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OUTLINES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ADVANCED REGISTRY SYSTEM 
 
 OF THE 
 
 Holstein-Friesian Association 
 
 OF AMERICA 
 
 AND 
 
 Rules for Officially Authenticated 
 BUTTER FAT TESTS. 
 
 With Introductory ARTictE on Holstein-E?iesian Cattlb and 
 
 Tabids Showing Highest Records to Date. 
 
 (Illustrated.) 
 
 THIRD EDITION. 
 
 PREPARED FOR 
 
 STUDENTS OF AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS 
 
 AND OTHERS INTERESTED. 
 
 JANUARY 1, 1908. 
 
MALCOLM H. GAHDNEK. 
 Sujit. of A. H. 
 
PART FIRST. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 HOLSTEIN-FRIESIAN CATTLE. 
 
 By Malcolm H. Gardner, Delavan, Wisconsin, Superinten- 
 dent Advanced Registry Holstein-Friesian 
 Association of America. 
 
 / SECTION FIRST. 
 
 The cattle known in America as Holstein-Priesians belong to the short- 
 horned, lowland race, native to the low-lying, fertile lands of Europe bordering 
 on the North Sea; of which race, from the dairy standpoint, the Holstein- 
 Friesian family is the most highly developed. These cattle might have been 
 better named Friesian, since Friesland, and the neighboring provinces of Hol- 
 land, is the central home from which this breed of cattle has been so widely 
 disseminated over the old world, and from which some 10,000 head of foundation 
 stock has been brought to America. The Friesian people are among the most 
 conservative of the Germanic race; still holding to, and speaking among them- 
 selves the old Friesian language, although also able to speak Dutch, the ofBcial 
 language of Holland. They have been equally conservative in holding to their 
 ancient industry of cattle rearing, an occupation for which their low-lying lands 
 are especially fitted; and, as the Roman historian Tacitus speaks of them nearly 
 1,900 years ago as cattle breeders, paying a tribute in cattle and hides to the 
 Roman Empire, so we find them today making dairy husbandry their main 
 industry. Holding mainly to one occupation down through the centuries, and 
 passing the business from father to son, it would be strange indeed if their 
 breed of cattle, did not reach a very high degree of development; so it is in no 
 way surprising that we should find these Friesian dairymen possessed of a breed 
 of cattle which, as an all-around dairy breed, is superior to any other breed known. 
 
 While in character the Holstein-Friesians are essentially a dairy breed and 
 are so regarded in America, yet as an all-around dairy breed the matter of 
 beef and veal must not be lost sight of, and in Holland these are very im- 
 portant points. There, few cattle are allowed to pass their seventh year ; but 
 before they pass out of their prime they are fattened and sold as beef. Prof. 
 I. P. Roberts, of Cornell University Agricultural College, in speaking of Hol- 
 stein-Friesian beef said : . "I ate it for three weeks, and the English beef for 
 two; and while not so fat as the shorthorn, it was to my taste superior." The 
 breed reaches full growth and maturity at about five years of age; reaching 
 full height at between two and one-half and three years of age, and each year 
 for the two following years adding about one and three-fourths inches in length, 
 
three-fourths of an inch in width of hips, and two inches in girth of chest. 
 Mr. S. Hoxie, former superintendent of J-Iolstein-Friesian Advanced Registry, 
 states that the average measurements of cows upwards of five years of age 
 received to entry in the fourth volume of the Advanced Register were as follows : 
 "Height at shoulders, 51.8 inches; height at hips, 53 inches; length of body, 
 64.9 inches; length of rump, 21.4 inches; width of hips, 31.9 inches; width at 
 thurl, 19.6 inches; girth at smallest circumference of chest, 75.6 inches." He 
 states that the average weight of these cows was 1,262 pounds, and that the 
 average measurements are those of what might be deemed a typical animal of 
 what is technically known as the milk-and-fiesh form of the breed, the form 
 that is most popular in America. 
 
 The first association of breeders of these cattle was formed in 1871, the first 
 herd-book being published the following year. The present Holstein-Friesian 
 Association was formed in 1885 by the union of two earlier associations, and is 
 now the largest association of breeders of pure-bred dairy cattle in the world. 
 Frederick L. Houghton, Brattleboro, Vt., has long been the able secretary of the 
 association, and Wing R. Smith, Syracuse, N. Y., its trusted treasurer. Mr. S. 
 Hoxie, the veteran superintendent of Advanced Registry, retired June 7, 1905, 
 on account of age and ill health, at which time he was succeeded by the writer. 
 How many Holstein-Friesian cattle there are now living is unknown; but since 
 the juncture of the two old associations in 1885, to November 1, 1907, 98,937 
 females and 48,837 males have been recorded. The Holstein-Friesian Advanced 
 Register, based for entry upon individual merit, was established in 1885 ; since 
 which time eighteen volumes have been published and the nineteenth begun, 
 containing entries of nearly 7,000 cows and 533 bulls. The age of any female 
 is computed as that at the time of last calving or aborting, and the require- 
 ments for entry vary with the age; being not less than 7.2 pounds butter fat 
 in seven consecutive days for a heifer calving at just two years of age or 
 younger, and increasing proportionately to not less than 12 pounds butter fat 
 for a cow calving at five years old, there being no increased requirements for 
 increased age after a cow reaches the age of five years. Only bulls having 
 four or more daughters which have been entered in the Advanced Register 
 on official records of butter fat are accepted for entry. 
 
 The rules for the entry of cows in the Holstein-Friesian Advanced Register 
 are very stringent, being designed to place every Holstein-Friesian record 
 beyond even a shadow of a doubt. Every milking during the period of test 
 must be watched, weighed, sampled and tested' by a representative of some State 
 Agricuhural College; and thus, because of resulting expense, the bulk of its 
 records are for short periods, largely for one week. It will be readily admitted 
 that eighteen pounds of butter fat will make twenty-one pounds of the best 
 commercial butter, or an average of three pounds of butter per day when 
 eighteen pounds of fat is produced in seven consecutive days, and that almost 
 no cows other than Holstein-Friesian have ever, under strict rules, produced 
 such an amount. The records of the Holstein-Friesian Advanced Register 
 show that 324 cows have produced officially in excess- of eighteen pounds butter 
 fat in seven consecutive days; of which 122 cows have produced between 
 eighteen and nineteen pounds, eighty-three cows between nineteen and twenty 
 pounds, sixty-three cows between twenty and twenty-one pounds, twenty-three 
 cows between twenty-one and twenty-two pounds, sixteen cows between twenty- 
 
 4 
 
two and twenty-three pounds, nine cows between twenty-three and twenty-four 
 pounds, three cows between twenty-four and twenty-five pounds, three cows 
 between twenty-five and twenty-six pounds, one cow between twenty-seven and 
 twenty-eight pounds, and one cow over twenty-eight pounds. It must be 
 remembered that while many of these records were made by cows much under 
 five years of age, there were large numbers of records made by two and three- 
 year-old heifers which were, considering age, proportionately as large, yet 
 fell short of the eighteen-pound minimum required for this list. 
 
 As to the per cent of fat in average Holstein-Friesian milk, 1,725 cows and 
 heifers of all ages recorded in the eighteenth volume of the Holstein-Friesian 
 Advanced Register, of which more than one-half were heifers, produced in 
 seven consecutive days an average of 383.5 pounds milk containing 13.12 pounds 
 of butter fat, showing an average of 3.43 per cent fat. To November 1, 1907, 
 119 Holstein-Friesian cows and heifers have produced in excfss of twenty 
 pounds of butter fat in a period of seven consecutive days. These 119 animals 
 
 COIiANTHA JOHANNA LAD 32481 H.-F. H.-B. 
 
 Sire, Sarcastic I<ad 194 A. R. S. Dam, Colantba 4th's Johanna 1849 A. R. O. 
 
 produced within seven consecutive days a total of 67,314.1 pounds of 
 milk containing 2,554.9 p6unds butter fat, showing an average of 3.8 per 
 cent fat. Each animal averaged 565.6 pounds milk containing 21.47 pounds 
 butter fat, equivalent to 80.8 pounds of milk per day, and over twenty-five 
 pounds of the best commercial butter per week. One hundred and twenty-six 
 Holstein-Friesian cows and heifers have made thirty-day official records in 
 excess of seventy-two pounds butter fat, of which thirty-eight produced from 
 seventy-two to seventy-six pounds, thirty from seventy-six to eighty pounds, 
 thirty from eighty to eighty-five pounds, nine from eighty-five to ninety pounds, 
 seven from ninety to ninety-five pounds, six from ninety-five to 100 pounds, 
 four from 100 to 110 pounds, and two over 110 pounds. Fifty-eight Holstein- 
 Friesian cows and heifers have made thirty-day records in excess of eighty 
 pounds butter fat, producing in thirty consecutive days a total of 142,500.2 
 pounds milk containing 5,084.8 pounds butter fat, and showing an average of 
 
3.57 per cent fat. The average for each animal was 2,456.9 pounds milk con- 
 taining 87.67 pounds butter fat, equivalent to 81.9 pounds of milk and 3.4 pounds 
 of butter per day. The magnitude of these averages must be studied to be com- 
 prehended and appreciated. 
 
 A few Holstein-Friesian cows have been officially tested for longer periods, 
 and one cow produced in sixty days over 208 pounds fat, another in 100 days 
 over 284 pounds, while a heifer under three years of age produced over 227 
 pounds in the same length of time. At the World's Fair at St. Louis, where 
 three Missouri Holstein-Friesian breeders pitted their individual herd against 
 the pick of the Jersey world, one Holstein-Friesian cow produced over 282 
 pounds of fat in 120 days, surpassing the foremost Jersey by over two pounds; 
 and since then, a Holstein-Friesian cow has officially produced over 316 pounds 
 fat in the same length of time. One Holstein-Friesian cow has officially pro- 
 duced over 453 pounds of fat in 182J^ days, while another, owned by the 
 Michigan Agricultural College, produced over 721 pounds of fat in a period of 
 one year. Many Holstein-Friesian cows have made very lage private records,' 
 but it is not the practice of the Holstein-Friesian Association to report private 
 records. 
 
 The semi-official yearly test, recently taken up by Holstein-Friesian breeders, 
 is the same as the Jersey yearly official test, and is a much stricter and more 
 reliable test than the Guernsey official yearly test. It consists in making the 
 results obtained from a regular official test of not less than two days in each 
 month of lactation the basis of computation for the average per cent of fat 
 in the milk of the cow for that month, and also in using the results of the 
 regular official test as a check upon the milk production of the cow as reported 
 for the remaining days of that month by the owner. Such tests, while not 
 as absolutely accurate as are official tests, are of great value in determining 
 approximately what a cow can do for her whole period of lactation. At the 
 present writing, the Jersey list in this class of records is headed by Olive 
 Dunn, with 717.5 pounds of butter fat to her credit; the Guernsey list by 
 Yeksa Sunbeam, with 857.15 pounds of fat; while the Holstein-Friesian list 
 is headed by Colantha 4th's Johanna, with 27,433.5 pounds milk containing 
 998.26 pounds of butter fat. Thus for milk, cheese or butter, either by 
 official or semi-official test, the Holstein-Friesian cow stands at the head 
 of all dairy cows. The Holstein-Friesian Association has but the results 
 of one year's work in the semi-official line to quote from; but, in addition to 
 the work of Colantha 4th's Johanna, mentioned above, one cow produced over 
 601 pounds fat, two junior four-year-olds 626 and 590 pounds, respectively,, 
 two junior three-year-olds 620 and 584 pounds, respectively, and two junior 
 two-year-olds nearly 422 and 406 pounds. Others of various ages have done 
 nearly as well. 
 
 It has been asserted by some persons illy posted as to the facts that while 
 Holstein-Friesian cows did yield large quantities of milk, the milk was below 
 standard in quality. Ten gallons of milk per day, by weight eighty-four pounds, 
 might well be considered as an amount so great that no cow could ever produce 
 it; yet under the strictest sort of an official test sixty-three Holstein-Friesian 
 cows have yielded in excess of 588 pounds milk in a period of seven consecu- 
 tive days. This herd of sixty-three cows, of which some were not of full 
 age, produced in a period of seven consecutive days 39,485.6 pounds milk con- 
 
taining 1,296.65 pounds of butter fat; thus showing an average of 3.28 per cent 
 fat. The 'average for each cow was 626.7 pounds milk containing 20.58 pounds 
 of butter fat; equivalent to 89.8 pounds milk (over 105^ gallons) per day, and 
 twenty-four pounds of the best commercial butter per week. After such proofs 
 of large production of both butter fat and of milk, and showing that even 
 in the largest yields of almost incredible amounts of milk the average contents 
 of butter fat was ten per cent in excess of the usual legal requirements, further 
 comment would seem unnecessary. 
 
 SECTION SECOND. 
 
 Owners and breeders of Holstein-Friesian cattle base their claims for the 
 superiority of this breed over all other dairy breeds mainly on the foll'owing 
 points : First, that the Holstein-Friesian is a large, strong, vigorous cow, full 
 of energy and abounding in vitality; second, that her physical organization and 
 digestive capacity is such that she is able to turn to the best advantage the 
 roughage of the farm, converting the same into merchantable products ; third, 
 that she yields large quantities of most excellent milk, fit for any and all uses 
 and especially well fitted for shipping purposes; fourth, that heredity is so 
 firmly established through her long lineage that she is able to perpetuate herself 
 through the production of strong, healthy calves; and fifth, that when for 
 any reason her usefulness in the dairy is at an end, she fattens readily and 
 makes excellent beef. 
 
