- '.-■ ■ "&v<5i>-v ;■■ ■ VjSC Brat ^■•asr .-fc- •"' Miu ^ .JimLjui* * CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM The pistor" Department Cornell University Library F 627G7 B61 Biographical and historical record of Gr 3 1924 028 913 998 olin Overs The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028913998 Greene and Carroll Counties, Iowa. Containing Portraits of all the Presidents of this United States from Washington to Cleveland, with accompanying Biographies of each; Portraits and Biographies of the Governors of the State; Engravings of Prominent Citizens in Greene and Carroll Counties, with Personal Histories of many of the leading families, and a concise his- TORY of the two Counties and their Cities and Villages. THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY, 113 Adams Street, Chicago. ^■■ ■■■ ■■■-■■■■-■■■■■■■■■■■-■■■■-■.■■-■■■■■■-■-■-■-■..■■Jlii CONTENTS. m I I Ik PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. George Washington 9 John Adams 14 Thomas Jefferson 20 James Madison 26 James Monroe 32 John Quincy Adams 38 Andrew Jackson 47 Martin Van Bnren 52 William Henry Harrison 56 John Tyler 60 James K. Polk 64 Zachary Taylor 68 Millard Fillmore 72 Franklin Pierce 76 James Buchanan 80 Abraham Lincoln 84 Andrew Johnson 93 Ulysses S. Grant 96 Kutherford B. Hayes 102 James A. Garfield 109 Chester A. Arthur 113 Grover Cleveland 117 HISTORY OF IOWA. Aboriginal 123 Caucasian 124 Pioneer Life 133 Louisiana Territory 137 Iowa Territory 139 State Organization and Subse- quent History 141 Patriotism 146 Iowa Since the War 151 State Institutions 151 Educational 154 Statistical 157 Physical Features 158 Geology 158 Climate 163 Census of Iowa 164 Territorial Officers 164 State Officers 165 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. Robert Lucas 171 John Chambers 173 James Clarke 175 Ansel Briggs 179 Stephen Hempstead 183 James W. Grimes 187 Ralph P. Lowe 191 Samuel J. Kirkwood 195 William M. Stone 199 Samuel Merrill 303 Cyrus C. Carpenter 207 Joshua G. New bold 211 John H. Gear 215 Buren R. Sherman 219 William Larrabee 223 "»-*«§»3»-»S H *f*'- 39' 4: V -** History of Greene Soubty,** BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Adams, W. H 254 Addy, J. A 360 Addy, W. L 358 Adkins, H. H 314 Albert, J. H 443 Allan, William 439 Allen, Mrs. R. A 433 Allen, Rensselaer 396 Allison, Alfred 258 Allstott, John G 442 Ames, W. E 392 Anderson, B. F 323 Anderson, D. B 313 Anderson, D. P 370 Anderson, J. W 288 Anderson, S. B 399 Andrew, George 426 Arch.J.D 450 Armstrong, T. J 297 Atchinson, George 352 B. Babb, V. 8 362 Barker, A. B 333 Barnes, I. M 315 Barth, W. C 350 Bassett, C. H 347 Beaty, J. F 452 Beebe, Henry 418 Berrien, E. B 447 Berry, J. E 266 Bish, John 374 Bistline, W. H 378 Blake, H. M 338 Blanshan, D. 1 356 Bofink, Charles 279 Boggs.L. W 407 Bolin, Benjamin 428 Bontz, J. P 321 Boyden, John 395 Bradley, J. F. M 450 Bradshaw, Frank 344 Breiner, P. B 403 Bucher, Henry 375 Buchmiller, E. S 454 Burk, Archibald 366 Burk, Joshua 248 Burk, Leroy 259 Burke, James 336 Burkholder, C. K 451 Cain, Abram 235 Cain, Edward 274 Cain, Robert 234 Carey, A. H 406 CONTENTS. Carlton, E.O 395 Carter, E. H 312 Carter, J. C 377 Cass, F. D 268 Childs, H. L 438 Church, Z. A 301 Churdan, Joseph 294 Clark, E. C 232 Cleveland, C. L 316 Clipperton, "William. 413 Clopton, Isaac 286 Cochran, Joseph 305 Conant, David .311 Connell, Rohert 343 Coombs, Joseph 436 Cooper, P. P 304 Copeland, John 445 Councilman, S. J 308 Cowan, J. T 352 Crabb, James 372 Crandall, L. B 319 Crow, W. M 316 Crowder,W. G 331 Culley, J. M 271 Curran, J. P 440 D. Davenport, John 401 Dawson, J. H 448 Day, G. W 335 Deny, J. J 311 Dickinson, H< W 265 Dickinson, William 302 Dillavou, G. C 247 Dillavou, James 251 Dinan, John 249 Dodge, C. M 303 Dunterman, William 292 Dwinnell.H.A 370 E. Eagleson, G. G 250 Eason, Robert 279 Edinborough, C. J 408 Edwards, Daniel 428 Ellison, Samuel 409 Elmore, W. A 391 Embree, Daniel 320 Enfield, Charles 396 English, C. A 305 English, J. R 385 F. Ferguson, P. M 341 Ferguson, W. M 383 Ferrin, Zebulon 253 Fey, A. H 231 Fitz, J. AV 284 Fitzpatrick, J. J 426 Fitz Patrick, P. M 292 Fleck, G.W 410 Forbes, E. P 347 Forbes, J. M 373 Forbes, J. R. . . ." -437 Ford,!. W 340 Foy, E. W 372 Franklin, F.M 324 Franklin, W. A 281 Franklin, W.l 294 Free, F. A 354 Free, Samuei 348 Free, S. Q 361 French, E.K 363 French, E.P 257 French, G. Y 411 Freund, Leo 334 Prymier, I. W 356 G. Gallup,J. N 282 Garland, J. B 277 Garrett, W. R 435 Gaylord,'E. W 456 Gibson, Robert 361 Gilliland, A. H 281 Gilliland, G. M 242 Gilroy, G.W 235 Goodrich, Calvin 260 Goodrich, Washington 298 Goodwin, Robert 338 Graham, H. W 314 Gray, A. J 393 Gray, John 423 Greene, "W. R 359 Greif, J. C 451 Groves, "W. R 325 Gulick, J. P 331 H. Haight, D. B 427 Hall, J. B 326 Ham, H. M 310 Ham, Kingman 313 Hanks, George 300 Hanson, Robert 417 Hanson, G. F 306 Harding, E 278 Harmon, Franklin 441 Harmon, Lafayette 441 Harmon, O. L 353 Harris, A. C 347 Hatfield, G.B 413 Haun, J.C 349 Head, AM. 383 Heath, H. B 430 Heator, Jacob 299 Heisel, John 408 Henderson, H. L 419 Henderson, J. A 293 Herron, S. W 444 Higgins, James 358 Hillman, G. C 302 Hoshaw.J. jVI 247 Howard, I. D 234 Howard, R. L 433 Huffman, G. A 328 Hughes, Frances 257 Hughes, F.J 256 Hunt, J. L 253 Hutchinson, Jonathan 333 I. Inbody, John 416 Infield, Henry 258 J. Jackson, C. H 238 Jackson, G. W 349 Jaques.N.D 240 Jaques, Thomas .377 Jay, Samuel 440 Jeffries, C.L 323 Jenks, Rev. S. E 257 Jewett, W. F 452 John,D. B 357 John, J. B 300 Johnson, Amos 230 Johnson, D. E 445 Johnson, Emmerson 243 Johnson, Ephraim 285 Johnson, I. H 268 Johnson, Jesse 317 Johnson, J. B 422 Johnson, J. F 238 Johnson, Joseph 350 Johnson, S. W 272 Jones, E.W 237 Jones, H. J 425 Jones, Josiah 425 K. Keller, A. D 437 Kelley, Charles 343 Kellogg, H. W 276 Kendall, G.B 408 Kettell, Henry 421 Kinsey, U.B 244 Kinsman, J. C 431 Kions, M. W 233 Knowles, A 454 Koenig, Augustus 424 Krause,A. F 267 Krause, C. "W 406 Kuder, G.W 275 L. Lawrence, G. G 244 Lee, William 242 Libis, Francis 404 Lilley.D. M 337 Linn, J. J 411 Linn, Mason 239 Linn,W.S... ,...419 Livermore, H. N 327 Livingston, W. B 373 Lloyd, E. L 409 Long, Charles 417 Lovejov, J. C 323 Lowery, O. W 353 Lowry, R. A 318 Luccock, Rev. G. N 445 Lunnon, George 432 Lyon, J.L 348 Lyons, Theodore 405 M. Mack, A. J 364 Mack, Willard 271 Manning, Rev. Joseph.. 332 Mantz, P. C 405 Marker, Emanuel 339 jgB^g^^SPgSi MiSn^iiin^MMMwWM r~ '"^r a m a m m a m w m iiB m m m u ti m„m m m m m l t m m m m » m m m m fa m n m- i pB i CONTENTS. Marquart, August 409 Martin, 8. S 289 Martin, T. B 287 Martin, T. W 442 Mathews, J. R 303 Matteson, I. J 432 Maynard, S. C 412 McAllister, W. A 309 McCarthy, John 245 McCrory.W.L 439 McCulley, G. B 307 McDonald, William 357 McDuffle, M. B 265 McKay, John 342 McNaught, "W. A. J 355 Mecum, C. B 367 Merrill, Mrs. E. H 443 Metzger, CO 328 Meyer, Philip 346 Miller, R.W 319 Millett, T. A 260 Mish, J. J 397 Moore, B. C 402 Morden, R. P 274 Morris, D. J 449 Moss, J. E 390 Muir, Robert, Jr 399 Munn, G. W 308 Myers, H. R 412 N. Neal, A. M 365 Neary, R.W 267 Nelson, Swan 309 Noyes, N. G '. .346 Nugent, John 443 O. O'Connor, John 415 Odell, G. M 444 Olds, J. K 315 Olive, Richard 289 Osborn, B. P 454 Osborne, John 270 Oxley, E. T 425 P. Park, C. B 379 Park, O. W 429 Park, W. R 403 Parker, James 326 Parmenter, F. H 385 Paul, W. S 255 Perkins, W. H 322 Perkins, W. H 434 Peterson, Martin 236 Pettit, J. E 388 Phelps, E. P 419 Pierce, W. H 414 Potter, Harvey 241 Q- Quayle, John 455 Quirk, Rev. M. J 434 R. Raver, A. F 240 Ray, J. W ,392 Reece, T. B 286 Reeder, J. M 418 Reese, G. W 349 Reniick, L. B 371 Renner, William 332 Renner,W. H.... 335 Reynolds, Patrick 420 Reynolds, Terrence 359 Rhoads, J. M 251 Rhoad, Samuel 334 Rice, Columbus 368 Rice, F. T 422 Rice, John 441 Richardson, Matthew 351 Richardson, M. H 252 Ridle, J. H 237 Riley, E. H 343 Rinehart, Elhanan 290 Ritchie, L. I 307 Rittgers, H. C 456 Rittgers, S. R 400 Robbins, F. E 239 Roberts, Eli 397 Roberts, Roland 337 Roberts, Thomas 404 Roberts, Rev. Willam 272 Robinson, George 259 Robinson, I. E 447 Robinson, Jonathan 304 Roby, W. G 424 Rogers, H. D 233 Root, D. P 420 Rosa, Francis 284 Rowles, J. A 285 Russell, Caleb ,. . ..327 Russell, J. J 389 Russell, N. F 293 Rutter, S. S 453 Sanders, James 427 Sayers, M. C 270 Schermerhorn, W. S 255 Seaman, R. G 363 Seaman, W. P 378 Semmons, W. J 310 Shannon, A. F 273 Shaw, Joel 320 Shearman, William 380 Sherman, J. M 416 Shipman, Horace 453 Shreve, James 291 Smith, Aaron 386 Smith, J. W 246 Smith, P. A 429 Smittle, Anton 453 Smittle, J. A 397 States, G. W 422 Steele, J. M 269 Stevens, W. R 317 Stevens, William 301 Stewart, Mrs. L. J 360 Stillman, E. B 393 Stilson, Rev. Lyman 381 Stockwell, Levi 341 Stream, P. C 414 Stream, W. C 386 Stream, Wilson 388 Stroud, William 400 Suydam, C. H 280 Swartzendruver 435 T. Tallman, J. H 325 Taylor, S. M 364 Terrill, T. M 369 Thomas, J. R 402 Thomas, L. B 391 Thompson, C. W 438 Thompson, G. W 430 Thompson,L.S 392 Thompson, W. A 276 Thornton, James 369 Toliver, Isom 229 Towers, James 344 Turrill, H. A 414 V. Vader, I. N 398 Vader, J. W 283 Vance, T. W 446 Vest,W. H 438 W. Walrad, Horace 321 Walton, Charles 250 Ward, E. S 395 Warner, S. E 322 Watson, George 39S Way.C.W 283 Weatherson, G. A 366 Weatfeerson, J. H 282 Wells, A. C 369 Wessling, Daniel 330 West, B. F 306 Westervelt, M. B 243 Wherry, J. P 291 White, O.J 263 Whiteside, Samuel 266 Wiggins, S. W 349 Wight, Marion 266 Wilkinson, John 384 Will, Christian 385 Williams, J. D. . 303 Williams, M 345 Williamson, J. B 341 Williamson, J. J 421 Wilson, John 348 Wilson, S. E 374 Wilson, William 431 Winkelman, Benjamin 375 Wood, Robert 250 Woods, B. G 337 Woods, C. A 245 Wright, Ervin 371 Wright, G. W 394 Wyant, G. W 365 Yates, William 345 Young, F. W 456 Youngman, H. A 449 ■«-■"■»«-■■-■' ^■■'■■■BBI z. Zavitz, "W. D 280 Zeitler, Hillburn 277 Zeller, A 324 Zeller, James 298 Zellhoefer, Rev. George 322 Zellhoefer, W. F 320 Zimmerman, Stephen 370 GENERAL HISTORY. Introductory 459 Early History 465 Official Register 474 Political History 477 The Civil War 484 The Press 489 Professional 492 Miscellaneous 496 Jefferson 503 Towns and Villages 511 ►$nj« ^•Record of Carroll County,^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. A. Adams, Edwin 622 Amos, H. W 612 Anderson, L. T 594 Annear, Joseph 597 Armstrong, Alexander 537 Arts, William 613 B. Babcock, C. W 540 Bannister, William 561 Becker, W. L 629 Bedford, Alfred 542 Bedford, Charles 542 Beiter, Nicholas 578 Bell, Harvey 568 Bell, John 635 Berger, Peter 535 Bingham, Samuel 555 Bohnenkamp, J. H 591 Bowman, Samuel 578 Boyce, John 559 Brand, Jacob — ' 545 Brigham, L. P 615 Bruning, Clemens 609 Bruning, J.'H 560 Byerly, J. H 594 C. Carpenter, Henry 561 Charles. F. A 583 Chevalier, J. F 586 Christmas, Daniel 610 Cojclo, C. C 549 Conner, George 563 Cooley, H. J 632 Cooley, I.N 592 Cooney , John 632 Coppock, J. J 631 Couch, C. F 556 Coulter, J.N 533 Culver, M. M 574 D. Davis, Daniel ' 628 Deal, J. K 545 Deshler, J. J 583 Dickey, J. H 617 Dickson, Robert 536 Drees, J. M 564 E. Elliott, Asa 589 Elwood, Thomas 558 Engleman.J. C 622 English, J. W 592 Erp, W. F 596 Everts, DF 579 F. Pendrich, Rev. John 597 Ferguson, George 611 Florencourt, F. F 619 Fobes, E 541 Frisbee,H.M 608 Fuerth, J.J 552 Funk, E. M 549 G. Gabel, H.J 552 Gardner, J. W 552 Gates, H. H..... 595 Geiselhart, Conrad 558 George, Henry 562 Gilley, William 573 Gnam, J. H 628 Graham, J. B 623 Graves, J. J 625 Griffith, 1. N 557 Griffith, J. E 577 Grote, Henry 609 Guthrie,P. M 547 II . Harris, Arista 565 Harris, Isaac 564- Hatfield, A. R 618 Havens, J. 591 Hayner, Robert 604 Heffelfinger, U. S 536 Hemesath, Rev. H. J 543 Henry, S.D 609 Hess, J. P 012 Hesslingh, George 565 Hesslingh, Herman 634 Hilan, David 582 Hinkley, J. D 618 Hobbs, J.W 560 Hoff.W.L 555 Hoffman, Rev. J. P 546 Hood, J. A 595 Horton, Oliver 590 Howard, J. R 587 Hoyt, M. A 620 Hungerford, J. B 628 I. Ingledue, O. C 580 J. Jeffries, George 562 Jerome, Orin 614 Johnson, P.J 621 Jones, U. C 576 K. Kay, J.W 585 Kloke, Henry 613 Kniest, Lambert 630 Kotas, John 587 Krause, F. W 586 Kuhn, Jacob 539 L. Lamont, Peter 577 Lawrence, OS 624 Leibfreid, F. M 585 Louthan, J.H 599 Lynch, William 614 Lyons, L. M 611 M. Maclean, P. M 599 McClue, T. B.. 608 McCormack, G. W 565 McKenna, T. S 590 McQuaid, J. L 601 CONTENTS. Meis, Conrad 627 Miller, Michael 615 Moershell, Ferdinand 546 Mohler, Isaac 550 Moore, O. M 538 Morlan, J. W 548 Morris, C. E 626 Morrow, W. J 603 N. Nestle, John 568 Neu, Charles 539 O. O'Connor, Rev. P. J. .607 P. Paine, G. W 589 Park, Andrew 542 Parker, Cephas 634 Parker, John 602 Parker, T. L 581 Parsons, E. M 540 Patton, TJ. L 559 Platner, W. H 621 Powell, Henry 569 Preston, Sylvester 633 Q- Quint, S. C 582 K. Radeleff, H. D 593 Reever, E. H 604 Reid, T. C 629 Rhoades, Cyrus 625 Ribble, Crockett 616 Richman, E. P 556 Ricke, J. H 557 Ricke, Richard 627 Roberts, Moses 563 Roderick, Thomas 566 Roush, Valentine 566 S. Salinger, B. 1 584 Schelle, P. J 610 Schmich, Michael 554 Schulze, D. & Son 574 Shirk, D. E 538 Smith, M. 8 624 Smith, Seth 575 Soat,H. P i ...556 Soper.O.J 570 Staak, August 551 Stearns, L. A 603 Steigerwalt, W. F 600 Stevens, J. W 619 Stevens, Robert 607 Stokes, George 551 Stoll,L.S 579 Stouffer, P. B 594 Strunk, H. J 626 T. Talbott, A. A 569 Thorn, M. S 624 Toune, E. B 580 Tregloan, W. G 553 Trowbridge, William 543 Tuel, Alexander 634 Turechek, Prank 581 W. Wagner, Theodore 619 Waldron, W. F 567 Wegmann, Rev. Theo 623 Weiland, G. A 602 Weiland, J. J 617 Westbrook, C. H 575 Wetter, George 535 AVhitman, C. S 616 Whitney, J. R 623 Wiedemeier, Joseph 567 Williams, R. R 596 Wilson, Samuel 598 Wine, E. S 588 Winnelt, G. M 548 GENERAL HISTORY. Introductory 639 Early and Civil History 643 Political and Official 661 The Civil War 667 The Press 671 Professional 674 Miscellaneous 678 Carroll 685 Towns and Villages 694 ►$wj« ILLUSTRATIONS. Adams, John 15 Adams, John Quincy 39 Armstrong, T. J 296 Arthur, Chester A 112 Briggs, Ansel 178 Buchanan, James 81 Carpenter, Cyrus C 206 Chambers, John 170 Clarke, James 170 Cleveland, Grover 116 Fillmore, Millard 73 Garfield, James A 108 Gear, John H 214 Gilley, William 572 Grant, Ulysses S 97 Grimes, James W 186 Gulick, J. P 330 Gulick, Mrs 330 Harrison, William Henry 57 Hayes, Rutherford B 103 Hempstead, Stephen 182 Iowa State House 122 Jackson, Andrew 46 Jefferson, Thomas 21 Johnson, Andrew 92 Kirkwood, Samuel J 194 Larrabee, William 222 Lincoln, Abraham 85 Lowe, Ralph P 190 Lucas, Robert 170 Madison, James 27 Merrill, Samuel 202 Monroe, James '. 33 Newbold, Joshua G 210 Pierce, Franklin 77 Polk, James K 65 Sherman, Buren R 218 Stevens, Robert 606 Stone, William M 198 Taylor, Zachary 69 Tyler, John 61 Van Buren, Martin 53 Washington, George 8 White, O.J 262 S? I i £ g i^a'" B"a^i 1 a A ^j. ffl ft^if^ M » M " u » B " aaB "*"*" , '»' a| ' l ''' B " B " , '' B « , l '"*'° lll » ll 'i ''' m ■ is »s I si i H I < I! . ipBggaiggg agsgsgs gaggBagBgags sBEgg ^ ft SI 1 ' I 'fit f 1! li 31 in Hi i Ste.^ • as^J-KieSESHsiSa -*S -^i*ii?ife ir^M»^^5! ^\ ■*' ~ll' ^_'*2m SSac/uaSd! !i*_? '~y<™-«^M* "Hi 'M '.fit It? iff i L>l< il s - it < ft BIS >Lt (IS IS m I n l» M »»B g »nscii»aM Pi? aa°Bi«CTBiM 5«E«Sm - »»»»m»« BCMgasaaa E£™siSI is w i EORGE WASHING- TON, the " Father of his Country" and its first President, 1 789- '97, was born Febru- ary 22, 1732, in Wash- ington Parish, West- moreland County, Virginia. His father, Augustine Wash- ington, first married Jane But- ler, who bore him four chil- dren, and March 6, 1730, he married Mary Ball. Of six children by his second mar- riage, George was the eldest, the others being Betty, Samuel, John, Au- gustine, Charles and Mildred, of whom the youngest died in infancy. Little is known of the early years of Washington, beyond the fact that the house in which he was born was burned during his early child- hood, and that his father thereupon moved to another farm, inherited from his paternal ancestors, situated in Stafford County, on the north bank'of the Rappahannock, where he arcted as agent of the Principio Iron Works in the immediate vicinity, and died there in 1743. From earliest childhood George devel- oped a noble character. He had a vigorous constitution, a fine form, and great bodily strength. His education was somewhat de- fective, being confined to the elementary branches taught him by his mother and at a neighboring school. He developed, how- ever, a fondness for mathematics, and en- joyed in that branch the instructions of a private teacher. On leaving school he re- sided for some time at Mount Vernon with his half brother, Lawrence, who acted as his guardian, and who had married a daugh- ter of his neighbor at Belvoir on the Poto- mac, the wealthy William Fairfax; for some time president of the executive council of the colony. Both Fairfax and his son-in-law, Lawrence Washington, had served with dis- tinction in 1740 as officers of an American battalion at the siege of Carthagena, and were friends and correspondents of Admiral Vernon, for whom the latter's residence on the Potomac has been named. George's inclinations were for a similar career, and a midshipman's warrant was procured for him, probably through the influence of the Admiral ; but through the opposition of his mother the project was abandoned. The family connection with the Fairfaxes, how- ever, opened another career for the young man, who, at the age of sixteen, was ap- pointed surveyor to the immense estates of the eccentric Lord Fairfax, who was then on a visit at Belvoir, and who shortly after- ward established his baronial residence at Greenway Court, in the Shenandoah Valley. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Three years were passed by young Wash- ington in a rough frontier life, gaining ex- perience which afterward proved very es- sential to him. In 175 1, when the Virginia militia were put under training with a view to active service against France, Washington, though only nineteen years of age, was appointed Adjutant with the rank of Major. In Sep- tember of that year the failing health of Lawrence Washington rendered it neces- sary for him to seek a warmer climate, and George accompanied him in a voyage to Barbadoes. They returned early in 1752, and Lawrence shortly afterward died, leav- ing his large property to an infant daughter. In his will George was named one of the executors and as eventual heir to Mount Vernon, and by the death of the infant niece soon succeeded to that estate. On the arrival of Robert Dinwiddie as Lieutenant-Governor of Virginia in 1752 the militia was reorganized, and the prov- ince divided into four districts. Washing- ton was commissioned by Dinwiddie Adju- tant-General of the Northern District in 1753, and in November of that year a most important as well as hazardous mission was assigned him. This was to proceed to the Canadian posts recently established on French Creek, near Lake Erie, to demand in the name of the King of England the withdrawal of the French from a territory claimed by Virginia. This enterprise had been declined by more than one officer, since it involved a journey through an ex- tensive and almost unexplored wilderness in the occupancy of savage Indian tribes, either hostile to the English, or of doubtful attachment. Major Washington, however, accepted the commission with alacrity ; and, accompanied by Captain Gist, he reached Fort Le Boeuf on French Creek, delivered his dispatches and received reply, which, of course, was a polite refusal to surrender the posts. This reply was of such a character as to induce the Assembly of Virginia tb authorize the executive to raise a regiment of 300 men for the purpose of maintaining the asserted rights of the British crown over the territory claimed. As Washing- ton declined to be a candidate for that post, the command of this regiment was given to Colonel Joshua Fry, and Major Washing- ton, at his own request, was commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel. On the march to Ohio, news was received that a party previously sent to build a fort at the confluence of the Monongahela with the Ohio had been driven back by a considerable French force, which had completed the work there be- gun, and named it Fort Duquesne, in honor of the Marquis Duquesne, then Governor of Canada. This was the beginning of the great " French and Indian war," which con- tinued seven years. On the death of Colonel Fry, Washington succeeded to the com- mand of the regiment, and so well did he fulfill his trust that the Virginia Assembly commissioned him as Commander-in-Chief of all the forces raised in the colony. A cessation of all Indian hostility on the frontier having followed the expulsion of the French from the Ohio, the object of Washington was accomplished and he re- signed his commission as Commander-in- Chief of the Virginia forces. He then pro- ceeded to Williamsburg to take his seat in the General Assembly, of which he had been elected a member. January 17, 1759, Washington married Mrs. Martha (Dandridge) Custis, a young and beautiful widow of great wealth, and de- voted himself for the ensuing fifteen years to the quiet pursuits of agriculture, inter- rupted only by his annual attendance in winter upon the Colonial Legislature at Williamsburg, until summoned by his country to enter upon that other arena in which his fame was to become world wide. It is unnecessary here to trace the details of the struggle upon the question of local B»*« l «»M»W|-M»> » »iHI_M i »W M W M » M W M W M W ,l» M » M B, g M M_M»B,ai M » M M M M„a M l« m W H , M B ,n m I B a lll M anilU'l l ie»! GEORGE WASHINGTON. self-government, which, after ten years, cul- minated by act of Parliament of the port of Boston. It was at the instance of Virginia that a congress of all the colonies was called to meet at Philadelphia September 5, 1774, to secure their common liberties — if possible by peaceful means. To this Congress Colonel Washington was sent as a dele- gate. On dissolving in October, it recom- mended the colonies to send deputies to another Congress the following spring. In the meantime several of the colonies felt impelled to raise local forces to repel in- sults and aggressions on the part of British troops, so that on the assembling of the next Congress, May 10, 1775, the war prepara- tions of the mother country were unmis- takable. The battles of Concord and Lex- ington had been fought. Among the earliest acts, therefore, of the Congress was the selection of a commander-in-chief of the colonial forces. This office was unani- mously conferred upon Washington, still a member of the Congress. He accepted it on June 19, but on the express condition he should receive no salary. He immediately repaired to the vicinity of Boston, against which point the British ministry had concentrated their forces. As early as April General Gage had 3,000 troops in and around this proscribed city. During the fall and winter the British policy clearly indicated a purpose to divide pub- lic sentiment and to build up a British party in the colonies. Those who sided with the ministry were stigmatized by the patriots as " Tories," while the patriots took to them- selves the name of " Whigs." As early as 1776 the leading men had come to the conclusion that there was no hope except in separation and indepen- dence. In May of that year Washington wrote from the head of the army in New York: "A reconciliation with Great Brit- ain is impossible When I took command of the army, I abhorred the idea of independence ; but I am now fully satis- fied that nothing else will save us." It is not the object of this sketch to trace the military acts of the patriot hero, to whose hands the fortunes and liberties of the United States were confided during the seven years' bloody struggle that ensued until the treaty of 1783, in which England acknowledged the independence of each of the thirteen States, and negotiated with them, jointly, as separate sovereignties. The merits of Washington as a military chief- tain have been considerably discussed, espe- cially by writers in his own country. Dur- ing the war he was most bitterly assailed for incompetency, and great efforts were made to displace him ; but he never for a moment lost the confidence of either the Congress or the people. December 4, 1783, the great commander took leave of his offi- cers in most affectionate and patriotic terms, and went to Annapolis, Maryland, where the Congress of the States was in session, and to that body, when peace and order prevailed everywhere, resigned his com- mission and retired to Mount Vernon. It was in 1788 that Washington was called to the chief magistracy of the nation. He received every electoral vote cast in all the colleges of the States voting for the office of President. The 4th of March, 1789, was the time appointed for the Government of the United States to begin its operations, but several weeks elapsed before quorums of both the newly constituted houses of the Congress were assembled. The city Of New York was the place where the Congress then met. April 16 Washington left his home to enter upon the discharge, of his new duties. He set out with a purpose of traveling privately, and without attracting any public attention ; but this was impossi- ble. Everywhere on his way he was met with thronging crowds, eager to see the man whom they regarded as the chief de- fender of their liberties, and everywhere ii ^^^^^^^^^ B^BSSaSaSSSSS ^ SSSS^nSmSS ^SsSM. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 1 he was hailed with those public manifesta- tions of joy, regard and love which spring spontaneously from the hearts of an affec- tionate and grateful people. His reception in New York was marked by a grandeur and ail enthusiasm never before witnessed in that metropolis. The inauguration took place April 30, in the presence of an immense multitude which had assembled to witness the new and imposing ceremony. The oath of office was administered by Robert R. Livingston, Chancellor of the State. When this sacred pledge was given, he retired with the other officials into the Senate chamber, where he delivered his inaugural address to both houses of the newly con- stituted Congress in joint assembly. In the manifold details of his civil ad- ministration, Washington proved himself equal to the requirements of his position. The greater portion of the first session of the first Congress was occupied in passing the necessary statutes for putting the new organization into complete operation. In the discussions brought up in the course of this legislation the nature and character of the new system came under general review. On no one of them did any decided antago- nism of opinion arise. All held it to be a limited government, clothed only with spe- cific powers conferred by delegation from the States. There was no change in the name of the legislative department ; it still remained "the Congress of the United States of America." There was no change in the original flag of the country, and none in the seal, which still remains with the Grecian escutcheon borne by the eagle, with other emblems, under the great and expressive motto, " E Pluribus Unum." The first division of parties arose upon the manner of construing the powers dele- gated, and they were first styled "strict constructionists " and " latitudinarian con- structionists." The former were for con- fining the action of the Government strictly within its specific and limited sphere, while the others were for enlarging its powers by inference and implication. Hamilton and Jefferson, both members of the first cabinet, were regarded as the chief leaders, respect- ively, of these rising antagonistic parties, which have existed, under different names, from that day to this. Washington was re- garded as holding a neutral position between them, though, by mature deliberation, he vetoed the first apportionment bill, in 1790, passed by the party headed by Hamilton, which was based upon a principle construct- ively leading to centralization or consoli- dation. This was the first exercise of the veto power under the present Constitution. It created considerable excitement at the time. Another bill was soon passed in pur- suance of Mr. Jefferson's views, which has been adhered to in principle in every ap- portionment act passed since. At the second session of the new Con- gress, Washington announced the gratify- ing fact of " the accession of North Caro- lina" to the Constitution of 1787, and June 1 of the same year he announced by special message the like " accession of the State of Rhode Island," with his congratulations on the happy event which " united under the general Government" all the States which were originally confederated. In 1792, at the second Presidential elec- tion, Washington was desirous to retire ; but he yielded to the general wish of the country, and was again chosen President by the unanimous vote of every electoral college. At the third election, 1796, he was again most urgently entreated to consent to remain in the executive chair. This he positively refused. In September, before the election, he gave to his countrymen his memorable Farewell Address, which in lan- guage, sentiment and patriotism was a fit and crowning glory of his illustrious life. After March 4, 1797, he again retired to Mount Vernon for peace, quiet and repose. GEORGE WASHINGTON. 13 His administration for the two terms had been successful beyond the expectation and hopes of even the most sanguine of his friends. The finances of the country were no longer in an embarrassed condition, the public credit was fully restored, life was given to every department of industry, the workings of the new system in allowing Congress to raise revenue from duties on imports proved to be not only harmonious in its federal action, but astonishing in its results upon the commerce and trade of all the States. The exports from the Union increased from $19,000,000 to over $56,000,- 000 per annum, while the imports increased in about the same proportion. Three new members had been added to the Union. The progress of the States in their new career under their new organization thus far was exceedingly encouraging, not only to the friends of liberty within their own limits, but to their sympathizing allies in all climes and countries. Ol the call again made on this illustrious chief to quit his repose at Mount Vernon and take command of all the United States forces, with the rank of Lieutenant-General, when war was threatened with France in 1798, nothing need here be stated, except to note the fact as an unmistakable testimo- nial of the high regard in which he was still held by his countrymen, of all shades of po- litical opinion. He patriotically accepted this trust, but a treaty of peace put a stop to all action under it. He again retired to Mount Vernon, where, after a short and severe illness, he died December 14, 1799, in the sixty-eighth year of his age. The whole country was filled with gloom by this sad intelligence. Men of all parties in poli- tics and creeds in religion, in every State in the Union, united with Congress in " pay- ing honor to the man, first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his country- men." His remains were deposited in a family vault on the banks of the Potomac at Mount Vernon, where they still lie entombed. 3EEgBSg5 IG5HigB»gg5BBB igg PRESIDENTS OF TtiE UNITED STATES. OHN ADAMS, the second President of the United States, 1797 to 1801, was born in the present town of Quincy, then a portion of Braintree, Massachu- setts, October 30, 1735. His father was a farmer of mod- erate means, a worthy and industrious man. He was a deacon in the church, and was very desirous of giving his son a collegiate educa- tion, hoping that he would become a minister of the gospel. But, as up to this time, the age of fourteen, he had been only a play-boy in the fields and forests, he had no taste for books, he chose farming. On being set to work, however, by his father out in the field, the very first day con- verted the boy into a lover of Books. Accordingly, at the age of sixteen he entered Harvard College, and graduated in 1755, at the age of twenty, highly esteemed for integrity, energy and ability. Thus, having no capital but his education, he started out into the stormy world at a time of great political excitement, as France and England were then engaged in their great seven-years struggle for the mastery over the New World. The fire of patriotism seized young Adams, and for a time he studied over the question whether he should take to the law, to politics or the army. He wrote a remarkable letter to a friend, making prophecies concerning the future greatness of this country which have since been more than fulfilled. For two years he taughf school and studied law, wasting no odd moments, and at the early age of twenty-two years he opened a law office in his native town. His inherited powers of mind and untiring devotion to his profession caused him to rise rapidly in public esteem. In October, 1764, Mr. Adams married Miss Abigail Smith, daughter of a clergy- man at Weymouth and a lady of rare per- sonal and intellectual endowments, who afterward contributed much to her hus- band's celebrity. Soon the oppression of the British in America reached its climax. The Boston merchants employed an attorney by the name of James Otis to argue the legality of oppressive tax law before the Superior Court. Adams heard the argument, and afterward wrote to a friend concerning the ability displayed, as follows : " Otis was a flame of fire. With a promptitude of classical allusion, a depth of research, a rapid summary of historical events and dates, a profusion of legal authorities and a .,!»" *i ■»■■»»■»■■■ 'a'"" »'■' *s»»»,»»i»s»s»s»i yOtfTV ADAMS. prophetic glance into futurity, he hurried away all before him. American independence was then and there born. Every man of an immensely crowded audience appeared to me to go away, as I did, ready to take up arms." Soon Mr. Adams wrote an essay to be read before the literary club of his town, upon the state of affairs, which was so able as to attract public attention. It was pub- lished in American journals, republished in England, and was pronounced by the friends of the colonists there as " one of the very best productions ever seen from North America." The memorable Stamp Act was now issued, and Adams entered with all the ardor of his soul into political life in order to resist it. He drew up a series of reso- lutions remonstrating against the act, which were adopted at a public meeting of the citizens of Braintree, and which were sub- sequently adopted, word for word, by more than forty towns in the State. Popular commotion prevented the landing of the Stamp Act papers, and the English author- ities then closed the courts. The town of Boston therefore appointed Jeremy Grid- ley, James Otis and John Adams to argue a petition before the Governor and council for the re-opening of the courts ; and while the two first mentioned attorneys based their argument upon the distress caused to the people by the measure, Adams boldly claimed that the Stamp Act was a violation both of the English Constitution and the charter of the Provinces. It is said that this was the first direct denial of the un- limited right of Parliament over the colo- nies. Soon after this the Stamp Act was repealed. Directly Mr. Adams was employed to defend Ansell Nickerson, who had killed an Englishman in the act of impressing him (Nickerson) into the King's service, and his client was acquitted, the court thus estab- lishing the principle that the infamous royal prerogative of impressment could have no existence in the colonial code. But in 1770 Messrs. Adams and Josiah Quincy defended a party of British soldiers who had been arrested for murder when they had been only obeying Governmental orders ; and when reproached for thus ap- parently deserting the cause of popular liberty, Mr. Adams replied that he would a thousandfold rather live under the domina- tion of the worst of England's kings than under that of a lawless mob. Next, after serving a term as a member of the Colonial Legislature from Boston, Mr. Adams, find- ing his health affected by too great labor, retired to his native home at Braintree. The year 1774 soon arrived, with its fa- mous Boston " Tea Party," the first open act of rebellion. Adams was sent to the Congress at Philadelphia; and when the Attorney-General announced that Great Britain had " determined on her system, and that her power to execute it was irre- sistible," Adams replied : " I know that Great Britain has determined on her sys- tem, and that very determination deter- mines me on mine. You know that I have been constant in my opposition to her measures. The die is now cast. I have passed the Rubicon. Sink or swim, live or die, with my country, is my unalterable determination." The rumor beginning to prevail at Philadelphia that the Congress had independence in view, Adams foresaw that it was too soon to declare it openly. He advised every one to remain quiet in that respect ; and as soon* as it became ap- parent that he himself was for independ- ence, he was advised to hide himself, which he did. The next year the great Revolutionary war opened in earnest, and Mrs. Adams, residing near Boston, kept her husband ad- vised by letter of all the events transpiring in her vicinity. The battle of Bunker Hill l- RES I DENTS OF THE UNITED STATES a came on. Congress had to do something immediately. The first thing was to choose a commander-in-chief for the — we can't say " army " — the fighting men of the colonies. The New England delegation was almost unanimous in favor of appoint- ing General Ward, then at the head of the Massachusetts forces, but Mr. Adams urged the appointment of George Washington, then almost unknown outside of his own State. He was appointed without oppo- sition. Mr. Adams offered the resolution, which was adopted, annulling all the royal authority in the colonies. Having thus prepared the way, a few weeks later, viz., June 7, 1776, Richard Henry Lee, of Vir- ginia, who a few months before had declared that the British Government would aban- don its oppressive measures, now offered the memorable resolution, seconded by Adams, " that these United States are, and of right ought to be, free and independent." Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman and Livingston were then appointed a commit- tee to draught a declaration of independ- ence. Mr. Jefferson desired Mr. Adams to draw up the bold document, but the latter persuaded Mr. Jefferson to perform that responsible task. The Declaration drawn up, Mr. Adams became its foremost defender on the floor of Congress. It was signed by all the fifty-five members present, and the next day Mr. Adams wrote to his wife how great a deed was done, and how proud he was of it. Mr. Adams continued to be the leading man of Congress, and the leading advocate of American inde- pendence. Above all other Americans, he was considered by every one the prin- cipal shining mark for British vengeance. Thus circumstanced, he was appointed to the most dangerous task of crossing the ocean in winter, exposed to capture by the British, who knew of his mission, which was to visit Paris and solicit the co-opera- tion of the French. Besides, to take him- self away from the country of which he was the most prominent defender, at that critical time, was an act of the greatest self- sacrifice. Sure enough, while crossing the sea, he had two very narrow escapes from capture ; and the transit was otherwise a stormy and eventful one. During thc- summe'r of 1779 he returned home, but was immediately dispatched back to France, to be in readiness there to negotiate terms of peace and commerce with Great Britain as soon as the latter power was ready for such business. But as Dr. Franklin was more popular than he at the court of France, Mr. Adams repaired to Holland, where he was far more successful as a diplomatist. The treaty of peace between the United States and England was finally signed at Paris, January 21, 1783; and the re-action from so great excitement as Mr. Adams had so long been experiencing threw him into a dangerous fever. Before he fully re- covered he was in London, whence he was dispatched again to Amsterdam to negoti- ate another loan. Compliance with this order undermined his physical constitution for life. In 1785 Mr. Adams was appointed envoy to the court of St. James, to meet face to face the very king who had regarded him as an arch traitor! Accordingly he re- paired thither, where he did actually meet and converse with George III.! After a residence there for about three years, he obtained permission to return to America. While in London he wrote and published an able work, in three volumes, entitled : " A Defense of the American Constitution." The Articles of Confederation proving inefficient, as Adams had prophesied, a carefully draughted Constitution was adopted in 1789, when George Washington was elected President of the new nation, and Adams Vice-President. Congress met for a time in New York, but was removed to Philadelphia for ten years, until suitable ■■'■■■'■■■■■■■■ JOHN ADAMS. ■.«-■■■ ■ „ ■..■.. ■Jll^J 19 4' Hi buildings should be erected at the new capital in the District of Columbia. Mr. Adams then moved his family to Phila- delphia. Toward the close of his term of office the French Revolution culminated, when Adams and Washington rather sympathized with England, and Jefferson with France. The Presidential election of 1796 resulted in giving Mr. Adams the first place by a small majority, and Mr. Jeffer- son the second place. Mr. Adams's administration was consci- entious, patriotic and able. The period was a turbulent one, and even an archangel could not have reconciled the hostile par- ties. Partisanism with reference to Eng- land and France was bitter, and for four years Mr. Adams struggled through almost a constant tempest of assaults. In fact, he was not truly a popular man, and his cha- grin at not receiving a re-election was so great that he did not even remain at Phila- delphia to witness the inauguration of Mr. Jefferson, his successor. The friendly intimacy between these two men was interrupted for about thirteen years of their life. Adams finally made the first advances toward a restoration of their mutual friend- ship, which were gratefully accepted by Jefferson. Mr. Adams was glad of his opportunity to retire to private lile, where he could rest his mind and enjoy the comforts of home. By a thousand bitter experiences he found the path of public duty a thorny one. For twenty-six years his service of the public was as arduous, self-sacrificing and devoted as ever fell to the lot of man. In one im- portant sense he was as much the " Father of his Country " as was Washington in another sense. During these long years of anxiety and toil, in which he was layingi broad and deep, the foundations of the greatest nation the sun ever shone upon, he received from his impoverished country a meager support. The only privilege he carried with him into his retirement was that of franking his letters. Although taking no active part in public affairs, both himself and his son, John Quincy, nobly supported the policy of Mr. Jefferson in resisting the encroachments of England, who persisted in searching American ships on the high seas and dragging from them any sailors that might be designated by any pert lieutenant as British subjects. Even for this noble sup- port Mr. Adams was maligned by thou- sands of bitter enemies ! On this occasion, for the first time since his .retirement, he broke silence and drew up a very able paper, exposing the atrocity of the British pretensions. Mr. Adams outlived nearly all his family. Though his physical frame began to give way many years before his death, his mental powers retained their strength and vigor to the last. In his ninetieth year he was gladdened by the popular elevation of his son to the Presidential office, the highest in the gift of the people. A few months more passed away and the 4th of July, 1826, arrived. The people, unaware of the near approach of the end of two great lives — that of Adams and Jefferson — were making unusual preparations for a national holiday. Mr. Adams lay upon his couch, listening to the ringing of bells, the waftures of martial music and the roar of cannon, with silent emotion. Only four days before, he had given for a public toast,*" Independence forever." About two o'clock in the after- noon he said, "And Jefferson still survives." But he was mistaken by an hour or so; and in a few minutes he had breathed his last. B-^jb - wJSj^lj ■~™ — — ~ ,«_■„». » .«,. M .H. I ll. « .M.«_«.l.. l ■■■■■■■-■■■■ ■ -■■ "S "i PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. fHOMAS JEFFER- son, the third Presi- dent of the United States, i8oi-'9, was born April 2, 1743, the eldest child of his parents, Peter and Jane (Randolph) Jef- ferson, near Charlottes- ville, Albemarle County, Virginia, upon the slopes of the Blue Ridge. When he -was fourteen years of age, his father died, leav- ing a widow and eight children. She was a beau- tiful and accomplished lady, a good letter-writer, with a fund of humor, and an admirable housekeeper. His parents belonged to the Church of England, and are said to be of Welch origin. But little is known of them, however. Thomas was naturally of a serious turn of mind, apt to learn, and a favorite at school, his choice studies being mathemat- ics and the classics. At the age of seven- teen he entered William and Mary College, in an advanced class, and lived in rather an expensive style, consequently being much caressed by gay society. That he was not ruined, is proof of his stamina of character. But during his second year he discarded society, his horses and even his favorite violin, and devoted thenceforward fifteen hours a day to hard study, becoming ex- traordinarily proficient in Latin and Greek authors. On leaving college, before he was twenty- one, he commenced the study of law, and pursued it diligently until he was well qualified for practice, upon which he entered in 1767. By this time he was also versed in French, Spanish, Italian and An- glo-Saxon, and in the criticism of the fine arts. Being very polite and polished in his manners, he won the friendship of all whom he met. Though able with his pen, he was not fluent in public speech. In 1769 he was chosen a member of the Virginia Legislature, and was the largest slave-holding member of that body. He introduced a bill empowering slave-holders to manumit their slaves, but it was rejected by an overwhelming vote. In 1770 Mr. Jefferson met with a great loss ; his house at Shadwell was burned, and his valuable library of 2,000 volumes was consumed. But he was wealthy enough to replace the most of it, as from his 5,000 acres tilled by slaves and his practice at the bar his income amounted to about $5,000 a year. In 1772 he married Mrs. Martha Skelton, a beautiful, wealthy and accomplished '■■.».» .,Br».». THOMAS JEFFERSON. young widow, who owned 40,000 acres of land and 130 slaves; yet he labored assidu- ously for the abolition of slavery. For his new home he selected a majestic rise of land upon his large estate at Shadwell, called Monticello, whereon he erected a mansion of modest yet elegant architecture. Here he lived in luxury, indulging his taste in magnificent, high-blooded horses. At this period the British Government gradually became more insolent and op- pressive toward the American colonies, and Mr. Jefferson was ever one of the most foremost to resist its encroachments. From time to time he drew up resolutions of re- monstrance, which were finally adopted, thus proving his ability as a statesman and as a leader. By the year 1774 he became quite busy, both with voice and pen, in de- fending the right of the colonies to defend themselves. His pamphlet entitled : " A Summary View of the Rights of British America," attracted much attention in Eng- land. The following year he, in company with George Washington, served as an ex- ecutive committee in measures to defend by arms the State of Virginia. As a Mem- ber of the Congress, he was not a speech- maker, yet in conversation and upon committees he was so frank and decisive that he always made a favorable impression. But as late as the autumn of 1775 he re- mained in hopes of reconciliation with the parent country. At length, however, the hour arrived for draughting the " Declaration of Indepen- dence," and this responsible task was de- volved upon Jefferson. Franklin, and Adams suggested a few verbal corrections before it was submitted to Congress, which was June 28, 1776, only six days before it was adopted. During the three days of the fiery ordeal of criticism through which it passed in Congress, Mr. Jefferson opened not his lips. John Adams was the main champion of the Declaration on the floor of Congress. The signing of this document was one of the most solemn and momentous occasions ever attended to by man. Prayer and silence reigned throughout the hall, and each signer realized that if American independence was not finally sustained by arms he was doomed to the scaffold. After the colonies became independent States, Jefferson resigned for a time his seat in Congress in order to aid in organizing the government of Virginia, of which State he was chosen Governor in 1779, when he was thirty-six years of age. At this time the British had possession of Georgia and were invading South Carolina, and at one time a British officer, Tarleton, sent a secret expedition to Monticello to capture the Governor. Five minutes after Mr. Jefferson escaped with his family, his man- sion was in possession of the enemy ! The British troops also destroyed his valuable plantation on the James River. " Had they carried off the slaves," said Jefferson, with characteristic magnanimity, " to give them freedom, they would have done right." The year 1781 was a gloomy one for the Virginia Governor. While confined to his secluded home in the forest by a sick and dying wife, a party arose against him throughout the State, severely criticising his course as Governor. Being very sensi- tive to reproach, this touched him to the quick, and the heap of troubles then sur- rounding him nearly crushed him. He re- solved, in despair, to retire from public life for the rest of his days. For weeks Mr. Jefferson sat lovingly, but with a crushed heart, at the bedside of his sick wife, during which time unfeeling letters were sent to him, accusing him of weakness and unfaith- fulness to duty. All this, after he had lost so much property and at the same time done so much for his country ! After her death he actually fainted away, and re- mained so long insensible that it was feared he never would recover ! Several weeks a »i.Hj»i -4 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. I' passed before he could fully recover his equilibrium. He was never married a second time. In the spring of 1782 the people of Eng- ' land compelled their king to make to the Americans overtures of peace, and in No- vember following, Mr. Jefferson was reap- pointed by Congress, unanimously and without a single adverse remark, minister plenipotentiary to negotiate a treaty. In March, 1784, Mr. Jefferson was ap- pointed on a committee to draught a plan for the government of the Northwestern Territory. His slavery-prohibition clause in that plan was stricken out by the pro- slavery majority of the committee; but amid all the controversies and wrangles of poli- ticians, he made it a rule never to contra- dict anybody or engage in any discussion as a debater. In company with Mr. Adams and Dr. Franklin, Mr. Jefferson was appointed in May, 1784, to act as minister plenipotentiary in the negotiation of treaties of commerce with foreign nations. Accordingly, he went to Paris and satisfactorily accomplished his mission. The suavity and high bearing of his manner made all the French his friends; and even Mrs. Adams at one time wrote to her sister that he was " the chosen of the earth." But all the honors that he received, both at home and abroad, seemed to make no change in the simplicity of his republican tastes. On his return to America, he found two parties respecting the foreign commercial policy, Mr. Adams sympathizing with that in favor of England and himself favoring France. On the inauguration of General Wash- ington as President, Mr. Jefferson was chosen by him for the office of Secretary of State. At this time the rising storm of the French Revolution became visible, and Washington watched it with great anxiety. His cabinet was divided in their views of constitutional government as well as re- garding the issues in France. General Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, was the leader of the so-called Federal party, while Mr. Jefferson was the leader of the Republican party. At the same time there was a strong monarchical party in this country, with which Mr. Adams sympa- thized. Some important financial measures, which were proposed by Hamilton and finally adopted by the cabinet and approved by., Washington, were opposed by Mr. Jefferson ; and his enemies then began to reproach him with holding office under an administration whose views he opposed. The President poured oil on the troubled waters. On his re-election to the Presi- dency he desired Mr. Jefferson to remain in the cabinet, but the latter sent in his resignation at two different times, probably because he was dissatisfied with some of the measures of the Government. His final one was not received until January 1, 1794, when General Washington parted from him with great regret. Jefferson then retired to his quiet home at Monticello, to enjoy a good rest, not even reading the newspapers lest the political gossip should disquiet him. On the Presi- dent's again calling him back to the office of Secretary of State, he replied that no circumstances would ever again tempt him to engage in anything public ! But, while all Europe was ablaze with war, and France in the throes of a bloody revolution and the principal theater of the conflict, a new Presidential election in this country came on. John Adams was the Federal candi- date and Mr. Jefferson became the Republi- can candidate. The result of the election was the promotion of the latter to the Vice- Presidency, while the former was chosen President. In this contest Mr. Jefferson really did not desire to have either office, he was " so weary " of party strife. He loved the retirement of home more than any other place on the earth. - p m 8» a w B W| M a M a M a^ ia , B M K m w m i B M i » „ m m w^ B m a Ml t M B CTr »iB M M » M, a M M,iii_ a M M»M M w , i» M M M a m M w MJM gw THOMAS JEFFERSON. 25 L But for four long years his Vice-Presi- dency passed joylessly away, while the partisan strife between Federalist and Re- publican was ever growing hotter. The former party split and the result of the fourth general election was the elevation of Mr. Jefferson to the Presidency ! with Aaron Burr as Vice-President. These men being at the head of a growing party, their election was hailed everywhere with joy. On the other hand, many of the Federalists turned pale, as they believed what a portion of the pulpit and the press had been preach- ing — that Jefferson was a " scoffing atheist," a "Jacobin," the " incarnation of all evil," " breathing threatening and slaughter ! " Mr. Jefferson's inaugural address con- tained nothing but the noblest sentiments, expressed in fine language, and his personal behavior afterward exhibited the extreme of American, democratic simplicity. His disgust of European court etiquette grew upon him with age. He believed that General Washington was somewhat dis- trustful of the ultimate success of a popular Government, and that, imbued with a little admiration of the forms of a monarchical Government, he had instituted levees, birth- days, pompous meetings with Congress, etc. Jefferson was always polite, even to slaves everywhere he met them, and carried in his countenance the indications of an ac- commodating disposition. The political principles of the Jeffersoni- an party now swept the country, and Mr. Jefferson himself swayed an influence which was never exceeded even by Washington. Under his administration, in 1803, the Lou- isiana purchase was made, for $15,000,000, the " Louisiana Territory " purchased com- prising all the land west of the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. The year 1804 witnessed another severe loss in his family. His highly accomplished and most beloved daughter Maria sickened and died, causing as great grief in the stricken parent as it was possible for him to survive with any degree of sanity. The same year he was re-elected to the Presidency, with George Clinton as Vice- President. During his second term our relations with England became more com- plicated, and on June 22, 1807, near Hamp- ton Roads, the United States frigate Chesapeake was fired upon by the Brit- ish man-of-war Leopard, and was made to surrender. Three men were killed and ten wounded. Jefferson demanded repara- tion. England grew insolent. It became evident that war was determined upon by the latter power. More than 1,200 Ameri- cans were forced into the British service upon the high seas. Before any satisfactory solution was reached, Mr. Jefferson's Presidential term closed. Amid all these public excitements he thought constantly of the welfare of his family, and longed for the time when he could return home to remain. There, at Monticello, his sub- sequent life was very similar to that of Washington at Mt. Vernon. His hospi- tality toward his numerous friends, indul- gence of his slaves, and misfortunes to his property, etc., finally involved him in debt. For years his home resembled a fashion- able watering-place. During the summer, thirty-seven house servants were required ! It was presided over by his daughter, Mrs. Randolph. Mr. Jefferson did much for the establish- ment of the University at Charlottesville, making it unsectarian, in keeping with the spirit of American institutions, but poverty and the feebleness of old age prevented him from doing what he would. He even went so far as to petition the Legislature for permission to dispose of some of his possessions by lottery, in order to raise the necessary funds for home expenses. It was granted ; but before the plan was carried out, Mr. Jeffdrson died, July 4, 1826, at 12:50 P. M. m' \\\ AMES MADISON, the fourth President of the United States, i8oo-'i7, was born at Port Con- way, Prince George County, Virginia, March 16, 175 1. His father, Colonel James Madison, was a wealthy planter, residing upon a very fine estate called " Montpelier," only twenty-five miles from the home of Thomas Jefferson at Monticello. The closest personal and political at- tachment existed between these illustrious men from their early youth until death. James was the eldest of a family of seven children, four sons and three daughters, all of whom attained maturity. His early edu- cation was conducted mostly at home, under a private tutor. Being naturally in- tellectual in his tastes, he consecrated him- self with unusual vigor to studj . At a very early age he made considerable proficiency in the Greek, Latin, French and Spanish languages. In 1769 he entered Princeton College, New Jersey, of which the illus- trious Dr. Weatherspoon was then Presi- dent. He graduated in 1771, with a char- acter of the utmost purity, and a mind highly disciplined and stored with all the learning which embellished and gave effi- ciency to his subsequent career. After graduating he pursued a course of reading for several months, under the guidance of President Weatherspoon, and in 1772 re- turned to Virginia, where he continued in incessant study for two years, nominally directed to the law, but really including extended researches in theology, philoso- phy and general literature. The Church of England was the estab- lished church in Virginia, invested with all the prerogatives and immunities which it enjoyed in the fatherland, and other de- nominations labored under serious disabili- ties, the enforcement of which was rightly or wrongly characterized by them as per- secution. Madison took a prominent stand in behalf of the removal of all disabilities, repeatedly appeared in the court of his own county to defend the Baptist nonconform- ists, and was elected from Orange County to the Virginia Convention in the spring of 1766, when he signalized the beginning of his public career by procuring the passage of an amendment to the Declaration of Rights as prepared by George Mason, sub- stituting for " toleration" a more emphatic assertion of religious liberty. B^M^a.. <■« ■«■.. IB,.»^l^ J dsCcs-^ ^^CC ecs#^o? ^%, JAMES MADISON. In 1776 he was elected a member of the Virginia Convention to frame the Constitu- tion of the State. Like Jefferson, he took but little part in the public debates. His main strength lay in his conversational in- fluence and in his pen. In November, 1777, he was chosen a member of the Council of State, and in March, 1780, took his seat in the Continental Congress, where he first gained prominence through his energetic opposition to the issue of paper money by the States. He continued in Congress three vears, one of its most active and influential members. In 1784 Mr. Madison was elected a mem- ber of the Virginia Legislature. He ren- dered important service by promoting and participating in that revision of the statutes which effectually abolished the remnants of the feudal system subsistent up to that time in the form of entails, primogeniture, and State support given the Anglican Church ; and his " Memorial and Remon- strance" against a general assessment for the support of religion is one of the ablest papers which emanated from his pen. It settled the question of the entire separation of church and State in Virginia. Mr. Jefferson says of him, in allusion to the study and experience through which he had already passed : " Trained in these successive schools, he acquired a habit of self-possession which placed at ready command the rich resources of his luminous and discriminating mind and of his extensive information, and rendered him the first of every assembly of which he afterward became a member. Never wan- dering from his subject into vain declama- tion, but pursuing it closely in language pure, classical and copious, soothing al- ways the feelings of his adversaries by civili- ties and softness of expression, he rose to the eminent station which he held in the great National Convention of 1787 ; and in that of Virginia, which followed, he sustained the new Constitution in all its parts, bearing off the palm against the logic of George Mason and the fervid declamation of Patrick Henry. With these consummate powers were united a pure and spotless virtue which no calumny has ever attempted to sully. Of the power and polish of his pen, and of the wisdom of his administration in the highest office of the nation, I need say nothing. They have spoken, and will for- ever speak, for themselves." In January, 1786, Mr. Madison took the initiative in proposing a meeting of State Commissioners to devise measures for more satisfactory commercial relations between the States. A meeting was held at An- napolis to discuss this subject, and but five States were represented. The convention issued another call, drawn up by Mr. Madi- son, urging all the States to send their dele- gates to Philadelphia, in Ma) r , 1787, to draught a Constitution for the United States. The delegates met at the time ap- pointed, every State except Rhode Island being represented. George Washington was chosen president of the convention, and the present Constitution of the United States was then and there formed. There was no mind and no pen more active in framing this immortal document than the mind and pen of James Madison. He was, perhaps, its ablest advocate in the pages of the Federalist. Mr. Madison was a member of the first four Congresses, i78q-'q7, in which he main- tained a moderate opposition to Hamilton's financial policy. He declined the mission to France and the Secretaryship of State, and, gradually identifying himself with the Republican party, became from 1792 its avowed leader. In 1796 he was its choice for the Presidency as successor to Wash- ington. Mr. Jefferson wrote : " There is not another person in the United States with whom, being placed at the helm of our affairs, my mind would be so completely at ^^^■■■'^gfg^^SMSa^^.^CT g^g I 30 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. rest for the fortune of our political bark." But Mr. Madison declined to be a candi- date. His term in Congress had expired, and he returned from New York to his beautiful retreat at Montpelier. In 1794 Mr. Madison married a young widow of remarkable powers of fascination — Mrs. Todd. Her maiden name was Doro- thy Paine. She was born in 1767, in Vir- ginia, of Quaker parents, and had been educated in the strictest rules of that sect. When but eighteen years of age she married a young lawyer and moved to Philadelphia, where she was introduced to brilliant scenes of fashionable life. She speedily laid aside the dress and address of the Quakeress, and became one of the most fascinating ladies of the republican court. In New York, after the death of her husband, she was the belle of the season and was surrounded with admirers. Mr. Madison won the prize. She proved an invaluable .helpmate. In Washington she was the life of society. If there was any diffident, timid young girl just making her appearance, she found in Mrs. Madison an encouraging friend. During the stormy administration of John Adams Madison remained in private life, but was the author of the celebrated " Reso- lutions of 1798," adopted by the Virginia Legislature, in condemnation of the Alien and Sedition laws, as well as of the " report" in which he defended those resolutions, which is, by many, considered his ablest State paper. The storm passed away ; the Alien and Sedition laws were repealed, John Adams lost his re-election, and in 1801 Thomas Jef- ferson was chosen President. The great re- action in public sentiment which seated Jefferson in the presidential chair was large- ly owing to the writings of Madison, who was consequently well entitled to the post of Secretary of State. With great ability he discharged the duties of this responsible office during the eight years of Mr. Jeffer- son's administration. As Mr. Jefferson was a widower, and neither of his daughters could be often with him, Mrs. Madison usually presided over the festivities of the White House ; and as her husband succeeded Mr. Jefferson, hold- ing his office for two terms, this remarkable woman was the mistress of the presidential mansion for sixteen years. Mr. Madison being entirely engrossed by the cares of his office, all the duties of so- cial life devolved upon his accomplished wife. Never were such responsibilities more ably discharged. The most bitter foes of her husband and of the administra- tion were received with the frankly prof- fered hand and the cordial smile of wel- come; and the influence of this gentle woman in allaying the bitterness of party rancor became a great and salutary power in the nation. As the term of Mr. Jefferson's Presidency drew near its close, party strife was roused to the utmost to elect his successor. It was a death-grapple between the two great parties, the Federal and Republican. Mr. Madison was chosen President by an elec- toral vote of 122 to 53, and was inaugurated March 4, 1809, at a critical period, when the relations of the United States with Great Britain were becoming embittered, and his first term was passed in diplomatic quarrels, aggravated by the act of non-intercourse of May, 1810, and finally resulting in a decla- ration of war. On the 18th of June, 1812, President Madison gave his approval to an act of Congress declaring war against Great Brit- ain. Notwithstanding the bitter hostility of the Federal party to the war, the country in general approved; and in the autumn Madison was re-elected to the Presidency by 128 electoral votes to 89 in favor of George Clinton. March 4, 1817, Madison yielded the Presi-. ■SBggBjg SgSBjiH^^ dency to his Secretary of State and inti- mate friend, James Monroe, and retired to his ancestral estate at Montpelier, where he passed the evening of his days surrounded by attached friends and enjoying the merited respect of the whole nation. He took pleasure in promoting agriculture, as president of the county society, and in watching the development of the University of Virginia, of which he was long rector and visitor. In extreme old age he sat in 1829 as a member of the convention called to re- form the Virginia Constitution, where his appearance was hailed with the most gen- uine interest and satisfaction, though he was too infirm to participate in the active work of revision. Small in stature, slender and delicate in form, with a countenance full of intelligence, and expressive alike of mildness and dignity, he attracted the atten- tion of all who attended the convention, and was treated with the utmost deference. He seldom addressed the assembly, though he always appeared self-possessed, and watched with unflagging interest the prog- ress of every measure. Though the con- vention sat sixteen weeks, he spoke only twice ; but when he did speak, the whole house paused to listen. His voice was feeble though his enunciation was very dis- tinct. One of the reporters, Mr. Stansbury, relates the 'following anecdote of Mr. Madi- son's last speech: " The next day, as there was a great call for it, and the report had not been returned for publication, I sent my son with a re- spectful note, requesting the manuscript. My son was a lad of sixteen, whom I had taken with me to act as amanuensis. On delivering my note, he was received with the utmost politeness, and requested to come up into Mr. Madison's room and wait while his eye ran over the paper, as com- pany had prevented his attending to it. He rdid so, and Mr. Madison sat down to correct the report. The lad stood near him so that his eye fell on the paper. Coming to a certain sentence in the speech, Mr. Madison erased a word and substituted another ; but hesitated, and not feeling satisfied with the second word, drew his pen through it also. My son was young, ignorant of the world, and unconscious of the solecism of which he was about to be guilty, when, in all simplic- ity, he suggested a word. Probably no other person then living would have taken such a liberty. But the sage, instead of regarding such an intrusion with a frown, raised his eyes to the boy's face with a pleased surprise, and said, ' Thank you, sir ; it is the very word,' and immediately in- serted it. I saw him the next day, and he mentioned the circumstance, with a compli- ment on the young critic." Mr. Madison died at Montpelier, June 28, 1836, at the advanced age of eighty -five. While not possessing the highest order of talent, and deficient in oratorical powers, he was pre-eminently a statesman, of a well- balanced mind. His attainments were solid, his knowledge copious, his judgment gener- ally sound, his powers of analysis and logi- cal statement rarely surpassed, his language and literary style correct and polished, his conversation witty, his temperament san- guine and trusfful, his integrity unques- tioned, his manners simple, courteous and winning. By these rare qualities he con- ciliated the esteem not only of friends, but of political opponents, in a greater degree than any American statesman in the present century. Mrs. Madison survived her husband thir- teen years, and died July 12, 1849, m the eighty-second year of her age. She was one of the most remarkable women our coun- try has produced. Even now she is ad- miringly remembered in Washington as " Dolly Madison," and it is fitting that her memory should descend to posterity in company with thatof the companion of her life. 51 ' 1*1 (I 1 '.! B"5"»" S» « ■ »« ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ - ■ -■■.■■, ■»■"■. ■ -! » . ~>. a ««iii»»»a«iia > »«B.».».B ,»...»l,l,l.g.H jl> , - j PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. *^^^*mf^s$§mm i€^^^^^^^ AMES MONROE, the fifth President of the United States, 1817-25, was born in Westmoreland County Virginia, April 28, 1758. He was a son of Spence Monroe, and a descendant of a Scottish cavalier fam- ily. Like all his predeces- sors thus far in the Presi- dential chair, he enjoyed all the advantages of educa- tion which the country could then afford. He was early sent to a fine classical school, and at the age of six- teen entered William and Mary College.. In 1776, when he had been in college but two years, the Declaration of Independence was adopted, and our feeble militia, with- out arms, amunition or clothing, were strug- gling against the trained armies of England. James Monroe left college, hastened to General Washington's headquarters at New York and enrolled himself as a cadet in the army. At Trenton Lieutenant Monroe so dis- tinguished himself, receiving a wound in his shoulder, that he was promoted to a Cap- taincy. Upon recovering from his wound, he was invited to act as aide to Lord Ster- ling, and in that capacity he took an active part in the battles of Brandywine, Ger- mantown and Monmouth. At Germantown he stood by the side of Lafayette when the French Marquis received his wound. Gen- eral Washington, who had formed a high idea of young Monroe's ability, sent him to Virginia to raise a new regiment, of which he was to be Colonel; but so exhausted was Virginia at that time that the effort proved unsuccessful. He, however, received his commission. Finding no opportunity to enter the army as a commissioned officer, he returned to his original plan of studying law, and entered the office of Thomas Jefferson, who was then Governor of Virginia. He developed , a very noble character, frank, manly and . sincere. Mr. Jefferson said of him: "James Monroe is so perfectly honest that if his soul were turned inside out there would not be found a spot on it." In 1782 he was elected to the Assembly of Virginia, and was also appointed a mem- ber of the Executive Council. The next year he was chosen delegate to the Conti- nental Congress for a term of three years. He was present at Annapolis when Wash- ington surrendered his commission of Com- mander-i n-chief . With Washington, Jefferson and Madison he felt deeply the inefficiency of the old Articles of Confederation, and urged the formation of a new Constitution, which should invest the Central Government with something like national power. Influenced by these views, he introduced a resolution ^7 that Congress should be empowered to regulate trade, and to lay an impost duty of five per cent. The resolution was refer- red to a committee of which he was chair- man. The report and the discussion which rose upon it led to the convention of five States at Annapolis, and the consequent general convention at Philadelphia, which, in 1787, drafted the Constitution of the United States. At this time there was a controversy be- tween New York and Massachusetts in reference to their boundaries. The high esteem in which Colonel Monroe was held is indicated by the fact that he was ap- pointed one of the judges to decide the controversy. While in New York attend- ing Congress, he married Miss Kortright, a young lady distinguished alike for her beauty and accomplishments. For nearly fifty years this happy union remained un- broken. In London and in Paris, as in her own country, Mrs. Monroe won admiration and affection by the loveliness of her per- son, the brilliancy of her intellect, and the amiability of her character. Returning to Virginia, Colonel Monroe commenced the practice of law at Freder- icksburg. He was very soon elected to a seat in the State Legislature, and the next year he was chosen a member of the Vir- ginia convention which was assembled to decide upon the acceptance or rejection of the Constitution which had been drawn up at Philadelphia, and was now submitted to the several States. Deeply as he felt the imperfections of the old Confederacy, he was opposed to the new Constitution, thinking, with many others of the Republi- can party, that it gave too much power to the Central Government, and not enough to the individual States. In 1789 he became a member of the United States Senate, which office he held acceptably to his constituents, and with honor to himself for four years. Having opposed the Constitution as not leaving enough power with the States, he, of course, became more and more identi- fied with the Republican party. Thus he found himself in cordial co-operation with Jefferson and Madison. The great Repub- lican party became the dominant power which ruled the land. George Washington was then President. England had espoused the cause of the Bourbons against the principles of the French Revolution. President Washing- ton issued a proclamation of neutrality be- tween these contending powers. France had helped us in the struggle for our lib- erties. All the despotisms of Europe were now combined to prevent the French from escaping from tyranny a thousandfold worse than that which we had endured. Colonel Monroe, more magnanimous than prudent, was anxious that we should help our old allies in their extremity. He vio- lently opposed the President's procla- mation as ungrateful and wanting in magnanimity. Washington, who could appreciate such a character, developed his calm, serene, almost divine greatness by appointing that very James Monroe, who was denouncing the policy of the Government, as the Minis- ter of that Government to the republic of France. He was directed by Washington to express to the French people our warm- est sympathy, communicating to them cor- responding resolves approved by the Pres- ident, and adopted by both houses of Congress. Mr. Monroe was welcomed by the Na- tional Convention in France with the most enthusiastic demonstrations of respect and affection. He was publicly introduced to that body, and received the embrace of the President, Merlin de Douay, after having been addressed in a speech glowing with congratulations, and with expressions of desire that harmony might ever exist be- 36 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. tween the two nations. The flags of the two republics were intertwined in the hall of the convention. Mr. Monroe presented the American colors, and received those of France in return. The course which he pursued in Paris was so annoying to Eng- land and to the friends of England in this country that, near the close of Wash- ington's administration, Mr. Monroe, was recalled. After his return Colonel Monroe wrote a book of 400 pages, entitled " A View of the Conduct of the Executive in Foreign Af- fairs." In this work he very ably advo- cated his side of the question; but, with the magnanimity of the man, he recorded a warm tribute to the patriotism, ability and spotless integrity of John Jay, between whom and himself there was intense antag- onism ; and in subsequent years he ex- pressed in warmest terms his perfect veneration for the character of George Washington. . Shortly after his return to this country Colonel Monroe was elected Governor of Virginia, and held that office for three years, the period limited by the Constitu- tion. In 1802 he was an Envoy to France, and to Spain in 1805, and was Minister to England in 1803. In 1806 he returned to his quiet home in Virginia, and with his wife and children and an ample competence from his paternal estate, enjoyed a few years of domestic repose. In 1809 Mr. Jefferson's second term of office expired, and many of the Republican party were anxious to nominate James Monroe as his successor. The majority were in favor of Mr. Madison. Mr. Mon- roe withdrew his name and was soon after chosen a second time Governor of Virginia. He soon resigned that office to accept the position of Secretary of State, offered him by President Madison. The correspond- ence which he then carried on with the British Government demonstrated that there was no hope of any peaceful adjust- ment of our difficulties with the cabinet of St. James. War was consequently declared in June, 1812. Immediately after the sack of Washington the Secretary of War re- signed, and Mr. Monroe, at the earnest request of Mr. Madison, assumed the ad- ditional duties of the War Department, without resigning his position as Secretary of State. It has been confidently stated, that, had Mr. Monroe's energies been in the War Department a few months earlier, the disaster at Washington would not have occurred. The duties now devolving upon Mr. Mon- roe were extremely arduous. Ten thou- sand men, picked from the veteran armies of England, were sent with a powerful fleet to ISIe w Orleans to acquire possession of the mouths of the Mississippi. Our finan- ces were in the most deplorable condition. The treasury was exhausted and our credit gone. And yet it was necessary to make the most rigorous preparations to meet the foe. In this crisis James Monroe, the Sec- retary of War, with virtue unsurpassed in Greek or Roman story, stepped forward and pledged his own individual credit as subsidiary to that of the nation, and thus succeeded in placing the city of New Or- leans in such a posture of defense, that it was enabled successfully to repel the in- vader. Mr. Monroe was truly the armor-bearer of President Madison, and the most efficient business man in his cabinet. His energy in the double capacity of Secretary, both of State and War, pervaded all the depart- ments of the country. He proposed to increase the army to 100,000 men, a meas- ure which he deemed absolutely necessary to save us from ignominious defeat, but which, at the same time, he knew would render his name so unpopular as to preclude the possibility of his being a successful can- didate for the Presidency. The happy result of the conference at Ghent in securing peace rendered the in- crease of the army unnecessary; but it is not too much to say that James Monroe placed in the hands of Andrew Jackson the weapon with which to beat off the foe at New Orleans. Upon the return of peace Mr. Monroe resigned the department of war, devoting himself entirely to the duties of Secretary of State. These he continued to discharge until the close of President Madison's administration, with zeal which was never abated, and with an ardor of self-devotion which made him almost for- getful of the claims of fortune, health or life. Mr. Madison's second term expired in March, 1817, and Mr. Monroe succeeded to the Presidency. He was a candidate of the Republican party, now taking the name of the Democratic Republican. In 1821 he was re-elected, with scarcely any opposition. Out of 232 electoral votes, he received 231. The slavery question, which subsequently assumed such formidable dimensions, now began to make its appearance. The State of Missouri, which had been carved out of that immense territory which we had pur- chased of France, applied for admission to the Union, with a slavery Constitution. There were not a few who foresaw the evils impending. After the debate of a week it was decided that Missouri could not be admitted into the Union with slav- ery. This important question was at length settled by a compromise proposed by Henry Clay. The famous "Monroe Doctrine," of which so much has been said, originated in this way: In 1823 it was rumored that the Holy Alliance was about to interfere to prevent the establishment of Republican liberty in the European colonies of South America. President Monroe wrote to his old friend Thomas Jefferson for advice in the emergency. In his reply under date of October 24, Mr. Jefferson writes upon the supposition that our attempt to resist this European movement might lead to war: " Its object is to introduce and establish the American system of keeping out of our land all foreign powers; of never permitting those of Europe to intermeddle with the affairs of our nation. It is to maintain our own principle, not to depart from it." December 2, 1823, President Monroe sent a message to Congress, declaring it to be the policy of this Government not to entangle ourselves with the broils of Eu- rope, and not to allow Europe to interfere with the affairs of nations on the American continent; and the doctrine was announced, that any attempt on the part of the Euro- pean powers " to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere would be regarded by the United States as danger- ous to our peace and safety." March 4, 1825, Mr. Monroe surrendered the presidential chair to his Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, and retired, with the universal respect of the nation, to his private residence at Oak Hill, Lou- doun County, Virginia. His time had been so entirely consecrated to his country, that he had neglected his pecuniary interests, and was deeply involved in debt. The welfare of his country had ever been up- permost in his mind. For many years Mrs. Monroe was in such feeble health that she rarely appeared in public. In 1830 Mr. Monroe took up his residence with his son-in-law in New York, where he died on the 4th of July, 1831. The citizens of New York conducted his obsequies with pageants more imposing than had ever been witnessed there before. Our country will ever cherish his mem- ory with pride, gratefully enrolling his name in the list of its benefactors, pronounc- ing him the worthy successor of the illus- trious men who had preceded him in the presidential chair. 5L a '" m ■»"»"■» MmiirB" ji»m—m."» ."■< i—i w in ll qBgiBgmym '*■»», ■'»»■■.■ n"»"—™i»ii*m|i" — — ■a"'™ 11 3S PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 7y^^ ^^3i^c^ I State by President Jackson, but resigned in April, 1831, and during the recess of Congress was appointed minister to Eng- land, whither he proceeded in September, but the Senate, when convened in Decem- ber, refused to ratify the appointment. In May, 1832, Mr. Van Buren was nomi- nated as the Democratic candidate for Vice- President, and elected in the following November. May 26, 1836, he received the nomination to succeed General Jackson as President, and received 170 electoral votes, out of 283. Scarcely had he taken his seat in the Presidential chair when a financial panic swept over the land. Many attributed this to the war which General Jackson had waged on the banks, and to his endeavor to secure an almost exclusive specie currency. Nearly every bank in the country was com- pelled to suspend specie payment, and ruin pervaded all our great cities. Not less than 254 houses failed in New York in one week. All public works were brought to a stand, and there was a general state of dismay. President Van Buren urged the adoption of the independent treasury system, which was twice passed in the Senate and defeated in the House, but finally became a law near the close of his administration. Another important measure was the pass- age of a pre-emption law, giving actual set- tlers the preference in the purchase of public lands. The question of slavery, also, now began to assume great prominence in national politics, and after an elaborate anti-slavery speech by Mr. Slade, of Ver- mont, in the House of Representatives, the Southern members withdrew for a separate consultation, at which Mr. Rhett, of South Carolina, proposed to declare it expedient that the Union should be dissolved ; but the matter was tided over by the passage of a resolution that no petitions or papers relating to slavery should be in any way considered or acted upon. In the Presidential election of 1840 Mr. Van Buren was nominated, without opposi- tion, as the Democratic candidate, William H. Harrison being the candidate of the Whig party. The Democrats carried only seven States, and out of 294 electoral votes only sixty were for Mr. Van Buren, the re- maining 234 being for his opponent. The Whig popular majority, however, was not large, the elections in many of the States being very close. March 4, 1841, Mr. Van Buren retired from the Presidency. From his fine estate at Lindenwald he still exerted a powerful influence upon the politics of the country. In 1844 he was again proposed as the Democratic candidate for the Presidency, and a majority of the delegates of the nominating convention were in his favor ; but, owing to his opposition to the pro- posed annexation of Texas, he could not secure the requisite two-thirds vote. His name was at length withdrawn by his friends, and Mr. Polk received the nomina- tion, and was elected. In 1848 Mr. Cass was the regular Demo- cratic candidate. A schism, however, sprang up in the party, upon the question of the permission of slavery in the newly- acquired territory, and a portion of the party, taking the name of " Free-Soilers," nominated Mr. Van Buren. They drew away sufficient votes to secure the election of General Taylor, the Whig candidate. After this Mr. Van Buren retired to his es- tate at Kinderhook, where the remainder of his life was passed, with the exception of a European tour in 1853. He died at Kinderhook, July 24, 1862, at the age of eighty years. Martin Van Buren was a great and good man, and no one will question his right to a high position among those who have been the successors of Washington in the faithful occupancy of the Presidential chair. PRESIDENTS OP THE UNITED STATES. WILLIAM HENRY HflfifilSDN ILLIAM HENRY HARRISON, the ninth President of the United States, i 84 i, was born February 9, 1773, in Charles County, Virginia, at Berkeley, the resi- dence of his father, Governor Benjamin Harrison. He studied at Hampden, Sidney College, with a view of entering the med- ical profession. After graduation he went to Philadelphia to study medicine under the instruction of Dr. Rush. George Washington was then President }f the United States. The Indians were committing fearful ravages on our North- western frontier. Young Harrison, either lured by the love of adventure, or moved by the sufferings of families exposed to the most horrible outrages, abandoned his med- ical studies and entered the army, having obtained a commission of ensign from Pres- ident Washington. The first duty assigned him was to take a train of pack-horses bound to Fort Hamilton, on the Miami River, about forty miles from Fort Wash- ington. He was soon promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, and joined the army which Washington had placed under the command of General Wayne to prosecute more vigorously the war with the In- dians. Lieutenant Harrison received great commendation from his commanding offi- cer, and was promoted to the rank of Captain, and placed in command at Fort Washington, now Cincinnati, Ohio. About this time he married a daughter of John Cleves Symmes, one of the fron- tiersmen who had established a thriving settlement on the bank of the Maumee. In 1797 Captain Harrison resigned his commission in the army and was appointed Secretary of the Northwest Territory, and ex-officio Lieutenant-Governor, General St. Clair being then Governor of the Territory. At that time the law in reference to the disposal of the public lands was such that no one could purchase in tracts less than 4,000 acres. Captain Harrison, in the face of violent opposition, succeeded in obtaining so much of a modification of this unjust law that the land was sold in alternate tracts of 640 and 320 acres. The Northwest Territory was then entitled to one delegate in Congress, and Cap- tain Harrison was chosen to fill that of- fice. In 1800 he was appointed Governor ■■-■"■"WW ^/£/fc ^i^-^^T7t_^ WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON. 59 of Indiana Territory and soon after of Upper Louisiana. He was also Superin- tendent of Indian Affairs, and so well did he fulfill these duties that he was four times' appointed to this office. During his admin- istration he effected thirteen treaties with the Indians, by which the United States acquired 60,000,000 acres of land. In 1804 he obtained a cession from the Indians of all the land between the Illinois River and the Mississippi. In 18 12 he was made Major-General of Kentucky militia and Brigadier-General in the army, with the command of th,e Northwest frontier. In 1813 he was made Major-General, and as such won much re- nown by the defense of Fort Meigs, and the battle of the Thames, Octobers, 1813. In 1814 he left the army and was employed in Indian affairs by the Government. In 18 16 General Harrison was chosen a member of the National House of Repre- sentatives to represent the district of Ohio. In the contest which preceded his election he was accused of corruption in respect to the commissariat of the army. Immedi- ately upon taking his seat, he called for an investigation of the charge. A committee was appointed, and his vindication was triumphant. A high compliment was paid to his patriotism, disinterestedness and devotion to the public service. For these services a gold medal was presented to him with the thanks of Congress. In 1 8 19 he was elected to the Senate of Ohio, and in 1824, as one of the Presiden- tial electors of that State, he gave his vote to Henry Clay. In the same year he was elected to the Senate of the United States. In 1828 he was appointed by President Adams minister plenipotentiary to Colom- bia, but was recalled by General Jackson immediately after the inauguration of the latter. Upon his return to the United States, General Harrison retired to his farm at North Bend, Hamilton County, Ohio, six- teen miles below Cincinnati, where for twelve years he was clerk of the County Court. He once owned a distillery, but perceiving the sad effects,of whisky upon the surrounding population, he promptly abandoned his business at great pecuniary sacrifice. In 1836 General Harrison was brought forward as a candidate for the Presidency. Van Buren was the administration candi- date; the opposite party could not unite, and four candidates were brought forward. General Harrison received seventy-three electoral votes without any general concert among his friends. The Democratic party triumphed and Mr. Van Buren was chosen President. In 1839 General Harrison was again nominated for the Presidency by the Whigs, at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, Mr. Van Buren being the Democratic candi- date. General Harrison received 234 elec- toral votes against sixty for his opponent. This election is memorable chiefly for the then extraordinary means employed during the canvass for popular votes. Mass meet- ings and processions were introduced, and the watchwords " log cabin " and " hard cider " were effectually used by the Whigs, and aroused a popular enthusiasm. A vast concourse of people attended his inauguration. His address on that occasion was in accordance with his antecedents, and gave great satisfaction. A short time after he took his seat, he was seized by a pleurisy- fever, and after a few days of violent sick- ness, died April 4, just one short month after his inauguration. His death was universally regarded as one of the greatest of National calamities. Never, since the death of Washington, were there, throughout one land, such demonstrations of sorrow. Not one single spot can be found to sully his fame; and through all ages Americans will pronounce with love and reverence the name of William Henry Harrison. 6o PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. SSS3SSS3SSSSSSSSSSSSSS \^w^^mm#. rs<*«&; <££-* ^^^^gjp *OHN TYLER, the tenth President of the United States, was born in Charles City County, Virginia, March 29, 1790. His father, Judge John Tyler, possessed large landed estates in Virginia, and was one of the most distinguished men of his day, filling the offices of Speaker of the House of Delegates, Judge of the Su- preme Court and Governor of the State. At the early age of twelve young John entered William and Mary College, and graduated with honor when but seventeen years old. He then closely applied himself to the study of law, and at nineteen years of age commenced the prac- tice of his profession. When only twenty- one he was elected to a seat in the State Legislature. He acted with the Demo- cratic party and advocated the measures of Jefferson and Madison. For five years he Was elected to the Legislature, receiving nearly the unanimous vote of his county. When but twenty-six years of age he was elected a member of Congress. He advo- cated a strict construction of the Constitu- tion and the most careful vigilance over 'Es-as -■■■■■Hi* State rights. He was soon compelled to resign his seat in Congress, owing to ill' health, but afterward took his seat in the State Legislature, where he exerted a powerful influence in promoting public works of great utility. In 1825 Mr. Tyler was chosen Governor of his State — a high honor, for Virginia had many able men as competitors for the prize. His administration was signally a successful one. He urged forward inter- nal improvements and strove to remove sectional jealousies. His popularity secured his re-election. In 1827 he was elected United States Senator, and upon taking his seat joined the ranks of the opposition. He opposed the tariff, voted against the bank •as unconstitutional, opposed all restrictions upon slavery, resisted all projects of inter- nal improvements by the General Govern- ment, avowed his sympathy with Mr. Cal- houn's views of nullification, and declared that General Jackson, by his opposition to the nullifiers, had abandoned the principles of the Democratic party. Such was Mr. Tyler's record in Congress. This hostility to Jackson caused Mr. Tyler's retirement from the Senate, after his election to a second term. He soon after removed to Williamsburg for the better education of his children, and again took his seat in the Legislature. ■ — ■a™ M™ J^IM — M^M^m' i M m ■ | J K fc- ■ ^IS W&fi : ^ "'*^i# r 1 Hfcvi WwWmmi i l M:M, '..■ m\ § It . . 1 5>>^*^ *'-">*.•.'•• m mi 1 ^L. w^^ ':■: .'.-'■ ■ V- mpfe /r.'^v ■ -' '• ' jUlk ^k- »§ii mm Y" {. . § \ m ik iPilt ■' \ 1 1 IN. jF j| 1 \ 1 1 * ' '.' (rrurc JOHN TTLER. In 1839 he was sent to the National Con- vention at Harrisburg to nominate a Presi- dent. General Harrison received a majority of votes, much to the disappointment of the South, who had wished for Henry Clay. In order to conciliate the Southern Whigs, John Tyler was nominated for Vice-Presi- dent. Harrison and Tyler were inaugu- rated March 4, 1841. In one short month from that time President Harrison died, and Mr. Tyler, to his own surprise as well as that of the nation, found himself an occupant of the Presidential chair. His position was an exceedingly difficult one, as he was opposed to the main principles of the party which had brought him into power. General Harrison had selected a Whig cabinet. Should he retain them, and thus surround himself with councilors whose views were antagonistic to his own? or should he turn against the party that had elected him, and select a cabinet in harmony with himself? This was his fear- ful dilemma. President Tyler deserves more charity than he has received. He issued an address to the people, which gave general satisfac- tion. He retained the cabinet General Harrison had selected. His veto of a bill chartering a new national bank led to an open quarrel with the party which elected him, and to a resignation of the entire cabinet, except Daniel Webster, Secretary of State. President Tyler attempted to conciliate. He appointed a new cabinet, leaving out all strong party men, but the Whig members of Congress were not satisfied, and they published a manifesto September 13, break- ing off all political relations. The Demo- crats had a majority in the House; the Whigs in the Senate. Mr. Webster soon found it necessary to resign, being forced out by the pressure of his Whig friends. April 12, 1844, President Tyler concluded, through Mr. Calhoun, a treaty for the an- nexation of Texas, which was rejected by the Senate ; but he effected his object in the closing days of his administration by the passage of the joint resolution of March 1 1845. He was nominated for the Presidency by an informal Democratic Convention, held at Baltimore in May, 1844, but soon with- drew from the canvass, perceiving that he had not gained the confidence of the Demo- crats at large. Mr. Tyler's administration was particu- larly unfortunate. No one was satisfied. Whigs and Democrats alike assailed him. Situated as he was, it is more than can be expected of human nature that he should, in all cases, have acted in the wisest manner ; but it will probably be the verdict of all candid men, in a careful review of his career, that John Tyler was placed in a position of such difficulty that he could not pursue any course which would not expose him to severe censure and denunciation. In 1813 Mr. Tyler married Letitia Chris- tian, who bore him three sons and three daughters, and died in Washington in 1842. June 26, 1844, he contracted a second mar- riage with Miss Julia Gardner, of New York. He lived in almost complete retire- ment from politics until February, 1861, when he was a member of the abortive " peace convention," held at Washington, and was chosen its President. Soon after he renounced his allegiance to the United States and was elected to the Confederate Congress. He died at Richmond, January 17, 1862, after a short illness. Unfortunately for his memory the name of John Tyler must forever be associated with all the misery of that terrible Re- bellion, whose cause he openly espoused. It is with sorrow that history records that a President of the United States died while defending the flag of rebellion, which was arrayed against the national banner in deadly warfare. ■ ■■■■■l 'I PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES.' 1 a > # •!* # •J' A -I- «*» - 1 - (SffiH^SS^OBI® ^ O^^^* ^^!!' +>«;- iTgn I 4K ® J-.SSW ^g-^g- ^^1 * r ~ v M§)!3er'«eSKa>oll<§) "T - V "T 5 * T* T* <^™ ■# AMES KNOX POLK, the eleventh President of the United States, 1845- '49, was born in Meck- lenburg County, North Carolina, November 2, 1795. He was the eldest son of a family of six sons and four daughters, and was a grand-nephew of Colonel Thomas Polk, celebrated in connection with the Meck- lenburg Declaration of In- dependence. In 1806 his father, Samuel Polk, emigrated with his fam- ily two or three hundred miles west to the valley of the Duck River. He was a sur- veyor as well as farmer, and gradually in- creased in wealth until he became one of the leading men of the region. In the common schools James rapidly be- came proficient in all the common branches of an English education. In 1813 he was sent to Murfreesboro Academy, and in the autumn of 181 5 entered the sophomore class in the University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, graduating in 1818. After a short season of recreation he went to Nash- ville and entered the law office of Felix Grundy. As soon as he had his finished legal studies and been admitted to the bar, he returned to Columbia, the shire town of Maury County, and opened an office. James K. Polk ever adhered to the polit- ical faith of his father, which was that of a Jeffersonian Republican. In 1823 he was elected to the Legislature of Tennessee. As a " strict constructionist," he did not think that the Constitution empowered the Gen- eral Government to carry on a system of internal improvements in the States, but deemed it important that it should have that power, and wished the Constitution amended that it might be conferred. Sub- sequently, however, he became alarmed lest the General Government become so strong as to undertake to interfere with slavery. He therefore gave all his influence to strengthen the State governments, and to check the growth of the central power. In January, 1824, Mr. Polk married Miss Mary Childress, of Rutherford County, Ten- nessee. Had some one then whispered to him that he was destined to become Presi- dent of the United States, and that he must select for his companion one who would adorn that distinguished station, he could not have made a more fitting choice. She was truly a lady of rare beauty and culture. In the fall of 1825 Mr. Polk was chosen a member of Congress, and was continu- «/£- -*3 c^C QCL cJ&ty-CZ^C ngggBBBBEB JAMES K. POLK. 67 ously re-elected until 1839. He then with- drew, only that he might accept the gubernatorial chair of his native State. He was a warm friend of General Jackson, who had been defeated in the electoral contest by John Quincy Adams. This latter gentleman had just taken his seat in the Presidential chair when Mr. Polk took his seat in the House of Representatives. He immediately united himself with the opponents of Mr. Adams, and was soon regarded as the leader of the Jackson party in the House. The four years of Mr. Adams' adminis- tration passed away, and General Jackson took the Presidential chair. Mr. Polk had now become a man of great influence in Congress, and was chairman of its most important committee — that of Ways and Means. Eloquently he sustained General Jackson in all his measures — in his hostility to internal improvements, to the banks, and to the tariff. Eight years of General Jack- son's administration passed away, and the powers he had wielded passed into the hands of Martin Van Buren ; and still Mr. Polk remained in the House, the advocate of that type of Democracy which those distinguished men upheld. During five sessions of Congress Mr. Polk was speaker of the House. He per- formed his arduous duties to general satis- faction, and a unanimous vote of thanks to him was passed by the House as he with- drew, March 4, 1839. He was elected Governor by a large majority, and took the oath of office at Nashville, October 14, 1839. He was a candidate for re-election in 1 84 1, but was defeated. In the mean- time a wonderful revolution had swept over the country. "W. H. Harrison,the Whig candidate, had been called to the Presiden- tial chair, and in Tennessee the Whig ticket had been carried by over 12,000 majority. Under these circumstances Mr. Polk's suc- cess was hopeless. Still he canvassed the State with his Whig competitor, Mr. Jones, traveling in the most friendly manner to- gether, often in the same carriage, and at one time sleeping in the same bed. Mr. Jones was elected by 3.000 majority. And now the question of the annexation of Texas to our country agitated the whole land. When this question became national Mr. Polk, as the avowed champion of an- nexation, became the Presidential candidate of the pro-slavery wing of the Democratic party, and George M. Dallas their candi- date for the Vice-Presidency. They were elected by a large majority, and were in- augurated March 4, 1845. President Polk formed an able cabinet, consisting of James Buchanan, Robert J. Walker, William L. Marcy, George Ban- croft, Cave Johnson and John Y. Mason. The Oregon boundary question was settled, the Department of the Interior was created, the low tariff of 1846 was carried, the financial system of the Government was reorganized, the Mexican war was con- ducted, which resulted in the acquisition of California and New Mexico, and had far- reaching consequences upon the later fort- unes of the republic. Peace was made. We had wrested from Mexico territory equal to four times the empire of France, and five times that of Spain. In the prose- cution of this war we expended 20,000 lives and more than $100,000,000. Of this money $15,000,000 were paid to Mexico. Declining to seek a renomination, Mr. Polk retired from the Presidency March 4, 1849, when he was succeeded by General Zachary Taylor. He retired to Nashville, and died there June 19, 1849, in the fifty- fourth year of his age. His funeral was at- tended the following day, in Nashville, with every demonstration of respect. He left no children. Without being possessed of extraordinary talent, Mr. Polk was a capable administrator of public affairs, and irre- proachable in private life. ■bmbWi iBa«nm»g.T;^aSim a PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. if* ! F> •*/ Si ACHARY TAY- LOR, the twelfth President of the United States, 1849-50, was born in Orange County, Virginia, Septem- ber 24, 1784. His father, Richard Taylor, was Colo- nel of a Virginia regiment in the Revolutionary war, and removed to Kentucky in 1785 ; purchased a large plantation near Louisville and became an influential cit- izen ; was a member of the convention that framed the Constitution of Kentucky; served in both branches of the Legislature; was Collector of the port of Louisville under President Washington; as a Presidential elector, voted for Jefferson, Madison, Mon- roe and Clay; died January 19,1829. Zachary remained on his father's planta- tion until 1808, in which year (May 3) he was appointed First Lieutenant in the Seventh Infantry, to fill a vacancy oc- casioned by the death of his elder brother, Hancock. Up to this point he had received but a limited education. Joining his regiment at New Orleans, he was attacked with yellow fever, with nearly fatal termination. In November, 18 10, he was promoted to Captain, and in the sum- mer of 1 812 he was in command of Fort Harrison, on the left bank of the Wabash River, near the present site of Terre Haute, his successful defense of which with but a handful of men against a large force of Indians which had attacked him was one of the first marked military achievements of the war. He was then brevetted Major, and in 18 14 promoted to the full rank. During the remainder of the war Taylor was actively employed on the Western frontier. In the peace organization of 181 5 he was retained as Captain, but soon after resigned and settled near Louisville. In May, 1816, however, he re-entered the army as Major of the Third Infantry ; became Lieutenant-Colonel of the Eighth Infantry in 1 8 19, and in 1832 attained the Colonelcy of the First Infantry, of which he had been Lieutenant-Colonel since 1821. On different occasions he had been called to Washington as member of a military board for organiz- ing the militia of the Union, and to aid the Government with his knowledge in the organization of the Indian Bureau, having for many years discharged the duties of Indian agent over large tracts of Western ^^C^^/^/' ZACHAltr TATLOR. 1i country. He served through the Black Hawk war in 1832, and in 1837 was ordered to take command in Florida, then the scene of war with the Indians. In 1846 he was transferred to the com- mand of the Army of the Southwest, from which he was relieved the same year at his own request. Subsequently he was sta- tioned on the Arkansas frontier at Forts Gibbon, Smith and Jesup, which latter work had been built under his direction in 1822. May 28, i845, he received a dispatch from the Secretary of War informing him of the receipt of information by the President " that Texas would shortly accede to the terms of annexation," in which event he was instructed to defend and protect her from " foreign invasion and Indian incur- sions." He proceeded, upon the annexation of Texas, with about 1,500 men to Corpus Chnsti, where his force was increased to some 4,000. Taylor was brevetted Major-General May 28, and a month later, June 29, 1846, his full commission to that grade was issued. After needed rest and reinforcement, he advanced in September on Monterey, which city ca- pitulated after three-days stubborn resist- ance. Here he took up his winter quarters. The plan for the invasion of Mexico, by way of Vera Cruz, with General Scott in command, was now determined upon by the Govenrment, and at the moment Taylor was about to resume active operations, he received orders to send the larger part of his force to reinforce the ' army of General Scott at Vera Cruz. Though subsequently reinforced by raw recruits, yet after pro- viding a garrison for'Monterey and Saltillo he had but about 5,300 effective troops, of which but 500 or 600 were regulars. In this weakened condition, however, he was destined to achieve his greatest victory. Confidently relying upon his strength at Vera Cruz to resist the enemy for a long time, Santa Anna directed his entire army against Taylor to overwhelm him, and then to return to oppose the advance of Scott's more formidable invasion. The battle of Buena Vista was fought February 22 and 23, 1847. Taylor received the thanks of Congress and a gold medal, and " Old Rough and Ready," the sobriquet given him in the army, became a household word. He remained in quiet possession of the Rio Grande Valley until November, when he returned to the United States. In the Whig convention which met at Philadelphia, June 7, 1848, Taylor was nomi- nated on the fourth ballot as candidate of the Whig party for President, over Henry Clay, General Scott and Daniel Webster. In November Taylor received a majority of electoral votes, and a popular vote of 1,360,752, against 1,219,962 for Cass and Butler, and 291,342 for Van Buren and Adams. General Taylor was inaugurated March 4, 1849. The free and slave States being then equal in number, the struggle for supremacy on the part of the leaders in Congress was violent and bitter. In the summer of 1849 California adopted in convention a Consti- tution prohibiting slavery within its borders. Taylor advocated the immediate admission of California with her Constitution, and the postponement of the question as to the other Territories until they could hold conven- tions and decide for themselves whether slavery should exist within their borders. This policy ultimately prevailed through the celebrated " Compromise Measures" of Henry Clay ; but not during the life of the brave soldier and patriot statesman. July 5 he was taken suddenly ill with a bilious fever, which proved fatal, his death occur- ring July 9, 1850. One of his daughters married Colonel "W. W. S. Bliss, his Adju- tant-General and Chief of Staff in Florida and Mexico, and Private Secretary during his Presidency. Another daughter was married to Jefferson Davis. ■-■-■-"--Jgj f ■.■-■ ; PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. *M \ s- rt j+»vs> flLLARD FILL- I MORE, the thir- 131^* teenth President of the United & States, i85o-'3, was ^*T born in Summer Hill, Cayuga County, New York, Janu- ary 7; 1800. He was of New England ancestry, and his educational advantages were limited. He early learned the clothiers' trade, but spent all his leisure time in study. At nineteen years 'of age he was induced by Judge Walter Wood to abandon his trade and commence the study of law. Upon learning that the young man was entirely destitute of means, he took him into his own office and loaned him such money as he needed. That he might not be heavily burdened with debt, young Fillmore taught school during the winte* months, and in various other ways helped himself along. At the age of twenty-three he was ad- mitted to the Court of Common Pleas, and* commenced the practice of his profession in the village of Aurora, situated on the eastern bank of the Cayuga Lake. In 1825 he married Miss Abigail Powers, daughter of Rev. Lemuel Powers, a lady of great moral worth. In 1825 he took his seat in the House of Assembly of his native State, as Representative from Erie County, whither he had recently moved. Though he had never taken a very active part in politics his vote and his sym- pathies were with the Whig party. The State was then Democratic, but his cour- tesy, ability and integrity won the respect of his associates. In 1832 he was elected to a seat in the United States Congress. At the close of his term he returned to his law practice, and in two years more he was again elected to Congress. He now began to have a national reputa- tion. His labors were very arduous. To draft resolutions in the committee room, and then to defend them against the most skillful opponents on the floor of the House requires readiness of mind, mental resources and skill in debate such as few possess. Weary with these exhausting labors, and pressed by the claims of his private affairs, Mr. Fillmore wrote a letter to his constitu- ents and declined to be a candidate for re- election. Notwithstanding this cemmuni- u. -O~4^o o !>■-■ „ia,»,««, M.M..a.«_-»=B ^a-H-B-B.ir «"»"«"«" MILLARD FILLMORE. 75 LP cation his friends met in convention and renominated him by acclamation. Though gratified by this proof of their appreciation of his labors he adhered to his resolve and returned to his home. In 1847 Mr. Fillmore was elected to the important office of comptroller of the State. In entering upon the very responsible duties which this situation demanded, it was nec- essary for him to abandon his profession, and he removed to the city of Albany. In this year, also, the Whigs were looking around to find suitable candidates for the President and Vice-President at the ap- proaching election, and the names of Zach- ary Taylor and Millard Fillmore became the rallying cry of the Whigs. On the 4th of March, 1849, General Taylor was inaug- urated President and Millard Fillmore Vice-President of the United States. The great question of slavery had as- sumed enormous proportions, and perme- ated every subject that was brought before Congress. It was evident that the strength of our institutions was to be severely tried. July 9, 1850, President Taylor died, and, by the Constitution, Vice-President Fillmore became President of the United States. The agitated condition of the country brought questions of great delicacy before him. He was bound by his oath of office to execute the laws of the United States. One of these laws was understood to be, that if a slave, escaping from bondage, should reach a free State, the United States was bound to do its utmost to capture him and return him to his master. Most Chris- tian men loathed this law. President Fill- more felt bound by his oath rigidly to see it enforced. Slavery was organizing armies to invade Cuba as it had invaded Texas, and annex it to the United States. Presi- dent Fillmore gave all the influence of his exalted station against the atrocious enter- prise. Mr. Fillmore had serious difficulties to contend with, since the opposition had a majority in both Houses. He did every- thing in his power to conciliate the South, but the pro-slavery party in that section felt the inadequency of all measures of tran- sient conciliation. The population of the free States was so rapidly increasing over that of the slave States, that it was inevita- ble that the power of the Government should soon pass into the hands of the free States. The famous compromise measures were adopted under Mr. Fillmore's admin- istration, and the Japan expedition was sent out. March 4, 1853, having served one term, President Fillmore retired from office. He then took a long tour through the South, where he met with quite an enthusiastic reception. In a speech at Vicksburg, al- luding to the rapid growth of the country, he said: " Canada is knocking for admission, and Mexico would be glad to come in, and without saying whether it would be right or wrong, we stand with open arms to re- ceive them; for it is the manifest destiny of this Government to embrace the whole North American Continent." In 1855 Mr. Fillmore went to Europe where he was received with those marked attentions which his position and character merited. Returning to this country in 1856 he was nominated for the Presidency by the " Know-Nothing " party. Mr. Bu- chanan, the Democratic candidate was the successful competitor. Mr. Fillmore ever afterward lived in retirement. Dur- ing the conflict of civil war he was mostly silent. It was generally supposed, how- ever, that his sympathy was with the South- ern Confederacy. He kept aloof from the conflict without any words of cheer to the one party or the other. For this reason he was forgotten by both. He died of paralysis, in Buffalo, New York, March 8, 1874- I s •5 1 ( I 31 31 ,1 > i ?■ L • 5 •RAN KLIN PIERCE, the fourteenth Presi- dent of the United States, was born in Hillsborough, New Hampshire, Novem- ber 23, 1804. His father, Governor Benjamin Pierce, was a Rev- olutionary soldier, a man of rigid integrity ; was for sev- eral years in the State Legis- lature, a member of the Gov- ernor's council and a General of the militia. Franklin was the sixth of eight children. As a boy he listened eagerly to the argu- ments of his father, enforced by strong and ready utterance and earnest gesture. It was in the days of intense political excite- ment, when, all over the New England States, Federalists and Democrats were ar- rayed so fiercely against each other. In 1820 he entered Bowdoin College, at Brunswick, Maine, and graduated in 1824, and commenced the study of law in the office of Judge Woodbury, a very distin- guished lawyer, and in 1827 was admitted to the bar. He practiced with great success in Hillsborough and Concord. He served in the State Legislature four years, the last two of which he was chosen Speaker of the House by a very large vote. In 1833 he was elected a member of Con- gress. In 1837 he was elected to the United States Senate, just as Mr. Van Buren com- menced his administration. . In 1834 he married Miss Jane Means Appleton, a lady admirably fitted to adorn every station with which her husband was honored. Three sons born to them all found an early grave. Upon his accession to office, President Polk appointed Mr. Pierce Attorney-Gen- eral of the United States, but the offer was declined in consequence of numerous pro- fessional engagements at home and the precarious state of Mrs. Pierce's health. About the same time he also declined the nomination for Governor by the Demo- cratic party. The ^war with Mexico called Mr. Pierce into the army. Receiving the appointment of Brigadier-General, he embarked with a portion of his troops at Newport, Rhode Island, May 27, 1847. He served during this war, and distinguished himself by his bravery, skill and excellent judgment. When he reached his home in his native State he was enthusiastically received by FRANKLIN PIERCE. 79 the advocates of the war, and coldly by its opponents. He resumed the practice of his profession, frequently taking an active part in political questions, and giving his sup- port to the pro-slavery wing of the Demo- cratic party. June 12, 1852, the Democratic convention met in Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Presidency. For four days they continued in session, and in thirty-five bal- lotings no one had received the requisite two-thirds vote. Not a vote had been thrown thus far for General Pierce. Then the Virginia delegation brought forward his name. There were fourteen more bal- lotings, during which General Pierce gained strength, until, at the forty-ninth ballot, he received 282 votes, and all other candidates eleven. General Winfield Scott was the Whig candidate. General Pierce was elected with great unanimity. Only four States — Vermont, Massachusetts, Ken- tucky and Tennessee— cast their electoral votes against him. March 4, 1853, he was inaugurated President of the United States, and William R. King, Vice-President. President Pierce's cabinet consisted of William S. Marcy, James Guthrie, Jefferson Davis, James C. Dobbin, Robert McClel- land, James Campbell and Caleb Cushing. At the demand of slavery the Missouri Compromise was repealed, and all the Ter- ritories of the Union were thrown open to slavery. The Territory of Kansas, west of Missouri, was settled by emigrants mainly from the North. According to law, they were about to meet and decide whether slavery or freedom should be the law of that realm. Slavery in Missouri and other Southern States rallied her armed legions, marched them into Kansas, took possession of the polls, drove away the citizens, deposited their own votes by handfuls, went through the farce of count- ing them, and then declared that, by an overwhelming majority, slavery was estab- lished in Kansas. These facts nobody denied, and yet President Pierce's adminis- tration felt bound to respect the decision obtained by such votes. The citizens of Kansas, the majority of whom were free- State men, met in convention and adopted the following resolve : "Resolved, That the body of men who, for the past two months, have been passing laws for the people of our Territory, moved, counseled and dictated to by the demagogues of other States, are to us a foreign body, representing only the lawless invaders who elected them, and not the people of this Territory ; that we repudiate their action as the monstrous consummation of an act of violence, usurpation and fraud unparalleled in the history of the Union." The free-State people of Kansas also sent a petition to the General Government, im- ploring its protection. In reply the Presi- dent issued a proclamation, declaring that Legislature thus created must be recog- nized as the legitimate Legislature of Kan- sas, and that its laws were binding upon the people, and that, if necessary, the whole force of the Governmental arm would be put forth to inforce those laws. James Buchanan succeeded him in the Presidency, and, March 4, 1857, President Pierce retired to his home in Concord, New Hampshire. When the Rebellion burst forth Mr. Pierce remained steadfast to the principles he had always cherished, and gave his sympathies to the pro-slavery party, with which he had ever been allied. He declined to do anything, either by voice or pen, to strengthen the hands of the National Government. He resided in Concord until his death, which occurred in October, 1869. He was one of the most, genial and social of men, generous to a fault, and contributed liberally of his moderate means for the alleviation of suf- fering and want. He was an honored communicant of the Episcopal church. g=£l!l!£jjji5" ?! ! £^ So PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 'AMES BUCHANAN, the fifteenth President of the United States, 1857-61, was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, April 23, 1791. The place where his father's cabin stood was called Stony Batter, and it was situated in a wild, romantic spot, in a gorge of mount- ains, with towering sum- mits rising all around. He was of Irish ancestry, his father having emigrated in- 1783, with very little prop- erty, save his own strong arms. James remained in his secluded home for eight years enjoying very few social or intellectual advantages. His parents were industrious, frugal, prosperous and intelli- gent. In 1799 his father removed to Mer- cersburg, where James was placed in school and commenced a course in English, Greek and Latin. His progress was rapid and in 1801 he entered Dickinson College at Carlisle. Here he took his stand among the first scholars in the institution, and was able to master the most abstruse subjects with facility. In 1809 he graduated with the highest honors in his class. He was then eighteen years of age, tall, graceful and in vigorous health, fond of athletic sports, an unerring shot and en- livened with an exuberant flow of animal spirits. He immediately commenced the study of law in the city of Lancaster, and was admitted to the bar in 1812. He rose very rapidly in his profession and at once took undisputed stand with the ablest law- yers of the State. When but twenty-six years of age, unaided by counsel, he suc- cessfully defended before the State Senate one of the Judges of the State, who was tried upon articles of impeachment. At the age of thirty it was generally admitted that he stood at the head of the bar, and there was no lawyer in the State who had a more extensive or lucrative practice. In 181 2, just after Mr. Buchanan had entered upon the practice of the law, our second war with England occurred. With all his powers he sustained the Govern- ment, eloquently urging the rigorous pros- ecution of the war; and even enlisting as a private soldier to assist in repelling the British, who had sacked Washington and were threatening Baltimore. He was at that time a Federalist, but when the Con- stitution was adopted by both parties, Jefferson truly said, " We are all Federal- ists: we are all Republicans." The opposition of the Federalists to the war with England, and the alien and sedi- ■ »B.|l'»H|l»M"»"H»««'aiBalli|lll|BB»«i d - -T- «$» *?• ^• ffl '^i^ * 31 1 ii< BRAHAM LIN- COLN, the sixteenth President of the United States, i86i-'5> was born February 12, 1809, in Larue (then Hardin) County, Kentucky, in a cabin on Nolan Creek, three miles west of Hudgehsville. His parents were Thomas and Nancy (Hanks) Lincoln. Of his an- cestry and early years the little that is known may best be given in his own language : " My parents were both born in Virginia, of un- distinguished families — second families, per- haps I should say. My mother, who died in my tenth year, was of a family of the name of Hanks, some of whom now remain in Adams, and others in Macon County, Illinois. My paternal grandfather, Abra- ham Lincoln, emigrated from Rockbridge County, Virginia, to Kentucky in 1781 or 1782, where, a year or two later, he was killed by Indians — not in battle, but by stealth, when he was laboring to open a farm in the forest. His ancestors, who were Quakers, went to Virginia from Berks County, Pennsylvania. An effort to iden- tify them with the New England family of the same name ended in nothing more defi- nite than a similarity of Christian names in both families, such as Enoch, Levi, Mor- decai, Solomon, Abraham and the like. My father, at the death of his father, was but six years of age, and he grew up, liter- ally, without education. He removed from Kentucky to what is now Spencer County, Indiana, in my eighth year. We reached our new home about the time the State came into the Union. It was a wild region, with bears and other wild animals still in the woods. There I grew to manhood. " There were some schools, so called, but no qualification was ever required of a teacher beyond ' readin', writin', and cipher- in' to the rule of three.' If a straggler, sup- posed to understand Latin, happened to sojourn in the neighborhood, he was looked upon as a wizard. There was absolutely nothing to excite ambition for education. Of course, when I came'of age I did not know much. Still, somehow, I could read, write and cipher to the rule of three, and that was all. I have not been to school since. The little advance I now have upon this store of education I have picked up from time to time under the pressure of necessity. I was raised to farm-work, which CH <2^^>T3Z*--ik^_ c rT^-- ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 87 I continued till I was twenty-two. At twenty-one I came to Illinois and passed the first year in Macon County. Then I got to New Salem, at that time in Sangamon, now in Menard County, where I rfimained a year as a sort of clerk in a store. "Then came the Black Hawk war, and I was elected a Captain of volunteers — a suc- cess which gave me more pleasure than any I have had since. I went the campaign, was elated ; ran for the Legislature the same year (1832) and was beaten, the only time I have ever been beaten by the people. The next and three succeeding biennial elections I was elected to the Legislature, and was never a candidate afterward. " During this legislative period I had studied law, and removed to Springfield to practice it. In 1846 I was elected to the Lower House of Congress ; was not a can- didate for re-election. From 1849 to I 854, inclusive, I practiced the law more assid- uously than ever before. Always a Whig in politics, and generally on the Whig elec- toral tickets, making active canvasses, I was losing interest in politics, when the repeal of the Missouri Compromise roused me again. What I have done since is pretty well known." The early residence of Lincoln in Indi- ana was sixteen miles north of the Ohio River, on Little Pigeon Creek, one and a half miles east of Gentryville, within the present township of Carter. Here his mother died October 5, 18 18, and the next year his father married Mrs. Sally (Bush) Johnston, of Elizabethtown, Kentucky. She was an affectionate foster-parent, to whom Abraham was indebted for his first encour- agement to study. He became an eager reader, and the few books owned in the vicinity were many times perused. He worked frequently for the neighbors as a farm laborer; was for some time clerk in a store at Gentryville ; and became famous throughout that region for his athletic powers, his fondness for argument, his in- exhaustible fund of humerous anecdote, as well as for mock oratory and the composi- tion of rude satirical verses. In 1828 he made a trading voyage to New Orleans as " bow-hand " on a flatboat ; removed to Illinois in 1830; helped his father build a log house and clear a farm on the north fork of Sangamon River, ten miles west of Decatur, and was for some time employed in splitting rails for the fences — a fact which was prominently brought forward for a political purpose thirty years later. In the spring of 185 1 he, with two of his relatives, was hired to build a flatboat on the Sangamon River and navigate it to New Orleans. The boat " stuck " on a mill-dam, and was got off with great labor through an ingenious mechanical device which some years later led to Lincoln's taking out a patent for "an improved method for lifting vessels over shoals." This voyage was memorable for another reason — the sight of slaves chained, mal- treated and flogged at New Orleans was the origin of his deep convictions upon the slavery question. Returning from this voyage he became a resident for several years at New Salem, a recently settled village on the Sangamon, where he was successively a clerk, grocer, surveyor and postmaster, and acted as pilot to the first steamboat that ascended the Sangamon. Here he studied law, inter- ested himself in local politics after his return from the Black Hawk war, and became known as an effective "stump- speaker." The subject of his first political speech was the improvement of the channel of the Sangamon, and the chief ground on which he announced himself (1832) a candi- date for the Legislature was his advocacy of this popular measure, on which subject his practical experience made him the high- est authority. Elected to the Legislature in 1834 as a >■' ■»■«.■»! !■ ■ .■■ ■ . ■.■.■■■ 88 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. " Henry Clay Whig,'' he rapidly acquired that command of language and that homely but forcible rhetoric which, added to his intimate knowledge of the people from which he sprang, made him more than a match in debate for his few well-educated opponents. Admitted to the bar in 1837 he soon established himself at Springfield, where the State capital was located in 1839, largely through his influence; became a successful pleader in the State, Circuit and District Courts ; married in 1842 a lady be- longing to a prominent family in Lexington, Kentucky ; took an active part in the Pres- idential campaigns of 1840 and 1844 as candidate for elector on the Harrison and Clay tickets, and in 1846 was elected, to the United States House of Representatives over the celebrated Peter Cartwright. During his single term in Congress he did not attain any prominence. He voted for the reception of anti-slavery petitions for the abolition of the slave trade in the District of Columbia and for the Wilmot proviso; but was chiefly remem- bered for the stand he took against the Mexican war. For several years there- after he took comparatively little interest in politics, but gained a leading position at the Springfield bar. Two or three non- political lectures and an eulogy on Henry Clay (1S52) added nothing to his reputation. In 1854 the repeal of the Missouri ■ Compromise by the Kansas-Nebraska act aroused Lincoln from his indifference, and in attacking that measure he had the im- mense advantage of knowing perfectly well the motives and the record of its author, Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, then popu- larly designated as the " Little Giant." The latter came to Springfield in October, 1854, on the occasion of the State Fair, to vindi- cate his policy in the Senate, and the " Anti- Nebraska" Whigs, remembering that Lin- coln had often measured his strength with Douglas in the Illinois Legislature and be- fore the Springfield Courts, engaged him to improvise a reply. This speech, in the opinion of those who heard it, was one of the greatest efforts of Lincoln's life ; cer- tainly the most effective in his whole career. It took the audience by storm, and from that moment it was felt that Douglas had met his match. Lincoln was accordingly selected as the Anti-Nebraska candidate for the United States Senate in place of General Shields, whose term expired March 4, 1855, and led to several ballots; but Trumbull was ultimately chosen. The second conflict on the soil of Kan- sas, which Lincoln had predicted, soon be- gan. The result was the disruption of the Whig and the formation of the Republican party. At the Bloomington State Conven- tion in 1856, where the new party first assumed form in Illinois, Lincoln made an impressive address, in which for the first time he took distinctive ground against slavery in itself. At the National Republican Convention at Philadelphia, June 17, after the nomi- nation of Fremont, Lincoln was put for- ward by the Illinois delegation for the Vice-Presidency, and received on the first ballot no votes against 259 for William L, Dayton. He took a prominent part in the canvass, being on the electoral ticket. In 1858 Lincoln was unanimously nomi- nated by the Republican State Convention as its candidate for the United States Senate in place of Douglas, and in his speech of acceptance used the celebrated illustration of a "house divided against itself " on the slavery question, which was, perhaps, the cause of his defeat. The great debate car- ried on at all the principal towns of Illinois between Lincoln and Douglas as rival Sena- torial candidates resulted at the time in the election of the latter ; but being widely cir- culated as a campaign document, it fixed the attention of the country upon the ■■-■■■■B»g"«»«n«n«i»B»«»»iai! t m ita' m ia m >ai m 'ea*'m' m ai^m m m m m m K m ti^m m m m w m m m mi*tii*SML~M~m* l m m !l} ABRAHAM LINCOLN. 89 former, as the clearest and most convinc- ing exponent of Republican doctrine. Early in 1859 ne began to be named in Illinois as a suitable Republican candidate for the Presidential campaign of the ensu- ing year, and a political address delivered at the Cooper Institute, New York, Febru- ary 27, i860, followed by similar speeches at New Haven, Hartford and elsewhere in New England, first made him known to the Eastern States in the light by which he had long been regarded at home. By the Re- publican State Convention, which met at Decatur, Illinois, May 9 and 10, Lincoln was unanimously endorsed for the Presi- dency. It was on this occasion that two rails, said to have been split by his hands thirty years before, were brought into the convention, and the incident contributed much to his popularity. The National Republican Convention at Chicago, after spirited efforts made in favor of Seward, Chase and Bates, nominated Lincoln for the Presidency, with Hannibal Hamlin for Vice-President, at the same time adopt- ing a vigorous anti-slavery platform. The Democratic party having been dis- organized and presenting two candidates, Douglas and Breckenridge, and the rem- nant of the "American" party having put forward John Bell, of Tennessee, the Re- publican victory was an easy one, Lincoln being elected November 6 by a large plu- rality, comprehending nearly all the North- ern States, but none of the Southern. The secession of South Carolina and the Gulf States was the immediate result, followed a few months later by that of the border slave States and the outbreak of the great civil war. The life of Abraham Lincoln became thenceforth merged in the history of his country. None of the details of the vast conflict which filled the remainder of Lin- coln's life can here be given. Narrowly escaping assassination by avoiding Balti- more on his way to the capital, he reached Washington February 23, and was inaugu- rated President of the United States March 4, 1861. In his inaugural address he said: " I hold, that in contemplation of universal law and the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual. Perpetuity is implied if not ex- pressed in the fundamental laws of all na- tional governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a pro- vision in its organic law for its own termi- nation. I therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and to the extent of my ability I shall take care, as the Constitution en- joins upon me, that the laws of the United States be extended in all the States. In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio- lence, and there shall be none unless it be forced upon the national authority. ' The power conferred to me will be used to hold, occupy and possess the property and places belonging to the Government, and to col- lect the duties and imports, but beyond what may be necessary for these objects there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere. In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-country- men, is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being your- selves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Gov- ernment, while I shall have the most sol- emn one to preserve, protect and defend it." He called to his cabinet his principal rivals for the Presidential nomination — Seward, Chase, Cameron and Bates; se- cured the co-operation of the Union Demo- crats, headed by Douglas ; called out 75,000 militia from the several States upon the first tidings of the bombardment of Fort Sumter, April 15; proclaimed a blockade of the Southern posts April 19; called an extra PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. session of Congress for July 4, from which he asked and obtained 400,000 men and $400,000,000 for the war; placed McClellan at the head of the Federal army on General Scott's resignation, October 31; appointed Edwin M. Stanton Secretary of War, Jan- uary 14, 1862, and September 22, 1862, issued a proclamation declaring the free- dom of all slaves in the States and parts of States then in rebellion from and after January 1, 1863. This was the crowning act of Lincoln's career— the act by which he will be chiefly known through all future time — and it decided the war. October 16, 1863, President Lincoln called for 300,000 volunteers to replace those whose term of enlistment had expired ; made a celebrated and touching, though brief, address at the dedication of the Gettysburg military cemetery, November 19, 1863; commissioned Ulysses S. Grant Lieutenant-General and Commander-in- Chief of the armies of the United States, March 9, 1 864; was re-elected President in November of the same year, by a large majority over General McClellan, with Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, as Vice- President; delivered a very remarkable ad- dress at his second inauguration, March 4, 1865; visited the army before Richmond the same month; entered the capital of the Con- federacy the day after its fall, and upon the surrender of General Robert E. Lee's army, April 9, was actively engaged in devising generous plans for the reconstruction of the Union, when, on the evening of Good Fri- day, April 14, he was shot in his box at Ford's Theatre, Washington, byJohnWilkes Booth, a fanatical actor, and expired early on the following morning, April 15. Al- most simultaneously a murderous attack was made upon William H. Seward, Secre- tary of State. At noon on the 15th of April Andrew Johnson assumed the Presidency, and active measures were taken which resulted in the death of Booth and the execution of his principal accomplices. The funeral of President Lincoln was conducted with unexampled solemnity and magnificence. Impressive services were held in Washington, after which the sad procession proceeded over the same route he had traveled four years before, from Springfield to Washington. In Philadel- phia his body lay in state in Independence Hall, in which he had declared before his first inauguration " that I would sooner be assassinated than to give up the principles of the Declaration of Independence." He was buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery, near Springfield, Illinois, on May 4, where a monument emblematic of the emancipation of the slaves and the restoration of the Union mark his resting place. The leaders and citizens of the expiring Confederacy expressed genuine indignation at the murder of a generous political adver- sary. Foreign nations took part in mourn- ing the death of a statesman who had proved himself a true representative of American nationality. The freedmen of the South almost worshiped the memory of their de- liverer ; and the general sentiment of the great Nation he had saved awarded him a place in its affections, second only to that held by Washington. The characteristics of Abraham Lincoln have been familiarly known throughout the civilized world. His tall, gaunt, ungainly figure, homely countenance, and his shrewd mother-wit, shown in his celebrated con- versations overflowing in humorous and pointed anecdote, combined with an accu- rate, intuitive appreciation of the questions of the time, are recognized as forming the best type of a period of American history now rapidly passing away. •s~ fjtyl^ NDREW JOHNSON, the seventeenth Presi- dent of the United States, i865-'9, was born at Raleigh, North Carolina, De- cember 29, 1808. His father died when he was four years old, and in his eleventh year he was ap- prenticed to a tailor. He nev- er attended school, and did not learn to read until late in his apprenticeship, when he suddenly acquired a passion for obtaining knowledge, and devoted all his spare time to reading. After working two years as a journey- man tailor at Lauren's Court-House, South Carolina, he removed, in 1826, to Green- ville, Tennessee, where he worked at his trade and married. Under his wife's in- structions he made rapid progress in his education, and manifested such an intelli- gent interest in local politics as to be elected as " workingmen's candidate " al- derman, in 1828, and mayor in 1830, being twice re-elected to each office. During this period he cultivated his tal- ents as a public speaker by taking part in a debating society, consisting largely of stu- dents of Greenville College. In 1835, and again in 1839, he was chosen to the lower house of the Legislature, as a Democrat. In 1841 he was elected State Senator, and in 1843, Representative in Congress, being re-elected four successive periods, until 1853, when he was chosen Governor of Tennessee. In Congress he supported the administrations of Tyler and Polk in their chief measures, especially the annexation of Texas, the adjustment of the Oregon boundary, the Mexican war, and the tariff of 1846. In 1855 Mr. Johnson was re-elected Gov- ernor, and in 1857 entered the United States Senate, where he was conspicuous as an advocate of retrenchment and of the Homestead bill, and as an opponent of the Pacific Railroad. He was supported by the Tennessee delegation to the Democratic convention in i860 for the Presidential nomination, and lent his influence to the Breckenridge wing of that party. When the election of Lincoln had brought about the first attempt at secession in December, i860, Johnson took in the Senate a firm attitude for the Union, and in May, 1861, on returning to Tennessee, he was in imminent peril of suffering from 94 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. popular violence for his loyalty to the " old flag." He was the leader of the Loyalists' convention of East Tennessee, and during the following winter was very active in or- ganizing relief for the destitute loyal refu- gees from that region, his own family being among those compelled to leave. By his course in this crisis Johnson came prominently before the Northern public, and when in March, 1862, he was appointed by President Lincoln military Governor of Tennessee, with the rank of Brigadier-Gen- eral, he increased in popularity by the vig- orous and successful manner in which he labored to restore order, protect Union men and punish marauders. On the ap- proach of the Presidential campaign of 1 864, the termination of the war being plainly foreseen, and several Southern States being partially reconstructed, it was felt that the Vice-Presidency should be given to a South- ern man of conspicuous loyalty, and • Gov- ernor Johnson was elected on the same platform and ticket as President Lincoln; and on the assassination of the latter suc- ceeded to the Presidency, April 15, 1865^ In a public speech two days later he said: "The American people must be taught, if they do not already feel, that treason is a crime and must be punished; that the Gov- ernment will not always bear with its ene- mies; that it is strong, not only to protect, but to punish. In our peaceful history treason has been almost unknown. The people must understand that it is the black- est of crimes, and will be punished." He then added the ominous sentence: " In re- gard to my future course, I make no prom- ises, no pledges." President Johnson re- tained the cabinet of Lincoln, and exhibited considerable severity toward traitors in his earlier acts and speeches, but he soon inaug- urated a policy of reconstruction, proclaim- ing a general amnesty to the late Confeder- ates, and successively establishing provis- ional Governments in the Southern States. These States accordingly claimed represen- tation in Congress in the following Decem- ber, and the momentous question of what should be the policy of the victorious Union toward its late armed opponents was forced upon that body. Two considerations impelled the Repub- lican majority to reject the policy of Presi. dent Johnson: First, an apprehension that the chief magistrate intended to undo the re- sults of the war in regard to slavery; and.sec- ond, the sullen attitude of the South, which seemed to be plotting to regain the policy which arms had lost. The credentials of the Southern members elect were laid on the table, a civil rights bill and a bill extending the sphere of the Freedmen's Bureau were passed over the executive veto, and the two highest branches of the Government were soon in open antagonism. The action of Congress was characterized by the Presi- dent as a " new rebellion." In July the cabinet was reconstructed, Messrs. Randall, Stanbury and Browning taking the places of Messrs. Denison, Speed and Harlan, and an unsuccessful attempt was made by means of a general convention in Philadel- phia to form a new party on the basis of the administration policy. In an excursion to Chicago for the pur- pose of laying a corner-stone of the monu- ment to Stephen A. Douglas, President Johnson, accompanied by several members of the cabinet, passed through Philadelphia, New York and Albany, in each of which cities, and in other places along the route, he made speeches justifying and explaining his own policy, and violently denouncing the action of Congress. August 12, 1867, President Johnson re- moved the Secretary of War, replacing him by General Grant. Secretary Stanton retired under protest, based upon the ten- ure-of-office act which had been passed the preceding March. The President then is- sued a proclamation declaring the insurrec 1 •mSmSatSmB .■.■.l,»a» M ■o, l ll„» ANDREW JOHNSON. tion at an end, and that " peace, order, tran- quility and civil authority existed in and throughout the United States." Another proclamation enjoined obedience to the Constitution and the laws, and an amnesty was published September 7, relieving nearly all the participants in the late Rebellion from the disabilities thereby incurred, on condition of taking the oath to support the Constitution and the laws. In December Congress refused to confirm the removal of Secretary Stanton, who thereupon resumed the exercise of his of- fice; but February 21, 1868, President Johnson again attempted to remove him, appointing General Lorenzo Thomas in his place. Stanton refused to vacate his post, and was sustained by the Senate. February 24 the House of Representa- tives voted to impeach the President for " high crime and misdemeanors," and March S presented eleven articles of impeachment on the ground of his resistance to the exe- cution of the acts of Congress, alleging, in addition to the offense lately committed, his public expressions of contempt for Con- gress, in " certain intemperate, inflamma- tory and scandalous harangues" pronounced in August and September, 1866, and there- after declaring that the Thirty-ninth Con- gress of the United States was not a competent legislative body, and denying its power to propose Constitutional amend- ments. March 23 the impeachment trial began, the President appearing by counsel, and resulted in acquittal, the vote lacking one of the two-thirds vote required for conviction. The remainder of President Johnson's term of office was passed without any such conflicts as might have been anticipated. He failed to obtain a nomination for re- election by the Democratic party, though receiving sixty-five votes on the first ballot. July 4 and December 25 new proclamations of pardon to the participants in the late Rebellion were issued, but were of little effect. On the accession of General Grant to the Presidency, March 4, 1869, Johnson returned to Greenville, Tennessee. Unsuc- cessful in 1870 and 1872 as a candidate re- spectively for United States Senator and Representative, he was finally elected to the Senate in 1875, and took his seat in the extra session of March, in which his speeches were comparatively temperate. He died July 31, 1875, and was buried at Green- ville. President Johnson's administration was a peculiarly unfortunate one. That he should so soon become involved in bitter feud with the Republican majority in Congress was certainly a surprising and deplorable inci- dent; yet, in reviewing the circumstances after a lapse of so many years, it is easy to find ample room for a charitable judgment of both the parties in the heated contro- versy, since it cannot be doubted that any President, even Lincoln himself, had he lived, must have sacrificed a large portion of his popularity in carrying out any pos- sible scheme of reconstruction. aH*i5I* . m ^„«„ro„»„M„ ai„« ga :«^ut|.a»„.ja. a ui,,M - iii„-M arwi; JJ] i» ' ■■■■■■■«Ji» g« *m«M"«" M »«M|«"«"«M«» M >*«W M M«»«"«M M M«» M W»l>l»llll M » M li M »a»jWgffiSg a^5^gW PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. \\ mi *\*( t\ LYSSES SIMPSON GRANT, the eight- eenth President of the United States, i86a-'77, was born April 27; 1822, at Point Pleasant, ■^ Clermont County, Ohio. His father was of Scotch descent, and a dealer in leather. . At the age of seventeen he en- tered the Military Academy at West Point, and four years later graduated twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine, receiving the commission of Brevet Second Lieutenant. He was assigned to the Fourth Infantry and re- mained in the army eleven years. He was engaged in every battle of the Mexican war except that of Buena Vista, and received two brevets for gallantry. In 1848 Mr. Grant married Julia,daughter of Frederick Dent, a prominent merchant of St. Louis, and in 1854, having reached the grade of Captain, he resigned his commis- sion in the army. For several years he fol- lowed farming near St. Louis, but unsuc- cessfully ; and in i860 he entered the leather trade with his father at Galena, Illinois. When the civil war broke out in 1861, Grant was thirty-nine years of age, but en- tirely unknown to public men and without any personal acquaintance with great affairs. President Lincoln's first call for troops was made on the 15th of April, and on the 19th Grant was drilling a company of volunteers at Galena. He also offered his services to the Adjutant-General of the army, but re- ceived no reply. The Governor of Illinois, however, employed him in the organization of volunteer troops, and at the end of five weeks he was appointed Colonel of the Twenty-first Infantry. He took command of his regiment in June, and reported first to General Pope in Missouri. His superior knowledge of military life rather surprised his superior officers, who had never before even heard of him, and they were thus led to place him on the road to rapid advance- ment. August 7 he was commissioned a Brigadier-General of volunteers, the ap- pointment having been made without his knowledge. He had been unanimously recommended by the Congressmen from Illinois, not one of whom had been his personal acquaintance. For a few weeks he was occupied in watching the move- ments of partisan forces in Missouri. September 1 he was placed in command of the District of Southeast Missouri, with headquarters at Cairo, and on the 6th, with- out orders, he seized Paducah, at the mouth of the Tennessee River, and commanding the navigation both of that stream and of ■=^■■■■■■■■■■■■1 ■aMaiWmMMiBiiBBiM* (Z^<^C- .i,».Bi.ia.ai_».i ■■"■■■■■■■■■■■■■■B the Ohio. This stroke secured Kentucky to the Union ; for the State Legislature, which had until then affected to be neutral, at once declared in favor of the Govern- ment. In November following, according to orders, he made a demonstration about eighteen miles below Cairo, preventing the crossing of hostile troops into Missouri ; but in order to accomplish this purpose he had to do some fighting, and that, too, with only 3,000 raw recruits, against 7,000 Con- federates. Grant carried off two pieces of artillery and 200 prisoners. After repeated applications to General Halleck, his immediate superior, he was allowed, in February, 1862, to move up the Tennessee River against Fort Henry, in conjunction with a naval force. The gun- boats silenced the fort, and Grant immedi- ately made preparations to attack Fort Donelson, about twelve miles distant, on the Cumberland River. Without waiting for orders he moved his troops there,'and with 15,000 men began the siege. The fort, garrisoned with 21,000 men, was a strong one, but after hard fighting on three successive days Grant forced an " Uncon- ditional Surrender" (an alliteration upon the initials of his name). The prize he capt- ured consisted of sixty -five cannon, 17,600 small arms and 14,623 soldiers. About 4,- 000 of the garrison had escaped in the night, and 2,500 were killed or wounded. Grant's entire loss was less than 2,000. This was the first important success won by the national troops during the war, and its strategic re- sults were marked, as the entire States of Kentucky and Tennessee at once fell into the National hands. Our hero was made a Major-General of Volunteers and placed in command of the District of West Ten- nessee. In March, 1862, he was ordered to move up the Tennessee River toward Corinth, where the Confederates were concentrat- ing a large army ; but he was directed not to attack. His forces, now numbering 38,- 000, were accordingly encamped near Shi- loh, or Pittsburg Landing, to await the arrival of General Buell with 40,000 more; but April 6 the Confederates came out from Corinth 50,000 strong and attacked Grant violently, hoping to overwhelm him before Buell could arrive ; 5,000 of his troops were beyond supporting distance, so that he was largely outnumbered and forced back to the river, where, however, he held out until dark, when the head of Buell's column came upon the field. The next day the Confederates were driven back to Corinth, nineteen miles. The loss was heavy on both sides ; Grant, being senior in rank to Buell, commanded on both days. Two days afterward Halleck arrived at the front and assumed command of the army, Grant remaining at the head of the right wing and the reserve. On May 30 Corinth was evacuated by the Confederates. In July Halleck was made General-in-Chief, and Grant succeeded him in command of the Department of the Tennessee. September 19 the battle of Iuka was fought, where, owing to Rosecrans's fault, only an incom- plete victory was obtained. Next, Grant, with 30,000 men, moved down into Mississippi and threatened Vicks- burg, while Sherman, with 40,000 men, was sent by way of the river to attack that place in front; but, owing to Colonel Murphy's surrendering Holly Springs to the Con- federates, Grant was so weakened that he had to retire to Corinth, and then Sherman failed to sustain his intended attack. In January, 1863, General Grant took command in person of all the troops in the Mississippi Valley, and spent several months in fruitless attempts to compel the surrender or evacuation of Vicksburg; but July 4, following, the place surrendered, with 31,- 600 men and 172 cannon, and the Mississippi River thus fell permanently into the hands of the Government. Grant was made a f. 1 3 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Major-General in the regular army, and in October following' he was placed in com- mand of the Division of the Mississippi. The same month he went to Chattanooga and saved the Army of the Cumberland from starvation, and drove Bragg from that part of the country. This victory over- threw the last important hostile force west of the Alleghanies and opened the way for the National armies into Georgia and Sher- man's march to the sea. The remarkable series of successes which Grant had now achieved pointed him out as the appropriate leader of the National armies, and accordingly, in February, 1864, the rank of Lieutenant-General was created for him by Congress, and on March 17 he assumed command of the armies of the United States. Planning the grand final campaign, he sent Sherman into Georgia, Sigel into the valley of Virginia, and Butler to capture Richmond, while he fought his own way from the Rapidan to the James. The costly but victorious battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna and Cold Harbor were fought, more for the purpose of annihilating Lee than to capture any particular point. In June, 1864, the siege of Richmond was begun. Sherman, meanwhile, was marching and fighting daily in Georgia and steadily advancing toward Atlanta ; but Sigel had been defeated in the valley of Virginia, and was superseded by Hunter. Lee sent Early to threaten the Na- tional capital ; whereupon Grant gathered up a force which he placed under Sheridan, and that commander rapidly drove Early, in a succession of battles, through the valley of Virginia and destroyed his army as an organized force. The siege of Richmond went on, and Grant made numerous attacks, but was only partially successful. The people of the North grew impatient, and even the Government advised him to abandon the attempt to take Richmond or crush the Confederacy in that way ; but he never wavered. He resolved to " fight it out on that line, if it took all summer." By September Sherman had made his way to Atlanta, and Grant then sent him on his famous " march to the sea," a route which the chief had designed six months before. He made Sherman's success possi- ble, not only by holding Lee in front of Richmond, but also by sending reinforce- ments to Thomas, who then drew off and defeated the only army which could have confronted Sherman. Thus the latter was left unopposed, and, with Thomas and Sheri- dan, was used in the furtherance of Grant's plans. Each executed his part in the great design and contributed his share to the re- sult at which Grant was aiming. Sherman finally reached Savannah, Schofield beat the enemy at Franklin, Thomas at Nash- ville, and Sheridan wherever he met him ; and all this while General Grant was hold- ing Lee, with the principal Confederate army, near Richmond, as it were chained and helpless. Then Schofield was brought from the West, and Fort Fisher and Wil- mington were captured on the sea-coast, so as to afford him a foothold ; from here he was sent into the interior of North Caro- lina, and Sherman was ordered to move northward to join him. When all this was effected, and Sheridan could find no one else to fight in the Shenandoah Valley, Grant brought the cavalry leader to the front of Richmond, and, making a last effort, drove Lee from his entrenchments and captured Richmond. At the beginning of the final campaign Lee had collected 73,000 fighting men in the lines at Richmond, besides the local militia and the gunboat crews, amounting to 5,000 more. Including Sheridan's force Grant had 110,000 men in the works before Petersburg and Richmond. Petersburg fell on the 2d of April, and Richmond on the 3d, and Lee fled in the direction of Lynch- burg. Grant pursued with remorseless H^ JfL- JHn~ ^^L— ^HL~- agggMgggggJBI ■■■■■■■■■.■■■■■■■■■««n».».«.»i.gi«P.».»««»»«».»n»B"ll ULTSSES S. GRANT. v V v energy, only stopping to strike fresh blows, and Lee at last found himself not only out- fought but also out-marched and out-gen- eraled. Being completely surrounded, he surrendered on the 9th of April, 1865, at Appomattox Court-House, in the open field, with 2.7,000 men, all that remained of his army. This act virtually ended the war. Thus, in ten days Grant had captured Petersburg and Richmond, fought, by his subordinates, the battles of Five Forks and Sailor's Creek, besides numerous smaller ones, captured 20,000 men in actual battle, and received the surrender of 27,000 more at Appomattox, absolutely annihilating an army of 70,000 soldiers. General Grant returned at once to Wash- ington to superintend the disbandment of the armies, but this pleasurable work was scarcely begun when President Lincoln was • assassinated. It had doubtless been in- tended to inflict the same fate upon Grant ; but he, fortunately, on account of leaving Washington early in the evening, declined an invitation to accompany the President to the theater where the murder was com- mitted. This event made Andrew Johnson President, but left Grant by far the most conspicuous figure in the public life of the country. He became the object of an en- thusiasm greater than had ever been known in America. Every possible honor was heaped upon him ; the grade of General was created for him by Congress; houses were presented to him by citizens ; towns were illuminated on his entrance into them ; and, to cap the climax, when he made his tour around the world, " all nations did him honor " as they had never before honored a foreigner. The General, as Commander-in-Chief, was placed in an embarrassing position by the opposition of President Johnson to the measures of Congress ; but he directly man- ifested his characteristic loyalty by obeying Congress rather than the disaffected Presi- dent, although for a short time served in his cabinet as Secretary Of course, everybody thought of Ger Grant as the next President of the United States, and he was accordingly elected as such in 1868 "by a large majority," and four years later re-elected by a much larger majority — the most overwhelming ever given by the people of this country. His first administration was distinguished by a ces- sation of the strifes which sprang from the war, by a large reduction of the National debt, and by a settlement of the difficulties with England which had grown out of the depredations committed by privateers fit- ted out in England during the war. This last settlement was made by the famous " Geneva arbitration," which saved to this Government $15,000,000, but, more than all, prevented a war with England. "Let us have peace," was Grant's motto. And this is the most appropriate place to remark that above all Presidents whom this Gov- ernment has ever had, General Grant was the most non-partisan. He regarded the Executive office as purely and exclusively executive of the laws of Congress, irrespect- ive of "politics." But every great man has jealous, bitter enemies, a fact Grant was well aware of. After the close of his Presidency, our General made his famous tour around the world, already referred to, and soon after- ward, in company with Ferdinand Ward, of New York City, he engaged in banking and stock brokerage, which business was made disastrous to Grant, as well as to him- self, by his rascality. By this time an in- curable cancer of the tongue developed itself in the person of the afflicted ex- President, which ended his unrequited life July 23, 1885. Thus passed away from earth's turmoils the man, the General, who was as truly the " father of this regenerated country" as was Washington the father of the infant nation. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. ■™ m 7 +*§tfn£f*4£8o£i> b. tf^^i?.^ UTHERFORD BIRCH- ARD HAYES, the nine- teenth President of the United States, i877-'8i, was born in Delaware, Ohio, Oc- tober 4, 1822. His ancestry can be traced as far back as 1280, when Hayes and Rutherford were two Scottish chieftains fighting side by side with Baliol, William Wallace and Robert Bruce. Both fami- lies belonged to the nobility, owned extensive estates and had a large following. The Hayes family had, for a coat-of-arms, a shield, barred and surmounted by a flying eagle. There was a circle of stars about the eagle and above the shield, while on a scroll underneath the shield was inscribed the motto, " Recte." Misfortune overtaking the family, George Hayes left Scotland in 1680, and settled in Windsor, Connecticut. He was an industrious worker in wood and iron, having a mechanical genius and a cul- tivated mind. His son George was born in Windsor and remained there during his life. Daniel Hayes, son of the latter, married Sarah Lee, and lived in Simsbury, Con- necticut. Ezekiel, son of Daniel, was born in 1724, and was a manufacturer of scythes at Bradford, Connecticut. Rutherford Hayes, son of Ezekiel and grandfather of President Hayes, was born in New Haven, in August, 1756. He was a famous black-' smith and tavern-keeper. He immigrated to Vermont at an unknown date, settling in Brattleboro where he established a hotel. Here his son Rutherford, father of Presi- dent Hayes, was born. In September, 1813, he married Sophia Birchard, of Wilming- ton, Vermont, whose ancestry on the male side is traced back to 1635, to John Birch- ard, one of the principal founders of Nor- wich. Both of her grandfathers were soldiers in the Revolutionary war. The father of President Hayes was of a mechanical turn, and could mend a plow, knit a stocking, or do almost anything that he might undertake. He was prosperous in business, a member of the church and active in all the benevolent enterprises of the town. After the close of the war of 1 8 1 2 he immigrated to Ohio, and purchased a farm near the present town of Delaware. His family then consisted of his wife and two children,, and an orphan girl whom he had adopted. It was in 181 7 that the family arrived at Delaware. Instead of settling upon his Sj l/L^. lUmm^ n ZSiZSSMiS m ZmZMZ^^ RUTHERFORD B. HAYES. i«5 farm, Mr. Hayes concluded to enter into business in the village. He purchased an interest in a distillery, a business then as re- spectable as it was profitable. His capital and recognized ability assured him the highest social position in the community. He died July 22, 1822, less than three months before the birth of the son that was destined to fill the office of President of the United States. Mrs. Hayes at this period was very weak, and the subject of this sketch was so feeble at birth that he was not expected to live beyond a month or two at most. As the months went by he grew weaker and weaker so that the neighbors were in the habit of inquiring from time to time " if Mrs. Hayes's baby died last night." On one oc- casion a neighbor, who was on friendly terms with the family, after alluding to the boy's big head and the mother's assiduous care of him, said to her, in a bantering way, " That's right ! Stick to him. You have got him along so far, and I shouldn't won- der if he would really come to something yet." " You need not laugh," said Mrs. Hayes, " you wait and see. You can't tell but I shall make him President of the United States yet." The boy lived, in spite of the universal predictions of his speedy death; and when, in 1825, his elder brother was drowned, he became, if possible, still deardr to his mother. He was seven years old before he was placed in school. His education, however, was not neglected. His sports were almost wholly within doors, his playmates being his sister and her associates. These circum- stances tended, no doubt, to foster that gentleness of disposition and that delicate consideration for the feelings of others which are marked traits of his character. At school he was ardently devoted to his studies, obedient to the teacher, and care- ful to avoid the quarrels in which many of his schoolmates were involved. He was always waiting at the school-house door when it opened in the morning, and never late in returning to his seat at recess. His sister Fannie was his constant companion, and their affection for each other excited the admiration of their friends. In 1838 young Hayes entered Kenyon College and graduated in 1842. He then began the study of law in the office of Thomas Sparrow at Columbus. His health was now well established, his figure robust, his mind vigorous and alert. In a short time he determined to enter the law school at Cambridge, Massachusetts, where for two years he pursued his studies with great diligence. In 1845 he was admitted to the bar at Marietta, Ohio, and shortly afterward went into practice as an attorney-at-law with Ralph P. Buckland, of Fremont. Here he remained three years, acquiring but limited practice, and apparently unambitious oi distinction in his profession. His bachelor uncle, Sardis Birchard, who had always manifested great interest in his nephew and rendered him assistance in boyhood, was now a wealthy banker, and it was under- stood that the young man would be his heir. It is possible that this expectation may have made Mr. Hayes more indifferent to the attainment of wealth than he would otherwise have been, but he was led into no extravagance or vices on this account. In 1849 ne removed to Cincinnati where his ambition found new stimulus. Two events occurring at this period had a pow- erful influence upon his subsequent life. One of them was his marriage to Miss Lucy Ware Webb, daughter of Dr. James Webb, of Cincinnati; the other was his introduction to the Cincinnati Literary Club, a body embracing such men as Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, General John Pope and Governor Edward F. Noyes. The marriage was a fortunate one as every- body knows. Not one of all the wives of 106 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. I I our Presidents was more universally ad- mired, reverenced and beloved than is Mrs. Hayes, and no one has done more than she to reflect honor upon American woman- hood. In 1856 Mr. Hayes was nominated to the office of Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, but declined to accept the nomina- tion. Two years later he was chosen to the office of City Solicitor. In 1861, when the Rebellion broke out, he was eager to take up arms in the defense of his country. His military life was bright and illustrious. June 7, 1861, he was appointed Major of the Twenty-third Ohio Infantry. In July the regiment was sent to Virginia. October 15, 1 861, he was made Lieutenant-Colonel of his regiment, and in August, 1862, was promoted Colonel of the Seventy-ninth Ohio Regiment, but refused to leave his old comrades. He was wounded at the battle of South Mountain, and suffered severely, being unable to enter upon active duty for several weeks. No- vember 30, 1862, he rejoined his regiment as its Colonel, having been promoted Octo- ber 15. December 25, 1862, he was placed in com- mand of the Kanawha division, and for meritorious service in several battles was promoted Brigadier-General. He was also brevetted Major-General for distinguished He was wounded four horses were shot from services in 1864. times, and five under him. Mr. Hayes was first a Whig in politics, and was among the first to unite with the Free-Soil and Republican parties. In 1864 he was elected to Congress from the Sec- ond Ohio District, which had always been Democratic, receiving a majority of 3,098. In 1 866 he was renominated for Congress and was a second time elected. In 1867 he was elected Governor over Allen G. Thur- man, the Democratic candidate, and re- elected in 1869. In 1874 Sardis Birchard died, leaving his large estate to General Hayes. In 1876 he was nominated for the Presi- dency. His letter of acceptance excited the admiration of the whole country. He resigned the office of Governor and retired to his home in Fremont to await the result of the canvass. After a hard, long contest he was inaugurated March 5, 1877. His Presidency was characterized by compro- mises with all parties,, in order to please as many as possible. The close of his Presi- dential term in 1881 was the close of his public life, and since then he has remained at his home in Fremont, Ohio, in Jefferso- nian retirement from public notice, in strik- ing contrast with most others of the world's notables. JAMES A. GARFIELD. 109 f^grf *^»<§gi'§gitSSit^iit^itgg,3(; V&f&i%?e%H%?<%H%>i%> &®. J4M11 4^ 14M11I,'1 5 ^^ |^ 5 '«^i%)ig?(^i^^>(^Bi(»^^Pi)€>Si^«i , S)'^i^i^i^ AMES A. GARFIELD, twentieth President of the United States, 1881, was born November 19, 1 83 1, in the wild woods of Cuyahoga County, Ohio. His parents were Abram and Eliza (Ballou) Garfield, who were of New England ancestry. The senior Garfield was an in- dustrious farmer, as the rapid improvements which appeared on his place at- tested. The residence was the familiar pioneer log cabin, and the household comprised the parents and their children — Mehetable, Thomas, Mary and James A. In May, 1833, the father died, and the care of the house- hold consequently devolved upon young Thomas, to whom James was greatly in- debted for the educational and other ad- vantages he enjoyed. He now lives in Michigan, and the two sisters live in Solon, Ohio, near their birthplace. As the subject of our sketch grew up, he, too, was industrious, both in mental and physical labor. He worked upon the farm, or at carpentering, or chopped wood, or at any other odd job that would aid in support of the family, and in the meantime made the most of his books. Ever afterward he was never ashamed of his humble origin, nor for- got the friends of his youth. The poorest laborer was sure of his sympathy, and he always exhibited the character of a modest gentleman. Until he was about sixteen years of age, James's highest ambition was to be a lake captain. To this his mother was strongly opposed, but she finally consented to his going to Cleveland to carry out his long- cherished design, with the understanding, however, that he should try to obtain some other kind of employment. He walked all the way to Cleveland, and this was his first visit to the city. After making many ap- plications for work, including labor on board a lake vessel, but all in vain, he finally engaged as a driver for his cousin, Amos Letcher, on the Ohio & Pennsyl- vania Canal. In a short time, however, he quit this and returned home. He then at- tended the seminary at Chester for about three years, and next he entered Hiram In- stitute, a school started in 1850 by the Disciples of Christ, of which church he was a member. In order to pay his way he assumed the duties of janitor, and at times taught school. He soon completed the cur- riculum there, and then entered Williams College, at which he graduated in 1856, taking one of the highest honors of his class. ^^^m&wmsmzmnsm jEKSMisws* PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. Afterward he returned to Hiram as Presi- dent. In his youthful and therefore zealous piety, he exercised his talents occasionally as a preacher of the Gospel. He was a man of strong moral and religious convic- tions, and as soon as he began to look into politics, he saw innumerable points that could be improved. He also studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. November 11, 1858, Mr. Garfield married Miss Lucretia Rudolph, who ever after- ward proved a worthy consort in all the stages of her husband's career. They had seven children, five of whom are still living. It was in 1859 that Garfield made his first political speeches, in Hiram and the neighboring villages, and three years later he began to speak at county mass-meetings, being received everywhere with popular favor. He was elected to the State Senate this year, taking his seat in January, i860. On the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion in 1861, Mr. Garfield resolved to fight as he had talked, and accordingly he enlisted to defend the old flag, receiving his commission as Lieutenant-Colonel of the Forty-second Regiment of the Ohio Volun- teer Infantry, August 14, that year. He was immediately thrown into active service, and before he had ever seen a gun fired in action he was placed in command of four regiments of infantry and eight companies of cavalry, charged with the work of driv- ing the Confederates, headed by Humphrey Marshall, from his native State, Kentucky. This task was speedily accomplished, al- though against great odds. On account of his success, President Lincoln commissioned him Brigadier-General, January 11, 1862; and, as he had been the youngest man in the Ohio Senate two years before, so now he was the youngest General in the army. He was with General Buell's army at Shi- loh, also in its operations around Corinth and its march through Alabama. Next, he was detailed as a member of the general court-martial for the trial of General Fitz- John Porter, and then ordered to report to General Rosecrans, when he was assigned to the position of Chief of Staff. His mili- tary history closed with his brilliant ser- vices at Chickamauga, where he won the stars of Major-General. In the fall of 1862, without any effort on his part, he was elected as a Representative to Congress, from that section of Ohio which had been represented for sixty years mainly by two men — Elisha Whittlesey and Joshua R. Giddings. Again, he was the youngest member of that body, and con- tinued there by successive re-elections, as Representative or Senator, until he was elected President in 1880. During his life in Congress he compiled and published by his speeches, there and elsewhere, more information on the issues of the day, espe- cially on one side, than any other member. June 8, 1880, at the National Republican Convention held in Chicago, General Gar- field was nominated for the Presidency, in preference to the old war-horses, Blaine and Grant ; and although many of the Re- publican party felt sore over the failure of their respective heroes to obtain the nomi- nation, General Garfield was elected by a fair popular majority. He was duly in- augurated, but on July 2 following, before he had fairly got started in his administra- tion, he was fatally shot by a half-demented assassin. After very painful and protracted suffering, he died September 19, 1881, la- mented by all the American people. Never before in the history of this country had anything occurred which so nearly froze the blood of the Nation, for the moment, as the awful act of Guiteau, the murderer. He was duly tried, convicted and put to death on the gallows. The lamented Garfield was succeeded by the Vice-President, General Arthur, who seemed to endeavor to carry out the policy inaugurated by his predecessor. CHESTER ALLEN ARTHUR, the twen- ty-first Chief Execu- tive of this growing republic, i88i-'5, was born in Franklin County, Vermont, October 5, 1830, the eldest of a of two sons and five enters. His father, Rev. William Arthur, a Baptist ,'tnan, immigrated to this from County Antrim, in his eighteenth year, ed in 1875, in Newton- ville, near Albany, New York, after serving many years as a successful minister. Chester A. was educated at that old, conservative institution, Union Col- lege, at Schenectady, New York, where he excelled in all his studies. He graduated there, with honor, and then struck out in life for himself by teaching school for about two years in his native State. At the expiration of that time young Arthur, with $500 in his purse, went to the city of New York and entered the law office of ex-Judge E. D. Culver as a student. In due time he was admitted to the bar, when he formed a partnership with his intimate friend and old room-mate, Henry D. Gar- diner, with the intention of practicing law at some point in the West ; but after spend- ing about three months in the Westen. States, in search of an eligible place, they returned to New York City, leased a room, exhibited a sign of their business and al- most immediately enjoyed a paying patron- age. At this stage of his career Mr. Arthur's business prospects were so encouraging that he concluded to take a wife, and ac- cordingly he married the daughter of Lieu- tenant Herndon, of the United States Navy, who had been lost at sea. To the widow of the latter Congress voted a gold medal, in recognition of the Lieutenant's bravery during the occasion in which he lost his life. Mrs. Artnur died shortly before her husband's nomination to the Vice-Presi- dency, leaving two children. Mr. Arthur obtained considerable celeb- rity as an attorney in the famous Lemmon suit, which was brought to recover posses- sion of eight slaves, who had been declared free by the Superior Court of New York City. The noted Charles O'Conor, who was nominated by the " Straight Demo- crats" in 1872 for the United States Presi- dency, was retained by Jonathan G. Lem- li 4 PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. mon, of Virginia, to recover the negroes, but he lost the suit. In this case, however, Mr. Arthur was assisted by William M. Evarts, now United States Senator. Soon afterward, in 1856, a respectable colored woman was ejected from a stfeet car in New York City. Mr. Arthur sued the car company in her behalf and recovered $500 damages. Immediately afterward all the car companies in the city issued orders to their employes to admit colored persons upon their cars. Mr. Arthur's political doctrines, as well as his practice as a lawyer, raised him to prominence in the party of freedom ; and accordingly he was sent as a delegate to the first National Republican Convention. Soon afterward he was appointed Judge Advocate for the Second Brigade of the State of New York, and then Engineer-in- Chief on Governor Morgan's staff. In 1861, the first year of the war, he was made In- spector-General, and next, Quartermaster- General, in both which offices he rendered great service to the Government. After the close of Governor Morgan's term he resumed the practice of law, forming first a partnership with Mr. Ransom, and subse- quently adding Mr. Phelps to the firm. Each of these gentlemen were able lawyers. November 21, 1872, General Arthur was appointed Collector of the Port of New York by President Grant, and he. held the office until July 20, 1878. The next event of prominence in General Arthur's career was his nomination to the Vice-Presidency of the United States, under the influence of Roscoe Conkling, at the National Republican Convention held at Chicago in June, 1880, when James A. Gar- field was placed at the head of the ticket. Both the convention and the campaign that followed were noisy and exciting. The friends of Grant, constituting nearly half the convention, were exceedingly persist- ent, and were sorely disappointed over their defeat. At the head of the Demo- cratic ticket was placed a very strong and popular man ; yet Garfield and Arthur were elected by a respectable plurality of the popular vote. The 4th of March following, these gentlemen were accordingly inaugu- rated ; but within four months the assassin's bullet made a fatal wound in the person of General Garfield, whose life terminated September 19, 1881, when General Arthur, ex officio, was obliged to take the chief reins of government. Some misgivings were entertained by many in this event, as Mr. Arthur was thought to represent espe cially the Grant and Conkling wing of the Republican party ; but President Arthur had both the ability and the good sense to allay all fears, and he gave the restless, critical American people as good an ad- ministration as they had ever been blessed with. Neither selfishness nor low parti- sanism ever characterized any feature of his public service. He ever maintained a high sense of every individual right as well as of the Nation's honor. Indeed, he stood so high that his successor, President Cleve- land, though of opposing politics, expressed a wish in his inaugural address that he could only satisfy the people with as good an administration. • But the day of civil service reform had come in so far, #nd the corresponding re- action against " third-termism" had en- croached so far even upon " second-term" service, that the Republican party saw fit in 1 884 to nominate another man for Presi- dent. Only by this means was General Arthur's tenure of office closed at Wash- ington. On his retirement from the Presi- dency, March, 1885, he engaged in the practice of law at New York City, where he died November 18, 1886. ^"■-"t^— -^ r /*"*^ "v^ 4P ^^^>i ^^^i^^: ROVER CLEVE- LAND, the twenty- second President of the United States, 1885 — , was born in Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey , March 18, 1837. The house in which he was born, a small two-story wooden building, is still stand- ing. It was the parsonage of the Presbyterian church, of which his father, Richard Cleveland, at the time was pastor. The family is of New England origin, and for two centuries has contributed to the professions and to busi- ness, men who have reflected honor on the name. Aaron Cleveland, Grover Cleve- land's great-great-grandfather, was born in Massachusetts, but subsequently moved to Philadelphia, where he became an intimate friend of Benjamin Franklin, at whose house he died. He left a large family of children, who in time married and settled in different parts of New England. A grandson was one of the small American force that fought the British at Bunker Hill. He served with gallantry through- out the Revolution and was honorably discharged at its close as a Lieutenant in the Continental army. Another grandson, William Cleveland (a son of a second Aaron Cleveland, who was distinguished as a writer and member of the Connecticut Legislature) was Grover Cleveland's grand- father. William Cleveland became a silver- smith in Norwich, Connecticut. He ac- quired by industry some property and sent his son, Richard Cleveland, the father of Grover Cleveland, to Yale College', where he graduated in 1824. During a year spent in teaching at Baltimore, Maryland, after graduation, he met and fell in love with a Miss Annie Neale, daughter of a wealthy Baltimore book publisher, of Irish birth. He was earning his own way in the world at the time and was unable to marry; but in three years he . completed a course of preparation for the ministry, secured a church in Windham, Connecticut, and married Annie Neale. Subsequently he moved to Portsmouth, Virginia, where he preached for nearly two years, when he was summoned to Caldwell, New Jersey, where was born Grover Cleveland. When he was three years old the family moved to Fayetteville, Onondaga County, New York. Here Grover Cleveland lived until he was fourteen years old, the rugged, healthful life of a country boy. His frank, generous manner made him a favorite among his companions, and their respect was won by the good qualities in the germ which his manhood developed. He at- tended the district school of the village arid ''J'' ' i' PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES. was for a short time at the academy. His lather, however, believed that boys should be taught to labor at an early age, and be- fore he had completed the course of study at the aeademy he began to work in the village store at $50 for the first year, and the promise of $100 for the second year. His work was well done and the promised in- crease of pay was granted the second year. Meanwhile his father and family had moved to Clinton, the seat of Hamilton College, where his father acted as agent to the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions, preaching in the churches of the vicinity. Hither Grover came at his father's request shortly after the beginning of his second year at the Fayetteville store, and resumed his studies at the Clinton Academy. After three years spent in this town, the Rev. Richard Cleveland was called to the vil- lage church of Holland Patent. He had preached here only a month when he was suddenly stricken down and died without an hour's warning. The death of the father left the family in straitened circumstances, as Richard Cleveland had spent all his salary of $1,000 per year, which was not required for the necessary expenses of liv- ing, upon the education of his children, of whom there were nine, Grover being the fifth. Grover was hoping to enter Hamil- ton College, but the death of his father made it necessary for him to earn his own livelihood. For the first year (1853-4) ^ e acted as assistant teacher and bookkeeper in the Institution for the Blind in New York City, of which the late Augustus Schell was for many years the patron. In the winter of 1854 he returned to Holland Patent where the generous people of that place, Fayetteville and Clinton, had purchased a home for his mother, and in the following spring, borrowing $25, he set out for the West to earn his living. Reaching Buffalo he paid a hasty visit to an uncle, Lewis F. Allen, a well-known stock farmer, living at Black Rock, a few miles distant. He communicated his plans to Mr. Allen, who discouraged the idea of the West, and finally induced the enthusi- astic boy of seventeen to remain with him and help him prepare a catalogue of blooded short-horn cattle, known as " Allen's Amer- ican Herd Book," a publication familiar to all breeders of cattle. In August, 1855, he entered the law office of Rogers, Bowen & Rogers, at Buffalo, and after serving a few months without pay, was paid $4 a week — an amount barely sufficient to meet the necessary expenses of his board in the family of a fellow-student in Buffalo, with whom he took lodgings. Life at this time with Grover Cleveland was a stern battle with the world. He took his breakfast by candle-light with the drovers, and went at once to the office where the whole day was spent in work and study. Usually he re- turned again at night to resume reading which had been interrupted by the duties of the day. Gradually his employers came to recognize the ability, trustworthiness and capacity for hard work in their young employe, and by the time he was admitted to the bar (1859) he stood high in their con- fidence. A year later he was made confi- dential and managing clerk, and in the course of three years more his salary had been raised to $1,000. In 1863 he was ap- pointed assistant district attorney of Erie County by the district attorney, the Hon. C. C. Torrance. Since his first vote had been cast in 1858 he had been a staunch Democrat, and until he was chosen Governor he always made it his duty, rain or shine, to stand at the polls and give out ballots to Democratic voters. During the first year of his term as assistant district attorney, the Democrats desired especially to carry the Board of Su- pervisors. The old Second Ward in which he lived was Republican- ordinarily by 250 majority, but at the urgent request of the W« t. ^-»-" -™-M- m -"« "-»-»« llg ireiwiswii»n^-» M »„» iir party Grover Cleveland consented to be the Democratic candidate for Supervisor, and came within thirteen votes of an elec- tion. The three years spent in the district attorney's office were devoted to assiduous labor and the extension of his professional attainments. He then formed a law part- nership with the late Isaac V. Vanderpoel, ex-State Treasurer, under the firm name of Vanderpoel & Cleveland. Here the bulk of the work devolved on Cleveland's shoul- ders, and he soon won a good standing at the bar of Erie County. In 1869 Mr. Cleveland formed a partnership with ex- Senator A. P. Laning and ex-Assistant United States District Attorney Oscar Fol- som, under the firm name of Laning, Cleve- land & Folsom. During these years he began to earn a moderate professional in- come; but the larger portion of it was sent to his mother and sisters at Holland Patent to whose support he had contributed ever since i860. He served as sheriff of Erie County, i870-'4, and then resumed the practice of law, associating himself with the Hon. Lyman K. Bass and Wilson S. Bissell. The firm was strong and popular, and soon commanded a large and lucrative practice. Ill health forced the retirement of Mr. Bass in 1879, an d the firm became Cleveland & Bissell. In 1881 Mr. George J. Sicard was added to the firm. In the autumn election of 1881 he was elected mayor of Buffalo by a majority of over 3,500 — the largest majority ever given a candidate for mayor— and the Democratic city ticket was successful, although the Republicans carried Buffalo by over 1,000 majority for their State ticket. Grover Cleveland's administration as mayor fully justified the confidence reposed in him by the people of Buffalo, evidenced by the great vote he received. The Democratic State Convention met at Syracuse, September 22, 1882, and nomi- nated Grover Cleveland for Governor on the third ballot and Cleveland was elected by 192,000 majority. In the fall of 1884 he was elected President of the United States by about 1,000 popular majority, in New York State, and he was accordingly inaugurated the 4th of March following. j 1 I- 61' ■'* , £^*2>^;.^T^--AH r 'i^:~i^i?iB™«rara? ^^^^^5^^^^^^^^^^^v^^^^ HISTORY OF IOWA. itii. 3^X *^ *^^&^«^ !il!CJ"l!fJ^"^"'!'' ' *""""''' i ''' , '' m ' , i , i , 'B S! t( b 1 *^ Vl isT^si ^laWm^fni 'I m )& (ft t ■6' 2 ■ 8 1 1 (IT M s I! ( Sir' » 5 i *HT EEESBBEEEEEHHEEEEaH^ESEq •^ggaaaaaaaBaaaaaaaaBHaaaaBBafc !' U|gj| «p %b -rt t aai M I B lllai»i .t' R P >^» f i; j ™.^"a rai M *^a$K&&KMp ■-■■'■■ ^''•' •• .^ *" " ■ - ^ %fe> '■ji^f>s- 10 WA STATE HOUSE AT DES MOINES ASQRIGEN&E-. |HE race or races who occupied this beau- tiful prairie country before the advent of the whites from Eu- rope had no litera- ture, and therefore have left us no history of themselves. Not even tra- ditions, to any extent, have been handed down to us. Hence, about all we know of the Indians, previous to explorations by the whites, is derived from mounds and a few simple relics. The mounds were erected by a people generally denominated Mound Builders, but whether they were a distinct race from the Indians is an unsettled ques- tion. Prof. Alex. Winchell, of the Michigan State University, as well as a number of other investigators, is of the opinion that those who built mounds, mined copper and iron, made elaborate implements of war, agriculture and domestic economy, and built houses and substantial villages, etc., were no other than the ancestors of the present Indians, who, like the ancient Greeks and Romans, were more skilled in the arts of life than their successors during the middle ages. Most people have their periods of decline, as well as those of prog- ress. The Persians, Hindoos and Chinese, although so long in existence as distinct nations, have been forages in a state of de- cay. Spain and Italy do not improve, while Germany, Russia and the United States have now their turn in enjoying a rapid rise. Similarly, the Indians have long been on the decline in the practical arts of life. Even since the recent days of Feni- more Cooper, the " noble " red men have degenerated into savages, despite the close contact of the highest order of civilization. Nearly all modern authorities unite in the opinion that the American continent was first peopled from Eastern Asia, either by immigration across Behring's Strait or by shipwrecks of sailors from the Kamt- schatkan and Japanese coast. If mankind originated at the north pole, and subse- quently occupied an Atlantic continent, now submerged, it is possible that the American Indians are relics of polar or Atlantic races. The ancient race which built the towns and cities of Mexico and the Western United States is called the Aztec, and even of them is scarcely anything known save what can be learned from their buried structures. The few inscriptions that are found seem to be meaningless. Indian mounds are found throughout the United States east of the Rocky Mountains, but are far more abundant in some places than others. In this State they abound near the principal rivers. They vary in size from a few to hundreds of feet in diameter, and from three to fifteen or more feet in height. They are generally round, or nearly so, but in a few notable exceptions they bear a rude resemblance in their outline to,the figure of some animal. Their contents are limited, both in quantity and variety, and consist mainly of human bones, stone implements, tobacco pipes, beads, etc. The stone implements are axes, skinning knives, pestles and mortars, arrow points, etc. The human bones are often found in a mass as if a number of corpses had been buried together, and indicate that their possessors were interred in a sitting posture. Judge Samuel Murdock, of Elkader, this State, who has made this subject a special study for many years, is of the opinion that these remains are not of subjects who were inhumed as corpses, but of persons who, under the influence of a savage religion, voluntarily sacrificed themselves by under- going a burial when alive. CAUCASIAN. The first member of this race to discover the Mississippi River was Ferdinand De Soto, a Spaniard, who explored the region of the Lower Mississippi in 1541, but came no farther north than the 35th parallel. He founded no settlements, nor was he ever followed by others of his country to make settlements, and hence Spain lost her title to the country which she had earned by discovery through her subject, De Soto. At a subsequent period a Frenchman re- discovered the realm, took possession of it in the name of France, and his fellow countrymen soon followed and effected actual settlements. Accordingly, in 1682, France claimed the country, and, accord- ing to the usage of European nations, earned a proper title to the same. The re- sult was a collision between those two na- tions, success finally crowning the efforts of France. In a grand council of Indians, on the shore of Lake Superior, they told the Frenchmen glowing stories of the " Father of Waters " and of the adjacent country, and in 1669 Jacques Marquette, a zealous and shrewd Jesuit missionary, became in- spired with the idea of visiting this re- gion, in the interests of civilization. After studying the language and customs of the Illinois Indians until 1673, he made prep- arations for the journey, in which he was to be accompanied by Louis Joliet, an agent of the French Government. The Indians, who had gathered in large numbers to wit- ness his departure, endeavored to dissuade him from the undertaking, representing that the Indians of the Mississippi Valley were cruel and bloodthirsty. The great river itself, they said, was the abode of terrible monsters which could swallow men, canoes and all. But the shrewd missionary, already aware of Indian extravagance in descrip- tion, set out upon the contemplated jour- ney May 13. With the aid of two Miami guides he proceeded to the Wisconsin River, and down that stream to the Mis- sissippi. Floating down the latter he dis- covered, on the 25th of June, traces of Indians on the west bank, and landed. This was at a point a little above the mouth of the Des Moines River, and thus a Euro- pean first trod the soil of Iowa. After re- maining a short time and becoming ac- quainted with the red man as he then and there exhibited himself, he proceeded down to the mouth of the Illinois, thence up that river and by Lake Michigan to the French settlements. -■^■-■ ^^.i^»s»iig^niP"iiTBiiiy»i^^ BgHSgJH SgsgBBj -| '■^IB - !!"^ ID: ! HISTORY OF IOWA. '-5 Nine years later, in 1682, Rene Robert Cavelier La Salle descended the Missis- sippi to the Gulf of Mexico, and in the name of the King of France took formal posses- sion of all the Mississippi Valley, naming it Louisiana, in honor of his king, Louis XIV. The river itself he named Colbert, in honor of the French minister. Soon afterward the Government of France began to en- courage the establishment of a line of trad- ing posts and missionary stations through- out the West from Canada to Louisiana, and this policy was maintained with par- tial success for about seventy-five years. Christian zeal animated both France and England in missionary enterprise, the former in the interests of Catholicism and the latter in favor of Protestantism. Hence their haste to pre-occupy the land and prose- lyte the aborigines; but this ugly rivalry dis- gusted the Indians and they refused to be converted to either branch of Christianity. The traders also persisted in importing whisky, which canceled nearly every civ- ilizing influence that could be brought to bear upon t he savages. Another character- istic of Indian nature was to listen atten- tively to all that the missionary said, pre- tending to believe all he preached, and then offer in turn his theory of the world, of re- ligion, etc.; and, not being listened to with the same degree of attention and pretense of belief, would depart from the white man's presence in disgust. This was his idea of the golden rule. Comparatively few Indians were perma- nently located' within the present bounds of the State of Iowa. Favorite hunting grounds were resorted to by certain bands for a time, and afterward by others, subject to the varying fortunes of their little wars. The tribes were principally the Illinois, Iowas, Dakotas, Sioux, Pottawatomies and finally the Sacs and Foxes. In 1765 the Miami confederacy was com- posed of four tribes, whose total number of warriors was estimated at only 1,050 men. Of these about 250 were Twigh twees, or Miamis proper; 300 Weas, or Ouiate- nons; 300 Piankeshaws and 200 Shockeys; but their headquarters were along the Maumee River, in Indiana and Ohio. From 1688 to 1697 the wars in which France and England were engaged re- tarded the growth of their American colo- nies. The efforts made by France to connect Canada and the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of trading posts and colonies nat- urally excited the jealousy of England and gradually laid the foundation for a struggle at arms. The crisis came and the contest obtained the name of the French and Indian war, the French and Indians combining against the English. The war was termi- nated in 1763 by a treaty at Paris, by which France ceded to Great Britain all of North America east of the Mississippi, except the island on which New Orleans is situated. The preceding autumn France ceded to Spain all the country west of that river. In 1765 the total number of French fami- lies within the limits of the Northwest Ter- ritory did not probably exceed 600. These were in settlements about Detroit, along the river Wabash and the neighborhood of Fort Chartres on the Mississippi. The colonial policy of the British Government opposed any measures which might strengthen settlements in the interior of this country, lest they should become self- supporting and consequently independent of the mother country. Hence the settle- ment of the Northwest was still further retarded. That short-sighted policy con- sisted mainly in holding the lands in the possession of the Government, and not allowing it to be subdivided and sold to those who would become settlers. After the establishment of American indepen- dence, and especially under the administra- tion of Thomas Jefferson, both as Governor of Virginia and President of the United , '5 L States, subdivision of land and giving it to actual settlers rapidly peopled this portion of the Union, so that the Northwest Terri- tory was formed and even subdivided into other Territories and States before the year 1820. For more than 100 years after Marquette and Joliet trod the virgin soil of Iowa and admired its fertile plains, not a single settle- ment was made or attempted ; not even a trading-post was established. During this time the Illinois Indians, once a powerful tribe, gave up the entire possession of this " Beautiful Land," as Iowa was then called, to the Sacs and Foxes. In 1803, when Louisiana was purchased by the United States, the Sacs, Foxes and Iowas pos- sessed' this entire State, and the two for- mer tribes occupied also most of the State of Illinois. The four most important towns of the Sacs were along the Mississippi, two on the east side, one near the mouth of the Upper Iowa and one at the head of the Des Moines Rapids, near the present site of Montrose. Those of the Foxes were — one on the west side of the Mississippi just above Davenport, one about twelve miles from the river back of the Dubuque lead mines and one on Turkey River. The principal village of the Iowas was on the Des Moines River, in Van Buren County, where Iowaville now stands. Here the last great battle between the Sacs and Foxes and the Iowas was fought, in which Black Hawk, then a young man, commanded the attacking forces. The Sioux had the northern portion of this State and Southern Minnesota. They were a fierce and war-like nation, who often disputed possessions with their rivals in savage and bloody warfare ; but finally a boundary line was established between them by the Government of the United States, in a treaty held at Prairie du Chien in 1825. This, however, became the occa- sion of an increased number of quarrels be- tween the tribes, as each trespassed, or was thought to trespass, upon the other's side of the line. In 1830, therefore, the Govern- ment created a forty-mile neutral strip of land between them, which policy proved to be more successful in the interests of peace. Soon after the acquisition of Louisiana by our Government, the latter adopted meas- ures for the exploration of the new terri- tory, having in view the conciliation of the numerous tribes of Indians by whom it was possessed, and also the selection of proper sites for military posts and trading stations. The Army of the West, General Wilkin- son commanding, had its headquarters at St. Louis. From this post Captains Lewis and Clarke, in 1805, were detailed with a sufficient force to explore the Missouri River to its source, and Lieutenant Zebulon M. Pike to ascend to the head of the Missis- sippi. August 20 the latter arrived within the present limits of Iowa, at the foot of the Des Moines Rapids, where he met William Ewing, who had just been appointed Indian Agent at this point, a French interpreter, four chiefs and fifteen Sac and Fox war- riors. At the head of the rapids, where Montrose now is, Pike held a council with the Indians, merely for the purpose of stat- ing to them that the President of the United States wished to inquire into the needs of the red man, with a view of suggesting remedies. On the 23d he reached what is supposed from his description to be the site of Bur- lington, which place he designated for a post; but the station, probably by some mistake, was afterward placed at Fort Madi- son. After accidentally separating from his men and losing his way, suffering at one time for six days for want of food, and after many other mishaps Lieutenant Pike over- took the remainder of the party at the point now occupied by Dubuque, who had gone on up the river hoping to overtake him. At that point Pike was cordially received by ■■"■Sb! ■■■■■■■a 1 g ^gaBBggMggggag gga HISTORY OF IOWA. Julien Dubuque, a Frenchman who held a mining claim under a grant from Spain, but was not disposed to publish the wealth of his possessions. Having an old field-piece with him, however, he fired a salute in honor of the first visit of an agent from the United States to that part of the country, and Pike pursued his way up the river. At what was afterward Fort Snelling, Minnesota, Lieutenant Pike held a council with the Sioux September 23, and obtained from them a grant of 100,000 acres of land. January 8 following (1806) he arrived at a trading post on Lake De Sable, belonging to the Northwestern Fur Company, whose field of operations at that time included this State. Pike returned to St. Louis the fol- lowing spring, after making a successful expedition. Before this country could be opened for settlement by the whites, it was necessary that Indian title should be extinguished and the aboriginal owners removed. When the Government assumed control of the country by virtue of the Louisiana purchase, nearly the whole State was in possession of the Sacs and Foxes, at whose head stood the rising Black Hawk. November 3, 1804, a treaty was concluded with these tribes by which they ceded to the United States the Illinois side of the great river, in consider- ation of $2,234 worth of goods then de- livered, and an annuity of $1,000 to be paid in goods at cost ; but Black Hawk always maintained that the chiefs who entered into that compact acted without authority, and that therefore the treaty was not binding. The first fort erected on Iowa soil was at Fort Madison. A short time previously a military post was fixed at what is now Warsaw, Illinois, and named Fort Edwards. These enterprises caused mistrust among the Indians. Indeed, Fort Madison was located in violation of the treaty of 1804. The Indians sent delegations to the whites at these forts to learn what they were do- ing, and what they intended. On being "informed" that those structures were merely trading-posts, they were incredu- lous and became more and more suspicious. Black Hawk therefore led a party to the vicinity of Fort Madison and attempted its destruction, but a premature attack by him caused his failure. In 1 812, when war was declared between this country and Great Britain, Black Hawk and his band allied themselves to the British, partly because they were dazzled by their specious promises, but mostly, perhaps, be- cause they had been deceived by the Amer- icans. Black Hawk said plainly that the latter fact was the cause. A portion of the Sacs and Foxes, however, headed by Keo- kuk ("watchful fox"), could not be per- suaded into hostilities against the United States, being disposed to abide by the treaty of 1804. The Indians were there- fore divided into the " war " and the " peace " parties. Black Hawk says he was informed, after he had gone to the war, that his people, left on the west side of the river, would be defenseless against the United States forces in case they were at- tacked ; and, having all the old men, the women and the children on their hands to provide for, a council was held, and it was determined to have the latter go to St. Louis and place themselves under the " American" chief stationed there. Ac- cordingly they went down, and were re- ceived as the " friendly band " of Sacs and Foxes, and were provided for and sent up the Missouri River. On Black Hawk's return from the British army, he says that Keokuk was introduced to him as the war chief of the braves then in the village. On inquiry as to how he became chief, there were given him the particulars of his having killed a Sioux in battle, which fact placed him among the warriors, and of his having headed an ex- pedition in defense of their village at Peoria. : * T " jfg^^^ " - " -«- « J « M M"*" wy ra w,^^ In person Keokuk was tall and of portly bearing, and in speech he was an orator. He did not master the English language, however, and his interpreters were never able to do him justice. He was a friend of our Government, and always endeavored to persuade the Indians that it was useless to attack a nation so powerful as that of the United States. . The treaty of 1804 was renewed in 1816, which Black Hawk himself signed ; but he afterward held that he was deceived, and that that treaty was not even yet binding. But there was no further serious trouble with the Indians until the noted " Black Hawk war" of 1832, all of which took place in Illinois and Wisconsin, with the expected result — the defeat and capture of the great chief, and the final, effectual and permanent repulsion of all hostile Indians to the west of the great Mississippi. Black Hawk died October 3, 1838, at his home in this State, and was buried there ; but his remains were afterward placed in the museum of the His- torical Society, where they were accident- ally destroyed by fire. More or less affecting the territory now included within the State of Iowa, fifteen treaties with the Indians have been made, an outline of which is here given. In 1804, when the whites agreed not to settle west of the Mississippi on Indian lands. In 1815, with the Sioux, ratifying peace with Great Britain and the United States ; with the Sacs, a treaty of a similar nature, and also ratifying that of 1804, the Indians agreeing not to join their brethren who, under Black Hawk, had aided the British ; with the Foxes, ratifying the treaty of 1804, the In- dians agreeing to deliver up all their prisoners ; and with the Iowas, a treaty of friendship. In 1816, with the Sacs of Rock River, ratifying the treaty of 1804. In 1824, with the Sacs and Foxes, the latter relin- quishing all their lands in Missouri ; and that portion of the southeast corner of Iowa known as the " half-breed tract " was set off to the half-breeds. In 1825, placing a boundary line between the Sacs and Foxes on the south and the Sioux on the north. In 1830, when that line was widened to forty miles. Also, in the same year, with several tribes, who ceded a large portion of their possessions in the western part of the State. In 1832, with the Winnebagoes, ex- changing lands with them and providing a school, farm, etc., for them. Also, in the same year, the " Black Hawk purchase " was made, of about 6,000,000 acres, along the west side of the Mississippi from the southern line of the State to the mouth of the Iowa River. In 1836, with the Sacs and Foxes, ceding Keokuk's reserve to the United States. In 1837, with the same, when another slice of territory, comprising 1,250,000 acres, joining west of the forego- ing tract, was obtained. Also, in the same year, when these Indians gave up all their lands allowed them under former treaties ; and finally, in 1842, when they relinquished their title to all their lands west of the Mississippi. Before the whole of Iowa fell into the hands of the United States Government sundry white settlers had, under the Spanish and French Governments, obtained and oc- cupied several important claims within our boundaries, which it may be well to notice in brief. September 22, 1788, Julien Du- buque, before mentioned, obtained a lease of lands from the Fox Indians, at the point now occupied by the city named after him. This tract contained valuable lead ore, and Dubuque followed mining. His claims, however, as well as those to whom he after- ward conveyed title, were litigated for many years, with the final result of dis- appointing the purchasers. In 1799 Louis Honori obtained a tract of land about three miles square where Montrose is now sit- uated, and his title, standing through all the treaties and being finally confirmed by Bi.HaiHnlSctJ. B .a.BBB.Hai i Mt. lK gagyjBSJ «ng»g it! gigMg5gg lH Hisronr OF IOWA. 129 the Supreme Court of the United States, is the oldest legal title held by a white man in the State of Iowa. A tract of 5,860 acres in Clayton County was granted by the Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Louisiana in 1795 to Basil Girard, whose title was made valid some time after the preceding case was settled. Other early settlers were : Mr. Johnson, an agent of the American Fur Company, who had a trading-post below Burlington. Le Moliere, a French trader, had, in 1820, a station at what is now Sandusky, in Lee County, six miles above Keokuk. During the same year Dr. Samuel C. Muir, a sur- geon of the United States army, built a cabin where the city of Keokuk now stands. His marriage and subsequent life were so romantic that we give the following brief sketch : While stationed at a military post on the Upper Mississippi, the post was visited by a beautiful Indian maiden — whose native name unfortunately has not been preserved — who, in her dreams, had seen a white brave unmoor his canoe, paddle it across the river and come directly to her lodge. She felt assured, according to the super- stitious belief of her race, that in her dreams she had seen her future husband, and had come to the fort to find him. Meeting Dr. Muir she instantly recognized him as the hero of her dream, which, with childlike innocence and simplicity, she related to him. Her dream was, indeed, prophetic. Charmed with Sophia's beauty, innocence and devotion, the Doctor honorably mar- ried her, but after a while the sneers and gibes of his brother officers — less honorable than he, perhaps — made him feel ashamed of his dark-skinned wife, and when his regi- ment was ordered down the river to Belle- fontaine, it is said that he embraced the opportunity to rid himself of her, and left her, never expecting to see her again, and little dreaming that she would have the courage to follow him. Rut, with her in- fant child, this intrepid wife and mother started alone in her canoe, and after many days of weary labor and a lonely journey of 900 miles, she at last reached him. She afterward remarked, when speaking of this toilsome journey down the river in search of her husband, " When I got there I was all perished away — so thin !" The Doctor, touched by such unexampled devotion, took her to his heart, and ever after until his death treated her with marked respect. She always presided at his table with grace and dignity, but never abandoned her na- tive style of dress. In i8i9-'20 he was stationed at Fort Edward, now Warsaw, but the senseless ridicule of some of his brother officers on account of his Indian wife induced him to resign his commission. He then built a cabin as above stated, where Keokuk is now situated, and made a claim to some land. This claim he leased to Otis Reynolds and John Culver, of St. Louis, and went to La Pointe (afterward Galena), where he practiced his profession for ten years, when he returned to Keokuk. His Indian wife bore to him four children — Louise, James, Mary and Sophia. Dr. Muir died suddenly of cholera in 1832, but left his property in such a condition that it was soon wasted in vexatious litigation, and his brave and faithful wife, left friendless and penniless, became discouraged, and, with her two younger children, disap- peared. It is said she returned to her peo- ple on the Upper Missouri. The gentleman who had leased Dr. Muir's claim at Keokuk subsequently em- ployed as their agent Moses Stillwell, who arrived with his family in 1828, and took possession. His brothers-in-law, Amos and Valencourt Van Ansdal, came with him and settled near. Mr. Stillwell's daughter Margaret (afterward Mrs. Ford) was born in 1 83 1, at the foot of the rapids, called by the Indians Puckashetuck. She was prob- ^■■■igiaig!B B^»ii^nTOr»ir ^"■t-w 13° HISTORY OF IOWA. 1* . i s5 ably the first white American child born in Iowa. In 1829 Dr. Isaac Gallaud made a settle- ment on the Lower Rapids, at what is now Nashville. The same year James S. Lang- worthy, who had been engaged in lead- mining at Galena since 1824, commenced lead-mining in the vicinity of Dubuque. A few others afterward came to that point as miners, and they soon found it necessary to hold a council and adopt some regulations for their government and protection. They met in 1830 on the bank of the river, by the side 1 of an old cotton wood drift log, at what is now the Jones Street Levee in Dubuque, and elected a committee, consisting of J. L. Langvvorthy, H. F. Lander, James Mc- Phetres, Samuel Scales and E. M. Wren, who drafted a set of rules, which were adopted by this, the first "Legislature" of Iowa. They elected Dr. Jarote as their officer to choose arbitrators for the settle- ment of difficulties that might arise. These settlers, however, were intruders upon In- dian territory, and were driven off in 1832 by our Government, Colonel Zachary Tay- lor commanding the troops. The Indians returned and were encouraged to operate the rich mines opened by the late white occupants. But in June of the same year the troops were ordered to the east side of the Missis- sippi to assist in the annihilation of the very Indians whose rights they had been protecting on the west side ! Immediately after the close of the Black Hawk war and the negotiations of the treaty in September, 1832, by which the Sacs and Foxes ceded the tract known as the " Black Hawk Purchase," the settlers, supposing that now they had a right to re-enter the territory, returned and took possession of their claims, built cabins, erected furnaces and prepared large quantities of lead for market. But the prospects of the hardy and enterprising settlers and miners were again ruthlessly interfered with by the Government, on the ground that the treaty with the Indians would not go into force until June 1, 1833, although they had with- drawn from the vicinity of the settlement. Colonel Taylor was again ordered by the War Department to remove the miners, and in January, 1833, troops were again sent from Prairie du Chien to Dubuque for that purpose. This was a serious and per- haps unnecessary hardship imposed upon the miners. They were compelled to aban- don their cabins and homes in mid-winter. This, too, was only out of respect for forms ; for the purchase had been made, and the Indians had retired. After the lapse of fifty years, no very satisfactory reason for this rigorous action of the Government can be given. But the orders had been given, and there was no alternative but to obey. Many of the settlers re-crossed the river, and did not return; a few, however, re- moved to an island near the east bank of the river, built rude cabins of poles, in which to store their lead until spring, when they could float the fruits of their labor to St. Louis for sale, and where they could re- main until the treaty went into force, when they could return. Among these were the Langworthy brothers, who had on hand about 300,000 pounds of lead. No sooner had the miners left than Lieu- tenant Covington, who had been placed in command at Dubuque by Colonel Taylor, ordered some of the cabins of the settlers to be torn down, and wagons and other prop- erty to be destroyed. This wanton and inexcusable action on the part of a subordi- nate, clothed with a little brief authority, was sternly rebuked by Colonel Taylor, and Covington was superseded by Lieutenant George Wilson, who pursued a just and friendly course with the pioneers, that were only waiting for the time when they could repossess their claims. The treaty went formally into effect June, HISTORY OF IOWA. 131 1833, the troops were withdrawn, and the Langworthy brothers and a few others at once returned and resumed possession of their homes and claims. From this time must date the first permanent settlement of this portion of Iowa. John P. Sheldon was appointed superintendent of the mines by the Government, and a system of permits to miners and licenses to smelters was adopted, similar to that which had been in Operation at Galena since 1825, under Lieutenant Martin Thomas and Captain Thomas C. Legate. Substantially the primi- tive law enacted by the miners assembled around that old cottonwood drift log in 1830, was adopted and enforced by the United States Government, except tha"t miners were required to sell their mineral to licensed smelters, and the smelter was required to give bonds for the payment of 6 per cent, of all lead manufactured to_the Government About 500 people arrived in the mining district in 1833, after the Indian title was fully extinguished, of whom 150 were from Galena. In the same year Mr. Langworthy assisted in building the first school- house in Iowa, and thus was formed the nucleus of the populous and thriving city of Dubuque. Mr. Langworthy lived to see the naked prairie on which he first settled become the site of a city of 15,000 inhabitants, the small school-house which he aided in construct- ing replaced by three substantial edifices, wherein 2,000 children were being trained, churches erected in every part of the city, and railroads connecting the wilderness which he first explored with all the eastern world. He died suddenly on the 13th of March, 1865, while on a trip over the Du- buque & Southern Railroad, at Monticello, and the evening train brought the news of his death and his remains. • Lucius H. Langworthy, his brother, was one of the most worthy, gifted and influ- ential of the old settlers of this section of 11 Iowa. He died greatly lamented by many friends, in June, 1865. The name Dubuque was given to the settlement by the miners, at a meeting held in 1834. Soon after the close of the Black Hawk war in 1832, Zachariah Hawkins, Benjamin Jennings, Aaron White, Augustine Horton, Samuel Gooch, Daniel Thompson and Peter Williams made claims at Fort Madison. In 1833 General John H. Knapp and Colonel Nathaniel Knapp purchased these claims, and in the summer of 1835 they laid out the town of " Fort Madison." Lots were ex- posed for sale early in 1836. The town was subsequently re-surveyed and platted by the United States Government. The popu- lation rapidly increased, and in less than two years the beautiful location was cov- ered by a flourishing town, containing nearly 600 inhabitants, with a large pro- portion of enterprising merchants, median- ics and manufacturers. In the fall of 1832 Simpson S. White erected a cabin on the site of Burlington, seventy-nine miles below Rock Island. During the war parties had looked long- ingly upon the " Flint Hills" from the op- posite side of the river, and White was soon followed by others. David Tothers made a claim on the prairie about three miles back from the river, at a place since known as the farm of Judge Morgan. The following winter the settlers were driven off by the military from Rock Island, as intruders upon the rights of the Indians. White's cabin was burned by the soldiers. He returned to Illinois, where he remained during the winter, and in the following summer, as soon as the Indian title was ex, tinguished, returned and rebuilt his cabin. White was joined by his brother-in-law, Doolittle, and they laid out the town of Burlington in 1834, on a beautiful area of sloping eminences and gentle declivities, enclosed within a natural amphitheater formed by the surrounding hills, which were crowned with luxuriant forests and presented the most picturesque scenery. The same autumn witnessed the opening of the first dry-goods stores by Dr. W. R. Ross and Major Jeremiah Smith, each well sup- plied with Western merchandise. Such was the beginning of Burlington, which in less than four years became the seat, of government for the Territory of Wisconsin, and in three years more contained a popu- lation of 1,400 persons. Immediately after the treaty with the Sacs and Foxes, in September, 1832, Colonel George Davenport made the first claim on the site of the present thriving city of Davenport. As early as 1827, Colonel Davenport had established a flat-boat ferry, which ran between the island and the main shore of Iowa, by which he carried on a trade with the Indians west of the Missis- sippi. In 1833 Captain Benjamin W. Clark moved from Illinois, and laid the founda- tion of the town of Buffalo, in Scott County, which was the first actual settlement within the limits of that county. The first settlers of Davenport were An- toine Le Claire, Colonel George Davenport, Major Thomas Smith, Major William Gor- don, Philip Hambough, Alexander W. Mc- Gregor, Levi S. Colton, Captain James May and others. A settlement was made in Clayton County in the spring of 1832, on Turkey River, by Robert Hatfield and William W. Wayman. No further settlement was made in this part of the State until 1836. The first settlers of Muscatine County were Benjamin Nye, John Vanater and G. W. Kasey, all of whom came in 1834. E. E. Fay, William St, John. N. Fullington, H. Reece, Jonas Pettibone, R. P. Lowe, Stephen Whicher, Abijah Whitney, J. E. Fletcher, W. D. Abernethy and Alexis Smith were also early settlers of Musca- tine. !