rjHdHmMwgHHHmMei '■w- v._i 'J H6 {gyHi||y|n|UgHMi J74 Iv^^^^l |_p 1873 ^ffi HI ■Btt:|> 'fl^Hl B^iHbi^'wB 1^ _ H ^^^^^^^^^B^^M^^H^^Hfv ^B ill! ^SfiiE^^'naiw (cT^'^il /"» 880 /8 73 Date Due B.PR £- 354 4ft»:-^^J3SlM — iAM-#^=1S^^ CORNELL university' LIBRARY FROM A FUND RECEIVED BY BEQUEST OF WILLARD FISKE 1831-1504 FIRST LIBRARIA2Sr OF THIS UNIVERSITY : 1868-188:! ^pr- w- ^^ ^-./^l DATE DUE ^^m^ BoiW* M FfS^^^ NO Cornell University Library DA 880.H6J74 1873 Historical geography of the clans of Sco 3 1924 028 086 696 ......i / A^ Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028086696 THE Historical Geography Clans of Scotland. T. B. JOHNSTON, F.R.G.S. F.R.S.E. & F.S.A.S., AND Colonel JAMES A. ROBERTSON, F.SA.S. SECOND EDITION. W. & A. K.' J O H N S T O N, GEOGRAPHERS, ENGRAVERS, AND PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN, EDINBURGH AND LONDON. U J y Y ENTERED IN STATIONERS' HALL. CONTENTS. Map of Scotland divided into Clans, Frontispiece Preface, •••••...... Explanatory Remarks on the Map, ....... Roll of the Landislordis and Baillies, ....,., g Rotation of the Highland Clans as given in two Acts of Parliament, dated 1587 AND 1594, jj Names of Highland Chiefs and Landlords contained in the Act of Parliament 1587, NOT named in the ROLL OF THE ClANS, .... Strength of the Highland Forces in 171 5, Badges of the Clans, ........ War Cries of the Clans, ....... Itinerary of Prince Charles from his Landing to Edinburgh, Itinerary of Prince Charles from Edinburgh to Culloden, . Itinerary of Prince Charles from Culloden to Arasaig, Map of the Various Routes (two pages). Account of the Battle of Prestonpans, ........ 22 Plan of the Battle. Account of the Battle of Falkirk, ••••••.. 24 Plan of the Battle. Account of the Battle of Culloden, ■•■••■.. 26 Map of the District, with Line of March of the two Armies. Plan of the Battle. Act of Parliament, dated 1746, for disarming the Highlands, and restraining the use OF the Highland Dress, ......... 30 13 13 14 IS 16 17 21 J^t^fat^ to tjy^ jFitst (B^ititixt. X HE following publication was suggested by the frequent applications made to the Publishers for information as to the limits and positions of the districts occupied by the Clans of Scotland, and as to the correct line of separation between the Highlands and the Lowlands. At first nothing more was intended than a reproduction of one of the old maps, which have now become scarce, but a little investigation showed that the best of them were very imperfect and inaccurate, and not worth reproducing. In these circumstances it was found necessary to commence the work from the beginning, taking as a basis the Acts of Parliament of 1587 and 1594, for the reason given in the note explanatory of the Map. After having produced the Map, it was thought that some interesting additions could be made to the publication, by combining with it, in a convenient form, several articles connected with the Highlands not of easy access to the general public, — such as the Roll of the Clans, Strength of the Highland Forces, their War Cries, Badges, etc. Having gone so far, it followed almost as a matter of course, to introduce the last appearance of the Clans as an Army, when they rallied round the standard of the unfortunate Prince Charles, an interest in whose adventures, and those of his gallant followers, can never cease to be felt so long as the exquisite songs and ballads in which they are narrated, maintain their place as ' household words,' not only in every house in this country, but also in every distant land in which the Scottish emigrant has found a home. This led to the Map of the Prince's Wanderings, the Plans and Descriptions of his Battles, and as a sequel, the Act of Parliament of 1746 for disarming the Highlands and restricting the Use of the Highland Dress. It will thus be seen that the work is not in any sense a history of the Clans, although, it is hoped, that it may be found a useful companion to any history of Scotland, or of the Highlands. Thanks are due to W. F. Skene, LL.D., for his very valuable assistance in laying down the Highland boundary which represents the traditional line, formed by the natural features of the country, whilst the limits of the respective clans, as coloured on the Map, represent the territory acquired by many of them beyond that line ; to James Drummond, R.S.A., for the use of his rare print of Culloden, from which the plan of the battle is compiled ; to David Laing, LL.D., and John Stuart, LL.D., for valuable information and assistance. August 1872. 5Pt^face t0 tjj^ Suottb (^tritt0n. X HE call for a Second Edition of this work within a year, is a proof that the Publishers were not mistaken in supposing that it was required. As might have been expected, orders have been received from all the colonies to which Highlanders have emigrated, — Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and also from the United States of America, Advantage has been taken in this edition to correct a few errors that existed in the first ; a new Plan of the Battle of Falkirk, corrected from local information, has been substituted for that formerly given, and the colouring of the large map has been greatly improved and rendered more distinet. The Publishers refer with pleasure to the very favourable reviews received, extracts from which will be found at the end of the volume. >»« 1873. Explanatory Remarks on the Map. X HE map is constructed and coloured to show the situation and possessions of the Clans, as well as the properties of the Landlords, in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. The former (the Clans) are all enumerated in two Acts of Parliament, dated 1587* and 1594:! The names of the latter (the Landlords) are appended to the Act of 1587 ; thus the names and possessions of the two parties having possession of all the north of Scotland, rests on an authentic historical basis. This early date has been selected, because most of the inhabitants occupied the districts they had inherited from their forefathers, as it was not till a later date that the stronger clans began to oppress the weaker, and deprive them of their inheritance. Every effort has been made to secure, as far as possible, perfect accuracy : for this purpose public and private records and histories have been searched, and it has been the earnest desire of the compilers to divide the land with the strictest impartiality, and in accordance only with the evidence before them. As no properly authenticated map, showing the positions of the Highland Clans has ever been offered to the public, it is hoped that the present publication will supply the defect. It is true that General Stuart, in his work on the Highlands, attempted to represent the possessions of the clans as at the period of 174S, but it is in many particulars most inaccurate : thus a whole clan (the MacNabs) is not named in his map ; whilst the extensive estates of the Campbells of Lochnell and Barcaldine are represented as belonging to the Stewarts of Appin. In Perthshire, the large estates of Robertson of Lude and Faskally, as also parts of that of Strowan, are represented as the property of the Stewarts and the Duke of Athol. The map is a strong corroborative proof of the now generally recognised fact, that the comparatively insignificant Irish colony which settled in Argyleshire, never could have acquired the large and extensive territories which belonged to the Highlanders of Scotland, as it is impossible that this trifling colony could have dispossessed the original inhabitants of the country, the ancestors of the Gael of Alban, the descendants of the valiant Caledonians, and not of the Irish, as the fabulous writers have pretended. The rotation, and the numbering of the clans, have been made exactly [as they occur in the Acts of Parliament ; so also is that of the landlords of the Highlands and Islands. On the map, the residences of the chiefs and those of the heads of families are marked in black, having the number of the clan below in upright print, while the possessions of the landlords are named in italics with Roman numerals. * Acts of Parliament of Scotland, vol. iii., pp. 461-467. f Acts of Parliament, vol. iv., pp. Ti-IZ- 8 Roll of the Landislordis and Baillies. loll 0f \^t iatiMslotbts antr IBailU^s. The Roll of the Names of the Landislordis and Baillies of Landis in the Hielandis and Iles, QUHAIR BROKIN MEN HES DUELT AND PRESENTLIE DUELLIS,* 158/. [From the Transactions of the lona Club, vol. i., 1839, with Notes by the editor, Donald Gregory, Esq., and with additional information by Colonel James A. Robertson.] The Duke of Lennox.^ The Laird of Buchanane.^ The Laird of M'Farlane of the Arroquhar.^ The Laird of Luss.* The Laird M'Cawla of Ardincaple.' Landislordis and Baillies. The Laird of Marchinstoun.® The Laird of Glennegyis.'^ The Erie of Glencarne.^ The Laird of Druiriquhassil.^ The Laird of Kilcreuch.^" The Tutour of Menteith." The Laird of Knockhill." Hary Schaw of Cambusmoir. The Laird of Kippanross.^^ The Laird of Burley.^* The Laird of Keir.^^ The Master of Levingstoun.-'^ * Ludovick, second Duke of Lennox ; whose father, Esme, Lord of Aubigny in France, (son of John, Lord of Aubigny, third son of John third Earl of Lennox, of the Stewarts,) was created by King James VI. Earl of Lennox, 5th March 1579-80, and Duke of Lennox, sth August 1581. * Sir George Buchanan of that ilk, second of that name, and, according to Auchmar, nine- teenth Laird of Buchanan. The lands of this ancient family lay chiefly in the Highland dis- tricts of Menteith and Lennox, in the vicinity of Loch Lomond and Loch Katrine, and are now possessed by the Duke of Montrose. ^ Andrew Macfarlane of that ilk, chief of his ancient clan, descended, in the male line, from Gilchrist, a younger son of Alwyn, second Earl of Lennox, of the old family. * Humphrey Colquhoun of Luss. '^ Awlay, afterwards Sir Awlay Macawlay of Ardincapill, one of the principal vassals of the Duke of Lennox. ° Sir Archibald Napier of Merchistoun and Edinbellie, father of John Napier of Merchistoun, the celebrated inventor of the Logarithms. He possessed considerable lands in the earldoms of Menteith and Lennox, and likewise at Ardow- nane (or Ardeonaig,) on the south side of Loch Tay, in virtue of his descent from Elizabeth, daughter of Murdac de Menteth, and sister and one of the co-heiresses of Patrick de Menteth of Rusky. ' John Haldane of Glenageis (now called Gleneagles), descended from Agnes, the other co-heiress of the above-mentioned Patrick Men- teth of Rusky, through whom he possessed con- siderable lands in the districts of the Highlands, mentioned in the preceding note. ' James, seventh Earl of Glencaim. Not yet discovered what possessions this nobleman had in the Highlands. Perhaps he is only brought here as answerable for his relation, Drumquhassill— (&if Kcr^ note). Glencairn was, moreover, connected with the Highlands by marriage, his first wife being eldest daughter (by the second marriage) of Sir Colin Campbell, sixth laird of Glenurchy. ° John Cunningham of Drumquhassill was served heir to his father, John C. of D. , in the £^ lands, old extent, of Portnellan, Galbraith, and TuUochan, with the Islands of Loch Lomond, adjacent to the same, in the Dukedom of Lennox, 1613. — [Special Retours, Co. Dun- barton, No. 15.) — This ancient family descended from Andrew Cunnrnghame, said to have been a younger son of Sir Robert Cunningham of Kil- maurs, and to have lived in the reign of David II. " James Galbraith of Kilcreuch, in the Lennox, is mentioned 1584-5, and Robert Galbraith was laird of Kilcreuch anno 1593. — Registrum Secreti Concilii. ■' George Graham, tutor or guardian, to John, sixth earl of Menteith, of the Grahams. — Registrum Secreti Concilii, 1584-5. " James Shaw of Knockhill, in Menteith, is mentioned in 1584-5, Reg. Sec. Con. ; and Wniiam Shaw of Knockhill in 1599. — Compota Thesaurarii Scotice. " Stirling of Kippenross. " Su: Michael Balfour of Burleigh, who was superior, if not proprietor, at this time of the lands of Mochaster, &c. , in Menteith. '^ Sir James Stirling of Keir. " Alexander, aftervrards seventh Lord Liv- ingston. This family possessed the lands of Callander and Corriechrombie in Menteith, with other lands in the Highlands of Perth- shire, * This and the foUovring ROLL OF Clans are appended to a long and important Act of Parliament regarding the police of the country, entitled " For the quieting and keeping in obedience of the disordourit subjectis inhabitantis of the Bordouris, Hielandis, and His," but commonly called, from one of its most important provisions, "The General Band," or Bond. As this Act of Parliament is very frequently referred to in documents connected with the Highlands, the curious reader is referred to the latest edition of the Acts of the Scottish Parliament (edited by Thomas Thomson Esq.) vol. iii, pp. 461 to 467, where it is printed entire. Boll of the Landislordis and Baillies. The Lord of Down.i'' The Lord Drummond.i^ The Laird of Tullibardin.^' The Laird of Glenorquhy.^* The Laird of Lawaris.^^ The Laird of Weyme.^^ The Abbot of Inchaffray.^^ Coline Campbell of Ardbeich.^* The Laird of Glenlyoun.^^ The Erie of Athoill.^s The Laird of GrantulHe.^^ The Laird of Strowane-Robertsone.^ The Laird of Strowane-Murray.^^ The Laird of Wester Wemyss,^" The Laird of Abbotishall.''i The Laird of Teling.^^ The Laird of Inchmartine.^^ The Laird of Purie-Fothringhame.'* The Laird of Moncreiff.^^ The Laird of Balleachane.^*' The Barroun of Fandowie.^'^ The Erie of Erroll^s The Erie of Gowry.^^ The Laird of Cultybragane.*" The Lord Ogilvy.*i The Laird of Clovay.*^ The Laird of Fintray.*^ The Laird of Edyell.** The ErleofMar.*5 The Master of Elphingstoun.** The Erie Huntlie.*^ The Master of Forbes/* The Laird of Grant.*' Makintosche.^" The Lord and Tutour of Lovate.^^ Cheisholme of Cummer.^^ " James Stewart, first Lord Doune, father of the " bonny Earl of Moray." " Patrick, third Lord Drummond. " Sir John Murray of TulUbardin, in Strath- eam. This baron also possessed lands in Bal- quhidder. '" Duncan, afterwards Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenurchy, seventh laird — one of the most potent of the Highland barons. ''^ John, afterwards Sir John, Campbell of Lawers (whose ancestor was a cadet of the family of Glenurchy). He possessed consider- able lands both in Breadalbane and Stratheam. '^ James Menzies of that ilk, or of Weym, proprietor of extensive lands in Breadalbane, Strathtay, and Rannoch. *' James Drummond, Commendator of Inch- affray, and laird of Innerpeffry, possessor also of lands in Balquidder. He was brother of Patrick Lord Drummond, and was created, in 1609, Lord Maderty. His grandson, William, fourth Lord Maderty, was created Viscount Strathallan in 1686. " Brother to Sir Duncan Campbell of Glen- urchy. His lands lay in the vicinity of Loch- eamhead. ^' Colin Campbell of Glenlyon, descended from the house of Glenurchy. ^^ John, fifth Earl of Atholl, of the Inner- meath line. 2' Sir Thomas Stewart of GrandtuUy, de- scended likewise from the house of Innermeath, proprietor of many lands in Strathtay. ^' Donald Robertson of Strowan, in Atholl. '^ John Murray of Strowan, in Stratheam. His daughter was married after this period to Eoin dubh Macgregor (afterwards killed at Glen- frune, in 1603), brother to AUaster Macgregor of Glenstray, chief of the Clan Gregor. 