 While men usually engage in the dairy industry for the profits directly 
 and indirectly to be obtained, and not for the health's sake or for the pleasure 
 therein, yet the aesthetic side of any business should not be lost sight of; for 
 in the breeding of Holstein-Friesians all of these objects may be attained, the 
 owner deriving such pleasure and satisfaction from the ownership of fine animals 
 as can in no way be measured in money. 
 
 It is a self-evident fact that the Holstein-Friesian is a large, strong, 
 vigorous cow, and needs no demonstration ; but many persons have never stopped 
 to consider the value of this vigor and vitality in a cow. Would a man select 
 a small, weak, puny human nurse for his infant child? And if he should so do,, 
 would h« expect the child to thrive and grow strong and vigorous on her 
 milk? But in what respect does the need for vitality in the cow differ from 
 like need in the human nurse; is she not the widely chosen foster-mother of 
 the human race? How careful, then, should we be in the selection of this 
 foster-mother. 
 
 Nature looks keenly to the welfare of her children ; and it is incontrovertible 
 that she has seen to it that the milk of the human mother is such as is best 
 fitted for the human race. By analogy, then, that breed of dairy cattle which 
 produced milk nearest in its consistent parts to human milk produces milk best 
 fitted for the consumption of man; while a milk illy balanced as to fat content, 
 as compared with human milk, is unsuited to the best development of mankind. 
 Of all the dairy breeds, the milk of the Holstein-Friesian most nearly approaches 
 that of the human mother, and it is therefore especially fitted for the use of 
 infants, children and invalids, giving health and strength to all. As human milk 
 is not high in average per cent of fat, so Holstein-Friesian milk, in approaching 
 it, does not as a rule contain as high a percentage of fat as does the milk 
 of some of the smaller dairy breeds which yield milk in very limited amounts. 
 
but owing to the very large average quantity of milk yielded by it, no breed 
 equals the Holstein-Friesian in production of butter fat. 
 
 It has been stated by some who have not well considered the matter, that 
 the value of milk is measured by its fat content; but this is only partially true 
 even in butter making. From a nutritive standpoint, the fat is the least valuable 
 part of milk; it is the solids not fat that give it is value. The milk of the 
 females of the horse and ass, herbivorous animals whose muscular development 
 is of prime importance, is very low in per cent of fat; yet the health, strength 
 and activity of their progeny is noted. Swine are universally known to have 
 the strongest of digestive powers in the utilization of all food; yet the experi- 
 ments at the Connecticut Experiment Station show that even the pig can not 
 thrive on milk containing an excess of fat. Holstein-Friesian calves that are 
 suckled by their dams thrive amazingly, and it may be safely assumed as a fact 
 
 COLANTHA 4TH'S JOHANNA 1849 A. R. O. 
 
 Official Records: Seven-day, 651-7 pounds milk, ^8.176 pounds fat; thirty-day, 2,873.6 pounds 
 
 milk, 110.833 pounds fat; sixty-day, 6,326.7 pounds milk, 208.398 lbs. fat; seven-day 
 
 record begun not less than eight months after calving (339 days), 478.6 
 
 pounds milk, 17.276 pounds fat. Semi-Official Yearly Record: 
 
 365-day, 27,432.6 pounds milk, 998.26 pounds fat. 
 
 that the milk of any dairy breed which can not safely be fed to the young calf 
 is not suited for human consumption. 
 
 The globubes of fat suspended in the milk serum of the Holstein-Friesian 
 cow are small, and do not as readily separate and rise as cream as do the fat 
 globules of the milk of some other dairy breeds, thus making Holstein-Friesian 
 milk ideal for consumption as whole milk and for shipping purposes; while, 
 as the modern centrifugal separator will readily extract the fat from any and 
 all milk, it is in no way inferior for cream selling and butter making. Also, 
 if for any reasons it be necessary to increase the per cent, of fat in the milk. 
 
in order to reach any standard thoughtlessly' required by the laws of the 
 state, milk may be standardized to any per cent of fat by the use of any separator. 
 
 Owing to her large frame, her vigor and digestive powers, the Holstein- 
 Friesian cow is unequalled in the ability to convert farm roughage into money 
 value, and she belongs to that class of large cows which the Wisconsin Experi- 
 ment Station found, after years of experience, to be the most profitable for the 
 dairy farmer. She is of hardy constitution, not readily susceptible to tubercu- 
 losis and other bovine diseases, and will thrive under adverse circumstances to 
 which a smaller, weaker breed would succumb. Her calves come strong and 
 vigorous at birth, often weighing in excess of 100 pounds, and, owing to the 
 milk being especially fitted for m'aking the best animal growth, make the best 
 and most profitable veal. It is the special function of the Holstein-Friesian 
 cow to produce milk, and while in milk she can not be readily fattened as she 
 devotes all her surplus food to profitable milk production, yet when dry her 
 great assimilative, powers are still available, and enable her to take on flesh 
 rapidly, and so make excellent beef. 
 
 The time is fast approaching when even the Western farmer can not afford 
 to keep a cow mainly for the calf which she produces, as in such case the 
 handicap against beef production is too great. When a calf takes practically all 
 the milk its dam yields, it starts out in life with a mortgage upon it to the 
 value of the cost of keep of its dam for one year, and this debt, as well as 
 the cost of raising, must be repaid out of the selling price before there can be 
 any true profit in the beef. If the owner of such cows plan to milk them, 
 run the milk through a separator, sell the butter fat to a creamery and feed 
 the skim milk to the calves, he introduces the labor factor and finds himself 
 a full-fledged farmer-dairyman, with all the labor incident to dairying, and cows 
 that will hardly yield enough to pay for the extra work. Over and above all 
 labor and the cost of keep, the average Holstein-Friesian cow will show a nice 
 profit on the butter fat she produces, while the skim milk will not only rear 
 her own calf, but a couple of litters of pigs besides. 
 
 An ideal beef form has been created in the mind of the public, and a false 
 prejudice engendered against anything that does not agree in form with that 
 ideal. At. present this unjust prejudice militates against the dairy bred steer 
 on the hoof, even though he be as well reared as the beef steer, although when 
 it comes to the final show down at the block the difference between the two 
 is not great. .Rear a Holstein-Friesian steer as a shorthorn is reared, and he 
 will indeed be an expert judge who can distinguish the beef when it is placed 
 before him at the table; while repeated tests at the block have proved that the 
 percentage of choice cuts is nearly as large in the one case as in the other. 
 As an all-around breed, and the one approaching the nearest to the long 
 desired dual purpose animal, the Holstein-Friesian is unsurpassed. 
 
 Aside from the aesthetic point of view, the personal satisfaction one gets 
 out of the possession of fine stock, there is decided financial advantage in the 
 breeding of pure-bred Holstein-Friesian stock. It costs little more to keep than 
 does common or grade stock, and the returns on the labor invested and the food 
 consumed are so much greater in proportion that there is no comparison. 
 By the use of a good, pure-bred Holstein-Friesian bull, and the rearing of his 
 heifer calves from common or grade cows, one may be reasonably sure that 
 the calves so reared will so far surpass their dams in productive capacity that 
 
the excess will many times reimburse their owner for the cost of their sire, 
 to say nothing of the increased selling value of the cows themselves. But by 
 the use of pure-bred Holstein-Friesian dams also, the danger of failure in 
 producing a fine dairy animal almost vanishes, and one may be nearly certain 
 that every female dropped will not only prove valuable in the dairy, but that 
 she will also prove valuable as a producer of pure-bred dairy stock of both 
 sexes. For, aside from the milk product, there are two other sources of income 
 in the pure-bred Holstein-Friesian dairy, — one from the bull calves, the other 
 from the surplus female stock. There is a constant demand for good pure-bred 
 Holstein-Friesian bulls for the improvement of the common dairy herds of the 
 country by grading, and for the further improvement of grade herds by higher 
 grading; while anything especially good is sought by the breeders of pure-bred 
 stock. The less valuable surplus females find a welcome place with the farmer- 
 dairyman, the more valuable as foundation stock for new pure-bred herds, while 
 the best are eagerly sought by established breeders to strengthen their breed- 
 ing herds. 
 
 The system of Advanced Registry devised and establishe'd by the Holstein- 
 Friesian Association places all breeders on a par, rendering it very easy for 
 any breeder to establish the value of a pure-bred cow, just as the mile track 
 will establish the value of a trotting-bred horse, and the expense is very mod- 
 erate. The association not only charges nothing for the entry of such cow aind 
 her record in the Advanced Register, but to encourage the breeder in that 
 direction it pays out every year large sums of money in prizes, the chance for 
 the. winning of a prize being open to every owner of a Holstein-Friesian cow. 
 Neither do the State Agricultural Colleges make any charge for their oversight 
 in the matter of making these records, their only charge being for the time 
 and necessary expenses of their supervisor sent out to oversee the testing, and 
 as several cows may be under test at the same time, the expense per animal 
 may be made light. A little over three years ago the Holstein-Friesian Associa- 
 tion increased the efficiency of its system by the authorization of official records 
 to be begun not less than eight months after calving, and many breeders are 
 taking advantage of this plan to show the staying qualities of their cattle, the 
 results proving very satisfactory indeed. Prizes are awarded for the best records 
 made in the regular seven-day division, in the thirty-day division, and in the 
 eight-months division, and any breeder may win three prizes in each division, 
 or nine prizes in all. • 
 
 In a limited article of this kind, it is only possible to touch upon the more 
 salient points of the Holstein-Friesian breed, and I would refer interested 
 readers to the Holstein-Friesian Brown-Bbok, sent free by Secretary F. L. 
 Houghton, Brattleboro, Vt, for more detailed information.* But, to say nothing 
 of my experience as superintendent of Advanced Registry, from my own 
 individual experience with this grand dairy breed, extending over a period of 
 more than twenty years, during which time I was a breeder of these cattle, 
 I can affirm that, either as an all-around dairy breed or for any specialty in 
 dairying, when the returns from all sources are counted, I know of no breed 
 equal to the Holstein-Friesian ; while for veal and the supplying of good, healthy, 
 nutritious milk to cities and villages, there is no breed that can approach it. 
 
 *NoTS — Mr. Houghton can at present also furnish those interested with a copy 'of any of 
 the following circulars and pamphlets free of charge: "Condensed Report of the Twenty- 
 second Annual Meeting of the H.-F. Association of America," "H.-F. Charter and By-Laws 
 for 1907," "Introduction to Volume Eighteen of the H.-F. Advanced Register," "H.-F. Score 
 Card," "Instructions and Rules for Making Official Tests," "Value of a Pure Bred Sire, 
 "What Cows for Dairymen," "Choice of Cow's Milk," "Some Reasons for Preferring the 
 Milk of Holstein-Friesian Cows," "Vitality in Milk," and "The Good Qualities of Skim Milk." 
 
 The breed papers are "The Holstein-Friesian Register," and "The Holstein-Friesian 
 World." The former is published by Mr. F. L. Houghton, Brattleboro, Vt.; the latter by 
 Mr. C. G. Bown, Ithaca, N. Y. Mr. Houghton also publishes one volume yearly of the 
 "H.-F. Blue Book," and he is now engaged in the preparation of a second edition of his 
 work on Holstein-Friesian cattle. 
 
 10 
 
PART SECOND. 
 
 Extracts from Preface to Volume One of the Holstein-Friesian- 
 
 Advanced Register. 
 
 What will be its effect upon the general interests of the breed? This 
 naturally will be the first question in regard to this system. The answer as 
 naturally follows : If the publication of milk and butter records in fugitive 
 ways, in the past, has given a worthy reputation to the breed, how much more 
 should the substantiating and gathering together of such records add to that 
 reputation? The records of our grand cows are a common heritage, and no 
 friend of the breed can doubt the utility of gathering and preserving them 
 in some unquestioned form. In this work large and small owners have equal 
 opportunities. In public journals large advertisers take precedence. It would 
 seem that on the ground of common justice some work of this kind is needed 
 to awaken in all breeders equal incentives to improvement, and especially to 
 inspire smaller owners to join in further building up a reputation for the breed 
 in which all shall continue to feel a common pride. 
 
 The information gathered by this system in regard to the structure and 
 style of our noted cows must be of value to. all who are interested in improving 
 the breed. The means are here afforded of determining models, and of intelligently 
 seeking such combinations of breeding as will produce our ideals in form and 
 structure. Years will add especial value to this part of the work. _ The time is 
 coming when it will be regarded quite as important to trace peculiarities of struc- 
 ture and peculiarities of qualities in the lines of ancestry as to trace pedigree. 
 
 This system is also a slight offering to science. There is yet to be a science 
 of cattle selection and cattle breeding. But such a science can never be established 
 without a multitude of observations such as this system records. Finally, it may 
 be said that it is a step in the direction in which all progressive breeders and 
 thinkers upon cattle subjects are looking. It destroys no institution to take its 
 place. It is simply a step forward into an unoccupied field. 
 ^ pj' H , g^ HOXIE. 
 
 AAGGIE COBNTJCOPIA PAITIilNE 1933 A. R. O. 
 
 Official Records: Seven-day, 659.2 pounds milk, 37.459 lbs. fat; thirty-day, 2,640.3 pounds 
 
 milk, 110.093 pounds fat. 
 
 11 
 
HOW ANIMALS ARE QUALIFIED FOR ENTRY. 
 
 AS SET FORTH IN THE 
 
 RULES FOR ADVANCED REGISTRY. 
 
 RULE II. 
 
 Appointment of Inspectors and Supervisors. 
 
 BOARD of officers APPOINTS INSPECTORS. 
 
 The Board of Officers shall appoint one or more persons to be known as 
 Inspectors of Advanced Registry, whose duty it shall be to examine cattle for this 
 registry whenever the Superintendent may require. No person shall supervise 
 tests of, or examine cattle for this re^fistry, over which he has charge or in which 
 he has any pecuniary interest. 
 