*-■■■* ig.maa"in"« » ..''.i' ' c 3;SB al W a ^M' | j^CT fifl|'g^«a"ll«g As early as 1824 a French trader named Hart had established a trading-post, and built a cabin on the bluffs above the large spring now known as " Mynster Spring," within the limits of , the present city of Council Bluffs, and had probably been there some time, as the post was known to the employes of the American Fur Company as " La Cote de Hart," or " Hart's Bluff." In 1827 an agent of the American Fur Company, Francis Guittar, with others, encamped in the timber at the foot of the bluffs, about on the present location of Broadway, and afterward settled there. In 1839 a block house was built on the bluff in the east part of the city. The Pottawat- omie Indians occupied this part of the State until 1 846-7, when they relinquished the territory and removed to Kansas. Billy Caldwell was then principal chief. There were no white settlers in that part of the State except Indian traders, until the arri- val of the Mormons under the lead of Brig- ham Young. These people on their way westward halted for the winter of i846-'7, on the west bank of the Missouri River, about five miles above Omaha, at a place now called Florence. Some of them had reached the eastern bank of the river the spring before in season to plant a crop. In the spring of 1847 Brigham Young and a portion of the colony pursued their journey to Salt Lake, but a large portion of them returned to the Iowa side and settled mainly within the present limits of Pottawatomie County. The principal settlement of this strange community was at a place first called " Miller's Hollow," on Indian Creek, and afterward named Kanesville, in honor of Colonel Thomas L. Kane, of Pennsyl- vania, who visited them soon afterward. The Mormon settlement extended over the county and into neighboring counties,' wherever timber and water furnished de- sirable locations. Orson Hyde, priest, law- yer and editor, was installed as president 1* (I I I! of the Quorum of Twelve, and all that part of the State remained under Mormon con- trol for several years. In 1847 they raised a battalion numbering 500 men for the Mexican war. In 1848 Hyde started a paper called the Frontier Guardian, at Kanesville. In 1849, a fter many of the faithful had left to join Brigham Young at Salt Lake, the Mormons in this section of Iowa numbered 6,552, and in 1850, 7,828; but they were not all within the limits of Pottawatomie County. This county was organized in 1848, all the first officials be- ing Mormons. In 1852 the order was pro- mulgated that all the true believers should gather together at Salt Lake. Gentiles flocked in, and in a few years nearly all the first settlers were gone. May 9, 1843, Captain James Allen, with a small detachment of troops on board the steamer lone, arrived at the site of the present capital of the State, Des Moines. This was the first steamer to ascend the Des Moines River to this point. The troops and stores were landed at what is now the foot of Court avenue, and the Captain re- turned in the steamer to Fort Sanford to arrange for bringing up more soldiers and supplies. In due time they too arrived, and a fort was built near the mouth of Rac- coon Fork, at its confluence with the Des Moines, and named "Fort Des Moines." Soon after the arrival of the troops, a trad- ing-post was established on the east side of the river by two noted Indian traders named Ewing, from Ohio. Among the first settlers in this part of Iowa were Ben- jamin Bryant, J. B. Scott, James Drake (gunsmith), John Sturtevant, Robert Kin- zie, Alexander Turner, Peter Newcomer and others. PIONEER LIFE. Most of the early settlers of Iowa came from older States, as Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio, where their prospects for even a competency were very poor. They found those States good — to emigrate from. Their entire stock of furniture, implements and family necessities were easily stored in one wagon, and sometimes a cart was their only vehicle. After arriving and selecting a suitable location, the next thing to do was to build a log cabin, a description of which may be interesting to many of our younger readers, as in some sections these old-time struct- ures are no more to be seen. Trees of uniform size were chosen and cut into logs of the desired length, generally twelve to fifteen feet, and hauled to the spot selected for the future dwelling. On an appointed day the few neighbors who were available would assemble and have a " house-raising." Each end of every log was saddled and notched so that they would lie as close down as possible; the next day the proprietor, would proceed to " chink " and " daub " the cabin, to keep out the rain, wind and cold. The house had to be re-daubed ev- ery fall, as the rains of the intervening time would wash out a great part of the mortar. The usual height of the house was seven or eight feet. The gables were formed by shortening the logs gradually at each end of the building near the top. The roof was made by laying very straight small logs or stout poles suitable distances apart, and on these were laid the clapboards, somewhat like shingling, generally about two and a half feet to the weather. These clapboards were fastened to their place by " weight- poles" corresponding in place with the joists just described, and these again were held in their place by " runs " or " knees " which were chunks of wood about eighteen or twenty inches long fitted between them near the ends. Clapboards were made from the nicest oaks in the vicinity, by chopping or sawing them into four-foot blocks and riving these with a frow, which was a simple blade fixed at right angles to \ i 7""E ^g!^-g!5 ^^ "^!^*s r^^*^*^ 5 !5^ M - ™"™' ■■■H»»"ii"a« iB»ai»« »«''»»»"« J «'«« 1 134 UTS TORT OF IOWA. its handles. This was driven into the blocks of wood by a mallet. As the frow was wrenched down through the wood, the latter was turned alternately over from side to side, one end being held by a forked piece of timber. The chimney to the Western pioneer's cabin was made by leaving in the original building a large open place in one wall, or by cutting one after the structure was up, and by building on the outside, from the ground up, a stone column, or a column of sticks and mud, the sticks being laid up cob house fashion. The fire-place thus made was often large enough to receive fire-wood six to eight feet long. Sometimes this wood, especially the " back-log," would be nearly as large as a saw-log. The more rapidly the pioneer could burn up the wood in his vicinity the sooner he had his little farm cleared and ready for cultivation. For a window, a piece about two feet long was cut out of one of the wall logs, and the hole closed, sometimes by glass but gener- ally with greased paper. Even greased deer- hide was sometimes used. A doorway was cut through one of the Vails if a saw was to be had; otherwise the door would be left by shortened logs in the original building. The door was made by pinning clapboards to two or three wood bars, and was hung upon wooden hinges. A wooden latch, with catch, then finished the door, and the latch was raised by any one on the outside by pulling a leather string. For security at night this latch-string was drawn in, but for friends and neighbors, and even stran- gers, the " latch-string was always hanging out," as a welcome. In the interior over the fire-place would be a shelf called " the mantel," on which stood a candlestick or lamp, some cooking and table ware, possi- bly an old clock, and other articles; in the fire-place would be the crane, sometimes of iron, sometimes of wood; on it the pots were hung for cooking; over the door, in forked cleats, hung the ever-trustful rifle and pow- der-horn; in one corner stood the larger bed for the " old folks," and under it the trundle-bed for the children; in another stood the old-fashioned spinning-wheel, with a smaller one by its side; in another the heavy table, the only table, of course, there was in the house; in the remaining was a rude cupboard holding the tableware, which consisted of a few cups and saucers, and blue-edged plates, standing singly on their edges against the back, to make the display of table-furniture more conspicu- ous; while around the room were scattered a few splint-bottom or Windsor chairs, and two or three stools. These simple cabins were inhabited by a kind and true-hearted people. They were strangers to mock modesty, and the traveler seeking lodging for the night, or desirous of spending a few days in the community, if willing to accept the rude offering, was always welcome, although how they were disposed of at night the reader might not easily imagine; for, as described, a single room was made to answer for kitchen, dining-room, sitting-room, bed-room and parlor, and many families consisted of six or eight members. The bed was very often made by fixing a post in the floor about six feet from one wall and four feet from the adjoining wall, and fastening a stick to this post about two feet above the floor, on each of two sides, so that the other end of each of the two sticks could be fastened in the oppo- site wall; clapboards were laid across these, and thus the bed was made complete. Guests were given this bed, while the fam- ily disposed of themselves in another cor- ner of the room or in the loft. When several guests were on hand at once they were sometimes kept over night in the fol- lowing manner: When bedtime came the men were requested to step out of doors while the women spread out a broad bed .■„■:. u ^ a m m m m m 9 m u m mi^ m ml m^w m m m M i m m m M m m m it m .m a ,m m u m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m a u a m mi m m u u ^ HISTORT OF IOWA. 135 upon the mid floor, and put themselves to bed in the center; the signal was given, and the men came in and each husband took his place in bed next his own wife, and single men outside beyond them again. They were generally so crowded that they had to lie " spoon " fashion, and whenever anyone wished to turn over he would say " spoon," and the whole company of sleep- ers would turn over at once. This was the only way they could all keep in bed. To witness the various processes of cook- ing in those days would alike surprise and amuse those who have grown up since cooking stoves and ranges came into use. Kettles were hung over the large fire, sus- pended with .pot-hooks, iron or wooden, on the crane, or on poles, one end of which would rest upon a chain. The long-hand- led frying pan was used for cooking meat. It was either held over the blaze by hand or set down upon coals drawn out upon the hearth. This pan was also used for baking pancakes, also call flapjacks, batter- cakes, etc. A better article for this, how- ever, was the cast-iron spider, or Dutch skillet. The best thing for baking bread in those days, and possibly even in these latter days, was the flat-bottomed bake kettle, of greater depth, with closely fitting cast-iron cover, and commonly known as the Dutch oven. With coals over and under it, bread and biscuits would be quickly and nicely baked. Turkey and spare-ribs were sometimes roasted before the fire, sus- pended by a string, a dish being placed underneath to catch the drippings. Hominy and samp were very much used. The hominy, however, was generally hulled corn — boiled corn from which the hull or bran had been taken by hot lye, hence sometimes called lye hominy. True hom- iny and samp were made of pounded corn. A popular method of making this, as well as real meal for bread, was to cut out or burn a large hole in the top of a huge stump, in the shape of a mortar, and pound- ing the corn in this by a maul or beetle suspended by a swing pole like a well- sweep. This and the wellsweep consisted of a pole twenty to thirty feet long fixed in an upright fork so that it could be. worked " teeter " fashion. It was a rapid and sim- ple way of drawing water. When the samp was sufficiently pounded it was taken out, the bran floated off, and the delicious grain boiled like rice. The chief articles of diet in an early day were corn bread, hominy or samp, venison, pork, honey, pumpkin (dried pumpkin for more than half the year), turkey, prairie chicken, squirrel and some other game, with a few additional vegetables a portion of the year. Wheat bread, tea, coffee and fruit were luxuries not to be indulged in except on special occasions, as when visit- ors were present. Besides cooking in the manner described, the women had many other arduous duties to perform, one of the chief of which was spinning. The big wheel was used for spinning yarn and the little wheel for spin- ning flax. These stringed instruments fur- nished the principal music for the family, and were operated by our mothers and grandmothers with great skill, attained without pecuniary expense, and with far less practice than is necessary for the girls of our period to acquire a skillful use of their costly and elegant instruments. But those wheels, indispensable a few years ago, are all now superseded by the mighty fac- tories which overspread the country, fur- nishing cloth of all kinds at an expense ten times less than would be incurred now by the old system. The traveler always found a welcome at the pioneer's cabin. It was never full. Although there might be already a guest for every puncheon, there was still " room for one more," and a wider circle would be made for the new-comer at the big fire. If pansorcnn !,■, ■ ,!■,» ; SSSfllS , M»«"«"g»5P» H »^r« ^ «» B r» m 1 ^i»Bi»a HIS TOR r OF IOWA. the stranger was in search of land, he was doubly welcome, and his host would vol- unteer to show him all the " first rate claims in this neck of the woods," going with him for days, showing the corners and advan- tages of -every " Congress tract " within a dozen miles of his own cabin. To his neighbors the pioneer was equally liberal. If a deer was killed, the choicest bits were sent to his nearest neighbor, a half-dozen miles away perhaps. When a pig was butchered, the same custom pre- vailed. If a new-comer came in too late for " cropping," the neighbors would sup- ply his table with just the same luxuries they themselves enjoyed, and in as liberal quantity, until a crop could be raised. When a new-comer had located his claim, the neighbors for miles around would assemble at the site of the proposed cabin and aid himin " gittin " it up. One party with axes would cut down the trees and hew the logs; another with teams would haul the logs to the ground; another party would " raise " the cabin; while several of the old men would rive . the clap-boards for the roof. By night the little forest domicile would be up and ready for a " house-warming," which was the dedica- tory occupation of the house, when music and dancing and festivity would be enjoyed at full height. The next day the new-comer would be as well situated as his neighbors. An instance of primitive hospitable man- ners will be in place here. A traveling Methodist preacher arrived in a distant neighborhood to fill an appointment. The house where services were to be held did not belong to a church member, but no matter for that. Boards were collected from all quarters with which to make temporary seats, one of the neighbors volunteering to lead off in the work, while the man of the house, with the faithful rifle on his shoulder, sallied forth in quest of meat, for this truly was a "ground hog" case, the preacher coming and no meat in the house. The host ceased not to chase until he found the meat, in the shape of a deer; returning he sent a boy out after it, with directions on what " pint " to find it. After services, which had been listened to with rapt atten- tion by all the audience, mine host said to his wife, " Old woman, I reckon this 'ere preacher is pretty hungry and 3 7 ou must git him a bite to eat." " What shall I get him?" asked the wife, who had not seen the deer, " thar's nuthen in the house to eat." " Why, look thar," returned he, " thar's a deer, and thar's plenty of corn in the field; you git some .corn and grate it while I skin the deer, and we'll have a good supper for him." It is needless to add that venison and corn bread made a sup- per fit for any pioneer preacher, and was thankfully eaten. Fires set out by Indians or settlers some- times purposely and sometimes permitted through carelessness, would visit the prai- rie every autumn, and sometimes the for- ests, either in autumn or spring, and settlers could not always succeed in defending themselves against the destroying element. Many interesting incidents are related. Often a fire was started to bewilder game, or to bare a piece of ground for the early grazing of stock the ensuing spring, and it would get away under a wind and soon be beyond control. Violent winds would often arise and drive the flames with such rapidity that riders on the fleetest steeds could scarcely escape. On the approach of a prairie fire the farmer would immedi- ately set about " cutting off supplies " for the devouring enemy by a " back fire." Thus by starting a small fire near the bare ground about his premises, and keeping it under control next his property, he would burn off a strip around him and prevent the attack of the on-coming flames. A few furrows or a ditch around the farm were in some degrees a protection. . !»,.■..«.,«.. Ul .. IB , «, IB..».«i-«.?™JgJI HISTORT OF IOWA. An original prairie of tall and exuberant grass on fire, especially at night, was a mag- nificent spectacle, enjoyed only by the pioneer. Here is an instance where the frontiersman, proverbially deprived of the sights and pleasures of an old community, is privileged far beyond the people of the present day in this country. One could scarcely tire of beholding the scene, as its awe-inspiring features seemed constantly to increase, and the whole panorama unceas- ingly changed like the dissolving views of a magic lantern, or like the aurora borealis. Language cannot convey, words cannot express, the faintest idea of the splendor and grandeur of such a conflagration at night. It was as if the pale queen of night, disdaining to take her accustomed place in the heavens, had dispatched myriads upon myriads of messengers to light their torches at the altar of the setting sun until all had flashed into one long and continuous blaze. One instance has been described as follows: " Soon the fires began to kindle wider and rise higher from the long grass; the gentle breeze increased to stronger currents, and soon formed the small, flickering blaze into fierce torrent flames, which curled up and leaped along in resistless splendor; and like quickly raising the dark curtain from the luminous stage, the scenes before me were suddenly changed, as if by a magi- cian's wand, into one boundless amphithea- ter, blazing from earth to heaven and sweeping the horizon round, — columns of lurid flames sportively mounting up to the zenith, and dark clouds of crimson smoke curling away and aloft till they nearly ob- scured stars and moon, while the rushing, crashing sounds, like roaring cataracts, mingled with distant thunders, were almost deafening; danger, death, glared all around; it screamed for victims; yet, notwithstand- ing the imminent peril of prairie fires, one is loth, irresolute, almost unable to with- draw or seek refuge. LOUISIANA TERRITORY. As before mentioned, although De Soto, a Spaniard, first took possession of the Mis- sissippi Valley for his Government, Spain did not establish her title to it by following up the proclamation with immediate settle- ments, and the country fell into the hands of France, by whose agent it was named " Louisiana." By the treaty of Utrecht, France ceded to England her possessions in Hudson's Bay, Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, but retained Canada and Louisiana. In 171 1 this province was placed in the hands of a governor-general, with headquarters at Mobile, for the purpose of applying a new policy for the settlement and development of the country. The very next year ano- ther change was made, placing all this ter- ritory in the hands of Anthony Crozat, a wealthy merchant of Paris, but this scheme also failed, as Spain continued to obstruct the efforts of any Frenchman to establish trade, by closing the ports against him. In l 7 ! 7 John Law appeared on the scene with his famous "Mississippi Company," as the Louisiana branch of the Bank of France ; and as his roseate scheme promised to do much in raising crippled France upon a surer footing, extended powers and privi- leges were granted him. He was to be practically a viceroy, and the life of his charter was fixed at twenty-five years. But in 1720, when the " Mississippi bubble " was at the height ot its splendor, it suddenly collapsed, leaving the mother country in a far worse condition than before. Heretofore Louisiana had been a sub- ordinate dependenc'e, under the jurisdiction of the Governor-General of Canada. Early in 1723 the province of Louisiana was erected into an independent Government, and it was divided into nine districts, for civil and military purposes. Characteristic of human nature, the peo- ple were mce excited with prospects of m m m mSit USSSSmSSSBSmSSSSSmMSSMMSSmSaSS ■38 HISTORY OF IOWA. n; m finding enormous wealth ready at hand, if they should continue to scour the country, which they did in places as far west as the Rocky Mountains, to the neglect of their agricultural and domestic interests. A habit of roaming became fixed. At the same time their exposed condition was a constant temptation to Indian rapine, and the Nat- chez tribe in 1723 made a general assault upon the whites. At first they were re- pulsed, but about five years afterward, aided by the Chickasaws and others, they fell upon the French village of St. Catha- rine and massacred the whole male popu- lation. Two soldiers, who happened to be in the woods, alone escaped to New Or- leans, to bear the news. The colonies on the Yazoo and the Washita suffered the same fate. Maddened by these outrages, the whites turned upon the Natchez and in the course of three years exterminated them. They were probably the most in- telligent tribe of Indians north of Mexico. During the fifteen years from 1717 to 1732 the province increased in population from 700 to 5,000, and in prosperity to a wonderful degree. It remained under royal governors until 1764, the end of the French dominion. Most of this time the Indians were troublesome, and in 1754 began the long "French and Indian war" with Eng- land, which resulted in favor of the latter, that Government obtaining all of New France, Canada, and the eastern half of Louisiana. This province did not suffer by being the scene of battle, but did suffer a great deal from a flood of irredeemable paper money. In the meantime the western portion, or residue, of this province was secretly promised to Spain ; but before either of the foreign powers had opportu- nity to rejoice long in their western posses- sions, a new power on earth, the United States, took independent possession of all the country except Louisiana and Florida, which it has maintained ever since. During the seventy years of French control the province of Louisiana increased in popula- tion from a few destitute fishermen to a flourishing colony of 13,540. St. Louis, Missouri, was started in 1764. Don O'Reilly, the new Governor of Loui- siana in 1764, ruled with a despotic hand, yet for the general advantage of the peo- ple. His successor, Don Antonio Maria Bucarelly, was mild, and he was succeeded January 1, 1777, by Don Bernard de Gal- vez, who was the last Governor. He sym- pathized with American independence. The British, with 140 troops and 1 ,400 Indians, invaded Upper Louisiana from the north by way of the Straits of Mackinaw, and in- vested St. Louis, Missouri, in 1780, but were driven off. When the Indians saw that they were led to fight " Americans" as well as Spaniards, they found that they had been deceived, and withdrew from the British army, and thus General George R. Clark, in behalf of the Americans, easily defended St. Louis, and also all the new settlements in this western country. After the Revolutionary war the country began again to prosper. Governor Galvez, by a census, ascertained that Louisiana had in 1785 a population of about 33,000, exclu- sive of Indians. In the summer of the latter year Don Estavan Miro became Governor pro tern, of the Spanish possessions in this country, and was afterward confirmed as such by the king. During his administration a vain attempt was made by the Catholics to establish the inquisition at New Orleans. He was succeeded in 1792 by Baron de Carondelet, and during his term the Spanish colonies grew so rapidly that their Govern- ment became jealous of the United States and sought to exclude all interference from them in domestic affairs ; but all efforts in this direction were ended in 1795 by the treaty of Madrid, which, after some delay and trouble, was fully carried out in 1798. HISTORY OF IOWA. '39 Under the leadership of Livingston and Monroe, the United States Government, after various propositions had been dis- cussed by the respective powers, succeeded in effecting, in 1803, a purchase of the whole of Louisiana from France for $11,250,000, and all this country west of the great river consisted of the " Territory of Orleans " (now the State of Louisiana) and the " Dis- trict of, Louisiana " (now the States of Ar- kansas, Missouri and Iowa, and westward indefinitely). The latter was annexed to the Territory of Indiana for one year, and in 1805 it was erected into a separate Terri- tory, of the second class, the legislative power being vested in the Governor and judges. Before the close of the year it was made a Territory of the first class, under the name of the " Territory of Louisiana," the Government being administered by the Governor and judges. The first Governor was James Wilkinson, and he was succeeded near the close of 1806 by Colonel Meri- weather Lewis, the seat of Government be- ing at St. Louis ; and during his adminis- tration the Territory was divided into six judicial districts or large counties — St. Charles, St. Louis, St. Genevieve, Cape Girardeau, New Madrid and Arkansas. In 1 8 10 the population of Louisiana Territory was 21,000, five-sevenths of whom were in Arkansas. In 1812 the State of Louisiana was ad- mitted into the Union, and then it was deemed expedient to change the name of the Territory. It was accordingly given the name of " Missouri Territory," which it retained until the admission of the State of Missouri in 1821. IOWA TERRITORY. Although the " Northwestern Territory" — carved out of Virginia and now divided into the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin — never included Iowa, this State was in 1834 incorporated into the " Territory of Michigan," and thus became subject to the ordinance of 1787; and two years later it was made a part of " Wisconsin Territory," and two years still later, in 1838, the "Territory of Iowa" was formed independently, with sixteen counties and a population of 23,000. In 1833, at Dubuque, a postoffice was established, and some time prior to 1834 one or two justices of the peace had been appointed. In 1834 the Territorial Legis- lature of Michigan created two counties west of the Mississippi — Dubuque and Des Moines — separated by a line drawn west- ward from the foot of Rock Island. These counties were partially organized. John King was appointed " Chief Justice" of Du- buque County, and Isaac Leffler, of Bur- lington, of Des Moines County. Two associate justices in each county were ap- pointed by the Governor. In October, 1835, General George W. Jones, of Du- buque, was elected a delegate to Congress. April 20, 1836, through the efforts of Gen- eral Jones, Congress passed a bill creating the Territory of Wisconsin, which went into operation July 4, that year. Iowa was then included in that Territory, of which General Henry Dodge was appointed Gov- ernor. The census of 1836 showed a popu- lation in Iowa of 10,531, of which 6,257 were in Des Moines County and 4,274 in Dubuque County. Ths first Legislature assembled at Bel- mont, Wisconsin, October 25, 1836; the second at Burlington, Iowa, November 9, 1837 ; and the third, also at the latter place, June 1, 1838. As earl)' as 1837 the people of Iowa be- gan to petition Congress for a separate Territorial organization, which was granted June 12 following. Ex-Governor Lucas, of Ohio, was appointed by President Van Bu- ren to be the first Governor of the new Territory. Immediately upon his arrival he issued a proclamation for the election of HIS TORT OF IOWA. members of the first Territorial Legislature, to take place September 10. The following were elected : Council. — Jesse B. Brown, J. Keith, E. A. M. Swazey, Arthur Ingram, Robert Ralston, George Hepner, Jesse J. Payne, D. B. Hughes, James M. Clark, Charles Whittlesey, Jonathan W. Parker, Warner Lewis, Stephen Hempstead. House. — Wm. Patterson, Hawkins Tay- lor, Calvin J. Price, James Brierly, James Hall, Gideon S. Bailey, Samuel Parker, James W. Grimes, George Temple, Van B. Delashmutt, Thomas Blair, George H. Beeler, Wm. G. Coop, Wm. H. Wallace, Asbury B. Porter, John"Frierson, Wm. L. Toole, Levi Thornton, S. C. Hastings, Robert G. Roberts, Laurel Summers, Jabez A. Burchard, Jr., Chauncey Swan, Andrew Bankson, Thomas Cox and Har- din Nowlin. At the session of the above Legislature Wm. W. Chapman was elected delegate to Congress. As the latter body had given the Governor unlimited veto power, and as Governor Lucas was disposed to exer- cise it arbitrarily, the independent " Hawk- eyes " grew impatient under his administra- tion, and, after having a stormy session for a time, they had Congress to limit the veto power. Great excitement also prevailed, both in the Legislature and among the people, concerning the question of the loca- tion of the seat of Government for the State. As they knew nothing concerning the great future development and extent of the State, they had no correct idea where the geographical center would or should be. The Black Hawk purchase, which was that strip of land next the Mississippi, in the southeastern part of the State, was the full extent and horizon of their idea of the new commonwealth. Hence they thought first only of Burlington or Mount Pleasant as the capital. Indeed, at that time, the Indians had possession of the rest of Iowa. But a few of the more shrewd foresaw that a more central location would soon be further to the north at least, if not west, and a point in Johnson County was ulti- mately decided upon. Commissioners, appointed by the Gov- ernor, selected the exact site, laid out a sec- tion of land into a town, sold lots and proceeded to erect the public buildings. The capitol was commenced in 1840 and Iowa City became thenceforward the capi- tal of the State. The fourth Legislative Assembly met at this place December 6, 1841, but not in the new capitol building, as it was not yet ready. Being somewhat difficult to raise the necessary funds, the building was not completed for several years. The early Territorial Legislatures of Iowa laid the foundation for a very just and liberal Government, far in advance of what had ever been done before by any State. About this time a conflict arose between this Territory and Missouri concerning the boundary line between them. There was a difference of a strip eight or ten miles wide, extending from the Mississippi to the Missouri rivers, which each claimed. Mis- souri officers, attempting to collect taxes within the disputed territory, were arrested and confined in jail by Iowa sheriffs, and the respective Governors called out the militia, preparing for bloodshed. About 1,200 Iowa men enlisted, and 500 were act- ually armed and encamped in Van Buren County, ready to defend their Territory, when three prominent and able men were sent to Missouri as envoys plenipotentiary, to effect, if possible, a peaceable adjustment of the difficulty. Upon their arrival, they found that the county commissioners of Clark County, Missouri, had rescinded their order for the collection of the taxes, and that Governor Boggs had dispatched messen- gers to the Governor of Iowa proposing to submit an agreed case to the Supreme HISTORT OF IOWA. Court of the United States for the settle- ment of the boundary question. This prop- osition was declined; but afterward, upon petition of Iowa and Missouri, Congress authorized a suit to settle the controversy. The suit was duly instituted, and resulted in the decision that Iowa had only asserted " the truth of history," and she knew where the rapids of the Des Moines River were located. Thus ended the Missouri war. " There was much good sense," says Hon. C. C. Nourse, "in the basis upon which peace was secured, to-wit: ' If Missourians did not know where the rapids of the river Des Moines were located, that was no suffi- cient reason for killing them off with powder and lead; and if we did know a little more of history and geography than they did we ought not to be shot for our learning. We commend our mutual forbearance to older and greater people.'" Under an order from the Supreme Court of the United States commissioners surveyed and estab- lished the boundary. The expenses of the war, on the part of Iowa, were never paid, either by the United States or the Territo- rial Government. STATE ORGANIZATION AND SUBSEQUENT HISTORY. The population having become, by the year 1844, sufficient to justify the formation of a State Government, the Territorial Leg- islature of Iowa passed an act, approved February 12, that year, submitting to the people the question of the formation of a State Constitution and providing for the election of delegates to a convention to be called together for that purpose. The people voted upon this at their township elections in the following April, giving the measure a large majority. The elected delegates assembled in convention at Iowa City, October 7, 1844, and completed their work by November 1. Hon. Shepherd Leffler, the President of this convention, was instructed to transact a certified copy of the proposed Constitution to the Dele- gate in Congress, to be submitted by him to that body at the earliest practicable day. It also provided that it should be submitted, together with any conditions or changes that might be made by Congress, to the people of the Territory, for their approval or rejection, at the township election in April, 1845. The Constitution, as thus prepared, fixed the boundaries of the State very differently from what were finally agreed upon. May 4, 1846, a second convention met at Iowa City, and on the 18th of the same month another Constitution, prescribing the boundaries as they now are, was adopted. This was accepted by the people, August 3, by a vote of 9,492 to 9,036. The new Constitution was approved by Congress, and Iowa was admitted as a sovereign State in the American Union, December 28, 1846. The people of the State, antici- pating favorable action by Congress, held an election for State officers October 26 which resulted in Ansel Briggs being de- clared Governor; Elisha Cutler, Jr., Secre- tary of State; Joseph T. Fales, Auditor; Morgan Reno, Treasurer; and members of the Senate and House of Representatives. The act of Congress which admitted Iowa gave her the 16th section of every township of land in the State, or its equiv- alent, for the support of schools; also seventy-two sections of land for the pur- pose of a university; also five sections of land for the completion of her public build- ings; also the salt springs within her limits, not exceeding twelve in number, with sec- tions of land adjoining each; also, in con- sideration that her public lands should be exempt from taxation by the State, she gave to the State five per cent, of the net proceeds of the sale of public lands within the State. Thus provided for as a bride with her marriage portion, Iowa com- \ I 142 HISTORr OF IOWA. menced " housekeeping " upon her own account. A majority of the Constitutional Conven- tion of 1846 were of the Democratic party; and the instrument contains some of the peculiar tenets of the party at that" day. All banks of issue were prohibited within the State. The State was prohibited from becoming a stockholder in any corporation for pecuniary profit, and the General As- sembly could only provide for private cor- porations by general statutes. The Consti- tution also limited, the State's indebtedness to $100,000. It required the General As- sembly to provide public schools through- out the State for at least three months in the year. Six months' previous residence of any white male citizen of the United States constituted him an elector. At the time of organization as a State, Iowa had a population of 1 16,65 1, a s appears by the census of 1847. There were twenty- seven organized counties in the State, and the settlements were rapidly pushing to- ward the Missouri River. The first General Assembly was com- posed of nineteen Senators and forty Rep- resentatives. It assembled at Iowa City, November 30,1846, about a month before the State was admitted into the Union. The most important business transacted was the passage of a bill authorizing a loan of $50,000 for means to run the State Gov- ernment and pay. the expenses of the Con- stitutional conventions. The great excite- ment of the session, however, was the attempt to choose United States Senators. The Whigs had a majority of two in the House, and the Democrats a majority of one in the Senate. After repeated attempts to control these majorities for caucus nom- inees and frequent sessions of a joint con- vention for purposes of an election, the attempt was abandoned. A school law was passed at this session for the organization of public schools in the State. At the first session also arose the ques- tion of the re-location of the capital. The western boundary of the State, as now determined, left Iowa City too far toward the eastern and southern boundary of the State; this was conceded. Congress had appropriated five sections of land for the erection of public buildings, and toward the close of the session a bill was introduced providing for the re-location of the seat of Government, involving to some extent the location of th6 State University, which had already been discussed. This bill gave rise to much discussion and parliamentary ma- neuvering, almost purely sectional in its character. It provided for the appointment of three commissioners, who were author- ized to make a location as near the geo- graphical center of the State as a healthy and eligible site could be obtained; to select the five sections of land donated by Con- gress; to survey and plat intq town lots not exceeding one section of the land so se- lected, etc. Soon after, by " An act to locate and establish a State University," approved February 25, 1847, the unfinished public buildings at Iowa City, together with ten acres of land on which they were situated, were granted for the use of the University, reserving their use, however, by the General Assembly and the State officers, until other provisions were made by law. When the report of the commissioners, showing their financial operations, had been read in the House of Representa- tives, at the next session, and while it was under consideration, an indignant member, afterward known as the eccentric Judge McFarland, moved to refer the report to a select committee of five, with instructions to report " how much of said city of Mon- roe was under water, and how much was burned." The report was referred with- out the instructions, but Monroe City never became the seat of Government. By an aginrwr ggCT -M-M^w.w^ B ^ i i^ W rea.^; ^^ ^ HISTORY OF IOWA. H3 act approved January 15, 1849, the law by which the location had been ,made was re- pealed and the new town was vacated, the money paid by purchasers of lots being re- funded to them. This, of course, retained the seat of Government at Iowa City, and precluded for the time the occupation of the building and grounds by the University. After the adjournment of the first Gen- eral Assembly, the Governor appointed Joseph Williams, Chief Justice, and George Green and John F. Kinney, Judges of the Supreme Court. They were afterward elected by the second General Assembly, and constituted the Supreme Court until 1855, with the exception that Kinney re- signed in January, 1854, and J. C. Hall, of Burlington, was appointed in his place. At this session Charles Mason, William G. Woodward and Stephen Hempstead were appointed commissioners to prepare a code of laws for the State. Their work was finished in 1850 and was adopted by the General Assembly. This " code " con- tained among other provisions a code of civil practice, superseding the old common- law forms of actions and writs, and it was admirable for its simplicity and method. It remained in force until 1863, when it was superseded by the more complicated and metaphysical system of the revision of that year. The first Representatives in Congress were S. Clinton Hastings, of Muscatine, and Shepherd Leffler, of Des Moines County. The second General Assembly elected to the United States Senate Au- gustus Cassar Dodge and George W. Jones. The State government, after the first ses- sion, was under the control of Democratic administrations till 1855. The electoral vote of the State was cast for Lewis Cass in 1848, and for Franklin Pierce in 1852. The popu- lar vote shows that the Free-Soil element of the State during this period very nearly held the balance of power, and that up to 1854 it acted in the State elections to some extent with the Democratic party. In 1858 Lewis Cass received 12,093 votes, Zachary Taylor 11,034, and Martin Van Buren, the Free-Soil candidate, 1,226 votes, being 167 less .than a majority for Cass. • In 1852 Pierce received 17,762 votes, Scott 15,855, and Hale, Free-Soil, 1,606, being for Pierce 301 votes more than a majority. The question of the permanent location of the seat of government was not settled, and in 185 1 bills were introduced for the removal of the capital to Pella and to Fort Des Moines. The latter appeared to have the support of the majority, but was finally lost in the House on the question of order- ing it to its third reading. At the next session, in 1853, a bill was introduced in the Senate for the removal of the seat of government to Fort Des Moines, and on first vote was just barely defeated. At the next session, however, the effort was more successful, and January 15, 1855, a bill re-locating the capital within two miles of the Raccoon Fork of the Des Moines, and for the appointment of commissioners, was approved by Governor Grimes. The site was selected in 1856, in accordance with the provisions of this act, the land being donated to the State by citizens and property-holders of Des Moines. An asso- ciation of citizens erected a building for a temporary capitol, and leased it to the State at a nominal rent. The passage by Congress of the act or- ganizing the Territories of Kansas and Ne- braska, and the provision it contained abro- gating that portion of the Missouri bill that prohibited slavery and involuntary servi- tude north of- 36° 30' was the beginning of a political revolution in the Northern States, and in none was it more marked than in the State of Iowa. Iowa was the " first free child born of the Missouri Compromise," and has always resented the destruction oi her foster parent, ■ »l.» l .». » .»." M ". » ,» ai ». » M » l .l M B|.B.».».H.".» a l . » . H . » . t i|»" .T i HIS TORT OF IOWA. The year 1856 marked a new era in the his- tory of Iowa. In 1854 the Chicago & Rock Island Railroad had been completed to the cast bank of the Mississippi River, opposite Davenport. In the same year the corner- stone of a railroad bridge that was to be. the first to span the " Father of Waters," was laid with appropriate ceremonies at this point. St. Louis had resolved that the enterprise was unconstitutional, and by writs of injunction made an unsuccessful effort to prevent its completion. Twenty years later in her history, St. Louis re- pented her folly, and made atonement for her sin by imitating Iowa's example. Jan- uary 1, 1856, this railroad was completed to Iowa City. In the meantime, two other railroads had reached the east bank of the Mississippi — one opposite Burlington, and one opposite Dubuque — and these were be- ing extended into the interior of the State. Indeed, four other lines of railroads had been projected across the State from the Mississippi to the Missouri, having eastern connections. May 15, 1856, Congress passed an act granting to the State, to aid in the con- struction of railroads, the public lands in alternate sections, six miles on either side of the proposed lines. An extra session of the General Assembly was called in July of this year, that disposed of the grant to the several companies that proposed to com- plete these enterprises. The population of Iowa was now 500,000. Public attention had been called to the necessity of a rail- road across the continent. The position of Iowa, in the very heart and center of the republic, on the route of this great high- way of the continent, began to attract atten- tion. Cities and towns sprang up through the State as if by magic. Capital began to pour into the State, and had it been em- ployed in developing the vast coal measures and establishing manufactories, or if it had been expended in improving the lands, and in building houses and barns, it would have been well. But all were in haste to get rich, and the spirit of speculation ruled the hour. In the meantime, every effort was made to help the speedy completion of the rail- roads. Nearly every county and city on the Mississippi, and many in the interior, voted large corporate subscriptions to the stock of the railroad companies, and issued their negotiable bonds for the amount. Thus enormous county and city debts were incurred, the payment of which these mu- nicipalities tried to avoid, upon the plea that they had exceeded the constitutional limitation of their powers. The Supreme Court of the United States held these bonds to be valid, and the courts by mandamus compelled the city and county authorities to levy taxes to pay the judgments re- covered upon them. These debts are not all paid, even to this day ; but the worst is over, and the incubus is in the course of Ultimate extinction. The most valuable lessons are those learned in the school of experience, and accordingly the corpora- tions of Iowa have ever since been noted for economy. In 1856 the popular vote was as follows: Fremont, 43,954; Buchanan, 36,170, and Fillmore, 9,180. This was 1,296 less than a majority for Fremont. The following year an election was held, after an exciting cam- paign, for State officers, resulting in a ma- jority of 1,406 for Ralph P. Lowe, the Re- publican nominee. The Legislature was largely Republican in both branches. One of the most injurious results to the State, arising from the spirit of speculation prevalent in 1856, was the purchase and entry of great bodies of Government land within the State by non-residents. This land was held for speculation and placed beyond the reach of actual settlers for many years. From no other one cause has Iowa suffered so much as from the short-sighted SS B S SSSS HISTORT OF IOWA. HS policy of the Federal Government in selling lands within her borders. The money thus obtained by the Federal Government has been comparatively inconsiderable. The value of this magnificent public do- main to the United States was not in the few thousands of dollars she might exact from the hardy settlers, or that she might obtain from the speculator who hoped to profit by the settlers' labors in improving the country. Statesmen should have taken a broader and more comprehensive view of national economy, and a view more in har- mony with the divine economy that had prepared these vast fertile plains of the West for the " homes of men and the seats of empire." It was here that new States were to be builded up, that should be the future strength of the nation against foreign invasion or home revolt. A single regi- ment of Iowa soldiers during the dark days of the Rebellion was worth more to the nation than all the money she ever exacted from the toil and sweat of Iowa's early settlers. Could the statesmen of forty years ago have looked forward to this day, when Iowa pays her $1,000,000 annually into the treasury of the nation for the ex- tinction of the national debt, they would have realized that the founding of new States was a greater enterprise than the re- tailing of public lands. In January, 1857, another Constitutional. Convention assembled at Iowa City, which framed the present State Constitution. One of the most pressing demands for this con- vention grew out of the prohibition of banks under the old Constitution. The practical result of this prohibition was to flood the State with every species of " wild- cat" currency. The new Constitution made ample pro- visions for home banks under the super- vision of our own laws. The limitation of the State debt was enlarged to $250,000, and the corporate indebtedness of the cities and counties was also limited to 5 per cent, upon the valuation of their taxable property. The judges of the Supreme Court were to be elected by the popular vote. The per- manent seat of government was fixed at Des Moines, and the State University lo- cated at Iowa City. The qualifications of electors remained the same as under the old Constitution, but the schedule provided for a vote of the people upon a separate propo- sition to strike the word " white" out of the suffrage clause, which, had it prevailed, would have resulted in conferring the right of suffrage without distinction of color. Since the early organization of Iowa there had been upon the statute book a law pro- viding that no negro, mulatto nor Indian should be a competent witness in any suit or proceeding to which a white man was a party. The General Assembly of 1856-'/ repealed this law, and the new Constitution contained a clause forbidding such disquali- fication in the future. It also provided for the education of " all youth of the State " through a system of common schools. This Constitution was adopted at the ensuing election by a vote of 40,311 to 38,681. October 19, 1857, Governor Grimes issued a proclamation declaring the city of Des Moines to be the capital of the State of Iowa. The removal of the archives and offices was commenced at once and continued through the fall. It was an undertaking of no small magnitude; there was not a mile of railroad to facilitate the work, and the season was unusually disagreeable. Rain, snow and other accompaniments increased the difficulties; and it was not until Decem- ber that the last of the effects, — the safe of • the State Treasurer, loaded on two large " bob sleds " drawn by ten yokes of oxen, — was deposited in the new capital. It is not imprudent now to remark that during this passage over hills and prairies, across rivers, through bottom lands and timber, the safes belonging to the several depart 146 HISTORY OF IOWA. 1 ments contained large sums of money, mostly individual funds, however. Thus Iowa City ceased to be the capital of the State, after four Territorial Legislatures, six State Legislatures and three Constitu- tional Conventions had held their sessions there. By the exchange, the old capitol at Iowa City became the seat of the university, and, except the rooms occupied by the United States District Court, passed under the immediate and direct control of the trustees of that institution. Des Moines was now the permanent seat of govern- ment, made so by the fundamental law of the State, and January 11, 1858, the Sev- enth General Assembly convened at the new capitol. The citizens' association, which built this temporary building, bor- rowed the money of James D. Eads, Super- intendent of Public Instruction, and leased it to the State. In 1864 the State pur- chased the building. At the session of the General Assembly in 1858, James W. Grimes was elected United States Senator as successor to George W. Jones. During the years 1858-60, the Sioux Indians became troublesome in the north- western part of the State. They made fre- quent raids for the purpose of plunder, and on several occasions murdered whole fami- lies of settlers. In 1861 several companies of militia were ordered to that portion of the State, to hunt down and expel the thieves. No battles were fought. The Indians fled as soon as they ascertained that systematic measures had been adopted for their punishment. PATRIOTISM. The Presidential campaign of i860 was the most remarkable and exciting of all in the history of Iowa. The fact that civil war might be inaugurated and was threat- ened, in case Mr. Lincoln was elected, was well understood and duly considered. The people of Iowa indulged in no feeling of hatred or ill-will toward the people of any State or section of the Union. There was, however, on the part of the majority, a cool determination to consider and decide upon our national relations to this institu- tion of slavery, uninfluenced by any threat of violence or civil war. The popular vote of Iowa gave Mr. Lincoln 70,409; Stephen A. Douglas, 55,011; Breckenridge, 1,048. The General Assembly of the State 01 Iowa, as early as 185 1, had by joint resolu- tion declared that the State of Iowa was " bound to maintain the union of these States by all the means in her power." The same year the State furnished a block of marble for the Washington monument at the national capital, and by order of the Gen- eral Assembly there was inscribed upon its enduring surface the following: " Iowa: Her affections, like the rivers of her borders, flow to an inseparable Union." The time was now approaching in her history when these declarations of attachment and fidelity to the nation were to be put to a practical test. The declaration of Mr. Buchanan's last annual message, that the nation possessed no constitutional power to coerce a seced- ing State, was received by a great majority of our citizens with humiliation and dis- trust. Anxiously they awaited the expiring hours of his administration, and looked tr> the incoming President as to an expected deliverer that should rescue the nation from the hands of traitors, and the control of those whose non-resistance invited her des truction. The firing upon the national flag at Sumter aroused a burning indigna- tion throu ghout the loyal States of the re- public, and nowhere was it more intense than in Iowa; and when the proclamation of the President was published, April 15, 1861, calling for 75,000 citizen soldiers to " maintain the honor, the integrity, and the existence of our national Union, and the perpetuity of popular government," HISTORY OF IOWA. the good people of Iowa were more than willing to respond to the call. Party lines gave way, and for a while, at least, party spirit was hushed, and the cause of our common country was supreme in the affections of the people. Peculiarly fort- unate were the citizens of Iowa at this crisis, in having a truly representative man, Samuel J. Kirkwood, as executive of the State. Within thirty days after the date of the President's call for troops, the first Iowa regiment was mustered into the service of the United States, a second regiment was in camp ready for the service, and the General Assembly of the State was con- vened in special session, and had by joint resolution solemnly pledged every resource of men and money to the national cause. The Constitution of Iowa limited the State debt to $250,000, except debts con- tracted to " repel invasion, suppress insur- rection, or defend the State in war." The General Assembly authorized a loan of $800,000 for a war and defense fund, to be expended in organizing, arming, equipping and subsisting the militia of the State to meet the present and future requisitions of the President. Those in power looked to the spirit rather than to the letter of the Constitution, and acted upon the theory that to preserve the nation was to pre- serve the State, and that to prevent in- vasion was the most effectual means of repelling it. A few, however, in both branches of the General Assembly were more careful of the letter of the Constitu- tion. Three votes in the Senate and sev- enteen in the House were cast against the loan bill. These bonds were at 7 per cent, interest. Only $300,000 were ever issued, and they were purchased and held chiefly by our own citizens. At this crisis James W. Grimes and James Harlan were in the United States Senate, and General Samuel R. Curtis and General Vandeverin 13 the House of Representatives. During the first year of the war, Iowa furnished sixteen regiments of infantry, six of cavalry and three batteries, — in all, 22,000 soldiers. Iowa had no refuse population to enlist as " food for powder." Her cities contained none of that element found about the pur- lieus of vice in the great centers of popu- lation. Her contribution to the armies of the republic was a genuine offering of manhood and patriotism. From her fields, her workshops, her counting-houses, her offices, and the halls of her schools and colleges, she contributed the best muscle, sinew and brain of an industrious, enter- prising and educated people. The first regiment of Iowa soldiers fought the bat- tle of Wilson's Creek after their term of enlistment had expired, and after they were entitled to a discharge. They were citi- zen soldiers, each of whom had a personal interest in the struggle. It was to them no question of enlistment, of bounty or of pay. When the gallant General Lyon placed himself at their head, and told them that the honor of Iowa and of the nation was in their hands, he addressed men who knew what the appeal meant, and to whom such an appeal was never made in vain. At the fall election of 1861, party spirit had revived; and the contest for the control of the State administration was warm and earnest. Dissensions arose in both parties but the election resulted in a majority of 16,600 votes for Kirkwood, who was thus retained as Governor of Iowa. In 1863 the Republicans elected their candidate for Governor, William M. Stone, by a ma- jority of 29,000. Meanwhile the General Assembly had passed a law authorizing the " soldiers' vote," that is, citizens of the State in the volunteer military service of the United States, whether within or without the limits of the State, were authorized to open a poll on the day of the election, and to make re- !• 5 it ■ 148 HISTORY OF IOWA. turn of their votes to the proper civil au- thorities. In the Presidental contest of 1864 the popular vote at home was as follows: Lincoln, 72,122; McClellan, 47,- 703. The soldier vote returned was: Lin- coln, 16,844; McClellan, 1,883. The General Assembly did all in its power to encourage enlistment and to pro- tect the soldiers in the field and their fami- lies at home. Statutes were enacted sus- pending all suits against soldiers in the service, and all writs of execution or attach- ment against their property; and county boards of supervisors were authorized to vote bounties for enlistments, and pecuni- ary aid to the families of those in the serv- ice. The spirits of our people rose and fell, according to the success of the Union armies. One day the bells rung out with joy for the surrender of Vicksburg, and again the air seemed full of heaviness be- cause of our defeats on the Peninsula; but through all these dark and trying days, the' faith of the great majority never wavered. The Emancipation Proclamation of the President was to them an inspiration of a new hope. In the Adjutant's department at Des Moines are preserved the shot-riddled col- ors and standards of Iowa's regiments. Upon them, by special authority, were inscribed from time to time during the war the names of the battle-fields upon which these regiments gained distinction. These names constitute the geographical nomen- clature of two-thirds of the territory lately in rebellion. From the Des Moines River to the Gulf, from the Mississippi to the Atlantic, in the Mountains of West Virginia and in the valley of the Shenandoah, the Iowa soldier made his presence known and felt, and maintained the honor of the State, and the cause of the nation. ' They were with Lyon at Wilson's Creek; with Tuttle at Donelson. They fought with Sigel and with Curtis at Pea Ridge; with Crocker at Champion Hills; with Reid at Shiloh. They were with Grant at the surrender of Vicksburg. They fought above the clouds with Hooker at Lookout Mountain. They were with Sherman in his march to the sea, and were ready for battle when Johnston surrendered. They were with Sheridan in the valley of the Shenandoah, and were in the veteran ranks of the nation's deliverers that stacked their arms in the national cap- ital at the close of the war. The State furnished to the armies of the republic, during the war, over 70,000 men, and 20,000 of these perished in" battle or from diseases contracted in the service. We append here a brief notice of each regiment : The First Regiment was organized under the President's first call for three-months volunteers, with John Francis Bates, of Du- buque, as Colonel. It comprised various independent military companies that had been organized before the war, who ten- dered their services even before the break- ing out of hostilities. They were mustered in May 14, and first saw service under General Lyon in Missouri. Second Infantry; Samuel R. Curtis, of Keokuk, Colonel. This was the first three- years regiment, and. made a most distin- guished record throughout the South, go- ing with Sherman to the sea, returning through the Carolinas, etc. After the battle at Fort Donelson, the unenthusiastic General Halleck pronounced this regiment "the bravest of the brave." Third Infantry ; Nelson G. Williams, of Dubuque County, Colonel. Veteranized in 1864, but before the new officers received their commissions the regiment fought itself out of existence at the battle of Atlanta ! Fourth Infantry ; G. M. Dodge, of Coun- cil Bluffs, Colonel. Engaged in the prin- cipal battles of the South. Fifth Infantry ; William H. Worthington, of Keokuk, Colonel; 180 veteranized in" msw at m m iB a .m m m m m m m m m m m m m m Ki„m m m^m m m m m m B m ,wri 1864 and were transferred to the Fifth Cavalry. Sixth Infantry; John A: McDowell, of Keokuk, Colonel. Engaged faithfully in many of the prominent battles. Seventh Infantry ; J. G. Lauman, of Bur- lington, Colonel. It lost 227 at the single battle of Belmont. Eighth Infantry ; Frederick Steele, of the regular army, Colonel. Most of this com- mand suffered in rebel prisons for eight months. Was on duty in Alabama nearly a year after the collapse of the Rebellion. Ninth Infantry ; William Vandever, of Dubuque, Colonel. Was in almost every Southern State, traveling altogether 10,000 miles ; marched more than 4,000 miles ! Tenth Infantry ; Nicholas Persczel, of Davenport, Colonel. Fought mainly in Mississippi ; losing half its number at the battle of Champion Hills alone ! Eleventh Infantry ; A. M. Hare, of Mus- catine, Colonel. Served mainly in the in- terior of the South, doing as valiant service as any other regiment. Twelfth Infantry ; J. J. Wood, of Maquo- keta, Colonel. In rebel prisons eight months. Veteranized January 4, 1864, a larger proportion of the men re-enlisting than from any other Iowa regiment. Served for several months after the close of the war. Thirteenth Infantry ; M. M. Crocker, of Des Moines, Colonel. Fought in the South- ern interior and made the famous round with Sherman to the sea, being the first to enter Columbia, South Carolina, where se- cession had its rise. Fourteenth Infantry ; William T. Shaw, of Anamosa, Colonel. Nearly all captured at Shiloh, but were released after a few months. Engaged in some of the severest contests. Fifteenth Infantry; Hugh T. Reid, of Keokuk, Colonel. Served three and a half years in the heart of the Rebellion. Sixteenth Infantry ; Alex. Chambers, of the regular army, Colonel. Bravely served throughout the South. Seventeenth Infantry ; John W. Rankin, of Keokuk, Colonel. Served in the in- terior of the South. Eighteenth Infantry ; John Edwards, of Chariton, Colonel. Much of its time was spent in garrison duty. Nineteenth Infantry ; Benjamin Crabb, of Washington, Colonel. Served mainly in Mississippi. Were prisoners of war about ten months. Twentieth Infantry, comprising five com- panies each from Scott and Linn counties, who vied with each other in patriotism; William M. Dye, of Marion, Colonel. En- gaged mainly on the Gulf coast. Twenty-first Infantry ; ex-Governor Sam- uel Merrill, Colonel. Distinguished in val- iant service throughout the South. See Twenty-third Regiment. Twenty-second Infantry ; William M. Stone, of Knoxville, since Governor of the State, was Colonel. Did excellent service, all the way from Mississippi to old Virginia. Twenty-third Infantry ; William Dewey, of Fremont County, Colonel. Its services were mainly in Mississippi. At Black River but a few minutes were required in carry- ing the rebel works, but those few minutes were fought with fearful loss to the troops. The Twenty-first also participated in this daring assault, and immediately after the victory was gained General Lawler passed down the line and joyfully seized every man by the hand, so great was his emotion. Twenty-fourth Infantry ; the " Iowa Temperance Regiment," was raised by Eber C. Byam, of Linn County. Engaged mainly in the Lower Mississippi Valley. Twenty-fifth Infantry ; George A. Stone, of Mt. Pleasant, Colonel. " To the sea." Twenty-sixth Infantry ; Milo Smith, of Clinton, Colonel. Took part in many great battles. ■.».i..i. i.i. i .ii.i. i .i. i . fi l.».l„ll.l B - W - » .. » - 1-"-"-'"J "So HISTORY OF IOWA. Twenty-seventh Infantry ; James I. Gil- bert, of Lansing, Colonel. On duty all the way from Minnesota to the Gulf of Mexico. Twenty-eighth Infantry ; William E. Miller, of Iowa City, Colonel. Service, in the region of the Lower Mississippi. Twenty-ninth Infantry ; Thomas H. Ben- ton, Jr., of Council Bluffs, Colonel. Sta- tioned in Arkansas. Thirtieth Infantry ; Charles B. Abbott, of Louisa County, Colonel. In the thickest of the war, coming home loaded with honors. Thirty-first Infantry ; William Smyth, of Marion, Colonel. Returned from its many hard-fought battles in the interior of the South with only 370 men out of 1,000 en- listed. Thirty-second Infantry ; John Scott, of Nevada, Colonel. Engaged in a number of battles. Thirty-third Infantry ; Samuel A. Rice, a popular politician of Central Iowa, Colo- nel. Served from Arkansas to Alabama. Thirty-fourth Infantry; George W.Clark, of Indianola, Colonel. Traveled 15,000 miles in its service ! Thirty-fifth Infantry ; S. G. Hill, of Mus- catine, Colonel. Served bravely in a dozen battles, and traveled 10,000 miles. Thirty-sixth Infantry ; Charles W. Kitt- redge, of Ottumwa, Colonel. Suffered a great deal from sickness— small-pox, measles, malaria, etc. Thirty-seventh Infantry, the " Gray- Beard Regiment," being composed of men over forty-five years of age, and was the only one of its kind in the war. Garrison and post duty. Thirty-eighth Infantry; D. H. Hughes, of Decorah, Colonel. Most unfortunate of all in respect of sickness, 300 dying during the first two years. Thirty-ninth Infantry ; H. J. B. Cum- mings, of Winterset, Colonel. One of the most distinguished regiments in the field. ■ -■- ■ ..■- ■..■.■■-'■■■-■'■.■-■■■"lii"^ Fortieth Infantry; John A. Garrett, of Newton, Colonel. Forty-first Infantry was not completed, and the three companies raised for it were attached to the Seventh Cavalry. There were no regiments numbered Forty-second or Forty-third. Forty -fourth Infantry for 100 days; Stephen H. Henderson, Colonel. Garrison duty in Tennessee. Forty-fifth Infantry, for 100 days ; A. H. Bereman, of Mt. Pleasant, Colonel. Garri- son duty in Tennessee. Forty-sixth Infantry, for 100 days; D. B. Henderson, of Clermont, Colonel. Garri- son duty in Tennessee. Forty-seventh Infantry, for 100 days; James P. Sanford, of Oskaloosa, Colonel. Stationed at the sickly place of Helena, Arkansas. Forty-eighth Infantry (battalion), for 100 days ; O. H. P. Scott, of Farmington, Lieu- tenant-Colonel. Guarded prisoners on Rock Island. First Cavalry ; Fitz Henry Warren, of Burlington, Colonel. Served for three years, mainly along the Lower Mississippi. Second Cavalry ; W. L. Elliott, a Cap- tain in the Third Cavalry of the regular army, Colonel. Fought faithfully in many important battles in Tennessee and Missis- sippi. Third Cavalry ; Cyrus Bussey, of Broom- field, Colonel. Distinguished in war. Fourth Cavalry; A. B. Porter, of Mt. Pleasant, Colonel. Participated with zeal and judgment in the hottest of battles in Tennessee and Mississippi. Fifth Cavalry, only in part an Iowa regi- ment; William W. Lowe, of the regular army, Colonel. Distinguished in the hotly contested battles of Tennessee and vicinity. Sixth Cavalry; D. S. Wilson, of Du- buque, Colonel. Served against the In- dians. Seventh Cavalry ; S. W. Summers, of ■«"■«-«■— IBI-«».B-«»M»«il»M' J Ottumwa, Colonel. Served against Indians. Eighth Cavalry ; Joseph B. Dorr, of Du- buque, Colonel. Served faithfully in guard- ing Sherman's communications, etc. Ninth Cavalry; M. M. Trumbull, of Cedar Falls, Colonel. Scouting, guard and garrison duties in Arkansas. First Battery of Light Artillery; C. H. Fletcher, of Burlington, Captain. Served in Arkansas and Tennessee. Second Battery ; Nelson I. Spoor, of Council Bluffs, Captain. Engaged at Farm- ington, Corinth and other places. Third Battery ; M. M. Hayden, of Du- buque, Captain. Engaged at Pea Ridge, and in other important battles. Fourth Battery ; on duty most of the time in Louisiana. Iowa Regiment of Colored Troops ; John G. Hudson, of Missouri, Colonel. Garrison duty at St. Louis and elsewhere. Northern Border Brigade ; James A. Sawyer, of Sioux City, Colonel. Protected the Northwestern frontier. Southern Border Brigade ; protected the southern border of the State. The following promotions were made by the United States Government from Iowa regiments : To the rank of Major-General — Samuel R.Curtis, Frederick Steele, Frank J. Herron and Grenville M. Dodge ; to that of Brigadier-General-^Jacob G. Lauman, James M. Tuttle, W. L. Elliott, Fitz Henry Warren, Charles L. Matthies, William Van- dever, M. M. Crocker, Hugh T. Reid, Samuel A. Rice, John M. Corse, Cyrus Bussey, Edward Hatch, Elliott W. Rice, William W. Belknap, John Edwards, James A. Williamson, James I. Gilbert and Thomas J. McKean ; Corse, Hatch, Belknap, Elliott and Vandever were brevetted Major- Generals ; brevetted Brigadier-Generals — William T. Clark, Edward F. Winslow, S. G. Hill, Thomas H. Benton, S. S. Glasgow, Clark R. Weaver, Francis M. Drake, George A. Stone, Datus E. Coon, George W. Clark, Herman H. Heath, J. M. Hed- rick and W. W. Lowe. IOWA SINCE THE WAR. The two principal events of political in- terest in this State since the war have been the popular contests concerning woman suffrage and the liquor traffic. In the popular elections the people gave a ma- jority against the former measure, but in favor of prohibiting the sale or manufact- ure of intoxicating liquors. A list of State officers to date is given on a subsequent page. The last vote for Governor, October 9, 1883, stood as fol- lows: For Buren R. Sherman, Republican, 164,141 ; L. G. Kinne, Democrat, 140,032, and James B. Weaver, National Green- back, 23,093. STATE INSTITUTIONS. The present capitol building is a beauti- ful specimen of modern architecture. Its dimensions are, in general, 246 x 364 feet, with a dome and spire extending up to a height of 275 feet. In 1870 the General Assembly made an appropriation, and pro- vided for the appointment of a board of com- missioners to commence the work of build- ing. They were duly appointed and pro- ceeded to work, laying the corner-stone with appropriate ceremonies, November 23, 1871. The structure is not yet completed. When finished it will have cost about $3,500,000. The State University, at Iowa City, was established therein 1858, immediately after the removal of the capital to Des Moines. As had already been planned, it occupied the old capitol building. As early as Janu- ary, 1849, two branches of the university were established — one at Fairfield and one at Dubuque. At Fairfield, the board of directors organized and erected a building at a cost of $2,500. This was nearly de- stroyed by a hurricane the following year, ■■■■■■■■■»»M»a"«»i grnggggggSEgggBBEBHSaagBSB HISTORY OF IOWA. but was rebuilt more substantially by the citizens of Fairfield. This branch never received any aid from the State, and Janu- ary 24, 1853, at the request of the board, the General Assembly terminated its rela- tion to the State. The branch at Dubuque had only a nominal existence By act of Congress, approved July 20, 1840, two entire townships of land were set apart in this State for the support of a university. The Legislature of this State placed the management of this institution in the hands of a board of fifteen trustees, five to be chosen (by the Legislature) every two years, the superintendent of public instruction to be president of the board. This board was also" to appoint seven trus- tees for each of the three normal schools, to be simultaneously established — one each at Andrew, Oskaloosa and Mt. Pleasant. One was never started at the last-named place, and after a feeble existence for a short time the other two were discontin- ued. The university itself was closed dur- ing i8SQ-'6o, for want of funds. The law department was established in June, 1868, and soon afterward the Iowa Law School at Des Moines, which had been in successful operation for three years, was transferred to Iowa City and merged in the department. The medical d epartment was established in 1869; and in 1874 a chair of military instruction was added. Since April 11, 1870, the government of the university has been in the hands of a board of regents. The present faculty comprises forty-two professors, and the attendance 560 students. The State Normal School is located at Cedar Falls, and was opened in 1876. It has now a faculty of nine members, with' an attendance of 301 pupils. The State Agricultural College is located at Ames, in Story County, being established by the legislative act of March 23, 1858. In 1862 Congress granted to Iowa 240,000 acres of land for the endowment of schools of agriculture and the mechanic arts. The main building was completed in 1868, and the institution opened the following year. Tuition is free to pupils from the State over sixteen years of age. The college farm comprises 860 acres, of which a major portion is in cultivation. Professors, twen- ty-two; scholars, 319. The Deaf and Dumb Institute was estab- lished in 1855, at Iowa City, but was after- ward removed to Council Bluffs, to a tract of ninety acres of land two miles south of that city. In October, 1870, the main build- ing and one wing were completed and occupied. In February, 1877, fire destroyed the main building and east wing, and dur- ing the summer following a tornado par- tially demolished the west wing. It is at present (1885) manned with fifteen teachers, and attended by 292 pupils. The College for the Blind has been at Vin- ton since 1862. Prof. Samuel Bacon, himself blind, a fine scholar, who had founded the Institution for the Blind, at Jacksonville, Illinois, commenced as early as 1852 a school of instruction at Keokuk. The next year the institution was adopted by the State and moved to Iowa City, with Prof. Bacon as principal. It was moved thence, in 1862, to Vinton. The building was erected and the college manned at vast expenditure of money. It is said that $282,000 were ex- pended upon the building alone, and that it required an outlay of $5, 000 a year to heat it, while it had accommodations for 130 in- mates. At present, however, they have accommodations for more pupils, with an attendance of 1 32. There are eleven teach- ers. The annual legislative appropriation is $8,000, besides $128 per year for each pupil. The first Iowa Hospital for the Insane was established by an act of the Legislature approved January 24, 1855. It is located at Mt. Pleasant, where the building was com. HISTORr OF IOWA. 153 pleted in 1861, at a cost of $258,555. Within the first three months 100 patients were ad- mitted, and before the close of October, 1877, an aggregate of 3,684 had been ad- mitted. In April, 1876, a portion of the building was destroyed by fire. At this in- stitution there are now ninety-four superin- tendents and assistants, in charge of 472 patients. Another Hospital for the Insane, at Inde- pendence, was opened May 1, 1873, in a building which cost $88,114. The present number of inmates is 580, in the care of 1 1 1 superintendents and employes. The Soldiers' Orphans' Home is located at Davenport. It was originated by Mrs. Annie Wittenmeyer, during the late war, who called a convention for the purpose at Mus- catine, September 7, 1863, and uly 13 fol- lowing the institution was opened in a brick building at Lawrence, Van Buren County. It was sustained by voluntary contributions until 1866, when the State took charge of it. The Legislature provided at first for three " homes." The one in Cedar Falls was organized in 1865, an old hotel build- ing being fitted up for it, and by the follow- ing January there were ninety-six inmates. In October, 1869, the Home was removed to a large brick building about two miles west of Cedar Falls, and was very prosper- ous for several years; but in 1876 the Leg- islature devoted this building to the State Normal School, and the buildings and grounds of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home at Glenwood, Mills County, to an institution for the support of feeble-minded children, and also provided for the removal of the soldiers' orphans at the Glenwood and Cedar Falls homes to the institution at Davenport. The latter has now in charge 169 orphans. The Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, referred to above, is at Glenwood, estab- lished by the Legislature in March, 1876. The institution was opened September 1, following, with a few pupils; but now the attendance is 215, in the care of four teach- ers. This asylum is managed by three trus- tees, one of whom must be a resident of that county, Mills. The first penitentiary was established in 1841, near Fort Madison, its present loca- tion. The cost of the original building was $55,934, and its capacity was sufficient for 138 convicts. At present there are at this prison 364 convicts, in charge of forty-three employes. The penitentiary at Anamosa was estab- lished in i872-'3. It now has 239 convicts and thirty-four employes. The boys' reform school was permanently located at Eldora, Hardin County, in 1872. For the three years previous it was kept at the building of the Iowa Manual Labor In- stitute at Salem, Henry County. Only boys between seven and sixteen years of age are admitted. Credit of time for good conduct is given, so that occasionally one is discharged before he is of age. There are now (1885) 201 pupils here. The "girls' department" is at Mitchell- ville, similarly managed. Inmates, eighty- three. The State Historical Society is in part supported by the State, the Governor ap- pointing nine of the eighteen curators. This society was provided for in connection with the University, by legislative act of January 28, 1857, an d it has published a series of valuable collections, and a large number of finely engraved portraits of prominent and early settlers. The State Agricultural Society is con- ducted under the auspices of the State, and is one of the greatest promoters of the welfare of the people among all the State organizations. It holds an annual fair at Des Moines, and its proceedings are also published annually, at the expense of the State. The Fish-Hatching House has been sue- ;i5 1 9 M i i • 5 i ■ cessfully carrying on its good work since its establishment in 1874, near Anamosa. Three fish commissioners are appointed, one for each of the three districts into which the State is for the purpose divided. The State Board of Health, established in 1880, has an advisory supervision, and to a limited extent also a police supervision, over the health of the people, — especially with reference to the abatement of those nuisances that are most calculated to pro- mulgate dangerous and contagious diseases. Their publications, which are made at the expense of the State, should be studied by every citizen EDUCATIONAL. The germ of the free public school sys- tem of Iowa, which now ranks second to none in the United States, was planted by the first settlers, and in no other public measure have the people ever since taken so deep an interest. They have expanded and improved their original system until now it is justly considered one of the most complete, comprehensive and liberal in the country. Nor is this to be wondered at when it is remembered that humble log school-houses were built almost as soon as the log cabins of the earliest settlers were occupied, and school-teachers were among the first im- migrants to Iowa. Schools, therefore, the people have had everywhere from the start, and the school-houses, in their character and accommodations, have kept fully abreast with the times. The first school-house within the limits of Iowa was a log cabin at Dubuque, built by J. L. Langworthy and a few other miners, in the autumn of 1833. When it was com- pleted George Cabbage was employed as teacher during the winter of 1833-4, thirty- five pupils attending his school. Barrett Whittemore taught the next school term, with twenty-five pupils in attendance. Mrs. Caroline Dexter commenced teaching in Dubuque in March, 1836. She was the first female teacher there, and probably the first in Iowa. In 1839 Thomas H. Benton, Jr., afterward for ten years Superintendent of Public Instruction, opened an English and classical school in Dubuque. The first tax for the support of schools at Dubuque was levied in 1840. At Burlington a commodious log school- house, built in 1834, was among the first buildings erected. A Mr. Johnson taught the first school in the winter of 1834-5. In Muscatine County, the first school was taught by George Bumgardner, in the spring of 1837. In 1839 a ^°S school-house was erected in Muscatine, which served for a long time as school-house, church and public hall. The first school in Davenport was taught in 1838. In Fairfield, Miss Clarissa Sawyer, James F. Chambers and Mrs. Reed taught school in 1839. Johnson County was an entire wilderness when Iowa City was located as the capital of the Territory of Iowa, in May, 1839. The first sale of lots took place August 18, 1839, an d before January 1, 1840, about twenty families had settled within the limits of the town. During the same year Jesse Berry opened a school in a small frame building he had erected on what is now College street. In Monroe County, the first settlement was made in 1843, D y Mr. John R. Gray, about two miles from the present site of Eddyville ; and in the summer of 1844 a log school-house was built by Gray, William V. Beedle, C. Renfro, Joseph McMullen and Willoughby Randolph, and the first school was opened by Miss Urania Adams. The building was occupied for school pur- poses for nearly ten years. About a year after the first cabin was built at Oskaloosa, a log school-house was built, in which school was opened by Sam- uel W. Caldwell, in 1844. SgiOB M " lM »» Mr " l»" ' l»ii l M"^Mm™MMMS|«'»M"»«"r^ HISTORY OF IOWA. At Fort Des Moines, now the capital of the State, the first school was taught by Lewis Whitten, Clerk of the District Court, in the winter of i846-'7, m one of the rooms on " Coon Row," built for barracks. The first school in Pottawattamie County was opened by George Green, a Mormon, at Council Point, prior to 1849 > an d until about 1854 nearly all the teachers in that vicinity were Mormons. The first school in Decorah was taught in 1855, by Cyrus C. Carpenter, since Gov- ernor of the State. In Crawford County the first school-house was built in Mason's Grove, in 1856, and Morris McHenry first occupied it as teacher. During the first twenty years of the his- tory of Iowa, the log school-house pre- vailed, and in 1861 there were 893 of these primitive structures in use for school pur- poses in the State. Since that time they have been gradually disappearing. In 1865 there were 796; in 1870, 336; and in 1875, 121. In 1846, the year of Iowa's admission as a State, there were 20,000 scholars out of 100,000 inhabitants. About 400 school dis- tricts had been organized. In 1850 there were 1,200, and in 1857 the number had in- creased to 3,265. In March, 1858, upon the recommenda- tion of Hon. M. L. Fisher, then Superin- tendent of Public Instruction, the seventh General Assembly enacted that " each civil township is declared a school district," and provided that these should be divided into sub-districts. This law went into force March 20, 1858, and reduced the number of school districts from about 3,500 to less than 900. This change of school organization resulted in a very material reduction of the expenditures for the compensation of dis- trict secretaries and treasurers. An effort was made for several years, from 1867 to 1872, to abolish the sub-district system. Mr. Kissell, Superintendent, recommended 14 this in his report of January 1, 1872, and Governor Merrill forcibly endorsed his views in his annual message. But the Legislature of that year provided for the formation of independent districts from the sub-districts of district townships. The system of graded schools was in- augurated in 1849, an d new schools, in which more than one teacher is employed, are universally graded. Teachers' institutes were organized early in the history of the State. The first offi- cial mention of them occurs in the annual report of Hon. Thomas H. Benton, Jr., made December 2, 1850, who said: "An institution of this character was organized a few years ago, composed of the teachers of the mineral regions of Illinois, Wisconsin and Iowa. An association of teachers has also been formed in the county of Henry, and an effort was made in October last to organize a regular institute in the county of Jones." No legislation, however, was held until March, 1858, when an act was passed au- thorizing the holding of teachers' institutes for periods not less than six working days, whenever not less than thirty teachers should desire. The superintendent was authorized to expend not exceeding $100 for any one institute, to be paid out by the county superintendent, as the institute may direct, for teachers and lecturers, and $1,- 000 was appropriated to defray the expenses of these institutes. Mr. Fisher at once pushed the matter of holding institutes, and December 6, 1858, he reported to the Board of Education that institutes had been ap- pointed in twenty counties within the pre- ceding six months, and more would have been held but the appropriation had been exhausted. At the first session of the Board of Education, commencing December 6, 1858, a code of school laws was enacted, which retained the existing provisions for teachers' institutes. In March, i860, the , General Assembly amended the act of the board by appropriating " a sum not ex- ceeding $50 annually for one such institute, held as provided by law in each county." In 1865 the superintendent, Mr. Faville, re- ported that "the provision made by the State for the benefit of teachers' institutes has never been so fully appreciated, both by the people and the teachers, as during the last two years." Under this law an in- stitute is held annually in each county, under the direction of the county superin- tendent. By an act approved March 19, 1874, nor- mal institutes were established in each county, to be held annually by the county superintendent. This was regarded as a very decided step in advance by Mr. Aber- nethy, and in 1876 the General Assembly established the first permanent State Nor- mal School at Cedar Falls, Black Hawk County, appropriating the building and property of the Soldiers' Orphans Home at that place for that purpose. This school is now " in the full tide of successful ex- periment." Funds for the support of the public schools are derived in several ways. The sixteenth section of every congressional township was set apart by the General Government for school purposes, being one thirty-sixth part of all the lands of the State. The minimum price of these lands was fixed at $1.25 per acre. Congress also made an additional donation to the State of 500,000 acres, and an appropriation of 5 per cent, on all the sales of public lands to the school fund. The State gives to this fund the proceeds of the sales of all lands which escheat to it; the proceeds of all fines for the violation of the liquor and criminal laws. The money derived from these sources constitutes the permanent school fund of the State, which cannot be diverted to any other purpose. The pen- alties collected by the courts for fines and forfeitures go to the school fund in the counties where collected. The proceeds of the sale of lands and the 5 per cent, fund go into the State Treasury, and the State distributes these proceeds to the several counties according to their request. In 1844 there were in the State 4,339 school districts, containing 11,244 schools, and employing 21,776 teachers. The aver- age monthly pay of male teachers was $32.50, and of female teachers $27.25. There were 594,730 persons of school age, of whom 431,513 were enrolled in the public schools. The average cost of tuition for each pupil per month was $1.62. The expenditures for all school purposes was $5,129,819.49. The permanent school fund is now $3,547,- 123.82, on which the income for 1881 was $234,622.40. Besides the State University, Agricult- ural College and Normal School, described on preceding pages, ample provision for higher education has been made by the different religious denominations, assisted by local and individual beneficence. There are, exclusive of State institutions, twenty- three universities and colleges, and one hundred and eleven academies and other private schools for the higher branches. All these are in active operation, and most of them stand high. Amity College, located at College Springs, Page County, has eight instructors and two hundred and forty-five students. Burlington University, eight instructors and forty-three pupils. Callanan College, at Des Moines, has eighteen in the faculty and one hundred and twenty students enrolled. Central University, at Pella, Marion County, is under the auspices of the Baptist church, and has eleven in the faculty and one hundred and two students. Coe' College, at Cedar Rapids, has a faculty of ten, and an attendance of one hundred and ninety-nine. Cornell College, Methodist Episcopal, at Mt. Vernon, Linn County, has eighteen members of the faculty and four hundred and seventy-nine scholars. This is a strong institution. Drake University, at Des Moines, has thirty instructors and three hundred and twenty-five pupils. Griswold College, at Davenport, is under the control of the Episcopal church, and has seven instructors and seventy-five stu- dents. Iowa College, at Grinnell, is permanently endowed. • Has fourteen instructors and three hundred and eighty-four students. Iowa Wesleyan University (Methodist Episcopal), at Mt. Pleasant, has six mem- bers of the faculty and one hundred and seventy-five students. Luther College, at Decorah, Winneshiek County, has a faculty of ten, and one hun- dred and sixty-five pupils. Oskaloosa College has a faculty of five, and one hundred and thirty-five students. Penn College, at Oskaloosa, has a faculty of five members, and one hundred and forty pupils in attendance. Simpson Centenary College, at Indianola, Warren County (Methodist Episcopal), has a faculty of seven and an attendance of two hundred. Tabor College, at Tabor, Fremont County, modeled after the Oberlin (Ohio) College, has twelve members in the faculty and an attendance of two hundred and ten scholars. University of Des Moines has five in- structors and fifty pupils. Upper Iowa University (Methodist Epis- copal), located at Fayette, in Fayette County, has eleven instructors and three hundred and fifty students. Whittier College, at Salem, Henry County, is under the auspices of the Friends. There are two instructors and sixty pupils. When Wisconsin Territory was organ- ized in 1836, the entire population of that portion of the Territory now embraced in the State of Iowa was 10,531. The Terri- tory then embraced two counties, Dubuque and Des Moines, erected by the Territory of Michigan in 1834. Since then the counties have increased to ninety-nine, and the population in 1880 was 1,624,463. The following table will show the population at different periods since the erection of Iowa Territory : Year. 1S38. . 1840. . 1844. . 1846. . 1847.. 1849.. 1850. . 1851.. 1852.. 1854- • 185S. . Population 22,589 •■•• 43,"5 7S.IS2 .... 97,588 ....116,651 152,988 191,982 204,774 230,713 326,013 ....519,055 Year Population i859 638,775 'f, 60 674.913 l8 63 70J.732 1865 75°.699 1867 902,040 1869 1,040,819 1870 i.i9'.7 2 7 l8 73 1.251,333 1875 1.366,000 1880 1,624463 The most populous county is Dubuque — 42,997. Polk County has 42,395, and Scott, 41,270. Not only in population, but in everything contributing to the growth and greatness of a .State, has Iowa made rapid progress. In a little more than thirty-five years its wild but beautiful prairies have advanced from the home of the savage to a highly civilized commonwealth. The first railroad across the State was completed to Council Bluffs in January, 1 87 1. The completion of three others scon followed. In 1854 there was not a mile of railroad in Iowa. Within the succeeding twenty years, 3,765 miles were built and put in successful operation. The present value of buildings for our State institutions is as follows : State Capitol $2,500,000 State University. 400,000 Agricultural Col. and Farm 300,000 Inst, for the Blind 150,000 Institution for the Deaf and Dumb 225,000 Institutions for the Insane $1,149,000 Orphans' Hume.. 62,000 Penitentiaries 408,000 Normal School. . 50,000 Reform School. . 90,000 ■■-■-■-■■ ■ "g|JgSTS»^— mmmtm ■■■■■■■-■5"snr"«"n"«i 'S8 HISTORT OF IOWA. The State has never levied more than two and one-half mills on the dollar for State tax, and this is at present the consti- tutional limit. Iowa has no State debt. Whatever obli- gations have been incurred in the past have been promptly met and fully paid. Many of the counties are in debt, but only four of them to an amount exceeding $100,000 each. The bonded debt of the counties amounts in the aggregate to $2,592,222, and the float- ing debt, $153,456; total, $2,745,678. In the language of Judge C. C. Nourse, we feel compelled to say : " The great ulti- mate fact that America would demonstrate is, the existence of a people capable of at- taining and preserving a superior civiliza- tion, with a government self-irriposed, self- administered and self-perpetuated. In this age of wonderful progress, America can exhibit nothing to the world of mankind more wonderful or more glorious than her new States — young empires, born of her own enterprise and tutored at her own political hearth-stone. Well may she say to the monarchies of the Old World, who look for evidence of her regal grandeur and state, ' Behold, these are my jewels !' and may she never blush to add, ' This one in the center of the diadem is Iowa !' " PHYSICAL FEATURES. Iowa, in the highly figurative and ex- pressive language of the aborigines, is said to signify " The Beautiful Land," and was applied by them to this magnificent section of the country between the two great rivers. The general shape of the State is that of a rectangle, the northern and southern boundaries being due east and west lines, and its eastern and western boundaries de- termined by southerly flowing rivers — the Mississippi on the east and the Missouri and the Big Sioux on the west. The width of the State from north to south is over 200 miles, being from the parallel of 43 ° 30' to that of 40 36', or merely three degrees; but this does not include the small angle at the southeast corner. The length of the State from east to west is about 265 miles. The area is 55,044 square miles, nearly all of which is readily tillable and highly fer- tile. The State lies wholly within, and com- prises a part of a vast plain, and there is no mountainous or even hilly country within its borders, excepting the bluffs of the larger rivers. The highest point is near Spirit Lake, and is but 1,200 feet above the lowest, which is in the southeast corner, and is 444 feet above the level of the Gulf of Mexico. The average descent per mile between these two points is four feet, and that from Spirit Lake to the northeast corner of the State, at low-water mark of the Mississippi, is five feet five inches. It has been estimated that about seven- eighths of Iowa was prairie when the white race first settled here. It seems to be a set- tled point in science that the annual fires of the Indians, prevented this western country from becoming heavily timbered. GEOLOGY. Geologists divide the soil of Iowa into three general divisions, which not only possess different physical characters, but also differ in the mode of their origin. These are drift, bluff and alluvial and be- long respectively to the deposits bearing the same names. The drift occupies a much larger part of the surface of the State than both the others. The bluff has the next greatest area of surface. All soil is disintegrated rock. The drift deposit of Iowa was derived to a consider- able extent from the rocks of Minnesota; but the greater part was derived from its own rocks, much of which has been trans- ported but a short distance. In Northern and Northwestern Iowa the drift contains more sand and gravel than elsewhere. In aggggo .■.b.u,i.b,.b.«; m 5 m s m eSmmS *m*MMmSBE£*££mMM*M2SB SB2: HISTORY OF IOWA. Southern Iowa the soil is frequently stiff and clayey. The bluff soil is found only in the western part of the State, and adjacent to Missouri River." Although it contains less than i per cent, of clay in its com- position, it is in no respect inferior to the best drift soil. The alluvial soil is that of the flood plains of the river valleys, or bot- tom lands. That which is periodically flooded by the rivers is of little value for agricultural purposes ; but a large part of it is entirely above the reach of the highest flood, and is very productive. The stratified rocks of Iowa range from the Azoic to the Mesozoic, inclusive ; but the greater portion of the surface of the State is occupied by those of the Palaeozoic age. The table below will show each of these formations in their order : o o K 3 ■£ DgE nan 3 S"SS O CO % a pi o'o o c sr 3 co i-3 8 MJ» o N 3 3 C SftE.? § S I ._, rr » o 3* < >3. < 3FCmS.3 ft 3* f ^ r^ e c o-o en- o o o o 8 o OJ M M M The Sioux quartzite, in the azoic system, is found exposed in natural ledges only upon a few acres in the extreme northwest corner of the State, upon the banks of the Big Sioux River, for which reason the specific name of Sioux quartzite has been given them. It is an intensely hard rock, breaks in splintery fracture, and of a color varying, in different localities, from a light to deep red. The process of metamorphism has been so complete throughout the whole formation that the rock is almost every- where of uniform texture. The dip is four or five degrees to the northward, and the trend of the outcrop is eastward and west- ward. The Potsdam sandstone formation is ex- posed only in a small portion of the north- eastern part of the State. It is only to be seen in the bases of the bluffs and steep valley sides which border the river there. It is nearly valueless for economic purposes. No fossils have been discovered in this for- mation in Iowa. The Lower Magnesian limestone has but little greater geographical extent in Iowa than the Pots :iam sandstone. It lacks a uniformity of texture and stratification, ow- ing to which it is not generally valuable for building purposes. The St. Peter's sandstone formation is remarkably uniform in thickness through- out its known geographical extent, and it occupies a large portion of the northern half of Allamakee County; immediately be- neath the drift. With the exception of the Trenton lime- stone, all the limestones of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in Iowa are magnesian limestone. This formation occupies large portions of Winneshiek and Allamakee counties, and a small part of Clayton. The greater part of it is useless for economic purposes; but there are some compact, even layers that furnish fine material for window caps and sills. 1 m*Sx-3B&BSBSBB&SmZmSi HISTORT OF IOWA. The Galena limestone is the upper for- mation of the Trenton Group. It is 150 miles long and seldom exceeds twelve miles in width. It exhibits its greatest develop- ment in Dubuque County. It is nearly a pure dolomite with a slight admixture of silicious matter ; good blocks for dressing are sometimes found near the top of the 'he'd, although it is usually unfit for such a purpose. This formation is the source of the lead ore of the Dubuque lead mines. The lead region proper is confined to an area of about fifteen miles square in the vicinity of Dubuque. The ore occurs in vertical-fissures, which traverse the rock at regular intervals from east to west ; some is found in those which have a north and south direction. This ore is mostly that known as galena, or sulphuret of lead, very small quantities only of the carbonate being found with it. The surface occupied by the Maquoketa shales is more than 100 miles in length, but is singularly long and narrow, seldom reach- ing more than a mile or two in width. The most northern exposure yet recognized is in the western part of Winneshiek County, while the most southerly is in Jackson County, in the bluffs of the Mississippi. The formation is largely composed of bluish and brownish shales, sometimes slightly arenaceous, sometimes calcareous, which weather into a tenacious clay upon the sur- face, and the soil derived from it is usually stiff and clayey. The area occupied by the Niagara lime- stone is forty and fifty miles in width and nearly 160 miles long from north to south. This formation is entirely a magnesian lime- stone, with a considerable portion of sili- cious matter, in some places, in the form of chert or coarse flint. . A large part of it probably affords the best and greatest amount of quarry rock in the State. The quarries at Anamosa, Le Claire and Farley are all opened in this formation. The area of surface occupied by the Hamilton limestone and shales, is as great' as those by all the formations of both Upper and Lower Silurian age in the. State. Its length is nearly 200 miles, and width from forty to fifty. Portions of it are valuable for economic purposes ; and, having a large geographical extent in the State, is a very important formation. Its value for the pro- duction of hydraulic lime has been demon- strated at Waverly, Bremer County. The heavier and more uniform magnesian beds furnish material for bridge piers and other material requiring strength and durability. A coral occurs near Iowa City, known as " Iowa City marble" and " bird's-eye mar- ble." Of the three groups of formations that constitute the carboniferous, viz., the sub- carboniferous, coal measures and Permian, only the first two are found in Iqwa. The Subcarboniferous group occupies a very large area of surface. Its eastern border passes from the northeastern part of Winnebago County, with considerable di- rectness in a southeasterly direction to the northern part of Washington County. It then makes a broad and direct bend nearly eastward, striking the Mississippi at Mus- catine. The southern and western bound- aries are to a considerable extent the same as that which separates it from the real field. From the southern part of Poca- hontas County it passes southeast to Fort Dodge, thence to Webster City, thence to a point three or four miles northeast of El- dora, in Hardin County, thence southward to the middle of the north line of Jasper County, thence southeastward to Sigour- ney, in Keokuk County, thence to the north- eastern corner of Jefferson County, thence sweeping a few miles eastward to the south- east corner of Van Buren County. Its arc is about 250 miles long and from twenty to fifty miles wide. The most southerly exposure of the Kin- te»E».l»«U»»H<»«»»l»M''M' ^ & nm m m m m m m m u m m m a„* „x m w„ m „ m m m m m a m m m m *„w„*„m m w m tt„w„x m *i xl u m m m m !S ,m m m m m m -M HISTORY OF IOWA. 161 derhook beds is in Des Moines County, near the mouth of Skunk River. The most northerly now known is in the eastern part of Pocahontas County, more than 200 miles distant. The principal exposures of this formation are along the bluffs which border the Mississippi and Skunk rivers, where they form the eastern and northern bound- ary of Des Moines County ; along English River, in Washington County ; along the Iowa River, in Tama, Marshall, Hamlin and Franklin counties, and along the Des Moines River, in Humboldt County. This formation has a considerable economic value, particularly in the northern portion of the region it occupies. In Pocahontas and Humboldt counties it is invaluable, as no other stone except a few boulders are found here. At Iowa Falls the lower division is very good for building purposes. In Marshall County all the limestone to be obtained comes from this formation, and the quarries near Le Grand are very valu- able. At this point some of the layers are finely veined with peroxide of iron, and are wrought into both useful and ornamental objects. In Tama County the oolitic mem- ber is well exposed, where it is manufact- ured into lime. Upon exposure to atmos- phere and frost it crumbles to pieces ; consequently it is not valuable for building purposes.' The Burlington limestone is carried down by the southerly dip of the Iowa rocks, so that it is seen for the last time in this State in the valley of Skunk River, near the southern boundary of Des Moines County ; it has been recognized in the northern part of Washington County, which is the most northerly point that it has been found ; but it probably exists as far north as Marshall County. Much valuable material is afforded by this formation for economic purposes. The upper division furnishes excellent com- mon quarry rock. Geologists are attracted by the great abundance and variety of its fossils — crinoids — now known to be more than 300. The Keokuk limestone formation is to be seen only in four counties : Lee, Van Buren, Henry and Des Moines. In some localities the upper silicious portion is known as the Geode bed ; it is not recognizable in the northern portion of the formation, nor in connection with it where it is exposed, about eighty miles below Keokuk. The geodes of the Geode bed are more or less masses of silex, usually hollow and lined with crystals of quartz ; the outer crust is rough and unsightly, but the crystals which stud the interior are often very beautiful ; they vary in size from the size of a walnut to a foot in diameter. This formation is of great economic value. Large quantities of its stone have been used in the finest structures in the State, among which are the postoffices at Dubuque and Des Moines. The principal quarries are along the banks of the Mississippi, from Keokuk to Nauvoo. The St. Louis limestone is the uppermost of the subcarboniferous group in Iowa. It occupies a small superficial area, consisting of long, narrow strips, yet its extent is very great. It is first seen resting on the Geode division of the Keokuk limestone, near Keo- kuk; proceeding northward, it forms a narrow border along the edge of the coal fields in Lee, Des Moines, Henry, Jeffer- son, Washington, Keokuk and Mahaska counties; it is then lost sight of until it appears again in the banks of Boone River, where it again passes out of view under the Coal Measures, until it is next seen in the banks of the Des Moines, near Fort Dodge. As it exists in Iowa, it consists of three tolerably distinct sub-divisions : The mag- nesian, arenaceous and calcareous. The upper division furnishes excellent material for quicklime, and when quarries are well opened, as in the northwestern part of Van Buren County, large blocks are obtained. The sandstone, or middle division, is of HISTORY OF IOWA. little value. The lower, or magnesian di- vision, furnishes a valuable and durable stone, exposures of which are found on Lick Creek, in Van Buren County, and on Long Creek, seven miles west of Burlington. The Coal Measure group is properly divided into three formations, viz.: The Lower, Middle and Upper Coal Measures, each having a vertical thickness of about 200 feet. The Lower Coal Measures exist eastward and northward of the Des Moines River, and also occupy a large area west- ward and southward of that river, but their southerly dip passes them below the Middle Coal Measures at no great distance from the river. This formation possesses greater economic value than any other in the whole State. The clay that underlies almost every bed of coal furnishes a large amount of ma- terial for potter's use. The sandstone of these measures is usually soft and unfit, but in some places, as in Red Rock in Marion County, blocks of large dimensions are ob- tained, which make good building material, samples of which can be seen in the State Arsenal, at Des Moines. The Upper Coal Measures occupy a very large area, comprising thirteen whole counties, in the southwestern part of the State. By its northern and eastern bound- aries it adjoins the area occupied by the Middle Coal Measures. The next strata in the geological series are of the Cretaceous age. They are found in the western half of the State, and do not dip, as do all the other formations upon which they rest, to the southward and west- ward, but have a general dip of their own to the north of westward, which, however, is very slight. Although the actual ex- posures of cretaceous rocks are few in Iowa, there is reason to believe that nearly all the western half of the State was originally occupied by them ; but they have been removed by denudation, which has taken place at two separate periods. ^ ■ ■ ■ ■■■■.- ■ - ■ ■■ ■"■■g«^»iSW M W M W M » M M M W,IB m M„M,W M M M M,»a WSggl The Nishnabotany sandstone has the most easterly and southerly extent of the cre- taceous deposits of Iowa, reaching the southeastern part of Guthrie County and the southern part of Montgomery County. To the northward, it passes beneath the Woodbury sandstones and shales, the latter passing beneath the chalky beds. This sandstone is, with few exceptions, valueless for economic purposes. The chalky beds rest upon the Wood- bury sandstone and shales. They have not been observed in Iowa except in the bluffs which border the Big Sioux River in Wood- bury and Plymouth counties. They are composed almost entirely of calcareous ma- terial, the upper portion of which is exten- sively used for lime. No building material can be obtained from these beds, and the only value they possess, except lime, are the marls, which at some time may be use- ful on the soil of the adjacent region. Extensive beds of peat exist in Northern Middle Iowa, which, it is estimated, contain the following areas : Cerro Gordo County, 1,500 acres; Worth, 2,000; Winnebago, 2,- 000; Hancock, 1,500; Wright, 500; Kos- suth, 700; Dickinson, 80. Several other counties contain peat beds, but the peat is inferior to that in the northern part of the State. The beds are of an average depth of four feet. It is estimated that each acre of these beds will furnish 250 tons of dry fuel for each foot in depth. At present this peat is not utilized ; but owing to its great distance from the coal fields and the absence of timber, the time is coming when its value will be fully realized. The only sulphate of the alkaline earths of any economic value is gypsum, and it may be found in the vicinity of Fort Dodge in Webster County. The deposit occupies a nearly central position in the county, the Des Moines River running nearly centrally through it, along the valley sides of which the gypsum is seen in the form of ordinary ' m ~ m " m "m ^m*^ ' m «m^ m m m m„ m m ms^ ^a^^ m W! m ui^ia m m m ti„ m m Bi m m^m ^m^m „ m „ «i a , n a m , . n HISTORY OF IOWA. 163 rock cliff and ledges, and also occurring abundantly in similar positions along both sides of the valleys of the smaller streams and of the numerous ravines coming into the river valley. The most northerly known limit of the deposit is at a point near the mouth of Lizard Creek, a tributary of the Des Moines River and almost adjoining the town of Fort Dodge. The most southerly point at which it has been exposed is about six miles, by way of the river, from the northerly point mentioned. The width of the area is unknown, as the gypsum be- comes lost beneath the overlying drift, as one goes up the ravines and minor valleys. On either side of the creeks and ravines which come into the valley of the Des Moines River, the gypsum is seen jutting out from beneath the drift in the form of ledges and bold quarry fronts, having al- most the exact appearance of ordinary lime- stone exposures, so horizontal and regular its lines of stratification, and so similar in color is it to some varieties of that rock. The principal quarries now opened are on Two Mile Creek, a couple of miles below Fort Dodge. Epsomite, or native Epsom salts, having been discovered near Burlington, all the sulphates of alkaline earths of natural origin have been recognized in Iowa, all except the sulphate of lime being in very small quantity. Sulphate of lime in the various forms of fibrous gypsum, selenite and small, amor- phous masses, has also been discovered in various formations in different parts of the State, including the Coal Measure shales near Fort Dodge, where it exists in small quantities, quite independently of the great gypsum of deposit there. The quantity of gypsum in these minor deposits is always too small to be of any practical value, usually occurring in shales and shaly clays, associated with strata that contain more or less sulphuret of iron. • Gypsum has thus 15 been detected in the Coal Measures, the St. Louis limestone, the Cretaceous strata, and also in the dead caves of Dubuque. Sulphate of strontia is found at Fort Dodge. CLIMATE. The greatest objection to the climate of this State is the prevalence of wind, which is somewhat greater than in the States south and east, but not so great as farther west. The air is purer than either east or south, as indicated by the bluer sky and conse- quent deeper green vegetation, and is therefore more bracing. By way of con- trast, Northern Illinois has a whiter sky and a consequent more yellowish green vegetation. The prevailing direction of the wind is from the west. Thunder-storms are somewhat more vio- lent here than east or south, but not so furious as toward the Rocky Mountains. The greatest rainfall is in the southeastern part of the State, and the least in the north- western portion. The increase of timber growth is increasing the amount of rain, as well as distributing it more evenly through- out the year. As elsewhere in the North- western States, easterly winds bring rain and snow, while westerly ones clear the sky. While the highest temperature occurs here in August, the month of July averages the hottest, and January the coldest. The mean temperature of April and October nearly corresponds to the mean temperature of the year, as well as to the seasons of spring and fall, while that of summer and winter is best represented by August and Decem- ber. Indian summer is delightful and well prolonged. Untimely frosts sometimes oc- cur, but seldom severely enough to do great injury. The wheat crop being a staple product of this State, and not injured at all by frost, this great resource of the State continues intact. 164 HIS TORT OF IOWA. CENSUS OF IOWA. COUNTIES. Adair Adams Allamakee.. . Appanoose . . Audubon Benton Black Hawk. Boone Bremer Buchanan . . . Buena Vista.. Butler Calhoun Carroll Cass Cedar Cerro Gordo. Cherokee Chickasaw. . . Clarke Clay Clayton Clinton Crawford Dallas Davis Decatur Delaware Des Moines.. Dickinson. . . Dubuque Emmett Fayette Floyd Franklin Fremont Greene Grundy Guthrie , Hamilton Hancock Hardin Harrison Henry Howard Humboldt Ida Iowa Jackson Jasper Jefferson Johnson Jones Keokuk Kossuth Lee Linn Louisa Lucas Lyon Madison Mahaska Marion Marshall Mills 1850 777 3,131 5i7 3,94' 709 "3,873 2,822 ' ' '8.S4 7,264 965 ',759 12,988 1,244 i860. 8,707 822 7,210 1,280 9,9°4 4,47 2 3,007 4,822 '18,86 1 S.444 4,939 47i i,i79 5 989 S482 338 • 984 i,533 12,237 ",93i 454 8,496 8,244 4,232 4,9i5 7,906 57 3,724 '47 281 1,612 I2 ,949 940 58 4,336 5,427 52 20,728 18,938 383 5,244 13,764 8,677 11,024 19,611 180 31,164 105 12,073 3,744 1,309 5,o74 •,374 793 3,058 1,699 179 5,440 3,621 18,701 3,168 332 n 43 8,029 J 8,493 9,883 15,038 '7,573 13,306 13,271 416 29,232 i8,947 '0,370 5,766 7,339 14,816 16 813 6,015 4,481, 1870. 3,982 4,614 17,868 16,456 1,21 22,454 21,706 14,584 12,528 1 7,034 1,585 9,95' 1,602 2,45 5,464 I9.73I 4,722 1,967 io,t8o 8,735 1,5^3 27,771 35,357 2,530 12,019 15,565 12,018 1 7,432 27,256 1,389 38,969 1,392 16,973 10,768 4.7." ",174 4,627 6,399 7,061 6,055 999 13,684 8,93i 21,463 6,282 2,596 226 16,664 22,619 22,116 17,839 24,898 i9,73i 19,434 3,35 1 37,2io 28,852 '2,877 10,388 221 13,884 22,508 24,436 17,576 8,718 1880. 11,199 11,188 1 9,791 16,636 7,448 24,888 23,913 20,838 14,081 i8,547 7,537 M, 2 93 5595 i2,35i 16,943 i8.937 11,461 8,240 M-534 11,512 4,248 26,829 36,764 12,413 18,746 16,468 15,336 17,952 33,o99 1,901 42,997 i,55o 22,258 14,677 10,248 17,653 ",725 12,639 14,863 11,252 3,453 17,808 16,649 20,826 10,837 6,34i 4,382 19,221 23,77i 25,962 17,478 25,429 21,052 21,259 6,179 34,859 37,235 13,146 14,530 1,968 17,225 25,201 25,1" 23,752 COUNTIES. Mitchell Monona Monroe Montgomery. . Muscatine O'Brien Osceola Page Palo Alto Plymouth Pocahontas. . . . Polk Pottawattamie. Poweshiek Ringgold Sac Scott Shelby Sioux Story Tama Taylor Union Van Buren. . . . Wapello Warren Washington Wayne Webster Winnebago. .. Winneshiek Woodbury Worth Wright Total 1850. i860. 5,731 55i 4,513 7,828 615 5,986 12,270 8,47i 961 4,957 340 546 192,214 3,409 832 8,612 1,256 16,444 5,668 2,9 2 3 246 25,959 818 10 4P5 « 5,285 3,590 2,OI2 l7,o8l 10,281 "4,235 6,409 2,504 16S 13,942 1,119 756 653 1870. 9,582 3,654 12,724 5,934 21,688 715 9,975 1,336 2,199 1,446 27,857 16,893 15,581 5,691 1,411 38,509 2,549 57o 11,651 16,131 6,989 5,986 17,672 22,346 17,980 18.952 11,287 10,484 1,562 23,570 6,172 2,892 2,392 6 74,9'3 1, '91,792 1,624,463 1880. 14,361 9,055 i3,7'9 15,895 23,168 4.155 2,219 19,667 4,131 8,567 3,7i3 42,395 39,846 • 18,936 j 2,08 5 8,77+ 41,270 12,696 5.426 16,966 21,585 15.635 14,980 17,042 25,282 19,578 20,375 16,127 15,950 4,9i7 23,937 14,997 7,953 5,062 TERRITORIAL OFFICERS. Governors. — Robert Lucas, 1838-41; John Chamber, 1841-45 ; James Clark, 1845. Secretaries. — Wm. B. Conway, 1838, died 1839; James Clark, 1839-41; O. H. W. Stull, 1841-43; Samuel J. Burr, 1843-45 ; Jesse Williams, 1845. Auditors. — Jesse Williams, i840-'43; Will- iam L. Gilbert, 1843-45; Robert M. Secrest, 1845. Treasurers. — Thornton Bay lie, 1839-40; Morgan Reno, 1840. Judges. — Charles Mason, Chief Justice, 1838; Joseph Williams, 1838; Thomas S. Wilson, 1838. Presidents of Council. — Jesse B. Brown, 1838-49; Stephen Hempstead, 1839-40; M. Bainridge, 1840- '41; J. W. Parker, 1 841-42; John D. Elbert, 1842-43 ; Thomas Cox, ids HISTORT OF IOWA. 1843-44; S. Clinton Hasting, 1845; Stephen Hempstead, i845-'46. Speakers of the House. — William H. Wal- lace, 1838-39; Edward Johnson, 1839-40; Thomas Cox, 1840-31 ; Warner Lewis, 1841-42; James M. Morgan, i842-'43; James P. Carleton, 1843-44; James M.Morgan, 1845 ; George W. McLeary, 1845-46. STATE OFFICERS. Governors. — Ansel Briggs, 1846-50; Stephen Hempstead, 1850-54; James W. Grimes, 1854-58; Ralph P. Lowe, 1858- '60; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1860-64; Will- iam M. Stone, 1864-68; Samuel Morrill, 1868-72; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1872-76; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1876-77; J. G. New- bold, 1877-78; John H. Gear, 1878-82; Buren R. Sherman, 1882-86 ; William Lar- rabee, 1886. Lieutenant-Governors. — Oran Faville,i858- '60; Nicholas J. Rusch, i86o-'62; John R. Needham, 1862-64; Enoch W. Eastman, 1864-66; Benjamin F. Gue, i866-'68; John Scott, 1868-70; M. M. Walden, 1 870-72 ; H. C. Bulis, 1872-74; Joseph Dysart, 1874-76; Joshua G. Newbold, 1876-78; Frank T. Campbell, 1878-82; Orlando H. Manning, 1882-85 5 John A. T. Hull, 1886. This office was created by the new con- stitution Sept. 3, 1857. Secretaries of State. — Elisha Cutter, Jr., i846-'48; Joseph H. Bonney, 1848-50; George W. McCleary, i85o-'s6; Elijah Sells, i856-'63; James Wright, 1863-67; Ed. Wright, i867-'73 ; Josiah T. Young, 1873-79; J- A. T. Hull, 1879-85; Franklin D. Jackson, 1885. Auditors of State. — Joseph T. Fales, i846-'5o ; William Pattee, i85o-'54; Andrew J. Stevens, 1854-55 ; John Pattee, 1855-59 ; Jonathan W. Cattell, i859-'65 ; John A. Elliott, 1865-71 ; John Russell, 1871-75 ; Buren R. Sherman, 1875-81; Wm. V. Lucas, 1 88 1 ; John L. Brown, 1882-83 ; J. W. Cattell, acting, 1885-86. Treasurers of State. — Morgan Reno, i846-'5o; Israel Kister, i85o-'52; Martin L. Morris, 1852-59; John W.Jones, i85o-'63 ; William H. Holmes, 1863-67 ; Samuel E. Rankin, 1867-73 ; William Christy, 1873- '77; George W. Bemis, 1877-81; Edwin H. Conger, 1881— '85 ; Voltaire Twombly, 1885. Attorney-Generals. — David C. Cloud, 1853— '56 ; Samuel A. Rice, i856-'6o; Charles C. Nourse, 1860-64; Isaac L. Allen, 1865- '66; Frederick E. Bissell, i866-'67; Henry O'Connor, 1867-72 ; Marcena E. Cutts, 1872-76; John F. Mcjunkin, 1877-81; Smith McPherson, 1881-85 ; A. J. Baker, 1885. Adjutant-Generals. — Daniel S. Lee, 1851- '55; George W. McCleary, 1855-57; Eli- jah Sells, 1857; Jesse Bowen, i857-'6i ; Na- thaniel Baker, 1861-77; John H. Looby, 1877-78; W. L, Alexander, i878-'84. Registers of the State Land-Office. — Anson Hart, 1855-57 ; Theodore S. Parvin, 1857- '59; Amos B. Miller, i859-'62 ; Edwin Mitchell, 1862-63; Josiah A. Harvey, 1863-67; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1867-71; Aaron Brown, 1871— '75 ; David Secor, 1875-79; J. K. Powers, 1879-82* Superintendents of Public Instruction. — James Harlan, i847-'48; Thos. H. Benton, Jr., 1848-54; James D. Eads, 1854-57, Joseph C. Stone, 1857; Maturity L. Fisher, 1857-58; Oran Faville, 1864-67; D.Frank- lin Wells, i867-'68 ; A. S. Kissell, i868-'72; Alonzo Abernethy, 1 872-76 ; Carl W. Van Coelen, i876-'82; John W. Akers, 1882-84. This office was created in 1847 and abol- ished in 1858, and the duties then devolved upon the secretary of the Board of Educa- tion; it was re-created March 23, 1864. State Printers. — Garrett D. Palmer and George Paul, i84Q-'5i ; William H. Merritt, 1851-53; William A. Hornish, 1853 ; Den- *Office abolished January i, 1883, and duties devolved on the Secretary of State. HISTORY OF IOWA. nis A. Mahoney and Joseph B. Dorr, 1853— '55 ; Peter Moriarty, 1855-57 I J ohn Tees- dale, 1857-61 ; Francis W. Palmer, 1861- '69; Frank M. Mills, i86 9 -'7i ; G. W. Ed- wards, 1871-73 ; Rich. P. Clarkson, 1873- '79; Frank M. Mills, 1879-81; Geo. E. Roberts, 1881. State Binders. — William M. Coles, 1855- '58 ; Frank M. Mills, 1858-67 ; James S. Carter, 1867-71 ; J.J. Smart, 1871-75 ; H. A. Perkins, 1875-79 ! Matt. Parrott, 1879- '85 ; L. S. Merchant, 1885. Secretaries of Board of Education. — T. H. Benton, Jr., i85o-'63 ; Oran Faville, i863-'64. This office was abolished March 23, 1864. Presidents of the Senate. — Thomas Baker, i846-'47; Thomas Hughes, i847-'48; John J. Selman, i848-'49; Enos Lowe, i849-'5i ; Wm. E. Leffingwell, i85i-'53; Maturn L. Fisher, 1 853-' 5 5 ; Wm. W. Hamilton, 1855- '57- Under the new Constitution the Lieuten- ant-Governor is President of the Senate. Speakers of the House. — Jesse B. Brown, 1846-48; Smiley H. Bonham, 1848-50; George Temple, i850-'52 ; James Grant, i852-'54; Reuben Noble, 1854-56; Samuel McFarland, 1856-57; Stephen B. Sheledy, 1857-59; John Edwards, 1859-61; Rush Clark, 1861-63; Jacob Butler, 1863-65; Ed. Wright, 1865-67; John Russell, '1867-69; Aylett R. Cotton, 1869-71 ; James Wilson, 1871-73 ; John H. Geer, 1873-77; John Y. Stone, 1877-79; LoreAlford, 1880-81; G. R. Struble, i882-'83; Wm. P. Wolf, 1884; Albert Head, 1886. Chief Justices of the Supreme Court. — Charles Mason, 1847;, Joseph Williams, 1847-48; S. Clinton Hastings, 1848-49; Joseph Williams, 1 849-' 5 5 ; George G. Wright, 1855-60; Ralph P. Lowe, i86o-'62; Caleb Baldwin, 1862-64; George G. Wright, 1864-66; Ralph P. Lowe, 1866- '68 ; John F. Dillon, 1868-70 ; Chester C. Cole, 1870-71; James G. Day, 1871-72: Joseph M. Beck, 1872-74; W. E, Miller, 1874-76; Chester C. Cole, 1876; Wm. H. Seevers, 1876-77 ; James G. Day, 1877-7S; James H. Rothrock, 1878-83 and '84; Joseph M. Beck, i879-'8o and '85; Austin Adams, i88o-'8i and '86; Wm. H. Seevers, 1882. Associate Justices. — Joseph Williams, held over from territorial government until a successor was appointed ; Thomas S. Wil- son, 1847; John F. Kinney, 1847-54; George Greene, 1847-55; Jonathan C. Hall, 1854- '55; William G.Woodward, 1855 ; Norman W. Isbell, 1855-56; Lacon D. Stockton, 1856-60; Caleb Baldwin, i86o-'64; Ralph P. Lowe, i860; George G. Wright, i860; John F. Dillon, 1864-70 ; Chester C. Cole, 1864-77; Joseph M. Beck, 1868; W. E. Miller, 1870; James G. Day, 1870. , United States Senators. — Augustus C. Dodge, 1848-55 ; George W. Jones, 1848- '59; James Harlan, 1855-65; James W. Grimes, i859-'69; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1866; James Harlan, 1867-73; James B. Howell, 1870; George G. Wright, 1871- '77; William B. Allison, 1873-79; Samuel J. Kirkwood, 1877-81; Wm. B. Allison, 1879-85 ; James W. McDill, 1881 ; James F. Wilson, 1883. Present State Officers (1886). — Governor, William Larrabee ; Secretary of State, Frank D. Jackson ; Auditor of State, J. W. Cattell, acting ; Treasurer, Voltaire Twom- bly ; Superintendent Public Instruction, John W. Akers ; Printer, George E. Rob- erts; Binder, L. S. Merchant; Adjutant- General, W. L. Alexander • Librarian, Mrs. S. B. Maxwell. Supreme Court. — William H. Seevers, Chief Justice, Oskaloosa; James G. Day, Sidney, James H. Rothrock, Tipton, Joseph M. Beck, Fort Madison, Austin Adams, Dubuque, Judges; A. J. Baker, Attorney- General. ^« M ^ B _« m W^II I ., l llli in^ M " M '» < Bl».»« » reg M "^ i ^^^SSS!^"*"""*"''" Bi '°°****"*"*"*"*"*"*"*°*"* T '''' *"* 1 "'' ° B ' I ■I %t MM a! $ ,_ ^x& fj — ROBERT LUCAS. .71 y§^2^^^!^^^^2 ■^mi OBERT LUCAS, the first Governor of Iowa Ter- ritory, was the fourth son and ninth child of William and Susan, nah Lucas, and was born April 1, 1781, in Jefferson Valley, at Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, Virginia, a few miles from Harper's Ferry, where his ancestors settled before the Rev- olution. His father, who was descended from William Penn, was born January 18, 1743, and his mother, of Scotch extrac- tion, was born October 8, 1745. They were married about the year 1760, and reared a family of six sons and six daughters. His father, who had served as a Captain in the Continental army during the Revolutionary war, and had distinguished himself at the battle of Bloody Run, emigrated with his family to Scioto County, Ohio, early in the present century. At the time of this removal Robert was a young man. He had obtained his educa- tion chiefly in Virginia, from an old Scotch schoolmaster named McMullen, who taught him mathematics and surveying. The latter afforded him remunerative employment im- mediately upon his entrance into Ohio. He was married at Portsmouth, Ohio, April 3, 1 810, to Elizabeth Brown, who died October 18, 181 2, leaving an infant daugh- ter, who afterward became Mrs. Minerva E. B. Sumner. March 7, 1816, he formed a second matrimonial connection ; this time with Friendly A. Sumner, who bore to him four sons and three daughters. The first public office held by Robert Lucas was that of County Surveyor of Sci- oto County, the commission from Governor Edward Tiffin, of Ohio, appointing him such being dated December 26, 1803. Decem- ber 16, 1805, he was commissioned by Governor Tiffin justice of the peace for three years. His first military appointment was that of Lieutenant of militia, by virtue of which he was authorized to raise twenty men to assist in filling Ohio's quota ,of 500 volunteers called for by the President in view of possible difficulties with the Spanish. He was subsequently promoted through all the military grades to Major Gen- eral of Ohio militia, which latter rank was conferred upon him in 1818. He was a Brigadier-General on the breaking out of the war of 18 12, and had much to do with raising troops. He was appointed a Captain in the regular army, but before his commission reached him he was already in active service, scouting, spying, carrying a musket in the ranks and in other useful capacities. After Hull's surrender he was paroled and returned to Ohio. He was in the course of time made a Lieutenant-Colonel, and then a Colonel, from which position he resigned. He served in numerous civil offices in Ohio, and at the time of his second marriage, in 1816, he was and had been for some time a member of the Ohio Legislature, serving successively for nineteen years in one or the other branch, and in the course of his leg- islative career presiding over first one and then the other branch. In 1820 and again in 1828, he was chosen one of the Presidential electors of Ohio. In May, 1832, at Baltimore, Maryland, he presided over the first Democratic National Con- vention — that which nominated Andrew Jackson for his second term as President, and Martin Van Buren for Vice Presi- dent. In 1832 he was elected Governor of Ohio, and re-elected in 1 834. He declined a third nomination for the same office. Under the act of Congress to divide tne Territory of Wisconsin and to establish the territorial government of Iowa, approved June 12, 1838, the subject of this sketch was appointed Governor of the new Territory, and he immediately accepted the responsi- bility. A journey from the interior of Ohio to the banks of the Upper Mississippi was then a matter of weeks ; so that, although Governor Lucas set out from his home on the 25th of July, delaying on his route a few days at Cincinnati, to arrange, for the selection of the books for a territorial library, it was not till nearly the middle of August that he reached Burlington, then the temporary seat of government. The first official act of Lucas as Gov- ernor of Iowa was to issue a proclamation dated August 13, 1838, dividing the Terri- tory into eight representative districts, ap- portioning the members of the Council and House of Representatives among the nine- teen counties then composing the Terri- tory, and appointing the second Monday in September ensuing for the election of members of the Legislative Assembly and a delegate to Congress. His first message to the Legislature, after its organization, was dated November 12, 1838, and related chiefly to a code of laws for the new com- monwealth. He opposed imprisonment for debt, favored the death penalty for murder (executions to be in the presence of only the Sheriff and a suitable number of wit- nesses), and strenuously urged the organi- zation of a liberal system of common schools. The organization of the militia was also one of his pet measures. There was a broad difference between the views of a majority of this Legislative Assembly and the Governor, on many questions of public policy, as well as points of authority. This resulted in the sending to the Presi- dent of a memorial, dated January 12, 1839, signed by eight of the council and seven of the Representatives, praying the re- moval of Governor Lucas. In addition to this, a memorial for the Governor's re- moval was passed by both Houses, signed in due form by their presiding officers, and transmitted to the President. The charges made were met by a protest signed by eight Representatives, and as a result Gov- ernor Lucas was allowed to remain in office until the next change of administration. In 1839 and '40 occurred the well-known boundary dispute with Missouri, which was finally settled in favor of Iowa, by the Supreme Court of the United States. No- vember 5, 1839, Governor Lucas announced that the Territory had advanced in improve- ment, wealth and population (which latter was estimated at 50,000) without a parallel in history, and recommended the necessary legislation preparatory to the formation of a State government. This was overruled by the people, however. Among the latest of Governor Lucas's acts was a proclama- tion dated April 30, 1841, calling the Leg- islature to assemble, for the first time, at Iowa City, the new capitol. March 25, 1841, he was succeeded by John Chambers. He lived a private life near Iowa City until his death, February 7, 1853, at the age of seventy-one years. ^gjg» i i^gf^ ^^g^^ 1 I ; i SIS* 5 i l< 'if JOHN CHAMBERS. I I m ;;: li li ^ 1DHN CHAMBERS: & ^ »' ' '' ' ' ' ' '' '' "'' ' .' '' ■ ' ,' ' .' " " " " " ' * * *» " * * " " ** *» • t%>tg?i%>* '^SSMsMM^MtiMiML (te^ (^(^(^(^•(^"(^(^fa €^<§8| , §§»<^1«3§><§§, , ^I ^m\ XttE third to fill the of- fice of Governor of Iowa, and whose name deserves a fore most rank among the men whose personal his- tory is interwoven insepar- ably with that of the State, was James Wilson Grimes. He was born in the town of Deering, Hillsborough County, New Hampshire, October 20, 18 16. His parents — John Grimes, born August 11, 1772, and Elizabeth Wilson, born March 19, 1773 — were natives of the same town. Of a family of eight children born to them, James was the youngest. In early childhood he evinced a taste for learning, attending the district school and also studying Latin and Greek under the instruction of the village pastor. He completed his preparation for college at Hampton Academy, and entered Dart- mouth College in August, 1832, in the sixteenth year of his age. Upon leaving college in February, 1835, he commenced reading law with James Walker, Esq., in Petersburgh, New Hampshire. Being young and adventurous, and wish- ing to carve a fortune for himself, he left his native home in 1836 for the -far West, landing in Burlington, then a new town in what was known as the " Black Hawk Purchase." Here he opened an office and soon established a reputation as a rising lawyer. In April, 1837, he was appointed city solicitor ; and entering upon the duties of that office he assisted in drawing up the first police laws of that town. In 1838 he was appointed justice of the peace, and be- came a law partner of William W. Chap- man, United States District Attorney for Wisconsin Territory. In the early part of the year 1841 he formed a partnership with Henry W. Starr, Esq., which continued twelve years. This firm stood at the. head of the legal profession in Iowa. Mr. Grimes was widely known as a counselor of supe- rior knowledge of the law, and with a clear sense of truth and justice. He was chosen one of the representatives of Des Moines County in the first Legislative Assembly of the Territory of Iowa, which convened at Burlington, November 12, 1838; in the sixth, at Iowa City, December^ 1843 ; and in the fourth General Assembly of the State, at Iowa City, December 6, 1852. He early took front rank among the pub- lic men of Iowa. He was chairman of the judiciary committee in the House of Rep- resentatives of the first Legislative As- sembly of the Territory, and all laws for the new Territory passed through his hands. iSS GOVERNORS OF IOWA. He was married at Burlington, Novem- ber 9, 1846, to Miss Elizabeth Sarah Neally. In February, 1854, Mr. Grimes was nom- inated by a convention of the Whig party for Governor of the State. It was the largest convention of that party ever held in Iowa, and the last. He was elected, and assumed the duties of the office in Decem- ber, 1854. Soon after his election it was proposed that he should be sent to the United States Senate, but he made it under- stood that he should fill the term of office for which he had been chosen, and he served his full term to the entire satisfac- tion and acceptance of all parties. He was a faithful leader in the political regenera- tion of the State. He introduced liberal measures to develop the resources of the State, and to promote the interests of all educational and humane establish- ments. Up to the time of his election as Governor, Democracy reigned supreme in the Territory. The representatives in Congress were allies of the slave power. He, after being elected, gave his whole soul to the work, and it may truly be said that Governor Grimes made Iowa Repub- lican and allied it with the loyal States. January 14, 1858, he laid down his office, only to be placed in another and greater one ; for on the 25th he was nominated by the Republican caucus for United States Senator. He took his seat in the Senate March 4, 1859, an d was placed upon the committee on naval affairs January 24, 1 86 1, on which he remained during the remainder of his senatorial career, serving as chairman from December, 1864. Mr. Grimes voted for the Pacific Rail- road bill on June 20, 1862, and for estab- lishing the gauge of the road from the Mis- souri River to the Pacific Ocean, at four feet eight and a half inches, February 18, 1863. January 16, 1864, Mr. Grimes was again chosen United States Senator from Iowa for six years from March 4, 1865, receiving the votes of all but six of the members of the General Assembly in joint convention ; 128 out of 134. His council was often sought in matters of great moment, and in cases of peculiar difficulty. Always ready to promote the welfare of the State, he gave, unsolicited, land worth $6,000 to the Congregational college at Grinnell. It constitutes the " Grimes foundation," and " is to be applied to the establishment and maintenance in Iowa College, forever, of four scholarships, to be awarded by the trustees, on the recommendation of the fac- ulty, to the best scholars, and the most promising, in any department, who may need and seek such aid, and without any regard to the religious tenets or opinions entertained by any person seeking either of said scholarships." These terms were imposed by Mr. Grimes and assumed July 20, 1865, by the trustees. He received the honorary degree of LL.D. in 1865 from Dartmouth College, and also from Iowa College. He also aided in founding a public library in Burlington, donating $5,000, which was expended in the purchase of costly books, and subsequently sent from Europe 256 volumes in the German lan- guage, and also contributed 600 volumes of public documents. In January, 1869, he made a donation of $5,000 to Dartmouth College, and $1,000- to the " Social Friend," a literary society of which he was a member when in college. His health failing, Mr. Grimes sailed for Europe April 14, 1869, remaining abroad two years, reaching home September 22, 1871, apparently in improved health and spirits. In November he celebrated his silver wedding, and spent the closing months of his life with his family. He voted at the city election February 5, 1872, was suddenly attacked with severe pains in the region of the heart, and died after a few short hours of intense suffering. ■b'iii'b' ^■■■■■■■■■■ ■a»w /£. U^Lr^^^, RALPH P. LOWE. 191 |HE fourth Governor of the State, and the seventh of Iowa without reference to the form of govern- ment, was Ralph P. Lowe. He was born in Ohio in 1808, and lived just three-fourths of a cent- ury. He came to the Territory of Iowa in 1839 or 1840, when he was a little over thirty years old. He settled in Muscatine, where in a short time he became prominent in local affairs and of recognized ability in questions of public policy. While yet residing in that city, he represented the county of Muscatine in the constitu- tional convention of 1844 that framed the rejected" Constitution. After this constitutional convention, Mr. Lowe took no further part in public mat- ters for a number of years. He removed to Lee County about 1849 or '5°» where he became district judge as a successor to S-eorge H. Williams, who was afterward famous as President Grant's Attorney Gen- eral. He was district judge five years, from 1852 to 1857, being succeeded by Judge Claggett. In the summer of 1857 he was nominated by the Republicans for Governor of Iowa, with Oran Faville for Lieutenant - Governor. The Democracy put in the field Benjamin M. Samuels for Governor and George Gillaspy for Lieu- tenant Governor. There was a third ticket in the field, supported hy the American or " Know Nothing " party, and bearing the names of T. F. Henry and Easton Morris. The election was held in October, 1857, and gave Mr. Lowe 38,498 votes, against 36,088 for Mr. Samuels, and 1,006 for Mr. Henry. Hitherto the term of office had been four years, but by an amendment to the Consti- tution this was now reduced to two. Gov- ernor Lowe was inaugurated January 14, 1858, and at once sent his first message to the Legislature. Among the measures passed by this Legislature were bills to in- corporate the State Bank of Iowa ; to pro- vide for an agricultural college ; to author- ize the business of banking ; disposing of the land grant made by Congress to the Des Moines Valley Railroad ; to provide for the erection of an institution for the education of the blind ; and to provide for taking a State census. No events of importance occurred dur- ing the administration of Governor Lowe, but it was not a period of uninterrupted prosperity. The Governor said in his biennial message of January 10, i860, re- (i viewing the preceding two years: " The period that has elapsed since the last biennial session has been one of great dis- turbing causes, and of anxious solicitude to all classes of our fellow citizens. The first year of this period was visited with heavy and continuous rains, which reduced the measure of our field crops below one-half of the usual product, whilst the financial revulsion which commenced upon the At- lantic coast in the autumn of 1857 did not reach its climax for evil in our borders until the year just past." He referred at length to the claim of the State against the Federal Government, and said that he had appealed in vain to the Secretary of the Interior for the pay- ment of the 5 per cent, upon the military land warrants that the State is justly en- titled to, which then approximated to a million of dollars. The payment of this fund, he said, " is not a mere favor which is asked of the General Government, but a subsisting right which could be enforced in a 'court of justice, was there a tribunal of this kind clothed with the requisite juris- diction." The subject of the Des Moines River grant received from the Governor special attention, and he gave a history of the operations of the State authorities in ref- erence to obtaining the residue of the lands to which the State was entitled, and other information as to the progress of the work. He also remarked " that under the act authorizing the Governor to raise a com- pany of mounted men for defense and pro- tection of our frontier, approved February 9, 1858, a company of thirty such men, known as the Frontier Guards, armed and equipped as required, were organized and mustered into service under the command of Captain Henry B. Martin, of Webster City, about the first of March then follow- ing, and were divided into two companies, one stationed on the Little Sioux River, the other at Spirit Lake. Their presence afforded security and gave quiet to the settlements in that region, and after a ser- vice of four months they were duly dis- banded. " Late in the fall of the year, however, great alarm and consternation was again felt in the region of Spirit Lake and Sioux River settlements, produced by the appear- ance of large numbers of Indians on the border, whose bearing was insolent and menacing, and who were charged with clandestinely running off the stock of the settlers. The most urgent appeals came from these settlers, invoking again the protection of the State. From the repre- sentations made of the imminence of their danger and the losses already sustained, the Governor summoned into the field once more the frontier guards. After a service of four or five months they were again discharged, and paid in the manner prescribed in the act under which they were called out." Governor Lowe was beaten for the renomination by Honorable S. J. Kirkwood, who was considered much the stronger man. To compensate him for his defeat for the second term, Governor Lowe was appointed one of the three judges under the new Constitution. He drew the short term, which expired in 1861, but was returned and served, all told, eight years. He then returned to the practice of law, gradually working into a claim busi- ness at Washington, to which city he re- moved about 1874. In that city he died, on Saturday, December 22, 1883. He had a large family. Carleton, one of his sons, was an officer in the Third Iowa Cavalry during the war. Governor Lowe was a man of detail, accurate and industrious. In private and public life he was pure, upright and honest. In religious faith he was inclined to be a Spiritualist. jHE subject of this brief sketch was the ninth to hold the position of Governor of Iowa, and the sixth to fill the office under the State organization. He held the office four years, from 1864 to 1868. William Milo Stone was born October 14, 1827, a son of Truman and La- vina (North) Stone. His great-grandfather on both sides of the family was in the seven years' struggle for independence. His grandfather, Aaron Stone, was in the second war with England. Truman Stone moved to Lewis County, New York, when the son was a year old, and six 3'ears later to Co- shocton County, Ohio. Like many other self-made men, William M. had few advantages. He never attended a school of any kind more than twelve months. In boyhood he was for two seasons a team-driver on the Ohio Canal. At seven- teen he was apprenticed to the chairmaker's trade, and he followed that business until twenty-three years of age, reading law meantime during his spare hours, wher- ever he happened to be. He commenced at Coshocton, with James Mathews, who afterward became his father-in-law ; con- tinued his readings with General Lucius V. Pierce, of Akron, and finished with Ezra B. Taylor, of Ravenna. He was admitted to the bar in August, 1851, by Peter Hitch- cock and Rufus P. Ranney, supreme judges, holding a term of court at Ravenna. After practicing three years at Coshocton with his old preceptor, James Mathews, he, in November, 1854, settled in Knoxville, which has remained his home since. The year after locating here Mr. Stone pur- chased the Knoxville Journal, and was one of the prime movers in forming the Repub- lican party in Iowa, being the first editor to suggest a State convention, which met February 22, 1856, and completed the or- ganization. In the' autumn of the same year he was a Presidential elector on the Republican ticket. In April, 1857, Mr. Stone was chosen Judge of the Eleventh Judicial District. He was elected judge of the Sixth Judicial District when the new Constitution went into operation in 1858, and was serving on the bench when the American flag was stricken down at Fort Sumter. At that '■■■■■■-■-■-■,»iibW M » M m,»-MS»J«reB5r»ii»gi GOVERNORS OF IOWA. ii \l\ ! a s S! time, April, 1861, he was holding court in Fairfield, Jefferson County, and when the news came of the insult to the old flag he immediately adjourned court and prepared for what he believed to be more important duties — duties to his country. In May he enlisted as a private; was made Captain of Company B, Third Iowa Infantry, and was subsequently promoted to Major. With that regiment he was at the battle of Blue Mills, Missouri, in Sep- tember, 1 861, where he was wounded. At Shiloh, the following spring, he commanded the regiment and was taken prisoner. By order of Jefferson Davis he was paroled for the time of forty days, with orders to re- pair to Washington, and if possible secure an agreement for a cartel for a general ex- change of prisoners, and to return as a prisoner if he did not succeed. Failing to secure that result within the period speci- fied he returned to Richmond and had his parol extended fifteen days ; repairing again to Washington, he effected his pur- pose and was exchanged. In August, 1862, he was appointed by Governor Kirkwood Colonel of the Twen- ty-second Iowa Infantry, which rendez- voused and organized at Camp Pope, Iowa City, in August, 1862. The regiment was occupied for several months in guarding supply stores and the railroad, and escorting supply trains to the Army of the Southeast Missouri until January 27, 1863, when it re- ceived orders to join the army under Gen- eral Davidson, at West Plains, Missouri. After a march of five days it reached its destination, and was brigaded with the Twenty-first and Twenty-third Iowa regi ments, Colonel Stone commanding, and was designated the First Brigade, First Divis- ion, Army of Southeast Missouri. April 1 found Colonel Stone at Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, to assist Grant in the capture of Vicksburg. He was now in immediate command of his regiment, which formed a part of a brigade under Colonel C. L. Harris, of the Eleventh Wisconsin. In the advance upon Port Gibson Colonel Harris was taken sick, and Colonel Stone was again in charge of a brigade. In the battle of Port Gibson the Colonel and his com- mand distinguished themselves, and were successful. The brigade was in the reserve at Champion Hills, and in active skirmish at Black River. On the evening of May 21 Colonel Stone received General Grant's order for a gen- eral assault on the enemy's lines at 10 A. M. on the 22d. In this charge, which was unsuccessful, Colonel Stone was again wounded, receiving a gunshot in his left forearm. Colonel Stone commanded a brigade until the last of August, when, being ordered to the Gulf department, he resigned. He had become very popular with the people of Iowa, and they were determined to make him Governor. He was nominated in a Republican con- vention held at Des Moines in June, 1863, and was elected by a large majority. He was bre vetted Brigadier-General in 1864, during his first year as Governor. He was inaugurated January 14, 1864, and was re- elected in 1865, his four years in office closing January 16, 1868. His majority in 1863 was nearly 30,000, and in 1865 about 16,500. His diminished vote in 1865 was due to the fact that he was very strongly committed in favor of negro suffrage. Governor Stone made a very energetic and efficient executive. Since the expira- tion of his gubernatorial term he has sought to escape the public notice, and has given his time largely to his private business in- terests. He is in partnership with Hon. O. B. Ayres, of Knoxville, in legal practice. He was elected to the General Assembly in 1877, and served one term. In May, 1857, he married Miss Carloaet Mathews, a native of Ohio, then residing in Knoxville. They have one son — William A. ^^■■■■■■■■■ ■ ■■- ■ -■■■■■■■■■;^n^ nw;iyj i i;;'^^^^^^^ ( it if i OLONEL SAM- UEL MERRILL, the seventh Governor of the State of Iowa, the successor of Governor Stone, is among the men of the West who have been called from private life to places of trust on account of their peculiar fitness for office. He was born in the town of Turner, Oxford County, Maine, August 7, 1822. He is of English ancestry, being a descendant on his mother's side of Peter Hill, who came from the West of England and set- tled in Saco, Maine (now known as Bidde- ford), in 1653. From this ancestry have sprung the most of the Hills of America. On his father's side he is a descendant of Nathaniel Merrill, who, with his brother John, came from Salisbury, England, and settled in Newburg, Massachusetts, in 1636. Abel Merrill married Abigail Hill, June 25, 1809, in Buxton, Maine. They soon moved to Turner, where they became the parents of eight children, Samuel, the sub- ject of this sketch, being next the youngest, the fourth and youngest son in the family, and in the eighth generation from his Pil- grim fathers. 18 Samuel was married first to Catherine Thorns, who died in 1847, but fourteen months after their marriage. In January, 185 1, he was again married, his second wife being a Miss Hill, of Buxton, Maine. To this union there have been born four chil- dren, three of whom died young, the eldest living to be only two and a half years old. At the age of sixteen he moved with his parents to Buxton, where his time was mostly engaged by turns in teaching and in attending school until he attained his majority. Having determined to make teaching a profession, he set out for that purpose toward the sunny South, but, as he says, he was " born too far north " for his political comfort. Suspicion having been aroused as to his abolitionist pro- clivities, and finding the elements not al- together congenial, he soon abandoned the land of chivalry for the old Granite State, where he engaged for several years in farming. In 1847 ne removed to Tam worth, New Hampshire, where he embarked in mer- cantile business in company with a brother. In this, as in all his business enterprises, he was quite successful. Not being satisfied with the limited resources of Northern New England, he determined to try his good fortune on the broad prairies of the new and more fertile West. Accordingly, ■«-■-■■■■■■■ ■.■.■ .■.■.■.■.■. t .l.l n . . » . J ...,. ll J 204 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. in 1856, he turned his face toward the set- ting sun. He made a final settlement at McGregor, Iowa, where he established a branch house of the old firm. During all these years of business Mr. Merrill took an active but not a noisy part in politics. In 1854 he was elected as an Abolitionist to the New Hampshire Legis- lature, at the same time General N. B. Baker, ex-Adjutant General of Iowa, was Governor of the same State. In 1855 he was returned for a second term to the Leg- islature. In Iowa he was equally fortunate in securing the good will of those who knew him. His neighbors and those who had dealings with him found a man who was honest in his business, fair in his deal- ings, social in his relations, and benevolent in his disposition. He took an active in- terest in the prosperity of the town and ever held an open hand to all needed chari- ties. These traits of character had drawn around him, though not realized or intended by himself, a host of personal admirers. This good will resulted in his being nomi- nated for a seat in the State Legislature, and he was the only one on his ticket that was elected. The Legislature met in extra session in 1861 to provide for the exigencies of the Rebellion, and in its deliberations Mr. Merrill rendered effective and unselfish service. He continued in business at McGregor until the summer of 1862, when he was commissioned as Colonel of the Twenty- first Iowa Infantry, proceeding immediately to Missouri, where active service awaited him. Marmaduke was menacing the Union forces in Central Missouri, which called for prompt action on the part of the Union Generals. Colonel Merrill was placed in command of a detachment of the Twenty- first Iowa, a detachment of the Ninety-ninth Illinois, a portion of the Third Iowa Cavalry and two pieces of artillery,' with orders to make a forced march to Springfield, he be- ing at Houston, eighty miles distant. On the morning of the nth of January, 1863, they having come across a body of rebels, found them advancing in heavy force. Colonel Merrill immediately made dis- position for battle, and brisk firing was kept up for an hour, when the enemy fell back. Colonel Merrill now moved in the direction of Hartville, where he found the rebels in force under Marmaduke, and from six to eight thousand strong, with six pieces of artillery, while Colonel Merrill had but 800 men and two pieces of artillery. In this engagement the rebels lost several officers and not less than 300 men in. killed and wounded. The Union loss was seven killed and sixty -four wounded, five captured and two missing. The regiment performed severe marches and suffered much in sick- ness during the winter. It was assigned to the Thirteenth Corps, General John A. Mc- Clernand ; fought gallantly at the battle of Port Gibson; and while the impetuous charge of Black River bridge was being made Colonel Merrill was severely, and re- ported fatally, wounded. The battle of Black River bridge, the last of the series of engage- ments during the campaign of Vicksburg in which the rebels fought without their fortifi- cations, was a short but bloody combat. While Colonel Merrill was leading his regi- ment in this deadly charge he was wounded through the hips. This brought his mili- tary career to a close. Suffering from his wounds, he resigned his commission and re- turned to McGregor, but was unable to at- tend to his private affairs for many months. In 1867 he was chosen Governor to suc- ceed William M. Stone. He was inaugu- rated January 16, 1868, and served till January n, 1872, being re-elected in 1869. After the expiration of his term of office he returned to McGregor, but as soon as he could adjust his business interests he lo- cated in Des Moines, where he is now President of the Citizens' National Bank. ._.„M„»,» ■■ ■ ■■.■■».» CTRUS C. CARPENTER. ^|^ W ROM his numerous offi- cial positions, and the ability with which they have been filled, Cyrus C. Carpenter, the eighth Governor of the State of Iowa, deserves to be remembered as one of Iowa's foremost men. He is a native of Sus- quehanna County, Pennsyl- vania, and was born Novem- ber 24, 1829. His parents were Asahel and Amanda M. (Thayer) Carpenter, both of whom died be- fore he was twelve years old. His grand- father, John Carpenter, was one of nine young men who, in 1789, left Attleborough, Massachusetts, for the purpose of finding a home in the " new country." After various vicissitudes they located upon the spot which they called Harford, in Northeastern Pennsylvania, the township in which Cyrus was born. This location at that time was far from any other settlement, Wilkesbarre, in Wyoming Valley, near the scene of the celebrated Indian massacre, being among the nearest, though fifty miles away. Cyrus attended a common school three or four months in a year until 1846, then taught winters and worked on a farm sum- mers for three or four years, and with the money thus raised paid his expenses for several months at the academy which had been established in his native town. After leaving this institution, in 1852, he started westward; halted at Johnstown, Licking County, Ohio; taught there a year and a half, and with his funds thus replenished he came to Iowa, loitering some on the way, and reaching Des Moines in June, 1854. A few days later he started on foot up the Des Moines Valley, and found his way to Fort Dodge, eighty miles northwest of Des Moines, from which place the soldiers had moved the previous spring to Fort Ridgely, Minnesota. He now had but a single half dollar in his pocket. He frankly told the landlord of his straightened circumstances, offering to do any kind of labor until -something should " turn up." On the evening of his arrival he heard a Government contractor state that his chief surveyor had left him and that he was going out to find another. Young Carpenter at once offered his ser- vices. To the inquiry whether he was a surveyor, he answered that he understood the theory of surveying, but had had no experience in the field. His services were promptly accepted, with a promise of steady 208 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. employment if he were found competent. The next morning he met the party and took command. When the first week's work was done he went to Fort Dodge to replenish his wardrobe. As he left, some of the men remarked that that was the last that would be seen of him. He was then of a slight build, jaded and torn by hard work, and, when he left the camp, so utterly tired out it is not surprising that the men who were inured to out-door life thought him completely used up. But they did not know their man. With the few dollars which he had earned, he supplied himself with comfortable clothing, went back to his work on Monday morning and con- tinued it till the contract was completed. The next winter he taught the first school opened in Fort Dodge, and from that date his general success was assured. For the first two years he was employed much of the time by persons having contracts for surveying Government lands. He was thus naturally led into the land business, and from the autumn of 1855, when the Land Office was established at Fort Dodge, much of his time was devoted to surveying, select- ing lands for buyers, tax-paying for foreign owners, and in short a general land agency. During this period he devoted such time as he could spare to reading law, with the view of eventually entering the profession. Soon after the civil war commenced he entered the army, and before going into the field was commissioned as Captain in the staff department, and served over three years, attaining the rank of Lieutenant- Colonel and being mustered out as brevet Colonel. He has served his State in numerous civil capacities. He was elected Surveyor of Webster County in the spring of 1856, and the next year was elected a Represen- tative to the General Assembly, and served in the first session of that body held at Des Moines. He was elected Register of the State Land Office in 1866, re-elected in 1 868, and held the office four years, declin- ing to be a candidate for renomination. He was elected Governor of Iowa in 1 87 1, and was inaugurated January 11, 1872. He was re-elected two years later, and served until January 13, 1874. He made an able and popular executive. In his first inaugural address, delivered January 11, 1872, he made a strong plea for the State University, and especially its normal de- partment, for the agricultural college, and for whatever would advance the material progress and prosperity of the people, urg- ing in particular the introduction of more manufactories. At the expiration of his second term as Governor Mr. Carpenter was appointed, without his previous knowledge, Second Comptroller of the United States Treasury, and resigned after holding that office about fifteen months. He was influenced to take this step at that time because another bureau officer was to be dismissed, as the head of the department held that Iowa had more heads of bureaus than she was entitled to, and his resigning an office of a higher grade saved a man who deserved to remain in Government employ. He was in the forty-seventh Congress from 1 88 1 to 1883, and represented Web- ster County in the twentieth General As- sembly. He is now leading the life of a private citizen at Fort Dodge, his chief employment being the carrying on of a farm. He is not rich, which is a striking commentary on his long official service. He has led a pure and upright life. He has been a Republican since the or- ganization of that party. In religious mat- ters he is orthodox. He was married in March, 1864, to Miss Susan C. Burkholder, of Fort Dodge. They have no children, but have reared from childhood a niece of Mrs. Carpenter, Miss Fannie Burkholder. wsT a ff^ikms m m m m m m u m a m ,m m a m t ij lm » m B m -m m u m m„a m a m t3 . i ii a m„ m „ ti „ m „ m m m ^m ^ms* JOSHUA G. NEWBOLD. P^' c^i^i'^i'^it^'^atggi^ y&(%X%?{%>&&t%?1%?t%>i m ^^NHIU4 & HBWMUB ts^ }^*' l^M^W^^^^is m^m#m&s$issm#^ ^m\ OSHUA G. NEWBOLD was the tenth Governor of the State, and the thirteenth of Iowa, num- bering from the first Territorial G o v e r nor. He is" yet living at Mount Pleasant. He is a native of Pennsylvania, and his an- cestors in this country were among the very early set- tlers in New Jersey. They were Friends, and conse- quently none of them figured in the struggle for the independence of the colo- nies. Governor Newbold is the son of Barzilla and Catherine (Houseman) New- bold. He was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, May 12, 1830, and reared as a farmer. When he was eight years of age the family moved to Westmoreland County, same State, where he was educated in the common school, and also in a select school or academy, the latter taught by Dr. John Lewis, since of Grinnell, Iowa. At sixteen he returned with the family to Fayette County, where he remained eight years, assisting his father in running a flouring mill, when not teaching. When about nine- teen he began the study of medicine, read- ing a year or more while teaching, and then abandoning the notion of being a physician. In the month of March, 1854, Mr. New- bold removed to Iowa, locating on a farm, now partly in -the corporation of Mount Pleasant, Henry County. At the end of one year he removed to Cedar Township, Van Buren County, there merchandising and farming till about i860, when he re- moved to Hillsboro, Henry County- and pursued the same callings. In 1862, when the call was made for 600,- 000 men to finish the work of crushing the Rebellion, Mr. Newbold left his farm in the hands- of his family and his store in charge of his partner, and went into the army as Captain of Company C, Twenty-fifth Regi- ment Iowa Infantry. He served nearly three years, resigning just before the war closed, on account of disability. During the last two or three months he served at the South he filled the position of Judge Advocate, with headquarters at Woodville, Alabama. His regiment was one of those that made Iowa troops famous. It arrived at Helena, Arkansas, in November, 1862, and sailed in December following on the expedition against Vicksburg by way of Chickasaw Bayou. At the latter place was its first en- gagement. Its second was at Arkansas Post, and there it suffered severely, losing in killed and wounded more than sixty. After Lookout Mountain it joined in the pursuit of Bragg's flying forces to Ring- GOVERNORS OF IOWA. gold, where it. engaged the enemy in their strong works, November 27 losing twenty- nine wounded. The following year it joined Sherman in his Atlanta campaign, then on the famous march to the sea and through the Carolinas. On returning to Iowa he continued in the mercantile trade at Hillsboro for three or four years, and then sold out, giving thereafter his whole attention to agricult- ure, stock-raising and stock-dealing, mak- ing the stock department an important factor in his business for several years. Mr. Newbold was a member of the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth General Assem- blies, representing Henry County, and was chairman of the school committee in the fourteenth, and of the committee on appro- priations in the fifteenth General Assembly. In the fifteenth (1874) he was temporary Speaker during the deadlock in organizing the House. In 1875 he was elected Lieu- tenant Governor on the Republican ticket with Samuel J. Kirkwood. His Democratic competitor was E. B. Woodward, who received 93,060 votes. Mr. Newbold received 134,166, or a majority of 31,106. Governor Kirkwood being elected United States Senator during that session, Mr. Newbold became Governor, taking the chair February 1, 1877, an< ^ vacating it for Governor Gear in January, 1878. Governor Newbold's message to the Leg- islature in 1878 shows painstaking care and a clear business-like view of the in- terests of the State. His recommendations were carefully considered and largely adopted. The State's finances were then in a less creditable condition than ever be- fore or since, as there was an increasing floating debt, then amounting to $340,- 826.56, more than $90,000 in excess of the Constitutional limitation. Said Governor Newbold in his message: "The common- wealth ought not to set an example of dila- toriness in meeting its obligations. Of all forms of indebtedness, that of a floating character is the most objectionable. The uncertainty as to its amount will invariably enter into any computation made by persons contracting with the State for supplies, ma- terial or labor. To remove the present difficulty, and to avert its recurrence, I look upon as the most important work that will demand your attention." One of the greatest problems before statesmen is that of equal and just taxation. The following recommendation shows that Governor Newbold was abreast with fore- most thinkers, for it proposes a step which yearly finds more favor with the people : " The inequalities of the personal-property valuations of the several counties suggest to my mind the propriety of so adjusting the State's levy as to. require the counties to pay into the State treasury only the tax on realty, leaving the corresponding tax on personalty in the county treasury. This would rest with each county the adjust- ment of its personal property valuations, without fear that they might be so high as to work injustice to itself in comparison with other counties." Governor Newbold has always affiliated with the Republican party, and holds to its great cardinal doctrines, having once em- braced them, with the same sincerity and honesty that he cherishes his religious senti- ments. He has been a Christian for some- thing like twenty-five years, his connection being with the Free-Will Baptist church. He found his wife, Rachel Farquhar, in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, their union taking place on the 2d of May, 1850. They have had five children, and lost two. The names of the living are— Mary Allene, Emma Irene and George C. The Governor is not yet an old man, and may serve his State or county in other capacities in the coming years. rinMmm^w m a a nnWmm m m mm tg a a m u m w„w m i* m m m*ismsmKSia«.m mi M m ia m wi ■■a"»» M "»i»aa»»—' E^x^mKmM^Mm^SMSMSmmBmSmamMSMSMS^^^m^^BS^MW^Mm^SSSBmMmSSSSmmi JOHN H. GEAR. US [HE eleventh to hold the highest official posi- tion in the State of Iowa was John H. Gear, of Burlington. He is yet living in that city. He was born in Ithaca, New York, April 7, 1825. His father was Rev. E. G. Gear, a cler- gyman of the Protestant Episcopal church, who was born in New London, Connecticut, in 1792. When he was quite young his family removed to Pittsfield, Berkshire County, Massachusetts; in 18 16, after being or- dained, he emigrated to New York and settled at Onondaga Hill, near which is now the thriving city of Syracuse. Soon after locating there he was married to Miranda E. Cook. He was engaged in the ministry in various places in Western New York until 1836, when he removed to Galena, Illinois. There he remained until 1838, when he was appointed Chaplain in the United States Army at Fort Snelling, Minnesota. He died in 1874, aged eighty-two years. John H., his only son, in 1843, came to Burlington, where he has since continued to reside. On his arrival he commenced his mercantile career by engaging as clerk with the firm of Bridgeman & Bros. After being with this firm for a little over a year he entered the employ of W. F. Coolbaugh (since president of the Union National Bank, of Chicago), who was even at that early date the leading merchant of Eastern Iowa. He was clerk for Mr. Coolbaugh for about five years, and was then taken into partnership. The firm of W. F. Cool- baugh & Co. continued in business for nearly five years, when Mr. Gear suc- ceeded to the business by purchase, and carried it on until he became known as the oldest wholesale grocer in the State. He is now president of a large rolling mill company at Burlington. Mr. Gear has been honored by his fellow- citizens wi^h many positions of trust. In 1852 he was elected alderman ; in 1863 was elected mayor over A. W. Carpenter, be- ing the first Republican up to that time who had been elected in Burlington on a party issue. In 1867 the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Minnesota Railroad Company was organized, and he was chosen as its president. His efforts highly contributed to the success of the enterprise, which did much for Burlington. He was also active in promoting the Burlington & Southwest- ern Railway, as well as the Burlington & Northwestern narrow-gauge road. ^■"^ ■" ■ "■"^■^ -■ r J»»"'is" '■'■"■'■'■'■'■'■'■'■'■'■'■'■'■""■'■"■'■■■''■"■'''■'■■' "~1 216 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. He has always acted with the Republican party, and in 1871 was nominated and elected a member of the House of Repre- sentatives of the Fourteenth General As- sembly. In 1873 he was elected to the Fifteenth General Assembly. The Repub- lican caucus of the House nominated him for Speaker by acclamation, and after a contest of two weeks he was chosen over his opponent, J. W. Dixon. He filled the position of Speaker very acceptably, and at the close of the session all the members of the House, independent of party affili- ations, joined in signing their names to a resolution of thanks, which was engraved and presented to him. In 1875 he was the third time nominated to the Assembly by the Republican party, and while his county gave a large Democratic vote he was again elected. He was also again nominated for Speaker, by the Republican caucus, and was elected by a handsome majority over his competitor, Hon. John Y. Stone. He is the only man in the State who ever had the honor of being chosen to this high posi- tion a second time. He enjoys the reputa- tion of being an able parliamentarian, his rulings never having been appealed from. At the close of the session he again received the unanimous thanks of the House for his courtesy and impartiality. In 1877 he was nominated for Governor by the Republican convention which met at Des Moines, June 28, and at the election held the following October he received 121,546 votes, against 79,353 for John P. Irish, 10,639 for Eliasjessup, and 38,228 for D. P. Stubbs. His plurality over Irish was 42,193. He was inaugurated January 17, 1878, and served four years, being re-elected in 1879, by the following handsome vote : Gear, 157,571 ; Trimble, 85,056; Campbell, 45,439; Dungan, 3,258; Gear's majority over all competitors, 23,828. His second inauguration was in January, 1880. Governor Gear's business habits enabled him to discharge the duties of his office with marked ability. He found the finan- cial condition of the State in a low ebb, but raised Iowa's credit to that of the best of our States. In his last biennial message he was able to report : " The warrants out- standing, but not bearing interest, Septem- ber 30, 1 88 1, amounted to $22,093.74, and there are now in the treasury ample funds to meet the current expenses of the State. The war and defense debt has been paid, except the warrants for $125,000 negotiated by the executive, auditor and treasurer, under the law of the Eighteenth General Assembly, and $2,500 of the original bonds not yet presented for payment. The only other debt owing by the State amounts to $245,435.19, due to the permanent school fund, a portion of which is made irredeem- able by the Constitution. These facts place Iowa practically among the States which have no debt, a consideration which must add much to her reputation. The expenses of the State for the last two years are less than those of any other period since 1869, and this notwithstanding the fact that the State is to-day sustaining several institu- tions not then in existence; namely, the hospital at Independence, the additional penitentiary, the normal school, and the asylum for the feeble-minded children, be- sides the girl's department of the reform school. The State also, at present, makes provision for fish culture, for a useful weather service, for sanitary supervision by a board of health, for encouraging im- migration to the State, for the inspection of coal mines by a State inspector, and liberally for the military arm of the Government." Governor Gear is now in the sixty-first year of his age, and is in the full vigor of both his mental and physical faculties. He was married in 1852 to Harriet S. Foot, formerly of Middlebury, Vermont, by whom he has had four children, two of whom are living. ■BgagBgjg5gS g agfigg gEBEgfiSHBB5gMB« (j3,(f?iJ" 2/rryva ~^ t\4' jjgUiJfaW m 'ggWigM5ffIi^ l M lll M « M M M » M M l ,W..Mj nM M ««MI »W»» M W M M«M»W»WaM M W M M M g ?| IE BUREN R. SHBRMA.V. 219 ^f*^^ ^ »->-jyt^>'>-^Sgt«-^tg>' -»^*>si? |HE twelfth Governor of the State was Buren . R. Sherman, who held office two terms, from 1882 to 1886. He was born in Phelps, Ontario County, New York, May 28, 1836, and is the third son of Phineas L. and Eve- line (Robinson) Sherman, both of whom were natives of the Empire State. The subject of this sketch received his early educa- tion in the public schools of his native place, and con- cluded his studies at Elmira, New York, acquiring a thorough knowledge of the English branches. At the close of his studies, acting on the advice of his father, who was a mechanic (an ax maker), he ap- prenticed himself to Mr. S. Ayres, of El- mira, to learn the watchmaker's trade. In 1855, with his family, he removed to Iowa and settled upon an unbroken prairie, in what is now Geneseo Township, Tama County, where his father had purchased lands from the Government. There young Sherman labored on his father's farm, em- ploying his leisure hours in the study of law, which he had begun at Elmira. He also engaged as bookkeeper in a neighbor- ly ing town, and with his wages assisted his parents in improving their farm. In the summer of 1859 he was admitted to the bar, and the following spring removed to Vin- ton, and began the practice of law with Hon. William Smyth, formerly District Judge, and J. C. Traer, conducting the business under the firm name of Smyth, Traer & Sherman. They built up a flourishing practice and were prospering when, upon the opening of the war, in 1861, Mr. Sherman enlisted in Company G, Thirteenth Iowa "Volunteer Infantry, and immediately went to the front. He entered the service as Second Sergeant, and in February, 1862, was made Second Lieutenant of Company E. On the 6th of April following he was very severely wounded at the battle of Pittsburg Landing, and while in the hospital was promoted to the rank of Captain. He returned to his company while yet obliged to use crutches, and remained on duty till the summer of 1863, when, by reason of his wound, he was compelled to resign and return home. Soon after returning from the army he was elected County Judge of Benton County, and re-elected without opposition in 1865. In the autumn of 1866 he resigned his judge- ship and accepted the office of clerk of the District Court, to which he was re-elected in 1868, 1870 and 1872, and in December, 1874, resigned in order to accept the office .' J.'! m 220 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. of Auditor of State, to which he had been elected by a majority of 28,425 over J. M. King, the " anti-monopoly" candidate. In 1876 he was re-nominated and received 50,- 272 more votes than W. Growneweg(Demo- crat) and Leonard Brown (Greenback) to- gether. In 1878 he was again chosen to represent the Republican party in that office, and this time received a majority of 7,164 over the combined votes of Colonel Eiboeck (Democrat) and G. V. Swearenger (Green- back). In the six years that he held this office, he was untiring in his faithful appli- cation to routine work and devotion to his especial share of the State's business. He retired with such an enviable record that it was with no surprise the people learned, June 27, 1 88 1 , that he was the nominee of the Republican parly for Governor The campaign was an exciting one. The General Assembly had submitted to the people the prohibitory amendment to the Constitution. This, while not a partisan question, became uppermost in the mind of the public. Mr. Sherman received 133,- 330 votes, against 83,244 for Kinne and 28,- 112 for D. M. Clark, or a plurality of 50,086 and a majority of 21,974. In 1883 he, was re-nominated by the Republicans, as was L. G. Kinne by the Democrats. The National party offered J. B. Weaver. During the campaign these candidates held a number of joint discussions at different points in the State. At the election the vote was : Sher- man, 164,182; Kinne, 139,093; Weaver, 23,- 089 ; Sherman's plurality, 25,089 ;' majority, 2,000. In his second inaugural Governor Sherman said : " In assuming, for the second time, the office of Chief Magistrate of the State, I fully realize my grateful obligations to the people of Iowa, through whose generous confidence I am here. I am aware of the duties and grave responsibilities of this ex- alted position, and as well what is expected of me therein. As in the past I have given my undivided time and serious attention thereto, so in the future I promise the most earnest devotion and untiring effort in the faithful performance of my official require- ments. I have seen the State grow from infancy to mature manhood, and each year one of substantial betterment of its previous position. "With more railroads than any other State, save two ; with a school interest the grandest and strongest, which commands the support and confidence of all the peo- ple, and a population, which in its entirety is superior to any other in the sisterhood, it is not strange the pride which attaches to our people. When we remember that the results of our efforts in the direction of good government have been crowned with such magnificent success, and to-day we have a State in most perfect physical and financial condition, no wonder our hearts swell in honest pride as we contemplate the past and so confidently hope for the future. What we may become depends on our own efforts, and to that future I look with earnest and. abiding confidence." Governor Sherman's term of office con- tinued until January 14, 1886, when he was succeeded by William Larrabee, and he is now, temporarily, perhaps, enjoying a well- earned rest. He has been a Republican since the organization of that party, and his services as a campaign speaker have been for many years in great demand. As an officer he has been able to make an enviable record. Himself honorable and thorough, his management of public business has been of the same character, and such>as has com- mended him to the hearty approval of the citizens of the State. He was married August 20, 1862, to Miss Lena Kendall, of Vinton, Iowa, a young lady of rare accomplishments and strength of character. The union has been happy in every respect. They have two children —Lena Kendall and Oscar Eugene. WILLIAM LARRABEE. 2-3 <4WILLIflM LflRHflHEE.^ l^. KK f .'.?.' .1 * f.' M.T.I M.I .'. ( 1 * M '.H.'.M'MM.I.'.n.TT.TMT' M.'.f.' f ILLIAM LARRABEE is the thirteenth Governor of this State, and the six- teenth Governor of Iowa, counting from the Territo- rial organization. His ancestors bore the name of d'Larrabee, and were among the French Hugue- nots who came to America early in the seventeenth century, set- tling in Connecticut. Adam Larrabee was born March 14, 1787, and was one of the early graduates of West Point Military Academy. He served with distinction in the war of 1 812, having been made a Second Lieuten- ant March I, 181 1. He was promoted to be Captain February 1, 1814, and was soon after, March 30, of the same year, severely wounded at the battle of Lacole Mills, dur- ing General Wilkinson's campaign on the St. Lawrence. He recovered from this wound, which was in the lung, and was afterward married to Hannah Gallup Lester, who was born June 8, 1798, and died March 15, 1837. Captain Larrabee died in 1869, aged eighty-two. The subject of this sketch was born at Ledyard, Connecticut, January 20, 1832, and was the seventh of nine children. He passed his early life on a rugged New Eng- land farm, and received only moderate school advantages. He attended the dis- trict schools winters until nineteen years of age, and then taught school for two winters. He was now of an age when it became necessary to form some plans for the future. In this, however, he was embarrassed by a misfortune which betel him at the age of fourteen. In being trained to the use of fire-arms under his father's direction, an ac- cidental discharge resulted in the loss of sight in the right eye. This unfitted him for many employments usually sought by ambitious youths. The family lived two miles from the sea, and in that locality it was the custom for at least one son in each family to become a sailor. William's two eldest brothers chose this occupation, and the third remained in charge of the home farm. Thus made free to choose for himself William decided to emigrate West. In 1853, accordingly, he came to Iowa. His elder sister, Hannah, wife of E. H. Williams, was then living at Garnavillo, Clayton County, and there he went first. In that way he selected Northeast Iowa as his 224 GOVERNORS OF IOWA. future home. After teaching one winter at Hardin, he was for three years employed as a sort of foreman on the Grand Meadow farm of his brother-in-law, Judge Williams. In 1857 ne bought a one-third interest in the Clermont Mills, and located at Cler- mont, Fayette County. He soon was able to buy the other two-thirds, and within a year found himself sole owner. He oper- ated this mill until 1874, when he sold to S. M. Leach. On the breaking out of the war he offered to enlist, but was rejected on ac- count of the loss of his right eye. Being informed he might possibly be admitted as a commissioned officer he raised a company and received a commission as First Lieu- tenant, but was again rejected for' the same disability. After selling the mill Mr. Larrabee de- voted himself to farming, and started a private bank at Clermont. He also, ex- perimentally, started a large nursery, but this resulted only in confirming the belief that Northern Iowa has top rigorous a cli- mate for fruit-raising. 1 Mr. Larrabee did not begin his political career, until 1867. He was reared as a Whig, and became a Republican on the or- ganization of that party. While interested in politics he generally refused local offices, serving only as treasurer of the School Board prior to 1867. In the autumn of that year, on the Republican ticket, he was elected to represent his county in the State Senate. To this high position he was re- elected from time to time, so that he served as Senator continuously for eighteen years before being promoted to the highest office in the State. He was so popular at hoftie that he was generally re-nOminated by ac- clamation, and for some years the Demo- crats did not even make nominations. During the whole eighteen years Senator Larrabee was a member of the principal committee, that on Ways and Means, of which he was generally chairman, and was also a member of other committees.' In the pursuit of the duties thus devolving upon him he was indefatigable. It is said that he never missed a committee meeting. Not alone in this, but in private and public business of all kinds his uniform habit is that of close application to work. Many of the important measures passed by the Legislature owe their existence or present form to him. , He was a candidate for the gubernatorial nomination in 1881, but entered the contest too late, as Governor Sherman's following had been successfully organized. In 1885 it was generally conceded before the meet- ing of the convention that he would be nominated, which he was, and his election followed as a matter of course. He was inaugurated January 14, 1886, and so far has made an excellent Governor. His position in regard to the liquor question, that on which political fortunes are made and lost in Iowa, is that the majority should rule. He was personally in favor of high license, but having been elected Governor, and sworn to uphold the Constitution and execute the laws, he proposes to do so. A Senator who sat beside him in the Senate declares him to be " a man of the broadest comprehension and information, an extraordinarily clear reasoner, fair and conscientious in his conclusions, and of Spartan firmness in his matured judg- ment," and says that " he brings the prac- tical facts and philosophy of human nature, the science and history of law, to aid in his decisions, and adheres with the earnestness of Jefferson and Sumner to the fundamental principles of the people's rights in govern- ment and law." Governor Larrabee was married Sep- tember 12, 1 861, at Clermont, to Anna M. Appelman, daughter of Captain G. A. Appelman. Governor Larrabee has seven children— Charles, Augusta, Julia, Anna, William, Frederic and Helen. i E7£HnH£B^^i? t ■ 1 •? i isa' / 1* •■<■ III History j |J^J& IrMlin OF pHJJ ffllGREENElS K' County. ^» Tfflf^/«L jillPpSSI^ ^r^^^llIP Vrl I i OT V ,r ^dKi/J T^"~ . i) J Zi 1 iWr i T . ' ', ■ TF l,fl -mlw 5 s ? ' *l^- ri^^i^^ ^'— — ^-^ x 38 an t* m **! in* Ml It tip. ¥ mt i) mi 5^ i p m^m^m^m m ^a^ ^i aiSM^a^im^M^a: >«»*«*«■■■ a ,. a -l,^».» l,..l ll l. 1 .■-■.■-■-■■■.■■'-■«.'»■.■.■' a i h: I 1,1 ■m"j°«»ii' - J *ftii>aj^jg tLe e— -aiM„ o.-,w , '■'m | gaa^.Tai'»mM< iagg^ 1 ~g^Jij j I*!' I i *' iff 1 •« I. < i ■a/ i f s si; -kT jH'' •I?' I /5^nS?vi^SSH3SEiE??'iiE^n &*-•-- ^r-Hrj^^ai^^iSMS^B^ ^_«i~?j?^ ' w SOM TOLIVEK, one of Greene County's worthy farmers, resides on section 33, ^ Bristol Township. He came to the county April 16, 1854, locating first on section 11, Franklin Township, at the south end of the Raccoon Valley, where he bought 240 acres of Government land, his being one of the very first entries made in the county. At that time the nearest mill was at Panora, Guthrie County, and their trading was done at Des Moines. Mr. Toliver lived on his farm in Franklin Township until 1869, when he moved to Bristol Township, buying the farm where he now lives, which contains 180 acres of choice land. From a small capital of $400 brought to Greene County, he has accumulated a large and valuable estate. Mr. Toliver was born on the top of Big Bald Mountain, in Ashe County, North Carolina, July 29, 1814, a son of John and Anna Toliver. His grandfather, Jesse Toliver, was a man of great force of character and ability, and served seven years in the war of the Revolution, five years as a Captain of the line. His father, John Toliver, died in North Carolina, and in 1834 the mother with her family moved to Owen County, Indiana. Isom was the second of twelve children. He was married in Owen County in 1836 to Matilda Reynolds, a native of North Carolina, born in 1819. Her mother was Sally Greene, a granddaughter of General Greene, the friend of General Washington. In 1847 Mr. Toliver moved from Indiana to Richland County, Illinois, and thence to Greene County, Iowa, in 1854. Mr. and Mrs. Toliver have had eleven children, nine sons and two daughters. Four sons and one daughter died before coming to their majority. The following are the names and order of birth of those who lived to maturity: John H., Gillum S., Jacob M., James C, Doctor R., Tarry J. and Isom M. Four of the brothers served their country during the war of the Rebellion. John H. was a member of Com- pany E, Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry Volun- teers, and Fife-Major of his regiment. He died at Davenport, Iowa, soon after enlisting. Jacob M. was Second Lieutenant of the same company. He has served eight years as Dis- trict Attorney in Northwestern Iowa, and is now practicing law at Lake City, Iowa. Gillum S. was a member of Company H, Tenth Iowa Infantry Volunteers. He was three years county surveyor, two years county treasurer, and a member of the Thirteenth General Assembly of Iowa, but his true sphere was rather that of a lawyer than of a politician. In the spring of 1870 he formed a law partnership with the Hon. John J. Russell, at Jefferson, Iowa, under the firm name of Russell and Toliver. The firm soon built up a large and lucrative practice, which they have ever since maintained. James C. was a member of Company H, Tenth Iowa Infantry Volunteers. He was two years deputy sheriff, and four years county recorder of Greene County, Iowa. After that he was engaged in the real estate and abstract busi- ness at Rockwell City, Iowa, and is now a real estate dealer at Ainsworth, Nebraska. Doctor R., the seventh son, is a substantial farmer, now living in Bristol Township, Greene County, Iowa. Tarry J. and Isom M., the two younger children, are living at home, unmarried. Isom Toliver loved a new country, and always kept his family on the border, if not sometimes beyond, of what may be called the limits of civilization, so that his older sons possessed few educational advantages, but became thoroughly familiar with the arts and hardships of pioneer life. They are all self-made men. -— *§•**►§•— ^MOS JOHNSON, an active and public- spirited citizen of Hardin Township, is ««f>- a native of Ohio, born February 23, 1842, son of Adam and Sarah Johnson, natives of Virginia, who, more than a half century ago, with their first born, — a daugh- ter not quite a year old, — in company with other relatives, emigrated from the moun- tainous regions of Virginia to Delaware County, Ohio, at that time a dense forest. Here our pioneers entered 100 acres upon which a comfortable log house was built, and within a few years a number of acres had been cleared, upon which the necessaries of life, sufficient for health and happiness, were produced. This homestead remained in pos- session of the family until the entire tract, with the exception of a few acres reserved for timber purposes, was reduced to tillage, and also until these worthy pioneers were blessed with eleven children, eight sons and three daughters, ten of whom were born within the original pioneer log house. The eldest daughter is now the wife of Joseph Riley, of- Morrow County, Ohio. Elizabeth, another daughter, is yet a resident of the Buckeye State, and is the wife of Sewell Brookins, of Delaware County. Cordelia, the youngest daughter, is the wife of Joseph "Wagoner, residing near Fort Scott, Kansas. The par- ents, with the younger members of the family, during the fall of 1862, removed to Jones County, Iowa, remaining there till 1879, when the mother died, since which time the father has made his home with different members of the family, chiefly with his daughter, Mrs. Joseph Wagoner. Three of the sons, Jesse, Thomas and Amos, were volunteers in defense of the Union during the late civil war, and though serving under the same flag, they were widely separated from each other. Jesse, the eldest son, was a member of the Fifty-first Illinois Infantry, and served in the Army of the Cumberland. Amos, the third son and fifth child, enlisted in June, 1861, in Company I, Fourth |,Ohio Infantry, and was with Shield's division in the Shenandoah Valley in 1862. He participated in several severe engagements, serving faithfully until he was discharged on account of disability. He was in the "West Virginia campaigns of 1861 and '62, and afterward with the Army of the Potomac. It is a notable fact that, with his regiment, Amos traversed much of the coun- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 331 try in which his parents were reared and married, and also participated in the battle of Rich Mountain, near the home of their child- hood, a beardless youth, yet in his teens, whipping his parents' former playmates back into loyalty to the old flag. He was mustered out of the service at Columbus, Ohio, January 29, 1863. Thomas, the sixth child in the family, served in the Ninety-sixth Ohio Infantry, and was in the Army of the Gulf. The three brothers already mentioned, with three of the younger brothers, Emerson, William and Elmore, are now residents of Greene County, Iowa, and all are engaged in agricultural pursuits. Robert, the second son, lives in Jones County, Iowa, where he has made his home for twenty-five years, while Newton, the ninth child in the family, is at present a resident of Sac County, Iowa. Amos Johnson, whose name heads this sketch, remained in his native State until attaining the age of nineteen years, and was educated principally at the Olive Green Academy in Delaware County, Ohio. After his return from the service, having been discharged in January, 1863, he returned to Ohio, remain- ing there about five months, when, hoping to improve his shattered health, he immigrated to Cedar County, Iowa. He resided in Cedar County about five years, and during this time taught several terms of school. In 1868 he came to Greene County, locating on section 21, Hardin Township, where he has since devoted his attention to farming and stock- raising, his farm containing eighty acres of choice land. He has been twice married, taking for his first wife Miss Hattie Elliott, a daughter of Andrew and Rebecca Elliott, who died in January, 1874, leaving two chil- dren — Addie V. and Rodney E. For his second wife Mr. Johnson married Miss Rachel McBurney, who was born in Canada in Octo- ber, 1849, her parents, George and Jane McBurney, being natives of Ireland. Three children have been born to this union — George and May (twins) and Eura J. In politics Mr. Johnson affiliates with the Republican party. ' Since becoming a resi- dent of Greene County he has served his township efficiently as clerk, assessor and trustee. He is a comrade of the Grand Army post at Jefferson, Iowa. ALBERT H. FEY, one of Scranton Town- ship's enterprising farmers, residing on section 9, was born in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, September 23, 1842, a son of William and Esther Fey, Pennsylvanians by birth, and of German extraction. In 1853 the family removed to Du Page County, Illinois, settling on a farm in Naperville Township, where the parents still reside. Of their eleven children our subject was the eldest. He grew to manhood in Du Page County, remaining on the home farm till he enlisted in the war of the Rebellion in Au- gust, 1862, and was assigned to Company B, One Hundred and Fifth Illinois Infantry. His regiment was first engaged at Resaca, and in Sherman's campaign against Johnston's army, which culminated in the capture of Atlanta. Mr. Fey also participated in the battle of Peach Tree Creek, and at the battle of Atlanta July 21 and 22, and in the en- gagements at Averyville and Bentonville, and with Sherman on his march to the sea. He participated in the grand review of Sher- man's army at Washington in June, 1865, and was honorably discharged the same month at Chicago, Illinois. During his entire term of service he was never out of the line of duty, was never sick, and passed through all of war's perils unscathed, pro%'ing himself to be a brave and gallant soldier. After his ■■■°ja"«'5B HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. discharge he returned to his home in Du Page County, and December 19, 1866, he was married to Miss Violet Dreher, who was born in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, November 27, 1847, a daughter of Israel and Hannah Dreher, of whom her father is deceased. Her mother is now living in Scranton City, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Fey are the parents of six children — Willard S., Elmer E., Mabel E., Oscar I., Blanche A. and Albert D. Mr. Fey followed agricultural pursuits in Du Page County until March, 1881, when he came to Greene County, Iowa, and bought 160 acres of his present farm, which had been partially improved by the former owner, Frank Irons. Mr. Fey has added to his original purchase until his farm now contains 320 acres, the north half of section 9, and has added largely to his build- ing improvements, and by his enterprising spirit and industrious habits he has gained the respect and confidence of the entire com- munity. Both Mr. and Mrs. Fey are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically he is a Bepublican, having voted that ticket since the second election of Abraham Lincoln for President in 1864. He is a comrade of N. H. Powers Post, No. Ill, G. A. B,., of Scranton City. »Si < S * |DMOND C. CLAKK, attorney at law, Grand Junction, is a native of Broome County, New York, born at Bingham ton June 17, 1841, a son of Jesse Clark, deceased, who was born in Schenectady, New York. The father being a contractor and builder, our subject early in life learned the use of tools. He received good educational advan- tages, attending the schools of New York City and the Methodist Episcopal Seminary at Binghamton. He began life for himself as a farm laborer, and was thus engaged two years, and for one summer drove horses on the canal. During the early part of the late war he enlisted as a private in Company E, Thirty-second New York Infantry, in which he served two years, taking part in the en- gagements at West Point, Gaines Mills, Malvern Hill, Fredericksburg, first and second battles of Bull Bun, and others of minor importance. He was discharged with the rank of First Sergeant in June, 1863. In December, 1863, he re-enlisted in Company H, Sixth New York Cavalry. He was de- tached by special order of the War Depart- ment, and- placed in command of Company B, Second Battalion, at the New York State rendezvous, doing garrison duty at Albany and Hart Island, New York harbor, for six months. He then returned to his regiment, and was again detached on scouting duty in Maryland, continuing in that capacity until the campaign of 1865, when he rejoined his regiment. He remained in the service until four months after the close of the war, during which time he was chief clerk in Petersburg Post Hospital. He received an honorable discharge in September, 1865. He was mar- ried January 2, 1864, to Mary J., daughter of William Bown, of Connecticut. They have one child — Gail B. After returning from the war Mr. Clark followed farming until 1870, after which he was a member of the police force of New York City for one year. Was variously employed for two years, during which time he also perfected a law course which he had begun some time before. In the winter of 1872-'73 he entered the employ of Borden's Condensed Milk Com- pany, of New York, and was sent to Texas, where he was engaged in condensing beef for that company till the spring of 1873. In 1880 he came to Jefferson, Greene County, where he was admitted to the bar, and for MOGMAPHlOAL 8KMTCHMS. 233 four years practiced law at that place. In the spring of 1884 he came to Grand Junc- tion, where he has since done a general law practice, and has become recognized as a leading lawyer of Greene County. Mr. Clark is a writer of some merit, and has contributed many poems to the New York Ledger and other papers, and now has a large volume of poetry in manuscript which has never yet been published, among which is the famous " Address to the Flag," an acrostic, displaying great poetical genius. Jjj^ENRY D. ROGERS, one of the success- fUD ^ a g r i cu 'turists of Greene County, -jfSflg residing in Highland Township, is a son of Daniel and Elizabeth (Fitz) Rogers, and a native of Pennsylvania, the date of his birth being June 7, 1824. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, which he has made his life work. When but five years of age he was taken by his parents to Ohio, and from there went to Illinois, where the family lived about three years. In the spring of 1831 he removed with his parents to Linn County, Iowa, they being among the pioneers of that county. Henry D. entered 160 acres of land in that county and engaged in farming on his own account. After improving his land he sold it, and bought a farm near Mt. Vernon, Linn County, Iowa, which he sold and then came to Greene County, Iowa, where he bought 320 acres of land for himself, and 320 acres for others. He first settled in what is now Cedar Township, a. part of said township afterward being called Highland Township. There were only two log cabins in the town- ship when Mr. Rogers settled here, only one house being between his and Jefferson. He was married to Lucinda K. McRoberts, a daughter of Michael and Mary McRoberts. They have no children of their own, but have an adopted daughter, who is now the wife of W. O. Stotts, and lives south of the home farm. Mr. Henry Rogers has prospered in his agricultural pursuits since coming to Greene County, his home farm containing 160 acres of good land well improved and under cultivation. Besides his homestead he owns property in the village of Churdan. He also bought 157-| acres of land south of his farm, which he gave to his adopted daughter. He is a member of the Free Methodist church. Politically he casts his suffrage with the Republican party. W. KIONS, farmer, section 4, Kendrick Township, is one of the f=^° leading agriculturists of the town- ship, and has been identified with the county for twenty years. He was born in Mont- gomery County, Indiana, May 23, 1835, son of Nathan and Martha (Wilson) Kions, who were the parents of three children — Wilson, Adam, and M. W. Our subject lived in Montgomery County imtil he was twenty years of age, spending his time at farm work and in attending the subscription school. At the age of twenty he went to Piatt County, Illinois, where he worked by the month one season, and then returned to Indiana. The year following he went back to Illinois, and in September, 1857, came to Iowa and located on land adjoining the place where Humiston now stands. Here he resided seven years, then sold out and removed to Fulton County, Illinois, and in 1866 came to Greene County, and settled upon his present farm, which was then in its wild state. He owns 380 acres of land, and it is known as one of the best farms in the county. He has a good house, sur- rounded with shade trees, one barn 30x40 feet, 234 MISTORY OP GREBNtt COUNTY. and another 36x40 feet, and still another, 16x32 feet. He has seed lots, a native grove and a fine orchard. He is engaged in stock-raising and feeding. Pie has three children — Jose- phine D., Silas G. and Adam Lewis. Politi- cally he is a Republican. |OBERT CAIJST, farmer, section 1, Wil- low Township, postoffice Scranton, is one of the early settlers of the township, and is a native of the Isle of Man, born April 18, 1844, son of John and Jane (Eads) Cain, who were the parents of ten children, Robert being the fifth child. When he was fourteen years of age he went to London, England, where he worked about eight years. He was united in marriage January 31, 1867, to Miss Lottie Redgrave, who was born in Essex County, England, December 4, 1843, daugh- ter of Reuben and Mary (Reeve) Redgrave. Her parents had seven children, six of whom are living — Jemima, George, Lottie, Ann R., Elizabeth, John, and James, deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Cain came to America soon after their marriage, and settled in Warren County, Illinois, where they resided until 1881, engaged in farming. He then came to Greene County, and settled in Willow Town- ship, where he has since resided. His first purchase was 175 acres of partly improved land. He has since added to that amount until he now owns 335 acres of as fine land as can be found in Greene County, and it is well cultivated and improved. He has a comfortable residence, with good buildings for stock and grain, and an orchard consisting of three acres. Mr. and Mrs. Cain are the parents of five sons — Robert Ernest, Herbert R. J., Frank George, Alfred R. and Chester G. Mr. Cain is a Republican in politics, and also a member of the Masonic fraternity, being a member of Golden Gate Lodge, No. 402, at Scranton. Mr. and Mrs. Cain are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Cain has served as Steward and Sunday-school superintendent. He has always taken an active part in educational and religious matters, and is a liberal sup- porter of both. D. HOWARD, one of the older members of the bar of Greene County, is at pres- ent the senior member of the firm of Howard & Rose. He has been a resident of Jefferson since about 1860, and began the practice of his profession in 1869. During the early part of his residence here he was engaged in teaching. Afterward he was elected to the office of clerk of the district court, in which capacity he served for a period of eight years. During the first four years of his official life, the office included the duties of the present county auditor, as clerk of the board of supervisors. He commenced the practice of law about a year previous to the close of his term of office. His first partner was Mr. Jas. A. Henderson, with whom he continued about four years. He was then associated with I. J. McDuffie for ten years. The present partnership was formed in 1886. Mr. Howard was born in Franklin County, Massachusetts, July 10, 1834. His mother died while he was still quite young. When seventeen years of age, he removed with his father to Ohio, where he lived until he attained his majority. He came to Iowa in 1853, and has been a resident of Greene County since 1860. He was reared to the occupation of farming. He followed the occupation of teaching for ten years, the last four years being in Iowa. Politically he is a Republican, and has ever been a strong MOG&APBIOAL SKETCHES. 235 adherent to the principles of that great politi- cal organization. He cast his first presi- dential vote for John C. Fremont in 1856. He is a self-made man, and has always been a hard worker. He studied law and prepared himself for admission to the bar while clerk of the courts. His success, and his ability as a lawyer is universally recognized. He was married in Boone County, this State, to Eliza J. Kenney, a native of Pennsylvania. jBEAM CAIN, farmer, section 35, Greenbrier Township, is among the leading citizens of Greene County, and was born on the Isle of Man, May 30, 1840. His parents were Jehu and Jane (Eads) Cain, and they were the parents of ten chil- dren — Sarah A., John, Abram, Edward, Bobert, Jane, Elizabeth, Matilda (deceased), "William and Morris E. Abram resided in his native country until he was twenty-live years of age, having been reared in the village of Balla Salla, where he received his education. He worked at blacksmithing for three and a half years, then came to America and settled in Warren County, Illinois, where he lived over four years, and then went to England. He was united in marriage October 10, 1869, to Miss Ellen J. K. Kermode, who was born on the Isle of Man, and a daughter of Jehu and Ellen (Cubbon) Kermode. After his marriage Mr. Cain returned to America, and resided in Warren County, Illinois, until 1876, when he came to Greene County and settled on section 35, Greenbrier Township. He came to his present farm in 1879, which was then in a wild state. He has cultivated and improved it until it is now one of the best farms in Greene County. It, is situated one mile north of Bagley. He has a good one and a half story residence, built in modern style and well furnished, and a commodious barn and sheds for cattle. He is extensively engaged in stock-raising, stock-feeding, and dealing in stock to some extent. A wind- mill furnishes a power for a water supply. The farm is all seeded to grass, and everything about the premises indicates the industry and thrift of the owner. Mr. and Mrs. Cain have four children — Ella Jane, William Ed., Emma, and Harry K. Charles E., Ben F. and Arthur G. are deceased. Politically Mr. Cain is a Republican. He is a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and a local preacher of that church. He is numbered among the best citizens of the county. » S i t ; J |EORGE W. GILBOY, one of Greene County's pioneers, and an active and enterprising citizen of Franklin Town- ship, was born in Clarke County, Ohio, the date of his birth being November 2, 1842. His parents, James and Anna (Crawford) Gilroy, were natives of Ireland and Ohio respectively. In 1855 they immigrated with their family to Greene County, where they made their home for many years, witnessing the country change from a wild state into well-cultivated farms and thriving towns and villages. The father died in Greene County February 25, 1885. The mother is now living in Saline County, Nebraska. The father being a farmer, George W. was reared to the same occupation, and his youth was spent in assisting his father clear and culti- vate the home farm. February 10, 1862, he enlisted in the late war at Des \Moines in Company H, Tenth Iowa Infantry, serving in Hamilton's division, Sullivan's brigade. He took part in the siege of Corinth and battle of Inka, and was wounded at the second battle of Corinth October 4, 1862, the ■■»■«.