following extracts from a letter, which was sent in 1804 to the Grand Lodge of Eng- land : — We the W. M. and Officers of the Lodge of Unity, Peace and Concord, No. IX., on the Coast of Coromandel, and No. 574 on the Registry of the Gr. Lodge of England, actuated by the purest zeal for the honour of the Masonic Institution beg leave thro' the regular and constituted channel to approach the Grand Lodge of England with a statement of our grievances. It was in the year 1797 when Masonry from various causes had fallen into great decline on the Coast of Coromandel, that certain brethren, old established Masons, expressed a desire to establish a respectable lodge, to be composed chiefly of fixed inhabitants, whose avooationa not exposing them to the frequent removals which the generality of people on the Coast are subject to, might enable them by constant working to improve themselves in Masonry, &c., &c We shall now beg leave to state for the information of the G. Lodge of England a few of 228 the irregularities which the lodge has observed with great concern and regret. 1st. — That during the time that Lodge No. IX. attended the quarterly communications, our representatives have never had any vote in, and never were present at the opening or closing of a Grand Lodge, though by the constitution they are, when assembled to- gether, an integral part of the Grand Lodge ; in fact we have had no Masonic communication whatever except to pay our dues, and for so doing we have been treated with disrespect, contempt or insult. 2nd. — That at one of the quarterly communications at which the P. G. Stewards did attend in their posts to usher in the particular lodge, Bro. Bose, S. P. G. Steward, called in the lodge, when on the Masonic toast being given from the chair, our representative obser- ved that the sign given was some other than that of a Master Mason, or either of the two lower degrees, from which it appeared that the lodge then sitting, was, if Masonic, of some other order, than any of the other three degrees that we are by our warrant authorised to work in, and our Master thought it his duty to speak of this circum- stance a few days after, when he saw Bro. McMahon, the present P. G. Secretary, and expressed his surprise thereat. 3rd. — That invidious distinctions have been made even in open G. Lodge, particularly at one quarterly communication, at which Brother Bose, S. P. G. S., with the S. P. G. W. filled the glasses for the P. G. L. and No. I. only, sending the Bro. P. G. Tyler to fill for the other lodges, to say. No. IV., VI., IX. In this communication Lodge No. I. was placed in a corner by itself, the other lodges apart in another part by themselves, apparently to mark a distinc- tion, and to draw a line of separation between the brethren, so markedly invidious that our representatives mentioned this to Bro. McMahon who was there .... 4th. — That some time preceding the quarterly communication in September 1802, the P. G. Tyler wrote a very impertinent letter to all the lodges with the exception of Lodge No. I. as by order from the D. P. G. M. . . . 5th.— That on St. John's Day, 27th December 1802, the verbal complaint of the W. M. was refused, and the lodge ordered to write to the P. G. Sec. 6th.— That when a letter was sent it was rejected, and sent back to the W. M. with a demand for an apology, and that Lodge No. IX. has been refused Masonic communion with other lodges The lodge, however, is happy in the conviction of having acted right, and the P. G. Lodge have by their act virtually acknowledged as such, though they deny it in words. 229 For although Lodge No. IX. was not represented at the last quarterly communication, the members have reason to believe that the reception of Lodge No. IV. was, what it has not been for many years before, strictly Masonic. That it saw the P. G. L. opened, had a vote therein, and saTV it closed, and the representatives were told that they were in fact members of the P. G. Lodge In order to clear ourselves from all imputations and misrepresentations, as well as to claim from the paramount justice of the G. L. of England satisfaction for the injury we as a lodge have sustained, you will observe that we have transmitted this letter and enclosures through the channel of the P. G. L. of the Coast, and furnished them with a true copy of the letter for their informa- tion, for however contracted our knowledge of the general principles of the Masonic constitution may be presumed to be, we are suffici- ently versant in the rules and regulations by which the society is or ought to be governed, to know the precise constitutional mode of appeal to the G. L. of England, and we request that the decision of the supreme Masonic authority, which we are convinced will be given in strict impartiality and justice, may be expedited to us through the same channel, &c.,&c. (Signed) J. H. Crdcehx, W. M. ; L. RoDGERs, S. W. J L. Clarke, J. W. ; W. Stewart, M. M.; J. Bailet, Sec. Madras, ) 8th July 1803. j If the above letter is a statement of fact^ Lodge Unity, Peace and Concord had very good cause for complaint, though some of their grievances were rather trivial. Brother Crucefix seems to have been a good specimen of the fighting Mason, and he was backed up in his complaint by the members of Lodge No. IV., Social Friendship. The whole matter was referred to the Grand Lodge of England for disposal ; meanwhile Lodge No. IX. continued in dis- grace, and under a Masonic interdict. Sir Bccles Nixon, Past S. G. Warden, carried home with him the appeal of Lodge No. IX, with the remarks of the P. G. Lodge thereon. What the result of that appeal was we have been unable to discover. But apparently it was unfavourable to No. IX. for the lodge was not revived. In May 1805 the lodges of the district were again in- formed that Lodge No. IX. had been suspended in its 230 functions till the pleasure of the Grand Lodge of England was known, and that Brothers Lloyd and Clarke of No. IX. were especially prohibited from being received into any other lodge. In June 1806 a complete list is given in the Provincial Grand Lodge minute book of all the lodges on the Coast, and No. IX. is entered as " suspended." The net result of the revolt of Lodges IV. and IX. against the illegal proceedings of the Prov. Grand Lodge was, that the constitutional rights of Masons were restored, but the protesting lodges were punished by excommunication. This is the usual result of such conflicts with unjust authority. In 1807 it is incidentally mentioned in the minutes of the Provincial Grand Lodge, that the warrant, &c., of No. IX. had been returned to the Provincial Grand Lodge. The lodge thus became extinct, but as was the case with many others, the warrant was retained at headquarters until another lodge should be formed who might like to take the name and number. This was done to save the expense of Eegistration in England. The warrant No. 574 was not left for very long without an application. In March 1808 " the Provincial Grand Secretary read a letter addressed to the Grand Lodge by some Master Masons, privates in His Majesty's Regiment of Royals at Wallahjabad." They were not all privates, for the petition which was dated Wallajahbad, 28th March 1808, was signed by G. Parsons, W. M. ; Captain, Royals ; Ghisholm, S. W. ; Captain do. and Sunderland, J. W.; Quartermaster do. They asked for a warrant, and pledged themselves to be obedient to the Provincial Grand Lodge of Madras. Captain Par- sons seems to have been appointed as W. M. without his knowledge or consent, for on the 31st March 1808 he wrote as follows to the Rev. E. Vanghan, Provincial Grand Secretary : — Sir and Brothers, — I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of yesterday, and am concerned to find you have had so much trouble in consequence of a thoughtless application from a 231 brother, who took the liberty of making use of my name without consulting me on the subject, as it might have saved you the un- necessary trouble you were good enough to take for the sake of the Fraternity at large. Lieut. -Col. Stewart, whom I find to be a Master Mason of the Ancient and Most Hon'ble Order, assures me that there is a warrant in the battalion, but it was unfortunately left in Europe, owing to the sudden order the Regiment got to quit that quarter of the globe, but it may shortly be expected to arrive when our destination is known at home. The brothers here feel highly flattered at the condescension of the E. W. P. G. Master, officers and members of the P. G. Lodge for the liberal and handsome offer they have made, and should not the warrant, &o., belonging to the corps arrive as soon as it may be expected, an application in due form may then be made, and if acquiesced to, proper officers will be sent to Madras to be installed in due form. I am, &c., G. Parsons, Oapt., 2nd Batt. of the Royals. We cannot discover what the number of the warrant above aUnded to could have been. It was not under either of the English Grand Lodges, but had possibly been granted by the G. L. of Scotland. It never turned up, and the matter stood over until the 1st September 1808, when a new petition was sent in to the Provincial Grand Lodge. The subscribing brethren were : Willam Logan, M.M. ; William Dutlej, S.W.; Patrick Clarke, J.W., and Theady Shehan, Past Master. They stated that Colonel Conran, who had taken every degree of Masonry himself, approved of the petition, and his written sanction was ap- pended. They also gave a list of 23 non-commissioned officers who were already Master Masons. This petition was favourably received, and the officers named proceeded to Madras for examination. This proved satisfactory and the warrant was granted. The exact date of the re-opening of the lodge is not known, but it was most probably in December 1808, for in January 1809 the first return was sent in, with the names of those newly initiated in the lodge. The lodge was described as Lodge No. IX., Unity, Peace and Concord, in His Majesty's 2nd Battalion of 1st Eoyal 232 Regiment of Foot, and the return was signed by Pat. Claekb, W.M.; T. Shbhan and P. Heane, Wardens, and Jno. Cheistie, Secretary. Brother John Burden was asked to represent the lodge at the meeting of the P. G. L, The lodge also asked to be informed if they had a right to establish a Royal Arch degree in connexion with the lodge. " They were informed by the Rt. Wor. P. G. Master that they had no such right, nor could they establish such a degree without a warrant from the Royal Arch Chapter in England." In March 1809 a committee of the lodge met to investi- gate the conduct of Bro. Francis Ramsay, and James Boylan, for "conduct Highly Reprehensible, and unbecoming good men and Masons in coming from the lodge room at Wallajahbad Drunk and Irregular, and for taking with them two Naked swords committed to their charge for the purpose of Tiling the lodge." The committee after a due consideration of the merits of the charges against Francis Ramsay and James Boylan were " decidedly of opinion that the former is not a fit member to be continued in the lodge (as well from subsequent Bad conduct in Barracks as the crime above alluded to) and have adjudged him to be ex- pelled." James Boylan was let off with 6 