 STATE AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES APPOINT SUPERVISORS. 
 
 The Board of Officers may authorize State Agricultural Colleges and Experi- 
 ment Stations to appoint properly qualified persons as Supervisors, to conduct 
 the tests of such cows as may be tested for this registry under their authority; 
 but the Superintendent of this Registry may, for cause, reject any such tests or 
 parts of the same. The expenses of making such tests, descriptions and measurer 
 ments shall in case of tests of cows be paid by the owner of the animal directly 
 to the State Institution appointing the Supervisor, and in cases of inspection to 
 such officer of this Association as the Board of Officers may direct. 
 
 The Scale of Points adopted by this Association shall be the standard by 
 which animals to be entered in this registry shall be judged. 
 
 RULE III. 
 
 Classification of Cattle. 
 
 For all purposes of this registry, the age of any bull shall be the actual 
 age at time of inspection; and the ages of all cows shall be computed as that 
 at the time of last calving or aborting prior to the beginning of the test, all cows 
 being classified as follows : — 
 
 All animals, calving under two and one-half years of age, in a class to be 
 known as the Junior Two-year Form, and numbered as Class 2. 
 
 All animals, calving between the ages of two and one-half and three years, 
 in a class to be known as the Senior Two-year Form, and numbered as Class Z'A. 
 
 All animals, calving between the ages of three and three and one-half years, 
 in a class to be known as the Junior Three-year Form, and numbered as Class 3. 
 
 All animals, calving between the ages of three and one-half and four years, 
 in a class to be known as the Senior Three-year Form, and numbered as 
 Class 3}4. 
 
 All animals, calving between the ages of four and four and one-half years, in 
 a class to be known as the Junior Four-year Form, and numbered as Class 4. 
 
 All animals, calving between the ages of four and one-half and five years, 
 in a class to be known as the Senior Four-year Form, and numbered as Class iVz. 
 
 All animals calving at or above the age of five years, in a class to be known 
 as the Full Age Form, and numbered as Class 5. 
 
 12 
 
RULE IV. 
 
 Eligibility of Bulls. 
 
 requirements foe entry and re-entry. 
 
 A bull to be eligible to Advanced Registry must be the sire of four or more 
 •daughters which have been admitted to this registry on officially authenticated 
 butter fat records. Whenever any bull shall have four or more such daughters, 
 the Superinterylent of Advanced Registry shall, without formal application, enter 
 such bull in the Advanced Register ; and such bull shall be classified as Advanced 
 Registry Standard, which classification shall be indicated by. the initial letters 
 A. R. S. The Superintendent shall make a re-entry of any such bull, whenever 
 four or more additional daughters have been admitted to this registry. Any such 
 bull may, if" his owner so desire, be examined and described by any regularly 
 appointed Inspector; and, if it meet the requirements, such description may be 
 entered in the Advanced Register at the time of any entry or re-entry of such bull. 
 
 REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTRY OF RE-ENTRY WITH DESCRIPTION. 
 
 If the entry include description, the following particulars shall be given, 
 namely: name; number in herd book; age at time of examination; general form; 
 •description of head, neck, chine, loin and hips, rump, escutcheon, mammary veins, 
 teats, handling; the secretions of the skin; the general vigor; general symmetry, 
 and general style or bearing. Such report may also give accurate measurements 
 of height of shoulders, height of hips, length of body, length from hook bones 
 to point of rump, width of hips at the hock bones, width at the thurl bones, and 
 girth of chest at its smallest circumference; also the condition and weight of 
 the animal, and the date when the weight was taken. Such reports shall be 
 -uniformly made, in accordance with the directions and in the use of such terms 
 in their technical meanings as the Scale of Points may prescribe. A bull to be 
 eligible to entry with description must scale at least eighty points of the official 
 Scale of Points, and must weigh not less than 1,800 pounds in live weight. 
 
 RULE V. 
 Eligibility of Cows. 
 
 Provided she meet certain requirements in butter fat production, hereinafter 
 specified, a cow may. be entered in the Advanced Register without examination 
 and description; and only such cows as shall exceed, by not less than 50%, 
 the minimum requirements in butter fat for the age shall be entitled to be entered 
 with description. 
 
 If the entry include description, the cow must be examined by a regularly 
 appointed Inspector, and be reported by him as worthy of such entry. In the 
 report the specifications mentioned in Rule IV shall be given; and, in addition 
 thereto, descriptions of udder and quarters of udder. She must scale at least 
 seventy-five points of the official Scale of Points, and be deemed capable of 
 reaching at full age, in milking condition and ordinary flesh, one thousand pounds 
 in live weight. 
 
 Only such cows as have made officially authenticated butter fat records, not 
 less in amount than the minimum requirements for the age, as hereinafter 
 specified, shall be eligible to advanced registry; and such cows, when admitted, 
 shall be classified as Advanced Registry Official, which classification shall be 
 
 13 
 
indicated by the initial letters A. R. O. All other cows, which may have been 
 admitted to advanced registry on private records made under past rules, shall 
 be classified as Advanced Registry, which classification shall be indicated by the 
 initial letters A. R. 
 
 RULE VI. 
 
 Butter Fat Records — Requirements for Entry in the Several Forms. 
 
 junior two-year form. 
 
 A cow, calving on or before the day she is two years of age, shall make a 
 record of not less than 7.2 pounds butter-fat in seven consecutive days ; and for 
 
 SEGIS AAGGIE DB KOL. BEETS 4475 A. R. O. 
 
 Official Records: Seven-day, 607.2 pounds milk, 25.645 pounds fat; thirty-day, 2,617.4 
 pounds milk, 100.215 pounds fat. 
 
 every day that she may exceed two years of age at date of calving in the Junior 
 Two-year Form, the requirements for the butter-fat record shall be increased 
 .00439 of a pound. 
 
 SENIOR TWO-YEAR FORM. 
 
 If calving on the day she is two and one-half years of age, she shall make a 
 record of not less than 8 pounds butter-fat in seven consecutive days; and 
 for every day that, she may exceed two and one-half years of age at date of 
 calving in the Senior Two-year Form, the increased requirements per day shall 
 be the same as in the Junior Two-year Form. 
 
 14 
 
JUNIOR THREE-YEAR FORM. 
 
 If calving on the day she is three years of age, she shall make a record of 
 not less than 8.8 pounds butter-fat in seven consecutive days and for every day 
 that she may exceed three years of age at date of calving in the Junior Three- 
 year Form, the increased requirements per day shall be the same as in the pre- 
 ceding forms. 
 
 SENIOR THREE-YEAR FORM. 
 
 If calving on the day she is three and one-half years of age, she shall make a 
 record of not less than 9.6 pounds butter- fat in seven consecutive days ; and for 
 every day that she may exceed three and one-half years of age at date of calving 
 in the Senior Three-year Form, the increased requirements per day shall be the 
 same as in preceding forms. 
 
 JUNIOR FOUR-YEAR FORM. 
 
 If calving on the day she is four years of age, she shall make a record of 
 not -less than 10.4 pounds butter-fat in seven consecutive days; and for every 
 day that she may exceed four years of age at date of calving in the Junior Four- 
 year Form, the increased requirements per day shall be the same as in preceding 
 form?. 
 
 SENIOR POUR-YEAR FORM. 
 
 If calving on the day she is four and one-half years of age, she shall make a 
 record of not less than 11.2 pounds butter-fat in seven consecutive days ; and for 
 «very day that she may exceed four and one-half years of age at date of calving in 
 the Senior Four-year Form, the increased requirements per day shall be the same 
 as in preceding forms. 
 
 FULL AGE FORM. 
 
 If calving on the day she is five years of age, she shall make a record of 
 not less than 12 pounds butter-fat in seven consecutive days; and no increase 
 in production for increased age at date of calving shall be required for any cow 
 calving in the Full Age Form. 
 
 How Official Records Are Made. — Special Rules. 
 
 HOW SUPERVISED. 
 
 1. Such a record shall be for a period of seven or more consecutive days, 
 and be made under the supervision of an officer or assistant of an Agricultural 
 College or Experiment Station, or by some person whose integrity and ability 
 is vouched for by the Director, Professor of Dairy Husbandry or of Animal 
 Industry, or by such other officer of that institution as shall be placed in charge 
 of tests of dairy cows ; and if such record, during any period of seven consecutive 
 days, meet the requirements therefor, it shall be entered in the Advanced Register. 
 
 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES MAY TEST THEIR OWN COWS. 
 
 Subject to all the conditions imposed by the Rules of this Association, State 
 Agricultural Colleges may supervise the records made by cows in their own herds ; 
 "but no record made by any cow owned by such an institution, that is made under 
 the supervision of its own officers, shall be eligible to compete for any prize that 
 may be offered by this Association. 
 
 15 
 
WHEN A TEST MAY BEGIN. 
 
 2. At least four days shall elapse, after a cow drops her calf, before an 
 official test shall begin. The calendar day on which the calf is dropped may be 
 counted as the first day, and the record may be begun on the morning of the 
 fifth day following. 
 
 THOROUGH IDENTIFICATION OF THE COW. 
 
 3. Before the test is started, the cow shall be registered in the Herd Book 
 of the Holstein-Friesian Association of America, or proper application for such 
 registry should have been made. If registered, the Supervisor of the test shall 
 satisfy himself that the cow answers the description as to color markings given 
 in the Certificate of Registry, or diagrams of color markings placed thereon. If 
 the color markings of the animal do not agree with those on the Certificate or 
 with the description therein, or for any reason the Certificate of Registry is not 
 at hand for comparison, the Supervisor shall make diagrams of the color mark- 
 ings of the cow, and shall attach the same to his detailed report of her test sent 
 to the Superintendent of Advanced Registry. No such report shall be entered 
 by the Superintendent in the Advanced Register, until such time as the owner 
 of the cow tested shall lay before him a Certificate of Registry agreeing as to 
 color markings with those of the diagrams , attached to the report of that cow 
 by the Supervisor of her test. 
 
 CONDUCT OF THE TEST. 
 
 4. The Supervisor of a test shall see the cow milked dry at its commence- 
 ment, shall make a note of the exact time at which he pronounced the cow dry, 
 and shall be present thereafter at each milking until the record is completed; 
 and the final milking of the test shall not extend beyond the same time of the 
 day as that at which the cow was pronounced dry. It is recommended that, as 
 a rule, no Supervisor shall, at one time, have charge of more than six cows in 
 test; and under no circumstances may more cows than one undergoing test be 
 milked at the same time. The Supervisor shall determine the weight of each 
 milking and its average per cent of fat separately ; making all determinations of 
 fat in duplicate and entering on his report the average of the two determinations 
 so obtained. At the close of the test he shall send to his station a composite test 
 sample, to which each and every milking of the test shall have proportionately 
 contributed, as a check upon his work; and he shall make a detailed report of 
 the test over his signature and affidavit, which report shall be sent to the Super- 
 intendent of Advanced Registry as soon as possible, but within thirty days, after 
 the completion of the record. 
 
 REPORTING TESTS AND CONCERNING RE-TESTS. 
 
 5. Immediately after the completion of any test, the owner, or Supervisor, 
 shall report to the Superintendent of Advanced Registry the name and herd book 
 number of the cow, date of last calving or aborting, age of the cow at that time, 
 and the amount of milk and butter fat of the record. Upon the receipt of this 
 preliminary report, if the Superintendent decides that it is important to have a 
 further test made, he is authorized to provide for a re-test of such length of time 
 as he may deem advisable, and to see that the same is properly conducted; notify- 
 ing the owner that the cow is to be so tested. If not satisfied with the accuracy 
 of the first test, the Superintendent is authorized to reject it entirely after a 
 
 16 
 
re-test, and the expenses of such re-test shall be borne by the owner of the cow; 
 but if the Superintendent is satisfied of its correctness, the expenses shall be borne 
 by the Association. 
 
 AWARDING OF PRIZES. 
 
 6. No herd shall be awarded, within any official year, more than three of 
 the classified prizes in any one prize division; these shall be those which will 
 aggregate the largest sum to the owner — prizes in classes for older cows taking 
 precedence. 
 
 MAKING RECORDS PUBLIC. 
 
 7. The records may be made public at any time by the owner of the cows, 
 by the Superintendent of Advanced Registry or by the Secretary of the Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 PIETJE 22D 4727 A. R. O. 
 
 Official Records: Seven-day, 673.9 pounds milk, 25.295 pounds fat; thirty-day, 2,776.4 pounds 
 
 milk, 102.700 pounds fat; sixty-day, 4,706.8 pounds milk, 164.659 pounds 
 
 fat; 120-day, 9,287.5 pounds milk, 318.300 pounds fat; 182iX-day 
 
 (six months), 13,673.9 pounds milk, 453.345 pounds fat. 
 
 DECISIONS OF SUPERINTENDENT FINAL. 
 
 8. All matters not covered by these rules, as to the making and reporting 
 officially authenticated milk and butter-fat records, shall be directed by the 
 Superintendent of Advanced Registry, and his decision shall be final. 
 
 As TO THE Reporting of Records for Entry. 
 
 In the reporting of each record, the name and herd book number of the cow 
 shall be given, the date of her birth, the date of last calving or aborting, the date 
 of commencement of record, the date of close of record, and the number ofr 
 pounds of milk and butter-fat produced. 
 
 17 
 
Each record shall be sworn to by each and every person assisting in the 
 making of it, including in every case the owner of the cow; and such affidavits 
 shall be in the form prescribed by the Superintendent of Advanced, Registry on 
 blanks furnished by him therefor. 
 
 RULE VIII. 
 
 Re-Entry of Cows Making Additional Records.— Entry of Dead Cows. 
 