30 i\ The editor is unable at present to say who these individuals were, or what was their interest in the Highlands, which the author therefore supplies. [There were two families in Fife, Wemyss of Wester Wemyss, and Scott of Abbotshall, the heads of which are probably meant here. The family of Wemyss acquired right to an estate in Atholl, called Kinnaird, by marriage of the heiress of De Inchmartin, Perth- shire, which family had married a daughter of John Earl of Atholl, who was beheaded in 1306. The family of Wemyss sold the property of Kinnaird to Stewart of Rosyth, but retained the superiority, and a younger son of Rosyth was the ancestor of the Stewarts of Kinnaird. \Ro- bertson!s ' Concise Historical Proofs. '] '^ Sir David Maxwell of Teling, in Forfarshire. He may have possessed lands in the Brae of Angus. '^ Patrick Ogilvie of Inchmartine ; proprie- tor of lands in the south-eastern Highlands of Perthshire. '* Thomas Fothringham of Powrie, also a proprietor in the Brae of Angus. '^ William Moncrieff of that ilk, proprietor of the lands of Culdares and Tenaiffis in Bread- albane, which he afterwards sold to Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenurchy. These lands had been possessed by the family of Moncrieff for several centuries. '° Sir James Stewart of Ballechin, in Athole, descended from a natural son of King James II. This family was formerly styled of Stuiks. " John Macduff, alias Ferguson, Baron of Fandowie, in Atholl, was executed for his ac- cession to Cowrie's Conspiracy, 1600. '' Francis, eighth Earl of Errol. JThis noble- man possessed Logyalmond, part of Inchmartine, and other lands on or near the Highland line. " James Ruthven, second Earl of Gowrie, and fifth Lord Ruthven, he possessed lands in Strathardile, and Strathbran, in the south- eastern Highlands of Perthshire. He died in 1588, in his fourteenth year. *' Alexander Reidheuch of Cultebragan. His lands lay in and near Glenleidnoch, in the earldom of Strathern. Edward Reidheuch, fiar of Cultebragan, is frequently mentioned in the records at this period. " James, sixth Lord Ogilvy of Airly. This nobleman had large possessions in Glen-Isla and other parts of the Brae of Angus. " Alexander Ogilvy of Clova was alive in 1557- James Ogilvy was served heir to James Ogilvy of Clova, his father, in the lands of Clova, &c., 1623. The lands of this family lay principally in the Brae of Angus. " Sir David Graham of Fintry, Knight, a considerable proprietor in Forfarshire, was alive 1577. This family descended, it is said, from a younger son of the Grahams of Kincardine, afterwards Earls of Montrose. " Sir David Lindsay of Edyell, proprietor of Glenesk, and other lands in the Highlands of Forfarshire. " John Erskine, seventh Earl of Mar, pro- prietor of Braemar, &c. *° Alexander, afterwards fourth Lord Elphin- stone. This noble family seem to have possessed Corgarff, in Banffshire, Kildrummy, &c. &c. *' George, sixth Earl, and afterwards first Marquis of Huntly, Lord of Badenoch and Lochaber. *' John, afterwards eighth Lord Forbes. This family possessed large Highland estates near the sources of the river Don,, in Aberdeenshire. *° John Grant of Freuchy. '» Lauchlan Macintosh of Dunauchton, Cap- tain of the Clanchattan. " Simon, eighth Lord Lovat, and Thomas Fraser of Knockie and Strichen, his uncle and guardian. '^ Alexander Chisholm of Strathglass was alive anno 1578. John Chisholm of Comer is mentioned anno 1613. 10 Boll of the Landislordis and Baillies. The Larde of Glengarry.^^ Mackanyie.^* The Laird of Fowlis.^^ The Laird of Balnagown.'^^ The Tutour of Cromartie.^'^ The Erie of Suthirland.^** The Laird of Duffus.^» James Innes of Touchis.^" The Erie of Caithness,^^ The Erie Merschall.^^ The Lord 01iphant.«° The Laird of Boquhowy.'* The Laird of Dunnybeyth.^^ Macky of Far.«° Torquill M'Cloyd of Cogoych.^^ The Laird of Garloch.®^ Makgillichallum of Raarsay."^ M'CloidoftheHarrich.™ M'Kynnoun of Strathodell." M'Cleud of the LewesJ^ M'Neill of Barray." M'Kane of Ardnamurchin.'* Allane M'Kane of Ilandterum. The Laird of Knoydert.'^^ M'Clane of Dowart.^^ The Lard of Ardgowir.''' Johnne Stewart of the Appin. M'CouU of Lome. '5 M'CouU of Roray.7^ The Laird of Lochynnell.^" The Laird of Caddell.^i The Laird of Skermourlie, for Rauchry,^^ M'Condoquhy of Innerraw.^^ Angus M'Coneil of Duiiyveg and Glennis. The Laird of Lowip.^* The Schiref of Bute.^^ The Laird of Camys.^'' Erie of Ergile.^^ Laird of Auchinbrek.^^ The Laird of Ardkinglass.^^ M'Nauchtane.^" M'Lauchlane.^i The Laird of Lawmont.^^ The Laird of Perbrak.^s The Laird of Duntrune.^* Constable of Dundy, Laird of Glastry.^5 °' Donald Macangus [Macranald] of Glen- garry, proprietor also in right of his grandmother (Margaret, sister and co-heiress of Sir Donald de Insulis of Lochalsh) of the half of the lands of Lochalsh, Lochcarron, and Lochbroom, in Ross-shire. " Colin Mackenzie of Kintail, whose grand- father had acquired from Dingwall of Kildun, half of the lands of Lochalsh, Lochcarron, and Lochbroom, which Dingwall inherited from his mother Janet, the other co-heiress of Sir Donald of Lochalsh. *' Robert Munro of Fowlis, said to have been the 15th Baron of that ancient house. '° Alexander Ross of Balnagown, descended in a direct line from Hugh Ross of Rarichies, second son of Hugh, the sixth Earl of Ross, of the old family. " John Urquhart of Craigfintiy and Culbo, guardian to his grand-nephew Thomas, after- wards Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromarty. '* Alexander, eleventh Earl of Sutherland. " Alexander Sutherland of Duffus was alive in 1555. William Sutherland of Duffus, pro- bably his son, is mentioned in 1605. °° The editor has not yet ascertained what lands in the Highlands this individual possessed. °' George Sinclair, fifth Earl of Caithness. " George, fifth Earl Marischall. "' Lawrence, fourth Lord Oliphant. He possessed, among other lands, Berrydale in Caithness, on account of which he appears to be included in this Roll. '* Patrick Mowat of Boquhally, a consider- able proprietor in Caithness, is mentioned in 1564. Magnus Mowat of Boquhally is mention- ed in 1598. '" William Sinclair ofDunbeath, in Caithness. °° Hugh Mackay of Farr, father of Donald, first Lord Reay. "' Torquil Macleod was the eldest son of Roderick Macleod of the Lewis, by that Baron's second marriage with a daughter of Mackenzie of Kintaill. During his father's lifetime he held the estate of Cogeache, and was known by that title ; but on his father's death he claimed the estates and style of Macleod of Levris, his title to which was disputed. ^^ John Mackenzie of Gairloch. '° Malcolm Macleod, or Macgillechallum of Rasay, nearest heir male at this time of the Macleods of Lewis, after the descendants of the body of Roderick Macleod of Lewis. '° William Macleod of Harris, Dunvegan, and Glenelg, chief of the Siol Tormaid. " Lauchlan Mackinnon of Strathwardill in Skye, and of Mishnish in Mull, chief of his ancient tribe. '^ Roderick Macleod of the Lewis, Cogeache and Assint, chief of the Siol Torcuil, '' Roderick Macneill of Barra. '* John Maccoin, or Macian, of Ardnamur- chan, chief of an ancient tribe sprang from the family of the Isles. " Alexander Macranald of Knoydert, chief- tain of his tribe, an ancient branch of the Clan- ranald. '" Lauchlan, afterwards Sir Lauchlan Mac- lean of Dowart, a brave and gallant soldier, as he proved himself by the battle of Glenlivat, in 1594. " Ewin Maclean of Ardgour, representative of an ancient branch of the family of Dowart. " Dougal Macdougal of Dunolly. '' Allan Macdougal of Raray. *° Archibald Campbell, second Laird of Lochnell, kiUed at the battle of Glenlivat, 1594. " John Campbell of Calder or Cadder, fre- quently written Caddell. "' Sir Robert Montgomery of Skelmoriie, who seems, at this time, to have possessed the small island of Rachry, or Rachrin, lying near the coast of Antrim. " Dougal Macconachy (Campbell) of In- verraw, head of an ancient sept of the Campbells. " Alexander Macallaster of Loupe, in Kin- tyre. '^ John Stewart Sheriff of Bute. '^ Hector Bannatyne of Kames, in Bute. " Archibald, seventh Earl of Argyll, then a minor. His principal guardian was John Camp- bell of Calder. *' Duncan Campbell of Auchinbreck. '" Sir James Campbell of Ardkinlass. ™ Malcolm Macnauchtane of Dundaraw. "' Archibald Maclauchlan of Sfralauchlan, or of that ilk. "2 James Lament of Inveryne, or of that ilk. ™ Colin Campbell of Barbrek. "* John Campbell of Duntrune. "» James, afterwards Sir James, Scrymgeour of Dudope, constable of Dundee, and proprietor of the barony of Glasry in Argyleshire, which had been in the possession of this family for many generations. The Laird of Elanegreg.^* The Laird of Otter.^^ Boll of the Landislordis and Baillies, 11 The Laird of Coll.^^ Makclayne of Lochbuy.^ " Campbell of Elangreg. " Archibald Campbell younger of Otter is mentioned in 1580. »' Hector Maclean of Coll. »' John Maclean of Lochbuy. '»» Murdoch Macfee of Colonsay. M'Fee of Collowsay.i"" The Lord Hamiltoun.i"! "" Lord John Hamilton, afterwards Marquis of Hamilton. He is brought in here as proprie- tor of the Isle of Arran. The Roll of the Clannis [in the hielandis and Iles] that hes Capitanes, Cheiffis, and Chiftanes quhome on thay depend, oft tymes aganis the WILLIS OF thair landislordis : and of sum speciale personis of branchis of the saidis Clannis, 1587. Buchananis. M'Ferlanis, Arroquhar. M'Knabbis. Grahmes of Menteth. Stewartis of Buchquhidder. Clangregour. Clanlawren. Campbellis of Lochnell. Campbellis of Innerraw. Clandowill of Lome. Stewartis of Lome, or of Appin. Clane M'Kane of Avricht."^ ■"^ The Clan Eoin, or Macdonalds of Glen- co, whose chief was patronymically styled "Mac Eoin Abrach" Stewartis of Athoill, and pairtis adiacent. Clandonoquhy, in Athoill, and pairtis adiacent. Menyessis, in Athoill and Apnadull. Clan M 'Thomas in Glensche. Fergussonis. Spaldingis. Makintoscheis, in Athoill. Clancamroun. Clanrannald, in Lochquhaber.io^ Clanrannald of Knoydert, Modert, and Glengarry. Clanlewid of the Lewis. Clanlewyd of Harray. Clanneil. Clankynnoun. Clan leane.^"* Clanquhattan. Grantis. Frasseris. Clankanye. Clanandreis."^ Monrois. Murrayis, in Suthirland. ■°' The Macdonalds in the Braes of Loch- aber, commonly called the Macdonalds of Kep- poch. '" The Clan Eoin of Andnamurchan. '" The Rosses, of whom Balnagowan was the chief. Roll of the Broken Clans in the Highlands and Isles,* 1594. Oure Soverane Lord and his estaitis in this present Parliament, considering that, nochtwithstanding the sindrie actis maid be his Hienes, and his maist nobill progenitouris, for punischment of the authoris of thift, reiff, oppressioun, and sorning, and masteris and sustenaries of thevis ; yet sic hes bene, and presentlie is, the barbarous cruelties and daylie heirschippis of the wickit thevis and lymmaris of the clannis and surenames following, inhabiting the Hielands and lies ; Thay ar to say :— Clangregour.^"^ Clanfarlane, Clanlawren. Clandowill. "" An undesirable precedence seems to be assigned to the Clan Gregor in this Roll. '»' It will be observed that the Clanchattan and Macphersons are distinguished from each other in this Roll. Clandonochie. Clanchattane.^'"' Clanchewill."8 Clanchamron. Clanronald, in Lochaber. Clanranald, in Knoydert, Modert, and Glengarie. Clanleyid of the Lewis. "" It is doubtful, at present, what tribe is in- dicated by "Clan Chewill." The Clanquhale are named in the year 1392 as followers of the De Atholia family, the ancestors of the Robert- sons of AthoU. See ist vol. Scots Acts Parlia- ment, p. 217, when the whole chieftains of the Clandonachy were forfeited for the two battles in which they had defeated the Lindsays, &c., &c., in 1 39 1. The locality of this tribe seems to have been somewhere in Badenoch or Lochaber. * From an Act of Parliament ' for punishment of thift, reiff, oppressioun, and soiming,' vol. iv. p. 71. 12 Botation of the Highland Clans. Clanlewid of Harriche. Clandonald, south and north.^"' Clangillane. Clanayioun.u" Clankynnoun. Clanneill. Clankenyie. Clanandries. Clanmorgan.^^^ Clangun. Cheilphale."' And als many brokin men of the surnames of— Stewartis, in Athoill, Lome, and Balquhedder. Grahames, in Menteith. Buchannanis. M'Cawlis. Galbraithis. M'Nabbis. M'Nabrichis."' Menzeis. Fergussonis. Spadingis. M'Intoscheis, in Athoill. M'Thomas, in Glensche. Ferquharsonis, in Bra of Mar. And ufheris inhabiting the Schirefdomes of Ergyle, Bute, Dunbartane, Striviling, Perth, Forfar, Aberdene, Bamf, Elgin, Forres, Name, Inuernes, and Cromertie, Stewartries of Stratherne and Menteith, &c. M'Inphersonis."* Grantis, Rossis. Frasseris. Monrois. Neilsonis.^i^ "|» The Clandonald South were the Clan Eoin-mhor of Isk and Kintyre. The Clan- donald North were the Clan Huistein of Sky and North Uist. "" Clan Eoin of Amamurchan, probably. '" The Mackays of Strathnaver. '" A sept of the Mackays, descended from one Paul Macneill Mackay. iij " J\f'j\^abrichis,'' a contraction probably for Mac Eoinabrichis" the Glenco Macdonalds. '" See Note 107. lis " J^feilsonis," the editor conjectures to mean another sept of the Mackays, called by Sir Robert Gordon Seill Ntill. Rotation of the Highland Clans as mentioned in two Acts of Parliament, 1587 and 1594. [The numbers correspond with those given on the Map of the Clans.] I. 2. 3- 4- S- 6. 7- 8. 9- 10. II. 12. 13- 14- IS- 16. 17- 18. 19. 20. 21. Buchanan's. M'Farlane's. M'Nab's. Graham's of Menteith. Stewart's of Balquhidder. Clan Gregor, the M'Gregor's. Clan Lawren, the M'Laren's. Campbell's of Lochnell. Campbell's of Inverawe. Clan Dougal, M'Dougal's. Stewart's of Appin. Clan Ian Abrach, or Macdonald's of Glencoe. Stewart's in Atholl, and parts adjacent. Clandonachy, or Robertson's of Atholl, and parts adjacent. Menzies's. Clan M'Thomas, in Glenshee. Fergusson's, in Glenshee. Spalding's in Glenshee. M'Intoshe's of Glentilt. Clan Cameron. Clan Ranald of Lochaber, or Macdonald's of Keppoch. 22, Clan Ranald of Moydart, Knoydart, Arasaig, Morar, and Glengarry, all Macdonalds. 23-?^, T , ^ M-Leod's of Lewis. fClan Leod -} ,_,_ ,, ^ ^^ 24. 3 C M'Leod's of Harris. 25. Clan Neil, or MacNeils. 26. Clan Kinnon, or M'Kinnon's. 27. The Clan Macian, or Macdonald's of Ardnamurchan and Sunnart. 28. The Clanchattan, Macphersons, and Mackintoshes. 29. The Grants. 30. The Erasers. 31. The Clan Kenzie, or Mackenzie's. 32. The Clan Anrjas, or the Ross's. 33. The Munroes. 34. The Murrays', or Sutherlands'. 35. The Clanquhele, or Shaws of Rothiemurchus. 36. Clan Donald, north and south, Macdonalds'. 37 The Clan Gillean, or MacLeans. 38. The Clan Morgan, or Mackays. 39. The Clan Gunn. 40. The Macaulays'. 41. The Galbraith's. 42. The Farquharson's. Names of Highland Chiefs and Landlords — Strength of the Highland Forces. 13 IN THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLEL in 1587, contained in the Act of Parliament of that date, and not named in the Roll of the Clans. IV. Humphrey Colquhoun of Luss. XVII. Earl of Murray, called 'the Bonny Earl.' XVIII. Patrick, third Lord Drummond. XX. Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenurchy. XXI. Sir John Campbell of Lawers. XXIV. Colin Campbell of Ardveck, brother of Sir Duncan Campbell of Glenurchy. XXV. Colin Campbell of Glenlyon. XXVI. John, fifth Earl of Atholl of the Inner- meath line. XXIX. John Murray of Strowan, in Strathearn. XXXIX. James, second Earl of Gowrie, and fifth Lord Ruthven. XLI. James, sixth Lord Ogilvy of Airly. XLVII. George, sixth Earl, and first Marquis of Huntly. LII. Alexander Chisholm of that ilk, and Strathglass. LXI. George, fifth Earl of Caithness. LXXXV. John Stewart, Sheriff of Bute. LXXXVII. Archibald, seventh Earl of Argyll. LXXXVIII. Duncan Campbell of Auchenbreck. LXXXIX. Sir James Campbell of Ardkinglass. XC. Malcolm Macnaughtan of Dundaraw. XCI. Archibald Maclachlan of Strathlachlan. XCII. James Lamont of that ilk, Inveryne. XCIII. Colin Campbell of Barbreck. XCIV. John Campbell of Duntroon. XCV. Sir James Scrymgeour of Dudhope and Glassary. XCVII. Archibald Campbell of Otter. C. Murdoch Macfie of Colonsay. CI. John, first Marquis of Hamilton. GENERAL WADE gives the following Statement of the Highland Forces in 1715, who fought for King James. The Islands and clans of the late Lord Seaforth, 3000 Macdonalds of Sleat, Macdonalds of Glengarry, . Macdonalds of Moydart, . Macdonalds of Keppock,' . Camerons of Lochiel, . 1000 800 800 220 800 The MacLeods, in all 1000 The Duke of Gordon's followers. 1000 Stewarts of Appin, . Robertsons of Strowan, 400 800 Macintoshes and Farquharsons, 800 10,620 Brought forward, 10,620 MacEwen, in the Isle Skye, The Chisholms of Strathglass, The M'Phersons, ISO ISO 220 The following clans, he adds, joined withouthdMing their superiors with them : — The Atholl men, more than one half of whom were Robertsons and Stewarts, . . . 2000 The Breadalbane men, ..... 