■ J »CWS»a M =WS^"»"«W«"l»"«M«»«M»«»«M"-»«^» -"»"- » .. " - " - " »W -"-W-"-"»' ll « l S36 MlStORY OF GREENS COUNT?. ball passing through his right elbow. He then lay in the hospital at Corinth three weeks, when he was removed to Keokuk, Iowa, remaining there until he was honorably dis- charged February 28, 1863. He then returned to his home in Greene County, and spent four months attending school. After leaving school he began clerking in Isaac Tucker's store, where he served to the best interest of his employer for one year. He then clerked in the store of J. Orr, of Boonesborough, Boone County, Iowa, for one year, when he returned to Jefferson, Iowa, and became associated with Thomas Reese, this partner- ship lasting two years. He then, in 1867, formed a partnership with Anderson & Too- good in the stock business, which they fol- lowed together about one year, when the partnership was dissolved by mutual consent. Mr. Gilroy then went on a prospecting tour to Kansas, but becoming dissatisfied with the country he came to Appanoose County, Iowa, where he engaged in farming for two years. He then returned to Greene County, and has since followed farming on the old home place in Franklin Township. He was married in Greene County November 10, 1867, to Miss Nancy A. Tucker, a -native of Boone County, Indiana, born September 15, 1832, daughter of Inskip and Dicey Tucker, the father being a native of Kentucky, and the mother of Indiana. To this union have been born three children — Victor W., Ada A. and Floy W. Mr. Gilroy's residence is located on section 12, Franklin Township, where he has sixty- seven acres of well-cultivated land. Beside his home farm he owns forty-seven acres on section 35 of Grant Township. He has served his township efficiently as clerk, and for ten years was secretary of the School Board. He is a charter member of the Masonic lodge at Jefferson, Iowa. In poli- tics he casts his suffrage with the Republican party. Mrs. Gilroy is a member of the United Brethren church. Their postoffice is Cooper, Iowa. ►$Hf< |ARTIN PETERSON, residing on f section 20, is one of Scranton Town- ship's most enterprising farmers. When he came to his present farm, in the spring of 1877, his fine homestead was raw prairie, but by persevering industry he made it one of the best farms in his neighborhood, and it now consists of 200 acres of well-im- proved land, 120 acres being under cultiva- tion, and his building improvements are noticeably good. Mr. Peterson is a native of Denmark, born January 28, 1840, the second in a family of six children of Peter and Karie Peterson. Both of his parents died in their native country. His brothers and sisters are now living in Wisconsin. He was the first of his father's family to come to America, landing at Quebec June 6, 1862, going thence directly to Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He began life in America as a farm laborer, which he followed near Milwaukee nearly two years. He was then engaged in the pineries in Oconto County, Wisconsin, and in the Green Bay district, until 1866. In the fall of 1864 he was married to Miss Hannah Peterson, who was also a native of Denmark, born March 2, 1840, a daughter of Jacob Peterson. Of the eight children born to this union only two are living — Charles, born in February, 1869, and Albert, born in August, 1878. They lost three children in the spring of 1875; their two eldest, Peter and Mary, died aged ten and eight years respectively, and Eleanora aged two years. Nora died in 1877, aged one year and two months; Edwin at the age of four years and five months, and San- ford aged two years and seven months, in ^- ■ ^ ■ ■ ■■ ■■ ■■ ^.■■ ■ ■■■■■■■■ ^■^"■■■■'^'■■^ ^^■"■"■■^ ?|fi TS5K3! j--±j^ji+jn .y^u-^j %j ^.j-^ts-^j m>S^s : +Lj'+*-'' , +J ' j ^j-*^/ "»/-*Y»>^/ ■* ■.■. ■ .■.l.faB.I.« ,M,l,ll.l ■«m,it..i.a.«.a.ii.iii...» l MOQitAPSIGAL SKETCBM. 23? 1885. In 1866 Mr. and Mrs. Peterson set- tled in Columbia County, Wisconsin, and there followed agricultural pursuits until coming to Greene County, Iowa, in 1872. They then located on their own land, on sec- tion 27 of Scranton Township, a farm of eighty acres improved by themselves, and there lived till they settled in their present home on section 20. Mr. Peterson came to America a poor man, but possessed of strong hands and a stout heart, and by his perse- vering energy and industry, combined with strict economy, he has succeeded well in his farming operations, and acquired a good property, and gained the confidence and re- spect of the entire community. In politics he has always affiliated with the Republican party. Both he and his wife are members of the United Brethren church. ►3MJ S[DGAR W. JONES, residing on section 16, Junction Township, Greene County, was born in Cass County, Michigan, May 10, 1848, a son of Oscar and Caroline 0. (Wheeler) Jones, the father born in Rens- selaer County, New York, June 14, 1817. They were married July 3, 1841, and to them were born five children, of whom only two are living — Edgar W., the subject of this sketch, and Mrs. Phoebe Melissa Smith, who was born August 15, 1843, and is now residing in Cass County, Michigan. Edgar W. Jones was reared to the avocation of a farmer, and educated in the common schools of his native county, and at a select school at Niles, Michi- gan, which he attended two terms. He came to Greene County, Iowa, in the fall of 1867, locating at Jefferson, where he ran a meat market from 1868 until 1869, since which time he has followed agricultural pur- suits. He was married May 19, 1869, to Florenda A. Witherell, who was born Decem- ber 19, 1848, a daughter of Theodore and Adeline (Flanders) Witherell, both of whom are deceased. They are the parents of four children — Lena D., Fred M., Myrtie L. and Clyde L. Mr Joues settled on his farm in Junction Township in the fall of 1870, where he is engaged in farming and stock-raising, making a specialty of graded stock. His farm contains eighty acres of land, well im- proved and under cultivation. Since becom- ing a resident of Junction Township Mr. Jones has served as constable, school director, and was secretary of the School Board some four or five years. > S n ;« fOSEPH H. RIDLE, section 10, Wash- ington Township, was born in Meadville, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, July 7, 1814, a son of Peter Ridle, also a native of the Keystone State. His early life was spent on the home farm, and when eighteen years of age he began to learn the trade of a car- penter and joiner, being at that age thrown on his own resources. In 1840 he came West and lived in Fulton County, Illinois, a few years, subsequently moving to Stark County, where he lived until 1870, and while there was engaged in contracting and building. In 1870 he came to Iowa, and settled in Greene County, on the farm where he now lives. He has been successful and now owns 160 acres of good land, well improved, and a comfortable residence and farm buildings. Mr. Ridle was married April 8, 1841, in Ful- ton County, Illinois, to Angeline Buck, daughter of Daniel Buck. To them were born eight children, ,five of whom are living — Harriet, Charles M., Henrietta, Miles D. and Joseph A. Their eldest son, Aaron, was killed at the battle of Knoxville, Tennessee, ■^*^M>^>%.i'^»^i^^L/-fl^-w»/-*. y«^M>»< t rt,Hk>» ^y*./-^.^ ,■% *■*/■«, p^, .«*./»«>, »^ ,■*», * 1 MsTdst of G&nmn cotrttTT. while fighting for his country in the war of the Kebellion. Mrs. Ridle died March 30, 1857, and October 2, 1858, Mr. Ridle married Mary, daughter of Jeremiah Bennett. Two of their three children are living — Olive and Mary. Mr. Ridle has held the offices of township trustee and school director. He was once elected justice of the peace, but re- fused to serve. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal church. » Sn£ « fOHN F. JOHNSON, a member of the general mercantile firm of Erickson & Johnson, was born in Winnebago County, Illinois, the date of his birth being Septem- ber 5, 1852. His father, Peter Johnson, was born in Norway, coming to America about 1843 or 1844. He settled in Illinois in an early day, and is still making his home in Winnebago County. John F., the subject of this sketch, was reared to the avocation of a farmer, and received his education in the common and graded schools of Durand in his native county. He followed agricultural pur- suits until about the year 1884. In 1875 he came to Greene County, Iowa, and purchased a tract of wild land, on which he settled in 1876, which he improved and put under cul- tivation, and partially improved another farm. He sold his farm in August, 1883, and began dealing in farm implements, in company with his present partner, in March, 1884, to which he added his present business in March, 1885. In March, 1886, they traded their implement business for land, and have since devoted their attention to the mercantile business. The firm of Erickson & Johnson carries a capital stock of $4,400, and both being active and enterprising business men, have succeeded in building up a good trade. Mr. Johnson was married November 29, 1877, to Miss Katie Wise, a daughter of Samuel and Rebecca Wise, her mother living in Paton, and her father deceased. One child, named Samuel F., has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Johnson. Mr. Johnson is one of the active and public- spirited citizens of Paton. |HARLES H. JACKSON, attorney at law, United States Commissioner and notary public, has been in practice at Jefferson since 1870. He at first formed a partnership with Judge Harvey Potter, under the firm name of Jackson & Potter. This partnership continued several years. Mr. Jackson then became associated with Captain Albert Head, which was also continued several years. Since that time he has been alone. He was born in Chittenden County, Vermont, December 14, 1832. .In .1848 his father, Abram Jackson, removed with his family to Hendersonj Knox County, Illinois. In Au- gust, 1862, Mr. Jackson enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Second Illinois Infantry, and served until July 11, 1864, when he was discharged at the officer's .hospital at Nash- ville for disability. His first service was at Louisville, Kentucky, thence to Frankfort, thence to Bowling Green, thence to Nashville, Tennessee; thence to Chattanooga, where his regiment became attached to the Twentieth Army Corps. He participated in the severe battle of Resaca and Burnt Hickory, but was soon after compelled to enter the hospital, and resigned July 9, 1864. Upon the organization of his company he was elected its Captain. He commanded the company until October, 1863, and on the 20th of that month he was appointed Major by Governor Yates, of Illinois. November 10 following, he was mustered into the service as Major of hi6 regiment, and remained in that capacity ,._-»_<-*f«fc-'-^ "*.'-* "*!'■•-' *>-'"^ -■* .-^*%_'^.-»fc7-* ►.■^^l^-^.' ■%--^>^'- l *l '•^-*-%.» J ^-' MOGBAPStCAL SkMTOBM. 239 during his army service. He has never recovered his former vigor since his army experience. He began the study of law in 1859, and was admitted to the bar at Madison, Wisconsin, in October, 1859. September 18, 1865, he was married to Miss Annie E. Chaffee, a native of Ohio. To this union have been born four children — E. H., Nellie, Frances and Maud May. Mr. Jackson was a Democrat for many years, but recently has been a Greenbacker. He belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic at Jefferson, and is also a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to the Blue Lodge, Chapter and Commandery. ii \ t \ i > fE. BOBBINS, superintendent of the Jefferson Brick and Tile Works, was «^ Q born in Oswego County, New York, in 1842. When he was twelve years of age he went to Peoria, Illinois, and two years later engaged to work in a brick-yard at that place. He has been engaged in that branch of the business ever since. His father, Phillip Robbins, is still a resident of Oswego County, New York. F. E. Robbins was married to Miss Anna R. Butler, a native of Maryland, and they have four children — Minnie, Florence, Frank and Anna. Olive D. died in infancy. The Jefferson Brick and Tile Works, one of the most important industries of Greene County, is located in the south part of the corporation of Jefferson. Originally brick alone was manufactured, the business being started by Ira Hammer in the spring of 1868, although a man named New- man had made a few brick previous to that time. In the fall of that year Mr. F. E. Robbins bought out Mr. Hammer, and has been connected with the business as owner, part owner and superintendent since that time. May 18, 1882, a stock company was organized, called the Jefferson Brick and Tile Company. This company was composed of F. E. Robbins, D. B. McCully, Albert Head, Mahlon Head and William Enright. The offi- cers chosen were: D. B. McCully, President; Mahlon Head, Secretary and Treasurer, and F. E. Robbins, Superintendent. The only change that has been made in stockholders and officers is the substitution of President Charles Bofinch for President McCully, the former having purchased the stock of the latter. The works are operated by an engine of forty-horse power. The engine and machinery room is 26 x 80 feet, the brick shed 30 x 70 feet, and the tile shed 26 x 100 feet. The business is extensive and constantly improving, the latest improved machinery being in use. The clay of which the brick and tile are made is of the best quality. Mr. Robbins is one of the progressive business men of Greene County. His long experience in his business qualifies him most thoroughly for the position he now occupies. Politically he is a Republican. -*-| "% " 3 i ' I *% j' »-— |ASON LINN, farmer, section 3, Ken- IttV/tll drick Township, was born 'in Butler W^ County, Ohio, November 26, 1826, son of Joseph and Nancy ' (Watson) Linn, who were natives of Pennsylvania, and were the parents of ten children, Mason being the sixth child. When he was a babe his parents removed to La Fayette County, Indiana, where they resided about ten years; thence to Por- ter County for four years; thence to Hender- son County, Illinois, for a short time; thence to Kankakee County, where they lived four years. He was reared a farmer and educated in the common schools. In November, 1848, he was married to Miss Rebecca Kyle, a na- 1 =«!§{ S4ft msfOBf op G'REtiNS: cozrrtrr. tive of Knox County, Ohio, and a daughter of Henry and JSancy (Haskins) Kyle. They resided in Kankakee County until 1854, when, with ox teams and wagons, they came to Greene County, this State, and settled upon the farm he now occupies. At that time there were but six or eight familes in the township. His milling was done at Panora, and his postoffice was at Des Moines. His first residence was a log cabin, about 16 x 18, which served for kitchen and parlor, and where hospitality was extended to the traveler or to a neighbor of the, settlement. He now owns 179 acres of excellent land, which is well improved and well cultivated. He has a good house, a commodious barn, 36 x 44 feet, for stock and grain, and a fine orchard. Mr. and Mrs. Linn have had three children — Mansfield, William Wesley, who died at the age of nine months, and Nancy Ellen. Mrs. Linn died May 7, 1886, lament- ed by all who were so fortunate as to make her acquaintance. She was an affectionate wife, a kind mother and a good neighbor. Politically Mr. Linn is a Kepublican. He is a member of Zerrubabbel Lodge of Lake City, No. 240, A. F. & A. M. D. JAQUES, farmer, section 2, Willow Township, is one of the leading citi- ^| ° zens of Greene County, and the first settler of Willow Township. He turned the first furrow, set the first post, and built the first cabin on the wild prairie of that town- ship. He was born in Canada, near Ham- ilton, July 17, 1842, son of Thomas and Margaret Jaques. When about eight years of age his parents removed to Middlesex County, where he lived ten years. He was reared a farmer, receiving his education in the common schools of Canada. At the age of eighteen years he came to the United States, and for seven years was engaged in various kinds of work and in different States, until 1865, when he returned to his father's house for a visit. He then bade farewell to all the family and started for the Golden State of California, starting from New York via the Isthmus of Panama. He remained in California and vicinity four years. In 1869 he returned to New York, thence to the home of his parents, and in the spring of 1870 came to Greene County and located in Willow Township all alone. His first loca- tion was at the place where his father and brother Benjamin now reside. For several years he bought farms, partially improved them and then sold to persons wishing to buy such farms. He came to his present farm a few years ago. It consists of 360 acres of choice land, and it is one of the best stock farms in Greene County. He has a fine two- story residence, built in modern style and well furnished. He has a large, commodious barn for stock and hay, 74 x 112 feet, feed- lots and stock-scales. He is a member of Golden Gate Lodge, No. 402, A. F. & A. M., at Scranton. He started in life without means, but by hard work and good man- agement he has acquired a fine property. He takes an active interest in educational and religious matters, and is a liberal con- tributor to both. > S i i S « ,LBERT F. HAVER, postoffice Jeffer- ■..\, \s son, is a native of Germany, born Feb- tDP^ ruary 15, 1838, remaining in his native country until fifteen years of age. He then immigrated with his parents to America, sailing from Hamburg June 9, 1853. He landed at New York, where he remained about eighteen months, when he went to BIOGBAPHIOAL sketches. 241 Canada. After residing in Canada for ten years he returned to the United States and settled in Illinois, in which State he made his home about fifteen years, following the tailor's trade the first six years of his resi- dence there. He settled in Greene County, Iowa, in 1883, and since coming here he has met with excellent success in his agricultural pursuits. He is now engaged in general farming on section 33, Hardin Township, where he has a well-cultivated farm contain- ing 160 acres of valuable land. Mr. Eaver has been twice married. His first wife was Lydia Ayres, daughter of Charles Ayres. She was born in England February 25, 1839, her parents being natives of the same country. She died in 1875, leaving four children, as follows — Charlie, May, Lydia and Bartie. For his second wife Mr. Eaver married Miss Bessie "Wilson, who was also a native of England, born in August, 1847, and to this union have been born two children, named Violet and Claude. Both Mr. and Mrs. Eaver are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In his political views he affiliates with the Eepublican party. JWJ" tAEVEY POTTEE, attorney at law, has been a resident of Jefferson since May, 1865. He was the second attorney that settled in that city, the first being Dan Mills, who is still living in Jefferson, but is retired. Mr. Potter was born at Turin, Lewis County, New York, July 17, 1834. His father, Chester Potter, was a stone mason in early life, and a farmer in later years. His mother, Dinah (Miller) Potter, was of Eng- lish and Irish parentage. The Potters were wholly English. Harvey's paternal grand- father was a soldier in the Eevolutionary war, and his father was in the war of 1812. When he was three years of age his father removed with his family to Illinois, settling near Somonauk, DeKalb County. Our subject remained at home until twenty years of age, then went to Wheaton, twenty-five miles west of Chicago, where he sjient six years in the preparatory and college course, graduating July 4, 1860. He attended the law depart- ment of Chicago University and graduated in 1862, with the degree of LL. B. In 1864 he received the degree of A. M. from his Alma Mater. At the time of his graduation from the law department, the civil war was at its height, and he felt that he owed his first duty to his country. Before entering upon his profession, he enlisted, in August, 1862, as a private in Company H, One Hundred and Fifth Illinois Infantry. He was promoted from time to time, until 1863, when he was made First Lieuten- ant of his company. He commanded Com- pany F, of his regiment, during part of his Atlanta campaign, that being the company that captured the colors of the Twelfth Louisi- ana in the battle of Peach Tree Creek. He was struck by a fragment of a shell, at Eesaca, but was not much injured. He participated in several other important events of the Atlanta campaign, and resigned in August, 1864, on account of the illness of his wife. He returned from the army and the following winter taught school. In May, 1865, he settled in Jefferson, and at once entered upon the practice of his profession. He served as United States Assistant Assessor of Greene, Calhoun and Sac counties, in 1866-67, and was the last county judge of Greene 'County, serving in that capacity in 1868-'69. Politi- cally he has always affiliated with the Eepub- lican party, and his first vote was cast for John C. Fremont in 1856. He is a man of culture, having received a thorough literary and legal education. He has been admitted 242 BISTORT OF GREENE COUNTY. to practice in the United States Courts, the Supreme Court of the State of Illinois, and the Circuit, District and Supreme Courts of Iowa. He possesses the Jeffersonian qualifi- cation of honesty, integrity and ability. Judge Henry Booth, dean and leading pro- fessor in the law department of the University of Chicago, paid him the following tribute: " Among all the students of my school, from twenty popular colleges, not one was superior to Harvey Potter." August 24, 1862, he -was married to Miss Mary L. Price, a native of Illinois. She is a woman of education and refinement. Religiously Mr. Potter and wife are devoted and consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and both are devoted to the Sunday-school and other religious work. They graduated at the Chautauqua Sunday-school Assembly at Clear Lake, Iowa, in the summer of 1877. Both have long been active, earnest workers in the cause of temperance and prohibition, Mrs. Potter for some time being State vice-presi- dent of the "Woman's Christian Temperance Union and having charge of the work of that organization in the entire Eleventh Con- gressional District of Iowa. — «*»<§*$«Hi«*-» — ILLIAM LEE, one of the old settlers of Washington Township, residing »T3 on section 6, is a native of Ohio, born in Harrison County May 11, 1816, a son of John Lee, who was born near Rich- mond, Virginia. "William Lee, our subject, was reared to the avocation of a farmer, his education being obtained in the rude log cabin subscription schools. He was married in 1849 to Miss Martha McLain, a daughter of Alanson McLain, and of the eight chil- dren born to this union, five are living — Henry, John, Emma, Daniel and Delbert D. One son, "William, died in 1885 at the age ot twenty-two years. In the fall of 1854 he came to Greene County, Iowa, settling on the farm where he has since resided. His first dwelling was a split-log cabin consisting of one room 16 x 18 feet in size. Elk, wolves, deer, and other wild animals were then in abundance, the surrounding country being in a state of nature. Here the family experienced many of the hardships and pri- vations of pioneer life. Their nearest milling and trading point was Des Moines. He has met with fair success in his farming opera- tions, and by years of toil and industry has acquired his present fine farm of eighty-two acres, all of which is under good cultivation. |EORGE M. GILLILAND, of Paton, a member of the firm of Gilliland Broth- ers, contractors and builders, is a son of Archibald and Mary (Henderson) Gilliland, natives of Beaver County, Pennsylvania, the father born in 1800, now deceased, and the mother in 1818. George M. Gilliland, the subject of this sketch, is a native of Boone County, Iowa, the date of his birth being September 14, 1859. His educational advant- ages were some what limited, he attending the district schools of his native county in his boyhood. At the age of fifteen years he began learning the carpenter's trade, his ancestors being workers or carvers in wood for many years. His grandfather, John Gilli- land, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war and in the war of 1812, being a gunner in the latter war, and was transferred from the land forces to the lakes. Mr. Gilliland has fol- lowed the trade learned in his youth through life, and is considered one of the finest work- men in his part of Greene County. In the fall of 1873 he went to Oregon, where he BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 243 remained till the spring of 1877. The same spring he went to Warren County, Iowa, and returned to his home in Boone County, in the fall of 1878. In the spring of 1881 he came to Paton, Greene County, when he formed a partnership with his brother, A. H. Gilliland, and has since followed contracting and building and during their comparatively short residence here have erected over ninety buildings. Mr. Gilliland has never married, but makes his home with his mother, who is now living in Paton. He never seeks official honors, preferring to devote his entire atten- tion to his business. He is a member of the Odd Fellows' order. |MMERSON JOHN SON, an enterprising f. farmer and stock-raiser of Hardin Township, residing on section 5, was born in Delaware County, Ohio, August 14, 1845, a son of Adam and Sarah Johnson, who were natives of Virginia, and early settlers of Ohio. The mother died in 1878, and the father has since made his home with his children; at present is living with his daughter, Mrs. Wagoner, in Kansas. The father being a farmer, Emmerson was reared to the same avocation, which he has followed through life. At the age of twenty-eight years he rented a farm in Jones County, Iowa, which he farmed for two years. He was united in marriage in 1873 to Miss Cenith Jones, a native of Indiana, born Oc- tober 5, 1848, a daughter of Thomas and Jane (Tatun) Jones, the father born in Mon- roe County, Indiana, November 29, 1819, and the mother a native of North Carolina, born March 25, 1825. The father settled with his family in Jones County, Iowa, in 1863, where he followed farming till his death, which occurred May 3, 1880. His widow, Mrs. Jones, is still living at Grand Junction, Iowa. Nine children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Jones, two sons and seven daughters, Mrs. Johnson being the fourth child. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are keeping two of their brother Newton Johnson's chil- dren, their mother being deceased. They are — Myrtle B., born August 31, 1872, and Alta M., born July 7, 1880. About the year 1869 Mr. Johnson took a trip to the north- western part of Iowa to determine a location, and finally settled on his present farm in Hardin Township. He is one of the self- made men of Greene County, having by fair dealing and hard work acquired his present fine property. He has his land now well improved, and it is considered one of the finest stock farms in Greene County. He devotes considerable attention to the raising of stock, and is making a specialty of Jersey hogs, short-horn cattle and a fine grade of Norman horses. In politics Mr. Johnson affiliates with the Democratic party. Mrs. Johnson is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal church. » l > * i « ILO B. WESTERVELT, farmer, re- sides on section 3, Bristol Township, ¥^5=* where he owns 400 acres of excellent land on sections 2 and 3. He was born in Franklin County, Ohio, December 8, 1856, the only son of James and Kate (Knox) Westervelt, now deceased. He was reared a farmer, and obtained a good education, becoming a teacher before reaching his majority. When twenty-one years of age he entered into a partnership with his uncle, John Knox, in farming and stock-raising, which continued until 1878, when he formed another partnership in the cattle and sheep trade, shipping to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. In 1879 he visited Greene County, stopping only two weeks, then went to California, where he led an active business life for the next two years. He then returned to Greene County, where he spent several months in the abstract and recorder's office, under Recorder Head. Iu 1883 he settled upon his farm, and is now engaged in improving and stocking the same. September 12, 1883, he was united in marriage with Miss Hose, daughter of John and Sarah Diemer, of Wayne County, this State. Mrs. Westervelt was born in that county September 12, 1860. They haye two sons — Alanson K., born July 7, 1884, and Milo B., born December 2, 1885. Politically Mr. Westervelt affiliates with the Republican party. — »-«§*>*•!«**>• — G. LAWRENCE, of the firm of Law- Ij- rence & Haag, the principal real estate ^ a dealers and abstractors in Jefferson, engaged in his present business in January, 1876, at which time he bought a half interest in the Greene County Abstract and Real Es- tate Agency. This business was established in 1867 by W. B, Mayes. Mr. Lawrence possesses the only complete set of abstract books in the county. He has been a resident of Jefferson since 1867, and for six years he was engaged in the bank of Head Brothers. For four years he served as auditor of Greene County. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1844, and came to Iowa with his parents in 1854, the family settling iD Poweshiek County. In 1861 he enlisted in Company F, Tenth Iowa Infantry, and served in Gen- eral Sherman's army until 1865, participating in many of the important events of the war, including the Atlanta campaign and march to the sea, and took part in the grand re- view at Washington. After the war Mr. Lawrence was engaged in farming one year, and was then employed in Mickle & Head's bank at Montezuma for a short time. After- ward he attended school at Davenport, from which place he came to Jefferson. Politi- cally he affiliates with the Republican party. LYSSES B. KLNSEY, section 10, Jnnc- ! \ tion Township, Greene County, was born in Lancaster County, Pennsyl- vania, June 13, 1822, a son of Samuel and Susannah (Beam) Kinsey, who were natives of the same State, the father born in Lancas- ter County and the mother in Chester County. The father is deceased, the mother still living in Junction Township at the advanced age of eighty-six years. Our subject was taken by his parents to Coshocton County, Ohio, in 1827, they settling on a farm in the then new country. He obtained such education as the rude log cabin schools of that early day afforded, his early life being spent in at- , tending these schools and in assisting with the work of the farm. He was married February 1, 1844, to Matilda Draper, a daughter of James and Elizabeth Draper, and to this union have been born five chil- dren — Leander B., Sarah J., Mary I., James IT. and Edgar L., all of whom are married and living in Junction Township. Mr. Kin- sey was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, enlisting in Company I, Fifty-first Ohio In- fantry, as First Sergeant. He was shortly afterward promoted to Quartermaster-Ser- geant, serving as such till December 11, 1864, and participated in the battle of Stone River and a number of skirmishes. He came to Greene County, Iowa, in October, 1869, set- tling where he now lives in Junction Town- ship. He owns eighty acres of land, which he rents to tenants, he working at the qar- W H il H ■ ■■■■■■■ ■ ■■- ■ ■■ ■■■■■■■i E gEBBEEH ■^■^■■■■'■ , ■ ■ - ■ - ■ - ■ ^—- ■ -■^i BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 245 1 ! penter's trade, which he has followed for many years. He began life entirely without capital, and while living in Ohio he failed in business. He came to Iowa without means, but a stout heart and a pair of willing hands. Began here on wild land, which he cleared and improved, and he experienced many of the hardships and privations of pioneer life. He was one of the earliest settlers of Junction Township, locating on his present farm when there was scarcely a house in the township. The first two winters he trapped muskrats, from the sale of which he built his house and helped to pay for his land, at one time taking as many as 2,200 skins to Grand Junction. He never seeks official honors, but has been induced to accept the office of township trustee, which he has filled accept- ably for several years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, also a member of the Grand Army. He and his wife and their daughter, Mrs. Mary Coburn, are members of the Presbyterian church. 1[HAKLES A. WOODS, engaged in farm- lecjj ing and stock raising on section 22 of Franklin Township, is a native of Ohio, born August 18, 1843, his parents, Thomas and Mary A. (Latta) Woods, being natives of Ireland, the father being a farmer by oc- cupation. At the early age of nine years Charles A., our subject, began working in a rolling-mill nail factory, where he was em- ployed for twenty years. He was united in marriage in May, 1863, to Miss Mary H. Potts, who was born in Pittsburg, Pennsyl- vania, November 3, 1846, and died in Greene County, Iowa, July 4, 1882. She was the daughter of David and Mary (Patterson) Potts. To Mr. and Mrs. Woods were born seven children, their names being as follows 21 ° — Minnie, Charles, John, Harry, Cora, Maud and Ethel. In February, 1875, Mr. Woods came with his family to Greene County, when he settled on his farm on section 22, Franklin Township, where he now has a good farm, well improved, consisting of 160 acres. He has on his land a fine maple grove which covers two acres, from which the name of his homestead, "Maple Grove Farm," is de- rived. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, his wife having been a member of the same church. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. Post- office, Cooper, Iowa. fOHJST McCAETHY, mayor of the city of Jefferson, is one of the prominent busi- ness men of that town, though not one of its oldest residents. In December, 1880, he purchased 200 acres of land in Hardin Town- ship, and erected buildings thereon and improved and cultivated the farm. He pur- chased other land adjoining, until he now has 540 acres. The land lies near town and is very valuable; he also owns real estate elsewhere. The total amount of his land in Greene County is 1,040 acres. To Mr. Mc- Carthy, more than to any other man, is due the investigation which led to the production of the numerous artesian wells which now exist in this vicinity. In 1881 he produced one of these wells on his farm near town, and from this well flows an abundance of excellent mineral water. A specimen of the water was analyzed by Professor Hunt of the Agricul- tural College, the formula of which shows that it possesses valuable medicinal proper- ties. The benefit of this well to the fine stock farm of Mr. McCarthy can hardly be estimated. The owner is extensively engaged in raising and feeding and buying and selling 246 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. stock. He is also engaged in the boot and shoe business at Jefferson. Mr. McCarthy was born in the city of Rochester, State of New York, in 1843. Three years later his father, Jeremiah McCarthy, removed with his family to the State of Illinois, and settled in what is now Prairie Center, LaSalle County. Here our subject was reared to the occupation of farming and stock-raising. The father remained in LaSalle County until his decease. Mr. McCarthy was married in Illinois to Miss M. F. Blackwell. Politically Mr. Mc- Carthy is a Democrat. His popularity is indicated hy the fact that in a strong Repub- lican town he was elected mayor by a major- ity of eighty-one votes. They have an adopted son, Fred, born in 1863. » lUl n fAMES W. SMITH resides on section 35, Grant Township, Greene County, Iowa, where his father, Pleasant Smith, settled in July, 1855, having purchased 210 acres of land of Winson Crouse. The father, however, lived but about three years after making his settlement here, dying in 1858. He caught a severe cold while hunting elk the winter following his settlement here and an illness followed which resulted in his death. He left a wife and eight children, four sons and four daughters, the wife dying in December, 1868. Only three of the children are now living. James W. and Sarah live on the old homestead. Jackson resides in "Washington Township. Pleasant Smith was born in Ten- nessee in December, 1799. He married Jane Upton in 1819, removing to Illinois in 1828, thence to Iowa in 1855. Two of his sons served in the Union army during the Rebell- ion. Robert T. was a member of Company H, Tenth Iowa Infantry. He was captured near Missionary Ridge in 1863, and imprisoned at Andersonville, where he died June 24, 1864. James W. owns and occupies the homestead farm. He was born in DeWitt County, Illinois, November 14, 1839. August 15, 1863, he enlisted in Company E, Thirty- ninth Iowa Infantry, and was in the battle of Parker's Cross Roads, Tennessee, December 31, 1862, and also in the battles of Snake Creek, Georgia, May 9, 1864; Horse-shoe Bend, May 16, 1864, and the terrible battle of Allatoona Pass, Georgia, October 5, 1864. At the last mentioned battle he was twice wounded, the first time, while occupying the ditch in front of the fort, receiving a gun-shot wound in the head. After the army had been driven back to the fort, after the third charge, he was shot through the elbow joint of the right arm, which resulted in amputation on the 31st of October. Being disabled by these severe wounds he was sent to army hospitals for treatment as follows: First to Rome, Georgia, and remained there until November, 1864, just before Sherman's "march to the sea;" thence to Chattanooga, Tennessee; thence to Nashville, Tennessee; thence to Jeffersonville, Indiana ; thence to Jef- ferson Barracks, Missouri ; thence to Keokuk, Iowa, where he was discharged May 24, 1865, being in the active service two years and nearly ten months. Notwithstanding his terrible experience in the army his health is good. He was married to Susan A. Bell, daughter of Rev. Watson A. Bell, May 30, 1865, at Sigourney, Iowa. Mrs. Susan A. (Bell) Smith was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1843. They have nine children, seven sons and two daughters. In 1868 while driving a pair of young horses he was thrown from his wagon, receiving great injuries. While trying to escape from the run-away team he fell under the wagon, the wagon passing o'ver him and breaking his lower jaw in two places, and his left leg BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 247 below the knee. After lying at the point of death for several weeks he was restored to health by the kind nursing of his faithful wife, materially assisted by his strong consti- tution and his indomitable will. He fully recovered from these injuries and enjoys the blessing of a sound constitution, carrying the marks of no affliction other than the bullet wounds he received in the service of his country as related above. Politically Mr. Smith affiliates with Republican party. J||E0KGE C. DILLAVOU, farmer, sec- flW ti° n 17, Kendrick Township, was born W^ in Randolph County, Indiana, August 29, 1850, son of James Dillavou, a prominent pioneer of this county. He was five years of age when his father came to Iowa and settled amid the wild surroundings of pio- neer life. His youth was spent in assist- ing his father on the farm, and in attending the common schools of Greene County. He was married March 13, 1879, to Miss Lotta Chase, who was a native of Canada, and a daughter of Rev. John "W. Chase, a promi- nent minister in the United Brethren church, and the founder of the first church of that denomination in Greene County. He was a native of Connecticut, and married Miss Susan Crawford, who was a native of Canada. They lived in Canada several years, and in 1855 came to Iowa, settling in Clayton County, where they lived until 1868, then came to Greene County and settled in Cedar Township. Mr. Dillavou came to his present farm in the spring of 1879, which he pur- chased some time previous. He owns 200 acres of excellent land, and his farm is known as one of the best in his township. He has a good two-story residence built in modern style, with bay window and piazzas, and surrounded with shade trees, and his farm buildings are commodious and comfortable. He is quite extensively engaged in stock- raising and feeding. Mr. and Mrs. Dillavou have had four children — Mahlon J., Statten G. ; Ross L., who died at the age of two years, ten months and fifteen days, and Maud. Politically Mr. Dillavou is a Republican. He served as township clerk when only twenty- one years of age. He has served as a mem- ber of the School Board and township assessor with satisfaction to his constituents. He well remembers seeing the deer and elk run up and down the creek on the farm of his father; seeing and hearing the prairie wolves howl when only a little boy, and at one time getting scared by the wolves, and in the place of seeing carpet-baggers and plug hats, hoops and bustles, or banged hair, he saw the hunter with his coon-skin cap and long rifle on his shoulder, and women dressed plain with long hair. ►^-tjo iWAMES M. HOSHAW, farmer, section 36, Jll Hardin Township, is a native of Shelby ^C County, Ohio, born March 27, 1833, a son of Henry and Elizabeth (Shigley) Hoshaw, who were both natives of Shenandoah County, Virginia. They left their native State in 1811, in which year they settled in Ohio. Both are now deceased. James M. was reared on the home farm till twenty-one years of age, when he began to learn the carpenter's trade, serving an apprenticeship of three years. After twelve years hard work he had saved enough money to purchase a farm of forty acres of improved land in Marion County, Iowa, on which he located in 1856, at that time not a railroad being in the State. He was united in marriage in Shelby County, Ohio, January 2, 1857, and i it ,m B B» g , ra„m a a i» g ni M a» M io M Mi M —iiM M iM M »»S»» 1 ,8J^1g5SMrsrigB.Mi|iia™i'l ■■.■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■nj.»i«pgj t| 248 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. J <5 jl (*. 2 'l 15 to this union were born four daughters — America, Araminta, Matilda and Martha. While a resident of Marion County, Iowa, his wife returned to Ohio, where she died. He was a resident of Marion County about sixteen years, but after the death of his wife he moved to De Witt County, Illinois, where he lived about eight years. He was married . a second time in March, 1868, to Miss Evaline Warrenburg, who was born in Fayette County, Ohio, in November, 1840, her parents, George and Mary Warrenburg, being natives of the State of Virginia. One child has been born to this union — James Henry, born June 10, 1869. Mr. Hoshaw came with his family to Greene County in the spring of 1874, when he settled in Hardin Township, on the farm where he still resides. He is an industrious and enterprising farmer, and his present fine farm of 120 acres has been acquired by years of toil. His land is now under a fair state of cultivation, and well im- proved. Both he and his wife are members of the Christian church, and are classed among the respected citizens of Green County. ►*+« fOSHUA BUEK, one of the self-made men of Greene County, and an old pio- neer of Washington Township, was born in Oswego County, New York, March 31, 1833, a son of Amos S. Burk, who was a native of the same State. The father removed with his family to Carroll County, Missouri, in 1844, and to McDonough County, Illinois, in 1846, where he lived till his death. Joshua Burk, the subject of this sketch, went to Cass County, Illinois, in 1852, where he worked as a farm hand for one man for four years. He was married in the spring of 1856 to Amanda C. Hall, a native of Virginia, and a daughter of John Hall, deceased. They are the parents of eleven children — Viola E., married Tupper Kirby, of Grand Junction, and has two children, named Osa Viola and Edgar P. ; Catherine, wife of Frank Taylor, of Washington Township; Banyer, married Emma John, and lives in Washington Town- ship; John and Amos, twins, living in Wash- ington Township, the latter married to Cora White; Nicholas P., Hannah, Eliza, Lilian, Andrew J. and Isaac J. Mr. Burk came to Iowa with his young wife the same year of their marriage, making the journey with an ox team in about three weeks, when they set- tled on the farm which has since been their home. His first land purchased here was forty acres, for which he paid $100 in work at forty or fifty cents per day, and a note for $54. His first house was built of rough oak boards, and consisted of one room 14 x 16 feet in size. He hauled lumber to the mill for a party, and for his services received a quarter of the lumber, and with this he built his house. This house is still standing in the rear of his present residence. When they first settled in Washington Township the surrounding country was in a wild state, Indians and wild animals being the principal inhabitants, and for several years they were well supplied with wild game. Pork was scarce, selling at 25 cents a pound, and the price of flour in 1857 was $8.25 per hundred weight. Their trading and milling was done at Des Moines. Mr. Burk began life in Iowa without means, but by hard work and strict economy, assisted by the good management of his wife, he has become one of the pros- perous citizens of Greene County. He made his first money on buckwheat which he raised in 1857, taking 101 bushels to Des Moines, and after getting it ground at Walnut Creek Mills, sold it for $3.25 a hundred weight. Mr. Burk is now the owner of 401 acres of valuable land, and has given to his children 240 acres. Mr. Burk was a soldier in the i! I BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 240 war of the Kebellion, serving in Company H, Tenth Iowa Infantry, almost three years. He participated, in the battles of Iuka, Corinth, Missionary Ridge, siege of Vicksburg, Jack- son, Mississippi, and others of minor im- portance, and was wounded in the battles of Corinth and Missionary Ridge. » 3ns » W. JACKSON, farmer, section 14, Greenbrier Township, was born in L® Crawford County, Pennsylvania, March 13, 1843, son of Waterman and Sophia (G-unn) Jackson, the father a native of New York, and the mother of Massachusetts. They were married in New York, and reared a family of eight children — Jane, Augusta, Hiram, Zylpha, Helen M., G. W., Andrew and Asa. The latter, a twin brother of An- drew, is deceased. When our subject was two years of age his parents removed to Portage County, Ohio, where they lived eleven years, then removed to Porter County, Indiana. G. W. was reared a farmer and educated in the common schools. September 5, 1861, he enlisted in the Fourth Battery, Indiana Yolunteers, Captain A. K. Bush commanding. He participated in the battles of Perryville, Stone Kiver and Chickamauga, and other minor engagements. At the latter place he was wounded in the right thigh, and confined in the hospital six months. He re- turned to the service and remained until the term of his enlistment expired, which was three years, and November 2, 1864, he re- enlisted in the same battery, and was pro- moted to Second Lieutenant. He served in that capacity until August 1, 1865, when lie was honorably discharged at Indianapolis, In- diana, and returned to his home. He was married April 6, 1869, to Miss Alice E. Marine, a native of St. Joseph County, Indi- ana, and daughter of Ed. C. and Parthena (McClean) Marine. In 1874 our subject re- moved to Dallas County, Iowa, near Redfield, where he lived four years, engaged in farm- ing. In March, 1878, he removed to Green- brier Township, this county, and settled upon his present farm. His first purchase was eighty acres; he has since added to that until he now owns 240 acres of Greene County's best soil. He has a comfortable house, and ont-bnildings for stock and grain, and is engaged in general farming, stock-raising and feeding. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson are the parents of ten children — Archie A., Sybil Es- telle, Clyde L., George M., O. P. Morton, Ealph, Merle, Percy M., Helen E. and Zylpha. Mr. Jackson is a Republican in polities, and is now serving as township treasurer and member of the school board. He is senior vice-commander of May's Post, No. 264, G. A. R. He started in life without a dollar, but by good management, industry and econ omy he has acquired a fine property. His postofiice is Bagley, Guthrie County. SfOIIN DINAN, one of the self-made M\ men of Greene County, and an enter- ^C prising farmer of Scranton Township, where he resides on section 19, is a native of Ireland, born in County Limerick in 1840. His parents, Thomas and Kate Dinan, never left their native country. They had a family of seven children, our subject being the sixth child, and the only one who came to America. He left Ireland during the war of the Rebell- ion, and landed at New York City in very limited circumstances, but possessed of a stout heart and a determination to succeed in life. He lived at New Haven, Connecti- cut, several years, and was there married to. Miss Letitia Lynch, who was born in County Derry, Ireland. Four children have been m^M^m^^^»Bm^j,m„m m u„m m m m msmsat=x^ ^ SsS^^iRSr. ^3"^^"? ^^'^ Sm i ^^ USiwns < m ^ !a ^ ! M^ 'b" « "b' « "b"b"»"«'ii *S& m BS& hi , » , h"b* 250 HISTORY OF GREfiNB OOtffrTT. born to them, three of whom are living, all natives of New Haven, Connecticut — Thomas, born December 4, 1864; John, born May 24, 1867, and Albert, born September 24, 1871. Their son Kobert was born in Benton County, Iowa, May 5, 1874, and died in the same county January 25, 1878. Mr. Dinan came with his family to Iowa in 1871, and lived in Benton County several years. They after- ward resided in Story County, and from there came to Greene County, settling on his present farm in the spring of 1880. His farm of 160 acres is one of the best in his neighborhood, and almost entirely under cultivation, and is located half on section 19, Scranton Township, and half on section 25, of Richland Township, in Carroll County, which he has acquired by persevering toil and energy, combined with good management, and by his fair and honorable dealings he has won the confidence and respect of all who know him. Politically Mr. Dinan affiliates with the Democratic party. The family are members of the Roman Catholic church. fpAJRLES WALTON, one of the enter- prising citizens of Paton, engaged in 1 contracting and building and dealing in furniture, was born in Toronto, Canada, the date of his birth being February 6, 1859. His father, John Walton, is now a resident of Scott County, Iowa, having settled there with his family in 1861. Our subject lived on his father's farm in Scott County till nine years of age, after which he attended school at Davenport, Iowa, till 1880. lie then came to Paton, Greene County, Iowa, and engaged in contracting and building, which he still follows, and in 1881 he engaged in the furniture business, and is doing a good business. Mr. Walton was married October 7, 1883, to Miss Anna L. Marker, a daughter of Martin V. Marker. Their only child, Irene Blanche, was choked to death at the age of fourteen months. Since coming to Paton Mr. Walton has held the office of con- stable for two years. He is the proprietor of Walton's Hall, which is used for traveling theatrical troupes, and for balls, etc. G. EAGLESON is now serving his r r third term as sheriff of Greene County, ■1° having first assumed the duties of that office January 1, 1882. He settled in the county in 1868. He was born in the town of Cadiz, Harrison County, Ohio, in 1839, and was reared to the occupation of a farmer. He served his country in the war of the Rebellion as a member of Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Ohio Infantry. He enlisted in 1862, and served in the Army of the Potomac until March, 1865. His regiment belonged to Sedgwick's corps — the noted Sixth. He was captured at the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, and was confined at Andersonville for eight months, when he was exchanged. He has never fully recovered from the effects of that terrible experience. He participated in the battle of Martinsburg, West Yirginia, June 14, 1863, and the battle of Mapping Height, July 23, in the same year. On the 6th day of August, 1863, the brigade to which his regiment belonged was ordered to New York to assist in enforcing the draft. They re- joined their corps at Fox's Ford, and partici- pated in the battle of Culpeper Court-House, September 15 ; October 14, battle of Bristol Station ; October 24, battle of Bealten Station November 7, battle of Kelly's Ford; Novem- ber 8, Brandy Station ; November 26, Locust Grove; November 28, Mine Run; May 4, 5, 2 sjjjigsg BBMgfigagEagagi«gag ^ Bl06ttApmGAL SKElOBBS. 251 6, 1864, battle of the Wilderness, being cap- tured on the 6th, and sent to Andersonville as previously stated. He was discharged for disability at' Columbus, Ohio, in March, 1865. He remained in Ohio until he came to Greene County, and was engaged in farming until elected to his present position. Politically Mr. Eagleson is a Republican. While he was in Ohio he was married to Miss Mary Jane Taggart, a native of that State, and they have three children — Nettie, Belle and Clyde. ►3Hf« fUSTUS M. RHOADS, agent of the United States Express Company, at Jefferson, dealer in musical instruments, sewing machines, stationery, cigars, etc., has been prominently identified with the interests of Jefferson since December, 1871, at which time he became a resident of the town. At that time he bought a half interest in the Jefferson _Bee, and in May, 1874, he became sole proprietor and editor of that paper. In October, 1877, he sold a half interest to O. R. Gray. In 1883 he again became sole pro- prietor, and in 1884 sold to the present owner, Mr. E. B. Stillman. Mr. Rhoads was postmaster at Jefferson from July 8, 1873, until November 1, 1885, a period of more than twelve years. In 1881-'82 he was mayor of Jefferson, and is at present a mem- ber of the school board and common council of the town. Mr. Rhoads was born in Pier- pont, Ashtabula County, Ohio, April 8, 1845. In 1856 his father, F. W. Rhoads, removed with his family to Story County, this State, where he died in 1867. In 1861 our subject went to Des Moines and engaged in printing, having previously worked two years in a printing office at Nevada. In the spring of 1864 he enlisted as a member of Company E, Forty-seventh Iowa. He remained in the army four months, and in December, 1864, went to Ohio and again entered the army as a member of the Eighteenth Ohio, serving until July, 1865. After the war closed he returned to Des Moines and was foreman of the Register from 1867 until 1871. In 1863 he crossed the plains with a team to Colo- rado, returning in the fall of the same year. In 1871 he repeated the journey for the ben- efit of his health, and was for a time in the printing business in Central City, in that State. February 3, 1867, Mr. Rhoads was married in Des Moines to Miss Augusta E. Hemingway, a native of Pennsylvania, and for some time a resident of Livingston Coun- ty, New York, being educated at the Nunda Literary Institute in that county. Her father was Nathan Hemingway, one of the pioneers of Des Moines. Mr. and Mrs. Rhoads have five children — Fred H, Charles G., Jennie M., Frank P., and Justus A. The two eldest were born in Des Moines, Jennie in Colorado, and the other two in Jefferson. fAMES DILLAVOU, farmer, section 17, Kendrick Township, is one of the prom- inent pioneers of that township, and was born in Greene County, Ohio, May 15, 1825, son of John and Rebecca (Roberts) Dillavou, natives of New Jersey, who were the parents of eight children, of whom our subject was the youngest. When he was about twelve years of age his parents removed to Randolph County, Indiana, where he lived until twenty- five years of age. He was reared a farmer and received his education in the common schools. He was married May 21, 1848, to Miss Margaret Coon, daughter of John and Mary Coon, a native of Delaware. In 1850 Mr. Dillavou removed to McLean County, Illinois, where he resided five years, and No- m£t^«s a iKnm it u^m^ m m ,m^m ^ :*1 M\ ■■-■-■-■-■-■-■ j-Wiw-my, 5*ti •iui.'^Ji^-r •* jiJm* ^^m*.^**tt-*w j* SmBB&mSmB mSm 252 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. vember 9, 1855, he came to Greene County, locating on his present farm in Kendrick Township. There were about twenty-five families living in the township at that time. He first lived in a tent for some time, and his stock was sheltered in the brush. After a time he built a log. cabin. He had to go forty miles to mill, and his postoffice was at Des Moines; the mail was frequently brought to Jefferson with an ox team. Elk were fre- quently found here at that time. Mr. Dilla- vou owns 460 acres of well-cultivated land, with good improvements. He has a com- fortable house, a commodious barn and out- bnildings for stock and grain. Mrs. Dillavou died May 25, 1862, leaving six children — George, Elza, Rebecca, John, Mary and a babe; two are deceased. October 14, 1866, Mr. Dillavou was married to Mrs. Nancy Morelan, a native of Putnam County, Indi- ana, and daughter of William and Susan Beck. Mrs. Dillavou was the widow of Jackson Morelan and the mother of three children — Evan, William and Jackson. By the second marriage there were eight children — Martha, Samuel, Henry, Ira, Amos, Anice, Stacy and Margaret, deceased. Politically Mr. Dillavou is a Republican, casting his first vote for General Fremont. He has served in most of the township offices, and has served twice as county supervisor. He donated the ground for the Dillavou ceme- tery, and is a liberal supporter of all worthy enterprises. isELVILLE H. RICHARDSON, farm- fft er, resides on section 22, Jackson ^p^ 1 Township, where he owns eighty acres of excellent land, in a good state of cultivation. He has been a residentof Greene County since 1869, and has lived in his pres- ent home about ten years, his residence being on section 2 of the same township. Mr. Richardson came from St. Lawrence County, New York, where he was born September 4, 1834, son of Anson and Polly (Southworth) Richardson, the father a native of Bennington County, Vermont, and the mother of Con- necticut. "Their early life was passed in Bennington County, and the father located in St. Lawrence County when only seventeen years of age, in the year 1806. He settled near where Canton, the county-seat, now is. He made a home in the wilderness and lived there the rest of his days, passing away in 1850, aged sixty-one years. He was Orderly' Sergeant in the New, York militia during the war of 1812, being twice called into the service. His wife survived until 1866, being seventy-two years old at death. Anson Richardson was one of the promoters of [the building of the first Methodist church in St. Lawrence County. During the late war that building was replaced by a more pretentious structure. The father was a class-leader twenty-four years. He raised three children — L uc i us ! now seventy years of age, living near where he was born ; Arvilla, who married Ira Starks, inherited the old homestead, and Melville II., the subject of this sketch, who was reared on the old homestead, and edu- cated in the schools which the limited resources of his native county afforded. In October, 1859, he was married to Miss Nancy Pitt, daughter of William and Jane Pitt, who was born October 27, 1834, also in St. Lawrence County. They were playmates and schoolmates. Mr. Richardson enlisted in Company K~, One Hundred and Forty-second New York Infan- try, August 27, 1862. His regiment was as- signed to the Army of the Potomac. He took partin some of the early historic battles, bnthis health failing, he was placed on detached and lighter duties. He served his full B55»S!!iaiHI!!iS«- w JiJM! h'^V *«-^^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 253 enlistment and returned to his home in St. Lawrence County, where his wife died Febru- ary 17, 1872, whither she had gone in hopes of restoring her failing health. She left one child— Ad ell, born June 21, 1862. For his second wife, Mr. Richardson married, May 2, 1878, Miss Sally Eister, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Eister, who was born in Northumberland County; Pennsylvania, August 8, 1841. Mr. and Mrs. Richardson have no children, but they have an adopted daughter, Lona, daughter of Aaron Hanson. Mr. Richardson's daughter, Adell, married W. A. Young, and they have three children — Ross W., Lydia A. and Harl. In politics, Mr. Richardson is an ardent Republican-, casting his first Republican vote for John C. Fremont. He is a member of Morning Star Lodge, No. 159, A. F. & A. M. — -HrSMHH . — ?AMES L. HUNT, engaged in wagon and carriage making, and painting and re- pairing, Paton, is a native of Illinois, born in Winslow, Stephenson County, May 22, 1851, his father, Elias H., being a native of the State of Massachusetts. He was brought up in a blacksmith and wagon shop, his father and grandfather following the same avocation. Mr. Hunt was united in marriage July 26, 1872, to Miss Martha Pratt, who was born at Edwardsburg, Michigan, Sep- tember 17, 1852, the eldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. I. S. Pratt. To this union were born two children, who are named Abbie R. and Bertha P. In November, 1879, Mr. Hunt brought his family to Paton, Greene County, Iowa, where he has by his reason- able prices and accommodating manners, es- tablished a good business, and has gained the respect of all who have business with him, by his fair and honorable dealings. Since coming to Patoti he has served as president of the school board for one term. He is a member of the Odd Fellows' order. He also belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. Hunt died June 11, 1886, her death be- ing a source of universal regret throughout the community in which she resided. She was a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and an active Sabbath- school worker. «o» ip iS * 2 * *E * y * " * EBULON FERRIN, one of Greene County's wealthiest agriculturists, re- sides upon and owns the entire section 27, of Bristol Township. He settled in his present home in the autumn of 1870, and the improvements upon his 640 acres have all been made by himself. His residence is situated in the northwest corner of the sec- tion and commands a view of the whole. He devotes his farm entirely to stock-raising and feeding, in which he has been successful. Mr. Ferrin was born in Livingston County, New York, May 10, 1829. His father, Zeb- ulon Ferrin, was born in New Hampshire, and his mother, Lucy Belle Wilson, was born in Pennsylvania. They were married in Livingston County, it being the second mar- riage of each, and each having a family by the former marriage. At the age of ten years our subject was orphaned by the death of his parents, and he was left a poor boy to fight the battles of life in his own behalf. Thrown entirely upon his own resources, those sterling qualities necessary to the high- est degree of manhood were developed in him; but the lessons of life thus early learned were hard ones. They were well learned, however, and never forgotten. From the day which left him an orphan, to this day of prosperity, he has never had a dollar ^ ^ ZzZ^JzZ ^ ^^^zZz^ Ji 'i J^kf^^t^/ »>-%>**' s'*K.f>*.S1iL_t'm.f»*Lj^*-+t t S^r*k.t* **Ljy*j'+s-+t-'^J^*'*J**J'} 254 M'lSfOk'y OF GREteNB GOtJ'NTt. that was not earned by himself, the legiti- mate reward of his own industry. When twenty years of age he left his native county and settled in Du Page County, Illinois, where he lived several years, then removed to Bureau County, same State, in 1863. What means he had earned he used in col- lecting a drove of horses, which he took to California, crossing the plains and moun- tains. His venture was a very successful one and netted him a handsome profit. Re- turning home via the Isthmus and New York City, he stopped in Ashtabula County, Ohio, where he bought a farm, then pro- ceeded to Illinois. At the Adams House in Chicago, December 29, 1864, he was united in marriage with Miss Martha S., daughter of Frederick and Vesta (Remmick) Boydan, who was bom in New Hampshire, August 11, 1838, and was also orphaned when quite young. Mr. and Mrs. Ferrin commenced house-keeping on the Ohio farm, and later removed to Bureau County, Illinois, where they lived until they came to Greene County. Their three children are all deceased. Yiria Belle died at the age of two years; Charles Z. died at the age of one year, and Wilbur R. died at the age of five months. Politically Mr. Ferrin belongs to the_ Greenback party, and has served as township trustee. He is a member of the Ancient and Progressive or- der of Free Masons, Morning Star Lodge, JSTo. 159, Jefferson. J|gj||j|ILLIAM H. ADAMS resides on sec- wSifl ^ on ^' G^ 1 ^ Township, where he \-j3jOi settled in" 1880, having purchased land of the Walter Rhoads estate. The land was entered by Thomas Roberts, but was pur- chased by Mr. Rhoads in 1856. Mr. Adams came to Greene County in the fall of 1855 and settled in Washington Township. His father, William Adams, purchased a tract of land in Dallas Township, Dallas Cdunty, in 1855, and also purchased a tract in Washing- ton Township, Geeene County. He now lives in Dallas County. William H. settled upon the land which his father purchased in Washington Township, which he improved, and lived there "until he came to his present home. He was born in Jackson County, Ohio, in 1832, and when he was two and a half years of age, his parents removed to Champaign County, Illinois. In 1855 he came to Iowa, stopping a few days with Mr. John Ganoe, in Dallas County. In the spring of 1855 his father came and made the purchase, before mentioned, and our subject has been a resident of the county since that time. He has 460 acres in his homestead farm, and also owns land in Washington Township, owning over 800 acres in all. His parents were natives of Ohio, and had twelve children. Four sons and three daughters are now living. Charles and George W. live in Washington Township. Our subject was married to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Wal- ter and Mary Rhoads, who were natives of Maryland, and removed to Greene County, Ohio, when they were young, where they lived until their marriage, then removed to Champaign County, Illinois, about 1830. In 1855 they came to Greene County, this State, and settled where Mr. Adams now lives, re- maining until their decease, the father dying in September, 1861, and thejmother in 1871. They had ten children, eight of whom are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Adams have nine children — William W., John W., Lewis A, Warren, Mary A, Frances E., Minnie, Yiana and Jemima. Laura, the eldest daughter, died at the age of five years. Mr. Adams is a Republican in politics, and cast his'first Presidential vote for John C. Fremont, in jBsgsgMggBHSgsg aaMgg L BIOGRAPHICAL SKSi'CHSS. 1856. His next vote was cast for Abraham Lincoln. Himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. • K> *~"' Y fl ' > 3 ' * l * y* -*** fILLIAM S. PAUL, farmer, residing on the northwest quarter of section S^I 15, Scranton Township, was born in Linn County, Iowa, July 26, 1843, a son of Jonathan and Dorcas Paul. His parents came from Greene County, Pennsylvania, to Linn County, Iowa, in a very early day, being among the first settlers of that county. They settled in Brown Township, that county, a few months before the birth of our subject. They are still -living in Linn County, well advanced in years. They are the parents of seven children — Mrs. Margaret Kramer, of Linn County; "William S., whose name heads this sketch; George, of Linn County; Wilson, of Greene County, Pennsylvania; Mrs. Eachel M. Dean, of Linn County; Alexander H., still unmarried, living with his parents, and Jonathan T., also a resident of Linn County. William S. Paul came to Scranton Township in 1876, and in the spring of 1877 settled on his present farm, his residence being one mile southwest of Scranton City. His land when he settled on it was almost entirely un- improved, and he has improved and brought his farm under good cultivation, and the building improvements are his work. He was married in Scranton Township, Decem- ber 20, 1877, to Miss Susan Campbell, who was born in Linn County, Iowa, December 20, 1849. They have two children living — Eachel D. and Thomas T. Their first born, Myrtie E., died aged five years and five months. Mrs. Paul is a member of the Sec- ond Advent church. In politics Mr. Paul is identified with the Democratic party. He is a member of Scranton Lodge, No. 357, I. O. O. F., and also belongs to the Ancient Order of United Workmen at Scranton. As a citi- zen and neighbor Mr. Paul ranks high with all who know him, having by his fair and honorable dealings gained the confidence and esteem of the entire community. » S i i ; » S. SCHEKMEKHORN, M. D., has been a member of the medical fra- ternity of Greene County since July, 1870, at which time he located at Jefferson. He was born in the town of Deerfield, Oneida County, New York, in 1833. He began the study of medicine in 1850, at Frankfort, Her- kimer County, and graduated at the Albany Medical College in 1853. The following year he settled in Lodi, Columbia County, Wis- consin, where he was engaged in the practice of his profession for a period of twelve years, save the time spent in the army. In the fall of 1864 he was commissioned as Assistant Surgeon of the Sixteenth Wisconsin, and served through the Atlanta campaign and in the march to the sea. In the fall of 1867 he went to Portage City and engaged in the revenue service as assistant assessor and col- lector under General Hammond, resigning in July, 1870. Politically the doctor has always alliliated with the Kepublican party, and while a resident of Wisconsin was an ardent worker in the interests of that party, and in 1866 represented his district in the Legislature. He is a member of the Iowa State Medical Society, and of the American Medical Asso- ciation. He is a prominent Mason and a Knight Templar, a member of the Em- mans Commandery at Jefferson. He was married in the State of New Fork to Jane Loomis, who was born in Frankfort, Herki- mer County. They have four children Hattie, wife of L. L. Smullin, agent of the J'^**+.r*±J*k »»fc.«*a>j=-^i t j-fcjHfc^w > *hh rt+, rti i j~**i*J<*j>'^.rfm t j*+.^ n>i»i«i ggaggi >■►*_/--*,,,'»,<'*>■'«*. ■■■■■■■■■ 5 W-»«".»i S18T0MT OF QUBfiHE COUNTY. 3«5 I ! i: M? . ! < 1 1 1 Northwestern Railroad Company at Jeffer- son ; George, now a student at the Agricult- ural College at Ames, and two younger daughters, Grace and Mary. The two eldest were born in Wisconsin, and the two youngest in Jefferson. The doctor and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church, of which he has been an elder for thirty years. Dr. Schermerhorn's parents, Evart L. and Marga- ret (Smith) Schermerhorn, were natives of New York. He was only three years old when his father died, and his mother died when he was thirteen years old. He was thus left an orphan in early life. He acquired sufficient education to enable him to teach, and in that way he defrayed the expenses of his medical education. SRANCIS J. HUGHES, one of the well- to-do farmers of Greene County, resid- ing on section 12, Junction Township, was born in Lanark County, Upper Canada, March 1, 1854, a son of Francis Hughes, who is now a resident of Junction Township. Francis J., our subject, was reared a farmer, and has always followed that avocation, and in his boyhood received the benefits of the common school. He came with his parents to the United States in 1865, locating in Kane County, Illinois, and in March, 1869, came to Greene County, Iowa. He was en- gaged in working on the Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad part of two summers during the construction of that line. He now devotes his entire attention to farming and stock-raising, and by his persevering industry and good management he has accumulated a fine property, his farm containing 200 acres of choice land. Mr. Hughes was united in marriage September 9, 1880, to Miss Nettie B. McFarlin, a daughter of Abraham Y. McFarlin, of Clinton County, Iowa. Of the three children born to this union only two are living, named Ethel and Mabel. i-JWf* OBERT WOOD settled in Greene County |f in 1868, first locating in Jackson Town- *=^, ship, where he bought 125 acres of land upon which some improvements had been made. A little breaking had been done and a shanty had been built. He removed to his present home on section 33, Bristol Township, where he has a good farm and a comfortable house. Mr. Wood was born in Rutland County, Vermont, June 20, 1830, son of Samuel S. and Eliza (Niles) Wood, who were also natives of Vermont. He was reared in St. Lawrence County, New York, where his father died. His mother afterward lived with a married daughter, and died in the State of New Hampshire. Mr. Wood was married to Miss Samantha J. Briggs, daughter of Caleb and Alsina Briggs, who was born in Vermont, June 30, 1831. Her parents removed to Franklin County, New York, in 1834. In August, 1862, Mr. and Mrs. Wood came West, and made a home in the township of Dane, Dane County, Wis- consin, remaining there until they came to Greene County, where they have lived over nineteen years. They have five children — Edmund S. and Elmer A. are general mer- chants at Jefferson, under the firm name of E. S. Wood; Fidelia D. is the wife of H. C. Parker, of Howard County, Nebraska; Elias R. is a general merchant at Lohrville, Cal- houn County, this State; Lillie May married William Kinsman, of Bristol Township. Mr. Wood lias served as trustee, road supervisor, and as school direcor. Few men have taken a more active part in promoting the efficiency of the common schools. His own children I 1 .Mm ■■ ■ »aa«aH S» »M.I'al -n»mi,ir M »„i». BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. have had excellent educational advantages, and all except Elmer have been teachers. Mr. and Mrs. "Wood are members of the Baptist church, and are practical Christians. Mr. Wood is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Garfield Lodge, No. 62, at Jefferson. HDWAED P. FRENCH was born in Onondaga County, New York, Septem- ber 9, 1838, a son of E. Y. P. French. Pie received a good education in the schools of his native county. He came "West in 1855, and lived in Grundy County, Illinois, eleven years, coming to Iowa in 1866. He lived in Muscatine County until 1880, when he removed to Greene County and located on section 30, Paton Township, where he owns a small farm. He has been employed as teacher in public schools much of the time since 1856; was principal of the public schools of "West Liberty, Muscatine County, from 1868 to 1872, and is now (1887) teach- ing at Paton. Mr. French was married June 26, 1861, to Eleanor K. McFarlane, a native of Trumbull County, Ohio. They have had five children, four of w T hom are living — Eugenio, Hettie, Clark and Mary. Mr. French is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and is now worshipful master of Gem Lodge, No. 429, Paton. fRANCIS HUGHES, one of the old pio- neers of Greene County, residing on section 12, Junction Township, is a native of Ontario, Canada, born in Lanark County, December 25, 1825. His father, Owen Hughes, was born in County Cavan, Ireland, coming to America when quite young, and lived in Canada till his death. Francis Hughes received such education as the log cabin subscription schools of a new- country afforded. He was married July 24, 1848, to Miss Rebecca Avery, a daughter of Captain Benjamin Avery. Of the thirteen children born to this union, eight are still living — John, Mary, Frank, Joseph, Rebecca, Carrie, Rose and Ella. Mr. Hughes*came to Augustus, Iowa, in 1859, and in I860 re- turned to Canada. In 1865 he settled in Kane County, Illinois, where he lived till 1869, when he came to Greene County, Iowa, and for a time was employed on the Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad. He settled on his present farm in the spring of 1871, then a tract of wild prairie, but by industry and persevering energy he has made good improvements on his farm, w,hich now con- tains 160 acres of well-cultivated land. In his religious faith Mr. Hughes is a Catholic. l n *-u4|pi>-3M£^frl>-*o» EV. S. E. JENKS resides on sec- tion 29, Kendrick Township, and has been identified with the interests of Greene County for many years. He was born in Canandaigua, New York, September 5, 1818, son of Clark and Elizabeth Jenks, who were the parents of six children, our subject being the fifth child. "When he was three years of age his father removed to Geauga County, Ohio, where they lived four years, thence to Cuyahoga County, where he resided seventeen years. He was reared a farmer and received a common-school educa- tion, also studied at home. "When twenty years of age he removed to Stephenson County, Illinois, and lived there four years. He was married May 31, 1845, to Miss Eliza- beth Ann Carney, a native of Kentucky, and daughter of Andrew and Martha Carney. Soon after his marriage he removed to Greene <5 t ir 1 1 1 ■ ■w*n"HgiiHag5Hi ia . , m ,,,. a W |B |lBiM M M,|W„M„ W ^, M ~ M „ W i ! HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. County, Wisconsin, where he lived until 1868, thence to Benton County, Iowa, for one year, thence to this county, where he has since re- sided. He purchased 160 acres of wild land with no improvements except a rude board shanty. The Jenks farm is now known as one of the best farms in the township. He has a good story-and-a-half residence, sur- rounded with shade trees, a native grove, orchard, and comfortable farm buildings for stock and grain. Mr. and Mrs. Jenks have nine children — Sarah Jane, Daniel Jefferson, Albert Ensign, Andrew Clark, Edmond Riley, Martha Zuba, Emery Lincoln, Harriet Au- gusta and Lillian Josephine. Mr. Jenks cast his first vote for General Harrison, and has since voted on that line of politics. He is a consistent member of the United Brethren church, and served as an ordained minister for twenty-five years. He has always been an earnest worker in the cause of his Master. f\ENRY INFIELD, farmer, section 10, Junction Township, Greene County, was born in Coshocton County, Ohio, November 24, 1840, a son of John Infield, of Owen County, Indiana, who was a native of Bedford County, Pennsylvania. Our subject was reared a farmer, and received in his youth the benefits of the common schools, where he obtained a fair education. He was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, serving in Company I, Ninety-seventh Ohio Infantry, almost three years. He participated in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Missionary Ridge, Charleston, Tennessee, Rocky Face Ridge, Resaca, Adairsville, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek, Atlanta, Jones- boro, Lovejoy Station, Franklin and Nash- ville, Tennessee, receiving his discharge at Nashville, June 10, 1865. During the war his regiment lost in killed and wounded 534 men. In the fall of 1865 Mr. Infield settled in McLean County, Illinois, where he worked as a farm laborer till April, 1870, when he came to Greene County, Iowa, and purchased land. He located in Greene County perma- nently June 1, 1871, since which he has lived on his present farm, where he owns eighty acres of well cultivated land. Decem- ber 1, 1871, he was married to Miss Josephine Kinsey, a daughter of Ulysses B. Kinsey, of Junction Township. They are the parents of two children whose names are Minnie and Ida. In politics Mr. Infield casts his suffrage with the Republican party. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and of the Odd Fellows, belonging to the latter order for eighteen years. » ;nS « ,LFRED ALLISON, one of Greene County's pioneers, resides on section •^ 15, Cedar Township, where he owns 280 acres of valuable land. He was born in Yorkshire, England, in September, 1829, the eldest of five children of Job and Anna (Coates) Allison. His parents left England in 1830, sailing from Liverpool and landing in Quebec in May. In 1832 they returned to England. He was reared in his native coun- try, and was there married October 22, 1850, to Miss Ann Arnett, who was born in York- shire, in May, 1827, a daughter of Thomas and Hester Arnett. They started immedi- ately for America, sailing from Liverpool, October 25, 1850. They landed at New Orleans, December 16, and from there went to Mobile, Alabama, where they lived until June, 1851, when they moved to Rock Coun- ty, Wisconsin, where they lived fourteen years. In 1854 he bought eighty acres of land, which he improved. In September, jmSSSSaSmSSSSSmSii^SSa^M i"i"i fmJSmSmSmL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 259 1865, they moved to Greene County, Iowa, and settled near where they now live on a tract of unimproved land. His first home in the county was a log cabin, and at the time of his settlement there were but six families in the township. He now has a good house, and other farm buildings, an orchard of bear- ing trees, and all his surroundings betoken the thrifty and energetic farmer. From 1877 until 1882 he was postmaster at Cedar Creek, the postoffice being at his house. In politics Mr. Allison is a Eepublican. He and his wife are members of the Episcopal church. They have three children — John W. ; Eliza A., wife of G-. E. Waters, and Mary J ., wife of William J. Bryant. «*-»i | « 3nS » | i">-* " ^EBOY BUEK, farmer and stock-raiser, residing on section ,32, Washington Township, Greene County, and a teacher in district No. 4 of the same township, was born in McDonough County, Illinois, Febru- ary 22, 1855, his parents, Amos S. and Catha- rine A. Allen, being natives of the State of New York. They had a 'family of fourteen children, seven sous and seven daughters, nine still living — James A., Joshua, Archi- bald, Albro A., Eineline, Fernando C, Leroy, Sarah J. and Samantha. Selina, Goldsbrow B., Caroline, Mary L. and Celestia P. are de- ceased. The father is deceased, and the mother still lives on the old homestead in Washington Township with our subject, aged seventy-two years. Leroy Burk, whose name heads this sketch, was brought to Greene County, Iowa, in 1856, in which year his parents settled on the farm which is now owned and occupied by him, and here he grew to manhood, being reared to agricultural pur- suits. He received fair educational advantages, attending the Normal schools of Greene Coun- ty, and at the age of eighteen years began his career as a teacher, and since that time has made teaching his principal occupation, be- coming well and favorably known as a popular instructor. He is quite a successful agriculturist, and owns eighty acres of choice land where he resides. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. nSn; « |EOEGE EOBINSON, one of Greene County's pioneers, and an enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of Franklin Township, is a native of New York, born April 26, 1840, his parents, Ezekiel and Catherine (Bushman) Eobinson, being natives of the same State. They subsequently be- came residents of Carroll County, Illinois. George Eobinson was reared to the avocation of a farmer, remaining with his parents till attaining the age of twenty-six years. Jan- uary 1, 1866, he was married to Miss Almira, daughter of E. and Julia (Jones) Townsend, natives of New York, of whom the mother is deceased. Mr. Townsend is now living in Michigan. Mrs. Eobinson is a native of New York, the date of her birth being Feb- ruary 21, 1841. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Eobinson — Agnes, born in New York, February 23, 1867 ; Edith, born in Greene County, Iowa, January 3, 1871; Delbert J., born in Greene County, July 8, 1875, and died January 1, 1876, and Herbert W., also a native of Greene County, born March 8, 1878. Mr. Eobinson came to Greene County, Iowa, March 14, 1866, and has since followed agricultural pursuits on his farm on section 10, Franklin Township, where he has forty acres of well improved and highly cultivated land. Beside his home farm he also owns forty acres on section 11 of the same township, his property having been SHaSf ™M"™™M™I»™ M™B ■■■»■■■»■' HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. acquired by persevering industry and good management. In politics Mr. Robinson casts his suffrage with the [Republican party. He is a member of the Knights of Pvthias, belonging to Garfield Lodge, Jefferson. Post- office, Cooper, Iowa. ffHERON A. MILLETT resides on sec- tion 17, Grant Township. The land was purchased by his father, Alexander Millett, April 1, 1886, of whom he bought it the following October. He was born in Lenawee County, Michigan, in 1844, and was reared to the occupation of a farmer. He was married in Michigan, in 1870, to Miss Mary A. Simmonds, also a native of that State. He came to Greene County, Iowa, and settled four miles from Jefferson, in Grant • Township, where he lived until 1885. He then removed to his present home. He has eighty acres of land in his home farm, and also twenty acres of timber land else- where in the township. Mr. and Mrs. Mil- lett have four children — Erwin, Alma, Her- bert and Amy. Mrs. Millett was born in Lenawee County, Michigan, in December, 1849. Her parents were Stephen and Ann Simmonds, natives of England. Her father died in Lenawee County, in 1886, and her mother is still living. Her parents had seven children, all of whom are living, but none are residents of Iowa except herself. Mr. Millett is the only one of his father's family residing in Greene County. The following is a brief sketch of the life and death of Alexander Millett, the father of our subject: Mr. Alexander Millett died at his residence, near Jefferson, April 7, 1886, at the ripe age of seventy-three years, eight months and ten days. He was born in Wayne County, New York, and remained there until the year 1838, when he came to Michigan, purchased a farm, built a residence, then returned to his native town and married Miss Hannah Hoag and settled upon his farm in Michigan. In 1870 he came to Greene County, and located upon a farm four miles south of Jefferson. His wife died June 8, 1872, leaving five boys and one girl — Theron A, Jonathan H., Ed- mund P., who died October 11, 1873, Mar- tin IL, Eosetta V., wife of Robert Clopton, of Adrian, Nebraska, and Frank. In 1874 Mr. Millett was married to Mary Blyler, who was a very kind and affectionate wife. She died February 15, 1878. In 1879 he mar- ried Lillie E. Hall, who has been a kind wife and an indulgent mother, doing everything' to make his last days pleasant and free from care. Two small children were left with the mother, to whom the prudent plannings of the deceased secured an ample competency. For sixteen years he was one of the leading farmers of Greene County, and he died re- spected by all who knew him. As a business man, he was upright and honest in his deal- ings ; as a friend and neighbor he was thought- ful and accommodating, and as a citizen, he enjoyed the highest respect of the whole community. As a husband and father he was kind and affectionate, and as a business man, was very successful. ■ c *" , *'*[t*3^ , S*3**-*" f[ALVIJST GOODRICH, a successful ag- riculturist of Scranton Township, re- ... 1 siding on section 17, was born in Mont- gomery County, New York, the date of his birth being October 18, 1847. He is a son of Ebenezer and Elizabeth Goodrich, and brother of Washington Goodrich, of Scranton Town- ship. He was reared in his native county, remaining there till nineteen years -of age, when he went with his father's family to j^assossssma^D^sffl! »» «"» ■■» ■.»■—■ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 263 Barry County, Michigan, living there two years. On attaining his majority he went to Kendall County, Illinois, and made his home in Kendall and Lee Counties, that State, un- til he came to Greene County, Iowa, in 1881, when he settled on his present farm. While living in Lee County he returned to Barry County, Michigan, for his bride, Miss Grace E. Chapman, a daughter of Ruluff Chapman, whom he married September 8, 1872. After their marriage they made their home in Ken- dall County, Illinois, for a time. They are the parents of six children; their names given in order of their birth being as follows —Floyd C, Zaidie V., Orlow L., Verdie H, Harris V. and Ivan P. His farm consists of 120 acres of choice land, eighty acres of which had been broken by the former owner. The present residence and commodious farm buildings have been erected by Mr. Good- rich, and he has brought his land under a good state of cultivation. In his political views Mr. Goodrich is independent, voting for men, not party. He is a member of the Farmers' Alliance, and believes that farmers should be prepared to act together, and to act more in- telligently, in order to protect their own in- terests, the greatest in the Nation. He also believes that until they make themselves felt as a political, power against monopolists in land and other large capitalized interests that the evils now endured cannot be remedied. «■■ ipi j > « 3 * * S * y 1 " * b> LIVER J. WHITE, one of the pioneers of Greene County, was born in the town of Sandisfield, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, in 1830. At the age of sev- enteen years he ran away from home and went to New York, where he tried to enlist for the Mexican war, but being too young and too small was rejected, and therefore he 23 shipped aboard of the whaling vessel Mary at the port of Nantucket, Massachusetts. The first landing the vessel made was at the Island of Juan Fernandez, in the Pacific Ocean, an island made famous by being the residence of Alexander Selkirk. The vessel was five and a half months in reaching that island. The second landing made was at Callao, near Lima, Peru. At Peru he ran away from the vessel, but remained at Callao about three months. He worked at shoe- making a part of the time, a trade he had already worked at for some time previous, and a portion of the time he was in the em- ployment of vessels in the harbor. When he left Callao he shipped aboard an Ameri- can whaler called The Leonidas. With this vessel he cruised around the coast ot South America, spending about three weeks on Albemarle Island, one of the Galapa- gos cluster, then cruised off the coast ot California, and down the coast of Peru, and put into Arica. Here the crew mutinied. After the difficulty was settled the vessel resumed its cruising, visiting Easter Island, at that time inhabited by cannibals; thence to Juan Fernandez and other islands; thence to Valparaiso, Chili, where he again ran away, remaining at the latter place about three weeks. He left the vessel because he felt that he had seen enough of the world for one trip, and resolved to leave the first oppor- tunity. The whaling vessel Uncas lay in the harbor about to return to New Bedford, but the crew being full he could not ship as a hand, and had no money to pay his passage home. So he stowed himself away in the "hold," only one sailor being cognizant of his presence on board. When he made his appearance on deck, after the vessel was well under way, the captain was very angry, or at least pretended to be, and threatened to put him aboard the first vessel they met and '■'■■■■»■■■'.■■■■■■ ■ .»■ ■ . | E B M "M«Lli HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. send him back, or else put him off on some island; but Mr. White soon gained his favor by taking a hand at the watch, and in time he reached New Bedford. He remained at home about two years, then took passage on board a merchant vessel bound for Australia, and was 154 days in reaching his destination, stopping at Peruambuco, in Brazil. His next landing was at Cape Town, on the southern extremity of the coast of Africa, where the vessel remained three weeks taking on supplies. Their next landing was at Melbourne, Australia. Soon after reaching that point Mr. White joined a party for the mines, 125 miles in the country. The cost of living at Bendigo, the mining town, was too great for his resources, and he returned to Melbourne and commenced working at his trade. He is said to be the first journeyman peg shoemaker that ever worked in Australia. He worked there about eight months, then returned to the mines, where he remained two years, then went back to Melbourne. At this time the excitement attending the finding of gold in large quantities in the Amazon regions of South America reached Australia, and Mr. White decided to join the " rush " for that country. He accordingly shipped aboard a merchant vessel for Callao. On the voyage from Australia to Callao he was robbed of all he had made in Australia, which was no small sum. This left him poor, but did not discourage him from trying to make more. He found that the gold report was gotten up by vessel owners to catch the passenger traffic across the ocean, and consequently he was again obliged to resort to his trade as a means of support. He was soon attacked with that dread scourge, yellow fever. He became reduced very low, but finally recovered, and soon afterward took passage on board a British steamer, went to Panama, crossed the isthmus; thence to New York, and again safe at home. His intention was to return to Peru, but his friends pre- vailed upon him to abandon the project, and he accordingly went to work at his trade in North Adams, Massachusetts. Two years later, in 1856, he came to Linn County, Iowa, having a sister living in Marion in that county. In the fall of 1857 he came to Jef- ferson, where he has worked at his trade most of the time since. He was the first shoe- maker, and the first boot and shoe merchant in Jefferson. In 1860 he purchased eighty acres of land in Hardin Township, and later added a fractional eighty to his first purchase, which he improved and still owns. He has devoted much attention to fruit-growing, making a specialty of apples. He has about eighty varieties of crab apples, and has made a great success, and has also been successful in getting a fine flowing artesian well in his orchard. He was married in Jefferson in 1861 to Miss Sarah Ann Stiles, a native of Greene County, Ohio. She came to Iowa with her father, Job Stiles, now a resident of Jefferson. Mr. and Mrs. White have five children now living — Ed. Grant, Fred C, Elsie E., Osa K. and Harley A. Their first child, Volney, died at the age of thirteen months. Mr. White's father, Jedediah White, was a native of Litchfield, Connecticut. He is a direct descendant of Peregrine White, the first child born in the Plymouth Colony. O. J. White's early education was under the auspices of the Calvinistic dogmas, his father belonging to the Baptist school (close com- munion), and very devoted to the observance of the rules and rites of the church, and as a matter of duty the father endeavored to impress on the mind of his son the strict observance of the same. But the develop- ment of the brain in the region of veneration and surrounding faculties created in the child a spirit of inquiry, which led him gradually into the belief that man was a creature gov- erned by natural law, came into the world by the laws of nature, and goes out of the world in the same manner. And all the allegiance he owes to a Supreme Being is to obey as near as possible the laws of nature, ignoring entirely the idea of a personal God. Taking the broad ground of Pantheism, believing that religion is true reverence of nature, and worship is obedience to or of natural law. » S i i ; « MARSHALL B. McDUFFIE, one of the leading business men of Jeffer- son, has been a resident of this town since 1865. He was born in Schoharie County, NewYork, in 1842, and removed when a child to St. Helena, "Wyoming County. He was educated at the Nunda Literary Institute in Livingston County, and soon after engaged in teaching. In 1865 he settled in Jefferson, and was for a time principal of a school at this place; but receiving the appointment of postmaster, he resigned before the close of his first term and entered upon the duties of his office. He held the office of postmaster two years, and during that time served as county superintendent of schools. He was county auditor two terms, or four years, and was afterward engaged in the drug business until the organization of the City Bank of Jefferson in 1876, of which he was one of the founders. He was cashier of this bank until 1886, when he resigned and was suc- ceeded by Mr. Hughes. The success to which this institution has attained is due in a large degree to the business ability of Mr. McDuffie. He is a brother of I. J. McDuffie, who was long a prominent member of the Greene County bar, but is now a resident of Le Mars, Iowa. In 1876 Mr. McDuffie re- turned to Nunda, New York, and was united in marriage with Miss Sophia B. Warner, a daughter of L. B. Warner, a prominent mer- chant of that town. Mr. and Mrs. McDuffie have five sons — Duncan, Lewis, Robert, Charles and William. \ENRY W. DICKINSON is the homoe- opathic physician and surgeon of ~*M Jefferson. He was born in Ithica, Tompkins County, New York. In 1857, while an infant, his parents removed to Schenectady County, New York. He re- ceived his literary education at Union Col- lege, where he was a student for two years. When he was quite young his father died, and his mother died when he was nineteen years of age. At the age of twenty years he went to Chicago, and was for one year assistant editor of the Railway Review, pub- lished in that city. He began the study of medicine in the fall of 1878, with Dr. Har- lam P. Cole, professor of anatomy in the Hahnemann Medical College, of that city, and graduated at that institution in 1881. During the last two years of his college course he was demonstrator of anatomy. He began practice at Clarksville, Butler County, Iowa, where he was local surgeon for the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & North- ern Railroad for two years, and was also county physician of Butler County one year. While at Clarksville he was associated with A. F. Tichenor, but owing to ill health he sold out his practice to his partner, with a view of going to California. Having occasion to stop in northern Missouri, he found him- self improving in health, and believing that Jefferson afforded a good location for a homoeopathic physician, he decided to locate here. He is a thoroughly educated physi- cian, and has a large and lucrative practice, -~» — " — »■-■-» » — M"1»M"1"M»M™ M 1 266 HI8T0RY OF GBEENE COUNTY. He lias an enviable reputation both as a physician and a citizen. Dr. Dickinson was married in Clarksville to Miss Anna Kilts, a daughter of Christopher Kilts, of that town. -*o» iii O i n ^ t l £ « —**hu *o» E. BEEEY, farmer, section 27, Green- brier Township, was born in Davis ' County, Iowa, April 23, 1846, son of James and Nancy (McConnell) Berry, who reared a family of eight children— -Thomas, J. E., John, Samuel, Ephraim, Margaret, William and Mary E. Mr. Berry was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools. He learned the carpenter's trade, and has followed it many years. He was married March 9, 1873, to Lucinda Breeding, daughter of Alexander Breeding, a promi- nent pioneer Of Davis County. In 1879 he came to this county, locating upon his present farm, which was then in its wild state. He has since made good improve- ments, has a comfortable house and a good barn and orchard. His farm consists of 120 acres of as good land as can be found in Greene County. Mr. and Mrs. Berry have two sons — William Guy, born May 1, 1876, and Thomas G., born June 20, 1881. Politi- cally Mr. Berry is a Bepublican. He takes an active interest in educational matters, and in the improvement of Greene County. ayfeARIOJS WIGHT, postoffice Cooper, alvfw en g a g e d in general farming and stock- ^kt^* raising on section 10, Franklin Town- ship, is a native of Allegany County, New York, born May 17, 1837, a son of Zial and Caroline (Van Buren) Wight, his maternal grandfather being a cousin of President Van Buren. His parents had a family of eight children, he being the seventh child. When four years of age he was taken by his parents to Chautauqua County, New York, where he remained till twenty years old, his early life being spent in assisting with the work of the farm and attending the common schools. At the age of twenty he removed to Genesee County, New York, where he resided two years. At the age of twenty-two years he was married to Miss Clara White, a daughter of Stephen and Hannah (Felt) White, and to this union have been born three children — Louisa, Samuel and Mary. In 1860 Mr. Wight settled in Carroll County, Illinois, and in 1865 came to Greene County, Iowa, when he located in Franklin Township, settling on his present farm in 1881, which was then in its natural state. He has in his farm eighty acres which he has improved and brought under cultivation, making it one of the best farms in the township. In his political views Mr. Wight is a Democrat. He has been a member of the school board, has served as township trustee and assessor, hold- ing the latter office six terms, serving in all with credit to himself and to the best in- terests of his township. AMUEL WHITESIDE, farmer and stock raiser, section 13, Junction Town- ship, Greene County, is a native of Toronto, Canada, born October 30, 1840, a son of William Whiteside, who was also born in Canada, now deceased. The grandfather Whiteside, was at one time very wealthy, and owned the greater part of the heart of the city of Toronto. Our subject was brought to Galena, Illinois, when a child, and in 1847 to Burlington, Iowa, where he lived with his parents till 1860. He then went to Pike's Peak, where he owned an interest in a saw- 1 %.s--^ ^^^-^vy^ *■ . ' * « J *j-^.'"* r a iii»BMmBaaw aBag«|gaBiieg'MgaBBaM»MW«BiBBa»i jiWiMBBiW{iaWcffinl MOGRAPBIOAL SKETOBES. 267 mill in which he worked for one year. He remained at Pike's Peak till he enlisted in the late war, September 27, 1861, when he was assigned to Company L, First Colorado Cavalry, and for a time was fighting against the Indians, and participated in the battles of Smoky Hill, Sand Creek, Apachee Can- yon, and others of minor importance. At Apachee Canyon, twenty-five miles east of Santa Fe, New Mexico, they were met by the Texans, and, after a bloody battle, drove them back into Texas, thereby saving Fort Union, where there was a large amount of military stores. His regiment was on guard duty most of the time in the Southwest. He was discharged November 18, 1865. After the war Mr. Whiteside located in Des Moines County, Iowa, where he resided till 1880. He was married October 7, 1873, to Miss Sarah Follett, a daughter of Daniel Follett, of Marion County, Iowa, and to them have been born five children — George, William, Samuel, Clarence and Kate. In 1880 Mr. Whiteside removed with his family to Greene County, Iowa, when he settled on his present farm in Junction Township, where he owns 160 acres of well-cultivated land, and during his short residence in the county has gained the confidence and respect of all who know him. * n > '" */L* 3 * * S * v?i 'i>-«<» |UGUST F. KRAUSE, postoffice Bayard, HiXtk ^ owa » en g a ged in farming and stock- 3^ raising on section 28, Willow Township, was born in Prussia, Germany, September 29, 1852, a son of Carl and Wilh'elmine (Mar- tain) Krause, who were also natives of Ger- many. They were the parents of seven children, our subject being the fifth child. When but a child he was brought by his parents to the United States, they first locat- ing in Dane County, Wisconsin, in July, 1856, where the father died in October, 1865. August F. was reared to agricultural pursuits, receiving his education in the country school of his neighborhood. He remained on the home farm in Dane County until 1876, helping to support his mother and her family. He then immigrated to Greene County, Iowa, when he settled on part of his present farm in Willow Township. His first . purchase here was forty acres of wild prairie land, which he cleared and improved, and by his persevering industry and excellent manage- ment he has succeeded well in his farming operations, and has been enabled to add to his original purchase till lie now has 200 acres of as good land as can be found in Greene County. He makes a specialty of raising graded Clydesdale horses and Hol- stein cattle. He was united in marriage November 15, 1878, to Miss Mary Hagan, who was born in Warren County, Iowa, August 12, 1862. To this union was born one daughter — Lena R., August 19, 1879, who died August 23 following. The mother died August 30, 1879, and February 26, 1882, Mr. Krause was married to Miss Belle Shaw, a native of Iowa, born August 29, 1864, a daughter of John B. and Amanda (Sharts) Shaw, who were natives of Indiana. They are the parents of three sons — Earle A., born September 1, 1883; John Clarence, born in October, 1885; and an infant yet unnamed. Both Mr. and Mrs. Krause are members of the English Evangelical Asso- ciation. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. i~5«-^ j|| W. NEARY, engaged in farming and || stock raising on section 34, Hardin ,® Township, where he owns 160 acres of highly cultivated land, is a native of Nova 268 ZlsToMT 6F G&EENE OOtffrTY. Scotia, born February 14, 1840, and is a son of Henry and Mary Neary. He was reared to agricultural pursuits, which occupation he has followed through life with the exception of three years when he was engaged in driv- ing a stage from Jefferson, Iowa, to Panora, Iowa. He remained in Nova Scotia until 1868, when he sailed for Boston, remaining in that city about three years when he immi- grated to Greene County, Iowa, and settled on the farm where he has since made his home. Mr. Neary was united in marriage April 26, 1870, to Miss Anna Bishop, who was born in Nova Scotia in 1848, her parents, Allen and Rebecca Bishop, also being natives of Nova Scotia. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Neary — George W., born March 26, 1872, and Ervin R, born October 16, 1875. In politics Mr. Neary casts his suffrage with the Republican party. He is an^active and public-spirited citizen, and since coming to Hardin Township has served as trustee and assessor, holding the latter office one year, and has also served five years as school director, to the satisfaction of his constituents. H. JOHNSON, farmer, section 21, Kendrick Township, has been identified 3 with the interests of Greene County for twenty-one years. He was born in Cham- paign County, Ohio, June 24, 1836, son of Isaac Johnson, a native of Vermont, and Sarah Johnson, a native of Rhode Island. They were the parents of twelve children. Mr. Johnson resided in his native place until sixteen years of age. He was reared a farmer and educated in the common schools. In 1855 his father removed to DeKalb County, Illinois, where they lived two years, then came to Cedar County, Iowa. August 14, ^ 1862, he enlisted in Company I, Twenty- sixth Iowa Infantry, and participated in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, siege of Vicksburg, Jackson, Mississippi, Black River Bridge, Fourteen Mile Creek, Ramon, and was then transferred to the Vet- eran Reserve Corps, Seventeenth Regiment, Company E, and was stationed at Indianapo- lis, Indiana. He was honorably discharged as Corporal, July 24, 1865, and returned to his home. August 20, 1865, he came to Greene County, Iowa, and settled upon his present farm, which was then in its wild state, and was one of the first improved farms in the neighborhood. He owns ninety-four acres of excellent land, a well furnished residence, built in modern style, a commodious barn for stock and grain. November 30, 1860, he was united in marriage at DeWitt, Clinton County, Iowa, with Miss Mary Kim- ball, daughter of Horace and Rachel Kimball, born in Cedar County, Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have three children — Ella Rosella, John Jasper, and Mary Yiola. Two children, William P. and Elmer, are deceased. Politi- cally Mr. Johnson is a Republican, and has creditably served in several township offices. He is a member of Post 111, G. A. R., at Scranton. By his genial manner, and hon- est dealings, he secured the confidence of all his acquaintances. His grandfather was a soldier in the war of the Revolution and his father in the Mexican war. fD. CASS, physician and surgeon of Churdan, Iowa, is a native of the State -jr ® of Illinois, born December 6, 1832, a son of James and Ann Cass, who were natives of Kentucky and Virginia respectively. Both parents are deceased, the mother dying May 30, 1837, and his father in April, 1863. ( ^ ■ ■■ 8 ^^«»g«a" i^gii^ ^»M " « » w " » " «i " «"^«^a»ia«« MO&BAPBiOAL SKMTOSES. Dr. Cass lived with his father till attaining the age of twenty-two years. In 1855 he began the study of medicine, taking his first course of lectures at the Miami Medical College in 1856, remaining in that institu- tion one year. In 1857 he began the prac- tice of medicine, which he followed until 1863, when he entered Rush Medical Col- lege of Chicago, Illinois, from which he graduated in 1864. After his graduation he settled in Logan County, Illinois, where he built up a lucrative practice, remaining in that county until 1875. He then returned to Miami College, graduating from that insti- tution in 1876. He then resumed his prac- tice is Logan County. In 1882 he came to Greene County, Iowa, and after spending a short time in Jefferson he removed to Chur- dan, locating at that place August 31, 1882, and has since been successfully engaged in the practice of his chosen profession. In July, 1885, he purchased a stock of drugs. He has recently built a new store, and in connection with his medical practice he deals in drugs, all kinds of stationery and school books. Dr. Cass was united in marriage in 1858 to Miss Sarah G. Landis, a daughter of P. K. and Eliza P. Landis, natives of Ohio. They are the parents of one son — Edward K., born December 17, 1859, who is now en- gaged in the insurance business in Chicago, Illinois. In politics the doctor is a staunch Eepublican. He was appointed First Assis- tant Surgeon of the One Hundred and Fifty - first Regiment, Illinois Volunteer Infantry, February 12, 1865, and served till the close of the war. AMES M. STEELE, residing on section 13, Bristol Township, is one of the early settlers of this portion of Greene County. He was born in Bedford County, Pennsyl- vania, June 24, 1834, son of Solomon and Fanny (Metzgar) Steele, also natives of Penn- sylvania. The father was of Swiss ancestry, and is now deceased. The mother is of German descent, and is still living in Penn- sylvania. Of -their nine children, James M. was the third child and eldest son. One son, David Frank, a member of the Thirty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, was killed at Burn- side's battles of Fredricksburg. He was a member of General Hooker's corps. Four other sons, Thomas, John, Levi and Edward, served in the Army of the Potomac, and are all living. The two sisters are Mrs. Sophia Ake and Mrs. Eliza Herschberger, a widow, with whom the mother lives. All are living in Pennsylvania except Edward, who lives in Yirginia. James was reared a farmer, and has always followed farming with the excep- tion of a few years spent at carpenter work at Muscatine, Iowa. He settled in Muscatine in 1858, where he married Miss Hannah Maria Lower, daughter of Henry Lower, who died at the home of Mr. Steele in 1873. The mother, Mrs. Hannah (Steele) Lower, now in her ninety-second year, is cared for by her daughter and son-in-law. Mrs. Steele is also a native of Pennsylvania, and was born in Huntingdon County, February 1, 1836. She came with her parents to Muscatine in 1850. Mr. Steele removed to St. Joseph, Missouri, in 1859, where he lived two years, then returned to Muscatine and lived there until 1866, then, with his family, went back to his native State. In 1872 he returned to Iowa and settled in his present home. He first bought eighty acres of land incurrring an indebtedness for the purchase money. He has cleared that indebtedness, and added forty acres to the original purchase, so that he has a competency for his declining years. Mr. and Mrs. Steele have four children— "II 270 BISTORT OE GREENE COUNT?. ;5 ; i I 1 1 Marion L., a young man of excellent business qualifications, is cashier of Greene County Bank, at Jefferson ; Fanny, a very successful teacher, now at home; Harriet S., attending school at Davenport; and Charley, living at home. The parents are consistent members of the, Presbyterian church, and politically Mr. Steele is a Republican. He is now serv- ing as township trustee and school director. fOHK OSBORNE, dealer in grain, lum- ber and coal and one of the prominent men of Scranton, is a native of Cornwall, England, born in the year 1844, a son of Robert Osborne. The father immigrated to America when our subject was a child, settling in Iowa County, "Wisconsin, where he resided till his death in May, 1878. The father was a miner, and followed that occu- pation from the time he came to America in 1848 until 1855 when he engaged in farm- ing, which he followed the remainder of his life. His family consisted of six children, three sons and three daughters. John, the subject of this sketch ; Robert living in Iowa County, Wisconsin ; Joseph, of Carroll County, Illinois; Emma, wife of Fairfield Sylvester, of Ogden, Iowa; Ellen, wife of W. J. Burns, of Ponca, Nebraska, and Margaret J., wife of J. "W": Taylor, of Iowa County, Wisconsin. John Osborne, our subject grew to manhood in Iowa County, being' reared to agricultural pursuits. He remained with his parents till 1866, but remained near his home till 1872, when he came to Iowa, and located at Ogden, Boone County, where he was engaged in dealing in live stock and farm implements until 1877, when he came to Scranton, Greene County. The year before leaving Ogden lie began dealing in grain in connec- tion with his other business. In 1876 Mr. Osborne formed a partnership with Sylvester & Huntley, they succeeding A. S. Omro in his grain trade, and the same year this firm built the west elevator. Mr. Osborne bought out Sylvester and Huntley's interest in 1882 and has since conducted the business alone, becoming one of the leading business men of Scranton. His elevator has a capacity of about 14,000 bushels. In the spring of 1885 he added the lumber trade to his business, in which he is meeting with good success. Mr. Osborne was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth A. Baker, a daughter of John U. Baker, of Iowa County, Wisconsin. In poli- tics Mr. Osborne affiliates with the Republi- can party. Y JILTON C. SATERS, farmer, section SKWk 25, Jackson Township, owns one of ^#^ the best farms in that part of Greene County. It consists of 240 acres of land, 160 acres being on section 25, 80 on section 26, all being connected and constituting one farm. He came here from Bureau County, Illinois, in March, 1871, and settled in his present home the following year. He was born in Miami County, Ohio, January 7, 1844, son of Thomas and Margaret (French) Sayers ; the father died in Ohio, the mother is still living on the old homestead. Mr. Sayers served one year dur- ing the late war in the Mississippi squadron under Admiral Porter, entering the service in December, 1863. In the fall of 1865 he became a resident of Bureau County, Illinois, where he engaged in the mercantile trade at Walnut. September 22, 1867, he was united in marriage with Miss Henrietta Jones, daughter of Samuel and Miriam Jones, and sister of Josiah Jones, of Jackson Township. She was born in Princeton, Bureau County, Illinois, October 15, 1845. They have two **-ft-^i> ^_t.*U ■^.. '-^■r m j w "*.>-w,_'.^*^i»fc>^»>%_»%.^' ■■■^■■■■■■■■■■■.■■■■■■.■■■■■-■-■■■■■■■■■■■■l BIOGRAPHICAL SK3T0&B8. 271 i children— Milton C. and Samuel J. Mr. and Mrs. Sayers are worthy, honest and up- right people, and have won many friends in the community where they have so long re- sided. They are consistent members of the Baptist church, and in politics Mr. Sayers is a radical Kepublican. Thomas J. Sayers, the father of our subject, was born in the State of Ohio and the mother in the State of Penn- sylvania. They were married in Ohio. Mil- ton C. was the youngest of seven children, and the only one residing in Greene County. His brother Enos lives in Atlantic, Cass County, this State, Ezekiel lives in Ohio, John in Kansas, Harrison in Bureau County, Illinois, Judson at Farmer's Valley, Illinois, and Mrs. Sarah Class in Miami County, Ohio. ■■■ .» ij? . 2 i i £»§i « ■ " ?1LLARD MACK, farmer and stock- raiser, section 1, Junction Township, was born in Stanstead, Canada, April 21, 1826. His father, Sebie Mack, was a native of Connecticut, but went to Canada with his parents when a boy, and from there to Niagara Falls, New York, in 1827. In 1828 he went to Upper Canada, and in 1844 to Boone County, Illinois. "Willard Mack remained in Illinois until April, 1876, when he came to Iowa and settled on the farm where he now lives. He owns 160 acres of valuable land, and his building improvements are among the best in the township. Mr. Mack was married October 15, 1850, to Laura Smith, a daughter of Frederick Smith. To them were born eight children — Sophrouia J., Mary A., Alice F., Artemus J., Elizabeth L. (deceased), Ella N., Lovilla L. and Emma L. Mrs. Mack died June 20, 1872, and Thanksgiving day, 1873, Mr. Mack married Hattie, daughter of Thomas Mumi, of To- peka, Kansas. December 10, 1875, Mrs. Mack died, leaving two children — Edgar H. and Daniel C. September 27, 1881, Mr. Mack married Jennie Peake, a native of Rockford, Illinois, daughter of Loami Peake, and a lineal descendant of Roger Williams and John Rogers. To them have been born two children — Lucy E. and John W. Mr. and Mrs. Mack are members of the Baptist church. fOHN M. CULLEY, one of the pioneers of Greene County, came to Jefferson January 26, 1856, when that city had but two log houses and one frame house. In one of the log houses George S. Walton kept a hotel and store. Dr. Lewis lived in the other log house, and Robert M. Rippey lived in the frame house; he was a lawyer and land agent. Neither of them now live in the county. Mr. Culley, Robert Rippey and Dr. W. S. McBride erected a steam saw-mill at Jefferson in 1856, which was operated by Mr. Culley about three years. He then followed farming one year, and in 1860, was appointed clerk of the court, which at that time included the duties now performed by the auditor. He served two years, and then became a con- tractor for furnishing railroad ties in Boone County, for the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. In 1866 he engaged in the hard- ware and farm implement trade, which he continued until 1877, since which time he has been interested in milling and farming. He was engaged in milling at Grand Junc- tion four years, and now resides on section 10, Jackson Township, where he settled in May, 1884. Mr. Culley has witnessed the changes in the county, from its earliest his- tory, when his postoffice was at Des Moines, where his milling was also done. His son Charles, now a business man at Jefferson, was the first white male child born in Jefferson. ■■■■■-,■ » ■ » ■ - ■ . ■ ; ' ^.f^.f^j-^jfm,f «l> * /-**^. «•«./» f*J^'*>-'^f^*'fc/%.>- - %-Mi>j''«k>'^rth.f »»>■»%■* 4m «fc> 'tfcj'^ky ^j^*.i-i SW MiSfOBT 6P Q&tiBNi! douRfY. Mr. Culley was born at Milan, Huron County, Ohio, October 20, 1830, a son of M. D. Cul- ley. When he was ten years of age his parents removed to Ashtabula County, where he grew to manhood. When a young man he learned the tinner's and coppersmith's trades which he followed until he came to Iowa. At Lancas- ter, New York, he married Miss Sarah Ann Hamilton, in June, 1852. Mrs. Culley died at Jefferson December 11, 1862, aged twenty- nine years. She left two children — Charley and Will D., who are now the firm of Culley Brothers, engaged in a restaurant and bakery at Jefferson. For a second wife Mr. Culley married April 1, 1864, Miss Hattie E. Beers, daughter of Jesse Beers, of Delaware County, New York, and to this union were born four children, all of whom died young. Mr. and Mrs. Culley are members of the Baptist church. Mr. Culley is one of the charter members of Morning Star Lodge, No. 159, A. F. & A. M., at Jefferson, and is the only one of the charter members now living in Greene County. He has held the office of senior and junior warden, and has held many offices of trust in the township. Politically, he is a Republican. WESLEY JOHNSON, of the firm of S. W. Johnson & Bro., dealers in ip^ 9 hardware, stoves, tinware, kitchen fur- niture, farm implements, shelf and heavy hardware, at Rippey, was born in Perry County, Ohio, November 25, 1852, son of Ephraim Johnson, of this county, who re- moved to Whiteside County, Illinois, in 1865. He passed his early life on a farm, and was educated in the common district schools. He came to Rippey in 1882 and engaged in the hardware business with J. P. Law, under the firm name of Law & Johnson. This partner- ship continued three years, when Mr. John- son purchased his partner's interest, and sold a third interest to his brother, William A. Johnson. He was married January 10, 1878, to Harriet Parrish, daughter of Watson Par- rish, now deceased. They have had four children, only one of whom is living — Nellie C. Mr. Johnson is a member of the Odd Fellows fraternity. William A. Johnson was born April 10, 1860, in Perry County, Ohio, and was educated in the common school of Whiteside County, Illinois. He came to Iowa in 1882, spending his summers in Da- kota Territory for three years, and passed the winters in this coimty. He located perma- nently at Rippey in 1885. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church; also of the Rippey Cornet Band. «*-^3nf*|<**- |EV. WILLIAM ROBERTS, one of lliaf Greene County's prominent men, re- -=^| siding in Dawson Township, where he owns a farm of 240 acres on section 23, and forty acres on section 26, is a native of Wayne County, Indiana, born November 9, 1832, a son of Thomas Roberts. His parents were both natives of North Carolina. They were the parents of two children — William and a daughter now deceased. The mother died November 11, 1832, at the age of twenty-two years, the father surviving her till September 21, 1839. William Roberts was thus left an orphan at the tender age of six years. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, his boyhood being spent in assisting on the farm of Levi Jessup. At the age of eighteen years he began working for himself, chopping wood, etc., for which he received 25 cents a cord. His education was obtained in the country school-houses of his neighborhood, and at the Friends' Boarding School, now U*SJ ^*J"*^»>*J' ^^.' *L>-*.^ < ; » IEORGE W. KUDER, one of the old and honored pioneers of Greene County, who is engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 21, Willow Township, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Columbia County, June 15, 1832, his parents, George and Sarah (Morris) Kuder, being natives of the same State. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, bis early boyhood being spent in assisting his father on the home farm. In 1844 he was taken by his parents to Cham- paign County, Illinois, where his father entered land at $1.25 per acre, the city of Champaign being now located on part of the land owned by the father. The father died there September 17, 1845, the mother sur- viving her husband until August 1, 1874. They were the parents of seven children, our subject being the fifth child. He came to Greene County, Iowa, in 1854, and settled at Jefferson when that now thriving town con- tained but one house. The following spring he went to Minnesota, remaining there one year, when he returned to Greene County and entered eighty acres of land on North Coon, nine miles north of Jefferson, where he erected a log cabin, remaining there till 1859. Here he was engaged in trapping and hunt- ing during the winter seasons and during the summers worked on his farm. He experienced many hardships and privations in his pioneer home. His nearest milling place was Des Moines, then a small place containing about a dozen houses, and his provisions were obtained at Keokuk, 125 miles distant, he making the trip with ox teams, and taking two weeks or more to make the journey. He was united in marriage February 18, 1851 to Miss Isabelle Brock, born in Boone County, Indiana, June 13, 1840, a daughter of Allen and Lavina (Cocks) Brock, natives of Ten- nessee. To this union have been born five children— Madison M., Arabelle, Jennette G., Melissa and George Franklin. In 1859 Mr. Kuder went to Pikes Peak, remaining there one year, when he returned to Greene County, and a short time later returned to his old home in Illinois, where he remained till after the close of the war. He again returned to Greene County, Iowa, in the fall of 1866, and in 1881 settled on his present farm. To his original purchase he has added till he now 276 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. has 240 acres located on sections 16 and 21 of Willow Township, his land being well improved and well cultivated with the excep- tion of about nine acres. He has a good orchard and a comfortable and commodious residence surrounded by fine groves, and good out buildings for his stock. Mr. Kuder began life a poor boy but by years of per- severing toil and good management he has prospered in his farming operations, and become the owner of his present fine prop- erty, and is now identified with Greene County's best farmers. He has done his share toward improving the county, having improved six different farms. Mr. and Mrs. Kuder are worthy members of the Church of God, and are among the most respected citizens of Greene County. ■SSEKRY W. KELLOGG, county audi- flifl *' 01 ' °^ Greene County, is now serving "sg<(g his second term in that capacity, having been first elected in the fall of 1883, and re elected in 1885. He succeeded Andrew A. Watts, who had served six years, and the latter succeeded G. G. Lawrence, who had served four years. Mr. Kellogg settled in Grant Township^ this county, in 1869, where he purchased and improved a prairie farm which he still owns, and which he occupied until elected to his present office. He was born in Sycamore, De Kalb County, Illinois, January 14, 1840, and was reared in his native county. His father, Jesse C. Kellogg, died in Sycamore in 1874. He was born in Connecticut, and removed to Lamoille County, Vermont, when quite young. He settled in Sycamore in 1836. He was one of the early settlers of the county, and was clerk of the circuit court for many years. August 9, 1862, H. W. Kellogg en- listed in Company A, One Hundred and Fifth Illinois Infantry, and served until June 14, 1865. His regiment was attached to the Army of the Cumberland. Upon the con- solidation of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps, the brigade to which he belonged became the Twentieth. Previous to that time his regi- ment was not attached to any corps. Mr. Kellogg participated in many important bat- tles and campaigns, including Kesaca, Kene- saw Mountain, siege of Atlanta, and Sher- man's march to the sea. He was engaged in the battle of Bentonville, and marched to Washington after the surrender of Johnston and took part in the grand review in that city. His exposures, as a soldier, induced the asthma, and it was to find relief from that trouble that decided him to come to Iowa. He was for many years engaged as mercan- tile clerk. In 1865 he married Miss Maggie Countryman, who died January 29, 1873. His present wife was formerly MissSamantha Kingsley. By his first marriage were two children — Jessie and Hiram, and a son and daughter by his present marriage, Bertha and Henry. Bertha died when five months old. He is a Republican in politics, casting his first presidential vote for General Grant. He was a voter when Lincoln was elected the second time, but being in the army he could not exercise his right. Mr. Kellogg is a popu- lar and efficient officer, and one of the highly respected and progressive citizens of Greene Count}'. ILLIAM A. THOMPSON, farmer, Grant Township, resides on section ^H 22, where he owns 200 acres of land on sections 22 and 23. This farm was en- tered by Mr. Beece, who made the first im- provements. Mr. Thompson purchased the place in 1875. It is one of the most desir- able farms in the township, 160 acres being ?■"■— HI"-' iSSS21( BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. in a fine state of cultivation and the remain- der well timbered. Mr. Thompson has been a resident of Greene County since 1867, when he settled in what was then Junction Township, on an unimproved farm. He still owns the farm and has made many improve- ments. He is a native of the Buckeye State, having been born in Richland County, Ohio, in 1837, where he lived until nine years of age, when his parents removed to Cedar County, Iowa. His father, John Thompson, was one of the pioneers of that county, hav- ing settled there in 1846. He removed to Junction Township, this county, in 1874, where he passed the remainder of his days, surviving his wife two years. They were the parents of ten children, five sons and five daughters ; one son and one daughter are de- ceased. "When William A. started out for himself he located in Keokuk County, where he improved a farm and resided until he came to Greene County. He lias been twice mar- ried. His first wife was Martha J. Wright, a native of Lee County, Iowa, who died in this county, August 11, 1879. His present wife was formerly Mrs. Matilda Richardson, ne'e Nuterfee, who came to Washington County with her parents in 1842. Her father, Golston S. JSTuterfee, is now deceased. By his first marriage, Mr. Thompson had four children— August C, Mary I., William II., and Bessie Centennial. Politically, he is a Bepublican, and cast his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. In 1886 he was assessor of Grant Township. • I^ILLBURN ZEITLER, a prosperous farmer and stock-raiser of Hardin Township, residing on section 20, was born in Pennsylvania, June 13, 1837, his parents, John and Mary (Schloneker) Zeitler, being natives of the same State. He re- mained in his native State till sixteen years of age, when he came with his parents to Cedar County, Iowa. At the age of seven- teen he began working out by the month, which he followed till twenty-three years of age. He enlisted in the war of the Rebellion and was assigned to Company A, Fifth Iowa Infantry, his regiment being mustered into service shortly after. He participated in the battles of Iuka, Vicksburg and Chattanooga, and other engagements of minor importance. He was mustered out of the service at Chat- tanooga, and received his final discharge at Davenport, Iowa, in August, 1864. He was married February 16,1865, to Miss Catherine Brown, a native of Ohio, born August 30, 1840, a daughter of William and Susan (Ellis) Brown, who were both natives of Pennsylvania. Mr. Zeitler is in every re- spect a self-made man; commencing as a pio- neer in Greene County on comparatively nothing, he has by his persevering industry and good management acquired a good prop- erty, having a fine farm of 240 acres under good cultivation. In connection with his general farming he pays some attention to stock-raising, keeping a good grade of stock. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. PostofBce, Jefferson, Iowa. "J, *>' "S" B. GARLAND, farmer, section 16, Kendrick Township, was born in Boone County, Kentucky, November 25, 1840, son of Ebenezer and Eliza (Hoshall) Garland, who were the parents of ten chil- dren, J. B. being the eldest. When he was a babe his parents removed to the Territory of Iowa, settling in Jackson County, where he was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools of that county. He engaged HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. in teacning at an early age, and taught several terms in Jackson and Greene coun- ties. Upon arriving at the age of manhood, he was united in marriage, March 28, 1860, with Miss Emma Hawkins, born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and daughter of John B. and Hetty (Smith) Hawkins, who "Hjere the parents of nine children, Mrs. Gar- land being the eighth. Mr. Garland resided in Jackson County, until 1869, then came to Greene County and purchased eighty acres of wild land, which is his present home. He has since added to his original purchase until he now owns 370 acres of excellent land, which is in a good state of cultivation and well improved. He has a very pleasant residence, surrounded with shade trees, a native grove of two acres, and orchard, barn, and out buildings for stock, and a wind-mill which furnishes power for water supply for stock. He keeps from eighty to 100 head of cattle, and about 100 to 150 hogs, besides considerable other stock. Mr. Garland is a Re- publican in politics, and a strong adherent of the principles of that party. He has served as a member of the school board, township assessor, justice of the peace, and is at present serving as member of the board of super- visors. He belongs to the Masonic Lodge, Golden Gate, at Scranton, and is also a mem- ber of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. > lnl - t HARDING, one of Churdan's promi- nent men, and mayor of the village, v- a was born in Salem County, New Jer- sey, October 1, 1820, a son of Thomas and Lydia Harding, who were also natives of the State of New Jersey. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer in his native State, re- maining on the home farm with his parents till attaining, the age of twenty-one years. He then went to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and engaged in the drug business, remaining there till 1856. He was, united in marriage in the spring of 1841, to Miss Elizabeth N. Zane, a daughter of Redman and Lydia Zane, who were natives of New Jersey. Three children were born to this union, all dying in infancy. Mrs. Harding died in Philadel- phia in 1851. In 1852 Mr. Harding married Miss A. C. Zane, a sister of his first wife, and this union was blessed with six children — Harry, Charles F., Ella K., Clarence A., Lillian M. and Orville A. Plarry, a prosper- ous farmer living near Churdan, was born in 1853; was married in 1874 to Elizabeth Bardsley, a daughter of William and Betsy Bardsley. Charles F., born in 1855, gradu- ated from the law department of the State University at Madison, Wisconsin, and is now practicing his profession at Chicago, Illinois. He was married July 10, 1885, to Hattie Hoover, her parents, William and Agnes Hoover, being residents of Wisconsin. Ella K. was born in 1856, and in 1879 was mar- ried to James W. Huntington, and now lives at Council Bluffs, Iowa. Clarence A. was born in 1860. He is now living at Fonda, Iowa. Lillian, born in 1866, is still living with her parents. Orville, the youngest, lives with his parents, and is engaged in Churdan. In 1856 Mr. Harding removed with his family to Dane County, Wisconsin, where he bought a farm, and there followed agricultural pursuits until 1881. He then resided in Excelsior, Richland County, Wis- consin, eighteen months, and in 1883 he came to Greene County, Iowa, locating at Churdan, subsequently engaging in the in- surance, collecting and official business. In 1885 he was elected to his present position of mayor, and in March, 1886, was re-elected, and re-elected in 1887. Mr. Harding has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal ) I BiOGttAPElGAL SKMtCBM. m church since 1841, and since 1857 has been connected with the ministry, traveling part of the time as an ordained minister. In poli- tics he was formerly a Whig, but is now a staunch [Republican. He has been a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders. ►JmS-i OBERT EASON, president of the bank of Scranton, has been a resident of Greene County, Iowa, since October, 1872, at which time he settled on a farm of 560 acres in Jackson Township. Here he resided till February, 1885, when he removed to Scranton, and till the following November operated the tile factory at this place. He then bought the bank of Scranton, where he has since carried on a general banking busi- ness, his son, W. M. Eason, being cashier of the bank. This is the only bank in Scranton, and was established in the fall of 1877 by T. P. Larue, he having erected the present substantial brick building at a cost of $4,800. Mr. Eason still owns his valuable farm in Jackson Township, which is well-iinproved and well stocked, and is carried on by his son Frank A. Mr. Eason is a native of Ohio, born in Wooster, "Wayne County, in 1838, where he was reared till his sixteenth year, and in 1854 removed with his parents to Iowa City, Iowa. He was married in John- son County, Iowa, to Miss Ellen Burke, a native of the State of New York. They are the parents of three children — Frank A., Willis M. and Martha. In October, 1861, Mr. Eason enlisted in Company B, Fourteenth Iowa Infantry. Immediatelay after the battle of Shiloh he was transferred to the Forty- first Iowa Infantry, and sent to the frontier in Dakota, and nine months later he was transferred to the Seventh Iowa Cavalry, with which he served seven months. He was then as assigned as Quartermaster of the One Hun- dred and Twenty-second United States Colored Infantry, with headquarters at Lexington, Kentucky, and was afterward stationed at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, where he received his discharge in March, 1865. He was in active service during the whole term of his enlistment. Though never severely wounded in battle, the exposure and hardships which he endured while in the service have left their permanent effects on his constitution. After the war he returned to Johnson County, Iowa, where he remained till settling in Jackson Township, Greene County, in the fall of 1872. In politics Mr. Eason is a Republican, casting his first vote while in the army in 1864 for President Lincoln. Alex- ander G. Eason, the father of our subject, was a native of Pennsylvania, removing with his parents to Wooster, Ohio, in 1816, when fourteen years of age. In 1854 he came with his family to Iowa City, where he resided till his death in 1876. His wife, the mother of our subject, died two years later. They were the parents of ten children, nine yet living, one having died since the death of the parents. Three of them live in Greene County — Samuel, engaged in the livery busi- ness at Scranton, Mrs. Sarah Burke, living in Kendrick Township, and Robert, the subject of this sketch. ~-§~>^ <*j ■*J ^j^ ■■- ■ ■■■■■■■ ■ ■ ■ ■■■■■■■ ■ ■■-■■■■■■■ ■■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■H i iSV II MOQMAPatOAt sKfiT&£tM born four children. — Eosa, Ora, Nona and Nina. Louisa- is the wife of Alvin S. Grilli- land, of Greene County, Iowa. Amanda, another daughter, who is deceased, married James II. Carter, of Daviess County ,Missouri, and had four children, of whom three survive her — Charity, Lawrence and Frank. When Mr. Kinehart was a young man he learned the printer's trade, serving his apprenticeship in Danville and Paris, Illinois. Since becom- ing a resident of Greene County he has held the office of county supervisor, justice of the peace, school treasurer, beside filling other local offices of trust and responsibility, and in all of these positions served with credit to himself, and to the best interest of his county. » In; » fAMES SHBEVE, farmer, section 15, Kendrick Township, was born in Brown County, Ohio, October 12, 1819, son of Caleb and Anna (Slack) Shreve, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Maryland. They were the parents of thirteen children, James being the tenth child. He lived in Brown County until he was fourteen years of age. His youth was spent in assisting at farm work, and in attending the subscription schools of that day. In 1834 his parents removed to Fountain County, Indiana, where they lived one year, then removed to Cham- paign County, Illinois, his father being one of the pioneers of that county. His father died in the fall of 1835, leaving him to control and manage the farm and other business. April 8, 1841, he was married to Hester Ann Shutter, formerly Hester Ann Argo, who was born in Pickaway Coun- ty, Ohio, and a daughter of Alexander and Esther Argo. Mr. Shreve remained in Champaign County until 1858, when he moved to Appanoose County, this State, residing there six months, then came to Greene County and purchased some wild land of a Mr. Musselman, which is his present farm. For many years his house was a home for travelers who were coming to this new country. He has improved his farm, and has a good house, a commodious barn for stock and grain, a fine orchard and a native grove of trees. He owns 140 acres of excellent land. When he first came here he had to go to Panora to mill. Mr. and Mrs. Shreve had six children born to them — William H. H., Caleb Alexander, Nancy Armilda, Hannah Mary, Sarah Catherine, and Julia Ann. Mrs. Shreve died July 15, 1885, aged sixty-seven years. She was a worthy and consistent member of the Christian church, an affec- tionate wife and mother, and a kind neighbor. Politically Mr. Shreve is a Eepublican. He has served as township trustee, member of school board, and road supervisor. fOHN P. WHEEEY, a successful and enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of Cedar Township, Greene County, re- siding on section 3, was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, February 23, 1835. His par- ents, John and Catherine (Bonnell) Wherry, were natives of Pennsylvania and Virginia respectively. They immigrated to Jones County, Iowa, with their family in 1853, being among the pioneers of that county. Both are now deceased. John P. Wherry, the subject of this sketch, was reared in his native county, his boyhood days being passed in assisting on his father's farm and attend- ing the district schools. He was about eighteen years old when he accompanied his parents to Jones County, and at the age of twenty-five years he began farming on his own account on a farm of eighty acres which 1 J ' ^ ■ ■ ■ ■ " ■■^" ■ ■ -■■■■ ■ ■ ■ ^■- ■srw ^ m HISTORY Of GRtiMNtf COUNTY. had been given him by his father. He re- mained in Jones County on his farm until the fall of 1880, when he removed to his present farm in Cedar Township, Greene County, where he has 240 acres of well- watered land, besides fifty acres of timber land. His residence is comfortable and com- modious, and his farm is among the best in Greene County, and although he has lived in the county but a short time, he has made many friends and gained the respect of all who know him. Mr. Wherry was married in Jones County, December 24, 1862, to Miss Lucinda E. Coon, who was born July 1, 1844, a daughter of S. and M. Coon. They are the parents of five children — Dora A., Elmer E., Ellen J., Ida H. and Emma A. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wherry are members of the Evan- gelical Lutheran churcb. In polities he affili- ates with the Republican party. WILLIAM DUNTERMAN, postoffice, Bayard, Iowa, engaged in farming IJN^S and stock-raising in Willow Town- ship, was born in Cook County, Illinois, No- vember 15, 1849, his parents, C. and M. (Erlman) Dunterman, being natives of Ger- many. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, his boyhood being spent in assisting his father on the farm and attending the dis- trict school of his neighborhood. On attain- ing the age of twenty-one years he began learning the carpenter's trade, which he fol- lowed about six years, and from his earnings saved enough money to purchase his Greene County property, settling where he now re- sides, on section 20, Willow Township, in 1878. He was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Numberg, a daughter of Charles Nurnberg, and to this union have been born four children, as follows — Herman F., Henry W., Ida L. and Alcena L. Since coming to Greene County Mr. Dunterman has followed farming with success. His land when he settled on it was in a state of nature, but by hard work and persevering energy he has converted it into a well-improved farm, and has erected a comfortable and commodious residence, and good barn and other farm buildings, the entire surroundings showing the owner to be a thorough, practical farmer. By industry and good management he has acquired his present fine property, which consists of eighty acres on section 20 and forty acres on section 8, Willow Township. Mr. Dunterman has held the office of road supervisor of Willow Township, and has also served as school director. Both he and his wife are members of the Lutheran church. *3nh I M. FITZ PATRICK, farmer and 4 stock-raiser section 22, Cedar Town- ^C ° ship, is a son of Miles and Julia Fitz Patrick, who came from Ireland to America in 1845. They first settled in Illinois, living there ten years, and in 1855 came to Iowa, and were the first settlers of Cedar Township, Greene County. Our subject was the sev- enth of nine children. He was born in Ireland, March 10, 1844, and was therefore but one year old when his parents came to America. He remained with his parents until twenty-six years of age, and in Febru- ary, 1870, he settled on the farm where he now lives. He first bought eighty acres, but to this he has added and has improved it until he now owns one of the best farms in Greene County. His first trading point was Des Moines, which was also his postoffice. As there were no bridges and all the streams had to be forded, the trip was a hard and long one. Mr. Fitz Patrick was married r^f+^rns* MO&mAPSioaZ SgEfC&M. 393 January 9, 1870, to Josephine Khoads, a nature of Ohio, daughter of Samuel Rhoads, who came to Iowa in 1850, and settled in "Washington Township in 1855, where he still lives. Mr. and Mrs. Fitz Patrick have six children — Mattie, Nellie, Mary and Miles (twins), Charles and Carl. Mr. Fitz Patrick and his family are members of the Catholic church. Although beginning life a poor man, Mr. Fitz Patrick has by hard work and economy acquired a valuable property. His farm contains 260 acres of choice land, all well improved, and his home is a model of beauty and convenience. He is one of the influential men of the township and has held most of the important offices, serving in each with efficiency and to the entire satisfac- tion of his constituents. 4 spe ORMAN F. RUSSELL, one of the JOT active and enterprising farmers of "5=H! Junction Township, where he has a fine farm of 160 acres on section 9, is a native of Boone County, Illinois, the date of his birth being August 9, 1844. His father, Caleb Russell, was born in the State of Ver- mont, and in 1833 immigrated to Illinois. In 1849 he went to" California with his family, by the overland route, their wagons in which they made the journey being drawn by oxen and mules. The father returned with his family to DeKalb County, Illinois, in 1852, and in the fall of 1855 came to Iowa, locating first in Cedar County. He is now a resident of Greene County, making his home in Patou Township. Norman F. Russell, the subject of this sketch, came to Iowa with his parents in the year 1855. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, which he has always followed, with the exception of three years spent in the late war, and his education was obtained in the common schools of his neigh- borhood. He was a member of Company I, Twenty-sixth Iowa Infantry, and was in the battles of Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Marietta, Georgia, Atlanta, Jones- boro, Lovejoy Station, Goldsboro, and others of minor importance. He was wounded three times at Ringgold, all shots taking effect the same instant. In that conflict, out of thirteen of his company, three were killed and six wounded. May 18, 1867, he was united in marriage to Miss Lucy Pike, a daughter of Abram Pike, and to this union have been born three children — Nellie F., Nelson L. and Clarence R. Clarence R. Grubbs, a son of Mrs. Russell's deceased sister, is also being reared by them. Mr. Russell came to Greene County, Iowa, in 1876 and lived in Paton Township until the spring of 1885, when he settled on his present farm in Junction Township. He has held the offices of road supervisor, township trustee and school direc- tor, since being a resident of Greene County. Mr. Russell is a member of the Baptist church, being baptized in Coon River, joining Calamus Creek Church, in Carroll County. """" "A) « St < l U-3jfrl»-»o— fAMES A. HENDERSON, clerk of the courts of Greene County, was elected to his present office in the fall of 1884, and was re-elected in the fall of 1886, suc- ceeding his father, who had served three terms or six years. Mr. Henderson was born in Johnson County, Iowa, near Iowa City, in 1862. In early life he attended the common schools, and for a time was a student at the academy in Jefferson. He was reared on his father's farm, and during the latter's admin- istration of the office of clerk of the courts, he was employed as clerk, thus becoming *.J«w-i.,. ! i» ""V « ' r ^B»B"a»g»i i l l S»^Hi M »«■-■■■»»»■ Msfo&'f oP atttititrfi cotrfrfY. ~~7j well qualified to succeed his father in office. He came to this county with his father in February, 1873. Politically he is a Repub- lican. Mrs. Henderson was formerly Eliza J. Fetzer, a native of Indiana. fOSEPH CHURDAN, Sk., is one of the oldest and most prominent pioneers of Highland Township, coming here when there were only two log buildings in the township, the date of his arrival being May 24, 1868. He is an Englishman by birth, born in Cumberland County, April 25, 1824. His parents, John and Ann Churdan, were both born in England, and lived in their native country till their death, the mother dying eighteen years ago. Joseph Churdan, the subject of this sketch, was reared to the avocation of a farmer, remaining in his native country till twenty-six years of age. He left England March 20, 1850, landing at New York May 20, and first located in Sara- toga, New York, where he was engaged as overseer of a railroad tunnel being erected at the head of Lake Champlain, and also of the laying of the Troy & Plattsburg Railroad, the work being completed in eighteen months. He then went to Canada, but in February, 1852, returned to the United States, settling in Indiana, when he again entered the railroad employ. He started for Iowa in November, 1852, his route being from Madison, Indiana, down the Ohio River to Cairo, Illinois, thence up the Mississippi River to Muscatine, Iowa. No railroad being in the State at that time, he proceeded by teams to Cedar Rapids. He settled in Linn County, and for sixteen years followed farm- ing in that county. In the spring of 1868 he sold his farm in Linn County, and bought eighty acres of his present farm in Highland Township, Greene County, and to his original purchase he has added from time to time till he now has 170 acres of fine land, well stocked. Mr. Churdan was united in mar- riage February 13, 1851, to Miss Eliza Ken- nedy, who was born in England, her parents living in their native country (England) till their death. Of the seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Churdan, six are living- Joseph, Jr., born December 26, 1852; Anna Fouts, living in Cedar Township, Greene County, was born in Canada, November 6, 1851; John, born April 25, 1857; Jennie Eliza "Wilson, born March 16, 1854; Rosa Ellen Robinson, born January 16, 1866, and Alfred Addison, born July 11, 1870. Robert Amos died June 16, 1856. Mr. Churdan takes an active interest in the growth and advancement of the village which was named Churdan in honor of him. He has held the office of school treasurer for several years, serving with credit to himself and to the en- tire satisfaction of his constituents. In poli- tics he has affiliated with the Republican party since its organization. Both Mr. and Mrs. Churdan are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, having united with that religious denomination in 1860. » Si ■■. ■ia ' - B A/ , »™«' M M !M *«™»"'«"' — BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 297 he now resides. At the age of twenty-one yearshe wentin company with G. B. Burk and several others to Pike's Peak, starting across the plains in 1860. They remained about two weeks at Council Bluffs, Iowa, waiting for more company before going farther, then reached their destination about six weeks later, crossing the plains with cattle. Mr. Franklin then engaged in mining with Mr. Burk, remaining there but a short time, when he returned to Greene County, Iowa. In 1862 he enlisted in defense of his country, and was assigned to Company E, Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry. He was present at the battle of Cross-Boads, and was engaged in several skirmishes. He was taken prisoner at the battle of Allatoona, Georgia, where he was confined about six months, when he escaped. The prisoners at that time were being moved from one place to another when he made his escape by jumping from the train, but in doing so was wounded. He then returned to the Union lines, traveling by night for six- teen nights, and during the day-time hid in swamps andforfour days was withoutanything to eat. He also passed on this perilous jour- ney several rebel pickets. He finally reached the Uuion lines near Newburn, North Caro- lina, and was mustered out of the service at Washington, but not being present he re- ceived his papers at Clinton, Iowa, in June, 1865. He then returned to Greene County where he began farming on his own land, and by hard work and good management he has now a fine farm containing 185 acres under a good state of cultivation. Mr. Franklin was united in marriage to Miss Consignee T. Boberts, who was born in Kentucky, Febru- ary 20, 1852, her parents, George and Nancy Boberts, being natives of Tennessee. Mr. and Mrs. Franklin are the parents of three children — Lillie E., George W. and Halsie A. Although not an office seeker, Mr. Franklin 24 was elected a trustee of Franklin Township, which position he fills at present to the en- tire satisfaction of his constituents. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order, belong- ing to Lodge No. 466. Both he and his wife are members of the Baptist church. Mrs. Franklin was the fourth in a family of twelve children. Her parents are both living and are residents of Jefferson, Iowa. I 'l l ■*•$*> Si lg * jgl ' N «ol gfHOMAS J. AEMSTEONG, general | merchant, and postmaster at Surry, ^' was born in Montgomery County, In- diana, July 25, 1838. His father, Henry Armstrong, was a native of Kentucky, and settled in Indiana in 1832, surrounded with woods and wild animals. He cleared ground for a log cabin, in which our subject lived until 1856. He removed to Blue Earth County, Minnesota, in 1878, and to Greene County, Iowa, the year following. He con- ducted the Armstrong bank one winter. In the summer of 1880 he removed to Gowrie and established a coal yard, which he con- ducted until March, 1883, then came to Surry and built a store building, and put in a stock of general merchandise. He carries a capital stock of $1,000, and does an annual business of $6,000. He was married No- vember 22, 1866, to Sarah Cole, daughter of Joshua Cole, deceased, a native of Virginia. Mrs. Armstrong was also born in Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong had one child, who was burned to death by his clothes takino- fire from a grate, when in his fourth year. Mr. Armstrong was a soldier in the late war, being a member of Company G, Eleventh Indiana Infantry, enlisting for three months at the first call for troops. In 1863 he enlisted for three months in Company E, Seventy-eighth Indiana Infantry. He is a I' It W ■«-«"»■..■ .■■■■■■T,W»W^W M H M « M W M « _« M « M W _a M W_ a M w.»,M, M , 'M B -M S ^ = w S n g M S »n 298 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. member of the Odd Fellows fraternity, of the Knights of Labor, and of the Christian church. He was appointed postmaster in May, 1884. In politics he is a Greenbacker. Mrs. Armstrong is also a member of the Christian church. AMES ZELLER, farmer, section 36, Greenbrier Township, is one of the pio- ^ neers of Greene County, and was born in Montgomery County, New York, Decem- ber 23, 1822. His father, Nicholas Zeller, was a native of Oppenheim, Montgomery County, New York, and his mother, Cathe- rine (Reed) Zeller, was a native of Albany County, same State. They were the parents of ten children — Eliza, James, William, Nancy, George H., Alexander, Joel, Harri- son, and two that died in infancy. James resided in Montgomery County until thir- teen years of age, when his father removed to St. Lawrence County, where he was reared on a farm, and received his education in the common schools. He was united in marriage March 6, 1845, to Miss Sally Ann Dillinbeck, a native of Montgomery County, New York, and daughter of Jonas and Eva (Wallrod) Dillenbeck. In 1854 Mr. Zeller, with his wife and four children, removed to Wiscon- sin, and located in the town of Lynn, Wal- worth County, where he resided until 1869, when he came to Greene County and settled upon his present farm, in Greenbrier Town- ship, which was then wild and uncultivated. There were then only five families in the township. He has resided here ever since, and now has one of the best improved farms in the township. He has a good two-story residence, built in modern style, and well furnished, surrounded with shade trees. He has also a good, commodious barn, and build- ings for stock and grain, and a modern wind- mill, furnishing power for a supply of pure water for his stock and for the farm. He is principally engaged in stock-raising and feed- ing. His farm contains 320 acres of some of the best land in Greene County; his sons own the remainder of the section. Mr. and Mrs. Zeller have had seven children, three of whom are living — Oscar, Lafayette and Homer A. The deceased are — Nancy A., who died at the age of twenty-three years; Mary O, who died at the age of three years; James Henry, who died at thirteen months, and John A., who died at the age of fifteen months. Mr. Zeller is a Republican in politics, and has served in most of the township offices, and as county supervisor. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and by fair and honorable dealings, has secured the confi- dence of all who know him. WASHINGTON GOODRICH, an en- }iyMv|! terprising farmer of Scranton Town- ~ep^3 ship, residing on section 6, was born in Allegany County, New York, April 16, 1838, a son of Ebenezer and Elizabeth (Reury) Goodrich. In 1840 he was taken by his parents to Montgomery County, New York, his mother dying in that county. His father made his home in Montgomery County until 1866. He subsequently removed to Barry County, Michigan, where he died. Six of his children are living — Mrs. Manzer, in Barry County, Michigan ; Lewis A., in White County, Indiana; James W., in Republic County, Kansas; Washington and Calvin, living in Scranton Township, Greene County; Mrs. Emma Fuller, residing at Atlantic, Cass County, Iowa. In 1855 Washington Good- rich, the subject of this sketch, left his father's home in Montgomery County for Kendall County, Illinois, and from that time has acted for himself. November 10, 1861, he enlisted in the war of the Kebellion, and was assigned to Company H, Thirteenth Illi- nois Cavalry, being engaged principally in guarding lines of commissary trains, and keeping the country clear of bushwhackers in the States of Missouri and Arkansas. He served until August 18, 1865, when he re- ceived his discharge. June 14, 1864, while home on a furlough, he was married in Ken- dall County, Illinois, to Miss Sarah Hedges, who was born in Orange, Vermont, June 29, 1843. Her parents, Erastus and Sarah M. (Noble) Hedges, died at Flano, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Goodrich are the parents of two children — Francis, born October 25, 1873, and Nellie, born December 29, 1881. Mr. Goodrich came with his family to Greene County, Iowa, and settled on his present farm in Scran ton Township in 1876, he hav- ing purchased his land here in 1874. He now has a fine well cultivated farm of 160 acres which he has improved from the raw prairie, erecting a good residence and farm buildings. Mr. Goodrich is a comrade of N. H. Powers Post, No. Ill, G. A. R, of Scran- ton, Iowa. In politics he affiliates with the Eepublican party, casting his first presiden- tial vote for Abraham Lincoln, and his last for James G. Blaine. ■■■- »|j » ! ' 't ' ^j' fACOB HEATEK, an old and honored pioneer of Greene County, Iowa, who is now deceased, was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, June 11, 1809, his father, Jacob Heater, being a native of the same county. He received but limited educational advantages, attending the log cabin subscrip- tion schools of that early day. When he was quite young his father died, and he was obliged to assist in the maintenance of his widowed mother and family until her death. He located in Vermillion County, Illinois, in 1824, among Indians and wild animals, where he experienced many of the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk war, serving eleven months, and helped Black Hawk across the Mississippi Kiver at Prairie Du Chien. For his services in this war he re- ceived a grant for forty acres of land, this being the first land owned by him. He was twice married, taking for his first wife Miss Catherine Ganoe, and of the ten children born to this union five are living — Mary J., Elizabeth, Martha, Jacob and William. Mrs. Heater died in September, 1852, and April 20, 1853, Mr. Heater married Sarah A. Mc- Elroy, who was born in Lewis County, Ken- tucky, March 20, 1819, a daughter of David and Mary McElroy. They have four children — Mahala C, George W., Hettie A. and Eliza. Mrs. Heater was taken by her parents to Adams County, Ohio, when one year old, where she lived till 1847. She then lived in Champaign County, Illinois, until coming to Greene County with Mr. Heater in 1855. Her first husband was a native of Kentucky, born in Harrison County, April 20, 1819, and died in Illinois. They had one daughter, Mary C, who died at the age of twenty-six years. She was the wife of Samuel Young, and to them were born four children, only two now living, named Rosa M. and George M. Mr. Heater came with his family to Greene County, Iowa, in October, 1855, set- tling on section 17 of Washington Township, the farm being still occupied by his widow. He was very successful in all his undertak- ings, and rapidly accumulated property, own- ing at one time 1,400 acres of land, and at the time of his death was worth over $40,- 000. He died of smallpox after a few days L J 300 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. illness, his death taking place June 18, 1864. He was an earnest Christian, and was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church for forty years. He was a good friend to the poor, and gave liberally of his means toward the support of charitable institutions, and was a man respected and esteemed by all who knew him. i-JmS-i fOHN B. JOHN, a successful agricult- urist of Washington Township, Greene County, residing on section 5, is a native of West Yirginia, born in Tyler County, November 24, 1839. He is a son of David John, who lives in Davis County, Missouri. He was born January 13, 1803, in Greene County, Pennsylvania, a son of James John, who is now deceased. John B. John, the subject of this sketch, received his education in the rude log cabin subscription schools, which were built in the most primitive style. He came with his parents to Greene County, Iowa, in the fall of 1856, where he has since made his home. He enlisted in the late war in Company H, Tenth Iowa Infantry, in Au- gust, 1861, serving until December 10, 1862, when he was discharged on account of disa- bility. He was married October 9, 1864, to Mrs. Asenath Brown, a daughter of Isaac Crumley, of Greene County, Iowa, and to this union have been born three children — Isaac (deceased), Eva Alma and William B. By her marriage with Isaac H. Brown, Mrs. John had four children, of whom only one is living, a daughter named Hannah A. Mr. Brown was a native of East Tennessee, born November 10, 1828. He was a Second Lieu- tenant of Company H, Tenth Iowa Infantry, during the war of the Rebellion, and was killed at tbe battle of Champion Hills. Mr. John has made farming the principal avoca- tion of his life, and by his persevering in dustry and good management he has met with excellent success, being now the owner of 194 acres of valuable land where he re- sides. Both Mr. and Mrs. John, and their daughters, Hannah and Alma, are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. > ? i i t ■ |[EOEGE HANKS, one of the first set- tlers of Scran ton Township, has lived on section 15 since the autumn of 1870, his homestead at that time being in a state of nature. Mr. Hanks is a native of Eng- land, born in Yorkshire October 18, 1831, a son of George and Jane Hanks, both of whom died in their native country. He was reared in the city of York, and when eighteen years of age entered the English army, and served three years a member of the Twentieth In- fantry, his service being on the Isle of Wight, Bermuda and Canada. After leaving the service of the Queen he lived at Ogdensburg, St. Lawrence County, New York, and at Gouverneur until 1859, and then went to Bennington County, Yermont, where he lived until the autumn of 1863, when he came West as far as Ogle County, Illinois, where he followed agricultural pursuits until 1870, and then came to Iowa and settled on the farm where he now lives. Mr. Hanks was married at Montreal, Canada, July 20, 1852, to Miss Catharine Kane, a native of County Cavan, Ireland, daughter of Patrick and Honore (McManus) Kane. Her father died in Durham, Canada, in 1857, and her mother now lives in Scranton Township with her son Charles Kane. To Mr. and Mrs. Hanks have been born ten children, of whom but six are living — the eldest died in infancy; George H. is a resident of Antelope County, Nebraska; John L. lives in Dodge County, : HffJB— — ■——l liiBullB Ba— ■■■■■■^■■■■■■■■■■■BiHH .W„IB„»7 i BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 301 Nebraska; William E. died in 1873, aged sixteen years and four months; Francis D. lives in Seranton City; Sarah J. is the wife of William O. Maley; Susan died in Illinois, aged six years and four months; Martha died in Illinois, aged eighteen months ; Martha E. and Elizabeth are at home. In politics Mr. Hanks is identified with the Labor Reform Greenback party. He is one of the representative men of his township, and an upright, influential citizen. ?ALA A. CHURCH, the present attor- ney of Greene County, has been a mem- ber of the bar of this county since May 14, 1878. In his earliest practice at Jeffer- son he formed a partnership with Harvey Potter, Esq., which continued about eighteen months. He was then associated with A. M. Head, the firm name being Head & Church. This partnership lasted until July, 1881, since which time Mr. Church has been alone in practice. He served as justice of the peace from 1880 until 1885, and in 1884 was elected Mayor of Jefferson. After serving one year he was elected county attorney. Mr. Church was born in the town of Dayton, Green County, Wisconsin, May 28, 1852. He received his literary education at Evans- ville, Wisconsin, and in the collegiate depart- ment of the Wisconsin State University, and graduated in the law department of the Wis- consin State University at Madison, June 20, 1876. After graduation he was engaged for two years in teaching. He was married at Jefferson, May 4, 1881, to Miss May McCully, daughter of D. B. McCully, deceased. They have one child, a daughter — Iza L. Politi- cally Mr. Church is a Republican. He is a member of the Odd Fellows fraternity, being a member both of the subordinate lodge and the encampment. Also of the Masonic fra- ternity, being a member of Blue Lodge, chap- ter and commandery, and is high priest of the chapter at present writing. ibi i i i iS * \\ l £* y» «°» ILLIAM STEVENS, residing on sec- tion 35, Jackson Township, has been identified with Greene County since 1869, coming from Boone County, where he spent his first winter in Iowa. He was born in Oswego County, New York, in the town of Oswego, February 12, 1823, son of Joel and Margaret (Tannery) Stevens, natives of Orange County, New York, both of whom died in Oswego County. William was reared to a farm life, and early inured to hard labor. He remained with his parents until he reached manhood, then learned the cooper's trade, which he followed about ten years in his native county. In January, 1844, he wedded Miss Mary E. Carnrite, who was born January 7, 1823, daughter of Peter and Annie E. Carnrite, of Herkimer County. Her parents removed to Oswego County when she was a child. They lived to an advanced age, each at death being seventy-eight years old. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens removed to New Chester, Adams County, Wiscousin, in 1857; thence to Columbia County, where they lived two years; thence to Iowa, as before stated. Mr. Stevens owns a fine farm of 200 acres, all on section 35. They have seven children living. — Letta A. M., wife of George Gymer; Lillie O., wife of John E. Dodge; Mariette A., wife of Jay Barker; Williard S.; Cora A., wife of Miner Steele; William H. and Carrie E. Laura A., wife of Hugh D. Mc- Geary, died August 23, 1886, aged thirty years. She left four children — Agnes A., Mary Pearl, Laura Bertha and Carrie Eliza- beth. Effie M. died June 2, 1874, at the age ***«%*. *%.? m* ^u ' S « fONATHAN ROBINSON, postoffice Cooper, engaged in farming on section 11, Franklin Township, was born in Cayuga County, New York, September 3, 1842, a son of Ezekiel and Catherine Robin- son. They were the parents of twelve chil- dren, our subject being the youngest child. They subsequently removed with their family to Carroll County, Illinois, where their mother still lives. Their father died in 1883. Jona- than Robinson grew to manhood in Carroll County, being reared on a farm, and edu- cated in the common schools. He enlisted in defense of his country April 22, 1861, and was mustered in May 24 among the first Illinois troops, and was assigned to Company K, Fifteenth Infantry. He participated in the battles at Pittsburgh Landing, siege pi Corinth and siege of Vicksburg, and June 17, 1864, was honorably discharged at Spring- field, Illinois, when he returned to Carroll County. March 6, 1865, he re-enlisted for one year in Company G, Fourth United States Army Corps, and at the expiration of his term of service was again honorably dis- charged at Columbus, Ohio. He was married December 14, 1865, to Miss Uranee "Wight, a native of the State of New York, a daugh- ter of Stephen Wight. Mrs. Robinson died November 9, 1875, leaving three children — Ellsworth, Delia May, and Frank. July 4, 1876, Mr. Robinson was again married, to Miss Harriet S. Lawton, a daughter of Philip and Janet (Gait) Lawton. To this union have been born two children — Orrie and Arthur. Mr. Robinson resided in Carroll County, Illinois, until 1869, when he removed with his family to Greene County, Iowa, and set- tled in Washington Township where he re- sided for twelve years, and opened up a farm of eighty acres on section 30. In 1881 he purchased his present farm which contains eighty acres of well improved land under a fine state of cultivation, a good residence and farm buildings. Mr. Robinson is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, belong- ing to George H. Thomas Post, No. 23, at Jefferson. In politics he is an ardent Re- publican. SREEDOM P. COOPER, proprietor of the livery and feed stable at Rippey, & Greene County, was born in Niagara, Canada, the date of his birth being June 14, 1847, his father, Freedom Cooper, being now a resident of Ogden, Iowa. In 1853 our sub- ject was brought by his parents to Clarke County, Missouri, and in September, 1859, to Boone County, Iowa, where the father has since made his home. Freedom P. Cooper was reared to the avocation which he has fol- lowed the greater part of his life, and in his youth he attended the schools of his neigh- borhood, where, he obtained a fair common school education. He was united in mar- riage January 8, 1875, to Miss Margaret Ramsey, a daughter of John Ramsey, of Boone County, Iowa. Four children have BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 305 been born to this union of whom only two are living — Charles and Martha. Mr. Cooper followed farming until 1884. In March, 1886, he came to Rippey, when he opened his present stable, and by his gentlemanly and accommodating manners, and strict at- tention to the wants of his customers he has succeeded in building up a good business which is steadily increasing. fOSEPH COCHRAN", one of the pioneers of Greene County, resides on section 4, Kendrick Township, P. O., Scranton. He was born in Ross County, Ohio, October 20, 1823, son of Hugh and Jane (Myers) Cochran, who where the parents of nine chil- dren, our subject being the sixth child. He resided in his native county until 1863, where he was reared a farmer, and received his education in the common schools, which were held in log school-houses. March 5, 1846, he was united in marriage with Miss Margaret Camelin, who was also a native of Ross County, Ohio. In 1863 Mr. Cochran, with his family, came to Greene County and settled upon his present farm, which was then in its primitive state. He built a log house, 16x18 feet, which answered for kitch- en, sleeping-room and parlor, and all visitors to this hospitable mansion were sure of a warm reception. Mr. Cochran owns 156 acres of excellent land, has a good house, and his farm buildings are commodious and com- fortable. Politically he is a Democrat, and is a worthy and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. and Mrs. Cochran have had seven children, four of whom are living — Elizabeth Jane Stephen- son, who resides in Cedar Township; Hugh Allen, who resides in Ohurdan engaged in the hardware business; Lafayette, a farmer re- siding in Cedar Township; Charles, born January 25, 1864, lives at home and assists in the management and care of the farm. Rhoda Ann Powers died in May, 1877, and two died in infancy. * o *-" i | a? i> 3* ' £ * ?)/* * " HARLES A. ENGLISH, one of the prominent farmers and stock-raisers of Highland Township, residing on section 3, was born in Clarion County, Pennsylvania, August 1, 1836, a son of Robert and Esther (Henry) English. He grew to manhood in his native State, being reared to the avocation of a farmer. At the age of twenty years' he immigrated to Scott County, Iowa, where he commenced farming for himself, remaining there till the fall of 1859, when he removed to Clinton County, Iowa. He was married in De "Witt, Clinton County, Iowa, August 27, 1863, to Mary A. Williams, who was born at St. Charles, Missouri, May 1, 1841, a daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Williams, who were also natives of the State of Mis- souri. They are the parents of seven chil- dren — Edward N., born December 14, 1864; Lulu T., October 7, 1866; Sarah G., October 1, 1869; Thomas M., August 12, 1872; Bruce H., May 11, 1875; Clyde A., Septem- ber 8, 1877, and Elizabeth, March 3, 1880. Mr. English came to Greene County, Iowa, with his family in the spring of 1881, and has since made his home on section 3, High- land Township. When he first came to the township, the creek which flows in front of his house was so high that he had to float the lumber over for his buildings. In connection with his general farming, Mr. English devotes considerable attention to stock-raising, his land being well adapted for that purpose. He is a thorough, practical farmer, and in his agricultural pursuits has met with excellent 306 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. success, his farm containing 160 acres of valuable land, well stocked. Both Mr. and Mrs. English are active members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics Mr. English is a staunch Republican. iEOEGE F. HANSON, deceased, was born in the State of Maine, February 8, 1826, a son of Silas' and Hulda Hanson, who were among Iowa's pioneers, making their home in Muscatine County as early as 1839. His father died in that county the same year, his mother surviving her husband for twenty-two years, her death taking place in 1861. George F. Hanson, the subject of this sketch, was married in Jones County, Iowa, November 23, 1848, to Miss Hannah Sherman, a native of Chautauqua County, New York, born February 14, 1830, a daugh- ter of Joshua and Mary Ann Sherman. Her parents were pioneers of Jones County, set- tling there in 1843, where they died many years ago on their old homestead. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Hanson made their home on a farm in Muscatine County, and there their six children were born — Silas, living at home with his mother; Hul- dah, wife of R. S. Ervin, an attorney at law, residing at Fort Dodge; Avis, teaching school at Fort Dodge ; Ella, teaching school at Paton, Greene County, and Sherman and Paul, living at home. In 1872 Mr. and Mrs. Hanson, in order to give their children the opportunity of attending the State University, removed to Iowa City, where they remained two years, removing thence to Scranton City, Greene County,where Mr. Hanson was engaged in gen- eral mercantile pursuits until 1880. In that year he sold his stock of goods and removed to section 12, Scranton Township, intending to arive his entire attention to his farm. He improved his laud from the naked prairie, and left at his death a fine estate consisting of 720 acres. He died February 1, 1884, and though left in comfortable circumstances, his family met with an irretrievable loss. He was an active, progressive business man, and gained the confidence and respect of all who knew him, his death causing universal regret. He always took a deep interest in public affairs, and was active in promoting the in- terests of his county, township, or neighbor- hood. In politics he was formerly a Whig, but was a Republican from the organization of that party. I °*~'" 4 (ir" 3* ' S '"-S*"--*" R. BENJAMIN F. WEST, postmaster and druggist at Angus, was born in Crawfordsville, Indiana, April 22, 1858, son of Thomas J. West, a native of the same place. The grandfather, Jeremiah West, came from Ohio to Crawfordsville in an early day, settling among the Indians and wild ani- mals. He lived in a log cabin. Our subject was reared on a farm near his native town, and educated at Wabash College, Crawfords- ville, graduating at Miami Medical College, Cincinnati, March 1, 1881. He then re- turned to his native place and practiced his profession until January, 1882, then came to Angus, where he has since lived. In August, 1886, he was made postmaster, and confined his practice to office practice. He also be- came a partner with Daniel J. Morris in the drug store. The , postoffice is kept in the same place. He was married September 12, 1881, to Mary Graham, daughter of Nathan Graham, now deceased. They have had two children, only one living — Harold. Wilson W. died from the effects of a burn received by his clothes taking fire from the stove. Dr. West built up a large and lucrative practice. »-»ftjWfe J «^..*-%._*-*_W^ '■ • I" 1 *! **>** ^* »-" »«*. "-*Ljfr %-«»-*»-• ■ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1 307 I r ■ I L He is a member of the Odd Fellows society and encampment, the Knights of Honor, Good Templars, and of the Methodist Epis- copal church. He has been a member of the town council and of the school board. |EORGE B. McCULLY.— The mercan- tile firm of McCully & Co., at Jefferson, is composed of George B. and Elizabeth McCully. The business was established by G. and D. B. McCully in 1874. This part- nership continued about four years, when the latter became sole proprietor. In 1882 the partnership of D. B. McCully & Son was formed. The former died October 4, 1884, since which time the business has been con- ducted by the present firm. They are located on the east side of the square, their building being a fine frame structure 132 x 22 feet. It was erected by D. B. McCully in 1884. Daniel B. McCully, one of the found- ers of this enterprise, was a native of Ohio, where he was born in 1832. He was reared in his native State, and came to Scott County, Iowa, when a young man, where he married Elizabeth Smith, also a native of Ohio. He was reared on a farm, but for several years after his marriage followed the mercantile business in Wheatland, Clinton County, where he continued until he came here in 1874. He was a successful business man, and built up a fine trade. His wife and son succeeded him at his death. Politically he was a Eepublican, but took very little inter- est in political matters. He was a member of the board of supervisors of this county for four years. Previous to coming here, he had for many years been identified with the Chris- tian church. There being no religious or- ganization of that church here, he united with the Baptist church at Jefferson, of which he remained a consistent and faithful member until death. He left a wife and four chil- dren — Mrs. Harriet E. Warner, a resident of Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory; Mrs. Mary Church, of Jefferson; George B. and Willie S. George B., the oldest son, was born in Scott County, this State, in 1859. He was educated at Jefferson Academy, and when eighteen years old was engaged as clerk in his father's store. He married Miss Ida V. Hozad, who was born at Newton, Jasper County. They have one child, Daniel C. Willie S. McCully, the younger son, was born in Scott County, in September, 1866. i-jMf-i §1. RITCHIE, farmer and stock-raiser, section 35, Cedar Township, has a good Q farm of 250 acres, and is one of Cedar Township's representative citizens. His parents, George and Margaret Ritchie, were natives of Maryland, and settled in Ohio in an early day, and in that State he was born September 22, 1824. He learned the car- penter's trade in his youth, at which he worked in Ohio and Indiana. He was mar- ried in the latter State April 14, 1853, to Miss Margaret Ann Stephenson, a native of Indiana, born August 4, 1833, daughter of James and Mary Stephenson, natives of Ohio, but early settlers of Indiana, where they were married. In 1856 Mr. Ritchie moved to Greene County, Iowa, and settled on the farm where he now lives. His first purchase was eighty acres of raw prairie land, and has improved it until he now has it under culti- vation, and has added to it from time to time as he was able. During a residence of thirty years Mr. Ritchie has witnessed all the changes that have taken place in trans- forming Greene County from a barren prairie to a fine farming community interspersed 308 HISTORY OF QBE EN E COUNTY. with thriving villages. He came West with but little capital, but his undaunted pluck and energy have resulted successfully. Mr. and Mrs. Eitchie have had eight children — Mary E., born April 6, 1854; "William, born March 27, 1856; Margaret E., - born April 16, 1858; Adeliza, born October 29, 1860; Eo- setta and Eosanna, born June 27, 1863; Eosetta died July 24, 1874; Ever A., born. August 5, 1868, died July 25, 1873; E. Pearl, born November 19, 1877. In politics Mr. Eitchie is a Eepublican. ■ % t > i a |YDNEY J. COUNCILMAN, one of the prominent farmers of Grant Town- ship, resides on section 34, his farm of 320 acres lying on sections 34 and 33. He paid $11 per acre for this farm, which was wholly unimproved, but is now in a good state of cultivation. He was born in Broome County, New York, July 18, 1838. His father, Frederick Councilman, removed from the State of New York to Cook County, Illinois, thence to Clinton County, Iowa, in 1853, where he died in 1884. Sydney J. lived near De "Witt, Clinton County, until he came to Greene County in 1878. He mar- ried Miss Angeline Winchell, of Cascade, Dubuque County, and they have six children, one son and five daughters. Mr. Council- man has one of the most desirable farms in the township. He has given much attention to fruit-raising, and has a fine orchard which he set out in 1879. Of the 300 trees which he set out at that time only twenty have died. The orchard now contains about 600 trees. He raises apples and very fine small fruits, including strawberries of an excellent quality. He has a taste for horticulture, and has given considerable attention to that sub- ject. In early life he received a good educa- tion, and taught eight terms of winter school in Clinton County. '■» "a , » S i » £ ' %' » »• |EOEGE "W. MUNN, section 21, .Jack- jif son Township, settled on his farm June r- 1, 1873, it being at that time wild prairie land, and but two families were living in sight of his residence. The developments of Greene County in the past thirteen years has nowhere been more noticeable than in his portion of Jackson Township. Mr. Munn's farm contains" 160 acres of choice land, all available and productive, and shows the care of a thrifty owner. Mr. Munn was born in Oneida County, New York, June 1, 1849, a son of George and Jane (Gibbs) Munn. "When he was about a year old his parents moved to Boone County, Illinois, and there he was reared. His father died No- vember 17, 1860, leaving his widow with a family of nine children, five sons and four daughters. Albert E., the eldest, is now a resident of Boone, Iowa, as is also a daughter, Mrs. Jane Olmsted; Mrs. Sarah Lemmon lives in O'Brien County, Iowa; the fourth child was George W. ; Gardner lives near the old homestead in Illinois; Mrs. Martha Hall lives in the Black Hills district of Dakota; James lives with his mother on the old homestead; Mrs. Euth Silvins lives in De Kalb County, Illinois; Eufus, twin brother of Euth, died, aged three years. George "W. M unn has always followed agri- cultural pursuits, commencing as a boy on his father's farm. H e was married October 13, 1870, to Miss Maria S. Chamberlin, a native of Pittsfield, Massachusetts, born October 13,-1847, a daughter of Griffin and Maria (Sheldon) Chamberlin. Her mother died in Massachusetts, and in 1853 her father moved to Boone County, Illinois, and died BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 309 in New York December 12, 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Munn have one daughter — Lnella, born April 10, 1877. In politics Mr. Munn is a Republican. "►- "f * 3"S , |" ~*°' WILLIAM A. McALLISTEE resides on section 29, Grant Township, where he owns 140 acres of land. He was born in Greene County, Ohio, in 1845. In the spring of 1864 his father, James H. McAllister, emigrated with his family to Iowa, settling in Iowa County. In the fall of 1870 the parents went to Storm Lake, expecting to make a home there, but the country proved too new for them at their age in life, and they decided to settle in Greene County. The father accordingly purchased a farm of eighty acres in Grant Township, adjoining the farm now owned by his son William. But little improvement had been made. He erected a tine house and barn and other buildings, and there died July 20, 1885. His wife, Susanna McAllis- ter, was killed by lightning September 2, 1875, during one of the most severe rain storms ever known in this country. Mr. and Mrs. McAllister were stationed just beneath the chimney on the second floor of the house endeavoring to catch in a tin vessel the water which came down the chimney in large quantities, threatening to flood the room. The electric fiend struck the chimney, in- stantly killing Mrs. McAllister. Her hus- band was rendered senseless by the shock, and was made deaf to quite an extent. A very remarkable fact is that he remained deaf until about two weeks before his death, when his hearing returned, and he could hear as distinctly as he ever did. Mr. and Mrs. McAllister were natives of Greene County, Ohio, the father of Scotch origin, and the mother of Irish. They had four children, two of whom died in infancy. The others are — William A. and a younger sister, Mrs. Edith Alice Scott, of Bristol Township. William A. McAllister enlisted October 15, 1864, in Company G, Sixteenth Iowa, and took part in the closing scenes of the war, marching with General Sherman to the sea. He was taken sick at Raleigh, North Caro- lina, and transferred to Beaufort; thence to Long Island, and was discharged in New York City May 28, 1865. He was married in Iowa County to Mary Ann Wagner, who was born in- Ohio, and removed with her parents to Iowa when but seven years of age. Mr. and Mrs. McAllister have one child — Alice, born in Iowa County in January, 1867. Mr. McAllister is a Republican politically, as was his father. He is quite largely en- gaged in stock-raising, and he also makes a specialty of Canadian-French horses. i>3«-ij"> ^WAN NELSON, general merchant at Angus, was born in Christianstadt, Sweden, October 29, 1861, son of John Anderson, deceased. The customs of that country are such that if the father was living o Mr. Nelson's name would be Johnson. His mother married a Mr. Nelson, and he took his stepfather's name. He went to Chicago with his mother in 1868, where he lived until 1879, then came to Angus, which was then in its embryo. He clerked for Blair & Johnson, proprietors of the first store estab- lished in Angus. He remained with them until 1882, then clerked for Webster & Lunt six months, after which he returned to Chicago and engaged as department clerk in the domestic department of Cleveland, Cum- mings & Woodruff's wholesale dry goods house, where he remained seven months,