 Any record of milk and butter-fat, made by any cow living or dead, equal 
 to or exceeding the requirements for like ages, may be recorded in the Advanced 
 Register, provided the Rules of the Association have been complied with in the 
 making of such records, and such records be approved by the Superintendent; 
 and if the cow be already entered in this registry, the entry of such additional 
 record shall constitute a re-entry. 
 
 RULE IX. 
 
 Pedigrees to be Entered in Bracketed Form. 
 
 In the making of entries in the Advanced Register, pedigrees shall be entered 
 in bracketed form, but shall not extend beyond the third generation; and the 
 names of the ancestors mentioned which have been received to advanced registry, 
 with their numbers and the more important milk and butter fat records of the 
 dams, as determined by the Superintendent, together with the names and herd 
 book numbers of other ancestors mentioned, shall constitute a part of the entry. 
 
 A Sample Entry. 
 
 NO. 6646 A. R. O.* DAISY BURKE DE KOL BEETS 78499. 
 
 At a y. 5 m. 14 d., 16.176 lbs. butter fat. 
 
 (De Kol ad's Paul De Kol 107 A. R. S. 
 
 SIRB, Paul Beets De Kol 113 A. R. S j Jessie Beets 1130 A. R. O. At 6 v. 8 m. 20 
 
 ( d., 15.445 lbs. fat. 
 
 DAM, Daisy Blirke De Kol 8935 A. R. O. P^"'^ ^""^''^ Sd's.De Kol 23596. 
 
 At 8 y. fi m. 38 d., 15.261 lbs. fat. I „,. ,. „,, ,t ..u i j t^ • .„»,„ 
 
 ' ( Wielmga 2d s Netherland Daisy 43240. 
 
 Owned by H. A. Moyer, Syracuse, N. Y. Born Nov. 11, 1904. 
 
 Record: Calved April 25, 1907, aged 2 y. 5 m. 14 d. ; began record May 5, 
 1907 ; 7 days' production 16.176 lbs. butter fat from 406.1 lbs. milk. 
 Attested by C. B. Dunlop, Cornell Univ. Agl. Exp. Station. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ADVANCED REGISTRY. 
 
 . H.— Holstein Herd Book; D. P.— Dutch Friesian Herd Book; H. F.— 
 Holstein-Friesian Herd Book; A. R.— Advanced Register; A. R. O.— Advanced 
 Registry Official (used for cows having made official records) ; A. R. S.— 
 Advanced Registry Standard (used for bulls having four or more daughters 
 which have made official records). 
 
 *Last number entered in 18th volume of Advanced Register. 
 
 18 
 
SOME RESULTS ATTAINED 
 
 In Official Testing of Holstein-Friesian Cows for Milk and Fat 
 to November 1, 1907. 
 
 Twenty-Five Leading Cows in the 30-Day and 7-Day Divisions. 
 SO-DAT RECORDS. 
 
 Name and A. R. Number of Cow. 
 
 H. B. 
 
 No. 
 
 Age at time 
 
 of 
 
 CalTmg 
 
 Pounds 
 
 of 
 
 Milk 
 
 Colantha 4tli's Johanna 1849 
 
 Aaggle Cornucopia Pauline 1933 
 
 Pletje 22d I 4^7 
 
 Pontiae Bag Apple 3446 
 
 Jessie Maida J.686 
 
 Segls Aaggle De Kol Beets 4475 
 
 Sadie Vale Concordia 1124 
 
 Vander Lei Superb 2d 4313 
 
 Ybma 3d's Pledge Clothllde 2791 
 
 Duchess Piebe De Kol 2S53 
 
 Alcartra Polkadot 1988 
 
 Grace Fayne 2d's Homestead 4422 
 
 A. & G. Inka McKinley 3178 
 
 Daisy Sindt Mechthllde 2860 
 
 Blanche Lyons De Kol _ 4571 
 
 Pontlac Calypso 3428 
 
 Pontiae Lunde Hengerveld. 
 Aaggle Topsy De Kol 
 
 Mercena 2d- 
 
 .2310 
 
 May Hartog Pauline De Kol. 
 Winnie Wartena Netherland. 
 
 .2607 
 .1656 
 .2931 
 
 Lady Ormsby 3714 
 
 Fay Hengerreld De Kol 4965 
 
 Beauty Pietertje , 4144 
 
 White Daisy Pietertje 6642 
 
 48577 
 48426 
 70884 
 
 48805 
 57416 
 32259 
 76137 
 51890 
 52348 
 50798 
 
 55163 
 53283 
 60549 
 61100 
 51585 
 54997 
 62122 
 45124 
 37630 
 64352 
 60552 
 53334 
 41826 
 
 8 
 4 
 7 
 4 
 8 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 7 
 7 
 6 
 4 
 6 
 7 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 4 
 
 10 
 5 
 5 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 1 19 
 
 11 4 
 
 7 18 
 
 8 13 
 
 9 11 
 
 11 13 
 13 
 
 10 28 
 
 4 24 
 
 11 8 
 7 7 
 2 4 
 
 5 
 4 1 
 7 17 
 
 2,873.6 
 2,640.3 
 2,776.4 
 2,574.6 
 2,677.3 
 2,617.4 
 2,752.6 
 2,852.6 
 2,629.3 
 2,518.5 
 2,605.0 
 2,334.2 
 2,685.0 
 2,608.1 
 2,632.4 
 2,393.4 
 2,405.2 
 2,200.8 
 2,329.5 
 2,552.5 
 2,331.0 
 1,938.0 
 2,178.1 
 2,649.1 
 2,410.8 
 
 At. Per 
 Cent. 
 
 3.86 
 4.17 
 3.70 
 3.93 
 3.77 
 3.83 
 3.59 
 3.42 
 3.69 
 3.83 
 3.69 
 4.09 
 3.52 
 3.74 
 3.56 
 3.86 
 3.82 
 4.14 
 3.89 
 3.51 
 3.81 
 4.51 
 4.01 
 3.29 
 3.57 
 
 Pounds 
 
 of 
 
 Butter-fat 
 
 110.833 
 110.093 
 102.700 
 101.246 
 100.987 
 100.215 
 98.937 
 97.389 
 97.073 
 96.469 
 96.130 
 95.376 
 94.613 
 93.896 
 93.825 
 93.336 
 91.857 
 91.169 
 90.666 
 89.637 
 88.709 
 87.380 
 87.243 
 87.025 
 86.044 
 
 7-DAT RECORDS. 
 
 Colantha 4th's Johanna. 
 
 Aaggle Cornucopia Pauline. 
 
 .1849 
 .1933 
 
 _ I Aaggle De Kol Beets 4475 
 
 Pletje 22d 4727 
 
 Pontlac Rag Apple 3446 
 
 Jessie Malda. 
 
 .1124 
 
 Sadie Vale Concordia. 
 
 Tbma 3d's Pledge Olothilde 2791 
 
 Aaggle Topsy De Kol , 2310 
 
 Vander L?l Superb 2d_- 4313 
 
 Blanche Lyons De Kol 4571 
 
 Duchess Plebe De Kol 2353 
 
 Mercedes JuUp's Pietertje 2166 
 
 May Hartog Pauline De Kol— 1656 
 
 Changeling 4864 
 
 Grace Fayne 2d's Homestead 4422 
 
 Alcartra Polkadot 1988 
 
 A. & G. Inka McKinley 3178 
 
 Pontlac Calypso 3428 
 
 Pontlac Lunde Hengerveld 3668 
 
 Tidy Abbekerk De Kol 2758 
 
 Abby Hartog Clothllde 4143 
 
 Daisy Sindt Mechthllde 2860 
 
 Llllth Pauline De Kol 1415 
 
 De Kol Creamelle 3494 
 
 48577 
 48426 
 57416 
 70884 
 56980 
 48805 
 
 51890 
 54997 
 76137 
 60549 
 52348 
 39480 
 45124 
 57628 
 68828 
 50798 
 55163 
 61100 
 51585 
 
 62154 
 53283 
 43434 
 59158 
 
 1 19 
 
 651.7 
 
 4.32 
 
 11 4 
 
 659.2 
 
 4.17 
 
 9 2 
 
 607.2 
 
 4.22 
 
 7 18 
 
 673.9 
 
 3.75 
 
 8 13 
 
 619.5 
 
 4.08 
 
 9 11 
 
 664.7 
 
 3.73 
 
 2 24 
 
 694.3 
 
 3.53 
 
 6 8 
 
 643.9 
 
 3.77 
 
 10 28 
 
 545.8 
 
 4.32 
 
 2 15 
 
 669.8 
 
 3.53 
 
 1 4 
 
 654.8 
 
 3.60 
 
 4 29 
 
 648.5 
 
 3.63 
 
 22 
 
 584.0 
 
 4.02 
 
 11 8 
 
 633.2 
 
 3.70 
 
 6 12 
 
 663.9 
 
 3.52 
 
 13 
 
 566.3 
 
 4.12 
 
 11 13 
 
 597.1 
 
 3.90 
 
 5 13 
 
 612.6 
 
 3.73 
 
 2 24 
 
 560.3 
 
 4.06 
 
 4 
 
 559.8 
 
 4.06 
 
 4 15 
 
 620.6 
 
 3.65 
 
 2 1 
 
 518.4 
 
 4.37 
 
 1 24 
 
 590.7 
 
 3.83 
 
 3 12 
 
 653.4 
 
 3.46 
 
 2 10 
 
 654.3 
 
 3.44 
 
 28.176 
 27.459 
 25.645 
 25.295 
 25.294 
 24.811 
 24.508 
 24.302 
 23.659 
 23.625 
 23.566 
 23.520 
 23.487 
 23.417 
 23.383 
 23.329 
 23.268 
 22.880 
 22.743 
 22.730 
 22.678 
 22.663 
 22.631 
 22.589 
 22.505 
 
 19 
 
Twenty-Five Leading Holstein-Friesian Cows and Heifers, by Classes, in 
 
 the 7-Day Division. 
 
 FULL AGED COWS- (CLASS 5). 
 
 Name and A. R. Number o( Cow. 
 
 H. B. 
 
 No. 
 
 Age at time 
 
 of 
 
 Calving 
 
 Pounds 
 
 of 
 
 Mills 
 
 Av.Per 
 Cent. 
 
 Pounds 
 
 of 
 
 Butter-fat 
 
 Colantha 4th's Johanna 1S49 
 
 Segls Aaggie De Kol Beets 4475 
 
 Pietje 22d 4727 
 
 Jessie Maida 1GS6 
 
 Sadie Vale Concordia 1124 
 
 Ybma 3d's Pledge Clothilde 2791 
 
 Aaggie Topsy De Kol 2310 
 
 Vander Lei Superb 2d 4313 
 
 Blanche Lyons De Kol 4571 
 
 Duchess Piebe De Kol 2353 
 
 Mercedes Julip's Pietertje _2166 
 
 ■Changeling 4864 
 
 Alcartra Pollsadot 1988 
 
 A. & G. Inka McKlnley 3178 
 
 Pontiac Calypso 3428 
 
 Pontiac Lunde Hengerveld 3668 
 
 Tidy Abbekerk De Kol 2758 
 
 Abby Hartog Clothilde 4143 
 
 Daisy Sindt Mechthilde 2860 
 
 De Kol Creamelle 3494 
 
 Segis Inka 1376 
 
 Beryl Wayne 1177 
 
 Lady Ormsby ■1714 
 
 lanthe Jewel Mechthilde 2ii05 
 
 Aaggie Tehee De Kol 5393 
 
 48577 
 57416 
 70884 
 48805 
 32259 
 51890 
 54997 
 76137 
 60549 
 52348 
 39480 
 57628 
 50798 
 55163 
 61100 
 51585 
 60965 
 62154 
 53283 
 59158 
 36617 
 32496 
 64352 
 49349 
 52809 
 
 10 28 
 2 15 
 1 4 
 4 29 
 22 
 6 12 
 
 11 13 
 
 10 12 
 
 2 4 
 
 27 
 
 9 13 
 
 651.7 
 607.2 
 673.9 
 664.7 
 694.3 
 643.9 
 545.8 
 669.8 
 654.8 
 648.5 
 584.0 
 663.9 
 597.1 
 612.6 
 560.3 
 559.8 
 620.6 
 518.4 
 590.7 
 654.3 
 578.2 
 608.1 
 424.2 
 503.0 
 545.1 
 
 4.32 
 4.22 
 3.75 
 3.73 
 3.53 
 3.77 
 4.32 
 3.53 
 3.60 
 3.63 
 4.02 
 3.52 
 3.90 
 3.73 
 4.06 
 4.06 
 3.65 
 4.37 
 3.83 
 3.44 
 3.88 
 3.67 
 5.25 
 4.40 
 4.06 
 
 28.176 
 25.645 
 25.295 
 24.811 
 24.508 
 24.302 
 23.659 
 23.625 
 23.566 
 23.520 
 23.487 
 23.383 
 23.268 
 22.880 
 22.743 
 22.730 
 22.678 
 22.663 
 22.631 
 22.505 
 22.4.30 
 22.298 
 22.262 
 22.117 
 22.114 
 
 SENIOR FOUR-YEAR-OLDS (CLASS 4%). 
 
 Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline 1933 
 
 Pontiac Rag Apple 3446 
 
 May Hartog Pauline De Kol 1656 
 
 Aaggie Tehee 3d's Pauline 4511 
 
 Pontiac Darkness 4578 
 
 Minnie Hark 3338 
 
 Milly Netherland De Kol 4584 
 
 Jessie Maida 1686 
 
 Rowena Maid 2d's B 2772 
 
 Tulip Pietertje Inka De Kol 1881 
 
 Winana Pietertje De Kol 1981 
 
 Aaltje Salo Brna 3016 
 
 Inka Clothilde 1894 
 
 De Kol Mechthilde Longfield._i 3849 
 
 Fidessa 2485 
 
 Edith Pauline De Kol Korndyke 6473 
 
 Aaggie Wing De Kol 2756 
 
 Aaggie Topsy De Kol 2310 
 
 ■QuoQue Mooie 2943 
 
 Belle Empress 4th 4080 
 
 Witra 2d 2857 
 
 Johanna De Kol 2d 1447 
 
 Duchess Aaggie De Kol 2693 
 
 Piebe De Kol Beauty 3354 
 
 Kirtle S. 2d's Consolation 46 
 
 48426 
 56980 
 45124 
 64004 
 65765 
 58274 
 55680 
 48805 
 50163 
 51819 
 50734 
 53933 
 50275 
 53917 
 43105 
 60485 
 58103 
 54997 
 64023 
 55016 
 50162 
 42168 
 52408 
 51081 
 62685 
 
 11 4 
 
 659.2 
 
 4.17 
 
 8 13 
 
 619.5 
 
 4.08 
 
 11 8 
 
 633.2 
 
 3.70 
 
 11 20 
 
 571.1 
 
 3.83 
 
 9 14 
 
 523.4 
 
 4.03 
 
 11 21 
 
 523.9 
 
 3.98 
 
 11 22 
 
 458.1 
 
 4.52 
 
 8 1 
 
 594.1 
 
 3.47 
 
 11 29 
 
 547.6 
 
 3.74 
 
 11 22 
 
 484.3 
 
 4.22 
 
 9 29 
 
 576.5 
 
 3.54 
 
 9 26 
 
 566.2 
 
 3.58 
 
 8 8 
 
 526.6 
 
 3.84 
 
 7 6 
 
 493.2 
 
 4.09 
 
 11 18 
 
 570.7 
 
 3.51 
 
 9 15 
 
 485.3 
 
 4.06 
 
 11 14 
 
 484.8 
 
 4.07 
 
 10 20 
 
 574.8 
 
 3.43 
 
 9 2 
 
 563.9 
 
 3.48 
 
 8 12 
 
 434.7 
 
 4.47 
 
 9 20 
 
 543.0 
 
 3.57 
 
 10 11 
 
 523.7 
 
 3.67 
 
 11 18 
 
 482.7 
 
 3.98 
 
 8 22 
 
 544.1 
 
 3.53 
 
 9 14 
 
 550.9 
 
 3.47 
 
 27.459 
 25.294 
 23.417 
 21.892 
 21.117 
 20.826 
 20.723 
 20.611 
 20.495 
 20.441 
 20.436 
 20.286 
 20.213 
 20.154 
 20.032 
 19.727 
 19.714 
 19.701 
 19.621 
 19.439 
 19.383 
 19.229 
 19.229 
 19.191 
 19.089 
 
 JUXIOR FOUR-YEAR-OLDS (CLASS 4). 
 
 Orace Payne 2d's Homestead 4422 
 
 Lilith Pauline De Kol 1415 
 
 Isabella Clothilde Walker 6260 
 
 Mercena 2d 2607 
 
 Alcartra Polkadot 1988 
 
 Bessie Hamilton 2d 4824 
 
 Aaggie Grace 2d's Pietertje 2d 3497 
 
 Sara Jewel Hengerveld 3036 
 
 Pontiac Cohimbo 3903 
 
 Pontiac Artis 3865 
 
 Oak De Kol 2d 3797 
 
 Pontiac Detry 5674 
 
 De Kol 2d's Pauline 1146 
 
 Nicolo Wayne De Kol Hartog 5481 
 
 43434 
 64855 
 62122 
 50798 
 75496 
 54495 
 55841 
 61111 
 61114 
 66793 
 60618 
 30712 
 65428 
 
 24 
 
 2 17 
 
 566.3 
 
 4.12 
 
 653.4 
 
 3.46 
 
 564.0 
 
 3.82 
 
 554.2 
 
 3.80 
 
 494.2 
 
 4.09 
 
 472.5 
 
 4.23 
 
 580.3 
 
 3.43 
 
 583.2 
 
 3.39 
 
 491.2 
 
 4.02 
 
 533.3 
 
 3.68 
 
 580.9 
 
 3.38 
 
 484.8 
 
 3.99 
 
 443.1 
 
 4.36 
 
 505.0 
 
 3.84 
 
 23.329 
 22.589 
 21.524 
 21.078 
 20.222 
 19.972 
 19.908 
 19.792 
 19.766 
 19.668 
 19.655 
 19.332 
 19.319 
 19.319 
 
 20 
 
JUNIOR FOUR-YEAR-OLDS (CLASS 4). 
 
 Name and A. R. Number of Cow. 
 
 Age at time 
 
 of 
 
 Calving 
 
 Pounds 
 
 of 
 
 Miik 
 
 Av.Per 
 
 Cent. 
 
 585.1 
 
 3.28 
 
 401.2 
 
 4.70 
 
 454.9 
 
 4.10 
 
 545.9 
 
 3.41 
 
 524.8 
 
 3.54 
 
 509.9 
 
 3.63 
 
 509.2 
 
 3.64 
 
 526.4 
 
 3.50 
 
 523.3 
 
 3.51 
 
 526.0 
 
 3.49 
 
 451.0 
 
 4.06 
 
 Pounds 
 of 
 
 Butter-fat 
 
 •Cleopatra Gelselie 33T9 
 
 Aaggie Vale 4179 
 
 Pontiac Pauline Hesseltje 3665 
 
 Johanna Queen Meclithilde 3805 
 
 Allle Mona De Kol 5168 
 
 Calamity Pietertje De Kol 3996 
 
 Daisy Sindt Meehthilde 2860 
 
 Segis Inka McKlnley 6031 
 
 Dora Cornucopia De Kol 4794 
 
 Euby De Kol Burke 4214 
 
 Ninetta Butter Girl 4052 
 
 61510 
 68770 
 61109 
 67290 
 62065 
 61633 
 53283 
 62411 
 64307 
 65426 
 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4 
 4. 
 
 19.229 
 18.862 
 18.662 
 18.632 
 18.568 
 18.530 
 18.519 
 18.427 
 18.369 
 18.367 
 18.317 
 
 SENIOR THREE- YEAR-OLDS (CLASS 31/2), 
 
 Copia Hengerveld 3d 4688 
 
 Aaggie Cornucopia Pauline 1933 
 
 Betta Lyons Netherland 4746 
 
 Pontiac Rag Apple 3446 
 
 A. & G. Burke Segis Inka 4290 
 
 Maid Mutual De Kol 3431 
 
 Winana Pietertje De Kol 2d 5410 
 
 Minnie Hark 3338 
 
 May Hartog Pauline De Kol 1656 
 
 Pontiac Calypso 3428 
 
 De Kol Douglas 2055 
 
 Pontiac Soldene 4599 
 
 Gracia Ward 2d 3062 
 
 Ida Lyons 2a 4451 
 
 Eowena Maid 2d's B 2772 
 
 Calamity Spofford 4198 
 
 Johanna Hengerveld Pledge 6194 
 
 Pontiac Agnes 3960 
 
 Pontiac Clothilde 3541 
 
 Homestead Cradock De Kol 1999 
 
 Aaggie Topsy De Kol ^10 
 
 Gracia Ward — '. 2323 
 
 Lady Jessie Aaggie De Kol 4265 
 
 Susie De Kol Pafil 2771 
 
 QuoQue Clothilde Beets 4429 
 
 48426 
 69247 
 
 65480 
 60210 
 
 58274 
 45124 
 61100 
 50667 
 65759 
 58645 
 68516 
 50163 
 64914 
 
 65756 
 
 49460 
 54997 
 49517 
 69209 
 56446 
 62395 
 
 7 21 
 
 527.4 
 
 4.17 
 
 11 9 
 
 599.2 
 
 3.66 
 
 7 29 
 
 599.9 
 
 3.52 
 
 8 4 
 
 558.6 
 
 3.76 
 
 11 7 
 
 519.5 
 
 4.02 
 
 9 25 
 
 588.8 
 
 3.46 
 
 9 6 
 
 593.3 
 
 3.28 
 
 11 7 
 
 450.4 
 
 4.30 
 
 11 21 
 
 524.9 
 
 3.59 
 
 9 27 
 
 413.4 
 
 4.55 
 
 11 28 
 
 480.8 
 
 3.90 
 
 10 2 
 
 573.1 
 
 3.24 
 
 9 8 
 
 551.9 
 
 3.34 
 
 10 5 
 
 544.9 
 
 3.38 
 
 10 
 
 577.7 
 
 3.19 
 
 11 29 
 
 463.3 
 
 3.94 
 
 10 28 
 
 509.9 
 
 3.58 
 
 6 21 
 
 498.3 
 
 3.65 
 
 6 5 
 
 433.7 
 
 4.14 
 
 9 23 
 
 476.8 
 
 3.75 
 
 9 28 
 
 479.0 
 
 3.70 
 
 9 24 
 
 508.6 
 
 3.47 
 
 9 26 
 
 537.9 
 
 3.26 
 
 6 3 
 
 514.6 
 
 3.40 
 
 8 25 
 
 596.1 
 
 2.92 
 
 22.012 
 21.953 
 21.096 
 20.993 
 20.902 
 20.406 
 19.468 
 19.359 
 18.830 
 18.805 
 18.732 
 18.564 
 18.431 
 18.411 
 18.404 
 18.273 
 18.272 
 18.198 
 17.945 
 17.881 
 17.717 
 17.655 
 17.532 
 17.515 
 17.415 
 
 JUNIOR THREE-YEAR-OLDS (CLASS 3). 
 
 Katy Spofford Corona 1738 
 
 Pontiac Ambrosia Jo™ 
 
 Lilith Pauline De Kol — 1415 
 
 Aaggie Grace 2d's Pietertje 2d 3497 
 
 Daisy Pietertje Hartog 2d 5098 
 
 Blanche Lyons Hengerveld 3828 
 
 Aaggie Lily Pietertje Paul 5392 
 
 Tidy Pauline De Kol 2d 5343 
 
 A. & G. Inka McKlnley 3178 
 
 Eva De Kol Burke 5075 
 
 Daisy De Kol of Whittaker gll 
 
 Pontiac Clothilde De Kol 2d 5279 
 
 De Natsey Baker 2505 
 
 Mutual Friend. 3d 1119 
 
 Florence Netherland Pietertje 4804 
 
 Pontiac Artis ggog 
 
 De Kol Witkop Wayne 2d — -?SIS 
 
 Alcartra Polkadot 1?SS 
 
 Mildred Walker *!« 
 
 Ophelia Queen Lill De Kol 8153 
 
 Lady Xlastine Colantha 5223 
 
 Lilly Belle Walker 3378 
 
 Jane De Kol Manor Beets 2984 
 
 Janie Netherland De Kol 355g 
 
 Calamity Pietertje De Kol 3996 
 
 50663 
 61103 
 43434 
 54495 
 71501 
 65285 
 74073 
 
 55163 
 74101 
 61257 
 69991 
 55471 
 28389 
 71955 
 61114 
 58709 
 50798 
 66239 
 72110 
 71054 
 61511 
 
 63981 
 61633 
 
 1 6 
 
 590.7 
 
 3.53 
 
 3 4 
 
 - 524.9 
 
 3.80 
 
 2 26 
 
 569.4 
 
 3.44 
 
 5 10 
 
 573.2 
 
 3.40 
 
 14 
 
 456.2 
 
 4.22 
 
 1 9 
 
 574.3 
 
 3.31 
 
 3 4 
 
 441.1 
 
 4.25 
 
 4 12 
 
 523.6 
 
 3.50 
 
 3 6 
 
 514.2 
 
 3.56 
 
 1 12 
 
 477.1 
 
 3.78 
 
 4 18 
 
 439.1 
 
 4.05 
 
 1 7 
 
 516.7 
 
 3.42 
 
 9 
 
 523.6 
 
 3.36 
 
 2 24 
 
 409.2 
 
 4.27 
 
 3 23 
 
 494.0 
 
 3.53 
 
 4 20 
 
 464.2 
 
 3.74 
 
 15 
 
 390.7 
 
 4.44 
 
 1 6 
 
 459.8 
 
 3.76 
 
 4 17 
 
 497.9 
 
 3.46 
 
 2 9 
 
 541.1 
 
 3.18 
 
 21 
 
 409.8 
 
 4.13 
 
 2 6 
 
 485.0 
 
 3.46 
 
 1 6 
 
 328.7 
 
 5.11 
 
 5 29 
 
 430.7 
 
 3.90 
 
 4 2 
 
 446.2 
 
 3.76 
 
 20.822 
 19.972 
 19.571 
 19.461 
 19.250 
 19.008 
 18.751 
 18.345 
 18.282 
 18.018 
 17.768 
 17.680 
 17.615 
 17.472 
 17.429 
 17.340 
 17.337 
 17.280 
 17.234 
 17.216 
 16.940 
 16.802 
 16.795 
 16.795 
 16.763 
 
 31 
 
SENIOR TWO-TEAR-OLDS (CLASS 2%). 
 
 Name and A. R. Number of Cow. 
 
 Age at time 
 of 
 
 Founds 
 of 
 
 At. Per 
 
 Calving 
 
 Milk 
 
 Cent. 
 