months suspen- sion. Samuel Donelly was next proceeded against for Drunkenness. He was also excluded for 6 months in order to " make a thorough reform in his character." Two more brethren were also expelled at that black assize, namely, William McEvoy, for embezzling money belonging to the lodge, and Bro. Roy for being drunk and irregular on St. John's Day, while yet another, William Donaldson, was suspended for 6 months for drunkenness. On the 10th April 1809 another court-martial of the lodge was held on Bro. William Logan, for sending out an un- official summons, and for taking away the keys of the lodge desk. Finding of the court-martial : — Guilty of all the charges. Sentence : To be expelled from the rights of Masonry. Sentence mitigated to 6 months suspension and S33 exclusion from oflBoe. (Signed) J. Beown, President; T. Shbhan, S.W. ; T. Kelly, Secretary. The lodge seems to have worked under very strict military discipline. In 1809 the headquarters of the regiment being removed from Wallajahbad, Lodge No. IX. met in Fort St. George, probably in their original lodge room. On the 23rd May 1809 the by-laws of the lodge were submitted to the P. G. Sec, and a request made that the warrant which was on paper, might be re-written on parchment, as being more durable. This request was granted, and a new warrant on parchment supplied. Stimulated by the success which had attended the forma- tion of a lodge amongst the non-coms, the officers of the regiment applied for a warrant for a lodge to be styled " The Officers' Lodge " in His Majesty's 2nd battalion of the (ist D.) Royal Regiment. This petition was signed by Geo. Parsons, W.M.; S. Wauchope, 8.W.; Menzies Ful- lerton, J.W. ; W. Sunderland, Past Master. Iq reply to this application, the Rev. B. Vaughan, P. G. Sec, informed the petitioners that they must call on the P. G. Master and be examined as to their Masonic quali- fications. It does not appear whether the officers ever got their warrant ; no record of it having been granted is extant. In all probability they resolved to join the lodge already established. From Madras the lodge moved to Hyderabad, and from there to Trichinopoly, from which place a letter ■was sent dated 24th June 1812, apologising for a long silence, the result of repeated transfers. They stated that they had at " no small expense built a lodge room " at Trichinopoly, and that their i-eturns would be sent in regu- larly for the future. This letter was signed by W. Mougach, Secretary. Bro. Babington, the P. G. Sec, wrote on the 14th July to tell them that they had very nearly lost their warrant, as the P. G. Master had been on the point of giving it to a new lodge just established in Madras. He also asked why the warrant was in the Pro. G. Secretary's 30 234 oflBce, and not with the lodge. In reply John Park, Secre- tary of No. IX., wrote from Trichinopoly on the 13th December 1812 sending a list of members. He pointed out that the lodge had been wrongly entered in the Almanac as Unity and Friendship. The Pro. G. Sec. in his next letter commented upon the fact that no less than seven brethren had been expelled from the honours of Masonry, and pointed out that so severe a punishment could not be inflicted by any private lodge. On St. John's Day, 24th June 1814, the W. Master of No. IX. appeared at the meeting of Provincial Grand Lodge. The mantle of Brother Crucefix must have fallen upon him, for we read in the minutes " the W. M. of No. IX. stated that it had been customary that the Master and Wardens of the whole of the lodges should be present at the opening of the Provincial Grand Lodge which appeared to be proper." The R. W. the Ag. P. G. M. (Richard Jebb) agreed with the W. M. of Lodge No. IX. and expressed his determina- tion to adopt that mode of opening the lodge in future. (This was what Crucefix fought for.) In 1813 the lodge moved from Trichinopoly to Bangalore, whence a contribution of ten star pagodas was sent to the P. G. Secretary in June, and another of like amount in September, by John Phillips, Secretary. In July 1814 Thomas Finn, Secretai-y, wrote from Secun- derabad to inform the P. G. Lodge that a large proportion of the brethren had been absent from the lodge on field service since September 1813, and that owing to the ex- pense of two route marches, the lodge was unable to pay its dues. However the W. M. handed in 5 star pagodas on attending P. G. Lodge in that year. * * * * H: * * The returns from the lodge seem to have been sent in very irregularly, for there is no record of any further re- mittance to P. G. Lodge till December 1817. In September 1818 Thomas White, Secretary, sent in a list of members and 20 pagodas, and a donation to the new 235 charity fund. Soon after this, (in 1819), the lodge left Hyderabad, and came back to their old quarters at Wal- lajahbad, whence they wrote on the 6th May 1819 asking for a dispensation to proceed in Masonic procession on St. John^s Day " from their lodge room to a house conveni- ent, for the purpose of hearing Divine service performed by the Chaplain." This was granted them. On the 27th December 1819, the representatives of the lodge appeared at Prov. G. Lodge after their long absence and handed in dues to the amount of Rs. 135-8. In 1820 the lodge paid 69 rupees, so it may be fairly assumed that the arrears were paid up in full. In December 1820 the dormant lodges were struck off the roll and the other lodges re-numbered. Lodge Unity, Peace and Concord from IX. became No. VII. on the Coast. The lodge seems to have been strong in numbers at this time, for in June 1821 Z7., P. and 0. contributed Es. 65, which is more than all the rest of the lodges put together. In March 1822 the lodge reported that Sergeant-Major Alexander Gun had been re-elected W. M. for the ensuing 6 months. The lodge had left Wallajahbad, but it does not appear where they were at this time. A collection was made in 1822 for the monasteries of St. Bernard and St. Gothard ; Lodge Unity, Peace and Concord contributed Rs. 21. Only two other lodges subscribed. In 1823 the lodge complained of receiving no replies to letters addressed to the P. G. Sec. This is the last refer- ence in the records of the P. G Lodge to No. VII. Where it worked, and to what part of the world the regiment wandered, we cannot say. It obtained a warrant of confir- mation in 1833 as No. 396, and at the re-numbering in 1863 it became 316, which place it continues to hold. The regiment was again (in 1 893) in the Madras District, and the lodge was revived at Wellington on the Nilgiri Hills, though it is not now under the District Grand Lodge of Madras. In 1894 the lodge moved with the regiment to Belgaum. 236 St. ANDREWS UNION, No. X. 1799—1820. The history of this lodge was at first rather difficult to make out, as there were at oue and the same time, lodges of the same name working in different places. The original St. Andrew's Union Lodge was warranted in the year 1799, in H. M. 19th Regiment of Foot at Madras, and was numbered X. on the Coast. It obtained the number 590 from the Grand Lodge of England in 1802, and was erased in 1813, but continue to work until 1820, when it became extinct. In Lane's Mas. Records, page 168, the following note appears: — " Was erased in 1813, hut appears to have been reinstated in the place of the then vacant Lodge No. 601 in 1822. Finally erased in 1832." A glance at the history of Lodge Garnatic Military will show that it was not the St. Andrew's Union No. X., which was thus reinstated, but the St. Andrew's Union No. II,, formed by the union of Garnatic Military and St. Andrews. These two lodges had never the slightest connection with one another. No. X. was throughout the whole period of its e.tistence a Reginientsl Lodge, workincr in various parts of Ceylon and the West Coast of India, while St. Andrew's Union No. II. never left the Presidency town. The first mention we have of St. Andrew's Union No. X. is in the minutes of Provincial Grand Lodge, dated 2-lth June 1801. " The Secretary acquaints the lodge that a warrant was granted to certain brethren of H. M. I9th Regiment of Foot, constituting them a lodge under the title of " St. Andrew's Uuion Lodge, No. X. But that the regiment having by the Rotine (sic) of service been dispersed with different bodies, they had not communicated with the Provincial Grand Lodge. That lately he had received a letter from the Secretary of that lodge which he now lays before the lodge with a remittance of 40 pagodas." The regiment had been transferred to Ceylon, and the 237 lodge had found it somewhat difficult to work. The letter above alluded to was dated Point de Galle, Ceylon, 10th March 1801, and is as follows : — To the R. W. the P. G. M. and Officers of the P. G. Lodge-The W. M. and brethren of St. Andrew's Union Lodge, No. X., take the opportunity in conformity to your lebter, dated 13th December 1800, to inform you that we understood that Brother John Grant (which is here present) had paid the fees of our warrant, but on the contrary omitted it, and being so much divided these two years past, together with the death of our well beloved Brother James Ballantine, W. M., rendered us incapable of discharging our lawful dues, &o. This being the headquarters for the 19th, and but three companies of the regiment here, we the undermentioned members of the aforesaid lodge have made this small acknowledge- ment of forty (40) star pagodas to be paid on demand by Messrs. Chase, Ohinnery and Macdowall, Madras, and hopes that you will be pleased to dispense with this small mojety, and when we join the rest of our well beloved brethren of the regiment, we shall be able to make a proper statement of their rank and degree of Masonry and to make also a proper atonement for the time past. (Signed) James Hall, Secretary. The members of the lodge at this time were : — James Baird, A. M. ; John White, A. 8. W. ; John Smyth, A. J. W. ; John Kerr, A. P. M. ; James Mears, A. Trea- surer; James Hall, Secretary, and eleven others. The return was sent home to England, and a Grand Lodge warrant obtained. No. 590, which was forwarded to the brethren at Point de Galle. The next communication to the Provincial Grand Lodge was dated Trincomallee, 7th January 1804, and was signed by Brother Blair, W. M., G. Hall, Secy. In this letter they stated that the regiment had been moved to various parts of the island of Ceylon. " The warrant was first received at Colombo and afterwards sent to Trincomallee, but in a short time after, the war breaking out with the king of Candia prevented us from giving you the proper satisfaction that we could have wished and should have done. We are sorry to inform you of the loss of our Worthy Master, Qr. M. Brown, and nine of our worthy brethren who lost their lives in that inhuman massacre that afterwards took place in the capital of that country." 