1000 14,140 14 Badges of the Clans. Babs^s of i^t Clans. (From Robertson's Historkal Proofs.) SUAICHEANTAS* Nan Gael ; or, the Badges of the Highland Clans, in Gaelic and English.f Clans. Gaelic. English. Buchanans, Dearc ; braoileag, also Darach The Bilberry. The Oak. Camerons, Dearc, Fitheach, The Crowberry. Campbells, Garbhag ant sleibh, Fir Club Moss. Do., Roid, Wild Myrtle. Chisholms, Raineach, The Fern. Colquhouns, Braoileag nan con. The Dogberry, Cummings, Lus mhic Cuiminn, Cummin Plant. Drummonds, Lus na Macraidh, Wild Thyme, the oldest. Do., Cuilionn, Holly. M'Farquhar or' Ferguson, Farquharsons and> Ros-grian, Lus-nam-ban-sith, Little Sunflower, Fox Glove. Forbes and Mackays, Bealaidh, Broom, Frasers, lubhar Yew. Grants, M'Gregors, M'Kinnons") and M'Quarries, ) Guithas, The Scotch Fir. Gordons, ladh shlat Eithann, Ivy. Grahams, Buaidh craobh, na laibhreis. Laurel, the Tree of Victory. Hays, Uile-ic Misletoe. MacAulays and Macfarlanes, Muileag, Cranberry. MacDonalds, MacAlastairs, MacNabs, and") Fraoch, Common Heath. MacDougals, Fraoch-dearg, Bell Heath. Mackenzies and MacLeans, Cuilionn, Holly. MacLauchlans, Faochag,! Lesser Periwinkle. Do., Do., Uinnse, The Mountain Ash. Macleods, Gunns and Ross, Aiteann, Juniper. MacNauchtans. Lus Albanach, The Trailing Azalia, M'Neills and Lamonts, Luigh na tri beann. Trefoil. Mackays, Luachair-bhog, Bull Rushes. MacPherson, M'Intosh, MacDuffs, MacBeans, Shaws, Farquhar- sons, M'Queens, and many ■ others, as belonging to the Craobh aighban, fBoxwood. This is said to be the ( oldest badge. Clanchattan, J Do., Do., Lus na'n Craimsheag Braoilaig, Red Whortleberry. * Aodach-suaich eantas, means the national costume or dress complete, with the badge, &c. t Both Logan, Skene, &c., have heen constilted to form this list. X According to Logan. Badges of the Clans — War Cries. 15 Clans. Gaelic. Menzies's, Fraoch na Meinearach, Munro's, Garbhag na gleann. Murrays, and Sutherlands, Bealaidh, Ogilvies, Lus Boglus, Oliphants Luachair, Robertsons, Dluith Fraoch, Do., Raineach, Rose's, R6s-mairi fiadhaich. Stewarts, Urquharts, Darag, Lus-lethn't-samh-raidh, English. The Menzies Heath. Common Club Moss. Broom. Evergreen Alkanet. The Bull Rush. Fine Leaved Heath. ■ This is also said to be the oldest badge. The Fern. Wild Rosemary. The Oak ; also Cluaran, the thistle, the present national badge. That of the Pictish Kings was Rudh (rue), and which is joined with the thistle in the collar of the order. Wallflower. at Cti^s; OR, RALLYING WORDS OF SOME OF THE CLANS. Buchanan's, 'Clare Innis,' an island in Loch Lomond. Campbell's, ' Cruachan,' a well- known mountain in Argyleshire. Farquharson's, ' Cam na Cu- imhne,' ' the Cairn of Remembrance' in Strathdee. Fraser's, anciently ' Mor-faigh,' or ' Get more;' later ' CastleDownie.' FORBES'S, ' Lonach,' a mountain in Strathdon. Grant's, 'Craig Elachaidh,' or ' Craig Eagalach,' ' the Rock of Alarm,' Strathspey. A portion of the Grants called Clan Chirin have ' Craig Rabhach,' 'theRock of Warn- ing ; ' and add, Standsure. Macdonald's, 'Fraoch eilean,' ' the Heathy Island.' Macdonald's, 'Creig an Fit- heach,' ' the Raven's Rock.' Macfarlanes' 'Loch Sloidh,' or ' Loch Sluagh,' the Loch of the People or Host. MacGregor's, 'Ard-coille,' 'the High Wood.' Macintosh, 'Loch Moy,' or 'Loch na Maoidh,' the Loch of Threatening,' — a lake near the seat of the Chieftain. M'Kenzie's, 'Tulach Ard,' a mountain near Castle Donnan, the stronghold of the clan anciently. M'Pherson's, ' Creig dubh Clann Chattan,' ' the Black Craig of the Clan Chattan.' 16 Itinerary of Prince Charles from his Landing to Edinburgh. Kmmtg of '^xmt CJatUs feom j^b tabins t0 (J^bmbursjy; i HE Prince sailed from Belleisle, in France, on the 12th of July 174S {0. S.), in a small vessel of eighteen guns, called the ' Doutelle,' and landed on the small island of Eriskay, the property of Macdonald of Clan- ranald, situated between the islands of Barra and South Uist, on the i8th. On the 19th his ship entered the Bay of Lochnanuagh, and anchored near the small village of Forsy, between the shores of Moidart and Arasaig. On the 25th of July the Prince landed on the mainland of Scotland, at a small farm called Borrodaile, Inver- ness-shire. On the nth August he sailed to the residence of Macdonald of Kinlochmoidart, about seven miles from Borrodaile. On the i8th he visited the seat of another chieftain of the Macdonald's, in Glenaladale; and, on the following day, proceeded by water to the eastern extremity of Loch Shiel, and on the 19th, the Standard was raised in the vale of Glenfinnan, about forty miles south west of Fort Augustus. The banner was made of red silk, with a white space in the centre, inscribed with the motto, ' Tandem Tritimphans,^ and was unfurled by the old Marquis of TuUibardine. The following morning Charles marched at the head of his men into the country of Lochiel, and took up his residence with that chieftain at Auchnacarrie. On the 2 1st he removed to Kinlochiel, at the head of Loch Eil, in the Cameron's country. The next day the Prince visited Fassefern, the residence of a younger brother of Lochiel ; on the 26th he crossed the river Lochy, and took up his quarters at a small inn at Letterfinlay, on the banks of Loch Lochy. On the 27th he reached Invergarry Castle ; next morning he marched in the direction of Corry Arrick, to attack General Cope, who, in the meantime, had retired to Inverness. After traversing the mountainous districts of Badenoch, the Highland army descended, on the second day, into the vale of Atholl. The army encamped at Dalwhinnie, and, on the 30th of August, the Prince arrived at Blair Castle, the residence of the Duke of Atholl. On the 31st he took up his quarters at the House of Lude, and remained there for two nights. On the 2d of September he proceeded to Nairn House, the seat of Lord Nairn. On the 3d, the Highland forces were at Auchtergaven. On the 4th of September the Prince entered Perth, at the head of his army, Lord Nairn riding at his right hand, and Oliphant of Gask on his left, and remained there till the i ith, when he marched to Dunblane, and, on the evening of the 12th, encamped about a mile to the north of that town. On the 13th the army passed the town of Doune, and crossed the ford of Frew, about seven miles above Stirling. That same night the Prince slept at Bannockburn House ; on the 14th the army reached Falkirk ; on the isth, Linlithgow ; the i6th and 17th were spent in the march to Edinburgh, and he entered the capital of Scotland on the following day. Itinerary of Prince Charles from Edinburgh to Culloden. 17 March of the Highland Army, by Captain James Stuart of Lord Ogilvie's Regiment, 1745-46. [Extracted from the Miscellany of the Spalding Club, vol. p. 277-343.] DATE. PLACE. parole. loth to the nth October. Holyrood-house James and Montrose. 11 12 ... Edward and Canterbury. 12 •• 13 ... Henry and York. 13 14 ... James and Northumberland 14 .. 15 ... Lewis and Carlisle. 16 •• 17 ... Gordon and Galloway. 17 ... 18 ... William and Glasgow. 18 .. 19 ... David and Montrose. 19 20 ... Taffy and Wales. 20 21 ... Robert and Pembroke. 21 22 ... Andrew and Scotland. 22 .. 23 ... Patrick and Ireland. 23 .. 24 ... David and Holyrood-house. 24 .. 25 ... Daniel and Newcastle. 25 ... 26 ... John and Skie. 26 .. 27 ... James and Leith. 27 ... 28 ... Henry and York. 28 ... 29 ... Charles and Wales. 29 ... 30 ... William and Aberdeen. 30 ... 31 Lieth James and Murray. 3 4 November. Tweedale, at Peebles William and Perth. 4 S Broughtoun over Tweed Charles and York. 5 6 Erickstain Braefoot Louis and Aix. 6 7 Moffat John and Strathallan. 7 8 • ■■ James and Nairn. 18 19 Carlile Fortune and Carlile. 19 20 • •• Charles and London. 21 22 Maclesfield 22 .. 23 • -• Edward and Penrith. 23 .. 24 Kendal Charles and York. 24 .. 25 ... John and Lancaster. 25 .. 26 Preston 27 .. 28 ... Henry and Preston. 29 .. 30 « .. Manchester Henry and York. 30 I December. «•• St Andrew and Scotland. I 2 ■ • • Macklesfield James and Newcastle. 18 Itinerary of Prince Charles from Edinburgh to Culloden. DATE. PLACE. 2d to the 3d December. Macklesfield 3 • 4 Leik 4 • 5 ... Derby 5 • 6 ... 6 . 7 - Ashburnham 7 Maclesfield 8 Stockport 9 • 10 Manchester 10 Leigh II Chorley 12 • 13 Preston 13 • .. 14 Lancaster 14 . . 15 ... IS • . 16 ... Kendal 17 • . 18 Penrith 19 . 20 CarHsle 21 ... Moffat 22 • 23 ... 23 • . 24 Douglass 24 . . 25 Hamilton 25 . .. 26 Glasgow 26 . . 27 ... 27 . . 28 Glasgow 28 . .. 29 ... 29 . • 30 ... ... 30 . . 31 ... 31 • I January 1746. ... I 2 ... 2 3 ... 4 • 5 ... Bannockburn 5 ■ 6 ... 6 . 7 ... ... 7 • 8 ... 8 . 9 Stirling, St Ringans 10 II Stirling II 12 ... 12 . 13 ... 13 • . 14 - ... 14 . . IS •- ... IS • . 16 ... 16 . . 17 ... Battle of Falkirk 18 Siege of Stirling 19,20,. 21 22 23 PAROLE. Charles and London. Henry and Newcastle. James and London. John and Bristol. Richard and Manchester. St Taffy and Wales. Edward and Durham. Edward and Lancaster. Edward and Northumberland. Henry and Peterhead. James and Carlisle. Charles and France. Drummond and Forth. Ogilvy and Down. Elcho and Edinburgh. Henry and Hamilton. Charles and Edinburgh. James and Glasgow. Henry and Galloway. Edward and Edinburgh. John and Dover. Henry and York. Lewis and Paris. Andrew and Scotland. Henry and Essex. Edward and Stirling. Charles and Stirling. John and Canterbury. Drummond and Perth. Henry and York. Charles and Athol. Stewart and Gordon. Charles and James. Wallaceis Oak. Charles and Stirling. Gordon and Drummond. God Speed the Trenches. William and Glasgow. Itinerary of Prince Charles from Edinburgh to Culloden. 19 26 27 28 29 30 31 3 4 5 6 7 DATE. 24 January 1746. 25 ... 27 ... 29 30 31 I PLACE. Siege of Stirling. I 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 II 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 February. March. Dunblain Perth Coupar of Angus Cortachy Clova Cortachy Clova Spittal of Glenmuick Glcnmuick Kirk Colston in Cromarr Turlan Kirk of Reny Keith Findrassic Elsriu Fochabers CuUen Gordon Castle Fochabers PAROLE. Lewis and Inverury. Have-at-them at Edinburgh. Harry and Essex. The Castle of Stirling. Have-at-them tomorrow. Charles and Lithgow. Philip and Peterhead. Henry and York. Charles and Inverness. Fitz-James and Aberdeen. Spey and Strathbogie. Charles and Elgin. Murray and Portsoy. Perth and Inverness. Gordon and Elgin. 20 Itinerary of Prince Charles from Edinburgh to Culloden. DATI ;. gth to the loth March. lO II ... II 12 ... 12 13 ... 13 ... 14 ... 14 ... 15 ... 15 ... 16 ... 16 ... 17 ... 17 ... 18 ... 18 ... 19 ... 19 ... 20 ... 21 ... 21 22 23 24 25 ... 25 ... 2 April. 1 3 ... 3 ••• 7 ... 7 - 8 ... 10 II II 12 12 13 14 15 16 ... ♦ 17 18 19 20 ... 21 « •■ PLACE. Fochabers Gordon Castle Diple on the Spey PAROLE. Cromarty and Keith. Charles and Montrose. Kilmarnock and Strathbogie. Nairn and Cullen. Mackintosh and Inverness. Pitsligo and Banff. Strathallan and Portsoy. Ogilvy and Montrose. Mareschal and Peterhead. Pitsligo and Elgin. Keith and Elcho, Ogilvy and Montrose. Balmerino and Fochabers. Gordon and Banff. Charles and Elgin. Charles and Elgin, Forres Nairn Culloden Battle ; and retired to Currybroch Balnahespich by Aviemore, Strathspey Ruthven of Badenoch Deeside to Balmurrel Keppel to Clova Clova N.B. — Where no Parole is given, it would appear that Lord Ogilvie's Regiment was not at Head Quarters. Itinerary of Prince Charles from Culloden to Arisaig . 21 Mm^tatg of '^xim Cljatles ftom Cullotrm to %xm% The Route of Prince Charles, after being defeated by the Duke of Cumberland, at Dmmmossi Muir, near Culloden, i6th April 1746. /i-FTER the battle, the Prince retired with some few horse, and went by Tordarroch to Gortulaig. April 17th, To Invergary Castle, and thence to Glenspean. i8th, To Mewboll. 19th, Getting no intelligence, he walked to Glen-morrar, thence to Glen-bigsdale, where he waited till he was informed there were no hopes of drawing his troops together. 26th, Went on board an open boat in Lochhnanuagh, in the evening, and sailed for the Long Isle. 27th, Landed at Rosinish Port, after a violent storm. 29th, Set sail for Stornoway. 30th, Driven upon the Isle of Scalpay or Glass. May 4th, Landed at Loch ShefTort, and travelled on foot. 5 th, to Arynish Port, after wandering eighteen hours on the hills in rain. 6th, Disappointed of a ship, set sail again and put into the desert Isle of Iffurt. 1 0th, Came again to Glass, nth. Chased by Captain Ferguson, of one of the sloops of war, amongst the rocks of Roudil Port, and afterwards by another ship ; but escaped to Loch Escaby. i6th, Went to the mountain at Coradale, and staid in that neighbourhood till June 14th, He sailed to Quia. i8th. Went for Rosinish. 20th, In the cleft of a rock at Uishinish Port, thence went to Celiestiella, moving backwards and forwards, till 28th, Embarked in female attire, with Miss Flora M'Donald. 29th, Arrived at Kilbryde, after being fired at by the king's troops at Waternish, and went thence to Kinsburgh. 30th, At Portree. July 1st, At Glam. 2d, On Nicholson's Rock. 3d, In the evening left the Rock, and travelled as a servant to (14th.) Elegol, where he embarked at eight that night. 5 th, Landed at Loch Nevis, and lay three nights in the fields. 8th, Closely pursued by the king's troops up Loch Nevis. lothj Arrived in Boradale, and lay in different huts till {i 5th) Glenalladale came to him. 17th, At Corrybenicabir. 1 8th, On the tops of the mountains Scooriug and Fruighven, where the laird of Glenspean conducted him through the guards in the night : at this time he was supposed dead. 19th, The Prince on the top of the mountain Mamnyncallum. 20th, At Corrinangault, all day in sight of small camps, twenty-seven of which were formed, each at half-a-mile's distance from the head of Loch Urin, to the head of Loch Eil ; passed several camps, and at last escaped between the sentinels of one of them at the foot of the mountain next to Drymachosey. 21st, At CorriscorridiU lying all day within cannon shot of two camps, soldiers in sight often. 22d, At Glensheil. 23d, On the braes between Glenmoriston and Strathglass. 24th, In a cave, where he was joined by the six Glenmoriston men. August 1st, In the woods and shealings of Strathglass, till 7th, set out on his return for Lochiel's country 8th, At Fasnacoil. i ith. Among the braes of Glenmoriston. 13th, On the brae of Glengary. 14th, On the brae of Auchnasual. 15th Came to the wood at the foot of Locharkig. 19th, Doctor Cameron found him in the wood barefooted, &c. Here the Glenmoriston men were dismissed, and staid in this neighbourhood till the 28th ; during this time, he was one day nearly taken prisoner by Grant, son to Knokando, but escaped to the top of Mulontagart. 28th, Set out for Badenoch to meet Lochiel. 29th, Arrived at Corineuir, 30th, Came to Millanuir, where he met Lochiel, who, with his party, were about to fire on him and his guides, not knowing who they were. September 2d, Went to Uiskchilra, two miles farther into Benalder. 6th, Went to a hut in the face of the mountain Letternilichk, and remained there till he got intelligence of ships having arrived upon the West coast. On the 13th set out for the ships, and came on the morning of the 14th, to Corvoy : and before day-light on the 15th got through Glenroy. i6th, Came to Achnecarry. 17th, Came to Glencambger. 19th, Arrived where the ships were. 20th, Set sail in the ' Bellona ' of Nantes, and arrived at Roscort, near Morlaix, on the 29th September after narrowly escaping Admiral Lestock's squadron. 