 2 11 
 
 28 
 
 586.2 
 
 3.70 
 
 2 11 
 
 27 
 
 566.4 
 
 3.45 
 
 2 11 
 
 22 
 
 535.0 
 
 3.51 
 
 2 10 
 
 24 
 
 450.9 
 
 4.01 
 
 2 11 
 
 10 
 
 509.2 
 
 3.62 
 
 2 9 
 
 20 
 
 422.1 
 
 4.12 
 
 2 10 
 
 22 
 
 439.8 
 
 3.89 
 
 2 11 
 
 
 
 415.4 
 
 4.11 
 
 2 11 
 
 18 
 
 390.0 
 
 4.35 
 
 2 11 
 
 
 
 429.8 
 
 3.94 
 
 2 9 
 
 25 
 
 516.1 
 
 3.27 
 
 2 11 
 
 27 
 
 502.4 
 
 3.35 
 
 2 11 
 
 9 
 
 370.3 
 
 4.53 
 
 2 7 
 
 11 
 
 438.8 
 
 3.83 
 
 2 11 
 
 IB 
 
 468.2 
 
 3.57 
 
 2 8 
 
 24 
 
 437.1 
 
 3.82 
 
 2 9 
 
 11 
 
 434.0 
 
 3.83 
 
 2 11 
 
 19 
 
 497.9 
 
 3.32 
 
 2 10 
 
 25 
 
 473.4 
 
 3.44 
 
 2 6 
 
 10 
 
 461.4 
 
 3.49 
 
 2 9 
 
 21 
 
 459.1 
 
 3.50 
 
 2 7 
 
 12 
 
 381.4 
 
 4.20 
 
 2 S 
 
 a 
 
 441.8 
 
 3.55 
 
 2 10 
 
 2 
 
 480.5 
 
 3.23 
 
 2 11 
 
 13 
 
 455.5 
 
 3.38 
 
 Pounds 
 
 ■ of 
 
 Butter-fat 
 
 Alta Posch^ 1882 
 
 Aaggle Cornucopia Pauline 1933 
 
 Lillian Walker 3d 6578 
 
 Juliana De Kol 30T3 
 
 Hdlth Prescott Wayne 5429 
 
 Veeman Vale 5404 
 
 HUth Ingalls 4962 
 
 Creamelle Hengerveld 4949 
 
 Canary's Mercedes Brightest 2110 
 
 Aaggle Grace Pletertje Princess 5096 
 
 Colantha 4tli's Sarcastic - 4779 
 
 Sbadeland Plum De Kol ^.4432 
 
 Lady Jessie Aaggle De Kol 4265 
 
 Pontlac Clothilde 3541 
 
 Josephine Mechthilde Beauty 2d 4702 
 
 Johanna De Kol Van Beers 58 
 
 Johanna De Kol Wit 2d 6258 
 
 Skylark De Kol Johanna 3095 
 
 Piebe Beets 5273 
 
 Ruby De Kol Burke 4214 
 
 A. & G. Burke Segis Inka 4290 
 
 Pontiac Rag Apple 3446 
 
 Pontlac Netherland De Kol 3289 
 
 Minnie Sandes 2d 1685 
 
 Neta Clothilde Perfection 4545 
 
 54867 
 48426 
 73170 
 65792 
 73709 
 77466 
 74369 
 
 49131 
 75153 
 71014 
 69075 
 
 71401 
 75131 
 76249 
 62231 
 70942 
 65426 
 65480 
 66980 
 56967 
 49318 
 65354 
 
 21.661 
 19.556 
 18.757 
 18.079 
 17.923 
 17.371 
 17.123 
 17.081 
 16.957 
 16.922 
 16.901 
 16.833 
 16.801 
 16.796 
 16.692 
 16.684 
 16.643 
 16.514 
 16.281 
 16.101 
 16.052 
 16.000 
 15.695 
 15.504 
 15.406 
 
 JUNIOR TWO-TEAB-OLDS (CLASS 2). 
 
 Bessie De Kol Rue 2d 6597 
 
 Netherland Johanna Rue 6th 6601 
 
 Jasamlne Beets 6783 
 
 Daisy Burke De Kol Beets 6646 
 
 Mary Walker Petiertje 6212 
 
 Pontlac Gladi 6828 
 
 Prescott Mercedes Jullp 5593 
 
 Pontlac Columbo 3903 
 
 Duchess Ormsby 2d's Heng'veld De K.-2364 
 Clothilde Fay De Kol 6217 
 
 Gertie Lilu Korndyke De KoL 
 Almeda Luecke 2d- 
 
 Alma Coin Hengerveld De Kol. 
 
 Daisy Pietertje Hartog 2d 
 
 Jessie Inka Fledge 
 
 Copia Hengerveld 3d 
 
 Almagelsche Clyde-. 
 
 -5106 
 -1906 
 
 .-6213 
 ..5098 
 -.4072 
 .-4688 
 
 - 6582 
 
 Pontlac Pietertje Princess 6798 
 
 Lady Netherland De Kol Pauline 2d 6i 
 
 Pontlac Artis 3865 
 
 Pietertje Princess Leo 3d 6379 
 
 Genevra Mercedes De Kol 5851 
 
 Shadybrook Gerben Parthenea 4th 3735 
 
 Ava Colanthus Flebe 3421 
 
 Jewel Duchess 3904 
 
 79374 
 79373 
 78910 
 78499 
 77790 
 79904 
 73167 
 61111 
 53074 
 78966 
 68045 
 49520 
 78769 
 71501 
 70177 
 
 79053 
 61114 
 78153 
 77831 
 64125 
 61971 
 64474 
 
 4 18 
 
 433.4 
 
 4.17 
 
 4 29 
 
 393.6 
 
 4.38 
 
 11 17 
 
 448.2 
 
 3.67 
 
 5 14 
 
 406.1 
 
 3.98 
 
 a 14 
 
 401.7 
 
 3.98 
 
 5 9 
 
 491.7 
 
 3.23 
 
 11 12 
 
 483.5 
 
 3.27 
 
 5 9 
 
 444.4 
 
 3.50 
 
 1 29 
 
 348.5 
 
 4.36 
 
 4 18 
 
 432.2 
 
 3.49 
 
 2 21 
 
 391.0 
 
 3.85 
 
 4 21 
 
 384.7 
 
 3.87 
 
 4 11 
 
 376.7 
 
 3.95 
 
 13 
 
 341.4 
 
 4.34 
 
 2 
 
 519.7 
 
 2.82 
 
 5 9 
 
 391.6 
 
 3.74 
 
 4 23 
 
 332.2 
 
 4.38 
 
 2 4 
 
 335.0 
 
 4.33 
 
 4 22 
 
 351.2 
 
 4.13 
 
 3 20 
 
 398.4 
 
 3.62 
 
 5 26 
 
 428.3 
 
 3.34 
 
 3 6 
 
 312.6 
 
 4.57 
 
 8 13 
 
 210.5 
 
 6.79 
 
 3 1 
 
 338.9 
 
 4.19 
 
 1 12 
 
 371.8 
 
 3.80 
 
 1&082 
 17.226 
 16.465 
 16.176 
 16.006 
 15.869 
 15.828 
 15.567 
 15.212 
 15.066 
 15.039 
 14.906 
 14.864 
 14.822 
 14.643 
 14.642 
 14.562 
 14.520 
 14.499 
 14.412 
 14.305 
 14.295 
 14.291 
 14.188 
 14.145 
 
 22 
 
PART THIRD. 
 
 Instructions for Scaling, Measuring and Describing. 
 
 tiNSPEcToR's Outfit. 
 
 An inspector's outfit consists of a measuring rod and tape, a memorandum 
 book, a pencil, and an erasive rubber. This memorandum book should be about 
 seven inches long, by four wide, and be ruled in the ordinary way across the pages 
 by twenty-six lines. A book of two hundred pages will hold descriptions for 
 ninety-nine animals. An index of the items to be taken will be found in Rule 
 IV, commencing with "Name of Animal." This index should be written on a~ 
 narrow slip of paper from top to bottom, corresponding with the lines of the 
 book and attached to the first leaf in such a way as to be easily read from any 
 leaf in the book as it is turned down towards it, or it may be written on the 
 front edge of the first leaf, abbreviated so as to occupy a perpendicular space of 
 about an inch in width. The other leaves of the book should then be cut away 
 to the same extent. 
 
 Assistants Provided by Applicants. 
 
 The inspectors should have two assistants. These should be furnished by the 
 owner of the herd. One to hold the animals during examination, the other to 
 assist in measuring, and to write down descriptions as they are given to him. 
 Ordinarily the owner will be pleased to act in the latter capacity, as he should 
 be present to furnish any information that may be required in regard to name, 
 number in herd-book, age, date of service, etc. ' 
 
 Method of Describing. 
 
 Commencing at the top of the index, the name of the animal and number in 
 herd-book is first ascertained. The assistant, acting as clerk, writes these down 
 on the first line extending across the face of book over the width of both pages. 
 On the next line the age is written. If put down in years only it will answer for 
 the purposes of the examination, as in the filling out of applications that follow 
 after the records are completed, the inspector has the date of birth before him 
 and can readily ascertain the exact age to be filled in at that time. Then the 
 inspector describes the general form in one item, the head in two items, the neck 
 in three, the chine in two, the loin and hips in two, the rump in three, the 
 escutcheon in two, the udder in two, the quarters of udder in one, the teats in 
 one, the mammary veins in three, (he also gives their extensions, branches and 
 other peculiar developments), the handling in one item, the secretions of the 
 skin in two, and the general appearance in three, the items of description of each 
 part being written on a single line. This requires interlining in some instances, 
 yet the space is sufficient for all practical purposes. 
 
 In most cases descriptions should be limited to the following particulars, 
 which should be quite full, viz : 
 
 Age of Animal, General Form, General Vigor, General Symmetry, Particu- 
 lars of the Mammary Veins and Orifices, Particulars of Handling, i. e., Skin and 
 Hair, and in Cows Particulars of Udder and Teats. The measurements should 
 
 tSee form of measuring rod on following page. 
 
 23 
 
s 
 
 MEASURING ROD. 
 
 Measuring rods are usually about six feet long 
 and are made of light, strong wood. One side of 
 the upright bar has two columns of ruling in feet, 
 inches, half inches and quarter inches. The inside 
 column, the one from which the' arms extend, 
 begins one inch from the lower end, the vacant 
 space being occupied by the thickness of the lower 
 arm which is just one inch. Both arms are set 
 at right angles with the upright bar. The thumb 
 screws hold them firmly or loosen them at the 
 pleasure of the operator. The lower arm is usually 
 held in place while measuring, the upper arm 
 moves up and down and determines the measure- 
 ments. Heights are read from the outside scale 
 as the lower end of the rod rests on the ground, 
 level with the feet of the animal; widths and 
 lengths from the inside scale as the arms of the 
 measure closely press within them, the extreme 
 points of the dimensions taken. Measurements 
 are evidently of much importance to breeders. 
 It would also seem that they must be invaluable 
 to those who are striving to reach correct con- 
 clusions as to the relations of form to function in 
 animal economics. 
 
 24 
 
always be taken, and, when not exceedingly inconvenient, the weight and 
 condition also. 
 
 Method op Measxxring. 
 
 The animal must be brought to stand on a level place and in a natural posi- 
 tion, the feet squarely underthe body, the head at a medium height and the neck 
 straight. The two items of height are taken perpendicularly from the ground to 
 the top of the animal, the one immediately over the knee and center of the shoul- 
 der, and the other over the hook bone to center of the back; the length of the 
 body is taken from the extreme front of the shoulder point to the extreme rear 
 and highest point of the rump, diagonally in a straight line; the length of the 
 rump, from the extreme front side of the hook bone to the extreme of the rump 
 as described above; the width of hips from the outside of one hook bone to the 
 outside of the other in a straight line; the width of the thurl from the outside of 
 one thurl bone to the outside of the other, also in a straight line; the girth by a 
 tape closely fitting the smallest circumference of the chest. In the latter measure- 
 ment the tape must be drawn so closely that a slight movement of it will move 
 the skin of the animal. If the head is lowered from the natural position this 
 measurement will invariably be erroneous. And if the neck is turned to the 
 right or left the measurement of length of body will also be erroneous. Then 
 follows the ascertaining of the weight, which must invariably be obtained by 
 reliable scales, the date of service is then ascertained of the owner and condition 
 described. The date of the examination should also be recorded in some con- 
 venient place in the memorandum book. 
 
 Review op Descriptions and Measurements. 
 
 The inspector should then dismiss his assistants and take his memorandum 
 book, pencil and erasive rubber and proceed to review his work. He should pass 
 from animal to animal and look closely to every item of description and measure- 
 ment. He must take all the time that is necessary to insure just and impartial 
 descriptions. First impressions are more apt to be unfavorable. This review 
 gives him a chance to correct such impressions after getti^ig a general view of the 
 herd. If there is any question in his mind that any animals will not scale the 
 requisite number of points he should now take time to scale them. He can do 
 this quietly and unobtrusively. He should preserve all such work to be recon- 
 sidered, as his observations extend to other herds and as he has time to counsel 
 with the superintendent or other inspectors. His decisions need not be made at 
 once. He should take all the time and avail himself of all opportunity for com- 
 parison that is needed to make his work perfect. 
 
 Responsibilities of Inspectors. 
 
 An inspector is responsible for the accuracy of all descriptions made by him. 
 He must describe from the standpoint of the association, as shown by the Scale 
 of Points. He must not permit himself to be biased by any views or prejudices 
 he may entertain in regard to the perfection of this scale. He must not permit 
 himself to be influenced by any condition of flesh or lack of flesh, or by grooming 
 or lack of grooming, or by defects caused by age, accident or diseases not heredi- 
 tary. He must describe according to the method of the association, as laid down 
 in Rule IV, and in the Nomenclature. No item of description therein required 
 must be left out. The terms must be used as defined, but he may use other terms 
 
 35 
 
36 
 
in explanation, or describe peculiarities not mentioned in the Nomenclature. He 
 must take the measurements with much care (except in certain cases of bulls), 
 not one of them must be left out. He must obtain the weight in every case 
 where it is not exceedingly inconvenient to do so, and he should not fail to give 
 the condition of flesh, and obtain the date of service if an animal is with calf. 
 Nor does his responsibility end here. When the record or records of the animal 
 are completed, and the application for its register is sent to him with the required 
 affidavits attached, he must pass upon the capability of the animal to make such 
 records. This is to be done upon his honor. If in his judgment the animal 
 is not capable of making such records, he is to notify the owner within ten 
 days; if in his judgment the animal is capable, he is to fill in the descriptive 
 part, add the required dates, sign his name, and forward it to the superintendent 
 without delay. The inspector must realize the weight of this responsibility. 
 He acts for the association, not only for the present time but for its unlimited 
 future. 
 