238 The lodge had by these calamities been much reduced in numbers, but was anxious to resume its payments to the Provincial Grand Lodge. In June 1805 another remittance of 40 pagodas was sent to the Provincial Grand Lodge from Trincomallee, and a letter of thanks was returned to Brother Hall. In the list of aU the lodges working under the Provincial Grand Lodge of Coromandel in June 1806, No. X., St. Andrew's Union, is described as still working at Trinco- mallee. In this year a new lodge was established at Quilon, to whom the same number X. was granted. It was intended that St. Andrew's Union should move up and take the place of one of the extinct lodges. No. V., but this change of local number never took place. St. Andrew's Union continue to use the number X. until the close of its existence. In January 1808 a letter was read from Brother Baker, the Secretary of the Lodge, with a remit- tance of 10 star pagodas. The lodge had by this time been transferred with the regiment to Colombo. We now come to a period of the lodge's history which illustrates in a remarkable way the inconvenience which was occasioned to Masons in the Colonies, by the division of Masonry in England into two Rival Grand Lodges. By the Madras Act of Union in 1786, the working of the various lodges had been regulated, and brought into accord- ance with the peculiarities of both institutions. The working of a Madras lodge would therefore appear to an Athole Mason, to be quite in accordance with what he would call " The Old Institutions." But at the same time, the warrant of the lodge was derived from the " Modern Grand Lodge." This was a state of affairs which, as we shall see, caused continued friction between No. X. and its neighbours. In December 1807 a letter was sent to the Prov. Grand Lodge of Coromandel, with a list of members and 10 star pagodas. The regular meeting of the lodge was stated to 239 be on the first Friday of each month, " and Monday even- ing of each week for improvement when circumstances will admit." The letter was signed by John Baker, Secretary, and was dated Colombo, 13th Dec. 1807. The first lodge to fall foul of No. X. was the Athole lodge No. 329 in the 6th Battalion Royal Artillery, which had been working at Colombo since 1802. On the arrival of No. X. in Colombo, they had at first fraternized, owing to the similarity in their working. But they soon became suspicious, and to clear up their doubts wrote the follow- ing letter to the Provincial Grand Lodge of Madras : — To the Worshipful Provincial Grand Secretary, Madras. Sir and Brother, — I beg leave to refer to you by direction of the Worshipful Master and rest of the brethren of Lodge No. 329 of Ancient Masons held in H. M. Royal Artillery at Ceylon and under the register of the Grand Lodge of England, to request yon will be pleased to in- form them if H. M. 19th Regiment are authorized to hold a warrant No. X. from your Provincial Grand Lodge at Madras to make Ancient and Royal Arch Masons, which they at present carry on to a great degree at Colombo, their warrant don't appear in the least to be ancient, as their Grand Master is the Prince of Wales (they still at the same time insist it is) though we well know his Highness was never Grand Master of the Most Ancient Fraternity, but he is Grand Master of a Modern. It leads us to believe that they carry on business in a very clandestine manner, which compels us, as Ancient Masons, to take the necessary steps to have the right adjusted. On examining their papers, we find they have had no communication with your Provincial Grand Lodge since 1805. Brother, we request you to have the goodness to answer this with as little delay as possible, in order that we may know how to act respecting their present proceedings. (Signed) Jas. Linzcb, Sec, No. 329, Ancient Masonry. OoiiOMBO, \ 6th March 1808. j The Rev. B. Vaughan, who was Prov. Gr. Secretary at the time, wrote off at once in defence of No. X. stating that their warrant was in order, but of course under the authority of the Prince of Wales. A letter was also sent to No. X. approving of their general regularity. Upon the receipt of these communications the two lodges 240 ceased to have any dealings with one anotherj and deserters from the enemy were eagerly welcomed on either side. In August 1808 a long letter was sent to the Prov. Grand Lodge by Archibald Colquhounj Sergeant in H. M. 19th Regt., complaining of the arbitrary proceedings of the Worshipful Master of the said lodge, Brother John Calder, " towards himself personally." The complaint is a most amusing one. " At our lodge night " (says Brother Col- quhoun) " 3rd June 1808 1 was proposed and duly elected Master for the ensuing half-year. Twice the ballot proved in my favour, and the third time the balls being equal, I again obtained the election hy the toss of a Rix Dollar ! " John Calder seems to have objected to this election, and to have in other ways " put his spite " on poor Colquhoun. In reply, a letter was sent to the lodge asking for parti- culars of the case, and for a copy of their by-laws. To obtain the chair of Wor. Master by the toss of a Rix Dollar does indeed seem to us rather irregular. The lodge appears to have been entirely in the hands of non-commis- sioned officers of the Regiment, who were for the most part ignorant men, and with a very limited knowledge of Masonry. Their ignorance of Masonic matters may be accounted for by the fact, that they had been isolated since their foundation. Even in Colombo they had been boycotted by other lodges. What Masonry they had, therefore, must have been much diluted with error by this time. In June 1809 St. Andrew's Union, No. X., was at Quilon on the West Coast of India, the 19th Regiment having been transferred from Ceylon. A list of excluded members was sent to Prov. G. Lodge. At the head of the list was poor Archibald Colquhoun, whose expulsion seems to have been confirmed. The Secretary reported, that many of the excluded members had been eagerly admitted to member- ship by the rival Athole Lodge No. 329 at Colombo. The letter was signed, by Moses Hadden, Sergt. in H. M.'s 19th Foot, Quilon. The brethren of No. X., as we have 241 have remarked aboVe, had a vei'y limited knowledge of Masonid aSairs, for after an existence of ten year's they did not yet know if they were Antient or Modern. The following is the letter referred to : — To the Secretary of the Provincial Grand Lodge at Madras. Respected Brother, — I have this moment received a letter from Colombo containing the unpleasing intelligence of the declaration of the members of the L. held in H. M. 89th Regiment, lately arrived from Europe, that the charter under which we have worked this several years is Modern, in fact we have received several intimations of the same Tendency before. Relying on the Purity and up- rightness of our work we would never accede to it before— however we address you now for the purpose of deciding the question in agitation — it appears to us that H. R. H. the Prince of Wales is not an Antiont Mason — we have had from time to time several brothers from difierent ancient L., who without exception declared our warrant to be Modern, and our work strictly Antient. For instance, Lodge 329 held in the Artillery and L. 94 in His Majesty's 51st Regiment, and they would not sojourn with us on account oE warrant. It remains with your Grand Lodge to determine whether it is in your power or not to forward another under the sanction of his Grace the D. of Athol as we find ourselves under the necessity of suspending our work untill your Answer shall come. W. Pilling, W. M. of St. Andrew's Union, No. X. The lodge referred in the above letter in H. M. 89th Regiment was No. 863 Irish Constitution. Lodge 94 in the 51st Regiment was the "Orange" Lodge, which was granted a warrant by the Grand Lodge of Scotland as No. 274 in February 1801, but which seems also to have had an old Athole warrant No. 94 dated 21st October 1761. Why the Regiment required two constitutions for one lodge is a mystery. In reply to the above request the Prov. G. Secretary Wtote to them as follows : " It would appear that the terms Ancient and Modern Masonry have by some designing people been introduced with a view of confounding the Order. The Grand Lodge of England are Ancient Masons, and acknowledge no other to be of higher antiquity. I have therefore agreeably to the desire of the Rt. W. P. G. Master sent you the enclosed extracts from the Book of 31 242 our Constitutions^ compiled for the guidance of Masons, which is both, clear and pointed on the subject, and will, it is to be hoped, prevent the members of your lodge from being deceived on this question." This reply seems to have given great satisfaction to the lodge, but the ignorance of the brethren generally may be judged from the fact, that this was the first occasion on which any member of the lodge, (even the oldest,) had ever set eyes upon the Book of Constitutions. So says Peter Fox, the Secretary, in his reply to Prov. Grand Lodge. Some of the brethren, not being satisfied with the above explanation, sent to Madras the following incoherent epistle, which we transcribe verbatim et literatim : — We the Brethren of St. Andrew's Lodge of H. M. 19th Regiment, No. X. having taken it into consideration concerning a Dispute which has arisen concerning our Warrant, it being under the Authority of His Eoyal Highness George Prince of Wales — which is disputed by every Lodge that we have had the Honor of con- versing with — NovT we most humbly solicit you, to take into consideration our Situation — for we will not be Excepted into any other that has come from Europe— Likewise according to your Promise in a Letter which was transmitted to us, mentioning the fees of our Warrant which has not been sent at that time (but has been Paid since) and that we should receive a Letter from the Grand Secretary of the Grand Lodge in England letting us know that we was enrolled in the Grand Lodge at the same time our Number therein, which yet has never been known to us. We therefore humbly beg that you will immediately make known to us your opinion as our stay here may be very short, and there is a number of the Brethren here at Present to answer anything that may be thought Proper by our Brethren belonging to the Provincial Grand of Madras. We know well that we will be Excepted b^ any under the Provincial Grand of Madras but by No others— only those Brethren that has been made Masons in Europe belonging to us, them will be acknowledged but no other. Therefore Brethren Judge this that we must have support to Travel the World, and it is you we Look to for it. (Signed) Beenaed Sappin, Store Sgt, H. M. 19th Begt. Apparently the Provincial Grand Secretary did not consider it worth while to reply to this communication, as the matter had been already settled. 