a "«"»"ws£ .»■»„ »■■»'■ 314 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. lived till 1866. April 30, 1840, he was mar- ried to Miss Elizabeth Magoon, who was born in Maine, February 1, 1817, the third in a family of four children of Benjamin and Charlotte (Batty) Magoon, who were also natives of Maine. Three children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Ham — Edwin, Harrison and Caroline. In 1866 Mr. Ham removed with his family to McLean County, Illinois, set- tling on a farm which he afterward sold, and in 1876 went to Michigan, where he made his home about seven years. In 1882 he came to Greene County, Iowa, and settled in Frank- lin Township, where he has since resided, and ranks among the best citizens. In politics he is a Republican. Postoffice, Jamaica, Iowa. »~«§*>**§»~*~— - JP^ARVY W. GRAHAM, one of the suc- cessful farmers and business men of Bristol Township, has been identified with the interests of Greene County since 1871, during which year he came from Noble County, Indiana. The four succeeding years he resided in Cedar Township, where he owned a farm on section 20. In January, 1876, he sold that property and bought an interest in the Hawkeye Mills in Bristol Township, with Edward Hobden and W. J. Kinnett as partners, under the firm name of "W. J. Kinnett & Co. About two years later Mr. Graham and Mr. Kinnett purchased the interest of Mr. Hobden, and continued the business under the name of Kinnett & Gra- ham until 1882, when Mr. Graham sold out to Mr. Kinnett and purchased the fine farm property of 160 acres he now owns and occupies. He has added largely to the build- ing improvements, and has one of the finest farms in this part of the county. Mr. Gra- ham was born in Athens County, Ohio, December 19, 1840, son of "William and Elizabeth (Camp) Graham. The father died when Harvy W. was five years of age, leaving a wife and a younger child, Ivy, now the wife of "William "Walker, of Eaton County, Michi- gan. For her second husband the mother married Mr. Francis Porter, who died in 1881. The mother died in Noble County, Indiana, in 1884. Mr. Graham removed to Noble County with his mother and step- father. He was married in Adams County, Indiana, to Miss Isabel Van Buskirk, May 21, 1861. They remained in Noble County until they came to this county. They have five children, all of 'whom are under the parental roof — Wilbert D., Annie, Lora B., Ella F. and Bertha E. Elizabeth O., the third child, died, at the age of three years and six months. In politics Mr. Graham is a Republican, and he is also a member of Jefferson Lodge, No. 159, A. F. & A. M. «■&-•£« fk>ENRY H. ADKINS, farmer, section 6, Washington Township, was born in ^Sd Champaign County, Illinois, November 2, 1846. His father, Lewis Adkins, de- ceased, was a native of Ohio, born in 1816, and emigrated to Illinois in an early day. His mother, Mary A. (Phillippee) Adkins, is living with her son, and is aged seventy-two years. The parents had ten children, four of whom are living — Angeline, Henry, Nelson and Fannie. They removed to Dallas County, Iowa, in 1856, arid to this county in the fall of 1857, settling where Henry now lives. The country was very new and wild, and abounded in deer, elk, wolves, etc. The father died in December, 1882. Our subject was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. The first school he attended was taught by A. R. Mills, in a small plank house. Mr. Adkins owns 120 acres of excel- •SSmSmSm: '«""' jMgMjjBSEJBga ■■■■*■■ M—H»*g S52&3) ill BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 315 lent land, and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. He was married July 18, 1869, to Mary E. Hoover, daughter of Sam- uel and Sarah Hoover, pioneers of Washing- ton Township, having settled there in 1855. The father is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Ad- kins have had six children, three of whom are living — Charles W., Effie E. and Mabel M. In politics Mr. Adkins is a Republican, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. Hoover's father was born in Ohio, March 10, 1823; her mother is a native of Virginia. ►*-*• ||SAAC M. BARNES, living on section 10, H Highland Township, is one of the active *F farmers and stock-raisers of Greene Coun- ty. He was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, June 25, 1841, a son of Nathan and Mary Barnes, who were natives of Ohio and Penn- sylvania respectively, both now deceased. When he was ten years of age he was taken by his parents to Clinton, Iowa, remaining with them till about twenty years of age. He then went to Illinois, and enlisted in the defense of his country, in Company F, Eighty-third Illinois Infantry. He went with his regiment to Fort Donelson, where he was wounded January 29, 1863, remaining in hospital six weeks, when he received an honorable discharge and was sent home. Mr. Barnes, like many others, has never fully recovered from the effects of his army experi- ence. Besides the loss of a limb he con- tracted heart disease, and now receives a pension. His brother James was a member of Company H, Twenty-sixth Iowa Infantry, and was killed at the battle of Arkansas, and buried at St. Louis. Another brother, Nathan Barnes, enlisted in Company F, Eighty-third Illinois Infantry, returning home with a broken limb. After the war Isaac M. Barnes settled in Clinton County, Iowa, where he made his home till 1879. He was married September 29, 1870, to Miss Laura Nowles, who was born in Ohio, December 9, 1849, her parents, G. R. and Emily Nowles, also being natives of Ohio. They came to Iowa in 1850, being pioneers of Scott County, where Mrs. Barnes was reared. Pier parents still reside in Scott County. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes are the parents of seven children — Mary Tacy, born August 7, 1871; Albert M., born September 2, 1872; Mabel, born Sep- tember 2, 1875 ; Alice, born June 6, 1877 ; Laura, born March 6, 1879; Icyda, born Jan- uary 22, 1882, and Lester, born March 16, 1885. Mr. Barnes is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, belonging to the post at Scranton City, Iowa. In politics he is a straight Republican. Postoftice Churdan, Iowa. K. OLDS, merchant, Angus, was born in Morgan County, Indiana, September 12, 1854. His father, Jared Olds, of Minburn, was a native of Connecticut, and settled in Morgan County in 1832, removing to Dallas County, this State, in 1872. He was reared a farmer, and educated at Moores- ville, Indiana. He was engaged in farming two years, then embarked in the mercantile business at Minburn. In March, 1886, he disposed of his stock, and came to Angus the following September, and purchased the Utter stock of goods, to which he added a large stock. He also has a store in the Standard addition to Angus, and carries a capital stock of $4,000, with annual sales amounting to $40,000. He has an extensive trade, and is well liked as a business man. He was mar- ried September 12, 1877, to Minerva A. ■■■■■»B»H»t ■»pi»ni»«-ll-»°li-.» ia»i.'aa».l»."l«»»»'. ■■■■■.'■■■■■■■-"-■■■■''■■.^ 316 HISTORY OF ORBENE COUNTY. West, a daughter of Thomas J. West, a pio- neer of Dallas County. They have three children — Jennie B., Myrtle M. and Eva M. He has never sought official positions. He is a member of the Masonic order, and has filled all the offices except worshipful master, and would have held that office, but moved away just on the eve of the election. He and his wife are Methodists. t-T* yj^HARLES L. CLEVELAND, one of the leading agriculturists of Jackson Town*- ship, resides on section 18, his home- stead containing 200 acres of choice prairie land, all well improved, and his residence and other buildings are all noticeably good. He also owns forty acres of timber land on section 32, Bristol Township. Mr. Cleveland was born in Chautauqua County, New York, February 23, 1842, the only child of Nathan and Emeline (Raveline) Cleveland, his father a native of New York, and his mother of Vermont. His father died in 1844, and in 1845 his mother moved to Kane County, Illinois, and was there married in 1847 to Eben Foss. She lived in Kane County until her death, which occurred in November, 1885, aged sixty-seven years. Charles L. Cleveland was reared on a farm in Kane County, living there until after the breaking out of the war of the .Rebellion. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, one Hundred and Twenty-fourth Illinois Infantry, and was with his regiment at the engagements at Fort Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Black River and the siege of Vicksburg, and at the storming of Fort Hill (at Vicksburg) after it was blown up. Through this .cam- paign he was under the gallant John A. Logan. After the latter campaign they were sent to the Gulf Department, and under the gallant General A. J. Smith did meritorious service in the relief of General Banks on his retreat from the disastrous Red River expe- dition. Later, under General Smith, the regiment participated in the assault on Spanish Fort, at Mobile, which was their last cam- paign. Mr. Cleveland was discharged June 10, 1865, and returned to Kane County, Illinois, and lived in Kane and De Kalb counties until 1872, when he came to Iowa and located in Greene County. As an agri- culturist Mr. Cleveland is excelled by none in the county. Understanding fully the needs of the times, his methods are those adapted to the progressive age. He com- menced in Greene County on a small capital, although he had enough to pay for the tract of prairie which is now his fine farm. He has prospered beyond his expectations. He early turned his attention to stock-raising, and has found in this industry the road to independence. Mr. Cleveland was married in Kane County, Illinois, January 2, 1866, to Miss Wealthy A. Allen, a native of Ohio, born October 25, 1841, a daughter of Levi Allen. They have two sons — Fred and Frank, aged respectively seventeen and thirteen years. Three children, Alta,Nellie and Arthur, died in, childhood. In politics Mr. Cleveland is identified with the Democratic party. He is a member of N. H. Powers Post, No. Ill, G. A. R, and of Blackberry Lodge, No. 359, A. F. &A. M. h 3 n £ « flLLIAM M. CROW, druggist, Grand fm Junction, was born in Warren Coun- tI ty, Indiana, February 20, 1844. His father, John Crow, is a native of Dansville, Kentucky, and now resides in Polk County, this State. William M. was reared a farmer, and was educated in the high school at Des ifoWm m mmmmmMmmm m m V m U W mMm m ^mm WAM^VmmmtomB-mii&^mmmmimm^mBmmmmmmmM&'mMAmmWmW S BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 317 Moines, and also at Worthington and "War- ner's Commercial College of the same city. He came with his parents to Des Moines in 1850. In many respects he is a self-made man, having taught school sixteen years. He taught in Polk, Jasper, Dallas and Greene counties; he also taught in Kansas. His mother was formerly Medina Mace, a sister of Hon. Daniel Mace, who represented the La Fayette, Indiana, district from 1852 to 1856, and it was he who presented the name of Andrew Johnson for Vice-President of the United States. He was a celebrated lawyer, and was the attorney of the famous criminal, Bowles. Afterward, while talking with Presi- dent Johnson, he was stricken with paralysis, from which he never recovered. Mr. Crow came to Grand Junction in 1878, and engaged in his present business. He carries a capital stock of $2,500, consisting of drugs, medi- cines, paints, oils, books, stationery, school books, notions, and everything usually kept in a first-class drug store. He does an annual business of $8,000. He was married Sep- tember 1, 1874, to Mary E. Jenks, daughter of William C. Jenks, deceased, and they have three children — E. Ernest, Arthur M. and Hazel. The latter was named for the heroine of the beautiful drama, Hazel Kirk. Mr. Crow is serving as president of the school board. Mrs. Crow is a member of the Pres- byterian church. E. STEVENS settled on section 30, Grant Township, in 1885. He l-cp#j » hag 357 acres f ja^d, and is largely engaged in stock-raising. He has a fine brick residence, built by Alexander Millett, who formerly owned the place. Mr. Stevens has one of the best barns in Greene County, which he built in 1886, at a cost of about $1,600. He is a native of Massachusetts, and removed to Illinois in 1860. In 1862 he went to Ohio, and in January, 1864, enlisted in the Thirty-eighth Ohio, and served until the close of the war. His regiment was at- tached to the Fourteenth Army Corps, in the Army of the Tennessee and the Army of the Cumberland, being in active service all the time. After the war he returned to Ohio, and in 1872 went to Clay County, Nebraska, where he took up land and improved a farm. He had 345 acres, and sold out at $30 an acre. He was married in Illinois to Editha Lord, a native of Illinois. Mr. Stevens has an excellent farm, well adapted to stock- raising as well as to general farming. His improvements are of the best quality, and his location is a very desirable one. They have an adopted son. ***" l "S * 3* ' i'S 1 * - — ' fESSE JOHNSON, of Jefferson, settled in Bristol Township, May 19, 1868, and was one of the first settlers in that part of the township. He located upon 160 acres of land that was entirely wild. He now owns a half section, besides a half section in Highland Township. Upon coming to this county he immediately engaged in the dairy business. He brought with him seventy head of cattle, about thirty of which were cows. He at once procured a fine apparatus for manufacturing cheese and butter, obtain- ing a " Eoe Western Eeserve Vat and Cheese Press" of the best manufacture, and pre- pared himself for doing an extensive busi- ness. He was the first manufacturer of butter and cheese on a large scale in Greene County. He continued that business until 1883, then sold his stock, rented his land and removed to Jefferson. Mr. Johnson was born in Dela- ware County, Ohio, in January, 1835, where •■"F? " " " lgi " 1BgB ^ i ' lg1ilsgiriJg =»r >"Hy"H-'-T* * -».i "%.<-' *^-%.^^*^^fr^-%^l».*»^%y'»>^*J^1^^---^-*>W^HJ^ ■V'SrE"^*"!l!!! l £""" T 5 ^^'^ 318 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. he was reared to manhood. He came to Jones County, this State, in 1858, and engaged in farming with his brother Eobert. In Oc- tober, 1861, he went to Chicago with a car- load of cattle. He had already contemplated going into the army, but expected to return to Ohio and enlist in an Ohio regiment; but upon reaching Chicago he found the war fever running pretty high, and yielded to the temptation there offered, enlisting at Camp Chase, October 20, 1861, in Company A, Fifty-first Illinois Infantry, and serving over four years. He participated in many of the most important battles of the war, including Stone River, Chickamauga, Mission Ridge, Resaca and New Hope Church. At the bat- tle of Stone River he served as Fourth Sergeant. The Second Lieutenant, Jackson Keith, was killed, and our subject was pro- moted over the Orderly Sergeant to the Lieutenant's place. At the battle of New Hope Church he received a gun-shot wound in the right leg, below the knee. It was a severe wound, and the ball remained in his leg until 1871, when it was removed by Dr. Enfield, of Jefferson. He was sent to the hospital at Nashville for about a month, then went home on furlough. He rejoined his regiment at Atlanta, thence to Chattanooga. While General Sherman was marching to the sea, Mr. Johnson's regiment, under Thomas, was in the battle of Franklin; thence to Nashville, and took part in the fight at that place. After General Hood had been effectively disposed of, his regiment was ordered to Texas. While at New Orleans, en route for Texas, he received the commis- sion of Captain, but had commanded his company all the time after the battle of Chickamauga. He was discharged with his regiment at Springfield, Illinois, September 25, 1865, and returned to Ohio. He soon after came to Jones County, Iowa, again, where he lived until he came to this county. Mr. Johnson was married February 25, 1864, while at home on veteran furlough, to Mary A. Denny, a native of Delaware County, Ohio, born March 8, 1843. Her parents, John and Sarah Denny, were early settlers of that county; they now live in Chicago. Mr. Johnson's parents were Adam and Sarah Johnson. They removed to Jones County in 1862. The father is now living at Fort Scott, Kansas, and the mother is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have had five children — Elfa S., Clara, Jessie F., Emma and Har- old. Clara, the second child, died at the age of twelve years. ,OBERT A. LOWRY, editor and pro- f| prietor of the Angus Black Diamond, is a native of the State of Illinois, born in Oswego September 24, 1859, a son of Hiram S. Lowry, who was born near Parkers-- burg, West Virginia, in 1834. During the late war he was Sergeant in Company I, Thirty-first Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and was killed at the siege of Atlanta, while fighting for the Union, August 27, 1863. Robert A. Lowry, whose name heads this sketch, spent the first nine years of his life in his native town, when he accompanied his mother and step-father to Polk County, Iowa, living there from 1868 until 1876. He then spent two years in attendance at the Agri- cultural College at Ames, Iowa, after which he engaged in teaching school, following that avocation in Pottawatomie and Cass counties, Iowa, until the fall of 1880. He then en- tered the law department of the State Uni- versity of Iowa, at Iowa City, and graduated with honors from that institution in June, 1881, and the same year began the practice of law at Stratford, Iowa. In 1882 he bought ■7 1 ssasBsasisssQ lUKBBll the Stratford Register, which he carried on in connection with his law practice until 1883. In July of the same year he came to Angus, Iowa, and with C. M. Oarr established the Angus Black Diamond. In 1884 he bought the interest of C. M. Carr, and has since devoted his time to the editing of his paper and to his law practice, in which he is meet- ing with success. Mr. Lowry was united in marriage September 24, 1883, to Miss Anna A. Keeler, a daughter of James F. Keeler, of Chicago, Illinois. Mrs. Lowry was born in Lena, Stephenson County, Illinois, but afterward moved to Chicago with her parents, where she lived till her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Lowry are the parents of two children — Chester H. and Orlo C. » SnS « tEWIS B. CBANDALL, residing on sec- tion 9, "Washington Township, was born in the town of Horseheads, Chemung County, State of New York, August 31, 1835. His father, Archibald Crandall, was born near Seneca Lake, New York, and his mother, Betsey A. (Strait) Crandall, was born in the town of Horseheads. He was brought up on a farm, and obtained his education in the common schools of his native county. He came to this county in the fall of 1867, settling upon his present farm, which was then entirely unfenced. A shanty had been built, and there was also a small stable on the place. Mr. Crandall has planted trees, groves and hedges, and has the farm well improved. He owns 199 acres, and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He was married in the State of New York March 18, 1861, to Alena A. Boyer, daughter of Thomas and Sarah (Griffith) Boyer, both of whom are deceased. They have had ten children, five of whom are living — James K., Lewis B., Mabel L., Nettie E. and George W. Mr. Crandall held the office of township trustee one term, but he never seeks official honors. ►*-•** W. MILLEE, farmer, is one of the X pioneers of Greene County, and resides 3 on section 21, Franklin Township, where he owns 200 acres of excellent land. He was born in Franklin County, ■ Ohio, February 15, 1837, son of J. C. and Margaret (McKinstry) Miller, the father a native of Mifflin County, Pennsylvania, and the mother of Cumberland County, same State. They were the parents of twelve children, seven of whom lived to maturity — Eoss W., Hoover, Margaret,' Elizabeth, Thomas, Mary E. and Jehu. Five of these children are still living. E. W. was the oldest of the family, and when he was seven years of age, his parents removed to the Territory of Iowa, locating at Walnut Grove, Scott County, sixteen miles north of Davenport, on Government land, and were among the first settlers of that county. Davenport was but a small village, and there was no railroad west of the Mississippi Eiver. Mr. Miller saw the first railroad coach that came to Eock Island. He was reared a farmer and received a limited education in the pio- neer log school-house. Arriving at the age of manhood, he was united in marriage November 4, 1857, with Miss Anna Eliza Mooney, a native of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, and daughter of Frederick and Margaret (McWilliams) Mooney, who were the parents of six children — William, Jane, Hannah, Anna Eliza, John and George. Mr. Miller resided in Scott County until 1871, when, with wife and three children, he came to this county and settled upon his present farm. He has a good house, and comfortable buildings for stock and grain. Mr. and Mrs. Bgggwgggijgggw "ssSQgi 320 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. Miller are the parents of three children — Clarence E., Ida M. and Ada M. He has given them good educational advantages, and all are well fitted for teachers and to take responsible positions in life. Politically Mr. Miller is a Republican, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. ►3ms- tfLLIAM F. ZELLHOEFER, dealer in hardware, stoves, tinware, shelf l&fl and heavy hardware, Grand Juuction, was born in Home, Jefferson County, Wis- consin, September 22, 1851, son of George and Frederica (Tartsch) Zellhoefer, natives of Germany, the former of whom is deceased. He went to Foreston, Illinois, in 1869; thence to Boone County in 1870, and to Grand Junction a year later, where he has since resided. He was engaged in the harness trade one year, having previously worked seven years at that trade. He engaged in his present business in May, 1879, and carries a capital stock of $3,000. He does an annual business of $15,000. He was married De- cember 26, 1875, to Ellen A. Thompson, daughter of John Thompson, who is deceased. They have three children — Guy W., Bertha and Forrest. Mr. Zellhoefer is a member of the Evangelical Association, and his wife is a Methodist. He served as town assessor two terms, and as treasurer several terms. He is now a member of the school board. i-JM-J-i |ANIEL EMBREE, lumber and" coal dealer at Grand Junction, was born in Yermillion County, Illinois, October 14, 1839, son of Joseph Embree, a native of Georgia, who is now deceased. He lived on a farm until twelve years of age, when the family removed to town. He came with his parents to "Warren County, Iowa, in 1850. Daring the late war, he enlisted in Company G, Fifteenth Iowa Iufantry, and served over three years. He enlisted as a private, and was promoted to Second Lieuteuant. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, Iuka, Yicksburg, the Atlanta campaign, march to the sea, and through to Washing- ton. He came to Des Moines in 1865, and was engaged in the mercantile trade until 1869, when he came to Grand Junction and clerked for the railroad companies at that place and was proprietor of the railroad eating house at Grand Junction for five years. In 1879 he embarked in the lumber and coal trade, and carries a capital stock of $5,000. He has a good trade, and it is constantly increasing. He was married August 6, 1868, to Aggie J. Johnston. They have one daughter, Bertha, thirteen years old. Mr. Embree is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Odd Fellows, and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. Mrs. Embree is a member of the Presbyte- rian church. ■"•-M§*3m5»§»»*» fOEL SHAW, a successful farmer and stock-raiser of Greene County, residing on section 13, Dawson Township, where he has 160 acres of choice land, is a son of Joel and Mariam Shaw, natives of England. They were the parents of six sons and six daughters, our subject being the fifth child. He was born in Butler County, Ohio, the date of his birth being September 27, 1838. He lived on the home farm till eight years old, when he began working in a woolen fac- tory, where he was employed for three years. At the age of twenty-three years he enlisted in defense of his country in Company H, Seventy-sixth Illinois Infantry, and was later Js? "^ ^"^"™""™""""-^^ ^ 1 ^ J %o< *-<"*J ^s *w> ^-1 «tf ^fc> .^ ' ■»- ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■«"■■■■■ 'W M w"a"im' g iB c '«™« , 'ai M 'M"B , 'Wi 1 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 321 transferred to Company H, Fourth Regiment, Yeteran Reserves. He was sent north and served on garrison duty at Rock Island, Illinois, Davenport, Iowa, and Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He received his discharge at Milwaukee, Wisconsin, June 25, 1865, when he returned to Illinois, and for the two years following made his home with his brother- in-law, N. Drayer. He was united in mar- riage September 25, 1867, to Miss Livia Griffin, a daughter of Asa and Margaret (Schultz) Griffin, natives of New York State. They were the parents of three sons and three daughters, Mrs. Shaw being the fifth child. She was born January 31, 1847, at Cloves- ville, Delaware County, New York. To Mr. and Mrs. Shaw have been born five children, as follows — Charles J., Hester I., Mary A., Medford A. and Edith M. Both Mr. and Mrs. Shaw are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. Postoffice Paton, Iowa. HORACE WALRAD, farmer, section 11, Kendrick Township, postoffice Scranton, is a native of De Kalb County, Illinois, born September 10, 1844, and son of Daniel and Ann (Mullen) Walrad, the former a native of New York. They were the parents of three children — Horace, Arvilla B. and Watson. Horace was reared a farmer, his father being a farmer and a local preacher. In June, 1861, he enlisted in Company' B, Fifty-fifth Illinois Infantry, Captain Fox commanding. He was wounded at Shiloh, above the elbow, by a musket ball, and his arm had to be amputated. He was confined in the hospital at Keokuk for a long time, and was honorably discharged August 22, 1862, at Chicago, Illinois. He was married June 4, 1874, to Mary Marinda Jane Mowry, who was born in Ohio, and a daughter of P. W. and Miranda (Morgan) Mowry. Mr. Walrad resided in De Kalb County until 1870, when he came to Greene County, Iowa. He settled upon his present farm in 1874, which was then in its primitive condition, and there he has since resided. Mr. and Mrs. Walrad have two children — Daniel Irven and Walter M. Waland. Politically Mr. Walrad is a Republican, and is a member of N. H. Powers Post, No. Ill, G. A. R., at Scranton. His father was twice married. To the second marriage were born three children — Julia Ann, Sarah Jane and D. E. Sarah Jane lives in Arkansas, and the others in Kansas. i ^»ShS»Sh -»»i fOHN P. BONTZ, farmer and stock-raiser, residing on section 18, Hardin Township, is a native of Bavaria, Germany, born June 25, 1837, his parents, Jacob and Eve Bontz, also being natives of Bavaria. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer. He left his native country when about twelve years of age, sailing from Marseilles, France, in 1849, and landing at New Orleans. He immediately located in Peoria, Illinois, where he resided until 1862, in which year he went to Boulder County, Colorado, where he worked by the day in the gold and silver mines. In 1864 he went to Montana and commenced mining for himself, remaining there till 1866, when he returned to Colorado and engaged in farming, which he followed until 1869. He then came to Iowa, and was engaged in work- ing in the coal mines in Boone County until 1872. He then removed to Greene County, and has since resided on his farm on section 18, Hardin Township. He was married in Greene County in February, 1875, to Miss Anna Shaw, who was born in Illinois in June, ^^■ ■■■'■ag»S»S^aMMi-» M ». '** *"• *-'• *"*■ ' 1 'v'^ , A ^'--*^->^>^^^'»^»Jta^^3fc>^^ )ft >^ -; i^ 3 ^^ aa jt^j« a *»_'Vhj^*j/ t_'>«_*»!»."«SL.'*S.-'*-i ■ *V •**-" 323 SSgiajSaSPS»S »s*-w« "- ■■■B"ii"ag"aip g"S"iniiS«r HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. 1856, a daughter of Joseph and Harriet Shaw, natives of Canada. Three children have been born to this union — Yiola, Fred and Joseph. Mr. Bontz is one of the self-made men of Greene County. He came to America a poor boy, but by hard work and careful manage- ment he has met with good success, and is now classed among the best farmers of Har- din Township, where he owns 268 acres of choice land, 160 acres located on section 18, and the remainder on section 6. His farm is well improved and under good cultivation, and his residence and farm buildings are comfortable and commodious. jEV. GEORGE ZELLHOEFER, de- m ceased, late of Grand Junction, was born **Cn| in Byren, Germany, April 1, 1818. He came to America in 1850, settling in Jef- ferson County, "Wisconsin. He was a minis- ter in the Evangelical Association over twenty-five years; preached mostly in "Wis- consin and Iowa. He came to Grand Junc- tion in 1871, where he preached and worked on a farm until his death, which occurred June 17, 1885. He was married October, 1848, to Frederica Tartsch, daughter of Gott- lieb Tartsch, deceased. They were the par- ents of eleven children, ten living— Chris- tina, William, John, George, August, Mary, Emma, Caroline, Edward and Sarah. The heirs still own the farm. J|g||ILLIAM H. PERKINS, dealer in wtffllf groceries, boots and shoes at Angus, r^sffeH was born in "Wales, February 17, 1852, son of John Perkins, also a native of Wales. He left his native country in September, 1869, coming to LaSalle, Illinois, and the following spring, to Emporia, Kansas, living there and in Osage City and Leavenworth until 1874. He spent one winter, in the meantime, in Bloomington, Illinois. In 1874 he went to Covington, Indiana, and the following year, visited his native country, returning in the spring of 1876, and in 1880 made a second visit to "Wales, and visited Cali- fornia the same year, returning in the fall of 1880. "While in Indiana, he kept a grocery store at Coal Creek, near Covington. He came to Angus in 1882, and engaged in his present business the following April. He keeps a full line of groceries, provisions, boots, shoes and notions. He was married in September, 1881, to Jane Morgan, daughter of Thomas Morgan, deceased. Their children are — Janett, John and Edith. Mr. Perkins is a member of the Odd Fellows order, is town treasurer, in 1886, and re-elected for town treasurer for 1887 — and has served as a mem- ber of the town council. R. SAMUEL E. WARNER, the lead- ing dentist of Greene County, has been engaged in the practice of his profes- sion at Jefferson since January 1, 1879. He is located in McNeal's Block, on the north- west corner of the square. Dr. Warner was born in Erie County, New York, where he grew to manhood. He began the study of dentistry at Springville, in his native county, when about twenty years of age. In 1877 he came west, spending one year in Michigan and Illinois. His skill in his profession is everywhere recognized as is indicated by his extensive practice. His education has been thorough, and he is well informed on all matters pertaining to his business, adopting all improvements as soon as they are shown to be such. His office is completely fnr- .».i„ii.. ...i.B.n^i k_0-ft_l-»_/ t^jMfe (-*,>«. Y^.S^Vfe.ftfr.' «*.<-^ . Jfc>»_«%_*9feJ- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 323 !' nished with the latest instruments pertaining to his profession, a recen,t addition being a Wilkerson chair. The doctor is the only one of his father's family residing in Iowa. i^Hf. lEN. F. ANDERSON resides on section 16, Grant Township, where his father, Preston Anderson, settled in 1866. The latter was a native of Greene County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood and married Eliza Jones. He emigrated with his family to Iowa, settling near Polk City, Polk County. The father bought the farm, now owned by his son, of Frank .Robinson, who had made a few improvements, but the most of the im- provements have been made by Mr. Anderson, who died June 22, 1885. His wife is still living. They were the parents of three chil- dren — William, who lives in Muscatine County; Julia, wife of Caleb Head, and Ben. The latter was born in Greene County, Iowa, married Isadore Humphrey, and they have one child — Robert L. »«- "| » 3 i' ! » |" ^>°' &R. JAMES C. LOYEJOY resides on section 17, Washington Township, where Old Rippey formerly stood. He was born in Orange County, Vermont, June 24, 1819. His mother, Jemima (Kingsbury) Lovejoy, was born in Orange County, July 10, 1797. She resides alone, at Old Rippey, at the age of ninety years; is stout and well. His parents had eight children, he being the only one living. His father's family emi- grated to Connorsville, Fayette County, Indi- ana, in 1820, thence to La Fayette, Tippeca- noe County, in 1829, living there and in the vicinity for twenty years, his father dying on a farm, eight miles from La Fayette, in 1838. Our subject was educated at Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana. He taught school between the ages of sixteen and twenty-two years, reading medicine in the meantime. He practiced a few years, then graduated at Rush Medical College, of Chi- cago, in February, 1848. He then returned to Indiana and practiced in Warren and White counties until 1854, the ncame to Des Moines, this State, where he carried on the mercantile trade in connection with his prac- tice. In 1859 he came to this county, and settled at Old Rippey, where he has prac- ticed ever since. He established a store at Old Rippey in 1859, and closed it out in 1872. He was married July 4, 1847, to Miss Eme- line Bunnell, daughter of Isaac Bunnell, now deceased. The doctor and Mrs. Lovejoy have had twelve children, nine of whom are living — Arthur O, Walter, Halsey E., Owen, Al- bert, James, Frederick, Victor and Lillie E. Dr. Lovejoy is one of the oldest Odd Fellows in Greene County, having been a member of that order nearly forty years. He was post- master from 1859 until 1872, at Rippey; has also served as county supervisor and one term as county superintendent of schools and icounty coroner. He has been secretary of the school board for a number of years. In religion, he is liberal, and believes in the 'Golden Rule. In polities a Republican with a big R., believing in the final restoration and eternal salvation of every mother's son, who have or who in the near future embraces that political faith. "■jMf" ILARENCE L. JEFFRIES, ornamental and sign painter, at Grand Junction, was born in Jones County, Iowa, Feb- ruary 29, 1856. His father, Martin Jeffries, was a native of Columbus, Ohio, and a son >«mii~.» l ««.»*»»»/»» f the society of Good Templars. K fRANCIS M. FRANKLIN is the lead- ing furniture dealer of Jefferson, his business being located on the northeast side of the square. He engaged in his pres- ent business June 28, 1875, succeeding Henry Bowman. It was the first establish- ment of the kind in Jefferson. He has both a jobbing and a wholesale trade. Mr. Frank- lin is a son of one of the pioneers of Greene County. His father, William A. Franklin, settled on section 13, in what is now Frank- lin Township, in 1855. He was the third settler in the township, which was named in. honor of himself. He was a native of North Carolina, and when a boy removed with his parents to South Carolina, thence to the State of Indiana, where he married Margaret Brown. Soon after his marriage, about 1844, he removed to Muscatine County, this State, where he entered several hundred acres of land, and resided there until he came to Greene County, April 28, 1855. Mr. and Mrs. William A. Franklin had eight children, three of whom died young. Mrs. Serilda Robinson died, leaving a family. The sur- viving children are — James B., a farmer of Franklin Township; Willliam L.,who resides on the homestead where the mother still lives; Francis M. and Sarah V. The latter is the wife of F. L. Robertson and lives in Oregon. Our subject was born in Muscatine, Iowa, 1846. He married Anise Scott, a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Scott, who was born in Indiana, where her father died. Her mother, with two sons and four daugh- ters, came to Iowa when Mrs. Franklin was a child. The eldest . daughter, Nancey, was killed by the kick of a horse while the family were en route to Iowa. Mrs. Franklin is the only child left in Greene County. Mr. and Mrs. Franklin have two sons — William 1. and Vincent V. Eddie W. died in infancy. Mr. Franklin's parents were very highly es- teemed in their community, and though the father long since passed away, the remem- brance of him still survives. His aged wife is still left, a worthy representative of that grand old pioneer element that is fast pass- ing away. lint nl\ ir^* *^ - . J±* . i pl tZELLER, farmer, section 31, Franklin Township, is one of the pioneers of ° Greene County, having been identified with its interests since 1872. He was born in Montgomery County, New York, Novem- ber 13, 1835, son of Nicholas Zeller. He was the fifth of seven children, and when six months of age his parents removed to St. Lawrence County, where they lived nine years, then removed to Jefferson County, where our subject resided until 1854. He was reared on a farm and received his educa- tion in his native State. In 1854 he removed to Racine County, Wisconsin, where he re- sided until 1861, then returned to New York. He was married April 17, 1867, to Miss BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 325 Fidelia Lathrop, of Theresa, Jefferson County, New York, daughter of Carlos and Tamer- son (Kilbourrr) Lathrop, who were the parents of three children, Mrs. Zeller being the youngest. Mr. and Mrs. Zeller resided in Jefferson County until 1872, when he came to this county and located upon his present farm, which was then in a wild state. He first bought 160 acres, and has since added to that amount until he now has 480 acres of excellent land. He has a very pleasant home, surrounded with shade trees, a commodious barn for stock and grain, a fine orchard, and a native grove of six acres. His farm is one of the best in the township. Mr. Zeller is a staunch Republican, and has served as trustee four terms, and justice of the peace two terms, in a very satisfactory manner. Mr. and Mrs. Zeller have two sons — Willard and "Wilbur, twins, born February 20, 1871. Both parents are members of the Methodist Epis- copal church, and are exemplary citizens, always taking an active interest in all that pertains to education and religion. - -M. .. . iL . .. 3« if ^ "A .. «-- jjILLIAM E. GEOVES, residing on section 14, Highland Township, where he is engaged in farming and stock-raising, is a native of England, the date of his birth being September 30, 1845. In 1850 he was brought to America by his par- ents, Samuel and Eebecca Groves, they settling in Dane County, "Wisconsin. The mother died while a resident of "Wisconsin, in the year 1870, and about the year 1882 the father came to Greene County, where his death occurred a year later. William E. Groves, the subject of this sketch, passed his youth in Dane County, "Wisconsin. He was married May 29, 1876, to Miss Marion Tow- ers, who was born in Wisconsin, June 29, 1861, a daughter of James and Margaret Towers. Her parents are natives of Scot- land, and are now living on section 14, High- land Township, Greene County. Mr. and Mrs. Groves are the parents of four children — Eansom W.,born February 3, 1878; Daisy E., born September 6, 1880; Maggie May, born September 15, 1882, and Susan D., born December 11, 1884. Mr. Groves came to Greene County a poor man, but being in- dustrious he has by his persevering energy met with success, and is now the owner of a good farm well stocked. He is in his po- litical views an ardent Eepublican, having affiliated with that party for many years. He has been trustee of Highland Township eight years, and has also served as school director. PostofEce, Churdan. ■:*-*&> fAMES H. TALLMAN, farmer, section 20, Paton Township, was born at Canal Winchester, Ohio. His father, John Tallman, of Jones County, Iowa, came west in the fall of 1845, all the way by wagon, and settled on Government land, which was then in its wild state, where our subject was reared on a farm and received an elementary education in the common school. During the late war he enlisted in Company E, Thirty-first Iowa Infantry, for three years. He participated in the battles of Chickasaw Bayou, Arkansas Post, Vicksburg, second battle at Jackson, Canton, Cherokee Station, Tuscumbia, Lookout Mountain, Mission Eidge, Ringgold, Eesaca, Dallas, Big and Little Kenesaw, Atlanta, capture of Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Savannah, Con- garee Creek, Columbia and Bentonville. After the war he attended school at Mt. Ver- non, Iowa, and taught school for three years. December 31, 1868, he was married to Landora J. Eistine, daughter of John Eis- tine, now deceased. Their children are — Wilbur M., Gertie P. and James, O. Mr. Tallman came to this county in the spring of 1874. He owns 110 acres of good land, and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. In the spring of 1868 he went to Denver, Colo- rado, and taught school near there for a time, then traveled among the mines in the mount- ains, returning in the fall of that same year. He was one of the prime movers in having the political township of Paton set off, and was appointed by the county officers to call the first election in the township. The original portion of Paton village is situated on his land. He served as township trustee two years. He was not wounded during his service in the army, except receiving a small scratch on the thumb by a rifle ball. He had the measles and afterward was very sick, with but little hope of recovery. His iron will carried him through. '-3++S- ffAMES PAEKEE, farmer, section 12, , "Willow Township, P. O. Scranton, is one of the enterprising citizens of the town- ship. He was born in Lincolnshire, England, nine miles from the city of Lincoln, that is noted for having one of the largest bells in Europe. He was born October 4, 1829, and was a son of "William and Martha (Bernard) Parker, who were the parents of ten children, James being the seventh son. His youth was passed in both town and country, and his first manual labor was at farm work. The only education he received was by study at home. He has a good practical education, and is well posted in matters pertaining to business. In 1852 he emigrated to Canada, and was there united in marriage, April 2, 1855, with Miss Phoebe Ann Hern, who was born in Barn- stable, Devonshire, England, January 28, 1838, daughter of John and Phoebe (Bowers) Hern. In March, 1865, Mr. and Mrs. Parker removed to Marshall County, Illinois, where they lived three years, then removed to Peoria County where they resided about eight years. In the 6pring of 1876 they came to Greene County, this State, and settled upon their present farm, which was then wild land, and was one of the first improved farms in the neighborhood. He has a comfortable residence, good barn and buildings for grain and stock, and an orchard of his own planting. Mr. and Mrs. Parker are the parents of two sons — Alfred, who reside on section 1, "Willow Township, and is a promising young farmer; and George H., who resides at Council Bluffs, Iowa. Politi- cally Mr. Parker is an Independent. He was for many years a zealous and active member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and has always been interested in educational and religious matters. He is one of Willow Township's most worthy citizens. E. JOHN B. HALL, veterinary surgeon, also farmer and stock raiser, section 10, Washington Township, was born in Eockingham County, Virginia, March 13, 1848. His father, John Hall, was a native of the same county, and in 1853 brought his family to Cass County, Illinois, and to this county in 1859. He lived here until the fall of 1883, and died aged eighty-nine years. They settled here when the country was wild and infested with wolves. Their trading and milling were done at Des Moines. Our sub- ject was raised on the homestead on section 29, in the north part of "Washington Town-, ship, and educated in the common schools. He commenced the study of veterinary sur- ^""""T^"""T!!r^^!!!r^!^ ■»— «»«"«i° ^■■^^■■■■■■■g'gggggg 327 gery when seventeen years of age, and has been practicing for the past eleven years. He has had several very complicated cases, and is becoming noted for his skill in surgical work. His practice comprises an area of twenty miles. In 1886 he lost less than nine per cent, of his cases. His success is due to his close attention to all cases in their acute form. He settled upon his present farm in March, 1876, where he owns eighty acres of good land. He was married November 28, 1869, to Minerva A. Smith, daughter of Thomas J. Smith, deceased, who came from Piatt County, Illinois, to Dallas County, Iowa, in 1853, and to this county in 1858. Mr. and Mrs. Hall have six children — Ada A., Ida I., John T. W., Charles M., Frank and Winnifred M. Mr. and Mrs. Hall are worthy and consistent members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church. |ALEB RUsSELL, farmer, section 23, Paton Township, was born in Caledonia County, Vermont, April 9, 1822, son of David Russell, deceased. He was reared a farmer,, and received a limited education in the subscription schools, three miles distant. His parents were poor, and he had to work very hard. In the fall of 1834 they emi- grated to La Porte County, Indiana; thence to De Kalb County, Illinois, the following spring. In the spring of 1849 he went to California, starting May 14, and reaching Placerville September 10. He went the overland route, driving an ox team all the way. His wife and three children accom- panied him. He remained there two years, working in the gold mines. He returned to Illinois, then removed to Cedar County, Iowa, where he followed farming until 1874, then came to this county and settled on his present home, where he owns 240 acres of land. He was married in September, 1842, to Orendoro Corey, daughter of Samuel Corey. Seven of their nine children are living — Nelson S., Normand, Orendoro M., Mariette, Elizabeth, Jasper and Jennie. Mrs. Russell died May 6, 1883. Mr. Russell was again married May 10, 1885, to Mrs. Ann Pike, who had nine children by a former marriage — Hattie, Philena, Alvira, Lucy, John, James, Elnora and Isolia. Betsey J. died in her thirty- fourth year. Mr. Russell is a member of the Baptist church. -*-»5-« kARLAN N. LIVERMORE, an active and energetic agriculturist of Dawson Township, engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 32, was born in the State of Vermont July 26, 1850, the only son of N. and Mary (Chapin) Livermore, who were natives of the same State. His mother died in his infancy, and in 1852 his father married Sarah F. Thayer, and to them were born one son and three daughters. His father being a farmer, he was reared to the same avocation. In 1855 he was taken by his parents to Waupaca County, Wisconsin, and there he grew to manhood, remaining there till 1873. He received a fair education in his youth, and subsequently engaged in teaching school for a short time. He was united in marriage September 23, 1872, to Miss Julia E. Dunham, a native of Maine, born June 17, 1849, a daughter of John and Ternpa Dunham, who were also born in the State of Maine. In 1873 Mr. Livermore opened a railroad restaurant at Amherst Junction, Wisconsin, which he carried on till 1879, when his buildings were destroyed by fire. Shortly after he came to Greene County, Iowa, settling in Dawson Township, where ^r^**"™"^"""'""""' - »»»»»»« ■.■■■■.■■■.■■■.■.■■■.■.■.■.■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■.■■ -■.■.■. ■.■.■^ HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. in 1882 he erected his present fine residence and other farm buildings to correspond. In connection with his general farming he is engaged in raising thoroughbred short-horn cattle, Poland-China and Duroc-Jersey hogs, mammoth bronze turkeys and Plymouth Bock and Wyandotte chickens, all stock of the purest and best strains. Mr. Livermore is a member in good standing of the Masonic Lodge at Paton, and also of the Odd Fellows Lodge at Jefferson, Iowa. Politically he is a staunch Republican. Postoffice Jefferson, Iowa. » 3u£ « |EORGE A. HUFFMAN, foreman of Grand Junction Headlight, and assistant postmaster, was born in Medina, Medina County, Ohio, April 17, 1861. His father, Jacob F. Huffman, of Ithaca, Michigan, is a native of Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and removed to Michigan in 1867, and engaged in contracting and building, a business he still follows. His mother, Lydia (Vaughn) Huffman, died in 1867. He was educated in the schools of Ithaca, and in 1876 entered the Gratiot County Journal office as com- positor, having worked in that capacity morn- ings, evenings and Saturdays while in school. He remained in that office until the fall of 1880, then went to "Wellington, Kansas, and entered the office of the Sumner County De?nocrat as compositor. Three months later the name was changed to the Welling- tonian, and Mr. Huffman was made solicitor. He remained three months longer, then took a trip through Missouri, Arkansas, Missis- sippi, Indian Territory and Texas, then back to Kansas and Nebraska, through Iowa and back to Michigan. In October, 1882, he entered the Jo umal office again as compositor, and soon was promoted to foreman, which position he held until April, 1884, when he went to Duluth, Minnesota, and worked on the morning Daily Tribune. He remained there two months, then went to Port Arthur, Canada, working three months on the Daily Sentinel; thence back to Duluth; thence on an excursion to Glendive, Montana Territory, stopping at the principal towns along the route. Returning to St. Paul he started for Omaha. Being delayed two hours at Grand Junction he entered the Headlight office, found the editor sick, and accepted the situa- tion of foreman of the office. This was October 1, 1884, and Mr. Huffman still re- mains in the Headlight office. When the editor, S. C. Maynard, was appointed post- master he was made assistant, and still holds that position. He is a member of the society of Odd Fellows, and of the Printer's Union at East Saginaw, Michigan. He was married December 16, 1886, to Miss Lettie G. Miller, daughter of Philo W. Miller, of Grand Junc- tion. r"*-#* HARLEY C. METZGER, proprietor of [r„, the meat market at Grand Junction, was born in Baden, Germany, Novem- ber 1, 1836. His father, Jacob Metzger, also a native of Germany, came to the United States January 7, 1855, and lived two years in Crawford County, Ohio. In the fall of 1856 the family came to Cedar County, Iowa, where our subject lived until 1870, then came to Grand Junction and engaged in his present business. He is the pioneer butcher of Greene County. He was married Novem- ber 19, 1872, to Miss Carrie J. Richter, daughter of Charles Richter, of this place. They have six children — William F., Charley E., Sarah T., Frank E., Theresa M. and Guy A. Mr. Metzger served as township trustee ■l«"M''ll''lll"«»M »«»''S'*M"«"B*B"M"«"«"l T^WFWsffl ,r~ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 331 \ six years, and has also been a member of the town council. He belongs to the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and himself and wife are members of the Presbyterian church. " *^" t §""^ t i'"S*'"^°' fOHN P. GULICK, farmer, Grand Junc- tion, was born in Northumberland Coun- ty, Pennsylvania, September 18, 1810, son of Abram Gulick, born in Sussex County, New Jersey, who was a soldier in the. war of 1812, and now deceased. He was. reared on a farm, and educated in the subscription school, in a small frame house covered with slabs, slab benches, and a board fastened to the wall for a desk; a huge fire-place in one end, a lQng window on one side, two rows of lights, and a four-light window for the teacher. In 1843 he removed to Three Rivers, Michi- gan, being in search of a fair young damsel whom he had met in Pennsylvania. He traveled through Illinois to Iowa, and back to White Pigeon, Michigan, and found her in the person of Mary D. Kownover, whom he married October 29, 1844. She was a daugh- ter of Richard L. Kownover, of New Jersey, and was born in Northumberland County, Pennsylvania. July 4, 1844, our subject drove a reaper and thresher combined, on prairie round, drawn by fourteen horses. The machine had on it a liberty pole, bearing the names of "Polk and Dallas." That day they cut and sacked twenty-eight acres of wheat with that machine. Mr. and Mrs. Gulick have had eight children, six of whom are living— William B., Emma J., Charley M., Kate, Margaret M. and Addie L. They have an adopted child— Maude. In 1846 they returned to Luzerne County, Pennsylva- nia, thence to Northumberland County, Vir- ginia, in 1852, and returned to Pennsylvania in 1862. They spent about four years in 26 Washington, D. C, Mr. Gulick being in the employ of the United States four years. He was Captain of a squad of the Sixteenth New York, under Colonel Nickelson, sent by Gen- eral Auger to capture Booth, the assassinator of Lincoln. He rendered valuable service to the Government during the war; being a sailor, he gave information which led to the capture of many rebel vessels. In 1866 he removed to St. Joseph County, Indiana, thence to this county in 1873, where he has since lived. 'He conducted the Ashley House over three years. He belongs to the Masonic and Odd Fellows societies, and is a member of the Presbyterian church. The family are Baptists.- ILLIAM G. CROWDER, farmer, section 4, Paton Township, was born in Canada, forty miles above Corn- wall, November 18, 1841. His father, Paul Crowder, now \a resident of Winnebago County, Illinois, is also a native of Canada, and removed to Illinois in 1852. He came to this county in June, 1876, settling on his present farm the following fall. At the time of his settlement here there were but two or three houses in sight, but twenty-eight were built that season. He has operated or helped to operate a threshing machine every season since he was eighteen years old. He was married January 10, 1860, to Miss Eliza C. Otto, daughter of Peter Otto, now deceased. She is also a native of Canada. Seven of their eight children are living— Frank W., George W., Sherman A. and Sheridan H. (twins), Louisa A., Fannie M. and Ralph D. Ross F. died in his third year. Mr. Crowder owns 120 acres of land, and devotes his time to farming and stock-raising, giving consider- able attention to graded stock. He has held 332 HI8T0BY OF GREENE COUNTY a few local offices, is a member of the Odd Fellows order, the Good Templars, and be- longs to the Methodist church. His son Sheridan is a prominent teacher in this county. Fannie is also a teacher. In April, 1882, a cyclone tore his house to pieces, de- stroying nearly all its contents. There were five persons in the house at the time, but no one was seriously injured. Sheridan was the only one that could extricate himself, and he assisted the others. The loss was about $600. » i t i; i H||!HILLIAM RENNER, section 2, Junc- wfflfl t ' on township, was born in Baden, {-TDpsfJ Germany, June 28, 1829, a son of Casper Renner. In 1848 he accompanied his father to the United States, and lived nearly two years in Rochester, New York, and from there' removed to Racine, Wisconsin, where they lived two years. In 1852 they w.ent to Walworth County, where the father still lives. In 1855 our subject went to Jefferson County, Wisconsin, where he lived until 1875, when he came to Iowa, and settled on the farm in Greene County, where he still lives. Mr. Renner was married November 22, 1854, to Jane Rickemann, daughter of Charles L. Rickemann. They have four children — Sarah J., George W., William H. and Charles L. Mr. Renner owns a fine farm of 300 acres, making a specialty of stock-raising. He and his wife are members of the Evangelical Association. jEV. JOSEPH MANNING, of Jefferson, k has resided in that city since October, 1866. He laid out an addition to the northeast part of the town, which bears his name. He is a minister of the Methodist Episcopal church, and one of the pioneers of this part of the State. He was born in Abing- ton, Wayne County, Indiana, April 7, 1824, where he was reared to manhood. His father, Thomas Manning, was a native of Pennsyl- vania, and one of the early settlers of Wayne County, Indiana, where he lived until his de- cease. Mr. Manning entered the itineracy of the United Brethren church when only twenty years of age, his field of labor being in the White River Conference. Later, he was transferred to the Wabash Conference, where he remained five years, thence to the Iowa Conference, his field of labor being in the eastern part of the State. He traveled five years in the Iowa Conference, in the in- terests of the Western College, and two years as presiding elder and one year as station preacher at Lisbon. When he came to Jef- ferson there was no United Brethren society in the place, and he decided to unite with the Methodists. In the fall of 1868 he joined the conference at Council Bluffs and engaged in itinerant work of the Methodist church. He organized a church at Carroll in 1869, and at Glidden the same year. In 1870 he or- ganized the first Methodist Episcopal church at Grand Junction. This is but a small por- tion of the work accomplished by Mr. Man- ning; he has devoted time and energies to ministerial work for many years. He was married in 1846, in Preble County, Ohio, to Miss Jane Bonebrake, of that county, born in 1828. Her father, George Bonebrake, was a minister of the United Brethren church. He came to Iowa from Indiana, and many years later went to Topeka, Kansas, where he died in 1865. The mother, Eliza (Adams) Bone- brake, died in Indiana before her husband came to this State. Mr. and Mrs. Manning have four children. The eldest son, Orlando H, is a man of much distinction. He ob- tained his education at Western and Cornell BIOGRAPHICAL a KETCHES. 333 Colleges, Iowa; studied law with Head & Russell, at Jefferson ; later, located at Carroll, where he practiced law until the fall of 1881, when he removed to Council Bluffs, and later settled in Topeka, Kansas. He served two terms in the Iowa Legislature, from Car- roll and Greene Counties; was elected Lieu- tenant-Governor of Iowa in 1881, and re- elected in 1883. He is at present attorney for the Central National Bank, of Topeka, and also for the Loan Investment Company; he is a man of marked ability. Their second child, Jennie, is the wife of Alfred A. Kear- ney, of Stanton, Nebraska, an attorney of that place. Their third child, George B., is with his brother in Topeka; and May L. is en- gaged in teaching. Mr. Manning has spent the best portion of his life in the ministry, and has been an advocate of all principles tending to the advancement of religion and the moral interests of mankind. » 3 l l £ « fONATHAN HUTCHINSON, deceased, late of Washington Township, was born near Trenton, New Jersey, in 1815. He came to this county in 1853, settling in Washington Township, and was among the first settlers in the township. The country was then in its primitive condition, and abounded in deer, elk, wolves, wildcats, and other wild animals. Mr. Hutchinson was a skillful hunter and killed great quantities of wild game. He suffered all the hardships and privations of pioneer life, but was brave and persevering amid all his trials. He was married in December, 1839, to Miss Dorothy Burgess, a daughter of Jacob Burgess, and to this union were born five children, only three of whom are living — Barzilla B., Joseph W. and Sabra J. Two sons, Smith and Madison N., lost their lives while lighting in defense of the Union. Mr. Hutchinson died in 1861. He was a man that was greatly respected by all that knew him, and his death cast a gloom over the whole community. He was a kind and affectionate husband, a tender parent and an obliging neighbor. In his death the county lost a valuable citizen. «o» a n » ^ I g * On jOLAND ROBERTS, proprietor of the Washington street livery stable, at Jef- ferson, has been a resident of Greene County since 1870, at which time he set- tled on a farm in Grant Township. He im- proved this farm, and sold it to D. P. Root, who formerly owned the livery stable. The *w e '?i'°ig'"w**a°ta r - g a' E ii—M M 'M g '« l VlmJBamOmiWMm ■»■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ BBSS 338 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. i ' i firm was at one time Eoot & Eoberts, being established as such in 1879. This firm was succeeded by Eoberts & Williams, Mr. Eoberts becoming sole proprietor in 1883. He is a native of Wales, born in 1840, and came to this country with his parents when six years of age. His father, J. H. Eoberts, settled near Mazomanie, Dane County, Wis- consin, and died when Eoland was eleven years old. Our subject was reared in Dane County, and married Miss C. M. Ballard. They, have three children — Hugh B., Bessie C. and Gertie. The two oldest were born in Wisconsin. The parents of Mr. Eoberts had ten children, five of whom are living — three sons and two daughters. Mr. Eoberts is a successful business man, and receives the libera] patronage of the traveling public. «»-»«§*§«£*§»*-••'—— OBEET GOODWIN, of the firm of Dale | & Goodwin, proprietors of the Grand ^S^| Junction pipe and tile works, was born near Lith, Scotland, February 23, 1847, son of Eobert Goodwin, now deceased. He was educated in the public schools of his native place. He came to America in May, 1865, and lived five years in Mercer County, Penn- sylvania, spending a portion of that time in the oil regions, and also mining coal and prospecting generally. He came to Trum- bull County, Ohio, in 1870, and worked in the mines most of the time until 1877, then came to Grand Junction and engaged in farm- ing until 1882, when he helped to build the present manufactories. He still manages a farm of 200 acres. The factory is large, run by a forty-five horse-power steam engine, with a capacity from one to two cars of tile or brick every day. They use the Tracer crusher, also own and operate a coal shaft in connec- tion with the factory, all run by the same en- gine. They mine their own coal and sell to local trade, using the clay from under the coal vein to make tile and brick. They do an extensive business, and it is constantly in- creasing. Mr. Goodwin was married Decem- ber 25, 1868, to Margaret Maxwell, daughter of Thomas Maxwell, deceased. She is a na- tive of Scotland. Mr. and Mrs. Goodwin are the parents of seven children — Thomas, Eob- ert, William J., Daniel, Mary, Maggie and Katie; all are at home. Mr. and Mrs. Good- win are members of the Presbyterian church. -M*VHI*3*4jHP~■* -' ■ ■■■■■■^- ■ -■■■■■-■■■-■■■^■■■^■■ ■■■X»I^ai.B J »■»■■«■■■■ ; BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 341 Second Iowa Cavalry, and served until Sep- tember, 1865. He participated in both battles of Corinth, Iuka, Holly Springs, Memphis, Colliersville, Coffinsville, Water Valley, Tupelo, Franklin, Nashville, Eastport, and several others. He enlisted as a private and was discharged as a Sergeant. He came to Greene County in March, 1869, settling in Junction Township, which has since been his home. He has held the office of school director, road commissioner, and is at present serving as township trustee. He was married September 22, 1861, to Mary Reese, daughter of Conrad Eeese, deceased, born in the Mohawk Valley, New York. They have two children — Charles O. and Carrie E. Mr. Ford is a member of the G. A. R., and he and his wife are members of the Baptist church. fRANK M. FERGUSON, farmer, section 29, Paton Township, was born in Ken- dall County, Illinois, September 8, 1839, son of Elijah and Lucinda (Sutton) Ferguson, both of whom are deceased. When he was fifteen years old his parents removed to Cedar County, Iowa. He came to this county in the fall of 1870, lived one year in Grand Junction, and worked at farming on Herron's place. The next eight years he was engaged in farming three miles north of Grand Junc- tion, and came to his present home in August, 1880, where he has since resided, and where he owns 110 acres of land. He was married September 1, 1861, to Mary F. Weeks, daugh- ter of Gilbert Weeks, of Paton Township. Of their eight children, only six are living — Charles D., Edwin J., Frank L., Minnie M., James A. and Myrtle A. Mr. Ferguson held the office of road supervisor several years, and was also school director in Junction Township. He and his wife and Charles and Minnie are members of the Presbyterian church at Dana. ■ m»i|»3 ii ;«|i» >^. fB. WILLIAMSON, farmer, section 32, Kendrick Township, postoffice Scran- Q ton, was born in Jones County, Iowa, July 17, 1846, son of John and Sarah (Boyd) Williamson, the former a native of Ireland, and the latter of Pennsylvania. They were the parents of nine children, J. B. being the sixth child. He was reared a farmer, and received his education in the common schools. January 2, 1877, he was married to Miss Josie Clark, who was a native of Pennsyl- vania, and a daughter of William Clark. She died June 22, 1881, leaving two children — Miranda E. and Herbert H. Mr. Williamson came to Greene County in 1871, and pur- chased 120 acres of wild land, which, he has since improved and cultivated. He has a good residence, good farm buildings and a fine orchard. September 12, 1883, he was married to Mary S. Anderson. "-5*-»f* §EVI STOCKWELL, general farmer and stock-breeder, residing on section 5, Hardin Township, was born in Hadley, Massachusetts, January 20, 1826, a son of Daniel and Mary (Gale) Stockwell, who were natives of the same State. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer which he followed in the summer, and during the winter seasons worked in his father's broom factory. On attaining the age of twenty-one years he commenced farming for himself, raising broom corn the first season, which he made into brooms in the winter, and for his season's work he realized $400 clear profit. He >«H./fe J.*,/- <*<•*» . /-%. <««. *■«■» /•-«&.*'»* ^./fl*,/.-**./--* < m * * f «» *-% i^/*, *-i HISTOBY OF GREENE COUNTY. made on an average fifty brooms a day. April 15, 1851, he was united in marriage to Miss Lydia Judd, who was born in South Hadley, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, a daugh- ter of Simeon and Lydia (Day) Judd, the father a son of Thomas Judd of South Had- ley, and the mother a daughter of Eli Day of Northampton. The mother of Mrs. Stockwell died July 1, 1852, and her father May 3, 1869. They had a family of three children — Alethea Day, born September 30, 1823, wife of Elam Hitchcock, died February 13, 1855 ; Andrew Thomas was born February 9, 1826, married Sarah H. Day, June 26, 1857, and has three children; Lydia, born July 24, 1828, is the wife of Levi Stockwell, and to this union have been born three children — Mary A., born in Tipton, Cedar County, Iowa, July 8, 1862, is assistant principal of the Jefferson high school, where she has taught successfully for three y^ars; Harriet B., also born in Tipton, January 16, 1864, is living at home, and William Judd, born in Tipton, October 2, 1867. Mr. Stockwell left Massa- chusetts in 1851 after disposing of his farm, when he located at East Windsor, Connects cut. He was engaged in the mercantile business in Hadley, Massachusetts, when on account of ill health his physician advised him to come West. He came to Iowa in 1857 and located in Cedar County, where he resided till 1870, when he located on his present farm in Hardin Township, where he has 320 acres of well cultivated land, and is now numbered among Greene County's best farmers. His farm is one of the finest in the county, a good and substantial residence, and commodions farm buildings for his stock. He devotes considerable attention to stock- raising, and takes much pride in his fine herd. In his political views he is a firm Republican. He is at present serving as county supervisor, which office he fills with honor to himself and to the best interests of his county. Both he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church at Jefferson. fOHN McKAY, superintendent of the Standard and Keystone mines at Angus and Surry, was born in the north of Scotland, January 13, 1843, a son of Walter McKay, who was born in the same country. When our subject was a small boy he was taken by his parents to Lanarkshire, Scot- land, and when but eight years old began working in the mines, and has spent his life since then in or around mines. His first work in the mines was called trapping, that is opening and shutting the doors at the entries to keep the air in its proper channels. He was united in marriage January 2, 1864, to Miss Mary Gold, and to them have been born eight children, of whom only four are living — Katie, Mary, John and Andrew. Mr. McKay came to the United States in 1864, and was engaged in mining coal in Trumbull and Mahoning counties, Ohio, until 1872. He then came to Fort Dodge, Iowa, where he mined coal for J. F. Duncombe about one and a half years. He then began prospect- ing for coal for Duncombe and others in the neighborhood of the present site of Angus and Surry, being thus engaged two years, and was pit boss in the Duncombe, now known as Climax No. 1, on section 31 of Union Township, Boone County. This shaft was sunk in 1878, and was the first sunk where the town of Angus now stands. Mr. McKay was also pit boss at No. 2 Climax shaft during its sinking. In 1881 he went to Webster County, Iowa, and took charge of the Little Standard mine for the Minneapolis & St. Louis Railway Company, which position he filled from January, 1881, until February, 1882. He then took charge of the Standard mines of Angus, and in June, 1885, took charge of the Keystone mines at Surrey, and is now superintendent of both. Mr. McKay is a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders. . •0*-!I>*§-II1-3H£ burg, Brooke County, West Virginia, (the center of the Pan Handle) May 3, 1841. His father, John Bradshaw, was a native of Lancashire, England, and came to Philadel- phia in 1818, where he operated a woolen factory for several years. He then removed to Wellsburg, and was running a woolen factory there at the time of the birth of his son Frank. In 1842 he removed his family to Dayton, La Salle County, Illinois, and run a factory there three years, then removed to Freedom Township, where he died August 28, 1856, from the effects of injuries sus- tained by a railroad train striking his wagon while crossing the track at Ottawa. Mr. Bradshaw's mother was formerly Rebecca J. Dodd. The parents had eight boys and two girls, all living except two boys. Our sub- ject came to this county in the spring of 1876, settling in Dawson Township. He located upon his present farm in 1881, where he owns 160 acres ' of good land, and is en- gaged in general farming, also pays consider- able attention to graded stock. February 21 1867, he was married to Aner E. Smith, daughter of Alfred and Almira Smith, the former being deceased and the latter living in Dawson Township. Eight of their nine children are living — Fannie M., Frank W., Ida A., Emma M., Mary M., Charles W. and Cassie C, twins, and John A. Mr. Brad- shaw enlisted in the late war as a member of Company D, Second Illinois Light Artillery, and served over three years. He was engaged in the battle of Fort Donelson, Fort Henry, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, and several -others. He served as Corporal most of the time. He has held several township offices, justice of the peace, township trustee, and is serving his third year as assessor, having been re- elected without a dissenting vote. He was census taker in 1884. He is a member of Gem Lodge, No. 429, A. F. & A. M., at Paton. Mrs. Bradshaw and her daughter Fannie are members of the Evangelical As- sociation. fAMES TOWERS, engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 14, High- land Township, is a son of Walter and Jane (Watson) Towers, natives of Scotland. James was born in that country May 3, 1839, remaining there till thirteen years of age. He sailed with his parents from Greenock in May, 1852, and landing at New York the following June. His parents settled in Colum- bia County, Wisconsin, where he lived with them till reaching the age of twenty-one years. He then began working by the month on a farm, which he followed until 1870, when he came to Greene County. He was married in the spring of 1862, in Wisconsin, to Margaret Wilson, who was born in Scot- land, July 20, 1840, coming to America with ■■-"■■■■■■■■■■■ ■-■a w ~u-iu-m m i m m m m m m *i a ,M m ,m^mjjm^ '■■—■' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 345 her parents, John and Marion Wilson, in April, 1850. Eight children have been born to this union, their names in order of their birth being as follows — Marion Blanch, John, James R., "Walter, David W., Francis Harvey (died March 18, 1874), Lewis Watson and Margaret Jane. Mr. Towers came to Greene County in limited circumstances. He has experienced many of the hardships and priva- tions incident to life in a new country, but is now comfortably situated in life, having by his own industry and persevering energy acquired his land, his farm being well watered by Hardin Creek. He improved his land from a state of nature, making it one of the finest in Highland Township. He has a com- modious two-story residence, a good barn and other farm buildings, and a maple grove of about three acres. In politics Mr. Towers is a staunch Bepublican. Mrs. Towers is a member of the Baptist church. They are classed among the well-to-do citizens of Highland Township, where they are held in high esteem by all who know them. WILLIAMS, farmer, section 26, Greenbrier Township, was born in i0 Washington County, New York, March 12, 1838, son of Benjamin and Ann (Hopkins) Williams, who were the parents of eleven children. He was reared in his native county, and educated in the common schools. His early life was spent in assisting in the labors of the farm. January 29, 1861, he was married to Miss Elizabeth McMurray, a native of Washington County, New York, and daughter of Bobert and Elizabeth (Mc- Fadden) McMurray. In the spring of 1867 Mr. Williams came to Iowa and settled in Boone County, where he lived four years, then came to Greene County and located in Greenbrier Township. He first bought 160 acres of wild land, and afterward added 160 acres, and now has 320 acres of excellent land, well improved, and in a good state of cultivation. He has a good house, surrounded with shade trees, good buildings for stock and grain, wind power for pumping water for his stock, an orchard, a native grove, and everything to denote the energy and enter- prise of the owner. He usually keeps about 150 head of cattle. Mr. and Mrs Williams have two sons — Chester M., born in Wash- ington County, New York, in 1864, and B. B., born in Boone County in 1870. Mr. Williams is a Bepublican, and has served in nearly all the township offices with credit. -§****!•*— l^dflLLIAM YATES, a resident of Ken- || drick Township, is one of the pio- neers of Greene County, and was born in Stokes County, North Carolina, De- cember 24, 1818, son of William and Martha (Durham) Yates, who reared a family of eight children — Jane, Annie, James, Lettie, Paulina, William, Martha and George. When William was thirteen years of age the family removed to Bush County, Indiana, and were among the early settlers of that county. When he was eighteen years old they removed to Boone County, where William lived about seventeen years. He was united in marriage June 6, 1844, with Miss Louisa Brock, a native of Tennessee, and a daughter of Allen and Sarah (Johnson) Brock, natives of Vir- ginia, who were the parents of ten children — Jahue, Nancy, Lydia, Allen, Sarah, Rhoda, Hiram, Prier, Louisa and Campbell. All were reared to maturity and married before a physician was ever called to the family. Mr. Yates resided in Boone County until the fall of 1854, when he removed to Iowa, trav- HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. S! i ,11 'I! eling with two horse teams. Mr. Yates drove one team, and Mrs. Yates the other one. He first entered eighty acres of Government land, and built a log cabiu 17x17 feet, which served tor kitchen, dining-room, sleeping- room and parlor. Mr. Yates owns 160 acres of farm land, and thirty acres of timber land. The log cabin has been removed, and in its place stands a good one-and-a-half-story resi- dence, built in modern style and well fur- nished. He has a fine orchard, a native grove, and his farm buildings are comfortable and commodious. Mr. and Mrs. Yates have had nine children, four of whom are living — Sarah L., Nancy E., Lydia A. and Clara A. The deceased are — Mary E., Laura E., Martha Jane, Clarinda, and a babe unnamed. Mr. and Mrs. Yates are zealous and worthy mem- bers of the Free Methodist church. |HILIP MEYEE, farmer, section 33, Junction Township, in Grand Junction corporation, was born in Alsace, France, (now Germany), November 26, 1837. His father, Andrew Meyer, of Henry County, Illinois, is a native of the same place. He brought his family to America in the spring of 1839, settling in Lake County, Illinois, where our subject was reared and educated. He came to Boone County, Iowa, in 1875, where he improved a farm and engaged in the grocery trade one and a half years at Qgden, that county. He came to Grand Junction in March, 1882, and clerked one year in Zell- hoefer's hardware store, then began farming. He owns twenty acres of land and twenty town lots in Grand Junction, and 160 acres three miles southeast of the village, which is leased to tenants. Pie was a soldier in the late war, being a member of Company A, One Hundred and Twelfth Illinois Infantry. He was married June 20, 1860, to Sarah Luther, daughter of Peter Luther of Henry County, Illinois. She was born near Chicago, in Lake County, Illinois. They have had three children — Clara J., deceased, Edward P. and Luther G., both at home; the former is twenty-four years old and the later four years old. Mr. and Mrs. Meyer and their son Edward are members of the Evangelical Association. |ATHANIEL G. NOTES, farmer and I stock-raiser, residing on section 12, ^s Hardin Township, is a native of Hamp- shire, England, born May 3, 1849. His parents were also natives of England, sailing from London in 1851, and landing at New York. They first settled in Janesville, Eoek County, Wisconsin, where the father followed his avocation, that of a miller, until 1876. He then immigrated with his family to Greene County, locating on a farm in Hardin Township where he remained until 1882, since which time he has made his home in Jeffer- son. Nathaniel G. Noyes, the subject of this sketch, was but two years old when he was brought by his parents to the United States. He lived with his parents in Wis- consin until eighteen years of age, when he went to Eockton, Illinois, and for three years worked in Hollister & Carlton's grain mill. He then returned to Wisconsin, and three years later came to Greene County, Iowa, when he settled on the farm where he now' resides, his farm containing 120 acres of fine land under good cultivation. Mr. Noyes was united in marriage July 26, 1871, to Anna Harker, a native of LaFayette County, Wisconsin, born October 22, 1851, her parents, Simon and Jane Harker, being natives of England. They are the parents of .B„M«,M„ W .M,M M M. » _ M »M»ll l i a»15»J BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ■■^■■■"■■P 347 one child living, Mark, born June 2, 1876. Since becoming a resident of Hardin Town- ship Mr. Noyes has held several school offices, and is at present treasurer of the school board. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Politically he is a Democrat. Postoffice, Jefferson, Iowa. fDWABD P. FOEBES, deceased, was formerly a resident on section 31, Baton u%-\- Township. He was born in Lime, New Hampshire, July 5, 1836, son of Cyrus P. Forbes, a native of the same county. He was reared a farmer, and received a common school education. He came with his parents to Lee County, Illinois, in 1855, and to La Salle County in 1860. He taught school for a short time. He was married December 2, 1868, to Eleanor J. French, daughter of Ebe- nezer P. French, now deceased. They have three children — Calvin J., Eugene L. and Bruce E., all at home. Mr. Forbes came to this county in March, 1878, and settled in the home where his family now reside. He owned 160 acres of land here, and 160 acres in Calhoun County. He died February 17, 1879. He was a member of the Baptist church, as is also his wife. ►3MS-I ^LANSON C. HAEEIS, farmer, section 30, Paton Township, was born in Gene- - see County, New York, October 12, 1840. His parents, Thomas and Fannie (Woodruff) Harris, were born in Tioga County, New York. They are deceased. Our subject was reared a farmer, and received a common-school education. In 1851 he re- moved with his parents to La Salle County, Illinois. November 9, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Fifty-third Illinois Infantry, and was discharged for disability April 27, 1862. He re-enlisted October 8, 1864, in Company C, Eleventh Illinois Infantry, and was transferred to Company I, Forty-sixth Illinois Infantry, and was discharged October 8, 1865. He was in the battles of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely. He came to Greene County in March, 1878, locating in his present home, which was then in a wild state, and now well improved. Mr. Harris was also a member of Company C, Tenth Illinois Battalion, and before removing was Second Lieutenant of the same. He owns 193 acres of land. He was married August 5, 1868, to Olive G. Forbes, a daughter of Cyrus P. Forbes, deceased. Three of their four children are living — Carlos F., Jessie E. and Nina G. George W. died at the age of two years. Mr. Harris has held the office of township trustee, school director, and is treas- urer of the township of Paton. He belongs to Gem Lodge, No. 429, A. F. & A. M. HAELES H. BASSETT, deceased, late of Grand Junction, was born in New Bedford, Massachusetts, December 24, 1824. He was brought up and educated in his native place. At the age of fifteen years he went to sea, and followed it several years. On his last trip he only lacked the distance from here to his native place of going around the world. He stopped in California several years, was also through Oregon, Washington Territory, Sandwich Islands, etc. It was he who took the first cargo of goods to San Francisco County, early in 1849. He made a long voyage of three years on the whaling ship Milo. He related many interesting in- cidents of this voyage. December 7, 1839, his crew secured five whales, and on the fif- 348 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. teenth of the same month they secured three more. They endured many hardships and had many narrow escapes. He reached Grand Junction in September, 1869. Mr. Bassett died November 14, 1885, after an illness of seven weeks, leaving a wife and eight chil- dren to mourn his loss. § PERRY L. LYON, proprietor of the Rip- ! pey bakery and restaurant, and fancy grocery, was born near Toulon, Stark County, Illinois, September 8, 1856. His father, Laten S., was a native of North ville, New York, who emigrated to Illinois in 1854, and is now deceased. He lived on a farm until nine years old, and the remainder of his youth was spent in Toulon, receiving his education at Knox College, Galesburg, Illi- nois. He taught school eleven years in country and in graded schools. He came to this county in 1880, and taught three years in this township, in one place. He came to Rippey in November, 1885, and engaged in his present business. He was elected justice of the peace November 2, 1886, and has also served as township clerk two years. He was married November 24, 1880, to Flora C. Gilmer, daughter of Calvin A. Gilmer, of Canton, Illinois. They have three children — Laten G., Onslow and Lena. fOHN WILSON, farmer, section 9, Frank- lin Township, was born in Henry County, Iowa, July 29, 1848, son of John and Mary (Thomas) Wilson, natives of Kentucky, who were the parents of ten children, John being the ninth. His youth was spent at farm work and in attending the common schools of Iowa. He was married November 29, 1873, to Miss Evaline Hockett, a native of Henry County, and daughter of Nathan arid Elizabeth (Cook) Hockett. In February, 1873, Mr. Wilson came to Greene County, settling upon his present farm, where he has since resided. It was then in its wild state, but is now one of the best improved farms in the township. It contains 160 acres of rich soil, and he has a comfortable house, and buildings for stock and grain, an orchard, and a native grove of trees. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have four children — John Ralph, Nathan Herbert, Mary Eva and Walter Al- fred. Politically Mr. Wilson is a strong Greenbacker, and a zealous supporter of that platform. He is a member of Greene Lodge, No. 315, I. O. O. F. ■*§*-•£« |AMUEL FREE, farmer, section 26, Washington Township, was born in Pickaway County, Ohio, June 9, 1815. His father, Adam Free, deceased, was a native of Virginia. He was a blacksmith by trade, and also worked at gunsmithing in Harper's Ferry. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and fought the Indians at San- dusky, northwest Ohio. Mr. Free's mother, formerly Sarah Moorhead, was a native of Kentucky. He began to work on a farm at the age of thirteen years, and has always been a farmer since. He came to Vermillion County, Indiana, in 1835, and to Illinois in January, 1846, settling in Carroll County. He came to Boone County, this State, in the spring of 1869, crossing Des Moines River, near Boone, on ice, March 22, and the follow- ing fall, came to Greene County. He was married July 21, 1836, to Catherine Saxton, daughter of George Saxton, deceased. Of their ten children, only three are living — jvtijim aw^m^m^aswsi m^ u ^ m ^u^mmm^m^m^m^ m . jnBmWMJMJJi BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 349 Francis A., Samuel Q., and John T. When they emigrated to Illinois they had to drive a whole day to get from one house to another, and one night they found the lady of the house had gone visiting, thirteen miles away, to her nearest neighbors. Mr. Free has served as justice of the peace two years, and has held other local offices. He owns eighty acres of land near Surry. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church since 1833. His wife is also a member. fOHN C. HAUN, cabinet-maker, and farmer, Grand Junction, was born in Elgin County, Ontario, Canada, March 14, 1839. His father, John Haun, deceased, was born in Bertie, Niagara District, Canada. John C. was reared a farmer, and served an apprenticeship of three years in Fingal, in his native county, at the cabinet-maker's trade, and followed that trade until 1872. He came to this county in 1872, settling in Junction Township, and engaged in farming until February, 1885, when he came to Grand Junction. He owns 160 acres of land besides town property. He was married May 9, 1864, to'Emina G. Mack, daughter of Sebra Mack, deceased. Two of their three children are living — Clarence A. and Lura E. Mr. Haun and his family are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. » 3 > i ; « |EOEGE W. EEESE, farmer, section 3, Junction Township, was born in Oswego County, New York, March 1, 1840, son of Conrad and Persis Eeese. He removed to Ozaukee County, Wisconsin, in 1844, thence to Fulton County, Ohio, in 1852, thence overland to California in 1858, working in the gold mines until 1863, thence through "Washington and Oregon Territories on horse- back to Idaho, where he worked in the mines until 1869. He then returned to Fayette County, Illinois, where he lived until 1876, then came to this county, settling upon his present farm. It was then in its wild state, but it is now in a good state of cultivation. He has 160 acres of land, well fenced, a fine residence, and his farm buildings are com- modious and comfortable. He is engaged in general farming and stock-raising, giving considerable attention to thoroughbred and graded cattle and hogs. December 14, 1870, Mr. Eeese was married to Caroline S. Bonni- uell, daughter of Charles Bonniuell, of Wis- consin. She was born in Ozaukee County, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Eeese are members of the Presbyterian church. "+•>*&*%*+ S -> S + " - * M W. WIGGINS, of the firm of Wiggins Brothers, dealers in general merchan- Q dise, at Cooper, is a native of Stephen- son County, Illinois, born March 10, 1844, son of Levi and Betsey (Morton) Wiggins, who were the parents of seven children, our subject being the third. When lie was ten years of age his parents removed to Green County, Wisconsin. He was reared a farmer and obtained his education in the common schools. In December, 1863, he enlisted in Company K, Sixteenth Wisconsin Infantry. He was engaged in the battles of Kenesaw Mountain, Peach-Tree Creek, and at Atlanta, where he was wounded by a minie-ball in his left hand. He was honorably discharged May 30, 1865, and returned to his home in Wisconsin. In 1869 he was married to Miss Frances Cleveland, and to this union were born two daughters — Edith and Ellen Frances. *S^ii^^mwmM m u m m m ui m m m m]i 330 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. In 1881 he was married to Miss Mary 0. Smith, and they have three children — Elsie, Walter and Ethel. In 1871 Mr. Wiggins removed to Hardin County, this State, where he lived two years, thence to Wright County, living there until 1875, when he came to this county and settled in Franklin Township, on section 20, where he bought sixty acres of wild land. In 1882 he came to Cooper and engaged in the mercantile trade, which he has since continued with good success. He has an extensive trade, and is always ready to serve his customers. Politically, he affiliates with the Republican party. He was post- master at Cooper from 1882 until February, 1886; has also served as justice of the peace for several years. He is a member of Jeffer- son Lodge, No. 315, I. O. O. F. ■ - «o» n4^-a»- £MS" '^ S * < !'-^ ft » fOSEFH JOHNSON, farmer, section 20, Franklin Township, is one of the pio- neers of that township, and was born in Lancashire, England, July 21, 1827, son of James Johnson, who for thirty years was superintendent and tax collector of Preston, England. His mother was Helen (Latus) Johnson, and they were the parents of seven children — Mary Ann, who is deceased; the second child also named Mary Ann; James, who lost his life on the City of Boston when that vessel was blown up; Joseph, Thomas, Francis and William. Joseph early learned the trade of engineer, which he fully under- stands in all its details. In 1854 he came to America and settled in Buffalo, New York. In 1856 he removed to Jo Daviess County, Illinois, where he resided until 1864, then re- moved to Clayton County, Iowa, where he purchased eighty acres of wild land. In 1874 he came to this county and settled upon his present farm, which was then in its wild state. He owns 160 acres of land, which is well-improved, and he now has one of the best farms in the county, with a good house and comfortable buildings for stock and grain; also an orchard and a grove of native trees. He was married at the age of seventeen years, to Miss Ann Hodson, and to this union have been born four children — James, Richard, Francis and Helen. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are zealous members of the Catholic church. >inh Hg||ILLIAM C. BARTH, general mer- wKfl cnan * at Dana, was born in Lewis HJ&H County, New York, May 14, 1853, son of Andrew Barth, of Humboldt County, Iowa, a native of Germany; he came to the United States when quite young. Our sub- ject received a good education in Carthage, Jefferson County, New York, and came to Humboldt County in 1870, where he worked on a farm for five years. He then came to Grand Junction and worked one year for Charles Metzger, of that place. He also at- tended school one year, then worked on the Des Moines & Ft. Dodge Railroad. Later, he was in the employ of Ed. Carlton, the stock-buyer, until 1880, then worked three years in Parmenter's hardware store. In April, 1883, he came to his present home and bought the stock and store-room of E. E. Hutchins. He carries a capital stock of $5,000, consisting of groceries, dry goods, boots and shoes, notions, hardware, glass, queen'sware, in fact, everything usually kept in a first-class store. He does an annual business of $17,000 to $18,000, and it is con- stantly increasing. He also buys grain and deals in coal. He takes all kinds of produce and sells very cheap. This brings him a large patronage from other localities, and en- ables him to compete with Jefferson and i L m m m m m jii m m ,m m M m m m u m m im m m u m m m m B ,m S ^r i .m„w in ,m m ,m m .m. ;g »Bi gi i i »i i »»«« M i»»Mi.tiim M5TOin^^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 351 Grand Junction. He is a wide-awake busi- ness man, and a benefit to the community. He was married May 30, 1880, to Phebe A. Ashmore, daughter of Madison Ashmore, of Iowa County, Wisconsin. She is a telegraph operator by occupation, and worked five years for the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail- road Company, Prairie du Chien division. Mr. Barth began life with nothing, but by hard work, economy and # good management, he has secured a competency. He has filled the office of postmaster for three and a half years. He is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity. jATTHEW RICHARDSON, one of Greene County's prosperous agricult- urists, is a native of England, born in "Westmoreland County, June 24, 1842. In 1846 he sailed from Liverpool with his parents, Joseph and Elizabeth ("Waters) Rich- ardson, landing at New York City, they locating in La Fayette County, "Wisconsin. In 1865 our subject went to Helena, Montana, and began working in the mines, remaining in Montana until 1868. In March, 1870, he was married to Mary Ann Craig, who was born in Stanhope Wardale, Durhamshire, England, February 17, 1849, a daughter of Francis and Jane Craig, natives of England. In the fall of 1870 he and his wife immi- grated to Greene County, Iowa, and have since made their home on section 13, Hardin Township, and here they experienced many of the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life. In their pioneer home their seven children were born, their names being as follows— Joseph F., Elizabeth J., Margaret A., George "W., Charles L. (deceased), Marietta and Matthew T. Mr. Richardson has by hard work and the good management of himself and wife accumulated a good property, being the owner of 160 acres on section 13 and eighty acres on section 14 of Hardin Township, all of which is under a fair state of cultivation. He has a fine orchard on his land, and also a native grove, also good residence and farm buildings. In his political views Mr. Rich- ardson is liberal, voting for men, not party. Joseph Richardson, the father of our subject, was born in Breugh, "Westmoreland County, England, where he was reared and married, and was a brother of George Richardson, of Dubuque, Iowa, a wholesale boot and shoe dealer. After coming to America he settled in "Wisconsin, where he lived till his death. He worked by the day in the lead mines of Wisconsin until he had sufficient money to purchase a farm and team, and in 1849 he moved on the farm he had purchased, located in Benton Township, La Fayette County, Wisconsin, where he followed farming and stock-raising until his death, which occurred November 6, 1874, at the age of fifty-seven years. His death caused universal regret among the early settlers throughout the lead regions, who knew and respected the deceased for his manly worth and energy of character. Being a man of much energy and enterprise, he soon accumulated a competency which in time grew to a fortune. About six or seven years prior to his death he became associated with William Gillette, with whom he operated • a cheese factory some two years. He subse- quently purchased Mr. Gillette's interest and carried on the cheese factory alone till his death. Beside this he owned about 1,000 acres of land, and a large amount of personal property. He was also the owner of a grist- mill on Fern River, known as the Alderson & Passmore mill. He was a good neighbor, and was always ready and willing to give of his means to aid any worthy enterprise. He gave the right of way to the Narrow Gauge 352 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. Railroad, which runs a long distance through his land. He left a widow and thirteen chil- dren to mourn the death of a kind and affectionate husband and father. Mrs. Rich- ardson's father, Francis Craig, was born in Durhamshire, England, November 17, 1821, and in 1850 came to the United States and located at New Diggings, Wisconsin, where he at once engaged in mining, which he has since followed. In 1870 he with others or- ganized the Craig Mining Company. His mining interests have been more exciting than any others in the locality where he lives. He owns 200 acres of valuable land, and the grounds about his house are nicely laid out. He has held the greater part of the town offices, and has been chairman of the town board. He was married in 1849 to Jane Coulthard, who was born in Durhamshire, England, in 1819, and died in 1857, leaving three children — Mary Ann, Joseph and Francis. |EORGE ATCHINSON, farmer and stock-raiser, section 32, Franklin Town- ship, was born in Fulton County, Illi- nois, November 8, 1838, son of Jacob and Mary (Randall) Atchinson, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter of Deer Island. They were the parents of twelve children, of whom George was the tenth. He commenced to learn the carpenter's trade when quite young, and has worked at it the greater part of his life. He was married in 1871 to Elizabeth A. Butler, of Fulton County. In 1876 Mr. Atchinson removed to this county and settled upon his present farm, which he had purchased the year previous. His farm contains 160 acres of excellent land, and it is well cultivated. He has a good residence, comfortable ont-buildings for stock and grain, an orchard, and a natural grove. Mr. and Mrs. Atchinson have four sons — Alonzo, John, Arthur and George. Politically Mr. Atchinson is a Republican, and he has served as constable. He is a worthy member of the Christian church, and is respected by all who know him. fOHN T. COWAN, grain and lumber merchant, and proprietor of the Paton elevator, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Westmoreland County, May 22, }842, a son of Alex. T. Cowan, who was born in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The father removed with his family from Pennsylvania to Linn County, Iowa, in the spring of 1855, and later removed to Tama County, Iowa, where he still resides. John T., the subject of this sketch, was educated in the rude log cabin school-houses of his neighborhood, made with puncheon floor, clapboard roof, and slab seats. He was reared to the avoca- tion of a farmer, working on the farm till he enlisted in the late war in Company K, Eleventh Iowa Infantry. He was in the ser- vice of his country four years and participated in the battles of Pittsburgh Landing, Corinth, siege of Vicksburg, siege of Atlanta, and Averysborough. At the battle of July 22, 1864, at Atlanta, he was wounded in the head by a musket ball. In the fall of 1865 he came to Tama County, Iowa, where he was married to Ann E. Townsend September 19, 1865, his wife dying October 29 of the same year. He went to Black Hawk County, Iowa, in 1867, where he built a house, and began breaking land to cultivate. May 14, 1868, he was married to Miss Carrie Dodd, a daughter of Rev. Luther Dodd now of Fort Dodge, and to this union have been born four children — L. Myrtle, Herbert A., Elmer ^W ^^ ^W.._.M Boaggjgg ^■..■■■■ ■■■■.■■■■■■■-■■.■-■-■-■■■aii i BIOGBAPEIOAL SKETCHES. 353 and Donald. After his marriage with Miss Dodd, Mr. Cowan returned with her to his farm in Black Hawk County, where he resided till 1874. In the fall of that year he went to Linn- County, Iowa, and the following spring moved to Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa, where he clerked one year in the land and abstract office of W. B. Mayes. In the spring of 1876 he came to Paton and engaged in the hardware and lumber business in part- nership with J. W. Hill, under the firm name of Hill & Cowan, Mr. Cowan acting as man- ager. This partnership was dissolved, in December, 1877, when Mr. Cowan began dealing in grain and lumber on his own account, and at the same time he carries on a loan and collecting agency, also an insurance business and notary public, and since coming to Paton most of the conveyancing of the township has been done by him. He served one term as township trustee, and was elected justice of the peace, which office he resigned after filling it for three years. He is an elder in the Presbyterian church, and is a member of the Masonic order. Mrs. Cowan and their two eldest children are members of the same church. '-S*-^ fcSCAR L. HARMON, of the firm of Harmon Bros., blacksmiths, at Rippey, was born in Polk County, Iowa, Sep- tember 17, 1855, son of Lafayette Harmon, of Junction Township, this county. He was reared in Boonesboro, Iowa, where he re- moved with his parents in the fall of 1858, and was educated in his native town. He followed farming, teaming, and other work, until 1878,when he went to learn his trade. He came to Rippey October 28, 1878, where he has since resided. The building of Harmon Bros., is 22 x 66 feet, twelve feet story. The main building is frame lined with brick. Mr. Harmon was married November 15, 1881, to Sarah R. Marsh, daughter of Lambertis Marsh, of Grand Junction. They have three children — Lura, Harry O. and Bertha. Mr. and Mrs. Harmon are members of the Pres- byterian church. Mr. Harmon belongs to the Odd Fellows fraternity. R. OSCAR W. LOWERY, physician and surgeon, of Grand Junction, Greene County, Iowa, was born six miles north of Fort Madison, Lee County, Iowa, April 22, 1845. He is a son of Fredrick B. Lowery, of Burlington, Iowa, who was a native of "Western Virginia. His mother, Catharine (Jolly) Low- ery, was a native of Harrison County, Ohio, and they moved to the wilds of Iowa in 1839, and are both still living, the father in his seventy- second and the mother in her seventieth year. Dr. O. "W. Lowery is one of twelve children, eight boys and four girls, of whom three brothers and three sisters are still living. He was reared on the farm of his birth until 1857, when his father moved into Des Moines County with his family. He ob- tained his early education in the common schools, and on the 29th day of December, 1863, he left the school-room and entered the army, enlisting in Company I, Sixth Iowa Infantry, in which he served until the close of the war. He was in the Second Brigade, Fourth Division, Fifteenth Army Corps, com- manded by General John A. Logan, and was in all the battles with his brigade in the At- lanta campaign and General W. T. Sherman's march to the sea. He was wounded in both shoulders, from the effects of which he has never recovered, at Griswoldville near Macon, Georgia, November 22, 1864, and had to ride to the sea in an ambulance, through Georgia ■ P n.i».g.».».i '■■■"i 354 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. swamps and over corduroy roads. Decem- ber 20, 1864, he reached Beaufort, South Carolina, and was sent to hospital No. 11, where he, in addition to his wound, suffered from gangrene and erysipelas, and came near dying. He recovered sufficiently to re-join his regiment at Raleigh, North Carolina, and marched to Washington, D. C, participating in the grand review in May, 1865, and was dis- charged from the army in July, 1865. His brothers, Austin P. and Oliver H., were in the same company and regiment, having en- listed in 1861. Austin P. was wounded in the head, losing a part of his skull and brain, July 6, 1863, near Yicksburg, Mississippi, and two days after its surrender. Oliver H. was wounded in the leg at the same time and died February 8, 1887, from the injuries re- ceived in the army. After the doctor's dis- charge from the army he attended school at the Denmark, Iowa, Academy, also at Pro- fessor Ebersole's School at Fort Madison, and he spent two years at the Oskaloosa College at Oskaloosa, Iowa. He commenced the study of medicine with Dr. J. P. Gruell, of Oskaloosa, and graduated at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Keokuk, Iowa, in 1873. He attended the practitioners' course at the Chicago Medical College, in 1880, and has practiced his medical profession in Grand Junction since 1870. He is a member of the Central District Medical Association and the State Medical Society. He has built up an extensive and lucrative practice, and is the leading physician of the town and one of the best in . the county. He has been elected to positions of trust, as recorder, treasurer and mayor. In some of his own law cases he has appeared as his own attor- ney, and has not had " a fool for a client." He is a Prohibitionist and a Republican, and has always taken a prominent part in the politics of the county. He was married at Olivet, Iowa, April 8, 1873, to Mi6S Anne E. Ross, who was born in Mahaska County, Iowa, November 2, 1847. She is the daugh- ter of Nimrod Ross, deceased. They have five children — Fred Ross, Cordelia Ingaba, John Russell, Catherine Fox and William Oliver. The doctor is a member of the Christian church, and also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen. f RAN CIS A. FREE, a farmer and stock- raiser, section 27, Washington Town- ship, was born in Parke County, Indi- ana, December 20, 1845, a son of Samuel Free, of this State, and a native of Ohio. He was educated in the common schools and passed his early life at farm work, which occupation he always followed. He was a sol- dier in the late war, being a member of Com - pany I, Ninety-second Illinois Mounted Infantry, and attached to General Kilpatrick's Cavalry Division. He served about twenty months, and participated in nearly all the battles and skirmishes incident to the Geor- gia and North and South Carolina campaigns of 1864 and 1865, prominent among which were Resaca, Atlanta, Jonesboro, Lovejoy Station, Buck-head, and Powder Springs, where we lost heavily in an advanced skir- mish line, where some of our dead fell into the hands of the Confederates. They made a grand raid around Atlanta, while that strong- hold was defended by Joe Johnston and J. B. Hood. Principal among his encounters was Aiken, South Carolina, where the Ninety- second Illinois and the Ninth Ohio Cavalry were completely surrounded by Wade Hamp- ton's and Joe Wheeler's Confederate cavalry, but by having excellent officers and superior repeating rifles, they cut their way through the rebel host. Was this all? No. After BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 355 their escape they reformed in good order and made a second charge and recovered their dead and wounded; also fought at Averys- boro, and Bentonville, then finished their warfare and last battle at Swift Creek, near Raleigh, North Carolina, where the regiment lost severely; also met some of General Lee's men returning to their homes in this his last battle. Then his command moved to Chapel Hill, North Carolina, where was located the State University, and there received the sad intelligence of the assassination of President Lincoln. Mr. Free enlisted a private and was mustered out First Sergeant. He re- turned to Carroll County, Illinois, in 1865, where he had settled in 1846, and came to this State in the spring of 1869, locating in Greene County in the fall of the same year. He was married December 23, 1872, to Mar- gery A. Mclntyre, of Savanna, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Free have six children — Francis A., Hugh S., Samuel P., Alice L., Mary C. and Grace. Mr. Free owns 160 acres of well improved land. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order and of the Grand Arrny of the Republic. He never seeks official distinction. > 3u£ « fjILLIAM A. J. McN AUGHT, one of the pioneers of Greene County, located on section 12, Jackson Town- ship, where he now resides, in 1854. At that time the county had been organized only about one month, and contained only about forty voters. Jackson Township could poll only six votes. At first Mr. McNaught lived in a log cabin, which was long ago replaced by his present comfortable residence. All the improvements on his place have been made by himself. He owns 120 acres of land, well watered by the North Coon River, and it consists of upland, meadow and timber. Mr. McNaught was born in Owen County, Indiana, July 10, 1830, son of John and Jane (McKnight) McNaught. His father was a native- of Ireland, and was brought to Amer- ica by his parents when three years of age. John McNaught served in the war of 1812, and the land-warrant that was granted for his services was used by his son William in locating his present homestead. The parents both died in Indiana. Of their seven chil- dren, our subject was the youngest; only two others are now living— George F. re- sides in McDonough County, Missouri, and Mrs. Margaret J. Abrell lives in Christian County, Illinois. Mr. McNanght's father died when his son was six years of age, and from that time he was reared in Washington County, Indiana, where his mother died in 1850. When he was three years old the parents removed to Vermillion County, Illi- nois, and three years later to Parke County, Indiana. Our subject was married in Owen County, Indiana, January 2, 1852, to Miss Nancy M. Abrell, daughter of L. C. and S. Abrell, who was born in that county October 16, 1830. Mr. and Mrs. McNaught lived in Washington County until the autumn of 1853, then lived one year in Owen County, and finally became pioneers of Greene County, Iowa. During the first few years they en- dured many hardships and privations. They came with no means except the land- warrant, a team, and a few household goods and sup- plies, and $5 that had to be used in locating the land. Habits of industry and economy have enabled them to live, and build for them- selves and children a good home. They gave their children much better educational ad- vantages than they had been able to obtain for themselves. They have had twelve chil- dren, seven of whom are now living — Mrs. Aurelia T. Crocker, a resident of Jackson Township; Mrs. Julia E. Jones, a resident of 356 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. Billings, Montana; Nannie J., Oonnell, Mant, Sarah G. and Minnie Maud are under the parental roof. The deceased are — James B., John L., William A., Mary and Connor. The last named was a twin brother of Connell. In politics Mr. McNaught has always been a Democrat. &ANIEL I. BLANSHAN, one of the progressive farmers of Junction Town- ship, Greene County, was born in Onondaga County, New York, November 29, 1850, a son of Matthew and Sarah Blanshan. His youth was spent in assisting on the farm, his father being a farmer by occupation, and attending the common schools of Sheboygan County, Wisconsin, and Grand Junction, Iowa. He has lived in Junction Township since the fall of 1873, and has always fol- lowed the avocation of a farmer, and by his persevering industry and good management he has acquired his present fine farm on sec- tion 2, which contains 120 acres of choice land. In connection with his general farm- ing he devotes some attention to the raising of stock. Mr. Blanshan is a member of the Odd Fellows order. He was married January 1, 1880, to Ella N. Mack, a daughter of Wil- lard Mack, of Junction Township. They are the parents of four children — Melvin, Sarah, Merton and Laura. Matthew Blanshan, the father of our subject, is a native of New York, born in Ulster County January 19, 1825, his father, Daniel Blanshan, having been born in the same county. He was reared a farmer, and has followed that avo- cation through life. He grew to manhood in Onondaga County, New York, where his parents settled when he was but three months old, and there he was educated in the common schools. He was married January 1, 1850, to Sarah Decker, a daughter of Isaac Decker. Of the six children born to this union, three are living — Daniel I., the subject of this sketch ; James, living in Junction Township, and William, who carries on his father's farm on section 2, of Junction Township. James married Mary Zellhoefer, and has two children — Calista and Victor. William is married to Lena Davenport. Matthew Blan- shan enlisted in the late war September 1, 1864, in Company F, Twenty-seventh Wis- consin Infantry. He took part in the battles of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely,and received his discharge in August, 1865. In 1873 he came with his family to Greene County, Iowa, locating in Grand Junction, where he lived for two years. In November, 1875, he settled on section 2, Junction Township, where he owns forty acres of land, and where he has since made his home. »%H£« ISAAC WILLIAM FEYMIEE, postmas- In ter and justice- of the peace at Rippey, W was born in Cumberland County, Penn- sylvania, November 6, 1851, son of Isaac Frymier, of that place, and a native of Berks County, that State. He was reared in New- ville and Philadelphia, receiving his educa- tion at the latter place. Took a course in Bryant & Stratton's Commercial College in 1868. He was then for four years engaged in bookkeeping in Philadelphia with S. A. J. Coyle & Co., wholesale dealers in wood and willow ware. He came to Carroll County, Illinois, in 1874, and was engaged in farm- ing six years, then came to this place, where he was engaged in farming until the fall of 1885, at which time he was appointed post- master at Bippey. He served as assessor three years, and took the census of the town- ship in 1885. He was married May 26, ■■■■"■' imSimXaSiMU: SeSSaS^HQSeHHH BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 1875, to Christina Mclntyre, daughter of Hugh Mclntyre, of Carroll County, who died in December, 1886, at the advanced age of ninety -five years; his brother, John Mcln- tyre, died at the age of ninety-four years, from the effects of a kick from a horse. Mr. and Mrs. Frymier have two children — Harry E. and Catherine. Mr. Frymier belongs to the Odd Fellows fraternity. |AVID B. JOHN, farmer, section 5, Washington Township, was born in Tyler County, "West Virginia, May 23, 1842, son of David John, of Davis County, Missouri. He was reared on a farm and educated in the subscription schools of pio- neer days. The schools were held in log cabins, benches made of split logs, and a board fastened against the wall for a desk. The roof was made of hand-made shingles, — a great contrast to the large commodious school-houses of the present day. Mr. John came to this county in the fall of 1856, locating in Washington Township on section 9. The country was then in its primitive condition. Not a sod had been turned on the land, but a small log cabin had been built. They went to Des Moines for their milling, also for their mail. He was married May 15, 1864, to Martha J. Smith, daughter of Thomas J. Smith, deceased, a pioneer of Dallas and Greene counties. They have had ten children, nine of whom are living — Hannah E., Daily E., Mary L., William L., Sarepta A., Clara A., Leonard W., Stella E., David S. and Nettie A. Mr. John settled upon his present farm in the spring of 1878, where he owns 160 acres of land. He gives his entire attention to farming and stock- raising. He and his wife, and his eldest daughter, Hannah, are members of the Meth- odist Episcopal church. Hannah is married to Peter Burke, of Washington Township. ' t il t ' H|ILLIAM McDONALD, section 5, Scranton Township, was born near &?S Inverness, Scotland, May 6, 1832, a son of Donald and Mary (McPherson) Mc- Donald. He was reared in the Highlands of Scotland, and there learned the trade of a stone mason. In 1857 he came to the United States, seeking to make for himself a home and procure a competence for his old age, the New World offering better inducements for the poor man than Scotland. He plied his trade in Ashland and other counties in Ohio until 1865, when he came to Greene County, Iowa, and settled on the farm where he now lives, having entered the land several years before. His homestead contains 110 acres of choice land, which he has improved from a state of nature. Since his residence in Greene County, Mr. McDonald has worked at his trade a portion of the time. The habits of industry and economy common to the people of his native country have met with their legitimate reward, and he is now comfortably situated financially. In 1881 he bought 120 acres of land in Kendrick Township, which he has also improved and now has it under good cultivation. He is held in high esteem by his fellow citizens, having gained their favor by an upright, honorable life, and fair, honest dealing. Mr. McDonald's parents died in Scotland, his father aged ninety-five years, and his mother aged seventy. He has one brother, Dawson, who is a large landowner in Hyde County, Dakota. Mr. McDonald was married in 1870, in Ohio, to Miss Katy Brady, a native of Pennsylvania, daughter of Samuel Brady. They have six children — John, Ann Eliza, Daniel, Ella May, William and Nelson. Mr. McDonald became an American citizen at "Wooster, Ohio, and lias since affiliated with the Republican party, casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln at his second election. ^ILLIAM LAFAYETTE ADDY, an active and enterprising citizen of l^&r*! Junction Township, proprietor of the Dana Creamery, is a native of Linn County, Iowa, born April 23, 1856, and is the foster- son of Jacob A. Addy, of Junction Town- ship, whose name he of his own accord adopted. His mother, Mary (Corbley) For- dyce, died when he was an infant, and his father, Abraham Fordyce, is still living in Linn County, a highly respected elder of the Methodist Episcopal church of "Wanbeck. "William L. Addy was reared in Springville, Linn County, where he attended school, and also attended the Western College of Linn County. He has taught school about five years, principally during the winter terms. He made farming his principal avocation until 1883. He came to Greene County in 1876. August 22, 1878, he was married to Miss Carrie Hughes, a daughter of Francis Hughes, a resident of Junction Township. They have two children, named Earl Fordyce and Frank Corbley. Since 1883 Mr. Addy has devoted part of his time to the creamery business, in connection with which he has carried on his farm until the last year, when he leased it. His farm is located on section 3, Junction Township, and contains 175 acres. He has on his farm graded Holstein and short-horn cattle and Poland-China hogs, and also owns a half interest in a fine Norman stallion. His creamery is situated on his farm near his residence, and was built in 1881 by H. Jordan, who operated it until 1883, when it was purchased by Mr. Addy, the present proprietor. The main building is 20 x 34 feet, two stories in height, and the engine-room is 8 x 14 feet, with an ice-house 14 x 26 feet. He uses Barnes Brothers' en- gine and boiler, of Maquoketa, Iowa, the engine, which is a six-horse power, being used in churning and pumping, the boiler in heating the building, etc. The churn is rec- tangular in shape, and has a capacity of 400 pounds. The churn which is called the Conqueror Oil Test is also used, and is the finest process for testing the quality of the cream. During the winter seasons Mr. Addy handles cream and unsalted butter only, and in the summer months also handles milk. He handles from 2,000 to 7,000 pounds of the latter daily, and makes as high as 1,500 pounds of butter in a day. During the busy season of 1886 thirteen men were employed. Mr. Addy ships principally to Boston and New York, and has dealt with the same com- missioners since he engaged in his present business — Utley & Boynton, of Boston, and McBride & Co., of New York. He usually puts up 100 tons of ice annually, all of which he uses in his business. Mr. Addy is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to the Junction Lodge, No. 357, at Grand Junction. .-5wf« fAMES HIGGINS, farmer, section 27, Junction Township, was born in La Salle County, Illinois, March 18, 1845. His father, William Higgins, deceased, was a native of Latreum, Ireland, and came to America at the age of eighteen years. He lived in Maryland and Pennsylvania until 1833, then came to La Salle County, Illinois, being one of the pioneers of that county. He hauled wheat from there to Chicago. He ,m a ,ta„m a a m .m m m a M^B m Bi BIOGRAPHICAL SKMTCHES. 359 was a stonemason by trade, and was foreman of the mason work in constructing the locks on the Illinois River Canal. . Our subject was reared a farmer. During the late war he served in Company G, Thirty-ninth Illinois Infantry, and was in the battle of Lookout Mountain, Strawberry Plains, Shiloh, where his company was all cut to pieces, there be- ing but seven left that were able to muster the next morning. They were then trans- ferred to the Sixty-eighth Illinois under Colonel Dickey. July 3, 1872, he was mar- ried to Jane Durkin, daughter of John Dur- kin, deceased. They have had six children — Mary, William (deceased), Ellen, John, Alice and James. Mr. Higgins came here in 1882. He owns 280 acres of land and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He gives much attention to thoroughbred and graded stock. He has the finest hogs in the State; they are Poland-China. — ■HHmhSh— — fERRENCE REYNOLDS, retired farm- er, Grand Junction, was born in County tp' Monaghan, Ireland, October 17, 1823, son of Terrence Reynolds, a native of the same place, now deceased. He came to America in 1853, locating in Cayuga County, New York, thence to La Salle County, Illi- nois, in 1854, and lived on a farm near Tonica three years. In the spring of 1857 he came to Greene County and settled in Junction, and has since resided in this county. His place was near Buttrick's Creek. There were but two families north of him on that creek in Greene County. His milling was done at Des Moines, and he did most of his trading there. He entered his land in 1855, and it being prairie land he com- menced farming immediately. He owns three farms, in all about 400 acres, besides property in Grand Junction. He was mar- ried August 2, 1856, to Alice Hughs. Four of their five children are living — Mary J., Florence, Margaret A. and Charles E. "Wal- ter died at the age of two and a half years. Mrs. Reynolds was also born in County Mon- aghan, Ireland, where she was reared and educated. Her father was a native of Ire- land, but it is not certain what portion of the country. She came to America in 1847, and lived in New York City and in Trenton, New Jersey, over six years. She then came to La Salle County, Illinois. ►*-»£-' JwaiLLIAM R. GREENE, farmer, sec- llwlf t * on ^' Greenbrier Township, is a r^jsS native of County Down, Ireland, born December 19, 1832. His parents, Rob- ert and Mary (Tweedie) Greene, had seven children, of whom our subject was the second child. When he was fourteen years of age his parents removed to Dundee, Scotland, where he lived six years, working in a flax factory. At the age of twenty he came to the United States and located in Whitley County, Indiana, where he lived about seven- teen years, engaged in railroading. In 1868 he came to this county, first settling three miles south of Jefferson, where he lived eight years, having purchased eighty acres of land. In 1876 he came to Greenbrier Township and settled upon his present farm, where he has since resided. He first bought 160 acres, and has since added to his original purchase until he now owns 240 acres of ex- cellent land, well improved and in a good state of cultivation. He has a good house, well furnished, and comfortable out-buildings for stock and grain. He also has a fine or- chard and a native grove of five acres. He is engaged in general farming, stock-raising ■"ii» 360 HIBTOBT OF GREENE COUNTY. and feeding. He was married in December, 1850, to Miss Mary Elliott, a native of Ire- land, and a daughter of Thomas and Mar- garet (Hill) Elliott. Mr. and Mrs. Greene have eight children — Robert, George G., Maggie, Mary Jane, Elizabeth, Samuel E., William H. and Rose Alice. Mrs. Greene died October 8, 1884. Mr. Greene is a Re- publican in politics, and is a worthy and con- sistent member of the Presbyterian church, always taking an active interest in the ad- vancement of education and religion. » s > < ; » \i) fACOB A. ADDY, engaged in agricult- ural pursuits on section 3, Junction Township, is a native of Ohio, born in Coshocton County, April 17, 1817, a son of Robert Addy, who was a native of Yirginia. His father served in the war of 1812, and his grandfather was a soldier in the Revolu- tionary war. Jacob A., our subject, was reared to agricultural pursuits, which he has followed through life with the exception of five years, from 1865 till 1870, when he was engaged in the mercantile business at Spring- ville, Linn County, Iowa. His educational advantages were limited to. the log cabin sub- scription schools of that early day, where he was taught the common branches. Novem- ber 15, 1836, he was married to Miss Mary A. Rodney, a daughter of John Rodney, and of the five children born to this union only one is living — a daughter, Catherine. She married "William Sharp, of Tama City, Iowa, and to them have been born five children — ■ Gertrude, Frank, Matie, Ruby C. and Bur- rell. The children deceased are — Sarah E., who died at the age of eighteen years; Rob- ert G., died aged seven years ; Elizabeth and Clark, both died at about the age of fourteen months. Mr. and Mrs. Addy have an adopted son, William L. Fordyce, whom they have reared from infancy, and who has taken the name of his -adopted parents. Mr. Addy settled in Shelby County, Illinois, in 1841, and in 1849 removed to Linn County, Iowa, settling on wild land which he had entered, and there he endured many of the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life. In- dians were the principal inhabitants, and wild animals were numerous. Their nearest milling and trading place was Muscatine or Des Moines, a distance of sixty miles, ox teams being their principal mode of convey- ance. He came to Greene County, Iowa, in 1876, settling where he has since lived. He has been an industrious, hard-working citi- zen, and by his persevering energy, assisted by his excellent helpmeet, who has shared with him the vicissitudes of life for fifty years, he has acquired a competency for their declining years. Both are consistent mem- bers of the Presbyterian church at Dana. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity. —MgHHf^N*. |J||||RS. LETTITIE J. STEWARD, of fflWIf Grand Junction, is a native of Han- ^=5#^ cock County, Ohio, born August 21, 1842, a daughter of William H. and Rebecca (Keys) Harrison. In 1850 her parents moved to Jones County, Iowa, and located on a farm. She was reared in that county, receiv- ing a common-school education. She was married in Jones County, September 14, 1862, to William Steward, a native of Ohio, born July 31, 1842, a son of Spencer Steward. Mr. Steward enlisted in the defense of his country March 9, 1864, and was assigned to Company B, Ninth Iowa Infantry. He par- ticipated in a number of severe battles. From the effects of exposure and hardship he was attacked with typhoid fever, and died t-ml MgagaSMi »■■■■■»■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ -■--■■■i—" BIOGRAPHICAL SKETGHMS, July 5, 1864. To Mr. and Mrs. Steward was born one son — Benjamin F., who is now employed at the Grand Junction coal shaft. Mrs. Steward removed to Greene County in the spring of 1869, and settled in Jefferson Township, where she lived until March, 1877, when she moved to Grand Junction. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. .-5Mf* OBEKT GIBSON, farmer, section 25, Washington Township, was born in Leicestershire, England, July 15, 1835, son of John Gibson, of this township, a native of the same country. He came to America in 1860, settling in Jackson, Michi- gan, where he remained three years. He then returned to England, and came back to the United States in May, 1864, stopping in Tioga County, New York, six months, then went to Hancock County, Illinois. The fol- lowing winter he came to Polk County, this State. He conducted a market garden, at Des Moines, a few years, and came to this county in March, 1872, settling upon his present farm, where he owns 120 acres of good land. Mr. Gibson served as justice of the peace here over two years, and as special deputy sheriff two years; also insurance agent for Western Home and Merchant and Bank- er's Company. He is a local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal church, and has married many couples, conducted many funeral ser- vices and taken a great many into the church during the sixteen years he has lived in Washington Township, and has always taken an active part in Sunday-school work. He used to ride to Minburn Sunday mornings, a distance of fifteen miles, to preach, then four miles south of Minburn in the afternoon, preaching at Perry in the evenings, and ride home again that same evening. He has done more than any other man in punishing crime, in putting down saloons, and all kinds of evil. He is a public benefactor, though it has cost him hundreds of dollars. For a long time he stood entirely alone; but he proved himself to be the best friend to those who treated him the most shamefully. Mrs. Gibson is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Her father settled near Des Moines in 1856. Mrs. Gibson was married to her present husband September 1, 1866. She has always taken a great interest in Sunday-school work and has made her home for many years the home of the minis- ters of different denominations. All found a welcome there, her greatest delight being to make others happy in this life, and get them interested in the life to come. She is greatly respected by all who know her, espe- cially by the young, for whom she has so faithfully labored these many years, in the community where she lives. •***« QUINN FKEE, farmer, section 26, Washington Township, was born in ° the town of Savanna, Carroll County, Illinois, November 9, 1847, a son of Samuel Free. He was reared a farmer, receiving a common-school education. He came to Greene County, Iowa, in the year 1869, and settled upon his present farm. September 10, 1871, he was married to Elizabeth J. Gilliland, daughter of Stephen W. Gilli- land, who settled in Dallas County, Iowa, in 1857. To this union have been born six children — Myron E., Katie E., Edna M., Blanche E. and James W. Mr. Free owns eighty acres of land, was elected justice of the peace in 1881, and re-elected in 1884 and 1886, and now has his office in the town of Surry. He has also served as township HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. clerk, trustee, assessor, and has been president of the school board in Washington Township, and is still a member of the board. He is a member of the Odd Fellows and Ancient Order of United Workmen. PALESTINE S. BABB, farmer, Grant Township, resides on section 36, and is ^=i the oldest settler now living within the limits of Greene County, the date of his settlement being June 22, 1850. There were two other families living in what is now Grant Township when he came, viz., Enos Butterick and Richard Hardin; both are now deceased. Truman Davis had made a settle- ment in what is now Franklin Township. He died many years ago, where he first settled. These men, with their families, constituted the population of Greene County when Mr. Babb came. His brother, William K. Babb, came with him. He was married, but had no children. He made a settlement adjoining his brother, where he lived until his death, which occurred four or five years later. His widow is now Mrs. Hannah Smith, of Jefferson. He left two children, both of whom died young. Mr. Babb found the whole country in- its primitive condition. The Indians had been removed, but the re- mains of their wigwams were still to be seen. Wild game, including elk and deer, was abundant. The settlers went to Fort Des Moines to do their trading, and also had to go very near there to get their corn ground. Mr. Babb was born in Greene County, Ten- nessee, July 9, 1820, and was reared in Hawkins County. His parents were William and Mercy (Brown) Babb, the former a native of Tenneseee, and the latter of Virginia. They spent the most of their lives in Ten- nessee, and died in that State. They had eight children, five sons and three daughters ; the daughters and one brother are deceased. Mr. Babb was married in Tennessee to Lydia Crumley, and removed to "Virginia May 1, 1850. He, with his family, his brother and the latter's wife, and William and S. G. Crumley, started for Iowa with a team of five horses attached to a wagon. There were seven persons in the company, Mr. and Mrs. Babb having one child. They stopped a few days in Dallas County, but Mr. Babb came almost immediately to Greene County and made his settlement as before stated, and here he has lived more than thirty-six years. His first house was a log cabin, where he lived with his family several years. He was a poor man when he came here. One of the horses previously mentioned belonged to him, and that constituted about all of his worldly possessions. He had not even money to enter his land, and was obliged to pay 40 per cent, interest in order to obtain the money. He pre-empted a quarter section, and about ten years ago added forty-five acres. He now has 205 acres of valuable land, and has suffi- cient means to make him and his family comfortable through life. His wife, who came here with him, died February 19, 1857. His second wife was formerly Abigail Ben- nett, whom he married August 9 of the same year. She died January 13, 1874. By his first marriage Mr. Babb had five children, three of whom died young. The living are — Emily, who came with her parents to this county, and is now the wife of Luke Turpen, and Amanda Jane, wife of John Atkins. By his second marriage were seven children, one of whom died in infancy. Those living are — Mrs. Mary Roberts, Oliver Y., Amelia A., Alice M., Mrs. Belle Jackson and Walter. Politically Mr. Babb is a Democrat. In the early days Greene County was organized into one civil township, called Washington Town- ,m^w m w m m m u m .* m mi m w m m m iB„ w ai m m w m m S B B a m„a g ,m ma m m ia^ia xa m m u^m ma m m m m m Bt iit mr m^> f jggSEBgaHB! ship. Mr. Babb was the first justice of the peace in the county, and the first lawsuit was tried before him. A. J. Cain was elected justice at the same time, but Mr. Babb was the first to qualify, and performed the first duties of that office. He served one term as county clerk, and was assessor for many years. William K. Babb, the brother of our subject, was several years younger than V. S. He was quite successful in life, being the owner of 400 acres of land and considerable per- sonal property. He was taken sick from exposure, and died of pneumonia. His widow afterward married Thomas J. Smith, who is also deceased. Mr. Babb has had poor health for many years. About the year 1854 he caught a severe cold which settled upon his lungs, and he has never fully recovered. In September, 1867, a horse ran away with him and broke his leg. This is also a source of considerable suffering. -*-*■ S|UGENIO K. FKENCH, deceased, was born in Onondaga County, New York, October 3, 1847, and removed with his parents to La Salle County, Illinois, in 1865. At the age of seventeen years he ran away from home to enlist in the United States service during the late war. He became a member of Company F, Ninth Illinois Cav- alry, and served until the close of the war. He was married December 29, 1870, to Aus- tis M. Bradt, and they had two children Ora V. and Albert J. Mrs. French died December 10, 1876, and January 9, 1879, Mr. French married Miss Janette Havenhill, a daughter of Oliver Havenhill, of La Salle County, Illinois. To this union have been born three children— Roscoe E., Oliver H. and Eugenio K Our subject came to this county in March, 1882, settling on section 5, 26 Junction Township. He owned 160 acres of land, which his heirs now occupy. He held the office of tax collector, highway commis- sioner, and other local offices. He died May 12, 1884. Mrs. French was born in Big G-rove Township, Kendall County, Illinois, and was reared on a farm. Her husband was also reared on a farm, and was eminently successful as a farmer and stock-raiser. » S t <; « EESE G. SEAMAN, of the firm of Seaman & Seaman, proprietors of the Hawkeye Mills, on section 30, Bristol Township, was born June 1, 1844, in Clin- ton County, Ohio, son of W. D. Seaman. He was reared on a farm and remained with his father's family until his twenty-first year, when, in January, 1865, he became a recruit of Company F, Eighty-eighth Ohio Infantry.- His service was on detached duty at the head- quarters of General P. Bichardson. After the war he became a resident of Adair Coun- ty, Missouri, where he lived about ten years engaged in farming and in operating station- ary engines. He was also engaged in the marble trade four years. In Adair County, April 23, 1874, he was united in marriage with Hattie Capps, daughter of Henry Capps of that county. In 1875 Mr. Seaman became identified with the interests of Greene County and engaged in farming. Later Jie owned a farm on section 30, Bristol Township, which he sold, and then purchased an interest in the mill property of which he now has half of the charge. The building is 30 x 40 feet, two and one-half stories in height, with base- ment and three sets of burrs. The power comes from the North Coon Biver, a head of seven feet giving a safe and reliable power sufficient for all uses. They contemplate making many improvements in the near 364 HI STOUT OF QUEEN E COUNTY. future. In connection with the mill prop- erty the company owns forty acres of land upon which are three houses, a barn and car- penter's shop. A fair valuation of the entire property would not vary much from $12,000. Mr. Seaman's parents lived many years in Adair County, Missouri, before their decease. The father was born in Ohio County and the' mother in Rockbridge County, Virginia. They were married in Clinton County, Ohio. Of their nine children Reese G.was the sixth. The eldest, George, lives in Carroll County, Missouri; James V. is a physician, living in Butler County, Kansas. These and our sub- ject are all that are living. George, Jonah V. and .Reese G. served in Company F, Eighty-eighth Ohio Infantry. Mr. and Mrs. Seaman have five children — Henry W., Jonah Y., James D., Nellie and Edith. They are members of the Christian church, and in politics Mr. Seaman is an ardent Republican. He belongs to Golden Gate Lodge, No. 402, A. F. & A. M., at Scranton, and 1ST. H. Powers Post, G. A. R., at the same place. «^HHf-§H-. ^RTEMUS J. MACK, an active and enterprising agriculturist, engaged in •4^ farming and stock-raising on section 13, Junction Township, Greene County, is a native of Illinois, born in Boone County, July 12, 1856, a son of Willard Mack, who is living in Junction Township. His father being a farmer, he was reared to the same occupation, his youth being spent in assist- ing on the farm and in attending the common schools of his neighborhood. He came with his father's family to Greene County, Iowa, in 1876, where he has since made his home, and is now the owner of a fine farm in Junc- tion Township which contains eighty acres of well -cultivated land, he being numbered among the progressive farmers of this com- munity. Mr. Mack was united in marriage March 2, 1880, to Miss May Smith, a daugh- ter of Richard Smith, who is now deceased. Four children have been born to this union, whose names are as follows — Laura B., Ger- trude J., Spencer A. and Artemus R. i-JHf« ]AMUEL M. TAYLOE, section 27, Grant Township, is one of the promi- nent pioneers of Greene County. His father, Joshua Taylor, settled in this county in June, 1855, buying a tract of wild land on which a log cabin had been built and one acre had been cleared and planted to potatoes. Joshua Taylor was born in Logan County, Kentucky, December 1, 1805, and September 27, 1827, married Nancy More, also a native of Logan County, Kentucky, born May 12, 1809. Several years later they moved to Champaign County, Illinois, and thence to Iowa. Joshua Taylor was a man highly es- teemed by all who knew him. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church many years, and in politics was ' a Jackson Democrat. At his death he left a widow and seven children, three children having preceded him to the other world. Those living at the time of his death were — Mrs. Martha J. Col- lins, Mary N., James H, Mrs. Sarah "Win- kleman, Samuel M., Joshua G. and Matilda Kooder. Of this family Samuel M. is the only one living. After the father's death the mother married Wilkins Taylor (not a rela- tive). He also died and she then married Job C. Stiles. She died January 21, 1884, after a brief illness. Samuel M. Taylor was born in Champaign County, Illinois, March 25, 1838. He has been twice married. His first wife was Mrs. Frances Correy, daughter of Joseph Collins. To them were born two children — Eosettie C. and Nancy A. His pres- ent wife was Ann Elizabeth Tilton, daughter of David Tilton. She was born in Ohio in 1851, and accompanied her parents to Illi- nois when a child, where her father died in 1865. In 1870 she and her mother came to Greene County. Her mother returned to Illinois, where she died in September, 1878. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have three children — Samuel M., "William Arthur and Ariel Adol- phus. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Demo- crat. JfJEORGE W. WIANT, farmer, section 5, "Washington Township, was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, December 2, 1846. His father, Andrew Jesse Wiant, of Tuscarawas County, was born in Pennsyl- vania, and came to Ohio when a young man. Our subject was reared on a farm, and ob- tained his education in the common schools. He has always followed farming for his occu- pation. He was a soldier in the late war, enlisting February 23, 1865, for one year, or -during the war, and was assigned to Com- pany C, One Hundred and Eighty-ninth Ohio Infantry, and was mustered out Sep- tember 28, 1865. In February, 1866, he re- moved to Peoria County, Illinois, and there attended the commercial college of Worth- ington, "Warner & Cole, during the winter of 1866-'67. In April, 1867, he came to Greene County, and bought and improved eighty acres on section 16, Washington Town- ship. He located upon his present farm in the fall of 1872, where he owns 240 acres of land. He is engaged in general farming, and gives considerable attention to graded stock. Mr. "Wiant was married February 26, 1871, to Miss Louisa A. Potts, daughter of Jesse P. Potts, deceased, who was born in Cedar County, this State. They have had three children, only one of whom is living — Cora Emeline. Mr. "Wiant has served as township clerk and township assessor several years; he is now a member of the school board and is township school treasurer. Sfli <■;>< ; « LYIJST M. JSfEAL, Angus, is a native of Iowa, born in "Wapello County, July 10, ^ 1846, a son of Robert and Elizabeth (Pierce) Neal, the father being a native of Champaign County, Ohio. The mother was a daughter of Thomas Pierce, a distant rela- tive of President Pierce, and was a colonel, and afterward acted as a spy in the Revolu- tionary war. He was a pioneer of Warren County, Illinois. The brother of our subject, John U. Neal, owns the gun which was car- ried by Mr. Pierce in the the Revolution, which he prizes very highly. Of the seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Robert Neal, five are living — Eliza, John ~N., Daniel, Will- iam and Alvin M., our subject being the youngest child. His youngest sister, Lu- cinda J., died at the age of thirty-four years. His father died March 16, 1872, and his mother's death occurred in March, 1873. Alvin M. Neal was reared to the avocation of a farmer, receiving in his youth a com- mon-school education. He was brought by his parents to Marion County, Iowa, in the spring of 1855, and there he grew to man- hood on the home farm. He enlisted in the war of the Rebellion at the age of seventeen, and was assigned to Company F, Fortieth Iowa Infantry, serving for three years, and participated in the battles of Little Rock, Memphis, Jenkins' Ferry, and others of minor importance. He returned to his home with- out having received a wound, but with health H18T0RY OF GREENE COUNTY. permanently impaired by the exposure and hardships he had endured while in the ser- vice. He was married November 18, 1865, to Miss Catherine Jones, a native of Wales, born January 29, 1842, a daughter of Henry D. and Ann (Davis) Jones, who were natives of the same country. Mr. Jones came to America with his family in 185,7 and located at Scranton, Pennsylvania, and in January, 1858, came to Knoxville, Iowa. The parents are still living in Marion County. They were the parents of twelve children, six still living — Mrs. Neal, Seth and Owen, natives of Wales, and William, Ulysses G. and Ann, born in Iowa. Seth Jones and Mr. Neal were messmates in the war of the Rebellion. ; Mr. and Mrs. Neal have a family of three children — William T., born September 15, **1866; Arthur - M., born October 9, 1868; Francis O., born August 24, 1871. Mr. Neal made his home 1 in Marion County until 1871, when he removed with his family to Otley, Iowa. In the spring of 1881 he. came to Greene County, where he followed farm- ing until the spring of 1884, since which time he has been a resident of Angus. He has followed farming through life until with- in the past three years, since which time he has been running a bus and dray line at An- gus, in which undertaking he is meeting with success. He now owns two residences, and a business house at Angus, in which Mrs. Neal is running a millinery store, besides a farm of eighty acres on section 13 of Washington Township. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. » 3nS " ARCHIBALD BURK, farmer, section 19, Washington Township, was born in <^>- Otsego County, New York, April 23, 1840. His father, Amos S. Burk, brought his family to this county in the spring of 1855, locating on the old Burk homestead, section 32, Washington Township, where he died several years ago. Our subject was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. He has always followed the occupa- tion of a farmer. During the late war he enlisted in Company H, Tenth Iowa In- fantry, and participated in the battles of Madrid, the first and second battles of Cor- inth, Iuka, Jackson, Champion Hills, Yicks- burg and Missionary Ridge. For these services rendered his country he draws a pension of $4 a month. He was married May 21, 1865, to Martha Heater, daughter of Jacob Heater, a pioneer of this county, and now deceased. They have four children — Jennie A., James A., George E. and Nellie A., all at home. Mr. Burk owns 160 acres of land and is engaged in farming and stock- raising. When the family first came to this county they had to go to Des Moines to trade and also to do their milling, a distance of fifty miles. Mr. Burk is a member of the Odd Fellows fraternity. > 3 i i; » gEORGE A. WEATHERSON, a suc- rjp cessful agriculturist of Junction Town- *!• ship, Greene County, engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 18, is a native of Ohio, born August 18, 1854. His father, Luke Weatherson, was born in Scot- land, and came to America in 1849. He first located near Cleveland, Ohio, and in 1850 went to California. In 1852 he settled near Milwaukee, Wisconsin, returning to Ohio in 1854. He is now a resident of Jones County, Iowa. He was a soldier three years in the war of the Rebellion, serving until its close. George A. Weatherson, whose name heads this sketch, was reared to ■'■'■■■■I'l'l'l BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 367 agricultural pursuits on the home farm, and has always followed the avocation of a farmer. His education was obtained in the common schools of his neighborhood. He came to Greene County, Iowa, in Jane, 1880, settling on his present farm, where he has 160 acres of valuable land. Mr. Weatherson was united in marriage January 31, 1882, to Miss Mary Gunn, a daughter of Charles Gunn, of War- ren County, Illinois. One child was born to this union, a daughter, Huldah, who is now deceased. Mrs. Weatherson is also deceased, her death taking place November 4, 1883. Mr. Weatherson never seeks official honors, preferring to devote his entire attention to the duties of his farm. «-5*-»f< QHAKLES B. MECUM, section 36, Washington Township, was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, August 25, 1822, a son of James and Julia (Dewey) Mecum, the father a native of Massachusetts, of Irish ancestry, his mother being of French descent. His father was a First Lieutenant in the war of 1812. Charles B. Mecum was reared a farmer, and has followed agricultural pursuits the greater part of his life. His education was obtained at Springfield, Massa- chusetts, and at Suflield, Connecticut. He is one of the few remaining " forty-niners," who April 5, 1849, with oxen and wagons, started from Galesbnrg, Illinois, for the gold fields of California, taking the name of " Jay-Hawk- ers " to distinguish their party from the other parties who went the same year. After leaving Little Salt Lake the Jay-Hawkers took directions from Indian Walker, and" Ward, an old mountaineer, who told them they could save 500 miles by taking the route he laid out for them, and branched off from the main body. Finding nothing as represented they became lost, and wandered about for months. They cut up their wagons on Silver Mountain, and made of them pack- saddles for their cattle. Here thirteen of their number branched off on New Year's day, taking what jerked beef they could carry, and started due west over the mountains. This the main party could not do on account of their cattle, but when they came to a mountain took a southerly course around it. Of the thirteen who left but two lived to get through, and these were found by ranch Indians in a helpless condition and brought in and cared for. They had cast lots and lived on each other until but two remained. When questioned afterward in regard to their trip they burst into tears, and could not talk of it. The main body of the Jay-Hawkers kept their cattle (for they were their only" hope), and on these they lived. The cattle lived on the bitter sage bush, except when they occasionally found an oasis with water and a little grass upon it. The feet of the cattle were worn down until blood marked every step, and the boys wrapped their feet in raw hides, as they did their own. Many died from exposure, hunger and thirst, and were buried in the drifting sands, while those that were left tottered on not knowing whose turn would be next. But for their cattle not a man could have survived that awful journey. They ate the hide, the blood, the refuse, and picked the bones in camp, making jerked beef of the balance to take with them. After many desert wanderings and untold sufferings, they at last struck Yahoon's Pass, and emerged suddenly into Santa Clara Valley, which was covered with long grass and wild flowers, with thousands of fat cattle feeding, a perfect paradise to those famished skeletons of men. There were thirty-six of the party who lived to reach the valley, and every one shed tears of joy at the sight of the glorious vision HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. spread before them and the suddenness of their deliverance. They shot five head of the cattle and were eating the raw flesh, when the ranch Indians, hearing the firing, came to see what was the matter, and finding them in a helpless condition reported to Francisco, the Spaniard who owned the cattle and ranch. He came down and invited them to a grove near his home, bade them welcome, and fur- nished them with meat, milk, grain and every- thing they needed, keeping them until they were recruited and able to go on their way. They reached the Santa Clara Valley Feb- ruary 4, 1850, and on that day each year they celebrate their deliverance by a reunion, where in pleasant companionship, around a festive board, they recount reminiscences of the past, and live over again those scenes, when young and hopeful, they lived and suf- fered together. There are but fifteen of the party alive to-day, and these are widely scattered, the majority being on the Pacific Slope. February 4, 1887, the reunion took place at the residence of C. B. Mecum, of Rippey, but owing to the severity of the weather and the long distance intervening, but few survivors were able to be present, although all sent kind words of greeting. Mr. Mecum engaged in mining nearly three years, and in February, 1853, left California for Knox County, Illinois, where he resided until 1874, when in March' of that year he came to Iowa and settled in "Washington Township, Greene County, where he now lives. He owns 200 acres of choice land, and in connection with general farming is engaged in stock-raising. Mr. Mecum was married November 22, 1854, to Frances E. Richards, a native of Westminster, Vermont, born July 1, 1835, a daughter of Luther A. and Mary (Page) Richards, both of whom are now deceased. She is of Puritan descent, her ancestor, Thomas Richards, coming to America from Dorsetshire, England, in 1630, and locating at Dorchester, Massachusetts. She is well educated, attending school at her native village, Waterbury, and North Haven, Connecticut, and Galesburg, Illinois. Of the eight children born to Mr. and Mrs. Mecum, five are living — "William F., Leroy H., Cora A., Edwin "W. and Maude F. William is a justice of the peace at Douglas, Wyoming Territory. Leroy married a daugh- ter of Henry Youngman, and is living in Jefferson Township. He is at present serving as deputy sheriff of Greene County. Mrs. Mecum and William and Cora are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Mecum is a member of the Masonic fraternity. «***§*3«-t£*f»«"«» «OLUMBUS RICE, coal miner at Buck- eye bank, near Surry, was born in Fountain County, Indiana, June 8, 1852, son of Francis Rice, of Washington Township. He was brought by his parents to Dallas County in 1852, who settled near Adel. The country was then wild and un- settled. Indians were plenty, and the whites often had skirmishes with them to save life and property. The whites were killing the wild game, and the savages wanted to drive them back by making raids and killing the people. Mr. Rice passed his early life at farm work, and in attending the common schools of his father's district. He is nat- urally quite a student and a great lover of history. He has worked on a farm in summer ever since he was nine years old, and aims to work summer and winter. In 1857 he took a trip with his father to Kansas and Missouri, returning in 1864 to Iowa, and in 1873 he visited his native place in Indiana. He now works on the farm during the summer, and in the mines during the winter. He came ^wg i ^ w a . « m w »iB m |g, M ,a M M»W iia5rat»m W™ w ^ ,. w M B,w,» „a M aa.B i M B M M n ,M^ a BIOGRAPHIC 'AL SKETCHES. 361) — ; f-. to this county with his parents in 1857, settling in Franklin Township. He located in this township in 1871, and this has since been his home. He never seeks official honors. I U I l *§-i1»-gM^Mt^^li IB! ■ fAMES THORNTON, farmer, of Grant Township, is one of the pioneers of Greene County, corning in June, 1857. He settled where he now lives, on section 26, although his farm of 240 acres is mostly on section 23. At that time there were but few families in what is now Grant Township, and their mill and postoffice was at Fort Des Moines. Mr. Thornton has witnessed and materially assisted in advancing all the enterprises that have changed Greene County from a wilderness to its present prosperous condition. He was born in Ohio in 1815, and when a young man went to Cass County, Michigan, where he lived until his removal to Iowa. He was married in Michigan to Jane Parker, a native of Ohio, born in 1825. Thejr have had seven children — Jesse, of Greenbrier Township; Mary Ann, wife of Charles Mattison, died and left two children; J. Parker, Lydia, Nathan, James and George. «b> ifl ? m % t l g « YH »toi >LFRED C. WELLS, farmer and stock- raiser, section 27, Dawson Township, was born near Davenport, Scott County, Iowa, April 25, 1844. His boyhood days were spent in assisting on the farm in Scott County, and in attending the district school. He remained at home until seventeen years old, when, August 15, 1861, he enlisted in the defense of his country and served over four years, being mustered out November 15, 1865. After his discharge he returned home and lived in Scott County until 1868, when he moved to Greene County and settled where he now lives, being the first settler in Dawson Township. He owns 200 acres of choice land, and has erected good buildings, set out a fine orchard and now has one of the pleas- antest homes in the township. Mr. "Wells was married April 11, 1868, to Eliza Mc- Cully, a native of Pennsylvania, born July 25, 1845, daughter of James and Jane McCully, natives of Ohio and Ireland. They have one son — Charles E., born August 16, 1880. ~*°*~^ l &i * 3 M S - HOMAS M. TERRELL, a prosperous agriculturist of "Washington Township, residing on section 30, is a native of Ohio County, "West Virginia, born near Wheeling, May 18, 1850, his father, Daniel Terrill, who is now deceased, being born in the same county. The father brought his family to Iowa in 1853 when he settled in Cedar County, dying there the same year. The mother of our subject, Tabitha (Hemp- hill) Terrill, died in September, 1861. After his mother's death he lived with a Mr. Blaylock six years and a half, four years of this time in Keokuk County, Iowa, to which Mr. Blaylock had removed. At the age of eighteen he returned to his father's old homestead in Cedar County, Iowa, where he lived three and a half years with Amos Barnard, who had bought the place. In the fall of 1871 he located near State Center, in Marshall County, where he spent two and a half months and the same fall came to Grand Junction. He soon after began working on the farm of James Thomp- son, where he remained almost three years. He then worked one year for S. Gilliland of Dallas County, and in the spring 1876 370 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. "1 engaged in farming on his own account, he having bought a farm in 1872. In 1879 he settled on his farm in Washington Township, which contains 240 acres of choice land, where he has since followed farming and stock-raising. November 6, 1879, Mr. Ter- rill was united in marriage to Miss Lydia M. Hill, a daughter of the late John Hill of Iowa County. Four children have been born to this union — Katie M., Otis W., Geneva I. and William D. — '-g**-^'^—" sRURY P. ANDERSON was born in Greene County, Ohio, September 3, 1847, a son of William and Lydia An- derson. In 1857 his parents moved to Greene County, Iowa, and settled in Grant Township. Drury P. Anderson was reared on a farm in Greene County, and was educated in the common schools. He remained at home until twenty-two years of age, when he commenced life for himself. In 1877 he bought 106 acres of land on section 11, Jack- son Township. To this he has added eighty acres, and now has a very fine property. His residence is situated on a knoll overlooking the farm, and is but three miles from Jeffer- son and three-quarters of a mile from Eureka Mills. Mr. Anderson was married December 17, 1877, to Annie McCuen, daughter of Nathan and Harriet McCuen, pioneers of Grant Township. Mrs. Anderson's father gave his life for his country during the war of the Rebellion. Her mother afterward married James Wilson, and again was widowed. She now lives in Grant Township. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson have two children — Lura and Sadie. Their second child, Ed- gar, died in infancy. In politics Mr. Ander- son is a Republican. He is one of the leading men of his township, which he is serving as trustee. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. «~'*^3«-»f*f»''-«» |f\ENRY A. DWINNELL was born in Worcester County, Massachusetts, in 1829. In 1837 his father, Solomon Dwinnell, went to Wisconsin, and in 1838 attended the first land sale at Milwaukee, and bought considerable land for himself and other parties. He then returned to Massa- chusetts, where he died in the eighty-fourth year of his age, his wife surviving him a short time, dying in her eighty-third year. They were the parents of twelve children, eight of whom are living. All save one daughter came West. Our subject left Mas- sachusetts for Wisconsin in 1852, and lived in Lodi until his removal to Jefferson in 1870, and has since been identified with the mercantile interests of the town. He was married in Lodi, Wisconsin, to Theda Hum- phrey, a native of New York, daughter of Jeffrey and Harriet Humphrey, who have been residents of Jefferson since the fall of 1869. TEPHEN ZIMMERMAN, an active and enterprising farmer of Scranton Township, residing on section 17, was born in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, the date of his birth being November 6, 1847. His father, Christian Zimmerman', was a native of Germany, born in 1810, and when a child was brought by his parents to the United States, and was reared to man- hood in Pennsylvania. He was first married to Miss Sarah Gearhart, who was born and reared in the State of Pennsylvania. She died when our subject, who was the fifth jjmgmgm gggtSMSMSSS^aMSMSSMSa BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 371 child, was five years old, leaving a family of six children — Peter enlisted in the three months service, and re-enlisted to serve three years, then re-enlisted for three more years, but died of measles shortly after his third enlistment; Margaret is the wife of Eobert May, of Kendrick Township; Sarah is the wife of Henry Stenberger, of Henry County, Illinois; Jacob is living in Manchester, Mich- igan; Stephen, the subject of this sketch; Washington, the sixth child, is living in Kendrick Township. For his second wife the father married Miss Sarah Michel in 1854, a native of Pennsylvania, and to this union four children were born — Caroline, who died in childhood; Rebecca S., now living in Greene County, Iowa; Henry, also living in Greene County, and Enoch, living in Pennsylvania. The family settled in Henry County, Illinois, and there Stephen grew to manhood. The year he attained his majority he came with his father to Greene County, Iowa, where he bought eighty acres of land and commenced improving the same. The father purchased a tract of 400 acres on sec- tion 16, Scranton Township, where he lived till his death, June 8, 1872, at the age of sixty-two years. The following year his widow returned to Pennsylvania, and died there one year later. Stephen Zimmerman was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Wood, of Scranton Township, October 24, 1872, she being a native of the State of New York, born February 16, 1854. Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Zimmerman — Effie Helen, Medora Y. (died aged eighteen months), Maud Jessie, Lee Wood (died at the age of five years), Homer Warren, and an infant son yet unnamed. Mr. Zimmerman made his home on section 16, Scranton Town- ship, until the spring of 1881, when he sold that property and purchased 160 acres of choice land on section 17 of the same town- ship, where he has since resided, and during his residence here of six short years he has converted his land from a state of nature into a very finely-improved farm, with excellent building improvements, the entire surround- ings showing care and thrift. Both Mr. and Mrs. Zimmerman are consistent members of the United Brethren church. In politics he has always been identified with the Republi- can party. u4H£« B. EEMICK was born in Franklin County, Maine, in 1834. When twenty years of age he went to La Salle County, Illinois, where he lived until 1874, when he came to Iowa and located at Jeffer- son, where he has dealt quite extensively in real estate, and at present is engaged in loan- ing money. He owns 280 acres of fine land, 160 acres in Paton Township, eighty acres in Junction and forty acres in Dawson Town- ship. He was married in Illinois to Helen G. Day, a native of Maine, who died, leaving one child — Georgiana. He subsequently married Sophia Mott, a native of New York. They have three daughters — Nellie, Mary S. and Fay. In politics Mr. Remick is a Re- publican. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. » Si i £ « [RYIN WRIGHT, a pioneer of Greene L County, resides on section 3, Jackson Township. He was born in Putnam County, Indiana, June 27, 1831. His par- ents, Elijah' and Susannah Wright, were among the earliest settlers of Putnam County, removing there from North Carolina, their native State, in 1821. His youth was spent at farm labor and in attending the common 372 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. subscription schools. August 26, 1849, he was married in his native , county to Miss Delilah M. Beck, daughter of "William and Susannah Beck, who was born in Washing- ton County, Indiana, October 30, 1827. Mr. Wright came to the Hawkeye State in 1853, coming to this county in the fall of that year. During the winter following he bought eighty acres of land in Bristol Township. He lived in Dallas County two years, then settled in Bristol Township. When in his fifteenth year he had united with the Chris- tian church, and he assisted in organizing the first Christian society in Greene County. Their meetings were held in a log school- house which he had helped to build, and which was the first in Greene County. It was on section 28, Bristol Township, and Rev. Clayburn Wright was the first pastor. Mr. Wright, our subject, was licensed to preach the gospel, and several years later was ordained into the ministry. He has had a pastoral charge since 1860, and has devoted his time to the up-building of the Christian Church of God. Mr. Wright's father came to Iowa the same time his son came, and pur- chased the farm the latter now occupies. He died in August, 1860, at the age of sixty- seven years. His wife survived him about sixteen years, and died at the age of eighty- five. Mr. Wright purchased the farm of the estate in March, 1863. It contains 103 acres and has first-class improvements both as regards soil and buildings. He has an in- terest with his sons in three other farms, one of eighty acres, one of fifty-five acres and one of forty acres. Mr. and Mrs. Wright have six children — William S., John H, Mrs. Louisa J. McClung, Mrs. Hester Ann Tom- son, Mrs. Sarah F. Baaz and Ervin O. All are living in this county and all are married and settled "except Ervin, who remains with his parents. The deceased are — Wilson M., who died in Indiana at the age of twenty- three months; Nathan M., who died at twenty-two months; Julia E. died at the age of three months; Rosetta A. died at four months, and three children died in early infancy. Mr. Wright was a Democrat for many years, but is now a Prohibitionist. —•«§•>•£•§»*-•" DWARD W. FOY, druggist, Jefferson, |L Iowa, is a native of County Galway, Ireland, born in 1845. He had good educational advantages in his native country, and after coming to America attended the Philadelphia High School some time. He came to the United States in January, 1862, and first lived in Philadelphia, goiug from there the same year to New York City, and from there to Mt. Morris, New York, where he lived until the fall of 1869, when he came to Iowa and clerked for James Stanford & Son, of Jefferson, until January, 1870, when he engaged in business for himself, and is now the oldest druggist in the place. Mr. Foy married Addie Young, daughter of Jacob Young. They have one child — Nettie. fAMES CRABB, farmer, section 31, Washington Township, was born in Pick- away County, Ohio, May 12, 1823, son of John Crabb, deceased. He was reared a farmer and educated in the log cabin sub- scription schools, in Vermillion, Illinois, where his parents removed when he was a child. The school-house had puncheon floors and seats, clapboard roof, a huge fire-place, and a hole cut in the logs for windows. Mr. Crabb came to Des Moines in the fall of 1854, and to this county in March of the following year, locating on his present farm which BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 373 abounded in wild animals. His trading and milling were done at Des Moines, and he paid one dollar a bushel for corn. He owns 237^ acres of land, all richly earned by his hard labor. He was married in November, 1841, to Phebe Adkins, daughter of Lewis Adkins, deceased, an early settler of Dallas Connty. Seven of their twelve children are living — James A., William H., Jemima, El- len, Grant, Jeannette and Phillip. Mr. and Mrs. Orabb are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Crabb is a Repub- lican in politics. fOHN M. FORBES, of Bristol Town- ship, has charge of the county poor farm, which consists of 240 acres of land lying on sections 21 and 28. The farm buildings are situated on the latter section. Mr. Forbes took possession of the farm in March, 1886. He has been a resident of the county since 1871, engaged in agricultural pursuits most of the time. He resided in Jefferson three years previ- ous to his occupancy of the county farm, being proprietor of the American House the last year of his residence in that city. Mr. Forbes was born in Camden County, North Carolina, April 5, 1826, son of William and Catherine (Mandeville) Forbes, natives also of North Carolina, where the father died March 5, 1854, aged sixty-seven years. John M. was the fourth of six children who were living at the time of the father's death, and four are now living — Jared lives in Kansas, Mary resides in Dakota, James in Audubon County, this State, and John M. in Bristol Township. The mother, with her two oldest children, left North Carolina before the war, and settled in Lee County, Illinois. She died in Ogle County, that State, March 18, 1871, aged eighty-one years, nine months and fourteen days. Mr. Forbes was reared to a farm life in his native State, and was there married to Miss Elizabeth Bell, May 13, 1852. She was born in Camden County August 1, 1833. During the last three years of the war, Mr. Forbes was within the Union lines, and received the protection of the Gov- ernment; and though he lost six slaves by the emancipation proclamation, he counted that a gain rather than a loss. In 1868 he came North with his family and settled in Ogle County, Illinois, where he lived three years, then came to Greene County. Mr. and Mrs. Forbes have four children — Eufus, Mary C, William and Samuel. Mr. Forbes was formerly an Old Line Whig, but since the war, has voted ihe Republican ticket. He was a staunch Union man during the war. i n iHii i?»2n|» ^fri i i " ILLIAM B. LIVINGSTON, Je., was born in Belmont County, Ohio, m April 25, 1836. In 1850 his father moved to Muskingum County, Ohio, where our subject lived until 1866, when he moved to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and two years later to Greene County. He bought a tract of wild land which he improved, getting his farm under good cultivation and erecting a com- modious residence and other buildings. He lived on this farm until 1881 when he moved to Churdan, where he now is engaged in the general mercantile business. He was mar- ried October 24, 1859, to Jennie G. Ganett, a native of Muskingum County, Ohio, born March 3, 1838, a daughter of J. M. and Mary Ganett. To them have been born two chil- dren— Eldora, wife of R. T. West, and Wil- liam A. In May, 1864, Mr. Livingston en- listed in Company G, One Hundred and Sixteenth Ohio Infantry and served until the »»■»■» B*i IB j MgtMj M M « — Hj«a» M l HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. following October. He is a member of the Baptist church. In politics he is a Repub- lican. » Si i; » l OHN BISH, one of the old pioneers of Greene County, was born in Highland County, Ohio, May 31, 1842, a son of Jacob Bish, who was born in Rockingham Cou n ty , West Yirginia. The father brought his family to Yan Buren County, Iowa, in the fall of 1849, and in the spring of 1850 removed to Boone County, settling on Des Moines River near the present site of Rapids Mills, and here the father pre-empted land which he improved. Here the family experi- enced many of the hardships and privations of pioneer life, being in limited circumstances. Corn was then $2 per bushel, the father pay- ing for it by working at fifty cents a day, and at that time there were nine persons in the family. Their nearest mill was forty miles distant. The country was then principally inhabited by Indians and wild animals, and their principal meat was wild game. They came to Greene County, Iowa, in 1854, settling in Washington Township. John Bish, the subject of this sketch, attended the rude log cabin subscription schools in his boyhood, receiving such education as could be obtained in the schools of that early day. He followed farming during the summers and in the winters followed trapping and hunting until 1861. August 10, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Tenth Iowa Infantry, as a private, and was discharged as Second Lieutenant, August 14, 1865. He took part in the battles of Chattanooga, Corinth, Iuka, Champion Hills, Mission Ridge, Vicksburg and others, and was wounded at the battles of Corinth and Mission Ridge. At the latter battle he was struck by a cannon ball and was carried off the field for dead. He was married November 23, 1865, to Miss Hattie E. Clark, a daughter of George Clark, deceased, who was an early settler of Greene County, having settled in Franklin Township in the spring of 1855. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Bish — Zuie A., born September 12, 1867 ; Charles, born May 13, 1875, died aged eight years, and Nora B., born April 16, 1878. Mr. Bish followed farming from the time he returned from the war till 1880, after which he was engaged in the mercantile business at Rippey for a time.' March 2, 1882, he was appointed postmaster of Rippey, resigning that office January 1, 1886. He owns land in Colorado. Since becoming a resident of Greene County he has held several offices of trust, including school director, road supervisor, and township trus- tee. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order. In his religious faith he is a Baptist. — m§*3h5*§»**» AMUEL E. WILSON has been a resi- dent of Bristol Township, Greene County, since 1869, where he has followed the avocation of farming. He was born in Grafton County, New Hampshire, January 13, 1841, son of William and Almira Wilson, residents of Jefferson. The family removed to Rock County, Wisconsin, in 1854, thence to Dane County in 1856. While living in the last named place, Samuel E. Wilson enlisted, February 26, 1862, as a soldier in Company H, Second Wisconsin Infantry, and served for three years in that gallant regiment, which, for heroic deeds of valor, earned, on many a bloody battle-field, a reputation second to no organization in the Army of the Potomac. Its ranks repleted again and again, that noble State sent new men to take the places of the slain. The pr i jWii^« ^m,m m m m Ks^^u m m„m„m m wi m m m m„m m wi S wrj i m^m„m m m m m n ,m B m u m^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 375 Second Wisconsin was a part of the renowned " Iron Brigade," so well known in history. At the second battle of Bull Kun, Mr. Wilson was wounded in the left leg, and he was again wounded at Gettysburg. A portion of his service was in an ambulance train and a portion as courier and orderly. He was honorably discharged February 26, 1865, and returned to Dane County, Wisconsin. May 23, 1867, he was united in marriage at Rich- land County, Wisconsin, with Mrs. Amy Standish, a lady who was orphaned in early youth. She was born in Iowa County, Wis- consin, in April 4, 1843. Mr. Wilson came to Greene County in 1869, as before stated. Of their five children, only two, Harold E. and Elmer L. are living. The deceased are John, Jessie and Abbie. Politically, Mr. Wilson has always affiliated with the Repub- lican party. H^ENRY BUCHER, residing on section 14, Bristol Township, has been a resi- dent of that township since 1874. His farm was then wild prairie. He was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, September 16, 1841, son of Martin and Mary Bucher, also natives of Pennsylvania. They came to Iowa in 1841, locating at Mount Vernon, Linn County, where the father worked at the blacksmith's trade several years, then removed to Cedar County, where he made a home on a farm and worked at his trade until his ad- vanced age compelled him to abandon it. The parents now live in Yates County, Ne- braska. Of their eleven children Henry was the third and the oldest now living. He re- mained with his parents until twenty-one years of age; then, in the fall of 1864, en- listed as a soldier in the Union army. He was a member of Company A, Sixteenth Iowa Infantry. He joined the army of General Sherman at Atlanta, and was in the glorious march to the sea. He started with the army on its campaign through the Carolinas, but while in South Carolina sickness compelled him to go to the hospital, where he remained four weeks. He was cared for at Buford, and was then sent to Long Island, where he was carried from the steamer to the hospital, on a stretcher, and for nine weeks had a dear fight for life. Later he was sent to the con- valescent camp at Keokuk, this State, and discharged at that place. He then returned to Cedar County and lived with his parents until September, 1870, when he married Miss Lena Herbst, daughter of Henry Herbst, a native of that county, born in 1850. They remained in Cedar County until 1874, then removed to their present home in Greene County, where they have a well-im- proved farm and a home with very pleasant surroundings. In the fall of 1886 Mr. Bucher bought an additional forty acres. They have four children — Minnie, Edward, Ebby and Bertie. Willie, Georgie, Amelia and an infant unnamed are deceased. Polit- ically Mr. Bucher is a Democrat. >-^H^«. iENJAMIN WINKELMAN, farmer, resides on section 19, Grant Township, where he owns 245 acres on sections 19 and 30. He settled there in December, 1856. The only improvements that had been made were about twenty acres broken, and a log cabin 16 x 18 had been built. There were but few settlements in the vicinity when he located there. On that farm Mr. Winkelman has lived for thirty years. It will be remem- bered that the winter he settled here was the winter of the famous deep snow and severe weather. They were very comfortable during ■— — *1 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. I* L I 3 51 ' 1 H the winter, and suffered but little from the severity of the season. He first purchased 320 acres of land, for which he paid $1,500. He was able to pay for it all, and had a few hundred dollars remaining. Their nearest mill was at Panora, about twenty miles dis- tant. On one occasion Mr. Winkelman sent his hired boys to mill. While there a severe rain storm came up, and Mr. Winkelman was obliged to ferry them back across the stream. Panora was also their nearest post- office. At that time there was no postoffice at Jefferson. The next year arrangements were made so that all Greene County mail was left at Des Moines, and when one of the residents of the county would go there he usually called at the postoffice for the Greene County mail, which would be left at some convenient place for distribution, usually at Jefferson. Mr. Winkelman has witnessed all the changes in this county, from its prim- itive wildness to its present flourishing condition. He was born at Canton Berne, Switzerland, August 17, 1818. He came to America with his parents in 1833, the family then consisting of parents and four children. The parents were Benjamin and Catherine Winkelman. They settled at Blue Creek, Franklin Cpunty, Indiana, on a farm, and eight years later removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, thence to Champaign County, Illinois, in 1843, where the mother died in 1854. The father died in Cincinnati in 1863. Three of the children are living — Annie, a resident of Champaign County, Illinois; Benjamin, our subject, and Catherine, who married Charles Stifel in Cincinnati. She lost her husband, then removed to St. Louis, Missouri, with her children. In 1880 she came to Greene County to visit her brother, whom she had not seen for twenty-eight years. She was taken sick the day after her arrival, and died two weeks later at the house of her brother. She left one son and four daughters in St. Louis. John, the youngest of the children, lives in California. Benjamin was married in Cincinnati in 1843, to Miss Margaret Phoner, a native of Germany, who died in Illinois in 1854. ' In 1852 Mr. Winkelman went the overland route to California and engaged in mining, returning in 1855. He was in California at the time of his wife's decease. He returned via the Isthmus of Panama, on the first passenger train that crossed the Isthmus. In February, 1855, he married his present wife, AngelineBush, of Vermillion County, Indiana, born in March, 1824. Mr. Winkelman remained in Illinois until he came to this county. He has three children by his first marriage — Catherine, John and Fred. By his second marriage are four children — James, Susan, Martha and William Sherman. Mary, the oldest, wife of James Ganoe, is deceased. Ella is also de- ceased, having lost her life under the follow- ing painful circumstances: On the evening of the 9th of May, 1885, Mrs. Winkelman and her daughter Ella were returning from Jefferson in a small spring wagon, James Ganoe being the driver. When crossing the Panora bridge, which spans Coon River, a span of the bridge gave way and all went down a distance of about twenty feet. Ella was so severely injured that she died the 10th day of June following. She was an amiable, intelligent and worthy young lady, beloved and respected by all who knew her. Her untimely death saddened the whole com- munity, and was a terrible affliction to her immediate family. She had a fine education, and had taught several terms of school. Mrs. Winkelman was also severely injured, and has never entirely recovered. Mr. and Mrs. Winkelman are worthy members of the Methodist church, and belong to that sturdy, honest pioneer element that is fast passing ■-■■■-■ ■ ■ ■■■■■■■■■■^■■■^■■ ■ ■ ■ ■■■ ■ ■■■■■■■■■■ [ ■■■■^ ■■■■■■■■■■^■^■■■■■■■■5»g«aE™ r BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 377 away. Mr. Winkelman cast his first vote in Iowa for James Buchanan, but since then has voted the [Republican ticket. He was per- sonally acquainted with President Lincoln, and voted for him at both elections. |HOMAS JAQUES, an old settler of Greene County, Iowa, residing in Wil- low Township, is a native of West- moreland, England, born January 30, 1816, a son of John and Dorothy (Dobson) Jaques. They were the parents of nine children — Nicholas D., Mary, Thomas, Ann, Dorothy, John, Elizabeth, Agnes and Anthony. Thom- as was reared in his native country till seven- teen years of age, when he went to Canada and settled near Hamilton. He was married in Canada March 1, 1841, to Miss Margaret Bird, who was born in Cumberland County, England, November 29, 1816. Her parents, Robert and Ann (Jackson) Bird, had a family of ten children — Elizabeth, Margaret, Esther, Samuel, Thomas, Mary, Joseph, William, Eobert and Sarah. To Mr. and Mrs. Jaques were born nine children, eight of whom are still living — Nicholas, Esther, John, Thomas, William, Benjamin, Agnes and Nettie. A daughter, Margaret, is deceased. Five of the children are living in Iowa; one son re- sides in Nebraska, and two daughters live in Dakota. Mr. Jaques lived in the vicinity of Hamilton until 1854, when he removed to Middlesex County, Ontario, remaining there till 1869. He then came with his family to Greene County, Iowa, when he settled on the farm in Willow Township, where he has since made his home. His son, Benjamin F., is one of the leading citizens of Willow Town- ship, where he is extensively engaged in stock breeding on section 14. He was born in Can- ada in 1854, was reared a farmer and educated in the common schools. He came to Greene County with his parents in 1869, and has been very successful in his agricultural pur- suits. The Jaques farm is one of the largest in Willow Township, and is under a fine state of cultivation. They have a fine two- story residence, built in modern style, and good out-buildings for the accommodation of their stock, feed-lots and a good wind-mill. Thomas Jaques, the father, is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Postoflice, Bayard, Guthrie County, Iowa. SEV. JOHN C. CARTER, pastor of the Baptist church at Grand Junction, is a native of Illinois, born in Clinton Coun- ty March 25, 1849, a son of Wiley L. Carter, now deceased, who was a native of the same county. His grandfather, John Car- ter, settled in Illinois in its territorial days. He was a soldier in the Black Hawk war. Our subject was reared to the avoca- tion of a farmer. He was educated princi- pally in Shurtliff College, of Alton, Illinois, graduating from that institution in 1881. He also attended the Agricultural College at Irvington, Illinois, for one year. He engaged in the ministry before finishing his college course, having been ordained at Diamond Springs church, in Clinton County, Illinois, in January, 1876. At the time of his grad- uation he was preaching in Troy, Illinois. In January, 1882, he came to Iowa and had charge of the church at Bowman's Grove, Shelby County, until May, 1883, when he went to Logan County, remaining there until the latter part of 1885, and January 1, 1886, he assumed the charge of the church at Grand Junction. May 11, 1876, he was united in marriage to Miss Lizzie Marshall, daugh- ter of Thomas Marshall, deceased. Of the 378 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. five children born to this union four are liv- ing — G-race T., Alva G., Gilman K. and Bay. Mr. Carter is a member of the Odd Fellows order. , gJ|ILLIAM P. SEAMAN, of the firm m of Seaman & Eoberts, proprietors of j^n the Eureka Mills in Jackson Town- ship, has been a resident of Greene County since 1866. He was born in Springfield, Illi- nois, December 23, 1839, son of John and Jane (Broadwell) Seaman, the former a native of Ohio, and the latter of St. Louis, Mis- souri. He remained with his parents until he reached his majority. Upon the breaking out of the civil war he volunteered in August, 1861, in defense of his country, becoming a member of Company C, Eleventh Missouri Infantry. At that time the quota of Illinois under all former calls had been filled, and Illinois men who felt it a duty to enter the service organized in large numbers as Mis- souri volunteers. The Eleventh Missouri was under General Pope, and participated in the siege of Corinth and in the succeeding cam- paign at the same place. During a violent wind storm which occurred August 14, 1862, after the occupation of Corinth, Mr. Seaman was injured by the falling of a tree while standing in his tent. Both of his legs were broken, and it became necessary to amputate his right leg below the knee. Of course this ended his army life. He now receives a pension. Returning to his home in Illi- nois, he remained, in the employ of his father on the farm in Sangamon County until 1866. Soon after he came to Greene County, and engaged in farming in Jackson Township. In August, 1877, he traded his farm property for a half interest in the Eureka Mills, since which time he has given his entire attention ( to the milling business. The building is 30 x 40 feet, two stories and basement, fitted with three sets of burrs and two sets of rollers. The mill receives its power from the North Coon Biver, and it is considered one of the best mill properties in this part of Iowa. It is doing an extensive business, and satisfies all its patrons. ' In 1869 Mr. Seaman was married to Miss Amanda, daughter of Isaac Seaman, who died about two years later, leaving one child — Maggie Stella. For his second wife he married Miss Sarah Capps, daughter of Henry Capps, and they have four children — Florence, Bertha, Charles and William. Mr. Seaman owns an improved farm on section 36, Bristol Township. Po- litically he affiliates with the Republican party. J|raiLLIAM H. BISTLLNE, engaged in wffiH farming and stock-raising on section l-*pT? 17, Junction Township, was born in Perry County, Pennsylvania, June 23, 1850, a son of George and Elizabeth (Bird) Bist- line, the father being a native of Penn- sylvania. Our subject was reared to the avocation of a farmer, his father being a farmer by occupation, and his education was received in the common schools and in Bloomfield Academy in his native county. He came to Ogle County, Illinois, in 1871, where he was united in marriage January 16, 1872, to Miss Mary Barrick, a daughter of Jacob Barrick, a resident of Ogle County. Six children have been born to this union — Elizabeth E., Jennie B., Grace, Charles (de- ceased), "William and Ethel. In 1876 Mr. Bistline visited his old home in Pennsyl- vania, and also visited the Centennial Exhibi- tion at Philadelphia. The same year he came to Iowa, locating in Tama County, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 379 where he made his home till March, 1881. Pie then came to Greene County and has since followed farming on his present farm, which contains eighty acres of well-cultivated land. The father of our subject was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, serving nine months in Company E, Two Hundred and Eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, participating in the battles of Nashville and Fredericks- burg. He was of German ancestry, his great- grandfather coming from that country and settling in Pennsylvania, where his father was born. The maternal great-grandfather of our subject, George Miller, served as a soldier in the Revolutionary war. The mother of our subject was also of German ancestry, her name being originally Yogel, the name being changed to Bird on the arrival of her ancestors in this country. Undoubtedly Mrs. Bistline would have fallen heir to a share of a large amount of money due to her family had the name not been changed. Margaret Barrick, the grandmother of Mrs. W. H. Bistline, died in 1882, at the advanced age of 106 years. She was born in Pennsylvania, and during her life was never out of her native State. ►3W-J- |R. CASTANUS B. PARK, physician and banker at Grand Junction, was born in Grafton, Yermont, December 14, 1834, son of Castanus B. Park, a native of the same place, once a prominent merchant of Grafton, now deceased. He was educated at Chester Academy, at Chester, Vermont, and graduated at Albany Medical College, New York, June 10, 1856. The same year he came to Darlington, Wisconsin, where he practiced one year, thence to St. Ansgar, Mitchell County, Iowa, in 1857, practicing 29 two years, then returned to his native town, where he practiced until 1862. He was then commissioned Surgeon of the Sixteenth Yer- mont Infantry, serving nine months, when his term expired. Soon after this his regi- ment presented him with a silver tea-set, as a manifestation of their appreciation of his services, accompanied by affectionate remarks of tribute. He was again commissioned Sur- geon of the First Yermont Heavy Artillery, and assigned to duty in the Yermont Heavy Artillery October 3, 1863. We quote the following from a book entitled " Yermont Brigade in the Shenandoah Yalley," written by Lieutenant-Colonel A. F. Walker: "But among all the faithful soldiers of the brigade, the one who will be the longest remembered with affection, and with the greatest reason, is Castanus B. Park, of the Eleventh Regi- ment, the Brigade Surgeon. As a worker, Dr. Park was indefatigable, and his skill was equal to the requirements of his position. Of all its medical staff the brigade was justly proud, the assistant surgeons as well as the surgeons being always found at their posts, and shrinking from no labor that might ben- efit the men on their march, in the camp or in the battle. Their duties were often ex- tremely arduous. In case of an engagement, their work was but just begun when ours was over. After the battle of Cedar Creek Dr. Park was at his table forty-eight consecutive hours, and during this campaign it was his duty to perform all the capital operations required in the brigade. The number of amputa- tions which he performed was exceedingly large ; but he traced with care the subsequent history of each patient, and in no single case did one fail of recovery. This fact speaks equally well for the physique of the men and the science of the doctor." Regarding the present mentioned, the following is quoted from the Bellows Falls (Yermont) Times, of 1 " .._ October 23, 1863: « Dr. C. B. Park, Dear Sir: Your visible connection with our regi- ment as its Surgeon, has ceased, but the re- membrance of your fidelity, energy and unceasing care, will live long in the hearts of its individual members. In the first place, you won our confidence by manifesting a skill in the art of healing which few possess; then by untiring diligence and continued watch- fulness, you almost robbed disease of its ter- rors and death of its victims. But this is not all. Your whole intercourse with us was characterized by gentlemanly deportment and kindly consideration. Neither the annoy- ances of dealing with unpleasant subjects, nor the necessary inconveniences of camp life, in- duced neglect or sourness. In order to mani- fest our appreciation of your services, the accompanying silver-ware has been selected, and I have the honor of presenting it to you in behalf of the enlisted men of the Sixteenth Vermont Regiment. Accept it, not for its intrinsic value, but for the memories which cluster around it. Receive it as an expres- sion of grateful remembrance from hearts which have been quickend to nobler emotions by devotion to the principles of freedom and humanity. I am yours respectfully, "Lyman E. Khapp." The doctor came to Poweshiek County, Iowa, in 1867, and to Grand Junction two years later, hoping to quit his practice alto- gether; but his reputation followed him, almost compelling him to practice a portion of the time. He established a lumber yard in Grand Junction, it being the first in the place. He also built a warehouse, bought grain and sold implements. He also bought considerable real estate, and sold all the coal here for several years. He introduced the first herd of short-horn cattle in Greene County. He then sold ont all his other busi- ness except his farm and stock, and in 1879 built and started the banking house of C. B. Park, at Grand Junction. In 1882 he sold his farm and stock, and now does general banking business. He was married July 3, 1856, to Nancy D. Carlton, daughter of Jo- seph Carlton, now deceased. She is a native of Andover, Vermont. They have had three children, only one living — Jennie M., who is attending Callanan College at Des Moines. One child died in infancy, and William L. was accidentally shot, June 15, 1886. He was a bright, promising young man, and a graduate of the State University of Iowa City. He was twenty-five years old. All mourn his untimely death and his family are grieved beyond measure. The doctor is a member of the State Medical Society, and be- longs to the Masonic fraternity. He has held the office of county supervisor for nine years. ILLIAM SHEARMAN, a prominent farmer of Jackson Township, located on section 26 in 1870. He first bought forty acres of land on the prairie, which he rapidly improved and made pro- ductive. By honesty, industry and economy he has increased his number of acres to 160, and now owns one of the best farms in Greene County. Mr. Shearman was born in England November 6, 1841, in Lincolnshire. His parents, Matthew and Maria Shearman, are still living on the old homestead. He was the sixth of a family of eleven children, of whom his brothers, James and Joseph, are in this country. None of the others have ever left England. Our subject left England in May, 1869, with a capital of $500, hoping to better his chances in life in this broad country. His brother James, who had pre- ceded him twelve years before, was living in I BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 381 Clinton County, Iowa. He lived with his brother for a time, then found employment at a packing and malt-honse on Rock Island, and a portion of the time was an employe of a Government contractor of arsenal buildings. March 25, 1873, he was married at Rock Island to Miss Elizabeth Holden, daughter of Joseph Holden, who was born in Ireland, and came to the United States in May, 1867. They have two sons — William and Archie. Mr. and Mrs. Shearman are worthy members of the Church of England. ►$«$* |EV. LYMAN STILSON was born in Meredith, Delaware County, New York, January 29, 1805, where he grew to manhood. He engaged in teaching at the early age of seventeen, near his home, a vocation which proved pleasant to himself and beneficial to others during many years of his after life. He engaged in the business of marble cutting in the intervals of teach- ing, but finding the dust injurious to his lungs he turned his attention to organ building, and settled upon that as his life work. But God had something better awaiting him. He was converted and united with West Mere- dith Baptist church January 17, 1830, Rev. W. Kingsley, pastor. He entered Madison University (then called Hamilton Literary and Theological Institute) in 1833, one year in advance, and graduated in 1836. He remained as resident graduate some months to study Hebrew under Dr. Conant. Incidents of great interest were transpiring meanwhile. Mr. and, Mrs. Wade, with two natives from Burmah, were there seeking helpers in the work of foreign missions. Four students, Dean, Comstock, Vinton and Howard had given themselves to the work. Mr. S. seeing his duty in the same direction, was ordained to the gospel ministry in July, 1837. He was soon married to Miss Lucretia Brownson, a lady admirably fitted, as her after record shows, to be his companion in toil and sacri- fice; and on the 28th of October following, in company with the Revs. D. L. Brayton and E. A. Stevens and their wives, all of whom are still living and laboring there, they sailed for Maulmain, Burmah, arriving Feb- ruary 19, 1838. Here he was met by Jud- son, Osgood, Haswell, Ingalls and Comstock, some of whom had been driven thither by sickness elsewhere. Here he remained one year studying the language. His destination had been A.va, the capital; but owing to a revolution there, making it impossible to do mission work except covertly, he went to Arracan with Comstock, where he remained seven years. During this time occurred the noted visit of the mountain chief from Kemee Hills, begging the missionaries to come and teach his people, promising to build a house and a chapel. Mr. Kincaid and Mr. Stilson visited the chief, the latter removing his family and remaining long enough to acquire and reduce their language to writing, in which he afterward prepared some elementary books and a catechism. A brief notice of the Kemee language may be found written by him in the Journal of the Oriental Society, Vol. 8, No. 1. Rev. H. E. Knapp and wife were sent out in 1849, but their early death buried the hopes of that interesting people in the dust, and rendered useless the labors and sacrifices of Mr. and Mrs. Stilson. In February, 1843, Mr. and Mrs. Kincaid came to America for health. Soon Mrs. Comstock and two children died, and in just one year Mr. Comstock followed them, dying of cholera in Mr. Stilson's house. During his residence in Arracan he was repeatedly urged to prepare works in arithmetic, geography and other branches for the use of schools, as 382 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. ho was admirably adapted to such work. Henceforth his time was divided between preaching, teaching and the preparation of books. Illustrations were needed, but no engravers were at hand. His mind being fertile in resources, he soon acquired sufficient knowledge of the art to overcome all ob- stacles in that line. No maps had been printed. He commenced with maps illus- trating Scripture history, and followed with others as needed. There being no press in Arracan, necessitated his removal to Maul- main, where he prepared other books, many of which are still in use in the schools of the mission. Soon after his arrival in Maulmain he was called to the office of mission treasurer, which he held till his health wholly failed. During this term of office, while sitting alone in his study on the evening of September 12, 1847, an armed band of ten robbers came to his house; three entered and demanded money. He resisted; a fearful struggle en- sued in which he nearly lost his life, the scars of which he carried to his grave. In the loss of blood by these injuries was laid the foundation of the disease that necessitated his leaving Burmah. The extra labor required to secure means to send the venerable Judson on his last health-seeking trip, but which was rather his ocean grave, and Dr. Binney and wife on their return to America was the immediate cause. From that time he never knew perfect health. In August, 1851, his devoted companion died of consumption, leaving him with four motherless children, three of whom, Mrs. Turrill, superintendent of schools of Greene County, Iowa; IS". P. Stilson, surveyor in Montana, and Miss Sarah L., teacher in the Central High School in Brooklyn, New York, and three grandchildren are his only descendants now living. He left Burmah with his children in December, 1851, arriving in New York June 30, 1852. He soon after settled in Nunda, New York, for the benefit of schools for his children. In December, 1853, he married Miss M. A. Paine, of Nunda, who died March 30, 1857. His eldest son, Miner T., died October 21, 1856, in his sixteenth year, a remarkably promising youth, just ready to enter college, and equally ready to enter the higher courts of the King of Kings. On July 15, 1858, he was married by his old friend, Rev. Will- iam Dean, D. D., to Miss H. E. T. Wright, of Rochester, New York, who still survives him. She was a missionary, teaching in the Karen Normal School in Maulmain, in charge of Dr. Binney, and returned an almost help- less invalid. The issue of that union was two sons, born in Nunda, New York — Charlie Lyman, who died in Des Moines June 2, 1883, having attained an enviable reputation as an artist, aged twenty-three years, and Edwin Parker, equally gifted as a mathe- matician and artisan, who died in Jefferson August 28, 1879, aged eighteen years. The latter was converted and baptized in Nunda in his tenth year, the former in Jefferson in his sixteenth year. The peculiarly afflictive circumstances of the death of these two promising sons, on whom he had hoped to lean as he passed down the declivity of life, were always mourned, but resignedly. The blessing promised to those who can see the Father's loving hand in chastisement was his. He was a resident of Jefferson the last fifteen years of his life, but was able to engage but little in the activities of life, and yet his heart was ever open to whatever pro- moted the glory of God or the good of humanity. In truth and integrity he was unswerving. He was a dutiful son, an affec- tionate brother, a kind husband, an indulgent father, but, best of all, a faithful, earnest Christian. His devotion to the great work to which he consecrated his ripened man- BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 383 hood was evident to the last. His mind was clear, and his patience in all his sufferings was remarkable, as he was never known to utter a murmuring word. "When his loving companion bent over him, expressing a wish that she might bear part of his pain for him, he said, "It is all right, it is all right, God knows best." He more than once expressed anxiety for the comfort of those who were caring for him. In answer to questions from Rev. Eells and others, he expressed assurance of the Lord's presence. Among other mes- sages for the absent he said, with strong emphasis: " Gather the church together and tell them to trust only in Christ for salva- tion." His daily prayers for them are now ended. He rests from his labors, but his works follow him. M. FERGUSON, was born in Har- rison County, Ohio, July 29, 1857, t-Jp^l® the youngest son of Benjamin M. and Cynthia (Haskins) Ferguson. He went to school until fifteen years old, when, with- out having ever been under instruction, he took up the "art preservative" in company with a younger companion, and published a small paper. In two years he left home and engaged in the office of the Cadiz Sentinel, serving a three years' apprenticeship, being however, promoted to the foremanship after the first six months. He next went to New- comerstown, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, there establishing a paper called the Eye, and successfully managing it for over a year, when he disposed of his interest and retired for a short time. Next, he and his brother purchased an office in Coshocton, Ohio, and January 1, 1880, started the Coshocton Commonwealth, which met with gratifying success. In April, 1881, he came to Jeffer- son, this county, and was employed on the Bee until the spring of 1885, being for one year a partner in the proprietorship of that paper. April 4, 1885, as above stated, he established .the Sowvenir, to which he has since devoted his time and energies. He was married May 14, 1884, to Miss Anna King, of Panora, this State. In politics, Mr. Fer- guson is a Democrat. c-5«-»S-« M. HEAD is a son of "William M. and Margaret (Fernau) Head, natives ' of Kentucky and Ohio, respectively. They were married in Ohio, and came to Iowa, in 1855. They now live at Jefferson, advanced in years. Their son, A. M., was born in Highland County, Ohio, May 24, 1855, and in October following was brought by his parents to Iowa. He lived in Powe- shiek County until 1872, and then came to Greene County. For six years he was employed in the Greene County Bank, and then he entered upon the practice of law, being successively a member of the firms of A. & A. M. Head, Head, Henderson & Head, and Head & Church. In 1880 he was elected recorder of Greene County, and that position he held during 1881 and 1882. He then became cashier of the Greene County Bank, and remained in that institution until Janu- ary 1, 1886. Since then he has devoted him- self to real estate loans, and to the Souvenir, in which he bought a half interest in Septem- ber, 1885. He was married October 5, 1875, to Eva F. Child, of Jefferson. They have been given four children — Albert E., Bessie (deceased), Pearl and Hazel. Mr. Head is politically a Republican. He has been actively identified with the Greene County Agricultural Society, of which he was treasurer for two years and is now secretary: ,!Ml, M „ Wrj 384 HISTORY OF OMB ENE OOUNTY. 1 He is a member of the following secret societies: Eminaus Commandery, No. 35, K. T.; Corner Stone Chapter, No. 64, E. A. M.; Morning Star Lodge, No. 103, A. F. & A. M.; Jefferson Encampment, No.. 103, I. O. O. F.; Greene Lodge, No. 315, I. O. O. F.; and Garfield Lodge, No. 62, K. P. ►3«fH»3»-t5*P7S*l1-»©*- ILLIAM C. STREAM, one of the pioneers of Bristol Township, resides on section 10. He visited this county in June, 1868, and purchased 160 acres of land on section 9, in company with J. L. Boggs. He then returned to his home in Linn County, this State. On the evening of December 24, 1868, he was married to Miss Mary Mathews, and after purchasing his land, he brought his wife to Greene County. He divided his purchase with Mr. Boggs, and bought 160 acres on section 10, upon which he made his home, and where he has since resided. His last purchase of land constitutes his farm, and it is unques- tionably one of the best farms in Greene County. Mr. Stream was born in Licking County, Ohio, April 14, 1834, son of Eli and Mary (Waters) Stream, both of whom were born, reared and married in Virginia. Two ■ ■■■■WM^—M" BjgggBJBgBBBgMgB ■aM-»-» M M M M»B,BI M Mt_ai,M,»„W„»,W»ll M H M a M ,B M IM_M»M M M M l»»M M m m W M M M Mi» M W M M«B|,WaMB BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 387 weeks after their marriage they left their native State for Ohio, and later, removed to Linn County, this State, both dying in Put- nam Township, that county, the father in February, 1863, and the mother in June, 1870. They were of German descent. Of their fourteen children, "William 0. was the second child and eldest son. He remained with his parents until he was thirty-five years of age, with the exception of a term of service in the war for the Union. March 9, 1854, he came to Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and in the fall of that year, his parents came with the remainder of the family, and all settled in Putnam Township. After renting land a short time the father purchased an improved farm, where he and his wife passed the remain- der of their days. August 9, 1862, Mr. Stream enlisted in Company G, Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry, Captain W. W. Smith commanding. The regiment was in General Hovey's division in the campaign which culminated in the capture of Vicksburg. Our subject was first under fire at Fort Gibson, was in the battle at Champion Hills, siege of Vicksburg, under General Sherman at the second battle of Jack- son, and later, the regiment was transferred to the gulf department and became a part of the Nineteenth Corps. His regiment was in the disastrous Red River campaign, Com- pany G losing quite heavily. After a period of inactivity, in August, 1864, the Nineteenth Corps was transferred to the East and became a part of General Sheridan's army, and was in all the campaigns of that army. Mr. Stream was under Sheridan in the battles at Winchester, Woodstock, and the famous battle of Cedar Creek, where he had the pleasure of seeing Sheridan as he came upon the battle field, and he exchanged greetings with that general. The corps joined General Sherman's command at Savannah, where they were left by that general, and later, sent to Moorehead City, South Carolina, where, during the closing scenes of the war, they were guarding lines of communication with Sherman's army, and other duties. Mr. Stream was discharged as Third Sergeant, at Savannah, some time after the cessation of hostilities, and reached his home in Linn County three years to a day from the date of his enlistment. Mr. Stream is as loyal a citizen as he was a soldier, and his record is one of unimpeachable honor. His wife died October 5, 1880, aged thirty-six years and six months. The youngest child, Willie, died three days after her death, aged eight days. The other children are — Maggie, Laura, Harvey, Orrin and Cora. All are living except Laura, who, after many years of uncomplaining suffering, was called to the better life October 5, 1886, the anniversary of her mother's death, aged fifteen years, nine months and twenty-five days. October 3, 1881, Mr. Stream married Mrs. Rebecca (DeLong) Cairns, widow of Alexander Cairns, who died at his home in Bristol Township, February 1, 1872, under very distressing cir- cumstances. In some unknown manner his dwelling took fire. Mr. Cairns, his family, his brother Henry Cairns and his family, and Henry DeLong, were inmates. In the attempt to rescue their families Alexander and Henry Cairns lost their lives, and two young children of Henry Cairns also perished. By his second marriage Mr. Stream has one child — Maud Luella. Mrs. Stream had four children by her first marriage, only one of whom is living — Ernest Cairns, now just twenty years of age. The deceased are — Nellie, Mattie and Zonia. Mr. Stream's brothers living in Bristol Township are — Perry, Calvin, Wilson and Charles G. One brother, Fenton M., lives in Jefferson. A sister, Mrs. Diantha Lawrence, also lives in Jefferson. Mrs. Mary Ann Langdon and 388 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. Mrs. Eliza Jane Moorehead live in Linn County, this State. Mrs. Yirginia Preston lives in Licking County, Ohio. One brother and three sisters died young of scarlet fever, in Licking County, before the family left that State. Mr. Stream is a member of the Pres- byterian church, and in politics is an ardent Republican. ^ILSON STREAM, son of Elias and Mary Ann Stream, was born April 10, 1848, in Licking County, Ohio. In the fall of 1855 he came with his parents to Linn County, this State, where he was reared and where he lived until coming to Greene County. He settled on section 10, Bristol Township, where he owns a fine farm of 160 acres, which he has improved and cul- tivated from a state of nature. He came to this county in 1874, and at first made his home with his brothers, William C. and Cal- vin, until his marriage with Miss Ophelia West, daughter of Mrs. Rose West, of Bristol Township. This marriage took place January 1, 1878. Mr. Stream purchased his land in 1875, and had made many improvements previous to his marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Stream have three children — Elsie Bell, Ida E. and Chauncey E. Politically Mr. Stream is a Republican. --•§*3m*»§»~» ff E. BERRY, farmer, section 27, Green- brier Township, was born in Davis 13 County, Iowa, April 23, 1846, son of James and Nancy (McConnell) Berry, who reared a family of eight children — Thomas, J. E., John, Samuel, Ephraim, Margaret, William and Mary E. Mr. Berry was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. He learned the cooper's trade, and has followed it many, years. He was married March 9, 1873, to Lucinda Breeding, daugh- ter of Alexander Breeding, a prominent pio- neer of Davis County. In 1879 he came to this county, locating upon his present farm, which was then in its wild state. He has since made good improvements, has a com- fortable house, and good barn and orchard. His farm consists of 120 acres of as good land as can be found in Greene County. Mr. and Mrs. Berry have two sons — William Guy, born May 1, 1876, and Thomas G., born June 20, 1881. Politically Mr. Berry is a Repub- lican, and has served four years creditably as township clerk. He takes an active in- terest in educational matters, and in the im- provement of Greene County. » 3n£ « OHN E. PETTIT, real estate dealer and loan agent at Grand Junction, was born ^ in Columbiana County, Ohio, town of Salem, August 10, 1848, a son of Andrew Pettit, also a native of Columbiana County, born July 2, 1813, and now a resident of Grand Junction. He was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools of Me- chanicsville, Iowa, where his parents settled in 1854. His mother was formerly Mary Elliott, born July 6, 1817, in Columbiana County. The parents had nine children, seven of whom are living. John was the fifth child. He clerked in a dry goods store in Mechanicsville for seven years, coming to Grand Junction in 1871. He was engaged in farming for one year, then embarked in the mercantile trade for a time. In the meantime he was engaged in the mercantile business temporarily in Osceola in .1882, nearly a year in each place, but Grand Junc- tion has been his home since 1871. His BIOGBAPHIQAL SKETCHES. mother is a direct descendant of John D. Elliott, an English Quaker who came to the United States in the Mayflower. He was married September 22, 1882, to Miss Mary Peddicord, daughter of John Peddicord, now deceased. She was born in Winnebago County, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Elliott have two children — Estella and Charles. Mr. Elliott owns eighty acres of land northeast of Grand Junction, and has 279 acres in Nebraska. He served as mayor over a year, but resigned after the second election. He belongs to the Odd Fellows and Masonic fra- ternities, and also to the Knights of Labor. **-«> l> * S H ^ f-g*^-* ^ ^ON. J. J. EUSSELL, one of the leading members of the Greene County bar, has been a resident of Jefferson since 1867, and has been constantly engaged in the practice of his profession since that time — a period of twenty years. Upon entering into practice here, he formed a partnership with Captain Albert Head, which continued, how- ever, but a brief period. He was then alone in practice for a short interval, then formed a partnership with G. S. Toliver, with whom he has since been associated. Mr. Russell is a native of the " Old Bay State," having been born in Franklin County, Massachusetts, in 1839. He resided in his native county until sixteen years of age, when, becoming pos- sessed with the spirit of Western adventure, he resolved to " go West," and one bright morning in October, took the stage and started westward. He came as far as White- side County, Illinois, where he remained for some time. He studied law with Fred Sack- ett, Esq., and was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Illinois, at Ottawa, April 14, 1866. He was a law student at the time the war broke out, and he offered his services to the Government in the first call for volun- teers to aid in the suppression of the Re- bellion. He enlisted for three months; but at the time of his enlistment the quota was full, and he went into camp at Dixon, await- ing another call for troops. He then en- listed in Company B, Thirteenth Illinois In- fantry, for three years. His regiment was commanded by Colonel Wyman. He served as a private for a time, and was promoted to Sergeant, and after the siege of Vicksburg he was made Lieutenant of his company. His service in the army extended over a pe- riod of three and a half years. He partici- pated in many of the important events of the war, and his record as a soldier is emi- nently honorable. The first part of his ser- vice was in Missouri. He was with General Sherman in the first attack on Vicksburg, where Colonel Wyman was killed, and the regiment lost 117 men in killed and wounded within the space of a few minutes. He participated with his regiment in the capture of Arkansas Post, in the grand siege of Vicksburg, and in the memorable battle of Lookout Mountain. He was mustered out of the service in the summer of 1864, his term of enlistment having expired. He then resumed the study of law, and was admitted, as before stated, in 1866. It will be ob- served that the professional life of Mr. Rus- sell has been spent in Greene County. His time, however, has not been entirely spent in the practice of his profession. In 1872 he was elected to the State Senate of Iowa, and the ability and faithfulness with which he discharged his duties as Senator, is indicated by the fact that he served in that capacity for twelve years. He is the present attorney of Greene County, and has served in that capacity for many years. In 1870 he was sent to Washington to settle with the Gov- ernment for swamp lands of the State. His mission was so successful that a settlement that was highly satisfactory was secured. In 1860 he was one of the five commissioners appointed by the President of the United States to make a treaty with the Ute Indians for the purpose of securing the reservation of the latter. New lands were selected, and the Indians were located in Utah. Mr. Rus- sell was a candidate from his district for Con- gress, in the convention of 1886, and came within two votes of the nomination. In Jan- uary, 1876, the City Bank of Jefferson was organized by Charles Bofink, J. J. Russell and M. B. McDuffie. Mr. Bofink was made president, and Mr. McDuffie cashier. The former is still president of the bank, and in 1886 E. B. Hughes was appointed cashier. The three parties just mentioned held all the stock in the bank until 1886, when Mr. Hughes took a fourth interest. Mr. Russell was married in October, 1868, to Miss Mary McDuffie, a native of western New York, and they have one daughter, Helen, born in 1870. Mr. Russell is a Republican in politics, and has been connected with that organization ever since he attained his majority. As a lawyer, he sustains an excellent reputation, and an equally honorable reputation as a citi- zen. f ! AMES E. MOSS, farmer, section 27, Kendrick Township, was born in the town of Champlain, State of New York, October 21, 1843. His father, James Moss, was born December 20, 1790, and was a soldier in the war of 1812. His mother was Sarah (Moore) Moss. They were the parents of seven children — James E., Charles, Sophia, Dexter, Sarah, Henrietta and Henry. "When \ James E. was seven years of age his parents 5 removed to Cattaraugus County, where they resided about four years, then removed to Kendall County, Illinois. He was educated principally at Little Rock, Illinois. August 10, 1861, he enlisted in Company E, Thirty- sixth Illinois Infantry, with N. Greusel as Colonel, Ed. S. Joslyn as Lieutenant-Colonel, and -A. Barry, Major. He participated in the battles of Pea Ridge, Murfreesboro, Chick- amauga and Missionary Ridge, where he was wounded by a minie-ball in the left leg, which was amputated November 25, 1863. He was confined in the hospital at Chatta- nooga, Tennessee, for two months, and after- ward at Marine hospital, Chicago, and was honorably discharged September 29, 1864. He returned to his home, and the same year removed to Paw Paw, De Kalb County, Illi- nois, where he resided until 1879, then came to Greene County, Iowa, and settled upon his present farm. He bought the farm of Mrs. Frances McDermott. Mr. Moss owns 670 acres of as good land as can be found in Greene County. He has a fine two-story residence, well furnished, a large, commodi- ous barn, and numerous other out-buildings for stock and grain, a grove of 6,000 trees, an orchard, and everything about the prem- ises shows the thrift and energy of the pro- prietor. He is president of the Scranton Norman Horse Company, who own some of the best imported horses in the State. He keeps about 170 head of cattle, besides a large number of other stock of the best breeds. Mr. Moss was married October 25, 1867, to Miss Susan A. Powers, daughter of N. H. and Catherine (Hart) Powers. Her father was a member of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry, and was wounded at Shiloh. The G. A. R. post at Scranton was named in his honor. He came to this county from Paw Paw, Illinois, and died December 10, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Moss are the parents of three children — Frances L., Laura A. and Jennie P. J! ^ ■ ^ ■ ■■ ■ ■ ■ ^ ■ ^■^ ■ .■-' ■ ~ « m «s g-w»"-'^^^^g^^j7jr^?^ ,a L""-^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 391 Politically Mr. Moss is a Eepublican, and a strong adherent of the principles he fought to preserve, but he has never sought political notoriety. He is commander of N. H. Pow- ers Post, G. A. P., at Scranton. SkEWIS B. THOMAS, general merchant W/ff and proprietor of Thomas' Opera House ^^ at Angus, was born in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, November 26, 1833. His father, Benjamin D. Thomas, deceased, was a native of Wales, and came to America in 1833, settling in Pennsylvania. He was a miner by occupation, and our subject was reared in the mining districts of Luzerne, Carbon and Schuylkill counties, receiving a common school education. In the fall of 1853 he went to California and mined gold until 1861, and in the fall of that year came to Coal Yalley, Pock Island County, and followed the mercantile trade for twenty years. He then came to Angus and built his present store, 40 x 80 feet. In 1884 he built an addition of eighty feet, making it 40 x 120 feet. An opera hall extends over the whole building. He carries a capital stock of $15,000 to $18,000, consisting of dry goods, clothing, groceries, hats and caps, boots and shoes, queen's-ware, glassware, woodenware, miner's supplies, provisions, notions, wall paper, trunks and valises, and everything usually kept in a first-class general store. He does an annual business of $40,- 000 to $50,000. Three of his sons assist in the store besides two other clerks. He was married December 25, 1862, to Mary M. Jones, daughter of Thomas T. Jones, of Montana. Six of their nine children are living — Harvey L., Ira B., Albert E., Orville, Edna M. and Lewis J. March 11, 1885, Mrs. Thomas passed away to the life beyond loved and lamented by all. She was a mem- ber of the Methodist church and a good Christian. Mr. Thomas is a member of the Masonic order, chapter and commandery, the Knights of Pythias, Odd Fellows en- campment, and Ancient Order of United Workmen. His sons, Harvey and Ira, are members of the Knights of Pythias. Mr. Thomas served as city treasurer one term, and is now treasurer of the Masonic lodge. Harvey is chancellor commander in Knights of Pythias. Harvey, Ira and Orville are members of the Angus band. ►*-»£* ILLIAM A. ELM OPE, an active and enterprising citizen of Greene County, engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 14, Dawson Township, is a native of Indiana, born in Union County November 11, 1840, he being the eldest of four children of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Beard) Elmore, the father being a native of Tennessee, and the mother of North Carolina, both now deceased. William A. was reared to the avocation of a farmer, assisting his father on the home farm till eighteen years of age. He then began working by the month, and was so engaged about four years, with the exception of one year when he farmed -for himself. April 11, 1863, he was married to Miss Kesiah Grifford, who was born in Preble, Ohio, January 14, 1846, a daughter of Andrew and Sarah (Edgerton) Grifford, who were natives of North Carolina and New Jersey respectively. They were the parents of four children, two sons and two daughters, of whom Mrs. Elmore was the youngest. Mr. and Mrs. Elmore have six children — Minnie J., born October 1, 1864, is now the wife of Isaac Benford, of Dakota; Edgar G., born January 19, 1866, married Mary Edgerton; 'g g a' 392 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. Elvin C, born June 6, 1868; Charlie B., born June 1, 1870; Sarah E., born July 11, 1874, and Anna P., born April 17, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Elmore and their family are members of the Society of Friends. "When Mr. Elmore bought his farm in Dawson Township, but little improvement had been made. He has since erected a commodious and substantial residence and other farm buildings, and has brought his land under gpod cultivation. He has a very fine orchard on his land, also a maple grove, and is now classed among the well-to-do farmers of Wil- low Township. In politics he casts his suffrage with the Republican party. PostofHce, Paton, Iowa. J||||||ABREN E - AMES, farmer and stock- "fffljmlf raiser, section 10, Junction Township, [— «JfeH is a native of New York, born in Cicero, Onondaga County, September 24, 1828, a son of John Ames, a native of Ver- mont. His father was a carpenter and join- er, and in his youth he worked at the same trade. He also learned the cooper's trade, at which he worked a number of years. In 1847 he went to Ogle County, Illinois, where he worked at the carpenter's trade five years, and then began farming, which he has since followed. He came to Iowa in 1874, and in November of that year settled on a farm in Grand Junction, and in March, 1875, settled on the farm where he now lives. He owns 120 acres of valuable land, and his building improvements are comfortable and conven- ient. He was married October 1, 1848, to Guitan Vine, and to them were born seven children — George, Henry, Alva, Mary, Ella, Harriet and Minnie. The last two are de- ceased. Mrs. Ames died, and September 21, 1870, Mr. Ames married Margaret Kannady, daughter of John Kannady. They have two children — Charles W. and John M. Mr. Ames has an adopted son — Thomas Early, now twenty-three years old, who has lived with him since his fifth year. Mr. and Mrs. Ames are members of the Baptist church. — - ~»-'*S|*-5«-*f"' t 55*' i -«>' fOHN W. BAY, proprietor of the Angus restaurant and boarding-house, was born in County Durham, England, March 25, 1853, son of Thomas Bay, of Angus, a native of Northumberland County, England, who came to America in 1854, locating in Coal Valley, Illinois. His family followed him in 1857, and in 1860 returned to England. In 1869 they came back to America, settling in Coal Valley, where our subject lived until 1882, when he came to Angus, and this place has since been his home. He worked in the mines until April, 1883, when he embarked in his present business. He keeps a first- class house and is doing a good business. He was married May 22, 1880, to Mary E. Irwin, daughter of Robert Irwin, of Cable, Illinois. They have one child — William Elmer. Mr. Bay is township trustee of Union Township, and a member of the Odd Fellows society. INDEN S. THOMPSON, one of the early settlers of Scranton Township, re- sides on section 1, where he owns 106 acres of the northeast quarter. Mr. Thomp- son was born in North Carolina, July 20, 1839, a son of Berry and Mary Thompson. When he was six years old his parents moved to Morgan County, Indiana, where the father died. In 1856 the family came to Iowa and settled in Polk County, and there the mother died. In July, 1862, Mr. Thompson enlisted in the defense of his country, and was as- signed to Company C, Twenty-third Iowa Infantry, but owing to protracted illness, the result of typhoid fever, he was discharged the following October. He continued to re- side in Polk County until April 15, 1867, when he moved to Greene County and located on his present farm. Mr. Thompson was married at Des Moines, Iowa, February 17, 1859, to Miss A. Gibson, a native of Dela- ware County, Indiana, born August 9, 1842, a daughter of Elisha and Betsey Gibson, early settlers of Greene County. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have had a family of eleven chil- dren, six of whom are living — John "Wesley, Nathan E., Betsey A., "William E., Edith A. and Levi W. Calista J. and Julia Ann died of diphtheria, the former aged fourteen and the latter seven years. Joseph P., Sarah E. and Mary L. died in early childhood. In politics Mr. Thompson has always affiliated with the Republican party. |DWIN B. STILLMAN was born at f. New Haven, Connecticut, October 4, 1838, and in 1850 moved to Ohio. Four years later, at Akron, Ohio, he was ap- prenticed to the printing trade. In 1856 he came to Iowa, and for two years lie was em- ployed by the Iowa City Republican. From 1858 to 1865 he was connected with the Register at Des Moines, and then for fifteen years his home was Chicago. In 1880 he returned to Iowa, where he has since made his home. He was married in 1862 at Royal- ton, Vermont, to Miss Lizzie Bowman. Three children have been born to them — Frank, in 1864; Paul E., in 1869; Lulu, in 1874 (died September 20, 1885). Mr. Stillman came to Jefferson in October, 1884, and has since been the proprietor of the Bee. He is a member of the Presbyterian church of Jeffer- son. In politics he is a Republican. *¥<« J. GRAY, farmer, section 20, Ken- drick Township, has been a resident of ° this county since 1856. He was born in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, April 4, 1828, son of "William and Clarissa (Porter) Gray, the former a native of Virginia, and the lat- ter of New Hampshire. They were the parents of eleven children, of whom our subject was the seventh child. He remained in his native county until sixteen years of age, when in company with a brother he re- moved to Owen County, Indiana, where he lived eleven years, working at the carpenter's trade. He followed that trade the greater part of his life. He also worked at saw and grist milling. At the age of eighteen he was married to Elizabeth Delap, and to this union were born four children, only one living — George W. Mr. Gray resided in Owen County until May, 1856, then came to Greene County with horse team, and located on section 21, Kendrick Township, being the first settler on the prairie of this township. He settled upon his present farm in 1869, where he has since resided. His farm con- sists of ninety acres of good land, and is in a good state of cultivation. He has a well- furnished house, and good buildings for stock and grain, and is engaged in general farming and stock-raising. August 19, 1864, he was married to Mrs. Emily J. Lewis, nee Coombs, daughter of Joseph and Delilah ("Wright) Coombs, and to this union seven children have been born — Clarissa, Curtis E., Sarussa (deceased), Joseph, Sanford, Albert and Em- ma. During the first years of his residence here Mr. Gray spent much time in trapping, ^■■■■■■■■«l 394 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. and sometimes camped out for weeks on the wild prairie, engaged in trapping, in which he was quite successful, although he endured many hardships. Politically he is a Green- backer. ►Swj* |EORGE W. WEIGHT, a resident of section 4, Bristol Township, has been identified with Greene County since the spring of 1882. He came with quite a capi- tal, and the experience of years as a practical farmer on the prairies of Illinois. He is improving and stocking a farm of over 300 acres. Mr. Wright was born in Whitestown, Oneida County, New York, September 27, 1827, son of Aaron and Catharine Wright. His youth was spent in hard farm work, and his educational advantages were very limited; but being possessed of good common sense, he became a practical, active man of business. In 1852 the gold fever took him to California, where he spent four years in mining, and in March, 1856, returned to his old home. In October of that same year, he located in Putnam County, Illinois, where he lived five years, thence to Mendota, LaSalle County, where he lived two years, thence to Peru Township, same county, where Mr. Wright improved a farm and erected very fine build- ings. He intended this for his permanent home; but sickness in his family made it seem necessary to leave Illinois, and he deci- ded upon Greene County for his future home. Mr. and Mrs. Wright have six children — Henry, now of Jackson Township; Sarah Catherine, wife of James Marble of Bristol Township; James M., Martin M.,- Lucy C. and Martha Ann, living with their parents. Delos B. and Charles N. died young. Mr. Wright's father died in 1839, at the old home in New York, and his mother died in Febru- ary, 1881, in Illinois, at the age ninety-one years. She was cared for by her son after her husband's death. Mrs. Wright was a daughter of one of the pioneers of La Salle County, Illinois, of whom more than a pass- ing mention might be made. . Henry De Long was born in Ohio, and about 1830 he removed to La Salle County. During the Black Hawk war he served as a mounted ranger and was one of the first who reached the scene of the Indian Creek massacre, the bloody opening of the war on the settlers. His services throughout the campaign were honorable and efficient. In 1836 he wedded Martha Matheny, daughter of J. D. Matheny, a pioneer of 1835. To this union were born six children — Mrs. Wright being the oldest. Sarah A. married James Tullis, of Lincoln, Illinois; Mary died young; James died at the age of nine years; Bebecca married William C. Stream, of Bristol Township, this county; Martha married William Ewing, and Henry resides in California. The father died in La Salle County in 1849; the mother is living in Nebraska, and is the wife of Jacob Lawson. Mrs. Wright was born February 3, 1837. Her first husband, whom she married in 1852, was Jackson Gass. He died in Cali- fornia in 1854, whither his wife had accom- panied him. She returned to La Salle County in 1857 and married Mr. Wright. She is a woman of large experience, is possessed of a well stored mind, and her excellent qualities of mind and heart have made for her many friends. When Mr. Wright went to Cali- fornia, he embarked on the sailing vessel, North America, at New York City, April 1, 1852, as second cabin passenger. For forty days he had a pleasant passage. When rounding Cape Horn and within six hours sail of the latitude where all is considered safe, the vessel encountered a fearful storm and was dismasted and left to the mercy of . ■!,ll,lilJ»,g.ll. M . B . I . « . » .ll.a.B.B.II,l».llaH«B.B. » , l .B. I . ■ ■■■B.1JJ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES the elements, helpless, twenty days. They were left with only six able-bodied seaman out of thirty-six. Four hours more of storm would have locked them irretrievably among icebergs. The month was June, and they were so far south that they had only four hours of sunlight out of twenty-four. They reached Valparaiso July 4, in time to fire a salute in honor of the day, before sunset. They reached San Francisco the first day of September. (LIAS S. WARD, farmer, section 21, Greenbrier Township, is one of the pioneers of that township, and was born in New Jersey, September 6, 1841. His parents, Benjamin and Harriet Ward, were the parents of eight children, our subject being the seventh. When he was two years of age his father died, and he went to live with an uncle, and later he was taken to Kane County, Illinois, where he was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of that county. In September, 1861, he enlisted in the Fifty-second Illinois In- fantry, Company D, and was engaged in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, Corinth, Allatoona, Iuka and Atlanta. He was hon- orably discharged October 31, 1864. October 31, 1866, he was married to Miss Phebe Bed- ford, a native of Michigan, and daughter of Peter and Caroline (Cole) Bedford. In 1868 Mr. Ward removed to Greene County, this State, and settled upon his present farm in Greenbrier Township, which was then in a wild state. It was one of the first farms opened in that neighborhood. It contains 160 acres of excellent land, and he has a comfortable house, and out-buildings for stock, an orchard and a natural grove. Mr. and Mrs. Ward have four living: children — 30 Fianta J., Clayton E., Cora E. and Edna M. Minnie Etta and Nettie May are deceased. They have an adopted child — Walter A. B. Mr. Ward is a Republican in politics, and is a worthy and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal church. fOHN BOYDEN, grocer, Grand Junc- tion, is a native of Jefferson County, New York, born September 6,1828. His father, Samuel Boyden, was a native of Ver- mont and is now deceased. Our subject was educated in the common schools of his native county, and when young, learned the carpen- ter's trade. He followed this trade for twenty years. In 1869 he came to Grand Junction, and engaged in his present business in 1875. He has an extensive trade, and his genial manners and accommodating disposition has won for him hosts of friends. He sells his goods cheap, and can compete with any other establishment of the kind in the place. Mr. Boyden has never married, but is very happy and contented in his life of single blessedness. ■ '| ' 3"i - DWIN O. CARLTON, stock-dealer at Grand Junction, was born in Windsor County, Vermont, July 24, 1838, son of Joseph and Lettie (Parker) Carlton, na- tives of Andover, Vermont, both of whom are deceased. He was reared on a farm and ed- ucated, principally, in the common schools. During the late war, he enlisted in Company C, Sixteenth Vermont Infantry, and partici- pated in the terrible battle of Gettysburg. He came to this county in 1869, settling where Grand Junction now stands. In 1870 he removed his family here, where he has since resided. He has been principally en- 396 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. gaged in buying cattle, and for the past seven years has dealt in hogs. He was married in October, 1863, to Lura J. Mclntyre, daugh- ter of Leonard Mclntyre, of Andover, Ver- mont. They have two children — Eddie and Clarence. Mr. Carlton was marshal of Grand Junction three years, and has served as con- stable for three years past. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, also of the Grand Army of the Republic. «-«§*5«-»J« ENSSELAER ALLEN, one of the prominent citizens of Greene County, an active and enterprising agri- ~^$!\ and culturist of Franklin Township, was born in Cayuga County, New York, June 7, 1849, his parents, Jonathan and Sarah (Robinson) Allen, being natives of the same State. They removed from New York State to Greene County, Iowa, in 1872, where they have since made their home. Our subject grew to man- hood in his native State, being reared to the avocation of a farmer, which he has always followed with the exception of the time spent in the late war. He was married October 17, 1866, to Miss Ada A. Townsmen, who was born in Allegany County, New York, February 24, 1850, a daughter of A. and Ju- lia (Jones) Townsmen, who were also natives of New York State, Mrs. Allen being the youngest in a family of fifteen children. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Allen — George A., born August 4, 1867, is an enterprising young man and at present is engaged in working the home farm ; Florence was born June 16, 1869, and Mat- tie J. was born January 18, 1878. Mr. Allen was a soldier during the late war, enlisting at the early age of sixteen years in Company F, One Hundred and 'Sixty-fourth New York Infantry, and was assigned to the Army of the Potomac. He participated in the bat- tle of Bull Run, and several others of less note. He was wounded at Petersburg in June, 1864, by a minie-ball passing through the right side of his face, when he was taken to Davies Island, New York. He was hon- orably discharged from the service at Mitch- ell Station, Virginia. Mr. Allen remained in his native State until 1875, the he came with his family to Greene County, Iowa, since which he has followed farming on his farm on section 2, Franklin Township^ where he has eighty acres of as good land as can be found in the county. His residence is com- fortable and commodious, and his farm buildings are among the best in the county. He has a fine grove of maple trees, with other shade and ornamental trees, a fine lawn, and the entire surroundings prove the owner to be a thorough, practical farmer. He is always ready and willing to aid in any en- terprise which tends toward the advancement of his township or county, and since coming here he has held the office of county super- visor, serving to the best interests of the county, and has also been connected with the school board a number of years. He is a member of the Masonic lodge at Jefferson, and is a comrade of the Grand Army post. In politics he is a Republican. Postoffice, Cooper, Iowa. 4Mf* lHARLES ENFIELD settled in Jefferson in the spring of 1870, shortly afterreceiv- inghis medical degree from the College of Physicians and Surgeons, the medical depart- ment of Columbia College, New York. His preceptor was Dr. Charles Phelps, the present distinguished surgeon of the port and harbor of the city. The doctor had some practical experience in his profession during the latter years of the war, while he was stationed in New Mexico. At the opening of the civil war he enlisted in the First New York Volunteers, serving with the Army of the Potomac until the retreat to Westover landing, after which he found himself in Richmond with a number of the wounded of his brigade. Mrs. Enfield was formerly Miss Josephine Eldon. The doctor is a member of the State and National medical societies. |LI ROBERTS, of the firm of Seaman & Roberts, proprietors of the Eureka Mills, was one of the first children born of white parentage in Greene County. His parents, Thomas and Mary Roberts, were among the first settlers of the county. He was born in what is now Washington Town- ship, January 22, 1852. His father resides in Jackson Township, and his mother died in that township. His youth was passed in as- sisting on his father's farm, it being one of the largest farms in the county, and his edu- cation was obtained in the district schools. He was the second of a family of ten chil- dren. He remained at home until he was thirty years of age, when he married Miss Mary E. Henderson, July 25, 1884. She is a daughter of H. L. Henderson, one of the most substantial citizens of Jackson Town- ship, and a native of Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts have one son — Earl. March 1, 1885, Mr. Roberts purchased a half interest in the Eureka Mills, on the North Coon River, and is now giving his whole attention to the milling business, having his residence near by. He has witnessed the growth and development of Greene County from its early days, and is to-day one of its most active and energetic citizens. Being alive to all its best interests, he is always relied upon to do his part in any enterprise looking to its ad- vancement. He is a member of the Odd Fellows Lodge, of Jefferson, and also of Gar- field Lodge, Knights of Pythias, at the same place. Politically he affiliates with the Re- publican party. fACOB J. MISH, of the firm of Mish & Co., general merchants, at Grand Junc- tion, was born in Franklin County, Penn- sylvania, June 26, 1834, son of Jacob Mish, who died when his son was an infant. Our subject was educated in the common schools, and began clerking in a store when fifteen years of age; he has been engaged in the mercantile business ever since. He went to Wooster, Ohio, in 1853, thence to Peoria, Illinois, in 1854, remaining until 1871, then came to Grand Junction and engaged in the grocery trade. He lias kept adding to his stock until he now carries a general stock of goods, with a capital of $8,000 to $15,000, and does an annual business of $20,000. He was married in October, 1854, to Miss Sarah Morris, daughter of Moses Morris, deceased. » 3i > S « fACOB A. SMITTLE, section 32, Junc- tion Township, and foreman of section No. 9, Des Moines .& Fort Dodge Rail- road, at Grand Junction, was born in Wash- ington County, Wisconsin, July 6, 1850, a son of Anton Smittle, of Junction Township. He was reared and educated in Wisconsin, and when he was large enough went to work in the pineries, and followed lumbering three and a half years. In 1870 he went to Taze- well County, Illinois, where he worked at farming until the fall of 1873. In the spring of 1874 he moved to Greene County, Iowa, and located at Grand Junction. He engaged in farming two years, and in 1876 went to Jefferson, Iowa, and was foreman of a section on the Northwestern Eailroad seven years. In 1883 he nought the farm where he now lives, and in November, 1883, was appointed foreman of section 9. Mr. Smittle was mar- ried November 30, 1870, to Eve Heisel, and to them have been born five children, four of whom are living — William J., Jacob M., Anton and Mary M. Mr. Smittle's farm contains 120 acres of good land, which is carried on by his sons. Mr. and Mrs. Smittle are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. » S i i£ ■' |EOEGE WATSON, of the firm of Wat- son & Co., general merchants at Angus, was born in County Durham, England, November 11, 1850, son of Eobert Watson, a native of the same country, and now de- ceased. He was brought up and educated in his native county, at Middleton, and set sail for the United States June 6, 1871. He lived two years at McKeesport, Pennsylvania, then came to Coal Creek, Iowa, where he mined coal until 1880. He then went to Brazil, where he mined coal two years, and in March, 1882, he removed to Angus, where he has since resided. He mined coal here one year, then clerked until July, 1886, when he engaged in his present business. Watson & Co. carry a stock of $2,000, and have a good trade. They keep dry goods, groceries, provisions, boots and shoes, hats and caps, trunks, valises, notions, etc., etc. Mr. Wat- son was married at McKeesport in the sum- mer of 1873 to Miss Fannie Furness, daughter of John Furness, deceased. Mrs. Watson is also a native of Eugland. They have had three children — John, Grace, and Amzi, de- ceased. Mr. Watson is a member of the Knights of Pythias, and also of the town council. Mrs. Watson is a Methodist. (©•".rtV-ft-Sj-^n^Mi-^o* tN. VADEB, farmer, section 30, Kendrick Township, was born in Bennington, Gen- ^ s esee County, New York, in 1822, son of Jacob and Elizabeth Yader, natives of Herk- imer County, same State, who were the par- ents of eleven children, our subject being the third son. When he was five years of age his parents removed to Chautauqua County, where he was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. He was married in 1842 to Miss Lodema Eider, a native of Ver- mont, and daughter of Benjamin Eider. To this union were born seven children — Martin, Jacob, Daniel, Frank, Palmer, Elizabeth and Sylvia. Mrs. Yader died April 12, 1882. During the late civil war Mr. Yader enlisted September 11, 1862, in the First Battalion, New York Sharp-Shooters, under Captain George Waith. He participated in the bat- tles of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Suffolk, Virginia, and was before Petersburg twenty- one days. He served in the Quartermaster's department for some time. He was honora- bly discharged June 9, 1865, at Albany, New York, and returned to his home, where he resided until 1869, then came to Greene County and settled upon his present farm, where he has since resided. He owns eighty acres of well-cultivated land, a comfortable, well furnished residence, commodious farm buildings, and a maple grove of his own planting, from which he makes sugar and syrup. Mr. Yader was married August 10, 1882, to Mrs. Maryette Kingsbury, nee Eice, who was born in Carrollton, Cattaraugus County, New York, and a daughter of Ira and Sarah (Wickson) Eice. Politically Mr. "«"■" M* ,i m <* a m m w m >m m m m w a ,aij^i ■■■■■■■■"■■■"i BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Vader is a Republican, and a strong adherent of the principles of that party which he fought to preserve. He is a member of the Grand Army Post, No. Ill, at Scranton. |YLVESTER B. ANDERSON, of Jef- ferson, is a representative of one of the early settlers of Greene County. His father, J. G. Anderson, settled in what is now Grant Township in November, 1854. The farm he located upon is now owned by Henry Gilroy. In the spring of 1855 the family removed to what is now Jasper Town- ship. The father had entered a section of land in that township in the fall of 1854, when he first came to the county, near the mouth of the stream since called Purgatory, named by hunters who in crossing met with much difficulty, sinking deep into the mud and sand which prevails in the bed of the river. J. G. Anderson was born in Perry County, Ohio, in 1815, where he was reared to the occupation of a farmer, and when a young man he learned the trade of harness- maker and shoemaker. Mrs. Anderson was formerly Mrs. J. Pore, nee Cain. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson had five sons and one daugh- ter when they came to Iowa. All are living except one son, Alfred B., who died in 1880. The surviving children are — Joseph A., living near Storm Lake, Iowa; David B., a farmer of Greene County; William H., living in Jefferson; Miranda, wife of A. R. Mills, of Jefferson, and Sylvester B. Mrs. Ander- son had two sons by her former marriage — Jerry and "William, residing in Ohio. Mr. Anderson took an active part in the events of the early history of Carroll County. He held the offices of sheriff, road commissioner, assessor and surveyor, two terms each, hold- ing all these offices at the same time. He also took an active interest in the political history of the county up to 1860. He was a Democrat, and voted for Stephen A. Douglas that year. Immediately after the breaking out of the war he changed his views and be- came a Republican, and was identified with that party during the remainder of his life. Religiously he was a Methodist. In March, 1860, he removed to Jefferson and kept the Cottage House for four years, and later worked at his trade. His wife survived until 1884. Our subject was born in Ohio in 1846, being about eight years old when he came to Iowa with his father. He taught school several terms before his marriage, and has taught several terms since his marriage. He was deputy sheriff from 1873 until 1879, and served as constable six years. Since 1881 he has been engaged in the insurance business. He also is a Republican in poli- tics, and himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mrs. An- derson was formerly Cornelia Price, daugh- ter of Owen Price, an early settler of Marshall County, having located there in 1855. He died in March, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Ander- son have five children, one son and four daughters. Their names are — Mary W., Edith - M., Josephine E., Lovina S. and Sylvester B. ►3Mf« ||OBERT MUIR, Je., dealer in groceries and notions, Angus, was born in Dum- bartonshire, Scotland, in the town of Cumbernauld, April 1, 1858. His father, Robert Muir, of Fall Brook, Tioga County, Pennsylvania, is a native of Glasgow, Scot- land, and brought his son to America in June, 1870. They went to work and earned sufficient money to bring the rest of the family, who came about three months later. In 1876 Mr. Muir came to Ohio, taveling ^■■^■■^in-»i»airaMMi.