 NOMENCLATURE. 
 
 TERMS USED AND THEIR DEFINITIONS. 
 
 MiLK-AND-BUBF Form : This is the prevailing or average form of cows of this 
 breed. It describes a cow of the wedge form, with shoulders moderately 
 thick, moderately deep and broad, crops moderately well filled, barrel well 
 rounded, loin and hips broad and full, and quarters straight, wide and full. 
 (See plates.) 
 
 Milk Form : This describes a cow of the wedge form, comparatively light in 
 the shoulders and chest and comparatively light in ithe quarters. It is 
 generally accompanied (though not always) with angularity of appearance. 
 
 Beef-and-Milk Form : This describes a cow, the body of which, from a side 
 view assumes the outlines of a parallelogram. Viewed from the front the 
 lateral wedge form is moderately retained. 
 
 Beef Form: This describes a cow. that gives no appearance of the wedge form 
 
 viewed from side or front. 
 
 Note — In the milk and beef form there is a looseness of structure and 
 greater length of barrel than in the beef-and-milk and beef forms. 
 
 Head, Size of: As compared with body. The term proportionate indicates 
 size in proportion to the body, the average size in the breed taken as a 
 standard. The terms small, very small, large, and very large naturally 
 follow, denoting different degrees above and below this standard. 
 
 Head, Symmetry of : Symmetrical when of the average or general form. Very 
 symmetrical when closely approaching the ideal type described in the 
 Scale of Points. Unsymmetrical when departing to a marked degree from 
 the average form. Special defects are noted. 
 
 Neck, Size and Length of: Medium when averaging with the breed. The 
 terms fine, very fine, heavy and very heavy, refer to size of neck. The terms 
 above medium length, below medium length, long, short, etc, refer to 
 length of neck. 
 
 27 
 
2S 
 
Neck, Form and Bearing : Level when the neck is carried forward on a level 
 or nearly on a level with top of shoulder. The term drooping describes the 
 form popularly called "ewe neck." Slightly drooping describes the form 
 between these two extremes. 
 
 Chine, Form of: Straightness or levelness of the top line. The term straight 
 is used when there is no elevation or depression in the chine. Slightly 
 uneven and uneven denote degrees of elevation at or near the middle of the 
 chine. The terms slightly swayed and swayed are used when the general 
 line is curved downward; the terms slightly reached and reached when the 
 general line is curved upward. 
 
 Chine, Breadth oe : This refers to the width of chine recognized by passing the 
 hand over it. The terms broad, very broad, and fairly broad are obvious in 
 meaning. The term single denotes a narrow or sharp chine. 
 
 JESSIE MAIDA 1686 A. R. O. 
 
 Official, Records: Seven-day, 664.7 pounds milk, 24.811 pounds fat; thirty-day, 2,677.3 
 pounds milk, 100.987 pounds fat. 
 
 Note — In some cases the chine will be found exceedingly broad as the hand 
 is passed over it, with an apparent depression running along the middle line from 
 shoulder to hips. This is called a medial depression, and is regarded by some 
 as an indication of very great vigor of constitution. 
 
 Chine, Space Between Vertebra : By placing the hand upon the middle of 
 the chine depressions between the vertebrae are easily felt. The size of these 
 depressions is described by the terms close, fairly open, open, very open. 
 
 Loin and Hips, Strength of : As indicated by the levelness, width and fulness 
 of the loin immediately forward of a line drawn between the hook bones. 
 The terms, strong, very strong, fairly strong, moderately strong, and weak 
 are used. 
 
 29 
 
Loin and Hips, LevELNess of : As shown by placing a straight edge from one 
 hook bone to the other. Level when the center of the back is perfectly 
 level, or so nearly so that the top of each hook bong is not more than a 
 half inch below a perfect level. The terms slightly rounded and rounded, 
 indicate degrees of departure from the level. 
 
 Rump, Height of: As compared with the chine and hook bones. The term 
 high describes the' rump carried out on the same level, or nearly the same, 
 with the hook bones. The terms fairly high, moderately high, low, and very 
 low, indicate degrees below such level. 
 
 Rump, Contour or Top Line : The term level is used when there is no uneven- 
 ness or very little unevenness in such top line. Slightly uneven, and uneven 
 indicate degrees of departure from such levelness. The terms slightly 
 sloping, and sloping are also used, indicating degrees of steepness of the 
 rump when such steepness is shown in a marked degree. 
 
 Escutcheon, Size of: The term largest indicates an extent of surface equal to 
 that covered by a Flanders escutcheon of the first order. The terms very 
 large, large, good or medium size, small and very small, indicate degrees of 
 extent of surface below this. 
 
 Escutcheon, Quality of : The term finest indicates the quality found in the 
 best class of escutcheons. Below this the terms very fine, fine, good or 
 medium, fair, coarse, and very coarse, indicate degrees of quality below this. 
 
 Udder, Capacity of : The term very capacious describes the highest capacity, 
 referring to a class within which there are limited variations. Below this 
 the terms capacious, fairly capacious, and moderately capacious, describe 
 different degrees of capacity. 
 
 Udder, Flexibility of: The term very flexible describes the highest flexibility, 
 referring to a class within which there are limited variations. Below this 
 the terms flexible, fairly flexible, moderately flexible, etc., denote different 
 degrees of flexibility. 
 
 Udder, Quarters of : The term even describes an udder in which the quarters 
 appear to be of equal capacity. (It is a difficult matter to be determined when 
 a cow is dry or nearly so, and the inspectors are obliged to depend somewhat 
 on the statements of owners and milkers.) Bfelow this the terms slightly 
 uneven and uneven, indicate degrees of departure from such equal capacity. 
 
 Teats, Size and Form of: The term perfect is used when teats appear as 
 described in Scale of Points. Departures from this are indicated by the 
 terms too large, too small, bell-shaped, cone-shaped, etc. (Inspectors must 
 make allowances in case of young heifers, and not require the same showing 
 of capacity of udder, or size of teats, as with older cows.) 
 
 Handling : This includes the thickness and quality of the skin, with the under- 
 lying tissues, and the denseness and quality of the overlying coat of hair. 
 The average handling of the breed is described as medium or gbod. Above 
 this three degrees are noted by the use of the terms superior, very superior, 
 best. Below this the degrees in the opposite direction are noted by the use 
 of the terms fair, inferior, and very inferior. Special defects should be 
 reported. 
 
 Secretions of the Skin : These are more especially found on the escutcheon and 
 in the ears. The terms abundant, very abundant, fairly abundant, and 
 
 30 
 
moderately abundant, are used to denote quantity; and the terms oily, very 
 oily, and moderately oily, to denote quality. In some instances the color 
 is also given. 
 
 OS 
 W 
 P 
 
 Q 
 
 Q 
 < 
 
 > 
 
 < 
 
 General Appearance: In noting this three things are to be taken into consid- 
 eration. First, the vigor of the animal : This is described by the use of the 
 terms vigorous, very vigorous, and fairly or moderately vigorous. Second, 
 the general fineness and symmetry. This is described by the terms fine, 
 very fine, good, fair, etc. Third, the general style and bearing: This is 
 
 31 
 
described by the use of the terms, stylish, very stylish, good style, fair 
 style, etc. 
 
 Mammary Vbins, Length of: The length of these veins is described by the 
 
 use of the terms medium, long, short, very long, very short, etc. 
 Mammary Veins, Size oE: The size is described by the use of the terms 
 
 medium, large, very large, fair size or fairly large, moderate size or 
 
 moderately large, etc. 
 
 Note — The mammary veins are never so fully developed on heifers as on 
 older cows. Hence care should be had that they be described at their full value. 
 
 Mammary Veins, Contour of: The contour is described by the use of the 
 terms crooked or winding, very crooked, fairly crooked, nearly straight, 
 and straight. 
 
 Note — Mammary veins often become varicose on aged cows. Care must be 
 exercised that they be not valued too highly. Crookedness and size are evidences 
 of past production rather than promises of the future. The size of the orifices 
 through which these veins enter the body are indicative of the natural size of the 
 veins and should be mainly depended upon in describing them. 
 
 Mammary Veins, Further Terms : Further terms used in describing the mam- 
 mary veins will be more clearly understood by referring to illustration. The 
 veins are usually (not always) forked P. F. at the udder. As they pass on 
 their way to the heart they enter the abdomen and chest by various orifices 
 (Or. Or. Or.) that can be easily discovered. On some cows but two such veins 
 and two such orifices are found, one on the right and the other on the left 
 of the abdomen. In descriptions no mention is made of these, as all have 
 these two veins and two orifices. On other cows and bulls there are two 
 or more such orifices on each side showing the entrances of branch veins, 
 and extensions of the main veins. 
 
 Single Extension : The more frequent of these is given the name abdominal 
 extension, (A. E. from Or. to Or.). When this appears only on one side of 
 the abdomen, attached to one vein, it is described as single extension. 
 
 Double Extension : When such an extension appears on each side of the abdo- 
 men, that is, attached to both main veins, it is described as double extension. 
 
 Single Chest Extension : In some cases, at the point where an abdominal 
 extension enters the body, another extension, as it were, starts out, extending 
 still further forward and disappearing without any apparent orifice under 
 the muscles that cover the chest near the forward legs. This is described 
 as a single chest expansion, (C. E. from Or. to end of vein). 
 
 Double Chest Extension : If such an extension is found on each of the main 
 veins, that is, on both sides of the chest, it is described as a double chest 
 extension. 
 
 Single Branched: Sometimes a branch (B.) starts from the main vein and 
 
 enters a separate orifice. If such a branch appears only on one side of the 
 
 abdomen, the veins are described as single branched. 
 Double Branched : If a branch appears attached to each main vein, that is, 
 
 on both sides of the abdomen, they are described as double branched. 
 
 Note — Sometimes several branches appear. All should be described. 
 
 Umbilical Development : In rare cases the veins branch to the umbilicus and 
 return again to the main vein. This is described as an umbilical development. 
 
 32 
 
Independent Umbiucai, Vein : In still rarer cases a third vein apparently inde- 
 pendent of the two main veins, extends along near the umbilicus, and enters 
 the body by a separate orifice. This is called an independent umbilical vein. 
 A connection between the two main veins is shown in the illustration (C.) 
 referred to. This is also of rare occurrence. Its length and size of orifice 
 should be described. 
 Note — The orifice through which the mammary veins enter the body should 
 
 "be described, especially the size of those by which the different forms enter. 
 
 Udder Development: If the udder appears with prominent veins on its sur- 
 face it is described as an udder development. 
 Note — The main veins as they issue from the udder are proper subjects 
 
 oi descriptions. 
 
 MEASUREMENTS AND WEIGHT. 
 
 Seven measurements are given in this system, viz: Height at shoulders, 
 lieight at hips, length of body, length of rump, width of hips, width at thurl bones, 
 and girth. These measurements will be easily understood by referring to Figs. 1 
 and 2. The two measurements of height are taken perpendicularly, the length 
 of body by a straight line diagonally from the shoulder point to the extremity of 
 the rump, the two measurements of width by straight horizontal lines, and the 
 girth by a line closely fitting to the animal at the smaller circumference of the 
 chest. The weight is determined by the scales. 
 
 APPIilOATION OF SCALE OF POINTS. 
 
 Many find it difficult to scale an animal twice alike. To aid such, the scale of 
 points for Holstein-Friesian cattle is analyzed, as it were, and each distinct idea 
 separated from others in the description of the' parts of the animal. This is done 
 lay the use of the semi-colon. The amount of discredit that should be given is 
 indicated in case of any defect, that all such work may be done with uniformity. 
 A skillful man will thus scale closely to the same conclusions any number of 
 -times. In applying the scale in this manner the examiner begins with descrip- 
 tion given of the head. This includes two distinct requirements. He first gives 
 "his attention to the vigor shown. If this shows very slight (v. s.) deficiency he 
 discredits Vs oi a. point as indicated, and puts it down on the margin of the printed 
 scale; if the deficiency is better described by the term slight (s.) he discredits Y^ 
 ■of a point; if by the t&rm- marked (m.), J^ of a point; if by the phrase very 
 marked (v. m.) ^ of a point; and if by extreme (e.), 1 point. He next gives his 
 .attention to the contour of the head and proceeds in the same way. Then he takes 
 up the two particulars of Forehead in the same manner, discrediting at each step 
 according to the instructions interlined. Thus going through the scale he at last 
 foots up the discredits that he has made from point to point, and subtracts their 
 -total amount from 100 points, the standard of perfection. The remainder is the 
 number of points to he credited. 
 
 This process may appear a very slow one to the reader, yet it is quite rapid 
 to one who has practiced it to some considerable extent. It is the only method 
 that will secure a high degree of uniformity of work by different inspectors 
 located in different parts of our country. Doubtless improvements on this method 
 ■can and will be made. The preparation of some system of scaling, as well as of 
 -uniform description, is really a work that properly belongs to the association 
 •of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations. 
 
 33 
 
SCALE OF POINTS 
 
 AND STRUCTURAI, REQUIREMENTS 
 
 FOR BUJjIiS. 
 