243 Soon after this the regiment returned to Colombo, and on the 19th January 1811 another letter was sent on the same subject. They complained of receiving no reply to a former communication (given above) and asked for a new warrant, as the old was a Modern one. It does not appear from the records of Provincial Grand Lodge whether any reply was sent to this letter, probably not, but at all events the matter dropped. It may be that the lodge became satisfied with the genuineness of their warrant, or what is moi-e likely, the lodge itself went into abeyance for a time. The warrant must have been preserved, for the lodge revived again after the Union, when all trouble between " Antient " and " Modern " Masons had been satisfactorily put an end to. In October 1817 a letter was read at a meeting of the Provincial Grand Lodge from the Lodge of St. Andrew's Union, No. X., 590, Trincomallee, " requesting an acknow- ledgement of the receipt of their contribution of 20 Pagodas." This was ordered to be sent. By this time a Provincial Grand Master for Ceylon, Sir Alexander Johnson, had been appointed. But St. Andrew's Union still adhered to their old allegiance to the Coast of Coromandel. In this year 1817, anew lodge was founded at Trinco- mallee, by members of No. X. The new lodge was called the Lodge of Harmony, No. XII., and George Thomson, Thomas Dawson and William Granidge were the first W. M. and Wardens. The formation of the Lodge of Harmony at Trincomallee stimulated some old members of St. Andrew's Union No. X., who were stationed at Colombo, also to apply for a new warrant. We find in the Provincial Grand Lodge Minutes, 23rd September 1818, " Eead a Letter from the W. Master and Wardens of Lodge St. Andrew's Union, No. X., dated Colombo, 19th August, transmitting a list of the members of that Lodge, and a Petition from 244 Brothers Samuel Hemming, John Salmons and Hugh Roam, Privates in H. M. 73rd Regiment, praying for a warrant of constitution for the establishment of a regular Lodge in that Regiment under the distinctive denomina- tion of St. John's Lodge." This petition was not granted at once, as the P. G. M. Brother Jebb thought Ceylon was beyond his jurisdiction. A reply was sent to No, X. that the matter was to be laid over for the present. It is quite possible that we may have in this incident the actual commencement of the present St. John's Lodge, No. 454, which only dates its warrant from 1838. There are, however, so many instances of Grand Lodge warrants coming out to Madras eighteen and twenty years after the lodges had been started, that it is by no means impossible that Lodge St. John may be a daughter of No. X. In December 1818 a letter from the lodge was received by the Provincial Grand Secretary with the dues. On the 2nd July 1819 the Provincial Grand Secretary produced a letter from two brethren of No. X., St. Andrew's Union in Ceylon, who had on a former occasion thought it necessary to lodge a serious complaint for reference to the P. G. M. of the C. of C, but who had observed their error, and did now most amply apologise for their misconduct, &c., &c. This is the last notice of Lodge St. Andrew's Union, No. X., in the records of P. G. L. It appears to have become extinct soon after this, as in 1821 the No. X. was given to a new Lodge Military and Social Friendship. Lodge St. Andrew's Union was the first English Lodge in Ceylon, and the only representative of Modern Masonry in the Island from 1799 to the Union. 243 PHILANTHKOPISTS, No. XL, 1801 TO 1813. The account of the foundation of this lodge in given as follows in the minutes of the P. G. L., 28th December 1801, St, John's Day. " Read a petitioQ from Bi'others Mills, O'Neill and Turner of H. M. Scotch Brigade, praying a warrant may be granted them to form a lodge in the said regiment under the name of the Lodge of Philanthropists. Also two recommendatory letters in favor of the application. The one from the three respectable Master Masons, the other from Lieut. -Col. Munro, all officers in the said Regiment. The R. W. D. P. G. M. (Gahagan) retires to examine the brothers, and having made a favorable report, a warrant is therefore delivered by the P. G. M. (Chamier) with a suitable exhortation." It did not require seven brethren to apply for a warrant for a new lodge in those days. We see from the above, and there are many similar instances, that three names on the petition were considered sufficient. The practice of exam- ining the officers of a new lodge before granting the warrant is an excellent one, which ought to be kept up in the present day. The lodge became No. XL on the Coast of Coromandel, and obtained the number 591 on the Register of the Grand Lodge of England. For the first two years after its start. Lodge No. XL attended the meetings of the P. G. Lodge. By 1804, however, the regiment appears to have left Madras. Whereabouts they went is not certain, but in 1805 they were in camp. In 1806 the lodge was working at Trichinopoly. In this year, at the renumbering of the lodges. Philanthropists obtained the number VI. on the Coast. A letter was sent to the P. G. L., dated Trichinopoly, 12th August 246 1806, which contains the following information : " The regiment being so long on Field Service, Lodge No. XI. has been subjected to various distresses, particularly that of losing two-thirds of its members, amongst whom were some of its best and brightest ornaments." This letter was signed by James Chalmers, Secretary. In 1807, Henry Marshall, Secretary, H. M. 94th Regiment, wrote to say that the late Secretary was dead, and that out of the eleven members of the lodge three were very ill. On St. John's Day, 21st June 1807, the officers of the lodge were present at the meeting of the P. G. Lodge. W. Marshall was W. M., H. Calder, S. W., and W. DoUer, J. W. A sum of 2 pagodas was paid. This is the last mention of the Lodge No. VI. Probably the regiment left India and the warrant was returned to the Prov. Gr. Sec, for in 1801, on Lodge St. Andrew's being formed at Madras by some seceders from Carnatic Military, it was granted the number VI. No. 591 was erased at the Union in 1813. 247 TEAVANCORB UNION, No. X. b. 1806. The first mention of this lodge is contained in the minutes of the Pro7. G-. Lodge of the 24th June 1806, the date on which it was resolved to renumber the lodges. A letter was read from a number of Masons on the Malabar Coastj requesting a warrant for the establishment of a lodge at Quilon, under the denomination of the " Travanoore Union/' forwarding the names of the brethren whom they wish to be appointed officers of the new Lodge. Further, promising strict obedience to the laws of Masonry in general, and of this P. G. Lodge in particular. The following brethren were nominated as the first officers of the lodge : — Augustus William Handley, Commercial Resident of the Hon'ble Company's Factory at Anjengo, Wor. Master ; Robert Muncton Grant, Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding the Subsidiary Force of Travancore, Senior Wai'den ; and Henry Harris, M.D.j StafE Surgeon to the said Force, Junior Warden. The following were the brethren who signed the petition for the new warrant : — A. W. Handley, heretofore Master of the Lodges of Amity and No. 1, acting P. G. M. at Bombay and member of the Lodge of Antiquity, London. — Harod. (This is probably meant for Harodim); R. M. Grant, Lt.-Col., Master Mason; Henry Harris, M. D., Master Mason ; J. M. McDougall, Capt., Master Mason ; S. McDouall, Capt., Apprentice Mason ; Galbraith Hamilton, Major, Apprentice Mason. The petition was dated Quilon, 9th June 1806. The following entry in the minutes of the P. G. Lodge shows that the warrant was granted : — "The G. Lodge are most happy to observe that the spirit of Masonry is about to be revived in so respectable a manner on the Malabar Coast, and they have great pleasure in complying with the 248 prayer of the above address." " Resolved accordingly that a warrant of constitution be prepared for this new lodge, and that it be registered under the denomination of the " Travancore Union," No. X. This number really belonged to St. Andrew's Union in Ceylon. But it was intended that that lodge should become No. V. In November 1807 the Secretary, Brother McDougall, forwarded the sum of twenty-five star pagodas iu payment for the warrant. He reported that " the unexpected dispersion of the several brethren in whose name the warrant has been granted, I hope will suflB.ciently account for the long delay that has occurred in making this remit- tance, as in opening the lodge." He stated also that there were great hopes of the lodge being soon opened, as Brother Handley of Anjengo had now taken a house in Quilon. for that purpose. Anjengo is a small settlement on a strip of sand between the backwater and the sea, about 20 miles south of Quilon. The ruins of the old factory are still to be seen there. The above letter was read at the meeting of Prov. G. Lodge held in January 1808. In Juue 1809 Lodge St. Andrew's Union, No. X., arrived at Quilon where they stayed for some time. Subsequently (in 1817) Lodge Fortitude and Perseverance, No. XII., worked at Quilon, but there is no further trace of the Travancore Union Lodge. It is needless to say that it never obtained a place in the register of the Grand Lodge of England. 249 UNIVERSAL CHARITY, No. VIII. 1811. Present Numbbe 273. 1811j TO PRESENT DATE. Lodge Universal Charity, though at present No. III. on the list of lodges in the Madras District, is in point of fact No. II., being five years older than Lodge Rock at Trichi- nopoly. Like many other lodges, Universal Charity occupies a place in the general list much higher than its age warrants, as it has twice been lucky enough to obtain the number of an older lodge. In 1811 a split took place in Carnatic Military Lodge, No. II. Several of the members of that lodge resolved to form a new lodge in Madras. A petition was accordingly sent in by Brothers John Burden, Jacob Pascal, James B. Boswell, John Heal, Anthony French and Gilbert Laird, asking for permission to meet as a lodge, to be denominated Universal Charity, and asking for the vacant warrant of No. VIII. The following minute in the records of the P. G. L. relates the circumstance : — " At a quarterly communication of the Provincial Grand Lodge held at the Pantheon on Tuesday, the 7th of May, 1811, A. L. 5814. Present. Rt. W. Dy. Prov. G. M., Herbert Oompton. W. Bro. E. Vaughan, P. S. G. W. „ „ J. Warren, P. G. T. J. W. pro tern. „ „ J. Babington, P. G. S. Read a petition from Bros. Burden, Pascal, Boswell, Heal, French and Laird, requesting permission to form themselves into a lodge, to be denominated " Universal Charity," and soliciting the vacant warrant of Lodge No. VIII. The Rt. W. M. observing many names in the application of the brethren whom he knew to be good and zealous 32 250 Masons, proposed that the prayer of the petition should be granted, which being seconded by W. Bro. Babington was unanimously agreed to." The following extract from the minute book of the Carnatic Military Lodge also narrates the circumstances under which Universal Charity took its rise. It was probably recorded in the minutes of this lodge, to account for the secession of so many brethren. " The W. Prov. Gr. Sec. read a letter from Bros. Jacob Pascal, B. Bos well and other brethren requesting their indulgence of being entrusted with a warrant in order to establish a lodge under the denomination of Universal Charity, which was put to the ballot and found unanimous, (16th May 1811.) The new lodge obtained the 'vacant warrant of Lodge No. VIII.' That was the warrant of Lodge Strength and Beauty which was picked up by Bro. French after the Vellore Mutiny and restored to the P. G. Secretary. That old Lodge No. VIII. was warranted in 1795, but had been extinct for five years. Brother Burden, one of the founders of Universal Charity, seems to have been of a restless disposition. We first find him mixed up in the quarrels, which in 1804 led to