-»a«SB-jjis»; BBSMfflBBgni HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. among the mines of Ohio and Western Penn- sylvania until 1880, then went to Carbondale, Kansas, returning to Chicago in May of the following year. One month later he went to La Salle, Illinois, where he mined coal one year, then came to Angus and worked in the mines about eighteen months, when he was appointed State secretary of the Miners' Amalgamation Association. This was in January, 1884, and he resigned the position in May of the same year and established his present business. He carries a full line of groceries, provisions and notions, and has a good trade. In 1886 he met with a severe loss in the burning of a store at St. John Center, where he had established a home- stead. It was the first store in the place. He was obliged to sell his new stock of goods, which were then at the depot, at re- duced rates, and returned home. Mr. Mnir was married August 1, 1881, to Margaret Welch, daughter of John Welch, deceased, and their children are — Maggie D., Bobert 1ST. and John W. Mr. Muir belongs to the order of Odd Fellows, has served as constable and as member of the town council. 1-jMf" lAMUEL E. EITTGEES, farmer and stock-raiser, section 24, Washington Township, was born in Polk County, Iowa, April 26, 1857. His father, Jacob B. Eittgers, deceased, was a native of Shenan- doah Valley, born February 9, 1800, and set- tled in Polk County in an early day. He was raised on the old Eittgers homestead in Valley Township, eight miles northwest of Des Moines. He was reared to the occu- pation of a farmer and has always followed that occupation. He came to this county in January, 1880, settling in Washington Town- ship, which has since been his home. He located on his present farm in 1881. He was married April 6, 1879, to Miss Mary A. Fry, daughter of Samuel Fry, of Polk County, and they ha^e two children — Almeda C. and Burton A. Mr. Eittgers owns 240 acres of land, and gives considerable attention to graded stock. Mrs. Eittgers is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church at Eippey. » ; i i ; « M||fl ILLIAM STEOUD, farmer, section Wrfflff ^> Willow Township, was born in L-cpbH Newington, Oxfordshire, England, in October, 1810, son of John and Catherine (Harris) Stroud, who were the parents of nine children — Fred, Jane, Lucy, William, Thomas', George, Sarah, and two that died in infancy. The father was a horse-dealer, and William's first business was buying and selling horses. He was united in marriage January 17, 1833, with Miss Mary Gunn, born in August, 1810, daughter of Thomas and Charlotta (Bolton) Gunn, who were the parents of nine children — Eichard, William, Samuel, Sarah, Henry, Mary, Ann, Jane and Hannah. In 1847 William, his wife and six children removed to Canada, locating near Toronto, where they lived two years, and in 1849 removed to Niagara County, New York, where they resided ten years; thence to Porter County, Indiana; thence, in 1869, to Dallas County, Iowa; thence, in 1880, to Greene County, settling on his present farm. He rented the farm three years before he purchased it. It consists of 200 acres of excellent land in a good state of cultivation. He has good buildings, and an orchard of four acres. Mr. and Mrs. Stroud have seven children — Thomas, John, Charlotta, Lucy, Mary Ann, William and Jane. Two are deceased — Catherine, who died at the age of twenty-five, and an infant. Mr. Stroud was «ls«i5*»5i ^™ m M ^ M a M , M.m, M iiM M iaa^ ^ msm ■■■■■■^^ ■■.■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■■■■■■■■■■■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■■■ ■ ■■ ■ ..■- n ,.WS MSH,,M,llSWi BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 401 reared under the rules of the Church of Eng- land, and adheres to the principles of that church. Politically he is a Democrat. Will- iam G., the youngest son, was married in March, 1876, to Miss Emma Painter, and they have four children — "William T., George T., John J. and Mary. He resides with his parents, and assists in the management of the farm. fOHN DAVENPORT, of Jefferson, came to Greene County in the fall of 1864, and purchased 220 acres of land on Har- din Creek, Grant Township, and 640 acres on sections 13 and 24, in Hardin Township. The first farm mentioned had about sixty acres improved, and a small log house had been built; the large farm in Hardin Township had about forty acres improved. In the spring of 1865 Mr. Davenport settled with his family on the farm in Grant Township, where he lived one year, then removed to his farm in Hardin Township, renting the other farm for a time, then sold it. He improved the farm in Hardin Township, and in 1866 sold 200 acres to Mr. James Harker. The farm contained two very fine groves of sixty acres each, and was well watered by the Buttricks Creek, which flowed through the farm. The land which he sold to Mr. Harker contained one of these groves. At that time Mr. Da- venport had no near neighbors, the nearest one being Terrence Reynolds, who lived two miles south. On the east there were no neighbors nearer than twenty miles, and his next neighbor on the north was at Fort Dodge, forty miles away. On the west set- tlements had been made on Coon River, about ten miles distant. His other neigh- bors were at Jefferson, seven miles distant. The reasou of his selling a portion of his land to Mr. Harker was that he might have nearer neighbors. In 1867 he gave to his son, William H., 120 acres of the farm, and re- tained the rest until 1884, when he sold to Mr. Bernard, who still owns and resides on the place. This land was entered by George May, and is one of the oldest farms in the county. Mr. Davenport was born in Tomp- kins County, New York, June 13, 1816, where" he was reared and educated. His par- ents were Aaron W. and Eleanor (King) Davenport, who were also natives of Tomp- kins County. In 1840 they removed to Michigan, where they passed the remainder of their days. They had eleven children, nine of whom grew to maturity, and only four are now living — two sons and two daughters. The subject of this notice went to Lenawee County, Michigan, in 1835, when he was but nineteen years of age. He was engaged in the mercantile business for four years, then engaged in farming and hotel- keeping, remaining until 1865, then came to this county, as before stated. He was mar- ried in Michigan, to Lucretia Valentine, a native of the State of New York, who died in 1852, leaving five children. In 1854 Mr. Davenport married Miss Elizabeth Valen- tine, a sister of his former wife, who died in 1863, both dying in the same house. In 1866 he was married, in Greene County, to Mrs. Phebe Ann Haight, who died Novem- ber 16, 1884, while on a visit to her children in Portland, Oregon. Mr. Davenport has two living children of his first marriage William H., who lives in Hardin Township, and Eleanor J., widow of J. J. Haight, living at Gainesville, Cook County, Texas. His third wife had four children, two of whom are living in Kansas, and two in Oregon — James R., Ettie, Emma and Luella. J. J. Haight was a son of Mrs. Davenport by her first marriage. He died in Texas, June 8, 1886, leaving a wife and five children. In early life Mr. Davenport was a "Whig, but since the organization of the Republican party he has always endorsed the principles of that party. He is a man that is highly respected in the community where he resides. — - "| « S t ' S -fw-w |ICHARD C. MOORE, one of the pros- perous agriculturists of Scranton Town- ship, residing on section 18, is a native of Ireland, born in County Mayo in 1833, a son of John and Marcella Moore, both of whom died in their native country. Our subject was reared in his native country till attaining the age of seventeen years, and in 1850 immigrated to America, landing at New York City, going thence to Hamilton County, Ohio, residing at Cincinnati until 1865, with the exception of the time in the employ of the Government during the war. For three years he worked at his trade, that of a black- smith, in West Virginia and Tennessee. In 1859 he was married at Cincinnati to Miss Rosanna Casselle, a native of County Armagh, Ireland, and they are the parents of four children, as follows — Edward, Thomas, Alice and Mary. In 1865 Mr. Moore came with his family to Iowa, and located in Polk County, where he followed agricultural pur- suits. From Polk County he removed to "Warren County in 1873, thence to Greene County in 1877, where he has since been very successful in his farming operations, now owning a very fine property in real estate and stock, which he has accumulated by industry, frugality and good business management. He lived one year in "Wash- ington Township after coming to Greene County, and in 1878 settled on the farm where he now resides, which consists of 280 acres of well improved and cultivated land, a com^ fortable residence, and good farm buildings for the accommodation of his stock. At national elections Mr. Moore votes the Demo- cratic ticket, but in local elections is inde- pendent of party, voting for the man whom he deems best fitted for office. He and his family are members of the Roman Catholic church, and respected citizens of Scranton Township. fOHN R. THOMAS, general merchant, Angus, Iowa, is a native of "Wales, born April 7, 1849, his father, John T. Thomas, who is now deceased, being born in the same country. Our subject immigrated to the United States in 1866, locating first in Mahoning City, Pennsylvania, where he was engaged in mining coal till 1868. He then went to Audenried, Pennsylvania, and in 1869 went to California, In 1871 he returned to Pennsylvania, and attended school at Charles- ton for two years. In the spring of 1873 he went to Carbondale, Pennsylvania, and in 1874 went to Shawnee, Ohio. He returned to Audenried, Pennsylvania, in 1875, where he had charge of the outside works of the Pension mines for eighteen months. He then went to Selma, Alabama, where he took charge of the entire works of the Cahaba mines, remain- ing there for eighteen months. He then resided in Rosedale, "Wisconsin, for eighteen months, when he went to Bangor, "Wisconsin, and engaged in the mercantile business, which he had followed a short time before leaving Rosedale. In the fall of 1882 he came to Angus, Boone County, Iowa, and engaged in his present business, carrying a full line of dry goods, flour, feed, glassware, etc., and by his genial and accommodating manners and strict attention to the wants of his customers, he has established a good BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 403 trade, and gained the confidence and respect of all who know him. He is at present fill- ing the office of justice of the peace for Angus and Union Township, serving as such with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. He is a member of the Con- gregational church. He is also a member of the Odd Fellows order, belonging to both lodge and encampment at Angus. "»" "|*3"S*%" '■■ jETER B. BREINER, an old and hon- ored pioneer of Greene County, Iowa, living on section 30, Highland Town- ship, where he has eighty acres of choice land, is a native of New Jersey, born May 3, 1819, a son of Martin and Margarette (Port) Breiner, his father born in Pennsylvania, and his mother a native of France. Both parents are deceased, the father dying September 13, 1839, and the mother June 8, 1873. Peter B. Breiner was married January 1, 1842, to Mima Smith, born in Pennsylvania, but reared in New Jersey, her parents, "William and Sarah (Farven) Smith, settling in that State when she was a child. Mr. Breiner was reared to the carpenter's trade, which he followed till coming to Greene County, when he engaged in farming. Mrs. Breiner was not permitted to spend many days in Greene County, she dying January 10, 1861, leaving at her death four children — John, who was born October 19, 1842; "William S., born February 10, 1845; Sarah, born June 7, 1847, and Stewart, born July 8, 1852, all of whom are living. Mrs. Breiner was buried on the home farm in Highland Township. Mr. Breiner was married a second time Feb- ruary 2, 1876, at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Mrs. E. A. Snyder, who was born near Centerville, Delaware, September 29, 1825, her parents, Perry and Rachel Carr, having been born in Delaware. Three children were born to Mr. Breiner's second marriage — Eleanor, Jacob S. and Andrew Jackson, all of whom are living in the East. Mr. Brein- er was one of the early pioneers of Greene County, Iowa, and was the first settler of Highland Township, and here he has en- dured all the hardships incident to the life of a pioneer. He was the only settler in Highland Township for ten years, before other settlers began to arrive, and in the whole of Greene County there were at that time but eighty-two voters. Jefferson had then but four houses. His trading was done at Des Moines, Iowa. He has lived to witness the many wonderful changes that have occurred, changing the wilderness into thriving towns and well-cultivated farms, and has himself become one of the most prominent citizens of Highland Township, being respected by all who know him. In politics Mr. Breiner is a Democrat. Both he and his wife are members of the Baptist church. ►^Mf» ESLEY R. PARK, jeweler and tinner, Grand Junction, was born in the Hp^I town of Weston, Windsor County, Vermont, September 28, 1832, son of Thomas K. Park, a native of Windham County, same State. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. He- came to Dane County, Wisconsin, in 1853, where he worked at various things, and was also engaged in farming to some extent. He was married November 18, 1855, to Calista D. Hazeltine, daughter of Orrin B. Hazeltine, of Dane County, who settled near Milwaukee in 1836. They have one child — Agnes M., who married William G. Rugg, of this township. Mr. Park came to Jefferson, this county, in the spring of 1869, and to Grand Junction in 404 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. 1873, where he has since lived. He worked in a hardware store and at his trade while in Jefferson. He bought an interest in the store, and conducted it three years. He embarked in his present business in 1880, and added the jewelry department in 1885. He served as postmaster of Grand Junction from 1882 to November 15, 1885. He has served as justice of the peace six years and still holds that office. He is a member of the society of Good Templars. In politics he is a Republican. He attended the first Republican convention held in the United States, at Madison, "Wisconsin, in 1854, and was one of its organizers. |HOMAS ROBERTS, one of the first twelve settlers of Greene County, is the owner of the largest farm property in Jackson Township. Perhaps no one of the early settlers has done as much toward the development of the county as he. His first land purchase was in Grant Township, where he settled in April, 1851. He then bought 300 acres, seventy-five of which he improved, and sold the same to Esquire Rose, whose heirs still own and occupy the place. In 1856 he located on section 14, Jackson Town- ship, where he has resided ever since. He owns 1,500 acres of land, 687 acres consti- tuting the home farm. Mr. Roberts was born in North Wales, May 5, 1823, son of Thomas and Mary Roberts, and the second in a family of seven children. His parents never left their native land. April 15, 1845, Mr. Roberts embarked at Liverpool for New York City, and proceeded at once to Colum- bus, Ohio. In the autumn of 1847 he visited Illinois and Iowa. The same season he re- turned to Wales and spent the following win- ter with his father's family. He then returned to the United States and established himself in the tannery business at Des Moines. He learned the trade in Wales, and followed it in Ohio. He closed out that business when he came to this county. October 7, 1847, he was married at Des Moines to Miss Mary Myrick, a native of Ohio. After a wedded life of forty-five years she was called to the better life, May 7, 1882. She was an exem- plary woman in all her relations of wife, mother and neighbor, and long will her memory be cherished, not only by her family, but by all who knew her. She was the mother of ten children — Benjamin F., a druggist at Scranton City; Eli, of Jefferson; Edward N., deceased ; Mrs. Sarah A. Brackett, a widow, and now a teacher in this county; Samuel, living at home; Mary Elizabeth, who died in her fourth year; Lydia C, a teacher of crayon work; Martha J., wife of Will. Forbes, a merchant of Audubon County ; William War- ren, a resident of Ainesworth, Nebraska, and Carrie Belle. Mr. Roberts has been a mem- ber of the Baptist church many years, and politically is a Republican. » it i ; « fRANCIS LIBIS, farmer, resides on sec- tion 14, Bristol Township, where he settled in 1871. He was born in the State of Ohio, December 15, 1835, son of B. and C. Libis, who are natives of Germany and now living in Ohio, having been married over fifty-two years. Mr. Libis came from Cedar County, this State, to Greene County, and soon after visited Montana, where he was for some time profitably employed in Virginia City. Returning to Cedar County, May 15, 1866, he was united in marriage with Miss Jennie Bellinger, daughter of David and Catherine Bellinger. Mr. and Mrs. Libis have one daughter, Orvada, born November uiim^m m m m aB^m^m»Si^i^m^m^mV^m m m m m m m m xsi w S iii m m m m m m m m m m ln m m t BIOGRAPHICAL 8KET0HES. 405 22, 1868. Mr. Libis has recently added forty acres to his farm, and is principally devoting his attention to stock-raising. Politically he is identified with the Democratic party. «-S»-if« JlAUL C. MANTZ, farmer, section 34, "Washington Township, was born in —■ |" Perry County, Ohio, February 25, 1833. His father, Sebastian Mantz, deceased, was born in Austria, Germany, March 29, 1803, and came to America when quite young. His mother, Mary (Mohler) Mantz, was a daughter of Henry Mohler, a native of Mary- land, and of German ancestry. The parents had eleven children, only two of whom are living — Paul and William, of Angus, Boone County. The mother lives with her son Paul, is eighty-two years of age, and is hale and hearty. Paul C. was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of Fair- field County, Ohio, where his parents re- moved when he was seven years of age. He came to Polk County, Iowa, in 1852, and en- tered some land in Dallas County, three miles east of Perry, then went back and re- moved to his new home in the fall of 1856. He lived one year in Boone County, then set- tled upon his own land, where he lived until February, 1865, then removed to a farm that joins his present farm, just across from Dallas County. He located upon his present farm in the spring of 1880, where he owns sixty acres of good farm land, all underlaid with a rich deposit of coal. He was married July 12, 1857, to Mrs. Margaret Hamilton, widow of Joseph Hamilton, and daughter of Jacob B. Rittgers, deceased. Two of their five children are living — Phillip S. and Mary W. Phillip married Ruth Simons, daughter of "William Simons, of "Washington Town- ship, and resides in that township. Mary M. married Oliver B. Armstrong, of Surry, and has two children — Henry and Belva A. Mr. Mantz is secretary of the pioneer society of Dallas, Boone, Greene and Guthrie counties. He served as postmaster six years at Linden, Dallas County, and was justice of the peace there three years. He was township trustee one year, and school director for some time. Mr. and Mrs. Mantz are both members of the Methodist Episcopal church. By her first marriage Mrs. Mantz had three children — Reuben, deceased, Catherine and Jacob. Catherine married Clark Kester, of Nebraska, and has four children — Daisy, Florence, Ed- win and Cecil. Mr. Mantz has seen much of pioneer life, and has been a hard worker. When he first located here he had to do his milling at Des Moines, and his trading also. There were many elk, deer, wolves, beaver, otter, wild-cats and lynx. Fish were also numerous, so much so that the mill near him had to be stopped to clean them out of the wheel. ►>•£« jfHEODORE LYONS, proprietor of the Ashley House at Grand Junction, was ^ J born in London, England, December 24, 1830, son of Thomas Lyons, a native of the same city, now deceased. He was reared and educated in his native country, and came to the United States in 1865, traveling over the country two or three years. He then went to New York City and remained about two years, and after that made five trips to Vera Cruz, New Mexico. He then engaged in the mercantile trade at Brooklyn, New York, for a short time, and in 1871 came to Douglas County, Illinois, settling in Tuscola, where he clerked in the Beech House nearly a year. He then went to Champaign County, same State, and was engaged in farming for aJM"m"m* 406 HISTORY OF QBBENE COUNTY. a few years. After being engaged in the hotel- business at Urbana for a time, he came to Angus, this State, in March, 1885, and to Grand Junction May 5, 1886, where he took charge of the Ashley House. This house has been re-fitted and re-furnished, and is strictly a first-class house. He is having an extensive patronage, which is constantly in- creasing. Mr. Lyons is a thorough business man and understands how to please the traveling public. He was married in Dalston, England, in August, 1852, to Miss Ellen Mc- Donnell. Of their six children only two are living — Mary and Lillie. Mary married Henry Baldwick, of Urbana, Illinois, and has two children — Timothy and .Nellie. Lillie married Frank M. Parker, of Forrest, Illi- nois, and has one child — Robert. Mr. Lyons is a member of the Odd Fellows society. '-5*-tf« W. KRAUSE, farmer, section 34, "Willow Township, postoffice Bayard, is among the early settlers of the township, and was born in Prussia, October 27, 1849, son of Carl and Wilhelmena Krause. When he was six years old his parents emi- grated to America, and located in Dane County, Wisconsin. His youth was spent in assisting on the farm, and attending school. He was married September 22, 1864, to Miss Jennie Wright, of Mount Yernon, Dane County, a daughter of Joseph Wright of that place. They remained in Dane County until 1874, when they removed to Guthrie County, Iowa, where they lived one year, and in 1876 came to their present home, which was then wild land. It was one of the first farms improved in the township. Mr. Krause owns eighty acres of excellent land, with good buildings for stock and grain, as well as a fine residence. It is situated one mile north of the town of Bayard. Mr. and Mrs. Krause have three children — Arthur, Grace and Myrtle. Willie is deceased. Politically Mr. Krause is a Republican. He has served as member of the school board, and takes an interest in all educational matters, and in all that tends to the advancement of his county; H. CAREY is one of the leading busi- ness men of Scranton, where he is ex- a tensively engaged in dealing in grain, lumber, coal and general merchandise. He is a representative of one of the early fami- lies of Iowa, his father, James Carey, having settled near Bellevue, Jackson County, in 1855. In 1865 the family removed to Jones County, where the father still lives, making his home at Monticello. A. H. Carey, the subject of this sketch, was born in Dearborn County, Indiana, in 1846, coming to Iowa with his parents in 1855. When about twenty years of age he began working at the carpenter's trade, which he followed about eight years. He was then engaged in the lumber business at Centre Junction, Iowa, for five years, when, in 1880, he came to Scranton, Greene County. He then succeed- ed S. H. Templeton in his lumber trade, and in April, 1883, he added to his business gen- eral merchandising. The same year he began dealing in farm implements, and in the fall of 1884, engaged in the grain and coal busi- ness. In his farm implement and hardware business he is associated with Mr. Fuller. Mr. Carey was married in Jones County, Iowa, to Miss Fannie Corbett, a native of Pennsylvania, and to them have been born four children — Leon L., Charles J., Edith M. and Valentine. Mr. Carey has been iden- tified with the early history of Scranton, although he did not locate here permanently ■■■■■'■■■"^■'■■■■■ ■ ■■■'■■■■''' n yw^a m m m m m m m ,m 1 „m„im^n BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 407 until 1880. He visited this place in 1871 and 1872, when the town was in its infancy, and in fact purchased the third lot sold on the plat, and assisted in the building of the second, third and fourth buildings on the plat, and no man has done more to promote the interests of Scranton than he. As a citi- zen he is highly esteemed, both for his social qualities, and for his enterprising and pro- gressive spirit as a business man. lOREN W. BOGGS, residing on section q 9, Bristol Township, is one of the early ^3F^ settlers of his neighborhood, and has been one of its most active citizens. His home farm of 160 acres has been improved from the naked prairie, and his buildings are first-class, comfortable and commodious, lie commenced building and improving his prop- erty in the spring of 1869. In 1880 he bought 120 acres of land on section 10, Bris- tol Township. Besides his family residence, Mr. Boggs owns two other houses. He also owns a twelfth interest in 640 acres adjoin- ing the city plat of Sioux City. He was born in Franklin County, Ohio, January 12, 1830. His parents, Moses M. and Sarah (Skinner) Boggs, were natives of Virginia and New Jersey respectively. While he was yet an infant his parents removed to Vermill- ion County, Indiana, where a portion of his youth was spent. His father was a millwright and house carpenter by trade, and a general workman at any kind of wood-work. He owned a farm and reared his children to farm life. He died in "Warren County, Indiana, in 1842, aged forty-one years. "When sixteen years of age our subject left his mother's home, and thus early in life encountered the world for himself. He has made his own way unaided, never having a dollar not earned by himself. From 1850 to 1854 he was engaged in the pineries of Michigan. In April, 1854, he was united in marriage with Jane "W. Morris, a native of the State of New York. From Michigan Mr. Boggs came to Cedar Rapids, this State, where he lived until 1869, excepting the time he served in the Union army. He enlisted August 13, 1862, in Company G, Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry. His regiment was first under fire at Fort Gibson, in the campaign against Vicksburg. In the battle of Champion Hills, May 16, 1863, the regiment and Company G met with very heavy loss. In the siege of Vicksburg, and the second battle of Jackson, after the surrender of Vicksburg, and in all that campaign and in all others in which his regiment participated, Mr. Boggs did a soldier's duty faithfully and well. He was never excused nor asked to be excused from any duty. After the Jackson campaign the regiment was transferred to the Gulf depart- ment, and embodied in the Nineteenth Corps, General Emory commanding. The Twenty- fourth Iowa was also engaged in the ill-starred Red River campaign. In July, 1864, the corps went east and defended "Washington against General Early, thence to the valley of Virginia under General Sheridan, and was in the heroic battles of "Winchester, Strasburg and Cedar Creek. At the last- named battle Mr. Boggs received five shots through his clothes. In January, 1865, the corps met Sherman at Savannah, Georgia. At Goldsboro the regiment was present at the surrender of General Johnston's rebel army. August 11 Mr. Boggs was commis- sioned by Governor Stone Second Lieutenant of his company, bearing date January 1, 1865, but through the lack of mail facilities the commission never reached the proper authorities early enough to permit of his being mustered in. As Orderly Sergeant he ijc«s« .■.«.«I. B.B. B .»I.I I .».«. » .»„»..... B .».B.»..... il *5 408 HISTORY OF QBE EN E COUNTY. was practically in command of his company the last nine and a half months of his ser- vice. He was honorably discharged July 17, 1865, at Savannah, Georgia, and returned to his home at Cedar Kapids. He still holds his commission as Lieutenant. Mrs. Boggs died December 25, 1883, aged sixty-nine years. Only one child survives — Henry M., born June 24, 1854. He has never married since the death of his wife. In 1886 he was improving a farm in Dakota. He has been a Republican in politics since 1860, though in local matters he is independent. llHRISTOPHER J. EDINBOROUGH, boot and shoe maker at Grand Junction, was born in London, England, Septem- ber 22, 1839. His father, Christopher Edin- borough, was born in Yorkshire, England, town of South Morton. He came to the United States in 1855, and settled in Allegany County, New York, on the Genesee River. Our subject was a soldier in the late war, being a member of Company C, First Long Island, afterward known as the Sixty-seventh New York Infantry, and was discharged as the Sixty-fifth New York Veteran Infantry. He participated in the battles of Williams- burg, Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Antietam, Fredericksburg, and several others. He came to Wilton Junction, Muscatine County, Iowa, in the fall of 1868, where he worked at his trade until January, 1882, then came to Des Moines, and later, to Grand Junction, where he has since resided. He was married April 4, 1866, to Carrie Lounsberry, and they have had four children, three of whom are living — Arthur W., Jessie M. and Grant S. Mr. Edinborough was clerk of the school board three years while in Wilton. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and Grand Army of the Republic. Mrs. Edinborough is a member of the Presbyterian church. — «~rtg*$Mj*l**-~ — B. KENDALL, restaurant keeper on the east side of the square, was born in Chautauqua County, New York, in 1834. When a boy he removed with his parents to Pennsylvania, and in 1857, to Kane County, Illinois. His father, Elam Kendall, died in Pennsylvania, and his moth- er is still living in that State. There were nine children in the family, seven sons and two daughters. The two daughters married, had families, and died in Pennsylvania. The seven sons are all living, three in the West and four in their native State. Mr. Kendall came to Jefferson in 1870. During the late war he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Twenty-seventh Illinois Infantry, and served about two years, when he was dis- charged for disability and returned to Illi- nois. He was married in that State to Miss Annie Keenan, and to this union have been born three children — Lawrence B., Fred C. and Glenn W. Politically, Mr. Kendall is a Democrat. f'OHN HEISEL, farmer and stock-raiser, section 30, Junction Township, was born in Tazewell County, Illinois, August 4, 1847, a son of John and Margaret Heisel, natives of Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany. His father came to the United States in 1841 and settled in Tazewell County, Illinois, where he still lives. John Heisel was reared on a farm, receiving a good education in the schools of his native county. He has always followed agricultural pursuits, and in 1883 came to BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 409 Iowa, thinking this broad State offered superior advantages to the farmer. He located on the farm where he now lives, which contains 440 acres of choice land. Mr. Heisel was married March 10, 1870, to Cathe- rine Worner, daughter of Jacob and Mary Worner, her father a resident of Tazewell County, Illinois, and her mother deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Heisel have been born five children, of whom four are living — Louis L., Emma M., Mary A. and an infant son. A daughter, Clara E., died aged three and a half years. Mr. and Mrs. Heisel are members of the Lutheran church. |AMUEL ELLISON, farmer, section 12, Washington Township, was born in Sussex County, New Jersey, April 4, 1830. His father, George Ellison, now de- ceased, was a native of Ireland, and came to America when young, was a soldier in the war of 1812. He removed with his family to Morgan County, Ohio, in 1832, thence to Washington County in 1837, where he died in 1852. Our subject was reared a farmer, and always followed that occupation. He obtained his education in the common schools. He came to Delaware County, Iowa, in 1856, settling on wild land. He came to Greene County in the spring of 1882, locating upon his present farm, where he owns 160 acres of land. He was married February 12, 1865, to Sarah E. Holmes, daughter of John M. , Holmes, of Montgomery County, Iowa. They have five children — Estella R., John M., Mary, Abigail B. and Elizabeth ; 6he is usu- ally called Bessie. Mr. Ellison has held a few local offices, but never seeks official posi- tions. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, as was also his wife, who died August 19, 1882. She was a consistent Christian and a lover of the Sabbath. In her younger days she was a Sunday-school worker. Before her marriage she was a school teacher. — ~*~ »§**-»HIS+'"~ — LI L. LLOYD, a merchant at Surry, was born in La Salle County, Illinois, May 24, 1858. His father, Abraham Lloyd, of Rock Island County, Illinois, re- moved to Boonesboro, Iowa, when his son was ten or twelve years old. In 1874 they returned to Rapids City, Rock Island County. Our subject came to Kalo, Webster County, this State, in the fall of 1881, and to Greene County in March, 1884,' where he has since lived. He engaged in the mercantile busi- ness in October, 1886, and has an extensive trade. He deals in groceries and provisions. He was formerly a miner, having always handled the pick' and shovel. lie was mar- ried April 4, 1881, to Sarah Williams, daughter of Thomas Williams, of Coal Val- ley, Rock Island County, Illinois. She was born in Wales, April 9, 1859. Mr. Lloyd's mother, Margaret Boyce, was a native of Ohio. His father and his grandfather Lloyd were born in Wales. Mrs. Lloyd's mother, Margaret (Hall) Williams, was a daughter of Thomas Williams, a native of Wales. Her uncle, John Hall, was a soldier in the Franco- Prussian war, and died in the service. UGUST MARQUART, grocer at Grand Juuction, was born in Prussia, Ger- many, May 17, 1846, son of John P. Marquart, of Dodge County, Wisconsin, who is a native of Germany. He brought his family to the United States in 1852, and set- tled in his present home. August was reared ■■■■■■■■■■»-B.».l.B.I,» .».l.l.l Ji 410 HI8T0RY OF GREENE COUNTY. on a farm and educated in the common schools. He commenced learning the har- ness-maker's trade at the age of ten years, and followed that trade until January, 1886. In 1868 he went to Foreston, Ogle County, Illinois, and was foreman of the harness and saddle shop of L. J. Bower one year, then came to Bridgeport, Boone County, Iowa, and in 1870 came to Grand Junction and estab- lished the first harness shop in the place. It is still the only one here. January 1, 1886, he sold to William H. Benner, having pur- chased a store-room and established a grocery and provision store in March, 1885. He now gives his whole attention to his grocery. He carries a capital stock of $800, and does an annual business of $5,000 to $6,000. His trade is constantly increasing. He was mar- ried August 17, 1868, to Christina Zellhoef- er, a daughter of George Zellhoefer, now deceased. They have six children — William, Lizzie, Jessie, George, John and Leola. Mr. Marquart served as school director one term, and as councilman two terms. He is a mem- ber of the Odd Fellows society, and himself and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. «**♦§**-**!>***" i |EOBGE W. FLECK, a worthy pioneer of Greene County, was born in Frank- lin County, Pennsylvania, December 1, 1820, son of Peter and Anna (Eberly) Fleck, natives of the same State, the former of Scotch descent, and the latter of German. He was reared to a farm life, and when ten years of age, removed with his parents to Richland County, Ohio, where a home was made in the wilderness. George W. being the oldest son, and the only one old enough to render assistance to his father, was early inured to hard labor in the work of clearing a new farm in a dense forest. The country was traversed by bridle paths. A road had to be hewed out to enable the family to reach their future home. The parents passed the remainder of their days in that home. George remained there until the fall of 1854, when he came to Iowa, and visited Greene County. Here he entered 320 acres of land, mostly in Jackson Township, and a greater portion of that purchase he still owns. In 1856 he went back to Ohio, and then re- turned to this county and built a log cabin on his land on section 8, and commenced opening a farm by hiring help, residing in Ohio in the meantime until 1858. He then with his family made Greene County his permanent home, and still occupies the strong, well built, hewed-log house which constituted his first home. In 1866 Mr. Fleck bought twenty acres of land, including a fine water power on the North Coon Biver, and in 1867 built a saw-mill, which he re- placed by a fine flouring and grist-mill in 1876. The building is 33 x 44 feet, two stories and basement, fitted with two run of burrs. Mr. Fleck is himself operating the mill. He owns 320 acres of land, 110 of which is valuable timber. He has bought and sold a large amount of real estate, owning at one time 1,000 acres. In 1840 Mr. Fleck was married, in Bichland County, Ohio, to Miss Elizabeth Hedrick, who passed through all the trials and privations of pioneer life in this county, helping to build a home which she was not permitted to enjoy. She died June 24, 1860, at the age of forty years. Mr. Fleck's second wife, whom he married in 1863, was formerly Miss Lenora Eamy, a native of Vermont. Mr. and Mrs. Fleck reared ten children, eight sons and two daughters, all of whom grew to maturity. Those living are widely separated. John resides in Oregon; William lives in Jackson Township; Cordo- [jMJB «, «,,«,. IB., "!„,■«,■».■„■,«. » - M .JJ^a».M» »' » HI - " «.." l al»«» ii »> ."-"»'"B"l »'" « W agl»=B»' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 411 via in Pottawatomie County, this State; Peter is in California; Frank in Council Bluffs; Charles in Colorado; George and Mary Ellen are at home; Samuel and An- netta are deceased. All except the last two named are married and well settled in life, and all are worthy citizens. George and Mary Ellen are children of the second mar- riage. Politically Mr. Fleck affiliates with the Republican party. He held the office of postmaster of Kendrick for about six years. That postoffice is now abolished. J. LINN resides on section 28, Kendrick Township, and is a member of the firm of Linn Brothers. He was born in Perry County, Pennsylvania, August 6, 1845, son of John and Jane Linn. His youth was passed in attending the common schools, and in assisting at farm work. He completed his education at Mount Morris Seminary, Illinois. During the late war he enlisted August 6, 1862, in Company I, One Hundred and Thirty-third Pennsylvania Infantry, serving eleven months. He also served in the Inde- pendent State Cavalry for three months, and afterward re-enlisted in Company C, Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry, General Kilpatrick commanding. He participated in all the battles of that famous commander, and was honorably discharged at Newbern, North Carolina, and in June, 1865, returned to Perry County, Pennsylvania. In 1866, in company with his brother, W. S., he removed to Ogle County, Illinois, residing there one year, and in 1867 removed to Jones County, Iowa, crossing the Mississippi River on the ice. In 1868 he came to Greene County, Iowa, and located upon his present farm. He was married in February, 1869, to Miss Margery Dickey, a native of Jackson County, 31 Iowa, and a daughter of David and Nancy Dickey, and to this union have been born eight children — Lura, Jane, Charles, Clarence, Eva, Mary, Etta and Anna. Politically Mr. Linn is a zealous Republican, and has served as township trustee eleven years. He is a member of the N. H. Powers Post, No. Ill, G. A. R., at Scranton. Linn Brothers own 250 acres of as good land as can be found in Greene County, and it is well improved and cultivated. They have a good residence, and their farm buildings are commodious and comfortable. They also have good feed lots and stock scales, and are extensively engaged iu stock-raising and feeding, and have some fine grades of horses and swine. The broth- ers have, by their cordial manner anH honor- able dealing, secured the confidence of all who know them. -SMf.. EORGE Y. FRENCH, one of the lead- ing agriculturists of Greene County, engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 17, Willow Township, was born in Livingston County, New York, April 23, 1833, a son of Harley and Mary (Hall) French, who were natives of Connecticut. When a young man he served an apprentice- ship at the carpenter's trade, which he fol- lowed about eight years. He was married in May, 1864, to Miss Christina Sjoberg, a native of Sweden, born October 24, 1841, a daughter of Andes and Anna Sjoberg. They are the parents of five children — Fred, Mamie, Ella, Jessie and Etta. In 1867 Mr. French settled in Chicago, Illinois, where he followed his trade some six years. He then opened a meat market, which he carried on for three years in partnership with Patrick McDonald, when the partnership was dissolved by mu- tual consent. Mr. French then engaged in s i (Iks ■-■-■-"-■■■'■■'-■-■-■-■-■■■-■S»S»a »«"«»-W. l'«»»»«'«»««i if t the dairy business, which he carried on for fifteen yearn. In 1877 he immigrated with his family to Greene County, Iowa, settling where he now resides, which at that time was raw prairie land. His farm now contains 280 acres of well improved and highly culti- vated land, which has been acquired by years of toil and industry. His residence is com- fortable and commodious, and his barns and other farm buildings are among the best in the county. His farm is well watered and is admirably adapted to stock-raising, to which he devotes some attention. Politically Mr. French is a staunch Republican. He has held the office of township trustee for three years, and has also served acceptably as His postoffice is Bayard, school director. Iowa. *«§-**•§* ITEPHEN C. MAYNARD, editor, is also postmaster of Grand Junction. He was born in Bradford County, Pennsyl- vania, February 20, 1846, a son of William E Maynard, a native of Washington County, New York, and now deceased. He was reared on a farm, and received a common English education in the schools of his native county. Most of his knowledge, however, is of the practical order, and has been acquired through stern experience. Losing his father when but thirteen years old, he went, an en- tire stranger, to Binghamton, New York, to learn the printer's trade. After four years he was made foreman of the office in which he was employed. Some months later he was made local editor. In 1868 he came West and worked a year in the office of the Des Moines Bulletin. Next he spent a year at home, after which he was with the State Register. He came to Grand Junction in August, 1871, and took charge of the Head- light, which he bought six months later. He has done well since, though suffering a total loss by fire in August, 1879. He has a com- fortable home. His political service was re- cognized November 23, 1885, by his ap- opintment as postmaster. He is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and was for ten years secretary of the school board. Mr. Maynard was married June 25, 1876, to Miss Carrie E. Miller, daughter of Philo W. Miller, of Grand Junction. They have two children — Claudius W. and Elsie L. » 3n£ » fs^ENRY R. MYERS is the only surviving son of Berlin Myers, one of the pioneers of Greene County. The father was born in Pennsylvania, and when a child __ removed with his parents to Ohio, where he grew to manhood and was married in Tus- carawas County to Miss Mary Ross. In June, 1855, he emigrated to Iowa with his family, and settled on a farm in what is now Washington Township, where he entered a quarter section of land. This farm he im- proved, and lived upon it until February, 1865, when he leased his farm and removed to Jefferson, where, with his sons, Joseph R., John W. and Henry R., he erected a saw-mill where the flouring-mill of Jefferson now stands. Two or three years later he put up the grist-mill, which has since been known as the Jefferson Mills. In February, 1872, Berlin Myers died, but previous to his death he had purchased the interest of his son, John W. Sometime after the death of the father, the two sons, Joseph and Henry, exchanged the mill property for a farm of 240 acres in Grant Township, and they lived upon it several years. Joseph died in 1880, and John died in January, 1883, leaving a wife and one daughter. Joseph left a wife and six BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 413 !! i ■i, 1 children. Henry E. was born January 21, 1839,in Tuscarawas County,Ohio. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Tenth Iowa Infantry, and served until February, 1865. He was in the battles of Champion Hills, Iuka, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, the Atlanta campaign, and Sherman's inarch to the sea. He was a gallant soldier and served his, country faithfully. Politi- cally he is a Eepublican. Mrs. Myers was formerly Mary C. Hall. ~-«§~iwf~f*-~ B. HATFIELD, a prosperous agri- culturist of Hardin Township, resid- L® ing on section 16, was born in Ohio May 9, 1837, his parents, S. H. and Sarah (Benson) Hatfield, being natives of the same State. Mr. Hatfield was reared in his native State, and in his youth learned the shoe- maker's trade, serving an apprenticeship at Dayton, Ohio, which he followed for ten years. He then, in 1856, accompanied his parents to Benton County, Iowa, where he engaged in farming, and has since followed that avocation with the exception of two years spent in the defense of his country. He was a member of Company A, Twenty-eighth Iowa Infantry, and was in several important engagements, including the battles of Yicks- burg and Champion Hills. He was mustered out of the service at Jefferson Barracks and received his final discharge when he returned to his home. Mr. Hatfield's educational ad- vantages were somewhat limited, he attending the common school, which was held in a log school-house, three miles from his home. He was united in marriage in March, 1864, to Miss Elizabeth Sherve, who was born in La Fayette, Indiana, January 1, 1843, a daughter of J. M. and Eliza (Mereckal) Sherve, who were also natives of Indiana. Five children have been born to this union, of whom four are yet living — Scott, born Au- gust 3, 1862; Milton B., born November 22, 1868; Demster D., born November 6, 1872, and Rhoda, born January 20, 1879. Jersey M. was born December 15, 1864, and died December 17, 1877. Mr. Hatfield has met with good success in his farming and stock- raising, and since coming to Greene County he has accumulated his present fine property, which consists of 320 acres of choice land, eight acres of which is forest, the remainder being in a good state of cultivation. In his political views Mr. Hatfield is a Democrat. He has been a member of the Masonic fra- ternity since 1860, an organization in which he takes much interest. Postoffice, Jeffer- son, Iowa. ILLIAM CLIPPERTON, farmer and stock-raiser, residing on section 6, Highland Township, is a native of England, born September 15, 1819. His par- ents, Austin and Annie Clipperton, were also natives of England. They were the par- ents of three sons and six daughters, our subject being the eldest child. They immi- grated to America in an early day, settling in Canada. The father being a farmer, "William was reared to the same occupation, which he has made his life work. He was reared in his native country till his seventeenth year when he sailed* with his parents from Yar- mouth harbor, landing at Quebec in Au- gust, 1836. He remained with his parents until reaching the age of twenty-four years, they having located near New London, Can- ada. He then bought 100 acres of timber land which he cleared and farmed for a time. He came to Greene County, Iowa, in March, 1870, and bought 200 acres of prairie land, ',i< .■.■.■. ■ ■■.a.».». » .ti.»i J»J»J ■■"■"■■■■'-''■■-■■■■■■■■-■■■■■■■■■.■■■■■■I HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. for which he paid $3,400 in gold. For his wife he married Miss Jane Taylor, who was born in Ireland in September, 1830, her par- ents, John and Mary Taylor, also being na- tives of Ireland. The following children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Clipperton — Eliza A., Margaret J. (deceased), John, Neoma, Hannah, William, Margeret J., Mary, Thomas, Frank and Henry. Mr. Clip- perton is a thorough, practical farmer, and since coming to Greene County has added to his original purchase till his farm now con- tains 640 acres of as good land as the county affords. He has a fine orchard containing 400 trees, and his improvements are among the best in the township where he resides. In politics Mr. Clipperton casts his suffrage with the Republican party. ~-*§**wf*§»«" IEEEY C. STREAM, residing on sec- tion 8, Bristol Township, came to Greene County in 1876. In that year he purchased 120 acres of land, which now constitutes his home farm. It was partially improved and a small house had been built. He has since added eighty acres more, erected a good, substantial resi- dence and other farm buildings, and put the whole property under first-class improvement. Mr. Stream was born in Licking County, Ohio, March 27, 1837. In 1854 his parents, Elias and Mary Ann Stream, settled in Put- nam Township, Linn County, this State. He is a brother of William C, Fenton, Calvin, Wilson and Charles Stream, of this county. Perry C. Stream and Miss Annie Langdon, daughter of Luther Langdon, were united in marriage at Cedar Rapids, Linn County, De- cember 18, 1865. They lived in Putnam Township, where Mr. Stream owned a farm, until 1875. After that they lived one year in Johnson County, just previous to coming to Greene County. They have five children — Thomas, Charles, Perry, Harry and Mattie. All are living at home. Mr. and Mrs. Stream are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and Mr. Stream votes the Republican ticket. ' l ** l » fILLIAM H. PIERCE, liveryman, at Grand Junction, was born in Dane County, Wisconsin, December 21, 1847. His father, Nelson Pierce, is a native of Yates County, New York, and was a pio- neer of Dane County, where he still resides. William H. was reared on a farm, and edu- cated in the common schools of his native county. He came to Iowa in 1870, and to Grand Junction in 1877, where he has since resided. He has been in his present business most of the time since he settled here. He keeps a large livery, feed and exchange stable, his building being 100 x 36 feet. He was married September 22, 1877, to Amelia J. Burk, daughter of Allen Burk, of Angus, this State. They have one child — Fred A. Mr. Pierce proved his patriotism during the late war by enlisting three times. He was each time refused on account of being too young. A. TURRILL, of Jefferson, is one of the former superintendents of the 9 public schools of Greene County. He was born in the town of Livonia, Livingston County, New York, in 1839. In 1855 he removed with his father, J. G. Turrill, to Nunda, in the same county. He was edu- cated at the Literary Institute of that village, and began teaching at the age of seventeen ^■mWSfWiiwa^iira^^Mm'm"*"^ !'■■■■■■■■■■■■■' pmm m m m wr=m=M=Mx m mm=Bmmmms mmmm m m w m m m m m M m m m m m m m » nmm m*m m m t imm m u m m maimmmWBm m m m m m w BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 415 years. He continued attending and teaching school until 1861. In April of that year he was made freight and ticket agent for the Philadelphia & Erie Railroad, in Warren County, Pennsylvania. In Septemher, 1864, he enlisted in Company G, Two Hundred and Eleventh Pennsylvania Infantry, and his regiment became a part of the Third Division of the Ninth Army Corps. He served until the close of the war, and was discharged in June, 1865. He participated in the capture of Fort Stedman, battle in front of Peters- burg, taking part in the last charge made on the enemy's works at that place. After the war he returned to Nunda, New York, and studied law with George Osgood, Esq., for about two years, but resumed teaching. He came to Jefferson in October, 1867, and has been connected with school work nearly all the time since. In the fall of 1877 he was elected superintendent of schools of Greene County, and served eight years. Under his supervision the schools made rapid progress, and approached a high standard. April 14, 1868, Mr. Turrill was married, at Nunda, New York, to Miss Mary E. Stilson, of that town, who was born in Burmah, Farther India, in 1843. Her father, Rev. Lyman Stilson, was then a missionary in that far distant land and was accompanied by his family. In 1853 when Mrs. Turrill was in her tenth year, the family returned to America. She received excellent educational advantages, and began teaching at the age of seventeen years; she has devoted much of her life to that profes- sion. In the autumn of 1885 Mrs. Turrill succeeded her husband as superintendent of schools of Greene County. Her long experi- ence in the profession renders her eminently qualified for this position. Previous to her marriage, she was for four years engaged as bookkeeper for a business house in Phila- delphia. Mr. and Mrs. Turrill have three children — Gardner L., born in 1870; Mary L., born in 1872; and Willie, born in 1877. Their third child, Boyd D., died in infancy, in 1874. Nathan P. Stilson, a brother of Mrs. Turrill, was born in Burmah in 1845. He was educated at Nunda, New York, and came West in 1849, where he engaged in teaching for a number of years. He was county surveyor of Greene County from 1873 until 1877. He is now in Union, Oregon, in the employ of the Government as civil engineer and surveyor. fOHN O'CONNOR, section 27, Wash- ington Township, is a native of County Clare, Ireland, born about the year 1816. He grew to manhood in his native country, and was there married to Miss Margaret Eyras, a daughter of Lawrence Eyras. Ten children were born to them, six of whom are still living — Mary, Annie, Michael, John, Margaret and Eliza. In the spring of 1864 Mr. O'Connor immigrated with his family to America, settling in Limestone, New York, where he worked in a tannery thirteen months, and for several years worked at various occupations. In 1867 he came to Iowa, locating first at Le Claire, where he spent three months. The same year he went to Dubuque, Iowa, where he worked as a farm laborer for one year. He was then em- ployed on the Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad for two years, and during this time lived at Fort Dodge one year, and one year at Des Moines. In 1870 he came to Greene County, Iowa, when he located on the farm where he has since made his home. He was one of the first settlers in his part of the township, there being but one house between his and Grand Junction. His land was almost entirely unimproved, and his nearest I i > 5 r' 8 2 Is n\ & T' 'J 1 is II .■.■.■.■.B„B B H.«„»„ll.» a II.M.B.a.».».l.a.a.B„B.«.«.l.„H > .B . M .«.«.H.«.l«S»J i t) 416 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. trading point was Perry, ten and a half miles distant. He began life in limited circum- stances, but by hard work, strict economy and good management he has met with success in his farming and stock-raising, and is now the owner of 200 acres of choice land, the entire surroundings of his place proving him to be a thorough, practical farmer. fOHN INBODY, of the firm of Inbody & Covell, Jefferson, is one of the old residents of that city, having located there in August, 1868. He is the oldest man in the foundry business in that place. When he first came there he was associated with William Price in blacksmi thing. The following spring he bought his partner's in- terest, but was associated with various parties at different times. February 27, 1882, he engaged in the foundry business with his present partner, M. J. Covell. This firm are the owners and proprietors of the foundry and machine shops of Jefferson. Mr. Inbody was born in Elkhart County, Indiana, in 1844. His parents were Jacob and Susan Inbody. In the spring of 1853 the family removed to Iowa and settled on a farm in Linn County, near Cedar Rapids; the father still resides on that farm. John was reared on a farm, and in February, I860, he began an apprenticeship in the blacksmithing busi- ness at Cedar Rapids, where he worked about three years, and then went to Goshen, Elk- hart County, Indiana, where he worked for some time, and also at other points. He came to Jefferson from Linn County, where he had worked the two preceding years. Mr. Inbody was bound out when a boy and began life with nothing. On the 16th day of July, 1877, he sustained a severe loss by fire. Al- though he had no insurance on his property, he resumed business the following Novem- ber. Mrs. Inbody was formerly Miss Mattie L. Shorey, daughter of Washington Shorey. She was born in Oswego County, New York. Their two children are — Josie E. and Nellie May. Charles E., their second child, died at the age of ten years; the oldest son, James W. died in infancy; two others also died quite young. Mr. and Mrs. Inbody are members of the Baptist church. Politically Mr. Inbody is a Democrat. He is a member of the Blue Lodge of Masons, and is also a Knight Templar. He has an excellent li- brary of standard works, and is well informed on the general topics of the day. » jni « R. JOHN M. SHERMAN, of Paton, Iowa, was born in Switzerland County, Indiana, May 8, 1851, a son of Haven Sherman, of Davis County, Iowa. Haven Sherman is a native of Jefferson County, In- diana, born on land on which his father set- tled over seventy years ago. Our subject was brought by his parents to Davis County, Iowa, in 1856, they being among the early settlers, and there he was reared on his father's farm, living there till reaching the age of twenty-one years. He received good educational advantages in his youth, attend- ing the common school, and later the Normal school at Troy, Indiana. He completed his medical studies at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, at Keokuk, Iowa, graduating from that institution March 2, 1880. He was engaged in teaching school for two years, when he came to Paton, locating at this place in June, 1875, where he has since followed the practice of medicine, building up a large and lucrative practice. He built the first business house at Paton, and in connection with his medical practice has established a ; «EgSg5™ Sg5 g SBSBggSgg B 5gag^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 417 first-class drug store, where he keeps a full line of drugs, medicines, wall paper, paints, oils, watches, clocks and jewelry, books, glass- ware and notions, and by his strict attention to the wants of his customers, and reasonable prices, he has made his business a success. Dr. Sherman was married September 19, 1875, to Miss Mary E. Burdette, a daughter of Joseph Burdette, deceased. They are the parents of three children — Bertie A., Lemont A. and Joseph Guy. The doctor is a mem- ber of the Central District Medical Associa- tion, of Iowa, and of the Iowa State Medical Society. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Paton. |[HARLES LONG was born in Eandolph County, Illinois, September 8, 1846, son of James and Sarah Long. When he was two years of age his father died, and when he was twelve years of age his mother also died. At the age of sixteen years he began to learn the cooper's trade, which he followed twelve years, having become a resi- dent of Noble County, Indiana. He was married there November 16, 1868, to Miss Ellen Ballah, daughter of Mrs. Sarah Ballah. Mrs. Long was born in Franklin County, Ohio, August 18, 1850. Mr. and Mrs. Long became residents of Greene County in 1874. They have one son — Orton O., born January 2, 1873. The present residence of Mr. and Mrs. Long is on section 17, Bristol Township. They first settled in Kendrick Township, where they lived six years. They then took charge of the Greene County poor farm, in Bristol Township, which they man- aged successfully five years. Upon leaving that institution they came to their present home, which was in March, 1886. Mr. Long has placed his fine farm of eighty acres in a good state of cultivation. His residence was built in 1882, which for a time was occupied by a tenant. Mr. Long is a Republican, and is a member of the Odd Fellows order, Jeffer- son Lodge. *&*£* OBERT HANSON, one of Scranton Township's enterprising farmers, resides on the east half of section 7, where he owns a good farm of 320 acres. In 1880 his land was wild and naked prairie, but now it is one of the best farms in the township, the result of hard and persistent work on the part of Mr. Hanson. He is a native of Den- mark, born October 8, 1851, a son of Hans and Botilde Hanson. His father is deceased, and his mother still lives in her native coun- try. Robert Hanson came to the United States a poor boy, being obliged to borrow the money with which to pay his passage; but he was possessed of good health and an ambition to succeed in the accumulation of this world's goods, which have been worth more to him than a legacy. He reached Piano, Illinois, four days before his nineteenth birthday, remaining there during the winter, and in March, 1871, he went to Montana and engaged in mining. In the fall of 1872 he went to Utah, and from there in the spring of 1873, to California, where he remained until the autumn of 1877. He then came east to Iowa, having acquired considerable capital in California. He lived in Carroll County three years, and in 1880 established his present home. He remained single during his wanderings, but March 12, 1884, suc- cumbed to the little god, Cupid, and was married to Miss Kirstone Maria Johnson, daughter of Hans Johnson. She is also a native of Denmark, born in 1861, and in 1872 accompanied her parents to America. f I r si '5 M r i M ii i 1 5 \ '( W gg^ggSS i gjZSgiig ^ 418 HISTORY OF GREENS COUNTY. r' • 3 1 1 Mr. and Mrs. Hanson have two children — Robert R. and Botilde J. Mr. Hanson is quite independent in politics, but in national elections votes with the Republican party. Pie is a good representative of the self-made man, so many of whom have been developed in the great West. |f\ENRY BEEBE has been a resident of Greene County since 1865. At that time he settled upon 160 acres of land on section 35, Kendrick Township, which was then in its primitive condition. He sold that farm and removed to his present home in Bristol Township in 18 — , which is one of the most desirable farms in that part of the county. It comprises 270 acres of land in an excellent state of cultivation. It is fenced into five fields. His residence and other farm buildings are noticeably good. Mr. Beebe was born in Steuben County, New York, November 20, 1840, son of Alonzo and Elizabeth Beebe. He was the eldest of a family of six sons and three daughters. When he was quite young his parents re- moved to Kendall County, Illinois, where he grew to manhood. August 21, 1861, he volunteered in defense of his country, becom- ing a member of Company A, Thirty-sixth Illinois Infantry, at Pea Ridge, Arkansas. He received his baptism of fire at Iuka and Corinth, where his regiment lost heavily. He was again in the line of battle and iu the campaign leading to the capture of Yicks- bnrg, and afterward, with his regiment, was transferred to the Gulf department, and in the disastrous Bed River campaign. After three years' service he was honorably dis- charged and went home. He again entered the service as an employe in the quartermas- ter's department, at Yicksburg, and at the close of the war he returned to Illinois, and thence to this county, January 1, 1866. He married Miss Mary Wright, daughter of Willis Wright, of Jefferson. She was born in Putnam County, Indiana, August 15, 1850. To this union five children have been born — Orville, Willie (deceased), Myria, Or- son and Hazen. The parents of Mr. Beebe moved to Chicago in 1864, where they now live a retired life. Their son John also lives in Chicago. Mrs. Sarah Kinsley and Or- semus live in Bristol Township, near neigh- bors to Henry. Orville lives in Kendall County, Illinois. LeGrand lives in Chicago. Mrs. Jennie Large, Mrs. Helen Sherman and Jerome live in California. Orsemus served in the late war as a member of the Eighth Illinois Cavalry, and Orville served in the United States Navy. In politics Mr. Beebe is an ardent Republican. — -**•§-*-*»§»»■■••• f\ M. REEDER, farmer, section 6, Frank- lin Township, is a native of Missouri, ° born May 5, 1839, son of William and Nancy (Morris) Reeder, who were the par- ents of five children, our subject being the fourth. When he was a babe his parents re- moved to Clermont County, Ohio, where he spent his youth in farm work and attending the common schools. At thirteen years of age he came to Cedar County, Iowa. June 7, 1858, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Neeley, a native of Philadelphia, and a wo- man of superior intelligence. She was a daughter of William and Margery (Moffitt) Neeley. Mr. Reeder came to this county in 1875, where he purchased 200 acres of land, and then sold it, coming to his present farm in 1881. He owns 320 acres of excellent land, has a comfortable, well-furnished resi- dence, a good barn and other valuable im- ■"■■■■■■■■■■■^■■ ■■■■■a^S« Ml '■»ii»ii ai« aii"ii«M"i BIOGMAPHICAL SKETCHES. 419 provements. Mr. and Mrs. Reeder are the parents of seven children — Edward, Ella, Emma, Ellis, Hattie, George and William. Mr. Eeeder is politically a Republican, and has served as township trustee. He is a member of Jefferson Lodge, No. 315, I. O. G. T. He started in life a poor man, but has gained a competence by his own ex- ertions. ■ «o» miv m g t l S ** \ 11 1 *°* S. LINN, section 28, Kendrick Township, is a member of the firm j»r? ° of Linn Brothers, and was born in Perry County, Pennsylvania, April 5, 1843, son of John and Jane (McKinzie) Linn, na- tives of Pennsylvania, who reared a family of nine children — Sarah B., Nancy K., Mar- tha, Margaret E., Caroline, W. S., John J., Daniel M. and Elizabeth D. Five of these children are living. Our subjects was reared a farmer and educated in the common schools. During the late war he enlisted August 6, 1862, as a member of Company I, One Hun- dred and Thirty-third Pennsylvania Infantry for nine months. He participated in the bat- tles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, being slightly wounded in the arm in the first named battle. He served eleven months and was honorably discharged. He re-en- listed in August, 1864, in Company C, Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry, General Kilpatrick commanding, and was in all the engagements of that famous cavalry leader. He was hon- orably discharged in May, 1865, and returned home to Perry County, Pennsylvania. In February, 1866, he removed to Ogle County, Illinois, where he lived three years, and in 1869 came to Greene County, this State, and settled on his present farm in Kendrick Township, where he has since resided. He is a member of Powers Post, No. Ill, G. A. R., at Seranton, and politically is a strong Re- publican. P. PHELPS, one of the representative business men of Seranton, is a native Q of Ohio, born in Lorain County in the year 1849. He passed his boyhood days in his native county, receiving a common school education. Before attaining his majority he went to Westfield, Massachusetts, where he engaged in the grain business. For his wife he married Miss L. E. Rininger, a native of Seneca County, Ohio, and to this union have been born four children — Mabel, Edna, Ray- mond and Homer, the eldest born in "West- field, and the remainder natives of Seranton, Iowa. Mr. Phelps came to Seranton from Massachusetts with his family in the spring of 1875, at which time he engaged in the grain and lumber business. In 1878 he sold out his business to his father, Henry Phelps, when he purchased the flouring mill at Seran- ton, which he owned and operated for five years. In 1884 he again took an interest in the grain business with his father, and in August of the same year he purchased his father's interest in the grain business, which he has since conducted, his father still being engaged in the lumber and hardware business, and both are meeting with good success. In his political views Mr. Phelps affiliates with the Republican party. — ~~«g^MS-3~— HORACE L. HENDERSON, fanner, residing on section 22, Jackson Town- ship, came to Greene County in 1873 from Rock County, "Wisconsin, and the follow- ing year settled upon his present farm. He owns 160 acres in his home farm, besides HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. \l eighty acres on section 23, which is also improved. It is one of the best farms in the neighborhood and is devoted to stock-raising. Mr. Henderson was born in Oneida County, New York, March 18, 1832, son of F. W. and Ann Henderson. The family removed to Rock County, "Wisconsin, in the spring of 1850. The father died in that county in 1857. Of their three children Horace L. was the eldest and the only son. The daugh- ters, Mary E. and Elizabeth, are both deceased. In 1858 Mr. Henderson was married to Miss Margaret M. Morris, daughter of William E. and Zabiah Morris, who was born in Ontario, Wayne County, New York, July 3, 1837. Her youth was spent at Rochester. Her family removed tovRock County, Wisconsin, in 1850. The parents now reside in Beatrice, Gage County, Nebraska. Mr. and Mrs. Henderson followed farming in Wisconsin until they came to this county. They have eight children — Mary, wife of Eli Roberts, Frank, Nettie, Henry, Reuben, Jesse, Earl and Charles. All but Mrs. Roberts are still under the parental roof. Politically Mr. Henderson is a Republican. He is one of the representa- tive men of the county. ... tl^nfrffi^, lATRICK REYNOLDS, farmer and stock-raiser, section 19, Junction Town- ^t ship, Greene County, Iowa, is a native of Ireland, born in County Monahan, a son Terrence Reynolds, now deceased. He re- mained in his native country until manhood, and in the winter of 1851-'52 came to the United States and located first in Cayuga County, New York. The next year he went to Genesee County, and in the fall of 1853 came West as far as Illinois, and worked in different counties of that State as a farm hand until 1857, when he came to Iowa and has since called Greene County his home, although for some years he spent a part of his time in Illi- nois. When he first came to Iowa wild animals were numerous and the streams abounded in fish, Mr. Reynolds often going out in the morning and catching enough fish for break- fast. There was but one bridge in the county when he came, and neither school- house nor church. There were but fifteen houses in Jefferson and not a house between Lizzard Creek and Fort Dodge. The most of the trading was done at Des Moines. Mr. Reynolds has been successful and now owns a fine farm of 410 acres, and his building im- provements are comfortable and commodious. He makes a specialty of stock-raising, having some of the finest grades of cattle and hogs. Mr. Reynolds was married October 17, 1876, to Mary A. Kane, a native of Lower Canada, daughter of Patrick Kane. P. ROOT, one of the prominent business men of Jefferson, has been identified ° with the interests of this town since April, 1875. In October, 1874, Mr. Root came to Greene County from Northfield, Rice Coun- ty, Minnesota, and purchased a farm of Isaac Peterson two and a half miles southeast of Jefferson. In April of the following year he settled upon his farm with his family. In February, 1878, he bought a livery barn in Jefferson of Mrs. Lauahm, which he con- ducted until the fall of 1881, then sold out. May 1, 1882, he bought the east side meat- market of Joseph Hiddleson, which he still owns. He was born in Huron Comity, Ohio, in March, 1845. When two years of age his parents emigrated to Wisconsin, locating in the town of Dartford, then Green Lake, now Marquette County. In 1860 the family re- moved to Northfield, Minnesota, where the >>W_W,»» W M » „W„ W , W CT B M M ,B.a^» mM . a ,B„M M IB M a,^ M H M M M IE^gS»JBr,ll», a»M M a M W M l»SM^»«» «"lB' BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 421 father, John L. Root, died in October, 1880. The mother, Maria (Clinton) Root, came to Greene County after the death of her hus- band and is now the wife of William Craw- ford. There are three surviving children of John L. Root and wife — Elizabeth, wife of Joseph Sargent, of Minneapolis; John C, a resident of Brownton, McLeod County, Min- nesota, and D. P. The latter was married at N orthfield to Miss Ella F. "Wayne, a native of "Wisconsin. They have four daughters — Hattie L., Margie, Jessie and Mary. Horace L. and an infant son are deceased. <*nh VENRY KETTELL, salesman for Mish & Co., Grand Junction, was born in Buckinghamshire, England, August 21, 1840, son of Joseph and Elizabeth Kettell, natives of the same place, the former being deceased, and the latter living in England at the age of eighty-three years. Our subject came to the United States in the spring of 1858, settling in Tipton, this State, where he followed brick-laying and plastering until 1863. He then enlisted in Company B, Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry, and partici- pated in the battles of Mansfield, "Winches- ter, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, and several others. He removed to Wilton Junction, Muscatine County, Iowa, in the fall of 1865, living there two years, then went to Durant, Cedar County, and lived until 1869, coming to Grand Junction at that time, where he has since resided. He followed his trade most of the time until 1883, when he accepted his present situation. November 28, 1867, he married Josephine M. Deming, daughter of George Deming, of Durant, and to this union were born three children, two of whom are living — "William H. and Laura E. Mrs. Kettell died September 30, 1880, and in De- cember, 1881, Mr. Kettell was married to Diantha C. Peninger, daughter of Joseph Peninger, of Grand Junction. They have one child — Edwin Blaine. Mr. Kettell is a member of the Odd Fellows society, also of the Grand Army of the Republic. fAMES J. WILLIAMSON, engaged in farming on section '31, Washington Township, where he owns forty-two acres of choice land, is a native of Ohio, born in Madison County, January 31, 1843, a son of James Williamson, who is now deceased. His father was born in North Carolina, and in 1823, when twenty-one years old, he located in Madison County, Ohio. He had received no education up to that time, and seeing the young men of the north so much in advance of those of the south he determined to edu- cate himself, and by private study and close observation, he became sufficiently educated to engage in teaching school. He subse- quently engaged in the mercantile business. He was commissioned Colonel of a militia regiment under Governor Brough. James A. Williamson, the subject of this sketch, was reared to agricultural pursuits, which he has followed through life, and in his youth he attended the common schools, where he received a fair education. In 1852 he was brought by his parents to McLean County, ) Illinois, where he remained till 1868. Sep-" tember 25, 1866, he was married to Miss \ Elizabeth Greene, a daughter of Joseph Greene, of Harrison County, Missouri. Ten children have been bora to this union.of whom six are living — Lura, Olive, James G., Martha, \ Ellen and Marshall. Three of their children died of diphtheria. In the fall of 1868 Mr. Williamson removed to Harrison County, Missouri, and the following year came to «»■■»»«■ ■m°«i»i™^» ■■—— ■■■ *.■---■ 422 HISTORY OF GREENE OOUNTY. Des Moines, Iowa, thence to Greene County in 1870, where he has since resided, and in March, 1881, settled on his present farm in Washington Township, and by industry and good management he has brought his farm under an excellent state of cultivation. j|||EORGE W. STATES, farmer, section \vlW ^' "Washington Township, was born in \A Fairfield County, Ohio, April 17, 1850. His father, Emanuel States, of La Salle County, Illinois, emigrated to that county in 1861. He was reared on a farm, and edu- cated in the high-school of Ottawa, Illinois. He taught school during the winter season for twelve years, and worked on the farm during the summer. While in Illinois he held the office of township assessor, and town- ship trustee. He came to this county in the spring of 1881, locating upon his present farm, where he owns 160 acres of land. He was married February 26, 1881, to Jennie Harman, born in Upper Canada in 1860. They have one child — Burton J. Mr. States is serving as assessor, and has been road supervisor. In politics he is a Greenbacker. »3«-*S-« iJRANCIS T. RICE, farmer, section 29, §1 Washington Township, was born in Athens County, Ohio, August 15, 1819, son of Henry Rice, deceased, a native of Vir- ginia, who came to Ohio when young. He was reared on a farm, and educated in the subscription schools of that day. The schools were taught in log cabins, with slab seats, and boards on pins for desks. There were puncheon floors, clapboard roofs, huge fire- places in one end of the room, with mud and stick chimneys and stone back walls. Our subject came to Fountain County, Indi- ana, when nine years old, and to Dallas County, this State, in 1852, where he entered 320 acres of land and settled among Indians arid wild animals. He came to Greene County July 4, 1855, thence to Leavenworth, Kan- sas, in March, 1858, thence to Champaign County, Illinois, in August of the same year, thence back to Dallas County, Iowa, in 1864, and to this county in 1873, settling in Wash- ington Township, which has since been his home. He owns eighty acres of land, and is engaged in farming and stock-raising. He was married May 13, 1849, to Martha J. Kip- linger, daughter of Jacob Kiplinger, now deceased. They are the parents of eight chil- dren — Columbus, Margaret, Eveline, Isabelle, Charles, Aaron, William and James. While in Kansas he helped to make it a State, and voted under musketry and cannon. ~~ «§~>»S-"i-— — fAMES B. JOHNSON, proprietor of the marble and granite works at Grand Junction, was born in Toronto, Canada, January 21, 1844, son ot Oliver Johnson, a native of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, now deceased. He was educated in his native town, and graduated from Musgrove & Wright's College of that place in February, 1865. A few weeks later he came to the States and enlisted in the Union Army, be- coming a member of Company G, Forty- ninth New York Infantry. He served awhile as private clerk for the Sergeant of the bar- racks at Hart's Island, New York harbor, and was then commissioned as Captain's clerk, and served in that capacity until discharged May 12, 1865. After the war he went to California, via Nicaraugua route, and con- ducted a meat market at Jenny Lind, in that State, for three years. In 1868 he returned BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. .n. B .B.B.B^ HJ 423 to Canada then went back to California and opened a meat market in the same place as when there before. In one year he returned to Canada. In 1870 he went to Wooster, Ohio, thence to Moberly, Missouri, thence back to Wooster, and in the fall of 1879 came to Grand Junction, bringing his family the following year, where they have since resided. He was married October 6, 1874, to Ella S. Siegenthaler, daughter of Alfred J. Siegen- thaler, of "Wooster, Ohio, and they have six children — Minnie, Maude, Georgia, Annie, Gertie and Edward. Mr. Johnson served as assessor of Grand Junction two years, and school director one term. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias, Legion of Honor, An- cient order of United Workmen and Knights of Labor. He is also a member of the Pres- byterian church. He is one of the solid bus- iness men of Grand Junction. ►inf. fOHN GRAY, an early resident of Jeffer- son, and one of the well known business men of that city, is engaged in the har- ness trade, his location being in the Opera- House Block. He established his business in January, 1868, and was first located on the northeast corner of the square, where he put up a frame building and occupied it about three years. The first harness-maker of Jefferson was J. F. Anderson, who was still here when Mr. Gray opened the business. About 1871 Mr. Gray and Mr. Anderson formed a partnership, which continued about two years. He was then alone for a time. In 1874 he sold out to Philip Rodocker and settled upon a farm in what is now Grant Township, and engaged in fruit culture, with some peach and pear trees. This enterprise was not altogether a success, the climate proving too severe. He still owns the fruit farm. In January, 1880, he re-engaged in business. Mr. Gray was born in Tioga County, Pennsylvania, December 24, 1833. His parents were Lester W. and Diantha P. Gray. When he was five years of age the family removed to Illinois and settled in Galesburg. In 1844 the parents removed to Aurora, same State, where the father died in the fall of 1881; the mother is still living at Aurora. They had four sons and one daugh- ter, all of whom grew to maturity; they lost two sons in early life. At the age of seventeen our subject began learning his trade at Aurora, and after completing it worked a part of the time and attended school a part of the time in Henry, Illinois, and also at other points. In 1855 he engaged in the coal trade with his father, continuing in that business for two or three years. In 1858 he resumed his trade at Wataga, near Galesburg, remaining until September, 1861, when he enlisted in the service of his country. He became a member of Company K, Forty-fifth Illinois Infantry, serving three years and three months. When the regiment was mustered into the service he was made First Lieutenant of his company. He participated in the capture of Fort Donel- son, and was both days in the terrible fight at Shiloh. The first day of that battle Cap- tain B. T. Holcomb, of his -company, was disabled, and Mr. Gray commanded the company during the remainder of the battle. His regiment lost heavily in this struggle. Of the thirty-nine men who went into the fight only thirteen returned, the remainder being either killed or wounded. Lieutenant Gray commanded the company much of the time during the remainder of his term of service; taking part in the siege of Corinth, thence to Jackson, Tennessee. In the Holly Springs expedition he was aid-de-camp to General T. J. McKean, a position which he occupied until mustered out of service in ■"■■■■i"! 424 »B^RgWgWS»Bl^P » aw=ii M 1 M WSMgW W W M M El lii m 8 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. December, 1864, his term of enlistment having expired. He then returned to his home in Knox County, Illinois. He reached his majority about the time the Republican party was organized, and cast his first presi- dential vote for John C. Fremont in 1856. In 1867 he represented his district in the Legislature of Illinois. Mr. Gray has been engaged a part of the time in the real estate business. He was married in Illinois, before the war, to Lucretia A. Smith, who was born in Eochester, Peoria County, that State. They have three children — Ward, "Wade and Percy. Lester died when in his twentieth year. Frank, and another one named Percy, died in early childhood. ►*-»*< [ILLIAM G. EOBY, wagon and car- riage maker at Grand Junction, was J^j born in Utica, New York, February 14, 1832. His father, Silas Roby, now of Imlay City, Michigan, is a native of Reeds Ferry, Massachusetts, on the Merrimac River. He settled on a farm in Michigan in 1842. Our subject left home when thirteen years of age, and when sixteen years old went to learn his trade in Romeo, Michigan; he also learned the carpenter's* trade and the millwright trade, which he followed several years. He came to this county in 1870 and built the mill ele- vator here, and also put up many scales., His elevators have hopper bottoms. He estab- lished his present business here in 1870, which he has continued ever since, and occa- sionally does some carpenter work. He was married March 4, 1856, to Elsie Brockway, of Clyde, New York, daughter of Freeman Brockway, who is now deceased; her mother is living with her, and is seventy-three years old. Mr. and Mrs. Roby have had eight children, five of whom are living — Charles, Nellie, "William, Orville and Minnie. Frank died M^arch 3, 1886, at the age of fourteen years. Mr. Roby served as constable eight years, was deputy sheriff one term, marshal three terms, and road supervisor two years. He is a member of the society of Good Templars. UGUSTUS KOENIG is a native of Prussia, Germany, born in the province ■■#>»-■ of Mecklenburg, on the River Elbe, March 15,, 1828, a son of Peter and Sophie Koenig. He is the third of a family of six children, and the only one to leave the father- land. His parents both died about 1881 and but two of their children are living — Augus- tus and Theodore. The father was a tanner and Augustus worked with him in his youth. "When twenty years of age he left home and embarked for the United States, landing at New York City in the summer of 1848. Proceeding "West he made his home in the then small village which is now the capital of "Wisconsin, living there until 1871, when he came to Iowa and located on section 19, Scranton Township, Greene County, being the pioneer settler of his neighborhood. His farm contains 160 acres of choice land, all well improved. Mr. Koenig was married in Madison, "Wisconsin, November 8, 1851, to Miss Sophia Brockmiller, a native of Prussia, Germany, born May 25, 1834. They have had thirteen children — William, born Au- gust, 1853; George, born September, 1854, died in infancy; Charles, born February, 1856; Augustus, born March, 1857; Otto, February, 1862; Henry, February, 1864; Emma. September, 1865; Louis, August, 1867; Eida, January, 1869; Ella, March, 1871; Mary, December, 1873; Albert, May, 1875; Lilly, July, 1878. Mr. Koenig and BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 425 his family are members of the Lutheran church. In polities he is a Democrat. He was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, going out under Captain Fairchild, later Governor of Wisconsin, and now comman- der-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Re- public. ►*-*• fOSIAH JONES, residing on section 23, Jackson Township, owns one of the finest quarter sections of land in the township. He was born in the State of New Hampshire, November 19, 1833, son of Samuel and Mir- iam Jones, also natives of New Hampshire. The family emigrated to Bureau County, Illi- nois, in 1837, where the father died at Prince- ton, May 11, 1880. The children were — Joseph F., Josiah, Sarah E., Mary A., Enoch (deceased), Mrs. Henrietta Sayers, Mrs. A. Phillips, and Anna M. (deceased). Mr. Jones, though possessed of ample means, has thus far lived a single life and refuses to become a benedict. His sister is his housekeeper. He has been very prosperous since coming to Greene County, and is one of the leading citizens of the county. He is known to be an honest man in all his dealings with his fellow man. Politically he is a Democrat. SI|YERETT T. OXLEY, farmer, section I. 5, Junction Township, is a native of Linn County, Iowa, born December 22, 1852. His father, James M. Oxley, is a na- tive of Indiana, and came to Iowa when a young man, being one of the pioneers of Linn County. Everett T. was reared a farmer, re- ceiving a common-school education in his native county. He moved to Greene Coun- ty in March, 1876, and settled on the farm where he now lives. He owns eighty acres of good land, well improved, with a pleas- ant residence and good farm buildings. He is one of the representative men of his town- ship, taking an active interest in everything that pertains to the public welfare. He has served as road supervisor and school director, and at present is serving as constable. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order, in which he is much interested. Mr. Oxley was mar- ried in November, 1875, to Elizabeth Cor- nell, daughter of James D. Cornell. They have five children — Edgar F., Nellie L., Ma- bel A., Herman and Florence R. -*-«|*^Mj^**- J. JONES, farmer, section 14, Ken- drick Township, was born in Chautau- qua County, New York, October 24, 1836. His father, Benjamin Jones, was a native of Canada, and his mother, Sophia (Baker) Jones, was a native of Massachu- setts. The parents were married in New York, and reared a family of eight children — William, Phillip, Phebe, Samuel, Matthew, Allen, Hiram J. and Oshea. Our subject was reared a farmer and received his educa- tion in the common schools of his native county. When eighteen years of age he re- moved to Henry County, Illinois, and in 1861 he went to the mining regions and spent four years in Idaho and Montana, en- gaged in mining, and met with fair success. In 1864 he returned to his native county, where he lived three years engaged in the oil business. In 1868 he removed to Greene County, this State. July 3, 1870, he was united in marriage with Mrs. Angeline Buck, who was the mother of eight children — Car- oline, Lovina, Hiram, Jennette, Mary, Allen, Martha and Samuel. Mr. and Mrs. Jones have had five children — Benjamin, ■■■■■ ■■■■■■ '■■■■■■■'■■■■i Pleasant, Charley, Dora; Ida is deceased. Mr. Jones owns one of the best farms in the township. It contains 340 acres, which is well improved and well cultivated. He has a fine two-story residence, built in modern style, well furnished, a large and commodious barn for stock and grain, and everything about the farm denotes enterprise and thrift. Mr. and Mrs. Jones are worthy and zealous members of the Methodist church, and are liberal supporters of the gospel. Politically Mr. Jones affiliates with the Republican party. ^a»Hi^-a» gng HM-A a 3 l l £ « (I ' l l «b> fAMES SANDERS, proprietor of Star Restaurant, Grand Junction, was born in South Wales December 25, 1829. His father, James Sanders, was a native of the same country, and removed to London, England, with his family when his son was quite young. They came to America in 1864, and lived in Chicago one year, then came to Clinton County, Iowa; thence to Jefferson, this county, in 1866, and ran a hotel and restaurant, also a billiard hall for three years. 32 J The father is deceased. Mr. Sanders came to Grand Junction in April, 1871, and en- gaged in keeping a restaurant and billiard hall. He spent two years at Rippey, this county, then returned to Grand Junction. He was married in England May 2, 1856, to Miss Ann Downey, daughter of John Downey, deceased. They have had nine children, eight of whom are living — William T., James, Harry, Annie, Charley, Lillie, May and Rosa. James married Ida Staley, who is recently deceased, and has one child — William. Annie married Clem Edson, of Sanborn, this State. -—f**Hf-f«— B. HAIGHT, a farmer of Kendrick Township, is one of the intelligent ° and enterprising citizens of Greene County, and was born in Lenawee County, Michigan, December 8, 1831, son of Benja- min and Alma (Beech) Haight, the former a native of New York, and the latter of Ver- mont. They were the parents of ten chil- dren, our subject being the third child. He was reared a farmer and educated in the com- mon schools. When he was thirteen years of age his parents removed to Walworth County, Wisconsin, where he lived seven years, then returned to his native State. He was united in marriage, April 11, 1855, with Miss Harriet A. Wood, who was born in the State of New York, and reared in Michigan. Her parents were Harry and Ann (Cure) Wood. Mr. Haight remained in Michigan, engaged in contracting and building, until 1859, when he removed to Walworth County, Wisconsin, where he lived until 1868, then removed to Clinton, Iowa, remaining in that place about ten years, then came to Greene County, this State. He settled upon his present farm in 1882. He owns 240 acres of excellent land, well improved and in a HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. good state of cultivation. He has a good story-and-a-half residence, surrounded with shade and ornamental trees, a fine orchard and a large native grove. Mr. and Mrs. Haight are the parents of three children — Cynthia May, now Mrs. Hicks, W. N. and Adelbert M. Mr. Haight is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and belongs to Lodge No. 4=02, and is master of the same. Politi- cally he affiliates with the Republican party. i' St iS 'i .ANIEL EDWARDS, farmer, section 25, Jackson Township, owns 120 acres of very choice land, and it is one of the most productive farms in the county. Mr. Edwards was born in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, May 8, 1829. His parents, . Daniel and Mary Edwards, were born, reared and married in Wales, and their three oldest children were born in that country. Daniel is the eighth in a family of nine children. His parents settled in Armstrong County, where the father died in 1836, leaving 180 acres of land. After his death the property descended to Edward, the second son, who became the supporter of the family. Selling the property, he settled in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, where he is still living on the old homestead in Armstrong County, upon which is one of the heaviest flowing oil wells in that State. The mother lived with Ed- ward until her death, surviving her husband nearly thirty years. Four of her sons and two daughters are living — Edward, William, Mrs. Mary Springer, of Pennsylvania; Elias, of Jasper County, this State; Mrs. Amelia Hogeland, of Eayette County, and Daniel. Mr. Edwards was married July 23, 1855, in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, to Miss Nancy Jane Tubbs, who was born in New York July 29, 1838. They settled in McKean County, where they lived until 1867, when Mr. Edwards sold his farm and removed to Hillsdale County, Michigan. One year later he came to Jasper County, this State, where he owned at different times three good farms. He resided there until 1882, then became a resident of Greene County. Here he has also made several changes, living the first year on a farm in Grant Township, owned by Captain Head, in the meantime buying prop- erty near the fair grounds at Jefferson, which he sold without occupying. In 1883 he bought a good farm of 160 acres in Bristol Township, section 34, and moved there in March, 1886. He exchanged that property with Mr. James Averill for his present home, and feels perfectly satisfied to make a per- manent home. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards have ten children — Mrs. Mary Ann Mitchell, of Jasper County, this State; Timothy D., a farmer of Jackson Township; H. Orrisa villa, Etta May, Frederick, Eva, Flora, Jennie, Lulu and Eda. Nellie died at the age of five years. Mr. and Mrs. Edwards have been in sympathy with the Christian church for many years. Politically he is an ardent Republican. ||ENJAMIN BOLIN, farmer and stock- raiser, section 16, Junction Township, where he has eighty acres of choice land, was born in Owen County, Indiana, Novem- ber 25, 1839, his father, Benajah Bolin, who is now deceased, having been born in the State of North Carolina. Our subject was reared to the avocation of a farmer, which he has made his life-work, and received his edu- cation in the common schools of his native county. He served as a soldier for three years during the war of the Rebellion, en- listing in Company. H, Fourteenth Indiana Infantry, and participated in a number of battles, including the battles at "Winchester, Antietara, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, battle of the "Wilderness and the seven days' fight on the peninsula. After the war he returned to his native county, and in 1871 removed to Christian County, Indi- ana, where he remained until 1875. In Feb- ruary of that year he came to Iowa, and lived in Boone County until 1876, since which he has made his home in Greene County, Iowa. October 14, 1878, he was united in mar- riage to Mrs. Rilla Hagood, a daughter of Jesse Harden, deceased. She has one child by her first husband, a son, named Charles E. Hagood. In politics Mr. Bolin casts his suffrage with the Republican party. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. Quiet, unassuming, industrious and strictly honorable in all his dealings, Mr. Bolin has gained the confidence and respect of all who know him. ARUOJST ALONZO SMITH is a son of Pardon and Jane (Maby) Smith. They were natives of New York, came to Ohio in 1834, to Illinois in 1839, and to Iowa in 1856, locating in Clinton County, where both died. Pardon was born in Ogle County, Illinois, September 1, 1840, and lived with his parents till nearly twenty-one. He enlisted in August, 1861, in the Eighth Iowa Volunteer Infantry, and served till September 28, 1864. He then farmed in Clinton County till 1868, and in Greene County till 1878. He was then in Kansas for two years; next farmed for two years more in Greene County. After this he was for two years marshal and street commis- sioner of Scranton. In February, 1884, he bought the Journal, to which he has since devoted his time. He was married February 9, 1865, to Miss R. L. Alger, of DeWitt, Clinton County. They have six children — Lowrie (foreman in the Journal office), Ar- thur A., Claude D., Edith G., Mary Pearl and Orrin Leo. Mr. Smith is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and, with his wife, belongs to the Adventist church. " > *""'»Sr*^ M J*"#"^ ' W. PARK, stock and lumber dealer at Jeffersoti, has been a resident of Greene County, since May, 1869. At that time he settled on section 32, Grant Township. The farm was wholly unim- proved, and the township neighbors were very scarce, the principal settlements being along the streams. Mr. Park improved the place, lived upon it about twelve years, then sold it to Mrs. Meath, who still owns it. He removed to Jefferson in the spring of 1880, and in 1885 he built his present fine resi- dence on North Main street. Mr. Park is a member of the firm of McCarty & Park, extensive stock-dealers. It is one of the largest firms of that kind in Iowa, having buyers at different stations along the narrow gauge railroad. Mr. Park is also a member of the lumber firm of Best & Park. He is a native of the Green Mountain State, born in "Windsor County, where he was reared to agricultural pursuits. In 1857 he went to Mazomanie, Dane County, Wisconsin, where he settled upon a new farm, which he im- proved and lived upon until he came to Greene County. He has been twice married. His first wife, whom he married in Vermont, was Lydia Jane Arnold, who died in Mazo- manie. His present wife was Mrs. Lucia M. Stone, ne'e Chamberlain, who was born in Stafford, Orange County, Vermont, in 1821, HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. and a daughter of Samuel Chamberlain, who died in Yermont. She went to Mazomanie in 1866. Mr. Park's parents, Thomas and Lucinda Park, both died at that place, at the advanced age of eighty-four years. Mr. and Mrs. Park have three children — Ada, wife of Edwin "Williams; Ella L., wife of William T. Anderson, and Frank L., who is in Cali- fornia. Mrs. Park had three children by a former marriage, two of whom are living — Charles H., Crawford and Genevieve Stone. IJP^ENRY B. HEATH, one of the progress- ive farmers of Greene County, residing on section 8, Hardin Township, is a native of Ogle County, Illinois, born August 28, 1844. His parents, Duna and Mermion (Webster) Heath, were natives of the State of New York, from whence they immigrated to Black Hawk County, Iowa, where the mother still lives at the age of sixty-eight years. The father died in Iowa County, Iowa, in the year 1867. The father being a farmer, Henry B., our subject, was reared to the same avocation. At the age of nineteen years he enlisted in the late war, and was assigned to Company H, Sixth Iowa Cavalry. He was in the division known as the Army of the West, under General Sulley, and par- ticipated in the battles of White Stone Hill, Collins Springs, and several others of less note. He served in defense of his country two years and was mustered out at Sioux City, Iowa, receiving his final discharge at Davenport, Iowa, when he returned to his native State and engaged in farming. He left his native State with his parents in 1855, immigrating to Black Hawk County, Iowa, where he remained five years. He then re- moved to Linn County, Iowa, remaining there till he settled on his present farm in Hardin Township, Greene County, in 1883. He was married in March, 1873, to Sarah Oliver, who was born in Pennsylvania in March, 1846, a daughter of William and Mary (Davey) Oliver, natives of England. They are the parents of five children — Annie, born in March, 1875; Lura, in August, 1877; Henry E., in October, 1879; James 0., in August, 1881, and Clarence H., in June, 1885. Mr. Heath is one of the active and enterprising citizens, and has identified him- self with the wealth and progress of Greene County, and is numbered among its best farmers. In politics he casts his suffrage with the Democratic party. Postoffice, Jef- ferson, Iowa. ' 2 ' ' S »jt** JEORGE W. THOMPSON resides on nf the southeast quarter ot section 32, ?' Grant Township, where he settled in 1883. He purchased his farm of 160 acres of O. W. Park, who made the first improve- ments. Mr. Thompson was born in Jackson County, Indiana, in 1850. His parents were James H. and Ann Thompson, the father dying when George was eleven years of age, after the family had removed to Han- cock County, Illinois. The family remained in that county until 1865, when they removed to La Salle County, same State. In 1874 George W. came to Greene County and pur- chased a farm in Franklin Township, and in 1879 the family settled upon that farm. In 1882 he purchased his present farm, and the following year the family settled upon it. James H. Thompson and wife had ten chil- dren, only two of whom are living — Mrs. Elizabeth Giddons and our subject. The mother died March 14, 1886, at the house of her son George. One of the sons was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, being a member of the One Hundred and Nineteenth Illinois. He died at Memphis in the spring of 1864. Our subject was married in Illinois to Ella Meath, a daughter of Thomas and Anna Meath. The father died in Mendota November 1, 1879, and the mother resides in Chicago. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have six children — Blanche, May, Albert, Augusta, Anna and Ellen. Harry, the eldest, died at the age of sixteen months, and Paul died at the age of seven years. ILLIAM WILSON, of Jefferson, settled in Bristol Township in 1869. He purchased 105 acres of land of j William Combs, on which very little improve- ment had been made. Several years later he sold forty acres of his original purchase, and bought fifteen acres adjoining. He resided on this place until 1882, when he sold out to Thaddeus Banks and removed to Jefferson. Mr. Wilson was born in the town of Fran- conia, Grafton County, New Hampshire, in 1813. He was married in his native State to Almira Everett, who was born in Hanover, that State, in 1814. In September, 1856, Mr. Wilson emigrated with his family to Janesville, Bock County, Wisconsin, where he carried on the dairy business one year. In 1859 he removed to the town of Windsor, Dane County, where he worked a large farm for a number of years. In January, 1864, he enlisted in the Third Wisconsin Cavalry, and served until the close of the war. Three of his sons also were in the army, and all in Wisconsin regiments. His son Samuel served three years in the Second Wisconsin Infantry, which was a part of the celebrated Iron Brigade; he was severely wounded in the left foot at the battle of Gettysburg, July 1863. He is now a resident of Bristol Township. The second son, Nathaniel H., served in the Second Wisconsin Cavalry, and is a resident of La Crosse, Wisconsin. Dan- iel W. served in the Forty-first Wisconsin, and now resides in Webster County, this State. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have four other children — Sarah, wife of M. D. Starring; her first husband, Thomas Woodard, was a soldier in a Wisconsin regiment, and died soon after the war; Alice is the wife of Daniel Conant; Addie is the wife of George W. Day, of Jefferson; Bufus A. is the young- est child. Mr. Wilson's parents were Daniel and Eebecca Wilson, natives of Grafton County, New Hampshire, where they lived until their decease. Mrs. Wilson's parents were Samuel and Mina Dell Everett, also natives of Grafton County, where they spent all their lives. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have been consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church for thirty years. Politi- cally they are all Bepublicans. fAMES C. KINSMAN came to this county in 1873, and resides on the south- east quarter of section 5, Bristol Township. He came from Linn County, this State, ac- companied by his family and widowed mother. The latter died July 20, 1884, aged sixty- nine years and two months. Mr. Kinsman was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsyl- vania, March 14, 1849, son of Asher and Sarah (McDowell) Kinsman, who were natives of that State. In 1857 the family located in what is now West Cedar Kapids, Linn County, and six years later removed to a farm twelve miles south of Cedar Kapids, where the father died a few years afterward. Of their seven children, five are living — Mrs. Mary Bedell, of Jefferson; James O, Mrs. Hannah C. Gray, of Ohio; Jacob, a resident «« ai*ngi»gM- M ».ia.iM.»„w»«.».w,»„ w ,«„^^ HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. IB? of Independence, Iowa, and William, of Bristol Township. February 10, 1873, Mr. Kins- man was married to Miss Hester Listerbar- ger, daughter of John and Maria Listerbarger, formerly of "Westmoreland County, Penn- sylvania. Her parents were among the pio- neer settlers of Linn County, settling where Cedar Eapids now stands in 1840. The father died December 13, 1862, aged forty- nine years. The mother still survives and resides at the old homestead, six miles south of Cedar Rapids. They had nine children, six of whom are living — Mrs. Catherine Mc- Dowell, of Linn County; George, also of Linn County, Mrs. Kinsman, Mrs. Mat- thews, Mrs. Mary Smithers, of Arkansas, and Frank, who lives on the old homestead in Linn County. Mr. and Mrs. Kinsman have lived in their present home since their mar- riage. They have five sons — Charles G., Robert E., Roy S., John Guy and George "W. Mr. Kinsman owns 200 acres of land, all well improved. In politics he is a Republi- can, and has held several positions of trust in Bristol Township. Mrs. Kinsman's mother boarded the man who built the first dam across the Cedar River at Cedar Rapids. The first store opened on the west side, at that place, was in her father's barn. Her mother's brother, David King, operated the first ferry at Cedar Rapids. ici o^o S i \% «J8ni-to« 1TSAAC J. MATTESON, of the firm of T\ Matteson Brothers, carriage manufactur- W ers at Grand Junction, was born in Kane County, Illinois, August 20, 1855. His father, now deceased, was a native of the State of New York, an early settler of Kane County, and came to Greene County in 1867. Isaac J. was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. In 1869 he went to learn the trade of carriage and wagon maker, and in 1870 came to this county, living in this and Carroll counties ever since. He came to Grand Junction in 1880, and built a large factory, 22 x 110 feet, and in 1882 took his brother "William as partner. They make carriages, buggies, wagons, road carts, sleighs, etc., and are doing a good business. They do all of their own painting and finishing. Mr. Matteson was married September 10, 1874, to Miss Idell Powell, daughter of Henry Powell, deceased. They have two children — Guy and Clarence. EORGE LUNNON, farmer, section 19, Franklin Township, is a native of Buck- inghamshire, England, born December 25, 1843, son- of George and Ann (Jenkins) Lunnon, who were the parents of eight chil- dren — Emma, George, Sarah, Lizzie, Rich- ard, "William, John and Martha. "When George was a babe his parents removed to the West India Islands, where they lived two and a half years, when they came to the United States, locating in Baltimore, Mary- land, where they lived about nine years, then came to Johnson County, this State. George was reared a gardener, and obtained his edu- cation by studying' at home. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Twenty- second Iowa Infantry, and was engaged in the battles of Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River, siege of Vicksburg, Raymond, Jackson, Mississippi, and "Winchester City. During the last mentioned battle our subject lost his right leg in an attempt to capture a rebel flag. He was confined in hospital from September 19, 1864, until May 5, 1865, first at Baltimore, and later at Davenport, where he was honorably discharged. In 1867 Mr. Lunnon removed to Omaha, Nebraska, where nraj BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 433 he spent six months, thence to Lincoln for two months, thence to Iowa City for three months, thence to Des Moines. He was married August 15, 1879, to Miss Emily- Smith, who was born in Horicon, Missouri, and a daughter of Abner and Sarah Smith. Mr. Lunnon resided in Des Moines until 1876, when he came to this county and lo- cated upon his present farm, where he has since resided. His farm contains 100 acres of well-tilled land. He has a good residence, and comfortable buildings for stock and grain. He also has a fine orchard and a native grove, which gives his farm a fine appearance. Mr. and Mrs. Lunnon had three children — Sarah Jane, "William and Laura Ann. Mrs. Lunnon died January 1, 1880. Politically Mr. Lun- non affiliates with the Republican party. >3n£ » ilCHARD L. HOWARD, an enterpris- ing agriculturist of Junction Township, residing on section 2, is a native of Ohio, born in Stark County December 12, 1849, a son of Lucius and Rose (Farwell) Howard, who were born in Vermont and New Hampshire respectively, the father now deceased. Our subject was reared to agri- cultural pursuits, and has made that the principal avocation of his life, in which he has met with excellent success. He received a fair common-school education in his youth, attending the schools at Keene, Coshocton County, Ohio. He came to Greene County, Iowa, in 1870, settling where he now lives in Junction Township, where he has a valuable farm of 265 acres. He was united in mar- riage November 30, 1871, to Miss Nettie Cooper, a daughter of Ludlow Cooper, who was a soldier in the war of 1812. He died at an advanced age in the spring of 1884. Of the three children born to Mr. and Mrs. Howard, two are living — "William and "War- ner. A daughter, Carrie, died at the age of eight years. In connection with his general farming Mr. Howard is engaged in raising stock, making a specialty of Poland-China hogs. He has held the office of township clerk for the past seven years, serving with credit to himself and to the best interests of his township. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to the lodge at Grand Junction. In her religious faith Mrs. Howard is a Presbyterian. I^t-lfo RS. REBECCA A. ALLEN, proprie- tor of a boarding-house at Grand «$mf^ Junction, was born in Oswego Countv-, New York, August 20, 1832, daughter of Amos Burrows, deceased. January 23, 1850, she was married to John Allen, and has had six children, two of whom are living — Amelia J. and Austin D. Charley Frank died at the age of five years. Amelia mar- ried G. B. Burk, and has two living children — Ida B. and Fannie T. Mr. Burk died, and Mrs. Burk married "William Pierce of this place. They have one child — Fred A. Austin married Mary Steberg, living in Angus, this State, and they have two children — Lena A. and Harry D. Mrs. Allen removed with her husband to McDonough County, Illinois, in 1853, and to this county one year later, set- tling in "Washington Township, then a wild country. They entered their land at Des Moines, which was then a small place, about the size of Grand Junction. They did most of their trading at Des Moines, about fifty miles distant; also had to go there or to Boone County to get their corn ground. The terrible severe weather killed' their cow. Mrs. Allen saw droves of elk, deer, etc., in great numbers: also saw lynx. She has assaaspBB BgSMBB B B gg fi g «»B5BHBga5ggfiEHSBB ajagBj 434 HISTORY OF GREENE GOVUfTT. endured all the hardships and privations of pioneer life, having grubbed land herself to make her garden. There was but one house where Jefferson now stands when Mr. and and Mrs. Allen settled in the county, that was a log house. She sold produce up and down the railroad for some time. She came to Grand Junction in 1872, and kept the St. Louis House two years, then kept the Allen House nine years. She is now keeping a first-class boarding house, and is having a good patronage, which she richly deserves. "■*Hr l *^* -, £" lt Sf*""" ,< " WILLIAM H. PERKINS, of Scranton, Greene County, was born in Adams, l/=%jl^l Berkshire County, Massachusetts, the date of his birth being October 30, 1838, a son of William and Eliza (Hathaway) Perkins. The father of our subject was a native of Massachusetts, and died when he was a child. The mother subsequently married again, and by her second marriage had several children. She died in Massachusetts in 1882. "William H. was the only child of her first marriage. He grew to manhood in his native State, being reared to the avocation of a farmer. In April, 1861, soon after the firing on Fort Sumter Mr. Perkins enlisted in Company B, Tenth Massachusetts Infantry, the brigade to which he belonged consisting of the Tenth and Seventh Massachusetts, the Second Rhode Island, and the Thirty-sixth New York regi- ments. In the winter of 1861 the brigade was engaged in building forts Massachusetts and Slocum, which constituted a part of the defenses of "Washington. In 1862 it took part in McClelland's Peninsular campaign, participating in all of the principal battles of that campaign. Soon after the evacuation of Harrison's landing, Mr. Perkins was taken sick, when he was sent to a hospital at Phila- delphia. "When he had partially recovered he was sent to the camp of distribution at Alexandria, but getting worse, he was dis- charged January 10, 1863, when he returned to Massachusetts. His health having suffi- ciently recovered he re-enlisted in the First New York Light Artillery, Battery A, which was first stationed at Allegheny City, Penn- sylvania, then at Harrisburg, and finally at Chambersburg, where our subject remained till the close of the war, when he returned home without wounds but with health per- manently impaired. After the war he was married to Miss Alice E. Burt, a native of Berkshire County, Massachusetts. Mr. Per- kins left Massachusetts with his family in 1872, when he settled in Rochelle, Ogle County, Illinois, coming thence to Scranton March 5, 1879, where he has since made his home. Politically Mr. Perkins is a Republi- can, casting his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. ' l i tl n ,ICHAEL JOSEPH QUIRK, pastor of Grand Junction Catholic church, "^0^ was born in Vicksburg, Mississippi, November 29, 1838, son of Edwin Quirk, of Delaware County, Iowa, who was born in Cork, Ireland, and is over one hundred years old. He is still hale and vigorous. His mother was Joanna Shane, a native of Quebec, Canada. The father was in Chicago when there was nothing to indicate the future great city except the barracks and a tavern. Our sub- ject was educated at St. Mary's Seminary in Perry County, Missouri, and at St. Vincent's College at Cape Girardeau, and in St. Thomas' Seminary at Bardstown, Kentucky. He received his theological education at St. Frances' Theological College of Milwaukee, "Wisconsin, graduating there in 1870. He ■^ ■ ^^ ■ ^ ■ ^ ■ ^■^ ■ ^■^^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 435 was ordained at Dubuque in November, 1870, by Bishop Hennessy. After bis ordina- tion he went to Clayton County and took charge of mission work in that and adjoining counties until the fall of 1875, when he went to Kickersville, this State, and built a house of worship, being the first resident priest in that place. In the spring of 1877 he went to St. Rose's, in Fayette County, where he had much hard work to do. He finished the church and organized other churches, besides establishing a parochial school there. He came to Grand Junction in September, 1879, and has built up a good congregation. He is building a fine brick church, and has six other appointments besides the one in Grand Junction. He is a very hard worker in the cause of Christianity, sparing neither time nor means to further its interests. «*-" ig » 3 ' < t ' y*^ — ' fOHN H. SWARTZENDRUVER, de^ ceased, was born in the State of Mary- land, May 13, 1827, a son of Christian Swartzendruver, who was a native of Ger- many. He came to America when a young man, settling in Maryland, and when our subject was a lad removed to Fairfield County, Ohio. John H., the subject of this sketch, was reared to manhood in Fairfield County, Ohio, and was there educated in the common schools. He learned the carpenter's trade in early manhood, which occupation he followed several years. In 1856 he went to Peoria, Illinois, and in the spring of 1858 removed to Jackson County, Iowa, where he was mar- ried, November 10 of the same year, to Miss Mary Hurst, a daughter of John Hurst, who was a pioneer of Jackson County, Iowa, having settled there in 1854. He is still living in Maquoketa, Jackson County. To Mr. and Mrs. Swartzendruver were born eight children — Almeda, now the wife of Pro- fessor James M. Scott, of Fairbury, Nebraska; Elizabeth, wife of Harry Ebbles, of Hugo, Colorado; John A., Amos M., Anna M., Albert H., Emma F. and Charles A. In May, 1871, Mr. Swartzendruver removed from Jackson County to Greene County, when he settled with his family on section 25, Washington Township, where his widow still resides. His farm, when he settled on it, was raw prairie land, but by hard work and persevering energy he made the improve- ments on his land and brought it under fine cultivation. He was a good mechanic, and the house which is still occupied by his family was built by him. He began life without means, but by years of industry and strict economy he was enabled to leave his family in comfortable circumstances. He died Au- gust 7, 1881, respected and esteemed by all who knew him. He was a kind husband and an affectionate father, and was a consistent Christian* His mother still lives in Davis County, Iowa, at the advanced age of eighty- three years. ARREN R. GARRETT, general merchant and postmaster of Paton, and an active and enterprising citi- zen, was born in Ellenville, Ulster County, New York, September 8, 1852, a son of Marvin Garrett, who was engaged in the mercantile business at Ellenville. Warren R. remained with his mother till fifteen years of age, his father having died when he was five years old. On leaving his home he went to Wilcox, Elk County, Pennsylvania, where he was employed as a shipping clerk for a lumber company, after which he clerked in the store of the lumber and tanning com- .' HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. pany for some time, when his health failed him, and for two years he was unable to accomplish much. February 14, 1875, he was married to Miss Inez C. Griffin, a daugh- ter of Asa Griffin, of Grant Park, Illinois, and to this union have been born two chil- dren — Mabel and Ethel. In April, 1876, Mr. Garrett located in Grant Park, Illinois, where he made his home till 1880. In No- vember of that year he came to Greene County, Iowa, and engaged in the grocery business, and has since largely increased his stock, and now carries a full line of groceries and provisions, hats and caps, boots and shoes, etc. He carries a capital stock of $4,500, his annual sales amounting to about $20,000. In March, 1884, he was appointed postmaster of Paton, under President Arthur, which office he has since held. He is also a notary public, besides being agent for the North British and Mercantile, Hawkeye and Des Moines Insurance companies, and is doing a good business in this line. Although not members of any religious denomination, Mr. and Mrs. Garrett do their part in sup- porting churches and benevolent institutions. Mr. Garrett is a member of the Masonic fra- ternity, belonging to the lodge and com- mandery at Paton. fOSEPH COOMBS, one of Greene Coun- ty's worthy pioneers, came to this county with his family in April, 1855, making his first home on section 34, Bristol Town- ship. He made the trip from Champaign County, Illinois, in a covered wagon, camp- ing by the wayside every night for five nights. They lived a camp life until August after reaching the county, then occupied a Fouse erected on Mr. Coombs' land in >er, 1856. Mr. Coombs settled in his present home on section 32, same township. The lumber with which he built his first small house he hauled across the prairie forty miles. His farm contains 326 acres, part upland meadow and part timber. It is watered by the North Coon Kiver, making it one of the best stock farms in the county. He has erected large, substantial farm build- ings of all kinds. A remarkable discovery of human remains, supposed to be those of In- dians, occurred in excavating for the cellar of his residence. Nine skeletons, or parts of skeletons, were unearthed, . and all were of unusually large proportions. Scientists be- lieved the remains to belong to a race of giants about nine feet in height. Mr. Coombs was born in Clark County, Indiana, March 20, 1820, son of Joseph and Bachel Coombs, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Kentucky. They were married in Kentucky, and removed to Indiana in the pioneer days with their family of ten chil- dren. Two were born in Indiana. The parents died in Indiana many years ago. Our subject was reared a farmer, and has made that occupation his life-work. For his first wife he married Delilah "Wright, and to this union four children were born — Mrs. Emily J. Gray, of this county; "William M., of Cherokee County; Mrs. Netty Tyler, of Mills County, this State; Mrs. Martha Flicks, who died in this county. Mrs. Coombs died in September, 1847, and after her death Mr. Coombs returned to Indiana and lived in Putnam County until he came to Greene County. In 1849 he was married to Miss Amanda "Wright, daughter of Isham "Wright, and a cousin of his first wife. She was born in that county January 16, 1827. To this union nine children were born — Delilah died at the age of seven years; David H. resides in Jackson Township; Mrs. Malinda All- stott, of Bristol Township; Joseph A. died BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 437 young; Sarah Frances, Oliver H., Willis S. are also deceased ; Clinton W. and George E. are at home. Mr. Coombs was formerly a Democrat, but is now identified with the Greenback party. o^-H lS « 2 t 1 ^ «*-frH' «ai fAMES K. FORBES, farmer and stock- raiser, section 32, Hardin Township, was born in Chester County, Pennsylva- nia, April 12, 1840, his parents, John and Anna (Robinson) Forbes, being natives of the same county. He spent his boyhood days at home on his father's farm, and in 1860 he rented the farm and began farming for him- self, which he followed for one year. He then hired out as a farm hand, working by the month for two years, after which he was engaged in driving a butcher's wagon for two years. He then joined a construction corps, with which he was engaged four months, and during the war he followed Sherman from Chattanooga to Atlanta. Returning to his native home he remained two months, when he came to Illinois looking for a location. He again returned to his home in Pennsylvania, and in 1866 he located in Whiteside County, Illinois, where lie remained four years, work- ing in a mill and at carpentering. Mr. Forbes was united in marriage in January, 1866, to Miss Catherine Wilkinson, who was born February 14, 1839, and is a daughter of Anthony and Anna Wilkinson, natives of Pennsylvania. Of the four children born to this union, three are living — Lewis W., born October 3, 1871; Edith R., born July 21, 1876, and Charles A., born September 1, 1880. Anna E. was born August 23, 1868, and died October 25 of the same year. After living in Illinois for four years Mr. Forbes engaged in farming, which he followed in that State for eight years. He then moved to Calhoun County, Iowa, in 1878, and from there in 1879 he removed to Greene County, Iowa, locating on the farm where he now re- sides. Two years later he returned to Cal- houn County, Illinois, and finally returned to his home in Hardin Township, where he has since made his home. Mr. Forbes com- menced life a poor boy, but by hard work and careful management he has been pros- perous in his agricultural pursuits, his home farm containing 120 acres of valuable land, and he is now numbered among the best farmers of Hardin Township. He is a mem- ber of the Odd Fellows order. Postoffice, Jefferson, Iowa. > Int « D. KELLER, general merchant at Rip- pey, formerly of the firm of Bullock & Keller, was born in Oswego County, New York, April 20, 1847, son of Dermis Kel- ler, a native also of that State. He was reared on a farm, and educated in the graded schools of Fulton, New York. At the age of seven- teen he learned the trade of carpenter and joiner, a trade he followed until 1875. In 1869 he came to Dallas County, this State, where he built a great many dwellings, school- houses, business houses, churches, etc. In 1875 he engaged in the mercantile business at Waukee, Dallas County, and in 1876 came to this place and built a store with Mr. Bullock, with whom he continued until April, 1886, when he sold out and Mr. Keller bought it back soon after. He carries a capital stock of $8,000 to $10,000, and does an an- nual business of $35,000. He keeps dry goods, boots and shoes, hats and caps, cloth- ing, notions, groceries and provisions. He was married December 29, 1867, to Miss Flora Fuller, daughter of Timothy Fuller, de- ceased. They have had two children, only 438 BISTORT OF GREENE COUNTY. one living — Bertha. Mr. Keller has never accepted office. He is a member of the society of Odd Fellows. — »«*!**-£..►!*»-«» — W. THOMPSON, farmer, section 28, Kendrick Township, is one of the ^° enterprising and intelligent citizens of Greene County. He was born in West- moreland County, Pennsylvania, April 26, 1840, son of James and Jane (Park) Thomp- son, who were the parents of twelve children, our subject being the fourth child. When he was eleven years of age his parents re- moved to Linn County, this State, where he was reared a farmer, and received his pre- liminary education in the common schools. Later he attended Cornell College at Mount Vernon, Iowa. At the breaking out of the civil war Mr. Thompson took up arms in defense of union and liberty. He enlisted October 11, 1861, in Company A, Thirteenth Iowa Infantry, and took an active part in several important battles. He participated in the battle of Shiloh, siege of Yicksburg, in Sherman's march to the sea. His regi- ment was in fifty engagements. He was honorably discharged July 21, 1865, at Louis- ville, Kentucky, and received his final dis- charge, together with his pay, at Davenport, Iowa, and returned to Linn County. In 1866 he came to Greene County, his first location being in Kendrick Township. He came to his present farm in 1868, where he has since resided. August 12, 1866, he was united in marriage with Miss Matilda Latimer, a native of Indiana. To this union six chil- dren have been born — Maggie Belle, Josie A., Charlie W., Pleasie, Henry S., Lizzie, and an infant son unnamed. Mr. Thompson owns 250 acres of excellent land, which is in a good state of cultivation, commodious build- ings, a fine orchard, and everything that tends to make a comfortable and pleasant home. Politically he affiliates with the Re- publican party. He is a zealous member of the Free Methodist church, and is considered one of Greene County's most worthy citizens. — -»»»§*$hs*!i**- — ILLIAM H. TEST, restaurant keeper and proprietor of the hotel at Dana, '*4p#J was born in Highland County, Ohio, August 21, 1851, son of Peter M. Vest, of Jefferson, this county, who superintends the extensive grain, coal and lumber business of McFarland & .Riger. William H. was reared a farmer, and educated in the common schools of Cedar County, this State, where his par- ents removed in 1857. He completed his education at Tipton College, in the same county. In 1873 he went to Seward County, Nebraska, returning to Jefferson, this county, in 1880. In the fall of 1886 he removed to Dana and built his hotel. It is well furnished and he is prepared to accommodate the trav- eling public. July 3, 1873, he was married to Isabel Garey, daughter of Tipton Garey, who is deceased. They have had six children, four of whom are living — Virginia, Peter, Edith and Theodore. t©*H|h4^-(|.-2M!-WtHl>-.*<* .^ORACE L. CHILDS, proprietor of Eagle plow and machine shop at Grand Junc- tion, was born in Vermont December 11, 1826, son of Lyman Childs, a native of the same State, and now deceased. He early learned the use of tools, and served an ap- prenticeship at blacksmithing in Montpelier. He has been in manufacturing and machine shops ever since. In 1849 he came to Mc- Henry County, Illinois, and the following ' ■ ■ ■■■ ■ ■ ■ -■-■-■-■-■- ■ -■-■^"-■-■-■-■n"-"^ wS»g»S»ii" 5 Wig wS l 439 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. spring removed to Putnam County, same State, where he worked at blacksmithing un- till 855. He then came to Muscatine, this State, thence to Washington, in 1856, where he operated a job shop and manufactured farm implements until 1864, when he went to Des Moines and remained one year. In 1865 he came to Gr'eene County, settling near Eippey, and in the fall of 1880 came to Grand Junction and built his present shop. He has since added the plow department, uses steam power and the Monarch engine (eight-horse power). He manufactures cultivators, does all kinds of repairing, and is well fixed in business. He was married in August, 1854, to Miss Samantha Gilliland, a daughter of Willis Gilliland, now deceased, and they have had eight children, five of whom are living — Frank, Elmer, Emma, Lillie and Fred. Mr. Childs served as mayor of Grand Junction one term. He has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for the past thirty years; has been a Koyal Arch Mason nearly that length of time. He has been successful in business, and is considered one of the solid men of Grand Junction. "5wf« WILLIAM L. McCEOET, a lumber- man at Eippey, was born in Wash- I'^^M ington County, Ohio, October 21, 1843, son of James McCrory, a native of Washington County, Pennsylvania, who re- moved to Ohio in 1840. He is now deceased. William L. was reared a farmer, and educated in Aledo Academy, in Mercer County, Illi- nois, where the family removed in 1863. He graduated at that institution in 1866, and came to this county in 1876, where he fol- lowed farming until 1883. He then came to Eippey, and engaged in his present business. He deals in all kinds of building materials, dressed and rough lumber, and carries on quite an extensive business. He was married March 20, 1873, to Mary M. Holmes, daugh- ter of John Holmes, of Mercer County, Illi- nois. They have six children — Edna, Delia, John J., Anna, Alice and Clara. Mr. Mc- Crory owns 160 acres of land, which he lets to tenants. He belongs to the order of Odd Fellows, and is a member of the Presbyterian church. Mrs. McCrory is a member of the Baptist church. «»»«§*$w£»f»«~« ILLIAM ALLAN, farmer, section 35, Jackson Township, is one of the lead- ing agriculturists of Greene County, and pays taxes on more real estate than any other man in the township. His home farm contains 280 acres, devoted to stock-raising. He owns 160 acres on section 34, and 160 acres on section 31, Grant Township. Mr. Allan was born in Aberdeenshire, Scot- land, December 22, 1850, son of William and Catherine (Walker) Allan, now deceased. Mr. Allan was reared to a farm life in Scotland. His parents never left their native 6oil. His mother died before he came to America, and his father afterward. He embarked at Glas- gow in June, 1870, for New York City, where he lauded, then came directly to Iowa, and made his home in Cedar County six years. He then came to this county, bring- ing a cash capital of $3,000, made almost entirely by industry and good management. He has been very successful since coming to Greene County. March 3, 1875, in Cedar County, he was married to Miss Lucinda Eorick, who was born in Ohio, and of Dutch descent. Their five children are — Mary, Isabel E., George E., Gracie and Edith. Mrs. Allan is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Allan, though not a ,m^w^* m m m m! B m„m m n m B m m m m m anW^w m w m -mi£B£pKSMjmiM m m m msm \ i ■ I* ) * '■ ! !> BISTORT OF GREENE COUNTY. church member, was reared under the minis- trations of the Scotch Presbyterian church. Politically he is identified with the Republi- can party. He is a member of the Odd Fel- lows lodge at Jefferson. He has a brother, John Allan, who owns 160 acres of land on section 24, Jackson Township, and one sister, Isabel, wife of John Perry, of Washington Township, this county. u-jHf" jAMUEL JAY, of Jefferson, has been a resident of that city since 1868. He was born in Clinton County, Ohio, in 1827, where he was reared to the occupation of farming. His parents were Alexander and Nancy (Spears) Jay, the latter dying when he was an infant, and the former when he was twelve years of age. He was married in Greene County, Ohio, to Miss Elizabeth Mendenhall, who was born in that county in the spring of 1855. Mr. Jay moved with his family to Polk County, this State; thence to Dallas County; thence to Boone County; thence to this county. He purchased town lots and built his present residence two years later. He was for some time engaged in the grocery trade, and later in the lumber and grain business. He served as county treas- urer from January 1, 1872, to December 31, 1878. He succeeded James Stanford, who also served three terms. After he retired from the office of treasurer he was engaged in the abstract business with J. F. Head for a period of three years, when the firm became Jay & Lawrence. In 1884 Mr. Jay sold out to his partner and has since been engaged in farming. He owns a fine farm on section 5, Grant Township, near Jefferson. Mr. and Mrs. Jay have one son and five daughters. Politically he has been identified with the Republican party since its organization. Mr. Jay's father was a native of South Carolina, and in early life removed to Indiana with his parents, where he was married and lived until his decease. After the death of his parents, the grandparents of our subject, James and Jemima Jay, immigrated to Iowa, where they passed the remainder of their lives. ( ,ROF. JOHN F. CURRAN, principal of the Angus schools, is a native of Dub- *^fc lin, Ireland, born September 9, 1841, a son of Timothy Curran, who was born in Kings County, Ireland. His father immi- grated to the United States in 1850, and died in New Orleans of yellow fever in 1853. The subject of this sketch was educated in his native country, and graduated from the Dublin model schools. August 2, 1860, he was appointed tutor of a special class, which position he held from September, 1860, until March, 1862, when he came to America, and for almost three years was employed as shipping clerk for the wholesale boot and shoe house of Simpson & Co. August 2, 1867, he was married to Miss Jennie Cook, who was born in Cookstown, now Fayette City, Pennsylvania, near the birthplace of James G. Blaine, she being a daughter of George B. Cook and a great-granddaughter of Colonel Cook, the founder of Cookstown, Pennsyl- vania. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Curran, whose names are Walter W. and J. Tyndall. Professor Curran came to Iowa in the fall of 1869 and accepted the principalship of the schools at Moingona, remaining there until March, 1878. He then took charge of the Van Meter schools until 1880, and in September of the same year he became principal of the schools at Dallas Centre, which position he filled until 1883, when he came to Angus, where he has since had charge of the schools, teaching the first school in the independent district of Angus. Professor Curran is a popular instructor and successful disciplinarian, and keeps abreast with the educational interests of the day, using the best and most approved methods in his school, and wherever he has been called 1 to teach has filled his position with entire satisfaction. He is a noted etymologist, of which subject he makes a specialty in the high school. The professor is also well known in conducting normal institutes. He is a member of the Odd Fellows and Masonic orders, and holds the office of secretary in the Masonic lodge. •*-*« fOHN RICE, proprietor of the Paton House, and stock-buyer of Paton, was born in Schuyler County, Illinois, Sep- tember 17, 1833, a son of Jefferson Rice, who was born in Chautauqua County, New York, and is now deceased. Our subject received but limited educational advantages, the country being new and the schools very poor, and from an early age he was obliged to assist his father on the farm. Since arriv- ing at manhood he has been principally engaged in farming and buying stock, in which he has met with good success. May 17, 1863, he was united in marriage with Mrs. Martha Brown, a daughter of Jacob Guinn, and widow of "Wade Brown. Of the six children born to this union four are yet living — Agnes, Minnie, Lester and John. By her first marriage Mrs. Rice had three children, all of whom are deceased. In 1875 Mr. Rice brought his family to Hancock County, Illinois, and in 1876 came with them to Paton, Greene County, Iowa, where he has since resided. He engaged in the hotel business at this place in April, 1883, his fine two-story hotel being destroyed by fire November 12, 1884. He immediately rebuilt, and has. since carried on a good busi- ness, his hotel being a favorite stopping place for travelers. fRANKLIN HARMON, of the firm of Harmon Bros., blacksmiths at Rippey, was born in Hardin County, this State, June 5, 1853, son of Lafayette Harmon, of Junction Township, this county, and a native of Lorain County, Ohio. The father removed to Polk County, this State, in 1864, thence to Boone County in 1856, thence to Boonesboro one year later, where Franklin was brought up and educated. He followed teaming for seven years, then went to the blacksmith's trade, at the age of twenty years, and has since followed that occupation. He located at Rippey in 1876. The firm does general blacksmithing, repairing, ironing new car- riages, etc. Mr. Harmon was married Sep- tember 2, 1878, to Dora S. Hoover, daughter of Samuel Hoover, who is deceased. They have three children — Arthur, Edna and Ralph. Mr. Harmon is serving his second term as township trustee, and is a member of the Odd Fellows fraternity. > S i i £ « tAFAYETTE HARMON, farmer and stock-raiser, section 23, Junction Town- ship, was born in Richland County, Ohio, July 21, 1827, a son of Horatio Har- mon, a native of the State of New York. He was reared a farmer, and received a good education, attending both the common schools and Oberlin (Ohio) College. He came to Mi fli 5' I'. j > 5 it ■ i 1 1 j '5 J ' J 5i 1 1 ( is J •s! HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. Iowa in 1854, and lived in Polk County two years, and in the spring of 1856 moved to Boonesboro, where he lived until 1880, when he came to Greene County and settled on the farm where he now lives, which contains eighty acres of good land, well improved and with good buildings. He was married June 5, 1852, to Catherine Barnes, daughter of Joseph Barnes. They have had seven children — Franklin E., Oscar L., Iva J., Delia, Charles, Eugene and Belle. Frank and Oscar are residents of Rippey, and Iva and Delia are prominent teachers of Greene County. While in Boone County Mr. Harmon held the offices of county supervisor, city marshal and street commissioner. ►3Hf« fPOHN G. ALLSTOTT, one of the prac- tical, energetic young farmers of Bristol Township, resides on section 28. His farm is in excellent condition, and his build- ings are comfortable arid convenient. Mr. Allstott was born in Dubuque County, this State, in February, 1862. His parents, Edward and Sarah (Smith) Allstott, were born, reared and married in Indiana. They settled in Dubuque County soon after their marriage. John G. was their fourth child, the others being — Mrs. Minerva Jane Smith, of Mills County, this, State; William K., of Shelby County; James F., of Webster County; Ambrose, of Bristol Township, Greene Coun- ty, and Mrs. Mary M. Wright, of Jackson Township. The mother died in Dubuque County in 1860. The father again married, his second wife being Miss Mary D. Doty. In 1864 they removed to Marion County, thence to this county in September, 1869, making their home on a farm in Bristol Township, where the father died in 1880. His widow has since married Levi Thompson. Our subject has always followed agriculture. October 28, 1872, he was united in marriage with Miss Malinda Coombs, who was born in Champaign County, Illinois, September 10, 1854. Her parents were among the early settlers of Greene County. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Allstott lived one year with her father, working a portion of his large farm, and the following year he rented and worked the farm owned by Jesse Johnson. After this they owned and occupied their own home. Their home farm contains eighty acres of land. He also owns sixty- seven acres of prairie on section 29, and ten acres of timber. They have four children — Jesse O., Charles E., Dora F. and Hattie. Mr. and Mrs. Allstott are consistent members of the Christian church. »|Hfi HOMAS W. MARTIN, engineer on the Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad, tF^ Grand Junction, was born in Birming- ham, England, September 27, 1850, son of Frederick Martin, a native of England, and now deceased. He was reared and educated in Bristol, England, and came to the United States in 1868, settling in Fulton County, Illinois, until the spring of 1869. He then came to Toronto, Clinton County, this State; thence to Grand Junction the same year, remaining till 1870. He then returned to Clinton County, remaining two years, then came back to Grand Junction, where he has since resided. He began firing on the Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad in 1879, and was promoted to engineer three or four years later. He has had an engine ever since. He was married December 18, 1877, to Carrie Petrie, daughter of Jacob Petrie, of Sac County, Iowa. They have three children — Thomas F., Fannie M. and Myrtle. Mr Martin is a member of the society of Odd Fellows and of the Brotherhood of Locomo- tive Engineers. He has run every engine on the road, and has been on every " run " on the road, and has never met with an accident. ►*-*« xES. ELIZABETH H. MERRILL, of "f IjWlK Grand Junction, is a native of Somer- ■^h$tf=~ setshire, England, and came to the United States in 1855, settling in Oswego, Illinois, and removing to Gardner, Grundy County, same State, in 1857. In the spring of 1871 she settled in Grand Junction, and this place has since been her home. She was married in England in 1843, to James Symes, and to this union were born six chil- dren, five of whom are living — Georgina, Al- fred W., Harris J., Henrietta and Albert B. One son, Grant, died at the age of fourteen years. Mr. Symes died in 1876, and in 1881 Mrs. Symes was married to Robert Merrill, her present husband, who is now superin- tendent of the bridge carpenters on the Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad. Mrs. Mer- rill is an Episcopalian in religious belief. She owns 160 acres of land, four stores, several offices, milliner shop,' and two dwell- ing houses besides the one she occupies. She also owns the postoffice building, a furniture store, and other buildings. She is very chari- table, and contributes liberally to all worthy enterprises. ►*wf~f* fOHN NUGENT, section 11, Junction Township, Greene County, is a native of Ireland, born in County Kilkenny, April 24, 1832, a son of Garrett Nugent, deceased, who was a native of the same country. John Nugent came to the United States in 1852, 33 and after living one year in Dutchess County, New York, he went to Orleans County, New York, where he lived six years. In 1858 he located in Will County, Illinois, where he resided till coming to Greene County, Iowa, in 1876, when he settled on his present farm in Junction Township. April 9, 1861, he was united in marriage to Miss Hannah Bar- rett, a daughter of John Barrett, a resident of Will County, Illinois. Eleven children have been born to this union — Garrett, Julia, Margaret, Catherine, John, Richard, Mary, Ellen, William, Edward, and one who is de- ceased. Mr. Nugent is one of the self-made men of Greene County. He began life in America entirely without means, and for eleven years worked by the month as a farm laborer, part of the time receiving only his board for his services. His highest wages during this time was $15 per month, re- ceiving this amount for two months during harvest time, By years of persevering in- dustry, strict economy and good management he has become one of the prosperous agri- culturists of Junction Township, where he owns a fine farm of 320 acres. He devotes his entire attention to farming and raising stock, making a specialty of graded stock. He is a member of the Roman Catholic church. ^-tf fOHN H. ALBERT, section 22, Jackson Township, was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, December 6, 1848, a son of Emanuel and -Mary (Will) Albert, also natives of the Keystone State. He was the second in a family of ten children. In 1866 the family came West as far as Indiana, and settled in Whitley County, where John H. completed the years of his minority. In 1869 he commenced life for himself in La HISTORY OF QBE EN E COUNTY. Salle County, Illinois, working that year on a farm. In 1870 he came to Iowa and found employment in Cedar County, where he re- mained two years, and was there married. After his marriage he returned to Whitley County, Indiana, where he remained three years, and then came again to Iowa and lived in Cedar Connty until February, 1877, when he located in Greene County, buying and occupying his present homestead in that year. His farm contains eighty acres of choice land, well improved and under a high state of cul- tivation. Mr. Albert was married February 15, 1872, to Miss Ursula Reynolds, a native of Pennsylvania, born December 2, 1854. She was left an orphan in her early child- hood, and was reared by her grandfather, Daniel Whitman, who is now cared for by Mr. and Mrs. Albert. They have seven chil- dren — John Franklin, Charles C, Maud M., Martha M., Isaac 1ST., David O. and an infant daughter. One daughter died in infancy. In politics Mr. Albert is a Democrat, and is one of the leading members of his party in Jackson Township. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order.' As a citizen he ranks among the foremost in promoting any and all enterprises tending toward the public welfare. JEORGE M. ODELL, proprietor of the meat market, Paton, Iowa, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, September 9, 1848, a son of James S. Odell. When our subject was quite small his parents moved to New York City, and there he was reared and educated. In December, 1864, they moved to Kankakee County, Illinois, and located on a farm, where he lived engaged in agricult- ural pursuits until the spring of 1882, when he came to Greene County, Iowa, and for three years engaged in farming in Dawson Township. In 1885 he moved to Paton and opened a market, where he keeps a good sup- ply of fresh and cured meats, lard, tallow and other things in his line. He has by his fair dealing and business integrity made many friends and built up a good trade. He was married in 1868 to Mrs. AdalineWalden, and to them have been born two children — Clara and Nellie. Mrs. Odell has one son by her former marriage — Hannibal Walden. Mr. Odell is a member of the Masonic fraternity. TEPHEN W. HEREON, farmer and stock-raiser, section 4, Grand Junction, was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, October 15, 1830, son of Samuel D. Herron, a native of Franklin County, Pennsylvania, and now deceased, who crossed the mount- ains in 1820, and, with his father, James Herron, landed by wagon the boiler and en- gine from Philadelphia to Pittsburg, then a small village over three hundred miles, the first in Pittsburg. They built and owned the first steam saw and grist-mill in Pittsburg, buying their logs from the Corn-Planter tribe of Indians, up the Al- leghany River. This tribe is still in ex- istence and engaged in farming and rafting. The grandfather was a Colonel in the war of 1812. Our subject was reared and educated in Pittsburg, and entered the land he now occupies in 1855. He owns 320 acres besides several town lots and a dwell- ing-house in Grand Junction. He was married in May, 1866, to Rebecca Kelly, daughter of James D. Kelly, now deceased. They have had four children, three of whom are living— Sallie B., Eflie D. and William T. One son, James D., died at the age of BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. five years. Mr. Herron removed to his pres- ent home in April, 1869, where he has since resided. He is giving much attention to graded stock. Himself and wife are mem- bers of the Presbyterian church. *$m£« g|EV. GEORGE N. LUCCOCK, pastor of the Presbyterian church at Grand Junction, was born in Guernsey Coun- ty, Ohio, March 31, 1857, son of Samuel W. Luccock, a native of Coshocton County, Ohio, and now a resident of Guernsey County. He was reared in the village of Kimbolton, and educated in the University of "Wooster, and at the Western Theological Seminary of Al- legheny, Pennsylvania, graduating at the former institution in June, 1878, and at the latter in April, 1881, coming to Emmet County, Iowa, the same year. He labored as home missionary in that county and in Kos- suth and Dickinson counties for three years. In May, 1884, he accepted a call to supply the church at Grand Junction, and in May, 1885, was installed as regular pastor of the church. He was married September 3, 1882, to Miss Emma Bingham, daughter of Lemuel R. Bingham ; of Swan Lake, Emmet County. They have two children — Tracy D. and Jane T. Mr. Luccock is a member of the society of Good Templars. to * WH>l fo " S | ' S ' ta 1 *' * B * L. fOHN COPELAND, coal merchant and gardener, Grand Junction, was born in Upper Canada on the Rider River, thirty miles north of Ogdensburg, July 6, 1832, son of James Copeland, a native of Ireland, who came to Canada when a young man and is now deceased. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of his native place. In 1851 he came to Oswego County, New York, where he lived until 1864, chopping wood, logging and working as boatman on the Erie Canal nine years. In 1864 he came to Tama County, this State, where he worked in a saw-mill sev- enteen years then came to Greene County, settling in Washington Township. Here he was engaged in farming until 1880, then re- moved to Grand Junction, where he has since resided. He purchased six acres of land and built a house. April 8, 1858, he was married to Myrtilla Bridgeford, daughter of Joshua Bridgeford, now deceased. They have had four children, three living — John E., Emory C. and Anna M. Guy, the youngest, died at the age of six years. Mr. Copeland is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and though not a church member, he is a regular attendant at church. » S » < i ' AYID E. JOHNSON, Rippey, Iowa, is a native of St. Lawrence County, New York, born March 7, 1839, a son of Thomas Johnson, a native of New Hamp- shire, and grandson of Eden Johnson, a native of Scotland. When he was six years old, in 1845, his parents moved to McHenry County, Illinois, and from there in 1855 to Champaign County, where they were living at the breaking out of the Rebellion. In 1861 he enlisted in Company B, Twenty- fifth Illinois Infantry, and served three years. He participated in many severe battles, among the more important being Pea Ridge (fought on his birthday, March 7, 1862), Pittsburg Landing, Perryville, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga and the Atlanta campaign. At the battle of Chickamauga, September 20, 1863, he was wounded. At the close of the war his regiment was sent to Springfield and 1 iiawaa«ff!a^M"w"mM«J!MgMgmgmaMg«g«BEI ■■■■^■■■■■■^■■■-■-■■■^■■■■^5«gr"'«»5wsiC ] l 44G H1ST0BY OF GREENE COUNTY. mustered out. He returned to Champaign County, remaining there until 1869, when he came to Iowa, and settled on a farm in "Wash- ington Township. In 1875 he went to Cali- fornia, remaining there about four years, and in 1879 returned to Iowa, and in 1880 moved to Kippey, where he has since lived. Mr. Johnson was married October 31, 1863, to Sarah Ann Mercer, a native of Spring Green, Wisconsin. They have had three children, two of whom are living — John B. and Robert K. A daughter, Cora Belle, died when three years of age. Mr. Johnson has served as constable of "Washington Township four years. ►jHf. f HOMAS W. VANCE, one of the lead- Y/|||Ji|: ing farmers of Bristol Township, re- op sides on section 31. He has been identified witli Greene County since the spring of 1876. He was born in Adams County, Ohio, February 14, 1837, son of Wilson and Sarah Ann (Kincade) Vance, both of whom were born and reared in that county, and they also spent their lives there, the father dying October 7, ,1845, and the mother in December, 1864. Thomas W. was the third of seven children, all of whom • are boys, and all reached maturity. He was reared to a farm life, but after commencing for himself he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until he enlisted in defense of the Union, February 26, 1864, in Company I, Ninety-first Ohio Infantry. The regiment was assigned to duty in the Valley of Vir- ginia, under General Sheridan, in the brigade commanded by General George A. Crook, and later it was commanded by Rutherford B. Hayes. Mr. Vance participated in twelve regular battles, among which were the his- torical battles of Winchester, Cedar Creek, and the two days' battle at Lynchburg and Cloyd Mountain. He passed through them all unhurt, and was honorably discharged June 24, 1865, at Cumberland City, Mary- land. Returning to Adams County, Ohio, he resumed the work of carpentering and un- dertaking, which he followed steadily until 1875. Soon after coming to Greene County he commenced farming upon his own land, on the same section where he now lives. He purchased 120 acres of laud in the southwest portion of the section, where he lived until March, 1883, when he traded for the property he now owns in the northeast portion of the same section. The farm is one of the oldest in the county. It had been the home of the pio- neer, Elisha Gibson, at one time, but re- cently it had been neglected, and many repairs and improvements were needed. Mr. Vance has materially changed the appear- ance of the farm in every respect. He has enlarged the residence, erected a new barn and farm buildings, and built new fences. It is now one of the finest farms in that part of the county. It contains 190 acres, with plenty of timber, and watered by the North Coon River. It is devoted principally to stock-raising. Mr. Vance also owns an im- proved piece of land on section 36, Kendrick Township. He was married February 26, 1860, to Miss ArabeL Jarvis, who was born in Adams County, Ohio, January 13, 1841. Her parents are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Vance have had six children — Martha W., who married H. E. Jones, and died in Bristol Township in March, 1880; Mary Emma, James E., Charles W., John R. and Thomas K. All are at home with their parents. Mr. Vance is a member of Winchester Lodge, No. 236, A. F. & A. M., in Adams County, Ohio, and of N. H. Powers Post, No. Ill, G. A. R., at Scranton. Mrs. Vance is a member of the Relief Corps. Politically Mr. Vance is an ardent Republican. John BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 447 Jarvis was of English birth, and also his wife, Margaretta Heath. Both came to the United States in youth, and lived in Delaware; later they lived in Virginia. Mr. Jarvis enlisted in the war of 1812, from Kentucky, and served during that eventful war under Colo- nel Richard M. Johnson, the slayer of the Indian Chief, Tecumseh. Both himself and wife died in Adams County, Ohio, and both lived to an advanced age. The father died in 1882, aged nearly 100 years, and the mother died two years previous, over ninety years old. They reared fourteen children, Mrs. Yance being the twelfth child. Two of her brothers, John. H. and Albert G., were soldiers in the late war. John H. was an officer in an Iowa regiment, and was killed at Pittsburg Landing. Albert G-., a member of the Seventh Ohio Cavalry, died in the service. Mr. Vance had four brothers in the army — James M. served in the Sixteenth Ohio In- fantry, and later in the Second Ohio Heavy Artillery; he now lives in Nebraska; Robert N. was in Battery F, Ohio Light Artillery; he died at Paducah, Kentucky, while in the service; Baxter V. served in the Seventh Ohio Cavalry, and now lives in Clinton County, Ohio. Theodore served in the Sec- ond Ohio Heavy Artillery. He died in Ne- braska in 1882. »-5Hf« fLI B. BERRIEN, the present efficient mayor of Angus, and also a contractor and builder, is a native of New York City, born May 12, 1857. His father, Cor- nelius Berrien, brought his family to Daven- port, Iowa, in 1858; thence to Clinton, Iowa, in 1859, and there our subject was reared and educated, attending the high school. In October, 1877, he went to Rapids City, Illi- nois, and in December, 1882, came to Angus, Greene County, Iowa, where he has since resided, becoming one of its most prominent and popular citizens, and has erected during his residence at Angus many of the best and largest buildings of the place. November 7, 1878, he was united in marriage to Miss Anna H. Halpine, a daughter of Matthew Halpine, of La Salle, Illinois. They have had four children born to them, of whom one is deceased. The names of those yet living are — Nellie H, Orval B. and Leonard B. Mr. Berrien was elected mayor of Angus in March, 1886. He is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge and encampment, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and belongs to the North Legion of Select Knights. SAAC E. ROBINSON, farmer, section 11, Franklin Township, was born in Cayuga ^ County, New York, October 11, 1836, son of Ezekiel and Catherine (Bushman) Robinson, who were the parents of thirteen children, our subject being the seventh. "When he was twelve years of age his parents removed to Carroll County, Illinois, where his father entered Government land, and where he died in 1884. The mother is still living at the age of eighty-three years. Of the thirteen children, seven are living — five in Iowa, one in Missouri, and one lives on the old farm in Illinois. Isaac was reared a farmer, and obtained his education in the common schools and by study at home. In September, 1861, he enlisted in Company B, Seventh Illinois Cavalry, and participated in the battles of New Madrid, siege of Corinth and Guntown, after which he was employed as a spy, and wore gray uniform, ate and slept with the rebels, and was taken prisoner, but escaped in a few hours. After serving three years he re-enlisted, and entered the '- w -g-yi^*?.^"^=^!g 5g^j^ 448 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. I Government service as a spy. By his bravery and coolness he was able to gain much val- uable information for our troops. He was honorably discharged at the close of the war, and returned to his home in Carroll County, Illinois, where he resided until the spring of 1885, then came to Greene County and settled upon his present farm, where he owns 120 acres of excellent land, which is well culti- vated and well improved. Mrs. Robinson was formerly Miss Flora Davis, a native of Yan Wert County, Ohio, and a daughter of Isaac and Catherine Davis. They have seven children — Ira, Ella, Pearl, Leonard, Alphonso, Lillie and Almira. Mr. Robinson is a mem- ber of Post 34, G. A. R., and also a member of the Masonic fraternity. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. -•-•«§»3wJ*§w i -*" H. DAWSON, one of the old and honored pioneers of Greene County, Iowa, and the first settler of Dawson Township, which was named in honor of him, is a native of West Virginia, born near Wheeling. In his boyhood his parents moved to Pennsylvania, where he subse- quently became a teamster, hauling tobacco over the Alleghany Mountains. He removed with his parents to Zanesville, Ohio, where he followed the life of a farmer a few years. He was married there January 23, 1849, to Martha Burdette, and in 1850 they moved to Farmington, Van Buren County, Iowa, where he was employed by the Des Moines River Land Company to snag the river and make it navigable for steamboats, and later engaged in flat-boating. After completing his con- tract as a flat-boatman he went to the village of Red Rock, in Marion County, on the Des Moines River, and in the spring of 1855 we find him crossing the Des Moines River with his wife and three children, and with but 25 cents in money. He soon, however, found employment as head sawyer in a saw-mill, receiving good wages. The settlers were jubilant over the prospect of the county seat being located here, and lots were laid out and a boom started. Speculation was rife, and in the two or three years following our subject accumulated a competence, but the spirit of adventure again took possession of him, and with a partner he went to Zanes- ville, Ohio, and purchased a steamboat, paying for the same $4,000 down, and mort- gaging his land. This proved an unprofit- able venture and in the end absorbed all he possessed, and in 1859 he went to Pike's Peak, Colorado, where he made but a short stay. He then returned and worked in a saw-mill for a year. He then engaged in farming, when he must again abandon all to enlist in August, 1862, in the war of the Re- bellion. He was severely wounded at the battle of Saline River, when he returned to his home. After recovering from his wound he returned to his regiment, remaining in the service until he was honorably discharged at the close of the war, wheii he again com- menced his farming operations. In March, 1869, he came with his family to Greene County, residing on the John Harker farm that year, when he located in what is now Dawson Township, then a barren waste of prairie land, and here they experienced many of the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life, the Dawson family being the only occupants of the township for some time. The township was without roads, churches and school-houses, or any sign of civilization. The settlers who first located in the township were men of enterprise, and after -much per- severance, in September, 1872, they suc- ceeded in getting a new civil township set off. At this time there were not enough ■aaaggS gSgBBMBgH gB g BB OBa ! L ; ii- » « » » » m w »i » r, w ro » m » -n» » - » n a . » - » - M» w » * i.»- -». « ,»-ii,». » -M i^ M »i« M .ii' -»- *' i5^« »« L a Jt ,gg»BJ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 449 citizens to hold the township offices, but by giving two offices to one man they managed all right, and the township was organized with the following officers: township clerk, A. C. Wells; assessor, George F. Dawson; justice of the peace, J. H. Dawson; trustees, A. C. Wells, A. B. Crow and A. Petitt. After seeing his township become changed from a wilderness into well-cultivated fields and thriving villages, and well dotted over with churches and school-houses, Mr. Dawson, in the year 1878, moved with part of his family to Bon Homme County, Dakota, where he still lives, enjoying that rest which is the sure reward of a well-spent life. Mrs. Daw- son is deceased, her death taking place in January, 1882. SENRY A. YOUNGM AN, farmer, Grand Junction, was born in Union County, Pennsylvania, October 28, 1820, son of Elias P. Youngman, deceased, a native of the same place, and of German ancestry. He was reared in Youngmanstown (now Mifflins- burg) in his native county, until twelve years of age, then went to Lycoming County. At the age of twenty he learned the tanner's trade, which he followed seven years, also carried on lumbering at the same time. In 1853 he came to Ogle County, Illinois, and was engaged in farming until 1877, except eight years while living at Mount Morris. He came to this county in 1877, and opened up and improved five quarter sections of land. He now owns 800 acres. He carries on general farming, and pays attention to graded stock. He was married October 12, 1843, to Sarah Oakes, born in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of Joseph Oakes, now deceased. They have had eight children, four of whom are living — Elias P., Joseph O., Mary A. and Elmira. Mr. Youngman has never sought official honors. He and his wife are members of tjhe Presbyterian church. ON. DAYID J. MORRIS, shoemaker, and a prominent citizen of Angus, was ^(| born in Niles, Trumbull County, Ohio, October 8, 1851, a son of David D. Morris, who is now deceased. His father was a native of Wales, coming to the United States in 1851. He made the voyage in a sailing vessel, being thirteen weeks on the ocean. David J., the subject of this sketch, was reared in his native county, living in Niles and Mineral Ridge. In June, 1873, he went to Denver, Colorado, where he worked at the shoemaker's trade for one year, having learned his trade in his boyhood. In 1874 he went to Central City, Colorado, in the Rocky Mountains, where he was employed as book- keeper in a wholesale boot and shoe store for almost a year. In 1875 he located in La Salle, Illinois, and the same year returned to Trumbull County, Ohio, where he was married December 30, 1875, to Miss Martha A. Evans, a daughter of Evan T. Evans, and a sister of Professor G. G. Evans of Chariton. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Morris, of whom only two are living — Hayden and Thaddeus. In January, 1876, Mr. Morris removed to Rapids City, Rock Island County', Illinois, where he lived till October, 1880. He then went to McAllister, Indian Territory, where he was engaged as coal weigher for the Osage Coal Company for seven months. From McAllister he went to Bevier, Missouri, and February 28, 1883, he came with his family to Angus, Iowa, where he has since made his home. Since becoming a resident of Angus he has held the office of mayor for ■■■■■■■■■■■■■iM 450 .a,m.ia M «,M.i,Bii.w „i M B i„ur.iM,a.ai.».ni.ii».ii t . Mw ,i„a„»ii B ,«,» M i« n «i«f HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. I two years, and in the fall of 1883 he was the nominee of the Democratic Fusion ticket for State Senator. He is a member of the Bap- tist church, and has preached at various times, and has also become well known throughout the country as a lecturer. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order and also belongs to the Knights of Pythias, Iowa Knights of Honor and the Knights of Labor. fAMES F. M. BEAD LEY, proprietor of the Rippey meat market, was born in Howard County, Missouri, April 18, 183i, a son of Thomas Bradley, a native of Madison County, Kentucky. His father was a farmer and saddler, working at his trade when his farm did not require his attention. Our subject was reared a farmer, and as the schools of that day in Missouri were few and poor, the most of his youth was spent in assisting at home. During the war of the Bebellion he was in the service of the United States a short time as a member of the Mis- souri State Militia. From 1861 until 1868, with the exception of the time he was in the army, he was engaged in butchering and dealing in stock. In the fall of 1875 he came to Iowa and lived in Dallas County two years, and in the spring of 1877 moved to Greene County, where he lived until the fall of 1879, when he went to Ames, but in June, 1884, returned to Carroll County and opened his market in Bippey, where he now has a good and increasing trade. Mr. Brad- ley is a good business man, and is one of the representative citizens of the town. He t;akes an interest in everything that pertains to the public welfare of the town or county, but never seeks or desires official honors. He was married December 1, 1853, to Juda A. Burnett, daughter of Isom Burnett. Of the eight children born to them, but six are living — Elizabeth M., Melvin B., William G., Joseph L., Benjamin F. and Maude. fOHN D. AECH, one of the representa- tive farmers and. a prominent citizen of Jackson Township, Greene County, is a native of New Jersey, born in Morris County, June 11, 1822, his parents, Thomas and Betsy Ann Arch, being natives of the same State, where they resided till their death. John D. was reared a farmer, and has never pursued any other avocation. His education was such as was common to the farmer boys in his native State, and he made the most of his opportunities, becoming quite well edu- cated. He was married in New Jersey in 1843 to Miss Catherine Colwell, a daughter of Joshua and Ann Colwell, who afterward settled in Bureau County, Illinois, among the early settlers. In 1850, with his wife and three children, Mr. Arch came west, locating in Bureau County, Illinois, where he im- proved a small farm, making that his home for nearly twenty-five years, when he came with his family to Greene County, Iowa, and in November, 1874, settled on section 31, Jackson Township. He has made almost all the improvements on his fine farm of 240 acres, although before his occupancy a few acres had been broken and a log cabin erected by the former owner, John C. Frazee. Nine children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Arch — George, a resident of Greene County; "William A., living at Scranton City, Greene County; Bansom, Mrs. Anna Jaqnies, Mrs. Emma Gouger, John and Eddie. Two sorfs, Walter S. and Frank, died in early childhood. Mr. Arch is an active and public^spirited citizen, and gives liberally of his means toward any enterprise for the good of his BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 451 township or county, and is highly respected by all who know him. In his political views he is very independent, men, not parties, being his motto. fOHN 0. GREIF, engaged in blacksmith- ing at Dana, Greene County, was born in Hesse, Prussia, a son of George Greif, who was a native of the same country, and is now deceased. John C. was born December 5, 1862, and was reared and educated in his native country, remaining there till seventeen years of age. He immigrated to the United States in the fall of 1879, when he came to Iowa, locating in Dallas County, where he was employed on a farm almost two years. He then learned the blacksmith's trade, which he has since followed. He resided in Dallas County until 1885, and in April of that year went to Calhoun County, Iowa. In March, 1886, he came to Greene County, Iowa, and bought the shop of William C. Barth, where he has since done general blacksmithing and repairing, and being a skillful workman he has succeeded in build* ing up a good trade. He is a member of the Lutheran church. K. BURKHOLDER, farmer, section 33, Greenbrier Township, Greene J t° County, postoffice Bagley, Guthrie County, was bom in Adams County, Penn- sylvania, July 26, 1833, son of Samuel L. and Anna (Knopp) Burkholder, who are the parents of seven children, four boys and three girls, all of whom are living — Jacob, of Leipsic, Putnam County, Ohio, married Malvina Elsworth, formerly of New York; Abram, residing near York Sulphur Springs, Adams County, married Lizzie Raffensbarger, of York County, Pennsylvania; Henery, re- siding near New Basel, Dickenson County, Kansas, married Susanna Harbolt, of Adams County, Pennsylvania; Hannah, single, lives on the old homestead in Adams County with her widowed mother; Mary, residing near East Berlin, Adams County, married Cor- nelius Mummert; Anna Maria, residing near East Berlin, Adams County, married John B. Ziglar. Cornelius K. Burkholder passed his youth on his father's farm, assist- ing his parents in agricultural pursuits and attending public school in the same district. At the age of eighteen years he engaged in the saddle and harness-making business as an apprentice, and worked at that trade for a number of years. In 1854 he went to Leip- sic, Putnam County, Ohio, on a visit to his brother Jacob, and while there he concluded to engage in the saddle and harness business, which he continued for several years; then returned to Adams County, located in Abbotts- town, at which place he remained two years, and then went to York Sulphur Springs, where he resided until the spring of 1868 ; thence to Mechanicsburg, Cumberland Coun- ty, Pennsylvania. In October, 1869, he em- barked in the saddle, harness and wholesale fly-net business, and in April, 1871, John A. Eberly became associated with him, forming the firm of Burkholder & Eberly. They manufacture fly-nets, collars and winkers ex- tensively for the wholesale trade, in addition to attending to their retail trade of saddles and harness. Mr. Burkholder is the inventor and patentee of some important machinery belonging to the fly-net business. In 1874 they dissolved partnership and Mr. Burk- holder and family moved to Ogle County, Illinois, where he gave his attention to farm- ing. He bought 160 acres of raw prairie in Greenbrier Township, Greene County, Iowa, *E«H5SfflE HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. ' 1 5 < J!! and moved on it in 1876. He has improved and cultivated it until it is one of the best farms in the township. He has a good house surrounded with shade and ornamental trees, * a fine native grove, a large orchard and fruit garden and a commodious barn, and is quite extensively engaged in raising fine cattle. Mr. Burkholder was married in January, 1866, to Anna Lizzie Mohler, who was born April 12, 1840, and is a daughter of John and Maria (Hurst) Mohler. Mr. and Mrs. Burkholder are the parents of two children, one now living — Anna M., who was born October 14, 1866, in Adams County, Penn- sylvania, and was married in November, 1886, to David M. Austin, of Greenbrier Township, formerly of Richland County ,Wis- consin. Emma Clara was born August 10, 1872, in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, and died August 29, 1879, of diphtheria croup. Mr. Burkholder, wife and daughter belong to the Church of the Brethren, sometimes known by the name of German Baptist, erroneously called Dunkards, originating from the Ger- man. They believe in the whole plan of salvation as taught by Christ and practiced by the apostles. Mr. Burkholder has taken an active part in his township schools, and is a strong advocate of temperance and anti-tobacco principles, and politically he affiliates with the Republican party. «c» m i x «*%t-4£*^**-* a * ' ■ WILLIAM F. JEWETT, an enter- prising and progressive farmer of p=fp#J Greene County, residing on section 2, Junction Township, is a native of Massa- chusetts, born August 7, 1855, his father, James Jewett, being a native of the same State. His parents settled in Gridley, Illi- nois, when he was but a child, and there he was reared and educated in the common schools. In 1871 he came to Junction Town- ship, Greene County, Iowa, where he has since made his home. His farm contains 160 acres of fine land, well adapted to stock- raising. He is making a specialty of graded stock, and has on his farm some very large hogs. He is also engaged in blacksmi thing, and the blacksmith shop at Dana was built by him. May 28, 1875, Mr. Jewett was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca Hughes, a daughter of Francis Hughes, who is living in Junction Township, Greene County. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Jewett — Lottie and Alvin, aged respectively ten and eight years. Mr. Jewett began life without capital, but with a stout heart and a determination to succeed, and by his own persevering industry and good management he has acquired his present fine farm of 160 acres, and by his upright and honorable dealings he has gained the respect of all who know him. »3 '' S» ffACOB F. BEATY, farmer and stock- ! raiser, Junction Township, was born in Preston County, West Virginia, October 12, 1831. His father, James Beaty, deceased, was a native of the same place; his brothers, Robert and Steven, were soldiers in the war of 1812. Our subject's grandfathers, Robert Beaty and Jacob Feather, were in the war of the Revolution. He was reared on a farm and educated in the log cabin subscription schools. The cabins had slabs for seats, and boards fastened on walls for desks, clapboard roof. He came to Iowa in 1853, settling in "Washington County. The next year he went to Story County, and in 1864 to Keokuk County. He came here in the fall of 1881. He owns 240 acres of land here and 160 acres in Knox County, Nebraska. He was >J=~=SS^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 453 married in December, 1859, to Elizabeth Blick, daughter of Joseph Blick, deceased. They have five children — Marcellus E., Henry W., Huldah A., Elma E., and Margery A. Mr. Beaty has held several local offices here and also in other places. He is a member of the Odd Fellows society, and in religion is a Methodist. His wife and two daughters are also Methodists. His uncle, John Feather, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and received a bullet in his leg which remained until his death. '-5«-*« ^NTON SMITTLE, farmer, section 32, Junction Township, was born in Nas- sau, Germany (now Prussia), March 29, 1825, son of Anton Smittle, deceased, a native of the same country. He came to America in 1847, settled in Wisconsin, forty miles north of Milwaukee, where he was engaged in farming until 1873, when he came to his present farm. He was married November 14, 1847, in Milwaukee, to Philipena Eeichel, daughter of John Beichel, deceased. They have eight children — Charley, Pouisc, Jacob, Catherine, Bina, Elizabeth, Mary and Anton. Mr. Smittle owns eighty acres of excellent land, and is engaged in farming and stock- raising. He is a stonemason by trade, at which he works in summer. He is a mem- ber of the Presbyterian church. SOKACE SHIPMAN, fur dealer, has been engaged in his present business at Jefferson since 1866. He deals in hides, pelts, wool, and raw furs of all kinds. He spends much of his time on the road during the winter season in the interest of his business, and employs several salesmen. The territory in which he operates includes "Wisconsin, Minnesota and Nebraska, and his goods are shipped directly to New Tork. J. L. Prouty, of that city, has handled his goods for the past seventeen years. Mr. Shipman is a genuine Yankee by birth, hav- ing been born in Hartford, Connecticut, in March, 1828. His father was a farmer by occupation, but our subject, when a young man, engaged in driving stage and in the livery business. He came to Sioux City, this State, about the, year 1854, when that city was in its embryo. Mr. Shipman lived there and in that vicinity about nine years, and it was there that he had his first expe- rience in the fur business. He was married in Connecticut to Susan Warren, a native of Marlborough, Hartford County, that State.' Much of his success in a business point of view has been due to the valuable assistance of his excellent wife, who possesses good business qualifications. >j i < ; i AMUEL S. EUTTEB was born in Lan- caster County, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1852, son of Jonathan Putter, of that place. He received his elementary education in the common schools, and later attended the high school at Smithville, Ohio. He taught four terms of school in Pennsylvania, four in Ohio and two in Illinois. He came to Wayne County, Ohio, in March, 1876, thence to Piatt County in 1879, and to this county in 1881, and lived in Paton Town- ship until August, 1886, when he came to Dana and entered the employ of William C. Barth, a merchant of that place. He was married January 4, 1883, to Altha Chipman, daughter of Ansel Chipman, of Kankakee County, Illinois. They have two children — Fred C. and Gilbert E. He served as re- HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. corder of Paton Township two terms. He is a member of the fraternity of Good Temp- lars. F. OSBOBN, of Eippey, was born in Westville, Indiana, July 17, 1854, son ° of William Osborn, a native of that State. He removed to Iowa in 1870. He was educated at Des Moines University, grad- uating with the degree, of A. M. in 1876. He then engaged for one year in the grain and stock business in Perry, Iowa, and has since been connected with the drug business. He came to Eippey in the spring of 1878, and established the first drug store in the village. He has one of the largest private collections of geological specimens in the State. He was married May 17, 1876, to Miss Mittie Shelton, daughter of George P. Shelton. They have three children — Will- iam S., Winnie and Wayne. He is serving his second term as county supervisor. p[DWAED S. BUCHMILLEE, an active, public-spirited agriculturist of Bristol Township, resides on section 9. His farm of 120 acres is well cultivated, and his residence is one of the best in this part of the county. He settled in his present home in 1876. Mr. Buchmiller was born in Henry County, Illinois, Januray 10, 1853, son of John D. and Frances Buchmiller, who were natives of the province of Baden, Germany. The father was born October 11, 1812, and the mother March 29, 1822. They established their home in Henry County soon after com- ing to the United States. Their children are \ — Edward S. ; Bertha, wife of A. F. Knap- pen; Joseph, a resident of Bristol Township; Mary A., wife of M. W. Eesser; John D., Herman, Frank and Elizabeth. The last three are living at the old homestead in Henry County, Illinois. Edward S. and Valaria M. Young were united in marriage in Henry County in 1873. Mrs. Buchmiller's parents, Felix W. and Catherine (Briton) Young, are natives of Kentucky, and are living in Bristol Township. Mr. and Mrs. Buchmiller have five children — Odelia M., John E., Eichard M., Ethel E. and Eoxy B. Politically Mr. Buchmiller is prominently identified with the Democratic party, and has served many years as chairman of the town- ship Democratic committee. He has held several offices of public trust, and has served creditably. KNOWLES, farmer, section 16, Green- brier Township, is one of the pioneers *#^-® of the township, having been identi- fied with its interests since 1869. He is a native of Gibson County, Indiana, born June 8, 1814, son of James and Anna (Eeed) Knowles. The father was a native of Dela- ware, and was reared in Georgia. The mother was a native of North Carolina. The parents were married in Georgia, and came to Indiana in 1811, when it was a Territory. They reared a family of nine children — Eeecy, Nancy and Patience, born in Georgia, and Albery, Sarah E., Comfort, Kitty, Marti cia and William B., born in Indiana. Albery, our subject, spent his early life in assisting at farm work and attending the common schools. He learned the cooper's trade of his father, and worked with him for some time. February 17, 1836, he was married to Miss Sarah E. Smith, who was born in Adair County, Kentucky, Octo- ber 26, 1819, a daughter of Andrew and Ezna Smith. Mr. Knowles resided in In- . B M B M »,«,«l M M M a M H g .» M »l,W„» M I H a » M » B l«.M..B„ » M M„1 M ai, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. diana until the fall of 1869, when he came to Greene County, Iowa, locating in Jefferson, and February 18, 1870, moved to his present farm, which was partly improved. This was one of the first improved farms in the town- ship. There was a wagon trail from his place to Jefferson, and posts were set to guide the traveler to that small city. Mr. Knowles has cultivated and improved his farm until it is known as one of the best farms in the township. It contains 360 acres of as good land as can be found in the county. He has a good farm residence, a fine building for grain and tools, a building for corn, an orchard, and everything about the premises indicates the enterprise and thrift of the owner. Mr. and Mrs. Knowles have had fourteen children, seven of whom are living — Martha Ann, Ezna, Margaret E., Mary F., David E., Will- iam L. and Morton. The deceased are — Hiram H., Nancy J., Augusta C, Thomas B., James F., Delaney J., and one unnamed. James F. was a soldier in the service of his country, and died at Glasgow, Kentucky, in 1863. Mrs. Knowles died August 6, 1878, lamented by all who knew her. She was a kind and affectionate wife and mother, and a consistent Christian. Mr. Knowles is a worthy member of the Presbyterian church, and has served as ruling elder for many years. Politically he is a Republican. »-5<~»£-> fELIX W. YOUNG, a native of Ken- tucky, was born in 1823. Early in life he became a pioneer in Southern Illinois, and nearly all of his active life has been spent in that State. He came to Greene County in 1873, and owned and resided for a short time upon a farm in Bristol Township. He returned to Henry County and lived there until 1882, and in that year came back to Greene County, where he bought an improved farm of 180 acres on section 11, Bristol Township, where he now lives. Mr. Young is the father-in-law of Mr. Edward S. Buch- miller. ►SMfc" fOHJST QUAYLE, farmer, section 30, Franklin Township, is a native of the Isle of Man, born January 7, 1840, son of William and Mary (Christian) Quayle, who were the parents of five children — Maria, Catherine, Ann, William and John. Our subject was the youngest of the family, and his youth was spent at farm work, obtaining hi6 education in the schools of his native island. His father died when he was a child, and his mother died in 1863. At the age of seventeen years he came to America, locating in Warren County, Illinois. In November, 1861, he enlisted in Company K, Eleventh Illinois Cavalry, with Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll as commander. He par- ticipated in*the battle of Shiloh, and in all the battles in which this famous regiment was engaged, and was honorably discharged in September, 1865, at Memphis, and re- ceived his final discharge at Springfield, Illi- nois, September 30, 1865. He was married March 6, 1869, to Miss Elizabeth M. Cain, a native of the Isle of Man, and daughter of John and Jane Cain. Mr. Quayle remained in Warren County until 1869, when he re- moved to Henry County, Illinois, and lived until 1874, then came to this county and settled upon his present farm.- He first bought 160 acres of wild land, and has since added to that amount until he now has 400 acres of as good land as can be found in the county, and it is one of the best-improved farms in Franklin Township. He has a good, well-furnished residence, barn and out- HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. buildings for stock, and is eugaged in stock- raising and stock-feeding. Mr. and Mrs. Quayle are the parents of five children — Mary Jane, Fanny Bell, "Walter Ed., Cora A. and Fred A. Mr. Quayle is independent in politics, and is pledged to support no party. He started in life without means, but by in- dustry and good management has acquired a fine property. — -°*""' JV " 3 n S "' ! "'""- j^EJSTEY C. EITTGEES, teacher, resides at Surry, Iowa. He was born in Fair- field County, Ohio, May 6, 1849. His father, Jacob B. Bittgers, now deceased, Was a native of Virginia, born February 9, 1800. His mother, Esther (Patterson) Bittgers, was also a native of Virginia. His parents had twelve children — Samuel S., Isabella, John A., Israel P., Margarett, Jacob B., Eli D., Perry C, Sarah, Peter M., Esther, and Henry ' C, our subject. His father was a soldier under Winfield Scott, in the war of 1846, and received an honorable discharge. Re- moved from Ohio to Polk County, Iowa, in 1852, and located in Valley Township, where he purchased a large farm. In 1855 his wife departed this life, and in 1857 he married again and had nine children by his second wife — Daniel B., Kate, Salena, Benjamin F., Priscilla, George M., Andrew J., Lilly and Mary. In 1878 he departed this life, and was interred in the cemetery on the old home- stead in Polk County. H. C. Bittgers, the subject of our sketch, attended the common school on old Beaver Prairie, and in 1868 he attended school at Western College, Linn County, one year; then taught in the public schools in Greene County, and attended the academy at Jefferson, Greene County, under Professors Grumbling and Huntington. In 1871 he attended the Baptist University of Des Moines, in which institution he taught penmanship, paying his tuition, board and room rent by the same. He was married December 25, 1872, to Louesa J., daughter of James and Emma Edwards, of Washing-' ton Township, both natives of England. In 1875 he and his wife went to California, and he taught school there one year. He fol- lowed farming three years, and was engineer in a gold quartz-crusher for three years ; then served in the several capacities of principal amalgamator in a five-stamp quartz- crusher (capacity eight tons per day), general clerk, book-keeper, and chief engineer. Mr. Bitt- gers is now what might be called an old school-teacher, having taught in his life-time seventy-eight months. Politically he is a staunch Eepnblican. He was the unsuccess- ful candidate in 1878 for the office of county clerk in Inyo County, California, it being a strong Democratic county. He was beaten by only sixty-two votes, however. Of late he has been working on the force of the Lewis Publishing Company, in compiling biographical and historical county records. Five of the seven children of Mr. and Mrs. Bittgers are living — William H., born No- vember 30, 1873; Emma Irene, born Sep- tember 16, 1875; John A., born February 4, 1877; Lilly Madaline, born April 5, 1881; Harry E., born January 13, 1883; Perry and Percy, twins (deceased), born March 30, 1886. Mrs. Bittgers is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. W. GAYLOBD, general superintend- ent of the Standard Coal Works, ■'* Angus, is a resident of Minneapolis, Minnesota. »i.n.,M«,M.TSW 7 SiU, . g^^a^a"B M- ^ M , » _ » ^ »a»a»a »- „B M M M l »,M »M.M,»_ll M ll M M»Ma"^^»iii»S W«WJ»=l»=Wir^g SaSB Mi •m .f~: . ■ el t mi mi i I I 'to' L1< JiK *;; >?:> 'HE region in which Greene County is sit- uated is a part of the great " Louisiana pur- chase," secured from France in 1803, during President Jefferson's adminis- tration . The State of Missouri was admitted into the Union in 1820, but not a single white person was legally a resident of what is now Iowa until after the Black Hawk war. By the terms of the treaty concluded at the end of this contest, astrip of land extending west from the Mississippi fiftyjmiles was opened to settlement after the 1st of May, 1833. By successive purchases all of Iowa was subsequently made available for settlement. In many instances, however", the Indians remained on the lands they had sold until the pressure of actual contact drove them westward. The county of Benton was constituted December 21, 1837, and made to include all the territory between its present northern and southern lines extending to the Missouri River, and was temporarily attached to the county of Jackson. November 30, 1840, it was similarly attached to Linn County. These acts possess but slight interest for the citizens of Greene County, for until 1849 the county was wholly in the possession of the red men. In that year Truman Davis, the first white settler of the county, located near where the village of Rippey now stands. The same year Enos Buttrick settled at the mouth of what is now known as Buttrick's Creek, while Richard Hardin located near the mouth of the stream which has since borne his name. Messrs. "Wood, Valentine and William R. Babb came in 1850 and located along the Coon River, while Josiah Bluncett, Thomas Greenup and John Barr settled farther up the river in 1850-'51. PIONEER LIFE. These hardy pioneers were subject to many inconveniences, their nearest postoffice being at Ft. Des Moines, fifty miles distant, their mills being from fifty to one hundred miles away, and they were compelled to go to WarreD, Marion and Mahaska counties to j f jg^yi rgj^ M «-«i M «»a' MI "»» M '» c . ■-■■,■«»■■■-«■-»-»■■ «*,«.■-■»-». HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. obtain tlieir snpply of provisions and other necessities, with no roads to mark their course or bridges to cross the streams. Many are the hardships related of the early settlers. It is stated that one of the settlers left his fam- ily with a scanty supply of food, and went down, in the spring of the year, below Des Moines for a fresh supply of provisions. While he was gone the streams all raised so it was impossible for him to return for several days. The scanty provisions of the family gave out, and they were reduced to the extreme necessity of living on soap grease for a number of days. Another instance is related, by one of the citizens of the county, of a settler who left his family to go in quest of provisions. The high waters detained him, the provisions of his family gave out and they were on the verge of starvation. An Indian came to the house one day and asked for food. The lady of the house took him to the cupboard and the meal chest, and showed him that they were without a morsel of food. The Indian asked for the gun — it was given him — he left with it, and in a few hours returned with a couple of deer and gave them to the starving family. In a few days he returned again, and found to the joy of the family that the settler had' returned with a bountiful supply of provisions, over which he seemed to rejoice greatly. Game, such as deer and elk, was in great abundance until the winter of 1855-'56. The snows of that winter were so deep that it was impossible for them to escape the pursuit of men and dogs, and the number destroyed seems almost incredible. It is said that they were overtaken by men, boys, and even women, in the deep snows, and beat to death with clubs. Since then there has scarcely been an elk or deer seen within the county. Their rapid and sudden disappearance astonished every one. ORGANIZATION. Greene County was established, with limits the same as now, in 1851, and named in honor of General Nathaniel Greene, of the Revolutionary army. It was attached to Dallas County January 22, 1853, up to which time it had been attached to the county of Polk for temporary purposes. [See Acts Third General Assembly, Chapter 9; Fourth General Assembly, Chapter 12; Seventh General Assembly, Second Session, Chapter 101.] In 1854 there was a population of abont 150, and the county was deemed popu- lous enough to entitle it to regular organiza- tion. August 12, 1854, accordingly, William Phillips was commissioned county judge, William Brock, clerk of the district court, and Isaac D. Crumley, sheriff. The first official record of any description is dated August 25, 1854, and reads as follows: " An order was this day made that Greene County be and the same is hereby divided into two electoral precincts by the lines dividing ranges number thirty and thirty-one west of the fifth principal meridian, Iowa. And that all that part or portion of Greene County contained in ranges twenty-nine and thirty west is hereby known and designated as Washington Township or Electoral Pre- cinct; and all that part or portion of said county as is contained in ranges number thirty-one and thirty-two west of the fifth principal meridian, is hereby known and designated as Jackson Township or Electoral Precinct. " William Phillips, County Judge." The court directed that an election be held in Washington Precinct on Tuesday, the 12th day of September, 1854, for the election of three township trustees, one township clerk, two justices of the peace, two constables and one township supervisor. An election was also appointed for the same date in Jackson Township for the choice of like officials. The bonds of the justices aud constables elected were fixed at $500 each. Elijah Norman and George S. Walton were elected justices in "Washington Township, and Syl- vanus G. Crumley and Leonard Chance, con- stables. The election in Jackson Township was held at the house of Allen D. Brock, but the returns were rejected by the judge on account of the judges and clerks of election not having attached their signatures. To fill the offices in Jackson Township Judge Phillips appointed Thomas W. Greenup and Lewis Wright as justices, aud Jacob Detrow and Lewis Wright as constables, September 22, 1854. These men, however, declined to qualify. Benjamin F. Robinson was appointed county clerk November 20, 1854, to succeed Hiram Brock, resigned. V LOCATION OF COUNTY SEAT. To select a site for the county seat the dis- trict judge, C. J. McFarland, appointed the following commissioners: Cornelius Beal, of Boone County; Henry J. Owen, of Dallas County, and O. J. Niles, of Carroll County. These commissioners appeared before Judge Phillips on the 27th of September, 1854, and hied a report of their doings, " from which report it appears they have selected the north half of the southwest quarter and the south half of the northwest quarter of sec- tion 8, in township 83 north, of range 30 west of the fifth principal meridian, Iowa, for the county seat of said county; which said lands belong to the United States and are subject to entry." The commissioners were awarded the following sums for services and expenses: Cornelius Beal, $36; O. J. Niles, $20, and Henry J. Owen, $15. They were given warrants, payable out of the pro- ceeds of lots. For " extra services " they were allowed $1 each additional. FURTHER PROCEEDINGS. The first marriage license issued in this county is as follows, and is signed by Judge William Phillips: "This court has this 4th day of September, A. D. 1854, granted license for the marriage of Moses Bowers and Mahala Young, and not being acquainted with tbe parties, Charles Hathaway was sworn, who declared them both of age and of sound mind; whereupon this court issued license for the marriage of the above parties." The second license was to David Bodgers and Margaret Young, October 19, 1854. Judge Phillips solemnized the marriage. Under date of October 7, 1854, appears the following entry, with reference to the entry of the town site: " This court has this 7th day of October, 1854, borrowed of Hoyt Sherman, banker of Fort Des Moines, the sum of $200, with which money it has caused the following real estate to be entered in the name and for the use of Greene County in the State of Iowa, to- wit: the north half of the southwest quar- ter and the south half of the northwest quar- ter of section 8, in township 83 north, of range 30 west of the fifth principal meridian, Iowa, containing 160 acres." The assessment roll was received from Dallas County November 6, 1854, and the following levy of taxes made: State tax, three mills; county tax, six mills; school tax, one and one-half mills; road tax, three mills. The poll tax was fixed at 50 cents. On the 6th of November Judge Phillips borrowed of William P. Crumley $203 to repay Hoyt Sherman, and gave him a warrant drawing 10 per cent, interest, and payable out of the proceeds of the sale of lots. '■'■'■^■.■■.■.■.■■■.njn KHSHHSHHHi HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. II :!! ] !i Robert M. Rippey, surveyor, was on the 20th of November allowed $135 " out of the proceeds of the sale of lots in the town of Jefferson for the surveying of said town, furnishing chain carriers, axmen, stakes, etc., andmaking plat of the same." Pleasant Eeed and J onathan Jones were each allowed $1 for services as chain carriers. Nathan W. Brock was paid $18 for assessing the county in 1854. A marriage license was issued to Usal C. Black and Martha Still December 30, 1854. January 1, 1855, Thomas Phillips was allowed $1 for candles furnished Greene County. A few days later Hiram Brock was allowed $10.72 as full compensation for ser- vices as clerk from August 24 to November 13, 1854. This was at the rate of $50 per annum. Moses Bates appears to have been the first person that died in the county whose estate was administered upon. Charlie W. John- son and Benjamin F. Robinson were the administrators appointed. Jacob Young made the first will, and Rezin McDaniels the second. At the April election, 1855, S. G. Crumley was elected clerk. For the office of drainage commissioner R. M. Rippey and Lauftus Gray each received eighteen votes. By the direction of Judge Phillips they drew lots for the office. Gray was successful, but, fail- ing to qualify, Rippey was appointed to the office. The election in Washington Town- ship was held at the house of Truman Davis, and W. K. Allen and L. Chance were ejected constables, and Norman S. Daniels township clerk. The judges and clerks of this election selected the following as grand jurors, the first chosen in the county: Isaac Clopton, Lewis Wright, Moses Blancett, Archelus Gibson, Elam Robins, Winston Crouse, Charles W. King, William P. Crumley, Will- iam Zornes, G. W. Reese, Thomas Roberts, Hiram Toliver, Valentine S. Babb, Charles L. Davis and John Clopton. On the 7th of May, 1855, Judge Phillips ordered that the proceeds of the sale of town lots in the county seat form a separate fund in the county treasury, dedicated to the future erection of public buildings. April 24; 1855, a license to marry was issued to Alexander Morgan and Sophronia Rhoads. The first district court held in Greene County was by Hon. C. J. McFarland, Mon- day, May 19, 1856. There were three State cases and eight civil cases on docket. The court was held in a new building that had neither doors nor windows. The grand jury held their session out on the prairie. The State cases were against three young women for assault and battery. It seems that the girls got to disputing about something, per- haps some nice young man. At last one gave the other a saucy word or two, and she returned the insult by throwing an egg. The affair then commenced in earnest; a basket of eggs was soon used up, when they went at each other with fist and muscle. The com- batants were parted, and it is agreed on all sides that it was one of the most fierce and terrible battles that has ever been fought on the Coon River in the shape of a fist fight. Previous to their organization Calhoun and Sac counties were attached to Greene for administrative purposes. July 3, 1853, a petition was presented to Judge Phillips, of Greene County, praying for the organization of Calhoun County, and the Judge accord- ingly issued notices of an election to be held at the house of Christopher Smithj on Monday, the 6th day of August, 1855, for the selec- tion of a county judge, county clerk, sheriff, recorder and treasurer, prosecuting attorney, surveyor and coroner. At the election but nine votes were cast. A " slate " had been EARLY HISTORY. 469 made up; almost every voter received an office, and the vote was unanimous for each. The general election in Greene County occurred the same date, and the following officers were chosen : William Phillips, County Judge; S. G-. Crumley, County Clerk; James H. Phillips, Treasurer and Recorder; Isaac D. Crumley, Sheriff; Norman S. Daniels, Prosecuting Attorney; Allen J. Currence, Surveyor; John Barr, Coroner. The bonds of the treasurer and sheriff were fixed at $5,000 in each case. Lawrence P. Rhodes and James Ward were appointed deputy sheriffs, and Robert M. Rippey, deputy surveyor. July 5, 1855, Lewis Morley and Lydia Ayers were licensed to marry. One week later a license was issued to James P. Tucker and Sarah J. Tucker. Allen J. Currence was allowed $21 for assessing Jackson Township in 1855, and Valentine S. Babb $26 for assessing Wash- ington Township. The tax levy for 1855 was fixed as follows: State tax, one and one- fourth mills; county tax, four mills; school tax, one-half mill; road tax, one mill; road poll tax, $2; county poll tax, 50 cents. The marriage licenses issued during the remainder of 1855 were: James C. Beeman and Mary A. Chance, August 18; Jesse Per- kins and Nancy C. Tucker, August 25; Rich- ard Morlan and Sarah Lewis, September 11; Elijah Thurman and Rebecca Morgan, Sep- tember 18 ; John Piles and Mary F. Miller, September 26 ; I. H. Roberts and Margaret McKean, October 3; Wales B. Sanford and Elizabeth J. May, December 3. October 1, 1855, John F. Lewis was ap- pointed an agent to procure and sell spiritu- ous liquors in accordance with and pursuant to an act passed by^the General Assembly, styled "An act for the suppression of intem- perance," Chapter 45 in the Acts of 1854 and 1855. During this first year or more of the county's organic existence the county offices were located in a building belonging to Thomas Phillips. The rent was $3 a month. In November, 1855, he was paid $45 for the fifteen months' rent then due. In this same month William Lee, of Iowa City, was allowed $150 for record books fur- nished the county. These are the books on which the first records of the different offices are written. Judge Phillips resigned November 29, 1855, and Norman S. Daniels, prosecuting attorney, acted as county judge until the next spring. Judge Daniels was allowed $25 for his service of a year and a quarter as prose- cuting attorney, or at the rate of $20 per an- num. Isaiah Deemer was allowed $20.25 for one writing table, desk and book-case furnished the county. James A. Lock was paid $8, or $1 a cord, for eight cords of wood hauled and delivered at the county offices. The trustees of Jackson Township, Thomas W. Greenup and Mason Linn, reported De- cember 31, 1855, to Judge Daniels: "We, the trustees of Jackson Township, Greene County, have this day been called on by Dulanah Johnson, as applicant for Thomas W. Neblock, who has fallen into the care of said Johnson, on account of being so badly- frozen that he could not travel farther, and we therefore find by examination on the 28th day of December, 1855, that the said Neb- lock, who had then been in the care of the said Johnson from the 22d day of December, to be destitute of money, but having one car- pet satchel, four pair of Indian moccasins, one pair of gloves, one coat, one cape line, one cap and three handkerchiefs, which are appraised at $8.35. And we also find that the former residence of the said Neblock is SI l( in Polk County, Iowa, and we, the under- signed trustees, agree that the said Dulanah Johnson he allowed five dollars per day for keeping the said Neblock, as we believe him to he at the charge of Greene County for the time being and until further arrangements can be made, and also that the residence of the said Neblock is at or near Bennett's, on Walnut Creek." Samuel Rhoads was appointed justice of the peace in Washington Township, in place of Elijah Norman, who resigned December 8, 1855. February 14, following, Judge Daniels declared the sheriff's office vacant, in consequence of the absence of the sheriff elect and the resignation and disability of the deputies, and appointed Elisha McCoy sheriff to fill the vacancy. County Clerk Crumley resigned March 3, 1856. On the same date a warrant was issued, based on the usual petition, for the organization of Sac County on the 7th of April following. This was duly carried into effect by the election of a full list of county officers, and from this on Greene County's officials had but one county to look after. On this same date Greene County, having received a gratifying influx of settlers, was deemed populous enough to form three elec- toral precincts instead of two, and it was ac- cordingly ordered that all that portion of Greene County contained in range 29, and the east tier of sections in range 30, '- is hereby known and designated as Washington Township or Precinct." The remainder of range 30 and the four east tiers of sections in range 31 was made Jefferson Township, while the remainder of range 31 and all of range 32 was named Kendrick Township. War- rants for elections were issued to L. C. Abrell, of Washington, Elisha McCoy, of Jefferson, and D. S. Hamilton, of Kendrick. The elections were held on the 7th of April following, and in each township there were chosen three trustees, one clerk, two justices, two constables, one township assessor and one supervisor. In Jefferson Township S. G. Crumley and Evan Morlan were elected justices, Sandford Amy and D. M. C. Peek, constables, and Elisha McCoy, clerk. In Washington Town- ship Samuel Khodes and A. L. McLain were chosen justices, S. R. McLain and Thomas Young, constables, and Joel Thornburg, clerk. In Kendrick Township, Allen D. Brock and David S. Hamilton were elected jus- tices, and Hiram Brock and Moses Blancett, constables. The Thomas A\ T . deblock above referred to as frozen severely, and cared for by Dulanah Johnson, died after twelve days, and Mr. Johnson was paid $24 by the county. Robert.M. Rippey was elected county judge at the spring election, 1856, and one of his first acts was an important oife looking to the erection of a court-house, as follows : " This court has this 4th of May, 1856, appropriated $2,000 for the erection of a county house, and to purchase site or lot for building said house, and notices have been posted that bids would be received for the building and completion of said build- ing until the second day of June, 1856, at which time this court will determine who shall erect said building; and if no bids shall be handed in by that time, or if in the opin- ion of the court it is thought expedient to ex- tend the time of receiving said bids by again posting notices of the same. Bids to be awarded within one week after the time of receiving the same closes." The contract was awarded June 2, 1856, to James Stanford, for $1,825, and he built the same season the frame court-house on the west side of the square, It was afterward MARLY HISTORY. ill moved into the square, and used - until the erection of the present building. The early officials were not as well edu- cated as those of later years, and some of the records show an amusing disregard of for- mality and accuracy, especially in the minor particulars of spelling, punctuation, etc. As an example, the following minute of County Judge Rippey is reproduced: " COURT SISSION JULY A I) 1856 " The Township assessors of Washington & Jefferson Townships appeared The as- sessor of Jefferson appeare and filed his assessment papers with the Sincus role and the assesor of Washington Township ap- eared and having missed some The Court or- dered him to Compleat the Same and return them at the Shortest posable time The assessor of Kindrict Township Sent his asses- ment role to the Court which was Incom- pleat." In September, 1863, the county conveyed its right to all swamp and overflow lands in the county, aggregating between 60,000 and 70,000 acres, to the American Emigrant Company, for $9,500. This sale has given rise to much trouble and litigation, which has continued to this year. It is said that much of the land disposed of should never have been rated as swamp land. Conflicting claims have arisen, many of them involving the railroads, but the story cannot be told in a manner to be of general interest, as the profoundest legal questions are involved. PIONEERS. Besides the first settlers already named, following is a list of the citizens of the county in 1856, when the county was divided into three townships, as before mentioned: Washington Township. — Moses Bowers, Elijah Norman, Reuben Stevens, Jonathan Hutchison, Charles W. King, Elom Robbin6, L. D. Robertson, Jacob Bish, James Crabb, Joshua Kinbey, Alexander Morgan, Isaac Rhoads, E. Rinehart, Isaiah W. Deemer, Adam Shroyer, Rensselaer Van Horn, Will- iam Franklin, Hiram Toliver, Wesley Holler, Isom Toliver, Thomas King, Joel N. Thorn- burg, Truman Davis, Charles L. Davis, Isaac Brand, John Brand, William W. Robertson, George Wood, Clayton S. Abrell, Inskip Tucker, George Tucker, Samuel Hoover, William Tucker, David S. Vancleave, Will- iam Lee, William L. Evans, William A. J. McNaught, William F. Crumley, Alexander T. Trimm, Washington K. Allen, Gustavus Peek, Thomas Elwell, John Tyler, Joshua Layton, James Willson, John McWilliams, John Roberts, Robert Tuckens, Socrates Moore, Abner Moore, Nathan Worley, John Worley, Jr., Harris G. Golden, Mark York, Jarvis Decker, Archibald Allen, Robert Allen, Jesse Perkins, Sr., and Isaac Spencer. Jefferson Township. — James H. Phillips, Irvin Wright, John W. Wright, Benjamin Morman, James King, Michael Reece, Joseph Coomes, Bennett Dorherty, Thomas Phillips, Isaac Welker, William Phillips, Samuel Peek, John S. Morlan, James Tucker, George Ranbarger, Isaac Tucker, D. M. C. Peek, Christopher Peek, E. Atkins, Benjamin Ford, Jackson Morlan, Silas A. Meeker, Joshua Bickford, Evan Morlan, Benjamin F. Stokes, Jonathan Jones, A. J. Hoisington, Pleasant Reed, Samuel O'Neal, Benedict O'Neal, George Bell, L. P. Rhodes, Sanford Amey, W. S. McBride, Alexander Evans, Joseph Jones, Alfred Peek, Augustus Yergen, Will- iam Wilson, V. Amey, Benjamin Churchill, Thomas Hamlet, John M. Cully, George S. Walton, Lewis Wright, Silas Wright, Benja- min F. Robinson and George May. Kendrick Township.- — Archelns Gibson, John Morlan, William L. Cnllev, Sheldon B. I m SiBfOBf OF G&EENE UOUNfY. Davis, Joseph Taylor, Joseph Kesler, Chris- topher Borders, Absalom Morlan, Josiah Blancett, Moses Blancett, Thomas Morgan, William Whitsort, H. W. Chambers, E. F. Davenport, George H. Beck, John C. Beck, Delanah Johnson, John D. Rivers, Jones Rivers, Eli H. Ei vers, "William Yates, Hiram Brock, E. B. Rogers, Horatio Hastey, "Willis Wright, Nathaniel Dehart, A. H. Thompson, Samuel P. Borders, Joseph A. Stickney, Peter Fox, A. D. Brock, Allen J. Cnrrence, Isaac Waldron, John Waldron, Edmond Carney, Isaac Seaman, Mason Linn and Thomas A. Greenup. END OF THE MONARCHIC SYSTEM. Under the old regime the county judge was possessed of very large powers— more so, proportionately, than a king has over his subjects. At the close of 1860 an important change was made, by which the county judge retained only charge of probate matters, and the general government of the county vested in the Board of Supervisors, which first met in January, 1861. The board consisted at first of three, but in 1873 was increased by a vote of the people to five members, the pres- ent number. TOWNSHIPS. The number of civil townships has in- creased to sixteen, most of them being just a congressional township in size. Washing- ton, which at first included the east half of the county, has been gradually cut down till it now contains township 82 and the south third of township 83, range 29, or forty-eight square miles. Jefferson Township has been reduced to the size of the incorporated town of Jefferson, or a square two and a half miles on a side, occupying the northwest corner of r township 83, range 30. Kendrick comprises township 84, range 32. Cedar Township was organized in 1867, and comprises township 85, range 32. Hardin was organized in 1869, and com- prises township 84, range 30. Franklin was organized in 1870, and com- prises township 82, range 30. Junction was organized in 1870, and com- prises township 84 and the north two-thirds of township 83, range 29, thus being sixty sections in size, and the largest civil town- ship in the county. ' Scranton was organized in 1870, and com- prises township 83, range 32. Bristol was organized in 1871, and com- prises township 84, range 31. Jackson was organized in 1871, and com- prises township 83, range 31. Dawson was organized in 1872, and com- prises township 85, range 30. Highland was organized in 1872, and com- prises township 85, range 31. Willow was organized in 1874, and com- prises township 82, range 32. Paton was organized in 1875, and com- prises township 85, range 29. Grant was organized in 1877, and com- prises all of township 83, range 30, except the six and one-fourth square miles in the northwest corner (which make up Jefferson Township), and includes twenty-nine and three-fourths square miles. Greenbrier is one of the youngest townships, and comprises township 82, range 31. GOLD EXCITEMENT. In 1858 a report came to New Jefferson that gold had been discovered in a run on Uncle Johnny Barr's farm, twelve miles west of town. The merchant threw down his yard-stick and locked his store, the phy- sician his pill bags, the lawyer his Blackstone, the farmer left his plow, and all seized picks, shovels and tin pans, rushed to the new Eldo- a m a . i a„u m m m . a m ia m m m m ^ m^M w l mi m » m w m m m i mism^ MABLt tilS'TORt. rado, expecting soon to dig out fortunes and return millionaires. After digging and wash- ing a few days — some say they got the color, others say they found small particles of gold — they all concluded to return to their former occupations, thinking that they were more profitable than digging for nuggets in Greene County. » i 4 3? '«■■.»■»»?.«, ■¥«li1 i^>l H ».».».l.».».«-B.».l.».».l Mi m msfO&Y OF GREtiHB OOVNTY. OFFICIAL REGISTER, £ |ELOW are given the names and years of service of the incumbents of the several county offices from the organization of Greene County in 1854 to the close of 1886. Before the adoption of the present Constitution of Iowa, the county officers were chosen either in April or August, and took their positions im- mediately after election. Since January 1, 1858, the terms of office begin on January 1 following each election. COUNTY JUDGES. William Phillips, 1854-'55; Eobert M. Rippey, 1856-'57; Norman S. Daniels, 1857-'60; George S. Walton, 1860-'61; Isaac D. Crumley, 1861-'62; Robert M. Rip- pey, 1862; Dan Mills, 1862-'63; Albert Stone, 1864; Dan Mills, 1864-'65; Abijah Anderson, 1866-'67; Harvey Potter, 1868- '69. Office abolished and duties divided between circuit court and auditor. DRAINAGE COMMISSIONERS. Robert M. Rippey, 1854-'56; Allen J. Cnrrence, 1856-'59; Mason-Linn, 1859-'60; R. Van Horn,-1860-'63; William C. Oungst, 1864; J. C. Lovejoy, 1865. Office abolished. PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. Norman S. Daniels, 1855-'56; Joseph A. Stickney, 1856-'57; O. R. Jones, 1857. Office abolished. CLERKS OF COURTS. Hiram Brock, 1854; Benjamin F. Robin- son, 1854-'55; Benjamin F. Stokes, 1856; V. S. Babb, 1856-'57; George W. Cochran, 1857-'60; Willis Wright, 1861; John M. Culley, 1861-'62; S. G. Crumley, 1863-'64; I. D. Howard, 1865-'72; James F. Anderson, 1873-'78; Daniel W.Henderson, 1879-'84; James A. Henderson, 1885. TREASURERS AND RECORDERS. James H. Phillips, 1855-'56; S. G. Crum- ley, 1856-'59; J. M. Cline, 1860-'63; James Stanford, 1864. Offices then separated. TREASURERS. James Stanford, 1865-'67; G. S. Toliver, 1868-'71; Samuel Jay, 1872-'77; A. S. Gilliland, 1878-'83; J. W. Fitz, 1884. .„■,»„»„. T. G. Stiles, 1865-'68; John H. Clark, 1869-'72; J. W. Fitz,1873-'76; J. C. Toliver, 1877-'80; A. M. Head, 1881-'82; Z. A. Church, 1882; Thomas C. Bigger, 1883-'86. AUDITORS. Marshal B. McDuffie, 1870-'73; George G. Lawrence, 1874-'77; Andrew Watts, 1878-'83; Henry W. Kellogg, 1884. SHERIFFS. Isaac D. Crumley, 1854-'56 ; Elisha McCoy, 1856; George S. "Walton, 1856-'57; Isaac D. Crumley, 1858-'61; James Stanford, 1862- '63; John Betebenner, 1864-'67; Clinton DeWitt, 1868-'71; Andrew Watts, 1872-'75; Jolin Ayers,1876-'77; Thomas Fowler, 1878- '81; George E. Eagleson, 1882. SCHOOL FUND COMMISSIONER. Albert J. Hoisington, 1856-'57. Office abolished. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS. Jackson Orr, 1858-'59; George S. Walton, 1860-'61; David Mallory, 1862-'63; W. S. McBride, 1864-'65; J. C. Lovejoy, 1866; A.. W. Russell, 1867; H. C. Eippey, 1867; Mar- shall B. McDuffie, 1868-'69; I. L. Kephart, 1870-'71; A. R. Mills, 1872-'73; J. W. Huntington, 1874-'75; David Heagle, 1876- '77; H. A. Turrill, 1878-'85; Mary E. Tiirrill, 1886. SURVEYORS. Allen J. Currenoe, 1855-'56; John Cooney, 1856-'57; Robert M. Rippey, 1858-'62; C. W. Barr, 1862-'63; John Cooney, 1864; G. S. Toliver, 1864-'67; James L. Perry, 1868- '69; Jacob M. Toliver, 1870; M. E. Hall, 1870-'73; N. P. Stilson, 1874-'77; L. D. Toliver, 1878; Joseph D. Nichols, 1878-'80; Joseph W. Whipple, 1880-'85; H. W. Bean, 1886. 