22 The Battle of Pi^estonpans. Wc^t iBattU of 3|r^st0tt^ans. vyN the 19th of September 1745, Sir John Cope, with his army, lay encamped in a field near Haddington, about sixteen miles from Edinburgh ; next morning he resinned his march by the post road, which was left at Huntington, for the low road passing through St Germains and the village of Seton. On reaching the open ground between Seton and Preston, he heard that the Highland Army was on its way to meet him. Sir John had expected that as the Prince and his army had encamped near Edinburgh, the attack would be made from the west, and had drawn up his army in a line from north to south, facing west ; but when the High- land army appeared on his left, he changed his position, and formed a new line extending from east to west. In the meantime, the Prince drawing his sword, exclaiming as he did so, ' See, gentlemen, I have thrown away the scabbard,' placed himself at the head of his army at Duddingstone, at the base of Arthur's Seat, near which they had encamped, and crossing the river Esk at Musselburgh, proceeded along the post road till they came to Edge Bucklin Brae, there they left the post road, and passing Wallyford on the west side, advanced a good way up Falaside Hill, then turning to the left, bent their course towards Tranent, continuing their march till the two armies were within sight of each other, when the soldiers on both sides shouted vehemently. Near Tranent, the Prince's army halted, and the line of battle was formed facing to the left, within half-a- mile of the King's army. Sir John Cope's position was a very strong one naturally, and had been selected with great care; on his left hand he had two enclosures, surrrounded by walls six or seven feet high, between which passed the road to Preston. Before him was another enclosure, surrounded by a deep ditch from ten to twelve feet wide, full of water ; his left terminated in a morass, and behind was the sea. The Highland army finding it impossible to attack the King's army that night, encamped to the east of the village of Tranent, separated from their foes, by what was understood to be, an impassable morass. The eastward movement of the Prince's army, again compelled Sir John Cope to change his position, and he re-formed his army nearly on the same ground it had occupied first, extending from north to south, facing east. It seemed impossible for the Highland army to attack General Cope, so completely was he entrenched ; but at nightfall, Robert Anderson, younger of Whitburgh, a gentleman of property, came to Mr Hepburn of Keith, and informed him that he knew the ground perfectly, and would take on hand to lead the army in safety through the morass without its being seen by the enemy. Hepburn recommended that Anderson should go direct to Lord George Murray with the information he had just communicated. Lord George was by this time'asleep ; but, on being roused, he saw the importance of the information, and at once went to inform the Prince, who was asleep, surrounded by many of his chiefs, in a field of peas, which had been cut, but not led. The Highlanders, wrapped in their plaids, were roused from their slumbers with as little noise as possible ; and during the night the whole army passed the morass, near Ringanhead Farm, and formed on the other side, in two lines extending from north to south, facing the Royal army. The night was extremely dark ; and when the morning at length dawned, the Highland army was still concealed by a frosty mist. A piquet of dragoons, posted along the side of the morass, was the first to perceive the advance of the Highlanders ; they fired their pistols and retreated to the English army, giving the alarm as they went. General Cope was completely taken by surprise ; and in the grey light of the early morning mistook the first line of the Highland army, which was within two hundred paces of him, for bushes. This line was led by Lord George Murray, the Duke of Perth being on the right, and consisted of the best armed men, in number about twelve hundred. The second line was commanded by Lord Nairne ; it consisted of about six hundred men, badly armed, many having nothing but sticks, whilst others had made formidable weapons with scythes fastened to the end of poles. The Prince was also with the second line. Lord George did not give the English time to recover from their surprise, but immediately made a rush with the first line of the Highlanders ; they, as was their custom, when near the enemy, fired their guns, threw them on the ground, drew their broadswords, and covering their bodies with their shields, in the midst of the smoke rushed upon the foe. The Camerons were the first to meet the enemy ; and being in front of the royal, artillery, they attacked it with such fury that the men deserted their guns and fled. The officer in command The Battle of Prestonpans. 23 Colonel Whiteford, when deserted by his men, fired five out of the six guns with his own hand, killing one man, and wounding an officer in Lochiel's regiment. The line was then charged by cavalry, of which the Highlanders had an instinctive fear, as it was an arm they were not accustomed to in their native hills, but they had been directed to strike at the noses of the horses in preference to their riders ; the result being, that the wounded animals turned in terror on those behind them, and spread confusion and dismay in their own ranks, this soon extended to the infantry, who broke and scattered in the wildest disorder. So rapid was the advance of the first line, that although the second was not fifty paces behind it, and ad- vanced at a run, yet the enemy was scattered before it reached the front, the whole affair was over in five minutes. The English army fled from the field, throwing dway their arms and everything that could encumber their flight, they blocked up the road that led to Preston, and many were killed there in attempting to climb the high walls that surrounded the enclosures at the entrance to the village. The M'Gregors, armed with scythes, made sad havoc with the enemy, cutting horsemen nearly in two, and lopping off the legs of horses. The gallant Colonel Gardiner, when deserted by his dragoons, refused to quit the field, and placing himself at the head of a small body of infantry, tried in vain to stem the retreating masses. He had been wounded more than once during the brief engagement, and was at length cut down by the Highlanders, within sight of his own house at Bankton, where a monument has since been erected to his memory ; a large thorn tree in the middle of the field for long marked the spot where he fell. The English General made his escape from the field, having mounted the 'White Cockade' in his hat, which enabled him to pass through the midst of the Highlanders on his way to England, where he was the first to carry the news of his own defeat. The Prince spent a considerable part of the day on the field of battle, seeing to the protection of the prisoners, and giving directions as to the wounded. He passed the night at Pinkie House, about three miles from the scene of his victory. The result of the battle was, that nearly all the standards of the enemy were captured ; six pieces of artillery, two howitzers, all the tents, baggage, and the military chest, containing about ;£'250o, besides an immense quantity of arms, of which the Highland army was greatly in want. Of the Royal army only one hundred and seventy of the infantry escaped, about four hundred fell in the battle or in pursuit, and the remainder were taken prisoners. The loss of the Highland army was three officers and about forty privates killed, and some seventy wounded. Strength of the two armies, as given in evidence on Sir fohn Copes Trial. UNDER SIR JOHN COPE. Hamilton's Dragoons, Col. Whitneys, „ Col. Gardiners, Artillery 6 \\ Pounders, < 4 Cohorns, \ 2 Royals, Artillery Guard lOO, Out Guard 300, Lee's five Companies, Guises two „ Lascelles' Regiment, Murray's Regiment, 600 ^ 1400 2000 UNDER PRINCE CHARLES. Lord Strathallan's Dragoons, . Clanranald 250 Glengary 350 . Keppoch and Glencoe 450 Appin 250 Lochiel 500 .... Perth and M'Gregor 200 . Lord G. Murray's Athol Men 350 Lord Nairn's Regiment 350 Menzies of Shian 300 36 tj' 2000 to X^. 1000 3036 2400 1800 John Home gives the Highland army, as nearly The Chevalier de Johnstone, as jf^fg_ Por the account of the battles of Prestonpans, Falkirk, and CuUoden, the Editor is indebted chiefly to the histories of John Home,*" and the Chevalier de Johnstone,t both of whom were present at the battles, and on opposite sides. * Lieutenant of the Edinburgh Company of Volunteers. t Aide-de-camp to Lord George Murray. 24 The Battle of Falkirh. W^t BattU of falMtk, 17t!) lanuatg 1^^^- VjrENERAL HAWLEY, who succeeded General Cope, arrived in Edinburgh on the 6th of January, to take command of the Royal army, which commenced its march to the west on the 1 3th, intending to attack the Prince's army at Stirling. The Royal army consisted of twelve regiments of foot, the Glasgow regiment of foot, the Edinburgh Volunteers, and one thousand Argyllshire Highlanders, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell, (afterwards Duke of Argyll.) The cavalry consisted of Gardner's, Hamilton's, and Cobham's dragoons. Seven pieces of cannon completed the army, numbering in all about 8000 men, which consisted of the best troops in the English army; the men, who had fought the battles of Dettingen and Fontenoy. General Hawley seemed rather pleased than otherwise at the defeat of Sir John Cope at Preston, boasting that he (Cope) did not understand such enemies, and that the Highland rabble would never stand a charge of regular troops, if properly led ; he seems to have been as arrogant as he was brutal, and made certain of an easy victory whenever he had the good fortune to meet the Prince and his undisciplined army. Arrived at Falkirk on the i6th his army encamped in a field to the west of the town; and, at the invi- tation of the Countess of Kilmarnock, whose husband was serving under the Prince, General Hawley visited Callander House, situated about half a mile to the south east of Falkirk. There the accomplished Countess seems to have used all her blandishments to make the General neglect his duty ; and in this she was so successful, that to her no small share of the victory of Falkirk is due. Meanwhile, on the i6th January, Prince Charles had encamped on Plean Muir, two miles from Stirling, expecting to be attacked by the Royal army ; but having ordered a review of all his troops at dawn on the 17th, it was no sooner over than the troops were formed in column, and marched from the field, their destination being kept a profound secret. A small body of horse, under Lord John Drummond, was sent to make a feint along the high road towards Falkirk through Tor Wood (which then extended on both sides of the high road, though it is now confined to the south side of it), while the rest of the Prince's Army went round the south of Tor Wood, and forded the Carron near Dunipace House. They then marched for the rising ground to the south-west of Falkirk, where Lord John Drummond ultimately took up his position on the left of the second line. The first line consisted of the three Macdonald regiments, Keppoch, Clanranald, and Glengarry ; on their left were the Farquharsons, Mackenzies, Mackintoshes, Macphersons, Erasers^ Camerons of Lochiel, and on the extreme left the Stuarts of Appin. The second line was composed, on the right, of the three Athol regiments, two of Ogilvie's, two of Gordon's, the Maclauchlan's and the Drummond's, on the left. The reserve, where Prince Charles took up his position, was composed of the Irish piquets, and a small body of horse under Lord Elcho. Lord George Murray commanded the first line, and Lord John Drummond was understood to command the second. The Highland army consisted of 8000 men, and was protected on the right by a morass. About one o'clock, two officers of the Royal army, discovered by means of a telescope, the advanced guard of the Highland army as it emerged from behind Torwood. Lieutenant-Colonel Howard, the second in command, was immediately informed of this, and went off at once to Callander House to inform General Hawley. The General treated the information very lightly, and said ' that the men might put on their accoutrements, but there was no necessity for their being under arms.' The Highland army, marching in two columns, crossed the rising ground to the south of Falkirk, and ascending it from the south, looked right down on the King's army. The Macdonalds were at the head of the first column, gained the top of the hill, when they halted to give time to the remainder of the column to form to their left, and also to allow the second line to form behind them. The first line, under General Huske, consisted, on the right, of a battalion of the Royals, the regiments of Ligonier, Price, Putney, Cholmondely, and on the left of that of Wolfe. The second line ; on the right, Burrell's, Battereau, Fleming, Munro, and on the left Blakney's. The Battle of Falkirk. ' 25 The dragoons comprised three regiments, Cobham's, Ligonier's, and Hamilton's, and were commanded by Ligonier. Howard's regiment, drawn up behind the right of the second line, formed the reserve, and on their left, tlie Edinburgh volunteers and the Glasgow militia were stationed, and the Argyleshire Highlanders were left to guard the camp. The accounts vary as to the strength of the Royal Army, some authorities giving it as 8000 men, others at 15,000, but in all probability the two armies were pretty equal as to numbers. In the absence of General Hawley, the commanding officers formed their regiments in front of their encampment ; and another messenger was despatched to Callander House, from which the General was at last seen galloping in breathless haste without his hat. The army was at once formed in two lines with a body of reserve. The first line consisted of a battalion of the Royals, of the regiments of Wolfe, Cholmondely, Putney, Price, and Ligonier. The second line was com- posed of Burrel's regiment, Blakney's, Munro's, Battereau's and Fleming's. Howard's regiment formed the reserve. The dragoons were advanced in extended squadrons in front of the infantry, towards its left. General Hawley at once ordered his cavalry forward to secure the crest of the hill, before the Highlanders could reach it, the infantry to follow as rapidly as possible. Just as this advance was ordered the day became overcast, and a storm of wind and rain beat directly in the face of the soldiers, who were marching up hill with fixed bayonets. The race for the top was gained by the Highlanders, who were formed and ready to receive the dragoons on their arrival, with the great advantage of having the storm of wind and rain from behind, in place of in their faces ; the darkness becoming so great, that it was impossible to see to any distance.' A deep ravine, extending from the top of the hill, ran due north into the plain, getting deeper and wider in its progress. This ravine separated the left of the Highland army from the right of the Royal. The dragoons were formed so much to the left and so far in advance, that Lord George Murray, who com- manded the Highland army, believed that they were not supported by infantry, and immediately ordered an attack to be made on them, at the very time that General Hawley had ordered Colonel Ligonier, who commanded the cavalry, to advance against the Highlanders ; and such was his contempt for them, that this order was given before his infantry had time to form on the crest of the hill. Lord George, with his sword drawn and his target on his arm, advanced at the head of the Macdonalds of Keppoch till within a few paces of the dragoons, when he gave the orders to fire; this discharge emptied twenty-four saddles, but still the dragoons rushed forward, breaking their line and trampling many of their opponents under their feet. The Highlanders, as usual, threw away their guns, and fought with their swords, and for a time the conflict consisted of a series of single combats ; the Highlanders, who had been thrown down in the mel6e, plunged their dirks into the bellies of the horses, whilst others seized their riders by their clothes, pulled them to the ground, despatching them with their pistols or dirks, as there was no room to use their swords. But this fierce struggle did not last long, the dragoons were vanquished, and retreated in great disorder upon their own infantry ; spreading terror through their ranks, which broke and fled down the hill, pursued by the Highlanders, and in the midst of the retreating mass. General Hawley rode with it towards Falkirk. All the English army, however, did not retreat, Burrel's regiment stood fast, and was soon joined by parts of two regiments of the first line (Price's and Ligonier's) ; this body of resolute men, moved to their left, till they came directly opposite to the Camerons and Stuarts, and began to fire upon them across the ravine. The Highlanders kept their groujid and returned the fire ; but in this mode of warfare they had no chance with the disciplined Royal troops, and after a number had fallen, the Highlanders began to fall back, still keeping the high ground on the side of the ravine. This success of the Royal troops put a stop to the pursuit, for the Highlanders hearing so much firing behind them, returned to their former position, expecting to find their second line, but it also had joined in the pursuit, and became a mass of confusion, many thinking that the King's troops had gained a victory, began to retreat, and went off towards the west, whilst the great mass of the English army was retreat- ing towards the east. Farquharson of Monaltry, who had command of the Prince's artillery, had not been able to keep up with the 26 The Battle of Culloden. rapid march of the army, was still a mile distant, when he heard the firing, and was shortly afterwards met by some two or three hundred of the Highlanders, retreating from the field. He