the erasure of No. IV., Social Friendship. Then he appears to have joined Carnatic Military, fsee the history of that lodge) from which he was excluded for removing the furniture and ornaments. Jacob Pascal was very possibly a descendant of the first Prov. Grand Master, Captain Edmond Pascal. Lodge Universal Charity, being an offshoot of Carnatic Military, may pride itself upon a considerable amount of antiquity, though its individual existence did not begin till 1811. From a letter sent to the Provincial Grand Master by Jacob Pascal, one of the founders of the lodge, it would seem that there was a slight claim upon the warrant of No. VIII.j Jacob Pascal having been a member of that lodge. The following is the letter referred to : — 251 To the Most Worshipful, &o. &o. With much submission and respect I beg leave to inform Worship- ful Sir and Brothers that your petitioner is a Junior Warden in the warrant No. VIII. now in possession of the -Provincial Grand Secretary, humbly begs the Worshipful Grand Master and members will have the goodness to order the same to be delivered to your petitioner, he having members to hold a lodge in the Black Town among country born Masons, which indulgence shall consider myself under the greatest obligation for your compliance with my request. Madras, 1 23rd April 1811. J (Signed) J. Pascal. Jacob Pascal may have been an original member of No. VIII., but he does not appear to have been a member at the time of its dissolution in 1806. It is possible that Anthony French was also a member of Strength and Beauty, as it was he who returned the warrant to the Prov. G-. Sec. after the Vellore Mutiny. Lodge Universal Charity may therefore fairly claim to have originated in 1795, though practically it was a new lodge with an old warrant in 1811. It has however two serious breaks in its continuity 1806 — 11, 1830 — 1846, which may cause it some difficulty in the matter of obtain- ing a centenary warrant. From 1811 to 1830 the lodge worked steadily, and its representatives hardly ever missed attending the meetings of Prov. Grand Lodge. Boswell succeeded Pascal as W. M. in 1812. In 1814 Brother Burden was again W. M. of the lodge. At the June meeting of the Prov. Grand Lodge he informed them that " a new free school on charitable priuciples was about to be established, and that the subscribers to it were desirous that the first stone of the building shall be laid by the Prov. G. M. in procession." Brother Burden was asked to make the necessary arrange- ments. On the 9th October 1815 Andrew Wight was initiated. He became W. M. of the Lodge some time before 1830, and was the first W. M. on its revival in 1 846. In June 252 1819 the Secretary of TJDiversal Charity stated that there had been no initiations in that lodge since the 1st of January, also that the lodge had subscribed to the fund raised to erect a monument to Princess Charlotte of Wales. The amount of their subscription was 10£. At a meeting of the P. Gr. Lodge held on the 10th Sept. 1819 a letter from Lodge U. C. was read with regard to the conduct of Bro.G. D. McCarthy, who had been excluded from the lodge. It was resolved " That the thanks of the Prov. Grand Lodge be conveyed to the W. Master, Officers and Members of the Lodge of U. C, No. VIII., for the regularity with which their proceedings were conducted, the truly Charitable and Fraternal Principles by which they were guided in the conduct towards Bro. McCarthy, and that Bro. McCarthy be excluded from the benefits of Masonry until he shall have most publickly owned his error and have most amply Apologised for the impropriety of his conduct." On the 27th Dec. 1820 Lodge Universal Charity agreed to the new regulations about fees, but objected to paying the arrears of the past 7 years. The P. G. Lodge, however, considered their claim to be fair and reasonable. In December 1820 a renumbering of the lodges took place. Universal Charity becanie No. VI. In 1820 the first return ever made by the lodge was sent in. Charles Hancock was W. M. at the time, Thomas Adamson, S. W., Harry Blacker, J. W., and J. M. Pereyra, Secretary. There were only 18 members in the lodge. This return was received in England in 1822. As old No. VIII. had never been registered or numbered, the authorities in England granted Universal Charity the number 514, which was just at that time vacant by the erasure of the Royal York Lodge, of Gloucestershire. By this stroke of good fortune. Lodge U. C. occupies a place in the list of lodges which its age scarcely warrants. Strictly speaking it should have been about 100 places lower down. The lodge subscribed in 1821 32^ rupees towards Bro. Jebb's monument. In September 1823 Lodge Universal Charity, as the 253 Junior Lodge in Madras, headed the procession, on the occasion of -the foundation stone being laid of the Civil Orphan Asylum. Universal Charity seems to have worked steadily from this time until 1830. Its representatives were always present at the meetings of the Prov. Grand Lodge, but no event of any importance is recorded. In 1830 the lodge went into abeyance, and remained in a dormant state for 15 years. In the year 1846, a revival of masonry took place in Madras, and it was resolved to re-opeu Lodge Universal Charity. There were a few members of the lodge left, including the last W. M., Andrew Wight, and these were reinforced by some members of Social Friendship and the extinct Lodge St. Andrew's Union, originally Carnatic Military. It is a great pity that while they were about it, the brethren did not revive as St. Andrew's, or Carnatic Military, which was not only an older lodge, but had been working more recently than Universal Charity. The ac- count of the revival of the lodge was given in great length in the Madras Spectator. The event took place on the 15th May 1846. The officers appointed at the revival of the lodge were : — Andrew Wight, W.M.; Michael M'Dowell, 8.W. ; Just Gantz, J.TF. ;Mark Sterling, Treas. ; William Sloan, Sec. The lodge met in some rooms on the Esplanade owned by Mr. Geils. A code of by-laws was drawn up and the lodge began to work with renewed vigour. The old custom of Installation on St. John's day in winter was revived, and the practice of drinking the health of the Patron Saint of Freemasonry, in solemn silence, at the Installation Banquet. In 1847,the lodge took part with Lodge Social Friendship, in the establishment of the Independent Masonic Charity Fund of Southern India. In April 1847 the lodge sent 172 rupees to the distressed Irish and Scotch Masons. The warrant of confirmation was received by the lodge on the 4th August 1847. 254 From Lane's Mas. Rec, 1st ed., page 190, it would appear that a warrant had been sent out for the lodge in 1836, but as the lodge was at that time in abeyance, it never reached its destination. From 1847, however, the lodge has been in possession of a regular Grand Lodge warrant of its own. A warrant for the Royal Arch Chapter, now St. John 273, was received at the same time. There were in addition, a Knight Templar Commandery, and a Rose Croix Chapter attached to the lodge. There are frequent references to the lodge in the pages of the Madras Freemason's Herald, though sometimes the remarks are not of a flattering character. There had been some slight unpleasantness between Lodge Social Friend- ship and U. 0. on the revival of the latter, but the breach was soon healed up. The old by-laws of Universal Charity, compiled in 1847, are most voluminous. They contain a great part of the constitutions, in addition to what is strictly necessary. A most salutary by-law, and one that would be of benefit to other lodges, provided, that on the day of Installation a list of all sums due by the brethren was to be read in open lodge, and entered on the minutes. In 1848 Mr. James George Coleman, chief mate of the Lady Sale, was initiated. Bro. Coleman became W. M. in 1853, and was for many years ( 1862-1882) District Grand Treasurer. He was also Dep. Dist. G. Master in 1875. In 1849the lodge met in Popham's Broadway, and on the 12th January a most successful convivial meeting was held. In July 1849 Bro. Day, Wor. Master of Lodge Faith, Hope and Charity, Ootacamund, was made an honorary member. Bro. Day was the author of the Banner song of Lodge S. F. (See page 213.) In October 1849 a new lodge. Pilgrims of Light, was opened in Madras. This was done apparently against the wishes of many members of Universal Charity. They expressed their dissatisfaction, and refused to attend the opening ceremony. Only a few members left U. C. for the new lodge. In April 1851 a letter was read from the Secretary of 265 Lodge Faith, Hope and Charity, Ootacamund, asking for assistance in building a Masonic Temple. Two carts were provided to take a Brother named Gregory, and his family to Bangalore. On the 25th July 1851 Mr. John Thomas Greatorex was initiated. He was passed on the 28th August, and raised on the 3rd October. As this venerable brother is still a pillar of the craft, it will not be out of place to remark his masonic career. He became Junior Deacon, December 1851, Secretary, December 1852, J. W. December 1853, S. W. December 1854, W. M. January 1856. He has since filled the chair of the lodge in 1864, 1873, 1874, and again recently. He was appointed Deputy Provincial Grand Secre- tary in 1855, and Grand Secretary in 1856. He was re- appointed Grand Secretary in 1868, and has held the office continuously ever since. As a reward for his long services to masonry, he was appointed iu 1 887 Past Grand Assistant Director of Ceremonies in the Grand Lodge of England. In December 1851 a Grand Masonic Ball was given by Lodge Universal Charity, the subscription to which was 15 rupees. We may notice among the number of well-known Madras Masons who have owned Universal Charity as their mother lodge ; James Gray, initiated April 1 853, and William Schar- lieb, afterwards Dep. Dist. G. Master, initiated 10th November 1854. In 1863 the lodge number was altered from 340 to 278. Lodge Universal Charity has for many years worked well in its premises at Vepery, and has been the parent of other lodges, notably Lodge John Miller, No, 1906, which was founded by a swarm from the old hive in 1881. Lodge Universal Charity, although not quite so old as Perfect Unanimity, is yet of very venerable antiquity compared with most other Indian lodges. Although it actually dates from 1811, yet, through the seven members of St. Andrew's Union who helped to revive the lodge in 1 846, and through 256 the original members of 1811, it can claim descent from the old Carnatic Military Lodge founded by Terence Gahagan at Arcot in 1784. By virtue of this descent. Lodge U. C. possesses a very antient china punch bowl, which bears the name of Carnatic No. II., together with many curious masonic emblems. May this venerable lodge continue to uphold the fame of the craft in Madras for many years to come. 257 UNITED FRIENDSHIP No. V. 1812 TO 1819. This lodge was formed in Madras, in July 1812, by some officers of the 16fch Regiment of Native Infantry, who wore members of the Irish Lodge No. 863. Prom a letter to the Freemason of January 5, 1894, from Bro. W. J. Chetwode Crawley, it would appear that this warrant No. 863 was granted to