35 John Barr, 1855-'61; J. J. Anderson, 1862-'63; O. J. White, 1864; Silas Wright, 1864-'65; James Thornton, 1866-'69; D. J. Bowman, 1870; O. S. Underbill, 1870-'71; S. B. Cooper, 1872-'73; I. J. McDuffie, 1874-'75; William Allinson, 1876-'77; S. B. Cooper, 1878-'79; J. C. Lovejoy, 1880-'81; H. O.Beatty, 1882; John Inbody, 1882-'83; D. J. Bowman, 1884. SUPERVISORS. A. R. Mills (chairman), A. W. Hawk and William H. Adams, 1861; A. R. Mills (chair- man), E. Rinehart and Willis AVright, 1862; Willis Wright (chairman), E. Rinehart and Isaac Tucker, 1863 ; Isaac Tucker (chairman), E. A. Orman and H. W. Chambers, 1864; George S. Walton (chairman), E. A. Orman and H. W. Chambers, 1865; George S. Wal- ton (chairman), H. W. Chambers and Joshua Lock, 1866; George S. Walton (chairman), J. C. Lovejoy and H. W. Chambers, 1867; George S. Walton (chairman), H. W. Cham- bers, Joseph Deemer and Alfred Allison, 1868; I. H. Adams (chairman), H. W. Cham- bers, Joseph Deemer and M. S. J. Newcomb, 1869; M. S. J. Newcomb (chairman), J. C. Hasker, George M. Elliott and George Dilla- vou, 1870; William Allinson (chairman), J. C. Lovejoy, C. J. Quinn and C. M. Gilbert, 1871; S. P. Chamberlain (chairman), William Allinson, C. B. Park and C. M. Gilbert, 1872; C. B. Park (chairman), William Allinson and R. E. Witt, 1873; C. B. Park (chairman), R. E. Witt, R. Allen, James Dillavou and D. G. Cromwell, 1874; C. B. Park (chairman), R. E. Witt, R. Allen, James Dillavou and D. G. Cromwell, 1875; C. B. Park (chairman), R. Allen, D. G. Cromwell, W. B. Livingston and H. B. Kees, 1876; C. B. Park (chairman), W. B. Livingston, H. B. Kees, D. B. McCully and Harmon Anderson, 1877; C. B. Park ■■ ■■■■''.■.'■i ^i' it.i.n.ii ■■■■■■."■■■"■■■■■."■■■I '■"■"■LgaHJEgj m »m^m»m^mm^ ajs m = ms^mm m m m m m m m m m m^m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m^m^m m m m m m .m^m m M m m m m^ HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. (chairman), W. B. Livingston, H. B. Kees, D. B. McCully and Harmon Anderson, 1878; C. B. Park (chairman), Harmon Anderson, D. B. McCully, W. B. Livingston and I. H. Adams, 1879; C. B. Park (chairman), W. B. Livingston, I. H. Adams, C. P. Hanger and J. H. Peabody, 1880; W. B. Livingston (chairman), I. H. Adams, C. P. Hanger, J. H. Peabody and James Zeller, 1881; W. B. Livingston (chairman), C. P. Hanger, James Zeller, J. H. Peabody and Mahlon Head, 1882; W. B. Livingston (chairman), James Zeller, Mahlon Head, L. Stockwell and B. F. Osborne, 1883; W. B. Livingston (chairman), Mahlon Head, L. Stockwell, B. F. Osborne and H. W. Kawson, 1884; Mahlon Head (chairman), L. Stockwell, B. F. Osborne, H. W. Rawson and John B. Garland, 1885; Mahlon Head (chairman), H. "W". Rawson, John B. Garland, L. Stockwell and B. F. Osborne, 1886. eepbesentAtives. Cornelius Beal, 1858-'59; J. W. Denison, 1860-'61; George S. Walton, 1862-'63; Samuel B. McCall, 1864-'6o; Azor R. Mills, 1866-'67; Henry C. Rippey, 1868-'69; G. S. Toliver, 1870-'71; William Maxwell, 1872- '73; James N. Miller, 1874-'75; Orlando H. Manning, 1876-'79; S. T. Hutchinson, 1880- '81; L. F. Danforth, 1882-'83; Albert Head, 1884. SENATOBS. Aaron Brown, 1858-'59; John F. Dun- combe, 1860-'61; Edwin B. Potter, 1862-'63;. Henry C. Henderson, 1864-'65; Addison Oliver, 1866-'67; Isaac J. Mitchell, 1868- '69; Theodore Hawley, 1870-'71; John J. Russell, 1872-'75; Samuel D. Nichols, 1876- '77; John J. Russell, 1878-'85; John K. Deal, 1886. CONGBESSMEN-. Timothy Davis, 1857-'59; William Van- dever, 1859-'63; Azahel W. Hubbard, 1863- '69; Charles Pomeroy, 1869-'71; Jackson Orr, 1871-'75; Addison Oliver, 1875-'79; Cyrus C. Carpenter, 1879-'83; A. J. Holmes, 1883. DISTEICTS. Previous to 1863 the whole State of Iowa formed but two congressional districts, of which Greene County was in the second. Then the increase of population entitled Iowa to six Representatives, and in the re- arrangement Greene County was placed for the next ten years in the Sixth District. Then for another decade there were nine districts, and Greene was one of those placed in the Ninth District. Since 1883 there have been eleven districts, and this county is in the Tenth. For representation in the two branches of the General Assembly, Greene County has been associated with one or more adjoining counties, no arrangement being permitted to stand more than four years, and usually but two. Since 1883 the county has been entitled to a Representative by itself. POLITICAL HISTORY. ^POLITICAL HISTORY. fc- | ARTY government is the present, and possibly the future, though not the ideal, feature of our so-called republic; and men have in America been divided into po- parties for 120 years. Upon the passage of the Stamp Act, in 1765, parties for the first time began to take definite shape and manifest open antagonisms, and the words Whig and Tory then had a plainer meaning in America than in England. The Stamp Act was denounced by the Whigs as direct taxation, and so general were the protests that for a time it seemed that only those who owed their livings to the Crown, or expected aid and comfort from it, remained with the Tories. The Whigs were the patriots. After independence was achieved, of course all Americans were Whigs. In the first years of the United States as a federal union, under President Washington, there came about a division into " Particularist " and " Strong Government" Whigs, these soon adopting the more euphonious designations of Anti- Federals and Federals. The former, under Jefferson's lead, afterward became known as Republicans, which name was in the early part of 1806 dropped for that of Democrats. Hence Jefferson is often referred to as the founder of the Democratic party. If, how- ever, this distinction can be claimed for any one man, the friends of Andrew Jackson have perhaps a stronger case. The Democrats were in power in this coun- try from 1801 to 1825, when John Quincy Adams, " the last of the Federalists," was chosen by Congress to fill the office of Presi- dent, the people having failed to elect. Gen- era] Jackson, however, had received a plural- ity of the popular vote, and the remembrance of this fact was one of the chief causes of Jackson's subsequent election in 1828. The elevation of General Jackson to the presi- dency was a triumph over the high protective policy, the federal international improvement policy, and the latitudinous construction of the Constitution, as well as of the Democracy over the Federals, then known as National Republicans. This election was also the per- manent re-establishment of parties on prin- ciple, according to the landmarks of the early years of the Government. For although Mr. Adams had received confidence and office from Mr. Madison and Mr. Monroe, aild had classed with the Democratic party during the " era of good feeling," yet he had previously been a Federal; and on the re-establishment of old party lines which began to take place after the election of Mr. Adams in the House of .Representatives, his affinities and policy became those of his former party; and as a party, with many individual exceptions, they became his supporters and his strength. The Democrats re-nominated Jackson in 1832, while in December preceding the Na- tional Repiiblicans nominated Henry Clay. The hero of New Orleans was elected a sec- ond term by a goodly majority. The Democracy being in power, the fol- lowers of Clay gradually adopted the name of Whigs, which was suggested by the fact that in England the^opposition to the Gov- ernment was known by that appellation. Hence, more than any one man, Henry Clay is looked upon as the founder of the Whig party, which played an important part in American politics for some twenty years. In 1836 they nominated General William Henry Harrison, who was defeated by Martin Yan Buren, the choice of the Democratic party. In the closing year of Jackson's administra- tion, however, a step had been taken which ultimately brought about the temporary down- fall of his party. This step was the distribu- tion of revenue among the States in 1837, which was designed to enhance the value of the State stocks held by the United S.ates Bank. The result was far different, however, and thousands are still living who can tell of the financial crisis of 1837 and the general stringency following. It is natural for the people to charge finan- cial and other troubles, from war down to crop failures, upon the party in power. So ft was in those times, and the result was the ascendency of the Whigs after the next elec- tion, in 1840. On the Whig ticket, General Harrison, of Ohio, was the candidate for President, and John Tyler, of Virginia, for Vice-President. Mr. Clay, the most promi- nent Whig in the country, was not deemed available, and the leading men in the party- were again put aside to make room for a military man, a step prompted by the ex- ample previously set by the Democrats in the case of General Jackson. The men who managed presidential elections believed then as now that military renown was a- passport to popularity and rendered a candidate more sure of election. The contest before the peo- ple was a long and bitter one, the severest ever known in the country up to that time, and scarcely equaled since. The whole Whig party and the large league of suspended banks, headed by the Bank of the United States, making its last struggle for a new national charter in the effort to elect a Presi- dent friendly to it, were arrayed against the Democrats, whose hard-money policy and in- dependent treasury schemes were met with little favor in the then depressed condition of the treasury. The Democrats worked for the re-election of President Van Buren, with Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, as Vice- President, but the Whigs were ultimately successful. The question of extending slave territory by the annexation of Texas was the principal one in the campaign of 1844, and avowedly so in the platforms. The Democracy nomi- nated James K. Polk for President and George M. Dallas for Vice-President. The Whigs nominated their great leader, Henry Clay, with Theodore Frelinghtiysen for Vice- President. Owing largely to the influence of a third party, the Free-Soilers, Clay was defeated in one of the closest elections ever held. Another presidential year brought forward POLITICAL HISTORY. 479 new men and new issues. The Democrats nominated General Lewis Cass for President, and General William O. Butler for Vice- President. The Whigs took advantage of the popularity of General Zachary Taylor, for his military achievements in the Mexican war, just ended, and his consequent " availa- bility," nominated him for the presidency over Clay, Webster and Scott, who were his competitors before the convention. The party which had been made by the greatness of the latter won an easy victory. The presidential election of 1852 was the last campaign in which the Whig party ap- peared in national politics. It nominated a ticket with General Winfield Scott as its candidate for President. His opponent on the Democratic ticket was General Franklin Pierce. A third ticket was placed in the field by the Abolition party, with John P. Hale as its candidate for President. The political see-saw now brought the Democrats in power again. Thus at the beginning of the civil history of Greene County the Democrats were in con- trol, with Franklin Pierce as President, and the Whig party was disintegrating as a na- tional organization. The citizens of Greene County having come from those Eastern States where the Democrats were in the ascendancy, retained their politics after set- tling here, so that this was a Democratic county during its infancy. The Whigs, how- ever, never had a fair test of strength in this county, for in local elections personal popu- larity went much farther than partisanship, and before the county's politics was settled by a presidential election, the death of the Whig party was an accomplished fact, and a new organization, the Republican party, arose from its ashes. Henceforth the giant parties were Democrats and Republicans, the latter absorbing all the elements then existing opposed to the further extension of slavery. The new party was born in a number of places almost simultaneously, but in each case with the same motives and with similar constit- uent elements. The movement assumed definite shape in the summer of 1854, when for Governor of this State James W. Grimes was nominated by the Republicans, to oppose Curtis Bates, the choice of the Democracy. Iowa had hitherto been under the control of the latter party, but the Republicans now carried it, in their first campaign, and it has since remained in the ranks of Republicanism by majorities sometimes running as high as 80,000. Mr. Grimes's personal ability had much to do with the successful organization of the Republicans in Iowa. In this county the first Democratic convention was held on the banks of Hardin's Creek, in the woods back of Phillips' house, three miles below New Jefferson, to nominate candidates for county offices, to be filled at the August elec- tion in 1855. Every person present was nominated for some one of the county offices. The following is the ticket put in nomination : County Judge, William Phillips; Clerk, S. G. Crumley; Treasurer and Recorder, James H. Phillips; Sheriff, Isaac D. Crumley; Prosecuting Attorney, Norman S. Daniels; County Surveyor, Allen J. Currence; Coroner, John Barr. The ticket was successful by varying but decisive majorities. At the general election of August, 1856, there were but two votes in the county for the Republi- can State ticket, to 106 for the Democratic ticket. The first national convention of the Re- publican party nominated John C. Fremont for President, and William L. Dayton for Vice-President. Its platform consisted of a series of resolutions, of which the most important was the following: " That we deny the authority of Congress, agaBBSB ■■' ^ ■■■■M«'» a" « " M "iiw l K-»g»ii» M » M ««».i^ « w - w ^ a r 480 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. of a Territorial Legislature, of any individual or association of individuals, to give legal existence to slavery in any Territory of the United States while the present Constitution shall be maintained." The Democratic convention nominated James Buchanan for President, and John C. Breckinridge for Yice-President. It adopted a platform which contained the material por- tions of all its previous platforms, and also defined its position in regard to the new issues of the day, and declared (1) that the revenue to be raised should not exceed the actual necessary expenses of the Government, and for the gradual extinction of the public debt; (2) that the Constitution does not cou- fer upon the General Government the power to commence, and carry on a general system of internal improvements; (3) for a strict construction of the powers granted by the Constitution to the Federal Government; (4) that Congress has no power to charter a national bank; (5) that Congress has no power to interfere with slavery in the States and Territories, the ' people of which have the exclusive right and power to settle that ques- tion for themselves; (6) opposition to Ameri- canism. Buchanan was easily elected, and to this result Greene County contributed by a vote of 117 to 74; majority, 43. The county re- mained Democratic until 1863, when war issues produced a change. At the general election of 1857 local issues predominated. The Democratic majorities ranged from 7 to 51. The new Constitution, submitted to electors at this time, received 112 votes to 73 against it. This is the organic instrument still in effect in Iowa. The people having suffered from too many elections, one of the provisions of the new Constitution was to the effect that but one general election be held each year in October three years out of four, and in November in presidential years. This rule was followed for the next twenty-five years. The Democratic majority at the Octo- ber election was 68 in a total vote of 170, and in October of the following year 22 in a total vote of 230. This was the closest elec- tion yet held in the county, but the margin in 1859 was yet smaller. Samuel J. Kirk- Wood and Augustus C. Dodge were the can- didates for Governor on the Republican and Democratic tickets respectively, and a warm canvass was followed by a very full vote at the polls. Out of 272 votes in Greene County, Dodge's majority was 20. The majorities for the county offices were even less: judge, 15 ; treasurer and recorder, 3 ; sheriff, 2 ; drainage commissioner, 8; superintendent, 9; surveyor, 9; coroner. 17. The four years of Buchanan's administra- tion were rife with political discussions on the slavery question, the status of the negro, and the troubles in Kansas. The Southern Democrats, true to the supposed interests of their section, became more aggressive in their demands in behalf of slavery, while their brethren in the North followed the lead of Douglas in endeavoring to compromise the slavery question. The two wings differed more and more widely as the months went by, and in their national convention at Charles- ton were unable to agree upon a platform or a candidate, so that the Southern Democrats withdrew in a body. The convention re-as- sembled at Baltimore, and after a protracted struggle nominated Stephen A. Douglas and Herschel V. Johnson. Their platform de- clared that the decisions of the Supreme Court respecting the status of slavery in the Territories should be respected. The South- ern Democrats, however, held another con- vention and nominated John C. Breckinridge and Joseph Lane. The platform adopted contained, in regard to the main question at m m m m m m m ai„m„u -m^m^m a .u m a m i»^m m u m , t i a ,m m m m ,m m m ^m ^i t m ai ^ frs m^K „ m„m a ,m mi m Im m m m j a POLITICAL HISTORY. 481 issue, the statement that slaves in the Terri- tories should be recognized by the Govern- ment as property. The Republicans nominated Abraham Lin- coln and Hannibal Hamlin, and resolved that Kansas should be admitted as a free State, and that the Government should effectually prohibit slavery in the Territories. A so- called Constitutional Union Convention was also held, which nominated John Bell and Edward Everett. The conclusion of this many-sided politi- cal fight was the election of Lincoln, who re- ceived, however, but two-fifths of the popular vote. In this county the canvass was exceed- ingly warm, and 267 votes were cast, Doug- las receiving a majority of twenty-five over Lincoln. Neither Breckinridge nor Bell re- ceived any votes in Greene County. The majorities averaged abont the same all the way down the State and local ticket. In the State and county election of 1861 less than half the vote was drawn out, and there was a vast amount of " ticket scratch- ing," and scarcely any two received like majorities, these ranging from one up, in a total vote of 120. For Governor, Merritt's majority over Kirkwood was thirty-four. In 1862 the majority on the State ticket was fifteen ; on county ticket, considerably larger. The civil war strengthened the Republicans in this State so that it was almost perfunc- tory that any other party made nominations. Colonel "William M. Stone had made himself so popular by his services in the field that in the summer of 1863 he was nominated for Governor against James M. Tuttle. A large vote was polled in this county, which was swept, for the the first time, by the Republi- cans. Stone's majority in Greene County was 29, and the county ticket was even more successful. The county has remained in the Republican column since, nearly a quarter of a century. In 1864 the war was being waged on a scale never before seen in history, at vast ex- pense, and it was uncertain how long the Confederacy could maintain armed resistance. The Republicans were generally unanimous in supporting the coercive policy of the Gov- ernment, while the Democrats, on the other hand, were in favor of a change of policy, and of peace on any terms that would save the Union. The Republican convention of 1864 therefore renominated Abraham Lin- coln by a unanimous vote, save Missouri, whose delegation voted for Ulysses S. Grant. Andrew Johnson was nominated for Vice- President. The platform approved the eman- cipation proclamation, declared slavery dead, pledged support for the further prosecution of the war, and demanded the unconditional surrender of the rebellions States. The Democratic convention nominated George B. McClellan and George H. Pendleton, and adopted a platform criticising the methods of the administration. Lincoln received 212 electoral votes to McClellan's twenty-one, the people indorsing the old maxim " that it is dangerous to swap horses while crossing a stream." The Lincoln ticket received a majority of 50 in Greene County, and the Re- publican county ticket's vote was slightly larger than that for President. In 1865 the Republican majority was larger than the Democratic vote, being over 100 in a total vote of nearly 300. In 1866 the total vote was increased by 70, and the Republi- can majority by about 60. These were dis- couraging times for the Greene County Dem- ocracy, but they put up their full ticket every year, and in 1867 were gratified by the par- tial success of cutting down the Republican majority to 86, in a total vote of over 500. The population of the county was now stead- l!L" *TJ? " l gSg^g?!gg™!fgT w ""™^ .■„■»»«.■.■«■«.■«.■■. ^■-■-■-■-■■-■■■-■■■■■I ■«-■■■. 483 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. ily increasing, as may be seen by the regu- larly swelling total vote. The forces of the two parties were well trained in these years, and generally, voted straight. "Ticket scratching" was discountenanced. Bothjparties desired to nominate General Grant in 1868, but the Republicans stole a march on their opponents by holding their convention first. Schuyler Colfax was naiped for Vice-President. The Democratic con- vention was for a long time unable to decide between Pendleton, Hancock, Hendricks and others; but on the twenty-second ballot Ho- ratio Seymour, whose name had been scarcely mentioned before, was unanimously nomi- nated, together with Francis P. Blair for Vice-President. An active canvass followed, in which the brief expression, " Let us have peace," in Grant's letter of acceptance, was liberally employed by Republican journals and orators to tone down what were regarded as rapidly growing race and sectional differ- ences, and with such effect that Grant carried all of the States save eight, receiving an electoral vote of 214 against 80. His major- ity in this county was 190, the largest ever given in the county up to this time. The total vote was less than the previous year. In 1869 the Republican majority leaped to over 250, or more than the Democratic vote. The latter was less than one-third the total vote, which was nearly 700. The Democrats made no nominations in this county except for auditor and treasurer, but the vote was very close on those two offices, the majorities being 42 and 31 respectively. In 1870 there was but one ticket in the field, the Re- publican nominees having a " walk-over." In 1871 there were two tickets, but the majority for the controlling party was in- creased without effort to 350. An issue raised in Missouri gave immedi- ate rise to the Liberal Republican party, though the course of Horace Greeley had long pointed toward the organization of something of the kind, and with equal plain- ness it pointed to his desire to be its cham- pion and candidate for the presidency. In 1870 the Republican party in Missouri, then in control of the Legislature, split on the question of the removal of the disqualifica- tions imposed upon the rebels by the State Constitution during the war. Those favor- ing the removal of disabilities were headed by B. Gratz Brown and Carl Schurz, and they called themselves Liberal Republicans. Those- opposed were called and accepted the name of Radical Republicans. The former quickly allied themselves with the Democrats, and thus carried the State, though Grant's administration " stood in " with the Radicals. The liberal movement rapidly spread, and its leaders at once began to lay plans to carry the next presidential election, . Horace Greeley was nominated for President and B. Gratz Brown for Vice- President. The Democratic convention in- dorsed these nominations, but a few dissatisfied Democrats named Charles O'Conor and John Quincy Adams. The Republicans re-nomi- nated General Grant, with Henry Wilson for Vice-President. The Republicans were over- whelmingly successful, not so much from the popularity of Grant as from the unpopular- ity of Greeley. In this county the vote was: Grant, 743; Greeley, 117; O'Conor, 113; a plurality of 626 in a total of nearly 1,000 votes. This majority has been won by the Republicans two or three times since. The ma jorities on county ticket were from 414 to 812. In 1873 the majority on State ticket was 200; on county ticket, somewhat more. In 1874 the majorities ranged from 340 to 500, and in 1875 they were as high on State ticket, but fell to less than 100 on all the county offices except auditor. .«„ B M B,ii,« M m,m a B ,i» M »«ii M »i.B„a B ii.a!«,ni M a,n B -i ■SSiSS«Si ^ ■ ■■■ B , » »M M M »M,» ,j „ n _a.B» a .g» g a,M m w„ g tg M CT ffi m a ^»^w.»»B. a ,i«. a . » . MM iB^ an i« B .ia M M ,re,iB I HISTORY. 483 The troubles in the South and the almost general overthrow of the " carpet bag " gov- ernments impressed all with the fact that the presidential election of 1876 would be ex- ceedingly close, and the result confirmed this belief. The Republicans nominated Ruther- ford B. Hayes and "William A. Wheeler, and the Democrats, Samuel J. Tilden and Thomas A. Hendricks. A third party had sprung into existence, called at first " Greenbackers," but latterly "National Greenbackers," who de- sired to relieve the financial crisis of 1873 and the hard times following by a large issue of irredeemable paper money. They nomi- nated Peter Cooper and Samuel F. Cary. After a contest for months over the returns of the election, Hayes was declared elected. The vote in this county was: Hayes, 1,310; Tilden, 480; Cooper, 184. The majority of 830 marks the highest point of the Republi- can wave in this county. In 1887 Gear's plurality for Governor was 480; the majorities for county offices rang- ing from 149 to 313. The average Repub- lican majority was over 200, and in 1879 over 700. The difference was caused by " fusion " in 1878 between Democrats and Greenbackers, while in 1879 separate tickets were run. There was a contested election in 1878. For recorder, M. O. Robertson re- ceived 1,015 votes to 1,005 for James C. Toliver; but on a re-count, and deducting certain votes decided to be illegal, Toliver was seated by a majority of two. The total vote in the county was now over 2,000. The year 1880 brought with it another presidential election. The nominees were: Republican, James A. Garfield and Chester A. Arthur; Democratic, "Winfield S.Hancock and William H. English; National Green- back, James B. Weaver. The Republicans won, largely owing to the issue of a protect- ive tariff. The vote in Greene County was: Garfield, 1,645; Hancock, 457; Weaver, 398; Garfield's plurality, 1,188. The majority for clerk of courts was 922 ; plurality for recorder, 485. The average plurality in 1881 was 900, there being no fusion. At the special elec- tion of June, 1882, 2,345 votes were cast, and the majority for the prohibition amendment was 799. In November, 1882, the Repub- lican majorities were nearly all over 800. Thomas C. Bigger was chosen recorder, however, by the narrow margin of 47. In the autumn of 1883 occurred the memorable joint canvass of the three candidates for Governor, Sherman, Kinne and Weaver. Nearly 2,700 votes were cast in Greene County, Sherman's plurality being 595. For 1884 the nominations for President and Vice-President were: Democratic, Grover Cleveland and Thomas A. Hendricks; Repub- lican, James G. Blaine and John A. Logan; National, Benjamin F. Butler; Prohibition, John P. St. John. The campaign was a very bitter and disagreeable one, and will be remembered with little pride. The issue was partly personal, but Cleveland was elected principally on the demand for civil-service reform. Blaine has always been very popu- lar with the Republican party, and they were confident of winning with him as their can- didate. The election was a very close one, Cleveland's plurality in New York, the pivotal State, being but about 1,100. One of the incidents of this contest was the fact that many Republicans stoutly maintained that Blaine was elected, for weeks after the day the ballots were cast. The vote in Greene County was: Blaine, 1,924; Cleveland 1,525; Blaine's plurality, 399. This reduced figure was due to fusion on the part of the Demo- crats and Greenbackers. In 1885 Governor Larrabee's plurality was 404, the same figures obtaining substantially on the whole Republican ticket. to i ^^^^^■■■ ^■ ^'.■■ ■ ■.■■■■■■■■■ s^m 484 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. i M£- «-^« ^>(t I ^The Civil War.» .2m£ gaiEi^i^^O liitii B ^^CT j TO j ^^^^j^jaa}gg;^|jggjm ja 1W& OUT day-break on the 12th of April, 1861, the stillness of Charleston Bay was disturbed by the firing of a large mor- tar and the shriek of a shell as it rushed through the air. The shell burst over Fort Sumter, and the war of the great Rebellion was begun. In the North the hope had been tenaciously clung to that the peace of the country was not to be disturbed. This dream was rudely broken by the siege of Fort Sumter. The North awakened suddenly to the awful certainty that civil war was begun. There was a deep feeling of indigna- tion at the traitors who were willing to ruin their country that slavery might be secure. There was a full appreciation of the danger, and an instant universal determination that, at whatever cost, the national life must be preserved. Personal sacrifice was uncon- sidered; individual interests were merged in the general good. Political differences, ordi- narily so bitter, were for the time almost effaced. Nothing was of interest but the question how the audacious rebellion was to be suppressed and the American nation upheld in the great place which it claimed among men. Two days after the fall of Fort Sumter Mr. Lincoln intimated by proclamation the dis- honor done to the laws of the United States, and called out the militia to the extent of 75,000 men. The free States responded enthusiastically to the call. So prompt was their action that on the very next day several companies arrived in Washington. Flushed by their easily won victory, the Southerners talked boastfully of seizing the capital. In a very short time there were 50,000 loyal men ready to prevent that, and the safety of "Wash- ington was secured. The North pushed forward with boundless energy her warlike preparations. Rich men offered money with so much liberality that in a few days nearly $25,000,000 had been contributed. The school-teachers of Boston dedicated fixed proportions of their incomes to the support of the Government while the ■ -«-m« M - g « w - » -M.M.M.B„M.ii.a.^. i a.m„ Tg^»^-ffl^- « „ai.» i„ i w„».»i.» .a.«^«.,M» ,a w »nWS»ig»iP p- THE CIVIL WAB. 485 war should last. All over the country the excited people gathered themselves into crowded meetings and breathed forth in fervid resolutions their determination to spend fortune and life in defense of the Union. Volunteer companies were rapidly formed. In the cities ladies began to organize themselves for the relief of sick and wounded soldiers. It had been fabled that the North would not fight. With a fiery promptitude, unknown before in modern history, the people sprang to arms. Greene County had at this time less than 1,400 inhabitants. With a population mainly devoted to agriculture, who knew nothing of war except by history or tradition, it could hardly be expected that a warlike spirit would soon disturb the peaceful population. But we know little of the fire that slumbers in quiet breasts until occasion calls it forth. The stars and stripes were unfurled in all the principal public and business places in Jefferson, and meetings were held all over the county to express the loyal sentiment of the people. The promptness and unanimity with which Greene County's citizens set about contributing their quota for the Union army will ever be a source of pride and won- der. At this date it seems almost incon- ceivable that the young farmers, mechanics, clerks and professional men could so soon drop their respective avocations and arrange themselves by companies and regiments to march at the word of command. Political and other differences seemed completely forgotten. Under the first call of President Lincoln the quota of Iowa was fixed at one regiment, and this was filled up so promptly by those counties connected by railroads with the cap- ital and other rendezvous points that the re- mote counties, like Greene, stood no show until late in the summer af 1861, when, among other regiments, the Tenth was organ- ized. Company H, in this regiment, was enrolled in the counties of Greene, Carroll, Calhoun and Johnson counties, about two- thirds of the men being from Greene County. The Greene County boys in this regiment, together with such facts as can be obtained from the official reports are here given : Jackson Orr, mustered in September 7, 1861 (the whole company was mustered in on this date), commissioned Captain Septem- ber 24, 1861, resigned August 8, 1863. John H. Clark, promoted to First Ser- geant, wounded in the shoulder and head at Champion Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863; commissioned Captain August 11, 1863; mustered November 17, 1863, veteran; mus- tered out January 13, 1865. William G. Oungst, promoted from First Sergeant to Second Lieutenant February 7, 1862; First Lieutenant March 3, 1862; re- signed October 7, 1862. Matthew Custer, promoted to Second Ser- geant, veteran, then First Lieutenant, Janu- ary 4, 1865. Andrew Perteuch, commissioned Septem- ber 24, 1861, as Second Lieutenant; resigned February 6, 1862. Isaac H. Brown, promoted from Second Sergeant to Second Lieutenant March 3, 1862; killed at Champion Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863. John Bish, promoted to Second Lieutenant August 7, 1865, but mustered out as Second Sergeant; wounded October 4, 1862, at Cor- inth, Mississippi, and November 25, 1863, at Chattanooga, Tennessee, slightly, in the hip; veteran. Hubbard W. Bunker, promoted from Fifth Sergeant to First Lieutenant October 8, 1862, veteran; discharged October 11, 1864. Isaiah W. Deemer, Third Sergeant. Goldsborow B. Burk, Fourth Sergeant, l» «"»M. »»I..W.M_ l l,, ■ !. ■ _ ! 486 »■■«»-«■■■■«'-■-■ jn HIBTOBY OF GREENE COUNTY. i«e.». °«'»'«' wounded slightly in the head at Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 25, 1863; re-enlisted February 1, 1864. Sanford M. Amy, First Corporal, wounded severely in the left thigh at Champion Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863. Robert T. Smith, Seeond Corporal, cap- tured at Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 25, 1863, and died of diarrhoea at Anderson- ville, Georgia, in prison, July 1, 1865. Joshua- Burk, Seventh Corporal, promoted to Sergeant; wounded severely in the right arm at Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 25, 1863; discharged at Davenport, Iowa, July 4, 1864, for wounds. Albert Crumley, Third Corporal, dis- charged for inguinal hernia at Bird's Point, February 1, 1862. Henry Myers, Fourth Corporal, re-enlisted February 1, 1864. John L. Kinney, Fifth Corporal, trans- ferred August 17, 1863, at Vicksburg, Mis- sissippi, to the Twelfth Louisiana Volunteers. Archibald Burk, Eighth Corporal, wounded slightly in the head at Champion Hills, Mis- sissippi, May 16, 1863, severely in the leg at Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 25, 1863; discharged at Davenport, Iowa, July 15, 1864, for wounds. Coleman P. Wright, promoted Corporal, died at Columbia, South Carolina, February 19, 1865. George W. Short, promoted Corporal, wounded severely in the right leg at Cham- pion Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863, dis- charged at Davenport August 11, 1863, for disability. Xavier Carlin, promoted Corporal, re-en- listed January 1, 1864; wounded slightly in the foot at Cox's Bridge, North Carolina, March 20, 1865. Joseph Deemer, musician. John Roberts, musician, discharged at Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, April 17, 1863. Jacob Young, wagoner, re-enlisted F e b- ruary 1, 1864. William Anderson, private, discharged at Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, March 6, 1862. Joseph A. Anderson, private, wounded in the left leg at Corinth, Mississippi, October 3, 1862; re-enlisted February 1, 1864. Daniel H. Anderson, private, re-enlisted March 12, 1864. William L. Adkins, private, wounded slightly in the left arm at Champion Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863; re-enlisted Feb- ruary 1, 1864. John W. Adkins, private, died, date and place unknown. Archibald L. Allen, private, discharged March 6, 1862, at Bird's Point, Missouri. Henry L. Athey, private, discharged at Bird's Point, Missouri, March 6, 1862. Thomas Athey, private, re-enlisted January 1, 1864. John Bennett, private, died of measles at Cape Girardeau, Missouri, November 9, 1861. James M. Brewer, private, wounded slightly in the back at Champion Hills, Missouri, May 16, 1863; re-enlisted January 1, 1864. James R. Carter, private, died of measles at Cape Girardeau, Missouri, November 21, 1861. John Chaffin, private, died of measles at Cape Girardeau, Missouri, November 19, 1861. Philip Cline, private. Jonathan Crumley, private, died at Mound City, Illinois, September 15, 1862. Edward Davenport, private, discharged at Bird's Point, Missouri, February 10, 1862. William Greek, private. Amos Gilliland, private, wounded severely in the side at Champion Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863. William N. Hall, private, killed in the ■-■■■-■■■="B' battle of Champion Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863. John B. John, private, discharged at Keo- kuk December 10, 1862, for disability. Thomas M. Lee, private, wounded severely in the neck at Champion Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863, and severely in the arm at Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 25, 1863. Joseph R. Lock, private, transferred April 22, 1863, to the Eleventh Louisiana Volun- teers. Giles Jeff McMoy, private. John C. McLain, private, re-enlisted Feb- ruary 1, 1864. Daniel Miller, private, died at Bird's Point, Missouri, of diarrhosa, February 4, 1862. Jacob Miller, private, accidentally killed at Cape Girardeau, Missouri, October 19, 1861. Oliver O. Mosier, private, promoted Com- missary Sergeant October 19, 1861; died at Bird's Point, Missouri, February 6, 1862. Addison Monroe, private. William Rhoads, private, wounded in the thigh at Champion Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863, and in consequence died at Mem- phis, Tennessee, July 16, following. Abraham Scott, private, transferred Feb- ruary 15, 1864, to invalid corps. Alonzo C. Stevens, private. Hiram Scott, private. Jerome W. Teitsort, private, re-enlisted January 1, 1864. Thomas B. Turpin, private, died of measles at Mound City, Illinois, December 25, 1861. John E. Van Horn, private. John F. Wilson, private, re-enlisted Feb- ruary 1, 1864. Lewis Wright, private. William H. B. Wynkoop, discharged at Bird's Point, Missouri, February 1, 1862, for scrofula and consumption. John David, Lewis Adkins, William Mc- Coy, Marion Keece, Addison Monroe and Charles J. Wynkoop enlisted at the same time, but were rejected by the mustering officer. The company was mustered into the service of the United States at Iowa City September 7, 1861. On the same day Smith S. Hutchinson was added to the roll. He was killed in the battle at Champion Hills, Mississippi, May 16, 1863. Daily B. Johns and Gillum S. Toliver joined Company K of the same regiment, but on the 28th of Sep- tember, 1861, they were transferred to Com- pany H, to be with the rest of the Greene County boys. Toliver was discharged at Hamburg, Tennessee, May 7, 1862, for dis- ability, and Johns died on the same date at Mound City, Illinois. Among the subsequent enlistments in this company from Greene County were Harrison Bruner, February 25, 1864; Reuben B. Greek, February 26, 1864; John W. Myers, February 25, 1864: Henry Rambarger, March 16, 1864; James C. Toliver, February 25, 1864, and James S. Wilson, February 19, 1864. The Tenth Regiment was in the service neary four years, and was mustered out at Little Rock, Arkansas, August 15, 1865. The Thirty-ninth Infantry, Company E, contained perhaps two score men from Greene County. Robert M. Rippey was commis- sioned Captain November 24, 1862. He died at Corinth, Mississippi, October 30, 1863. He had been county judge of Greene County, and was a popular, valuable citizen. John N. Coulter was commissioned First Lieutenant November 24, 1862, Captain Oc- tober 31, 1863, and resigned January 6, 1865. Newton P. Wright was promoted from Sec- ond Lieutenant to First Lieutenant October 31, 1863, and was killed at Allatoona Octo- ber 5, 1864. Jacob M. Toliver was commis- sioned Second Lieutenant November 24, 1862, and resigned March 4, 1863. Among the .' 8 I 41 DC it (i< ■ 1 1 r*~ !■■■»»■'■■■■ i t :■ 488 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. rank and file were Albert M. Bills, John Car- son, David Reed, Oliver M. Smith, Jacob Worley, Mark York, Theodore B. Powers, Caleb A. Shreve, Luther Short, Charles H. Tietsort and William F. Waldon. Shreve, Eeed, Bills and Tietsort were captured at Allatoona October 5, 1864. Carson and Waldon were wounded in that famous battle. Mark York died at Resaca, Georgia, May 22, 1864. There were a few Greene County men in other regiments, and some of these were: John W. Myers enlisted in the Ninth, February 26, 1864. David John enlisted in the Twenty-third, Company E, August 16, 1862. Robert Gilroy, John H. Sims, George W. Mason and William E. McCoy enlisted May 11, 1864, in the Forty-fourth (100-days), Company H. John Ladlie enlisted May 23, 1864, in the Forty-sixth (100-days), Company C. Altogether, Greene County, which had but 1,374 inhabitants in 1860, furnished about 150 men for the army of the Union. Of these scarce a score are now living. The present population being largely made up of immigrants from Eastern States, there are in the county many old soldiers who enlisted from other States, or from other counties in this State. Altogether, it is estimated that not less than 250 ex-soldiers reside in Greene County, representing more than sixty differ- ent regimental organizations. The Tenth General Assembly passed a law organizing the militia of the State, in accord- ance with which 917 militia companies were formed, including two from Greene County. But little was done, however, in the way of drilling. t rggS»» a* m " latlgltaiiiiaHa, VJJJBHmSS • ■■■■■■■■■ ■ ■■■■.■■■^■■■ ■ ■■■■■ ■ ■■■■■■■■■ ■-■■■.■■ ■■i n " . ».». ". « i".i.".«, # 2^^ PRE88. 489 „j_gk_ »U ^ «X» ^ -J* efo *!/■ iJ3BO«55*?3>»Jt3® •&• <» ^L. t fo «1« & -J* 3fr ntll -(tt^t^- /Tgypyr "T^\ -po ts > ~r^\ gs"V gr-v • ^@gr>e^ay-jag) T" tj9 T» <$) T- "J- ^"T" w ! » HAT " the pen is mightier than the sword " is a say- ing so trite that one is almost ashamed to quote it, yet it is worth urging upon the at- tention of unobservant people that the rapid material progress of humanity in the nineteenth century is due, more than to any other one agency, to improved facilities of travel and communi- cation. Railroads, mails and newspapers have become necessi- ties to mankind, though many are now living who are older than the oldest railroad, and to whom a daily paper once seemed a useless extravagance. Even now changes are made yearly, and improvements discovered of such moment that the future value and function of the newspaper cannot yet be estimated. Types were first used to reproduce only the Bible and such books as were demanded in large numbers. Then came the periodical and pamphlet. The reviews and magazines increased in number and frequency of publi- cation, and then the weekly newspaper was established, to be supplemented in time by the daily journals. At first only large cities could support papers; now it is a poor village that cannot have one or more, and a small county that has not its half dozen. One of the most important changes in the develop- ment of the country newspaper occurred from 1860-to 1870. Before the former date, home news, locals and correspondence were not considered worth printing, but the reading matter was composed of reprints from the great journals, news from Europe, proceed- ings of Congress, and heavy editorials on national politics. Now these are supplied by the large city papers, which are brought to every village by those annihilators of dis- tance, the railroads, and the home paper is largely filled with home news. The best county paper now is the one which gives the most space to town and county news, cor- respondence from every postoffice, and the proceedings of local organizations. •J? '-, ■ t ( m, Ft I HISTORY OF GREENS COUNTY. • 5 <■ In Greene County to-day are published five newspapers, while half a dozen more have been issued that are now defunct by change of name or suspension. Generally speaking, the editors have been men of in- telligence and enterprise, while .to-day they are among the leading citizens of the county, and their opinions are of influence among the journalistic profession in Northwestern Iowa. The first newspaper published in Greene County was the JEFFERSON STAB established in 1859 or 1860, by V. B. Crooks. This was merged, in 1863, into the JEFFERSON RECORD, which was published by Wynkoop«& Upton first, and afterward by "Wynkoop & MeBride. When the Becord suspended, the community were without a local paper for a year or two. In 1866 the JEFFERSON ERA was established by M. H. & M. L. Money. In 1871 the name was changed to that it bears at present, the JEFFERSON BEE. Al. Swalm was proprietor of this for a time, and then J. M. Ehoads was admitted as a partner, and the firm name was made Swalm & Ehoads. In 1874 Ehoads & Alexander succeeded Swalm & Ehoads. Two years later J. M. Ehoads became sole proprietor. The following year, 1877, Ehoads & Gray became the publishers. This partnership existed for six years, when Mr. Ehoads was again left alone. In October, 1884, he sold to E. B. Stillman, the present editor and proprietor. Under his management the Bee has con- tinued to improve in quality and increase in circulation, and is now one of the leading Eepublican journals of this region. It is issued on Thursdays, at $2 a year, and is in size a seven-column quarto. GREENE COUNTY GAZETTE. The Greene County Gazette was started in 1879, by Jackson & McLaury, as a Greenback paper. This firm was succeeded by Thorn- burg & McLaury, and they by C. H. Jackson. Isaac S. Eussell leased the office and material from Mr. Jackson and gave to the waiting world the JEFFERSON CITIZEN, which suspended in the spring of 1883. C. G. Eeynolds soon after started the JEFFERSON DEMOCRAT, and ran it a few months until it was deemed unprofitable, after which, in connection with the famous "Will S. Kernan, of Okolona (Mississippi) States fame, he issued one number of the IOWA ADVOCATE. This did not meet with a particularly cordial reception, and its projectors did not push it. The IOWA ARGUS was published at Jefferson from the spring of 1884 to January, 1885, as a Greenback and Labor paper, by J. E. Sovereign, now of the Atlantic Peoples' Advocate. THE SOUVENIR was established at Jefferson April 4, 1885, by "W. M. Ferguson, as a society paper, four- column quarto in size. It was published in that style until the middle of September fol- lowing, when A. M. Head became a partner, and the firm has since been Ferguson & Head. The paper was then enlarged to a six-column quarto in size. It is independent in politics, and is published on Saturdays, at $1 per year. THE PRESS. 491 GRAND JUNCTION HEADLIGHT. In the autumn of 1869, as soon as Grand Junction was laid out and building had be- gun, the town proprietors arranged with Mills & Co., of Des Moines, to publish a newspaper at this place. Mills & Co. were then State printers, and also publishers of the State Register. They equipped a small office at Grand Junction, and with the new year, 1870, came before the expectant citi- zens the first number of the Headlight. Two years later S. C. Maynard, who had been for a time manager of the office, purchased the same from Mills & Co. He has been pro- prietor and editor since. The Headlight is in size a seven-column quarto (double that it originally had), and is published on Thurs- days, at $2 per year. It is the only Demo- cratic paper in Greene County, and has an extensive circulation in Greene and Boone counties. SCKANTON GAZETTE. The Gazette was established in January, 1875, by W. W. Yarman. In about three years he sold to one Brown, who made it a Greenback paper, but failed a year later. It was a six-column folio. The SCKANTON JOURNAL was started in 1879, by H. O. Beatty. In October, 1882, he sold to H. G. McCulloch & Son, and in 1883 F. II. McCulloch became sole proprietor. February 8, 1884, he sold to P. A. Smith. The Journal has been from the start a Republican paper, in size a five- column quarto. It is issued on Thursdays, at $1.50 a year, and circulates principally in Greene and Carroll counties. SCRANTON FREE PRESS. This paper was started September 1, 1886, by M. M. Mahoney, and is a six-column quarto, independent in politics. It is pub- lished on Wednesdays, at $1 a year. M. M. Mahoney is a son of Thomas and Sarah Mahoney, and is a native of Canada, where he was born in 1859. He has fol- lowed the " art preservative " in various places since he was ten years old. He was married October 15, 1885, to Miss Delia Warner. He is a member of the Christian church. CHURDAN PAPERS. The Greene County Clarion was a Demo- cratic paper, started in July, 1885, and pub- lished for nearly a year by S. W. Groves. He sold to E. N. Pense and E. Downs July 7, 1886. They changed the name to the Churdan Belle, and published it a few months, when they suspended. 38 '•J sSjk»M* 1 LrJ^Vt U H p ^* B ?* *> ■?**-*? '^ F» * BISTORT OF OBBENH OOUJfTT. *T -* PROFESSIONAL. *- THE BAR. 58 N the biographical por- tion of this work are . given biographies of the present bar, but there are a number who belong to the past — who have come and gone, or died in the county — and these de- serve mention. In their proper order we will allude to the pres- ent as well as the past attorneys. Most of these, of course, were residents of Jefferson. The first resident attorney was Jackson Orr. He came to Jeffer- son in 1855, the first year of the village's history, and practiced law and dealt in real estate here for six years. In 1861 he went into the service of " Uncle Sam " as Captaiu of Company H, Tenth Iowa Volun- teer Infantry. He resigned after two years service, and on his return located at Boone and engaged in mercantile business. He served two terms in the National House of Representatives, and one term in the State Senate. He is now in Silverton, Colorado. In politics he has always been an active Re- publican. He was an able man, and well known in the early history of this county. William Phillips and Robert M. Rippey, both of whom held the office of county judge before the war, were never exactly practicing members of the bar, but were prominent men, and, of course, connected more or less with legal circles. Dan. Mills came to the county just after Jackson Orr, from Elkhart, Indiana. He practiced continuously till during the war, when he was appointed to a clerkship in Washington. He was satisfied with this but a few months, and then returned to Jefferson, where he was appointed county judge, to which office he had been elected before going to Washington. After the expiration of his term as county judge, he practiced law until his health failed. He is yet living at Jeffer- son, but old and infirm. In politics he has been a Republican. O. R. Jones practiced law three or four years before the war; was then in mercantile business several years, also farming to some extent. He went South, and two or three years ago died in Indian Territory. He was an active Republican politician. p ggggg ! ggfiBBBBag5gEgggBg a g fi Bag»»gg5gEBgg5g5gmWS^ PR0FE88l0NAIr-THE BAR. 493 V. B. Ckooks was a successful lawyer of more than average ability, and died here, before the war, while in his prime. He was politically a Democrat. H. C. Rippey, a cousin of Judge Rippey, was from Elkhart, Indiana. He was in prac- tice for a number of years, and then removed to Florida. He has been a Democrat usually, but during the war acted with the Republi- cans. He served one term as Representative in the General Assembly. G. S. Toliver commenced practice soon after the war, and has continued to the pres- ent time. He is a Republican, has served one term as Representative in the General Assembly, and two terms as county treasurer. Albert Head came about the same time, practiced law several years, and then devoted himself to banking. He has served two terms in the Lower House of the General Assembly, and was Speaker the last time. He is a Republican. J. J. Russell has been here nearly as long. He is a Republican, and has served a term in the State Senate. Orlando H. Manning read law with Rus- sell & Head, and practiced law at Jefferson for a time, then removed to Carroll. Since that time he has been Representative to the General Assembly, and Lieutenant-Governor of the State. The town of Manning, in Carroll County, is named in Ms honor. He is a Republican in politics. He is now in business at Topeka, Kansas. Harvey Potter has been here since 1865 as a lawyer and insurance agent. He is a ) Republican, and was the last county judge of Greene County, being elected in the autumn of 1867. During 1869, the second year of \ his term, he was ex-officio county auditor. 5 C. H. Jackson came to Jefferson in 1870. He has been in practice ever since, and has J also been prominent in politics. He was first a Democrat, but of late years has been a Greenbacker. He edited for several years the Ghreene County Gazette, a Greenback paper not. now published. In 1882 he was the Greenback candidate for Attorney-Gen- eral of the State, and two years later he was the fusion candidate for circuit judge in this district. I. D. Howard, who was for eight years county clerk, was admitted to the bar dnring that time and has practiced continuously since 1869. He is a Republican, and has been one of the leading politicians of Greene County. In 1874 he was appointed by President Grant Register of the Land Office for the Del Norte District, comprising the southern half of Colorado; but finding that desolate region too unpleasant to think of asking his family to live there, he resigned in a few weeks. He has been mayor of Jefferson, and is now jus- tice of the peace. I. J. McDuffie came here about 1870, and after practicing alone for a time, formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, M. E. Hall, who came two or three years after Mr. McDuffie. Mr. Hall went east, to Vermont, but two or three years later returned, and is now a resident of Jefferson, though not prac- ticing. Mr. McDuffie practiced two years alone, after Mr. Hall Went East, then formed a partnership with I. D. Howard, which was maintained for ten years, and in July, 1886, removed to Le Mars, Plymouth County. He was a Republican until 1883, since when he has put his faith in Democracy. In 1886 he was defeated for county attorney in Plymouth County. James A. Henderson came to Jefferson in 1873, from Marshalltown, and was for two years in partnership with I. D. Howard. He was then alone one year, after which he re- moved to Illinois, where he died. He was a brother of Judge H. C. Henderson, Hon. 494 HISTORY OF GREENE GOtTNfT. 1 Thomas J. Henderson, ex-Congressman from the Princeton (Illinois) district, John W. Henderson, State Senator from Cedar Rapids and president of the Farmers' Insurance Com- pany, and Daniel W. Henderson, ex-county clerk of Greene County — all are Republicans. L. W. Reynolds was here for three years, and is now practicing at Boone. Z. A. Church has been a resident attor- ney for seven years, and in the autumn of 1886 was elected county attorney on the Re- publican ticket. W. W. Andbews and E. E. Clark came here a few years ago and formed a "partner- ship. They have both left, the former for Dakota, while Clark is now at Grand Junc- tion, this county. Pebey D. Rose was admitted to the bar in 1882, and located at Scranton. In June, 1886, he removed to Jefferson and formed a part- nership with I. D. Howard. At Grand Junction, Thomas H. Grove, of Hagerstown, Maryland, located in 1870. He remained nine years, and then went to Colo- rado. L. K. Alder was at this point from 1881 to 1884, and did well here. He is now in Ainsworth, Nebraska. Messrs. Clark and Turner, the present lawyers of the place, are comparatively recent arrivals. The first lawyer at Scranton was William M. Langley. He came in 1873, and several years later removed to Nebraska. Lucius Barnes was in practice here two years, and died in 1880. Perry D. Rose came here from Jefferson in 1883, practiced three years, and in June, 1886, returned to Jefferson, where he is now a partner of I. D. Howard. T. B. Moore located at Scranton in the spring of 1886, as an emigrant from Carroll, and now has the field to himself. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. The pioneer physician of Greene County was Dr. James Miller, who lived north of the present site of Scranton, and practiced over a wide extent of country for many years. The first physician of Jefferson was a Dr. Lewis. He lived but a short time, and was the first death at Jefferson. "W. S. McBride, who came from Indiana, located at the county seat, just established, in 1855. Early in the war he opened a drug store, which he con- ducted in connection with the practice of medicine until 1870, when he removed to Marshalltown. He is still conducting a drug store, and is well off. He is spoken of as a good physician. G. H. Gbimmell came in 1865, and has been continuously in practice since. D. J. Bowman, an eclectic, has been in practice most of the time for sixteen years, and is now serving his third term as county coroner. W. S. Scheemeehoen, in partnership with Messrs. Loomis and King, purchased Mc- Bride's drug store on the removal of the lat- ter to Marshalltown, and Schermerhorn has been in practice since. C. J. Cowan came from Goshen, Indiana, to Jefferson in 1867, and after three years returned to his former location. C. J. Wynkoop was here about two years, and is now in mercantile business in Kansas. Chaeles Enfield has now been in practice about fifteen years. Iea H. Fey, a homoeopathist, located here in 1879, and in 1884 moved to Clarinda, Page County. De. Ceaig came in 1880 from Rippey, and after two or three years at Jefferson removed to Lohrville, north of this county. F. D. Cass came here from Illinois in 1882, and one year later located at Churdan, this county, where he has a drug store. PI. W. Dickinson, a homoeopathist, located here in 1884, and is now in practice. The first physician at Grand Junction was O. W. Lowry, who is still in practice. Drs. Kirby and Scarborough, are also in practice there. Dr. Park has been an eminent prac- titioner, but has never entered upon general practice in Grand Junction. Dr. James Pressnell located at Scranton in 1868, and died in 1883. Dr. E. Olive has been in practice for twenty years, and has kept a drug store since 1872. Dr. W. C. Davis was here two years. and went to Geor- gia. Dr. B. H. Hoover was here two years, and in 1881 went to Audubon County. Dr. E. A. Gleason was here a year and a half, and in 1885 went "West. ^=^-Wg||^^*jMlli Wii"«" M ««"«W M " M W W W-»-»»"l M "a^»W M »-"«M«» M »-ll'd^aW^W M "^ng»5»S»S^ HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. j^jjjj^jj^j^^^^^^^^w! » jgTjg^ r JHH- J - J ' J - J ' J ' l ' J ' J ' J ' J j:[ ' MISCELLANEOUS, i JJJJJJJJ J^^^^r JJJJJJJJJJJJJ JJJ.IJ.JJJJ^^JBwffl \^5 EDUCATIONAL. 'HERE is no subject connected with our progress and civiliza- tion in which our people have taken a deeper interest than in that of education. While our public schools, which constitute the basis of our progress and intelligence, have especially engaged the attention of our most enter- prising citizens and legislators, they have also liberally en- couraged the higher institu- tions of learning, as is shown by our numerous seminaries, colleges and universities. Iowa has education for her corner-stone, upon which she has reared an enduring superstructure. Education is the secret of the great prosperity of our State and the safeguard of our institutions. There is no excuse whatever for a person being un- educated in Iowa, for her counties are dotted over with numerous and excellent school- houses, while the school buildings in the cities are models of elegance and convenience, and these public schools are free to all, rich and poor, irrespective of race, color or re- ligion. There has been manifested a constant and very general determination to bring the schools of the State to the highest degree of excellence, consonant with sound policy and the development of its material resources. The findings of the last census in educa- tional matters, although hardly a revolution to our people, are yet not a 'little gratifying, as they enable the people elsewhere to realize something of the work being done in Iowa in educational matters. In respect to the number of school-houses Iowa is seen to be fifth, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Illinois only having more. The same States have each more teachers than Iowa. Six States only surpass Iowa in respect of sit- tings in schools, of value of school property, of outlay for school purposes, and of number of pupils attending school. In respect of the 1 i extent of illiteracy, no less than twenty-five States have more persons over ten years of age unable to read and write. The first schools taught in Greene County were private or subscription schools. Their accommodations, as may be readily supposed, were not good. Sometimes they were taught in small log houses erected for the purpose. Stoves and such heating apparatus as are in use now were unknown. A mud and stick chimney in one end of the building, with earthen hearth, with fire-place wide enough and deep enough to take in a four-foot back- log, and smaller wood to match, served for warming purposes in winter and a kind of conservatory in summer. For windows, part of a log was cut out in either side, and maybe a few panes of 8 x 10 glass set in; or, just as likely as not, the aperture would be covered over with greased paper. Writ- ing benches were made of wide planks, or, maybe, puncheons resting on pins or arms driven into two-inch auger holes bored into the logs beneath the windows. Seats were made out of thick planks or puncheons; flooring was made of the same kind of stuff. Everything was rude and plain, but many of America's greatest men have gone out from just such school-houses to grapple with the world and make a name for themselves, and names that came to be an honor to their country. In other cases private rooms and parts of private houses were utilized as school-houses, but the furniture was just as plain. But all these things are changed now. A log school-house in Iowa is a rarity. Their places are filled with handsome frame or brick structures. The rude furniture has also given way, and the old school-books, the « Popular Reader," the « English Read- er" (the finest literary compilation ever known in American schools), and " Web- ster's Elementary Spelling Book," are super- ceded by others of greater pretensions. The old spelling classes and spelling matches have followed the old school-houses until they are remembered only in name. The school-houses and their furnishings are in full keeping with the spirit of the law that provides for their maintenance and support. The teachers rank high among the other thousands of teachers in the State; and the- several county superintendents, since the office of superintendent was made a part of the school system, have been chosen with es- pecial reference to their fitness for their position. It is impossible to find any reports of educational matters in this county prior to 1858, when the Seventh General Assembly passed " An act for the public instruction for the State of Iowa," and organized the present school system. By this act, which went into force March 20, 1858, each civil township was made a school district, and the number of districts and district officers were thus greatly reduced. By the same act the office of county superintendent of schools was created, and appropriations made in aid of teachers' institutes. From that time to this the record has been one of almost continuous improvement. The present condition of school matters is best shown by the following statistics, selected from the last printed report of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction: Number of district townships, 14; inde- pendent districts, 16; sub-districts, 145; un- graded schools, 141; rooms in graded schools, 21; average duration, in months, 7.5; male teachers employed, 76; average monthly com- pensation, $37.22; female teachers employed, 242; average monthly compensation, $29. The number of males in the county between five and twenty-one years of age was 2,936; 498 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. females, 2,886; total enrollment in public schools, 5,179; average attendance, 3,081; average cost of tuition per month, per pupil, $2.10. Two of the 138 school-houses in the county are brick, the others frame. Their total value is $92,870; value of apparatus, $3,091 ; number of volumes in libraries, 882. During the year there was paid for school- houses and sites, $7,339.73; on bonds and in interest, $2,143.35; for other purposes, from school -house fund, $4,089.42; for rent and repair of school-houses, $3,375.44; for fuel, $3,564.30; for secretaries and treasurers, $1,226.26 ; for records, dictionaries and appa- ratus, $439.26; for insurance and janitors, $1,023.50; for supplies, broom, chalk, etc., $1,653.30; for other purposes, out of contin- gentfund, $4,785.05; for teachers, $40,360.93. A normal school, or institute, is held every summer during the long vacation at Jeffer- son. Professional conductors are employed for these, and much good has been accom- plished by the better training of teachers. The permanent school fund in charge of Greene County amounts now to $41,024.58§, all of which is loaned to farmers at 8 per cent. The fund has suffered no losses from bad loans. The county owns now but eighty acres of land (in Willow Township), and this will soon be sold and proceeds added to the permanent school fund. AGRICULTURAL. The surface of Greene County is gently undulating, consisting largely of prairie in- terspersed with groves, and with belts of timber along the streams. The soil is a loose, black loam of great fertility, generally from two to four feet in depth, lying above a yellow clay. The northern portion is high and rolling, forming a broad and beautiful terrace, from which, by the generally level surface common to prairies, the eye ca"n range north and south a distance each way from twenty to twenty-five miles, and affording locations where beauty of landscape and grandeur of scene will enrapt the artistic eye. This terrace at a former geological age formed an ancient sea-beach, coinciding with the eskers and asers of Europe, but subse- quently was overlaid with the fluvio-marine deposit- now constituting the black prairie surface soil so rich in fertility. "While beyond the Missouri the solid rock is reached at twelve to sixteen feet, here, in the borings for coal, the " drift " is found to be nearly eighty feet in depth. The agricultural products are numerous, comprising all cereals, fruits and vegetables common to the north temperate latitude. The great staples are corn, wheat, oats, barley, flax and rye, with potatoes, and the dther usual vegetables of the garden. The fruits do well. There are large and productive orchards of the apple, pear, cherry and plum. Though the great fertility of the prairie soil makes it unfavorable for those kind of trees that grow very rapidly, their too great and succulent growth making them liable to winter-kill, yet, by growing those kinds whose growth, though slower, is rapid and form a firm wood called from this feature " iron clads," farmers are able to have large orchards of very valuable and luscious fruits. Of small fruits the strawberry, gooseberry, blackberry, raspberry, grape, etc., are grown in profusion. Cattle are grown at a great profit, and the industry is rapidly attracting more attention. The dairy industry, too, has during the last few years assumed great importance. The following are the most important agricultural statistics given in the State cen- sus for 1885, pertaining to Greene County: Average size of farm, 139 acres; number of acres of improved land, 189,214; acres in cultivation, 132,192; acres of unimproved land, 109,757; acres in pasture, 38,514; rods of hedge fence, 36,470; rods of barbed wire fence, 884,887; rods of other fence, 102,735; farms managed by owner, 1,456; by man- ager, 25; by tenant for money rent, 147; by tenant for crop rent, 331. Acres of Indian corn, 88,945; bushels harvested, 3,145,497; acres of wheat, 7,644; bushels harvested, 112,821; acres of oats, 30,030; bushels harvested, 944,274; tons of straw, 16,582; acres of rye, 1,796; bushels harvested, 21,011; tons of straw, 1,260; acres of barley, 200; bushels harvested, 4,126; acres of buckwheat, 305; bushels harvested, 2,926; acres of broom corn, 23; tons of product, 7; acres in sorghum, 303; gal- lons of sorghum syrup, 23,321; acres of pota- toes, 1,170; bushels raised, 83,027; acres of onions, 7; bushels raised, 2,893; bushels of beets, 2,093; bushels of turnips, 8,843; bushels of peas and beans, 1,497; acres of tobacco, 108; pounds of product, 563. Acres of planted timber, 996; acres in natural timber, 9,075; cords of wood cut in year, 3,284; number of bearing apple trees, 31,815; bushels of fruit, 19,401; bearing plum trees, 2,082; bushels of fruit, 776; bearing cherry trees, 3,128; bushels of fruit, 520; other trees in bearing, 790; trees not in bearing, 63,245; acres in vineyard, 60; pounds of grapes gathered, 5,703; vines not in vineyard, 15,820; pounds of grapes, 50,- 180; stands of bees, 615; pounds of honey, 7,165. Acres of clover, 338; tons of hay, 177; bushels of seed, 32; acres of Hungarian seed, 42 ; tons of hay, 98 ; bushels of seed, 14; acres of millet, 2,051; tons of hay, 3,143; bushels of seed, 41; acres of timothy,' 14,268; tons of hay, 11,061; bushels of seed, 3,070; tons of "hay from wild grass, 53,173; acres of flax, 659; bushels of seed, 4,193. Gallons of milk sold or sent to factory, 41,946; gallons of cream sold or sent to fac- tory, 134,328; pounds of butter made, not at factory, 538,433; pounds of cheese made, not at factory, 2,464. Thoroughbred cattle, 168; grades, 1,917: work oxen, 2; milch cows, 10,870; all other cattle, 20,263; cattle slaughtered or sold for slaughter, 4,355; total horses, 7,961; sold for export, 183; mules and asses, 227; sold for export, 11; Poland-China hogs, 16,940; Berkshires, 5,814; Chester Whites, 1,029; Duroc- Jerseys, 147; Essexes, 53; other im- proved breeds, 1,079; total hogs, 49,406; slaughtered or sold for slaughter, 27,713; Merino sheep, 121; Cotswolds, 581; Leices- ters, 36; South-Downs, 111; total, 2,286; slaughtered or sold for slaughter, 279; num- ber of fleeces, 2,141; pounds of wool, 12,- 026; common chickens, 105,395; improved breeds, 10,291; other domestic fowl, J.7,750; dozens of eggs, 332,316. GREENE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETT. The Greene County Agricultural Society was organized and incorporated in 1869. The incorporation began May 22 of that year, and is to continue 100 years. It is a stock company, capitalized at $100,000, though of course but a small portion of this was ever paid up — no more, in fact, than necessary to purchase and fit up grounds. The latter in- clude forty acres, on the northwest corner of section 7, township 83 north, range 30 west, and are located about one mile northwest of the public square at Jefferson. Any person owning one or more shares is a member of the incorporation, and entitled to one vote for each share. The oflicers of the association include six- teen directors, elected annually on the first ■=»■■■■■■■»■■■»■■■■■ i i •500 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. Saturday in January, in each year, and a president, vice-president, secretary and treas- urer chosen from the board of directors. Fairs are held every year, either in Sep- tember or October. The grounds are valued at $3,000, and have on them very good build- ings and an excellent half-mile track. The directors for 1870 were: B. F. Robin- son (president), W. S. McBride (secretary), J. N. Harrington (assistant secretary), Albert Head (treasurer), Thomas Roberts, William Anderson, J. N. Coulter, G. V. Roberts, Jo- seph Coombs, Q. L. Kephart, A. C. King, A. King, James Harker, Samuel Rhoads, R. E. Witt and Daniel Yader. The fair was held in October that year. For 1871 the principal officers were: Pres- ident, Alpheus King; Vice-President, R. E. Witt; Treasurer, Mahlon Head; Secretary, G. B. Dean. The fair was held September 26, 27 and 28, and the total receipts were $728. Offiaers for 1872: President, A. King; Vice-President, Dr. G. H. Grimmell; Treas- urer, Mahlon Head; Secretary, G. B. Dean. The fair was held September 4, 5 and 6, and the total receipts were $486. A " horse fair and stock sale " was held on the grounds June 20 and 21, under control of the officers of the society. „ Officers for 1873: President, A. King; Vice-President, G. H. Grimmell; Treasurer, Mahlon Head; Secretary, G. B. Dean. The fair was held October 2, 3 and 4, and the to- tal receipts were $475. The premiums awarded amounted to $545. Officers for 1874: President, A. King; Vice-President, R. E. Witt; Treasurer, Mah- lon Head; Secretary, G. B. Dean; Marshal, M. E. Marquis. The fair was held Septem- ber 30 and October 1 and 2; the total re- ceipts were $524, and the premiums awarded, Officers for 1875 : President, Albert Head Vice-President, Richard E.Witt; Treasurer, Mahlon Head; Secretary, G. B. Dean; Mar shal, Miles E. Marquis; Assistant Marshal John H. Dawson. The fair was held October 13, 14, 15 and 16; receipts were $432.98 cash premiums, $265.10. Officers for 1876: President, Richard E. Witt; Vice-President, Alpheus King; Sec- retary, G. B. Dean; Treasurer, Mahlon Head; Marshal, M. E. Marquis; Assistant Marshal, John H. Dawson. The fair was held Octo- ber 12, 13 and 14. Receipts, $489.05; pre- miums awarded, $355.15. Officers for 1877: President, Richard E. Witt; Vice-President, Alpheus King; Secre- tary, G. B. Dean; Treasurer, Mahlon Head; Marshal, J. H. Dawson; Assistant Marshal, M. E. Marquis. The fair was held Septem- ber 13, 14 and 15. Receipts, $390.70; pre- miums, $326. Officers for 1878: President, John Gray; Vice-President, G. A. Cady; Secretary, Al- pheus King; Treasurer, G. B. Dean; Mar- shal, Harvey Partridge. The receipts of the fair were $448.25. The premiums were scaled 50 per cent. Officers for 1879: President, Richard E. Witt; Vice-Pres"ident, G. A. Cady; Secre- tary, A. King; Treasurer, G. B. Dean; Mar- shal, Harvey Partridge. The receipts of the fair were $718.50; premiums awarded, $407.50. Officers for 1880: President, A. Head; Vice-President, G. A. Cady; Secretary, Al- pheus King; Treasurer, G. B. Dean; Mar- shal, Harvey Partridge. The fair was held September 15, 16 and 17, and was favored with a large attendance. The premiums amounted to $338.25, and the receipts to 594.77. The premiums and all other obliga- tions were paid in full. Officers for 1881: Same as previous year. tE^BSSSSSES^MMmSSSS^aSmSSMSBSSSSS HSEffiSgggg i»«»ll».'.' MISCELLANEOUS. 501 The fair was held September 14, 15 and 16, aDd was financially unfortunate. Officers for 1882: President, G. H. Grim- mell; Vice-President, O. W. Park; Secre- tary, G. B. Dean; Treasurer, John Gray; Marshal, William Wilson. The fair was held August 29, 30 and 31. Officers for 1883: President, G. H. Grim- mell; Vice-President, William Wilson; Treasurer, John Gray; Secretary, G. B. Dean; Marshal, Samuel Beard. The fair was held September 20, 21 and 22. Officers for 1884: President, J. H. Griin- mell; Vice-President, William Wilson; Sec- retary, Samuel Jay; Treasurer, John Gray; Marshal, Samuel Beard. Officers for 1885: President, G. II. Grim- mell; Vice-President, William Wilson; Sec- retary, J. M. Khoads; Treasurer, A. M. Head. Officers for 1886: President, G. II. Grim- mell; Vice-President, Samuel Jay; Secretary, A. M. Head; Treasurer, Z. A. Church. The fair was held September 17, 18 and 19. The society receives annually $200 from the State. This amount is of great assistance in making the fairs financially successful. EAILEOADS. The Cedar Rapids cfc Missouri River Railroad Company, organized to build a railroad across the State of Iowa, laid its track as far as Boone in the autumn of 1868, and the next season the line was completed to the Missouri River. Jefferson and vicin- ity contributed several thousand dollars, and eighty acres of land, to secure railroad con- nection with the rest of the world. John I. Blair, of New Jersey, was the president of the company. The whole line, 354 miles in length, was leased as soon as completed to the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad Com- pany, for ninety-nine years, at a certain per cent, of the earnings. The road has 24.52 miles in Greene Coun- ty, assessed at $10,000 per mile, or $247,- 551.05. The townships crossed, and the mileage in each, are: Junction, 5.93; Grant, 3.49; Jefferson, 2.62; Jackson, 6.29; Scran- ton, 5.39; Kendrick, .80. The stations are Grand Junction, Jefferson and Scranton. The first is seven miles east of Jefferson, and the last is eight miles west. Jefferson is 369 miles from Chicago, 231 miles from Clinton, 150 miles from Cedar Bapids, 98 miles from Missouri Valley, and 119 miles from Council Bluffs. The Keokuk, Des Moines dt Fort Dodge Railroad was built in 1869 as far north as Fort Dodge, and received no tax or bonus in this county. That portion of the road below Des Moines was afterward sold to the Bock Island Company, and the remainder became the Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad. This has since been extended north to the Minnesota State line. The townships crossed in this county, and mileage in each, are: Washington, 6.646; Junction, 9.740; Paton, 6.608; total, 22.99 miles, assessed at $4,000 per mile, or $91,960. The stations are Rip- pey, Grand Junction, Dana and Paton. The Des Moines & Northviestem Railroad was built in 1880, under the auspices of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Com- pany, which has since operated it. It is a narrow-gauge road, and extends from Des Moines to Fonda, 114.9 miles. In aid of this road Jefferson Township voted a 5 per cent, tax, Grant 2 per cent., Franklin 5 per cent, and Hardin 5 per cent. The total mileage in this county is 27.6, assessed at $1,200 per mile, or $33,120. The town- ships crossed, and mileage in each, are: Franklin, 6.1; Grant, 4.3; Jefferson, 2.7; Hardin, 1.2; Bristol, 7; Highland, 6.3. The stations are Cooper, Jefferson and Chur- dan. 502 HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. a The total railroad mileage in the county is 75.11; assessment, $372,511.05. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The first court-house was used until 1870, when the present building was erected. It is a two-story brick, and cost $37,000, and is a very creditable court-house — one of the best in Northwestern Iowa. Above are the court room and the offices of the county superintendent and surveyor and below the offices of the clerk, sheriff, auditor, treasurer and recorder. The " calaboose " now used by the town of Jefferson, in the western part of town, is the first county jail. This wooden structure, which much resembles a freight-car in ap- pearance, and a bridge across the Coon River, are all that the county received twenty-five years ago from the American Emigrant Com- pany in exchange for all its thousands of acres of " swamp " land, large areas of which never was swamp, but the most fertile prai- rie. The present jail, built of brick, and containing cells of iron, was built in 1878. The contract was let to C. L. "Wood & Co., for $3,600. The jail is two blocks south of the public square. The county infirmary is on the poor-farm, which comprises 240 acres — the southeast quarter of section 21, and the north half of the northeast quarter of section 28, Bristol Township. The infirmary and farm are under charge of John M. Forbes, and the usual number of inmates is not far from twenty. STATISTICS OF POPULATION. The population of Greene County was 1,089 in 1856, 1,421 in 1859, 1,374 in 1860, 1,416 in 1863, 2,036 in 1865, 2,353 in 1867, 3,494 in 1869, 4,627 in 1870, 5,755 in 1873, 7,037 in 1875, 12,727 in 1880, 15,923 in 1885. $ * JEFFERSON, the county seat of Greene County, is beau- tifully located on high table land, between the North Raccoon River and Hardin Creek, being about half a mile east of the former and two miles west of the latter, and near the geographical center of the county. The town site has an elevation of some seventy-five feet above the level of the river. It was laid out in 1854, at a time when the financial condition of the county was such that it was necessary to effect a loan of $200 for the purpose of purchasing the site. That amount was borrowed of Hoyt Sherman, of Des Moines. At the first sale of lots those around the square brought from $10 up, while those not so advantageously located were sold at from $3 to $5 a lot. The largest amount, $60, was paid for the lot at the southeast corner of the square, just east of the Head House. It is said that, after the survey of the lots, Judge Phillips and B. F. Robinson wrestled to see who should have the first choice, and that Phillips threw Robinson, and had the honor of purchasing the first lot in Jefferson. The first building erected on the town plat was a hewed log house, built by George S. Walton in the autumn of 1854, for a dwelling. The follow- ing year he put in a small stock of mer- chandise. The building is still standing near the Head House, where it was first erected. The town was named in honor of Thomas Jefferson, by the commissioners who selected the site; but in consequence of there being an old town of that name in Dubuque County, the Postoffice Department refused to grant another office of the same name in the State, and suggested that the name be changed. Captain Rippey then gave it the name of New Jefferson, and the Department granted a postoffice under that name. The prefix "New" has since been dropped, and it is now known as Jefferson, as was at first in- tended. The first house within the present incor- poration was not that of Walton, but was built by B. F. Robinson in 1854. It was 504 nisTOBY OP G&EBUE COUNTY. outside the original town plat, but still de- serves a place in the early history of Jeffer- son. Mr. Robinson, who is yet living at Jefferson, sold goods there the following year. In the summer of 1855 Robert M. Rippey built the second house on the town site. It was used as a residence and office, and was the first frame structure in Jefferson. The third house was erected by Dr. Lewis, who was the first physician of the place. He died the following winter, and this was the first death in Jefferson. The first birth was in the family of Columbus Peek, who soon after moved away, and the second was Charles Culley, the same winter. In the spring of 1856 a saw-mill' was built by Rippey, McBride & Culley, and this was of material assistance to those desirous of building. Among those who put up houses in 1856 were Dr. William S. McBride, James Orange, Sam. Cowan, and one Rivers. The first court-house was also built this year, and was the first building fronting on the square. All the other buildings were southeast of the square. Soon after the first settlement of the county the major portion of the land was acquired by speculators, and this fact retarded the further settlement of the county, and also the growth of Jefferson. From 1862 to 1865 not one building was put up. The popula- tion at this time was about 200. The first mail route through this region was estab- lished in 1857, from Adel to New Jefferson, once a week. After the war, when nearly a million Northern soldiers were returned to civil life, there began a steady immigration of home- seekers. In 1866 the Cedar Rapids & Mis- souri River Railroad (now Northwestern), which had been surveyed as early as 1856 by the Chicago, Iowa & Nebraska Railroad Com- pany, was built through the county, and this gave Jefferson a substantial start. During the next four years the growth of the place was rapid, and the census of 1870 showed Jefferson to have 779 inhabitants. By this time store buildings sought the hitherto neglected square. In 1865 the only build- ings on the square were the court-house and O. J. White's shoe shop. From this time Jefferson carried the air of a respectable and prosperous county seat. The population increased by 1873 to 906.; by 1875 to 895; by 1880 to 1,444, and by 1885 to 1,730. The Wabash Railroad arrived here in 1880, and gave the town a north and south railroad. The original town plat of Jefferson in- cluded eighty acres, but there have been added since Manning's, Blair's, Gallagher's (two), J. F. Head's and Albert Head's addi- tions, so that the area subdivided into lots is now nearly three times what it was thirty years ago. The incorporation of Jefferson is a square two and one-half miles on a side, or six and one-fourth square miles, in the north- western part of township 83 north, range 30 west. The east and west streets of Jefferson are: Fair, Stanford, Central, Head, Lincoln, Perry, Wall, Adams, Clark, Reed, Adams (two streets by this name), Washington, State, Main, Harrison, Monroe, Madison and South. The north and south streets are: Willow, Pinet, Maple, Oak, Elm, Vine, Cherry, Chest- nut, Locust, Olive, Pine and Mulberry. The square is bounded on the north by State street, on the east by Chestnut, on the south by Main, and on the west by Cherry. INCORPORATION. Jefferson was incorporated as a town in January, 1872, the first meeting of the council having been held on the 29th of that month. Mahlon Head was mayor, and the council was composed of William P. Hender- son, George McCulley, James Stanford and J H. B. Wynkoop. H. C. Rippey was chosen recorder, the recorder-elect having failed to qualify; Samuel Beard was chosen marshal, D. Northway, treasurer, and Wright Gray, street commissioner. These officers held only till the regular election in March following. The officers chosen for that and subsequent .years have been: 1872. — Mayor, Mahlon Head; Recorder, H. C. Rippey; Trustees, William P. Hender- son, James Stanford, H. B. Wynkoop, George McCulley and G. B. Dean ; Assessor, George G.Lawrence; Marshal, F. N. Cooper ; Treas- urer, I. F. Anderson; Street Commissioner, Wright Gray. 1873. — Mayor, S. S. Wilkinson ; Recorder, J. M. Rhoads ; Trustees, George G. Eagleson, John M. Culley, John In body, James L. Perry and Abijah Anderson; Assessor, I. L. Hammer; Treasurer, George G. Lawrence; Street Commissioner, Wright Gray; Marshal, A. Child. 1874. — Mayor, O. W. Negus; Recorder, J. L. Perry; Trustees, J. F. Anderson, W. B. Mayes, E. M. Troxell, D. Northway and W. A. Holtsclaw; Assessor, T. B. Reece; Street Commissioner, T. L. Chambers; Treas- urer, George G. Lawrence; Marshal, John Inbody. 1875.— Mayor, W. D. Chandler; Recorder, James L. Perry; Trustees, John D. Hall, George G. Lawrence, G. S. Toliver, David Milligan and John A. Hassett; Assessor, B. F. Robinson; Treasurer, George G. Law- rence; Street Commissioner, John McNeil; Marshal, Lewis Ehrhardt. 1876.— Mayor, W. D. Chandler; Recorder, James L. Perry; Trustees, G. S. Toliver, Andrew Watts, L. B. Remick, David Milli- gan and D. B. McCulley; Assessor, J. Dick; Treasurer, A. Watts; Marshal, Clinton De Witt; Street Commissioner, John McNeil. 1877.— Mayor, Albert Head; Recorder, James L. Perry; Trustees, L. B. Remick, D. Milligan, D. B. McCulley, Samuel Jay and W. D. Chandler; Assessor, G. B. Dean; Street Commissioner, Clinton De Witt; Treas- urer, A. Watts; Attorney, James A. Hender- son. 1878.— Mayor, M. B. McDuffie; Recorder, C. H. Crawford; Trustees, D. M. Bossart, John Skirving, J. M. Rhoads, John Inbody and W. D. Chandler; Assessor, E. L. Shir- cliff; Treasurer, George G. Lawrence; Street Commissioner, A. King; Marshal, A. Lindell. 1879. — Mayor, M. B. McDuffie; Recorder, William S. Livingston; Trustees, S. H. Mathews, James L. Perry, Ed. M. Troxell, J. F. Anderson, Henry Fluke and B. F. Rob- inson; Assessor, J. W. Fitz; Treasurer, George G. Lawrence; Street Commissioner, A. King; Marshal, S. B. Cooper. 1880.— Mayor, J. H. Gallaher; Trustees, M. B. McDuffie, Charles Bofink, Henry Fluke, E. M. Troxell, J. A. Hassett and E. L. Shircliff; Recorder, C. H. Crawford; As- sessor, George G. Lawrence; Treasurer, George G. Lawrence; Marshal, A. Lindell. 1881. — Mayor, J. M. Rhoads; Recorder, C. H. Crawford; Trustees, H. B. Wynkoop, E. M. Troxell, J. A. Hassett, E. L. Shircliff, Charles Bofink and M. B. McDuffie; Assess- or, Samuel Beard; Treasurer, George G. Lawrence; Street Commissioner, A. King; Marshal, Samuel Wise. 1882. — Mayor, J. M. Rhoads; Recorder, C. H. Crawford; Trustees, A. S. Gilliland, D. M. Bossert, A. Moorhouse, H. B. Wyn- koop, E. M. Troxell and M. B. McDuffie; Assessor, John Dick; Treasurer, George G. Lawrence; Street Commissioner and Mar- shal, Samuel Wise. 1883. — Mayor, I. D. Howard; Recorder, O. R. Gray; Trustees, M. B. McDuffie, A. Moorhouse, D. M. Bossert, E. M. Troxell, H. B. Wynkoop and A. S. Gilliland; Assessor, '■■-"-■-■■■■■-■■■■■■■■^■■■■l. ill 506 msrbnY OP OUME'NS! OOV'NTT. Samuel Beard; Treasurer, George G. Law- rence; Street Commissioner and Marshal, Samuel Wise. 1884. — Mayor, Z. A. Church; Recorder, W. E. Whitney; Trustees, J. W. Fitz, H. B. Wynkoop, A. S. Gilliland, A. Moorhonse, D. M. Bossert and E. M. Troxell; Asessor, Sam- uel Beard; Street Commissioner and Mar- shal, Samuel Wise; Treasurer, George G. Lawrence. 1885. — Mayor, Mahlon Head; Recorder, E. C. Freeman ; Trustees, P. M.. Vest, F. L. Witt, J. W. Fitz, H. B. Wynkoop, A. Moor- house and M. B. McDuffie; Treasurer, George G. Lawrence; Street Commissioner and Mar- shal, Abijah Anderson. 1886. — Mayor, John McCarthy; Recorder, E. C. Freeman; Trustees, J. H. Gallaher, J. M. Rhoads, J. W. Fitz, P. M. Vest, F. L. Witt and H. B. Wynkoop; Assessor, Samuel Beard; Treasurer, George G. Lawrence; Street Commissioner and Marshal, Samuel Wise. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. In November, 1886, the business firms of Jefferson were as follows: J. L. Adams, creamery; Barrett & Tew, painters; Charles Blake, restaurant and com- mercial house; George Blakney, saloon; Charles Bofink, hardware; D. M. Bossert, postoffice; A. D. Bullock, general merchan- dise ; John Byerley, tailor ; E. H. Carter, dry goods and groceries; City Bank; Church & Ellis, groceries; Culley Brothers, restaur- ant; C. E. Dean, Head House; J.Will Dick, clothing; O. L. Dick, books and news; C. M. Dodge, second-hand store; H. A. Dwin- nell, clothing; Ferguson & Head, publishers, Souvenir; B. W. Foy, drugs; F. M. Frank- lin, furniture; Leopold Freund, restaurant; J. A. Gallaher, opera house; Gallup & Mar- quis, groceries; John Gray, harness; Greene County Bank; P. E. Greene, restau- rant; J. D. Hall, dry goods and groceries; John Hancock, billiards; Harrington, Moor- house & Milligan, Jefferson rolling mills; J. A. Hassett, hardware; A. M. Head, abstracts and loans; Head Brothers, opera house; V. Hiddleson, meat market; S. B. Hotchkiss, Revere House; Inbody & Covell, blacksmiths , and foundry; G. B. Kendall, restaurant; Kinney & Freeman, drugs; Legore & Co., clothing, boots and shoes; Lindell & Sutton, wagon shop; Mahanay & Morris, blacksmiths; George Mann, barber; McCarthy & Young, boots and shoes; G. B. McCulley & Co., gen-, eral store; Mrs. McKinnell, millinery; Frank Mott, millinery; J. H. Nihoff, shoes; T. P. Nugan, restaurant; J. B. O'Donahue, pho- tographer; S. J. Piersoll, coopering and feed store; J. M. Rhoads, sewing machines and organs; F. M. & A. G. Riley, drugs and jewelry, Roland Roberts, livery; David P. Root, meat market; J. E. Smith, groceries; J. W. Smith, feed store; R. J. W. Speers, dry goods and groceries; C. M. and M. D. Starring, shirt factory; E. B. Stillman, pro- prietor of the Bee; P. F. Valiant, barber; O. J. White, shoemaker; W. E. Whitney, jeweler; John Wilkinson, hardware; Henry Willard, livery; E. S. Wood, general mer- chandise; Wright & Witt, furniture; W. H. B. Wynkoop, dry goods and groceries. PROFESSIONAL. Two newspapers are published at Jefferson — the Bee and the Souvenir. The practicing lawyers are: Russell & Toliver, Howard & Rose, Z. A. Church, J. A. Gallaher, Harvey Potter and C. H. Jackson. The physicians are: Drs. Charles Enfield, J. H. Grimmell, W. S. Schermerhorn, D. J. Bowman and H. W. Dickinson. There are two dentists — S. E. Warner and L. D. Allen. msMMSSSSMSSmSSmtMSmmmmMmMS^M^mS JEFFERSON. Ml P'lEE DEPARTMENT. The town of Jeft'erson bought a hook-and- ladder truck in 1882, and in February, 1884, the Jefferson Fire Department was formally organized, with Mahlon Head as chief, which position he has held since. Soon after, a hand- engine and hose-cart were bought, the whole outfit costing about $4,000. The headquar- ters of the company are in the lower part of the building known as the City Hall. The town council meets above. The building was put up in 1884 and rented to the town by A. Head. In 1885 a fine bell, weighing 1,600 pounds, was bought at a cost of $425. The Hook and Ladder Company has twenty-nine members, with W. D. Chandler as foreman. The Hose Company has twenty-two mem- bers, and Z. A. Church is foreman. The Engine Company has twenty-two members, and M. J. Covell is foreman. A cistern has been placed at each of the three corners of the square, and the water that falls on the roof of the court-house flows into these, keep- ing a good supply on hand. The council lias appropriated so much of $5,000 as may be necessary to bore an artesian well on or near the court-house square. BANKS. The two banking institutions now in Jef- ferson are the only ones that, have ever done business here, and are both very substantial concerns. Head Brothers commenced business in 1866, on the site of the present Gallaher Opera House. In 1871 they built their pres- ent banking bnilding at the northeast corner of the square. M. L. Steele is cashier. The City Bank was started in 1876, by F. M. Mc- Gee & Co. They were succeeded by M. B. McDuffie, J. J. Russell and Charles Bofink. July 1, 1886, E. E. Hughes became a part- ner. At present Charles Bofink is president, M. B. McDuffie, vice-president, and E. E. Hughes, cashier. The capital of the bank is $100,000. SCHOOLS. Previous to 1872 the building now used as a house of worship by the Presbyterians was the grammar school, and the primary school was conducted in the upper story of what is now the beer saloon. In the year mentioned the present brick school-house was erected, on the third block north of the northwest corner of the square. It occupies the whole square, thus providing ample play-grounds. There are 147 shade trees on the latter. The cost was not far from $17,000. The build- ing is two stories in height, contains six rooms, and is heated by Rattan furnaces. A kindergarten school is also conducted in a small frame building west of Gallaher's Opera House. A course of study was adopted in 1885, on completion of which pu- pils are admitted to the State University without examination. The class of 1886, two in number, was the first graduate under this arrangement, and one of those two is now in the University. Diplomas, however, have been given here for the past five years. The school has had five principals — Professor Grumbling (now of Iowa Wesleyan Univer- sity, at Mount Pleasant), Professor Eldon, Dr. A. G. Riley, H. E. Hammond and S. A. Kendall. The last named, the present in- cumbent, began his duties as principal in 1885. There are eight other teachers for the year 1886-'87, as follows: Mary Stockwell, assistant principal; Clara Gyer, principal of grammar department; Ida Squires, assistant in same; Delia King, intermediate; Nettie Johnson, third primary; Belle Smith, second primary; Cora Taylor, first primary; Anna Potts, kindergarten. The average salary of all the teachers is $49 per month ; exclusive of the principal, whose salary is $1,000 per HISTORY OF QHMEftfi COUNTY. \W m 1 1 1 u year, the average is $41 per month. The total enrollment during the year 1885-'86 was 553; average attendance, 342. Teachers were paid $4,284, and the total expenditures were over $5,000. A surplus having accu- mulated, the levy for 1886 is but $2,000. There is yet owing on account of the school- house $3,000. The school library has 600 well chosen volumes, for use of pupils aud teachers, and the apparatus is valued at $500. CHURCHES. Methodist Episcopal Church. — As is usual in the West, this denomination is the pioneer at Jefferson. The first preacher mentioned as visiting this place was Rev. Daniel Lamont in 1862. Those returned each year since have been: He v. John Hestwood, 1863; Rev. Joseph Neigh, 1864-'65; Rev. J. W Snod- grass, 1866-'67; Rev. M. D. Collins, 1868- '69; Rev. S. E. Willing, 1870-'71; Rev. Samuel Jones, 1872-'73; Rev. J. C. Eckles, 1874-'75; Rev. L. H. Woqdward, 1876-'77; Rev. J. A. Wilson, 1878-'79; Rev. J. W. Eckles, 1880; Rev. E. W. Sage, 1881-'82; Rev. W. W. McGuire, 1883; Rev. W. F. Harned, 1884-'86. The church, which stands one block east of the northeast corner of the square, was built during the ministry of Rev. M. D. Collins, at a cost of $4,000. It will comfortably seat 450. The tall steeple con- tains a line bell, the first brought into Jeffer- son. The membership of the church is 210. Following are* the official members: Local Preachers, Joseph Manning, M. H. McDuffie and W. D. Henderson; Trustees, Mahlon Head, C. H. Carter, John W. Wilkinson, S. J. Counselman, Yet. Anderson, Ed. Gal- lup and James Henderson; Stewards, Ira McLaughlin, Mrs. A. H. Oliver, Harvey Potter, Mrs. Harvey Potter, J. D. Hall, L. D. Remick, J. W. Huntington, W. S. Liv- '■ - ■ ■■^■ ■ ■■■.■■■■ ■■■■■■■■■-■■■■■Jiii ingston and F. M. Franklin. James Hen- derson is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has about 200 pupils, divided into fif- teen classes. The First Baptist Church of Jefferson was organized June 19, 1859. Rev. W. J. Sparks was moderator, and Dan. Mills clerk of the council. Delegates were present from the following Baptist churches: Des Moines, Adel, North Union and Buffalo Grove. The organization was effected with nine members : Thomas Roberts, Elizabeth McCoy, Mary Oungst, Dan. Mills, Jeannette Mills, Joel Houver, B. T. Houver, Catherine Houver and Lydia Houver. From the organization until May, 1864, the church had no regular pastor. Revs. Yarnell, Russell, Oldfield and Robinson supplied the pulpit a part of the time. Thomas Roberts and Isaac Clopton were elected and installed deacons. Of these Deacon Roberts still remains, having been a faithful and efficient officer and member dur- ing the whole term of the church's history. In May, 1864, the church extended a call to Rev. A. W. Russell to become pastor. He accepted, and continued pastor until the autumn of 1867, when he resigned. During this time valuable lots, centrally located, were purchased, and a building 30 x 40 feet erected and dedicated, free of debt. Rev. W. M. Simons was pastor from November, 1867, to December, 1869; Rev. Amos Robinson from April, 1870, to November, 1871; Rev. A. J. Delano from December, 1871, until Novem- ber, 1873; Rev. D. Heagle from July, 1874, to January, 1877; Rev. J. H. Delano from March, 1877, to January, 1883; Rev. F. N. Eldridge, then for a year and a half; Rev. J. C. Hart for two years, and in the autumn of 1886 Rev. William E. Randall began his labors here. The membership of the church is now 214. The value of the church property is $3,500. JEPFMRSON. 509 The Presbyterian Church of Jefferson was organized February, 16, 1867, with these eight members: William Potter and wife Amanda, William R. McNeil and wife Sarah Ann, Daniel Leasure and wife Rebecca, Sam- uel D. Potter and wife Eliza. Of these William R. McNeil and S. D. Potter and wife are yet living and members of the church. There have been four pastors : Revs. John S. Dunning, W. G. Hillman, A. R. Mathes and H. G-. Rice. The last named has filled the pnlpit since October, 1880. Regu- lar worship was not begun until 1870. For a year or so meetings were held in the school- house, and in the spring of 1872 the society purchased' the building and remodeled it. The membership is now about 165. The official members are: Elders, A. G. Riley, Levi Stockwell, George McBirney, E. B. Stillman, J. D. Starring, IT. W. Kellogg and Dr. W. S. Schermerhorn ; Trustees, M. B. McDntfie, A. Moorhouse and II. W. Kellogg. The Sunday-school has an attendance of about 100. H. W. Kellogg is superintendent. The church contemplates building a new house of worship at an early day. Catholic Church. — About 1875 the Catho- lics of this vicinity bought a church three blocks northwest of the square, that had been built, but never used, by the Congregational - ists, and services have been held since every two weeks. The priest in charge is Father Quirck, of Grand Junction. The member- ship is about 150, mostly in the country. The Christian Church, or Disciples, was organized in the autumn of 1886, with about thirty members. A frame church was com- pleted about April 1, 1887, at a cost of $5,- 000, and donated to the society by C. F. McCarthy. The auditorium is 30x54 feet; class-room 27 x 28, and ante-room 9 x 20. SOCIETIES. Morning Star Lodge, No. 159, A. F. & A. M., was instituted January 5, 1860, and chartered June 6, 1861. The present officers are: L. L. Smullin, Worshipful Master; J. M. Rhoads, Senior Warden; J. Will. Dick, Junior Warden; G. G. Lawrence, Treasurer; H. W. Kellogg, Secretary; M. E. Marquis, Senior Deacon; E. M. Troxell, Junior Dea- con; A. Lindell, Tyler. The lodge has ninety-six members, and meets on Saturday, on or before each full moon. It owns the upper story of the opera house building, known as Masonic Temple, and valued at $6,000. Corner Stone Chapter, No. 64, E. A. M., was constituted November 20, 1871. The first officers were: C. H. Jackson, High Priest; J. S. Dunning, King; A. Yerger, Scribe; J. N. Harrington, Treasurer; R. Ellis, Secretary. The officers for 1886 are: Z. A. Church, High Priest; G. G. Lawrence, King; John McCarthy, Scribe; M. Head, Treasurer; J. Will. Dick, Secretary. The chapter has a membership of sixty, and meets on Monday on or before each full moon, at Masonic Temple. Einmaus Commandery, No. 35, K. T., was constituted December 8, 1879, with these officers: C. H. Crawford, Eminent Commander; D. Milligan, Generalissimo; J. M. Rhoads, Captain General; J. S. Dun- ning, Prelate; A. S. Gilliland, Senior War- den; A. A. Watts, Junior Warden; Henry Fluke, Treasurer; A. M. Head, Recorder; W. W. Loomis, Standard Bearer; W. D. Chandler, Sword Bearer; A. Mooi-house, Warder; C. B. Thorp, Sentinel. The offi- cers for 1886 are: Dr. W. S. Schermerhorn, Eminent Commander; G. G. Lawrence, Gen- eralissimo; M. Head, Captain General ; L. L. Smullin, Prelate; J. W. Fitz, Senior Warden; A. Moorhouse, Junior Warden; A. S. Gilli- land, Treasurer; J. Will. Dick, Recorder; J. L. Gore, Standard Bearer; M. E. Marquis, '"* ■> ?,*' 510 SlSTOMT Of GRBEXti OOtTNTY. < a) }i r 5 ! j . Park and O. B. Miller imported lumber and placed it on sale, about the same time. Among the first buildings erected were Dr. Park's residence, a store by G. C. Hillman, a hardware store by Dr. Park (now occupied by Parmenter & Son) and a bank and several other buildings by Hager & Sons. The Headlight, started January 1, 1870, did much to encourage immigration and the growth of the town, and the year 1870 was a very prosperous one for the new place. The census of that year gave Grand Junction 2»L > a a 444 inhabitants. Since then the growth has been more gradual and stable. The popula- tion in 1875 was 479; in 1880, 752; and in 1885, 949. About 300 of the population are dependent upon the Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad Company. The road has been leased to the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Company, but possession has not yet been given. It is hoped that a branch will be built by the Rock Island from Sioux City to this place, in which event the shops will give employment to many more men, and Grand Junction's importance great- ly increased. INCORPORATION. The town was incorporated early in 1873, the first meeting of the council being held March 13 of that year. The officers for that and subsequent years have been: 1873. — Mayor, S. A. Eckerson; Trustees, E. J. Penrose, Daniel Albert, I. N. Ford, Z. T. Funk and E. O. Carleton; Recorder, W. M. Baker. 1874. — Mayor, James Park; Trustees, P. W. Miller, E. O. Carleton, W. R. Park, C. C. Metzger, J. W. Harvey and F. F. Ford ; Re- corder, P. W. Miller; Marshal, John Adams. 1875. — Mayor, J. W. Harvey; Trustees, J. A. Sheffer, A. Marquart, R. Townsend and S. Thompson; Recorder, O. W. Lowry; Treasurer, P. Parker; Assessor, G. J. Kim- ball. 1876.— Mayor, A. M. Brinkerhoff; Trus- tees, E. O. Carleton, J. A. Sheffer, Andrew Petti t, G. J. Kimball and Thomas Lynch; Recorder, Henry Basquin; Treasurer, P. Parker. 1877. — Mayor, J. W. Brown; Trustees, John McGrayel, N. N. Friend, C. C. Metz- ger, Z. T. Funk and Thomas Swift ; Recorder, O. W. Lowry; Treasurer, P. Parker; Marshal and Street Commissioner, Henry Infield, 1878. — Mayor, S. A. Eckerson ; Trustees, John McGrayel, Robert McEachran, E. N. Lapenotiere, Daniel Embree, and P. W. Mil- ler; Recorder, F. H. Parmenter; Assessor, John D. Getz; Treasurer, P. Parker; Street Commissioner, A. Hutson; Marshal, Warren Beard. 1879. — Mayor, John D. Getz; Trustees, Z. T. Funk, C. C. Metzger, Charles Smittle, S. T. Butner, A. Marquart and S. W. Eckerson ; Recorder, R. B. Hazletine; Treasurer, P. Par- ker; Assessor, William Zellhoefer; Marshal and Street Commissioner, Pat. Casey. 1880. — Mayor, John D. Getz; Trustees, C. C. Metzger, E. O. Carleton, Z. T. Funk, S. A. Eckerson, Charles Smittle and A. Mar- quart; Recorder, R. B. Hazel tine; Treasurer, P. Parker; Assessor, W. F. Zellhoefer; Mar- shal and Street Commissioner, Pat. Casey. 1881. — Mayor, John M. Culley; Trustees, J. H. Powers, Charles Bowen, S. A. Ecker- son, Charles Smittle, Z. T. Funk and C. C. Metzger; Recorder, R. B. Hazel tine; Treas- urer, P. Powers: Assessor, W. R. Park; Marshal and Street Commissioner, R. B. Lockwood. 1882.— Mayor, H. L. Childs; Trustees, C. C. Metzger, Thomas Swift, John D. Getz, J. H. Powers, Charles Bowen and E. O. Carle- ton; Recorder, R. B. Hazeltine; Treasurer, P. Powers; Marshal, E. O. Carleton. 1883.— Mayor, E. A. Avery; Trustees, F. H. Parmenter, Thomas Swift, John D. Getz, Charles Bowen, J. H. Powers and J. P. Baker; Recorder, W. S. Wood; Treasurer, W. F. Zellhoefer; Assessor, J. B. Johnson; Marshal and Street Commissioner, E. O. Carleton. 1884. — Mayor, E. A. Avery; Trustees, J. H. Powers, F. H. Parmenter, Thomas Swift, Charles Smittle, J. P. Baker and John D. Getz ; Recorder, W. S. Wood ; Treasurer, W. F. Zellhoefer; Assessor, J. B. Johnson; Mar- ^■^.^■^ - ■ ■.■.- ■ ■ ■■■■ ■■ ■■■ PBg«gb»"MI^^ shal and Street Commissioner, E. O. Carleton. 1885.— Mayor, J. E. Pettit; Trustees, J. P. Baker, J. H. Powers, Charles Smittle, F. H. Parmenter, J. H. Perry and John Cam- eron; Kecorder, F. F. Luther; Treasurer, W. F. Zellhoefer; Assessor, John D. Getz; Marshal and Street Commissioner, E. 0. Carleton. 1886.— Mayor, J. E. Pettit; Trustees, J. H. Perry, H. M. Smith, F. W. Binger, John Cameron, J. II. Powers and J. P. Baker ; Ke- corder, F. F. Luther; Assessor, J. P. Davis; Marshal, D. I. Pettit; Street Commissioner, E. O. Carleton; Treasurer, F. H. Parmenter. FIKE DEPARTMENT. The town bought a thirty-man power en- gine in 1883, which, with 650 feet of hose, cost $1,100. The volunteer company to which is entrusted the use of this apparatus has forty members. Thomas Pierce is chief; John Cameron, assistant chief. Meetings are held the first Tuesday evening in each month. Grand Junction has had few fires, the most serious being one on Main street several years ago, when three or four buildings were burned. The Headlight was established January 1, 1870, by Mills & Co., of Des Moines, and since January 1, 1872, has been the property of S. C. Maynard, the present post- master of Grand Junction. The first attorney at this place was Thomas H. Grove, of Hagerstown, Maryland. He came here in 1870, and nine years later moved to Colorado. L. K. Alder was here from 1881 to 1884, and then moved to Ains- worth, Nebraska. He is an able young man, and did well at Grand Junction. "W. W. Turner and E. C. Clark are the present attor- neys of this place. The first practicing physician here was O. W, Lowry, a graduate of the medical college at Keokuk. He is still here. C. B. Park was also here at the beginning of the town's history, but has not practiced much here. He has been an eminent physician, being a brig- ade surgeon during the war and winning merited recognition from the authorities in Washington. J. D. Kirby, the second physi- cian here, came but little later than Dr. Lowry, and is here yet. L. D. Scarborough was the third physician, and is still in prac- tice at Grand Junction. Lochrey Brothers prospected and found coal .in 1878. They leased the coal right on a quantity of land and sold the same to Hon. John F. Duncombe, of Fort Dodge, who worked the vein for a time. It is excellent coal, but the vein is not very thick, varying from twenty to thirty inches. Mr. Dun- combe suspended operations and removed his machinery to Angus. After several years a citizens' company was formed, a new shaft sunk, and in 1883 the same was leased to Dale, Goodwin & Co. Underneath the coal lies eight or nine feet of excellent pot- ter's clay, which is utilized in the manufac- ture of tile and fire-brick. The business is said to be a very profitable one. B,. P. Brown has the largest egg and butter establishment in the United States. The eggs are preserved for winter use by a pri- vate process and shipped East. Many are sent to England. Three banks have been conducted, in suc- cession, at Grand Junction. Hager & Sons, the town proprietors, started the first, where Park & Co.'s jewelry store is now. It sus- pended, liabilities being paid in full. Daniel Strite, the cashier of this bank, then began business under the name of Strite & Co. He committed suicide, and his bank was found to be a paper concern. The school dis- trict suffered quite a loss. Dr. C. B. Park then began banking, and for seven I HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY. Grand Junction has had a stable financial institution. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. The following are the business firms of Grand Junction in November, 1886: Daniel Albert, lumber; Hiram Allen, bar- ber; M. M. Baker, groceries; H. M. Benson, hotel; John Boyden, groceries; K. P. Brown, butter and eggs ; H. L. Childs, plow factory ; E. C. Clark, attorney; Comley & Tazewell, millinery; Lewis Coon, furniture and under- taking; W. M. Crow, drugs; Dale, Goodwin & Co., coal, tile and fire brick; Thomas Dobbin, meat market; J. C. Edinborough, shoe- maker; Daniel Embree, lumber and coal; J. C. Harker, general store; J. C. Harker, foundry and machine shop; J. W. Harvey, opera house; P. C. Hillman, general store; Johnson & Co., marble; J. D. Kirby, physi- cian; Sol. Kuh, broom-maker; E. M. Lapen- otiere, drugs; T. Leisure, barber; O. W. Lowry, physician; Theodore Lyons, Ashley House; S. C. Maynard, editor Headlight; R. A. McEachran, feed and grain; S. S. McFadden, hotel; C. C. Metzger, meat; Mrs. P. W. Miller, millinery; Mish & Co., general store; Park & Co., jewelers; C. B. Park, bank; W. R. Park, tinner; Parmenter & Son, hardware; J. E. Petti t, real estate, in- surance and collections; W. H. Pierce, livery and sale stable; J. H. Powers, general store; William Reineman, hotel ; "William Reineman, shoe shop; W. G. Eoby, wagon shop; J. Sanders, restaurant; L. D. Scarborough, phy- sician; E. A. Sherman, jewelry; Miss L. M. Simmons, dress-making; C. W. Smittle, grain; W. W. Turner, attorney; W. B. "Waite, marble; W. F. Zellhoefer, hardware. SCHOOL. In 1870 a brick school-house, 40 x 60, con- taining four rooms, was built at a cost of s7,000. In 1883 an addition, 24 x 36, was built at an expense of $3,500. The building is centrally located, and has six well-filled rooms. Commencement exercises were first held in 1885, five taking diplomas that year. Three more finished the course in 1886. Latin is a part of the high-school course. A new course of study is in preparation. Six teachers are employed. The corps for 1886-'87 includes Professor C. E. Moore, Principal; Gates Albert, Grammar Depart- ment; Cora Weatherington, First Intermedi- ate; Emma Bard, Second Intermediate; Carrie Fessler, First Primary; Florence Reynolds, Second Primary. The annual expenditures for school purposes amount to about $2,600. The district has a bonded debt of $1,500. The board for the current year is: W. M. Crow (President), E. A. Avery, M. Baker, W. F. Zellhoefer, Thomas McMahon and Daniel Embree. T. J. Harned is Secretary; O. W. Lowry, Treasurer. CHURCHES. Methodist Episcopal Church. — The first class at Grand Junction was organized in 1870 by Rev. J. Manning. In 1871 Rev. W. C. Martin was assigned to this charge; in 1872, Rev. Sherin; in 1873, Rev. D. U. Mallory; in 1874, Rev. W. B. Bennett. At that time there were twelve members. Dur- ing Mr. Bennett's time, in 1875, the church was built, at a cost, including lot, etc., of $3,100. It is a frame structure, two blocks south and two east from the station. The pastors since have been: 1875-'76, Rev. Charles Leach; 1876-'77, Rev. B. F. Shet- terly; 1877-'78, Rev. C. H. Newell; 1879- '80, Rev. A. B. Shipman; 1880-'81, Rev. Martin; 1881-'83, Rev. L. W.Archer; 1883- '85, Rev. E. Kendall; 1885-'86, Rev. J. D. Moore; 1886-'87, Rev. R. R. C. Grantham. The membership is now about seventy. The trustees are: Dr. D. L. Scarborough, J. ■■■!■«■>■' .■■■■mMM Sgjjias-Ma];, I j^"- TOWNS AND VILLAGES. 515 ~? G. Haun, J. P. Davis, Sam. Thompson and Lewis Coon; Stewards, D. L. Scarborough, Mrs. Scarborough, Mrs. A. Marquart and J. 0. Haun. Mr. Haun is superintendent of the Sunday-school. Attendance, seventy- five. The Baptist Church was organized in the Presbyterian house of worship June 8, 1878, with Rev. F. "W. Jasinsky as moderator, and Rev. E. G. O. Groat as clerk. The constit- uent members were: E. G. O. Groat, F. W. Jasinsky, Isaac "W. Ford, W. E. Ames, W. Mack, Delia Grant, Elizabeth Jasinsky, A. M. Ford and Alice F. Mack. The first pas- tor was Mr. Groat, who remained until April, 1880. Rev. J. F. Childs preached as supply until September 25, 1880, when he was called as the pastor, serving until November, 1882. Rev. F. Hill was then pastor until April, 1884; then Rev. D. L. Clouse until January, 1885, but preached until March. The present pastor, Rev. John C. Carter, accepted the charge in January, 1886. Ser- vices were held in private houses and in the Presbyterian church for a time, then in Gulick's Hall, and in 1880 and 1881 the society built a house of its own. Ebemzer Church of the Evangelical As- sociation was organized September 7, 1874$ by Rev. George Zellhoefer, with sixteen charter members. The pastors and time of service have been as follows: George Zell- hoefer, three years; Methfessel, one year; L. Scheurer, two years; J. J. Miller, two years; F. Frase, two years; P. Belzer, two years, and still serving. The church was built in 1880, at a cost of $1,700. Ser- vices are held every Sunday morning and every alternate Sunday evening, and prayer- meeting "Wednesday evening. The services and Sunday-school are conducted in the Ger- man language. The membership now num- bers twenty-six. The society is on a sound financial basis, their church and parsonage being entirely free of debt. SOCIETIES. Junction Lodge, No. 357, A. F. dk A. M., was instituted August 12, 1875, and char- tered June 6, 1876, The oflicers for 1886 are: J. H. Berry, "Worshipful Master; John Eaton, Senior "Warden; L. D. Brown, Junior "Warden; D. L. Scarborough, Secretary; Daniel Embree, Treasurer. The membership is forty-two. Meetings are held Tuesday evening on or before each full moon. Grand Junction Lodge, No. 308, I. O. O. F., was organized in 1872. The officers at this writing are: Frank Congdon, Noble Grand; B. F. Steward, Yice Grand; W. B. Waite, Recording Secretary; R. M. Congdon, Permanent Secretary; August Marquart, Treasurer. The lodge has thirty-eight mem- bers, and meets every Monday evening in its own hall, which is in the upper story of a frame building. It is valued at $2,000. The lower story is rented out as a dwelling. Rebekah Degree Dora Lodge, No. 93, I. O. O. F., meets the first and third Wednes- day of each month at Odd Fellows Hall. David Blanshan is Noble Grand; Mrs. Stew- ard, Vice-Grand; Mrs. -T. Shuler, Secretary; Mrs. "Werty, Financial Secretary ; Mrs. Jacob Boos, Treasurer. Grand Junction Lodge, No. '2J5, A. O. U. W., was organized February 10, 1883, with twenty-two members, which number has been since increased to thirty-seven. The present officers are: C. J. Edinborough, Master Work- man; B. F. Steward, Foreman; ~W. J. Fitch, Overseer; C. E. Francisco, Recorder; J. P. Baker, Financier; L. D. Brown, Receiver; John Copeland, Guide; O. V. Blaylock, In- side "Warden; Reuben Smith, Outside "War- den. The lodge meets every Tuesday evening at Odd Fellows' Hall. HI8T0BY OF QBE EN E COUNTY. 1 I . Grand Jvmotion Lodge, No. 87, 1. 0. G. T., was organized in 1886, with over fifty mem- bers. The membership is now forty-five. The lodge meets every Friday evening at Odd Fellows' Hall. The officers for the last quarter of 1886 are: E. B. Hazeltine, Chief Templar; Mrs. 0. W. Lowry, Vice Templar; Mrs. Scarborough, Secretary; J. H. Berry, Financial Secretary; Mrs. K. B. Hazeltine, Treasurer; Rev. J. C. Carter, Chaplain. H. 0. Johnson Post, No. 152, G. A. E., has in good standing thirty-five members. Sixty-four altogether have been enrolled. It meets the first and third Saturdays of each month at Odd Fellows' Hall. The officers for 1886 are: H. C. Joy, Commander; John Berry, Senior Vice-Commander; John Peterson, Junior Vice-Commander; C. J. Edinborough, Adjutant; Sam. Shadle, Quar- termaster; L. D. Marsh, Surgeon; I. N. Ford, Chaplain; L. D. Brown, Officer of the Day; John Newberry, Officer of the Guard; Daniel Gray, Sergeant-Major; H. W. Smith, , Quartermaster-Sergeant. Local Assembly, No. 2,2^4-, K. of L., was organized November 28, 1882, with about forty members. It. has now fifty, and meets Thursday evenings at Gulick's Hall. The officers are: F. P. White, Master Workman; C. E. Francisco, Foreman; T. F. Callahan, Recording Secretary; T. J. Morrison, Finan- cial Secretary; A. Green, Treasurer; H. W. Smith, V. S.; C. M. Lentz, U. K.; C. W. Welch, Ins. ; F. F. Luther, Stat. ; Peter Som- burg, I. E.; G. W. Welch, 0. E. SCRANTON- During 1866 the Chicago ife Northwestern Railroad (built as the Cedar Rapids & Mis- souri River Railroad) was completed through this county westward, and in January, 1867, the first train reached the site of what is now Scran ton, in Scranton Township, nine miles west of Jefferson. The station-house was built in the early part of 1868. The town was platted in the summer of 1869 by the Blair Town Lot Company, and named in honor of Mr. Scranton, the proprietor of ex- tensive iron-works and rolling-mills at Scran- ton, Pennsylvania, who furnished the iron rails for a large portion of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. The first lot was sold January 31, 1870, to Charles H. Dowd, upon which he and II. C. Smith built a store. R. P. and D. R. Amsden built a dwelling, and then C. J. Quinn and D. J. Sheldon built on the west side of Main street, and soon after started a lumber yard. The first freight received at the station was in March, 1868. The postoffice was established in' the summer of the same year, with M. O. Robertson as postmaster. In 1870, also, a boarding-house and hotel by Daniel and Lydia Vader, a blacksmith-shop by John Shimer, and a school-house, were built. About the first residents of the town may be said to have been John Bolan, M. O. Robert- son, C. H. Dowd, H. C. Smith, the Amsdens, Vaders, C. J. Quinn, D. J. Sheldon and Dr. James Pressnell, up to the beginning of 1871. In the autumn of 1869 I. H. Adams built a grain warehouse, and shipped the first grain brought to this market. Until 1874 Scranton grew very slowly, when the outside world suddenly discovered the merits of its location, and new enter- prises sprang into existence. In the year mentioned the United Brethren church, the Hunter House, two or three stores and several dwellings were built, and a newspaper and printing office [Gazette^ established. During 1875 the town progressed rapidly, and some forty buildings were erected at an aggregate cost of not less than $40,000. The two elevators, school-house, four large stores and a large livery barn were among those built "■■■■■'■' ■»■»»»— «'«■» "lM»«"M"«»»™M» — "»' ■■■■■■■■■■■-■■■. ■i».».n' E£M«™B»I rOTTJTS ^iVT) VILLAGES. 517 "IB this year. The population of Scran ton in June, 1875, was 234. The State census of 1885 shows the population to be 714, an in- crease in ten years of more than 200 per cent. Few towns of its size have finer pros- pects than Scranton. INCORPORATION. Scranton was incorporated as a town early in July, 1880, the first meeting of the coun- cil being held July 6. The officers elected each year have been : 1880. — Mayor, Henry Phelps; Trustees, I. H. Adams, James Park, H. Coleman, E. P. Phelps, J. J. Allen and John Osborne; Recorder, M. L. Lewis; Treasurer, B. F. Eoberts ; Marshal, Frank Gibson ; Street Commissioner, George Allen. 1881. — Mayor, Henry Phelps; Trustees, I. H. Adams, James Park, J. J. Allen, E. P. Phelps, H. Coleman and John Osborne; Recorder, M. L. Lewis; Treasurer, B. F. Roberts; Marshal and Street Commissioner, George Allen. 1882. — Mayor, F. Ball; Trustees, James Pressnell, J. J. Allen, John Osborne, James Park, I. H. Adams .and H. Coleman; Record- er, T. J. Wilhite; Assessor, T. Andrews; Marshal and Street Commissioner, George Allen. 1883. — Mayor, F. Ball; Trustees, John Osborne, H. Anderson, P. F. Willoughby, J. J. Allen, I. H. Adams and James Park; Recorder, J. W. Vader; Treasurer, B. F. Roberts; Marshal and Street Commissioner, George Allen. 1884.— Mayor, Perry D. Rose; Trustees, A. L. Syphers, T. P. LaRue, fl. Anderson, James Park, I. H. Adams aud John Osborne ; Recorder, J. W. Vader; Treasurer, F. E. Fuller; Marshal, P. A. Smith; Street Com- missioner, B. Brader. Mayor, F. E. Fuller; Trustees, P. F. Willoughby, S. E. Shaw, John Osborne, A. L. Syphers, H. Anderson and T. P. La Rue; Recorder, J. W. Vader; Assessor, Scott Barber; Treasurer, F. E. Fuller; Mar- shal,. P. A. Smith; Street Commissioner, R. Brader. 1886.— Mayor, E. P. Phelps; Trustees, B. F. Roberts, A. T. Cox, A. F. Young, P. F. Willoughby, Allen Glenn and S. E. Shaw; Recorder, J. W. Vader; Treasurer, Charles Ensign; Marshal, W. W. Richards; Street Commissioner, R. Brader. POSTMASTERS. As before stated, M. O. Robertson was the first postmaster of Scranton. He carried the office — or at least the mail — in his pocket, and would be stopped on the street by those wanting their letters. He was succeeded by H. C. Smith; he by Miss C. A. Vader, and the present incumbent is I. H. Jones. FIRE PROTECTION. Scranton has no organized fire company, but owns a force pump, hooks and ladders, hose cart and 350 feet of hose. This ap- paratus was mostly purchased in 1883. The town has had but one serious fire. It oc- curred April 3, 1884, when the Scranton House, a furniture store, drug store and two unoccupied buildings were destroyed. The total damage was $10,000, partially covered by $3,900 insurance. PAPERS. The Scranton Gazette was started in Janu- ary, 1875, by W. W. Yarinan. It was a six- column folio. It passed into the hands of one Brown, who made it a Greenback organ. After four years in all of continuous publica- tion, it suspended. The Journal was estab- lished in 1879, by H. O. Beatty, who sold in October, 1882, to H. G. McCulloch & Son. ■■■"■■ ■■■■■■a»»^jg HISTORY OF ORB EN E COUNTY. (I ) I t In the autumn of 1883 F. H. McOulloch bought his father's interest, and February 8, 1884, the paper became the property of P. A. Smith, who has since conducted it. It has been from the start a Republican five- column quarto. It is issued on Thursdays, at $1.50 per year, and circulates principally in Greene and Carroll counties. The Free Press was started September 1, 1886, by M. M. Mahoney. It is a six-column quarto, independent in politics. It is issued on Wednesdays, at $1 per year. PROFESSIONAL. The only lawyer now here is T. B. Moore. In the past there have been William M. Langley, Lucius Barnes and Perry D. Rose. The first physician here was Dr. James Pressnell. W. C. Davis, B. H. Hoover and E. A. Gleason were here varying periods. Dr. R. Olive has been in practice twenty years here, and has kept a drag store since 1872. BUSINESS. The Bank of Scranton was established in 1877, by T. P. La Rue. -He sold in Novem- ber, 1885, to Robert Eason, who is now pres- ident. W. M. Eason is cashier. The adver- tised capital is $40,000. The Scranton Tile, Brick and Stoneware Company commenced business in 1885, and makes tile and brick, southeast of the station. The stock is $6,000, all owned by seven resi- dents of Scranton. From six to ten men are employed the year round. S. L. Eason is president; B. F. Roberts, secretary; A. H. Carey, treasurer; W. J. Kinnett, foreman. The Scranton Norman Horse Company was incorporated December 24, 1883, with sixteen members and stockholders. The stock, $4,000, is all paid up. J. A. Moss is president; John Osborne, treasurer; and B. F, Roberts, secretary. The purpose of the company is to breed superior animals for farm work. They own three horses now and expect to enlarge their business in time. The business firms of Scranton in Novem- ber, 1886, were: Adams & Saunders, millinery; J. J. Allen, harness; A. Arkwright, restaurant; Mrs. O. S. Baldwin, millinery; J. Brader, carpenter and house builder; H. O. Brock, billiard hall; M. Butler, shoe shop; A. H. Carey, general merchandise, grain, lumber, coal and lime; Arthur Carney, restaurant; H. Cole- man, livery: C. W. Cressler & Co., gen- eral merchandise; D. G. Cromwell, notary public and insurance; J. Dorcas, musical instruments and sewing machines; J. Dow- ling, general merchandise; F. D. Dunbar, livery; D. D. Dunning, carpenter and house builder; R. Eason, Bank of Scranton; T. W. Egbert, painter; Charles Ensign, drugs; Fuller & Carey, hardware; E. Han- sel, jeweler; M. Johnson, jeweler; H. P. Jones, carpenter and house builder; I. H. Jones, postmaster; Lewis, Stiegerwalt & Co., general merchandise; Lewis, Theodore & Co., hardware; J. Lucraft, Scranton House; M. M. Mahoney, editor Free Press; R. Mc- Neil, billiard hall; T. B. Moore, attorney; R. Olive, druggist and physician; John Os- borne, grain, lumber, coal and lime; M. S. Patten, carpenter and house builder ; Park & Dawson, agricultural implements;" Henry Phelps, grain, lumber and hardware; S. Ran- dall, carpenter and house builder; W. W. Richards, wagon maker; B. F. Roberts, drugs/ Schoonover & Frost, blacksmiths; S. Sease, meat market; W. L. Sexton, black- smith; P. A. Smith, editor Journal; J. Stribling, painter; A. L. Syphers, meat mar- ket; Yroinan & Willoughby, furniture; W. M. Warner, general merchandise; T. J. Wil- hite, barber; A. J. Wood, general merchan- dise. < »g m '», al i ■■■«!"«■«■ ■agaggggggggggggBg TOWNS AND VILLAGES. -"-Ha 519 I > SCHOOL. Previous to 1885 an ungraded school was all that was open to the children of Scran ton. In that year a two-story frame school-house was built, at a cost of $8,000. It contains four rooms. Four teachers are employed, the corps for 1886-'87 being: E. S. Bell, principal (second year); Miss Mamie Cole- man, grammar; Mrs. Josie McCowin, inter- mediate; and Miss Elsie Lncraft, primary. School is taught for nine months. The en- rollment reaches 200 annually, and the average attendance 180. The present school board includes E. P. Phelps (president), A. F. Young, L. H. Vroman, Samuel Sease, C. W. Cressler and Jacob Brader. A. Strong is secretary and Robert Eason, treasurer. CHUBCHES. The United Brethren Church, — The first religious society organized in Scran- ton was the United Brethren, by Rev. John Chase, in 1871. This society, assisted by others, built the first church in town in 1874, dedicating it December 27, of that year. It is a neat and substantial house, 26x44 feet, and cost $1,700. Among the pastors have been Revs. Roberts, Bufkin, Crawford, Buxton, Young, Curtis, Snyder, Cronk and Talbott. The membership is about fifty. Samuel Frantz is class-leader and I. K. Frost, Steward. The Sunday-school has about one hundred pupils, in charge of Alonzo Dixon. Methodist Episcopal Church, — In April, 1871, the Scranton Circuit was set off. The pastors of the charge since have been: 1871- '72, Rev. L. Boran; 1872-'73, Rev. L. McK Campbell; 1873-'74, Rev. G. W. Selby 1874-'75, Rev. E. P. Vail; 1875-'77, Rev B. T. Durfee; 1877-'78, Rev. W. C. Smith 1878-'80, Rev. J. D. Moore; 188L-'82, Rev A. B. Shipman; 1881-'83, Rev. A. G. Fore- man; 1883-'85, Rev. D. O. Stewart; 1885-'87, Rev. W. Abraham. The church was built in 1878, during Rev. J. D. Moore's time, at a cost of $2,400. The parsonage was built earlier, in Mr. Vail's time, and cost $600. The stewards of the church are: John Osborne, Mrs. Osborne, S. E. Shaw, 1ST. B. Sheldon, J. E. Moss, Mrs. Moss, Robert Cain, A. Iiagey, William Dunning, Mrs. Jaques and Mrs. Gaunt. The trustees are: John Osborne, N. B. Sheldon, J. E. Moss, William M. Kimmey, L. Sease, T. Davis and Dexter Moss. There are under one hundred pupils in the Sunday-school, which is in charge of William M. Kimmey. The Christian Church was organized in the spring of 1886, with twenty-seven mem- bers. There are now 127. They bought for $1,250 a church which had been built, but not long used, by the Presbyterians in 1879, at an expenditure of $2,500. Rev. John A. Lindeer, from Coon Rapids, was invited to become pastor. The elders are: W. J. Kinnett, Gordon McDonald and Benjamin Loomis; Deacons, A. T. Cox, George McCoy and S. E. Loomis; Trustees, W. J. Kinnett, Benjamin Loomis and A. T. Cox. S. E. Loomis is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has abont one hundred on its rolls. SOCIETIES. Golden Gate Lodge, No. Jflg, A. F. & A. M., was instituted June 18, 1880, and chartered June 7, 1881. The officers for 1886 are: D. B. Haight, Worshipful Mas- ter; P. D. Rose, Senior Warden; A. Strong, Junior Warden; Robert Eason, Treasurer; I. H. Adams, Secretary. The lodge has about forty members, and meets on Monday evening, on or before each full moon, at Masonic Hall. Scranton Lodge, No. 357, L. 0. O. F., was chartered September 30, 1876. The officers # BISTORT OP GRMfiNfi COUNTY. m at this writing are: R. Olive, Noble Grand; W. S. Allen, Vice-Grand ; B. F. Roberts, Secre- tary. The lodge has thirty-five members, and meets every Wednesday evening at its own hall. This is also used as an opera hall. It is 30x74 feet, and cost $3,000. Scranton Lodge, No. 207, A. 0. U. W., was organized in December, 1879, and char- tered in January following. At this writing Henry Hensen is Master Workman; I. II. Adams, Recorder; Scott Barber, Financier, and D, R. Amsden, Receiver. The lodge has twenty-one members, and meets every Thurs- day evening at Hensen's Hall. N. H. Powers Post, No. Ill, Q. A. R., was organized November 16, 1882. The officers for the current year are: J. E. Moss, Commander; W. H. Garland, Senior Vice- Commander; G. W. Brader, Junior Vice- Commander; J. W. Fletcher, Adjutant; P. A. Smith, Quartermaster; Ed. Hall, Officer of the Day; Joseph Frease, Officer of the Guard; Hugh Pound, Chaplain; J. L. Lukens, Sur- geon; W. H. Perkins, Sergeant-Major; W. L. Fry, Quartermaster-Sergeant. The post has eighty-one members and meets the first and third Saturdays of each month at Union Hall. Woman's Relief Corps, No. 50, auxiliary to the post, was organized in February, 1886, with thirty-six charter members. There are now thirty-eight members, and meetings are- held the first and third Saturdays of each month at Hensen's Hall. At this writing Mrs. E. C. Brown is President; Mrs. Susan Moss, Senior Vice-President; Mrs. Eveline Fletcher, Junior Vice-President; Mrs. Me- lissa Garland, Treasurer; Mrs. Helen Moss, Secretary; Mrs. Alice Perkins, Conductress; Mrs. Margaret Anderson, Guard. CHURDAN. The village of Churdan is situated in Highland Township, on the Des Moines & Fonda branch of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad, twelve miles north of Jef- ferson, and seventy-eight miles northwest of Des Moines. The present population is esti- mated at 278. The railroad was completed in 1882, and March 1 of that year J. H. Hunter opened the first store in Churdan. This store was conducted for six months by J. H. Hunter & W. S. Livingston, and then the firm became Hunter, Livingston & Liv- ingston, the junior partner being W. B. Liv- ingston. The second building was erected by A. J. Dudley, for a hardware and agri- cultural implement house, and flie next by A. B. Capps, for general merchandise. J. M. Fitz next erected a drug store. At present writing Churdan has two general stores, one hardware store, postoffice (F. D. Odell, post- master), one agricultural implement store (of J. C. Hill), two notion stores, one drug store (owned by Dr. F. D. Carr), one furni- ture store (owned by J. R. English), two millinery shops, three dress-making estab- lishments, one restaurant, one hotel (kept by F. H. Hutchins), one flouring and feed mill, two grain firms, three coal firms, one lumber yard, one harness shop, one boot and shoe store, one blacksmith shop, two wagon shops, one livery stable and one barber shop. There are two physicians residing here — Drs. Mor- gan and Carr. The one church building is owned by the Presbyterians, but is used by both them and the Methodists. It was built during the summer of 1885, and dedicated August 31. The trustees were James White, H. G. Mc- Birney and R. A. White, for the Presby- terians, and E. W. Bates, W. S. Livingston, F. D. Carr, A. S. Fonts and C. A. English, for the Methodists. There is also a Free Methodist society, led by H. D. Rogers. A large and commodious school-house was built during the season of 1885. The direc- TOWNS AND VILLAGES. tors are: C. E. Woodworth, William Hillis and J. M. Fitz. The first postmaster was Joseph Churdan, Sr., and the present incum- bent is Frank D. Odell. The town site was first bought by the Union Town Company, of Des Moines. They first purchased 160 acres, laying out forty into town lots. About eighteen months later seven more blocks were laid out, as Captain Head's addition. Churdan was incorporated April 29, 1884, the first council comprising J. C. Hill, E. M. Fowler, J. H. Hunter, E. Harding and F. M. Stotts. The first mayor was E. M. West- brook; recorder, W. E. Dickinson. The present mayor is E. Harding. RIPPEY. The village of Rippey was laid out in June, 1870, on section 11, township 82 north, range 29 west. It is in Washington Town- ship, and is a station on the Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad, the building of which, indeed, suggested the starting of a village at this point. The first building was erected by John Hampenstall. It was a one-story frame, and was moved from "Old Rippey," to be used as a dwelling by Mr. Hampenstall. The first store was established by C. H. Suy- dam, and the first blacksmith shop was built and run by Dwight Thorp. A wagon and blacksmith shop was started about the same time, by Isaac Worthington. This was in 1871. There was but one store in the place until 1876, in which year Rippey began to im- prove. At one time since then there were four general stores and several other business establishments. It now contains two general stores, two groceries, three restaurants, one bakery, one drug store, one hardware store, one harness shop, one hotel, two doctors, one insurance and loan agent, one elevator, three blacksmith shops, three wagon shops, one meat market, one livery stable, one millinery shop, and a coal mine. The coal shaft was sunk in 1884 by AV. N. Cartwright, pros- pecting having been first begun in 1874. Coal was first found in 1883 by the Rippey Coal Mining Association. The shaft extends downward 120 feet, and the vein is four feet thick. A hundred miners can be employed at one time. Rippey Lodge, No. 4.66, I. 0. O. F., was organized June 26, 1883, with these eight, charter members: J.»Bullock, E. L. Frizelle, G. J. Griffith, G. N. Phillips, R. B. Cook, J. P. Law, F. E. Harmon and S. Q. Free. The first officers were: F. E. Harmon, Noble Grand ; R. B. Cook, Vice-Grand ; S. Q. Free, Secretary; J. Bullock, Permanent Secretary. The lodge owns its hall, which is in a two- story frame building 22 x 50 feet in size. It was built in 1884. The lodge has forty- two members in good standing, and is in excellent condition. The officers at this writing are: D. A. Bennett, Noble Grand; I. W. Frymeier, Vice-Grand; J. W. Cree, Secretary; J. S. Jones, Permanent Secretary; W. L. McCrary, Treasurer. CHURCHES. The Rippey Methodist Episcopal Church was first organized, at what is now called " Old Rippey," four miles west of Rippey, by Rev. John Anderson, in 1855, and added to the Panora Circuit. The Rippey Circuit was organized in the autumn of 1873, and Rev. D. M. Mallory appointed to preach. The pastors since then have been: 1876-'77, Rev. C. Hover; 1877-'78, Rev. B. F. Shut- terly; 1878-'79, Rev. S. W. Milligan; 1879- '80, Rev. C. W. Stewart; 1880-'82, Rev. G. W. Hall; 1882-'83, Rev. A. W. Armstrong, 1883-'85, Rev. William Abraham ; 1885-'87, Rev. John Elliott. The house of worship i 522 HISTORY Of GREEKS GOtlNTT. was built in the summer of 1881. The present membership is sixty-five. The Presbyterian Church was organized May 18, 1880, by the following committee, appointed by the Presbytery of Fort Dodge: Rev. W. G. Hillman, Rev. A. K. Baird and Elder C. Metzger. The original members were Samuel Rhodes, Mrs. E. B. Lovejoy, Mrs. Hannah Keller, Mrs. Margaret Holines, W. A. Shormley and wife, E. A. Porter and wife, Robert Fleming and wife, J. R. Derry, Miss Mary Aylet, George H. Bennett and wife. The following have served as ruling elders, the last three being at present active: Robert Fleming, E. A. Porter, W. A. Shorm- ley, C. A. Garvin, A. L. Grow, A. C. Love- joy and William McCrary. This church has never had a regular pastor, its pulpit being supplied by the pastor of the Grand Junction church. The present membership is thirty. Rev. W. G. Hillman served the church as stated supply from its organization until his death in 1883. During his ministry the house of worship was built. Rev. S. W. Pollock was their supply from June, 1883, to April, 1884. Since then Rev. G. N. Luc- cock has been serving them. PATON. The village of Paton was laid out in the autumn of 1874 by J. H. Tallman, who built the first house here prior to the laying out of the little town. The first store was built by Griffith & Thompson in the spring of 1875. They kept a general stock for one year, and then failed. J. A. Rowles now sells all kinds of merchandise in the same building. The second business house was built by Dr. J. M. Sherman in the summer of 1875. He has conducted a drug business ever since. Paton had eighty-four inhabi- tants in 1880, and by the census in 1885, 236. It was incorporated in 1883. The officers for each year have been: 1883. — Mayor, J. A. Rowles; Trustees, H. II. Smith, A. W. Kelsey, W. R. Garritt, H. A. Gilliland, J. W. Hill and Oscar "White; Recorder, C. H. Townsend; Marshal, A. C. Curtis. 1884.— Mayor, T. M. Hall; Trustees, H. H. Smith, O. W. White, W. R, Garritt, J. W. Hill, A. W. Kelsey and A. W. Gilliland; Recorder, C. H. Townsend; Treasurer, J. A. Rowles ; Marshal, A. C. Curtis. 1885.— Mayor, T. M. Hall; Trustees, W. R. Garritt, George Herwig, J. M. Sherman, H. H. Smith, A. W. Kelsey and A. H. Gilliland; Recorder, S. S. Rntter; Treasurer, J. A. Rowles; Marshal, A. C. Curtis. 1886.— Mayor, T. M. Hall; Trustees, A. H. Gilliland, A. W. Kelsey, George Herwig, W. R. Garritt, H. H. Smith and J. M. Sher- man; Recorder, S. S. Rutter; Treasurer, J. A. Rowles; Marshal, J. P. Meredith. Paton now has three general stores, one drug store, one hardware store, two millinery shops, two blacksmith shops, one agricultural implement store, one hotel, one tin shop, one lumber and grain office, one barber shop, one * creamery, one elevator, one harness shop, one meat market, one wagon shop, one boot and shoe store and one furniture store. Gem Lodge, No. 429, A. F. & A. M., was organized June 24, 1882, and chartered June 6, 1883, with six members. T. M. Hall was the first master. The present officers are: E. P. French, W. M.; A. C. Harris, S. W.; A. C. Curtis, J. W.; T. M. Hall, Treasurer; L. L. Palmer, Sec. The lodge has twenty- three members, and meets Thursday evening on or before each full moon. The first Methodist preaching in Paton was by Rev. Charles Leach in January, 1875. The church has always been connected with the Grand Junction charge. The pastors have been: 1876-'77, Rev. B. F. Shetterley; 1877-'78, Key. C. H. Newell; 1878-'80, Rev. A. B. Shipman; 1880-'81, Rev. C. V. Mar- tin; 1881-'83, Rev. L. W. Archer; 1883-'85, Rev. E. Kendall; 1885-'86, Rev. J. D. Moore; 1886-'87, Rev. R. R Grantham. The class at Paton was organized in 1876 and consisted of eleven members. It now numbers fifty members. The church building was begun in 1881 and completed in 1882, the total expenditure being $2,000. Albert Jester is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which is in a flourishing condition. The officers of the church are: Local Preacher, Joshua Jester; Class Leader, J. L. Hunt; Stewards, J. L. Hunt and Albert Jester; Trustees, J. A. Rowles, George F. Rider, J. M. Sherman, J. L. Hunt, J. Jester, J. H. Tallman, H. H. Smith, A. Jester and J. P. Meredith. There is a Friends church near Paton de- serving particular attention. In the spring of 1879 the first family of Friends settled here. It consisted of Clayton and Phebe R. Brown and their four children. In August, 1880, Rev. William Roberts and Elizabeth, his wife, with two married sons and their wives, and three minor children, arrived here. About the 1st of October in that year the school-house (No. 6) was completed. The second Sabbath thereafter the first Friends' meeting was held in it, being the first meet- ing of the society ever held in the county. Services have been maintained regularly since, except when severe storms prevented. Other members soon after joined the little community, and early in 1882 the Friends were numerous enough to establish a monthly meeting. The first one was held March 25, 1882, and meetings have since occurred on the last Seventh Day of each month. DANA. This little village was laid out in 1881, by 38 Mr. Eckstein, on section 9, township 84 north, range 29 west. It is in Junction Township, and is a station on the Des Moines & Fort Dodge Railroad. The first house was built in the spring of 1882, by Mr. Gar- rett, and used by him for a dwelling. The first store was built by Ed. Hutchins in 1882. He kept a general stock of merchandise, and was the first postmaster. He sold in 1883 to William C. Barth, who still owns it. The village now comprises two general Stores, a postoffice, a harness shop, a black- smith shop, hotel and restaurant, and a grain and stock buyer. The population is about fifty. The prosperity of the place is largely due to the enterprise of William C. Barth, the leading business man of the place. Much credit is also due William H. Vest, the pro- prietor of the hotel. The Presbyterian church of Dana was or- ganized at the Oxley school-house August 16, 1885, by Rev. G. N. Luccock and Elder H. A. Parmenter, members of the Presbytery at Fort Dodge. The original membership was thirty. R. Paterson, T. B. Martin and J. A. Adrly were elected elders, and are now serv- ing in that relation. Their new house of worship was dedicated the 6th of December, 1885. A very successful revival in the winter following resulted in a large increase of mem- bership, which is now seventy-one. The pulpit is supplied by Rev. G. N. Luccock, pastor at Grand Junction. COOPER. The village of Cooper is in Franklin Town- ship, and is a station on the narrow-gauge railroad. The principal merchant is S. W. Higgins. There are two stores, a grain ele- vator, blacksmith shop, and perhaps seventy- five people. ■HHHs BISTORT OF GREENE COUNTY. ANGUS. Although this village is situated mostly in Boone County, so much of it lies in Greene that we are justified in giving it a description proportionately as full as that of any other village. It is situated mainly on section 31, Union Township, Boone County, and partly on section 36, "Washington Township, Greene County. It has but recently sprung into existence, like a mushroom. Up to 1881 it was known as " Coal Town," containing scarcely more than a coal shaft and a few shanties. Here coal was first discovered by Henry Utler on section 35, Washington Township, iu 1866. The following year he opened a mine on his own farm, on section 36. In 1870 a Mr. Carpenter opened a bank on Snake Creek, two miles west of Angus, where Surry now is, and in 1877 Timmons & Loch- ray opened a mine on section 31. The first steam shaft was erected by John F. Duncomb, of Fort Dodge, in 1878, after having pur- chased the mine of Timmons & Lochray, and the temporary residences erected around it by employes formed the nucleus of Angus. In 1880 the Climax Coal Company pur- chased the property of Mr. Duncomb, and laid out the original plat of the village in 1881. The year previous the Standard Coal Company added a plat to the original, and since then no less than eight additions have been made. The village is pleasantly located, on a fine undulating prairie, in a prosperous community of farmers. The Climax Com- pany own 960 acres of coal land, and have under lease 280 acres more, and operate two large steam shafts, the tqtal capacity of which is the elevation of 1,400 tons daily. In 1885 the company mined 200,000 tons. They now employ 400 to 500 miners. The Eagle Coal Company, belonging to the Chicago, Mil- waukee & St. Paul Company, own and ope- rate one steam shaft, employ 100 miners, and bring up 250 tons daily. They own 550 acres of coal land. The Keystone Company put in their first shaft on section 36 in the fall of 1881, and in September, 1882, sold to the Standard Coal Company, the present pro- prietors. The latter erected a steam hoisting apparatus, laid a switch, and began hoisting coal November 15 following. They now own about 500 acres of coal land, and elevate on an average about 50,000 tons annually, em- ploying from 250 to 300 men altogether. E. W. Gaylord, of Minneapolis, Minnesota, is superintendent, and John McKay mine super- intendent. Besides the above there are a number of smaller shafts, having a large local patronage, among which are the Bell & Dalley shafts, the Buckeye, Simons & Co.'s, and the Dawson Company's. The business houses of Angus are: L. B. Thomas, W. J. Semmons, Swan Nelson, S. G. Johnson, W. H. Perkins, M. A. Olds, Watson & Co., Bobert Muir, W. C. Shepard and J. R. Thomas, general merchandise; Swiler Bros, and Richard Stevens, hardware; T. H. Warner and Morris & West, drugs; John M. W. Bay, Henry McNair and James Mills, restaurants; W. L. Chauvet, flour and feed ; Mr. Williamson and D. J. Morris, boots and shoes; J. A. Gwinn, L. S. McKee, jewelry, etc.; John Martin Lumber Co., lumber and brick; J. D. Williams and David Spencer, livery; Bradley & Peterson, Wm. Utter and Nelson Phinney, meat market; Huldah Peter- sen, Mrs. A. M. Neal and M. A. Williamson, millinery; Lewis Linquist, blacksmith; Miss Coomins, dressmaking; Levi McKean, photog- rapher; Matt Johns, pool and billiard hall; R. A. Lowry and J. C. Meredith, attorneys; C. E. Paige, J. B. Muir, T. S. Kirby, and W. P. Mower, physicians; Philip Riley, the St. Nicholas Hotel; J. R. McNaughton, the Angus House; A. Powell, second-hand store; and Robert A. Lowry, editor of the Black Diamond; A. T. Pearson, banker; and E. B. Berrien, contractor and builder. In the village of Angus are also a fine opera house, with a seating capacity of 800; a school-house, frame, two stories, four rooms, seating capacity 350, situated on section 33, and was built in 1882-'83, at a cost of $5,000; besides several churches, described further on. The present population of Angus is about 2,700. Official board: 1883 — Mayor, David J. Morris; Eecorder, T. A. Bay; Treasurer, A. T. Pearson; Marshal, E. Lewis; Council men, B. F. West, Thos. Pratt, W. A. Swiler, J. H. Sherry and ¥m. J. Davis. 1884 — Mayor, D. J. Morris; Eecorder, W. H. Thomas; Treasurer, J. W. Webster; Marshal, E. Lewis; Councilmen, B. L. West, T. Pratt, John A. Allen, George Vandewalker, M. H. King and W. H. Perkins. 1885— Mayor, C. P. Lud- den; Recorder, W. H. Thomas; Treasurer, L. B. Thomas; Marshal, E. Lewis; Council- men, James Sherry, John Sampson, George Watson, B. L. West and Thomas Pratt. 1886— Mayor, E. B. Berrien; Recorder, Thomas Pratt; Treasurer, W. H. Perkins; Marshal, E. Lewis; Councilmen, Geo. Cook, Jon. Sampson, W. H. Thomas, George Wat- son, Robert Muir and Ralph Johnson, Sr. ANGUS BLACK DIAMOND. This is a spicy six-column quarto, owned and edited by Robert A. Lowry. It was established in 1883, by Mr. Lowry and C. M. Carr, and in 1884 Mr. Lowry purchased Mr. Carr's interest. It is devoted to mining and local news and general literature. In politics it is neutral. Circulation, about 1,000. THE ANGUS TENDEK-FOOT was established in May, 1884, by Brocket & Clark, but, for want of patronage, it was dis- continued at the end of a year. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. The first school taught in the independent district of Angus was conducted by John L. Curran, commencing in June, 1883, assisted by Miss Maria Sickle, of Ogden, and Mr. Curran has had charge of the schools here ever since then. He now has four assistants and 358 pupils. The main or high-school building is situated on section 36, Washing- ton Township, Greene County. CHURCHES. The First Methodist Episcopal Church was organized at Maple Grove, several years ago, about a half mile west of the county line, on section 36, Washington Township. A new edifice was built in the fall of 1884, in Angus, to which the society moved- the next spring, when they re-organized under their present name, their former name being the Maple Grove Methodist Episcopal Church. Rev. Abraham was then pastor, who was succeeded by Rev. John Elliott, the present incumbent. Their house of worship, which was a frame 40x60 feet, and twenty feet from floor to ceiling, cost about $1,800. It was burned down in May, 1886, by the " whisky element," and the society now worship in the Welch church. Services every Sunday morning and evening; prayer-meeting each Thursday even- ing, and class-meeting Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday evenings. The Primitive Methodist Church of Angus held a long series of protracted meetings in the Welch church, in January and February, 1887, during which time they organized with about ninety members. These meetings were conducted by Rev. Mrs. Watson, assisted by Rev. Mr. Baker. The Welsh Congregational Church was organized in 1883, by Rev. T. D. Thomas, with twenty members. Rev. B. I. Evans was pastor from the spring of 1884 to the fall of 1885, when an attack of paralysis dis- abled him, since which time the society has had no regular pastor. They have services every Sunday morning and evening, Sunday- school at 2 p. m. Sunday, and prayer-meeting each Wednesday evening. The church build- ing is 30x40 feet in dimensions, besides a vestry 8x18 feet. Number of communicants about fifteen. The Swedish Lutheran Church was organ- ized as a mission as early as the spring of 1882. They built their house in 1883; it is a frame. There are but few communicants; have no settled pastor, but hold religious services every Sunday and prayer-meeting every Thursday and Saturday evenings. SOCIETIES. Elmo Lodge, No. ^65, A. F. & A. M.— In the latter part of September, 1884, steps were taken to organize a Masonic lodge in Angus. On the 23d of October, 1884, a dispensation was granted to L. B. Thomas, George C. Lunt, Robert Spence, John F. Curran, J. H. Webster, A. Y. Swayne, W. J. Semmons, Robert Timmons, George Vander- walker, A. L. Grossman, David Zeigler, Mor- gan Jenkins, Henry Mcintosh, John A. Guinn and Seth Stiles. The lodge was styled Elmo Lodge, No. 465. The first officers of the lodge were as follows: L. B. Thomas, Wor- shipful Master; George 0. Lunt, Senior War- den ; Robert Spence, Junior Warden ; J. H. Webster, Treasurer; 0. E. Blackwell, Secre- tary; W. J. Semmons, Senior Deacon; Robert Timmons, Junior Deacon, and A. Y. Swayne, Tyler. The first regular meeting was held December 31, 1884. At a regular meeting held February 25, 1885, John F. Curran was elected secretary, which position he has held to the present time, March 1, 1887. At the Grand Lodge session in June, 1885, a charter was issued to Elmo Lodge, up to which time the lodge had been working under a dispensa- tion. When we take into consideration that the business prosperity of Angus depends principally on the development of its coal interests, which are liable to depression and consequent fluctuation of population, we feel justified in stating that Elmo Lodge has been comparatively prosperous, as several new members have been added by initiation and affiliation. Perhaps at no time since the organization of the lodge have the prospects been more flattering than at present; and with faith in the return, in the near future, of the former excellent business status of the town, they expect to build up a membership that will not only be a power in promulgating the principles of Masonry, but will reflect much credit on the labors of those who were instrumental in organizing a lodge in Angus. The present officers of the lodge are: L. B. Thomas, Worshipful Master; Robert Spence, Senior Warden; W. J. Semmons, Junior Warden; John A. Guinn, Treasurer; John F. Curran, Secretary; James Dalby, Senior Deacon; J. D.Williams, Junior Deacon, and James Orman, Tyler. Angus Lodge, No. lf.61, I. 0. 0. F., was organized January 26, 1883, with about thirty charter members. There are now sixty members, and the lodge is in a pros- perous condition. The present officers are: Thomas Pratt, Noble Grand; Charles Dore, Vice-Grand; W. H. Thomas, Secretary; Edward Stone, Treasurer; T. A. Ray, George Cook and Thomas Ray, Trustees. Prairie Lodge, No. 123, K. of P., was organized February 12, 1884, with forty- three charter members. They now have fifty-nine members, and the officers are: Enoch Lewis, Past Chancellor; H. L. Thomas, i».H.a.i« .". ' ii"« " «".".» «l«n».». »«».»«»."«»."."."."«"."ii"i» .».l'.". l . « . " . ' Hgg5™ggggggmg5gg B5BSHS»«fi5g5gg ™gBSBg^ ■I' yOTfira A#7> VILLAGES. 527 Chancellor Commander; Richard Berry, Vice- Chancellor; John Berry, Prelate; L. B. Thomas, Master of the Exchequer; Samuel Grylls, Master of Finance; I. B. Thomas, Keeper of Record and Seals; Ralph Johnson, Master at Arms; David McBurnie, Inner Guard; Richard Cooper, Outer Guard. Hawkeye Lodge, No. 30, K. of H., was Organized July 30, 1884, with twenty-three charter members. There are now but thir- teen members in good standing. The officers are: D. J. Morris, Past D.; H. V. Griffin, W. D.; Thomas Pratt, Vice D.; E. M. Mc- Dowell, Chaplain; J. W. Davis, Reporter; B. F. West, Financial Reporter; David Bryant, Treasurer. Angus Assembly, No. 1596, K. of L., organized in 1880, is a strong order of about 250 members. Olive Branch Lodge, No. 84-, I. 0. G. T., was organized in December, 1880, with about twenty-five members. It was prosperous for about two years, and at one time was the banner lodge of the State. At the time of the strikes in the fall of 1885, interest began to die out, and finally in February, 1887, its charter was surrendered. Hope Lodge, No. 236, A. 0. IT. W., was instituted May 12, 1883, with twenty charter members. There are now fifteen members, and the meetings are kept up with unabating interest. £S»2^S£5HfiHSKfflHHSfiI E555?5 .^^^SHSSi^ >£5S«s2jia5SHaaaHSES5Haa ■=Hnrs»r.- m m wzjWj fi- s S.V- c»gw=»s»ipgswiii»=^.,«BMiii*ns»BS»^^ ?! m mt ssssysgasefflHHakBHs i ^*=5s£to^jaSs2mgmi. $ in i. 1 % possocdes= BIOGRAPHICAL *SKET0HES.^ -%• ^^V^^.5'w^«':4^5E^i~7^H*f?S5!«^ si: ml 'is' Sri 1 it i\i\ BIOG&APHICAL SKETCHES. |APTAIN J. N. COULTEE, who resides on section 25 of Grant Township, is one of the early pioneers of Greene County, and a prominent citizen of both Greene and Carroll Counties. He was born in Richland, now Ashland County, Ohio, May 19, 1830, and when fifteen years of age removed with his father to Washington Township, where he grew to manhood, being reared to the avoca- tion of a farmer. He was united in marriage October 24, 1848, to Elcy Ann Pollock, who died January 19, 1853. Of the three chil- dren born to this union only one survives, the youngest child, Mrs. Julia E. "Wright, who now resides in Montrose County, Colo- rado. The eldest child, Elizabeth M., died in Richland County, Ohio, in 1850, aged one year, and the second child, Flora L., was killed by the accidental discharge of a gun in October, 1866. In the fall of 1854 Mr. Coulter came West in company with George W. Fleck and Simon P. Armstrong. Before starting on their journey they had purchased a threshing machine. They arrived at Mus- catine the following December, having stopped at various points en route to thresh. At Muscatine they sold their machine, and con- tinued their journey as far as Copeland's Grove, near where Carrollton now is, in Car- roll County. They all purchased land in Greene County, Mr. Coulter buying 120 acres in Kendrick Township. The following January they returned to Ohio. Mr. Arm- strong never returned to Iowa to reside, but has been a resident of Stevenson County, Kansas, for a number of years. Mr. Fleck is now a resident of Jackson Township, Greene County, living on the land which he pur- chased in 1854. In May, 1855, Mr. Coulter came back to Iowa, and stopped at Monti- cello, in Jones County, until August of that year, when he came to Greene County and sold eighty acres of his land to the Kendrick Land Company, when he purchased eighty acres of land on section 11 of Scranton Township. In January, 1856, he again re- turned to Ohio, but the following March re- turned to Monticello, Iowa, where he was married to Elizabeth A. Skelly, whom he had met while there in 1855. She is a native of Marion County, Indiana, her father being a native of the State of New York, and her mother was a descendant of President Adams. Mr. Coulter had made up his ! BISTORT Of CARROLL COUNTY. mind to settle permanently in Greene County, but circumstances again called him to Ohio. In September, 1858, Mr. Coulter with his family, accompanied by Mr. .Fleck and fam- ily, left Mansfield, Ohio, with teams and wagons ; after a journey of about seven weeks arrived at Mr. Fleck's settlement, on the 17th or 18th of November. Mr. Coulter moved into a log cabin which had been built by ^Na- thaniel De Hart about 1853 or '54, and occu- pied by various families of early settlers until they could build houses of their own, the house becoming, known as the House of Refuge. "While living in the House of Refuge Mr. and Mrs. Coulter had born to them their second child, March 11, 1859, whom they named Lorenzo Dow. In 1859 Mr. Coulter built a cabin on his land in Scranton Township, and the same year he broke a part of his land, which was the first breaking done in the township. He contin- ued to reside on and improve his land until 1862, when in August of that year he re- solved to respond to the call of President Lincoln for 600,000. men. The same month he, in company with 'N. P. Wright, raised a company, and on its organization Mr. Coul- ter was appointed First Lieutenant. This company was mustered into the United States service November 25 following as Company E, of the Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry. Mr. Coulter served as Lieutenant until October 31, 1863, when he was promoted to Captain on account of the death of Captain P. M. Pippey. Captain Coulter commanded his company until January 6, 1865, when he re- signed at Savannah, Georgia. He was with his company during his term of service with the exception of two intervals of a few months, being for a time Quartermaster of his regiment, and for a time was Adjutant of a detachment of the Third Division of the Sixteenth Army Corps. The Thirty-ninth Pegiment was a part of the Sixteenth Corps until the fall of 1864, when it became a part of the Fifteenth Corps, and with the latter marched with Sherman to the sea. On leaving the service Captain Coulter returned to his farm near Scranton. For his services in the army he received half of a First Lieu- tenant's pension. From August, 1868, un- til February, 1869, Mr. Coulter kept the hotel known as the Western House, at Jeffer- son, when he exchanged his hotel for a farm in Kendrick Township, Greene County, to which he removed, living there until 1875. He then sold his farm and removed to Glid- den, and in the summer of 1876 began deal- ing in real estate. In the fall of the same year he engaged in the mercantile business at Glidden, which he continued for a time. He was in Colorado in 1878-'79 and '80 en- gaged in mining and prospecting. From 1881 until 1884 he conducted a creamery for A. J. Heaton. In 1883 he bought his pres- ent farm of fifty acres. Captain Coulter cast his first presidential vote for Franklin Pierce in 1852, but since 1856 has cast his suffrage with the Republican party. Py his second marriage he has had four children — Olive Viola, who died in 1862, in her sixth year; Lorenzo Dow, living at Ouray, Colorado, en- gaged in mining; Mrs. Rosella Rice Wal- dren,who was the first child born in Scranton Township, the date of her birth being Janu- ary 2, 1862, and George P. E., who was born" July 3, 1876. Captain Coulter is a member of 1ST. P. Wright Post at Glidden. Poth he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Captain Coulter is a son of John and Elizabeth (Rice) Coulter, the father a native of Washington County, Penn- sylvania, born September 13, 1790, and the mother a native of Massachusetts, born Jan- uary 27, 1797. In 1810, when but twenty years of age, the father immigrated to Rich- land County, Ohio, where he lived till reach- ing the age of eighty-three years, dying in 1873 near the place where he had settled sixty-three years before. In his old age he could stand at his door and look off on the hillside that he had cleared of timber more than sixty years before. The mother of our subject was taken by her parents when quite young to Montpelier, Yermont, where she received her education. From Montpelier her family removed to New York State, and thence to Richland, now Ashland County, Ohio, in 1811. She was one of the pioneer teachers of that county, teaching the first school in Greene Township in that county. She died December 14, 1884. John and Elizabeth Coulter were the parents of five sons and five daughters, our subject being the fourth son and sixth childj and the only member of the family who settled in Iowa. Only four of the children are living at the present time, two sons and two daughters. One son, Martin Y. B., died at Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, while serving his country during the war of the Rebellion. fETER BERGER, treasurer of Carroll County, was appointed to this position July 6, 1884, successor to William Ruggles. This term expired January 1, 1884, and at the fall election, that year, he was elected to fill a vacancy over his Repub- lican competitor by 800 majority, and in the fall of 1885 was re-elected for the full term without opposition. Mr. Berger has been a resident of Carroll County since the spring of 1869. At that time he settled upon a farm in Kniest Township, now owned by Phillip Heimann. He was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1844, and in the spring of 1853 his father, Adam Berger, immigrated to America and settled in Lehigh County, Penn- sylvania. In 1855 the family removed to Stephenson County, Illinois; thence to Black Hawk County, this State, in 1856. Both parents died in Kuiest Township, the father in March, 1883, and the mother December 25, 1882. They had five children. One sister died in Black Hawk County, and the rest are all living in Carroll County. Mr. Berger was married in Black Hawk County to Catharine Beierschmitt, a native of Potts- ville, Pennsylvania. They have seven chil- dren — Mary, Lizzie, Frank, Theresa, Lena, Yeronica and Willie. Two children, John and Nicholas, died at Mount Carmel, Kniest Township. Mr. and Mrs. Berger are mem- bers of the Catholic church. Mr. Berger is a popular official, and a highly esteemed citizen. EORGE WETTER, one of Carroll County's best farmers and stock-raisers, residing on section 20, Jasper Town- ship, is a native of Germany, born Septem- ber 17, 1829, a son of George and Flora Wetter, who were natives of the same coun- try. They came to America in 1845, settling in Dubuque County, Iowa, where the father died January 26, 1864. The mother died in Carroll County, July 4, 1884. Our subject was reared in his native country till sixteen years of. age, when he came with his parents to Dubuque County, Iowa, in 1845, remain- ing there until the spring of 1861. He was united in marriage in 1852 to Miss Sojmia Miller, a daughter of Charles and Catherine Miller, natives of Germany. Mrs. Wetter was born in Germany, October 27, 1833, and came with her parents to America in 1849, and was married in Dubuque County. The following children have been born to Mr. and i ■ i tvt 536 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. li I i'i Mrs. "Wetter — George, Jr., living in Carroll County; Louisa, Sophia K., Flora, Henry, Caroline (died October 8, 1882), Gustave A., Emma, Pauline and Adaline. Mr. "Wet- ter left Dubuque County for Clinton County, Iowa, where he made his home abont fifteen years. In the fall of 1876 he came with his family to Carroll County, settling on the farm where he has since resided, which con- tains 160 acres of as good land as can be found in Carroll County. It is also well adapted to stock-raising, to which he is de- voting some attention. He is one of the self-made men of the county, having landed in America a poor boy, but by persevering industry and good management he has suc- ceeded in his farming operations. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party.' Postoffice, Glidden, Iowa. > 3 t ■■■■■« ^■■■■■■■■.■■■■■■»«»«»««.'l ■■"■■■■^■■■■■■-■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ a BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 537 up the same. His first house was a rude log cabin 10 x 12 feet, covered with lumber brought from Guthrie County. The floor was laid loose ou ice. In 1867 he erected his present residence, which is 24 x 32 feet in size, and is well furnished. The farm contains 640 acres of land, and it is one of the finest farms in Glidden Township. Mr. Dickson owns 240 acres of improved land in Russell County, Kansas. He was appointed to the office of county treasurer to fill the unexpired term of James "White; has served many years as justice of the peace, and in 1869 was elected county supervisor. Politi- cally he was formerly a Democrat, but has been a Republican since 1860. He is a strong believer in the rights of the colored man, and voted to give him the right of suffrage. He is a member of the Masonic order and of the Baptist church. He and his son are extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising. He has a grove of trees, of his planting, ten acres, and an orchard of fifteen acres. Mr. and Mrs. Dickson have four children — David, who lives in Kansas; Anna E. Corcoran, of Colorado; Luella R. Merritt, of Carroll County, and Robert Y., who was born December 4, 1862, on the old homestead where he was reared. w »-»l | . i l lS »^w-w« ALEXANDER ARMSTRONG, one of the most extensive farmers and stock- raisers of Carroll County, and a promi- nent and influential citizen of Pleasant Valley Township, is a native of Ireland, born in County Fermanagh, April 16, 1838. His father, Robert Armstrong, a Scotch-Irishman of the North of Ireland, died in his native country a few years since. Alexander Arm- strong, the subject of this sketch, was reared to agricultural pursuits, remaining at home with his parents till his twentieth year. He then immigrated to America, going to Will County, Illinois, where a brother, Henry Armstrong, had preceded him. He came to America a poor boy, and is a fair example of what may be accomplished in this country by young men who will improve the oppor- tunities offered to them. For five years Mr. Armstrong worked as a farm laborer, and with the money thus earned he purchased his first eighty acres of land, and by good judgment in later investments he added to his original purchase until he owned 880 acres of Illinois' best land, and for many years he ranked among the prosperous and prominent farmers of Will County. He was united in marriage in Will County to Miss Sarah Rauworth, who was born in York- shire, England, but reared in Sheffield, England, and was a daughter of Benjamin Rauworth. She came to America with her father's family, settling in Will County, Illi- nois. In 1863 he returned to England to attend to the settling of an estate, and while there was taken sick and died. The mother of Mrs. Armstrong is also deceased, but other members of the family are prominent citizens of Will County. Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong are the parents of seven children — Alice A., Henry, Jane E., Robert B., Martha Jane, Mary Jane and William R., the three eldest being students of Wheaton College, Illinois. Mr. Armstrong left Will County for Guthrie County, Iowa, with a view to investing in real estate, but before purchasing there he was induced to come to Carroll County, when his present property being for sale, and being pleased with the country, he decided to locate here, and at once bought 1,280 acres, paying for the same $20 per acre. He has made many improve- ments on his land, including the erection of his splendid residence on section 3, at a cost ill' 2 ! s ;■ 538 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. of about $7,000, which is without doubt the finest farm residence in the county. His farm now comprises 2,960 acres, and cost about $3,000, and the entire surroundings in- dicate the culture and refinement of the owner. Both Mr. and Mrs. Armstrong are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. k^^I^hj^^w lE. DANIEL E. SHIRK, one of Carroll County's pioneers, and a prominent citi- zen of Carroll Township, where he re- sides on section 18, was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, October 12, 1820. He traces his ancestors back to the fifth gen- eration, being a descendant of Ulrich Shirk, who was born in Switzerland about 1675, who came to America about 1735. His son, Ulrich Shirk, was born in Switzerland Aug- ust 20, 1704, and married a lady named Swarr, and these were the great-grandparents of our subject. They came to America about 1735. Their son, Ulrich Shirk, was born in Pennsylvania in 1751, and was united in marriage to a lady named Eberly, the grand- mother of our subject. Our subject's par- ents were Jacob and Catharine Erb, the father being a natiye of Pennsylvania, born in 1796. The original Shirk family were Mennonites in their religious faith, and being peaceably disposed it is not probable that any of them took part in the Revolutionary war. D. E. Shirk, the subject of this sketch, was reared on his father's farm in Pennsylvania, receiv- ing but limited educational advantages in his youth. He was in poor health, and not being strong enough for farm labor he decided to study medicine, which he began under the preceptorship of Dr. George B. Kerfoot at Lancaster City, Pennsylvania. By improv- ing his leisure hours he learned to read the Greek language fluently, and also became familiar with the German and French lan- guages. He began the practice of medicine when about twenty-two years of age, which he followed in his native county until 1876. He was united in marriage in 1842 to Miss Amelia E. "Wilson, a daughter of John E. Wilson, of Lancaster County. Eight chil- dren have been born to this union — Hiester, Wilson, Oliver (deceased), Daniel, Jacob, Amelia, Catherine and Lizzie. The doctor came with his family to Iowa in 1876, and has since carried out his determination formed before coming to this State, not to practice medicine except in special and ur- gent cases, as obstetrics, etc., when he could not well refuse. His main object in coming West was to locate his sons on farms. He has lived in Carroll Township, Carroll Coun- ty, since coming to Iowa, and has been en- gaged principally in farming, in which he has met with excellent success. He settled on his present farm on section 18 in the spring of 1876, which at that time was entirely unimproved. It is now one of the best farms in his neighborhood, and contains 240 acres of choice land. The doctor is an extensive and varied reader. He has an ex- cellent memory, and having always been a student, possesses a mind well stored with knowledge. In religion he is a German Bap- tist, he and his wife having been members of that denomination for many years. M. MOORE, dealer in boots, shoes, trunks, valises, etc., south side of 01 Fifth street, Carroll, Iowa, carries a complete stock of everything in his line, valued at about $4,000, his annual sales amounting to about $12,000. He became ^■■■■■■■-■-■■■- ■ ■■-■■ ■■■■■■ ■ ■■■■■■i^^' established in his present business in 1883, and has by his fair dealing and accommodating manner built up a good trade. Mr. Moore was born in Owen County, Indiana, in 1856, a son of William and Henrietta (Worth) Moore, his father a native of Indiana and his mother of Nantucket's Island. His father died in 1867, leaving him when eleven years old the oldest of four children, and the family being in limited circumstances he was obliged to assist in its support. He has been indus- trious and energetic, and in addition to caring for the family has been prospered and now is one of the prominent business men of Carroll. He is a member of the Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias orders, and in politics is a Republican. ,o *~' H (Sr"' 3* * l « *<*»-** CHARLES JSTEIT, proprietor of the Pio- CKl neer Liquor Store at Carroll, keeps in stock a large assortment of the best liquors, sour mash whisky, and Philip Best's beer. This business was established by the present proprietor June 27, 1883. Mr. Neu is a native of Germany, born June 27, 1848, son of Phillip and Catherine (Rodesh) Neu. He , resided in his native country until he arrived at the age of eighteen years, then immigrated to America, locating in La Salle County, Illinois, where he lived some five years. He then removed to Lake Superior, Michigan, living there about two years, then went to Colorado, where he was engaged some two years in the mines. He returned to Germany, remaining about three months, then came back to La Salle County, Illinois. In 1881 he came to Carroll, where he has since resided. March 6, 1881, he was united in marriage with Mary Adelhelm, of La Salle County, and by this marriage there are three children— Phillip Charles, Caroline and 39 Hilda. Freddy is deceased. Politically Mr. Neu was formerly a Republican, but is now a Democrat. ►iwf" |j|\0]Sr. JACOB KUHN, a prominent cit- fW) ' zen °*' C arra M County, and senior mem- -5f3(f ber of the firm of Kuhn & Roush, of Manning, proprietors of the Manning Roller Flour Mills, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Allegheny County, August 31, 1844. His parents, A. and M. C. Kuhn, were both na- tives of the same State, and are yet residents of Allegheny County. Of the ten children born to them, five sons and five daughters, our subject was the fifth child and third son. He was early in life inured to the hard labor of farm life in Pennsylvania, varied only by attending school, where he made the most of his limited advantages. He remained at home until he enlisted in defense of the Union, February 13, 1864, in Battery H, Third Pennsylvania Light Artillery. His battery was attached to the Eighth Corps and oper- ated in the Valley of Virginia. The service of Mr. Kuhn ended with the close of the war, when he returned to his home in Pennsylva- nia, remaining in his native county till 1868. In that year he came to Iowa, where he made his home at Grove City, Cass County, about two years, engaged in carpentering. He was married at Atlantic City, Cass County, May 26, 1870, to Miss Minnie C. Taylor, a native of Ohio, born September 20, 1851, and they are the parents of three children — Eva M., Mary A. and Ethel. Soon after his marriage Mr. Kuhn removed to Anita, Cass County, where he engaged in contracting and build- ing. In 1877 he erected a steam flouring mill for his own use, which he operated sev- eral years. In 1882 he formed his present business relations with Mr. Roush, and that it r i El? 5 Hggggagia»s«"«!g»i! ^^^ W • 5 :i 540 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. same year erected the Manning Boiler Mills, although he did not establish his residence at that place until 1884. He now owns and oc- cupies one of the finest residences in the city. The mill building is 42 x 46 feet in size, three stories in height, and to this main building a room has been added 16 x 32 feet, and is supplied with a fifty horse-power en- gine. The mills have nine sets of rollers and two of burrs. The exchange business con- ducted here, that is giving flour for wheat, is the largest in Northwestern Iowa. Both members of the firm are live, energetic busi- ness meD, and by their united efforts have made a success of this enterprise and estab- lished a good business. Mr. Kuhn has quite large interests outside his mill property. He is a stockholder and director of the First Na- tional-Bank, the only national bank in Car- roll County. He was one of the leading Bepublicans in Cass County, and in October, 1883, he was elected to the Twentieth Iowa General Assembly from Cass County. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Bepub- lic, and is commander of McPherson Post, No. 33, of Manning. »3n£ « M. PABSONS, mayor of the city of Carroll, and the leading grain mer- ! i a chant of the town, was elected to his present office in 1886, succeeding Thomas F. Barbee. He is one of the early business men of Carroll, having located here in the spring of 1875. At that time he took a half inter- est in a grain business with J. E. Jones; this partnership continued until the death of Mr. Jones in October, 1884, since which time Mr. Parsons has conducted the business alone. The elevator now owned by him was erected by Mr. Jones in 1874. Mr. Parsons was born in New York, near the city of Bochester, in 1847. When he was six years of age, his father, John Parsons, removed with his fam- % ily to Coldwater, Michigan, where our sub- ject was reared to manhood in the nursery business, that being the occupation of his father. When nineteen years old he went to Ogle County, Illinois, and engaged in the grain business, at Creston, for an uncle, and later he purchased the elevator at that place and went into business for himself. He re- mained at Creston until he came to Carroll. Mr. Parsons is also engaged in the live-stock business. The parents of our subject had three children, two sons and a daughter. The latter, Mrs. Nellie Hunter, resided in Carroll. The father died in Michigan and the mother resides in Carroll. Mr. Parsons was married at Creston, Illinois, to Miss Emma Chamberlain, a daughter of Porter E. Chamberlain, of Eockford, Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Parsons have two children — Charles and Willis, the former born in Creston and the latter in Carroll. Politically Mr. Parsons is a Bepublican. ►4wf« IHABLES W. BABCOCK, a successful agriculturist of Carroll County, engaged in farming and stock-raising in Warren Township, was born in Kane County, Illinois, August 6, 1853, a son of Chester and Sarah (Profert) Babcock. His parents were natives of the State of New York, coming to Carroll County, Iowa, in 1884, where they still reside. They had a family of four sons, of whom Charles W. was the second. He grew to manhood on the home farm in his native county, receiving his education in the district schools of his neighborhood. He was reared a farmer and has made that the principal avocation of his life. At the age of twenty- one years he began farming his father's farm, a m„m m n^m a m m a^m m m^m^w^m „m„w^^^ ^iiflBiiims^m ^m^m'Bm 1 m m w„m m m m m m s\ ^■^■■■■■■■■■■ l » » =»i5»«S» M W M W B W M li M BJ M n » M M W«W»»_»_M_ » M ,» M IPJ Bi_M»« B ,I B,« M » _» M W M M«W : BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. i! which he continued one year. In 1860 his father moved to Clinton County, where he resided till he came to Carroll County. Charles W. Babeock was married April 12, 1877, to Miss Margaret V. Smith, a native of Iowa, horn in Jackson County March 31, 1853, a daughter of J. G. and Lucy Smith, who were born in the State of Kentucky, but are now residents of Iowa. They are the parents of four children — Arthur L., born August 6, 1878; Sadie M., March 1, 1880; Ernest S., October 12, 1882, and Clarence, August 25, 1885. Mr. Babeock has been successful in his farming and stock-raising and is now making a specialty of raising short-horn cattle. He has a large and sub- stantial residence on section 20, Warren Township, and excellent farm buildings, his residence being within a mile of Manning. He is the owner of 320 acres, 160 on sections 19, 20, 29 and 30, Warren Township, and the remainder in Audubon County, Lincoln Township. In politics he votes the Kepub- lican ticket. 541 -jsjq FOBES, farmer and stock-raiser, sec- tion 32, Jasper Township, where he has a splendid farm of 160 acres, is one of the representative citizens of Carroll County, as well as a prosperous agriculturist. Besides the farm above mentioned he owns 160 acres on section 29 and eighty acres on section 33. He is. a son of A. K. and Caro- line Fobes, who were natives of Massachu- setts, but pioneers of Ohio. They were the parents of fourteen children, our subject being the tenth child. His maternal grand- father was a soldier in the war of 1812, and died while in the service of his country. E. Fobes was born in Ohio, the date of his birth being December 25, 1845, and there he lived till ten years of age. He then immigrated with his parents to Clayton County, Iowa, where he lived until the spring of 1864. He was married November 19, 1865, to Miss Anna E. Hoon, who was born in Ohio De- cember 7, 1847, a daughter of Jacob and Hannah Hoon, early settlers of Ohio, and natives of Pennsylvania and England re- spectively. They removed from Ohio to Iowa and settled in Jones County when Mrs. Fobes was seven years of age. Six children have been born to Mi-, and Mrs. Fobes — Walter, born January 1, 1867; Nellie O, born De- cember 30, 1870; Charles W., born May 6, 1875, died July 6, 1875; Milton, born March 6, 1879, died in infancy; Ida May, born June 30, 1883, and Gilbert, born March 11, 1885, died April 14, 1885. Mr. Fobes lived in Jones County from 1864 until 1876, and in the fall of the latter year he came with his family to Carroll County, where he made his first purchase of land, consisting of 160 acres of raw prairie land. He has now one of the best improved farms in the county, with good residence and com- modious farm buildings. He has a fine barn, octagon in shape, sixty-eight feet in diameter and 224 feet in circumference, his barn being one of the finest in his township, and cost about $2,100. He came to the county in limited circumstances, and experienced many of the hardships and privations incident to life in a newly settled country, but owing to his persevering industry and indomitable will he has succeeded well in his farming operations, being now classed among the prosperous citizens of Jasper Township. In connection with his general farming he de- votes considerable attention to the raising of stock, and is making a specialty of short-horn cattle. Mr. Fobes since coming to Carroll County has held the offices of township trustee, road supervisor and school director. In poli- 'A It 4: i\ & '■■-"- 1 542 ■^■-■■■ m »i m M-W-. »,»W.W.W.a,1.IBI.M„«.ia.M.W.»,IU.«»0.1 J HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. tics he is an ardent Republican. Both he and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. »**•§**-•$•§•**>• — ■ ALFRED BEDFORD, son of Charles and Elizabeth (Knowles) Bedford, and <=#^- a member of one of the representative families of Pleasant Valley Township, was born in Yorkshire, England, December 10, 1851. He was married August 17, 1876, to Miss Charlotte J. Willey, daughter of Josiah "Willey, of Pleasant Valley Township, formerly of Grant County, Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Bedford have four children — Josiah Charles, William Alfred, Thomas Melvin and John A. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. — ~~,^4wHit»--*» — PIARLES BEDFORD, section 15, Pleasant Valley Township, is one of the early settlers of Carroll County. He is a native of the city of York, Yorkshire, England, born November 24, 1817, a son of William and Hannah (Todd) Bedford. He was reared a farmer, and also at an early age learned the trade of a bricklayer. He lived in England until 1870, when, with his wife and five childreu he came to the United States. He left his family in Illinois while he went on a prospecting tour through Mis- souri, Kansas and Iowa. Deciding to locate in Carroll County, he bought 160 acres of wild land, to which, with the help of his sons, he has added until they now own a fine tract of 720 acres, all under a high state of culti- vation, with good building improvements. Mr. Bedford was married August 4, 1843, to Elizabeth Knowles. a native of Yorkshire, England, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Colson) Knowles. Four of their children are living — William, Alfred, Mary Jane and Thomas. A son, Charles, died in Carroll County, aged thirty years. Mr. Bedford has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church since fourteen years of age, and' when a young man was licensed to preach, and has been an active and zealous worker in his church. He has always taken an interest in and has been a liberal supporter of both the cause of religion and that of education. NDREW PARK, proprietor of livery, feed and sale stable, Carroll, is located #=~ on Fourth street, one block east of the Lynch House. He keeps in stock good driving horses, and fine carriages and saddle horses. Horses are bought and sold, or ex- changed, rates reasonable, and satisfaction guaranteed. The genial proprietor was born in Scotland, August 3, 1852, son of Andrew and Sophia (Milligan) Park. When he was five years of age his parents immigrated to America and located in Delaware County, .New York, where he was reared and edu- cated. In 1869 he removed to Iowa, Linn County, where he resided until 1871, then removed to Omaha, Nebraska, where he was engaged in the smelting business until 1877. At that time he removed to Wyoming, where for four years he was in the employ of the Union Pacific Railroad Company, and assisted in laying the rails from Laramie, Wyoming, to North Platte, Nebraska, and on the Jules- burg extension from Denver Junction to La Salle, Colorado. In 1880 he removed to Fort Collins, Colorado, where he assisted in building railroads for some time. In 1881 he located at Carroll, and engaged in the business of agriculture with his brother, D. H. Park, which he continued until January, ■ ms*mBm*mBSMm*5&SMSSSMmm m mmSmMMME!eS SmMm *mMm*m*SMMMn*M**SaMS*m BI06MAPHI0AL SKETCHES. 543 1886, when he was employed as traveling salesman for Aultman, Miller & Co., of Ohio. In August he engaged in the livery business, which he has since followed, and with good success. Mr. Park is a member of Signet Lodge, No. 264, A. F. & A. M., and also of the Knights of Labor. By his courteous manners and honest dealings he has made many friends, and is receiving the liberal patronage he so richly deserves. ►jHf. lEV. H. J. HEMESATH is the second resident priest in charge of St. John's Catholic Church at Arcadia. Rev. John B. Fendrick was the first, the church prior to his coming being in charge of Fathers J. Kempker, W. Pape, J. Urbany, J. B. Fend- rick and M. C. Lenihan. Father Hemesath took charge of the church December 21, 1886, this being his first parish. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1857, and when a boy accompanied his parents to Iowa, they locating near Ossian, Winneshiek County. He was educated at St. Francis Seminary, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, St. Joseph's College, Dubuque, and the Grand Seminary at Mon- treal, Canada, where he graduated. He was ordained at Dubuque, December 8, 1886. He is a good speaker, a hard worker, and has the prospect of a bright and useful career. ' I t l i t 'fILLIAM TROWBRIDGE, the lead- ing hardware merchant of Carroll, is located on the corner of Main and Fifth streets. He established the business in 1878, under the firm name of Russell & Trowbridge. This partnership continued about three months, when the illness of Mr. Russell compelled him to retire from the business. Mr. Trowbridge then conducted it alone for a considerable length of time, but the business increased so rapidly that he felt the need of assistance, and consequently sold a half interest to Mr. I. M. Gilley, who re- tired from the firm in 1885. Since that time Mr. Trowbridge has been alone. His store is a fine brick structure, 27 x 66 feet, two stories in height, with basement. It is a part of the Gilley block. Mr. Trowbridge is one of the early settlers of Carroll, with whose interests he has been identified since 1873. He was engaged in the livery busi- ness about one year, and was then employed as clerk in the hardware store of M. A. Hoyt for two years. He clerked for Wetherell Bros, until he went into business for himself. He was born in St. Lawrence County, New York, in 1847. His father, Prosper Trow- bridge, died when he was about five years of age. The mother remarried, and the family emigrated to Black Hawk County, Iowa, in 1856. There was a large family of children, and they were in limited circumstances. William was thrown upon his own resources at the age of eleven years, leaving home at that time. By his own efforts he succeeded in providing for himself and in securing a good English education. In 1862, when the war of the Rebellion had been in progress one year, he determined to enlist, but was refused on account of his youth; but when Company C of the Thirty-second Iowa was organized at Waterloo, although he was not accepted as an enlisted soldier, he succeeded in engaging as cook for the company. He remained with this company for several months, accompanying them as far as Fort Pillow. In 1863 he returned and hired out as a farm hand, and the following winter attended school, working for his board. On the 24th of February, 1864, he succeeded in enlisting by misrepresenting his age. Soon !5!?£l!"J?g!fg!!^"" w, *i 1 '''^^ 1 L 4) )i r f i 5' ' j >? 5' i ii5 ) "5 I ?' L '■4 544 HISTOMY OF CAMBOLL OOUNTY. s N J in 1 5 II! M after enlisting he was sent to Davenport to be assigned to a regiment. Being quite small of his age, it was still a question whether he would be formally accepted. But there were a large number of soldiers at Davenport to be disposed of, and as the war advanced the authorities had become less particular as to the age and size of enlisted men, and he got through without much trouble. Having the privilege of selecting his own regiment, he preferred the one he had formerly served with, and rejoined the Thirty-second at the mouth of the Eed River, on its return from the disastrous Bed Biver campaign, under Banks. His old comrades were rejoiced to see him, and there was a glad reunion. The Thirty-second was a part of the Sixteenth Army Corps, commanded by General A. J. Smith. They immediately proceeded up the Mississippi River, and were soon under fire from the Confederate batteries along the river's bank. The division to which he belonged was landed on the Arkan- sas side of the river, and they engaged the enemy, doing considerable fighting and skirmishing. This was the first experience of Mr. Trowbridge in actual War, and it was a severe one. He had been anxious to meet the enemy, and he received ample evidence of their fighting qualities. His brigade was ordered to charge a rebel battery. A bayou was between the opposing forces, which was not seen by the Union troops till they ap- proached very near to it. The command thus being unable to approach the enemy's battery, threw themselves flat upon the ground and fought the best they could, but suffered severe loss. Mr. Trowbridge was armed with an old musket which he suc- ceeded in discharging several times, but soon found a better weapon, taking a gun from a comrade that was killed near him. He served until the close of the war. He took part in the battles of Tupelo and Oldtown Creek, against Forrest, and at the latter engagement, in July, 1864, had a narrow escape, but was uninjured, and soon after re- turned to Memphis, Tennessee. At this time St. Louis was threatened by General Sterling Price, and the Sixteenth Corps was sent to intercept him. They followed Price to Stone Biver, undergoing heavy marching, and con- tinued to follow him until they broke up his army. The corps then returned to St. Louis. At this time the election of 1864 took place, and the command stopped to vote. Mr. Trowbridge was not old enough to exercise tha right of franchise, and while the voting was going on took the opportunity to go out foraging, accompanied by another boy about his own age. They had a very narrow escape from capture by the enemy. They secured some sweet potatoes and a pair of socks from an old lady whom they interviewed. On their return they captured a hog, which they slaughtered, and loaded down with their plunder were captured by the patrol guard of our army, and taken before General Girard. They escaped with nothing more than a reprimand. At St. Louis they received new clothing and were refreshed. In December, 1864, they were sent to Nashville, joining the army of General Thomas, and taking an active part in the destruction of- Hood's army. They then returned to Eastport, Mis- sissippi, thence to Mobile and New Orleans, where they embarked on ship for Dauphin's Island, near Mobile, The Sixteenth was here pitted against Fort Blakely, and our subject participated in the charge that resulted in the capture of that fort. The war was now about coming to a close. From Fort Blake- ly the Sixteenth marched to Montgomery, Alabama. Soon after they started on this march they received the news of the assassi- nation of President Lincoln. The time of frf!?^"^"'^"""^^""^"^"^ ^^"""""^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 5i5 his regiment had expired, but Mr. Trow- bridge having enlisted as a recruit, had yet considerable time to serve, and was trans- ferred to the Eighth Iowa "Veterans. In view of his gallantry as a soldier, the men of his company, before the transfer, had elected him Corporal. There was but one vacancy of that office in the new regiment to which he was transferred, and candidates that were equally entitled to the place drew cuts to de- termine who should go home. That fortune fell upon Corporal Trowbridge, and he was soon after discharged. He returned to Black Hawk County and engaged in farming, follow- ing that occupation until he came to Carroll. He was married at Carroll to Miss Ida S. Gilley, daughter of William G-illey, and they have two children — Blanche and Emma. Mr. Trowbridge is a Republican, and a member of the Jeff. C. Davis Post, G. A. E., at Car- roll. J||ON. JOHN K. DEAL, of Carroll, the nM present State Senator from the Forty- ■sgftg eighth District, was elected to his posi- tion in the fall of 1886. He is one of the few who came to Carroll when the town first started. When the county records were removed from the old county seat, Carrollton, in 1868, Mr. Deal was county superintendent of schools, and changed his location with the change of county seat. He was born in the town of Groveland, Livingston County, New York, in 1843. His father, George Deal, removed with his family to Allen County, Indiana, settling on a farm, where he passed the remainder of his days. Our subject served about two years in the army during the great Rebellion, enlisting in July, 1862, as a member of Company C, Eighty-eighth Indiana Infantry, and making an honorable record as a soldier. Soon after the close of his service he entered Fort Wayne College, and attended and taught school for several years. He came to Carroll County in the spring of 1867, and engaged in teaching the school at Carrollton. In the fall of that year, he was elected county superintendent of schools, and served in that capacity, very satisfactorily, two years. While holding that office he conducted the first teachers' institute ever held in Carroll County. In the fall of 1868 he was elected clerk of the courts, and served four years. He then engaged in a general law, banking and real estate business, in the firm name of Griffith & Deal. After the fire in 1879 he sold out his banking interest, but continued in the real estate busi- ness. He was elected State Senator by the Republican party, and his popularity is evi- denced by the fact that he ran 500 votes ahead of his ticket in Carroll County. Mr. Deal cast his first presidental vote for Abra- ham Lincoln in 1864. He has always affiliated with the Republican party. He was married in Medina County, Ohio, to Miss Julia Gilley, a sister of William Gilley, of Carroll. They have two children — Lauren K. and Winniefred, both born in Carroll. ♦HHwHf. fACOB BRAND, of Glidden Township, is one of the pioneers of Carroll County, having settled here in 1869. He was born in Holmes County, Ohio, September 15, 1833, son of Michael and Mary Brand, natives of Germany. He resided in Ohio until eighteen years of age, when he removed to Illinois, where he engaged with Walker & Co. to drive stage. He afterward drove stage for a Western stage company in North- western Iowa for many years. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common t?""*TT"^*^!!!g^g^™^ 546 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. 1* schools. May 30, 1858, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Moore, who was born in Ireland, a daughter of Patrick and Mary (Hickson) Moore, who came to America when Mrs. Brand was a babe. In 1859 Mr. Brand engaged in driving stage at Denver, Colorado, and in 1860 he located in Dallas County, this State, and drove stage two years, and then went to Black Hawk County, where he was engaged in farming until 1869, when he came to Carroll County. He first bought eighty acres of wild land. He now owns 230 acres of good land, which is in a good state of cultivation, and well improved. He has a comfortable house, surrounded with shade trees, commodious buildings for stock, a fine orchard and a large variety of small fruits. Mr. and Mrs. Brand are the parents of ten children — Frederick, John, Anna Sny- der, Mary, Ella, Etta and Henry (twins), Edward, Salina and Jacob. Mr. Brand is. a Republican in politics, and a strong believer in the principles of that party. He has served as member of the school board, and is interested in all educational matters. He is very highly esteemed in the community where he resides. SEEDINAND MOEESHELL, junior member of the general mercantile firm o> of Moershell Brothers, of Manning, and of Walnut, Pottawattamie County, was born in Erie County, New York, the date of his birth being August 4, 1845. His parents, Conrad and Catharine Moershell, were of German birth, coming to America after their marriage. They are now living at Home- stead, Iowa, where they located in 1861. Ferdinand is the youngest of their three children. The eldest child, Henrietta, is the wife of Philip Gefaller, of Homestead, Iowa, and "William F. is the senior member of the firm of Moershell Brothers. The family are all members of the Amana Society. Ferdi- nand Moershell, whose name heads this sketch, was in the employ of Field, Leiter & Co., wholesale merchants, of Chicago, Illinois, as salesman, during 1872-'73 and 1874, and later was engaged in business at Indianapolis, Indiana, for two years. October 25, 1876, he was married at Indianapolis to Miss Annie Beard, a daughter of Solomon Beard, of that city. She was born at Richmond, Indiana, but reared principally at Indianapolis. They are the parents of two children — Robert Arthur and Floyd. In 1876 Mr. Moershell engaged in the general mercantile trade at Walnut, Iowa, and in 1878 he became asso- ciated with his brother, William F., thus forming the present firm of Moershell Brothers, the business at Walnut being still conducted under the management of his brother, where they carry stock amounting to about $10,000. Their business at Man- ning was established in 1882, and has been a very successful venture. The firm occupy a fine brick business house, and carry a stock of about $8,000, including almost everything found in a well-kept general store, the busi- ness at this point being under the supervision of Ferdinand Moershell, who is deservedly popular as a merchant and citizen. Mr. Moershell was one of the charter members of Manning Lodge, No. 122, I. O. O. F, and is its present secretary. fcEY. JOHN P. HOFFMANN is a native of Luxemburg, Germany, born in the year 1855. He was reared in his native country until about fifteen years of age, when, in 1871, he accompanied his parents to America. In January, 1878, he entered St. ■■»«»»»»i»a »li»«»»«B»»»»»iiii»»««»BaB»»» »»P«»«« BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 547 Francis College, near Milwaukee, where he remained two years. About one month after entering this institution his father died. After leaving St. Francis College he attended St. Lawrence College, Mount Calvary, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin, for a period of three years. Father Hoffman began his theo- logical studies at the Grand Seminary at Montreal, Canada, completing his course in June, 1886. and was ordained into the priest- hood by Bishop John Hennessy, of Dubuque, Iowa. He is now in charge of the Church of the Immaculate Conception, of Pleasant Valley Township, he being the first resident priest of this church. The church edifice was erected in 1883, Eev. Theodore Weg- mann attending to the spiritual wants of the congregation before Father Hoffman was ap- pointed to this church. *°*""w" ^ 1 ' ' £ " S 1 * "*" III M. GUTHEIE, of Carroll, is a mem- fjll ber of the well-known firm of Guth- - K ° rie & Bowman, general agents for the Iowa Railroad Land Company. The firm was established in 1871, the gentlemen coming from Dubuque, this State. Mr. Guthrie has been a resident of Iowa since 1853, at which time he settled in Dubuque, and was one of the prominent residents of that city. He Was born in Clare County, Ireland, in 1830, and came to America in 1848. His parents, Matthew and Sabina Guthrie, came to this country in 1852. The father died in Du- buque in 1857, and the mother is still living, at the age of eighty-eight years. Mr. Guth- rie was but eighteen years old when he came to America. In 1846-'47 he was in the em- ploy of the British Government. During the troubles in Ireland he was imprisoned for several weeks for having taken his fath- er's gun to shoot some hares. It was soon after this event that he came to America. Upon his arrival here he engaged as clerk for a firm in "Wisconsin for six months, and was then employed as foreman on the Michigan Southern Railroad while that road was being built. He was engaged in that capacity when that road entered Chicago, and it was the first railroad that entered that city from the East. Mr. Guthrie was also a contractor in the construction of the Rock Island and Illi- nois Central roads. He contracted for and built some of the principal structures of Du- buque, including the city hall, and was also a contractor for improving the streets of that city. He was treasurer of Dubuque from 1862 to 1867. He was one of the contract- ors in the construction of the Dubuque & Southwestern Road, between Farley and Cedar Rapids. The immediate cause of Mr. Guth- rie's making his home in Carroll was the fact that he and Mr. Bowman had bought of the Iowa Railroad Land Company a tr,act of land which now constitutes the township of Wheatland, in this county. They at one time owned the whole of that township, and had been here but a year when they were appointed the general land agents of that company. They have also an office in La Mars, in this State, of which Mr. Bowman has charge. Mr. Guthrie is a Democrat in politics, and has long been influential in the councils of his party. During the adminis- tration of President Buchanan, he, with ~W. H. Heath, published at Dubuque, the Worth- west, a journal devoted to the interests of the Democratic party. Mr. Guthrie and Mr. Bowman established Der Demokrat, the pres- ent German Democratic paper of Carroll. He is still president of the company and owns much of the stock. The firm of Guth- rie & Bowman do a very extensive business. They have sold all the lands belonging to the railroad in Carroll County, and much in Sac HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. and Calhoun counties ; also considerable town property. Mr. Bowman is general agent for the Iowa Falls & Sioux City Kailroad. Our subject was married in Galena, Illinois, to Miss Emma Maher, a native of Pennsylvania. They have four children — John W., born in Dubuque in 1866, now a law student; Thomas, Fred and Mary. fW. MORLAN, residing on section 3, Jasper Township, is a native of Ohio, ° born in Hancock County May 17, 1827, a son of Jacob and Sarah (Foe) Morlan, his father a native of Virginia, and his mother of Hancock County, Ohio. He was reared in Michigan, his parents removing to that State in 1828, his boyhood days being spent on his father's farm and in attending the district school. He was married in Cass County, Michigan, to Miss Murphy, who was born in Indiana, but reared in Michigan. They are the parents of three children — Emma and Lorana, born in Michigan, and Daniel, a native of Iowa. Mr. Morlan left Michigan in the spring of 1860, going thence to Kansas. He was a member of the Home Guards, and was located near Lawrence, Kansas, at the time of the burning of that town by Quantrell's band. He then returned to Michigan, where he remained about two years, and in the fall of 1865 came to Car- roll County, when he settled on section 21 of Jasper Township, at that time there being but nineteen families in the township. Mr. Morlan was reared amid pioneer scenes, his father settling in Michigan at an early day, and on coming to Carroll County he again experienced all the hardships and privations of pioneer life, but has lived to enjoy the fruits of his years of toil, and has become one of the prominent as well as much re- spected men of his township. He was the second clerk of Jasper Township, and tilled that office acceptably for six years. He has also served as secretary of the school board, school director, treasurer and road supervisor. He has met with good success in his agri- cultural pursuits, and is now the owner of 160 acres on section 3, and 160 acres on section 10, of Jasper Township. In politics he has affiliated with the Democratic party for many, years. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, an organization in which he takes much interest, and has been instru- mental in organizing four lodges in Iowa, located at Lake City, Carrollton, Carroll and Glidden, he being a member of the lodge at Glidden. IILBEET M. WINNETT, farmer and p. broom manufacturer, residing on section t- 30, Newton Township, near Dedham, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Washing- ton County, March 13, 1836, a son of Nathan and Sarah (Wallace) Winnett. His parents were also natives of the State of Pennsylva- nia, where they were reared and married, and to them were born eight children, our sub- ject being the fifth child. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, and in his youth received good educational advantages, attend- ing Barnesville Classical Institute, in Bel- mont County, Ohio, his father having removed with his family from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1843, remaining there till 1875. He then removed to Carroll County, Iowa, returning shortly afterward to Ohio, where he remained till 1879, in which year he re- turned to Carroll County, Iowa. Gilbert M. Winnett, the subject of this sketch, after completing his education, engaged in teach- ing school in Noble County, Ohio, and since M«"M-»n"«a' ■'aB«»»»."»"»"«"«*i' ■ _«.» a .«»*^l« MM . B a „M m «„ l «^„M g M SBtiil8^ "i BIOGBAPBIOAL SKET0HE8. 549 then has taught in all about forty terras. He was united in marriage April 2, 1866, to Miss Eosanna Moyena, who was born in Monroe County, Ohio, August 29, 1845, a daughter of Cornelius and Nancy A. Moy- ena, who were also natives of the same State. Six children have been born to this union — Sarah A., Nancy A., Rebecca A., Augusta M., Myrtle V. and a son, their fourth child, who died in infancy. On coming to Carroll County Mr. Winnett settled on raw prairie land, his first purchase being eighty acres, which he has since improved, and to his original purchase he has since added till he is now the owner of 445 acres of valuable land, the < result of persevering energy and good management. Mr. Winnett was a sol- dier in the war of the Rebellion, enlisting in Company C, Ninth Ohio Cavalry, under Captain W. S. Winnett, and was with Sher- man on his march to the sea. He was mus- tered out at Camp Chase, Ohio, in August, 1865, receiving his final discharge in Sep- tember, 1865. Both Mr. and Mrs. Winnett are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he affiliates With the Re- publican party. RATON C. COLCLO, postmaster at Carroll, was appointed to that position by President Cleveland, June 11, 1885, during the recess of the Senate. His appoint- ment was confirmed by that body February 12, 1886. He succeeded Eugene R. Hast- ings. Mr. Golclo is a representative of one of the early pioneer families of Carroll Coun- ty. His father, James H. Colclo, one of the well-known pioneers of the county, settled in what is now Union Township in 1856, locat- ing upon a farm, where he resided until 1865, when the family removed to Carroll. The father erected the first hotel in that city. Previous to the advent of the railroads he was for some time engaged in carrying the mail between Panora and Sioux City, and also carrying passengers. In 1870 he was elected sheriff of Carroll County, and was identified with the interests of the county until his death, which occurred in January, 1884. He was a native of Ohio. His wife, who survives him, was formerly Miss Han- nah J. Cretsinger, a native of Virginia. There are five surviving children, our subject being the eldest. The others are Mrs. Anna Sleigerwalt, Mrs. Alice E. Engleman, Jennie and Elora, the two latter being teachers in the public schools at Carroll. C. C. Colclo was born in Ohio in 1852, and when he was one and a half years of age his parents re- moved to Madison County, Iowa, and two years later to this county. In 1870 he graduated at the Iowa State Agricultural College, and his sister Jennie graduated at the same institution in 1880. After his gradu- ation Mr. Colclo followed teaching until the fall of 1881, when he was elected county superintendent of schools, and re-elected in the fall of 1883. He resigned that position in 1885 to enter upon the duties of postmas- ter. Mr. Colclo was a successful teacher, an efficient superintendent, and is discharging his present duties in an acceptable manner. Politically he is a Democrat. •**• [MANUEL M. FUNK, postmaster, Man- ning, Iowa, has been identified with the city since its birth. He erected one of the first business buildings, and opened a stock of clothing and furnishing goods Oc- tober 1, 1881, continuing the business under the firm name of E. M. Funk & Co. until September 1, 1885, when he was commis- r « 5 1 : n - . ^;"^^ = g^^f^s-^"»"""» M - M " M " g is»^ 550 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. sioned postmaster, assuming his duties Octo- ber 1, following. Mr. Funk was born in Ogle County, Illinois, July 20, 1851, a son of Michael and Adeline (Newcomber) Funk, his father a native of Maryland, and his mother of "Virginia. His parents now live in the village of Deep River, Poweshiek County, Iowa, where they were among the first settlers. "When he was twenty years of age he began teaching school, following that vocation two years, when he engaged in mer- chandising at Dresden, Iowa, leaving there in 1878 to become a pioneer merchant of Audubon, Iowa, coming thence to Manning. He was married at Dresden March 16, 1876, to Addie L. Walters, a na- tive of Scott County, Iowa, born June 4, 1856, daughter of Philip "Walters. They have three children — Charles Erwin, Minnie C. and Grace A. Mr. Funk is a member of Manning Lodge, No. 122, I. O. O. F., and of the Ancient Order of United "Workmen. In politics he is a Democrat. He has served three years as a member of the city council and three years on the school board. tSAAC MOHLEE is the oldest settler of Grant Township, where he still resides on ^ section 16, the date of his settlement being April, 1869. He purchased his land, half of section 16, in 1867, which was of course entirely unimproved, and at that time Carroll had only commenced to be settled. "When he settled on his land in 1869, his nearest neighbors were at Carroll, and in his pioneer home he experienced many of the privations and hardships which usually fall to the lot of early settlers in a new country. Mr. Mohler is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Cumberland County in 1827. "When quite young he was taken by his parents, John and Susan Mohler, to Ohio, they locating in "Wayne County among the early settlers, set- tling on a partially improved farm, and later removed with their family to Medina County, Ohio, where his father died in May, 1860. The mother is still living in Medina County. Six sons and six daughters were born to the parents, of whom our subject was the eldest son and second child. He remained under the home roof until attaining his majority, when he worked for a time at carpentering and farming. In June, 1854j he engaged to drive a team to Iowa for a man named John Hurst. He came with Mr. Hurst as far as Lisbon, in Linn County, where he stopped for awhile work- ing at his trade. In December of the same year he returned to Ohio, coming again to Iowa the following spring. May 15, 1855, he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Jane Barclay, who was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 1836, a daughter of John and Eleanor Barclay. "When she was eight years old her mother died, and soon after, in September, 1845, the father emigrated to Ohio with five of his six chil- dren, the youngest, a babe, being left in the care of its maternal grandfather. Mrs. Moh- ler was the second child, the eldest, a son, being eleven years old when they removed to Ohio. The Barclay family lived in Ohio eight years, when, in 1853, they came to Linn County, Iowa, and three years later located in Cedar County, where the father still lives at the advanced age of eighty years. His children are all yet living with the exception of the second son, who lost his life in the army during the war of the Rebellion. Mr. Barclay was married a second time while living in Ohio, and had several children by his second wife. Of the seven children born to Mr. and Mrs. Mohler five are living — Mary E., wife of Philip Beechel; John B. ; Cyrus Millard; Jessie, wife of John "Was- .m m m m K, m m x ,M Ml ui w ,w m < m m *> m m„a m a m a, m u m *^M J ■■»»»■' jmsSSSMSSSSSSOSiSSSSSSMMBmMSSISSaSSJSSSSSESm ■■»■■»"«»« »»■ |9in1nBBV| ms*5£**i BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 551 mund, and Charles K. Two daughters, Fan- nie E. and Eugenia E., died of diphtheria in .November, 1880, aged respectively eight and six years. Mrs. Mohler is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically Mr. Mohler is a Republican, having been identi- fied with that party since its organization. No man has been more prominently identi- fied with the history of Grant Township than Mr. Mohler. He organized the township and gave it the name it still bears, in honor of the illustrious General. He has held most of the township offices, and has always taken an active interest in any enterprise of public benefit. AUGUST STAAK, proprietor of Staak's wholesale liquor store, at Carroll, and local agent of the German Insurance Company, of Freeport, Illinois, was born in Buelkow, Mecklenburg, Schwerein, Germany, April 4, 1844, fifth son of William Staak. He immigrated to America in 1861, starting the 18th day of April. His first location was at Northfield, Cook County, Illinois, where he lived four and a half months, then enlisted, October 23, 1861, in Company G, Fifty- seventh Illinois Infantry, his regiment being attached to the Second Division of the Six- teenth Army Corps, He participated in the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, battle of Corinth, Town Creek, Resaca, Kingston, Home, Allatoona Pass, Atlanta (then was transferred to the Fifteenth Army Corps and the Fourth Division), Savan- nah andBentonville,andin all the engagements of General Sherman on his march to the sea. He was honorably mustered out July 7, 1865, at Louisville, Kentucky, and received his final discharge and pay at Chicago, Illi- nois, July 14, 1865. He then settled in Utica, La Salle County, Illinois, where he lived two years. In the fall of 1866 he lost his right leg while working with a threshing machine. In 1867 he located in Iroquois County, Illinois, where he was engaged in the liquor trade for several years, and in 1875 came to Carroll, where he has since resided. He was for some time engaged in the insur- ance and collection business, and in 1883 opened a meat market, which he sold in May, 1884. In the fall of 1886 he embarked in his present business. Politically he is a Democrat, and was a delegate to the State Convention in 1882. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, having joined that organization in 1867, and has served in most of the offices of the post; was quarter- master for three years, and is its present commander. He was a delegate to the State Encampments, at Des Moines, in 1883; Marshalltown, 1884, and at Sioux City, 1886. He was married December 28, 1867, to Miss Mary C. Collison, of La Salle County, Illinois, and they have had eleven children, six of whom are living — William, Clara, Sarah, Frank, John and Joseph. EORGE STOKES, although not one of the old settlers, is classed among her prominent and influential citizens, and takes an active interest in any enterprise which tends toward the advancement of Carroll County. Mr. Stokes is a native of England, born September 5, 1844, and there he was reared and educated. He was married in England, to Miss Jane Bugg, a native of England, and a daughter of Robert and Martha Bugg, her marriage taking place November 7, 1866. Mr. and Mrs. Stokes are the parents of seven children — Charles, Ada, William, George, Agnes, Minnie and I«SM5M5M5n=K"5™ ■■■■■■■■■■■■.i.^i !«*ii"i1«i M M-i.»