 [The interlines in smaller type relate entirely to the method of application 
 agreed upon by the inspectors, in order to secure uniformity of work. The abbre- 
 viations are as follows : v. s., very slight ; s., slight ; m., marked ; v. m., very 
 marked; e., extreme.] 
 
 POINTS 
 
 Head — Showing full vigor ; elegant in contour 2 
 
 Discredit v. s. }i — s. }^- — m. }4 — ^v. m. Ji — e. 1. 
 Forehead — Broad between the eyes ; dishing 2 
 
 Discredit v. s. ^ — s. j4—r™* ^ — "^^ '™* 94 — e. 1. 
 
 YBMA 3D'S FLBDGB CLiOTHIIiDE! 2791 A. R. O. 
 
 OfiBcial Records: Seven-day, 643.9 pounds milk, 24.303" pounds fat; thirty-day, 2,629.3 
 pounds milk, 97.073 pounds fat. 
 
 Face — Of medium length; clean and trim especially under the eyes, with 
 
 bridge of the nose straight i 2 
 
 Discredit s. H — "n- % — e. H- 
 Muzzle — Broad; with strong lips 1 
 
 Discredit s. yi — m. % — e. yi, 
 
 Ears — Of medium size; of fine texture; the hair plentiful and soft; the 
 
 secretions oily and abundant 1 
 
 Discredit m. }i — e. J^. 
 Eyes — ^Large ; full ; mild ; bright 2 
 
 Discredit s. }i — m. Ji — e. yi. 
 
 Horns — Short ; of medium size at base ; gradually diminishing toward tips ; 
 oval; inclining forward; moderately curved inward; of fine texture; 
 
 in appearance waxy 1 
 
 Discredit m. yi — e. 54- 
 
 34 
 
Neck— Long; finely crested (if the animal is mature); fine and clean at 
 juncture with the head; nearly free from dewlap; strongly and 
 
 smoothly joined to shoulders 5 
 
 Discredit v. s. J^— s. J4— m. H—v. m. H—e. 1. 
 
 Shoulders— Of medium height ; of medium thickness, and smoothly rounded 
 
 at tops ; broad and full at sides ; smooth over front 4 
 
 Discredit v. s. J^ — s. % — m. }^ — v. m. H — e. 1. 
 Chest— Deep and low ; well filled and smooth in the brisket ; broad between 
 
 the forearms ; full in the for'eflanks (or through at the heart) 7 
 
 Discredit v. s. J^ — s. J^ — m. 1— v. m. 15^ — e. 8. 
 
 Crops— Comparatively full ; nearly level with the shoulders 4 
 
 Discredit v. s. }^ — s. yi — m. 1— v. m. lyi — e. 2. 
 
 Chine — Straight; broadly developed; open 6 
 
 Discredit v. s. ^/i — s. H — m. yi — ^v. m. J^ — e. 1. 
 Barrel— Well rounded; with large abdomen; strongly and trimly held up, 7 
 
 Discredit v. a. J^ — s. yi — m. 1 — ^v. m. IJ^ — e. 2. 
 Loin and Hips — Broad ; level or nearly level between hookbones ; level and 
 strong laterally; spreading from the chine broadly and nearly level; 
 
 the hookbones fairly prominent 7 
 
 Discredit v. o. J| — s. 54 — m. }i — ^v. m. % — e. 1. 
 Rump — Long; broad; high; nearly level laterally; comparatively full 
 
 above the thurl.. 7 
 
 Discredit v. s. H — s. }4 — m. yi — v. m. H — e. 1. 
 
 Thurl— High ; broad 4 
 
 Discredit v. s. % — s. 5^ — m. 1 — ^v. m. lyi — e. 2. 
 Quarters — Deep ; broad ; straight behind ; wide and full at sides ; open and 
 
 well arched in the twist 5 
 
 Discredit v. s. yi — s. J4 — ni. J^ — ^v. m. 54 — e. 1. 
 
 Flanks — Deep ; full 3 
 
 Discredit v. s. yi- — s. % — m. yi — ^v. m. 54 — e. 1. 
 Legs — Comparatively short; clean and nearly straight; wide apart and 
 firmly and squarely set under the body; arms wide, strong and taper- 
 ing; feet of medium size, round, solid and deep : . 5 
 
 Discredit v. s. yi — s. }4 — ™- Vi — ^v. m. 54 — e- 1- 
 Tail — Large at base, the setting well back; tapering finely to switch; the 
 
 end of bone reaching to hocks or below ; the switch full 2 
 
 Discredit s. yi — m. }4 — e. yi. 
 Hair and Handling — Hair healthful in appearance; fine, soft and furry; 
 skin of medium thickness and loose ; mellow under the hand ; the secre- ■ 
 
 tions oily, abundant and of a rich brown or yellow color 10 
 
 Discredit v. s. K — s. % — m. 1 — ^v. m. \}i — e. 2. 
 Mammary Veins — Large; full; entering large orifices; double extension; 
 
 with special developments, such as forks, branches, connections, etc 10 
 
 Discredit v. s. 54 — s. yi — m. 1 — ^v. m. lyi — e. 2. 
 
 Rudimentary Teats— Large ; well placed 2 
 
 Discredit v. s. yi — s. 54 — m. % — ^v. m. 54 — e. 1. 
 
 Escutcheon — ^Largest ; finest 2 
 
 Discredit s. 5^ — ^m. 54 — e. yi. 
 
 Perfection l"" 
 
 General Vigor — For deficiency inspectors ■shall discredit from the total received, 
 
 not to exceed eight points. 
 
 Discredit v. s. 1 — s. 2 — m. 3 — v. m. 5 — e. 8. 
 
 35 
 
General symmetry and fineness — For deficiency inspectors shall discredit from 
 
 the total received, not to excfeed eight points. 
 
 Discredit v. s. 1 — s. 2 — m. 3 — v,. m. 5 — e. 8. 
 General style and bearing — For deficiency inspectors shall discredit from the 
 
 total received, not to exceed eight points. 
 
 Discredit v. s. 1 — s. 2 — ^m. 3 — v. m. 5 — e. 8. 
 Credits for offspring — A bull shall be credited one point in excess of what he is- 
 
 otherwise entitled to, for each and every animal of which he is sire actually 
 
 entered in the Advanced Register, not to exceed ten in number. 
 
 In scaling for the Advanced Register, defects caused solely by age, or by 
 accident or by disease not hereditary, shall not be considered. Btit in scaling for 
 the show-ring, such defects shall be considered and duly discredited. 
 
 A bull that in the judgment of the inspector will not reach at full age, 
 and in good fiesh, 1,800 pounds live weight and scale at least eighty points, shall 
 be disqualified for entry, mth description, in the Advanced Register. 
 
 VANDER LEI SUPERB 2D 4313 A. R. O. 
 
 Official Records: Seven-day, 669.8 pounds milk, 23.626 pounds fat; thirty-day, 2,852.6- 
 pounds milk, 97.389 pounds fat. 
 
 FOR COWS. 
 
 POINTS 
 
 Head — Decidedly feminine in appearance ; fine in contour Z 
 
 Discredit v. o. '/i — s. % — m. H — ^v. m. % — e. 1. 
 
 Forehead — Broad between the eyes ; dishing 2' 
 
 Discredit v. s. J^ — ^^s. '/i — m. '/i — ^v. m. 54 — e- 1. 
 Face — Of medium length ; clean and trim especially under the eyes, showing 
 
 facial veins ; the bridge of the nose straight ; the muzzle broad Z 
 
 Discredit =. ^A — ^m. 5^ — e. J^. 
 
 Muzzle, broad with strong lips 1 
 
 Discredit m. % — e. J^. 
 
 36 
 
Ears — Of medium size; of fine texture; the hair plentiful and soft; the 
 
 secretions oily and abundant 1 
 
 Discredit m. ^ — e. %. 
 
 Eyes — ^Large ; full ; mild ; bright 2 
 
 Discredit s. H — m. % — e. yi. 
 Horns — Small ; tapering finely towards the tips ; set moderately narrow at 
 base; oval; inclining forward; well bent inward; of fine texture; in 
 
 appearance waxy 1 
 
 Discredit m. J^ — e. %. 
 Neck — Long; fine and clean at juncture with the head; free from dewlap; 
 
 evenly and smoothly joined to shoulders 4 
 
 Discredit v. s. ^ — s. % — m. J^ — v, m. 54 — c- 1- 
 Shoulders — Slightly lower than hips; fine and even over tops; moderately 
 
 broad and full at sides 3 
 
 Discredit v. s. '/i — s. J4 — m. yi — v. m. J^ — e. 1. 
 Chest — Of moderate depth and lowness ; smooth and moderately full in the 
 
 brisket, full in the foreflanks (or through the heart) 6 
 
 Discredit v. s. % — s. J^ — m. 1 — v. m. IJ^ — e. 2. 
 
 Crops— Moderately full ■■ 2 
 
 Discredit v. s. }4 — s. '/i — m. 1 — v. m. IJ^ — e. 2. 
 
 Chine — Straight ; broadly developed ; open fi 
 
 Discredit v. ». '/i — s. % — m. }i — v. m. 54 — e. 1. 
 Barrel — Of wedge shape; well rounded; with a large abdomen; trimly held 
 
 up, (in judging the last item age must be considered)* 7 
 
 Discredit v. s. H — s. }4 — m. 'A— v. m. H — e. 1. 
 Loin 'and Hips — Broad ; level or nearly level between the hookbones ; level 
 and* strong laterally ; spreading from chine broadly and nearly level, 
 
 with hookbones fairly prominent 6 
 
 Discredit v. o. ^ — s. '4 — m. 5^ — v. m. ^ — e. 1. 
 Rump— long and high; broad with roomy pelvis; nearly level laterally; 
 
 comparatively full above the thurl 6 
 
 Discredit v. s. H — s. 'A — m. yi — v. m. H — e. 1. 
 
 Thurl— High; broad : ^ 
 
 Discredit v. s. 'A—s. Yi—m. 1 — v. m. 1}4 — e. 2. 
 Quarters— Deep ; straight behind; roomy in the twist; wide and moder- 
 ately full at the sides * 
 
 Discredit v. s. Yn — s. Yi — m. J^ — v. m. %—^e. 1. 
 
 Flanks— Deep ; comparatively full 2 
 
 Discredit v. s. yk — s. Yi — m- 54— v. m. J^— e. 1. 
 Legs— Comparatively, short; clean and nearly straight; wide apart and 
 firmly and squarely set under the body; feet of medium size, round, 
 
 solid and deep 
 
 Discredit v. s. 5^— s. 54— m- }4— v. m. M— e. 1. 
 Tail— Large at base, the setting well back ; tapering finely to switch ; the 
 
 end of the bone reaching to hocks or below ; the switch full 2 
 
 Discredit s. yi—m. H — e. J^. 
 Hair and Handling— Hair healthful in appearance; fine, soft and furry; the 
 skin of medium thickness and loose; mellow under the hand; the 
 
 seci-etions oily, abundant and of a rich brown or yellow color 8 
 
 Discredit .. s. Yi—^- 54—™- 1—^- ">■ 15^— e- »■ 
 
 ^n old cows some allowance sliould be shown in view of the fact that bearing calves 
 from year to year tends to weaken them in this matter. 
 
 37 
 
Mammary Veins — Very large; very crooked (age must be taken into con- 
 sideration in judging of size and crookedness) ; entering very large or 
 numerous orifices ; double extension ; with special developments such 
 
 as branches, connections, etc 10 
 
 Discredit v. a. ^4 — s. }^ — m. 1 — v. m. lYz — e. 2. 
 Udder — Very capacious; very flexible; quarters even; nearly filling the 
 space in the rear below the twist, extending well forward in front; 
 broad and well held up; teats well formed, wide apart, plumb and of 
 
 convenient size .' 12 
 
 Discredit v. s. J4 — s. ^2 — m. 1 — ^v. m. 1^ — e. 2. 
 
 Teats ■ 2 
 
 Discredit a. J^ — m. % — e. }^. 
 
 Escutcheon — Largest, finest 2 
 
 Discredit s. }i — m. % — e. }^. 
 
 Perfection 100 
 
 PONTIAC CALYPSO 3428 A. R. O. 
 
 Official Records: Seven-day, 560.3 pounds milk, 22.V43 pounds fat; thirty-day, 2,393.4 
 pounds milk, 93.336 pounds fat. 
 
 General Vigor — For deficiency inspectors shall discredit from the total received 
 not to exceed eight points. 
 
 Discredit v. &. 1 — s. 2 — m. 3 — v. m. 5 — e. 8. 
 
 General Symmetry and Fineness — For deficiency inspectors shall discredit from 
 the total received not to exceed eight points. 
 
 Discredit v. s. 1 — s. 2 — m. 3 — v. m. 5 — e. S. 
 General Style and Bearing — For deficiency inspectors shall discredit from the 
 total received not to exceed eight points. 
 
 Discredit v. s. 1 — s. 2 — m. 3 — v. m. 5 — e. 8. 
 
 38 
 
Credits for Excess of Requirement in Production — A cow shall be credited one 
 point in excess of what she is otherwise entitled to, for each and every 
 ten per cent that her butter fat record exceeds the minimum requirement 
 of her class or age. 
 
 In scaling for the Advanced Register, defects caused solely by age, or by 
 accident, or by disease not hereditary, shall not be considered. But in scaling 
 for the show ring such defects shall be considered and duly discredited. 
 
 A cow that in the judgment of the inspector will not reach at full age in 
 milking condition and ordinary flesh 1,000 pounds live weight, and scale at least 
 seventy-five points, shall be disqualified for entry with description in the 
 Advanced Register. 
 
 39