the 89th Regiment on April 6, 1798, or perhaps in March 1802. That a duplicate of the warrant was issued in 1806, and that the warrant itself was cancelled in July 1818. The Regiment seeras to have left Ireland in 1808, and to have been stationed at first at Colombo in Ceylon. In 1809 we find St. Andrew's No. X. complaining to the Madras authorities that No. 863 had refused to recognise them, as their own warrant was modern. From Colombo the Regiment came to Madras, and the lodge met in Fort St. George. Like many other lodges, they do not seem to have kept up any communication with their own Grand Lodge, but to have worked independently. The first notice of No. 863 in Madras, is in the minute book of the Carnatic Military Lodge No. II. On the 15th September 1810, at a meeting of 863, at which some of the officers of No. II. were present, Bro. Bendenoch came in and threatened to upset the lodge, as they were working with Modern Masons. (See History of Carnatic Military.) As the Irish Grand Lodge was in harmony with the Athole Grand Lodge, rather than with the Grand Lodge of England, apparently there was not much masonic com- munion with the lodges in Madras, with the exception of the unfortunate incident mentioned above. On the 5th June 1812, however, a letter was read at a meeting of the P. G. L. " from several Brethren, Master Masons of No. 863, 33 258 praying f or n. warrant to entitle them to form themselves into a separate lodge." " The R. W. P. G. M. (H. Compton) proposed that their request be complied with, and that they shall obtain anv vacant warrant which may be now in the possession of the P. Gr. Secretary, which beinw seconded by W. Bro. Puget is unanimously agreed to." The new lodge was given the name of United Friendship No. V. The first W. M. was Major Bowen, and the Wardens were Lieut. R. Simpson and Captain C. Hall. These brethren and most of the other members of the lodge belonged to the 16th Madras Native Infantry, but they had received their Masonic degrees in Lodge 863 I. C. On the 28th July 1812, the following letter was sent to the Provincial Grand Secretary : — Worsbipfnl and Respected Brother, By desire of the Worshipful Master, I have the honor to enclose a copy of the by-laws of the Lodsre of United Friendship No. V., together with a list of the members of that lodge, which hp desires me to request you will be so kind as to forward to nnr E. W. Bro. the P. G. M. I am also desired to inform you, for the information of the R. W. Brother, that the Lodge of Unity and Friendship, meet at a Bungalow at Egmore formerly occupied by Lodge St. Andrew No. YT., immediately in rear of the Pantheon. I have the honor to be, Sir, SiMUEL HODDEB,, Secretary to Lodge No. V. There were 11 members of 863, who formed the Lodge U. P. The petition for a warrant was countersigned by Gilbert Laird, W. M. of St. Andrew's No. VI., and Henry Selway, W. M. of Lodge No. 863, I. C. In August 1813, the lodge was working at Bangalore, whence a sum of ten Pagodas and a list of members was sent to the P. G. Lodge. J. Babington, Provincial Grand Sec, in acknowledging the receipt of the money, says : — The M. W. the P. G. M. desires me at the same time to express to the W. M. of your lodge his satisfaction at the regularity with which the 259 duties of your lodge appear to be conducted, and his confident hope that your future proceedings will be characterized by the same zeal which has marked your early labours in the cause of Masonry. Nothing more is heard of the lodge for a long time. In December 1818, the Provincial Grand Secretary having stated that no communications had been received from the Lodge of United Friendship No. V. for several years, he was directed to obtain every information relative to the actual state of that lodge. On the 30th March 1819, Wor. Bro. Bowen, the first W. M. and sole surviving representative of the lodge, was present at the meeting of Prov. Gr. Lodge. He " rose to express his extreme regret on being compelled, in conse- quence of the desire of most of the late members of the lodge, which he had long the honour of representing, having been entrusted with its warrant as its first W. M. The absence of others, and his own removal from the 1 6th Regt. N. I. to return that warrant of the P. G. Lodge, from whom he had received it." " The E. W. the A. P. G. Master (Bro. Jebb), on receiving the warrant returned by Wor. Bro. Bowen, assured the W. Brother in his own name and that of the P. Gr. Lodge the sincere regret experienced on the return of a warrant of a lodge which had so long distinguished itself in the annals of Masonry on the Coast of Ooro- mandel, and under such particular and painful circumstances." At the next meeting of P. G. Lodge, on the 24th June 1819, Wor. Bro. Bowen, late W. M. of No. V., was unani- mously elected a member of P. G. Lodge. Very soon after the lapse of No. V. United Friendship, their parent Lodge, No. 863, Irish Const, applied for a warrant under the Prov. G. Lodge of Coromandel, and became Lodge Hibernia and Union No. XL, Wo, 633, on the books of the Grand Lodge of England This concludes the histories of Madras Lodges warranted before the Union in 1813, for Lodge St. Patrick No. XI., warranted in December 1812, has been mentioned above, as an offshoot of Lodge St. Andrew's Union No. II. Two 260 other lodges may be justmentionedj "Fortitude and Perseve- rance" in the 80th Regiment of Foot, which worked at Cannanore and Quilou for a short time. It was warranted ou the very day of the Union, 27th December 1813. Lodge St. David's No. XIII. iu the 30th Regiment, Madras, has the same date. It had also a short life of six years, the warrant being returned in'1819. At some future date we hope to be able to give histories of the jMadras Lodges which liave come into existence since the Union in 1813. APPENDIX A. A List of all the Lodges ever warrant- ed on the Coromandel Coast, with Dates of Local Warrants^ Local iN'umhers , Dates of Grand Lodge Warrants, and Nuwibers on the Register of the Grand Lodge of England. 262 bD'aj -"So lis g So .£ P i> bo •-< -*^ = t- o ." (Do" B © ■" to 00 !> O c CO s " o Si o !-> Pi -a !=l g o o C4-1 o o o CO i o O h u ffl p o <) w S o - S o u m S d £| g .2 ® " S ^ - a '^ p*^ 5^ ^ <» m o CO >, O » fl « jd o QJ fl h-; :pq f3 CD S co'cD t" 01 ' -^ ' ' m ^ is -t. 43 tn P CO p CS O t8 ■ _ (n ;o n: i-i "S — P..S o — ' J fO 43 T3 T 03 O « -W Eu .„ CD i3 CO 05 rH bjD tn r - C « . « rH T! fc] _ fc. (D -r5 (D CQ (D -*3 ^ H a -" CD g -O SCO ja 'S o •° o a 2 c ^ci r*i _i_3 '^ ^ <;*5 p.^ |2i <1 263 o n .a > m a CO o :§ o tl o O o ce o a> ,£1 +3 bo o I-H o ,4 S 5 o !25 ill » S.2 ja £ 5 -o- a X a ~ _ »> -^ fe be t8 . " 'C e*-i 03 O ° >? _ .2 .S -S « SO S ® d o kj: m CM f^ j-* ^ ^ a t> ''^ 13 J of 13 >>■§ s ffl ,90 Ph ^i: a - ^0 rf ^ OJ QJ .;; 1) m > X *^ - fc- O tJ s a; 13 •<* s ce ^ i is -gt: =« a -a >, 00 I-H b. bo o hJ 2 3oo<] CO . -tJ . ■" ° CO 03 "* QO *^ ^ S.2g ~ oo a 01 i-i "" J3 - H o cS £ , ■^■MSt SSb Sfe 03 P3 CJCO a r1 " fl3 S CO ja (D CQ O h-i a 00 C 03 cq 3 03 M '-^ O -^ rH ^ T: w „ <1 1-1 O I-H «-5 2 b: o S 03 -S 2 S a bD n g o ii gWo^ t8 03 * ^ rH CO tS Cm o S o d hn ^3 o 1-:; tin <1 264 A List of Regfular Lodges on the No. Name of Jjodge. Places of Meeting. Date of Local Warrant. 10 The Steword.i' Lodge ... Freemasons' Hall, Madras, Established 1786 East India, 1786. Extinct in 1790 11 The Lodge of Madras Freemason's Hall, 1786. Consecrated Pei'fect Unanimity. Pantheon, 1800. 7th Oct. 1786 Centenary Jewel. House on Spar Tank, 802. Pantheon, 1803. College Hall, 1826. SJasonio Temple (Beach), 1840. Mr. Williams' House, Mount Road, 1856. Cotgrave Hotel, Vepery, 1861. Masonic Hall, Vepery, 1878. Masonic Hall, Mount Road, 1884. 12 Lodge Arcot, 1784. Opened Carnatic Military United Vellore, 1790. Nov. 1784 with Lodge St. .iadrew Revived Fort St. George, No. VI. on the 13th 1804. July 1814, becoming Pnraewalkum, 1811. Lodge St. Andrew'.^ Fort St. George, 1814. Union. Unicsd with Madras, 1823. Lodge St. Patrick No. Revived Madras, 1838. XI. in 1823, becoming Became extinct abont 1840. Lodge St. Andreic'.^ and St. Patrick'^ Union. 13 Lodge of St. Thomas' Mount, 1786. 1786 Perfect Harmony. 1790. Seringapatam, 1803. Ceased to work about 1813. 14 Lodge of Madras, 1787. Social Friendship. Fort St. George, 1790. No. 4 Gaol Street, Black Town. 1803. Abolished by Pro. G. Lodge in 1804. 1787 15 Lodge Ifo. V. Coast of Coromandel, 1787. Triohinopoly, 1790. Warrant returned to P. G. Lodge, 1794. 1787 16 Lodge of Coast of Coromandel, 1787. 1787 Social Friend.thip. St. Thomas' Mount, 1790. Revived 24th June 1801. St.. Thomas' Mount, 1806. Fort St. George, Madras, 1820. Egmore Road, 1848. Ceased to woi-k about 1855. 266 Coast of Goromandel subsequent to 1786. Local Numbers. Grand Lodge Warrant. 1781 1792 1814 1832 1786 1806 1820 1846 1864 1881 1863 0. 0. ... 1786 Erased 4th June 1862, 102 h 93 117 94 I. I. I. I. I. I. 1786 Warrant of confirmation, 1869 233 b 199 248 175 150 II. II. II. ... 1786 Erased in 1813. 1822. Given place and No. of 601. Finally erased in 1832. 488 398 601 b ... III. III. 1787 Erased in 1813. 510 419 ... .„ IV. ... 1787 Number given in 1822 to Lodge Rook 511 420 494 a ... V. ... ... 1787 Erased in 1813. 512 421 VI. IV. IV. II. 1787 Erased 4th June 1862. 513 422 495 326 34 266 A List of Regular Lodges on the Coast No. Name of Lodge. Places of Meeting. Date of Local Warrant. Lodge of Solid Friendship. Lodge Strength and Beauty. Lodge of Unity, Peace and Concord Lodge St. Andreiv*s Union. Lodge of Philanthropists. Lodge of Unity and Friendship. Lodge Travancore Union. Lodge St. Andrew. Trichinopoly, 1789. St. Thomas' Mount, 1794 Ceased to work aboat 1798. 6th July 1789 1st Angnst 1795 27th Dee. 1797 1799 Vellore, 1795. Warrant retamed to P. f». Lodge after Vellore mutiny in 1806. Fort St. George, Madras, 1797. Lodge suspended, 1801- Warrant given to Boyal Scots, 1808. Wallajahbad, 1808- Port St. George, 1809- Hyderabad, 1810- Trichinopoly, 1812. Bangalore, 1813. Secunderabad, 1814. Wallaiahbad, 1819. Left Madras District about 1824. In 19th Regiment Foot, j Madras, 1799. Point de Galle, Ceylon, 1801. TrincomaJlee, 1804. Colombo, 1808. i Quilon, 1809. Colombo, 1811. Trincomallee, 1817. Colombo, 1819. Became extinct about 1820. In Scotch Brigade 94th Foot, Madras, 1801. Trichinopoly, 1806. Warrant returned before ISIO. In H. M. 33rd Eegiment. 27th Dec. 1803 Vellore, 1803. Bellary, 1804. Secunderabad, 1806. Eegt. returned to England and resumed Athole warrant 90. 1810. Quilon, 1806. 24th June 1806 Chepak, Madras, 1810. 4th April 1810 United in 1814 with Lodge' Carnatio Military (see above).' 28th Dec. 1801 267 of Coromandel subsequent to nSQ—iOontinued). Local Numbers. 1786 1806 1820 1846 1864 1881 VII. VIII IX. VIII IX. VII Grand Lodge Warrant. XI. VIII. b VI. VII, X. h VI. b 1790 Erased in 1813. Never obtained a place in the records of the G. L. of Eugliiad. Left the Dt. 1798 Warrant of confirmation, 1833. 1781 1792 672 1802 Erased in 1813. 