- H. « .i.j. wamK HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. "Walter. Mr. Stokes immigrated to America with his family in March, 1874, locating first in Illinois, where he resided about three years. He then came to Carroll County, Iowa, settling in Carroll Township, thence to Jasper Township, where he has since made his home. Mr. Stokes came to America in limited cir- cumstances, and in spite of reverses he has, by his persevering energy and indomitable will, acquired a good property, and is now living surrounded by all the necessary comforts of life. Beside his home on section 4, he also owns eighty acres of Carroll County's best land, located on section 9, Jasper Town- ship. He devotes some attention to stock- raising, in which enterprise he is meeting with success. ►3MJ-. J. GABEL, superintendent of schools of Carroll County, is a native of Scott ; a County, Iowa, born in Le Claire in 1859, a son of Joseph Gabel, who settled in that county in the year 1849. H. J. Gabel was educated in the schools of Le Claire, and in the fall of 1876 began teaching. In the spring of 1880 he entered the Iowa State Agricultural College, and graduated in the class of 1882, completing the full course in three years. In March, 1883, he took charge of the schools of Arcadia as principal, and continued in that position until the summer of 1884, when he resigned and embarked in the mercantile business, becoming a member of the firm of Hoch & Gabel, one of the leading business firms of Arcadia. They keep a full general stock of goods, and also deal extensively in grain, owning two elevators. In the fall of 1885 Mr. Gabel was elected, on the Republican ticket, county superintendent of schools, defeating his opponent, M. J. Heires, by 499 votes. He is a thoroughly educated gentleman, and was a successful instructor, and now makes a valuable super- intendent, serving his county faithfully. He married Miss H. Hainer, daughter of Ignace Hainer, a prominent Hungarian settler of New Buda Township, Decatur County, Iowa. «ol ml) ■ » 3 * * S * V" <0> fOE. J. FUERTH, wholesale dealer in wines, liquors and beer, at Carroll City, was born in Austria October 28, 1856. He came to America in 1877, first locating in New York City, where he resided four years. He then removed to Rock Island, Illinois, and traveled three years for a promi- nent firm of that city as a salesman. In Jan- uary, 1886, he located at Carroll, and has one of the leading houses in "Western Iowa, carrying a large variety of the choicest liquors. He employs two traveling salesmen, and does an extensive business. Mr. Fuerth is a member of the Odd Fellows order, also of the Knights of Pythias. fULIUS W. GARDNER, the first perma- nent settler of "Warren Township, Car- roll County, resides on section 16. He came to Carroll County in the autumn of 1874 from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, accompanied by his brother John H. His brother bought the northwest quarter of the same section, on which he lived about four years, when he moved to Arcadia, and from there a year later to Audubon. In 1884 he moved to Southwestern Dakota, where he now lives. Julius "W. Gardner was born in Kane County, Illinois, September 1, 1842, a son of "William P. and Amanda Gardner, his father a native of New York, and his mother of Pennsyl- vania. His father was a pioneer of Kane J? ;s „ B » m «„ « M IH M M W: l« M B » i^, ro lg.K"'^"^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 553 County, Illinois, and in 1846 went from there to Fort Winnebago, on the Upper Wisconsin River, near the present site of Portage City. He *and his family followed an Indian trail to Big Bull Falls, about 125 miles, through a wilderness. He lived there about two years and then moved to Sheboygan, Wisconsin, and a short time later returned to Kane County. In 1850 he became one of the first settlers of Linn County, Iowa, and improved a farm near Cedar Rapids, where he lived until 1881, when he located in Manning. Although seventy years of age, and notwith- standing the hardships and trials of pioneer life in three States, he is still an active busi- ness man. In July, 1861, Julius W. Gard- ner enlisted in the defense of the Union, and was assigned to Company D, Eighth Iowa Infantry. His baptism of fire was received at Shiloh, where he was a member of General Prentiss' division. He was wounded three times in that battle, in the right wrist, the left arm and right knee. He was captured, but being wounded was left on the ground by the rebels and recovered the next day. After a short hospital experience he was sent home, and the following August had recov- ered sufficiently to rejoin his regiment, then stationed at St. Louis, Missouri. On account of his wounds he was unfitted for field duty, and was detailed on guard and recruiting duty, and served until January, 1863, when he was honorably discharged and placed on the pension roll. The year following he spent at Aurora, Illinois, attending school, still unable to walk without crutches. He was married at Cedar Rapids September 13, 1864, to Miss Jennie Ross, daughter of Hiram and Mary Ross, who settled in Linn County in 1863, coming from Bradford County, Pennsylvania, where Mrs. Gardner was born December 6, 1844. Her father is deceased, and her mother now lives in Sioux County, Iowa, with her son George. Mr. and Mrs. Gardner have five children — Flora E., Fred H., Mary A., Ross J. and Bert R. Mr. Gardner is proprietor of four different " Gardner Additions " to Manning. He has platted these, ninety-five acres in all. His homestead, adjoining the city plat on the east, is 200 acres. In addition to his Man- ning property he owns a fine farm of 200 acres in Audubon County. Mr. Gardner is one of the representative citizens of his township, and an influential, public-spir- ited man. He is a member of McPherson Post, G. A. R., at Manning. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. »3 * ' £ « G. TREGLOAN, section 32, Carroll Township, is a native of England, and was brought to America by his parents when an infant. His father, James D. Tregloan, was a pioneer of Jo Daviess County, Illinois, and was engaged for a num- ber of years in smelting near Galena, where he was living at the time of his death. Our subject was one of a family of nine children, seven of whom are living. He was reared on a farm, and also when a boy with his brothers assisted his father at the smelting works. In August, 1861, he enlisted in the defense of the Union in the First Missouri Cavalry, and served three years in Missouri and Arkansas. He participated in the battles at Springfield and Pea Ridge, and took part in the pursuit after General Price, and the battles attending that pursuit. His regiment did good scouting duty, and took part in many severe battles and skirmishes, and dis- tinguished themselves by capturing the rebel General Jeff. Thompson. After the expira- tion of his term of service he returned home, and in the spring of 1865 enlisted in the 'Mt 554 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. Seventh Illinois Cavalry, and was appointed Corporal. His entire service extended over a period of four years, and he was never wounded, although as a result of exposure and hardship . his health became seriously impaired. Mr. Tregloan was married in Hazel Green, Wisconsin, to Sarah Williams, daughter of Nicholas and Mary Williams, natives of England, but early settlers of Grant County, Wisconsin, where they still live. Mr. and Mrs. Tregloan have five chil- dren — Llewellyn L., William W., Hannah Maud, Nicholas and James P. In 1869 Mr. Tregloan came to Iowa and bought the north- east quarter of section 32, Carroll Township, of J. Work, and in 1872 built a frame house and moved his family to their new home. When he bought his land it was unimproved, but now he has a fine farm of 360 acres, and in 1886 built a new residence. In politics Mr. Tregloan is a Republican. He is a member of Jeff. C. Davis Post, G. A. E. *°*"" K *fr 1 ' 3 * ' £ i *|^ it -*°* glCHAEL SCHMICH, a prominent farmer of Carroll Township, residing on section 1, is a native of Erie County, New York, born in 1841, of German descent. In 1852 his father removed with his family to Stephenson County, Illinois, settling about four miles from the city of Freeport. Here our subject was reared on his father's farm, and has always followed the avocation of a farmer, which he learned in his youth. His father, John Schmich, was born in Alsace, now a province of Germany, where he grew to manhood, and was married to Anna Maria Bauer. They came to Amer- ica about the year 1839, locating in Erie County, New York, where they made their home till coming to Illinois. The father re- tired from farming about 1877, and is now living in Freeport, Illinois. They were the parents of eleven children, the eldest child being a native of Germany, and dying after coming to America, in childhood. Five sons and five daughters were born in America, and of these our subject was the eldest child. He was united in marriage in Stephenson County, Illinois, in 1866, to Miss Louisa Dabel, a native of Germany. Five children have been born to this union — George A., Charles L., Maria M., Frank J. and Edward M. Mrs. Schmich was born in Prussia, Jan- uary 30, 1847, her father dying of cholera when she was a child. When about twelve years old she was brought by her mother to America, when they settled in Freeport, Illi- nois. The mother now makes her home in Grundy County, Iowa. She has been twice married, and by her first marriage had three children, of whom only one survives, a daugh- ter, living in Grundy County. Mrs. Schmich is the only child of her second marriage. In 1869, when the subject of this sketch first came to Iowa and purchased land, he was accompanied by his father, who bought the northeast quarter of section 1, in Carroll Township, adjoining the land of his son on the north, and in 1875 the improvement of this place was commenced by George Schmich, a younger brother of our subject. George Schmich lived here about three years, when he returned to Illinois. Michael Schmich is now the only member of his father's family residing in Carroll County. He settled on the farm purchased in 1869, in March, 1877, which he had begun to im- prove the year before. The land was entirely unimproved when purchased by Mr. Schmich, but by his persevering industry he has brought it under good cultivation. His farm consists of 160 acres of land, and com- prises the southeast quarter of section 1. His buildings are commodious as well as BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 555 substantial, he having expended about $1,200 in erecting his commodious residence, barns and other farm buildings, and he is recognized as one of Carroll Township's progressive and enterprising agriculturists. In politics Mr. Schmich affiliates with the Democratic party. » g n ; » [AMUEL BINGHAM, a prominent citi- zen of Carroll County, and prosperous agriculturist of Warren Township, where he is engaged in farming and stock- feeding, is a native of Belfast, Ireland, born June 15, 1832. His parents, John and Mar- garet Bingham, were natives of the same country, where they were reared and married, and to them were born nine children, Samuel being the youngest child. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to learn the car- penter's trade. He sailed for America from Liverpool, England, in 1849, landing at New York City June 24. He remained in that city till attaining the age of twenty-three years, working at the carpenter's trade as a journeyman. From New York he went to Illinois, settling at Avon, Fulton County, where he followed his trade till 1874. He then came to Iowa, and after residing in Madison County for one year he came to Car- roll County, settling on his present farm, which he has changed from raw prairie into one of the best improved farms in the county. His large, substantial residence is built in modern style, and his farm buildings are noticeably good, and on his land is a fine na- tive grove of eleven acres. Mr. Bingham is a thorough, practical man, and by his industry and excellent management he has acquired his present fine property, being now the owner of 204 acres on section 30, 240 acres on section 32, and 120 acres on section 29 of "Warren Township, Carroll County, besides a 40 farm of eighty acres in Audubon County, making a total of 644 acres. Mr. Bingham was married November 7, 1859, to Miss Jane A. Callison, a native of Illinois, born in Ver- million County, July 9, 1841, her parents, Isaac and Huldah Callison, being natives of Yirginia. To Mr. and Mrs. Bingham have been born eleven children — George H., Isaac O., Anna B., Huldah J., Mary F., Maggie M., Samuel C, John E., David H., Oliver C. and Maud S. In connection with his general farming Mr. Bingham is making a specialty of raising Hereford cattle, in which he is meeting with success. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. L. HOFF, proprietor of HofPs Art Studios, of Carroll City, was born Q ' in Ashland County, Ohio, July 11, 1854. His parents, George and Mary (Berg) Hoff, reared a family of five children, our subject being the second child. "When three months old his parents removed to Lagrange County, Indiana, where he was reared and educated. In 1872 he began the study of the art of photography, which profession he fol- lowed in Lagrange until -1887, when he removed to Angola, Steuben County, remain- ing there two years; then sold out to his brother, John B., and came to Iowa in 1879, locating in Dunlap, Harrison County, where he conducted a very successful business until 1885, when he sold out and came to Carroll County, locating in Carroll City, where he has a fine establishment, on Fifth street, and his work is considered by all competent judges to be the best made in Northwest Iowa. He was married October 22, 1875, to Miss Flora R. "Waitly, of Mongo, Indiana, eldest daugh- ter of C. H. and Rosella "Waitly. To this union four children have been born — Archie I n :g«ig! l 5g g P » " M " M " M "-" M m M ,« B M5n^ ^ 356 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. s C, Edwin C, Ira G. and Herbert "W. (de- ceased). Mr. Hoff has always been an earn- est worker and a close student in his business and stands at the head of his profession, and by honest dealing has secured the confidence of all. F. SOAT, the junior partner of the firm of Bicke & Soat, was born in Jo ^S(f® Daviess County, Illinois, July 26, 1863, son of Bernard and Catherine Soat. He was reared in his native county, and graduated at Bayliss College, September 17, 1885, and came to Breda that same year. The firm of Bicke & Soat, dealers in hard- ware and agricultural implements at Breda, is one of the leading business firms in that town. They carry a stock of about $5,000, with annnal sales amounting to $12,000. This business firm was established in Octo- ber, 1885, succeeding H. Olerich, Sr., who had been in business here for several years. It was first established by Richard Bicke and H. Olerich, and was the first hardware store in Breda. F. COUCH, an enterprising farmer and stock-raiser of Jasper Township, re- ° siding on section 19, is a native of Illinois, born November 7, 1855, a son of B. C. and Martha Couch, who were natives of New Hampshire. C. F. Couch, the subject of this sketch, lived with his parents till seven years of age, when he went to live with an uncle, remaining with him till attaining the age of twenty years. He then began farming on his own account, which he fol- lowed in Illinois until coming to Carroll County in January, 1882. He was married in Illinois to, Miss Jennie Shreves, a daugh- ter of Gr. "W. and Isabell Shreves, who were natives of Pennsylvania, but early settlers in Illinois. Mrs. Couch was born in the State of Illinois, May 1, 1857. To Mr. and Mrs. Couch has been born one child, Herbert B., the date of his birth being February 5, 1885. "When he came to Carroll County Mr. Couch purchased 160 acres of raw prairie land, which he has since irdproved and cultivated, making it one of the best farms in Carroll County. Mr. Couch has met with excellent success in his agricultural pursuits, and now owns besides his home farm of 160 acres eighty acres on section 20 and forty acres on section 17 of Jasper Township. In politics Mr. Couch affiliates with the Bepublican party. gD. F. RICHMANN, proprietor of Car- roll's Cigar Factory, No. 194, Third Dis- trict of Iowa, is a native of Schleswig, Germany, born December 23, 1861, a son of Frederick and Lena (Speck) Bichmann. The family immigrated to America in 1868, and settled at Davenport, Iowa, and there our subject was reared and educated. At the age of fourteen he began serving an appren- ticeship in a cigar factory, where he learned all the details of the business. In May, 1884, he started a cigar factory at Ida Grove, Iowa, No. 178, Third District of Iowa, in company with Frank Degen, with whom he was associated until July, 1885, when he sold his interests in the business. He then came to Carroll, and in August of the same year he established his present business, which is located on the corner of Fifth and Maine streets. He does quite an extensive business, and manufactures 200,000 cigars per annum. Three men are constantly employed, Mr. Richmann attending to the office work and S £^^^^^ ^ „ a ,»J£T..S»iIJ^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. fi acting as traveling salesman for the establish- ment. He is an active and enterprising business man, and under his skillful manage- ment the factory is in a flourishing condition. January 20, 1887, he was united in marriage to Miss Augusta Molkenthin, of Carroll Coun- ty, Iowa. lot m ix » % | < g « j frli «a> ISAAC N. GRIFFITH, retired merchant, is f\ one of the pioneers of Carroll, and has ■^r been identified with the interests of the town since 1869. He was born in West Virginia March 3, 1813. His father, John Griffith, was also a native of Yifginia, and of Welsh ancestry; he served in the war of 1812. His mother, Hannah (Thornburg) Griffith, was reared a Quaker near Winches- ter, Virginia. The parents reared eight chil- dren, four sons and four daughters. Isaac was the seventh child and youngest son. His father died when he was two years old. He remained at home on the farm until he was twelve years of age, at which time the mother and children removed to Greene County, Ohio, and our subject went to learn the trade of tanner and currier and shoemaking, which he followed many years. He married Miss Paulina Johnston, a native of Virginia, who had been reared a Quaker. Her parents were Pleasant and Nancy Johnston. Mr. and Mrs. Griffith have had six children — Han- nah Ann, Benjamin T., John H., J. E., Eli P. and Helen E. Mr. Griffith remained in Greene County until he came to Iowa. He first located in Henry County, near Mount Pleasant, where he lived until 1849, then re- moved to Mahaska County, where he im- proved a farm of 160 acres. Mrs. Griffith died December 30, 1850. For his second wife Mr. Griffith married Miss Cordelia Law- rence, a native of Chautauqua County, New York, and daughter of Jonathan and Charity (Hathaway) Lawrence, natives of Massachu- setts. In 1852 Mr. Griffith removed to Marshall County, this State, where he pur- chased a saw and grist-mill. While here his wife made the first bolt of cloth used in a mill in Marshall County. After operating the mill two or three years, he removed to Poweshiek County, where he followed the mercantile trade until 1869, when he came to Carroll, as previously stated. He sold the first dry goods that were sold in the town. He had a large trade, his customers coming from Carroll, Sac, Crawford and Calhoun counties. He bought large quantities of furs one season, about $10,000 worth. In 1883 he retired from active business. He says language would fail to depict the trials, hard- ships and good times the early settlers had. To his second marriage have been born two children — Ella and Isaac N. Politically he is a Democrat and a strong Prohibitionist. He is a member of the Masonic order, Signet Lodge, No. 264. H. RIOKE, senior member of the firm of Ricke & Soat, is a native of Ger- many, where he was born in 1854, son of John B. and Mary Ricke. When he was three years of age his parents came to the United States, locating in Jo Daviess County, Illinois, where he was reared and educated. In 1870 he came to Carroll Coun- ty, and lived with his brother Richard until 1877, when he went to California and lived there about six years. While in that State he was engaged in farming about two years, and for four years was employed as conductor on a street car in San Francisco. In 1883 he came back to Carroll County for a short time, then returned to Jo Daviess County i ■ t t t t i I i iFi'l { 558 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. and remained two years. May 19, 1885, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Ann Soat, of that county, and again returned to this county. He first went into the grain business with his brother Richard, and con- tinued in that business until he engaged in his present business. ""-"' I » 3"S * | '*~'" ylpONKAD GEISELHAET, of Union Township, is one of the early pioneers of Carroll County, he having settled here in the woods in 1855. He is a native of Germany, born November 10, 1822, a son of Joseph and Julia G-eiselhart. He was reared in his native country, where he at- tended school until fourteen years of age. He then worked at the stonemason and plas- terer's trade for four years. In 1841 he came to America, first locating at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he worked at his trade, and some time later removed to Lisbon, Co- lumbiana County, Ohio. He was united in marriage in 1846 to Miss Nancy Butts, a na- tive of Columbiana County, who died March 15, 1884, leaving at her death six children — John, Maggie, Ella, Ida, Frank and Ira. In 1851 Mr. Geiselhart returned with his family to Pennsylvania, locating in Mercer County, and one year later located at Pittsburg, where he remained until 1855. He then came West via the Ohio River, then up the Mississippi River, thence to Keokuk, and from there to Des Moines, Iowa. His first location in Iowa was where Coon Rapids is now situated, and some time later he removed about six miles to the west, on Brushy Creek. In 1858 he located on his present farm, where he first built a log cabin, 14 x 18 feet, and here he experienced many of the hard- ships and privations incident to pioneer life. He has improved his farm from a state of nature and brought it under a fine state of cultivation, and his log cabin of pioneer days has given place to his present good frame residence, and the rude sheds to a fine barn and other comfortable out-buildings. He is a thorough, practical farmer, as the surround- ings of his farm well indicate. His farm contains 170 acres of as good land as can be found in the county, and is located one and a half miles from Coon Rapids. He has also a fine orchard which covers two acres. In his political views Mr. Geiselhart affiliates with the Democratic party. Since becoming a resident of Carroll County he has filled most of the township offices, serving with credit to himself and to the best interests of his township. «el m l' ' ft I t < g P-^frli iai R. THOMAS ELWOOD, one of the most prominent men of Glidden, and an old pioneer physician of Carroll County, is a native of New York City, born in September, 1834. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company C, Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry, and was appointed hospital steward. He was in the army until August, 1865, when he received an honorable discharge. The same year he was married to Miss N. J. Beal, of Dallas County, Iowa, and two chil- dren have been born to this union — Laura and Ephai. Dr. Elwood came to Carroll County, Iowa, in 1865, when he located at old Carrolltown, and here he experienced many of the hardships and privations inci- dent to pioneer life. He would frequently ride on horseback, thirty or forty miles, to visit patients, and in the early days his prac- tice extended into Greene, Calhoun, Guthrie, Sac and Carroll counties. The doctor came to Glidden in 1873, where he has since re- sided, and has established a large practice, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 559 and has gained the respect and confidence of all who know him. He is a public spirited and enterprising citizen, and has held the office of county judge, and for one term held the office of county auditor, serving with credit to himself and to the best interests of his county. In politics he casts his suffrage with the Republican party. He is a member of the Masonic lodge and chapter at Glidden. fLERY L. PATTON, the leading grain dealer ' of Manning, established his residence and business at this place in 1882, taking in his first load of grain Septem- ber 1 of that year. He now owns and oper- ates a steam elevator which has a capacity of 20,000 bushels. He is handling on an average about 300 cars of grain per annum. He is also engaged in the live-stock business. Mr. Pattou dates his birth March 24, 1836, in Wayne County, Indiana, his parents, George and Magdalena Patton, being natives of Ohio and Pennsylvania respectively. He was reared principally in Carroll County, Indiana, coming thence to Iowa in 1855, locating with his parents in Marshall County, who were pioneers of that county. In 1869 he began dealing in lumber and live-stock in Albion, that county, and later engaged in the grain trade, which* he followed at Albion till he came to Carroll County. He also owns a fine farm, loca ed two and a half miles from Albion, which he occupied until the opening of the Iowa Central Railroad led him to engage in more active business at Albion. The engine and elevator now used by him was brought from that point. November 29, 1860, he was married to Miss Zilpha Elmira Rosseau, who was born in the State of Indi- ana in 1840. Of their children, the first born, Reuben, died aged one year; Clara Belle is the wife of H. "W. Reed, and Dwight, W., Blanche and Lulu are living at home. Mr. Patton is one of Manning's leading men, public spirited, and liberal toward any enter- prise which he deems for the advancement of his town or county. He has been a member of the council since the first city election, and since the organization of the Union Fair and Driving Park Association he has held the position of president, and to his individual efforts the success of that enterprise can be' largely attributed. He is a prominent and influential member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to Manual Lodge, No. 450, of which he was a charter member, and is also a member of Signet Chapter, No. 34, and St. Aldemar Commandery, No. 30, at Marshall- town, Iowa. He has always voted the Republican ticket since casting his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. He owns and occupies one of the finest residences in the city, situated at the corner of Second and Ann streets. -°«- » i |.3n;.gi« ).. fOHN BOYCE resides on section 5, Pleasant Valley Township, where he owns 210 acres of land, 130 acres being on section 5 and eighty acres on section 4. The 130 acres were purchased of the Iowa Railroad Land Company by Mr. Quint, who began to improve the place. Mr. Boyce was born in Berrien County, Michigan, April 27, 1863. His parents were John H. and Lydia (Pennell) Boyce, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of the State of New York. They removed to Michigan early in life, where they were married, and where the father died when his son was seven years of age. April 6, 1873, the mother married Bryce M. Quint, and in October, 1875, the family came to Carroll County. Mr. Quint r»» ■»«»■»>.>« " BB BK BB SB BB___BB H »M M «' l » a m 1 *«—igi —n"^ ■■« ■»»■ 560 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. purchased the farm now owned by Mr. Boyce, as before stated. Later, Mr. Quint removed to Carroll City, where he died July 28, 1883. December 22, 1886, Mrs. Quint married Mr. Josiah "Willey, of this township. The parents of our subject had five children, four of whom died when quite young, Mr. Boyce being the only one living. He was married December 22, 1886, to Lulu "Willey, daughter of Thomas "Willey, of Pleasant Valley Town- ship. Mr. Boyce is one of the intelligent and enterprising young men of his township. *3nh H. BRUNING, the present recorder of Carroll County, was elected to that position in the fall of 1886, to succeed John P. Hess. He was elected by the Demo- cratic party, with which he affiliates. The opposing candidate was Charles Heitz, Mr. Bruning receiving a majority of 129 votes. Mr. Bruning was born in Grant County, Wisconsin, in 1858, son of C. Bruning, a prominent citizen of Breda. He was edu- cated in the schools of Jo Daviess County, Illinois, and reared a farmer. Previous to his election he was engaged in business at Breda. He married Miss Amelia Gnam, daughter of A. L. Gnam, a native of Illinois. He was mayor of Breda, Carroll County, Iowa, in 1886. ►^Wf* 1 fAMES W. HOBBS, one of the pioneers of Carroll County, and a prosperous agriculturist of Jasper Township, was born in Greene County, Ohio, November 2, 1837, a son of "William and Sarah (Chalk) Hobbs, who were natives of Virginia and Ohio respectively. They were the parents of twelve children, seven sons and five daughters, our subject being the ninth child: In early life he learned habits of industry and self-reliance, which have been of lasting benefit to him. "When quite young he was obliged to maintain himself, and left his home for the home of a Mr. Thornburg, with whom he lived for four years. At the age of nineteen years he began working by the month, which he followed five years. Mr. Hobbs has been three times married, the maiden name of his first wife being Matilda Smith, and for his second wife he married Nancy J. Pucket. For his third wife he married Miss Sarah English, and to this union have been born two children — Charles Blaine and John "William. By his first marriage he had two children — Oscar, who died in infancy, and Erastus L., living in "Western Nebraska on a farm of his own. By his second mar- riage he had four children — Ada J., Elias Grant, Clara Bell and James F. In 1864 Mr. Hobbs immigrated to Carroll County, Iowa, when he settled on the farm where he has since made his home, then being in a state of nature. The first years spent in Carroll County he was engaged" in farming, clearing and improving his land during the summer months, and in the winter seasons trapping and hunting. His milling was done at Oxenford's mill, in Calhoun County, and his trading was done principally at Boone. By industry and good management he has met with success in his agricultural pursuits, and accumulated his present fine property, which'consists of 572 acres of rich bottom land well watered by Coon River, 240 acres being on section 8, Jasper Township. In connection with his general farming he is engaged in stock-raising, and is making a specialty of short-horn cattle. He has a good substantial residence, and one of the largest barns in Carroll County, being 72x108 feet in size, and other out-buildings in good fjpBgSg ^ggBg aaBBB BB BBBBBBggg^ )l (feSa BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 561 condition. Mr. Hobbs is an Odd Fellow, and a member in good standing of Lake City Lodge, No. 330. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party, and received the nomination for Representative to the General Assembly in the fall of 1883, but the oppos- ing party being largely in the majority he was defeated, although he ran far ahead of his ticket. He is really a self-made man, having had very limited facilities for acquir- ing an education when young. Few men are as well posted on the leading topics of the day. Jasper Township has no better man to represent it than Mr. J. W. Hobbs. PSENRY CARPENTER, hardware dealer, Arcadia, Iowa, is the oldest business man of the place. He located in the village June 8, 1872, and erected a business house, the first one in the town, that season, and engaged in general merchandising. He continued in business until 1875, when he sold out and engaged in farming and stock- bnying. From September 18, 1881, until October, 1885, he was postmaster at Arcadia, and since that time has been in the hardware business. He has been a notary public since 1872, school treasurer a number of years, and also township trustee. In politics he is a Republican. In August, 1862, he enlisted in the defense of his country, and was assigned to Company H, One Hundred and Fifth Illinois Infantry, and served three years, engaged the most of the time in guerrilla fighting. His regiment was with Sherman to the sea, but at that time Mr. Carpenter was on detached duty at Nashville with Gen- eral Thomas when he destroyed Hood's army. He contracted disease while in the service, from which he will probably never recover. After the war closed he returned to Sandwich, Illinois, where he worked for the Sandwich Manufacturing Company until he came to Iowa in 1872. Mr. Carpenter was born in Onondaga County, New York, in 1834, a son of Henry and Roxanna M. (Fay) Car- penter, natives of Vermont and New York. In 1836 his father moved to Ottawa, Illinois, where he soon after died, and his mother afterward pre-empted land in De Kalb County, where the family were among the first set- tlers. He was married in De Kalb County to Mary E. Hasbrook, a native of Dutchess County, New York. They have two children — Lillian H, wife of Byron Yant, of Mercer County, Ohio, and "Wallace F., at home. One daughter died at Arcadia in December, 1881, aged twenty-eight years, and two chil- dren, Frank and Hattie, died in early child- hood. — -~ig**<»3 , * H " — ILLIAM BANNISTER, farmer, sec- tion 15, Carroll Township, was born in Willshire, England, in 1815, son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Davis) Bannister, who were the parents of seven children, of whom our subject was the second child and the eldest son. He remained at home until sixteen years of age, and was then employed on the railroad for several years, working three years at boiler-making. He was mar- ried in 1840 to Miss Priscilla Parker, who was born in Somerset, England, and a daugh- ter of William and Elizabeth (Smith) Parker. Her parents had eleven children, Mrs. Ban- nister being the fifth child. Mr. and Mrs. Bannister resided in England until 1856, when they came to America, first settling in Gilbert, Kane County, Illinois, where they lived six months, then removed to Cook County, same State, where they lived about seven years. They then went to Huntley, *'j5 «5 )i i J *t jA^-SJj&jqggg^g! ^ 562 1 s' HISTORY OF OABBOLL OOUNTY. McHenry County, remaining two years, thence to Carroll County in 1865, locating on the land where he now resides, which was in its primitive condition. He held the posi- tion of section boss on the railroad for ten years. His farm contains 160 acres of good land, which is in a good state of cultivation. He has a good, well-furnished residence, with buildings for stock. Mr. and Mrs. Bannister are the parents of nineteen children, five of whom are living — Sophia, Frances, Frederick, Addie and Rosie. In politics Mr. Bannister is a Republican. He has by fair and honest dealing secured the confidence of all who know him. » Si i ; « |EORGE JEFFRIES, farmer, section 10 rj* Grant Township, was born in South ^ * "Wales, England, November 15, 1851, son of George and Esther Jeffries. When he was sixteen months old his parents came to America, and settled in Alleghany County, Maryland, in 1853. Here he was reared to manhood and received his education. His youth was spent in farming and working in the coal mines. He came to this county in 1874 and bought 160 acres of wild land of the Iowa Railroad Land Company. The first year he broke forty-five acres. For several years he worked at farm work during the summer, and in the coal mines during the winter. He was married March 17, 1880, to Miss Clara Sherman, a native of Keokuk County, and a daughter of "Wilbur Sherman, who was a soldier in the late war, and Mary (Fulton) Sherman. Since 1880 he has re- sided on his farm, and has it in a good state of cultivation. He has a good house, and comfortable farm buildings for stock and grain. Mr. and Mrs. Jeffries have two sons — Alfred Sherman and James Blaine. Politi- cally Mr. Jeffries is a Republican. He has served creditably as member of the school board and as assessor. Himself and wife are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Glidden. I^ENRY GEORGE, of Union Township, has been identified with the interests of Carroll County since 1872. He was born in Racine County, "Wisconsin, August 17, 1848, son of "William and Jane (Moyle) George, natives of England. His youth was spent in assisting at farm work, and his edu- cation was received in the common schools of his native State. At the age of twenty-two years he came "West and located in Dallas County, this State, where he lived one year, and in April, 1872, he came to Carroll County, settling on section 35, Union Town- ship. He and his brother, Theophilus George, purchased a farm, which was then in its wild state. They improved it, and Mr. George lived upon it until November, 1881, when he came to his present farm. This farm was also in its wild condition. He first bought eighty acres, but has since added to the original purchase until he now has 200 acres of as good soil as can be -found in Carroll County. The farm is in a good state of cul- tivation and well improved. He has a good story-and-a-half residence, a commodious barn for stock and grain, a granary 16 x 20 feet, and a wind-mill that furnishes the power for supplying the stock with pure water. Every- thing about the place indicates thrift and energy. Mr. George was married April 2, 1876, to Miss Cyrinthia Chevalier, who was born and reared in Mahaska County, this State, and daughter of John and Elizabeth (Hetzer) Chevalier. To this union have been born five children — Elizabeth Jane, Thomas ■ ^ ■.■■■■■■■■■■■■■-■-■■■-^■■■■ ■ ■■■".■ ■ ■^^■-■-■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■ ■ ■■■■■B"g»iig"Smgi iIJSHBmHSI w ni m m m 'i tBSBSjaj ^■■■■^■■■■■■■■"■"a'll'M"!'!! BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 563 Franklin, John, Armilda and Henry Ells- worth. Politically Mr. George affiliates with the Republican party. He belongs to the Masonic order, No. 197, and is also a mem- ber of Plantagenet Lodge, No. 108, K. of P., Coon Rapids, Iowa. ►*-*« jjOSES ROBERTS, farmer and stock- raiser, residing on section 15, Eden Township, Carroll County, was born in Marshall County,. West Virginia, October 6, 1819. His parents, John and Elizabeth Roberts, were natives of Maryland, and were among the pioneers of Des Moines County, settling in that county as early as 1839. Moses Roberts, our subject, was reared to the occupation of a farmer, his boyhood being passed in assisting his father on the farm during the summers, and part of the winter seasons attending the district schools, where he obtained such education as could be obtained at that early day, walking to school a distance of from three to five miles. He came with his parents to Des Moines County, Iowa, in 1839, where he assisted in the main- tenance of his father's family, the father being disabled. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, where his health became greatly im- paired. He died in Des Moines County, the mother having died some years previous in "West Yirginia. Moses Roberts was married in Des Moines County, August 10, 1851, to Miss Barbara Rosenberger, who was born in Pennsylvania, May 9, 1830, her parents, Henry and Deborah Rosenberger, being natives of the same State. They came to Iowa in 1850 and settled in Des Moines County, and later removed to Tama County, where they spent the rest of their lives. Mr. and Mrs. Roberts have had born to them two children, one of whom is living, a daughter, Mrs. Josephine Miller, who lives in Carroll County. Sarah Elizabeth, who was also married, died in Carroll County, Iowa. In 1878 Mr. Roberts settled with his family in Tama County, where he made his home till 1875. He then came to Carroll County, Iowa, and settled on the farm where he still resides, which contains sixty acres of valuable land. Coming with limited means, he has by hard work and indomitable perseverance acquired his present property, and during his residence in Eden Township has gained the respect of all who know him. He has improved his farm from a state of nature, and has brought it under fine cultivation. He has on his land a fine grove of three acres which was raised from cuttings. He has held the office of supervisor since becoming a resident of the county. He is a member of the Church of God. Politically he is a Democrat. |EORGE CONNER, of Richland Town- ship, is one of the early settlers of Carroll County, having been a resident here since 1863. He was born in Monroe County, Ohio, January 24, 1830, son of Adam and Betsey (Sigler) Conner, who were the parents of ten children, George being the fourth child. His youth was passed in assisting on the farm. In 1851 he was married to Miss Melissa Sigler, also a native of Monroe County, Ohio. Soon after marriage they removed to Lee County, this State, where they resided until 1863, when they came to Carroll County and located in their present .home. This was one of the first settlements made in the prairie. He first bought eighty acres of land. His house was made of logs, with clapboard roof and no window. He has since added to his first purchase until he now ■ ■■■■■■■.■.■.■■■.'.■■■■■■■■■■■■■il.«.».» .«,». «.l .51ii 564 HISTORY OF CARROLL OOUNTY. I owns over 600 acres of land. He has one of the best residences in the township, and his farm is well cultivated. His house was built in 1883. It is modern style and well fur- nished. He has a good barn, 36x44 feet, a native grove, and an orchard of five acres. Mr. and Mrs. Conner are the parents of ten children — Emanuel, Luther, John, Buchanan, Clarinda, Frank, Azariah, Narcissus, Oliver and Lolie. Politically Mr. Conner is a Democrat. ?OSEPH M. DREES, attorney at law, Car- roll City, Iowa, is a native of Boston, Massachusetts, born October 8, 1848, a son of Andrew A. and Clara (Deters) Drees, natives of Germany. His father died in Du- buque, Iowa, in 1867, and his mother is living in Carroll County, aged seventy-two years. He is the fifth of their ten children. When sixteen years of age he began clerking in a clothing house, which he continued about four years. In 1867 he enlisted in the regu- lar army, and was assigned to Company E, Third United States Cavalry. His service was on the plains of Texas, Arizona and New Mexico, under Generals Crook, Rey- nolds and Custer. He was mustered out January 24, 1873, at Fort Sanders, "Wyoming Territory. For a time he served as Hospital Steward and was discharged as First Duty Sergeant. After his return home he served some time as deputy postmaster, his mother holding the office of postmistress from 1870 until 1878. He began the study of law with Lieutenant-Governor Manning, and was admitted to the bar in 1879, the first law stu- dent in Carroll County that passed an exami- nation in open court. In addition to his law practice he is acting as agent for several in- surance companies, viz.: iEtna, of Hartford; Connecticut, of Hartford; and Phoenix, of Connecticut; Union, of San Francisco; Royal, of London, and Capital, of Des Moines. He is also agent for the North German Lloyd Steamship Company, New York and Balti- more lines, and the Red Star Line Packet Company, and the Royal Netherland Steam- ship Company. He is United States Com- missioner for the South District, Western Division, buying and selling railroad and school land. He is one of the stockholders of the Carroll County Democrat. In poli- tics he is a Democrat. He is classed among the clearest headed business men of Carroll County. He owns his office building, and one-half of lot 3, block 21, also lots 4 and 5, with his dwelling-house, which cost about $2,500. Mr. Drees was married April 6, 1875, to Hannah Kniest, a native of St. Louis, Missouri, born in 1850, daughter of Lambert and Maria Kniest. They have had six children — Clara, Joseph T., Lambert, John, Mary (deceased) and Frank G. »»»«§•$"£»§»*"•« JITSAAC HARRIS, one of the pioneers of jil Carroll County, Iowa, lives on section ^ 21, Union Township, where he owns 360 acres of good land. Mr. Harris was born in Licking County, Ohio, in 1824, the sixth of fourteen children of John and Cassandra (Hughes) Harris. He was reared in his native State, and there married Lydia Ann Cretsinger, who was born in Virginia in 1831, a daughter of John and Mary Magdalene Cretsinger. April 18, 1856, Mr. and Mrs. Harris started from Ohio for their Western home, and after a journey of thirty-one and a half days, landed in Dallas County, Iowa, and the following January moved to Carroll County and settled on the farm where they now live. They are among the few of the m ■ B«»»» M i^«« M aMM M M, iM M M M -wiiiaH»iii»re»5r^^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 565 pioneers of the county who are left to recount the trials and privations of the early day. They have had nine children. Two died in infancy and one after reaching maturity. Those living are — Samuel, Lyman, Arista, Lincoln, Frank and Oliver. In politics Mr. Harris is a Republican. » S > ' S « ^RISTA HARRIS, of the loan, real es- tate and insurance firm of Holiday & Harris, at Coon Rapids, was born in Union Township, this county, in 1858, and is a son of Isaac Harris, who came to the county in 1856, and still resides on section 21, Union Township. He was educated at the State Agricultural College, at Ames, and followed teaching four years. He married Lulu E. Millard, a native of Illinois. Politic cally Mr. Harris is a Republican. The firm of Holiday & Harris was established in Jan- uary, 1883, though each member had been in the business several years before the part- nership was formed. The firm is doing a good business. » ; >< ; « |EORGE HESSLINGH, farmer, section 7, Grant Township, was born in Han- over, Germany, February 1, 1831, son of George and Catherine (Okken) Hesslingh, who reared a family of three children — George, Gebhardine, wife of W. L. Becker, of Grant Township, and Herman. The father died in 1859. George and his brother came to America in 1864, and located in Stephenson County, Illinois, where they worked on a farm two years. The mother and daughter then came to * Illinois, and the family pur- chased 120 acres of land in Ogle County, where they lived until 1873. That year George came to Carroll County, locating on his present farm of 160 acres, which he bought of the Iowa Railroad Land Company, where he has since resided and improved his farm. His residence and farm buildings are good and comfortable. He has a grove of forest trees, and an orchard of both large and small fruits. Besides his home farm he owns forty acres on section 8. Mr. G. Hess- lingh has held the office of township assessor two terms, justice of the peace two terms, and township treasurer eleven years. Politi- cally he is a Democrat. Religiously he is a member of the Evangelical Association. He has always taken an active interest in any enterprise by which the community will be benefited. i»»-. »IX » S l lS » ^l «-4al EORGE W. McCORMACK, an active and enterprising agriculturist of War- ren Township, engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 22, was born in Decatur County, Indiana, November 10, 1846, a son of William and Hester McCor- mack, who were natives of the same State. They were the parents of seven children, of whom only three now survive, our subject being the eldest child. They were among the pioneers of Marshall County, Iowa, locat- ing there in the year 1851, where they pre- empted 240 acres of land, building a log house and making improvements. The father was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, en- listing in the Second Iowa Cavalry, serving one year, when he was killed by a minie ball at Nashville, Tennessee. George W., our subject, was reared to agricultural pur- suits, which he has made the principal avo- cation of his life. After his father's death he began farming the old homestead, his father leaving him forty acres, on which he 566 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. resided about eight years. He then immi- grated to Sioux County, Iowa, remaining there only one year, when he returned to Marshall County. He was united in mar- riage January 1, 1871, to Miss Maria Mc- Daniel, who was born in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, December 12, 1853, a daughter of E. and Harriet McDaniel, also natives of Pennsylvania. They are the parents of six children, of whom four now survive — George S., Russell D., Homer F. and Ruth A. Mr. McCormack sold his Marshall County prop- erty in November, 1876, then came to Car- roll County, when he settled on the farm where he now resides. He has been successful in his farming operations, and has now a well- cultivated farm of 160 acres, which he has improved from a state of nature, making it one of the best in his neighborhood. In politics Mr. McCormack affiliates with the Democratic party. 'I ' fr ' S ' l 1 cember 26, 1828, a HOMAS RODERICK, farmer and stock- raiser, section 20, Dedham Township, is a native of South Wales, born De- son of Roderick and Margaret Roderick. He learned the plas- terer's trade in his youth, at which he worked in connection with farming. In 1846 he came to the United States, landing in Phila- delphia, where he lived twelve years, and in 1858 came to Iowa and located in Linn County, where he made his home about ten years. In the meantime, during the war of the Rebellion, he enlisted in Company A, Thirty-fourth Illinois Infantry, and served ten months, when, May 15, 1862, he was discharged on account of disability. Return- ing home he remained until the following August, when he again enlisted and was assigned to Company F, Twenty-fourth Iowa Infantry, and served three years. He par- ticipated in many severe battles, including the siege of Yicksburg, Jackson and Rank's Red River expedition. After his discharge in June, 1865, he returned to Linn County, and in March, 1868, removed to Carroll County, where he has since lived. He was married September 11, 1868, to Barbary A., daughter of George and Barbary Pfei- fer. They have seven children — George W., Margaret, John L., Gertrude, Emma L., Roderick and Mary B. Mr. Roderick is a member of the Masonic order and Grand Army of the Republic. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. In politics he is a Republican. ALENTINE POLISH, junior mem- ber of the firm of Kuhn & Roush, proprietors of the Manning Roller Mills, was born in Highland County, Ohio, February 2, 1848, a son of John and Rebecca Roush, natives of Virginia and Pennsylvania respectively. In 1855 the family came to Iowa, locating in Marion County, and there the parents still reside, the father aged eighty- six years, and the mother at the age of eighty-three years. They reared a family of fifteen children, of whom twelve, six sons and six daughters, are still living, our subject being the youngest child. He remained under the home roof until attaining the age of nineteen years, when, in 1867, he went to Pottawattamie County, and from there went to Cass County two years later. He subse- quently went to Adair County, where he lived the year previous to coming to Carroll County. In 1882 the firm of Kuhn & Roush was formed, and the same year the mills were erected, under the supervision of Mr. Roush, at a cost of $12,000, with nine sets of rollers BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 567 and two burrs, driven by a fifty horse-power engine, this being one of the best mills in Northwestern Iowa. Mr. Roush was reared to the avocation of a farmer, commencing his present occupation, milling, in Cass County in 1870. He was united in marriage in that county in 1870, to Miss S. S. Heath- mann, and to this union have been born three children — Jairus C, Harlow P. and Blanche. Politically Mr. Roush is a prominent mem- ber of the Democratic party, and in 1885 he ■was elected a member of the county board of 1 supervisors, and in 1887 was elected chairman of the board. He is genial and courteous as a business man and citizen, and is a general favorite. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and is junior warden of Manual Lodge, No. 450, at Manning. He is also a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, belonging to Lodge No. 262, at Manning. i-Jwf., fOSEPH WIEDEMEIER, farmer, Grant Township, was born in Westpfahlen, Germany, in September, 1844. He was reared to farm work, and when twenty-five years of age was united in marriage with Miss Veronika Thieleke. In 1870 they came to America, and first located in Carroll City, where they resided one year. Mr. Wiede- ineier worked on the railroad the first year. He bought eighty acres of land of the Iowa Railroad Land Company, and in 1871 settled upon the same. He has added to his first purchase until he now owns 284 acres of as good land as can be found in Carroll County. It is all in a good state of cultiva- tion and well improved. He has a good house, a commodious barn for grain and stock, and a native grove of two and a half acres. Mr. and Mrs. Wiedemeier are the parents of six children — Joseph, Anton, Mary, Matilda, Josephine and Yeronike. In politics Mr. Wiedemeier is a Democrat. Re ligiously, he belongs to the Catholic church. In 1881 Mr. and Mrs. Wiedemeier visited Germany and spent three months in their native land. i-jM^i F. WALDRON, wagon-maker and blacksmith at Glidden, is a native of Cass County, Michigan, born December 27, 1846, a son of Isaac and Eliza (Mott) Waldron, who were the parents of eight children. When our subject was eight years old his parents settled in Kendriek Township, Greene County, Iowa, and there he was reared, his youth being spent in as- sisting with the work of the farm, and in attending school, where he received a fair common school education. In February, 1863, he enlisted in the war of the Rebellion and was assigned to Company E, Thirty-ninth Iowa Infantry. After taking part in several engagements he received a wound which con- fined him to the hospital some five months. He was honorably discharged from the army, when he returned to his home in Greene County. He was united in marriage in May, 1866, to Miss Hannah Mary Shreves, a daughter of James Shreves, a pioneer of Kendriek Township, Greene County. Five children have been born to this union — Lois E., Henry, Nellie, James and Floy Pearl. Mr. Waldron established his present business at Glidden in 1874, and in connection with his wagon and blacksmith shop he runs a re- pair shop. He has, by good management, reasonable prices and strict attention to the wants of his customers, built up a good trade and gained the confidence and respect of all who have business relations with him. He '■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■"■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■n^igi «,«„«- a »n i M « n .iB- »firgapgi .-»Sii 568 HISTORY OF OASMOLL COUNTY. it \ * t it ) "it it I! owns his shops at Glidden, and also the house in which he resides. In his political views Mr. Waldron is a Republican. He is a comrade of the Grand Army of the Repub- lic, and is senior vice-commander of Post No. 291, at Glidden, and also belongs to Lodge No. 291, I. O. O. F., at Glidden. tARVEY BELL is recognized as the pioneer business man of Manning, where he opened a grain warehouse in August, 1881, the first business house of any kind opened at Manning. Mr. Bell was born in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, April 22, 1832. He was reared principally in Alle- gheny County, Pennsylvania, till reaching the age of seventeen years, when he left the home roof to begin life on his own account. "With an elder brother, Edmund, he came to Iowa, and spent the winter of 1849-'50 in Allamakee County. The following spring they platted a town near the present site of Waukon, naming it Bunker Hill. Before the season closed they had sold their land at a handsome profit, and hunting for a new loca- tion visited Fillmore County, Minnesota, where they purchased land, becoming pio- neers of Newburg Township, that county. The neighborhood where they settled has ever since been called Bellville. July 14, 1857, while returning from a visit to his old home in Penn- sylvania, he was united in marriage at Daven- port, Iowa, to Miss A. A. Benton, a former schoolmate. But six of the children born to Mr .and Mrs. Bell are living — Allie, wife of Paul Winter of Manning; Effie, wife of W. N. Day, of Carroll City, and Gertrude, Sadie, Maudie and Gracie, students in the Manning schools, fitting themselves for teachers. Mr. and Mrs. Bell lived many years at Bellville, their home being one of the finest farm prop- erties in that locality, and the abode of hos- pitality. Mr. Bell was associated with his brother in the general mercantile business at Bellville for several years, under the firm name of E. & H. Bell, and in merchandising as well as farming he was very successful. In 1868 he removed to Houston County, Minnesota, and located at Brownsville, on the Mississippi River, where he was engaged in dealing in grain for several years, and was oneof the leading grain operators on the Upper Mississippi River, and during these years he also acted as agent for all the steamboat and express companies. Reverses incident to most business men during those years of de- clining values overtook him and nearly im- poverished him, but although greatly depressed by his losses Mr. Bell held out bravely. He left Minnesota in the spring of 1871 and located at Arcadia, in Carroll County, Iowa, where he was engaged in the. grain and produce trade till coming to Man- ning. Since becoming a resident of Man- ning he has become prominently associated with the religious as well as business inter- ests of the place. He is a member of Man- ual Lodge, No. 450, A. F. & A. M., at Manning. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party, his first presidential vote being cast for John C. Fremont. "Wherever Mr. Bell has lived he has established a repu- tation for strict integrity, and by his fair and honorable dealings he has gained the confi- dence and esteem of all who know him. fOHN NESTLE, proprietor of bakery and restaurant at Carroll, is a native of "Wit- tenberg, Germany, the date of his birth being July 18, 1830. He attended school in his native country till fourteen years of age, when he learned the trade of a weaver, which BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. he followed four years. When eighteen years of age he came to America, first locat- ing at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he remained eighteen months. He then re- moved to Germantown, Kentucky, and in 1854 went to Leavenworth, Kansas, where he lived neighbor to the notorious Jim Lane, and during the John Brown troubles in that State Mr. Nestle participated in several skirmishes with him. Mr. Nestle was united in marriage in the year 1858, and by his marriage lias had six children. In 1860 he removed to Marshalltown, where he resided until he came to Carroll County, Iowa, in 1882, since which time he has made his home at Carroll. He now owns the busi- ness house in which he is located, which is a good two-story brick building, 22x80 feet, and is among the best in the town. He also owns another good business house in the same city. By his genial and accommodating , manners and strict attention to the wants of his customers he has built up a good busi- ness, and has gained the confidence and re- spect of the entire community by his fair and honorable dealings. Mr. Nestle is a member of both the Masonic and Odd Fellows orders. -3WS-. H&ENKY POWELL, proprietor of the Car- aM|J roll Dairy, which was established in %aI 1882, is a native of Shropshire, Eng- land, the date of his birth being December 5, 1836. His parents, Henry and Elizabeth Powell, had a family of three children — Henry, George and Ann Elizabeth. The father was a son of Sir George Powell, the Powell family tracing their ancestry back to the time of William the Conqueror, and the mother of our subject was the daughter of a landed proprietor. Henry Powell, the sub- ject of this sketch, made his home in England until attaining the age of twenty-eight years. When fourteen years old he went to sea and for years followed a sailor's life. On com- ing to America, about the year 1864, he located in New Jersey, where he resided un- til 1867. He then came to Iowa, locating in Sac County near the Carroll County line, twelve miles north of Carroll, where he re- sided some two years. March 29, 1868, he was married to Miss Frances Elizabeth Ban- nister, who was born at Mandley, in Stafford- shire, England, but at the time of her marriage was living in Carroll, Iowa. They are the parents of five children — W. Henry, born in Sac County, March 26, 1869; Annie Elizabeth, born May 5, 1871; Freder- ick J., born October 1, 1873; Clara May, March 19, 1876, and Alice Louisa, born March 1, 1878. Mr. Powell has been a resident of Carroll County since 1869. He is the owner of 106 acres of choice land, all well improved and under a high state of cultivation, a good, commodious residence, and fine out-buildinsrs for the accommodation of his stock. In pol- ities Mr. Powell affiliates with the Republi- can party. Both he and his wife are worthy and earnest members of the Methodist Epis- copal church. A. TALBOTT, farmer, section 31, ^ Grant Township, has been a resident ° of Carroll County since 1876. He was born in Morgan County, Indiana, Febru- ary 21, 1826, son of Edward and Mary (Lanning) Talbott, who were the parents of ten children, our subject being the fifth child. When he was about four years of a^e his parents removed to Jackson County, Indiana, where he was reared to manhood. His early life was spent at farm work, and his education was obtained in the common schools. In ? (I ■■■.» .i. ».».'.ijr.».i.i.i ■iM»m»ira™»"i»»i»™«ii'» et»ai' *m*ai*taP*m >Zmasm=mmm m .m-mi.i ITS 570 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. . ' 5 K l« i |l i! ! 5 J I If ji if I 1850. he came to Iowa, first locating in Iowa County, three miles west of Marengo, where he improved a farm. November 2, 1854, he was united in marriage with Miss Nancy A. Greenlee, a native of Miami County, Ohio, and a daughter of William and Esther (Furas) Greenlee, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of Ohio. They were the parents of thirteen children, Mrs. Talbott being the oldest. They came to Iowa in 1846, settling near Iowa City. Our subject resided in Iowa until the breaking out of the civil war, when he enlisted, August 13, 1862, in Company G, Twenty-eighth Infantry, and served about three years in the Gulf Department, and was afterward transferred to the Department of the Potomac. He was honorably. discharged and returned to his home in Iowa. He removed to his present farm in Carroll County in 1876, having purchased the same the year previous, of the Iowa Railroad Land Company. His farm contains 127 acres, which is in a good state of cultivation and well improved. He has a good residence and comfortable buildings for stock. Mr. and Mrs. Talbott have seven children — W. W., John F., Naomi B., Charles E., Robert L., Mina G. and Jessie S. Mr. Talbott is a member of the Masonic order, also of the Grand Army post. He belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church, and in politics is a Republican. » 3n; « SCAR J. SO PER, one of Carroll County's pioneers, and the present efficient postmaster of Browning, was born in St. Lawrence County, New York, October 19, 1832, a son of Briggs and Sadie (Woodard) Soper, natives of New York and New Hampshire respectively. They were the parents of three sons and three daughters, our subject being the third child. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, his early boyhood days being spent in assisting on the farm and attending the district schools. At the age of eighteen years he began working in a saw-mill at Livingston, Massachusetts, where he was employed about one year. He then spent three years in New Hampshire, working out by the month, when he returned to the old homestead. In 1855 he immi- grated to Jones County, Iowa, and began working on the Minneapolis, St. Louis & St. Paul Railroad, where he found employ- ment nntil the winter of 1859. He was married in Jones County, December 23, 1859, to Miss Cora Kanolt, born, in Albany, New York, November 24, 1842, the eldest of six children of John and Catherine Kanolt, who were natives of Germany. To this union have been born two children — Jessie M., wife of Walter Rutlidge, of Sac County, Iowa, and Ira D. In the spring of 1860 Mr. Soper started for Pike's Peak, traveling across the plains from Omaha. In 1863 he went from Denver to Salt Lake City, thence to Montana, where he remained till 1866. He then returned to Jones County, Iowa, and in 1868 came to Carroll County, when he settled on section 13, Sheridan Township, on raw prairie land. He subsequently sold his farm on section 13, and removed to section 1, Sheridan Township, where he has since re- sided, and which he has improved from a wild state and brought under good cultiva- tion. His first trading was done at Glidden, and his milling was first done at Jefferson, now the county seat of Greene County. He has been very successful in his farming operations, and by his industry, combined with good management, has acquired his present fine property, which consists of 356 acres on section 1, and eighty acres on section 2, Sheridan Township. Politically Mr. Soper is a Republican. He has served his county as supervisor two terms, and in 1872 was ap- pointed to his position of postmaster at Browning. **""' l (s 3* ' S * ^) * 1 ""* * [ILLIAM GILLEY, a prominent pio- neer of Carroll County, came here in April, 1856. He entered a quarter section of land in what is now Pleasant Valley Township, and settled upon it the following year. At the time he made his settlement there were but twenty-eight voters ,in the county. The settlements were in Newton and Jasper townships. The people were all from the East, and none of foreign birth. Of these twenty-eight voters about ten remain, the others having removed or died. Mr. Gilley is the oldest resident of the county living in Carroll City. When he settled here all was in its primitive condition. Eoving tribes of Indians were frequently seen pursuing the elk and the deer, which were then abundant. It is difficult to con- ceive a correct idea of the changes that have taken place since that time. They were very slow for many years, but since the advent of the railroad the development and growth of the country has been rapid. Mr. Gilley settled upon the land he entered, which he improved, and upon which he resided until he removed to Carroll in 1868. The town had scarcely an existence at that time, there being but three or four houses within the corporation. When there were twenty-eight voters the total number of inhabitants did not exceed seventy-five in the county. Their nearest mill was at Panora, about thirty miles distant, taking two days to make the trip. Panora was a small town, but it was a point of trade, although the settlers frequently went to Des Moines to do their trading. Panora was also 41 their postoffice. But in those early days all were friendly and dependent upon one another, and they led a comparatively happy and contented life. But little was done in the way of improvements until about 1865. At the breaking out of the war all who were of legal age entered the army to do battle for the Union, and it was not until the close of the struggle that any material advancement was made. Mr. Gilley was born in Alle- gheny County, Pennsylvania, in March, 1830. When he was three years of age his parents removed to Medina County, Ohio, where he grew to manhood, and where he married Leah M. Mohler, a native of Wayne County, Ohio. She was taken by her parents to Medina County when only six years old. Mr. and Mrs. Gilley were married in 1854, and came to Iowa in the fall of the same year. Their first location was near Iowa City, where Mr. Gilley purchased a farm, and in the spring of 1856 he sold out and came to Carroll County. He made the change on account of the cheap land and the prospective railroad, which, however, was not built until ten years later. In 1868 Mr. Gilley was elected county treasurer, and re- moved to Carroll, but continued to own his land until 1869. He served two terms as treasurer, and during that time he also con- ducted a real estate agency. He invested the money he obtained from his farm in town property, and purchased a half section of land near the corporation. He has since added eighty acres to that, all of which he still owns. In 1871 he engaged in the coal and lumber trade at Carroll, which he oper- ated until 1875, since which time he has devoted much of his time to the improve- ment of his farm. Like most of the pioneers Mr. Gilley came to the county poor, but by industry and good management has acquired a competence. He has done much toward ' ■■■ ■-■'■■■■ ' ■■.■ ■ ■ ■ l i W=»='"S" «i»"»w«»- ^■■■■■■-■-■■■■=»5re»=»=»Si»SWZP"S»ii"S» gi 574 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. the improvement of the town in the way of erecting business blocks. He is a Republi- can in politics, and cast his first presidential vote for General Scott in 1852, and his first in Iowa for Fremont in 1856. He has "not only served the county as treasurer, but has held the offices of sheriff and clerk of the court. He was mayor of Carroll during the years 1878-'80. Mr. and Mrs. Gilley have had four children. Their oldest son, Willard B., was drowned in Middle Coon Eiver, near Old Carrollton, in 1868, when twelve years of age. Their surviving children are — Ira M., Ida S., wife of "William Trowbridge, of Carroll, and Emma Iowa, living at home. The parents of Mr. Gilley were Andrew and Catherine ("Van Demark) Gilley, natives of Pennsylvania, where they were reared and married. They removed to Ohio when Will- iam was three years of age. The mother died in Ohio, and the father afterward came to Carroll, where he passed the remainder of his days. Mrs. Gilley's parents were John and Susan Mohler, natives of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, removing to Ohio after marriage. The father died in Ohio, and the mother is still living in that State at the age of eighty-two years. » \\ * % ' M. CULVER, farmer, section 30, TO7M Glidden Township, has been a resi- isp^ dent of Carroll County since 1876. He was born in Norfolk County, Canada, August 15, 1835, son of Moses and Sarah (Merritt) Culver. He lived in Canada until he was about nineteen years of age, when he removed to Ogle County, Illinois, completing his education at Mount Morris, in that county. After this he was engaged in teach- ing for many years. At the age of twenty- five he was united in marriage with Miss Catherine Lawrence, of Polo, Illinois. In 1867 he removed to Nebraska, locating near Lincoln, where he resided until 1875, when he removed to Colorado, spending one year there, and in 1876 located upon his present farm, which was then in its wild state. He has since made improvements, until the Cul- ver farm is known as one of the best farms in the township. It is situated only one-half mile west of Glidden. He has a good resi- dence, barn, and other farm buildings, an orchard, and a large variety of small fruits. Besides farming and stock-raising, he is oper- ating a hay press, shipping about 200 tons of pressed hay annually. Politically he is a Re- publican. Mrs. Culver died at Lincoln, Ne- braska, in 1868, leaving three children — Estella A., John M. and Grant D. In 1870 Mr. Culver was married to Miss Rachel Payne, of Mount Pleasant, Iowa. By fair and honest dealing Mr. Culver has won the confidence of all his neighbors and friends. ►JMf. SHULZE & SON, proprietors of the City Meat Market of Glidden, estab- lished their present business in 1882, this being the pioneer meat market of the town. They keep in stock the best quality of meat, both fresh and salted, and a fine as- sortment of fowls, and also deal in fish, and by their strict attention to customers, and reasonable prices, they have succeeded well and built up a large trade. This firm owns the fine business house where they are located, which is a two-story building, centrally located on Main street. D. Shulze, the sen- ior member of the firm, is a native of Ger- many. He came to America in 1848, locating at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he re- sided until the breaking out of the war, when he enlisted and served in the army for one BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. year. In 1868 he removed to Clayton County, Iowa, remaining there until he came to Carroll County in 1882, since which time he has made his home at Glidden. He was married in his native country to Miss Louisa Hine, and to this union were born eight children. Mr. Shulze is a member of Post No. 291, G. A. E., at Glidden. H. F. Shulze, the eldest child, is the junior member of the firm of D. Shulze & Son. He was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, November 14, 1849, where he was reared and educated in the common schools. In his youth he was vari- ously employed. He came to Iowa with his father, and located in Glidden in 1882. He was united in marriage in 1874 to Miss Han- nah Backhouse, and to this union four chil- dren have been born — John, Henry, Louisa and an infant daughter yet unnamed. — *°*~" > *ir" 3 * *s q »|7 H *~*°* — H. WESTBROOK, postmaster at Ar- cadia, was appointed to his position in 1° September, 1885, and took charge of the office October 13 following. He suc- ceeded Henry Carpenter. Mr. Westbrook came to Arcadia May 15, 1879, and engaged in the drug business, which he has since fol- lowed. He succeeded Mr. John R. Benson, and the latter succeeded L. S. Stoll, who was the first druggist of the town. In 1883 Mr. Michael Lovely became a partner in the busi- ness, and the firm of Westbrook & Lovely added a stock of groceries. This partnership lasted two years, when Mr. Westbrook bought out his partner's interest, and closed out the grocery business. He was born at Sabula, Jackson County, this State, June 4, 1849. His father, Dr. E. M. Westbrook, was well known as one of the early successful physi- cians of Iowa. He was born in the State of New York, and educated at McDowell's Medical College, of St. Louis, Missouri. He located in Jackson County, Iowa, when a young man, and in 1868 removed to Lyons, where he continued his practice until death. He had one brother a chemist, and two nephews who were noted physicians. Dr. E. M. Westbrook and wife had five children, the subject of this sketch being the third child. His brother, M. E. Westbrook, is the present postmaster at Lyons, and a prominent citizen of that town. His eldest sister, Sarah Amelia, is the wife of Y. Lund, treasurer of Clinton County, this State; Mary Ellen is the wife of Charles Leffingwell, of Clinton County; Edwin M. is engaged in the drug business in Yale, Crawford County. Our subject went to Clinton County in 1869, and was engaged in the drug business at that place. He was married in Clinton County to Miss Maria E. Ashton, daughter of William Ash- ton, and they have two children — Jessie May and Harry. Their oldest daughter is de- ceased. Mr. Westbrook and all his father's family are Democrats. In 1883 he was ap- pointed a member of the county board of supervisors, to serve out the unexpired term of George E. Russell, and at the fall election that year he was elected for a full term. During the last year he has been chairman of the board. He has served on the town board a greater part of the time since its in- corporation. He is a member of the Order of United Workmen, also of the Legion of Honor and other civic societies. •—«§«**$*§•«-•- ETH SMITH, one of Iowa's pioneers, and a prominent and influential citizen of Carroll County, was born in Colum- biana County, Ohio, the date of his birth being December 19, 1830. His parents, John and Esther (Metcalf) Smith, were ?Si H 576 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. natives of Virginia and New Jersey respect- ively, the father born June 3, 1794, and was a soldier in the war of 1812, and the mother born April 29, 1802. Eleven children were born to them, eight sons and three daughters, and with the exception of one son, John, who fell in battle at Malrino del Eey, during the Mexican war, all are yet living. The mother died in Owen County, Indiana, in September, 1849, and the father's death occurred in Mar- shall County, Iowa, December 5, 1871. Seth Smith, our subject, lived in his native State till nine years of age, when he was taken by his parents to Owen County, Indiana, where he lived till 1849, removing thence with his father's family to Iowa. He was married in Marshall County in 1854, to Miss Martha C. Cooper, who died April 11, 1864, leaving five children — James A., a resident of Mar- shall County; Joseph F., living in the same county; Emma E., deceased; Marcus E., of Manning, and Addie, deceased. For his second wife Mr. Smith married Mrs. Eliza- beth (Reed) Nettle,, widow of John M. Nettle, a member of the Thirteenth Iowa Infantry, who was killed at the battle of At- lanta, July 22, 1864. Of the four children born to Mr. and Mrs. Smith, three are living — Adora, Ala and Charlie. John B. died at the age of seven years. In 1878 Mr. Smith came with his family to Carroll County and purchased 102 acres on section 6 of Warren Township, which he improved and brought under a line state of cultivation, residing on that farm until coming to Manning in 1881. Until within the last few years he has been actively engaged in farming, an avocation to which he was reared. He was one of the first settlers of Manning, and owns one of the finest residences in the place, which he now occupies. When the Manning postoffice was established, in November, 1881, Mr. Smith was commissioned its postmaster, holding that oflice until the change of admin- istration, when he resigned, September 30, 1885. Beside his farm on section 6, Warren Township, he owns eighty acres on section 7 and forty acres on section 17, of the same township. Mrs. Smith is conducting a suc- cessful business at Manning, in the millinery and dressmaking line. In the religious as well as the social interests of Manning, Mr. Smith takes an active part. He is a member of the Christian church. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order, belonging to Man- ning Lodge, No. 122, I. O. O. F., in which he has filled all the highest offices. In poli- tics he has been an active Republican since the organization of that party. «*»»5*^f^-" •RIAH C. JONES, M. D., one of the leading physicians of Carroll County, and one of the pioneer physicians of Breda, was born in Clinton County, Indi- ana, in the year 1842. In 1852 he removed to Poweshiek, County, Iowa, with his father, who was one of the early settlers of that county, where he still lives. The father be- ing a mechanic our subject was reared to mechanical pursuits. From boyhood he had is view the profession of medicine, and in early life pursued such studies as would best lay the foundation of that profession. He began the study of medicine under the pre- ceptorship of his brother, Dr. N. Jasper Jones, and attended his first course of lec- tures at the medical department of the Iowa State University, at Iowa City. Later he attended the Iowa College of Physicians and Surgeons at Des Moines, from which insti- tution he graduated in the spring of 1885. For his wife the doctor married Miss Emma Holmes, a daughter of John Holmes, of Poweshiek County. They are the parents ^■■.■■■.■.■.■■■» l! .B.«.a,«. B .»«««ll.« a il»ll.« M l, l l H l i ,M, ll . l , II .B.»,«.».». |i .B i11 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 577 of six children — Ida and Bell (twins), Laura, Charles, Lottie and Ray. Dr. Jones located at Breda, Carroll County, in the spring of 1881, and is at present the only physician of the place, although several others have practiced here for a short time. He is thoroughly educated in his profession, for which he seems to possess a natural adapta- tion, and during his residence at Breda has built up an extensive practice. He now holds the position of president of the board of examining surgeons for pensions. The doctor has a pleasant home at Breda, where good taste and refinement are everywhere indicated. wo t miy n 3 1 1 £ • » ? l* «°» fAMES E. GRIFFITH, one of the few who have been identified with the in- terests of Carroll County since its earliest history, was born in Greene County, Ohio, in 1843. His father, Isaac N. Griffith, re- moved with his family to Iowa when James E. was about one year old. They resided in Henry County for some time, then removed to Mahaska County, where the father settled on Government land which he had previously located. He had some trouble in holding his claim, and it was "jumped" during his ab- sence, but he succeeded in establishing his right to the land. About 1856 the father removed with his family to Montezuma, Poweshiek County, where he embarked in the mercantile trade. In 1869 he came to Carroll, where he still resides. Our subject was reared in Poweshiek County, and edu- cated at Grinnell College. In 1864 he com- menced the study of law at Iowa City, and was admitted to the bar at Montezuma in 1866, where he practiced until he came to Carroll in the spring of 1867. He was the first attorney in Carroll County, and has been well known as one of the most successful business men for nearly twenty years. For ten years he was associated with the Hon. John K. Deal, the present State Senator ot this district. The firm • of Griffith & Deal did a general law, banking and real estate business. Mr. Griffith's business house was destroyed by fire in 1884. In 1886 he re- built, and his brick building is one of the finest structures in the county. It is 30 x 100 feet, two stories in height, with basement. The cost was about $10,000, and it is located on lot 11, block 23. Mr. Griffith has practi- cally retired from the practice of his pro- fession, and devotes his attention mainly to loaning money, and insurance. He is a Re- publican in his political views, having cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1864. In 1869 he was united in marriage with Miss Hortense Tnttle, a daughter of John F. Tut- tle, formerly a resident of Carroll, where ' he lived until his decease. Mr. and Mrs. Grif- fith have two children — Ed. and Ola. They are members of the Presbyterian church at Carroll. — -HHmHH- — |ETER LAMONT, farmer, section 22, Pleasant Valley Township, is one of the *^fe successful and enterprising citizens of Carroll County. He is a native of Argyle- shire, Scotland, born February 11, 1844, son of Peter and Nancy (McKeller) Lamont,who were the parents of five children, of whom our subject was the fourth child. When he was about three months old his parents came to America and located in Cortland County, State of New York, where he was reared and educated in the schools of that State. Arriving at the age of manhood, he was united in marriage February 14, 1872, with Miss Mary White, a native of Tompkins 578 ■■■■■■■■■■"■■■■■■m»»»m"»Hm"51 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. ■"■"■■■'■■■'■'■g County, New York, and daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James "White. Mr. and Mrs. Lamont removed to Iowa the same year, settling upon his present farm in Pleasant Yalley Town- ship, this county. Be first purchased 160 acres of land which was then in its primitive state. He has since added to his original purchase until he now owns 320 acres of as good land as can be found in Carroll County. It is in a good state of cultivation, and has been well-improved. He has a comfortable house and good, commodious out-buildings for stock. He is engaged in general farm- ing and stock-raising and feeding. Mrs. Lamont died August 20, 1877, leaving one son — George A. October 22, 1878, Mr. La- mont was united in marriage with Filena Owens, who was born in Huron County, Ohio, arid reared in Johnson County, Iowa. Her parents were John and Caroline (Tan- ner) Owens. Mr. Lamont is a Republican in politics and a strong advocate of the princi- ples of that party. He served as township clerk five years, has also served as member of the school board, and belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church. > ; > i ; « |ICHOLAS BEITER, proprietor of Beit- ful er's meat market, Carroll City, Iowa, is a native of Prussia, Germany, born March 21, 1847, a son of Francis and Kate Beiter. He came to the United States in 1866, and settled in the town of Allentown, Pennsylvania, where he lived three years. From there he came West and lived in Chi- cago eight months, and in 1870 came to Iowa and lived in Clarence, Cedar County, four years, and in 1874 came to Carroll County and bought forty acres of land in Grant Township. He also owns a house and lot in Carroll, where he lives, and the build- ing where he is engaged in business. He is one of the prosperous and influential citizens of Carroll City, and is highly respected in business circles. He has served as a mem- ber of the city council six years, as school director six years. He was married in Cedar County, Iowa, in 1872, to Nancy J. Brighara, a native of Yermont, born in 1849. She died in 1881, leaving four children — Frank, John, Helen and Joseph N. In 1884 Mr. Beiter married May Heath, who was born in Illinois in 1866. They have one child — Grover C. Mr. Beiter is a member of Secret Lodge, No. 264, A. F. & A. M. In politics he is a Democrat. AMUEL BOWMAN, one of the county supervisors of Union Township, resides If" on section 13. His farm comprises the south half of the northeast quarter of the section, where he settled in the spring of 1880. He purchased his farm of James Callinan, by William Culbertson, of Carroll. It was wholly unimproved, but is now in a good state of cultivation. His buildings, which are substantial and comparatively new, cost about $1,500. Mr. Bowman was born in Switzerland, December 20, 1845. His father, Samuel Bowman, immigrated with his family to America in 1846, and settled in Philadelphia. The father was a weaver by trade, and pursued this occupation in the factories of the Quaker City during his resi- dence there, which was about nine years. In 1855 the family removed to Muscatine, Iowa, and after a residence of two years in that city they located on a farm. The mother died in 1882, and the father still lives in Muscatine County. They had eight sons and one daugh- ter, all of whom x are residents of Iowa. Our subject is the only one living in Carroll a «» B m aE W ^» m ro«i« a B aa,M M ia .M.a«»,w. w . l ii_ w „w. ia «.a aa iij„s i .B,„a gWaii; «-t n -, >'; .-| BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES. County. He was reared to farm life in Muscatine County, and married Miss Sophia Brunner, daughter of George Brunner, a pioneer of Muscatine County, where he still lives. Mrs. Bowman was horn in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1850. Mr. Bowman purchased his farm in 1879, and lived about a year in Greene County, not far from his present home. He now owns 120 acres of land in "Willow Township, that county. Mr. and Mrs. Bowman have seven children — Nellie May, Clara D., Dennis R, Mary, Verena R, Minnie and Estella. Arthur is deceased. Politically Mr. Bowman is a Democrat. He is a member of Coon Rapids Lodge, K. of P., and is the present school director of his district. ►*-*< |B. L. S. STOLL, physician and surgeon at Arcadia, and special agent of the German Insurance Company, of Free- port, Illinois, also notary public, is one of the pioneers of Carroll County, having been a resident here since February, 1874. He was born in France April 15, 1845, son of An- thony and Elizabeth Stoll, who came to America when our subject was eight years old, locating in St. Clair County, Illinois, thence to Dubuque County, Iowa, in 1855, and were among the early settlers of that county. The doctor passed his youth in assisting at farm work until he was about thirteen years old, when he engaged in carriage making, at which he worked three years, and was then employed as clerk in a drug store at Dyers- ville, this State. He afterward became pro- prietor of the business, and continued it until 1874. In the meantime he read medi- cine with Dr. James S. Eundall, of that place, who was a prominent physician and examining surgeon. In 1874 he removed to Arcadia, where he engaged in the practice of his profession, and also opened up the first drug store in that lively and prosperous little town, being one of the early physicians of the county. He has been in the employ of the German Insurance Company for many years, having acted as local agent at Dyers- ville for some time, and has faithfully worked for that company as special agent since 1874. November 19, 1867, the doctor was united in marriage with Miss Sarah E. Trentor, of Dubuque County, Iowa, and they have one son— W. W., now engaged in the drug busi- ness at Manning. He is eighteen years of age and a bright, intelligent young man. Politically the doctor is a Democrat. He has served as coroner two years, also as councilman of Arcadia several terms. Mrs. Stoll was born in Virginia, and was a daugh- ter of Jacob Trentor. Her great-grandmother was the first white woman that crossed the Mississippi Biver, at Dubuque. She died at Atlantic, Iowa, at the age of one hundred and ten years, in 1886. ~&**-f~- F. EVERTS, farmer, section 29, Rich- land Township, was born in Cattarau- 01 gus County, New York, September 25, 1846, son of Charles and Angeline (Kemory) Everts, who were the parents of seven children. "When be was eighteen years old his parents came to Iowa, locating in Liberty Township, Scott County, where he worked out by the day, month and year from farm to farm until December 14, 1873, when he was united in marriage with Miss Edith Hickson, daughter of John and Edith Ann (Shemard) Hickson, who settled in Scott County in 1839, being early pioneers of that county. In January, 1874, Mr. Everts came to Carroll County and purchased 160 acres iS *^^S^ SE^!^S'^^ m » m » i » ^ ^^^^^SaSSB^S M&^S^M »M™M™M M M™»™M™»»»™™ M M , 'M Ml ia — M^M^M™* 580 HISTORY OF OABBOLL COUNTY. of land, forty of which were broken. He has added to his first purchase until his farm now contains 240 acres of well-improved land. He has a good residence, a fine barn, 34 x 40 feet, and other good farm buildings for stock, hay and grain. Mr. . and Mrs. Everts are the parents of four children — Hattie E., Hannah L., Thomas W. and Edith Ann. Politically Mr. Everts is a Republican. He started in life without means, but by indus- dry and good management he has acquired a fine property, and is one of the leading men of the township. sSBUN C. INGLEDUE, one of the active and enterprising agriculturists of Warren Township, where he is engaged in farming and stock-raising on section 22, is a son of "William and Phoebe (King) Ingle- due, who were natives of Ohio, and among the- pioneers of Marshall County, Iowa, where they settled in July, 1856. Of the seven children born to them our subject was the second child, and was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, October 10, 1852. He was but a child when he was brought by his par- ents to Marshall County, Iowa, and there he was reared to agricultural pursuits. At the age of twenty-four years he came to Carroll County, locating where he now resides in Warren Township, where he has since fol- lowed his chosen avocation, converting his land from a state of nature into a well-improved farm, which contains 160 acres of valuable land, and he is now classed among the well- to-do farmers of Warren Township. October 26, 1876, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary McDaniel, a native of Pennsylvania, born March 3, 1857, her parents, E. and Har- riet McDaniel, being natives of the same State. They are the parents of three chil- dren—Ethel J., born October 26, 1877; Har- ry E.. born September 12, 1879, and Eobert C, born October 22, 1883. Politically Mr. Ingledue affiliates with the Republican party. ►*Mf. R. EDMUND B. TOUNE, residing on section 13, Newton Township, was born in Hudson, Summit County, Ohio, June 6, 1828, the eldest of five children born to Rial K. and Clara (Thompson) Toune, his parents being natives of Connecticut. He was educated principally in the Western Re- serve College, of Hudson, Ohio, and in his youth learned the trade of carpenter and joiner. In 1846 he began the study of medi- cine with Dr. I. Toune. In 1848 his father removed with his family to Winnebago County, Illinois, when E. B., the subject of this sketch, pursued his studies under thepre- ceptorship of his uncle, Dr. D. K. Toune, with whom he read medicine one and a half years. He attended Rush Medical College in 1849 and 1850, since which he has been principally engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1850 he settled in Danville, Wisconsin, where he remained one year, go- ing thence to Bellevue, Jackson County, Iowa, and a year and a half later located in Sabula, of the same county, where he prac- ticed medicine for six years. He then re- moved to Cedar County, Iowa, where he made his home for many years, and there built up a large and lucrative practice. He came to Carroll County from Cedar County, locating in Carroll ton, where he was engaged in the drug business for a time, and during his residence at that place he held the office of postmaster for two years. He subse- quently returned with his family to Cedar County, and in 1876 came again to Carroll County, locating where he now resides, and II «„M J .ai„M,ll_» t .MI.M.B.», a«a B ,»«Bim , M„ia„UI„ M M B .IU.BI„B,Jl .M, » „ 1 m W.B IW W -W„ie» M IM BIOGRAPHICAL 8KET0HES. 581 has since devoted some attention to farming and stock-raising. " He has been prosperous through life, and is now the owner of 420 acres, sixty acres located on section 13 and 360 on section 14 of Newton Township. Dr. Tonne has been twice married. August 8, 1853, he married Martha A. "Wood, who was born in Newport, New York, April 19, 1829, a daughter of Thomas and Melinda Wood. Seven children were born to this union, as follows — Charles E., born March 11, 1854; Cora A., April 12, 1855; Edwin W., born October 6, 1856, died October 18, 1857; Etta A, August 12, 1858; Edwin W., Janu- ary 12, 1861; Dennison O., April 15, 1862, and Martha A., born January 18, 1865, died October 17, 1865. Mrs. Touue died June 28j 1865, aged thirty-six years and two months. Dr. Toune was again married July 27, 1874, to Anjaline Herrald, a native of West Yirginia, born June 11, 1847, her father, Noah Herrald, being a native of Virginia. To this union have been born two children — Jay King, born March 12, 1880, and Clara M., born June 27, 1884. In poli- tics the doctor affiliates with the Republican party. jHf-. fEANK TUEECHEK resides on section 14, Pleasant Yalley Township, where he settled in the spring of 1881. He bought his place in 1880 of the Henry Zer- bee heirs, it being at that time wholly unim- proved. His land is in the exact center of the township, forty acres being in each quar- ter, thus making 160 acres. His residence and farm buildings are good, and he has an orchard of half an acre, and a good grove of forest trees. Mr. Turechek is a native of Bohemia, born in 1851, a son of Mathew and Barbara Turechek. In 1864 his parents with their six children came to the United States, and lived in Cleveland, Ohio, until the spring of 1865, when they moved to Newport, Ken- tucky, and thence in 1866 to Johnson County, Iowa, where they still live. One child was born to them in America, and their whole family of five sons and two daughters are living, our subject being the eldest. He was married in Johnson County, Iowa, in 1875, to Mary Prochaska, who was born in that county in 1858, of Bohemian parentage. Her father is deceased and her mother now lives in Carroll County. Mr. and Mrs. Turechek have three children — Mary, Joseph and Edward. In politics Mr. Turechek is a Democrat. r-SMf., HOMAS L. PAEKEE, farmer, section 22, Union Township, settled upon his present farm in February, 1883. It is a part of a tract of land that his father, Asa L. Parker, located in 1874. He was born in Holmes County, Ohio, in 1843, and in 1852 came to Cedar County, this State. He was reared on his father's farm and educated in the public school. During the war of the Eebellion he was in the State service six months. He came to Carroll County in the fall of 1870, but settled just over the county line, in Audubon County, where he lived seven years. From there he went to Bing- gold- County, where he lived four years, and in 1881 returned to Carroll County. He was married in Cedar County to Miss Eosan- na Hilan, daughter of David Hilan, who came from Ohio to Cedar County in 1847, and lived but a short time after the family reached Iowa. He left two children Mrs. Parker, aged eleven months, and James, aged three and a half years. The mother again married after the death of her husband, and mi f m 582 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. by this marriage had two ' children. She died in 1860. James, the brother of Mrs. Parker, is also deceased, so that she is the only living member of her father's family. Mr. and Mrs. Parker have seven children — Albertie, Alice, Maude, Elmer, Kichard, Beulah and Asa L. C. QUINT, farmer, resides on section 32, Grant Township, and is one of the ' Q pioneers of Carroll County. He was born in Somerset County, Maine, July 7, 1839. His parents, John C. and Abigail (Bickford) Quint, were natives of Maine, and had eleven children, eight of whom lived to be grown. S. C. was the youngest of seven boys/ He was reared to farm work, and obtained his education in his native State. When he was fourteen years of age his parents removed to Michigan, locating in Berrien County, where they were among the first settlers. During the great Kebellion, Mr. Quint enlisted, October 21, 1861, in Company K, Twelfth Michigan Infantry. He was in the battle of Shiloh, under General Prentiss, his regiment being among the first in that engagement. He was also at the battle of Corinth, and several other important engage- ments. He served until the close of the war, and was honorably discharged February 25, 1865, and returned to his home in Michigan. April 12, 1866; he was married to Miss Mary A. Broccus, a native of Michigan, and daugh- ter of Abraham and Abbey (Smith) Broccus, formerly of Pennsylvania, and pioneers of Berrien County. They were the parents of ten children, Mrs. Quint being the third child. Mr. Quint resided in Michigan until April, 1867, when he removed to Calhoun County, this State, where he lived three years, and improved a farm near Lake City. In 1869 he sold, and came to this county, where he bought eighty acres of land in Pleasant Valley Township. In 1881 he sold, and purchased his present farm, where he owns 280 acres of good land. His buildings are all large and commodious and in modern style. His farm is well watered by Swan Lake, and by good wells and a wind-mill. He carries on the dairy business quite exten- sively, and the butter made at Swan Lake farm is second to none in the county. Mr. and Mrs. Quint are the parents of six chil- dren — Laura L. Byerly, Ora M., Adelbert A., Henry B., Melvin Eugene, and Goldie M. Mr. Quint is a Republican in politics, and a member of Jeff. C. Davis Post, No. 44, G. A. B.., at Carroll, and is also a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. AYID HILAF, deceased, came to Iowa in July, 1847, accompanied by John Parr. They came from Ohio, and located in Cedar County, in a thinly settled portion of it. Deer and other wild game was abundant, and they were occasionally cheered (?) by the scream of the panther. They once received a call from one of these dreaded creatures. The panther came inside the enclosure and made a meal off a slaugh- tered porker which was left hanging outside. Butthey were not discouraged by such troubles, being possessed of the courage that charac- terized the early pioneer. Being regardless of personal danger, and possessing kind hearts and willing hands, they were well cal- culated to endure the toils and privations of pioneer life. These men were like brothers, and always ready to lend a helping hand when required. So when David Hilan was called to the assistance of a neighbor, whose home and property were threatened with ■ ■ -■-"■ ■ -■. « ■ -"» m m m m » a , a m MnW rj j i srgm - 3 pr EZ ■«™m — iWm J! BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 583 destruction by a prairie fire, that terrible scourge of early days, he quickly responded, and as the result proved, lost his life in the effort to save his neighbor's property. After struggling manfully against the fire demon, he fell, completely exhausted and overcome by the terrible heat. The home was saved, but a precious life was lost. In one week the husband and father was taken from the young wife and two small children, leaving them to battle with the trials and hardships of pioneer life alone. Then it was that John Parr, his brother-in-law, proved his sterling worth and affection, by taking the desolate ones to his own home, and caring for, and rearing as his own, the children of his dead friend and brother, until they could care for themselves, although he had a large family of his own. But John Parr's heart and home were always open to the needy and afflicted, and no one was ever turned away. In later years, during the trying time of " mob law," when the vigilantes terrorized the eastern part of Iowa, he stood bravely in defense of law and order. Although many of his friends and neighbors were enlisted with the vigilantes, he was a Republican and pat- riot, as well as loyal to civil rule. During the great Rebellion he gave two of his sons, who sacrificed their lives in the service, one dying in a dreary Southern hospital, and the other coming home to die, after receiving an honorable discharge. John Parr lived in Carroll County two or three years, and a short time before his death removed to Ne- braska, with his son, where they had pre- viously lived a few years. There the faithful wife and companion of his toils was buried, and there his feet . turned in his old age to rest beside her. He died in May, 1884, leaving four children, • two sons living in Nebraska, and two daughters, who are resi- dents of Carroll County — Mrs. O. C. Trip- lett, of Coon Rapids, and Mrs. D. Anderson, of Union Township. To such men as Mr. Hilan and Mr. Parr Iowa owes much of her greatness, and to such she owes a grateful remembrance. fA. CHARLES, attorney at Arcadia, has been identified with the interests -^r Q of Carroll County since 1878. He was born in Noble County, Indiana, August 17, 1849, son of A. F. and Eliza Charles. He was left an orphan at the age of three years, and was reared at Beaver Dam, Dodge County, "Wisconsin, until 1864, when he came to Iowa and located at Iowa City, graduating at the State University in 1876.' He then located at Bellevue, Jackson County, this State, where he practiced his profession until 1878, when he removed to Arcadia and became a partner of J. C. Engleman, now of Carroll, in the practice of law. Here he has since resided, and has built up a good prac- tice. He was married December 24, 1878, to Miss Mary E. Wilson, of Iowa City, a lady of superior accomplishments and authoress of some note, her nom de plume being Ethel Ashleigh. Mr. and Mrs. Charles have one child — Clare L. Politically Mr. Charles is a Republican. » 3 n £ « Ij^R. J. J. DESHLER, physician and sur- geon, of Glidden, Iowa, is a native of Aaronsburg, Pennsylvania, born July 27, 1857, at Turbotsville, the only son of Dr. E. J. and Maria (Jordan) Deshler. He grew to manhood in his native State, receiv- ing his education at Pennhall, Pennsylvania. He began the study of medicine with his father, and graduated from the College of 'EfiSSiHSlE HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. Physicians and Surgeons at Baltimore, Mary- land, March 3, 1880. September 21, 1881, he was married to Miss Ella E. Hemphill, of Belleville, Pennsylvania, and to this union has been born one child, W. E. J. Dr. Deshler commenced the practice of his chosen profession with his father, with whom he was associated some three years at Aarons- burg, Pennsylvania. October 25, 1883, he came to Carroll County, Iowa, and located at Glidden, and being unusually skilled in the knowledge of his profession he has succeeded in establishing a large practice. He gives special attention to the diseases of females and general surgery, and holds consultation either in English or German. He is Exam- ining Surgeon for the United States Pension Department; Fidelity Insurance Company, of Philadelphia; Southwestern Insurance Company, of Marshalltown ; United States Accident Association, of New York City, and Knights' of Pythias Insurance Associa- tion, of Iowa. The doctor is a member of the Knights of Pythias, belonging to Lodge No. 27, of Glidden. » it i ; « [||ENJAMIN J SALINGER, attorney at law, and one of the leading and influ- ential citizens of Manning, was born in the province of Posen, Germany, May 14, 1860, a son of Louis and Rosalie Salinger. The family crossed the ocean in 1871, land- ing at New York August 30, and from there came directly to Iowa, locating at "Waverly. The parents are now making their home in Butler County, Iowa. Benjamin I., the sub- ject of this sketch, received liberal educational advantages in his youth. He commenced his law studies in the office of Gray, Doherty & Gibson, at Waverly, and subsequently en- tered the law office of Chase & Covill, at Webster City, Iowa. During his law studies at Webster City, in order to meet expendi- tures, he engaged in teaching school, and after leaving the office of Chase & Covill was engaged one year in the public schools of Fort Dodge. Before reaching an age allow- ing him to be admitted to the bar he opened an office at Spencer, the county seat of Clay County, which he closed a few months later. He was admitted to the bar in this district before Judge Loofbourow, at Audobon, in 1881. Mr'. Salinger was united in marriage in Cherokee County June 5, 1880, to Miss Lucy M. Boylan, who was born at Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, December 29, 1865, and to this union have been born three children — : Daisy R., Benjamin I., Jr., and Louis H. (twins). Mr. Salinger was one of the first settlers of Manning, and was the first prin- cipal of the public schools of this place, and has ever since been one of the active and public-spirited citizens. He is now associated with L. P. Brigham in the insurance business, and they are also largely engaged in the real estate business, buying and selling land in Carroll, Audubon, Shelby and Crawford counties, and in these same counties they are genera] agents of the Council Bluffs Insur- ance Company, and are also representing eight leading Eastern mercantile companies. The loans placed through their office aggre- gate close upon $100,000 per annum. Mr. Salinger owns and occupies one of the finest residences in Manning. He has been the architect of his own fortunes. With an energy rarely found among young men, he prosecuted his studies and fitted himself for an active business life almost unaided by money or influence. In all business he has been found true to the trusts of his patrons, and has gained their confidence and esteem by his fair and honorable dealings. He has ■■■■■■■■■■■- ■-■-■-■'..-■ ■■■■.■■■■■.■■■..■■■■■i never lost his interest in the public schools, and is now a member of the school board. In politics he is a Republican. fOHN W. KAY, one of the prominent and influential citizens of CarrollCounty, and dealer in general merchandise at Dedham, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Bedford County March 10, 1826. His parents, George B. and Elizabeth, were the parents of fourteen children, our subject being the third child. He grew to manhood on a farm, being reared to the avocation of a farmer. At the age of eighteen years he began buying and selling stock, and was thus engaged for two years. He then immigrated to Bremer County, Iowa, where he lived four years, and was there engaged in operating a saw-mill and selling goods. He then sold out his business and returned to his old home in Pennsylvania, aDd a short time later returned to Iowa and engaged in selling goods in Bremer County. February 16, 1859, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah J. McDuel, a daughter of George and Sarah McDuel, of Washington City, D. C, his wife having been born there May 15, 1833. They are the parents of four children — Anna E., wife of Sidney Corbin, of Cali- fornia; Mary M., wife of C. L. "Wattles, of Nebraska; Edward L., assisting his father in the store, and George H, still attending school. In 1870 Mr. Kay came with his family to Carroll County, and engaged in the dry goods business at Carroll ton, where he resided fourteen and a half years. From Carrollton he removed to Coon Rapids, where he carried on his mercantile business two and a half years. In 1884 he settled at Dedham, where he has since carried on his dry goods business, and by fair and honest dealing and strict attention to the wants of his customers he has gained their respect and confidence and built up a large trade. Besides his business he owns a good farm in Guthrie County containing 160 acres. Mr. Kay is a member of the Odd Fellows lodge at Dedham. Politically he is a Republican. fRANCIS M. LEIBFRIED, the efficient county auditor of Carroll County, is z?> serving his second term in that capacity, his first election having occurred in the fall of 1883, and his second in 1885. At his first election F. A. Charles was his opponent, and the second time R. L. Wolfe was the opposing candidate. He is a Democrat in politics, and it may be remembered, as an evidence of the esteem and confidence with which he is regarded, that he is the first Democratic auditor elected in the county. At the first election he ran ahead of his ticket 125 votes, and the second time his majority was 425. Mr. Leibfried has been a resident of Carroll County since 1879, at which time he became deputy county treasurer under William Arts, serving two terms. He was born in the city of Cumberland, Alle- ghany County, Maryland, in 1847. When a child he removed with his parents to Grant County, Wisconsin, where he was reared to manhood. His father, George Leibfried, was a native of Germany, and after removing to Wisconsin, remained there until his death. The mother still survives. They had six children, five sons and one daughter. Our subject is the only child residing in Iowa. He was reared on a farm, and educated at the Wisconsin State Normal School at Platte- ville, and also at the German-English Nor- mal School at Galena, Illinois. In 1878 he entered the celebrated institution known as Ml ■b'«»«"»"u".' jWjgggtfl ■tg B»B»a"i 586 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. Eastman's National Business College, at Poughkeepsie, New York, where he re- mained until he graduated. He began teach- ing in 1870, and taught three years in Wisconsin, and about four years in Jo Daviess County, Illinois. In 1873 he was afflicted by the loss of his wife. This afflic- tion, together with his poor health, induced him to discontinue teaching, and he de- termined to take a trip West. He accord- ingly visited California and Oregon, then returned to Illinois and Wisconsin, remain- ing about one year, thence to Carroll County. He married his wife in 1871, her maiden name being Catharine Hargrafen. October 12, 1882, he was married to Miss Christina Hargrafeiij a sister of his former wife, and a native of Illinois. By this second marriage there are three children, one son and two daughters. Mr. Leibfried is a well-educated man and a worthy county officer. '-jMf-i- W. KRAUSE, deputy treasurer of Car- roll County, has served in that capacity since July 4, 1884. He has been a resident of Carroll County since March, 1870, at which time he settled in Kniest Township. Mr. Krause was born in Austria in 1847, and came to this country in 1867. His father, Anton Krause, is still a resident of Austria. He received a liberal education in his native country, and was engaged in teaching for some time previous to coming to America. He came under a contract for teaching a private school at Detroit, Michi- gan, and after remaining there one year, came to Iowa and engaged in teaching in Winneshiek County. In another year he came to this county, locating at Mount Car- mel, where he went into the grocery trade. He was also postmaster of that place for seven years. He was married in Winne- shiek County, to Elizabeth Schulte, born in Dubuque County, this State. They have had ten children, six of whom died in child- hood. Their surviving children are — Anna, now engaged in teaching ; Elizabeth, William and Walter; the latter was born in 1887. Politically Mr. Krause is a Democrat, and religiously a Catholic. His parents had but two children — Anton, a younger son, is at the old home in Austria. ' l u l l fOHN F. CHEVALIER, farmer, section 21, Union Township, owns eighty acres of land, which he has in a good state of cultivation. He erected his present residence in 1883. He has been a resident of Carroll County since 1867. The first farm he im- proved was on section 29, Union Township, upon which he settled in the spring of 1876. He sold that farm previous to locating where he now lives. . Mr. Chevalier was born in Meigs County, Ohio, in 1831, where he lived until nineteen years of age. His father, Peter Chevalier, was an early settler of Meigs County, where he lived until his death. He was a native of West Virginia. The mother was Elizabeth (Sheets) Chevalier. The father was twice married, and had four children by his first marriage, and eight by the second, John F. being a child of the second marriage. In 1850 he. went to Cali- fornia and engaged in mining. He remained in that State five years, then returned to Ohio, and soon after came to Iowa, locating in Mahaska County, where he lived nine years. He then removed to Guthrie County, and since that time has been a resident of Carroll County. He was married in Ohio in 1855 to Elizabeth Hetzer, daughter of George and Matilda (Reed) Hetzer, the former a rSZXXZmSSZmZZmU;^^ native of Maryland, and the latter of New York. Her parents had nine children. One son was killed in the battle of Winches- ter, Virginia. Mr. Chevalier had three brothers who served during the war, one of whom, Thomas, was killed at Ravenhood, West Virginia. Mr. and Mrs. Chevalier have had twelve children, and all are living except the two youngest— Cyrinthia, Almira, Philena, Philora, Elizabeth M., Arizona, John Franklin, Vernile, Homer and Martha Belle. Politically Mr. Chevalier is a Democrat. fOHN KOTAS, who is numbered among the enterprising and successful farmers of Grant Township, where he resides on section 25, is a native of Austria, born in November, 1849, a son of Joseph and So- phronia Kotas. When he was twelve years of age his parents immigrated, with their family of six children, to America, and located in Johnson County, Iowa, eight miles west of Iowa City, and there our subject was reared to manhood. He was united in mar- riage April 5, 1875, to Miss Emma Dozeall, a native of Johnson County, Iowa, and one of the nine children born to Winslow and Anna Dozeall. To Mr. and Mrs. Kotas have been born six children — Anna, Jerry, Delpha, Clara, Ernest and Birdie. In 1875 Mr. Kotas purchased his present farm in Grant Township from the Iowa Railroad Land Company, and the following year settled in Carroll County. His land was in a wild state when he bought it, and was one of the first improved farms in his neighborhood. He resided on his farm until 1881, when, on account of poor health, he took a trip to Col- orado, remaining there about six months. He then returned to Carroll County, and with his family removed to Johnson County, and thence to Vining, Tama County, where he built a hotel and store, and there carried on the hotel, and engaged in the gen- eral mercantile business some three years, when he removed to Tama City, where he acted as foreman of a force of from seventy- five to one hundred railroad men. In 1884 he returned to Carroll County, locating at his old home, and that year erected a fine substantial residence at a cost of $1,200. His farm contains 178 acres of as good land as can be found in Grant Township, and is under a high state of cultivation. Quiet, unassuming, industrious and strictly honora- ble in all his dealings, he has gained the confidence and respect of the entire com- munity. E. HOWARD, farmer, section 12, Richland Township, was born in Ox- ford County, Maine, February 25, 1844, son of Thomas J. and Olive (Bean) Howard, natives of the same State. They reared a family of twelve children, eight sons and four daughters, J. R. being the eighth child. When he was ten years old his parents re- moved to Massachusetts, where they lived two years, then went to Illinois and located in La Salle County, near Ottawa. His early life was spent at farm work and in attending the common schools. March 4, 1874, he was united in marriage with Miss Emily Sexton, of La Salle County, who was born in Norfolk, England, daughter of Stephen and Mary Sexton, who were the parents of ten children. When Emily was about three years old the family came to America and located in La Salle County, where she was reared and educated. Mr. Howard resided in La Salle County until 1875, when he re- moved to this county and located upon his '■■a'n 1 „M,Bi M n„a,tti..»„B» B a,a M a E53 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. (i present farm, having purchased 160 acres the previous year. It was known as " spec- ulator's land." He has improved his farm until it equals any farm in the township. He owns 200 acres, and it is in a good state of cultivation. He has a nice cottage, situated on a fine lawn and surrounded with shade trees. He has good farm buildings for stock and grain, and a thrifty orchard. Mr. and Mrs. Howard are the parents of four chil- dren — Efiie D., Charles K, Olive Mabel and Benjamin F. Politically, Mr. Howard is a Greenbacker, and a strong believer in the principles of that party. He has served as road supervisor, township trustee and mem- ber of the school board. He takes an active interest in all enterprises that advance the welfare of his community. S. "WINE, one of the early pioneers of Western Iowa, was born in Hardin 1° County, Ohio, February 4, 1837. His father, "William "Wine, was born in Wheeling, Virginia, and reared in Ohio. He married Rachel Statts, a native of Pennsylvania, and they reared a family of eight children, of whom our subject is the third. When he was three years old his parents removed to Grant County, Indiana, where they lived four years, then removed to Lagrange County, same State, remaining there until our subject was sixteen years old. He was reared a farmer, and obtained his education in the common schools of his father's district. At the age of sixteen he made a visit to the Western coun- try. He first stopped at Des Moines, then but a small village, where he engaged in chopping wood and clearing the ground where the State capitol now stands. Lots could then be purchased for from $10 to $25. Here Mr. Wine lived until 1857; he then removed to Sac County, where his father had settled in July, 1855, when there were but eleven families in the county. He lived in Sac County about three years. He was married December 17, 1857, to Miss N. S. Montgomery, a native of Putnam County, Indiana. This was the first marriage on record in Sac County. In 1858 Mr. Wine removed to Linn County, Missouri, where he lived three years, then returned to Iowa, locating in Madison County. August 11, 1862, he enlisted in Company H, Twenty- third Iowa Infantry, and was engaged in the battles of Port Gibson, Champion Hills, Black River bridge, siege of Vicksburg, Fort Esperanza,Texas, Spanish Fort, Alabama, and in all the battles of the regiment. He was honorably discharged July 26, 1865, at Harrisburg, Texas, and returned to his home in Madison County, In the spring of 1866 he came to Carroll County and located upon his present farm in Union Township. He owns 154 acres of land, which at the time he bought it was in its wild state. He has improved it until the Wine farm is known as one of the best farms in the township. He has a good residence, built in 1878, at a cost of $1,000, a good barn and orchard. Mrs. Wine died July 22, 1877, having had five children, three were living and two were dead — Lucretia J., Isabella E., Ida May, Willard W. and James F. Mr. Wine was married to his present wife, formerly Mary P. Mulloy, September 23, 1879. She was born in Dublin, Ireland, a daughter of Francis and Mary Ann (White) Mulloy. At the age of nineteen years she married Coote C. Mulloy, and came to Carroll County in 1858. Mr. Mulloy died March 31, 1871. In 1860 he removed to Vermillion, Clay County, Dakota, and two years later went back to Ireland, where they lived four years, then returned and came to Carroll County. i*i* Ba**i—» — THH , "~TMi Ha ■■"■ ~~w^r~~ ■»—- ■•■i— «■■— ^■ —— m»— BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. ;■., ■,».,■.. ■„■„,■ Mr. and Mrs. Mulloy had five children — Francis, Mary, Frances Margaret, Coote and Caroline. Politically Mr. Wine is a Repub- lican. He is a man that is highly respected in his community. «~»«§«4m£*§«'«~ ■ (EORGE W. PAINE, one of the early settlers of Carroll, and a prominent member of the Carroll County bar, located here in 1872. His paternal ancestors were among the early Puritans of New Eng- land. He was born in the town of North East, Dutchess County, New York, where his great-grandfather, Joshua Paine, settled in 1749. The latter was a grandson of Thomas Paine, Jr., who, in 1621, when but ten years of age, landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts, from England, his father having joined the Plymouth colony only a few months after the landing of the pilgrims from the May- flower at Plymouth Rock. Thomas Paine, Jr., in 1680, purchased land of the Indians in the town of Truro, Massachusetts, upon which some of his descendants yet live. The father of our subject, Barnabas Paine, was a soldier in the war of 1812, and was one who volunteered to defend New York when that city was threatened by the British. His grandfather was a soldier in Queen Anne's war. His mother was formerly Harriet Powers. Her grandfather, Yost Powers, immigrated from Germany in 1758, and set- tled in Dutchess County, New York. Mr. Paine was reared in his native county, and educated at Armenia Seminary. He began the study of law in 1845, when but sixteen years of age, at Salisbury, Connecticut, with John H. Hubbard, Esq. In 1848 he went to Newburg, New York, and continued his studies with the late Judge John J. Monell. In January, 1849, he entered the law school 42 at Cherry Yalley, New York, and was ad- mitted to the bar at Albany May 7 of that year, the day before his twenty-iirst birthday. July 1, 1849, he opened a law office in Poughkeepsie, New York, and continued the practice of law in Dutchess County until 1860. He then went to New York City, where he had a successful practice for a number of years. Failing health compelled him to come West, where he soon established a large and lucrative practice, and he recov- ered his health to a great extent. Mr. Paine is noted for his superior legal attainments, and as a citizen is esteemed for his many excellencies of character. Politically he was formerly a Whig, casting his first presidential vote for General Winfield Scott. He has affiliated with the Republican party since its organization. He and his wife are Congre- gationalists, and were for some time members of Beecher's church in Brooklyn. They have one son — Theodore, born in Dutchess County in 1852, now residing in Carroll. » i t l £ « SA ELLIOTT, dealer in fancy and domestic groceries, Carroll City, Iowa, is a native of Ohio, born in Darke County in 1845, a son of George and Hettie (Dunham) Elliott. He was reared on a farm, remaining at home until 1863, when he enlisted in the defense of his country and was assigned to Company D, Eighty-eighth Ohio Infantry. He served faithfully about twenty months, and was mustered out in 1865, at the close of the war. After his return home he remained on the farm several years, and then in 1868 came to Marengo, Iowa County, Iowa, and then to Carroll City in 1885 and embarked in his present business on the south side of Fifth street. He keeps a complete assortment of everything in his line. He is a popular Uf HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. tradesman, and has by his accommodating ways and fair prices built up a successful business. Mr. Elliott was married in Iowa in 1870 to Yictoria Hollopeter, a native of Ohio, born in 1852. They have had seven children, but three of whom are living — Clara Adell, Bessie E. and Kella May. Cary E., Artie, George D. and an infant daughter are deceased. Mr. Elliott is a member of the Masonic fraternity. **~ ,l, *ir ,l> '3*~*S(»r Hl, " 40 *~ fAPTAIN OLIVEE HOETON, Eich- land Township, section 20, is one of the ,„ I pioneers of the township. He was born in Bedford County, Pennsylvania, October 12, 1829, son of Jonathan and Elizabeth B. (Hamilton) Horton. He was the oldest of six children, and was reared on a farm, re- ceiving his education in his native county. Upon reaching his majority he was united in marriage, December 30, 1850, with Miss Louisa Grove, also of Bedford County. During the great Eebellion Mr. Horton was among those who went forth in defense of the old flag. He enlisted August 2, 1862, in the One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Penn- sylvania Infantry, a member of Company D. He served nearly three years. December 1, 1862, he was promoted to Orderly Sergeant, and January 21, 1863, to Second Lieutenant, and to First Lieutenant October 21, 1864. For gallant conduct on the field he was pro- moted to Captain February 14, 1865. He participated in the "Wilderness campaign, was with General Sheridan's command during his Shenandoah campaign, and was in the engagement before Petersburg. He was honorably discharged July 2, 1865, and re- turned to his home in Bedford County, Penn- sylvania. In October, 1865, he came to Iowa, locating in Jackson County, where he lived until 1869, then came to Carroll County and settled in Union Township a short time. He then came to Eichland Township, locating on section 31, where he lived about six years. In 1874 he bought his present farm, where he has since resided. It was then wild land, but he has irriproved it until it is one of the best farms in the township. He has 160 acres of land, a good residence and comfort- able farm buildings. Mr. and Mrs. Horton have nine children — Joseph G., Andrew J., William H., James A., Eobert A., Mary J., Iola W., Annie L. and George E. Two chil- dren, Elizabeth and Lucinda, are deceased. Politically the Captain is a Democrat. He has served as member of the board of super- visors several years, and as member of the school board. He is at present serving as justice of the peace. «ci i|>lj>-il»g|-t^n-jfr»-«o« f S. McKElSnSTA, M. D., engaged in the |if practice of his profession at Manning,- ^W ° is a native of Chittenden County, Vermont, born near Burlington, September 25, 1845. His parents, Frank and Mary McKenna, were natives of Ireland, and of Scotch ancestry. Both are now deceased, the mother dying at Keene, New Hampshire, and the father in Vermont. The doctor was reared and educated in his native State. On reaching manhood, like many of the ambi- tious youth of that State, he came West to seek his fortune. In the fall of 1868 he be- gan the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Thomas Gilooly, at Eeedsburg, Wiscon- sin, where he remained long enough to com- plete his study, preparatory to entering the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keo- kuk, Iowa. He has been identified with Manning since the commencement of that city, coming here among the first settlers, ii.. n «........... .,.,.„....«; ■'■ SI »»M«"M™M» » s » O. HAVENS, farmer, section 19, Glid- den Township, came to G-lidden in 1871, being one of the early settlers of town. He was born in the town of Westport, Essex County, New York, in 1830. In 1855 he went to Waukegan, Illinois. In 1862 he enlisted in Company G, Ninety-sixth Illinois Infantry, serving three years. His regiment was a part of Granger's Reserved Corps. He participated in the battle of Lookout Mountain, and several other impor- tant engagements. At Buzzard's Boost, Georgia, in 1864, he was severely wounded in the left shoulder. When he was suffi- ciently recovered he was placed on court martial duty, where he remained five months, or until the war closed. He entered the service as a private, and was mustered out as First Lieutenant. While the general health of Mr. Havens is fair, his wounded shoulder and arm give him much trouble. He con- tinued to reside in Illinois until 1871, at which time he came to Carroll County. Mr. Havens was married in Illinois to Miss Marian C. Evans, who was born in Ticon- deroga, New York, in 1838, going to Illinois with her parents when about fifteen years old. Mr. and Mrs. Havens have four children — two daughters, Charlotte M., teacher in pub- lic school, and Minnie, in District No. 3, Gliddeu, and two sons, George, a tinsmith, and Edward, a young farmer. The parents of Mi\ Havens were Asahel and Charlotte (Stoddard) Havens, who lived in the State of I .„-„-,. .*»».—»■■«.- — '»■.» — «»»« 592 HISTORY OF GAHBOLL COUNTY. New York until their decease. He has been a Republican since the organization of that party. He cast his first presidential vote for General Scott in 1852. He was adjutant of the Grand Army Post at Glidden from its organization until 1887, when he was made commander. 'RYIN N COOLEY, proprietor of restau- rant and boarding-house at Dedhaiu, is a native of Yermont, born in Pittsford, Rutland County, October 26, 1852, a son of George and Eunice (Jenkins) Cooley, his father being a native of Yermont and his mother of New. York. They were the par- ents of eight children, our subject being the second child. He was reared on the home farm with his parents till seventeen years of age, and December 31, 1869, was united in marriage to Miss Sarah R. Davis, a daughter of William and Adaline Davis. Her father was frozen to death in the pioneer days of Iowa while hauling provisions to the settlers in Cherokee County, who were snowed in at the time. To Mr. and Mrs. Cooley have been born six children — Ida M., born December 22, 1871; Jesse E., born November 29, 1873; Mary F., born October 15, 1877; Hattie E., born August 28, 1880, died May 20, 1881; Lilian F., born April' 26, 1882, died April 20, 1883; Bertha B., born November 18, 1886. Mr. Cooley farmed the old homestead in Carroll County for two years after his marriage, when he purchased his present farm, which he has since improved, living on it till 1880. He then removed to Audubon and formed a partnership with his father in the coal and grain business, remaining there two years. He then settled in Dedham, where he has since made his home, and by his strict attention to the wants of his cus- tomers, and genial and obliging manners he has succeeded well in his present business. He still owns his farm in Newton Township, and two good houses, his farm being on sec- tion 16, and containing sixty acres of choice land, a part of the old homestead entered by his parents. Both Mr. and Mrs. Cooley are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Politically he affiliates with the Eepublican party. He is a member of the Odd Fellows order, belonging to Dedham Lodge, No. 296. fOHN W. ENGLISH, section 24, Car- roll Township, is a native of Canada, born in the city of Ottawa January 7, 1824. He was left an orphan at the age of five years, and was obliged to depend, upon himself. When but ten years old he went to Palmyra, New York, and learned the trade of a saddler, at which he worked until he came to Carroll County, Iowa. In 1848 he came West and located at Racine, Wisconsin, and while living there started what is now Secor's trunk factory. When the civil war broke oat he took the contract of manufact- uring knapsacks, haversacks and cavalry saddles for the Government. In the year 1862 he removed bis, factory to Randolph street, Chicago. At the close of the war he moved on a farm in the vicinity of Ripon, Wisconsin, and in the year 1866 engaged in brick-making in Green Bay, Wisconsin, with George Ginty (editor of the Green Bay Ga- zette), as partner. In 1872 he moved to Carroll County, Iowa, where he now resides. Mr. English was married at Niagara, Canada, to Miss Jane H. Fry. They have eight chil- dren — H. J., a farmer and land agent at Clear Lake, Pocahontas County, Iowa; F. E., of Council Bluffs, engaged in selling machinery ; W. H., a farmer, of Clear Lake, Iowa; W. B SwBMa^bgBi SagfigfiBir'fi'nBB^^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. OJH G., principal of the school at Breda; Sarah, wife of J. W. Hobbs, of Jasper Township; Ernest A., photographer; E. D., a farmer in Carroll Township, and Nellie at home. Mr. English in politics is a Republican. » S i i ; a ff^ENRY D. RADELEFF, an active and enterprising citizen of Manning, was born in the province of Holstein, Ger- many, June 8, 1847, a son of Charles and Charlotte Radeleff, his father being of Eng- lish, and his mother of German origin. In the spring of 1853 the family immigrated to the United States, landing at New York City. They came directly to Scott County, Iowa, where shortly after their arrival the parents suffered the loss of their eight year old son Charles, the eldest of the children, by accidental drowning in the Mississippi River. The two years following the family lived at Davenport, where the father worked at the millwright and carpenter's trades. They then removed to Clinton County, Iowa, were the father selected Government land one mile north of where the town of Grand Mound is now situated, and commenced to improve what is now a very fine property, and is still living on this farm in the enjoy- ment of the fruits of his years of toil. He was bereaved by the death of his wife in 1871. Henry D., the subject of this sketch, is the eldest of two sons and one daughter now living. He remained under the home roof until he attained his majority, when he went to Lyons and Davenport, and there learned the blacksmith's trade. In the spring of 1869 he went to Colorado, spending the summer at Breckenridge, near the present site of Leadville, and in the fall of the same year he started on a prospecting tour through New Mexico and Arizona. In the summer of 1871 he visited California, and from there returned to Iowa. During 1872 his father left him in charge of his farm while he visited Europe. July 4, 1873, our subject bought 160 acres of land on section 14, Iowa Town- ship, Crawford County, located about two miles west of where Manning is now situated. The same season he again visited the Terri- tories, spending eighteen months in Colorado, Utah and Wyoming, working at his trade and at other employment. In 1875 he re- turned to Crawford County, Iowa. January 29, 1876, he was united in marriage to Miss Dora Georgius, who was born in the province of Holstein February 23, 1851, a daughter of Christian Georgius, of Iowa Township. They are the parents of the following chil- dren — Charles T., Rosa C, George E., Fran- cis H., "William C. and Charlotte C. Mr. Radeleff built a good substantial residence on his farm in Crawford County, and planted a grove of twenty acres, and put his property under excellent improvement, and it is now probably the best improved quarter section of land in Crawford County. He still owns his Crawford County property, besides which he owns a farm of 160 acres on section 13 of the same township, which he purchased and improved in 1881. "Wishing to live more retired, and to give his children better edu- cational advantages, he, in the spring of 1885, bought lots 2 and 3, in block 3, of Gardner's addition to Manning, and there erected a valuable residence, which he has since occupied, and is now enjoying the fruits of a well-spent life. Mr. Radeleff began life without capital, and his present fine property has been the result of his persevering in- dustry and good business management. He is a man of strict integrity, honorable in all his dealings, and is a much respected citizen. Mr. Radeleff believes in a life of good works, and rejects all creeds and dogmas. He be- —■— ■«< l ii» M M M »i,Bi l »a"«"«"«-»''«-i»iw" mMmMm". ■j* ».».■.■.■■■■»■■■■■'»■■■ HISTORY OF OABBOLL COUNTY. 1 lieves he knows how to live, and to understand and practice the duty of mau to his fellow man should be man's chief study. To borrow words, that " The proper study of mankind is man." In the full belief that to live right is to die right, Mr. Radeleff leaves to others the apprehensions and fears of the future. — »HH«- , HS , ~- , ~ — pjETEE B. STOUFFEE, dealer in drugs, books and stationery, Manning, Iowa, ^t located in Manning in March, 1884, buying the stock of Dr, A. Hi Hull. He carries a complete stock of goods in his line and has succeeded in building up a good trade. He was born in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, in 1830, and was married to Miss Mary A. Miller, of Sharpsburg, Mary- land, in 1850. He moved to Carroll County, Illinois, in 1854, and since that time has been connected with the drug business in Illinois and Iowa. T. ANDERSON, proprietor of the Pio- neer Harness Store in Carroll County, la> established his business in October, 1877, which he has since continued. He keeps a full stock of everything found in a first-class harness shop, and has a large trade, employing three or four hands. Mr. Ander- son was born in Denmark June 4, 1851, son of H. and Catherine Anderson. When he was sixteen years of age he left his native country and came to America, his first loca- tion being in Story County, Iowa. He com- menced to work at his trade in 1874 at Webster City, where he worked until' the fall of 1877, when he came to Carroll, where he has since resided. In December, 1878, he was united in marriage with Miss Mary Anderson, also a native of Denmark, and a daughter of John and Mary Anderson, of Story County. Mr. and Mrs. Anderson are the parents of four children — Minnie C, Carrie L., John T. and Lewis H. Mr. Ander- son is a member of the Masonic order, Signet Lodge, 264. By fair and honest dealing he has secured the confidence of all who know him. fOHN H. BYEKLY, one of the active and enterprising farmers of Jasper Town- ship, residing on section 32, where he has eighty acres of choice land, was born in Pennsylvania, the date of his birth being October 24, 1839. His parents, Henry and Christiana (Starr) Byerly, were also natives of the State of Pennsylvania, and were among the early settlers of Illinois, removing to that State in 1839 when our subject was an infant. John H. Byerly, the subject of this sketch, grew to manhood in Illinois, being reared to the avocation of a farmer, which he has made his life-work. He lived at home till attaining the age of eighteen years, when he began working out by the month in Ogle County, Illinois. In 1873 he immigrated to Iowa, locating in Kinggold County, where he remained until 1874. In that year he came to Carroll County and for one year lived on rented land on Brushy Fork. He then came north of Glidden and lived on rented land for four years, when he bought the farm where he has since been engaged in agricultural pur- suits, which he has brought under a fine state of cultivation. Mr. Byerly has been twice married, taking for his first wife Miss Catherine Raybuck, whom he married in 1865. To this union was born one daughter — Ida. Mrs. Byerly died April 19, 1882," and October 22, 1884, Mr. Byerly was married to I Lw^i i ^^~WM l ^»«»»"-rc«"M l ttM^re Mm«MM M g»W M Bliii^»^ M m m m m m im m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m m mj^ a j^m m m m m m m m m m m m m m u m m m K a ax'^^ m » m m^^mUm^m^m", BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 595 Miss Fracier, a native of Carroll County, Iowa, born October 22, 1865, a daughter of Rufus and Mary (Buttric) Fracier, natives of Indiana. Politically Mr. Byerly affiliates with the Democrats. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Postoffice Glidden, Iowa. A. HOOD, one of the leading citizens of Richland Township, is a farmer aud ^T® resides on section 29. He was born in North Carolina, June 22, 1842, son of A. "W. and Nancy C. (Tuttle) Hood. In 1852 the family removed to Indiana, locating in Rush County, were our subject was reared. His youth was passed in assisting at farm work and in attending the common schools. Dur- ing the great Rebellion, he enlisted August 24, 1861, in Company D, Fifty-first Indiana Infantry. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, Perryville, and Stone River. In April, 1863, Colonel Streight organized a battalion out of a portion of the Fifty-first Indiana, Eightieth Illinois, Third Ohio and Seventy-third Indiana, for a raid down the Cumberland and up the Tennessee into the enemy's country. They were taken prisoners at Rome, Georgia, thence to Libby, thence to Belle Island, where they remained about four months, and were then exchanged and granted thirty days furlough. After his return he took part in the battle of Missionary Ridge, and was with General Sherman as far as Jonesborough, where he joined General Thomas' command, and was in the engage- ment at Franklin and Nashville, Tennessee. He was honorably discharged December 16, 1864, and returned to Indiana. July 27, 1865, he was married to Miss Amanda M. Sears, of Rush County, and daughter of Alexander and Mary (Goble) Sears, and in 1870 settled in Carroll County and bought his present farm, which was then in the wild state. He now owns 240 acres of well im- proved land, a fine residence and good farm buildings. Mr. and Mrs. Hood have had eight children, three of whom are living- — Gurney T., Nettie M. and Guy "W.; the deceased are — Carrie, Charles, Stella, Walter and a babe unnamed. Mr. Hood is a member of Glidden Post, No. 291, G. A. R, also a member of the Presbyterian church. He has served creditably as a member of the school board. p?^ H. GATES, one of the pioneer physi- cians of Carroll County, is a native of Vermont, born at Castleton, in Rut- land County, November 27, 1827, a son of Elisha and Betsey (Kingsley) Gates. His father was a cousin of General Gates, of Revolutionary fame. The parents of our subject had a family of eleven children, he being the fifth child. His early life was spent in his native county, where he received a fair common-school education. On arriving at the age of twenty-two years he went to Genesee Station, Allegany County, New York, having learned telegraphy under Pro- fessor Morse. He was the forty-sixth tele- graph operator in the United States. He followed telegraphy many years, and held many important positions, and for some time was division operator. Dr. Gates has been twice married. He was first united in marriage December 25, 1849, to Miss Sarah J. Gray, a daughter of Hon. Henry Gray, of Bennington County, Vermont, and to this union were born, two children — Harley and Jennie. Mrs. Gates died in 1853, and in May, 1857, the doctor was married to Miss Mary J. Conway, of Jackson County, Iowa. ill 596 HBSggBJSgBOa5gBSg»gggMg5gMgi BISTORT OF CARROLL COUNTY. )■ ! ' if 5? This union has been blessed with six children — Albert C, Alice Y., Frank Y., Charles, Fred and Ray. Dr. Gates came to Iowa in 1855, when he located at "Wheatland, in Clinton County. June 1, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, Thirty-first Iowa Infantry, and shortly afterward was appointed Hospital Steward, and later was commissioned Assist- ant Surgeon. In December, 1863, he was promoted to Surgeon, which position he filled till the close of the war, and June 28, 1865, he received an honorable discharge. In 1869 he came to Glidden, Carroll County, when the surrounding country was mostly in a state of nature, Glidden at that time having but five houses. In those pioneer days he fre- quently, rode a distance of twenty miles to visit patients, he going to attend the sick in Guthrie, Greene and Calhoun counties, as well as in Carroll County. He is a man of strict integrity and honorable in all his deal- ings, and during his residence in the county has gained the confidence and respect of all who know him. ilIfl ILLIAM F ' EKP ' one of the leadin s "ffffiWf business men of Arcadia, is a mem- l-epJH ber of the mercantile firm of Erp Brothers. This firm was established in the early history of the town, and the three broth- ers, being energetic and enterprising business men, have succeeded well in business, having by their accommodating manners and strict attention to the wants of their customers established a good trade. In September, 1883, a frame store building, built in 1880 by I. N. Yoris and bought by Erp Brothers in 1883, was destroyed by fire. They then erected the substantial brick store, 25 x 80 feet, which they still occupy. The firm is composed of William F., D. Erp, Jr., and Claus Erp, sons of Detlef Erp, who immi- grated with his family from Germany to America in 1873. The family spent two years in Chicago, Illinois, where William F. obtained a good practical business education while acting as clerk in a business house in that city. After leaving Chicago the father settled with his family on section 7, Arcadia Township, where he improved a farm. He subsequently removed to the village of Ar- cadia, where he still lives. In connection with their general mercantile pursuits the firm of Erp Brothers do an extensive busi- ness in grain and lumber, and are classed among the active and public-spirited citizens of Arcadia. «~**§*3»-tf*§<**>i (OBEKT E. WILLIAMS, M. D., one of the leading physicians of Manning, who ^=^1 has been a member of the medical staff of Carroll County since October, 1878, was born at Dodgeville, Wisconsin, the date of his birth being March 11, 1849. His par- ents, R. R. and Elizabeth (Jones) Williams, were natives of Wales, where they spent their youth. They were married after com- ing to America, in Wisconsin, the mother being now deceased. Of the twelve children born to them our subject is the eldest. He was reared on his father's farm in the vicin- ity of Dodgeville, his education being re- ceived in the district schools, and later in the academies of Southern Wisconsin, gradu- ating from the Wisconsin State University, in the class of 1874. He completed his medical studies at Rush Medical College, Chi- cago, Illinois, graduating from that institution in the class of 1876. After two years of prac- tice among his friends and neighbors at Dodgeville the doctor came to Carroll Coun- ty, where he has, by diligent attention to his JBMgaggggSHBBPg g WjM,« ll «.» . i.ii.» .».i B «.a,.. i .i,i, l . B . » . i j n IB BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 597 profession, and conscientious performance of duty to his patients, built up a large and quite lucrative practice. The doctor has been twice married. He was first united in marriage at Blue Mounds, Wisconsin, June 6, 1882, to Miss Anna Martin, a classmate and a graduate of the same class (1874), at the State University at Madison, "Wisconsin. She died May 8, 1883, and August 12, 1885, Dr. Williams was married to Miss Emma Branson, who had taught school in the south- western part of Carroll County for the greater part of the previous ten years, and was a teacher in the Manning High School at the time of her marriage. The doctor owns and occupies a very fine residence at Manning. He has.always manifested a deep interest in the welfare of the town, and every movement calculated to aid in building up the place or developing its business has his encourage- ment and assistance. jEV. JOHJST FENDRICH, pastor of the fj Church of Saints Peter and Paul, Car- roll, Iowa, was born in Holland, No- vember 30, 1826, and was educated in Holland and Germany. He studied at the universities of Bonn and Munster, taking degrees in philosophy and theology. In 1858, having completed his preparations for priestly work, he came, to America and the State of Iowa. He first had charge of two missions in Washington County, and was next for five years at Dubuque, during which time he built a church at Charles' Mound. He was then for five years at Burlington, where he built a $16,000 academy for ladies. From Burlington he came to Carroll County, and built a church at Mount Carmel. In 1879 he visited Europe, and on his return was assigned to Arcadia, Wells County. Though now residing at Carroll, he has charge still of the Arcadia church. The reverend father has been for twenty-eight years in the service of the church, and his success in the different fields of work has been but meagrely outlined above. Though now over sixty years of age, he is in excel- lent health and vigor. fOSEPH ANNEAR, one of the success- ful farmers of Pleasant Valley Town- ship, residing on section 16, is a native of Yorkshire, England, born October 16, 1845, a son of Joseph and Jennifred (Blake) Annear. The family came to America in the year 1848, and located in Iowa County, Wisconsin, where the father died the same year. The mother and her children lived some six years in Iowa County, Wisconsin, when they removed to Richland County, Wisconsin. The parents had born to them three sons and two daughters, of whom our subject was the eldest son and second child. He was reared to manhood in Richland County, his youth being spent in working on the farm and attending the schools of his neighborhood, where he received a fair com- mon-school education. He has been identi- fied with Carroll County, Iowa, since 1865, in which year he purchased eighty acres of wild land, a part of his present farm, although he did not settle here until the spring of 1870. He was united in marriage Septem- ber 7, 1871, to Miss Jane Bedford, this being the first marriage in the township, the entire neighborhood being invited to participate in the wedding festivities. She was a daughter of Rev. Charles Bedford, of Pleasant Valley Township. Mr. and Mrs. Annear were the first to unite with the Methodist Episcopal church in Pleasant Valley Township. To HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. them have been born five children, their names being as follows: Oletha Etta, Charles Arthur, James Albert, John Blake and Lillie May. Mr. Annear has added to his original purchase and improved his land until he now owns 320 acres of Carroll County's best soil. His home farm now contains 200 acres of well-cultivated land. His fine two-story resi- dence, which was erected in 1883, is pleas- antly situated, and his barns and out-buildings are noticeably good. He has a native grove of five acres, and a good orchard covering two acres. His remaining 120 acres is located in Grant Township, one and a half miles south- east of Carroll, this farm being also well improved. In connection with his general farming he devotes some attention to raising and feeding stock. In his political ideas Mr. Annear affiliates with the Republican party. — -"■«§*>**l*~*- • [AMUEL "WILSON, residing on section 36, Union Township, came to this part of theJState in 1854. He first settled just across the line in Guthrie County, Orange Township. Carroll County was then attached to Guthrie County for judicial purposes. The first election in this vicinity was held at Copeland Grove, Carroll County. There were not more than a half dozen votes cast at that election. Mr. Wilson returned to Illi- nois with his family the following spring, but soon after came back and raised a crop on his place. Not being fully decided that Carroll County was the best place to settle, he resolved to go to Nebraska. He made the change, and located among the Indians, with whom he had spent much of his early life. This did not quite satisfy him, and he returned to the homestead, but soon after went to Tattle's Grove, where he made some improvements. In 1861 or 1862 he came to Coon Rapids, and he and Crockett Kibble built a saw-mill. Two or three years later they built the grist-mill; and Mr. Wilson sold his interest to Mi*. Ribble, after which he engaged in farming. He was born in Mount Morris, Livingston County, New York, in 1819. His father, William Wilson, was a native of Ireland, and came to America when a young man with two brothers, settling in the State of New York. When Samuel was a child his parents removed to Ohio, settling in Sandusky County, where they lived until their decease. The father died when Samuel was nine years of age, and he was bound out to learn the trade of a blacksmith. The wife of the man to whom he was bound treated him so badly, and was so abusive to him, that he did not stay to complete his trade, but escaped to the woods and joined a tribe of Indians, with whom he remained the most of the time until he reached manhood. He adopted their habits to some extent, and went with them from place to place. He was in Chicago in 1832, or rather, where Chicago now is, there being nothing but a fort there at that time. He was married in Will County, Illinois, to Miss Emily A. Huyck, born in Saratoga County, New York. Her parents were Abraham and Asenath Huyck, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Connecticut. They removed to Michigan when Mrs. Wilson was about three years old, and six years later the family moved to Will County, Illinois, where the parents passed the remainder of their days. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have had nine children, seven of whom are living — Alonzo N., Sarah E., George A., R. L., Lillie, Daniel and Net- tie. Spending so much time with the Indians, Mr. Wilson's education was extremely limited. His book knowledge was all obtained later in life, which was sufficient to enable him to become well informed on the topics of the ■^ ■■■■■■■■■■■-ia»s» ii« !■■■■■■■■■»■■■' ^ -j»«iai»B« ^»Mniiui«» ■■» ».»«»»»»»»»ii»j«a»B»B»Biii BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. B■.M-^■■li-■^l^■.Hl■■■. ^ «|l■.^^ii^^g^■ 599 day. Previous to the war he was an Aboli- tionist, but later became a .Republican, being an uncompromising Union man during the war. He had no affinity for any person that sympathized with the Rebellion to any extent whatever. Mr. Wilson is a worthy repre- sentative of the early pioneer element of Carroll County. |AUL MORROW MACLEAN is a son of Matthew and Nancy (Logan) Mac- lean, who are now residing on a farm near Columbus City, Louisa County, this State. He was born December 10, 1862, in the State of Pennsylvania, and received a good education, including one year's study at Oberlin College in Ohio. He then entered the profession of journalism, which he fol* lowed for three years at Columbus Junction, Iowa, and for the last three years at Carroll. He bought the Carroll Herald of E. R. Hastings, January 1, 1884, and at the same time leased him a half interest. In June, 1886, Mr. Hastings retired, and Mr. Maclean sold a half interest in the paper and plant to J. B. Hungerford, who is still associated with him in its management. Mr. Maclean is a member of the Masonic order and of the Knights of Pythias, and is politically a Re- publican. ■*§•*-*« f[ H. LOUTHAN, Coon Rapids, Iowa, proprietor of the Pioneer Harness Em- ° porium, is a native of "Wythe County, Virginia, born April 22, 1823, a son of James and Margaret (Gibbs) Louthan. He was the fifth of a family of seven children. He grew to manhood in his native State, remaining there until 1845, when he moved to Clai- bourne County, Tennessee, where he was married in 1846 to Miss Mary Hatfield. He lived in East Tennessee until 1850, when, with his wife and two small children, he moved to Iowa and settled in the southwest- ern part of Clarke County, near the present site of Hopeville, whe?;e he was living during what was called by the pioneers of Clarke and Ringgold counties the Indian war. The country at that time was in a state of nature, only 160 acres of land having been en- tered in the county. In the fall of 1851 Hopeville was laid out and a postoffice estab- lished, with David Newton as postmaster. In 1863 Mr. Louthan moved to Hopeville and engaged in the manufacture of boots, shoes and harness, being the pioneer in that in- dustry in the place. After the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion he went with the militia, under Colonel Edwards, to Allenville, Missouri, and a few days later was commis- sioned recruiting officer. He then returned to Iowa. He enlisted sixteen recruits and took them to Mount Ayr, where he found Captain Douglas with a company of eighty - Bix men, but no commission to leave the State. This company was turned over to Mr. Louthau, and with the 102 men he marched to St. Joseph, Missouri, and report- ed to Colonel Edwards. He then returned to Iowa, but being devoted to the cause of the Union his services were in demand, and he was employed as a spy. Under the in- structions of Hon. H. M. Hoxie, United States Marshal, he went to work on the borders of Iowa and Missouri. He joined the Knights of the Golden Circle, and soon became one of their leaders, and obtained valuable information, and at one time was captured and sent in irons to Des Moines, where he was confined a short time. At the time of the great excitement about home- stead land in Audubon County, in 1871, he -S3L 600 HISTORY OF GABBOLL COUNTY. removed to that county and lived at Exira about a year, and in 1872 moved to Carroll County, and lived in the southeastern part until 1876, when he moved to Scranton, Greene County, where he he manufactured harness until 1881, when he removed to Coon Rapids, where he has since lived. In politics Mr. Louthan is a Republican. He is serving his third term as mayor of Coon Rapids, and has held the office of treasurer two terms. He is a member of the Masonic and Knights of Pythias orders. >&*&> WILLIAM F. STEIGERWALT, coun- ty surveyor and an active and enter- al prising citizen of Carroll County, engaged in farming on section 31 of Grant Township, was born in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania, in 1843. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, and in his youth received good educational advantages. He was engaged in teaching school the greater part of the time from 1863 until 1866, when he went to Philadelphia and completed a course in what was then known as the Quaker City Business College, and here he laid the foundation of a business life and obtained a knowledge of the principles of penmanship, which resulted in his becoming an excellent scribe. He completed his com- mercial course in June, 1866, when he as- sisted his father on the home farm till the following September. He then entered the Pennsylvania State Normal School at Mans- field, Pennsylvania, where he remained three years, taking a regular normal course, and partly scientific course, and at the same time was also instructed in penmanship and book- keeping. He graduated in 1868, remaining there one year after his graduation. During his last year spent at the normal school he paid special attention to the theory of sur- veying. He then resumed teaching, and for a time was principal of the school at Donald- son, in the coal regions. After leaving his school at Donaldson he entered the Agricult- ural College in Center County, Pennsylvania, where he paid special attention to practical surveying, intending to adopt surveying as a business. In the fall of 1870 he came West, and since October of that year has been a resident of Carroll County, and has been prominently identified with the educational interests of the county longer perhaps than any other man. The winter following his arrival in Carroll County he taught school at Carroll, closing his school about the middle of February, when he was prevailed upon to open a select school, which he conducted about four weeks, when he discontinued it, the enterprise proving a failure. He then rented fifty acres of land near Arcadia, in- tending to locate here, and the next day he rode to Coon Rapids and bought a team and wagon, returning to his farm with a load of seed wheat. He rented this farm with others and together they put up stables, and here kept bachelors' hall. There had been no permanent settlement made in Arcadia Town- ship at that time. He raised a fine crop the first season. In the spring of 1871, soon after seeding his land, he purchased a half of section 23,~Washington Township, paying for the same $5 per acre, and at once located on this land, which he began to improve. Not being accustomed to breaking prairie, he had a hard time of it at first, but after a few weeks he got along better, and that season broke ninety-five acres. In the fall of that year he went back to Pennsylvania, where he taught the following winter, returning to Carroll County in the spring. He then erected a house on his land, which was occu- 55SS5EES? iu m ,m m u m a m ujjjissBjiM »Sm m m m mSi FFg^iif ■■»■■" ■ " » ■■^^■^ ■■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■-■■■. ■ ■■.■.■■■.■. ■ .■. ■i^CTmii BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 001 pied by his consin and family for a short time. The place was then occupied by a man named Jason Keys, who came from In- diana, with whom our subject made his home. In the fall of 1873 he was elected county superintendent of the schools of Carroll County, and served in that capacity two years, and at the same time assisted in im- proving his farm. After his term as super- intendent had expired he taught the following winter at Arcadia, when he returned to his farm. In the fall of 1875 he made a trip to Kansas, where he bought property in the town of Lamed, and also took up a timber claim. In June, 1876, he went to the Cen- tenial at Philadelphia, as correspondent for the Carroll Herald, remaining there two months. His farm had been rented up to this time, but he had assisted in making im- provements, building several houses on the place. In December, 1876, his sister came West with her husband, S. B. Alspach, and settled on his farm. In January, 1878, he was united in marriage to Miss Anna Colclo, her father, J. H. Colclo, being one of Carroll County's pioneers. Four children have been born to this union — Mabel, their eldest child, died aged six years; Garfield was born four days after the election of General Garfield to the Presidency, and was called in honor of him; Blanche and Samuel. In August, 1877, the father of our subject died at his home in Pennsylvania, and the following September he went East to care for his mother and look after his father's estate. After his marriage he resided for a time in the Carroll House, but since the fall of 1878 he has made his home on section 31 of Grant Township, and now devotes most of his time to agri- cultural pursuits, although, as before stated, he holds the office of county surveyor. Be- sides his home farm Mr. Steigerwalt still owns his farm in Washington Township. He takes an active interest in all enterprises for the good of his township or county, and is much respected by a large circle of friends throughout the county. ^ 3 " ! » | '- fOHN L. McQUAID, dealer in dry goods and notions, groceries, etc., is the pioneer merchant of Manning, having established his present where he is now located Septem- ber 6, 1881. He is a native of Knox County, Indiana, born September 11, 1842, a son of Joel H. and Mary A. (Cassiday) McQuaid, both of whom were natives of Kentucky. The father died in Livingston County, Illi- nois, in December, 1881, aged seventy-seven years. The mother is still living in that county at the advanced age of eighty-two years. The subject of this sketch passed his youth principally in Marshall County, Illi- nois, to which county his parents had removed. He enlisted in defense of the Union July 20, 1862, and was assigned to Company K, One Hundred and Seventh Illinois Infantry, serv- ing faithfully three years to a day. He was in the siege at Knoxville, which culminated in the retreat of General Longstreet and the rebel army upon the approach of General Sherman with his relief army in December, 1863, and was in the Twenty-third Corps under General Schofield. He joined the army under General Sherman, and partici- pated in most of the battles leading up to the capture of Atlanta, and was almost daily under fire for three months. With the Twenty-third Corps, he participated in the racing and fighting campaign against General Hood, and in the terrific battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864, and later at the battle of Nashville, where Hood's army was de- stroyed. He was transferred to Wilmington, North Carolina. He served till the close of ■2nlf • Ik i ^■■■■.■■n.«.nw; r M-M-w. i W-Wi H 6* Ki «i p .IK LIS 1; 602 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. the war, and was honorably discharged at Salisbury, North Carolina, July 20, 1865. After the war he returned to Marshall County, Illinois, where he remained until 1871. He then came to Carroll County, buying property in Arcadia, where he engaged in general mer- chandising. He was married at that place July 2, 1873, to Miss Margaret J. Goundrey, a native of the State of New York. They are the parents of three children — Elsie V., Charles A. and Edith M. Mr. MeQuaid followed mercantile pursuits at Arcadia until he came to Manning and established his present business, in which he has met with good success. Beside his business block Mr. MeQuaid owns his fine substantial residence and several lots in Manning, and business property, which he rents, in Manilla, Crawford County. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and is quarter- master of McPherson Post, No. 33, at Man- ning. Mr. MeQuaid is an officer and stock- holder in the Manning Cemetery Association, and one of the founders of the Union Fair and Driving Park Association, of which he is still a stockholder. A. WIELAND, farmer, section 11, Carroll Township, was born in Colum- L® biana County, Ohio, June 19, 1855, son of G. A. and Bridget Ann Wieland. He was the sixth of twelve children. His early life was passed on a farm, and his education was obtained in his native State. When he was eleven years of age his parents removed to Washington County. April 10, 1883, he was united in marriage with Miss Sarah Reiter, a native of Grant County, Wisconsin, and a daughter of Joseph and Mary Ann Reiter. Mr. and Mrs. Wieland are the par- ents of three children — Fannie, George S. and Emma. Mr. Wieland came to Carroll County in 1873, and in 1875 bought his farm, and commenced to improve it the following year. He owns 160 acres of excellent land, which is in a good state of cultivation and well improved. In politics he is a Democrat, and a strong adherent of the principles of that party. tOHN PARKER resides on section 22, Union Township. His farm comprises 127 acres of land, which he purchased in 1875, and settled upon it the following year. No improvements had been made, but it is now in a good state of cultivation. He erected his buildings at a cost of about $800. Mr. Parker has been a resident of Carroll County since 1874, and of Iowa since 1852. He was born in Holmes County, Ohio, in 1836, son of Asa L. Parker. His parents had thirteen children, of whom he was the sixth child. MoBt of his life has been spent in farming. In June, 1862, he enlisted in the Twenty-sixth Iowa Infantry, and served un- til the close of the war. His regiment served in the First Division of the Fifteenth Army Corps. He was engaged in the siege of Vicksburg and Arkansas Post. When Gen- eral Grant entered on the Vicksburg cam- paign, and decided to attack the enemy from below, Mr. Parker was one of the many who volunteered to run the blockade. He went aboard of one of the gunboats, and did not accompany his regiment around by land. He rejoined it in time to take part in the last charge on the enemy's works, then, with his regiment, he accompanied General Grant to Chattanooga. He took part, under General Hooker, in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. He took part in the r «l„Bii, B BiM|MB8|i„« M lllM 1 l»i l ,W M M m W M M M ,M a i«B 1 l ia„ ai aa« ! — M M > Atlanta campaign and Sherman's march to the sea, and participated in the grand review at Washington. He was married in Cedar County, Iowa, September 19, 1867, to Mary Ann Barlean, daughter of William and Mary Ann Barlean. She was born in Ohio in 1842, and in 1854 came with her parents to Iowa, who settled in Cedar County, where the father still lives. The mother is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Parker have three children — Lillian, Cora Ellen and Arthur. Politically Mr. Parker is a Eepublican, having cast his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln, in 1864. He is a member of Perry Wright Post, G. A. K., at Coon Eapids. «-5*-t£« WILLIAM JAMES MOEEOW is a son of William and Mary Ann Mor- row. They lived on a farm in Guern- sey County, Ohio, from 1848 to 1866, and then came to Linn County, Iowa, where Mr. Morrow died in 1873, and Mrs. Morrow in 1877. They were the parents of ten chil- dren, five of whom are now living. The subject of this biographical notice was born in Guernsey County, Ohio, May 1, 1854, and on account of his father being an invalid for six years before his death, William was not able to attend school after his fourteenth year. He had almost sole charge of the farm for eight years. He then cultivated a farm in Cass County for three years, after which he removed to Audubon to engage in the agricultural implement business. In the spring of 1880 he went to Bayard, where he was similarly engaged for one year. Selling out at that place, he followed the same busi- ness at Manning until May 20, 1886, since when he has given his time to the conduct of the News. Mr. Morrowt was married Jan- uary 10, 1879, to Miss Loraine Green, of USSSm^SSSSSB Atlantic. They have four children — Ealph Dale, Grover Glen, Flora Fay and Fitz Ward. Mr. Morrow is a Mason. He has been secre- tary of the Manning Union Fair and Driving Park Association since its organization in August, 1882, is foreman of the hose team of Manning, has served as councilman of the town, was appointed mayor in the autumn of 1886 to fill the unexpired term of W. F. Carpenter, and in the same autumn was chosen justice of the peace, which office he now fills. A. STEABNS, physician and surgeon, engaged in practicing at Coon Eapids, is a native of the State of Maine, born July 5, 1846, a son of L. E. and Hannah (Walker) Stearns. When he was four years of age his parents removed to Eockford, Illinois, and there he was reared and edu- cated. During the war of the Eebellion he enlisted in Company G, Forty-fifth Illinois Infantry, and participated in several noted battles of the war. He was taken prisoner at Big Shanty, and confined in the rebel prisons at Anderson ville, Milan and Florence. He was finally paroled and ordered to Ben- ton Barracks, St. Louis, where he was honor- ably discharged in July, 1865, after which he returned to Eockford, Illinois. He attended lectures at Bennett Eclectic Medical College, at Chicago, Illinois, and graduated from that' institution in the class of 1877 and 1878, receiving the degree of M. D. He was united in marriage, in 1874, to Miss Linda Faulkner, of Eockford, Illinois, and to this union have been born two children — Lee and Genevieve. Dr. Stearns practiced medicine in Tama County many years where hewas num- bered among the leading physicians, and there built up a large and lucrative practice. He makes a specialty of asthma and catarrh, and i* I (I 1 1 1 4' L i a i it in the treatment of these diseases he has been remarkably successful. In November, 1886, he came with his family to Carroll County, locating at Coon Rapids, where he bids fair to rank among the leading physi- cians of the place, and by his genial disposi- tion has already won many friends in his new home. The doctor is a member of the Legion of Honor. |OBERT HAYNER, farmer, section 10, Union Township, located on his farm *^5\ in 1881, where he owns eighty acres of land. He purchased his farm of Cyrenius E. Morris. He has been a resident of Car- roll County since July 12, 1886. At that time he was engaged in the interests of the Northwestern Railroad near Carroll, which was at that time being constructed. He kept a boarding-house, and boarded the men who were grading the road. In September of that year he went over on the "North Coon," in Calhoun County, and purchased a piece of land, which he improved and lived upon eighteen months. He then returned to Carroll and erected the hotel that was called the Raynor House, but now known as the Hoffman House. He conducted this house three years, then sold to Hoffman and bought a farm of 269 acres in Newton Town- ship. Two years later he exchanged this farm for the farm now owned by John Cop- pack, where he lived until he bought his present farm. Mr. Hayner was born in Otsego County, New York, in 1825, his native town being Maryland. When he was fourteen years old his parents removed to Tioga County, where the father lived until his death, which occurred in the fall of 1844, the day James K. Polk was elected President of the United States. The parents, Robert and Elizabeth Hayner, had nine children, one dying in infancy. Robert is the only one of his father's family that came West. He left home in 1847 and went to Crawford County, Pennsylvania, thence to Pittsburg, where he was engaged in milling for a time. Farming has usually been his occupation, but he has followed carpentering to some extent. In December, 1852, he went to Darien, Wal- worth County, Wisconsin, where he worked at farming, thence to Adams County for two years, thence to Olmstead County, Minnesota, where he was engaged in farming, thence to Goodhue County, where he purchased a farm. One year later he returned to Olmstead County, and in June, 1866, came to Iowa. He was married in Pennsylvania to Sweet, a native of Delaware County, New York. They have had nine children, four sons and five daughters, all of whom are living. Three daughters are in Dakota, and one son is in Nebraska. The other children are residents of Iowa. Mr. Hayner cast his first Presidential vote for James K. Polk in 1844. He was a Democrat until the Repub- lican party was formed, and was identified with that party until the war, since which time he has been independent. In 1876 he voted for Tilden. ' He has been an Odd Fel- low for twenty years. »-§*-*£« im H. REEVER, farmer, section 25, Pleas- ant Township, has been a resident of •° Carroll County since 1873. He was born August 10, 1842, in Adams County, Pennsylvania, son of Jacob and Maria (Hock- tiller) Reever. He was reared a farmer, and lived in Pennsylvania until 1868. During the war he served for a time in Company B, Twenty-first Pennsylvania Cavalry. The famous battle of Gettysburg was fought on a BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. jl portion of the Reever farm. In 1866 he was united in marriage with Miss Lizzie Storick, also a native of Adams County, and daughter of Adam and Eve Storick. In 1868 Mr. Reever removed to Iowa, first settling in Guthrie County, where he lived five years, then came to Carroll County. He purchased a partly improved farm, which he sold, and then bought the farm where he now resides. He owns 400 acres of as good land as can be found in Carroll County. He has a good story and a half residence, surrounded with shade and ornamental trees, and comfortable farm buildings for stock and grain. Mr. and Mrs. Reever are the parents of four children — "William, Henry, Charles and Pearl. Politi- cally Mr. Reever is a Republican, and he is a worthy and consistent member of the Methodist church and superintendent of the Sabbath-school. He considers his word as good as his bond, and is an honest, upright citizen. —HgHHf*S"~ lEV. PHILIP JOSEPH O'CONNOR was born in Ohio, June 2, 1854, and is a son of Philip O'Connor (deceased), who was by occupation a contractor. He at- tended both parochial and public schools at Ottumwa, Iowa, when a boy; at the age of fourteen, the Salesianum at Mil- waukee, and at sixteen entered the Sem- inary of Our Lady of Angels, at Niag- ara Falls. He was ordained in 1878, and during that year was sent successively to Dubuque, Clinton and Monticello. At the latter place he had charge of a parish for six years, or nearly so, and in February, 1884, he came to Carroll, and has since had charge of the parish of St. Joseph's Catholic church, which under his care has grown in numbers and influence. He is an able speaker and a 43 hard worker, and the prosperity of his church is a just reward for his arduous labors. OBERT STEVENS, retired farmer, Car- roll Township, is one of the best-known citizens of Carroll County. He is a native of Cambridgeshire, England, born June 14, 1832. His parents were Josiah and Mary (Cornell) Stevens, and they had nine children, of whom Robert was the sec- ond child. His early life was passed in as- sisting at farm labor. August 29, 1854, he was united in marriage with Miss Sophia Perry, also a native of Cambridgeshire, born June .6, 1833. Her parents, John and Lucy (Linton) Perry, had eight children, Mrs. Stevens being the seventh. Soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Stevens came to America. They first located in Bureau Comi- ty, Illinois, where Mr. Stevens bought a farm of eighty acres on section 23, Walnut Township. He improved this farm and lived upon it until 1868, then sold it and came to Carroll County. His first home in this coun- ty was on section 15, Pleasant Valley Town- ship, where he bought 160 acres of wild land, for which he paid $5 per acre. After im- proving the farm and living upon it until February, 1883, he settled in his present home, near Carroll. Mr. Stevens owns 492 acres of excellent land, which is well im- proved; 240 acres of his land are on sections 11 and 14, Pleasant Valley Township; 160 acres on section 16, Richland Township, and eighty acres on section 2, Union Township. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens are the parents of seven children — John Perry, Mary Elizabeth Mof- fatt, Emily Jane Bender, James "William, Margaret Rebecca Simpson, Lucy Helen and Alice Mabel. In politics Mr. Stevens is a 008 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. Republican, and has served in most of the township offices with credit to himself and satisfaction to his constituents. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens are worthy and consistent mem- bers of the Christian church. ptUMAN B. McCLUE, an enterprising •a Bis farmer and stock-raiser of Jasper Town- ship, residing on section 17, was born in Steuben County, Indiana, May 20, 1840, a son of John and Maria (Smith) McClue, natives of New York State. They were among the pioneers of Northeastern Indiana, and are yet living in Steuben County, aged about eighty years, and are now the only survivors of the early settlers of the township where they have made their home for so many years. There they experienced all the privations of pioneer life, but have lived to see the country change from a wild state into well-cultivated farms and thriving villages. Indians were the principal inhabitants of Steuben County when they first settled there. Truman B. McClue, the subject of this sketch, grew to manhood in Indiana, his youth being spent in assisting his father with the work of the farm and attending the district school, where he received but a limited education, but being of a studious disposition he has by close observation and study at home acquired a good practical education. He re- mained on his father's farm until twenty-one years of age, when he began working for himself. He left his native State in 1868, coming to Carroll County, Iowa, buying the farm where he has since resided October 8 of the same year, which he has converted from the raw prairie into a well-cultivated farm, all well improved. This was the first piece of land recorded in Carroll County, entered by Thomas Ford May 7, 1855. Mr. McClue is a thorough, practical farmer, as the surroundings of his farm plainly indicate, and has met with ex- cellent success in his farming operations. His farm contains 160 acres of valuable land. He is classed among the prominent stock men of his township, and is at present making a specialty of short-horn cattle. He has a fine maple grove of six acres, which lie raised from the seed, one tree, sixteen years old, measuring sixteen [inches in diameter. Mr. McClue was united in marriage January 1, 1871, to Miss Amanda Covert, her father, John V. Covert, being a native of Kentucky, and her mother of Virginia. They are the parents of two children — Charles E., born July 5, 1874, and Byron B., born November 25, 1876. Politically Mr. McClue is a staunch Republican. He takes an active interest in the affairs of his township, and has filled the offices of township clerk, township trustee and secretary of the school board. Mrs. Mc- Clue is a member of the Presbyterian church. D-JHf« M. FR1SBEE, proprietor of the Coon Rapids livery, feed and sale barn, is a native of New York State, the date of his birth being March 17, 1846. When he was six years of age his parents, Charles A. and Hannah (Yeoman) Frisbee, removed to "Winnebago County, Illinois, and subsequently lived in Ogle and Carroll counties, Illinois, our subject being reared to manhood in that State, where he was brought up to the avocation of a farmer. For his wife he married Miss Martha E. Downs, March 3, 1870, and to this union have been born three children — Hannah B., Harvey "Wilber and Gabriel Au- gusta. Since coming to Coon Rapids Mr. Frisbee has built up a first-class trade, his livery being one of the best in Carroll County. His barn is 26 x 80 feet in size, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. with sheds attached 12 x 40 feet, and has ac- commodations for as many as fifty horses. His barn is kept in excellent condition, and strict attention is paid to all the details of the business. He has now from fifteen to twenty good driving and saddle horses, and his carriages are in good condition, and by his genial and accommodating manners to his many customers, and reasonable prices, he has met with excellent success in his busi- ness. In connection with his livery Mr. Frisbee runs the Glidden and Coon Eapids Hack and Mail Line, which makes a trip daily from Coon Eapids to Glidden and re- turn. He is an enterprising and public- spirited citizeu, and takes an active interest in the advancement of his town or county, — «~«§**Hf*i»*~. — [AMUEL CHENEY was born in Shelby County, Indiana, in October, 1854. His mother, Mary Henry, is dead. His father, John D. Henry, lives at Coon Eapids, and is by occupation a carpenter. He re- mained with his parents until sixteen years old, and then learned the miller's trade in Kansas. This business he followed for eleven years, and since then has been engaged in journalism. He came to Coon Eapids in 1883, and has since given his time and ener- gies to the Enterprise. He was united in marriage October 3, 1876, to Miss Mary E. Stimpson. Mr. Henry is a Eepublican, and a member of the Knights of Pythias. §ENEY GBOTE is a native of Germany, born August 18, 1855, a son of Freder- ick Grote. When he was about two and a half years old his parents came to America and located at Council Bluffs, Iowa, where the father engaged in the manufacture of brick, and in his youth our subject worked at the same business, learning all the details of the trade. He was reared in Council Bluffs, living there until 1880, when he came to Carroll County, and located at Maple Eiver Junction, where he is engaged in the whole- sale liquor business. In addition to his busi- ness property Mr. Grote owns a fine farm of 120 acres adjoining the village. He is one of the successful business men of the village, and an influential, public-spirited citizen. Mr. Grote was married in Council Bluffs to Miss Lena Geise. In politics Mr. Grote is a Democrat, LEMENS BEUNING is one of the leading business men of Breda, Carroll County, with whose interests he has been identified since the spring of 1879, the town of Breda being at that date but a small hamlet. On settling here in 1879 he engaged in the mercantile business, which he still con- tinues under the firm name of Bruning & Son, and from the first has been one of the prominent citizens. In the fall of 1879 he bought the lumber interests of Mr. Simpson, and is still engaged in dealing in lumber, and to this business he added the sale of agricultural implements, and being a man of good business qualifications, combined with persevering industry, he has been successful in his various enterprises. Mr. Bruning is a native of Germany, born in the year 1830, and was reared in that coxxntry till attain- ing the age of eighteen years. He then, in 1848, immigrated with his father's family to America, they locating in Grant County, "Wis- consin. Clemens Bruning subsequently left Grant County for Illinois, and for some time was engaged in mining in the vicinity of Galena. He lived in Wisconsin and Illinois »7lflEM! Mik 610 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. until coming to Carroll County in 1879, as before stated. The father, J. H. Bruning, continued to reside in Grant County until his death. In politics Clemens Bruning, the subject of this sketch, is a Democrat. In his religious faith he is a Roman Catholic. He was marrried in Grant County, Wiscon- sin, to Miss Mary A. Arts, a sister of Will- iam Arts, of Carroll. Thirteen children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Bruning, of whom eleven are still living, seven sons and four daughters. ►>-»£•> § J. SCHELLE, dealer in furniture and I sewing-machines, Breda, Iowa, was born Jf Q in Germany, and came to America when a boy. His father died in Germany, and his mother afterward married Henry Janse. The family settled in Delaware County, Iowa, and afterward moved to Dubuque County, where the parents now live. Mr. Schelle passed his youth in Delaware and Dubuque counties, and in 1873 came to Carroll County and bought a farm of 160 acres in Wheatland Township, which he still owns. He also owns a fine farm of 160 acres adjoining his first purchase, which is under good cultiva- tion. In the fall of 1881 Mr. Schelle be- came established in the furniture business in Breda, and subsequently took an agency for the Iowa Marble Works, and also for several first-class sewing-machines. His was the first and is the only furniture store at Breda, and he has built up a good trade. Mr. Schelle was married in Dubuque County to Mary Berning, who died in Breda. They had four daughters, two of whom are living. His present wife was "Victoria Ludwig. They have one daughter. In politics Mr. Schelle is a Democrat. He has served his township as justice of the peace and treasurer. He and his family are members of the Catholic church, which he is serving as treasurer. ■■'- '| » in? *|h-«« ANIEL CHRISTMUS, farmer and stock- raiser, living on section 12, Eden Town- ship, Carroll County, is a native of Wales, born in October, 1826, his parents, Chris and Margaret Christmus, being natives of the same country. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, which he has made his life-work, and remained in Wales till attain- ing the age of thirty years, when he immi- grated to America, first settling in Bock Island County, Illinois, where he resided seven years. May 20, 1871, he came to Car- roll County, Iowa, making the entire trip by team, settling where he has since made his home. On coming to the county he bought 100 acres of raw prairie land, which he has since improved and brought under fine culti- vation, making it one of the best farms in his neighborhood. He has since added to his original purchase till his farm now con- tains 180 acres, 100 acres in Eden and eighty acres adjoining in Newton Township. There were few families in Eden Township when Mr. Christmus first settled there, and here he experienced many of the privations incident to the life of a settler in a new country, going to Carroll to do his trading, his mill- ing being done at Coon Bapids or Jefferson. He has on his farm a fine grove of trees which he has raised from the seed. Mr. Christmus has been twice married. He was married in Wales to a lady named Bichards, by whom he had three daughters — Maggie, who is married, Sarah and Emily. He was married a second time in 1882 to Miss Jennie Morgan, a daughter of Roland Morgan. Her parents were natives of Wales, and both died in Illinois. While living in his native W m W m a l gM a .i9 H .W aB M„M« a B !„ a m i a^^, a i B , ia M » M HMli,»B«g»i iWBg « ll ».B»l»-,lB M M , M M M,».l»,lll,M M Bl w » t . W j a BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 611 country Mr. Christmus belonged to the Odd Fellows order. He is a member of the Con- gregational church. In politics he has al- ways affiliated with the Republican party. |EORGE FERGUSON, hardware mer- chant at Glidden, is one of the old settlers of this town, dating his resi- dence from 1870. He is a native of Scotland, born in Glasgow in 1834. His father, Ben- jamin Ferguson, came to America in 1848, his family following one year later and settling in Venango County, Pennsylvania, and in 1855 removed to Bureau County, Illinois. The father was a potter, and our subject, in his youth, learned the same trade. In 1860 he went to Rock Island County, Illinois, and worked at his trade there during the summer of 1860 and part of 1861. In August, 1861, he enlisted at Rock Island, Illinois, in Com- pany A, Ninth Illinois Cavalry, and was Second Sergeant of his company. His regi- ment was mustered into service at Chicago, Illinois, September 16, 1861, and soon after went to St. Louis. From there they went to Pilot Knob, thence to Jacksonport, Arkansas, and during this time participated in several skirmishes. From Jacksonport he went to Helena, arriving at the latter place June 14, 1862, where his regiment was detailed as escort to General Benton. He was in a skir- mish almost every week while at Helena. In November, 1862, he went, under General C. C. Washburn, into Mississippi, and was on General Gorman's expedition up White River in January, 1863. In August of that year he was sent on scout duty to Grenada, Mississippi. He went to Germantown, Ten- nessee, April 13, and May 15 was in a skirmish to Cochran's Cross Roads, Missis- sippi, and was also in several battles and skirmishes until September, 1864, when he received his discharge by reason of the expiration of his term of service. After leaving the army he returned to Bureau County, Illinois, where he was married in March, 1866, to Miss Mary A. Monrose, a native of Illinois. They are the parents of two children — A. H, who is employed on the engineer corps of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Company, and Hattie I. In the spring of 1868 Mr. Ferguson left Illinois for Greene County, Iowa, and was the first settler of Greenbrier Township, where he lived on a farm till he came to Carroll County in 1870. He then bought out the hardware and implement business of M. L. Peters, at Glidden, which he conducted alone until 1876. He then formed a partner- ship with George Chambers, which continued several years, when Mr. Ferguson disposed of his interest to his partner and went to Colo- rado for the benefit of his health. In the spring of 1882 he returned to Iowa and engaged in business at Coon Rapids. In the fall of 1883 he bought out the hardware stock of Potter & Armitage, of Glidden, and has since carried on that business with good success. Politically Mr. Ferguson affiliates with the Republican party. He is a comrade of the Grand Army Post at Glidden, of which he is commander. Mi M. LYONS, banker at Glidden, was fjtw born in Chenango County, New York, 1^® in the year 1843*. When a boy he was taken by his parents to Chautauqua County, New York, and there he grew to manhood. In 1861 he enlisted in the late war, and was assigned to Company K, Ninth New York Cavalry, and served a period of four years, or until the close of the war. He was with his " n 612 ■■-■■■■■■■■■■■■■■-■■■■■■■■■■igli HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. 1 regiment in the Army of the Potomac, taking part in the Peninsular campaign under General McClellan. During the latter part of the war he served under General Sheridan in the Shenandoah campaign, and partici- pated in all the important battles under that eminent commander. He received a wound in the right leg in a skirmish in the Shenan- doah Valley, the same shot which wounded him killing his horse. His hearing was also affected while in the army, for which he now receives apension. After the war he returned to Chautauqua County, New York, and two years later he came to Carroll County, Iowa, and engaged in farming, he having purchased land in Richland Township, and also in Cal- houn County, Iowa. Later he engaged in clerking for the firm of Bruner & Browning, of Glidden. In 1875 he was appointed post- master of Glidden, which office he held until the administration of President Cleveland. Before retiring from his position of post- master he had engaged in banking, which he still continues, and is making a success of his business. He is also extensively engaged in farming and stock-raising. Mr. Lyons was united in marriage in Chautauqua County, New York, in 1878, to Miss Annie E. Jenny. Politically Mr. Lyons affiliates With the Republican party. fOHN P. HESS, cashier of the Carroll County Bank, was for four years the efficient recorder of Carroll County, his first election occurring in the fall of 1882, and his second in 1884, the last term .expir- ing December 31, 1886. He was elected on the Democratic ticket, with which political party he affiliates. Soon after this he as- sumed the duties of his present position. He has been a resident of this county since 1878. He was formerly a teacher in the township of Kniest, and still earlier taught in Black Hawk County. Mr. Hess is a native of Lux- emburg, Germany, born in 1857. Two years later his father, John Hess, immigrated to America with his family, settling in Jackson County, this State. The father now resides in Carroll. John P. was reared in Jackson County, receiving a good education, having been two years a student at Piohono Insti- tute, and the same length of time at Cornell College, He was married in Carroll to Miss Elizabeth Hillman, a native of Passaic, New Jersey. They have three children — John J., Theresa A, and Mary E. Mr. Hess was a very popular officer, as is evidenced by his large majorities. His first opponent was J. Mi Paul, and his second, Charles L. Bailey. W. AMOS, farmer, Pleasant Valley Township, was born in Monroe County, New York, August 2, 1854, son of W. H. and Eliza (Vahue) Amos. When he was about six months old his parents removed to Michigan, where his mother died one year later. His father then took his son and went to England, his native country, remain- ing about five years, then returned to New York, and lived in Monroe County two years, thence to Livingston County, Illinois, where our subject was reared. He was united in marriage March 18, 1877, with Mary Frances Crittenden, a lady of superior intellectual attainments, and daughter of Dr. Edward Wells. In February, 1880, Mr. Amos located upon his present farm, which was then in its wild state. Only a few acres had been broken. His farm contains 240 acres and is in a good state of cultivation. He has a good comfortable residence and convenient farm buildings. There is a fine orchard and small fruits in abundance. Politically Mr. Amos is a Republican. Himself and wife are worthy and consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church, and liberal sup- porters of the same. They have two adopted children — Clarence and Jennie. jrlLLIAM AETS, general merchant of Carroll, where he is classed among JSsS the active and enterprising citizens, is a native of Illinois, born at Galena Octo- ber 2, 1840, a son of A. and Adaline Arts. He was reared to the avocation' of a farmer, his youth being, spent in assisting on the home farm and in attending the common schools of his neighborhood. In 1859 he started for California with an ox team, and was live months and a half before reaching his destination. He spent two years in Cali- fornia, engaged in mining. In 1861 he went to Washington Territory, where he resided one year. In 1862 he removed to Idaho, where he spent some time in prospecting, and in 1864 returned to Galena, Illinois. In February, 1865, he was married to Miss Christena Manaman. They are the parents of eight children — Emma, "William A., Fran- cis H., Anna, Joseph, Louisa, Augusta and Mary. After his marriage Mr. Arts re- turned to the far "West, returning to Galena in the spring of 1868. In 1870 he came to Carroll County and first located in Breda, in "Wheatland Township, where he improved the first farm in the township, containing 640 acres, which is still in his possession. In 1882 he came to Carroll, where he has since been engaged in business. In January, 1884, he became associated with C. A. Man- aman in their present mercantile business. They keep a large stock of well-selected goods, and have established a good trade, and by fair and honorable dealing and strict at- tention to their customers, they have gained the confidence and respect of the entire community. Politically Mr. Arts is a Dem- ocrat. Since coming to Carroll County he has served as county treasurer, filling that office with credit to himself and to the best interest of the county. He is a member of the German Catholic church and one of its most liberal supporters. *°*-»' >' » l u l » S i" 1 -* * §ENEY KLOKE, an enterprising and progressive farmer of Pleasant Valley Township, residing on section 9, is a native of Germany, born in 1842. When he was a boy his father died, and his mother was subsequently married to Joseph Peter- meyer. In 1870 he came with his stepfather to America, who settled with his family in Pleasant Valley Township, Carroll County, where he lived till his death. The mother of our subject still survives. Two brothers and one sister of our subject live in Carroll County, the latter married to John Tiggis, of Pleasant Valley Township. Henry Kloke lived with his mother and stepfather until he bought his present farm, on which he settled in 1875. His farm now contains 280 acres of choice land, which he has brought under fine cultivation, and he has become recognized as one of the successful agriculturists of his township. Mr. Kloke was united in marriage, in Pleasant Valley Township, to Miss Mary Ehode, who was born in Galena, Illinois, in January, 1858, a daughter of Nicholas and Sophia (Kepler) Rhode, natives of Germany. They came to America when young, and located with their parents in Jo Daviess County, Illinois. They were married at Ga- lena, Illinois, and from there came to Carroll County, and settled in Kniest Township, re- ■■■■■■»»«»a»B«».»n»»»»l 614 ■"■■■"■■■"■■ ■ ■■■■■■■■■■■ ■ ■■■■■■■■■n 1 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. "1 II jl I moving thence to Audubon about 1878. They were the parents of fourteen children, four sons and ten daughters, and of these ten chil- dren are yet living. To Mr. and Mrs. Kloke have been born four daughters, whose names are — Sophia, Mary, Lizzie and Annie. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kloke are members of the Ro- man Catholic church, and respected members of society. ■ot-.ii lj? a. lnl (&+•**" ■ |RIN JEROME, engaged in farming and stock-raising in Eden Township, resides on section 16, where he owns eighty acres of Carroll County's best land; was born in Lake, Illinois, December 8, 1838. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer in his native State, remaining there till seven- teen years of age. He then went to Missouri and enlisted in Company H, Seventh Mis- souri Black Hawk Cavalry, and participated in the engagements at Springfield, Lone Jack and many others of minor importance, and was wounded at Lone Jack. He served under the first enlistment eighteen months, when he was discharged and went to Carroll County, Iowa. June 3, 1863, he re-enlisted in Com- pany E, Third Iowa Infantry, and served until the close of the war, when he was dis- charged at Goldsboro, South Carolina. He then returned to his home in Carroll County and began improving his farm, which he has now under a fine state of cultivation. He was united in marriage in the fall of 1860 to Miss Jane Hampton, a daughter of Isaiah and Ann Hampton, natives of Ken- tucky and Adair County, Missouri, respect- ively, and subsequently became residents of Carroll County, Iowa. Eour children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Jerome, of whom only one is living, a son, Thomas, who was born in Carroll County. Of their chil- dren who are deceased, John died in Mis- souri, and Minerva and Louis died in Carroll County, Iowa. In his political views Mr. Jerome affiliates with the Greenback party. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, belonging to the lodge at Coon Rapids, Iowa. JlllllpLLIAM LYNCH, proprietor of the Ifffilf -Ly ncn House at Carroll, has been a I-epJH resident of that town since July, 1869. At that time he engaged in the drug business on Adams street, between Fifth and Sixth streets. . He continued in that business about one year, then sold out to Mr. Yates, and took charge of the drug store of Hunter & McCullum, and later, had the management of the store of their successors, Lundy & Gray. About 1872 he and J. W. Hatton bought out the last-named firm, and it became Lynch & Hatton. A year later he sold his interest, and engaged in business alone. In 1874 he was elected clerk of the courts, and filled that position ten years. In July, 1885, he engaged in the hotel business as proprie- tor of the Lynch House. Mr. Lynch was born in Scotland in 1841, and came to America with his parents when a child. The family resided in New York City for a time, then removed to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; thence to Keokuk, Iowa, in 1851. Mr. Lynch was thoroughly educated in the drug business, having served, three years as drug clerk in Keokuk, and then entered a drug store as prescription clerk in St. Louis, Missouri, re- ceiving $75 a month for his services. At this time he was only fifteen years of age. During the late war he enlisted July 21, 1862, in Company I, Thirty-first Missouri Infantry. His experience in preparing medicine ren- dered him valuable in hospital duty, and he was not permitted to remain long in the ■„»«»„■„■„■„■.■,■.,■.. iii M «.oM,H,.», l tJ.,m,»,».»i, ■■■ .); BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 615 ranks. Soon after his enlistment he was made hospital steward. He accompanied his regiment until after the capture of Vicksburg, in July, 1863, and during the remainder of that summer was steward of general hospital, No. 1, at that place. In the fall of that year he was* recalled to his regiment, and remained with it through the Atlanta campaign, Sher- man's march to the sea; thence to Washing- ton. After the war closed Mr. Lynch went to Carthage, Illinois, and engaged in the drug business. At that place he was ap- pointed postmaster to fill an unexpired term. From Carthage he came to Carroll, where he has since resided. He was married in Fort Wayne, Indiana, to Miss Sarah McGinnis. They have five sons and one daughter, all born in Carroll except the second son, Charles. Politically Mr. Lynch is a Democrat. His long continuance in office is evidence of the ability with which he discharged his duties, and the confidence and esteem with which he is regarded by his fellow citizens. He is a popular and successful landlord, and the Lynch House is a favorite resort for the traveling public. I^ON MICHAEL MILLEE, editor and proprietor of the Carroll Sentinel, is a native of Luxemburg, Germany, where he was born in 1846. He came to America in 1857, settling in Dubuque County, and three years later engaged in clerking. For fifteen years he followed the occupation of a traveling salesman. He settled in Carroll in 1880, and for two years was a druggist. In 1883 he was elected to the General Assembly, in which he served during 1884 and 1885. In 1883, also, he purchased the Sentinel, as above stated. He was in July, 1885, ap- pointed Deputy Internal Revenue Collector for the Third District of Iowa. He is politi- cally a Democrat, and is a member of the Masonic order and the Knights of Pythias. He is married and has one son — Harry M. h i ii i *? « S i i{ » gi» »■■ §UMAN P. BFJGHAM, notary public, and a member of the firm of Salinger & Brigham, loan and insurance agents of Manning, was born in Bradford County, Penn- sylvania, the date of his birth being Decem- ber 8, 1848. He is a son of George and Emma Brigham, his father being deceased and his mother still living at the old home in Pennsylvania. The subject of this sketch left his native State in 1861, and during the war of the Rebellion resided in Ohio. May 2, 1864, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-sixth Ohio Infantry, with which he served eight months. He subsequently served in the One Hundred and Sixty-fourth Ohio Infantry, and was in the lines around Petersburgh during the closing scenes of the war. He is now a comrade of the Grand Army of the Bepublic, and is ad- jutant [of the McPherson Post at Manning. Mr. Brigham was married at Indianapolis, Indiana, July 20, 1877, to Miss Celia McAll- ister, and they are the parents of three chil- dren — Helen, Jessamy and George. Mr. Brigham lived for a time at Areola, in Doug- lass County, Illinois, and from there came to Carroll County, Iowa, and since 1882 has been a resident of Manning. He became as- sociated with his present partner, Mr. Salin- ger, in 1883, and perhaps no firm engaged in the loan and insurance business in Carroll County have a business equaling in extent that of this popular, reliable agency. Dr. Brig- ham, as he is familiarly called by his friends, is a liberally educated man, a graduate of the State Normal School at Normal, Illinois, and 616 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. for six years followed the teacher's profession. He studied medicine and graduated in the medical profession from Hahnemann Medi- cal College, of Chicago, Illinois, and for five years practiced medicine in Indiana and Iowa. Genial and courteous, and a man of strict in- tegrity and honorable in all his dealings, he has gained a host of friends during his resi- dence in Carroll County. 7 j^(ROCKETT KIBBLE, one of the old pio- neers of Carroll County and the present storekeeper and postmaster at Carroll- ton, is a son of Philip and Susan Babble, who were natives of the State of Yirginia. They were the parents pf six children, our subject being the second child, and was born in Montgomery County, Virginia, the date of his birth being December 19, 1827. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, his youth being passed in assisting on the home farm and in attending the district schools. His father died when he was twelve years of age, and he was obliged from an early age to help maintain the family. He removed with his parents to Delaware County, Indiana, in an early day, remaining there until 1852, when he went to California, via the Panama route, landing at San Francisco in January, 1852. Two years later he returned to Indiana, re- maining at home until 1856, when he immi- grated to Carroll County, Iowa. He then bought 120 acres in Jasper Township, on North Coon Rapids, where he lived until 1860, when he came to Newton Township, and began working in Walters' mill at Coon Bapids. February 2, 1870, he was married to Miss Emma Oretsinger, a native of Lick- ing County, Ohio, and a daughter of John and Mary Oretsinger, natives of Virginia. To this union have been born six children — Ella M., Oscar (deceased), Thomas M„ Fred A., Guy and Maggie. In 1877 Mr. Ribble went to the Black Hills, Colorado, where he was en- gaged in mining two years, when he returned to Carrollton, and has since built up a good trade. In February, 1886, he was appointed postmaster of Carrollton, which position he has since filled to the entire satisfaction of his constituents. Politically he affiliates with the Democratic party. In 1862 he was elected on the People's ticket for county treasurer, which office he filled for two terms. Mr. Ribble has endured many of the priva- tions and hardships incident to pioneer life, sometimes going for six weeks without tast- ing wheat bread, grinding corn in a coffee- mill, etc., but by hard work and persevering energy he has succeeded in life, and is now living in comfortable circumstances, and en- joys the respect and confidence of the entire community. He was the first Mason to locate in Carroll County, and now belongs to the Masonic lodge at Coon Bapids. ►*-«£<» S. WHITMAN, proprietor of the City Livery and Sale Stable; established his .° business in Carroll in 1874. He keeps in stock good driving horses, first-class vehi- cles of all description, and good saddle horses. Horses are also bought and sold. Mr. Whitman is a native of Columbia Coun- ty, New York, born September 28, 1822, son of Levi and Mary (Doty) Whitman. He re- sided in his native State until sixteen years of age. September 15, 1850, he was married to Miss Phoebe Woodward, in Warren Coun- ty, New York, and in 1859 he removed to Dallas County, this State, where he lived about one year. He then resided four years at Des Moines, where he was engaged in blacksmithing, thence to Dallas County again, B. l l.».».».».» g , ll . l M ». I I. B .B. > . > . l li iTC BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, where he followed farming until 1874. At that time he came to Carroll and engaged in the livery business, where he has since con- tinued. Mr. and Mrs. Whitman are the parents of four children — Anna, Charles, Frederick and Harry. Mr. Whitman is a member of the Masonic order, Lodge Ko. 264. -*wf fH. DICKEY, a member of the mercan- tile firm of Dickey & Coder, of Glid- ° den, is a native of Pennsylvania, born in Lawrence County, March 22, 1836, a son of David and Agnes (Love) Dickey, the father being a native of Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. In 1851 the father removed with his family to Bellevue, Jack- son County, Iowa. In 1877 he removed to Glidden, Carroll County, and the following year settled in Crawford County, where he has since made his home. The mother is deceased, her death taking place in 1877. They were the parents of three sons and six daughters, the three youngest children being born in Iowa. Seven of the children are yet living and are all residents of Iowa. Two of the sons, Eobert B. and Samuel G., were soldiers in the war of the Rebellion, being mBmbers of the Thirty-first Iowa Eegiment. Robert died at Nashville, Tennessee, in 1864, and Samuel served his country four years. He now resides at Glidden. J. H. Dickey, whose name heads this sketch, came with his father's family to Jackson County, Iowa, and lived at Bellevue eleven years. From there he went to Jones County, and in 1868 removed to Greene County, and settled in Kendrick Township. Mr. Dickey has been a resident of Glidden since April, 1877, when he became associated with J. P. Armitage in the mercantile business under the name of Armitage & Dickey. This business was established by Armitage & Bingman, Mr. Armitage subsequently becoming sole pro- prietor, when he admitted Mr. Dickey as a partner. November 19, 1878, the present firm of Dickey & Coder succeeded Armitage & Dickey, and has built up a good business, both members of the firm being men of fine business ability. Mr. Dickey was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Coder, a daughter of Samuel Coder, an early settler of Jackson County, Iowa. They have one son, James L. During the latter part of the war Mr. Dickey was engaged as clerk on board of a steamer on the Southern rivers, which was frequently in the company of the gunboat fleets. After the war Mr. Dickey served one term as treasurer of Jones County, Iowa. In poli- tics he is a Republican, casting his first presi- dential vote for President Lincoln in 1860. ' *°*~ a ^S < ''4* - *? <|> gw-«°' J. WIELAND, wholesale liquor dealer, keeps a large stock of fine liquors and beer. He established his business at Carroll in 1886. The genial proprietor was born in Columbiana County, Ohio, January 24, 1843, son of George A. Wieland. His par- ents had ten sons and two daughters, all of whom are living. J. J. was the second child. He was reared and educated in the town of Dungannon, and resided in Ohio until 1867. In 1872 he engaged in the mercantile trade at Richmond, Washington County, this State, and remained there' three years. He then bought and sold horses and lightning rods, a business in which he is still engaged to some extent, having two or three salesmen on the road most of the time. He owns a good farm of 160 acres of the best soil that can be found in Carroll County, and it is well improved. He was united in marriage 618 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. October 7, 1863, with Miss Elizabeth E. Andre, who was reared in Columbiana County, Ohio, daughter of Jonathan and Anna An- dre. They have five children — Corliss, Leon- ard, Birdie, Bessie and "Willie. Mr. Wieland is a Democrat in politics. ►3MJ-I R. HATFIELD, one of the leading merchants of Coon Rapids, and an «^^° l active and enterprising citizen, is a native of Indiana, born in Warsaw, Kosciusko County, December 5, 1841, a son of Richard and Catherine (Rose) Hatfield. They were the parents of fourteen children, our subject being the eldest child. He was reared to manhood in his native county, remaining there till the fall of 1861, when he went to White County, Indiana. July 9, 1862, he en- listed in defense of the Union,and was assigned to Company K, Fifth Indiana Cavalry, partici- pating in all the engagements in which his regiment took part. He was in the Georgia campaign where his regiment lost 450 men at Macon, who were either taken prisoner or killed, and was also in the Morgan campaign after that noted rebel raider, Morgan. Mr. Hatfield served as Bugler the greater part of the time while in the service. He received an honorable discharge in June, 1865. He then went to Jasper County, Iowa, where his parents had removed during the war. He followed farming from 1866 until 1871, and in September of the latter year he engaged in the mercantile business ■ at Yandalia, Iowa. He remained at Vandalia until 1880, where he was variously engaged, when he removed to Audubon County, Iowa, locating at Viola Center, where he was engaged in improving a new farm, and at the same time carried on a o-eneral mercantile business, establishing a good trade. In September, 1882, Mr. Hat- field came to Coon Rapids, Carroll County, where he has since made his home. He is a man of good business ability and has met with excellent success in his mercantile pur- suits. He carries a large stock of goods, worth about $12,000, his annual sales amounting to some $25,000. Mr. Hatfield was united in marriage March 14, 1875, to Miss May M. Yager, a daughter of Albert Yager, of Jasper County, Iowa. Since be- coming a resident of Coon Rapids Mr. Hat- field has taken an active interest in the improvement of the town, and has given liberally of his means toward any enterprise for its advancement. Beside the business house in which he is located, he owns two houses and four lots in the town, and a well improved farm of 120 acres in Audubon County. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, and was the first commander of the post at Coon Rapids. h i .iil ?. i ?l !?« ? ■» .oi D. HINKLEY, engaged in farming on section 4, Jasper Township, Carroll County, was born in the State of In- diana, the date of his birth being April 13, 1856. His parents, Rufus and Jenette, were natives of Massachusetts and Ohio respec- tively. They immigrated to Iowa about the year 1869, when they settled in Benton County. Mr. Hinkley, of this sketch, was reared to agricultural pursuits, and has always followed the avocation of a farmer. He remained on the home farm with his parents till becoming of age, when he began to do for himself. He left Benton County in 1872, coming to Carroll County, Iowa, when he settled on section 9, of Jasper Town- ship, and subsequently removed to his pres- ent farm on section 4, Jasper Township. Mr. Hinkley was united in marriage to Miss .rants,. &g ^ B g M ffl B a^a ■B°n°a°n.«j«»«»aaiiJli i'W-"-"*! Iii».»«°.'.'.' ■■■■■■■■i»=M «|i BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 619 Mary Stallman, a daughter of Charles and Kate Stallman, who were natives of the State of New York, and in 1876 settled in Carroll County, Iowa. To Mr. and Mrs. Hinkley have been born four children. Politically Mr. Hinkley affiliates with the Republican party. THEODORE WAGNER was born in Germany, September 1, 1830, a son of Charles and Albertine Wagner. When he was twenty years old, November 1, 1850, he came to America and settled in New York, where he lived three years, when he came to Iowa and lived in Dubuque twenty- four years, where he was one of the leading merchants. April 2, 1875, he moved to Car- roll County, and is now one of the county's most prosperous citizens. When he came to America he was in limited circumstances, but now has a good property. He owns a half section of land, and four houses and lots in the city. During the war of the Rebellion he enlisted in the service of his adopted country, and was assigned as a private to Company B, Twenty-first Iowa Infantry, and was afterward promoted to First Lieutenant, and served as a faithful soldier. In politics Mr. Wagner is a Democrat. He and his family are members of the Catholic church. He was married May 1, 1858, to Lena Fugenbuchler. They have eight children — Katie, wife of Albert Beebe; Joseph, Theo- dore, Rudolph, Edward, Mary. Lewis, Frank and W. STEVENS, farmer, Pleasant Valley Township, has been a resident of Car- ^C® roll County since 1868. He was born in Bureau County, Illinois, October 24J 1861, son of Robert Stevens, a prominent pioneer of this county, whose portrait and sketch ap- pear elsewhere in this volume. He was seven years of age when his parents came to Carroll County. The family located in Pleasant Val- ley Township, where our subject was reared to manhood. His youth was passed in assist- ing his father on the farm and in attending the common school. December 6, 1882, he was united in marriage with Miss Lulu Truax, who was born in Steubenville, Ohio, and daughter of David and Mary (Cooper) Truax. When she was eight years of age the family removed to La Salle County, Illi- nois. The parents now reside in Putnam County, that State. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens are the parents of two children — Leroy Ches- ter and Blanche Beatrice. In politics Mr. Stevens is a Republican. Though only a young man, he has gained a good position among the leading men of the township where he has so long resided and is so well known. ^^'^^'— fRANCIS F. FLORENCOURT, editor of Der Demokrat, is a native of Prussian Saxony, in Germany, where he was bora September 1, 1844. His parents were Fran- cis and Anna (Nagel) Florencourt. The for- mer was during his life variously employed as an officer of the Government, and in literary work. He died September 10, 1886, in his eighty-third year. His wife preceded him from this world June 28, 1878. When twelve years old Francis was sent to the Benedictine Abbey in Metten, Bavaria, where he studied four years. He then studied navigation at Bremen, with the purpose of entering the merchant marine, and at the age of twenty-two passed his examination as mate. He served one year in the Prussian navy, and then as second and first mate on several merchant vessels until 1870. When ii5 620 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. J M f i ' I ! Ml! tflf in that year the Franco-Prussian war broke out, he was in the harbor of Cardiff, England. Returning to Germany, he remained until he found that his services would not be needed. In December, 1870, Mr. Florencourt immi- grated to the New "World, and shortly sailed from New York as second mate on the American bark Benefactor, for China. This voyage lasted over a year. In 1872 he went to Michigan, where he met his brother Charles, and the two came to Carroll County, where the subject of this biography has since resided. He followed farming two years, then taught school for three years, and since has devoted his time to Der DemoTcrat, in the capacity of editor. He was for six months part owner of the paper, as stated above. He was married May 18, 1886, to Miss Mina Von Lueck, of Carroll. Both are members of the Catholic church. kONROE ALLEN HOTT, a promi- /ttYfif nent attorney, and member of the ^0*^ firm of Beach & Hoyt, Carroll City, was admitted to the bar at Panora in 1867, Judge Maxwell presiding. He opened a law office in Carroll, and soon after engaged in the hardware and farm implement business. In 1881 he resumed his law practice. Mr. Hoyt was born in the town of Maria, Essex County, New York, in 1842, and one year later his father, Samuel Hoyt, removed to Maquoketa, Jackson County, this State, being one of the pioneers of that county. He erected the first business block in Maquoketa. In 1856 the father removed to Daviess County, Missouri, and in 1862 returned to Jackson County and purchased a farm near Bellevue, where he lived until his decease, which oc- curred in February, 1868. He was a native of Vermont. The parents had twelve chil- dren, six sons and six daughters. Two died in infancy, and five sons and five daughters are still living. All are residents of Iowa except one son, Samuel C, who resides in New Mexico. Mr. Hoyt's early educational advantages were quite limited. He left home at the age of fourteen years, and being very desirous of obtaining an education he im- proved every opportunity that came in his way, thus fitting himself for the teacher's profession. He taught his first school in Bates County, Missouri, and later, taught the school at Panora, Guthrie County, Iowa. The winter of 1860-'61 he spent at Granby Mines, and at Timber Hill and Black Dos- town, in the Osage nation, trading with the Indians. He then returned to Daviess County, Missouri, and entered the organization of Home Guards under Colonel Craner, which was for some time engaged in pursuit of the rebel Colonel Patton. After this expedition he came back to Bellevue and entered the law office of Booth & Graham, where he remained two and a half years, then went to Stevenson, Alabama, as clerk in the Quarter- master's department, going thence to East- port, Mississippi, in the same capacity. He returned just as the war closed, and soon after entered the law office of Colonel Byam at Marion, Iowa, going thence to Panora, where he had charge of the recorder's office, and where he was admitted to the bar, as before stated. Mr. Hoyt was married at Cedar Falls, Iowa, to Miss Susan A. Bowman, a native of the State of New York, and daughter of John Bowman. Mr. and Mrs. Hoyt have two children — Annie Beryl and Monroe Allen. The oldest child, John T., died when in his twelfth year. Mr. Hoyt cast his first presidential vote for Bell and Everett, and was identified with the Repub- lican party until 1878, since which time he has been a Greenbacker. Mr. Hoyt comes BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 621 from an old and well-known family of the Empire State. Dr. Hiram Hoyt, of Syra- cuse, and Dr. David Hoyt, of Palmyra, are brothers of his father. He was long one of the prominent business men of Carroll. April 5, 1881, by order of the town council of Carroll, by virtue of an illegal ordinance, his building and stock were moved into the street, but after an extended litigation he re- covered his goods and building, and a judg- ment for costs against the town.' H. PLATNER, justice of the peace and real estate agent at Glidden, is a native of Iowa, born in Cedar County, March 5, 1840, a son of Christopher and Mary (Angle) Platner. Of the thirteen children born to his parents our subject was the youngest. He was reared to the avoca- tion of a farmer, and was educated in the common schools of his native county. In September, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Thirteenth Iowa Infantry, and was soon pro- moted to Second Sergeant. June 5, 1862, he was appointed Second Lieutenant, and in November following was promoted to first Lieutenant. He participated in the battles of Shiloh, Corinth, Iuka, Vicksburg, Kene- saw Mountain and Atlanta, G-eorgia. He was wounded at Atlanta in the right lung by a minie ball, July 22, 1864, and November 23, 1864, received an honorable discharge. Af- ter the war he returned to Cedar County, Iowa, where he was married August 8, 1867, to Miss Anna Pierce, of Linn County, Iowa. They are the parents of six children — Austa, George, Edward, Lewis, William and Justin. In 1871 Mr. Platner came with his family to Carroll County, and located at Glidden, where he engaged in general merchandising. Later he began dealing in groceries, and subse- quently engaged in the hardware business, which he followed until he began dealing in real estate. In 1884 he was elected justice of the peace, and re-elected in 1886, and is still filling that office to the entire satisfac- tion of his constituents. He dispenses jus- tice in a fair, impartial manner to all who are called before him, and by his honorable deal- ing he has gained the confidence and respect of all who know him. In politics he is a Re- publican, and is a strong adherent of the principles of that party. He is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, being a comrade of the post at Glidden. ►*-*« J. JOHNSON, farmer and stock-raiser of Sheridan Township, residing on section 18, where he has 160 acres of choice land, was born in the southern part of Sweden December 20, 1850. His parents, John and Carrie Johnson, were also natives of Sweden, where they were reared and mar- ried, and to them were born seven children, four sons and three daughters, our subject being the fourth child. He was reared on his father's farm in his native country, and received a fair education in the schools of his neighborhood. At the age of fourteen years he began learning the stone mason's trade, at which he served an apprenticeship for five years. In 1870 he sailed from Malmo Har- bor to America, landing at Quebec. He then proceeded to Rockford, Illinois, remain- ing there but a short time, when he went to Missouri and began working on the railroad. He subsequently came to Iowa, and began working on a farm near Des Moines, where he found employment until 1875, when he rented a farm near that city and followed farming for himself until 1882. He was married October 30, 1878, to Miss Minta toas! *» — ms ■»»—■ ■■»■■■■ — ■■■'■■'«■■' »■*-«■» "■» 622 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. 