compelled them to return with him, leaving his artillery behind. Before he arrived, however, Prince Charles and the reserve had advanced to support the Highlanders, and Burrel's regiment, Cobham's dragoons, and the others who had stood with them, were in full retreat towards the camp. General Hawley, before leaving Falkirk with the remains of his army ordered his camp to be set on fire, and then retreated towards Linlithgow, leaving an immense quantity of baggage, provisions, and ammunition, besides seven pieces of cannon, which stuck fast half-way up the hill, and were never brought into action. The battle lasted a very brief time, indeed it was all over in twenty minutes, but by this time darkness had come on, which was greatly increased by the storm which still raged. The confusion was dreadful, no one seemed to know for some time the result of the battle, or where to find either their regiments or officers. Lord Kilmarnock was the first to discover the retreat of the Royal army ; but the darkness and dis- order were so great, that it was impossible to take advantage of the victory, or collect a sufficient number of troops to complete it, so, the English army, although harassed by as many Highlanders as could be gathered together, made good its retreat to Linlithgow, where it remained all night, after setting fire, either by accident or design, to its beautiful palace, the retreat was continued next day to Edinburgh, where the remains of the royal army arrived about four o'clock in the afternoon. Prince Charles, with his army, remained at Falkirk all night, and returned next day to his former quarters at Bannockburn. Home gives the loss of the ROyal army at 300 or 400 men ; of officers the loss was very severe — Colonel (Sir Robert) Monro, three Lieutenant-Colonels, Biggar of Monro's regiment, Powell of Cholmondely's, and Whitney of Gardner's ; five Captains of Wolfe's, and one Lieutenant ; four Captains of Blakney's, and two Lieutenants, beside many wounded. Johnstone gives the loss of the Royal army at 600 men killed and seven hundred prisoners. Whilst the loss of the Highlanders is stated at 32 officers and men killed, and 120 wounded. P A. RINCE CHARLES, after the victory of Falkirk, at once returned to prosecute the siege of Stirling Castle. On the 30th of January, when fire was at length opened on the Castle, from the battery of three guns, they were almost immediately silenced by the more powerful artillery on the ramparts, and the siege, which had cost the Prince's army so much valuable time, was abandoned. A paper was now presented to the Prince, signed by Lord George Murray and most of the leading chieftains, urging an immediate retreat to the North ; the reason given for this .movement being the great desertion that had taken place in their ranks, not from dis- affection, but because the Highlanders, as soon as they acquired property of any kind, made it a rule, if at all possible, to return home to deposit their spoil before commencing any new campaign. Thus, there can be little doubt, but that the victory of Falkirk tended in no small degree to the defeat of Culloden. The same day news arrived, that the Duke of Cumberland had reached Edinburgh ; and the march to the North, to the grief of the Prince, was commenced next day. The Highland army passed by Dumblane to Crieff, where a separation of the forces took place : one division led by Prince Charies, consisting chiefly of the clansmen, marched by the High- land road to Inverness ; whilst the other, commanded by Lord George Murray, took the coast road by Montrose and Aberdeen. On the i6th of February, the Prince slept at Moy Castle, about nine miles from Inverness, which, after being joined by the other division of his army, he intended to attack; but Lord Loudon, who com- manded the Royal troops there, not having a sufficient force at his command to resist the Highland army, crossed ^^ The Battle of Culloden. 27 the Moray Firth, with all his men, into Ross-shire. Two days afterwards, the citadel of Inverness surrendered, and the division under Lord George Murray entered the town on the same day. The Duke of Cumberland, who had succeeded General Hawley as commander of the Royal army, arrived in Edinburgh on the 30th of January; commencing his march to the west next morning, he followed the Highland army from Stirling by Perth, through Angus and Aberdeenshire to Aberdeen, where he arrived on the 2Sth of February, and where he remained till the 8th of April, when he resumed his march to Inverness. On the loth he reached Banff, on the nth CuUen, and on the 12th he arrived at the banks of the Spey, which was forded by the Royal army without opposition. On the 13th the Duke marched through Elgin to the Muir of Alves, and on the following day entered Nairn. The Prince having heard of the arrival of the Royal army at Nairn, collected as many of his scattered forces as were within call, and left Inverness on the 13th of April, marching to Culloden Moor, about four miles north-east of that town, which he had selected for his battle-field. He took up his quarters, with his chief officers, at Culloden House, whilst his army passed the night, which was bitterly cold, under arms on the heath, their only food being some biscuits and water. In the morning, the Highland army was drawn up in order of battle, it being expected that Cumberland would make an attack that day; but as the 15th was the birth-day of the Duke, it was held as a holiday, and given up to feasting and mirth. The Prince called a Council of War to consider what was best to be done in the present position of their affairs, at which Lord George Murray proposed a night attack on the Royal army at Nairn. As the project entirely met with the views of the Prince, it was after some discussion agreed to. In the evening the High- landers were aroused from their slumbers, and formed into two columns ; the first being led by Lord George Murray, and the second by the Prince in person. In silence and darkness the Highlanders commenced their march to Nairn, twelve miles distant, across fields, with scarcely any roads, and such as were could not be seen. The best disciplined troops could not have preserved order in such a march, and with such difficulties to contend with, and as might have been anticipated, some from hunger began to scatter in search of food, and others lagged behind from sheer exhaustion ; worst of all, the leading column had outstripped the second, and it became necessary to call a halt to enable it to join, so that a simultaneous attack might be made. A message was despatched to the rear, to intimate to the Prince the necessity for this halt ; but the Prince insisted on Lord George advancing at once on the enemy's camp, and intimated that he would follow to support him as rapidly as possible. It had been arranged that the attack would be made at two o'clock in the morning, but when that hour arrived, the leading column was still four miles from Nairn. The beat of a drum was heard in the Royal camp, and it was now evident that the night surprise was hopeless. (Home states that the Duke's spies had informed him of every stage of the night attack.) Under these circumstances. Lord George Murray ordered a retreat, at which the Prince, when made aware of it, was very indignant ; but consoled himself with the hope that the two armies would soon meet. Famishing with hunger, and worn out with their night's march, the exhausted Highlanders arrived about five o'clock in the morning on their camping ground on Culloden Moor. Many of the men went off at once in search of food and rest, several had got the length of Inverness, when all that were within hearing were recalled by the discharge of a cannon, and the pipes playing the ' Gathering ' of the various clans, but many were beyond recall, and did not return in time to take part in the battle. The Prince repaired to Culloden House, when, with difficulty, some bread and whisky were procured for him.- Worn out with his long march, he laid himself down to rest, which, however, was of short duration ; for in little more than two hours he was awoke to be informed that the enemy's cavalry was not more than two miles distant, and was followed, by the whole army. The Prince immediately mounted his horse, and, accompanied by Lord George Murray, the Duke of Perth, and Lord John Drummond, rode to the site selected for the battle- field, which was about a mile to the west of the ground occupied by the army on the previous day. The ground was uneven and marshy, the water in many places reaching to the knees of the Highlanders ; but for this very reason it formed the better protection from the enemy's cavalry. The right of the position was protected by a 28 The Battle of Culloden. strong stone wall, which surrounded an enclosure extending nearly to the water of Nairn, and the left extended in the direction of Culloden House. The Highland army was drawn up in the following order: — the right wing, commanded by Lord George Murray, consisted of the following clans — Atholl, Lochiel, Appin, Cluny. The centre, under Lord John Drummond — Lovat, M'Intosh, Farquharson, M'Leod. The left, under the Duke of Perth — Maclean, Clanranald, Keppoch, and Glengarry. On the right, immediately behind the first line, under General Stapleton, were posted the French and Irish piquets, and Fitz-James' Horse. Behind the centre of the first line, the Prince, with a small body of Horse Guards, took up his position ; behind the first line on the left were Lord John Drummond's regiment, the Perthshire squadron of horse, and a few hussars. The second line consisted of Colonel Roy Stuart's regiment. Lord Lewis Gordon's, and Glenbucket's men, and Kilmarnock's Guards. Behind the second line was the corps de reserve, consisting of the Duke of Perth and Lord Ogilvy's men. Four guns were placed on the extremity of each wing, and four in the centre. The Duke of Cumberland seems to have marched from Nairn, keeping as much as possible in the order of battle, and when within cannon- shot of the Highland army, were drawn up in the following order : — The right wing, under Major-General Bland, consisted of Kingston's horse and the Royal regiment. The centre, under the Earl of Albemarle, Cholmon- dely's and Price's regiments, the Scotch fusileers, and Munro's regiments. The left, under Lord Ancrum, Burrel's regiment and Kerr's and Cobham's dragoons. The second line, under Major-General Husk, Fleming's, Bligh's, Sempil's, Legonier's, and Wolfe's regiments. The third line, under Brigadier Mordaunt, on the right and left Kingston's horse (which were afterwards moved to front right wing) Howard's, Pultney's, Butteran's, and Blackney's regiments. Two guns were placed between each regiment in the first line, and three on each wing of the second. The Duke is represented as being \n front of Cholmondely's regiment. The Highlanders, although in a very exhausted condition, were far from being dismayed by the formidable appearance of the Royal army, and were all impatience to be attack ;led to the the battle, however, was com- menced by the artillery on both sides, which kept up a continuous fire for nearly an hour ; that of the Prince's army was badly served, and did little execution, the shot passing generally over the heads of the enemy. On the other hand, the Royal artillery was well served, and told severely on the ranks of the Highlanders, who, having suffered severely, at last lost patience, and the M'Intoshes, who had never before been engaged, broke their ranks, and rushed forward. Lord George Murray, on the right, seeing that his men could be restrained no longer, ordered them to advance, which they did with a shout. In spite of the shower of grape-shot which met their advance, the clansmen pressed on and broke through Monro's and Burrel's regiments, capturing two cannon. Not content with this, the advance was continued till it was checked by the second line, which was drawn up as if to repel cavalry — the first rank kneeling, the second stooping over the first, and the third standing upright. Such a destructive fire was poured into the advancing clansmen that they halted, and the few that were able retreated in confusion ; but so determined had been the attack, and so vigorously had it been repulsed, that the Highlanders were found, when the strife was over, heaped on each other, three and four deep. The M'Intoshes, and some of the clans of the centre, although suffering from a galling fire, succeeded also in piercing the enemy's line, but were repulsed by the steady fire of the reserve, and were also compelled to retreat. The left wing, consisting of the three Macdonald regiments, took no part in the fight. They had been accus- tomed to have the right of the field of battle ever since Bannockburn, and felt insulted at being placed on the left for the first time. In vain did the Duke of Perth entreat them to advance ; he told them that by their courage they might convert the left into the point of honour, and if they would but charge, he would be proud to adopt the surname of Macdonald. In vain did Keppoch, their gallant captain, exclaim, ' My God ! have the children of my tribe forsaken me.?' he rushed forward, waving them on with his sword, but he was followed by only a few of his immediate kinsmen, and had advanced but a short way when he fell mortally wounded. But still the Macdonalds kept their ground, and they are represented as hewing in their rage with their swords the heather at their feet, aid falling in their ranks from the enemy's fire, which they did not return. It is thought, that had the whole line charged at once, it would have gone hard with the Royal army, which, as it was, was The Battle of CuUoden. 29 severely shaken. In the meantime, it had completed its victory by the Campbells breaking down the walls of the enclosure which protected the right of the Prince's army, through which Kerr's and Cobham's dragoons, led by Hawley, poured, attacking the broken line in flank. The retreat now became general ; but the Highlanders, especially those of the second line, kept well together, and left the field with pipes playing and colours flying. The Irish and French piquets did good service, by protecting, by a well-directed fire, the retreat of the clansmen. Prince Charles was not so completely overpowered by this destruction of all his hopes as to make him loose his usual courage; on the contrary, he urged those around him to make one more effort to retrieve the fortune of the day, and insisted on leading personally his shattered army once more against the enemy. His friends saw that this could only lead to the total destruction of his faithful followers, and at length O'Sullivan siezed the bridle of his horse, and forced him from the field. When we consider the condition and number of the combatants, the wonder is, not that Prince Charles lost the battle, but that the Highland army was able to offer the resistance that it did. The Duke's army had marched northward by the coast road, attended by a fleet of transports carrying provisions, and all the material required by a well-appointed army. The Royal troops were well fed, clothed, and paid, and had every comfort that an army on the march can have ; whilst, on the other hand, the High- landers had had no pay for months, they had no tents or protection of any kind from the piercing cold and rain, they had no commissariat, and many of them were literally starving for want of food ; add to this, that the men had just returned from a midnight march of sixteen miles, and that the Royal army on the field numbered more than two to one, and it will be seen how little Cumberland had to boast of his victory. Of the barbarities committed after the battle, this is not the place to speak, but one cannot help contrasting the behaviour of the ' Cousins ' in the hour of victory. Cumberland superintending, with evident satisfaction, the murder in cold blood of the unfortunate prisoners and wounded that had fallen into his hands (many of them gentlemen of high standing and of undoubted courage), nay, even ' insulting the slain.' On the other hand. Prince Charles remaining on the fields he and his gallant followers had won, to protect the prisoners and wounded, and to soothe, as much as possible, the distress of the vanquished. The Prince never forgot that his enemies were still his countrymen ; the Duke forgot that they were human beings. As might be expected, the accounts vary as to the number of the respective armies; but Patullo, muster- master of the Prince's army, gives the number on the roll as 8000 men, but adds that 3000 were absent ; then the three regiments of Macdonalds, who took no part in the fight, numbered 1 150, reducing the number to 3850. On the other hand, the Duke's army consisted of upwards of 9000 of the best disciplined and appointed troops in the British Army. In the battle, the total number killed seems to have amounted to 1200, and the loss appears to have been about equally divided. 