1802 Erased in 1813. Never obtained a place in the records of the G. L. of England. do. do. 4«1 1814 1832 1863 574 590 591 593 396 316 268 A List of Regular Lodges on the Coast Name of Lodge. Places of Meeting. Date of Local Warrant. Lodge of Unirersal Vharity. Lodge of United Friendship. Lodge St. Patrick. Lodge of Fortitude ^ Perseverance. St. David's Lodge. The Lodge of The Roch. Lodge of Sarmony. Lodge of Social ^ Military Virtues. Lodge of Honour and Humanity. Lodge of Military and Social Friendship. Lodge of Hihernia and Union. Lodge of TaprohaTie. Lodge St. John. Madras, 1811. 1826. Went into abeyance, 1830. Revived 1846. Esplanade, 1848. Masonic Hall, Vepery, 1872. In 16tli Regt. N. I, Madras, formed by members of 863 I. C, 1812. Warrant returned to P. G. L., 1819. Fort St. George, Madras, 1812. United in 1823 with St. Andrew's Union No. II. and warrant returned. In the 80th Eegt. Foot. Cannanore, 1813. Quilon, 1817. In the 30th Regiment, Madras, 1813. Warrant returned to P. G. L., 1819. Triohinopoly, 1816. 1820. Avenue Road, Triohinopoly, 1879, Trincomallee, Ceylon, 1817, In H. M. 46th Regiment, for- merly 227 I.e., Madras 1817, InH. M. 13th Light Dragoons, Madras, 1819. Poonamallee, 1820. No. 863 I.e., Quilon, 1822. Madras, 1826. Ceylon, 1822. Secunderabad, 1822, 7th May 1811 12th July 1812 28th Dec. 1812 27th Deo. 1813 27th Deo. 1813 27th Deo. 1818 27th Deo. 1817 27th Dec. 1817 7th July 1819 27th Deo. 1820 4th March 1822 Jane 1822 16th Aug. 1822 269 of Coromandel subsequent to 1786 — (Oontinued). Local Numbers. Grand Lodge Warrant. 178) 1792 1814 1632 1786 1806 1820 L846 1864 1881 1863 VIU. VI. XI. III. III. Not in the list until 1822. Warrant of confirmation, 23rd January 1847. A duplicate warrant sent out in 1836. 514 I 340 273 ... V. 6 ... Never obtained a place in the records of the G. Lodge of England. ... XI. vin. do. XII. XIII. IX. ... 20th June 1820 Erased (warrant returned) 21sfc November 1837. Never obtained a place in the records of the G. Lodge of England. ... 724 471 ... in. I XII. 6 VII 6 III. V. X. II. II. In 1820 given number of Social Friendship. Warrant of confirmation, 29th Sept. 1874. Never obtained a place in the records of the G. Lodge of England. 1836 ... 494 6 325 634 260 .. XIII 1836 636 ... X. X. XI. XII XIII IV. 1836 1836 1836 1836 Warrant of confirmation, 1868. ... ... 637 633 638 628 434 270 A List of Reg^ar Lodges on the Coast No. Name of Lodge. Places of Meeting. Date of Local Warrant. 38 The Corinthian Lodge. 2nd Batt. 7th B,egiment N. I. Cannanore, 1823. 26th Sept. 1823 39 Lodge Bombay Kegt. of Artillery, 14th Aug. 1823 Orion in the West. Poona, 1823. Now in the Bombay District. 40 The Doric Lodge. Kamptee, Nagpore, 1828. 1828? 41 West Norfolk Lodge. In the 54th Regiment, 1829 ; broke up in 1840 1st May 1829 42 Lodge Cannanore. Suspended by P. 1830? Oriental Star. G. L., 1848. 43 Lodge Neilgherry. Became Lodge Faith Hope and Charity in 1849. Ootacamnnd 1830? 44 Lodge Kamptee, Nagpore, 1835. 16th Oct. 1835 St. Andreio's. Kamptee, 1844. 75 Bungalow, 1880. 45 Lodge Good Will. Bellary, 1837. 13th Sept. 1837 46 Lodge Armenia. Armenian Street, Madras. 6th October 1837 47 The Cantonment Lodge. Bangalore, 1840. 20th Jan. 1840 48 Lodge Madras, 1849. 1849 Pilgrims of Light. Egmore, Madras, 1849. Mount Koad, Madras, 1851. (Broke up about 1857.) 49 Lodge Rangoon, 1810. 1st Feb. 1860 Victoria in Burma. Masonic Temple, Budd's Road, Rangoon, 1874. Now in the Burma District. 50 Lodge Emulation. Negapatam, 1861. 4th March 1861 51 Lodge St. Thomas' Mount, 1862. 21st June 1862 Mount. Masonic Hall, St. Thomas' Mount, 1883. 52 Lodge Bangalore, 1863. Bangalore. Freemasons' Hall, Primrose . Road, 1889. 24th June 1863 53 Lodge Western Star. Cannanore, 1863. 26th Deo. 1863 54 Lodge Wellington, Nilgiris, 1866. 24th Feb. 1866 Anchor of Hope. Military Barracks, Wellington, 1874. The Depot, 1884. Masonic Hall, Wellington, 1888. 271 of Coromandel subsequent to 1186— (Continued). Local Numbers. Date of Grand Lodge Warrant. 1832 1820 1846 1864 1881 1863 XIV. XV. ... ... 1836 Erased 4th June 1862. 19th July 1833. 639 598 415 XVI. XVII. XVIII. XIX. IV. V. ... 26th August 1838. Erased 4th June 1862 16th December 1838. Warrant not issued till l7th July 1842. Erased 4th June 1862. 1st October 1835. Erased 4th June 1862 23rd December 1835. Erased 4th June 1862. 664 669 619 622 XX. VI. VI. VI. 18th September 1844. 734 500 XXI. VII. V. V. 9th January 1840 684 465 XXII. XXIII. VIII. IX. XII. 9th January 1840. Erased 4th Jane 1862. 7th July 1842. Erased 4th June 1862. 5th December 1849. Erased 4th June 1862. 685 710 831 ... XIII. VII. 26th September 1860. 1134 832 XIV. XV. VIII. IX. VII. 1st June 1863. Erased 26th February 1868. 23rd August 1862. 1270 1228 968 926 • •• X. VIII. 9th December 1864. 1043 XI. IX. 17th January 1865. 1049 XII. X. 24th February 1866. 1093 272 A List of Regular Lodges on the Coast No. Name of Lodge. Plaoea of Meeting. Date of Local Warrant. 55 Lodge Masonic Hall, Vepery, Madras, 1867 Pitt Macdonald. 1867. 56 Lodge Faith Hope and Charity. Ootacamnnd, 1869. 18th June 1869 57 Lodge Mayo. Secanderabad, 1872. 1872 58 Lodge Deccan. Chndderghant, Deccan, 1873. 30th Jany. 1873 59 Lodge Palamoottah, 1877. 1877 Southern Cross. Tutioorin, 1879. Palamoottah, 1881. 60 Lodge Mysore, 1878. April 1878 Mysore, SabbaBajah's Bungalow, 1881. Masonic Hall, Mysore, 1890. 61 Lodge Coconada, Madras Prea., 1878. October 1878 Goromandel. Tngganaitepnram, Coconada, 1879. 62 Lodge Negapatam, 1879. 1879 Prudentia. Holland Street, Negapatam, 1880. 63 Lodge Royapnram, Madras. October 1879 John Miller. Black Town, 1881. Biden Home 1883 Macartoom's Rooms 1887. Popham's Broadway 1889. Main Road, Royapuram 1890. 64 Lodge Madras. 1883 Camatic. 163, Mount Road, Madras, 1884. 65 Lodge Kerala. Calicut. 1886 66 Lodge Southern Gross. Palamoottah. 1888 67 Lodge Pandyan. Madura. 1889 68 Lodge Sf. George. Madras 1894. 4th August 1894. 69 Lodge Coorg. Meroara Ceorg 1895. 1st May 1895. 273 of Coromandel subsequent to nSQ—iOontinued). Local Numbers. Date of Grand Lodge warrant. 1832 1820 1846 1864. 1881 1863 XIII. XI. 25th October 1867. 1198 XIV. XII. 24th September 1869. 1285 ... XV. XIII. 13 th June 1872. 1406 ... XVI. XIV. 17th June 1873. 1444 XVII. XIX. XV. XVII. 22nd May 1878. Warrant eaten by white anta. Lodge took new number, see below. 23rd August 1879. 1758 1841 XVIII. XVI. 24th February 1879. 1810 XX. XVIII. 25th February 1880. ... 1859 XXI. XIX. XX. XXI. XV. XXII. 19th March 1881. 3] st January 1884. 18th December 1886. 8th January 1889. (see above). 15th April 1890. 1906 2031 2188 2298 2356 XSIII. ... XXIV. 35 APPENDIX B. "Register of the Members of the Pro- vincial Grand Lodge JVb. 162 for the Coast of Coromandel," being the last return sent to England by the Athole Masons in Madras in the year 1 785. 276 i a o f-i o O o o o CO o IS i:l s u t> O PL) -fa Cm O 00 ^^ a> a Cm O ;-i ?!zi = PS o o p-ss D&, B< O =H &.& , t? J2 >» d 's H S ops avy avy '3 s 3i d. ^ Jo. 3o. anti'y. o. Jo. Jllery ship, jlllery ® o a * '"r o 2 *!:: ;i c C3 "^ .= s - -g .» o " _s o -, ■S oM 3<; : 22 cf- .i; O- = fe.o a fe, Q -5 3 ■ a a s ^ o d =■ 5 'O '^ 'o -^ ^ J= - ® w -J -ti c «*-• — © ^O - -o - "H o *~ Sc o c o , =: SD-^ to 02 ofe — Jxacc S 5 05 -^ ^ 00 iH 'S CO K- J> t; t; JO 00 00 t» t^ t» t* i:^ t* fi fH tH M ^ rH r1 HH (M CO -# CO ■* £S0oddodS£dS°d6 ■« 00 CO O) CO f« ^ OO C~ 00 rt 00 ^ _• M i-t M cd rH '3 'S feSh ^ -r — = "^- ^ .£ = > a 3 3 .1 "'^l S S a .3 S 3 g s S^S i := ■^3 ,.2-- 3 Ss^S |-2_ -£>HS -^rSsS ^ - Ui c H Hb h.5 l-^ - r o 2 -^^ — S 3 -i '£ ^ CE -t; S ■= £ c o . CO - -- •;a H § I =■5 « ^ § a ^ — o o " 5 d - c « -: -a es a: £; jeqcanx ^ iqc<'S'U!«or»x a>OM(Mcc^io(oi>xo50w N CO ■* la (C t~ GO N $q s^ ^ »4 fq ^ 277 fJ jj rt d fa s§g ^ d o o O 00 fa- 3 * fa O J ;^P Ph .P4 . ? ° s-s ^•^. I 11-5 • «,? * 73 a '^ 43 fB n3 ° m ce P g S ® o g fa ||3ppP =« c3 . . . S<1^ > 'o -S >. 'b O h^fa O D bD ■a tJ 03 CO ® 00 p S o ^ o rf O fa <^ H £ p "^ m cS p V P =8 &--g a s => s p ^ '^ ■ )-t -^ J:i Si t±^ t^ ^ o "-^ §-s g p'S »> ^ S !H - .2 §• « = -^ £, P o c P3 .S o o o ,-^ 'U 'O -D o o o o fO 'O r^ 'O 13 -ceo f-t 03 iO cq S 1 1 p-tcqc^ -^J^-s d ^^¥. -o oj o rQ rO f^ 0.13, <) o o o o 00 - o - - : rH .^ to >> be d "3 P X! cS (1) -fa 5^ ^ bc^ ja a O ri !_> tj,! !„' r~s ^ r-B r^i t~5 C — O •-' IS 00 &0 a p^ ^ S V DQ (/) at S.I t- © ca = >= P § " -a p o D3 1^ u S t. -P S fe " -^a 03O O PP . P O .w a;, t-H ® t^ aj t; Is, i: t; P2 d p= cS P PX o J ^2 PhOO o K I £ g -fc-S^ p'S -g ^&H1-^ CO 'ti "^ CO a ^ § © p •o ■" •« o n h^pqWpSfa a } O iH (M CO I CQ CO PS CO APPENDIX C. A List of Wor. Masters, Wardens and Secretaries of Lodge Perfect Unanimity from 1786 to 1895. 280 Year. Wor. Master. Senior Warden. Junior Warden. Secretary. 1786 1787 ... g f Jane . S I Deo .. Colly Lyon Lucas. Pullein Spenoer ... Jos. DuPr^ Poroher James Amos Pullein Spencer .. Jos. Da Pre Por- cher. James Amos L. Bowden George Robert La- tham. James Amos George Manle Benjamin Torin ... George Manle. L. Bowden. Ben. Torin. Charles Inglis. gfJane. ^ (Dee .. Henry C. Michell... Lient.-Col. Joseph Moorhonse. Capt. Croker George S. Martin. George Sulivan Martin. George Chalmer ... George Chalmer. Julias Griffiths. § (■ June . J;lDec... Lt. John Hamilton. G. Chalmer Andrew Berry ... Robert Wolf. John Jervis. ^ f June . J5 (Dec... George ^lanle George Chalmer ... Andrew Berry . . . John Jervis Val. Oonolly Valentine ConoUy. David Ince. g f Jane.. 5: I Dec. Lt. John Hamilton.. George Chalmer ... Lawrence Bowden David Inoe David Ince Manro L. Mackenzie. Wm. Linley. § [June. ^ ^Dec... William Linley ... George Chalmer ... Gillespie ... Ben. Goard Benjamin Goard .. Paul Bose George Baillie. Frank Day. 55 / June . i5 I Dec... Thomas Lewin ... Thomas Lewin ... Panl Bose Frank Day Frank Day R. Lushington ... R. Lnshington. John Stephens. ^ f Jane . S (Dec... Benjamin Sallivau. John Chamier R. Lushington ... William Cockell... John Stephens ... George Baillie ... George Baillie. Thomas Fraser. ^ J Jane . 5; (Dec .. .John Chamier William Cockell. William Cockell... George Baillie ... Thomas Fraser. S f Jane . S (Dec... William Linlev ? Capt. P. Bose ? g f Jane . Si Dec .. ? ? £ J June . S t Dec... Lt.-Col. Carlisle? Rev. R.H.Kerr ... Cecil Smith Herbert Compton.. George Lys. 2 ( June . 2 )Dec... Rev. R. H. Kerr ... Rev. R. H. Kerr ... Cecil Smith Cecil Smith Herbert Compton .. Herbert Compton .. George Lys. George Lys. 3 f Jnne . 5 (Dec... Cecil Smith Cecil Smith Herbert Compton. Herbert Compton. George Lys George Lys Mark Roworth. Mark Roworth. g (-June . 2 l.Dec .. Herbert Compton. . Herbert Compton... George Lys George Lys Mark Roworth ... Mark Roworth ... George Moore. G. G. Keble. g f Jane . '£ 1 Dec . George Lys George Lys Mark Roworth ... Mark Roworth ... G. G. Keble G. G. Keble Edward Watts. Edward Watts. 5 ( Jnne . i (Dec... Mark Ro worth ... Mark Roworth ... G. G. Keble ... G. G. Keble Thomas A. Fraser.. Wm. Horsmau ... Tod. Tod. g < June . S (Dec,.., Geo. Gilbert Keble. Geo. Gilbert Keble. Thos. A. Fraser... Tod Tod J. Chinnery J. Chinnery. ? 281 Tear. Wor. Master. Senior Warden. Junior Warden. Secretary. g f June.. S I Deo... Wm. Linley Charles Higginsen . C. Smith Ellis 0. H. fligginson ... ? G. G. Keble. 6. Warburton. g Jane . StDeo... Ellis G. Warburton G. Warburton. D. Pugh. § ( June . S iDec... Kev. E. Vaughau... Rev. E. Vaughan... A. Stock. A. Stock. § j June . S 1 Deo... A. Stock A. Stock Henry Russell ... Henry Russell. W. W. Weston. S f June . » Deo... Mark Roworth ... Mark Roworth. Henry Russell . . . W. W. Weston. H June . 2 iDeo... Herbert Compton... Herbert Conapton. W. W. Weston . . Edward Watts ... E. H. Hadow. «• r June . 2 1 Deo... W. W. Weston ... Edward Watts ... Edward Watts ... E.H. Hadow ... E. H. Hadow A. B. Patullo A. B. Patullo. Wm. Babington. 2 /June . 2 IDec... B. H. Hadow A. B. PatuUo A. B. Patullo ... Wm, Babington ... Wm. Babington ... Taylor Taylor. Sergeant. 3 ( June . 2 (.Deo... Wm. Babington ... Taylor Taylor T. Sergeant C. H.Clay. C. H.Clay. 2 1 June . 2 iDeo... Wm. Babington ... Wm. Babington ... Thos. Sergeant ... Thos. Sergeant. Edward Gordon. 2 f June . 2 IDeo... Thomas Sergeant... Thomas Sergeant... W. B. de Babiok. W. B. de Babiok. ^ f June . 2 I Dec. Edward Gordon. Bdward Gordon. ■ 2 f June . 2 1 Dec... Grant. Grant. 2 f June .. 2 I Deo... W. B. de Babiok. W. B. de Babiok. g f June .. 2 IDeo... J. M. Lane J. M. Lane A. R. M'Donell ... A. E. M'Donell ... R. H. Stuart R. H. Stuart Edward Lys. Bdward Lys. S June . 2 I Deo... Edward Gordon ... Edward Gordon. B. F. Elliott. g ( June . 2 I Dec, §3 1 June . alDeo... 1824. 1825. 1826. 1827. 1828. 1829. Eev. A. Webster. 36 282 Tear. Wor. Master. Senior Warden. Junior Warden. Secretary. 1830. 1831. 1832. 1833. John Carnac MorriB Thomas Macleane. W. N. Burns Wm. Middlemass. 1834. John Carnac Morris Thomas Macleane. W.N.Burns Wm. Middlemass. 1835. Van. Thomas Robinson (Arch- deacon of Mad- ras.) W. N. Burns ... A. I. Cherry J. Barrow. 1836. John Carnac Morris A. Inglis Cherry... H Morris J. Barrow. 1837. Col. Thomas H. Somerset Conway. A. Inglis Cherry... H. Morris J. Barrow. 1838. Alexander Inglis Cherry. John Carnac Morris H. Morris ? J. Barrow. 1839. J. J Underwood.. James Thomson ... Cosmo R. Howard. 1840. John Carnac Morris J. J. Underwood.. .lames Thomson ... Cosmo R. Howard. 1841. John Carnac Morris J. J. Underwood.. James Thomson ... John F. McKennie. 1842. Col. J. J. Under- wood. James Thomson... Cosmo R. Howard... John F. McKennie. 1843. Col. J. J. Under- wood. J. Ouchterlony ... W. McTaggart ... John F. McKennie. ]844. James Onohterlony John Binny Key... W. McTaggart ... William Glover. 1845. John Binny Key ... Wm. McTaggarc . Rose William Glover. 1846. John Binny Eey .. Wm. McTaggart.. Rose William Glover. 1S47. John Binny Key ... Rose Nelson William Glover. 1848. WilliamMoTaggart Kose Nelson William Glover. 1849. James Ouchterlony ■ Nelson W. Pitt Macdonald. A. Macdonald Rit- chie. 1850. James Thomson ... William Pitt Mac- donald. A. .Macdonald Rit- chie. W. Shelly. 1851. W. Pitt Macdonald. A. Macdonald Rit- chie. William Glover ... P. B. Whannell. 1852. James Onchterlony A. J. Greenlaw... C. A. Roberts P. B. Whannell. 1853. C. A. Roberts A. J. Greenlaw... Grenfell ... P. B. Whannell. 1854. A. Macdonald Rit- chie. Grenfell ... W. A. Searle C. A. Roberts. 1855. William Pitt Mac- donald. R. Hunter H. Roberts C. A. Roberts. 1856. William Pitc Mac- donald. A. Macdonald Rit- R. Hunter H. J. NichoUs ... J. Ouchterlony. 1857. R. Hunter Dyer W. Pitt Macdo- chie. nald. 1858. W. Pitt Macdonald. ■ Newlyn Liddell H. J. NichoUs. 1859. A. Macdonald Rit- chie. Newlyn Liddell Thos. Pritohard. 1860. Henry James Niohblls. Liddell ... H. Tolputt Thos. Pritohard. 1861. A. Macdonald Rit- chie. Henderson .. Flynn Thoa. Pritchard. 1862. H. Tolputt J. T. Blissett ... Runganada Sastry. Thos. Pritchard. 1863. J. T. Blissett Ranganada Sas- try. John Miller N. Morison. 283 Year. Wor. Master. Senior Warden. Junior Warden. Secretary. 1864. W. Pitt Maodonald. Hsnry Julius Brookman. J. W. Bradley .., G. S. MoCanoe. 1865. A. Macdonald Rit- chie. Henry Julius Brookman. John Miller N. Morison. 1866. John Miller W. H. St. Albin... N. Morison W. P. Hooper. 1867. John Miller P. Stevens W. P. Hooper ... J. H. Spring Bran 1868. Henry. Julius Brookman. J. H. Spring Bran- son. J. Grose son. G. A. Murray. 1869. J. H. Spring Bran- William Fraser ... R.J. Chisholm ... J. B. Cardozo. 1870. 80Q. William Fraaer . . , J. Grose G. A. Murray J. B. Cardozo. 1871. G. A. Murray J. B. Cardozo J. W. Handley ... H. G. Priohard. 1872. J. B. Cardozo J. W. Handley ... H. G. Priohard ... A. Champion. 1873. J. W. Handley ... Rev. F. G. Lys ... A. Champion W. Grant. 1874. ilfred Champion... W. Giant B. A. Reeves J. Stiven. 1875. Willie Grant E. A. Reeves J. Stiven P. Smith. 1876. J. W. Handley ... Philip Smith ... W. Morgan G. A. Murray. 1877. Rev. J. B. Sayers... J. Stiven J. Bradshaw Patrick D. Shaw. 1878. J. Stiven M. 0. Furnell ... C. Sibthorpe Patrick D. Shaw. 1879. M. C. Fnrnell ... A. S. Massey ... W. H. Bartlett J. H. Peebles. 1880. A. S. Massey 0. Sibthorpe J. H. Peebles P. Normandy. 1881. J. H. Peebles C. D. Baynes ... P. Normandy C. Pinsent. 1882. 0. D. Baynes F. Normandy C. Pinsent F. Dunsterville. 1883. C. Sibthorpe C. Pinsent P. Dunsterville ... W. G. Pavey. 1884. C. D. Baynes C. Pinsent W. G. Pavey P. Dunsterville. 1885. Willie Grant W. Morgan J. M. Davies E. S, Traill- Straith. 1886. R. F. Chisholm ... W. Morgan B. S. Traill-Straith. P. H. D. Pinsent. 1887. 0. Pinsent W. G. Favey ... F. H. D. Pinsent... D. Ross Johnson. 1888. F. Dunsterville ... P. H. D. Pinsent.. D. Ross Johnson ... H. Bradley. 1889. P. B. Hanna H.Bradley H. M. Prior P. Dunsterville. 1890. H. Bradley G.A.Parker ... T. Wake P. Dunsterville. 1891. G. A. Parker D. Ross Johnson.. W.W.V.Pakenham. F. Dunsterville. 1892. D. Ross Johnson... S. B. Hunt A. Westcott W. H. Oakes. 1893. Eev. A. "Westcofct... W. F. de Pabeok .. W. H. Oakes F. J. Crawford. 1894. W. F. de Fabeck ... T.Wake W. N. Pogson E. Williams. 1895. W. T. Newitt E. Williams H. G. Sutton A. J. Cooper-Oakley. APPENDIX D. A List of Grand Masters and Grand Officials on the Coromandel Coast from 1767 to 1893. 286 List of Provincial and District Grand Masters, Acting, and Deputy Grand Masters. Date. Grand Master. Acting Grand Master. Deputy Grand Master. 1767. Captain Edmund Pasoall .. John Call. 1770. Major Matthew Home 1781. John Sykes (Athole) 1786. Br.-Genl. Matthew Home.... Josias Du Pr^ Porcher ... Terence Gahagan. 1788. n ») )J » Lt.-Col. Joseph Moor- honse >1 )3 1790. John Chamier, M.C.S. 1791 William DufiSn (ag.) 1792 Sir Eccles Nixon (acting.) 1799. li )» >» Major-Gen. B. Collins ... 1804. >) » )) Terence Gahagan 1810. Terence Gahagan, M.D. ... 1811 Herbert Compton. 1812. ij )) )» Herbert Compton Cecil Smith. 1813. Herbert Compton Richard Jebb. 1814. )) J) Richard Jebb 1816. Richard J ebb 1819 George Lys. 1820. ., George Lys A. B. PatuUo. 1824. » It Edward Gordon. 1826. Sir Herbert Compton M >J 1837. )» )) )) apneas Ronald McDonnell. 1838. i» )) )j John Carnac Morris. 1841. John Baron Elphinstone ... ij )) )) 1848. „ ,, „ John Binny Key. 1852. Robert HuddlestonWilliam- son James Ouchterlony. 1858. Lt.-Col. W. Pitt Maodo- nald A. Macdonald Ritchie. 1867. A Macdonald Ritchie William Mason Soharlieb. 1871. ,j ,j John Miller. 1875. John Miller Hon. J. G. Coleman. 1876. J) » Major A. W. 0. Saunders. 1879. Major A. W. 0. Saunders.... G. A. Murray. 1880. )) 3) 3J Surg.. Major William PearL 1881. )» J) )> J. W. Handley. 1882. )> )3 J) Col. R. H. Cunlifee. 1883. JJ )) J> Arthur Morell Saunders. 1884. Arthur Morell Saunders Col. G. M. J. Moore. 1886. 51 )) )J " 1888. Robert Bourke, Barou Connemara 1891. Col. G. M. J. Moore F.' M. Wilkinson! 1893. )) )i » Sir Arthur Collins. 287 t^ (1(6-1 WcS CJC5 o !=l •1-1 o PM S -+3 a. CO o a £=^ a a-fa L" -H ja a D 3 fci *3 ta .1 -i^ -i M . S Ceo® . - (D :: (D -^ tic - o 'S - " (D © Oq = »S 'S^ -ag Mi-;E g: a c? s >►. s ^ „° S S SOm, gCQ "^s£§& r~t i' Jam Will J. D Sir And 0) ^ ccCB a -a . u (D ffi eS O C3 Q CO<35VICDi3i^CC'*w5!Dt^OrH(NCO'*lOC01>00050TH QOQOd^0505000000'-l^rHi-H^r-lp-HrHp-HW(?q(M S-t-l-it-S-SoCOOOOOOOOOOOOCOGOOOCOOOOOOOXOOOO tH^JHrtrHiHiHSHrHr-<«r-(rHrHrHrHr^rHrtr-.r-lrH 288 f u 0} o m O « bo 'a o K1 id CO t3 d > o u o g CQ fe s GQ C8 •5 =W ja O n d s o Ci O - " d CD f^ H s . . s - - -a w h O & •g = = ^ ^ o < > . - (0 " " K d c '3 m QQ -SI'S S O d n sw ^ ■a .-a HooH a ra a 1 o ~ o a S o o d « a s s « § =fe e H v C4 CO -^ (M M (M Q 1— 1 1— t 1— 1 bo :S ■=§ M n O 03 . , o l-jfe 1-5 C3 1-5 ^ 1-5' 1-5 W 1-j' Ph <) d ! 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H -Col. d cq g B o g i J, J- ra M rtO) . 1^ i-H -^ r> S & CDCoSa5COCoKl^t~l>i>l>I>t~J>'>QO<»CO0O0OaO0OQOCO0O OOOOaOOOOOOOOCOQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXlOOaOCOOOCOOOCOM rH,HiH»-tiH»-tiHi-(rHrHrHt-(iHiHt-Hr-lrHrHiHrHiHiHrHrHrHi-H p< a a O O O as B 53 00-Q l^l.a fl a H ■ ^ ^ e-cS „• © . a fe o °° © °.>;. © U © m Oh © . 5a .2 P.© •~ i- S 2 > 2 S.S llEHPk a • !:; ■ qM.|W to rA (^i CO ^ i2 O) 00 00 00 00 QO 290 u o m bo o !=l u o Cm O ft. GD Is 2 fct -iK^ , . 11. >^^^ H° W^ Q DCOQOQOaOOOOOQOOOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOOQOQOOOm^gJj 291 1 1^ a, (IS 'i. Dodson. ajor A. Ourtoia. J. Massey. Gerdea. H. Peebles. wasji Bdulji. Wilken. Abraham. W. Hay BUis. Dunsterville. G. Pavev. P o Brockman. D. Ross Johnson. Surg.-Maj.P. H.B Capt. C. B. Little. > d-i 1^- &: .;r ■ 00 QO 00 r ■ r^ • 00 00 00 mO 1-3 rt 1-1 iH .« O SO OS 3 t. H5 9 . rd -« •2 o 9 'S .ESS . eo m a S o ^- J ^_ O I R H-iiitEd^i-Jo&il £=3 o I— < CO £ .g iH (M 00 00 m-*>rtieoJc-ooaiOi-i(NKii*iog{--cofflOiH« £S2!5 J>. t^ ** i> t^ I>- J^ 00 00 00 00 GO oo 00 00 00 00 05 OS 05 Oi Ci Oi 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 oo 00 00 00 00 00 ^^i-tiHiHiHiHiHfHfHrHiHi-iiHi-lpHrHpHi-frH i-tiHiH 292 S-l o m 0} bo O f-) Kb u PI > o Ph C4-I o 09 -l-t '5 m u s p-l J. H. Walker. Capt. B. V. Lais. G. A. Murray. M. Percy. JJ JJ 00 1 •0 . m ^ " :; r « mm ^ = : 5 = II d = — fe: i Charles Bromley L. Bowden W. Linley —Monteith J. Goolden P. Coultriip G. M. Storey H. O'Hara B. Hunter K. T. Lawrence L. R. Shand JJ JJ B. L. Gordon — Williams Walter Joyes Capt. T. P. Ganes ... 0. H. Wilton L. Miller F. Wilson J. B. Cardozo JJ JJ "• a m <1 —Flynn —Scott —Aldrett W. II. Buohan Maj. J. P. Ewart ... Capt. 0. F. Smithery. Capt. F. Gadsden .. Cpt. A.W.P. Anderson C. W. Pearoe JJ JJ CQ § s 0) 1 s £ S Edward Gordon J. C. Morris A. J. Greenlaw M. McDowell J. Dickson G. WilliamB R. Hunter JJ —Flynn -Scott B. L. Gordon H. Morrison John Mills Lt.-Col. A. ,1. P. Bwart.... Capt. G. W. Law ..1 Capt. F. Gadsden H. Tate H. G. F. Rumsey 1 CO ^ w3 oi -^ w d N 05 -# id !D 05 ?q CO '^ \o -0" i>: 00 S j>aooOGOOoaoooaoooooQOooaoxooQ030xx^QofeSo*^ 2&3 ^•1 ?>^|1 S-S^, g g'g:fc § » S » g« 1=3 I mes Gray . E. Schm B. Lilly w C. Oobbe L. Winch Barnard . T. Newit Bartoli MoLeece B. Barton W. Schmi J. Symon Smith Fischer J. Fergus one Appoi «•&•-"" ^ 1-; S S M 3 1-5 i-5^i-;i^cBh^&:di-;>-itHe^'drtH6. | J>t-f-t>f>l>-O00O0OC3OQO000O0O0OQ0O5 OiOlOSOi'^ C]O00Q0000000CO0OQ0GOGOGO00GO0O000OX0O0Oa30O 294 Date. Standard Bearer. Aesistant Pursuivant. 1885. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. ( J. A. Douglas I W. T. S. Marks f C. J. H. Ellis I S. Pulney Andy ( W. H. Whitlook ( W. R. Seward J k. Ananda Bao I W. Kelly 1 Ookerji Fakerji \ S. Ramaswamier f W. F. Grahame i M. D. Xarainengar f N. G. Benson { Capt. G. A. P. Evans f B. A. C. Wilson I P. Webbe f C. Bowell 1 Munsiab Ali f W. C. Agis I B. G. Windle ( Sur.-Maj.-Genl.W.F.DeFabeck \ H. Robinson > A. Ananda Bao. j- J. S. Hnggins. f M. Purdatesan Moodeliar. f G. Duncan. f P. Viziarnnga Moodeliar. > C. L. Mergler. I M. Theagasa Moodeliar. i Hon. C. Sunkaran Nair. [ J. Teagaraja Iyer. [ Capt. 0. H. Boardman. [ J. Wisken.