30 Act of Parliament for Disarming the Highlands, Anno Decimo Nono Georgii II. Regis. An Act for the more effectual disarming the Highlands in Scotland; and for more effectually securing the Peace of the said Highlands ; and for restraining the Use of the Highland Dress ; and for fii-rther indemnifying such Persons as have acted in defence of his Majesty's Person and Government, during the imnatural Rebellion ; and for indemnifying the Judges and other Officers of the Court of Justiciary in Scotland, for not performing the Northern Circuit in May, One thotcsand seven hundred and forty six ; and for obliging the Masters and Teachers of Private Schools in Scotland, and Chaplains, Tutors and Governors of Children or Youth, to take the Oatlis to His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors, and to register the same. Preamble reciting the Acts, I Geo. I, w, HEREAS by an Act made in the First Year of the Reign of His late Majesty King George the First, of Glorious Memory, intituled. An Act for the more effectual securing the Peace of the Highlands in Scotland, it was enacted, That from and after the First Day of November, which was in the Year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and sixteen, it should not be lawful for any Person or Persons (except such Persons as are therein mentioned and described) within the Shire of Dunbartain, on the North Side of the Water of Leven, Stirling on the North Side of the River of Forth, Perth, Kincafdin, Aberdeen, Inverness, Nairn, Cromarty, Argyle, Forfar, Bamff, Sutherland, Caithness, Elgine, and Ross, to have in his or their Custody, Use, or Bear, Broad Sword or Target, Poignard, Whinger, or Durk, Side Pistol, Gun, or other warlike Weapon, otherwise than in the said Act was directed, under certain Penalties appointed by the said Act ; which Act having by Experience been found not sufficient to attain the Ends therein proposed, was further enforced by lo&iiG^^. I. an Act made in the Eleventh Year of the Reign of His late Majesty, intituled. An Act for more effectual disarming the Highlands in that Part of Great Britain called Scotland ; and for the better securing the Peace and Quiet of that Part of the Kingdom : And whereas the said Act of the Eleventh Year of His late Majesty being, so far as it related to the disarming the Highlands, to continue in Force only during the Term of Seven Years, and from thence to the End of the next Session of Parliament, is now expired : And whereas many Persons within the said Bounds and Shires still continue possessed of great Quantities of Arms, and there, with a great Number of such Persons, have lately raised and carried on a most audacious and wicked Rebellion against His Majesty, in favour of a Popish Pretender, and in Prosecution thereof did, in a traiterous and hostile Manner, march into the Southern Parts of this Kingdom, took Possession of several Towns, raised Contributions upon the Country, and committed many other Disorders, to the Terror and great Loss of His Majesty's faithful Subjects, until, by the Blessing of God on His Majesty's Arms, they were subdued : Now, for preventing Rebellion, and traiterous Attempts in Time to come, and the other Mischiefs arising from the Possession or Use of Arms, by lawless, wicked, and disaffected Persons inhabiting within the said several Shires and Bounds ; be it enacted by the King's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the Authority of the same, That from and after the First Day of August, One thousand seven hundred and forty six, it shall be lawful for the t^n'^tstXr. respective Lords Lieutenants of the several Shires above recited, and for such other Person or and for Bestraining the Use of the Highland Dress. 31 Persons as His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors shall, by His or Their Sign Manual, from time to time, think fit, to authorise and appoint in that Behalf, to issue, or cause to be issued out^ Letters to issue Sum- of Summons in His Majesty's Name, and under his or their respective Hands and Seals, directed ™eringv^DoV' to such Persons within the said several Shires and Bounds, as he or they, from time to time, shall ■^™^' think fit, thereby commanding and requiring all and every Person and Persons therein named, or inhabiting within the particular Limits therein described, to bring in and deliver up, at a certain Day, in such Summons to be prefixed, and at a certain Place therein to be mentioned, all and singular his and their Arms and warlike Weapons, unto such Lord Lieutenant, or other Person or Persons appointed by His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors, in that Behalf, as aforesaid, for the Use.of His Majesty, His Heirs, or successors, and to be disposed of in such Manner as His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors shall appoint ; and if any Person or Persons, in such Summons mentioned by Name, or inhabiting within the Limits therein described, shall, by the Oaths of One or more credible Witness or Witnesses, be convicted of having or bearing any Arms, or warlike Weapons, after the Day prefixed in such Summons, before any One or more of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the Shire or Stewartry where such Offender or Offenders shall reside, or be apprehended, or before the Judge Ordinary, or such other Person or Persons as His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors shall appoint, in Manner herein after directed, every such Person or Persons so convicted shall forfeit the Sum of Fifteen Pounds Sterling, and shall be committed to The Penalty. Prison until payment of the said Sum ; and if any Person or Persons, convicted as aforesaid, shall refuse or neglect to make Payment of the foresaid Sum of Fifteen Pounds SterHng, within the On Non-pay- Space of One Calendar Month from the Date of such Conviction, it shall and may be lawful to any penal°y,\he One or more of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace, or to the Judge Ordinary of the Place where Pe^^sons, if fit, 3.rc to serve 3,5 such Offender or Oft"enders is or are imprisoned, in case he or they shall judge such Offender or Soldiers in Offenders fit to serve His Majesty as a Soldier or Soldiers, to cause him or them to be delivered over (as they are hereby impowered and required to do) to such Officer or Officers belonging to the Forces of His Majesty, His'Heirs, or Successors, who shall be appointed from time to time to receive such Men, to serve as Soldiers in any of his Majesty's Forces in America; for which Purpose the respective Officers, who shall receive such Men, shall then cause the Articles of War Articles of against Mutiny and Desertion to be read to him or them in the Presence of such Justices of the ^jfj'°thtm- Peace or Tudee Ordinary, who shall so deliver over such Men, who shall cause an Entry or and entry ' ,-,TvT ^-iT. 11--I •, thereof to be Memorial thereof to be made, together with the Names of the Persons so delivered over, with made, &-<:. a Certificate thereof in Writing, under his or their Hands, to be delivered to the Officers appointed to receive such Men ; and from and after reading of the said Articles of War, every Person so delivered over to such Officer, to serve as a Soldier as aforesaid, shall be deemed a listed Soldier to all Intents and Purposes, and shall be subject to the Discipline of War; and in case of Desertion, shall be punished as a Deserter ; and in case such Offender or Offenders shall not be judged fit to If unfit, to be serve his Majesty as aforesaid, then he or they shall be imprisoned for the space of Six Calendar sTMonths,*"^ Months, and also until he or they shall give sufficient Security for his or their good Behaviour for ^""^ ^'^^ ^^'^• the Space of Two Years from the giving thereof. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That all Persons summoned to deliver up thejr Arms as aforesaid, who shall, from and after the Time in such Summons prefixed, hide concealing, or conceal any Arms, or other warlike Weapons, in any Dwelling-house, Barn, Out-house, Office, ^'- of Arms, or any other House, or in the Fields, or any other Place whatsoever ; and all Persons who shall be accessary or privy to the hiding or concealing of such Arms, and shall be thereof convicted by the Oaths of One or more credible Witness or Witnesses, before any One or more of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace, Judge Ordinary, or other Person or Persons authorized by His Majesty ih Manner above mentioned shall be liable to be fined by the said Justices of the Peace, Judge 32 Act of Parliament for Disarming the Higlilands, the Penalty. On Non-pay- ment the Per- sons, if fit, to be delivered over to serve as Soldiers in America; if not fit, to be imprisoned for Six Months, and find Bail. Penalty on Women, if convicted. Arms hidden in any House, &=c., the Tenant to be deemed and and suffer as the^Concealer, &'c. Ordinary, or other Person authorised by His Majesty, before whom he or they shall be convicted according to their Discretion, in any Sum not exceeding One hundred Pounds Sterling, nor under the Sum of fifteen Pounds Sterling, of lawful Money of Great Britain, and shall be committed to Prison until Payment ; and if the Person so convicted, being a Man, shall refuse or neglect to pay the Fine so imposed, within the Space of One Calendar Month from the Date of the said Conviction, he shall, in case he be judged by any One or more Justice or Justices of the Peace, or the Judge Ordinary of the Place were such Offender is imprisoned, fit to serve His Majesty as a Soldier, be delivered over to serve as a Soldier in His Majesty's Forces in America, in the Manner before directed, with respect to Persons convicted of having or bearing of Arms ; and in case such Offender shall not be judged fit to serve His Majesty as aforesaid, then he shall be imprisoned for the Space of Six Calendar Months, and also until he shall give sufficient Security for his good Behaviour, for the Space of Two Years from the giving thereof ; and if the Person convicted shall be a Woman, she shall, over and above the foresaid Fine, and Imprisonment till payment, suffer Imprisonment for the Space of Six Calendar Months, within the Tolbooth of the Head Burgh of the Shire or Stewartry within which she is convicted. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That if, after the Day appointed by any Summons for the delivering up of Arms in pursuance of this Act, any Arms or warlike Weapons, shall be found hidden or concealed in any Dwelling-house, Barn, Out-house, Office, or any other House whatsoever, being the Residence or Habitation of or belonging to any of the Persons summoned to deliver up Arms as aforesaid, the Tenant or Possessor of such Dwelling- house, or of the Dwelling-house to which such Barn, Office, or Out-house belongs, being thereof convicted in Manner above mentioned, shall be deemed and taken to be the Haver and Concealer of such Arms, and being thereof convicted in Manner above mentioned, shall suffer the Penalties hereby above enacted against Concealers of Arms, unless such Tenant or Possessor, in whose House, Barn, Out-house, Office, or other House by them possessed, such Arms shall be found concealed, do give Evidence, by his or her making Oath, or otherwise to the Satisfaction of the said Justices of the Peace, Judge Ordinary, or other Person authorized by His Majesty, before whom he or she shall be tried, that such Arms were so concealed and hid without his or her Knowledge, Privity, or Connivance. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That if any Person who shall have been convicted of any of the above Offences, of bearing, hiding, or concealing Arms, contrary to the Provisions in this Act, shall thereafter presume to commit the like Offence a second Time, that he or she being thereof convicted before any Court of Justiciary, or at the Circuit Courts, shall be liable to be transported to any of His Majesty's Plantations beyond the Seas, there to remain for the Space pf Seven Years. And for the more effectual Execution of this present Act, be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That it shall be lawful to His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors, by His or Their Sign Manual, from time to time, to authorize and appoint such Persons as he or they shall think proper, to execute all the Powers and Authorities by this Act given to One or more Justice or Justices of the Peace, or to the Judge Ordinary, within their respective Jurisdictions, as to the apprehending, trying, and convicting such Person or Persons who shall be summoned to deliver up their Arms, in pursuance of this Act. And to the end that every Person or Persons named or concerned in such Summons, may have due Notice thereof, and to prevent all Questions concerning the Legality of such Notice, it Is hereby further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That such Summons, notwithstanding the Generality thereof, be deemed sufficient, if it express the Person or Persons that are commanded to deliver up their Weapons, or the Parishes, or the Lands, Limits, and Boundings of the respective Second Of- fence Trans- portation. Officers to be appointed by His Majesty. What shall be a sufficient Summons, and legal Notice. and for JRestraining the Use of the Highland Dress. 33 Territories and Places, whereof the Inhabitants are to be disarmed as aforesaid ; and that it shall be a sufficient and legal Execution or Notice of the said Summons, if it is affixed on the Door of the Parish Church or Parish Churches of the several Parishes within which the Lands (the Inhabitants whereof are to be disarmed) do lie on any Sunday, between the Hours of Ten in the Forenoon, and Two in the Afternoon, Four Days at least before the Day prefixed for the delivering up of the Arms, and on the Market Cross of the Head Burgh of the Shire or Stewartry within which the said Lands lie, Eight Days before the Day appointed for the said Delivery of the Arms ; and in case the Person or Persons employed to affix the said Summons on the Doors of the several Parish Churches, or any of them, shall be interrupted, prevented, or forcibly hindered, from affixing the said Summons on the Doors of the said Churches, or any of them, upon Oath thereof made before any of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace, the Summons affixed on the Market Cross of the said Head Burgh of the Shire or Stewartry as aforesaid, shall be deemed and taken to be a sufficient Notice to all the Persons commanded thereby to deliver up their Arms, within the true Intent and Meaning, and for the Purposes of this Act. And to the end that there may be sufficient Evidence of the Execution, or Notice given of the Summons for disarming the several Persons and Districts, as aforesaid, be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That upon the elapsing of the said several Days to be prefixed Evidence of for the delivering up Arms, the Person or Persons employed to fix the Summons, as above ^f°hg'^s^]^^" mentioned, on the Market Cross of the Head Burghs of any Shire or Stewartry, shall, before any mons to be ' o ^ ^,11 made on Oath. One of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the said Shire or Stewartry, make Oath, that he or they did truly execute and give Notice of the same by affixing it as aforesaid ; and the Person or Persons employed to affix the said Summons on the Doors of the Parish Church or Parish Churches, shall make Oath in the same Manner, and to the same Effect, or otherwise shall swear that he or they were interrupted, prevented, or forcibly hindered from affixing the said Summons as aforesaid ; which Oaths, together with Copies or Duplicates of the Summons, to which they Oath, with severally relate, shall be delivered to the Sheriff or Stewart Clerk of the several Shires or Stew- Se'lummonl artries, within which the Persons intended to be disarmed do live or reside, who shall enter the 1° ^^g'^ gj^^,^^ same in Books, which he and they is and are hereby required to keep for that Purpose ; and &'c. the said Books in which the Entries are so made, or Extracts out of the same, under the Hand of entered; their the Sheriff or Steward Clerk, shall be deemed and taken to be full and complete Evidence of the j^Jg™^^ '° Execution of the Summons, in order to the Conviction of the Persons who shall neglect or refuse to comply with the same. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That if any such Sheriff or Steward Sheriff not 1 M • 1 making Entry, Clerk neglect or refuse to make such Entry as is above mentioned, or shall refuse to exhibit the ^c. Books containing such Entries, or to give Extracts of the same, being thereto required by any Person or Persons who shall carry on any Prosecutions in pursuance of this Act, the Clerk so neglecting or refusing shall forfeit his Office, and shall likewise be fined in the Sum of Fifty the Penalty. Pounds Sterling ; to be recovered upon a summary Complaint before the Court of Session, for the Use of His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That it shall and may be lawful to and Lord Lieu- for the Lord Lieutenant of any of the Shires aforesaid, or the Person or Persons authorized by [™^''"'^j^^''- His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors, as aforesaid, to summon the Person or Persons aforesaid Persons to to deliver up his or their Arms, in manner above mentioned, or to and for any One Justice of the " ' Peace of the respective Shires above mentioned, or to the Judge Ordinary within their respective Jurisdictions, or to such Person or Persons as shall be authorized by His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors, for trying Offences against this Act, to authorize and appoint such Person or Persons C 34 Act of Parliament for Disarming the Highlands, and appre- hend, cr'C. such as shall be found with Arms. Search may be made for Arms, by Day or Night. Search by Night to be made in , Presence of a Constable, £r=f. In case of Opposition, the Aid of the King's Forces to be called. Offenders to be carried before a Justice. Indemnifica- tion against Persons killed resisting. Defendant to be allowed the Indemnity, and his Ex- penses. as they shall think fit, to apprehend all such Person or Persons as may be found within the Limits foresaid, having or wearing any Arms, or warlike Weapons, contrary to Law, and forthwith to carry him or them to some sure Prison, in order to their being proceeded against according to Law. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That it shall and may be lawful to and for His Majesty, His Heirs, and Successors, by Warrant under His or Their Royal Sign Manual, and also to and for the Lord Lieutenant of any of the Shires aforesaid, or the Person or Persons authorized by His Majesty, to summon the Person or Persons aforesaid to deliver up their Arms, or any One or more Justices of the Peace, by Warrant under his or their Hands, to authorize and appoint any Person or Persons to enter into any House or Houses, within the Limits aforesaid, either by Day or by Night, and there to search for and to seize all such Arms as shall be. found contrary to the Direction of this Act. Provided, That if the above mentioned Search shall be made in the Night-Time, that is to say, between Sun setting and Sun rising, it shall be made in the Presence of a Constable, or of some Person particularly to be named for that Purpose in the Warrant for such Search ; and if any Persons, to the Number of Five or more, shall at any Time assemble together to obstruct the Execution of any Part of this Act, it shall and may be lawful to and for every Lord Lieutenant, Deputy Lieutenant, or Justice of the Peace where such Assembly shall be ; and also to and for every Peace Officer within any such Shire, Stewartry, City, Burgh, or Place where such Assembly shall be ; and likewise to and for all and every such other Person or Persons, as by His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors, shall be authorized and appointed in that Behalf as aforesaid, to require the Aid and Assistance of the Forces of His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors, by applying to the Officer commanding the said Forces (who is hereby authorized, impowered, and commanded to give such Aid and Assistance accordingly) to suppress such unlawful Assembly, in order to the putting this Act in due Execution ; and also to seize, apprehend, and disarm, and they are hereby required to seize, apprehend, and disarm such Persons so assembled together, and forthwith to carry the Persons so apprehended before One or more of His Majesty's Justices of the Peace of the Shire or Place where such Persons shall be so apprehended, in order to their being proceeded against, for such their Offences, according to Law ; and if the persons so unlawfully assembled, or any of them, or any other Person or Persons summoned to deliver up his or their Arms in pursuance of this Act, shall happen to be killed, maimed or wounded in the dispersing, seizing, and apprehending, or in the endeavouring to disperse, seize, or apprehend, by reason of their resisting the Persons endeavouring to disperse, seize, and apprehend them ; then all and every such Lord Lieutenant, Deputy Lieutenant, Justice or Justices of the Peace, or any Peace Officer or Officers, and all and every Person or Persons, authorized and appointed by His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors, in that Behalf, as aforesaid, and all Persons aiding and assisting to him, them, or any of them, shall be freed, discharged, and indemnified, as well against the King's Majesty, His Heirs, and Successors, as against all and every other person and persons of, for, or concerning the killing, maiming, or wounding any such Person or Persons so unlawfully assembled, that shall be so killed, maimed, or wounded as aforesaid. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That if any Acrion, Civil or Criminal, shall be brought before any Court whatsoever, against any Person or Persons for what he or;fekey .shall lawfully do in pursuance or Execution of this Act, such Court shall allow the Defendant the Benefit of the Discharge and Indemnity above provided, and shall further decern the Pursuer to pay to the Defender the full and real Expences that he shall be put to by such Action or Prosecution. b Jfl and for Restraining the Use of the Highland Dress. 35 Provided nevertheless, and be it enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That no Peers of this Persons ex- Realm, nor their Sons, nor any Members of Parliament, nor any Person or Persons, who, by the ddFvlrin™^ Act above recited of the First Year of His late Majesty, were allowed to have or carry Arms, shall *''™' ^™'- by virtue of this Act be liable to be summoned to deliver up their Arms, or warlike Weapons ; nor shall this Act, or the above recited Act, be construed to extend to exclude or hinder any Person, whom His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors, by Licence under His or Their Sign Manual, shall permit to wear Arms, or who shall be licenced to wear Arms, by any Writing or Writings under the Hand and Seal, or Hands and Seals of any Person or Persons authorized by His Majesty, His Heirs, or Successors, or give such Licence from keeping, bearing, or wearing such Arms, and warlike Weapons, as in such Licence or Licences shall for that Purpose be particularly specified. And to the end that no Persons may be discouraged from delivering up their Arms, from the Apprehension of the Penalties and Forfeitures which they may have incurred, through their neglecting to comply with the Directions of the said Act of the First Year of His late Majesty's Act ist Geo.l. Reign, be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That from and after the Time of affixing any such Summons as aforesaid, no Person or Persons residing within the Bounds therein rrien- None to be tioned, shall be sued or prosecuted for his or their having, or having had, bearing, or having had Arms borne Arms, at any Time before the several Days to be prefixed or limited by Summons as Tlme^i'mtted aforesaid, for the respective Persons and Districts to deliver up their Arms ; but if any Person or ^°^ delivering Persons shall refuse or neglect to deliver up their Arms in Obedience to such Summons as afore- said, or shall afterwards be found in Arms, he and they shall be liable to the Penalties and Penalty on not delivering up Forfeitures of the Statute above recited, as well as to the Penalties of this present Act. Arms. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That One Moiety of the Penalties j^j^ o al f imposed by this Act with respect to which no other Provision is made, shall be to the Informer or Forfeitures. Informers ; and the Other Moiety shall be at the Disposal of the Justices of the Peace, Judge Ordinary, or other Person authorized by His Majesty as aforesaid, before whom such Conviction shall happen", provided the same be applied towards the Expence incurred in the Execution of this Act. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That the above Provisions in this Act The above shall continue in Force for Seven Years, and from thence to the End of the next Session of Parlia- be in force for ment, and no longer. '' ^'^^'^^• And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That from and after the First Day of August, One thousand seven hundred and forty seven, no Man or Boy, within that Part of Great Britain called Scotland, other than such as shall be employed as Officers and Soldiers in His None but the Majesty's Forces, shall, on any Pretence whatsoever, wear or put on the Clothes commonly called the Highland Highland Clothes (that is to say) the Plaid, Philebeg, or little Kilt, Trowse, Shoulder Belts, or any Clothes. Part whatsoever of what peculiarly belongs to the Highland Garb ; and that no Tartan, or party- coloured Plaid or Stuff shall be used for Great Coats, or for Upper Coats ; and if any such Person shall presume after the said First Day of A ttgicst, to wear or put on the aforesaid Garments, or any Part of them, every such Person so offending, being convicted thereof by the Oath of One or more credible Witness or Witnesses before any Court of Justiciary, or any One or more Justices of the Peace for the Shire or Stewartry, or Judge Ordinary of the Place where such Offence shall be committed, shall suffer Imprisonment, without Bail, during the Space of Six Months, and no The Penalty, longer ; and being convicted for a second Offence before a Court of Justiciary, or at the Circuits, shall be hable to be transported to any of His Majesty's Plantations beyond the Seas, there to remain for the Space of Seven Years. And whereas by an Act made in this Session of Parliament, intituled. An Act to indemnify Act 19 c^o. ii. such Persons as have acted in Defence of His Majesty's Person and Government, and for the Pre- 36 Act of Parliament for JDisarming the Highlands, All Actions, for Matters done for the Service of the Government, to be void, scrvation of the publick Peace of this Kingdom during the Time of the present tamatural Rebellion, and Sheriffs and others who have suffered Escapes, occasioned thereby, from vexatious Suits and Prosecutions, it is enacted, Tliat all personal Actions and Suits, Indictments, Informations, and all Molestations, Prosecutions, and Proceedings whatsoever, and Judgments thereupon, if any be, for or by reason of any Matter or Thing advised, commanded, appointed, or done during the Rebellion, until the Thirtieth Day of April, in the Year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and forty six, in order to suppress the said unnatural Rebellion, or for the Preservation of the publick Peace, or for the Service of Safety to the Government, shall be discharged and made void : And whereas it is also reasonable, that Acts done for the publick Service, since the said Thirtieth Day of April, though not justifiable by the strict Forms of Law, should be justified by Act of Parliament ; be it enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That all personal Actions and Suits, Indictments and Infor- mations, which have been or shall be commenced or prosecuted, and all Molestations, Prosecutions, and Proceedings whatsoever, and Judgments thereupon, if any be, for or by reason of any Act, Matter, or Thing advised, commanded, appointed, or clone before the Twenty fifth Day of July, in the Year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and forty six, in order to suppress the said unnatural RebeUion, or for the Preservation of the publick Peace, or for the Safety or Service of tlae Government, shall be discharged and made void ; and that every Person, by whom any such Act, Matter, or Thing shall have been so advised, commanded, appointed or done for the Purposes aforesaid, or any of them, before the said Five and twentieth Day of Jtily, shall be freed, acquitted, and indemnified, as well against the King's Majesty, His Heirs, and Successors, as against all and every other Person and Persons ; and that if any Action or Suit hath been or shall be commenced or prosecuted, within that Part of Great Britain called England, against any Person for any such Act, Matter, or Thing so advised, commanded appointed, or done for the Purposes aforesaid, or any of them, before the said Twenty fifth Day of July, he or she may plead the General Issue, and give this Act and the special Matter in Evidence ; and if the Plaintiff' or Plaintiffs shall become nonsuit, or forbear further Prosecution, or suff"er Discontinuance ; or if a Verdict pass against such Plaintiff or Plantiffs, the Defendant or Defendants shall recover his, her, or their Double Costs, for which he, she, or they shall have the like Remedy, as in Cases where Costs by Law are given to Defendants ; and if such Action or Suit hath been or shall be commenced or prosecuted in that Part of Great Britain called Scotland, the Court, before whom such Action or Suit hath been or shall be com- menced or prosecuted, shall allow to the Defender the Benefit of the Discharge and Indemnity above provided, and shall further decern the Pursuer to pay to the Defender the full and real Expences that he or she shall be put to by such Action or Suit. And whereas by an Act passed in the Sixth Year of Her late Majesty Queen Anne, intituled, ■ An Act for rendering the Union of the Two Kingdoms more entire and complete ; it is, among other Things, enacted, That Circuit Courts shall be holden in that Part of the United Kingdom called Scotland, in Manner, and at the Places mentioned in the said Act : And whereas by the late unnatural Rebellion, the Course of Justice in Scotland has been so interrupted, as rendered it impracticable to give up and transmit Presentments, in such due Time as Prosecutions might thereupon commence, before the Northern Circuit, to be holden in May this present Year, whereby there appeared a Necessity of superseding the said Circuit ; be it therefore enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That the Judges of the Court of Justiciary, and all and every other Person and Persons therein concerned, are hereby indemnified for their not performing the said Circuit, as by the forecited Act they were obliged to do ; any thing in the same Act, or in any other Law or Statute to the contrary notwithstanding. And whereas a Doubt hath arisen with respect to the Shire of Dmnbartain, what Part thereof was intended to be disarmed by the First recited Act made in the First Year of His late Majesty R}t^land. ■ General Issue. Double Costs. Scotland. Full Costs. Act 6 Anntr. Judges indem- nified for not performing the Circuit Courts. and for Besti^aining the Use of the Highland Dress. 37 King George, and intended to be carried into further Execution by the present Act ; be it enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That such Parts of the said Shire of Dunbartaiu as ly upon the East, Parts of Zi^h- West, and North Sides of Lochlomond, to the Northward of that Point where the Water of Leven disarmed, runs from Lochlomond, are and were intended to be disarmed by the aforesaid Act and are com- prehended and subject to the Directions of this Act. And whereas it is of great Importance to prevent the rising Generation being educated in disaffected or rebeUious Principles, and although sufficient Provision is ah'eady made by Law for the due Regulation of the Teachers in the Four Universities, and in the publick Schools authorized by Law in the Royal Burghs and Country Parishes in Scotland, it is further necessary. That all Persons who take upon them to officiate as Masters or Teachers in Private Schools, in that Part of Great Britain called Scotland, should give Evidence of their good Affecdon to His Majesty's Person and Government ; be it therefore enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That from and after the First Day of November, in the Year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and forty six, it shall not be Lawful for any Person in Scotland to keep a Private School for Teaching English, Latin, Greek, or any Part of Literature, or to officiate as a Master or Teacher in such School, or any School for Literature, other than those in the Universities, or Established in the respective Royal Burghs by Publick Authority, or the Parochial Schools settled according to Law, or the Schools maintained by the Society in Scotland for propagating Christian Knowledge, or by the General Assemblies of the Church of Scotland, or Committees thereof, upon the Bounty granted by His Majesty, until the Situation and Description of such Private Schools be first entered and ^f privat'e mc registered in a Book, which shall be provided and kept for that Purpose by the Clerks of the several Schools to be registered ; Shires, Stewartries, and Burghs in Scotland, together with a Certificate from the proper Officer, of with a Certi- every such Master and Teacher having qualified himself, by taking the Oaths appointed by Law MasterhliLg to be taken by Persons in Offices of publick Trust in Scotland ; and every such Master and qi'^lifi«l ■^ himself. Teacher of a Private School shall be obliged, and is hereby required, as often as Prayers shall be said in such School, to pray, or cause to be prayed for, in express words. His Majesty, His Heirs, His Majesty, and Successors, by Name, and for all the Royal Family ; and if any Person shall, from and after prayed for by the said First Day of November, presume to enter upon, or exercise the Function or Office of a Master or Teacher of any such Priyate School as shall not have been registered in Manner herein directed, or without having first qualified himself, and caused the Certificate to be registered as above mentioned ; or in case he shall neglect to pray for His Majesty by Name, and all the Royal Family, or to cause them to be prayed for as herein directed ; or in case he shall resort to, or attend Divine Worship in any Episcopal Meeting-house not allowed by the Law, every Person so Masters not offending in any of the Premisses, being thereof lawfully convicted before any Two or more of the Episcopal Justices of the Peace, or before any other Judge competent of the Place summarily, shall, for the Meetin"--'^ first Offence, suffer Imprisonment for the Space of Six Months ; and for the Second, or any sub- ™"^p' sequent OfTence, being thereof lawfully convicted before the Court Justiciary, or in any of the Circuit Courts, shall be adjudged to be transported, and accordingly shall be transported to some of his Majesty's Plantations in America for Life ; apd in case any Person adjudged to be so trans- ported shall return into, or be found in Great Britain, then every such Person shall suffer Imprison- ment for Life. And be it further enacted by the Authority aforesaid. That if any Parent or Guardian shall n . « ^ J ^ J Parents, (sc. put a Child or Children under his care to any Private School that shall not be registered according sending Child- • •i-i\T '-T'l lit ^'"^^^ t° unrc- to the Directions of this Act, or whereof the prmcipal Master or 1 eacher shall not have registered gistered the Certificate of his having qualified himself as herein directed, every such Parent or Guardian so ^'^''°°^' ^'• offending, and being thereof lawfully convicted before any Two or more Justices of Peace, or before any other Judge competent of the Place summarily, shall, for the First Offence be liable to suffer 38 Act of Parliament for Disarming the Highlands, the Penalty. Chaplains, &c. in Families, to take the Oaths ; Certificates to be registered. The Penalt)'. Oath ap- pointed for Chajjlains, &i: of the Church of Scotland. Act 5 Geo. I. Persons keep- ing Chaplains, GfiT. who have not qualified; Imprisonment by the Space of Three Months ; and for the Second, or any subsequent Offence, being thereof lawfully convicted before the Court of Justiciary, or in any of the Circuit Courts, shall suffer Imprisonment for the Space of Two Years from the Date of such Conviction. And whereas by an Act passed in the Parliament of Scotland, in the Year of our Lord One thousand six hundred and ninety three, all Chaplains in Families, and Governours and Teachers of Children and Youth, were obliged to take the Oaths of Allegiance and Assurance therein directed ; and there may be some Doubt, whether by the Laws, as they stand at present, they are obliged to take the Oaths appointed to be taken by Persons in Offices of publick Trust in Scotland : Therefore be it enacted by the Authority aforesaid, That from and after the First Day of November, in the Year of our Lord One thousand seven hundred and forty six, no Person shall exercise the Employment, Function, or Service of a Chaplain, in any Family in that Part of Great Britain called Scotland, or of a Governor, Tutor, or Teacher of any Child, Children, or Youth, residing in Scotland, or in Parts beyond the Seas, without first qualifying himself, by taking the Oaths, appointed by Law to be taken by Persons in Offices of publick Trust, and causing" a Certificate- of his having done so to be entered or registered in a Book to be kept for that Purpose by the Clerks of the Shires, Stewartries, or Burghs in Scotland, where such Persons shall reside ; or in case of any such Governor, Tutor, or Teacher of any such Child, Children, or Youth, acting in Parts beyond the Seas, then in a Book to be kept for that Purpose by the Clerk of the Shire, Stewartry, or Burgh where the Parent or Guardian of such Child, Children, or Youth shall reside. And if any Person, from and after the said First Day of November, shall persume to exercise the Employment, Func- tion, or Service of Chaplain, in any Family in Scotland, or of a Governor or Teacher of Children or Youth, as aforesaid, without having taken the said Oaths, and caused the Certificate of his having duly taken the same, to be registered, as is above directed ; every Person so offending, being thereof lawfully convicted before any Two or more Justices of Peace, or before any other Judge Competent of the Place summarily, shall for the First Offence, suffer Imprisonment by the Space of Six Months ; and for the Second, or any subsequent Offence, being thereof lawfully convicted before the Court of Justiciary, or in any of the Circuit Courts, shall be adjudged to be banished from Great Britain for the Space of seven Years. Provided always, That it shall be lawful for every Chaplain, Schoolmaster, Governour, Tutor, or Teacher of Youth who is of the Communion of the Church of Scotland, instead of the Oath of Abjuration appointed by Law to be taken by Persons in Offices Civil or Military, to take the Oath directed to be taken by Preachers and Expectants in Divinity of the established Church of Scotland, by an Act passed in the Fifth Year of the Reign of King George, the First, intituled, An Act for making more effectual the Laws appointing the Oaths for Security of the Government to be taken by Ministers and Preachers in Churclics and Meeting-hotLses in Scotland ; and a Certificate of his having taken that Oath shall, to all Intents and Purposes, be as valid and effectual as the Certificate of his having taken the Oath of Abjuration above mentioned ; and he shall be as much deemed to have qualified himself according to Law, as if he had taken the Abjuration appointed to be taken by Persons in Civil Offices. And be it further enacted. That from and after the said First Day of November, no Person within Scotland shall keep or entertain any Person or Chaplain in any Family, or as Governor, Tutor, or Teacher of any Child, Children, or Youth, unless the Certificate of such Person's having taken the Oaths to His Majesty be duly registered in Manner above directed ; and if any Person shall keep or entertain a Chaplain in his Family, or a Governor, Tutor, or Teacher of any Child, Children, or Youth under his Care, without the Certificate of such Chaplain, Governor, Tutor, or Teacher's having respectively quahfied himself, by taking the Oaths to His Majesty, being duly registered in Manner above mentioned, every such Person so offending, being thereof lawfully and for Restraining the Use of the Highland Dress. 39 convicted before any Two or more of His Majesty's Justices of Peace, or before any other Judge competent, shall, for the First Offence, suffer Imprisonment by the Space of Six Months ; and the Penalty. for the Second, or any subsequent Offence, being thereof lawfully convicted before the Court of Justiciary, or in any of the Circuit Courts in Scotland, shall suffer Imprisonment by the Space of. Two Years. And for the better preventing any private Schools from being held or maintained, or any Chaplain in any Family, or any Governor, Tutor, or Teacher of any Children or Youth, from being employed or entertained contrary to the Directions of this Act, be it further enacted. That the Sheriffs of Shires, and Stewarts of Stewartries, and Magistrates of Burghs in Scotland, shall be Sheriffs, &c. ' ° ° ' to enquire obHged, and are hereby required, from time to time, to make diligent Enquiry within their into Offences respective Jurisdictions, concerning any Offences that shall be committed against this Act, and Act, (^c cause the same, being the First Offence, to be prosecuted before themselves ; and in case of a Second, or subsequent Offence," to give Notice thereof, and of the Evidence for proving the same, to his Majesty's Advocate for the Time being, who is hereby required to prosecute such Second or subsequent Offences before the Court of Justiciary, or at the Circuit Courts. FINIS. Now Ready, SECOND EDITION, in Demy Quarto, Price, FuU Bound Cloth, 7s. 6d. THE Historical Geography OF THE Clans of Scotland. BY T. B. JOHNSTON, F.R.G.S. F.R.S.E. & F.S.A.S., Colonel JAMES A. ROBERTSON, F.S.A.S. CONTENTS. Map of Scotland divided into Clans (Large folding Map, Coloured, and mounted on Cloth). Preface. Explanatory Remarks on the Map. Roll of the Landislordis and Baillies. Rotation of the Highland Clans as given in two Acts of Parliament, dated 1587 and 1594. Names of Highland Chiefs and Landlords contained in the Act of Parliament 1587, not named in the Roll of the Clans. Strength of the Highland Forces in 1715. Badges of the Clans. War Cries of the Clans. Itinerary of Prince Charles from his Landing to Edinburgh. Itinerary of Prince Charles from Edinburgh to Culloden. Itinerary of Prince Charles from Culloden to Arasaig. Map of the Various Routes (two pages Coloured). Account of the Battle of Prestonpans. Plan of the Battle (Coloured). Account of the Battle of Falkirk. Plan of the Battle (Coloured). Account of the Battle of Culloden. Map of the District, with Line of March of the two Armies. Plan of the Battle (Coloured). Act of Parliament, dated 1746, for disarming the IIighlands, and restraining the use of the Highland Dress. The "Work, with the Map mounted on Cloth, on EoUer varnished, can be had for Two Shillings extra. EXTRACTS FROM REVIEWS. * The Map bears evidence of careful prepara- tion, and the Editor acknowledges the assistance of Dr William Skene, who is known for eminent services to Highland archceology.' — Athen^ttm. ' Every Highland gentleman should at once provide himself with a copy of this graceful volume, so well-fitted to add ornament to a draw- ing-room. Indeed, every lady and gentleman with a Highland name,, ought to be speedily quite familar with its contents. We cordially commend the book to every student of the history of Scot- land.' — Courant. ' This is a valuable contribution to the history of the Scottish Highlands, and a delightful work for enthusiastic Flighlanders. Great pains have been taken to make the Map as accurate as pos- sible. It may lay claim to be the most complete, as well as the most correct, ever published.' — Daily Rei'icuK ' It would appear that there is a strong desire for information as to the limits and positions oc- cupied by the Clans of Scotland ; and the pub- lishers of this volume, to supply this demand, first started with a Map, here given — a very handsome one too — showing the geographical position of the Clans in Scotland. After th^t came certain interesting additions — now happily matters of histoiy, merely curious, but which will be useful, and, no doubt, interesting, to our Scottish readers.' — PublisJiers' Circular. ' This is in every way, an admirable work. Tliere is no authentic map of the districts oc- cupied by the Highland Clans at any particular date, and the authors supply us with one which has for its basis the Acts of Parliament of 1587 and 1594. The map is invaluable to the historical student. Antiquarians and students of Scottish history will seldom fall upon so many curious and interesting particulars as this most interesting tract supplies, presented in so limited a space. The narratives of the battles are concise and im- partial, andare yet full of spirit.' — Glasgow Herald. ' Geography is the right eye of history. Strange to say, while the history of continental contests, like the Peninsular war and the campaign of 1815, have been fully illustrated by maps and plans, the histories of our own country are almost destitute of illustrations of this sort. We, therefore, hail with peculiar satisfaction, a work which purposes to supply this deficiency in regard to the last great effort to replace the Stewart family on the throne of Great Britain — a theme of undying interest to Scotchmen in every quarter of the world. The Map has been constructed with great labour and care, and is the first properly authenticated and accurate document of the kind that has been given to the public. The work is tastefully and care- fully got up, the plans of the battles are well ex- ecuted, and on the whole correct. ' — North British Daily Mail. ' The Historical Geogi-aphy of the Clans of Scotland is a volume of very considerable interest to historians generally, and to Scotchmen in par- ticular. Mr T. B. Johnston and Colonel J. A. Robertson must be congratulated on having done their work exceedingly well.'— 77;^ ^wkjVzj- Standard. ' It may be expected that not only all the St Andrew's, Caledonian, Gaelic, Burns, and other Scottish Societies, but all those of Scotch birth or descent, whose names begin with UTac and end with Son, will take very kindly to a publication of unexampled accuracy, which tells them, in a few words, a great deal about their families. ' — The Press, Philadelphia, U. S. ' In the historical, and one or two other depart- ments of literature, the importance of a thoroughly good map can scarcely be overstated. With much judgment, advantage has been taken of the publication of the Clan Map to republish a variety of interesting particulars as to the Highland Clans, which are not now easy of access to ordinary readers. We congratulate Messrs Johnston on this addition to their well-earned reputation. The map is executed with the elegance, clearness, and finish which distinguish all the geographical works issuing from their establishment, and the work is, in other respects, exceedingly well got up.' — The Crieff Journal. ' The most useful of all companions to any History of Scotland, or of the Highlands, or, in- deed, to any history of our country, that has been prepared, is the volume now before us, entitled " The Historical Geography of the Clans of Scot- land." It is therefore a volume which every student in history, and, notably, eveiy Scotsman ought to possess. It is long since we saw so truly interesting and useful a contribution to historical literature as this book in every way is. It over- flows with curious and suggestive matter, and leaves nothing to be desired.' — Reliquary Quarterly Journal. W. & A. K. JOHNSTON, GEOGRAPHERS, ENGRAVERS, AND PRINTERS TO THE QUEEN, EDINBURGH AND 74 STRAND, LONDON. 1873. i