5'] I ii ti M 5' t * 3! i Curran, who was born in Polk County, Iowa, December 31, 1854, a daughter of George and Tabitha Curran, natives of Ohio, who came to Iowa in its pioneer days and settled near Des Moines. In 1882 Mr. Johnson removed to the farm where he now resides, where he has since been successfully engaged in farming and raising stock. His residence is commodious and convenient, and his barns and other farm buildings are noticeably good, and he is classed among the well-to-do farmers of Sheridan Township. In his political views Mr Johnson is a Republican. fOHN C. ENGLEMAN, a prominent member of the Carroll County bar, was elected to the office of county attorney in the fall of 1886, succeeding Frank M. Powers as county attorney, and A. B. Thor- nell as district attorney. Mr. Engleman has been a resident of Carroll since 1881. He was born in Germany in 1848, and came to America in 1855. His father died in Ger- many, and he came to this country with an uncle, who located at Bellevue, Jackson County, this State. He was educated at the public schools of Harrison County, and was for some time a student at the academy at Magnolia, graduating in the law department of the Iowa State University in 1875. He commenced his law practice at Bellevue, and after a time came to Carroll. Since coming here he has been alone in his practice except a very short time when lie was associated with F. A. Charses. Mr. Engleman has been twice married. His first wife was formerly Mary Elizabeth Charles, who died at Lyons, Iowa, in May, 1882. Mr. Engleman prac- ticed law at Lyons a short time, and was also city attorney at that place. His present wife was Miss Alice Colclo, a sister of C. C. Col- clo, of this city. There were two children by his first marriage — Inez E. and Mary Ethel, and one son, John, by the present marriage. In January, 1865, Mr. Engleman enlisted, at Dubuque, in the regular army, and served three years and four months. His command operated against the Indians, being stationed at Fort Buford, at the mouth of the Yellow- stone River. He took part in no general en- gagement, but was in several skirmishes with the savages. Upon one occasion he had a very narrow escape. He was engaged with a number of other soldiers in getting a load of wood for use in the fort, when they were sud- denly attacked by a party of Indians. One of the party was instantly killed and another one severely wounded; but all the rest suc- ceeded in reaching the fort. Mr. Engleman was discharged in 1869. He immediately re-enlisted, and was made a member of the band at Fort Stevenson. He had been there about four months when an order was issued by the war department requiring all soldiers to enlist for five years, or be discharged. Mr. Engleman chose the latter, and returned home, after which he was engaged in attend- ing school, teaching, and farming, until he began his legal studies. J«f« |DWIN ADAMS, associate editor and manager of the Carroll Sentinel, has been engaged in newspaper work in Carroll since 1877, and is therefore the senior, in years of service, in the county. He has been engaged in newspaper work in the State almost continuously for sixteen years. Mr. Adams is a native of "Wisconsin, and is thirty-four years of age. He is a practical printer and pressman, and has had a wide ex- perience in the trade, and is engaged at the case or other mechanical duties daily. He is lEPBgg»BBagg3S ■«-■■«»..—■ ■ ■ ■■B-Baia, BIOGBAPHIOAL SKETCHES. 623 ! 8? very particular in regard to the typograph- ical appearance of his newspaper and all work turned out, and has a reputation in this part of the State for maintaining a high standard in the business of printing, in every department. He is married, and has a family of three children. &EY. THEODOEE WEGMANN is the present pastor of the Church of the **Q Holy Angels, at Boselle, which was built in' 1874, and in 1880 was enlarged and refitted. It is a frame building and will seat, including the gallery, about 500 persons. A parochial school is sustained, which num- bers from fifty to sixty pupils. The congre- gation numbers about 130 families. fAMES B. GEAHAM, farmer, resides on section 4, Pleasant Valley Township, where he settled in 1874. His farm contains 440 acres, and he also owns 160 acres in Carroll Township. When he pur- chased his land, all was new and uncultivated. The first year he built a part of his present residence, which he has since enlarged. His land is all in a good state of cultivation, and he devotes considerable attention to the raising of stock. His fine barn was built in 1886. Mr. Graham was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in November, 1834. In 1846 his father immigrated to America with his family, and located in New York City. About 1863 the family removed to Canada, where the father lived until his death. He was a tanner and currier by trade. The parents, Kobert and Jennie Graham, had nine children, six sons and three daughters. James B. was the youngest of the family. 44 He learned the printer's trade in New York City, and followed that trade for a number of years. Later he went to Canada, where his family had already preceded him, and there married Miss Jane Lloyd, a native of England. Like most early settlers, Mr. Graham came to Iowa for the purpose of getting land where it could be bought cheap. He has been very successful in his undertaking, and is one of the best farmers and stock-growers in Carroll County. He is at present a member of the county board of supervisors, and is serving his second term in that capacity. Politically he affiliates with the Democratic party. In 1877 Mr. Graham was afflicted by the loss of his wife by death. He has nine children, six daughters and three sons. ■&* Hf*' fE. WHITNEY, of the firm of J. E. Whitney & Co., wholesale dealers in fancy groceries, fruit and tobaccos, is one of the leading business men of Carroll. He established the fruit business at that place September 23, 1881, and later, added the other branches of the business. The firm make a specialty of the fruit trade. In 1886 they handled 7,000 barrels of Michi- gan and Missouri apples, besides much small fruit. They also handle oranges and lemons by the car-load. They employ two traveling salesmen, with a territory of about 100 towns, mostly in Northwestern Iowa. The firm has a large cigar trade. Their location is on Main street. Mr. Whitney has had a large experience in the fruit business. He is a son of A. E. Whitney, of Franklin Grove, Illi- nois, who is probably the most eminent horti- culturist in the West. His son, our subject, had acted as traveling salesman for him for a long time previous to coming to Carroll. Mr. Whitney's partner, A. W. Crawford, came to HISTORY OF OAMROLL COUNTY. Carroll from Illinois, in 1883. These gen- . tlemen are brothers-in-law. By good man- agement and fair and honest dealing the firm has built up a good business. IHAELES S. LAWRENCE is a son of Samuel H. and Rachel "W. Lawrence, the former being a contractor by occu- pation. He died in 1857. Mrs. Lawrence is still living, at Malone, New York, the home of Vice-President "Wheeler. Charles was born at Malone February 17, 1855, and learned the printer's trade when seventeen years old. In 1875 he came to Atlantic, Iowa, where he was employed (excepting one year when he ran a paper at Dexter, Dallas County) until 1882. Early in that year he came to Manning and took charge of the Monitor. He was married March 20, 1882, to Emma F. "Walker, of Atlantic. They have v one child, Glades. Mr. Lawrence 'is a member of the Odd Fellows order. — "Hr*> , H§ , *- , ~: — ■ S. SMITH, the leading grain and lumber merchant of Glidden, is a native of Michigan, born in Cass County, in 1848, a son of Peter Smith, a banker of Lake City, Iowa. In the fall of 1854 our subject was brought by his parents to Calhoun County, Iowa, and there he grew to manhood, and was married to Miss Arsena Shidler, a daughter of Robert Shidler, who has been a resident of Calhoun County since 1864. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have two chil- dren, Iora and Maud, both of whom were born in Calhoun County. Mr. Smith was en- gaged in the dry goods business at Lake City, Calhoun County, before coming to Carroll County. In August, 1874, he and his brother, C. M. Smith, began dealing in grain and lumber at Glidden under the firm name of Smith Brothers. In the summer of 1883 they built the elevator, and the same season M. S. Smith bought his brother's interest in the business, which he has since conducted alone. The elevator has a capacity of about 20,000 bushels, and is the only steam eleva- tor in Glidden. C. M. Smith is now engaged in the banking business with his father at Lake City. Our subject is a wide-awake business man, as well as a public-spirited and enterprising citizen, and takes an active in- terest in any undertaking which has for its object the advancement of the town or county. ^^ S. THORN", farmer, section 18, Rich- land Township, was born in Maine, *^^^ ,ai near Portland, November 11, 1832, son of Job Thorn. He was reared in his native State, and at nineteen years of age engaged in the trade of stone mason, which he followed many years. In 1851 he went to California, where he remained three years, working at his trade and in the mines. In 1855 he returned to Maine, living there two years, then removed to Boone County, Illi- nois, and in 1863 came to this State, locating in Benton County. Here he improved a farm and lived upon it until 1876, when he sold and came to Carroll County. He first pur- chased a portion of his present farm. It now contains 680 acres of as good land as can be found in Carroll County. He has a good story-and-a-half residence, built in 1880, a native* grove of trees, good buildings for stock and grain, and all farm conveniences. His son, G. "W. Thorn, is a partner in the farm, and is an active business man. They are principally engaged in stock-raising and feeding. Mr. Thorn was married in 1856 to BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 625 Miss Caroline A. Thorn, also a native of Maine, and to this union have been born four children — G. W., Lawrence B., Irwin M. and Alva. Politically Mr. Thorn is an ardent Republican. He served as township clerk seven years. |YRUS RHOADES, one of Carroll County's pioneers, residing on section 12, Newton Township, was born April 12, 1834, the youngest in a family of nine children of William and Anna Rhoades, who were natives of North Carolina. They sub- sequently removed to the State of Iowa, ' where they lived till their death. Cyrus Rhoades was reared to the avocation of a farmer, receiving his education in the log cabin subscription schools of his neighbor- hood. June 2, 1853, he was united in mar- riage to Miss Elizabeth M. Yance, who was born in Randolph County, Indiana, June 26, 1834, the eldest of six children of David and Sarah (Smith) Vance. Twelve children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Rhoades, as follows — Franklin P., George W., Naomi L., America J., Thomas J., James M., William (deceased), Elmer E. (deceased), Paulina, Jacob, Eva E. and Nellie V. (twins), both now deceased. In August, 1853, Mr. and Mrs. Rhoades immigrated to Iowa with ox teams, locating in Guthrie County, where he pre-empted eighty acres of land, buying an- other eighty acres near Panora, which he improved. He erected a log house on his land, on which he lived about six months, and here they experienced many of the hard- ships and privations of pioneer life. Their first milling and trading was done at Panora. Indians were numerous and game was abund- ant. Mr. Rhoades carried the United States mail from Panora to Carrollton with ox teams, taking nine days to make the trip. He sold his land in Guthrie County in 1854, when he came to Carroll County, settling in Union Township, on section 7, before the county was organized. Three years later he removed to section 12, of the same township, where he made his home for nine years. In 1866 he removed to his farm on section 12, Newton Township, where he has since re- sided, having now 110 acres of valuable land well improved, and in connection with his general farming he is also engaged in stock- raising. Mr. Rhoades was a soldier in the war of the Rebellion, enlisting March 18, 1862, in Company 0, Fourth Iowa Infantry, in which he served until August 11, 1863. He participated in the siege of Yicksburg, and the battle of Arkansas Post, and was mustered out at Black Hills, Mississippi, where he received his final discharge. -HI**-*' f ! J. GRAYES, farmer, section 9, Pleas- ant Yalley Township, postoffice Car- ® roll, was born in Lafayette County, Wisconsin, August 12, 1848. His parents, Joseph and Mary (Fleming) Graves, were na- tives of Lancashire, England, who settled in Lafayette County in 1848, and were among the pioneers of that county. They had two children — Mary, now Mrs. Thomas Willey, and our subject. When the latter was six years of age his parents removed to Grant County, Wisconsin, where his youth was passed in assisting at farm work. He re- ceived his education in the common schools of Wisconsin. He was only nine years of age when his father died, and his mother died in 1875. He came to CarrollCounty in 1870, and purchased eighty acres of land, which is his present home. He has since added to that amount until he now owns 360 ■i' acres of excellent land. His fine residence was built in 1878. It is modern in style, and well furnished. His commodious barn, 40 x 48 feet, was built in 1882. He has a grove of five acres, and an orchard of two acres. The Graves farm is known as one of the best farms in the township. Mr. Graves was married December 6, 1871, to Miss Lo- vina Ramsey, of Glen Haven, Grant County, Wisconsin, daughter of Robert and Mary (McDonnel) Ramsey, formerly of Pennsylva- nia. The father died in January, 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Graves are the parents of six chil- dren — Eugene R., Carrie M., Ethel Inez, Alvin J., Sarah and Earl G. Mr. Graves is a Republican in politics, and has served several years as member of the school board. He has been financially very successful, having started in life without any means. f|YRENIUS E. MORRIS, merchant of Coon Rapids, established his business in I 1880, but has been a resident of Union Township since 1870. He was born in New York City in 1842, and cameWest with his par- ents in 1854, the family settling near Galena, Illinois, where the parents still live. The father, Crowell Morris, is of Scotch ancestry. During the late war Mr. Morris enlisted in the Independent Battalion of Fremont Rang- ers, at Galena, September 4, 1861, and joined Fremont at St. Louis. The battalion was commanded by Colonel H. A. Galop, and the Captain of his company was T. M. "Wilcox, who is now assistant librarian in the Govern- ment Library at Washington. He remained in General Fremont's command until the lat- ter was superseded on account of the course he pursued with the negroes. His battalion was then attached to the Third Missouri Cav- alry. His full term of service in the army was three years and four months, operating in the trans-Mississippi department. He par- ticipated in several engagements, and received a sabre wound in a cavalry charge, during General Banks' Red River expedition. After the war Mr. Morris was engaged in the in- surance business, also in farming near Galena. He personally knew General Grant at Galena before the war. He is a member of Jo Daviess County Monumental Association, and has a certificate of membership signed by General Grant, when the latter was presi- dent of the association. He was commander of the Perry "Wright Post, G. A. R, at Coon Rapids, for three years, and is the present adjutant. The parents of our subject have three sons and one daughter. The mother is of Holland ancestry, her people being among the early settlers of Eastern New York. Mr. Morris has been twice married. His first wife was Julia F. Winship, of Evansville, Rock County, Wisconsin, and a native of Ver- mont. She died at Coon Rapids, April 16, 1884. His present wife was Miss Ettie D. Dodge, a native of Burnham, Maine. Her grandmother was reared in the family of General Warren, who was killed at Bunker Hill. Her grandfather was General Mark Trafton, of Revolutionary fame. Mr. Mor- ris is a direct descendant of Governor Morris, one of the early Governors of New York, one of the signers of the Declaration of Inde- pendence. ■ S"; « 3" J. STRUNK, M. D., is a native of Germany, born July 10, 1856, a son of Frederick and Christina (Barnefeld) Strnnk, both natives of Germany. His par- ents were farmers, and he remained at home with them until sixteen years of age, when he was sent to the Seminary of St. Francis, where he remained four years. He then pgg5ggg«g5gi8g5gag 5 g5» 5 g Mg a»agg»ag5g Bg 5 g5gmgi5g5^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. G27 attended St. Joseph College, at Dubuque, Iowa, a year. He subsequently attended St. John's College, in Minnesota, two years, and then, choosing medicine as a profession, at-' tended the College of Physicians and Sur- geons at Keokuk. After leaving college he commenced his practice, first locating at St. Paul, Lee County, Iowa, where he remained five years. In 1885 he removed to Carroll County and lived at Brady about six months, when he located at Carroll City, where he now has a good practice. He is a young man of pleasing address, and a thorough student of his profession, and bids, fair to take a place in the first rank among the physicians of Carroll County. Dr. Strunk was married in May, 1880, to Mary K. Sandrick, a native of Port Madison, Iowa, bom September 24, 1856. They have had four children — Chris- tina, Anna, Frederick (deceased) and Barbara. In politics Dr. Strunk is a Democrat. » 3n£ « IpNBAD MEIS, dealer in grain and furniture at Templeton, where he is classed among the prominent and influ- ential citizens, is a native of Germany, born August 14, 1845, his parents, Herman and Elizabeth Meis, being natives of the same country. He immigrated to America in 1866, first settling in Dubuque County, Iowa, where he lived about four years. He then went to Chicago, Illinois, where he was engaged in the furniture business for a num- ber of years. For his wife he married Miss Mary George, a native of "Wisconsin, her parents coming from Germany, their native country, in an early day. Of the six children born to Mr. and Mrs. Meis all are deceased but one son, Barney, who was born March 3, 1885. Mr. Meis came to Carroll County, Iowa, in 1874, and engaged in the hardware business at Templeton, and subsequently engaged in his present business, and by his fair and honorable dealings and strict atten- tion to business he has built up a large trade, and gained the confidence and respect of the people. In politics Mr. Meis has been a life- long Democrat. His postoffice is Templeton, Iowa. jICHAED EICKE, merchant at Breda, is one of the prominent business men ^^ of the town, and has been identified with its interests since June, 1878. He first engaged in the hardware trade with H. Olerich, Sr., which partnership existed about six years. In 1883 he embarked in his pres- ent business. During the year 1884 his sales amounted to $27,847; in 1885, $29,831; in 1886, $30,325. Mr. Kicke is a native of Germany, born May 12, 1843, son of Bernard and Adaline (Menser) Ricke. He came to America in 1861, being then seventeen years of age. He first settled in Kentucky, where he remained a short time, then removed to Jo Daviess County, Illinois, and worked on a farm one year for $77. The next year he received $90, and the third year he received $16 a month. In 1865 he bought eighty acres of land, for which he paid $9.50 per acre. Here he resided for three years, then sold his land for $31.50 per acre, and came to Carroll County, locating in Kniest Township, where he bought 220 acres of land on section 4. He improved this land, and resided upon it until 1878, then came to Breda. He has a fine residence, the main part being 16x26 feet, with an L 16x20 feet. It was built in 1883, at a cost of $1,200. His store building is 22x64 feet. He also owns lots 5 and 6 in block 7, and twelve acres adjoining the town, besides his old farm in Kniest Town- [usi2flfiS HIBTOBT OF CARROLL COUNTY. n a s a ship. Mr. Ricke was married in January, 1865, to Miss Mary Flige, of Jo Daviess County, Illinois, and they have five children- — ■ Theresa Lena, Henry, John Bernard, Ellen Christina and Mary Julia. He has served as township assessor two years, township trustee four years, and as member of the town coun- cil two years. ' It tt - fOHN B. HUNGERFORD, a son of Maurice Hungerford, was born in Mc- Kean County, Pennsylvania, May 27, 1854. When eleven years old he came with his parents to Iowa. They located in Wa- pello County, near Ottumwa, where his father died in 1869. His mother is now living in Kansas. Mr. Hungerford graduated at the State Agricultural College at Ames in 1877. He taught school for four years at Morning Sun and Montezuma, and has since been in newspaper work. In June, 1886, he bought a half interest of P. M. Maclean in the Car- roll Herald, and has since, with Mr. Maclean, conducted that paper in the interests of the Republican party, of which be is a strong adherent. >4ms-« H. GNAM, dealer in general hardware, tinware, stoves, shelf goods and barbed wire, established his business in Breda 1884. He carries about $3,000 worth of stock, with annual sales of $12,000. He came to Carroll County in 1873, and settled in Kniest Township with his father, A. L. Gnam, who established one of the first brew- eries in the county, at Mount Carmel. Our subject assisted in the brewery three years as its manager. In 1879 he settled in Breda, where he was engaged in the saloon business two years, then commenced clerking in the store of C. Bruning & Sons, and also acted as assistant postmaster. In 1883 he engaged in the hotel business at Breda, which he con- tinued until 1884. He was married January 23, 1883, to Miss Mary Bruning, daughter of C. Bruning, of Breda, and to this union have been born two children — Mary Anna and Her- man C. Politically Mr. Gnam is a Demo- crat. ►*-•£♦§*- •ANIEL DAVIS, one of the prosperous citizens of Carroll County, residing on section 22, .Newton Township, is a native of South Wales, born August 12, 1833, a son of Isaac and Anna Davis, who were also natives of South Wales. They were the parents of eight children, seven sons and one daughter, our subject being the seventh child. He was reared to the avocation of a farmer, remaining on the home farm till seventeen years of age, when he began working by the month for other parties until attaining the age of twenty-four years. He then began working on a railroad as a section hand, and two years later was made agent for a railroad company, which position he filled two years. May 10, 1871, he sailed from Liverpool, Eng- land, and after a voyage of twelve days landed in New York. Three days later he started for Iowa City, Iowa; thence to Des Moines, and from the latter place proceeded to Carroll County, where he bought land on section 21 of Newton Township. For his wife he married Margaret Powell, a daughter of H. and Elizabeth Powell, who were natives of South Wales. Eight chil- dren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Davis, as follows — Thomas, Howell, Daniel, David, Margaret (deceased), Joseph, John and Eliza- beth. Mr. Davis is one of the self-made .et„m mi a m m m a m m m m a ,ta 1M m a .m im m a .ia wl ,m m m m » S t SSSSmM MSSS^SBSS ; | -» CT w m »»w n »,».wi-w M w,»-*«^a,»» g ,B g »iii,*-»-Bi»w.».M-,w,w w wini- .».M.» .' « „i a ^ «^ii.»l. a . » . M , a BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 620 men of Carroll County. Beginning life a poor boy, he has by his industrious habits, persevering energy and ,good business man- agement, accumulated a large and valuable property, adding to his original purchase in Carroll County till he now owns 1,280 acres in Newton Township, and by his fair and honorable dealings he has gained the confi- dence and respect of all who know him. In politics he casts his suffrage with the Repub- lican party. L. BECKER, farmer, section 8, Grant Township, is among the enterpris- t° ing and successful citizens of his township, with which he has been identified since 1872. He is a native of Hanover, Germany, born February 1, 1836, a son of John and Anna (Boucker) Becker. His father died on shipboard in 1867 when on his way to America. His family consisted of four children — W. L., Arnold, Theodore and Ida. Arnold was a sailor, and was captured by the Confederates during the war of the Rebellion and pressed into their service, and died before the close of the war. W. L. Becker attended school in his native land until fourteen years of age. "When fifteen years old he shipped on board a sailing vessel, and followed a seafaring life thirteen years, and two years sailed on the lakes. In 1872 he moved from Ogle County, Illinois, to Car- roll County, Iowa, and located in Grant Township. He first bought eighty acres of wild land on section 6, which he improved and lived on until 1877, when he sold it and bought the farm where he now resides, which contains 120 acres of Carroll County's best land under a high state of cultivation. His residence is a good one and a half story frame, surrounded with shade and ornamental trees, and his farm buildings are comfortable and convenient. He has a good native grove of forest trees covering three acres, and also has a fine orchard of bearing trees. Mr. Becker was married in 1865 to Miss Gebhardine Hesslingh, a native of Germany, and daughter of George and Catherine (Okken) Hesslingh. They are members of the Evangelical Asso- ciation. In politics Mr. Becker is a Demo- crat. He has always taken an interest in the cause of education, and has served several terms as a member of the school board. By his honorable dealing and genial manners he has gained the confidence and esteem of his neighbors and fellow-citizens, and is classed among the first men of his township. C. REID, mayor of Coon Rapids, and member of the law firm of Reid & 1? J ° Morgan, came to this place in Octo- ber, 1882, and in December of the same year the present law partnership was formed. These gentlemen transact most of the busi- ness of the place that pertains to their pro- fession. They are also engaged in loan, real estate and insurance business. Mr. Reid was born in Indiana, July 23, 1850. His father, P. T. Reid, came to Iowa when his son was five years of age, settling in Poweshiek County, and being one of the first settlers of that county. The father died in Los Angeles, California, in 1884, while visiting a daughter living in that city. Our subject was reared on a farm, and began the study of law in 1876 in Poweshiek County. He was ad- mitted to the bar December 18, 1879, at Montezuma, and has been engaged in the practice of his profession ever since. He has a thorough English education, and was for five years engaged in teaching. He was "1 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. married to Miss Susan Carpenter, daughter of A. H. Carpenter, who settled in Poweshiek County in 1846, and now resides in Audubon County. Mrs. Reid was born in that county. They have two children. Politically Mr. Reid is a Democrat. L. W. Morgan, of this firm, was born in Ohio in 1853, and came to Iowa with his parents in 1855. The family settled in Poweshiek County, where the father still lives. Mr. Morgan began the study of law in 1877, at Tipton, Cedar County, this State, and was admitted to the bar at Sac City in June, 1883. He was united in mar- riage with Miss M. J. Williams, a daughter of John "Williams, who was also an early set- tler of Poweshiek County. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan have three children. Politically Mr. Morgan affiliates with the Republican party. ^'•»§*-2«- living in Buffalo for a short time, removing from there to Pittsburg, and from there to St. Louis, Missouri, where he engaged in the manufact- ure of boots and shoes. During the cholera of 1849, which was then raging there, his second wife and her son Henry died of the terrible scourge. On the 17th of May, 1850, at St. Mary's Church, St. Louis, Missouri, Mr. Kniest was married for the third time to Miss Mary Adelaide Kochs. In 1852 he re- moved with his family to Dubuque, Iowa, where he immediately engaged in the mer- cantile business in partnership with Anton B. Linssen. After several years of successful business Mr. Kniest built the largest hotel ever erected in Dubuque at that time, at a cost of $40,000, and was known as the Mer- chants Hotel, but was destroyed by fire about one year later. In 1860 Mr. Kniest was elected assessor, which office he held for several con- secutive years. He then engaged in the fire and life insurance business with Abram Williams, now a resident of Chicago. In 1868 Mr. Kniest made his first visit West as far as Carroll County, to look up the country, and finally selected a township of land of 23,000 acres in Carroll County, Iowa, town- ship 85, range 35, and which was afterward named Kniest Township, in honor of its founder, said name being now printed on all State maps. This land he purchased of the Iowa Railroad Land Company, at Cedar Rapids, through its president, the Hon. John I. Blair, for a term of five years, for a nominal sum, on condition that he furnish fifty actual settlers during the first year. It was also provided that all lands remaining unsold after that period were to revert to the Iowa Railroad Land Company. Mr. Kniest then began to advertise the lands extensively, and in the prescribed time furnished the actual fifty settlers, who were Germans, Cath- olics and Democrats. Near the center of the township a village was begun by Mr. Kniest and named Mt. Carmel in honor of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, on whose feast day he signed his contract with the Iowa Railroad Land Company, July 16, 1868. Here he erected the first Roman Catholic church in the county, which also served as a tem- porary school. Then other buildings sprang up, and Mt. Carmel was soon known near and far. During the years 1868-'69 Mr. Kniest remained most of the the time at Mt. Carmel, doing all the good he could for iti» M ii.5» M ».imii»ii»«»«»nBBH«»g1»»i«B«.i»«»«Bn"B»B»ii»B°a»iHia».H»i».1i» ^■^■m W m»mB I m W »W»»mW»»mMmMmWmM m—m W m W » W mWmWmMmMm*m»mWm I »mMmWmWm'Wi ■■■■ j^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 631 the settlers, besides using all his means for their comfort and welfare. As some of the new settlers had barely enough means to make the first payment on their land, and being in a new country, they needed assistance, which was always cheerfully given by Mr. Kniest, there being then over eighty families. At the request of Mr. Kniest, Bishop Hennessy, of Dubuque, on July 17, 1869, sent the Rev. F. Heimbucher, a German priest, to minister to the spiritual wants of the settlers, and for whom (Mr. Kniest built a parsonage, which he furnished comfortably. This be- ing a Catholic colony, Mr. Kniest only sold to Catholics. In 1871 he removed his family from Dubuque to Carroll, where he engaged in the land and mercantile business until the year 1877, when, his health declining, he re- tired from all business. His disease being of the lungs, he rapidly grew worse, and on August 14, at midnight, 1879, a second hem- orrhage caused his death, almost instantly, in his sixtieth year. The death of one so well known and loved as Mr. Kniest caused a general feeling of surprise and sorrow in the community, and his funeral, which took place August 16, was the largest ever held in Carroll County. People that had known him came from afar to pay their last respects to the good man, and in deference to his memory all places of business were closed during the funeral. Thus ended the career of a man who had passed through life bravely, and who, in the greatest adversity as well as prosperity, always bore a cheerful disposition. He was a kind husband, an indulgent father, a consistent Christian and a devout Catholic, often saying to his children, " Worldly goods were not of so great an importance as was the laying np of treasures for the hereafter." "All for the greater honor and glory of God," was his frequent expression, and surely his whole life was in accordance with such a be- lief. Politically he was a sterling, uncom- promising Democrat. Mr. Kniest left a wife and eleven children, all of whom are living, with the exception of one daughter, Agnes, who died of consumption at the age of nineteen years, August 31, 1879. The following are the living children — B. J. Kniest, born in Doetinchen, Holland, May 2, 1844; Hannah A., born in St. Louis, Mis- souri, September 23, 1851; Mary A., born in Dubuque, Iowa, March 3, 1855; Regina, born in Dubuque April 4, 1858; John B., born in Dubuque June 24, 1861; Philo- mena A., born in Dubuque February 5, 1862; Frank Y., born in Dubuque July 21, 1866; Frances E., born in Dubuque September 3, 1868; Lambert, born in Carroll March 12, 1872; Josephine L., born in Carroll Febru- ary 25, 1874. J. COPPOCK, farmer, section 9, Union Township, has been a resident of Car- roll County since 1874. He was born in Darke County, Ohio, January 20, 1841, son of Joseph and Millie (Hall) Coppock, natives of Ohio. His early life was passed on a farm, and his education was obtained in the common schools of his native State. Sep- tember 15, 1864, he enlisted in Company L, Nineteenth Ohio Infantry, and was in Gen- eral Sherman's march to the sea. During a raid into the enemy's country he was run over by a horse and severely injured, from the effects of which he has never fully recovered. He served until June 9, 1865, when he was honorably discharged, and returned to his home in Ohio, where he remained two years. In 1867 he removed to Putnam County, Mis- souri, where he resided until 1874, when he came to Iowa and settled in Guthrie County. In 1879 he bought a portion of his present 632 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. farm, 160 acres, and has since added to that amount until he now has 380 acres of excel- lent land, and the best fenced farm in the township, having seven miles of fence. He has a fine residence, barn, and feed lots for stock, and he is extensively engaged in stock- raising and feeding. He keeps about 140 head of cattle, sixteen horses, and a large number of swine. When about twenty years of age he was married to Miss Sarah Coat, of Miami County, Ohio, and to this union have been born ten children — Harvey J., Ananias E. and Flora Jane were born in Ohio ; Mary, Laura and Dessie were born in Missouri ; and Claude Garfield and Maud Ar- thur (twins), Almeda and Lola were born in Iowa. In politics Mr. Coppock is an earnest Republican. He is a member of the order of United Workmen, and of the Grand Army of the Republic. "«*§**"£*§«**>• fOHN COONEY, a well-known pioneer of Greene County, is president of the Coon Rapids Bank. He settled in Ken- drick Township, Greene County, in 1856, and removed to Carroll County in 1880. In the fall of 1856 he was appointed deputy county surveyor under A. J. Currance, and at the election held in the autumn of that year he was elected surveyor, a position he held twelve years. When Mr. Cooney went to Jefferson there were but three buildings there. Mr. B. F. Robinson is the only man now living in Jefferson who was there when Mr. Cooney went there. The latter was a successful farmer and stock-raiser of Greene County for many years. In 1880 he removed to Glidden, and engaged in banking under the firm name of Lyon and Cooney. In 1882 he established his present bank, of which he is president, and his son, M. M. Cooney, is cashier. Besides the ordinary banking busi- ness, they invest in first mortgage securities, and make farm loans and collections. The bank building is a fine brick structure, erected in 1884. Mr. Cooney was born in Hardin County, Ohio, in 1830, where he lived until 1855. His father, Asa Cooney, was born in Yirginia, and settled in Ohio at an early day, where he lived until his decease. The parents had four sons and four daughters, all of whom are living. The brothers of Mr. Cooney, James, Squire and William H. H., are residents of Hardin County, and are among the wealthiest and most influential citizens of that county. Mr. Cooney was married in Ohio to Miss Phebe E. Matthews, a daughter of Jonathan Matthews. Their children are — Merrill M., in the bank with his father; Lillian A. and Lovina G. Three children died in infancy. Politically Mr. Cooney was formerly a Whig, voting for General Scott for President in 1852. Later he became an Abolitionist. In 1860 he went to Pike's Peak, where he remained several years, being absent a greater portion of the time during the war of the Rebellion, but he was heartily in sympathy with the Union. He is now a Republican. —Mg^MHV- f^ENRY J. COOLEY, one of Carroll County's pioneers, was born in Rutland County, Yermont, February 13, 1851, he being the eldest of eight children of George and Eunice Cooley, natives of Yer- mont and New York respectively, and now residents of Audubon, Iowa. Henry J. Cooley was reared to agricultural pursuits, his youth being spent in assisting his father clear their frontier farm and bring it under cultivation. The parents left Rutland County, Yermont, and settled with their family in , ■ -■■■- ■ ■■-■■■■■■■■ ^ ■■"'■■■■■■■■■■^ ■ ■■ ■ ■ ■■■■■■^.■■.■■■■ ■ ■■■« ! Ytf t\k> m BIOQMAPHIGAL SKETCHES. 633 Guthrie County, Iowa, in 1857, where the father entered 160 acres of land, and erected a log cabin with puncheon floors. They experienced many of the vicissitudes of pio- neer life. They used ox teams in breaking their prairie, and their principal meat was wild ga"me, which was very plentiful in those days. Two years later the family removed from Guthrie to Carroll County, settling in Newton Township, where the father bought land for $1.25 per acre, which he improved from a state of nature. "While living on this farm their trading and milling was done at Des Moines. Henry J. Cooley, the subject of this sketch, remained at home with his parents till attaining the age of eighteen years, when he was married to Alvia Monroe, a native of Ohio, and a daughter of John and Nancy Monroe, who were natives of Ohio and pioneers of Can-oil County, Iowa. To this union were born four children — Willard H., Fred L., Carrie M. and Efiie F. After the marriage of our subject his father gave him a horse, and after buying another one he rented part of the old home place, where he followed farming for four years. He then purchased eighty acres on section 19, Sheridan Township, which he traded two years later for forty acres of land on the same section, on which he resided two years. He then traded his land on section 19 for forty acres on section 16, where he resided until 1882, when he went to Oregon. He remained there but a short time, when he returned to Carroll County, Iowa, and engaged in dealing in coal and grain at Audubon. His wife being in feeble health he went with her to Cali- fornia in October, 1885, where she died October 31, 1885. November 28 he returned to Iowa, and soon after was again bereaved by the death of his daughter Efiie. In the spring of 1886 he went to the Black Hills, Colorado, returning the following June to Carroll County, when he began clerking in a mercantile establishment at Dedham, where he has since resided. Mr. Cooley is a mem- ber of the Methodist Episcopal church. Po- litically he is a Republican. YLYESTER PRESTON, real estate, loan and collection agent, also an at- torney, Coon Rapids, located here in the fall of 1878, and was the first attorney of the place. He came from Harrison County, where he had been practicing law two years. He first became a resident of Carroll County May 1, 1869. Mr. Preston was born in Grant County, Wisconsin, in 1850. He was reared in his native county, and educated in the public schools and at Sinsinawa Mound College, in Grant County. In the spring of 1869 his father, Allen Preston, came to Iowa with his family and settled in Carroll. The father erected the Iowa House at that place, and conducted it about twelve years. He then took charge of another hotel there until 1885, when he removed to Wayne County, Nebraska. He was born in Chenango County, New York. Our subject began studying law at Carroll City, with Joseph Kelley, in 1874, and was admitted to the bar at Dnnlap, Har- rison County, in 1875, where he opened his first office in Woodbine, that county. He re- mained there two years, then located in the town of Audubon, Audubon County, coming to Coon Rapids later, where he has since re- mained. He now devotes the most of his at- tention to real estate and collections. He is also a notary public. Mr. Preston was mar- ried in Guthrie County, May 23, 1872, to Miss Delilah Jane Clearwater, who was born in Indiana, and died at Carroll, May 1, 1876, leaving one daughter — Carrie, who died at the age of seven years. Politically Mr. 634 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. Preston is a Democrat. An elder brother, Lorenzo Preston, located at Grant City, Sac County, in 1867, and soon after came to this county. He is now with his father in Nebraska. j^LEXANDEE TUEL, of Union Town- ship, was born in Monroe County, Ohio, December 23, 1847, son of William and Margaret (Knight) Tuel, who were the parents of fourteen children. In 1855 the Tuel family removed to Lee County, Iowa, where our subject was reared, and educated in the common schools. Arriving at the age of manhood he was married in 1872 to Martha C. Bagley, who died in 1876. Mr. Tuel came to Carroll County in 1866, first locating on section 16, Union Township, where he lived three years. He then sold and bought a portion of his present farm of fifty-four acres. He has since added to that amount until he now owns 294 acres of as good land as can be found in the township. He married his present wife September 16, 1877. She was formerly Miss Almira Chev- alier, of this county. They have five children — Leonard, Geneva, Oscar, Anna and Ottie. Politically Mr. Tuel is a Democrat. He is also a member of Masonic Lodge No 197. He started in life a poor man, but by indus- try and good management has secured a fine property. HERMANN HESSLINGH, farmer, sec- tion 6, Grant Township, was born in !(f Hanover,Germany, January 24,1837, son of George and Catherine (Okken) Hesslingh. He resided in Germany until 1864, when, in company with his brother George, he came to America, locating in Ogle County, Illinois. He was married September 16, 1871, to Miss Jessie Johnson, also a native of Hanover, and a daughter of John and Wendel (Klink- enburg) Johnson. The parents, with their eight children, came to America in 1860, set- tling in Ogle County, Illinois. Mr. Hess- lingh came to Carroll County in the fall of 1871 and bought some wild land of the Iowa Railroad Land Company, which is his present home. He first bought eighty acres on sec- tion 8. He has a comfortable house, good farm buildings for stock and grain, a fine grove of trees and a good orchard. Mr. and Mrs. Hesslingh are the parents of six children ^-George C. W., Wendaline, Hermann, Cath- erine, Johanna and John. He is a Democrat in politics, and has served as township clerk and township trustee several terms with great credit. Being honest and just in business transactions, he has gained the confidence and esteem of all. ►^nS-* jEPHAS PAEKEE, of Coon Eapids, is one of the well-known pioneers of Car- roll County, having settled here in 1868. He first located on section 17, Union Town- ship, where he improved the farm and lived one year. He then removed to Audubon County, and three years later returned to Carroll County, settling on section 16, Union Township. In 1875 he purchased the flour- ing-mill of Coon Eapids, and removed to that place. He owned the mill about ten years, then sold to George W. Foreman, the present proprietor. Mr. Parker built his new and beautiful residence in 1882. He was born in Holmes County, Ohio, in 1831, and lived in the Buckeye State until 1852, when he came to Cedar County, this State. In the fall of that same year his father, Asa L. Par- ■■■"■■■■■■n»l|HB». » a «MB M lll»B«M« »1«°j a™JE5I5H5B5 ^E^jaaaSiii? BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 635 ker, settled in the same county, and in 1874 came to Carroll County, where he died in 1882. The mother died two years previous. Mr. Parker has usually been engaged in agri- cultural pursuits, and is an enterprising citi- zen. He married Adeline Hupp, daughter of John Hupp, who settled in Cedar County in 1853. The father is now deceased and the mother lives with Mrs. Parker. fOHN BELL, a prosperous farmer of Car- roll County, Iowa, residing on section 23, Sheridan Township, is a native of Down County, Ireland, born January 26, 1838, and was the fourth in a family of ten children of Andrew and Elizabeth (Brown) Bell. The father being a blacksmith, John was reared to the same avocation. He re- mained in his native country till 1857, when he sailed from Liverpool, England, alone, landing at New York City, and a short time afterward went to Warren County, New York, where he followed farming, working by the month for two years. He then went to Washington County, New York, where he resided about nine years, when he immi- grated to Cedar County, Iowa, where he worked on a farm by the month for one year. He was married in New York State March 15, 1870, to Miss Emma Wood, who was born in Washington County, New York, May 10, 1849, a daughter of Charles and Sarah (Hollinbeck) Wood, who were natives of the State of Vermont. Mr. and Mrs. Wood had a family of eight children, Mrs. Bell being the sixth child. To Mr. and Mrs. Bell have been born nine children, of whom seven are living — Lizzie, Jennie S., Albert, Carrie M., Minnie A., Effie C. and Mattie E. Mattie died in 1878, aged thirteen years, and Stephen A. died in 1884, aged one year and seven months. Mr. Bell left Cedar County in 1870, when he came to Carroll County and settled on his present farm, which at that time was raw prairie land. He now has one of the finest farms in the county, located as follows: the northwest quarter of section 23, the east half of the southwest quarter of sec- tion 23, the south half of the northeast quarter of section 22, and the southeast quarter of the southeast quarter of section 15, Sheridan Township. He is success- fully engaged in farming and stock-rais- ing. He has on his farm a native grove covering two acres, and one acre of ground for an orchard. His residence is both comforta- ble and commodious, and his farm buildings are in good condition, making his farm one of the most desirable in his neighborhood. In politics Mr. Bell is a Republican, and is a strong advocate of the principles of his party. sn^, lM — B„M.^1 T^m*m m w m m m m m m m ui = w 1§ i fjlr' 'HE fact that Iowa is situated near the geo- graphical center of the United States, be- tween the two great rivers of the conti- and on the line of the trans-continental rail- ways, presages for her a future in the development of her resources which, it does not require the prevision of a pro- phet to see, will at no distant day place her in an eminent position among the States of our Union, which nature, as- sisted by the energy, thrift and enterprise of her citizens, lias so abundantly fitted her to occupy. When we call to mind the fact that the present greatness of Iowa is all the growth of little more than forty years, we may well anticipate the grandeur that awaits her in the near future — now that she is provided with all the means necessary for the more rapid development of her inexhaustible re- sources. In her healthful climate, produc- tive soil, railroad and water transportation 45 facilities, and her intelligent, enterprising people, we have the best guaranty that her future progress will be unprecedented. The pioneer work has been done in most parts of the State, and railroads, public buildings, churches, school-houses, etc., are provided, so that the citizens of Iowa now enjoy all the comforts, conveniences and advantages obtained in the older States, and Iowa offers to-day proportionately greater inducements to capital, enterprise and labor. Incalculable wealth lies hidden in the inex- haustible coal mines, furnishing motive-power, and the unused water-power form natural mill-sites, in almost every county in the State, for manufacturing industries. Iowa, for agricultural and manufacturing resources, has no superior among all the States, while her channels of trade radiate in all directions. Next to the fertility of its soil, its excel- lent climate, and the energy of its industrial classes, the prosperity of the State is due to wise legislation, by which its financial credit has been maintained, internal improvements encouraged, public instruction rapidly ad- vanced, and immigration and capital attracted. Thirty-eight years have elapsed since Iowa was admitted as a State, and during that 640 .■■■■■■■■^■■■■■■■■■■■■_»_1_-»_»_»_» M M,». HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. time wonderful changes have taken place. Then savage beasts and savage men contended for the supremacy in this fair domain, but both have retreated before the white man, and to-day civilization has left its mark in numberless school-houses and churches, and in the prosperity and happiness which every- where abounds. Of Iowa, whose name is a synonym for prosperity, and her high rank in the sisterhood of States, in respect of moral and material greatness, it is unnecessary to speak at length. Aside from the experiences of the civil war, in which the State furnished her full quota of men — and no braver men were sent to the front — the history of Iowa is that of one uninterrupted march of progress in the paths of peace, and she has risen from the condition of a Territory to one of the principal States of the Republic, in popula- tion, wealth and moral greatness. With these elements of empire inherent in it, it is not surpi'ising that Iowa is making strides which must soon place her where she will be recognized as one of the foremost in manu- facturing and other industrial pursuits, as well as in agriculture. In order of admission into the Union, Iowa stands twenty-ninth; in number of square miles she is twenty-fourth; in population, tenth, while in acres of tillable land her place is first. She is the third State in the amount of cbrn raised, while she is second in number of hogs raised, third in cattle, fifth in wheat, sixth in oats, fifth in barley, fifth in flax, seventh in hay, third in milch cows, fifth in number of hogs packed, fifth in value of farm implements, sixth in value of farm products, fourth in extent of coal area, and fifth in num- ber of banks and newspapers. In religious, educational, charitable and benevolent institu- tions Iowa stands among the foremost. In regard to healthfulness her rank is fourth, while in point of the intelligence of her people she is first, having a less percentage of illiteracy than any other State. Twenty- one States have more persons in prison, and thirty-two States more female prisoners than Iowa. In the number of postoftices she is seventh, and in the amount of postal receipts sixth, being one of the eight Northern States which contribute two-thirds of the entire natipnal revenue. BOUNDARIES AND DIVISIONS. This empire is. composed of ninety-nine subdivisions, or little republics, called coun- ties, of which Carroll is one. It is bounded on the north by Calhoun and Sac counties, on the east by Greene, on the south by Guthrie and Audubon, and on the west by Crawford. It contains sixteen congressional townships, numbered from 82 to 85 north, in ranges 33 to 36 west of the Fifth Principal Meridian. For organic purposes the county is now divided into sixteen civil townships, coincident with the congressional townships. These will be mentioned in the next chapter. The county is the third east of the Missouri River, and in the fifth tier of counties, both from the northern and southern boundary of the State. TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY. Carroll is emphatically a prairie county, the eastern portion being composed of a gently undulating surface sufficiently rolling to break the monotonous sameness of the level plain, while to the westward of the Middle Raccoon River the surface is more broken and uneven, in many places rising into hills of considerable prominence. The great watershed dividing the waters which flow into the Mississippi from those which flow into the Missouri passes through this county, and at the highest point is 858 feet above Lake Michigan and 800 feet above the Mississippi River at Clinton. From this INTRODUCTORY. summit can be obtained a fine view of the surrounding country, extending in every direction as far as the eye can reach. On the east and the southeast is seen, in the dis- tance, the rich, fertile valley of the Raccoon Rivers, on the south the unsurpassingly lovely country surrounding the Nishnabotauy, and on the west the magnificent vale through which flows the Boyer. All of which in a clear summer's day afford scenery at once grand, beautiful and picturesque. Being situated upon the great dividing ridge or watershed, this county is watered and drained mostly by small streams which flow both into the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers. The largest stream is the North Raccoon, which cuts across the northeast corner of the county, while the next two in importance are the Middle Raccoon and Brushy Fork, which take their rise in the watershed divide in the northwest, and flow- ing nearly parallel from four to six miles apart in a southeast direction, make their exit near the southeast corner of the county. Storm Creek, a tributary of the Middle Rac- coon, drains a large tract in the northern- central as does the Willow Creek in the eastern border. The North Raccoon is deeply excavated into the drift deposit, and its valley is bordered by rather steep acclivities from seventy to one hundred feet in height, while the Middle Raccoon is bordered on the west by high bluff-capped slopes, and on the east by drift hills, which gain the interior heights by more gradual ascents. Brushy Fork possesses a beautiful valley with gentle acclivities on either side, as does the East Nishnabotany and Boyer Rivers and Whitted's Creek, which are on the west side of the watershed divide. The upper course of all of these streams are little more than diminu- tive prairie brooks, with gravelly beds and clear, rapid currents, many of those having their headwaters in the great divide inter- locking, as it were, being separated by a narrow crest as sharply defined as a gable ridge. Springs issue from the gravel deposits along these water courses, furnishing them with an abundant supply of limpid, pure water at all seasons of the year. East of the Middle Raccoon River wells are easily obtained, while in the uplands west of that stream those seeking water must go to a much greater depth, though the certainty of finding a never-failing supply is just as good. In a shallow depression or plain below Car- rollton, on the east side of the Middle Rac- coon, several interesting spring mounds occur, which have excited much attention and are described as follows by Dr. White, in the Iowa State Geology; "The plain is thirty or forty feet above the present level of the river, from which it is separated by a well- defined drift ridge which, in places, rises into considerable knob-like eminences from one hundred to one hundred and fifty feet above the stream. The plain, however, com- municates with the valley both above and below, and was probably once the channel of the river. The spring mounds are situated along an irregular line more or less in the middle of the depression; they are from four to six feet in height and as many yards in diameter, and are apparently entirely com- posed of vegetable matter, forming a peaty deposit which is largely mixed with the ex- uviae of shells and other animal remains. The crests of the mounds are covered with a tall, rank flag or marsh grass, but "upon the sides there are usually two well-marked bands of short herbage and moss encircling the mounds and separated by a narrow belt of tall grass. The deposit of the vegetation upon these places is exceedingly interesting, though the mounds themselves, doubtless, owe their origin to the existence of pools of ■-■-■■^-■■■■■■■■■■■■■■-■-■-■.■■-■.■. l.» a ".».B-». - 642 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. water, indicating more or less accurately the course of a former water channel, and which, being fed from higher sources, the tendency is what we observe — a gradual building up of a peaty formation. The surface of the plain beyond the limits of the mounds is perfectly level, and the deposit consists of decayed vegetable matter mixed with sand, forming a sandy muck." Like that of Gruthrie County, which lies on the great divide just southeast of Carroll, the soil of this county presents two well- marked varieties: that on the east side of the Middle Raccoon being of the drift formation, is a gravelly loam of great strength and pro- ductiveness, while to west of that stream the uplands are deeply enveloped in the bluff formation, which has imparted to the soil of this portion of the county its own peculiar characteristics. Small groves of native tim- ber are found on the principal streams; and in favorable locations, even upon the uplands, forests of young oak are springing up. Some two or three small patches are met with in the valley of Brushy Fork, and between Coon Rapids and Carroll ton; on the Middle Rac- coon more extensive tracts are covered with a fine growth of young timber. No beds of coal have as yet been dis- covered, except at Coon Rapids, on the southern edge of the county, though it is not deemed improbable, says Dr. White, that' the coal-measure formation underlies at least a portion of the county. The only specimens yet found have been discovered in digging wells and making other excavations, and are only small fragments associated with the loose material of the drift deposit. Peat is known to exist in several places in the county, some of which are of considerable extent, and should they be found to be free from sand and gravel, they will eventually become of some value as a resource for fuel. Good building stone is not found within the limits of Carroll County, the cretaceous sand- stone being too friable to answer for ordinary building purposes, except some of the harder layers, which are employed in laying up rough under-pinnings, in walling wells, etc. Material for the manufacture of brick is found in abundance, yet care is necessary in selecting clay in the western portion of the county, in consequence of the prevalence of calcareous matter derived from the disin- tegration of the bluff deposits on the surface of the lower slopes. The lime thus mixed with the earth is converted into quicklime in the process of burning brick, and on exposure to moisture the lime slakes and bursts the brick. if & EARLY AND CIVIL HISTORY. HE Indian title to this region was extinguished many years before any white man selected a site in what is now Carroll County to be his per- manent home. From 1837 to 1851 the county was theoretically a part of Benton, which then in- cluded all the territory between its northern and southern lines, extending to the Missouri River. In 1851 Carroll County was established and attached to Polk, and two years later attached to Shelby. These changes possess but slight interest, as the settlement of the county had not commenced. The Indians remained be- cause there was no white man to object to their presence. The county was named in honor of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Indepen- dence. The first settlement in the county was made on section 2, township 84, range 33 (now GHidden Township), in 1854. The same autumn and the following spring a number SBSmSmSSSaSStSaSSSSSSSSSaSmSSi of immigrants fixed their homes here. Feb- ruary 14, 1855, the county was attached to •Guthrie. The county judge of Guthrie County, James Henderson, on the 16th of July, 1855, issued the following order: "To Solomon Loomis, of Carroll Town- ship, Carroll County, attached to Guthrie County, "Greeting: It is hereby ordered that an election be held at the house of Henry Cop- lin, in Carroll Township, in said county and State, on the first Monday in August, 1855, for the organization of Carroll County and the election of county officers of said Carroll County, and that this warrant be directed to Solomon Loomis, of said township, to adver- tise the legal notice of county officers for said Carroll County, viz: county judge, treasurer and recorder, clerk of district court, prose- cuting attorney, county surveyor, drainage commissioner, sheriff and coroner, to be elected at said election, and that he proceed according to law." The house of Henry Coplin, above men- tioned, was on section 12, township 84, range 34 (now Grant Township). The entire popu- It lit »mmmm m .m m ,w a,m m ,ui m m^ n ^a i lm u m . m m ai m m a mi ^ iii m a n n aM m a m„m m m a , m m m m m m m m 644 III STOUT OF OABBOLL COUNTY. ■»— »— lation of the county was at this time less than 100, and the number of voters about thirty. The first county officers elected were : County Judge, A. J. Cain; Clerk of District Court, Levi Thompson; Treasurer and Recorder, James White; Surveyor, Robert Lloyd; Prosecuting Attorney, L. McCurdy; Sheriff, J. T. Anderson. EABLY OEDEES OF COUNTY JUDGE. The first order of Judge Cain was dated December 3, 1855, and reads " James "White was allowed $4 for hauling the laws of Iowa for Carroll County from Iowa City to Carroll County." On the same date James White was allowed $12.50 on account of salary as treasurer and recorder; A> J. Cain> $12.50 for salary as county judge; and Levi Thomp- son $16.00 for services as clerk. On the 18th of the same month " The County of Carroll bought of S. A. Walker, Fort Des Moines, four plats, as follows: No. 82, 83, 84, 85 north, of range 33 west; at $2.50 each." February 4, 1856, Cain, Thompson and White were each allowed $12.50 on account of salary. At this time the county was divided into two townships — Newton and Jasper. In the spring of 1856 justices and constables Were elected in these townships. In Newton the judges of election Were Thomas McCurdy, Robert Morris and Benjamin Tellor; clerks, Robert Floyd and Cyrus Babbitt. In Jasper the judges were Levi Thompson, Robert Dickson and Enos Butrick; clerk, James G. Anderson* / SELECTION OF COUNTY SEAT. A petition was presented to the district judge April 7, 1856, asking for the appoint- ment of commissioners to select a site for the county seat. This was signed by the follow- ing twenty persons, nearly all the legal voters of the county at that time: Thomas T. Mor- ris, George W. Tellor, Henry Coplin, Robert Dickson, Levi Thompson, A. J. Cain, Enos Butrick, David Butrick, O. J. Niles, S. L. Loomis, Benjamin Tellor, Thomas McCurdy, Robert Morris, David Vance, Robert Floyd, Conrad Geiselhart, Edward Smith, Cyrus R. Babbitt, Cyrus Rhoades and Jacob Davis. In accordance with a provision of a statute approved January 12, 1853, Judge E. H. Sears, of the Sixth Judicial District, then in- cluding Carroll County, appointed as such commissioners William L. Henderson, Esq'., of Guthrie County, John Purdy, Esq., of Crawford County, and Dr. S. M. Ballard, of Audubon County. They were directed to perform their duty within two months. Dr. Ballard failed to act, but the two others were sworn June 4, and on the 6th of June made the following formal report: " Whereas we, the undersigned, were ap- pointed by Hon. E. H. Sears, District Judge of the Sixth Judicial District of the State of Iowa, on the 14th day of April, 1856, Com- missionei-s to locate the seat of justice or county seat of Carroll County, in the State of Iowa, we therefore, in conformity to said ap- pointment, after being duly qualified accord- ing to law and after mature deliberation and carefully reviewing and examining all and every proposed site within the bounds of the said county of Carroll, having due regard for the welfare and prospects of the people of the said county, also the welfare, prospects and convenience of the future as well as the pres- ent population of the said county of Carroll do hereby by the power invested in us locate the permanent county seat of the said county of Carroll, in the State of Iowa, on the north fractional half of the northeast quarter of section 1 in township 82 north, of range 34 west of the fifth principal meri- ^■■-■-m-h-m. EARLY AND CIVIL HI8T0RY. Gio dian, and on the south half of the southeast quarter of section 36 in township 83 north, of range 34 west of the fifth principal meridian, and on which the town of Carrollton is now laid out, and also such additional territory as may be donated on either side of the premises aforesaid, or that may be purchased by the proper authorities of said county at any time, and added thereto without limit." items, 1856. The census of Carroll County in 1856 was taken by the assessors of the two townships, and showed the total population to be 251. The first case of pauperism in the county occurred in the summer of 1856, when Dr. I. P. Miller, the pioneer physician, was allowed $24 for attending one John Sals- bery, and Enos Butrick contracted with the county court to care for him at $2 a week as long as he was sick. Dr. Miller was after- ward allowed $50 additional. Robert Floyd was allowed $3.50 for sur- veying the blocks in the town of Carrollton. S. L. Loomis was allowed $1 for dividing the blocks into lots. August 5, 1856, the county officers had a mutual settlement, and it was found that the county owed A. J. Cain $19.25; James An- derson, $5.00; Levi Thompson, $12.50. Cyrus R. Babbitt was allowed $34.00 for assessing Newton Township. The first tax levy made after the organization of the county was in 1856: 1£ mills for State tax; 6 mills for county tax; 1 mill for school tax; 3 mills for road tax ; poll tax, $2.00 ; county poll tax, 50 cents. The first law prohibiting the running at large of hogs and sheep was passed in 1856 by a vote of 27 to 6. Among the immigrants of 1856, besides those already mentioned, were Lafayette Mc- Curdy, Amos Basom, "Wesley H. Blizzard, Uriah Gibson, William H. Teitsort, N. H. Powers, J. H. Watson, William Grilley, Will- iam Ochampaugh and Simon Ochampaugh. The proceeds of the sale of lots in Carroll- ton, belonging to the county, were loaned at interest for a time. Samuel L. Loomis bor- rowed $262.50; Thomas McCurdy, $190; Robert Morris, $25. SUBSEQUENT OBDEES. The following unique item bears date of June 8, 1857, and is signed by L. McCurdy, County Judge: "License was granted this day by the county court to Samuel L. Loomis to peddle dry goods, fancy notions and patent medi- cines throughout the State of Iowa, for three months from this date, and he has paid twelve dollars and fifty cents for the use of the State of Iowa, which entitles him to use two or three animals in transporting his merchan- dise." James Y. Anderson assessed the whole of Carroll County in 1857, and received there- for $125. The taxes for the year amounted to $3,505.17. March 1, 1858, James Thorington, of Wash- ington, D. C, was appointed as agent, with power of attorney to select and secure to the county of Carroll all swamp lands belonging to said county by act of Congress passed September 28, 1850. April 6, 1858, County Judge Morris ap- pointed Robert Hill and Noah Titus surveyors to select the swamp lands in Carroll County. Hill was assigned the townships in ranges 33 and 35, and Titus those in ranges 34 and 36. Robert Hill was shortly after allowed $5 for furnishing plans and specifications for a court-house. This Hill, who has now been dead for a number of years, was an odd character, and it is related of him that his 646 HISTORY OF OABROLL COUNTY. manner of surveying was to tie a handker- chief on a wagon wheel, and then count the revolutions of the wheel. Of the swamp land surveys in this county, not any outside of range 33 were ever approved. The last official act of Judge T. T. Morris was to settle, on December 13, 1859, with H. L. Youtz, administrator of the estate of Nelson P>. Moore, who had taken the contract for building the court-house at Oarrollton. In this settlement the county paid $818, and took the responsibility of finishing the build- ing, which was unpainted and unplastered. BOAED OF StJPEEVISOKS. Judge Morris was succeeded by Judge William Shriner in January, 1860. At the close of that year the general government of county affairs was taken from the county judge, who was left in charge of only probate matters, and given to a Board of Supervisors. The Board at first included two members, one for each township. It was in 1863 increased to three, when Union Township was added to Jasper and Newton, In 1867 three more townships were added — Carroll, Glidden and Sheridan — and then the Board had six members from 1868 to 1870, In 1871 the township system was abolished, and the county Board reduced" to three members. This was increased to five in 1873, and has since remained at that number. The first Board met and organized January 6, 1861, and consisted of Crockett Bibble and Jacob Cretsinger. The first act of this organized body of two was to pass the fol- lowing resolution: " Jiesolved, That the clerk be authorized to issue orders upon the certificate of either member of the Board when such certificate is given for any ordinary township business or matters which do not directly interest the county, and also to issue orders upon certifi- cates for scalps of animals without action of the Board." Their second act was to authorize the clerk to sell at auction the supplying of wood for the clerk's office, and the third was to appoint Amos Basom and Levi Higgins justices of the peace. This was all the business trans- acted at the January term. At the April session, besides the allowance of bills, orders were passed authorizing the clerk to buy fuel, lights, stationery, etc.; fixing the legal day "for supervisors, clerks and other county officers whose pay is by the day at six hours constant and diligent labor"; appointing Will- iam H. Price judge of probate for the unex- pired term of Judge Shriner; allowing the clerk $2 a day for actual work, and appoint- ing Robert Hill agent of the county to pro- cure the swamp lands belonging to the county from the Government, and fixing his compen- sation at 1 per cent, of the proceeds of the sale of said lands. At the June session thetax levy was fixed as follows: For State purposes, one and one- half mills; for county purposes, four mills; for schools, two mills; poll tax, fifty cents; for school-house purposes in su,b-district No. 2 in Jasper Township school district, five mills; same in sub-district No. 1, five mills; for contingent expenses, one and one-half mills; for incidental expenses in sub-district No. 2, Newton Township, one mill. This meeting occurred during the first glow of en- thusiasm which was aroused in the loyal North by the call of President Lincoln for volunteer soldiers to suppress the slave-hold- ers' rebellion, and although the population of Carroll County was only about 250, and recruiting could not be carried on on a very extensive scale, still the citizens were too patriotic to make no outward show of loyalty. This reflection will explain the following en- E-gggaBBHii^B^ire^^^ 1 ^^^ i -a a M ai M iai M i B M «i M » Bi i a,aB M PM B M i B i BiaimM M ia„ ig eJ i M»«»»a ^ ■ ■ ■ ■^ ■ ■■■■ ■ ■■■■^^"■■■■^ ■ ■■^ ■ ■■■ ■ ^ ■ ^■■ ■ -ai SWiii a-WM W . EARLY AND CIVIL HISTORY. 647 try on the records of the Board, though it reads oddly enough at this time: "A petition was numerously signed pray- ing to the Supervisors to appropriate the sum of $25.00, or as much as would be needed, to purchase a flag, drums and fife; and the same was granted and the clerk ordered to issue a warrant for the same." In January, 1862, Mr. Kibble retired from the board, and Levi Higgins took his place, the other member being Mr. Cretsinger. Mr. Kibble was appointed swamp land agent in the place of Robert Hill. In April fol- lowing the board decided to allow each fam- ily, a member of which had gone to the war, $25. This sum was at once paid to Jacob Davis, Mrs. S. A. Davis, John Monroe, Amos Rhoades and Cyrus Rhoades. J_n Oc- tober following the same bounty was paid to R. Haney and James F. McLuen. In February, 1863, Crockett Ribble was given the contract for building a saw and grist-mill at Nile's Grove (Coon Rapids). This was the first mill in the county, and it is said that the county issued some $6,000 of warrants on its account. It was in this year that the county sold to the American Emigrant Company 21,840 acres of swamp land selected by Franklin H. Whitney. All the county received in return was $3,500 in money, and the promise of a certain number of immigrants. This transac- tion has not been regarded as at all creditable to the county, in the light of subsequent his- tory, and it is small consolation to know that other counties suffered in the same way. The titles to much of this land were long in dis- pute, and the result was a hindrance to the development of the county's resources. Union Township was erected December 8, 1863, in the following resolution: " Resolved, That there be a new township set off from the east end of Newton Town- ship, bounded and described as follows: Commencing at the northeast corner of sec- tion one, township 83, range thirty- three; thence west to the northwest corner of sec- tion four, same township; thence south to the southwest corner of section sixteen, town- ship eighty-two, range thirty-three; thence west to the northwest corner of section nine- teen, same township; thence south to the southwest corner of section thirty-one; thence east to the Greene County line; and thence north to the place of beginning. " Resolved, That the election in said Union Township shall be held at the school-house in sub-district No. 4, in said township, at the time of the next general election, November 1, 1864." As thus delimited, the township was very different in shape and size to that since given it. It was made to include all of the present township, except the northwest six sections (5, 6, 7, 8, 17 and 18), and the east two- thirds of what is now Highland. Union was the first township created by the Board of Supervisors, and made the three townships in the county. Newton had previously included the southern half of Carroll County, and Jasper the northern half. At this same session of the Board, the bounty to enlisted and drafted men was raised to $100. In June, 1864, the bounties were equalized by paying $75 additional to those who had received $25. The salaries of the county officers in those days were not large. During the first few years the county judge, clerk of the district court and treasurer and recorder received $50 annually each, paid in quarterly install- ments. Subsequently the treasurer and recorder was given $20 a month, and in 1864 the clerk and the treasurer and recorder were allowed $30 a month. In January, 1865, the Board held a special 648 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. meeting and decided to issue $4,800 in bonds to raise money to pay volunteers under the last call of the Government. Recruiting ceased soon after, however, owing to the close of the war. In September, 1866, Union Township was enlarged and made to include all of town- ships 82 and 83, range 33 (the present town- ships of Highland and Union). Orrin Jer- ome, John Hupp, Sr., and Elijah S. Wine were appointed judges of the next election. An interesting bit of history for future reading was made at the December meeting of the Board, 1866, in the shape of a back salary grab. A petition was presented to the Board signed by Crockett Ribble, Amos Rhoades, Alva Chambers, J. B. Hampton, G-. W. Hunter, Isaac Ferguson and others, in the following words: " The petition of the undersigned citizens of Carroll County would respectfully repre- sent that whereas the within named county officers have not nor do not receive a suffi- cient , compensation for their labor, and whereas the law gives authority to the Board of Supervisors of any county to increase, the salary of county officers by appropriation to make good any deficiency, now therefore we would respectfully solicit the Honorable Board to appropriate to the following officers the sums set opposite their respective names: "William H. Price, County Judge, $150 for 1866; La Fayette McCurdy, County Treas- urer, $75 per month from January 1, 1866; William Gilley, Clerk of the District Court, $25 per month additional, to commence the 1st of January, 1863, and to so continue; Dr. Thomas Elwood, Recorder, $100 for 1866." The petition was granted and the clerk authorized to issue warrants for the amounts mentioned. In January following, $500 was appropri- ated for William Gilley " as a mark of re- spect for impartial and gentlemanly conduct," and $1,000- for Crockett Ribble, who had been out of office more than a year, but had served four years as treasurer. Two supervisors also were presented with $150 each, and a third with $75. Lafayette McCurdy, ex- treasurer, was also allowed $500 to "equab- ize his pay with the other officers." Without discussing the sufficiency of the preyious salaries; it may be said' by way of comment that increasing a salary for time that has gone by, the services being per- formed and the compensation already re- ceived, has never been regarded with favor by conscientious citizens. When a similar act was passed by Congress, a few years later, for the benefit of Government officers, the latter were forced by moral pressure to refund the bonuses thus received from the treasury, and were, besides, many of them ruined poli- tically. The famous salary-grab of Congress was proportionally on a smaller scale than that carried out in Carroll County. It is safe to say that no such a scheme could be engi- neered to success in any locality where news- papers are printed and published. It was two years after that before the first paper was started in Carroll County. It will be noticed that the time was nearly expired for which the salaries were thus in- creased, and in one case the increase ex- tended back foxir years. It is a matter of common knowledge that the affairs of Carroll County were for several years administered carelessly and extravagantly, if not corruptly, and it was this policy that burdened the county with a debt that at one time exceeded $160,000. Much of this was compromised, so barefaced were the frauds, but still the county treasury has unnecessarily suffered, to a large extent. The older citizens, who are familiar with the facts, speak of these things with sorrow. It is to the credit of ianm lm u m m m ,u m m^ta m ta m .u^m m u m m m m m a m asiiBni ia_4i_w. < mm m m ^u^m s asnB sm s U m,mmm m ia m m^at^u m mi sms^^as i it^m ai m m n m m ak m„m m . n i„m m m m ,m mm w> 1B iB „Bi m , t EARLY AND OIVIL HISTORY. 64!) the county and its voting population that the community has been redeemed from such rule, the debt paid, and affairs are now conducted with commendable economy. It may not be generally known that Carroll County anticipated the United States Gov- ernment in passing a timber-culture law. The Board did enact such an one in June, 1867, by the terms of which the county ad- vanced $25 per acre (in county warrants worth about 40 cents on the dollar) to set- tlers who would plant and cultivate four to five acres of timber in each forty acres of prairie, or not less than fifteen acres of tim- ber on each 160 acres of prairie. The act was made to extend over three years, and the county was to be secured by mortgage, to be released in five years, if all the conditions had been complied with. Such lands were also to be free from taxation. This liberal enactment was not taken advantage of to any great extent. The fourth township created in the county was named Carroll, and dates from June, 1867. It was then bounded as follows: Be- ginning at the Crawford County line, at the southwest corner of section 18, township 83, range 36 ; thence east to the southeast corner of section 16, township 83, range 34; thence due north to the northeast corner of section 4, same township; thence due east to the township line, between ranges 33 and 34; thence north to the northeast corner of sec- tion 1, township 84, range 34; thence west to the northwest corner of section 6, town- ship 84, range 36; thence south on the county line to the place of beginning. These lines included the present townships of Arcadia, Carroll and Grant, the north half of "Wash- ington and Roselle, and the northwest quar- ter of Pleasant Valley. A. J. Delany, Robert Hill and John J. McCollnm were appointed judges of the first election. The petition to organize this township was signed by forty- eight persons, and as they included almost every legal voter, their names are here given as a nearly complete list of the early settlers of the territory mentioned, nearly one-third of the county: Thomas Willey, J. B. Hampton, W. P. Hayes, Patrick Hogan, R. H. "Wilson, "Will- iam Connell, David Cain, James T. Beatty; John Hill, Aaron Peterson, M. Boman, John Bruel, T. Clausen, Patrick Brade, Patrick O'Brien, J. E. Cox, J. Willson, R. O. Robin- son, Louis R. Eby, William McCabe, W. H. "Wrenn, Michael Conley, Michael "Ward, Arthur Delany, "William Bannister, Hugh Beatty, Henry Baily, Pat. Fleming, "William "W. Teitsort, George Clark, P. C. "Waldren, John J. McCollum, O. L. Kidder, "William Connors, George A. "Wilson, C. H. Teitsort, John O'Brien, Christopher Lenon, Augustus Lutz, William H. Ingraham, Jacob Arriens, Freia Breuel, A. H. Arriens, Thomas Cole- man, William Connors and J. Sherman. The first liquor permit in the county was granted in 1867, at Carrollton, to Dr. Thomas Elwood. He was given a permit to " buy and sell intoxicating liquors for the term of one year, for mechanical, medicinal, culinary and sacramental purposes, in quantities less than five gallons — also malt liquors as a beverage." Three new townships were created August 5, 1867, the year that the Chicago & North- western Railroad came through the county and brought a 'considerable increase in popu- lation. These were each jnst one congress- ional township in size, and this plan has been since followed, so that there are now just as many civil as congressional townships — sixteen. The townships erected in 1867, with the names of the petitioners for organi- zation, were as follows: Glidden, township 84, range 33: Enos i 650 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. Butrick, B. Salisbury, Samuel Duckett, R. Caldwell, John T. "Williams, Uriah Gibson, L. B. Maulsby, Eobert Dickson, W. A. Stros- nider, William Dunphy, Isaac Spragne, Pat- rick Gorrey, C. W. Butrick, Samuel Spurgeon, A. H. Gibson, Thomas Hirons, G. Gibson, S. W. Lanck, A. Stevens, A. Salisbury, William Short, M. L. Peters, John Hancock, A. B. Wattles, Augustus Jones, Edwin Stone, D. K. Butrick and Abraham Spurgeon. Sheridan, township 85, range 34: Samuel Kelley, J. W. Athey, S. Johnson, Milton Bonner, James W. Beebe, Mark Brooks, George F. Browning, Cyreno C. Duel, P. Roby, and — • Bonner — Barton, H. Prickett, - Stone. Jasper, township 85, range 33: Rufus Fra- zier, J. W. Morlan, D. J. Pitkins, Elijah Prickett, William Laporte, Daniel Cooper, H. Hastings, Levi Higgins, J. William Hobbs, William Ochampaugh, S. Bush, H. Ribble, G. W. Higgins, Simeon Ochampaugh and J. H. Ochampaugh. EEMOVAL OF COUNTY SEAT. A petition signed by sixty-seven promi- nent citizens of the county was presented to the Board of Supervisors in August, 1867, calling for a vote on the removal of the county seat from Carrollton to the new town of Carroll, which had been laid out on the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad, just com- pleted east and west through the county. The petition represented: "That the present county seat of Carroll County is not convenient to the majority of [the citizens of] said county. That it is not centrally located, but on the contrary is situ. ated in a remote part of the county, thereby causing great inconvenience to the majority of the citizens in the transaction of necessary business. And your petitioners further repre- sent that they desire to have the county seat re-located at Carroll City, for the following reasons, to wit: '■'■First, That Carroll City is situated with- in one mile and a half of the geographical center of the said county, and it is a situation on the Northwestern Railroad, affording an easy access to the citizens of a large portion of said county. " Second, That a majority of the qualified voters reside at and near the said Carroll City, and that said Carroll City is rapidly increasing in permanent population. " Third, That the construction company have promised to furnish the grounds neces- sary for the erection of county buildings, and requisite for the transaction of county busi- ness, if the county seat shall be changed to Carroll City, thereby securing to the county commodious grounds in the most central portion of the county free of expense. "Fowth, That your petitioners believe that affording in-comers the easiest facility in transacting county business at a place cen- trally located, and situated on the railroad, will tend to increase the price of property within the county, and invite settlers to it. " Fifth, That eventually the increasing de- mands of business and the influx of popula- tion will necessitate the removal of the county seat to a more central portion of the county; and we believe that it is wise to make the change now, in view of the growth of the said county in wealth and pop- ulation, and fix permanently upon a place. Central location and railroad facilities will remove all objections in the transaction of county business, both to the old and new settlers, especially that the county has had a generous offer of the necessary grounds free of expense. " Your petitioners therefore pray that your honorable Board order a vote to be taken be- tween said Carroll City and Carrollton, the WgSB ■CTrsna-awBTi.,"-"'-.' ■■■■■[■■■"■■^"■■■■■■aMB'inj MiiiJua. J I .»„«.,. .■■^ ^■■■■ ■ ^^ - ■ ^ ^^^■ ■ ■■■..■■ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ ■■ ■■ ■ ■ ■■■ ■ . Q^B »WP™M —»™«"l»" B^aB^f H ^ M ^W I ^^ EARLY AND CIVIL HISTORY. 651 present county seat, at the next general election, to take place on the second Tuesday of Octo- ber next, for the purpose of determining the removal of said county seat to said Carroll City, and your petitioners will ever pray." The petition was granted, and at the elec- tion eighty-eight votes were cast for the re- moval, to thirty for retaining it at Carrollton. It was not expected that the citizens of the latter place would submit to it without a protest, and this came to the Board in the form of a petition signed by seven citizens of Carrollton (Thomas Elwood, J. G. W. Char- michael, H. J. P. Miller, William Fuel, G. W. Hunter, J. B. Hampton and G. H. Shutz), and dated April 27, 1868, reading as follows: " ¥e, the undersigned petitioners, would respectfully represent in our humble opinion to your Honorable Body, " First, That the petition to re-locate the county seat of this county was not according to law. " Second, The legal voters of this county did not have legal notice from the proper county officers that there was to be a vote taken to remove the county seat. "Third, The name of the town where your petitioners for removal of the county seat asked to have the county seat re-located was Carroll City and some, if not all, of the tickets handed to the legal voters of this county had printed or written on them Car- roll City for the re-location of the county seat, and we find that according to our county records we have not got any such town in our county as Carroll City. " These, gentlemen, are only a part of the wrongs perpetrated on us by the untimely re- moval of this county seat. We, your peti- tioners,, would beg of you to consider well before acting. Do not bow to a railroad in- terest. We know they are mighty, but Carroll County and we Carroll Countiens [sic] are more mighty than they." The supervisors refused to consider the wounded feelings of the Carrollton property owners, and the county records, furniture, etc., were ordered to be removed to Carroll City at 10 o'clock on the morning of April 28, 1868. Thenceforward Carrollton declined until now it is little more than a reminis- cence. At Carroll the records were deposited and offices opened in a house leased to the county by William Gilley, at $50 per month. John Monroe and John J. McCollum were appointed a committee to assist the clerk in the removal. NEW TOWNSHIPS. In January, 1870, sections 1, 2, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 3 and 10^ township 83, range 34, were taken from Newton and annexed to Carroll Township. In June following the northern of the two townships hitherto included in Union, was set off" and named Richland. The petitioners were Stephen D. Culbertson, Oliver Horton, William L. Culbertson, Aaron Livingston, Curtis Dnrlan, John A. Wood, Charles H. Lee, George Conner, Perry Knight, D. G. Stevens, L. C. Coryell, P. D. Coryell and J. T. Stevens. At the same session township 85, range 35, and township 85 and range 36, were set off from Sheridan and organized as Kniest Township, Mount Carmel being designated as the voting place. In September, 1870, townships ,83, range 35, and 83, range 36, were set off from Car- roll and Newton and organized as Roselle Township. The petitioners were: Barlow Kelsey, Ben. A. Clarke, Sam. Todd, Joseph James, Sr., C. Hussey, Joseph Buckhart, J. A. Coppedge, L. E. Coppedge and L. Todd. Arcadia was set off in 1871, the petitioners 652 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. ' a ( Fit being Joseph H. Vieno, C. Johnson, R. H. Winter, Thomas F. Douglass, James Hanna, Francis Hanna, Isaac N. Voris, L. J. Lamson, C. E. Palmer, J. H. Hubbard, D. J. McDou- gall, J. W. Bishop and W. E. Kennedy. Arcadia is township 84, range 36, and was 1 previously a part of Carroll Township. Leech Township, afterward changed to Eden, was set off from Newton in 1871, and then included what is now Warren in addi- tion to the present township of Eden, town- ship 82, range 35, and township 82, range 36. The petitioners were: E. P. Marsh, A. G. Leech, George R. Bennett, Thomas C. Wolfe, C. Emmons, E. J. Emmons, J. W. Hart, B. L. Hart, Orrin Jerome, Henry Bosworth, A. Miskimins, George W. Lewis, David Zebrung, Herbert A. Bennett, G. S. Hart, O. D. Hart, Stephen D. Smith, H. T. Altby, S. P. Hart, Z. E. Atteberry and J. L. Atteberry. Wheatland, township 85, range 36, was set off from Kniest in May, 1872. It occupies the northwestern corner of Carroll County. The petitioners were: William Arts, C. Bru- ning, Charles E. Florenconrt, F. F. Floren- court, H. M. Kreins, Frank Hoogestraat, Rudolph Parmenborg, Frank Wegmann, Ber- nard Wegmann, Henry Emenback, John Stork and Fred Reirnond. Grant, township 84, range 34, except sec- tions 18, 19 and 30, was set off from Carroll in May, 1872. The petitioners were: Isaac Mohler, S. M. Moore, N. D. Thurman, Daniel Harrison, Jesse Marity, John Tabon, William Harrison, Henry Conboy, John Mehrongs, Herman Hesslingh, William Becker, John Daiker, Jeidel Glocheisen, Mens H. Memjen and Van Tuttle. Washington, township 83, range 36, was set off from Roselle in September, 1872. The petitioners were: Ira M. Lewis, L. G. Hopkins, M. L. Hopkins, W. H. Ferrin, S. Priest, S. T. Boynton, W. F. Steigerwalt, William I. Hilles and E. Hilles. Pleasant Valley, township 83, range 34, was set off in 1873, but no petition is on file. Warren, the youngest of the sixteen town- ships, was set off from Eden in 1875. It is township 82, range 36. FIRST COURT. The first district court was held November 23, 1858, by Hon. M. F. Moore, district judge. The first grand jury were: Cornelius Higgins, Benjamin Teller, Matthew Borders, Lafayette McCurdy, Crockett Ribble, Robert Morris, William Short, Robert Dickinson, Elijah Puckett, Cyrus Rhoades, James Colclo, David Scott, David Frazier, Samuel Lyon and Amos Bason. James Colclo was appointed foreman. First case on docket was Nehe- miah Powers and John Watson vs. Cornelius Higgins. Noah Titus was the first person licensed to practice law in the county. EARLY RECORDS. The first marriage license was granted September 16, 1855, to Joseph Ford and Sarah Ochempaugh. They were married September 23, 1856, by A. J. Cain, county judge. First estate administered upon was Wesley H. Blizzard May 3, 1858. First administrator appointed was James H. Colclo. The first deed was made by Thomas Ford to Nancy Ford, for the east half of section 17, township 85, range 33, September 3, 1855, and acknowledged by A. J. Cain, county judge. INDIANS. Many Indians lingered in this region, or visited it annually, for some years after settle- ment began. There was some complaint of thieving, but as the Indians had learned the power of the whites in war, they were prudent, ifii ;a»l» m B M m^M» I M M «»M»»-"^ «.-«-»«"».M-".B«« ™.."^"m"-"»"»M M M M a M IB,M M W - M m BII B BI MlMM »«,> 1 *mi, m m' m m*"m' m m i a ^a m ,m mi mt m m ^m^m m m t m m m iM m m m m m m. fffl ^^ ™* ^T .^B. ■«. ■■«■ SS™is~»l> EARLY AND CIVIL SI8T0BT. 653 and very few settlers had any trouble with them. The old Indian trail known as the War Path, or the dividing line between the Sioux and Pottawattamie Indian's hunting grounds, runs through townships 82, 83, 84 and 85, range 36, in this county. It is plainly visi- ble, and is as straight as an arrow. It was a death penalty for an Indian of one tribe to cross the path and be found hunting on the lands of the other. An early settler relates that an old Indian chief told him there was once a terrible Indian battle fought near Crescent Lake, about one mile south of Carroll Center, between Sioux and Pottawattamie Indians. There had been a feud for a long time exist- ing between the two tribes in regard to the infringement of the law in relation to the hunting grounds by disloyal Indians. The Sioux determined to exterminate the Potta- wattamies. A large party of the latter were encamped near Crescent Lake, in the grove of timber. One morning a powerful party of the Sioux attacked them, and a terrible and bloody battle ensued, resulting in the death of all the Sioux warriors, and all but three of the Pottawattamies. The remains of the dead warriors were left to be eaten by the wolves, or rot, and their bones to bleach on the prairie, until the annual prairie fires consumed them. GAME, ETC. When the first settlers came, deer, elk and antelope were not plentiful, the Indians hav- ing hunted them down and thinned their numbers. Still, venison could be had with- out much trouble, and deer became annually more plentiful for several years. Antelopes were occasionally seen, but soon disappeared. Wild turkeys and prairie chickens were abundant, and it was not difficult to bag several of either kind of birds in a couple of hours; but the pioneer hunters preferred to hunt for deer, and when in search for this game would not condescend to shoot at a turkey. As a pioneer quaintly expresses it, " When they went deer-hunting they didn't go turkey-hunting." Bears and panthers were almost unknown. Wildcats were numerous in the timber, but were not to be feared, except in a close encounter. The most troublesome and alto- gether vicious enemies of the pioneers were the wolves. These pests would not only howl around the lonely cabin all night, but were always ravenous and ready to pounce upon any unguarded calf, pig, sheep or chicken that they could get at, and the settlers were obliged to build pens against their cabins in which to keep their small stock. Chickens were frequently taken into the house in order to preserve them from the attacks of wolves, polecats and weasels. Prairie rattlesnakes were very numerous for many years after the county was settled. Gophers were very troublesome to farmers, too. The county established bounties on wolf scalps, gophers and other enemies of civilized living. CLAIMS AND FIRST IMPROVEMENTS. Future generations will inquire, not only how this country appeared before the hand of civilized man had marred its virgin beauty, but how the first comers managed to live, to protect themselves from the elements, and to procure the means of subsistence; how they met the varied requirements of civilization to which they had been accustomed, and with what resignation they dispensed with such as could not be had. If correctly told, it would be a tale of intense interest; but it would require a master-hand to draw a picture that would HISTORY OF OARROLL COUNTY. It show the scene in all its details — personal experience alone could only unfold the tale. When a new coiner arrived he first selected a location where he could make his future home, and the question naturally arises, of whom did he get permission to occupy it? The answer might be given in the language usually used when defining political or civil rights — every one was free to do as he pleased so he did not interfere with his neighbor. "When the Government had extinguished the Indian title the land was subject to settle- ment either before or after survey. The settler had no paper title, but simply the right of possession, which he got by moving on to and occupying it; this gave him the right to hold it against all others till some one came with a better title, which better title could only be got by purchasing the fee of the Government when surveyed and brought into market. The right of posses- sion thus obtained constituted what was called a claim. These were regarded as valid titles by the settlers, and were often sold, in some instances for large amounts. Pre-emption laws were passed at different times by Con- gress, to claimants who had made certain specified improvements the exclusive right to purchase the premises at the mini- mum price of $1.25 per acre, provided they would prove their pre-emption. When the settler had selected his location or made his claim, his first attention was directed to procuring a shelter for himself and family. If in the vicinity of others already provided, he was readily welcomed to share their scanty accommodations, two, and frequently three families, together occupying a cabin with one room, perhaps 12 x 14, more or less. But if far removed from neighbors, he had to occupy his covered wagon in which he came, sleeping in or under it, and cooking and eating in the open air, or some other rude contrivance, frequently a tent made of blankets, till a shelter could be provided. This was usually a log cabin, for the raising of which help was needed. When help was not available, his cabin must be built of such logs or poles as, with the aid of his family, could be handled. In raising a log cabin considerable skill is required. What were termed corner hands — one at each corner, or where hands were scarce, one for two corners — should have some experience. The bottom log must be saddled or cut to a sloping edge or angle to receive the cross log, which must be notched to fit the saddle. A failure, requiring the log to be removed to be refitted, was sure to bring some pleasant raillery on the culprit. If well done a door or window can be cut, and the parts of the logs will remain firm in their place, but if not a perfect fit, when a space is cut for the door, the accumulated weight from above will bring the logs to a fit at the corner, and throw the ends at the cutting wide from their place. When the walls were completed, or about ten feet high, the gables were carried up by laying on logs, each shortened in suc- cession to give the proper slope for the roof, and held by straight logs, or large poles, placed about three feet from, and parallel with, the plate, r.ising upward to receive the shingles, resting on and holding the short logs at the gables, and terminating with a ridge pole at the center of the building and top of the roof. On these were placed long shingles or clapboards four feet -long, laid double so the top course broke joints with the first, on which was laid another log or pole held by a pin at each end; this pole held the shingles in place without nailing, and each succeeding course was laid and fastened in the same way. The floor was made of split logs hewn on the split side, and spotted on to the sleepers on the round side so as to make a tolerable floor; these were called puncheons. The chimney was built outside of the building at one end and a hole cut through the logs for a fireplace. It was made of tim- ber, lined with stone or clay for four or five feet, and then with a crib of stieks plastered inside with clay mortar. The spaces between the logs were filled with pieces of split tim- ber, called chinking, and plastered inside and out with clay mortar, making a warm and quite comfortable house; but snow and rain, when falling with a high wind, would get in- side through the clapboard roof — and where leisure and means justified, a roof of boards and short shingles was substituted. A one-post bedstead was made as follows: Bore a hole in a log four feet from the corner of the room, and insert a rail six feet long; then bore a hole in the log on the other side of the room six feet from the same corner, and insert a piece of rail four feet long; then insert the opposite ends of these rails where they meet in a post, which com- pletes the frame; then lay slats crosswise from the side on to the log opposite, or on to a rail pinned on the log at the proper height, and the one-post bedstead is complete, on which the weary pioneer slept as sweetly as on the most costly one. These rough buildings were quite comfortable, and, as most of the old settlers will testify, wit- nessed much of real enjoyment. Some of our greatest men were born and reared in such a dwelling. A shelter provided, the next thing was to prepare to raise whereon to sub- sist. The prairie region offered advantages for an occupant far superior to a timbered coun- try; in the latter an immense amount of labor had to be done to remove the timber, and for years after the stumps prevented free cultivation; while on the prairie the sod only had to be turned, and the crop put in. At an early day the sod was turned by an ox team of six to ten yoke, with a plow that cut a furrow from two to three feet wide. The plow beam, which was from eight to twelve feet long, was framed into an axle, on each end of which was a wheel sawed from an oak log; this held the plow upright. It was a heavy, unwieldy-looking apparatus, but did good work, and the broad black furrow, as it rolled from the plow, was a sight worth see- ing. The nice adjustment and filling of the coulter and broad share required a practiced hand, as a slight deviation in the tip of the share, or even filing the coulter, would throw the plow on a twist and require a strong man to hold it in place, but if nicely done the plow would run a long distance without support. This is the primitive plow, but Yankee in- genuity soon found that a smaller plow and less team did cheaper and better work. It was found that the 'best time to break the sod was when the grass was rapidly growing, as it would then decay quickly, and the soil soon be mellow and kind; but if broken too early or too late in the season it would re- quire two or three years to become as mellow as it would be in three months when broken at the right time. Very shallow plowing re- quired less teamj and would mellow much sooner than deep breaking. The first crop was mostly corn, planted by cutting a gash with an ax into the inverted sod, dropping the corn and closing it by an- other blow along side the first. Or it was dropped in every third furrow and the fur- row turned on; if the corn was so placed as to find the space between the furrows it would find daylight, if not it was doubtful. Corn so planted would, as cultivation was impossible, produce a partial crop, sometimes a full one. Prairie sod turned in June would be in condition to sow with wheat in Septem- ber, or to pnt in with corn or oats the spring following. Yines of all kinds grew well on the fresh-turned sod, melons especially, though the wolves usually took their full share of these. After the first crop the soil was kind, and produced any crop suited to the climate. But when his crops were growing the settler was not relieved from toil. His chickens must have shelter; closed at night to protect them from the owls and wolves; his pigs re- quired equal protection; and although his cows and oxen roamed on the wide prairie in a profusion of the richest pasture, still a yard must be made for his cows at night and his calves by day. The cows were turned in with the calves for a short time at night, and then the calves turned on the prairie to feed during the night; in the morn- ing the calves were turned in and the cows were turned out for their day's pasture; this was necessary to induce the cows to come up at night, for if the calves were weaned the cows would fail to come. And the stock all needed some protection from the fierce win- try blast, though sometimes they got but little. Add to this the fencing of the farm, the out-buildings, hunting the oxen and cows on the limitless prairies through the heavy dews of late evening and early morning, go- ing long distances to market and to mill, aid- ing a new-comer to build his cabin, fighting the prairie fires which swept over the coun- try yearly, and with his family encountering that pest of a new country, the fever and ague, and other malarious diseases, and the toil and endurance of a settler in a new country may be partially, but not fully ap- preciated. A visitor from the Eastern States has often taunted the toiling pioneers with such remarks as these: "Why do you stack out your hay and grain ? " i'Why don't you have barns, comfortable houses, stables for your cattle and other conveniences as we have?" He should have been answered, " You are enjoying the fruits of the labor of genera- tions of your ancestors, while we have to cre- ate all we have. We have made necessarily rude and cheap shelters for ourselves and ani- mals, have fenced our farms, dug our wells, have to make our roads, bridge our streams, build our school-houses, churches, court- houses and jails, and when one improvement is complete, another want stares us in the face." All this taxed the energies of the new settler to the extent of human endurance, and many fell by the way, unable to meet the demands upon their energies. The only wonder is that so much has been accomplished ; that so many comforts, conveniences and luxuries have crowned the efforts of our people; that we have reached a point for which a century of effort might well have been allowed. Political and finan- cial theorists have tauntingly told the farm- ers of Iowa that they knew nothing of finance, except what wiser heads have told them; that they have made nothing by farm- ing, and would be poor except for the ad- vance in price of their farms. These Solons should be told that it is the toil of those farmers that has made their farms increase in price; their toil has clothed them with valuable improvements, planted orchards and fruit gardens, made roads and bridges, converted a wilderness into a land of beauty, and made it the happy abode of in- telligent men. All this had to be done to make these farms advance in price, and those who have done this, and raised and educated their families, have done well; and if the advance in the price of their farms has given them a competence, it is what they antici- pated, and nothing but the most persevering L SBSgBHBgaHa ggggHggHBBHSggSgSBigBHSHBEeBEgB! industry and frugality would have accom- plished it. In addition to the labor and multitude of cares that beset the new comer, he had it all to accomplish under disadvantages, and to encounter dangers that of themselves were sufficient to discourage men not of stern re- solve. Traveling unworked roads, and cross- ing streams without bridges, was often a perilous adventure. Crossing the wide prairie at night, with not even the wind or stars for guides, was a very uncertain adventure, and often the way- farer traveled till exhausted, and encamped till the morning light should guide him on his way. In warm weather, although an un- pleasant exposure, this was not a dangerous one; and although the sensation of being lost is more irksome, and the lonely silence in the middle of a prairie, broken only by the howl of the wolves, is more unpleasant than one inexperienced would imagine, and the gnawing of a stomach innocent of supper adds much to the discomfort, it all passes with the night, and a brighter view and hap- pier feelings dawn with the breaking morn. But crossing the trackless prairie when covered with a dreary expanse of snow, with the fierce, unbroken wintry blasts sweeping over its glistening surface, penetrating to the very marrow, was sometimes a fearful and dangerous experience. No condition could inspire a more perfect idea of lonely desola- tion, of entire discomfort, of helplessness, and of dismal forebodings, than to find one's self lost on the snow-covered prairie, with no object in sight in any direction but the cold, undulating snow wreaths, and a dark and tempestuous winter night fast closing around his chilled and exhausted frame. His saga- cious horse, by spasmodic efforts and contin- uous neighing, shows that, with his master, he appreciates the danger and shares his fear- ful anticipations. With what longing the lost one reflects on the cozy fireside of his warm cabin, surrounded by his loved ones, which he fears he may never see; and when the dark shadow of night has closed around and shut in the landscape, and chance alone can bring relief, a joyous neigh and powerful spring from his noble horse calls his eye in the direction he has taken ; he sees over the bleak expanse a faint light in the distance, toward which his horse is bounding with accelerated speed, equally with his master cheered and exhilarated by the beacon light which the hand of affection has placed at the window to lead the lost one to his home. Nearly every early settler can remember such an ex- perience, while some never reached the home they sought, but, chilled to a painless slum- ber, they found the sleep that knows no waking. Crossing the uncultivated prairie in a cloudy night, or in a snowy or foggy day, was very liable to have an uncertain come- out. In a clear night the stars were a very reliable guide, and like the Eastern magi on the plains of Syria, the settlers came to have a close acquaintance with the constellations. A steady wind was a very reliable guide; the traveler would get his bearing, then notice how the wind struck his nose, right or left ear, etc., and then keep that same sensation, regardless of any other guide, and he would generally come out right. But if the wind changed, of course he went with it. "With- out these guides, it was a mere accident if a person succeeded in a still atmosphere, in a cloudy night, or snowy or foggy day, in cross- ing a prairie of any extent. There is always a tendency to go in a circle; the world moves in a circle: planets and suns, comets and me- teors all move in circles. Blindfold a person, place him in a large hall, let him be a novice, uncautioned, and in a majority of cases he 038 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. ,/«fvm/«ii | will go several times around the hall before he hits the side. The writer, with an ox team, in a dark evening started to go about three-fourths of a mile to strike a point of timber, but failing to do so, kept traveling till late in the evening, when accidentally the timber was found, and followed to the desired point. The next morning developed the fact that the ox team had traveled three times around about a quarter section, follow- ing very nearly the same track each time. PBAIRIE FIEES. The yearly burning of the heavy annual growth of grass on the prairie, which had occurred from time immemorial, either from natural causes or from being set by human hands, was continued after the white settlers came in, and was a source of much annoyance, apprehension, and frequently of severe loss. From the time the grass would burn, which was soon after the first frost, usually about the first of October, till the surrounding prairie was all burnt over, or if not all burnt, till the green grass in the spring had grown sufficiently to prevent the rapid progress of the fire, the early settlers were continually on the watch, and as they usually expressed the idea, " slept with one eye open." "When the ground was covered with snow, or during rainy weather, the apprehension was quieted, and both eyes could be safely closed. A statute law forbade setting the prairie on fire, and one doing so was subject to a penalty, and liable in an action of trespass for the damage accruing. But convictions were seldom effected, as the proof was difficult, though the fire was often set. Fires set on the leeward side of an improve- ment, while very dangerous to the improve- ments to the leeward, were not so to the windward, as fire progressing against the wind is easily extinguished. Imagine the feelings of the man who, alone in a strange land, has made a comforta- ble home for his family; has raised and stored his corn, wheat and oats, and fodder for stock, and has his premises surrounded by a sea of standing grass, dry as tinder, stretching away for miles in every direction, over which the wild prairie wind howls a dismal requiem, and knowing that a spark or match applied in all that distance will send a sea of fire whei"ever the wind may waft it; and conscious of the fact that, there are men who would embrace the first opportunity to send the fire from outside their own fields, regardless as to whom it might consume, only so it protected their own. Various means were resorted to for protec- tion; a common one was to plow with a prairie plow several furrows around a strip several rods wide, outside the improvements, and then burn out the strip; or wait till the prairie was on fire and then set fire outside, reserving the strip for a late burn, that is, till the following summer, and in July burn both old grass and new. The grass would start immediately, and the cattle would feed it close in preference to the older grass, so that the fire would not pass over in the following autumn. This process repeated would soon, or in a few years, run out the prairie grass, and in time it would become stocked with blue grass, which will never burn to any extent. But all this took time and labor, and the crowd of business on the hands of a new settler, of which a novice has no concep- tion, would prevent him doing what would now seem a small matter; and all such effort was often futile; a prairie fire driven by a high wind would often leap all such barriers and seem to put human effort at defiance. A prairie fire when first started goes straight forward with a velocity proportioned to the force of the wind, widening as it goes, bu^ EARLY AND CIVIL HISTORY. G39 the center keeping ahead ; it spreads sideways, but burning laterally, it burns comparatively slow, and if the wind is moderate and steady, is not difficult to manage, but if the wind veers a point or two, first one way and then the other, it sends the side fire beyond con- trol. The head fire in dry grass and a high wind is fearful, and pretty sure to have its own way unless there is some defensible point from which to meet it. A contest with such a fire requires an engineering skill and tact which can be learned only by experi- ence, and a neighborhood of settlers called out by such an exigency at once put them- selves under the direction of the oldest and most experienced of the number, and go to work with the alacrity and energy of men defending their homes and property from destruction. The usual way of meeting an advancing fire is to begin the defense where the head of the fire will strike, which is known by the smoke and ashes brought by the wind long in advance of the fire. A road, cattle path or furrow is of great value at such a place; if there is none such, a strip of the grass can be wet, if water can be procured, which is generally scarce at the time of the annual fires. On the outside, or side next the com- ing fire, of such road or path, the grass is set on fire, and it burns slowly against the wind till it meets the coming conflagration, which stops, of course, for want of fuel, provided there has been sufficient time to burn a strip that will not be leaped by the head fire as it comes in. This is called back-firing; great care is necessary to prevent the fire getting over the furrow, path, or whatever is used as a base of operations. If it gets over and once under way, there is no remedy but to fall back to a more defensible position, if such a one exists. If the head of the fire is successfully checked, then the forces are divided, half going to the right, and half to the left, and the back-firing continued, to meet the side fires as they come up; this must be continued till the fire is checked along the entire front of the premises endan- gered, and the sides secured. Various implements were used to put out a side or back fire, or even the head of a fire in a moderate wind. A fence board, about four to six feet long, with one end shaved down for a handle, is very effective, if struck flat upon the narrow strip of fire. A bundle of hazel-brush does very well, and a spade or shovel is often used. The women often lent their aid, in cases of danger; their weapon was usually the kitchen mop, which, when thoroughly wet, was very effective, especially in extinguishing a fence on fire. When the fire overcame all opposition, and seemed bound to sweep over the settlement, a fear of personal loss would paralyze, for the mo- ment, every faculty, and as soon as that fact seemed imminent, united effort ceased, and each one hastened to defend his own as best he could. It is due to historical truth to say that the actual losses were much less than might have been expected, though fre- quently quite severe. The physical efforts made in extinguishing a dangerous fire, and in protecting one's home from the devouring element, was very often severe, and even dangerous, and the author has known of more than one instance where it resulted fatally. The premises about the residences and yards being tramped by the family and do- mestic animals, after a year or two became tolerably safe from fire, but the fences, corn and stubble fields were frequently burnt over. When the prairie was all fenced and under cultivation, so that prairie fires were among the things of the past, the denizens of the prairie were happily released from the S> L 660 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. 1 V constant fear and apprehension which for years had rested like a nightmare on their quiet and happiness, disturbing their sleep by night, and causing anxiety by day, espe- cially when called from home, knowing that on their return they might look on a black- ened scene of desolation, instead of the pleas- ant home they left. And when retarning after a day's absence, the sight of a fire in the direction of home, although it might prove to be several miles beyond, would try the mettle of the" team, by putting them to a speed proportioned to the anxiety of the driver. And here it may be well to throw a little cold water over the thrilling and fear- ful stories, got up to adorn a tale, of hair- breadth escapes of travelers and settlers from prairie fires; such stories are not told by the old settlers who know whereof they speak. It is true a family might encamp in the middle of a dense growth of dry grass, and let a fire sweep over their camp, to their serious injury. But with ordinary intelli- gence and caution, a traveler on the prairie need have no fear of a fatal catastrophe, or even of any serious danger. If the head of a fire is approaching, it is usually an easy matter to get to one side of it, and when it has passed, pass over the side fire on to the burnt prairie, which can easily be done by getting on to a spot of dry, rolling prairie, where the grass is seldom more than eight to twelve inches high. Or, if the head fire is too wide, and its speed too great to allow getting around it, then at once set a fire to leeward, and when it has burnt a short dis- tance, put out the fire on the windward side of the place of setting, and pass on to the burnt prairie and follow the fire till far enough from the dry grass to be out of dan- ger. There are places on low, moist prairie bottoms, or sloughs, where the grass and weeds were much heavier than on dryer land, and their burning was terrific and dangerous; but these places could be avoided, as an ap- proaching fire could be seen a long distance, giving time to prepare for its coming. The early settlers will ever have a vivid recollec- tion of the grand illuminations nightly ex- hibited in dry weather, from early fall to late spring, by numberless prairie fires. The whole horizon would be lighted up around its entire circuit. A heavy fire, six or seven miles away, would afford sufficient light on a dark night to enable one to, read fine print. When a fire had passed through the prairie, leaving the long lines of side fires, like two armies facing each other, the sight at night was grand; and if one's premises were se- curely protected, he could enjoy such a fire exhibition hugely, free of cost; but if his property was exposed, his enjoyment of the scene was like a very nervous person's ap- preciation of the grand and majestic roll of thunder— the sublimity of the scene lost in the apprehension of danger. Jl ■BggBBgBgfigggB B SgMigggMgfigBgfiSagBgBa f m m m m m ^m^^MM « r^^' m ^ m ' a ^ m ' m 'm'mm m m a m m m n m m u„ m m m w m r iim^i ii m !ii m ii i „m„ m ^ m ^ m ^ POLITICAL AND OFFICIAL. 661 ■^- o ■» o o-o ^ i BOLICTIGAL • OFFICIAL. jp.-r ■I 5^ 'T was during the ad- ministration of Presi- dent Pierce that the first settlers moved into what is now Car- roll County, and or- ganized it, with twenty-eight votes. The Democratic party- was in control at "Washington, and it owned this county, too, what there was of it, for eight or nine years. Party lines were drawn tolerably close from the beginning. The Democratic ma- jority, though small, was reliable, and all the county officers were Democrats. In 1864 the Republicans carried the election, and then for twelve or thirteen years the Republicans had things their own way. The election returns are preserved from 1866 down. In that year the total vote cast was 127, and the Republican majority 45. The only Democrat who carried the county that year was "William H. Price, for clerk. In 1867 a full State and local ticket was in the field, and 159 votes were drawn out. The Republican majority for Governor was 67, and most of the county officers ran ahead. In 1868 the Presidential candidates were General U. S. Grant and New York's veteran Governor, Horatio Seymour. More than 250 votes were polled in Carroll County, of which the Republicans were 74 more numerous than the Democratic. Both the total vote and the Republican majority increased in 1869, owing to immigration. The Democrats did not nominate a full ticket. In 1870 the total vote was 471; Republican majority, 81. Most of the majorities on the county ticket fell below that figure. In 1871 the Repub- licans gained, polling 328 for Governor Car- penter, to 196 for Joseph C. Knapp. The Democrats elected William H. Price county treasurer by 17 votes, but the other Repub- lican candidates were successful by from 40 to 263 votes. The year 1872 brought with it another Presidential campaign. Grant was renomi- nated by the Republican party, while a body calling themselves Liberal Republicans placed in the field the veteran journalist and philan- thropist, Horace Greeley. The Democracy made no nomination, but endorsed Greeley. Many were dissatisfied, and of these some remained at home, while others voted for Charles O'Conor. The vote in Carroll County was: Grant, 410; Greeley, 116; O'Conor, 66; Grant's plurality, 294. This was the HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. S> L most successful year the Republicans have had in Carroll County, their relative strength having steadily diminished, with few varia- tions, ever since. The majority for clerk was 133; for recorder, 174. In 1873 the Repub- lican majority for Governor was 111; for county officers much less, running as low as 21 for auditor. The Anti-Monopoly or "Granger" element was now for two or three years felt in politics, and then the Greenback party came on the field, both these diversions operating to the advantage of the Democrats. In 1874 the Republican majority for Secre- tary of State was but 73; for county officers it was more. In 1875 Governor Kirkwood's majority was only 36 in this county. The Republican county ticket went through by good majorities. R. B. Hayes (Republican), Samuel J. Til- den (Democrat) and Peter Cooper (Green- back) were the Presidential candidates in 1876. The Greenback party was never nearly so strong in this county as in most others in Iowa, and in 1876 it had not even a footing here. Hayes' majority over Tilden was but 28, in a total vote of 1,570. On the remainder of the ticket the Republican ma- jority was considerably larger. In 1877, for the first time, the Greenback party took the field in Carroll County, nominating a full ticket. The head of their ticket received 141 votes. The Democratic plurality for Gov- ernor in this county was 111. The honors were evenly divided in local affairs. In 1878 the Democratic majority on State tieket averaged 150, but the Republicans were somewhat ahead on the county officers. The result in 1879 was about the same. In the year 1880 James A. Garfield, Win- field S. Hancock and James B. "Weaver were the standard-bearers of the three parties. The vote in this county was: Garfield, 1,189; Hancock, 1,169; Weaver, 104; Garfield's plurality, 20. The whole Republican ticket in this county was successful. The following year Governor Sherman received a plurality of 43 in Carroll County, but the Democratic county ticket came out ahead. In 1882 the Democrats carried the county by 283 plural- ity. The Republicans elected their clerk. The next year showed a further gain of 200 or more votes for the Democracy, and the Democratic county ticket received heavy majorities. At the general election of 1884, which is yet fresh in the memories of all, Grover Cleveland and James G. Blaine represented the two leading parties. In Carroll County Cleveland received the handsome majority ot 574, and the county ticket of the Democrats was even more successful. In 1885 the Democrats polled 408, the most -votes for Governor, but lost the county offices, except auditor and treasurer, and on the latter of these there was no contest. At the recent election of 1886 the Democratic majority for Secretary of State was 635. The Prohibition vote has been an insig- nificant element in Carroll County politics. Elections have been as a rule orderly, and accompanied by little excitement. The Democratic townships are Sheridan, Kniest, Wheatland, Arcadia, Carroll, Grant, Pleasant Yalley, Roselle, Washington and Eden. The Republicans can count on Jasper, Glidden, Union. Richland, Warren, Newton and OFFICIAL REGISTER. Below are given the names of the incum- bents of the several county offices with years of service. COUNTY JUDGES. A. J. Cain, 1855-'56; L. McCurdy, 1857; Thomas T. Morris, 1857-'59; William Shri- w BgjgMagBgggaBaSMgBagagagMgMHBigBgH^ ■■■■"■^■■■■■■■■■■■■»b» m°»' aaiiJBMBiiBUMMii^mi BMgaBBJaJaMnMBiiBMB m m m^ m m im m m m m m m~ POLITICAL AND OFFICIAL. 663 ner, 1860; William H. Price, 1861-'67; Thomas Elwood, 1868-'69. Office abolished. CLEEKS OF COURTS. Levi Thompson, 1855-'56; Robert Haney, 1856; AmosBasom, 1857-'58; Noah Titus, 1858; John Monroe, 1859-'60; T. B. Al- drich, 1861-'62; William Gilley, 1863-'66; William H. Price, 1867-'68; John K. Deal, 1869-'72; E. M. Betzer, 1873-'74; William Lynch, 1875-'84; James N. Powers, 1885. TREASURERS AND EECOEDEES. James White, 1855-'56; Amos Basom, 1857; H. L. Youtz, 1857-'59; L. McCurdy, 1860-'61; Crockett Eibble, 1862-'64. Of- fices separated at end of 1864. TEEASUEEES. Crockett Eibble, 1865; L. McCurdy, 1866- '67; William Gilley, 1868-'70; Orlando H. Manning, 1870; William H. Price, 1870-'73; W. L. Culbertson, 1874-'75; P. M. Gtothrie, 1876-'79; William Arts, 1880-'81; W. R. Ruggles, 1882-'85; Peter Berger, 1885. EECOEDEES. H. L. Youtz, 1865; J. B. Hampton, 1865- 66; Thomas Elwood, 1867-'68; A. Young, 1869-'70; H. E. Eussell, 1871-'76; J. L. Messersmith, 1877-'82; John P. Hess, 1883- '86; J. H. Bruning, 1887. AUDITORS. William H. Price, 1870-'71; W. L. Cul- bertson, 1872-'73; W. O. Sturgeon, 1874-'75 ; E. M. Betzer, 1876-'77; H. E. Eussell, 1878- '83; F. M. Leibfried, 1884. SHEEIFFS. J. Y. Anderson, 1855-'57; Parker T. Puntenney, 1858-'59; William Gilley, 1860- '61; George Hunter, 1862-'63; S.A.Davis, 1864-'67; James H. Colclo, 1868-'69; A. L. Kidder, 1870; George W. Hunter, 1870; P. H. Hankins, 1870-'71; H. C. Stevens, 1872-'75; Louis Bechler, 1876-'80; John Silbaugh, 1881; E.J. Hamilton, 1882-'85; Sam. Todd, 1886. PROSECUTING ATTORNEY. L. McCurdy, 1855-'57. Office abolished. COUNTY ATTORNEY. J. C. Engelman, 1887. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. William H. Price, 1858-'61; L. McCurdy, 1862-'63; T. B. Aldrich, 1864; William H. Price, 1865; Charles T. Mulloy, 1866-'67; John K. Deal, 1868-'69; M. W. Beach, 1870-'71; I. A. Beers, 1872-'73; W. F. Steigerwalt, 1874-'77; H. W. Bean, 1878- '79; G. W. Wattles, 1880-'81; C. C. Colclo, 1882-'85; H. J. Gable, 1886. SUEVEYOES. Eobert Floyd, 1855-'57; Eobert Hill, 1858-'67; J. F. H. Sugg, 1868-'69; William H. H. Bowers, 1870-'71; William S. Win- nett, 1872-'73; L. C. Bailey, 1874-'75; L. McCurdy, 1876-'77; A. Bruch, 1877-'79; L. C. Bailey, 1880-'81; George E. Bennett, 1882; A. Bruch, 1882-'85; W. F. Steiger- walt, 1886. CORONERS. Amos W. Basom, 1864'-65; A. P. Will- son, 1868-'69; D.Wayne, 1870-'77; Peter Smith, 1878-'79; K D. Thurman, 1880-'81; J. B. Feenstra, 1882-'83; L. S. Stoll, 1884- '85; E. E. Williams, 1886. BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. 1861. — Crockett Eibble (chairman) and Jacob Cretsinger. 1862. — Levi Higgins (chairman) and Jacob Cretsinger. 1863. — Jacob Cretsinger (chairman), Levi } S^^^^^" 1 ^!^""""""*"""""""""""""" """""" 664 HISTORY OF OABBOLL COUNTY. Higgins and William Short. Mr. Higgins resigned, and Enos Bntrick was appointed to fill his place. William Carter succeeded Mr. Butrick at the September session. 1864. — Jacob Cretsinger (chairman), Enos Butrick and George Monroe. Jacob Cret- singer resigned during the year, and J. M. Cretsinger was appointed to fill the vacancy. 1865. — John J. McCollum (chairman), Enos Butrick and George Kibble. 1866. — John J. McCollum (chairman), George Kibble and G. H. Shutes. 1867. — John Monroe (chairman), G. H. Shutes and E. B. Smith. 1868. — John Monroe (chairman), E. B. Smith, C. Lester, John J. 'McCollum, Thomas Hirons and George F. Browning. E. B. Smith resigned, and his place was taken in June by Crockett Kibble. 1869. — John Monroe (chairman), John J. McCollum, C. Lester, Thomas Hirons, George F. Browning and J. M. Gilbert. Browning's place was taken during the year by Isaac Gee. 1870. — John Monroe (chairman), J. M. Gilbert, R. F. Wood, Robert Dickson, Levi Higgins and Lambert Kniest. John Mon- roe resigned in June, and was succeeded as member by D. C. Hoagland, as chairman by Lambert Kniest. 1871. — O. J. Soper (chairman), William S. Winnett and Isaac Harris. 1872. — William S. Winnett (chairman), Isaac Harris and W. II. Drew. 1873. — O. J. Soper (chairman), Isaac Har- ris, W. H. Drew, Oliver Horton and Daniel Cooper. 1874. — O. J. Soper (chairman), W. H. Drew, Oliver Horton, Daniel Cooper and J. A. Coppedge. George P. Weatherill suc- ceeded Mr. Coppedge, and was afterward elected chairman, vice O. J. Soper. 1875. — George P. Weatherill (chairman), O. J. Soper, Oliver Horton, D. J. McDougall and R. L. Wolfe. 1876. — D. J. McDougall (chairman), George P. Weatherill, R. L. Wolfe, Daniel Cooper and Peter Berger. 1877.— R. L. Wolfe (chairman), Daniel Cooper, Peter Berger, W. L. Culbertson and D. J. McDougall. 1878. — Oliver Horton (chairman), Daniel Cooper, W. L. Culbertson, Peter Berger and P. J. Koenig. 1879.— W. L. Culbertson (chairman), W. R. Ruggles, Peter Berger, P. J. Koenig and Oliver Horton. 1880. — P. J. Koenig (chairman), Oliver Horton, Peter Berger, W. R. Ruggles and W. A. Overmire. 1881. — W. R. Ruggles (chairman), Peter Berger, W. A. Overmire, James Thompson and George E. Russell. 1882. — James Thompson (chairman), George E. Russell, W. A. Overmire, Thomas Rich and J. Rittenmeier. 1883. — W. A. Overmire (chairman), Thomas Rich, J. Rittenmeier, James E. Thompson and George E. Russell. 1884. — Thomas Rich (chairman), J. Rit- tenmeier, W. A. Overmire, C. H. Westbrook and J. B. Graham. 1885. — W. A. Overmire (chairman), C. H. Westbrook, J. B. Graham, J. Rittenmeier and Thomas Rich. 1886.— C. H. Westbrook (chairman), J. B. Graham, J. Rittenmeier, S. Bowman and Y. Roush. REPRESENTATIVES. N. G. Wyatt, 1856-'57; Cornelius Beal, 1858-'59; J. W. Denison, 1860-'61; George S. Walton, 1862-'63; Addison Oliver, 1864- '65; Azor K. Mills, 1866-'67; Stephen Till- son, 1868-'69; J. D. Miracle, 1870-'71; Fletcher A. Blake, 1872-'73; James 1ST. ■"■—■»«"»»»■■»■■■■■ — ■■■■'■■■■^■■■■^Wi ■'■■■■■' WMf M^WMlMl^lMMM — lMMUMM^I — f « — ■■ POLITICAL AND OFFICIAL. 665 Miller, 1874-'75; Orlando H. Manning, 1876-'79; S. T. Hutchinson, 1880-'81; L. F. Danforth, 1882-'83; Michael Miller, 1884- '85; W. L. Culber'tson, 1886. SENATORS. James D. Test, 1856-'57; W. H. M. Pusey, 1858-'59; John F. Duncombe, 1860-'63; George W. Bassett, 1864-'65; Addison Oliver, 1866-'69; Theodore Hawley, 1870- '71; John J. Eussell, 1872-'75; Samuel D. Nichols, 1876-'77; John J. Eussell, 1878-'85; John K. Deal, 1886. CONGRESSMEN. James Thorington, 1855-57; Timothy Davis, 1857-'59; William Vandever, 1859- '63; Asahel W. Hubbard, 1863-'69; Charles Pomeroy, 1869-'71; Jackson Orr, 1871-'75; Addison Oliver, 1875-'79; 0. C. Carpenter, 1879-'83; A. J. Holmes, 1883. DISTRICTS. Congressional. — Previous to 1863 Iowa had but two members in Congress. Two districts were formed by drawing an imagin- ary line east and west across the State. Carroll County was in the northern, or second, of these districts. From 1863 to 1873 there were six districts, Carroll being in the Sixth. From 1873 to 1883 there were nine, and this county was in the Ninth. There are now eleven, and Carroll County is one of fourteen counties composing the Tenth —Crawford, Carroll, Greene, Boone, Calhoun, Webster, Hamilton, Pocahontas, Humboldt, Palo Alto, Kossuth, Hancock, Emmett and Winnebago. Judicial. — The Sixth District was created in February, 1851, and then included thirty counties. February 9, 1853, the Seventh District was formed by taking nineteen counties, including Carroll, from the Sixth. March 13, 1857, Buncome (now Lyon), Buena Yista, Carroll, Cherokee, Clay, Crawford, Dickinson, Ida, Monona, O'Brien, Osceola, Plymouth, Sac, Sioux and Woodbury counties were made the Twelfth District. The Con- stitution of 1857 went into effect January 1, 1858, and under this Adair, Audubon, Car- roll, Dallas, Greene, Guthrie, Madison, War- ren and Polk counties formed the Fifth District. April 18, 1872, the Thirteenth District was formed of the counties of Audubon, Cass, Carroll, Crawford, Fremont, Greene, Mills, Pottawattamie and Shelby. The judges of the districts including Carroll County have been: Samuel H. Riddle, 1853-'57; Marshall F. Moore, 1857; John H. Gray, 1858-'65 ; Charles C. Nourse, 1865-'66 ; Hugh W. Maxwell, 1866-'72; J. R. Reed, 1873-'83; C. F. Loof borough, 1883-'86. Under the new law which goes into effect January 1, 1887, J. P. Conner and J. H. Macomber will be judges in this district, which is the Sixteenth, and includes six counties — Ida, Sac, Calhoun, Crawford, Car- roll and Greene. Senatorial. — Previous to 1860 Carroll and twenty-two other counties formed the Twelfth District. For the next six years it was one of twenty-four counties in the Forty-fifth, then for two years there were fifteen counties which together were entitled to one Senator. In the session of 1868-'69 twelve counties formed the Forty-sixth District. Then Web- ster, Greene, Carroll, Calhoun, Sac, Hum- boldt, Pocahontas, Buena Yista, Palo Alto, Clay, Emmett and Dickinson counties were made the Forty-seventh District. In 1872- '73 the Forty-ninth District included only the counties of Dallas, Guthrie, Audubon, Carroll and Greene. For the next four years Shelby and Crawford counties took the place of Dallas, and then from 1878 to 1883 Web- ster, Greene, Calhoun and Carroll counties HISTOBY OF CARROLL COUNTY. formed the Forty-eighth District. Beginning with January 1, 1884, Webster was omitted from the district, and at present Sac has taken the place of Calhoun, so that the dis- trict now comprises Greene, Sac and Carroll counties. Representative. — In 1856-'57 there were in the Sixteenth Representative District twenty-two counties, Carroll being one. In 1858— '59 the same district was composed of only Boone, Greene, Carroll and Audubon counties. At the next General Assembly Carroll was joined with Crawford, Monona and Greene, as the Forty -fifth District; in 1862-'63 with Sac, Calhoun and Greene, as the Sixtieth; in 1864-'65, with Crawford, Monona and Sac, as the Sixty-second. In the next period of two years Carroll County was put in the Sixty-fourth District with Cal- houn, Greene and Audubon counties. Mo- nona, Crawford and Carroll formed the Sixty-third District in 1868-69, and in 1870-'71 the Sixty-ninth District was com- posed of the same counties, with the addition of Ida. In 1872-'73 Carroll, Sac, Buena Vista and Cherokee were joined together as the Sixty-eighth. In 1874-'77 Greene, Car- roll, Calhoun and Sac counties were known as the Forty-second District, and in 1878- '83 the same counties, except Sac, were num- bered the Seventy-third District. Since 1883 the county has had sufficient population to be entitled to a Representative by itself. NAMES OF THE TOWNSHIPS. The occasion of the choice of Jasper and Newton as the names of the first two town- ships is not known. They were so named by Judge Cain, the first county judge. Carroll was named for the county. Union was or- ganized in 1863, during the great civil war, and expressed in its name the loyal sentiment of the citizens. Glidden was named for the town, and the latter was named by the rail- road company. Sheridan was named in honor of General Philip H. Sheridan, who many years ago was accustomed to visit these prai- ries, with some chosen companions, and hunt prairie chickens. Grant was named for Gen- eral and President Grant; Washington, of course, for the first President, and "Warren for General Joseph Warren, of Revolutionary times. Wheatland, Richland, Pleasant Val- ley and Eden are names of obvious signifi- cance. Roselle is a German name. Arcadia was a province or State in ancient Greece, and is frequently used in the sense of a free and wooded country. Kniest is so called in honor of Lambert Kniest, who was a super- visor when the township was formed. .■■,»«■. ™M"l——"'«a— t Mn.»l.»» — ~» JTC»=»SWS» ?| ^■^■m■^^^a^ j jMjggggggggg^ i g i g^ g ^ ^^^ I ' * The Civil War. f ME ^ U ''HE people of the North- ern States have just reason to be proud of the glorious record they made during the dark and bloody days when crimson-handed rebellion threatened the life of the nation . "When war was forced upon the country by rebels in arms against the Government, the people were quietly pursuing the even tenor of their ways, doing whatever their hands found to do— working the mines, making farms or cultivating those already made, erecting homes, building shops, founding cities and towns, building mills and factories — in short, the country was alive with industry and hopes for the future. The people were just recovering from the depression and losses incident to the financial panic of 1857. The future looked bright and promising, and the industrious and patriotic sons and daughters of the free States were buoyant with hope, looking for- ward to the perfecting of new plans for the ensureinent of comfort and competence in their declining years ; they little heeded the mutterings and threatenings of treason's children, in the slave States of the South. True sons and descendants of the heroes of the " times that tried men's souls " — the struggle for American independence — they never dreamed that there was even one so base as to dare attempt the destruction of the Union of their fathers — a Government bap- tized with the best blood the world ever knew. While immediately surrounded with peace and tranquility, they paid but little attention to the rumored plots and^plans of those who lived and grew rich from the sweat and toil, blood and flesh of others — aye, even trafficked in the offspring of their own loins. Nevertheless, the war came, with all its attendant horrors. April 12, 1861, Fort Sumter, at Charles- ton, South Carolina, Major Anderson, U. S. A., Commandant, was fired upon by rebels in arms. Although basest treason, this first act in the bloody reality that followed was looked upon as a mere bravado of a few hot- heads—the act of a few fire-eaters whose sec- tional bias and freedom and hatred was crazed by the excessive indulgence in intoxi- cating potations. When, a day later, the ^SPiBmWJ! 668 HISTOMY OF CARROLL COUNTY. news was borne along the telegraph wires that Major Anderson had been forced to surrender to what had first been regarded as a drunken mob, the patriotic people of the North were startled from their dreams of the future, from undertakings half completed, and made to realize that behind that mob there was a dark, deep and well-organized purpose to destroy the Government, rend the Union in twain, and out of its ruins erect a slave oligarchy^ wherein no one would dare question their right to hold in bondage the sons and daughters of men whose skins were black, or who, perchance, through practices of lustful natures, were half or quarter re- moved from the color that God, for his own purposes, had given them. But they " reck- oned without their host." Their dreams of the future, their plans for the establishment of an independent confederacy, were doomed from their inception to sad and bitter disap- pointment. Immediately upon the surrender of Fort Sumter, Abraham Lincoln, America's martyr President, who, but a few short weeks before, had taken the oath of office as the nation's Chief Executive, issued a proclamation call- ing for 75,000 volunteers for three months. The last word had scarcely been taken from the electric wires before the call was tilled. Men and money were counted out by hun- dreds and thousands. The people who loved their whole Government could not give enough. Patriotism thrilled and vibrated and pulsated through every heart. The farm, the workshop, the office, the pulpit, the bar, the bench, the college, the school-house, every calling offered its best men, their lives, and fortune, in defense of the Government's honor and unity. Party lines were for the time ignored. Bitter words, spoken in mo- ments of political heat, were forgotten and forgiven, and, joining hands in a common cause, they repeated the oath of America's soldier-statesman: "By the great Eternal, the Union must and shall be preserved! " Seventy-five thousand men were not enough to subdue the rebellion. Nor were ten times that number. The war went on, and call followed call, until it began to look as if there would not be men enough in all the free States to crush out and subdue the mon- strous war traitors had inaugurated. But to every call for either men or money, there was a willing and ready response. And it is a boast of the people that, had the supply of men fallen short, there were women brave enough, daring enough, patriotic enough, to have offered themselves as sacrifices on their country's altar. Such were the im- pulses, motives and actions of the patriotic men of the North, among whom the sons of Carro.l County made a conspicuous and praise- worthy record. Of the offerings made by these people during the great and final struggle between freedom and slavery it is the purpose now to write. April 14, A. D. 1861, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, issued the following: PROCLAMATION. " "Whereas, The laws of the United States have been and now are violently opposed in several States, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed in the ordinary way; I therefore call for the militia of the several States of the Union, to the aggregate number of 75,000, to suppress said combinations and execute the laws. I appeal to all loyal citi- zens to facilitate and aid in this effort to maintain the laws and the integrity of the per- petuity of the popular Government, and redress wrongs long enough endured. The first service assigned to the forces, probably, will be to repossess the forts, places and I»=»S»="-i"»" M i«"S"S"S' .■.■.ll.ll.«.».«.l.l.l.l.lil SS SSMSSmMi !a»BiBBaagitgEgassgB THE CIVIL WAR. • 669 property which have been 'seized from the Union. Let the utmost care be taken, con- sistent with the object, to avoid devastation, destruction, interference with the property of peaceful citizens in any part of the country ; and I hereby command persons composing the aforesaid combination to disperse within twenty days from date. " I hereby convene both Houses of Con- gress for the 4th day of July next, to deter- mine upon measures for public safety which the interest of the subject demands. " Abraham Lincoln, " President of the United States, " Wm. H. Seward, " Secretary of State." The gauntlet thrown down by the traitors of the South was accepted — not, however, in the spirit with which insolence meets inso- lence, but with a firm, determined spirit of patriotism and love of country. The duty of the President was plain, under the Constitu- tion and the laws, and above and beyond all, the people, from whom political power is derived, demanded the suppression of the rebellion, and stood ready to sustain the authority of their representatives and execu- tive officers. Carroll County had at this time about 250 inhabitants. Nearly all the men were strug-- gling farmers, illy able to leave their young families to make their own living in this new prairie region, remote from the centers of comfort and wealth and charity and society. Entirely unused to the stern duties of mili- tary service, it would have been small wonder if Carroll County had failed to contribute its quota of volunteers. The enthusiastic loyalty of the North was, however, nowhere more plainly visible than here, and the scattered settlers responded to their duty nobly. The Board of Supervisors, consisting of but two, Crockett Kibble and Jacob Cretsinger, met in June, 1861, and passed the following order: " A petition was numerously signed pray- ing to the supervisors to appropriate the sum of $25, or as much as would be necessary, to purchase a flag, drums and fife ; and the same was granted and the clerk ordered to issue a warrant for the same." In April, 1862, the Board decided to allow each family a member of which had gone to the war, $25. This sum was then paid to Jacob Davis, Mrs. S. A. Davis, John Monroe, Amos Bhoades and Cyrus Rhoades. In Octo- ber following the same bounty was paid to R. Haney and James F. McLuen, and in March, 1863, Alva Chambers drew a like amount. In December, 1863, the bounty to enlisted and drafted men was fixed at $100. P. T. Punteney was paid $100 under this provision in February, 1864. During the year Orrin Jerome, "William Carter and L. Short became entitled to the bounty and received warrants for the amount. In June, 1864, the Board equalized the bounties by paying an additional $75 to those who had received but $25, under the first offer. This amount was paid to Alva Cham- bers, R. Haney, C. Babbitt, A. Mohen, C. Wright, George Short, S. Frazier, E. Carney, William Combs, James F. McLuen, W. W. Davis, Alpheus Stevens and John Monroe. In January, 1865, the Board resolved to issue $4,800 in bonds to raise money to pay volunteers under the last call of the Govern- ment. At the same time Mrs. Carter, Mrs. Isaac Higgins, Mrs. Orrin Jerome, Mrs. P. T. Punteney and Mrs. Robert Haney were allowed $50 out of the relief fund. The bonds were issued, but as the war ended soon after and recruiting ceased, most of the money was given as relief to the families of volunteers. A complete list of the county's contribution j '5 of volunteers cannot be obtained, as not all are credited to this county in the official reports. The first volunteers went to Guthrie County and joined a company from that county, and but a few of these were ever credited to Carroll. Subsequent enlistments were made at Jefferson, Greene County. Among the latter were Edmund Carney, Alva Chambers, William M. Coombs and Coleman P. Wright. These enlisted Septem- ber 7, 1861, in Company H, Tenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry. Carney was wounded slightly in the leg at Champion Hills, Mis- sissippi, May 16, 1863, and transferred to the Invalid Corps February 15, following. Coombs was wounded severely in the arm and head, at the same time and place. William Carter and Orrin Jerome enlisted in December, 1863, in the Thirty-ninth Infantry, Company E, but were on the 30th of the same month transferred to the Seventh Cavalry. In this regiment was also Parker T. Pnnteney, one of the first sheriffs of the county. Carter was killed at Allatoona, Georgia, October 5, 1864. It is said that altogether there were twenty-eight volunteers from Carroll County. The draft was put in force in this county on one occasion, in the fall of 1864, and three men drawn, among whom was T. B. Aldrich, then county super- intendent of schools. This would make a total of thirty-one. If this is. true, then more than 10 per cent, of the total population, and about half of the voters of the county, entered the service of the United States. The great bulk of the present population of Carroll County has settled here since the war, and includes a large number, certainly over a hundred, who enlisted from other counties or States. t's 1 t'4 f mi'- 1 a 5 i/5H£B£EHHHe5Hia"E! »■■■■■■■» ^■■K^a '«' J ITH advancing civiliza- tion, the professions afford an ever broad- ening field for the brightest minds to enter, in quest not only of living, but also of honor. With the exception of the public schools, there is no agency so educational as the local press. Journalism itself has passed through several stages of develop- ment, and has but recently found its true position. A paper of the style of those published thirty years ago would have but few admirers. Local news was then not thought worthy of printing, and the country papers were filled with learned disquisitions on national politics and foreign wars. Now these things are wisely left to the more widely circulated city papers, which by fast mail trains are distributed throughout the West within twenty-four hours of publica- tion. Carroll County takes several thousand papers each week from Chicago, Des Moines, 47 Omaha and other cities, and also supports seven local papers. These are all edited with more than average ability, and all have a good circulation. CARROLL HERALD. O. H. Manning began printing at Jefferson a paper called the Carroll Enterprise, in 1868. Some of the citizens of Carroll clubbed together, bought a press, and employed J. F. H. Sugg to publish the Western Herald, which rendered useless the further existence of the Enterprise. In a year or two the out- fit of the Herald was sold to O. H. Manning. E. E. Hastings became editor and publisher September 28, 1870, and March 29, 1871, the name was changed by dropping " West- ern." In 1874 O. R. Gray became a partner in the enterprise, the two purchasing the office from Mr. Manning. The firm of Hast- ings & Gray continued until April 4, 1877, when Mr. Hastings bought his partner's in- terest and became sole proprietor. At the beginning of 1882 Mr. Hastings leased a half interest to E. A. Adams, and the paper was published under the firm name of Hast- ings & Adams until August 15, 1883. On the 1st of January following; Paul M. Mac- lean purchased the entire concern, at the same time leasing a half interest back to Mr. Hastings. The firm' of Hastings & Maclean continued two and a half years. The first named retired at the end of June, 1886, and died in the autumn following. John B. Hungerford bought a half interest of Mr. Maclean at the time of Mr. Hastings' retire- ment. Under the management of Maclean & Hungerford the Herald is increasing in popularity and influence. It has always been devoted to the interests of the Republican party. It is in size a seven-column quarto. Previous to 1876 it was a folio, or four-page paper. It is issued on Wednesdays, at $2 a year, and has a circulation of 1,300.. CARROLL SENTINEL. The Sentinel was established at Glidden in the spring of 1877, by Ed. Tabor, of Lake City, now city editor of the Sioux City Jour- nal. He was succeeded in the ownership of the Sentinel by Russell & Wattles, and they by I. S. Russell. The latter moved the office to Carroll in 1880, and published it here with not strict regularity for about a year. Then H. C. Ford brought some material from West Side, bought out Mr. Russell, and began to build up a prosperous paper. In April, 1884, the establishment passed into the hands of Hon. Michael Miller, its present editor and proprietor. The paper was originally a six-column folio, independent in politics, but is now a seven-column quarto, and since Mr. Miller took charge ^it has been Democratic. In the middle of July, 1886, the office was moved into its present location, in a brick building owned by Mr. Miller. It is 22 x 100 feet, the front twenty feet being cut off for the postoffice, which has been recently moved in. The remainder is in one large room, ex- ceedingly convenient for newspaper work. Steam power, the only one used by a paper in the county, was introduced in the autumn of 1886. CARROLL DEMOCRAT. The Carroll Democrat was established in 1874, in the interests of the Democratic party, by H. L. McMann, A. L. Bowman, J. C. Kelly and one other. Mr. McMann was editor. They published a very good paper for perhaps a year, but the owners could not agree on some very important matters, and the office was closed. The material was sqld at sheriff's sale, and passed into the hands of the Herald and Der Demokrat. The latter, although having a similar name, had no con- nection with the English Democrat. CARROLL DEMOKRAT. This is a German weekly, with politics in- dicated by its name. Its first number ap- peared May 22, 1874. Its size was then a six-column folio. Two years later it was made a quarto, its present size. The first proprietors were Bowman & Burkhardt. F. F. Florencourt bought Mr. Bowman's in- terest in June, 1874, and the firm was then for six months Burkhardt & Florencourt. Then the paper passed into the hands of a new firm, Burkhardt & Schirk. H. W. Hage- mann purchased Schirk's interest in 1876, and two years later that of Mr. Burkhardt, becoming sole proprietor. In March, 1879, the paper and material passed under the con- trol of the Demokrat Printing Association, by which the Demokrat has been since regu- larly published. The present officers of the association are : P. M. Guthrie, President and Treasurer, and B. J. Kniest, Secretary and Manager. F. F. Florencourt is editor. The Demokrat is exclusively a German paper, but in 1880 three columns were printed in English, an experiment which was discon- tinued after one year. It is published on Fridays, at $2 a year, and is read by nearly all of the large German population of Carroll County. CARROLL NEWS. This was the name of a five-column folio Democratic paper, published for about six months in 1880 and 1881 by B. J. Kniest. ' MANNING MONITOR. The first paper at Manning, the Monitor, was established by S. L. "Wilson, November 16, 1881, and by him published for over two years. Seth Smith bought it in March, 1884, and two months later sold to C. S. Lawrence. It is an .eight-column folio, Republican in politics, and is published at $1 a year. MANNING NEWS. The News was first brought before the waiting world in January, 1882, by The. Palmer, of Irving. May 20, 1886, the paper and material were bought by W. J. Morrow, who is now editor and proprietor. It is a seven-column folio, Democratic in politics, and is issued on Thursdays, at $1 a year. About 400 papers are mailed at home, and the total circulation in Carroll, Crawford, Shelby and Audubon counties is 850. GLIDDEN PAPERS. As stated before, the Carroll Sentinel was established at Grlidden. About a year before the Sentinel was removed, J. C. Holmes started the Newsboy, a six-column folio, neutral as to politics. This ran perhaps two years. In November, 1885, G-. W. Baer began the publication of the Success, which belied its name, for it was forced to suspend July 9, 1886. It was a six-column quarto, Republican in politics, and published at the rate of $1.50 per year. Glidden is now with- out a local paper. COON RAPIDS ENTERPRISE. The Enterprise was founded in January, 1882, by Ed. Stowell, who sold to Henry Brothers, May 25, 1883. In February, 1885, S. D. Henry became sole proprietor. The Enterprise is appropriately named, and has- a large list of satisfied subscribers. It is Republican in politics, and is published on Fridays, at $1.50 a year. It is in size a six- column quarto. HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. If v ^'^>t3»>-^tg»>^>t>^>^^y ,*"<£- •^PROFESSIONAL. *- \lt 1 '5 J' ? J se THE BAR. ^ Bj, 4i vOAH TITUS was the pio- neer lawyer of the coun- ty, living at Carrollton in an early day. There was then not enough legal business to take the entire time of even one man, and it cannot be said that there was ever much of a "bar" at Carrollton, though several practiced law or were entitled to practice. The oldest resident attorney of Carroll is James E. Griffith, dating from its first year, 1868. Orlando H. Manning, who studied law with Messrs. Russell & Head, at Jeffer- son, came to Carroll in the same year, and practiced continuously until successful poli- tics absorbed his time. He served two terms in the lower branch of the General Assembly, and in 1881 was elected Lieutenant Governor. He was very prominent in all county affairs when a resident here, and will fill an impor- tant place in the history of Carroll County when the same shall be written by future historians. In 1883 he removed to Council Bluffs, and at the present time he is a resi- dent of Topeka, Kansas. William H. H. Tibbils was here a couple of years, and in 1873 went "West. E. M. Betzer located here in 1870, and has practiced law when not em- ployed in some one of the county offices. H. W. Macomber has been here for many years, and his son, F. L. Macomber,, is also now a practicing attorney. F. M. Cole was one of the early attorneys. He retired from business in 1873, owing to sickness, and died soon after. George "W". Paine came in 1872, from Brooklyn, New York, and has been prominent in legal and business matters sin,ce. He has been an attorney since 184=9. He does a large loan business. James N. and F. M. Powers located here in 1880, and were in partnership until the former was elected county clerk. He is a graduate of the State University, class of 1879. J. W. Scott came here about ten years ago, and for ■S» « M «B^M lS»SnSMSM=»«W«»»p ^fCTW^ PROFESSIONAL. 075 the past two years has given up legal practice and devoted himself to farming. Joseph M. Drees studied law with O. H. Manning, and has now been in practice about six years. A lawyer named Cochran was for a time a mem- ber of the county bar. George W. Bowen located here in 1878, and is yet in practice. George R. Cloud has been here since 1882. M. W. Beach came here from Glidden in 1883. J. C. Engelman was first here in 1878. He has moved around considerably; located at Manning in 1884, and in the autumn of 1886, having been elected county attorney, removed to Carroll. Charles Lee Murray came here in 1879 from Marion, and after a stay of a year and a half, emigrated to Montana. Ed. Conlin was admitted to the bar in 1885. Thomas F. Barbee, H. S. Fisher and John Brown have been in practice several years. The present resident practitioners of Car- roll are James E. Griffith, E. M. Betzer, George W. Paine, H. W. Macomber, F. L. Macomber, M. W. Beach, James N. Powers, F. M. Powers, Thomas F. Barbee, H. S. Fisher, John Brown, George W. Bowen, George K. Cloud, Ed. Conlin, J. C. Engel- man and Joseph M. Drees. The first law firm at Manning was that of Doty, Hughes & Salinger, in the autumn of 1881. It continued but a few months. C. "W". Doty remained at Manning for two years, and is now in Nebraska. W. H. Hughes was from Cherokee County here, remained about a twelve-month, and is now in the Ter- ritory of Dakota. B. I. Salinger is the only one of the firm who is still in the practice at Manning. George ~W. Makepeace came in the autumn of 1881, and was here two years. Emory S. Blazer, from Audubon County, was also among the first comers. He remained three years, and then removed to Nebraska, where he has since died. Albert T. Bennett came at the same time as the above, and is still in practice, although most of his time is given to the Bank of Manning, of which he is owner. C. M. Failing came from Anita in 1882, but returned a year later. S. Preston was the first attorney at Coon Rapids, and is still in practice at that point. T. C. Reid located here in 1882, from Sears- borough, Poweshiek County, and is the present mayor of the town. S. J. L. Sheaffer came also in 1882, from Guthrie Center, and in the autumn of the second year thereafter changed his field of operations to Kansas. L. W. Morgan was in mercantile employment at this place before December, 1882, when he formed a partnership with T. C. Reid, under the name of Beid & Morgan. A. A. Spahr came in 1883, was a partner of Sheaffer, and in 1885 remove'd to Casey, Guthrie County. E. H. Hnrd is the latest addition to the list of attorneys at Coon Rapids, having arrived in the autumn of 1886. M. W. Beach was the first attorney at Glidden. He read law while holding the office of county superintendent, and after being admitted to practice followed the legal profession here several years, when he removed to Carroll. C. I. Hinman, who was his partner at Glidden for a time, is now engaged in banking and real estate dealing at Esther- ville, Emmett County. J. C. Engelman, the present county attor- ney, was the first member of the legal pro- fession at Arcadia. F. A. Charles is the present attorney of the place. MEDICAL PROFESSION. The first settlers of Carroll County depended for medical assistance upon Dr. James Miller, who was the pioneer physician of Greene County, and lived in the country, north of the present site of Scranton. In '■'■"■ 676 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. 1865 Dr. Thomas Elwood, now of Glidden, located at Carroll ton, and to him belongs the honor of being the first resident practitioner in Carroll County. The first physician to locate at Carroll was J. W. Hollenbeck, who remained about a year and a half. A Dr. Davidson was here about the same time, and Dr. Fajans was also one of the first. Dr. Hildebrand, from Phila- delphia, was here six years, and in 1877 removed to Southern Iowa. He died at Sacramento, California, in 1885. J. M. Patty (homoeopathic) was here very early, and died at Carroll in 1884. He was from Grant, Sac County, as was H. Smith, who also died here about 1884. Dr. Ricke was an early physi- cian. A. L, "Wright came in the spring of 1874, and is the oldest practitioner now at Carroll. A. Naulteus, from Ohio, remained here about two years, and is now at Hastings, Nebraska. J. W. Gustine came in 1876, from Panora, Guthrie County, and died here in the autumn of 1885. The previous two years had been passed in Florida. G. W. Bowers came from Guthrie Center in 1878, practiced four or five years, and died at this place. Dr. Strong (homoeopathic) came in 1878; left two years later for the northern part of the State. F. J. Kriebs came in 1886, and is now in Eastern Iowa, haviug left Carroll in the autumn of 1886. Dr. Schafer came in 1880, and left two years later. L. Q. Spaulding (homoeopathic) came in 1883, and in the autumn of 1886 moved to Battle Creek, this State, William Lane came in 1881, from Montour, this State; remained about two years, and is now at Miller, Dakota. Dr. Fox came about the same time, was for a year or two in partner- ship with Dr. Gustine, then went to Patter- sonville, this State, and is now in New York State. The practicing physicians of Carroll now are Drs. Wright, Emeis, Gockley and Strunk. The last three are comparatively recent arrivals. Dr. E. P. Williams, who lived on a farm six miles east of Manning, was the first physician to practice generally an that vicin- ity. He removed to town in the autumn of 1881, and is still in practice at that place. Dr. McKinney was also one of the first, having boarded with Julius Gardner before the town was laid out. He has practiced at Manning ever since, except one year at Aster, Crawford County. G. M. Barber came the same autumn (1881), from Walnut, Potta- wattamie County, and started a drug store in partnership with James Turner. He is still in practice, and is now sole owner of the store. L. P. Brigham came in 1883, and practiced one year. He has since devoted: himself to the insurance and loan business. Dr. Stein came in 1884, from St. Louis, and is yet here, in practice. E. V. Blatchley fixed his residence at Coon Rapids in 1877 or '78, and in the spring of 1886 removed to Buffalo Gap, Dakota. His son, E. M. Blatchley, came a year or two later, and in June, 1885, moved to Grundy County, Nebraska. J. Garst was here from 1882 to 1885, and is now at Northfield, Minnesota. T. C. McMillan was here from 1882 to 1886, and is now at Fullerton, Nebraska. C. Bunyon was his partner for one year, and when he left was headed for Washington, Iowa. J. K. Root came in the autumn of 1884, and is still a resident prac- titioner. J. H. Martin came in August, 1886, and after two months removed to Omaha, Nebraska. Dr. Stearns came in the autumn of 1886, and Dr. E. A. Hunt a year previous. Both are still at Coon Rapids. Dr. H. H. Gates has been located at Glid- den for eighteen years. Dr. White, a homoeo- path, was here in the early times of the village, and remained three years. Dr. il r PROFESSIONAL. 677 Thomas Elwood, who located at Carrollton in 1865 and was the first resident physician of the county, fixed his home at Glidden, in 1872, and is yet here. Drs. Culver and St. John were early physicians, but did not re- main long. Dr. S. C. D ankle has been here twelve years. Dr. O. H. Hood came to this point in 1884, and in 1886 removed to Nebraska. Dr. L. R. Sales is also a resident physician of Glidden. The first physician at Arcadia was Dr. Hall, who remained two years and is now in Sac County. Dr. Fischer was at Arcadia a short time. Dr. J. B. H. Feenstra located here in 1877, and has practiced continuously since. Dr. C. A. Beitenman has been a resi- dent nearly three years. Dr. Baird was here in 1883-'84, and is now in Kansas. Dr. L. S. Stoll has been here thirteen years, as phy- sician and insurance agent. ya- rn m mi tie 1 iTSSSL^ES* . ■ n, B a 678 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. MISCELLANEOUS. EDUCATIONAL. TILES SIMON, the great Frenchman, said: "That people which has the best schools is the best people; if it is not so to-day, it will be so to-morrow." The chief glory of Iowa is that, while she is tenth in popula- tion, she is fifth in whole number of public schools and whole number of school- houses, and first in the pro* portion of persons over ten years of age who are able to read, and also first in propor- tion of white male population between the ages of fifteen and twenty years who are able to write. The first school in the county of Carroll was taught at Carrollton, in the spring of 1856, by Jane L. Hill, but outside of that village there were few schools taught before the era of progress which immediately suc- ceeded the building of the Northwestern Rail- road. Of the early schools, the less said the better, unless we consider the disadvantages of the country and the poverty of the peo- ple. The citizens improved their schools as rapidly as their own means would permit, and the last two decades have witnessed t a steady and perceptible gain in methods and conditions. The present efficiency of the free-school system is due in no small degree to the in- fluence of the teachers' institutes and associa- tions now held annually. Of course the discussion and exercises of these educational gatherings were at first general in their character; but county normals or teachers' in- stitutes now have a specific purpose — the better fitting of teachers for the school-room. Nothing helps more than a good institute to give teachers a proper appreciation of the responsibilities which rest upon them; noth- ing does more to give them an enthusiasm for their work, a love for it, and an earnest desire to find out and use diligently the very best methods for instructing children^ t mm m m^ m ^ m m m X!! m m m m .m m a ia m a !ai m m m mns mm m m a sm ^i a K , m m m m mi B . m m ii m m B t t m m m m m M m m m m n m m m m mam^ MISCELLANEOUS. 679 Indeed, as a rule, those teachers who attend in- stitutes are the ones who become most faith- ful, diligent and efficient in the school-room. Mingling with those engaged in the same calling, they receive their sympathies, and the benefit of their experience. They learn, perhaps, to think better of their profession than ever before; come to appreciate fully the nobleness there is in it; and when they go back to their school-room again it is with a determination to be successful in the truest sense, however much labor it may cost them. An institute is in some sense a short term of school, in which a few points in the com- mon branches, such as are not usually well understood or well taught by teachers, are seized upon and presented by competent in- structors. The best methods, not those which are simply new, but methods which have been proven by actual trial in the school- room, whether new or old, to be the best, are the ones aimed to be insisted upon by those who conduct exercises in the institute. Great- er accuracy and thoroughness in the teaching of the common branches is evidently needed in many of our schools now; and the insti- tute is an important means for the attainment of this end. It is well, as is often done, to introduce a few general exercises, such as the reading of essays and the delivering of short orations, so that general intellectual culture may be encouraged; for teachers ought not to be one-sided men and women. So much importance is attached to teachers' institutes by our best educators that in several cities teachers are compelled by the school regula- tions to attend the city institute. In testimony- of the present satisfactory condition of school matters in Carroll County, the following figures are taken from the last published reports: Number of district townships, 15; inde- pendent districts, 15; sub-districts, 135; un- graded schools, 127; rooms in graded schools, 24; average duration in months, 7; male teachers employed, 75; average monthly compensation, $44.88; female teachers, 153 average monthly compensation, $33.92 males of school age, 2,687; females, 2,705 enrolled in public schools, 3,993; total aver- age attendance, 2,288; average tuition per month, per pupil, $2.30; frame school-houses, 132; brick school-houses, 3; value, $100,555; value of apparatus, $6,148. Paid for school-houses and sites, $8,160.69; for library and apparatus, $108.85; on bonds and interest, $2,314.86; for other purposes, from school-house fund, $3,714.95; for rent and repair of school-rooms, $4,324.42; for fuel, $3,562.73; secretaries and treasurers, $1,496.88; for records, dictionaries and appa- ratus, $796.87; for insurance and janitors, $1,219.87; for supplies, brooms, chalk, etc., $854.52; for other purposes, from contin- gent fund, $5,790.41; for teachers, $37,- 972.46; for other purposes, from teachers' fund, $26.43. AGRICULTURAL. The Carroll County farmer, having no stones or stumps to remove, finds his farm clear and already prepared for cultivation, so that he may plow his land, plant his crops, and reap such a harvest the first year as will abundantly reward his labor. The richness of Iowa soil is attested by the fact that as many as twenty successive crops have been gathered from a single field, without the use of fertilizers. In the variety of products this region is unexcelled. Corn is the most reliable crop, is more extensively cultivated than any other, and yields from fifty to seventy-five bushels per acre. The business of stock-raising has assumed vast proportions, and a large percentage of the agricultural wealth consists of all kinds \ ■■■■■■"■■.I HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. of farm stock. These unsurpassed prairie lands, yielding abundantly of rich, nutritious rrasses and watered with numberless streams and rivers, have the conditions of climate, food and water which are favorable to success, and with superior transportation facilities, giving access to the markets of the world, the prose- cution of this industry has become one of the most profitable sources of revenue. Stock feeding is a business in which the surplus grain can be most profitably utilized, a fact which has been fully demonstrated by every one who has given his attention to it. There is no branch of agriculture which pays so large a revenue in Iowa, as there is scarcely a farmer who does not give his attention, in a greater or less degree, to the raising of stock for market. The following are the census (1885) figures as to the chief farm and stock interests: Average size of farm, 141; acres of im- proved land, 242,044; acreage in cultivation, 180,429; acre's of unimproved land, 44,593; acres in pasture, 41,674; rods of hedge fence, 67,058; rods of barbed wire fence, 492,146; rods of other fence, 87,925; farms managed by owner, 1,504 ; by tenant for money rent, 144; by tenant for crop rent, 326. Acres of Indian corn, 92,897; bushels harvested, 3,231,439 ; acres of spring wheat, 55,454; bushels harvested, 617,254; acres of oats, 23,409; bushels harvested, 795,797; tons of straw, 16,334; acres of rye, 1,487; bushels harvested, 19,713; tons of straw, 863; acres of barley, 8,508; bushels harvested, 225,794; acres of buckwheat, 83; bushels harvested, 1,247. Acres in planted timber, 2,403; acres in natural timber, 1,916; cords of wood cut in one year, 746; number of bearing apple trees, 13,425; bushels gathered, 8,785; bearing plum trees, 2,966; bushels gathered, 790; bearing cherry trees, 1,546; bushels gathered, 161; other bearing fruit trees, 1,309; trees not in bearing, 51,357; acres of vineyard, 5; pounds of grapes gathered, 1J860; vines not in vineyard, 10,023; pounds of grapes gathered, 7,956; stands of bees, 122; pounds of honey gathered, 1,586. Acres of clover, 203; tons of hay, 166; bushels of seed, 15; acres of Hungarian, 208; tons of hay, 317; bushels of seed, 53; acres of millet, 218 ; tons of hay, 431; bushels of seed, 62; acres of timothy, 5,924; tons of hay, 4,979; bushels of seed, 1,530; tons of hay from wild grass, 34,476; acres of flax, 3,950; bushels of seed, 19,291. Gallons of milk sold or sent to factory, 7,629 ; gallons of cream sold or sent to factory, 68,673 ; pounds of butter made, not at factory, 357,350 ; pounds of cheese made, not at factory, 4,390; acres of potatoes, 1,261; bushels raised, 69,458; bushels of beets raised, 603; turnips, 9,084; peas and beans, 724; acres in sorghum, 292; gallons of sorghum sirup, 5,184. Milch cows, 8,671; other cattle, 17,394; slaughtered and sold for slaughter, 2,791; total horses, 8,387; sold for export, 101; mules and asses, 358; sold for export, 8; Poland China hogs, 8,907; Berkshire hogs, 2,703; Chester Whites, 285; Duroc Jerseys, 123; Essexes, 32; other improved breeds, 89; total hogs, 60,874; slaughtered or sold for slaughter, 38,738; Merino sheep, 315; Cots- wold sheep, 102; Southdown sheep, 5; total sheep, 644; slaughtered or sold for slaughter, 55; number of fleeces, 454; pounds of wool, 3,612; common chickens, 109,671; improved breeds, 1,126; other domestic fowl, 7,745; dozens of eggs, 306,589. Value of farm products, $1,142,434; mar- ket-garden produce, $1,020; products of forest, $4,135; orchard products, $3,914; products of vine, $1,618; small fruit, $2,030; products of hive, $245; products of dairy, n.B,W M ».in«.W»M„»,M,M,M,»,a» -,■..«„■„■!,=, W..M..W.M. MISCELLANEOUS. 681 $76,263; animals slaughtered, or sold for slaughter, $433,547; poultry and eggs, $28,958. RAILROADS. The prosperity and development of a State is essentially dependent upon its means of transportation, and to our railroads is due, more than to any other single agency, the present prosperity of Iowa. The attractions which Iowa presents to enterprise, capital and skilled labor, with all her natural elements of productive wealth, have been developed by the greatest river navigation and the best system of railroads existing in any State in the Union. The benefits which are derived from railroad communication are untold, and can only be realized when we remember that civilization and improvement of all kinds follow the iron horse, and, as if by magic, towns and villages spring up in its wake. The building of railroads assisted greatly in the development of our State by furnishing convenient markets for the farmer. Iowa is to-day traversed by railroads in almost every direction, while the work of building new lines is steadily progressing, and this wonder- ful advance in the construction of railroads indicates the confidence which capitalists entertain in regard to the future of our State. Indeed there are very few States in the Union, if any, in which railroad building has been pursued with such energy as in Iowa. The great national highways across the con- tinent pass directly through the State, afford- ing our people access to the principal markets of the world. From these roads branches deflect in all directions, until with these, and her north and south lines and their branches, there remains not a county in the entire State which has not one or more railroads. In the spring of 1855 the first locomotive and cars were introduced within the borders of our State at Davenport. In 1856 Congress made a munificent grant of lands to the State, to aid in the building of railroads, which in turn was granted by the State to various companies for the construction of lines in different directions throughout Iowa. For several years thereafter progress in railroad building was slow, owing to the financial depression in 1857-'58, and the civil war which followed so soon afterward, and it was not until after the close of the war that the increased demand for transportation facilities necessitated the more rapid building of rail- roads. The benefit derived from these com- mercial highways is two-fold. Not only are the people of the State afforded an easy communication with the great markets of the country, but when it is understood that these great corporations are subject to local and State taxation, and that they pay into the treasury of the State a large amount annually, it will be seen that the burden of the tax- payer is lessened thereby. The railroads of the State are subject to legislative control, so that the General Assembly has the power to fix the maximum rates for the transportation of passengers and freight on the various lines and to prevent unjust discrimination between points on the same line. The interests of the people are guarded by a board of railroad commissioners, consisting of three persons, appointed by the Governor for the term of three years, and whose duty it is to adjust those differences which may arise between the people and railroad companies, or between one company and another, hearing and deter- mining complaints, inquiring and recommend- ing, and up to this time its recommendations have been heeded. It is to be taken for granted that the public appreciate the great convenience of the railroads as well as the fact that they have been indispensable in the development of our State, and there is no e » xt ».,in m » igBSB ■-■■■■"■.■■■■■■■iff . ■ „ ■ „ ■ _ » _ «. ^ Hl , 682 S^ HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. reason for, and we believe there is no real antagonism of, interests between our people and the railroad companies, although there have been misapprehensions on both sides, though perhaps no more than arises in other business relations of the same magnitude, yet they are each interested in the prosperity of the other, as a broad and comprehensive view of the rights of each reveals. The manage- ment of the railroads of Iowa has been wise and judicious, and in their endeavors to pro- mote the. prosperity of their respective com- panies they have been important factors of the development of our wonderful resources. Although Carroll County has now two east and west main lines of railroad, and north and south branches, it was 1867 before the first rail was laid in the county. The county was then twelve years old, but had scarcely half as many hundred people living in its boundaries. The great impulse given to immigration, which has continued steadily until the county has now over 16,000 inhab- itants, is one of the most powerful arguments that can be adduced to prove that the advent of the railroad was an unmixed blessing for Carroll County. Chicago da Northwestern. — More than thirty years ago it was designed to encourage the building of four trunk lines of railroad across the State of Iowa. One of these was to be on or near the forty-second parallel of latitude, and would hence cross Carroll County nearly midway. Congress in 1856 granted to the State of Iowa, in trust for this purpose, a liberal strip of the public lands. At a special session of the General Assem- bly, in July, 1856, the land grant for this line was transferred to the Iowa Central Kail- road Company. This grant was declared forfeited by act of the General Assembly, March 17, 1860, and nine days later was assigned to the Cedar Eapids & Missouri Eiver Eailroad Company. This grant em- braced 88,120 acres in Carroll County. Owing to the paralyzing influence of the civil war, several years more elapsed before the actual work of construction began. In the mean- time, by act of Congress, approved July 2, 1864, another grant was made direct to the railroad company. This took 29,240 acres more in Carroll County, making 117,360 acres given in this county to secure the railroad. The road was built in 1866 and 1867, pass- ing through this county in the latter year. Immediately after completion the road was leased for ninety-nine years to the Chicago & Northwestern Eailroad Company, which has since operated it. This powerful company has 3,584 miles of road, including 1,022 miles in Iowa. The main line in Iowa is 354 miles long, with 667 miles of branches. The townships crossed in Carroll County, with mileage in each, are: Glidden, 6.150; Grant, 5.000; Carroll, 7.635 ; Arcadia, 6.625. The stations, with distance in miles from Chicago, are: Glidden, 388; Carroll, 395; Maple Eiver Junction, 399; Arcadia, 405. The Iowa Southwestern Railroad was built under the auspices of the Chicago & Northwestern Company, in 1880. It was intended to build to Harlan, in Shelby County, but on account of the rapacity of some land-owners near the latter place the road stopped at Kirkman, seven miles this side of Harlan. The right of way was con- tributed by adjacent property owners. This branch is thirty-five miles long, from Carroll to Kirkman. Soon after this line was built a branch was built from Manning in this county to Audubon in Audubon County. George Gray, of Audubon, furnished the right of way. The line from Manning to Kirkman is now operated as a branch from the former place, while trains run through from Carroll to Audubon. .«„«.».! in , III m ■»■■■»■■■ iSkZjuSmKmS »M»B!»fiP»Bp»iS«*gBiai«W- B .-« St 1*1 it, {* L HE Iowa Southwestern Railroad was laid across Warren Township in a southwesterly direction in 1880. When the following year the Chi- cago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Rail- road Company built its line to Omaha through the southern part of Carroll County, it was perceived that the intersection of the two roads was a favorable site for a new town. The land that was laid out as a town was selected by O. H. Manning, then of Carroll, agent for the Western Town Lot Company, which was composed of the lead- ing officials of the St. Paul Railroad Com- pany. The latter named the place in honor of Mr. Manning. About 160 acres on the south half of section 16, Warren Township, was laid out into lots, the first of which was sold July 28, 1881, to J. L. Weatherill, of Carroll. On this lot was erected the hard- ware store still conducted by Weatherill & Morsch, the latter being Mr. Weatherill's son-in-law. The first building, however, was built in the south part of town, by Whealen Brothers, a month before this, and used as a grocery. This was afterward moved on the lot now used by the Bank of Manning, and subsequently burned. J. L. McQuaid's gro- cery was the next store built. The first resi- dence was built by John Ferguson. From this on so many were building at once that no particular order can be assigned. All came at once, as it were, and by the end of the first year there were not less than 800 people in the town, where but a short time before was a wild prairie. Since then the town has grown very slowly, but has held its own at all times as to population, while the business is on the increase as the surrounding country is developed. The State census of 1885 credits Manning with 954 inhabitants. POSTOFFICE. The postoffice was established November 1, 1881, and Seth Smith was appointed to conduct it. He held the position nearly four ■■■■i«lB»mWm"on"a''iii»'nMi.B 5 s miin J «B»ia«»««»B°ii"B'»iiBi»»"»n«»Biai ■ -■-■-■■■■■■■■ ■ ■ ■ ■■- ■ -■-.■■■■■-■■■ ■ ■■■-.■■■■■■■■■■■■■■H»» M M _M» M M « » l M»W» WS^5Waili TOWNS AND VILLAGES. years, and resigned, to take effect September 30, 1885. Emanuel M. Funk was com- missioned September 15, and took charge of the office October 1, 1885. INCOEPOEATION. Manning was incorporated in May, 1882, and the territory included is all of section 17, one-fourth of section 18, one-fourth of section 20, and one-sixteenth of section 19. It is a square, one and one-fourth miles on a side, and includes 1,000 acres. The officers of the town for each year have been : 1882. — Mayor, I. W. Callamore; Recorder, George C. Hunt; Councilmen, J. M. Turner, N. F. Spear, P. A. Emery, M. Hoffman, J. L. McQuaid and E. F. Tidd ; Assessor, Byron E. Whealen ; Marshal, H. Chapman ; Treasurer, O. E. Dutton. 1883. — Mayor, J. W. Martin; Recorder, H. M. Morsch ; Councilmen, George C. Hunt, V. Roush, U. L. Patton, E. M. Funk, Ely Sharp and William Schoop; Marshal, J. B. Barns; Street Commissioner, J. C. Engel- man. 1884. — Mayor, J. W. Martin; Recorder, W. K. Lindsay; Councilmen, E. M. Funk, U. L. Patton, V. Roush, Ely Sharp, William Schoop and W. J. Morrow; Marshal, Joseph Arp. 1885. — Mayor, W. F. Carpenter; Recorder, W. K. Lindsay; Councilmen, W. C. Hen- shaw, C. Grube, E. M. Funk, U. L. Patton, W. J. Morrow and William Schoop; Mar- shal, Frank Blair. 1886. — Mayor, W. F. Carpenter (resigned in autumn, and W. J. Morrow appointed); Recorder, T. E. Palmer (left town, and George Tank appointed); Councilmen, Will- iam Schoop, O. E. Dutton, U. L. Patton, W. C. Henshaw, J. W. Martin and C. Grube (resigned, and H. D. Radeleff appointed); Treasurer, A. T. Bennett; Street Commis- sioner, Wils. McCarthy; Marshal, Frank Blair; Assessor, James Matteson. FIEE PBOTECTION. In 1884 a tank was built, sixteen feet high and twenty-four feet in diameter, on the high- est land in town and elevated thirty feet above ground. This is kept filled with water by a force-pump and wind-mill. Five hy- drants are distributed through the town, four on Main street, one near the reservoir, and 600 feet of hose is on a cart ready to attach to any one of the hydrants. The cost of the whole was $6,000. The volunteer fire com- pany has sixteen members, W. F. Carpenter being chief. At the fair in September, 1886, four teams competed for speed, and that of Manning was victorious. PBOFESSIONAL MEN. The first law firm here was that of Doty, Hughes & Salinger, in 1881. The present attorneys are B. I. Salinger and A. T. Ben- nett. The first physicians were Dr. R. R. Williams and Dr. McKinney, both of whom are here now, together with Drs. G. M. Bar- ber and Stein. BANKS. The first bank established here was the Farmers and Traders, by O. B. Dutton & Son, October 1, 1881. The senior proprietor after- ward sold his interest to D. W. Sutherland, and May 1, 1886, the concern was merged into the First National Bank, the only na- tional bank in Carroll County. Capital, $50,000; D. W. Sutherland, President; O. E. Dutton, Cashier. The building owned and occupied by this bank is a handsome two- story brick. The Bank of Manning was established in April, 1884, by J.' B. and W. C. Henshaw, and August 28, 1886, was purchased by Al- bert T. Bennett. coll' HISTORY OF CARROLL OOUNTT. Si MILL. The Manning Roller Mills was built in 1882, by Kuhn & Roush, the present pro- prietors. 'It is 42 x 46 feet in size, three , stories in height, and is valued at $12,000. The engine is fifty-horse power, and is in a room 16 x 32 feet. There are nine sets of rollers and two of burrs. The mill does the largest exchange trade in Northwestern Iowa. It is conveniently located near the railroad track, and has a side track for its own use. BUSINESS DIEECTOEY. Arney Brothers, hardware; G. M. Barber, drugs; H. Bell, grain; A. T. Bennett, Bank of Manning; Benson & Chatman, photogra- phers; B. F. Breaon, hotel; Carstens & Det- lefs, general store; Coe & Son, creamery; L. M. Conklin, broom factory; Mrs. Cosson, millinery; Mrs. Dean,, millinery; George Detlefs, grocery; Dunning, Ives & Co., gen- eral store; W. L. Eckels, meat market; Emery & Shepherd, livery stable; Hans Fram, saloon; L. R. Fuller, hotel; E. M. Funk, postoffice; Green Bay Lumber Co., lumber; IT. S. Heffelfinger, jeweler; Hoff- man & Schoop, furniture, dry goods and groceries; Hoffman & Tank, lumber and coal; John T. Jay, clothing; D. Joyce, lum- ber; Kuhn & Roush, mill; Lawrence Bros., meat market; C. S. Lawrence, publisher of the Monitor; L. L. Lightfoot, restaurant; P. M. Loes, harness; Martin & Smith, hard- ware; George McCarthy, barber; John Mc- Quaid, grocery; A. Mills, livery stable; Moershell Bros., dry goods and groceries; W. J. Morrow, publisher of the News; Fred Noisaux, blacksmith; IT. L. Patton, elevator; Van Patton, elevator; Ed. Perry, grocery; Rohr & Siems, boots and shoes; Ross & Murry, barbers; R. L. Ross, hotel; Salinger & Brigham, insurance and loan agents; E. C. Sharp, jewelry, boots and shoes ; Mrs. Seth Smith, millinery; C. Steffens, hotel; P. B. Stouffer, drugs; Sutherland & Dutton, First National Bank; Thede & Dammann, grain; R. F. Tidd, blacksmith; Weatherill & Morsch, hardware; Wood & Anderson, gro- cery; Alexander Young, restaurant. SCHOOL. "Manning's school building is a frame struc- ture in the northeast part of town, and was built in 1883 at a cost of $7,000. It is two stories in height, and contains six rooms. Four teachers were employed at first, and now six are found necessary. The corps for 1886-'87 is as follows: C. W. Durett, prin- cipal; Sarah Garrett, assistant; Mrs. Alice Engelman, grammar; Lola Robinson, inter- mediate; Gertrude Chandler, second primary; Eva Maxwell, first primary. The number of persons of school age in the district is 263; average attendance in 1885-'86, 216; total enrollment, >259. The present School Board includes J. S. Ferguson (President), B. I. Salinger, U. L. Patton, J. B. Henshaw, James Matteson and D. W. Sutherland. John B. Ingledue is Secretary of the Board, and O. E. Dutton, Treasurer. CHUBCHES. Methodist Episcopal Chv/rch. — A Meth- odist class was formed in a school-house in this vicinity as early as 1878 with seventeen members. Rev. Charles Martin was first assigned to the charge. Rev. Lewis came in 1880; Rev. John Elliott in 1881 and 1882, Rev. W. E. Harvey in 1883 and 1884, and Rev. I. H. Elliott in 1885 and 1886. In 1884 the society built its church at the north- east corner of Center and Second streets. It is a frame structure, costing $2,400, and will seat 250. There is a tower, but as yet no bell. The membership of the church did not increase until the fall of 1885, when Rev. I TOWN'S AND VILLAGES. 697 Elliott conducted a very successful revival and admitted about 100 to membership. Another revival was conducted in the autumn of 1886 by Mrs. E. G. Libby. The member- ship is now between 150 and 160. F. C. Grossman is superintendent of the Sunday- school, which has a usual attendance of 100. The stewards of the church are: John Parker and John Shoemaker; Trustees, John Parker, F. W. Arney, E. C. Sharp and John B. Ingle- due. Presbyterian Church. — The first services of this denomination were held September 23, 1881, by Eev. T. S. Bailey, of Carroll, in the unfinished room of the Farmers' and Traders' Bank. Six members of the Presby- terian faith were present. May 27, 1882, a petition to organize was presented to the Presbytery signed by A. W. Sutherland, G. M. Barber, Eobert Macklin, H. Bell, D. W. Sutherland and Annie Sutherland. May 28, 1882, Eev. A. K. Baird preached and organ- ized the church in due form with sixteen members. S. S. "Wilson, A. W. Simpkins and G. M. Barber were elected ruling elders. August 10, 1882, a building committee, con- sisting of D. W. Sutherland, Eobert Macklin, H. Bell and M. L. Branson, was appointed to have charge of the erection of a house of worship. The building was completed in the summer of 1883 at a cost of $2,200, and dedicated August 23. The membership is now about fifty. The pastors have been as follows: Eev. E. A. Elfeld, beginning De- cember, 1881; H. H. Cullen, April 1, 1882; C. S. McElhinney, May, 1883; 0. E. Laugh- lin, October, 1883; A. W. Thompson, April, 1885. G. M. Barber is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has an attendance of from eighty to one hundred. The elders of the church are: J. L. Stottler, A. W. Simpkins, G. M. Barber and A. Green ; Trus- tees, S. M. Towne, H. Bell, A. W. Simpkins and J. B. Henshaw; Secretary, O. H. Patter- son. Catholic Church. — The first mass was said in 1882 by Father John Fendrich (of Arca- dia, now Carroll), in 1882. Father Shulte then came here from Templeton, and now Father O'Connor, of Carroll, holds services the first Monday of each month. About thirty families belong to this parish. A church has just been completed at a cost, of $1,000. It is in the east part of town, 24 x 48 feet in size, and will seat 200. Christian Church. — This was organized in the spring of 1885 with twenty-seven mem- bers, and now has sixty-five. Having no house of worship, services are held at the school-house. Eev. H. E. "Higbee was in charge the first year, and Eev. O. H. Truman commenced to fill the pulpit November 1, 1886. F. W. Arney is superintendent of the Sunday-school, the average attendance of which is fifty. George S. Nickle is elder of the church, and P. A. Emery and F. W. Arney, deacons. German Lutheran Church. — The German Lutheran church was organized in 1885, but has no house of worship. Eev. William Mallon holds services every two weeks. SOCIETIES. Manual Lodge, No. 450, A. F. & A. M., was organized June 29, 1883, and chartered June 4, 1884. It has now twenty-eight members. Meetings are held on Monday evening, on or before each full moon, over the First National Bank. The officers for 1886 are: H. W. Eeed, Worshipful Master; W. J. Morrow, Senior Warden; V. Eoush, Junior Warden; O. E. Dutton, Secretary; D. W. Sutherland, Treasurer. Manning Lodge, No. 122, L.' O. O. F., was organized in May, 1883. It has thirty- three members, and meets every Tuesday ■■■"■■■«.■■■■■■■.■.■.■.■■■.■ ■■.■■■.■■■■ ■■.■.■. 698 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. evening. The leading officers are: W. E. Guild, Noble Grand ; George Tank, . Vice- Grand; F. Moershell, Secretary; John Hoff- man, Treasurer.' McPherson Post, No. 33, G. A. B., was mustered March 17, 1881, with fifteen mem- bers. S. E. "Whitcher was the first com- mander. The post has now thirty members, and meets the first and fourth Saturdays of each month. The present officers are: J. H. Kuhn, Commander; F. C. Murkel, Senior Vice-Commander; A. L. Sanborn, Junior Vice-Commander; L. P. Brigham, Adjutant; F. Beal, Quartermaster. Manning Lodge, No. M2, A. 0. JJ. W., was organized in February, 1885, with eighteen members. There are now fifteen. Meetings are held on the first and third Sat- urdays of each month. J. L. Stottler is Master Workman; V. Boush, Financier; J. S. Ferguson, Recorder, and L. P. Brig- ham, Receiver. The Manning Union Fair and Driving Park Association was organized in 1883, with a capital stock of $10,000, which was taken by about 250 citizens of the four coun- ties comprising a square area of which Man- ning is nearly the center — Shelby, Audubon, Carroll and Crawford. The stock is about half paid up. The association bought forty acres adjoining Manning on the south, at $60 an acre, and have improved the grounds with suitable buildings, etc. Four annual fairs have been held, beginning with 1883, and in addition a horse fair is held in June each year. The fairs of 1885 and 1886 were successful in every respect, there being a surplus after meeting all demands. The directors are: Samuel Bingham, E. M. Kel- ley and Henry Grube, of Carroll County; Peter Miller and C. E. Arney, of Crawford County; James Bartley and William John- son, of Audubon County, and E. Shafenberg and John Noble, of Shelby County. The officers are: U. L. Patton, President; H. D. Radeleff, Vice-President; W. J. Morrow, Secretary; W. C. Henshaw, Assistant Secre- tary; J. B. Henshaw, Treasurer; S. E. Whitcher, Chief Marshal; H. Foote, Super- intendent of Grounds. The Manning Public Library was begun in November, 1886, with fifty volumes as a nucleus. The books are at present kept in the postoffice. There are about fifty mem- bers of the association. The Manning German Band was organ- ized in 1883, and has ten pieces. Fred Blokker is leader. The Manning Cornet Band was organ- ized in 1884, and has twelve pieces. H. W. Beed is leader. COON RAPIDS. O. J. Niles entered the land on which Coon Rapids now stands, in Union Town- ship, in 1855. Mr. Wiles was from Western Michigan, and probably of Yankee birth. He was a peculiar character in many respects, and was considered an oracle of wisdom by the first settlers. He was elected a justice of the peace, and frequently acted as agent for the settlers in purchasing household sup- plies at Des Moines. He lived in a 16 x 36 log house, the site of Mr. Shute's present residence. It is related that a man named Tuttle, of Tuttle's Grove, felt a grievance over a horse trade he had made with Samuel Wilson, and stated the details of the trans- action to 'Squire Niles. The 'squire listened patiently, and at the close advised Mr. Tuttle that the law in the case was so complicated that he couldn't obtain justice ! Some sus- picious persons, always inquiring as to the relations of cause to effect, remarked that Wilson was a splendid shot, and Niles was very fond of venison. TOWNS AND VILLAGES. 699 A mail route was established in 1858 oetween Panora and Sioux City, with inter- mediate offices at Carrollton and Denison. In 1861 a man named Winfred bought five acres on the river for a mill-site, and started to improve the same. The settlers were so enthusiastic over the prospect of a mill in their vicinity that they held their Fourth of July celebration that year on the proposed mill-site. When Father Abraham called for 300,000 loyal volunteers, Winfred's men deserted his service for that of the Govern- ment, and work was suspended on the mill. In 1863 Crockett Kibble, County Treasurer, bought the site and commenced to improve it, with financial assistance from the county. A Mr. Frizzell set up a store to supply the men with tobacco and other "necessaries," and John J. McCollum started a blacksmith shop. A petition was sent to Washington for a postoffice to be called Fairview, with Frizzell for postmaster. The authorities replied that there was already one Fairview in the State, and requested the petitioners to select another name. "Niles' Grove" and " Ribbleton " were discussed, but C> on Rapids was the name finally agreed upon, in accordance with the suggestion of Jacob Cretsinger. William Minnich bought land in 1865 and laid out a town, and built the house where William Schnepps now lives, to rent as a store. The first occupants were Shoemaker & Endicott; and " Frank" used to furnish music and act as caller, both, at the frequent dancing parties; and " The Old Gray Hoss " was the favorite tune. On one of Shoemaker's trips to Pes Moines after goods he surprised the natives by return- ing under a plug hat, which disappeared after the next Fourth of July celebration at Car- rollton. Kibble and McCrea were the next occupants, and William Minnich built the- hotel, since called " Fort Sumter." The old town of Coon Kapids never had to exceed fifteen houses. The census of 1880 credits the place with fifty-four inhabitants. When, in 1881, the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad was laid through the south- ern part of Carrol] County and passed near Coon Rapids, a new town was laid out by the Western Town Lot Company, about one-fourth of a mile west of the primitive village, and houses went as if by magic. So many were building that it is impossible to say who was first. The most of the growth occurred in 1882 and '83. The census of 1885 gives Coon Rapids 729 inhabitants. The town has excellent prospects for further growth, and already does a good business with the sur- rounding country. INCOBPOKATION. Coon Rapids was incorporated four years ago, the election to decide upon the step having been held December 19, 1882. Officers were elected in January following, and J. H. Louthan was the first mayor. The officers for 1886-'87 are: Mayor, T. C. Reid; Recorder, D. M. Grove; Councilmen, A. R. Hatfield, C. E. Morris, B. H. Shute, H. L. Miller, Henry Wallace and I. L. Dermond; Treasurer, J. H. Louthan; Assessor, Theophi- lus George; Marshal, James Mulford; Street Commissioner, George Miller. THE CYCLONE. The destructive visitation of April 14, 1886, will never be forgotten by the present inhabi- tants of Coon Rapids, as it did immense dam- age to the town, destroying everything in its path. The day was warm and depressing, but there were no other indications of a storm until four p. m., when it grew dark and threatening. Half an hour later a light rain and a little hail fell. A few minutes more and the clouds lowered, grew very dark, and away south the coming cyclone could be seen. As it grew I? more distinct, and was seen to be heading for the town, the people ran to such caves as could be found for protection. A train of twenty loaded cars was first attacked by the cyclone, and sixteen cars were easily toppled, over like paper, as well as an equal number of empty gravel cars on a side track. Passing north, the storm just missed the business portion of Coon Rapids, the Enterprise office being the only business building injured, and spent its fury on the residence portion of the town. In all, thirty-two buildings were wholly or partly destroyed. The total loss, not including that of the railroad company, which was large, was about $50,000. A boy, Harry Raygor, was so injured by a falling brick that he died a few hours later. Five miles south of town, three dwellings and several barns were destroyed. Just north of Coon Rapids the cyclone lifted, and no further damage was done in its onward path. PEOFESSIONAL. The first attorney to locate at Coon Rapids was S. Preston. Besides him, T. C. Reid, L. W. Morgan and E. H. Hurd are now practic- ing here. Dr. E. V. Blatchley was the first physician. Those now residing and practic- ing here are Drs. Root, Stearns and Hunt. BANKS. The Coon Rapids Bank was opened in June, 1882, by Lyons & Cooney. In the au- tumn of 1886 John Cooney became sole pro- prietor by purchasing Mr. Lyons' interest. The City Bank was established in the autumn of 1882, by H. L. Miller & Co., the present proprietors. BUSINESS DIBECTOBY. The following firms are in business at Coon Rapids in December, 1886: J. II. Adams, Merrill Hotel; W. H. Asher Co., general store; J. Bates & Co., drugs; Beed Brothers, elevator; E. J. Bradley, lum- ber; A. Brutsche, general store; C. L. Cady, barber; John Cooney, bank; -Cumpston & Co., drugs; L. A. Cushman, barber; Dale & George, elevator; I. L. Dermond & Bro., grocery; B. F. Erb, drugs; George Foreman, mill; H. Frisbie, livery; E. & W. Garst, gen- eral store; A. M. Graham, meat market; A. R. Hatfield, general store; S. D. Henry, pub- lisher of the Enterprise; L. Hoffman, tailor; Holliday & Harris, insurance; O. D. Hough- ton, butcher; S. E. Huse, lumber; M. H. Ish, grocery; W. J. Jackley, billiard hall; Jones Bros., hardware; F. C. Jones, post- office; W. Law, blacksmith; J. H. Louthan, harness shop; William McNabb, meat mar- ket; H. L. Miller & Co., bank; C. E. Morris, grocery; Mrs. J. D. Parrott, millinery; L. L. Peck, bakery and billiard hall; E. A. Rogers, photographer; Scott & Son, black- smiths; Steele & Johnson, furniture; A. R. Taylor, hardware; O. C. Triplett, restaurant; J. E. Tucker, jeweler; Henry Wallace, black- smith; J. F. Yetter, harness; G. W. Zollin- ger, confectionery. SCHOOL. The first graded school building was put up in 1883. It was a two-story frame, con- taining four rooms; was on the hill north of the main part of town, and cost $3,400. The cyclone of April 14, 1886, destroyed this, and the same year the present build- ing was erected. It was completed in No- vember, at a cost of $4,000. It is a two-story frame, painted stone-color, and contains five rooms. Four teachers are employed, those for 1886-'87 being: D. M. Grove, principal; Anna Hurd, grammar; Mary Stough, inter- mediate; Adda Dermond, primary. The en- rollment is over 200; average attendance, 180; and the annual expenditures for school ■ ■■ ' .■■■■■■.■■■■■■ ■■■■■■' ,»■■.»■»■' SSSS*^SS m SSSSSS aSSSSmSSS SSSSSSSSM mSm^MSSSB TOWNS AND VILLAGES purposes about $2,000. The present school board includes John Cooney (President), John A. Smith, A. C. Taylor, H. L. Miller and B. H. Shute. C. E. Morris is Secretary of the Board, and A. L. Stough, Treasurer. CHTJBCHE8. Methodist Episcopal Church. — Bev. Mer- son organized the church in 1867, with a small membership. After him Bev. Thomas Hamilton preached here at intervals until 1869. For the next four years the society here was inactive. Bev. Selby came in 1873, Eev. Campbell in 1874. and Bevs. F. Todd and Manasy then supplied the church ir- regularly until 1878. In that year Bev. John Elliott took charge; in 1880, Bev. Stewart; 1881, Bev. Morrow; 1882, Bev. Milligan; 1883, Bevs. Hall and Henderson; 1884, Bev. W. Stevenson; 1885, Bev. W. F. Douglas; 1886, Bev. J. Webb. The first class was formed in 1873, by Eev. Selby, and Alexander McCrea was appointed leader and steward. N. Harris is now leader. J. M. George and John Cooney are stewards. John Cooney, J. M. George, A. Cretsinger, N. Harris, A. C. Taylor, O. D. Houghton and Edward Dale are trustees. A. C. Taylor, Edward Dale and M. H. Ish are the building committee for the church, the foundation of which was commenced October 28, 1886. It will be 34 x 55 feet in size. The present membership of the church is fifty-five. The First Presbyterian Church. — May 14, 1883, Eev. T. S. Bailey, Synodical Missionary for the Synod of Iowa, organized the First Presbyterian Church of Coon Eapids, Iowa. It consisted of sixteen members, as follows: Dr. J. Garst, Dr. T. C. McMillan, Mrs. J. W. Kay, Miss Mamie Kay, Mrs. D. E. Gra- ham, Mrs. B. C. Beed, Mr. John Beed, Mrs. John Beed, Miss Emma Beed, Mr. B. H. Shute, Mrs. B. H. Shute, Mrs. Warren Fell, Mrs. E. A. Miller, Miss Mary Stough, -Mr. A. L. Stough and Mrs. J. A. Holmes. Mr. C. A. McElhinny, a licentiate of Iowa Presbytery, and student of Allegheny Theological Semi- nary, preached by previous appointment on the 11th of May, and continued their supply during the summer, when Bev. C. E. Laugh- lin was commissioned by the Board of Home Missions to supply the church half the time from September 23, 1883, for one year. November 25, the new church building being completed at a cost of $2,500, it was dedi- cated to the service of the Lord. Bev. I. N. Onttenden, of Hastings, Michigan, was in- vited to become their supply June 1, 1884, and still remains with them. The church has more than doubled its membership dur- ing the past two years, and numbers now fifty-eight. The present officers are: A. S. Meigs, William Sheaffer, B. H. Shute. and John Beed. Our Union Sabbath -school has 120 members, with Z. W. Steele as superin- tendent. The church was destroyed by a terrible cyclone the 14th of April, 1886, and another new one will soon be completed. The Christian Church of this place was organized first nearly twenty years ago. A preacher lived here, and held services every month. In 1882 the church was reorganized, with fifteen members, by Eev. J. W. W. Waugh. He preached semi-monthly. Then there was an interim of no services, during which time the society bought the old district school buildings and fitted it up at a cost of $350. Eev. J. A. Binder came in 1884 and remained sixteen months. The cyclone de- stroyed the little church, and since then no regular services have been held, but a new church is now building to cost $1,000. The membership is about seventy-five. The El- ders are John A. Smith and C. T. Cross; Deacons, Z. B. Titus, W. H. Smith and Frank Chevalier. ; 1 5 702 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. ah 9 The Catholic Church. — The Catholics have a frame church in the northwest part of the town, built two years ago. Father Schulte, of Templeton, holds services here every month. The membership is largely in the country. SOCIETIES. Charity Lodge, Wo. 197, A. F. db A. M., was organized at Carrollton August 22, 1866, and chartered June 5, 1867. When Coon Rapids began to prosper, the lodge was removed to that point. It has now, thirty- six members, and meets on Saturday on or before each full moon. It owns a hall over Asher & Co.'s store, valued at $600, in part- nership with the Odd Fellows, and it also owns a hall over C. E. Morris' store, which is rented to the Knights of Pythias and the Grand Army. The officers for 1886 are: S. E. Huse, Worshipful Master; T. C. Eeid, Senior Warden; C. V. B. Smith, Junior Warden; I. L. Dermond, Secretary; J. H. Louthan, Treasurer. Coon Bapids Lodge, Wo. 1^9, 1. 0. 0. F., was organized in the autumn of 1882, and has now thirty members. It meets every Tuesday evening at the hall above mentioned as being owned in partnership by the Masons and Odd Fellows. At this writing S. E. Huse is Noble Grand; William MoNabb, Vice-Grand; L. A. Cushman, Secretary, and D. F. Erb, Treasurer. Plantagenet Lodge, Wo. 108, K. P., was organized in 1883. It has twenty-eight members, and meets every Thursday evening. The present officers are: D. M. Grove, Chan- cellor Commander; T. Morgan, Vice-Chan- cellor; S. D. Henry, Past Chancellor; A. A. Morr, Reporter; George Cretsinger, Prelate; J. K. Root, Keeper of Records and Seals. Coon Bapids Lodge, Wo. 850, A. 0. V. W., was organized in May, 1883, with twenty members. There are now twelve. It meets the second and fourth Monday of each month at Masonic Hall. The officers are: A. M. Graham, Master Workman; W. F. Sanford, Recorder; V. M. Johnson, Financier; J. Wright, Receiver; Theophilus George, Guide. Perry Wright Post, Wo. 188, C. A. B., was mustered June 6, 1882, and its member- ship has increased from thirty to forty-five. It meets Saturday evening after each full moon. Officers: A. C. Taylor, Commander; A. O. Vanakin, Senior Vice-Commander; J. D. Parrott, Junior Vice-Commander; J. D. Henry, Quartermaster; C. E. Morris, Adju- tant; G. W. Smith, Chaplain; T. George, Officer of the Day; W. F. Paxton, Officer of the Guard. GLIDDEN. In 1868, a year or two after the railroad came through Carroll County, a depot was built and station fixed at what is now Glid- den. It was named in honor of a director of the railroad company. The next building was A. B. Wattles' store, which has since been torn down. Martin L. Peters built a hotel, now vacant. William Stiles, S. H. Glidden, William Harris, W. E. Potter, M. W. Beach and L. G. Bangs also located here in 1868, and of these Mr. Potter is the only resident survivor. Glidden grew slowly for several years. In 1870 the population was 177. During the next decade the number of inhabitants increased to 584. It has since remained about stationary, the State census in 1885 giving it 522 people. During the last five years a better class of buildings have been put up, and the village has a much more substantial appearance. There are now eight brick buildings in the business part of Glidden. INCORPORATION. The village of Glidden received the name of an incorporated town thirteen years ago, »f? TOWNS AND VILLAGES. the exact date being October 2, 1873. The first officers were: Mayor, J. O. Havens; Recorder, William II. Stiles; Trustees, Sam. Campbell, N. D. Thurman, George Ferguson, D. 1ST. Smith and P. H. Hankins. The offi- cers in 1886 are: Mayor, S. C. Dunkle; Re- corder, W. E. Potter; Trustees, Jesse Mavity, W. H. Platner, 1. 1ST. Clink, G. W. McNaught and William Waldron; Marshal, Ed. Barber; Treasurer, L. M. Lyons; Street Commis- sioner, W. H. Platner; Assessor, M. M. Vonstein. EIRE DEPARTMENT. A hand-engine and 800 feet of hose were purchased eight years ago, for protection against fire. The apparatus is in charge of a volunteer company of sixteen members, which meets monthly in a building just south of the bank, bought by the town for the use of the fire department. Sam. Schnepps is foreman. The most serious fire in G-lidden's history occurred on Christmas day, 1883, when nine buildings were destroyed. The conflagration began in a drug store. POSTMASTERS. The postoffice of Glidden was established in 1868, with A. B. Wattles as postmaster. He has been succeeded in the office by F. M. Harding, Dan. Browning, L. M. Lyons, W. E. Foster and Thomas Rich. GLIDDEN BANKS. George Stafford started the Glidden Bank in 1877, and in 1882 sold to Lambertson & Gabriel. Lambertson died in January, 1884, and now S. C. Dunkle is President, and H. M. Gabriel, Cashier. L. M. Lyons also con- ducts a banking business. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. These firms are doing business in Glidden in December, 1886: L. H. Banner, hoots and shoes; Browning 49 & Browning, general store; J. C. Carnell, restaurant; Frank Chandler, saloon; Dickey & Coder, general store; Dunkle & Gabriel, bank; Gilbert Eaton, furniture; George Fer- guson, hardware; Jacob Ford, blacksmith; W. E. Foster, drugs; Mrs. J. 0. Havens, millinery; William Kuebler, restaurant; R. A. Lang, grocery; James Lee, hotel; Linn & Smith, hardware; L. M. Lyons, bank; Ben. Masker, shoe shop; Geo. W. McNaught, grocery; John G. Merrings, general store; A. H. Mertz, meat market; R. P. Myers, harness; Homer Nickols, livery; G. W. Par- sons, barber; Potter & Wolcott, agricultural implements; Prill Bros., general store; Henry Pruss, grain and cattle; W. O. Reed, pho- tography; Thomas Rich, postmaster; Schultz & Son, meat market; J. C. Scott & Co., drugs; D. N. Smith, lumber and coal; M. S. Smith, lumber and grain; H. K. Soper, gen- eral store; John Vaughn, saloon; John Waldron, watch-maker; W. F. Waldron, blacksmith. SCHOOL. A two-story frame building was erected in 1868, on the highest point in town, for school purposes. It contained two rooms, cost $2,200, and was used until 1879, when the present two-story and basement building was put up, at a cost of $5,000. It has five rooms. Four teachers . are employed, M. M. Warner being the principal for the current year. The enrollment is 180; average attendance, 160. The rooms are full, and the annual expendi- tures for school purposes amount to $2,200. The board of directors comprises W. H. Platner (president), John Harris, G. W. McNaught, J. Mereness, Thomas Ferguson and M. Linn. James Campbell is secretary, and S. C. Dunkle, treasurer. CHURCHES. Presbyterian Church. — Services of this 704 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. denomination were first held in the school- house, in the autumn of 1870, by Kev. W. E. Smith. Among the pastors since his day are Eevs. Phillips, Shafer, Sammis, McLowry, Jones and Eeed. No services have been held since the spring of 1886. The house of worship was built during Mr. Phillips' pas- torate, in 1877, at an expenditure of $1,700. In 1882 $700 was used in making repairs and additions. The membership is about fifty. William Knox, M. M. Warner, M. W. Beach and J. E. Mereness are elders; Eobert McCreath, John Grace, William Prill, H. Gabriel and J. L. Mereness, trustees. J. L. Mereness is superintendent of the Sunday- school, which has an average attendance of seventy-five. Methodist Episcopal Church. — The first pastor of this society was Eev. Elliott, who first came in 1871. Eev. Vail came in 1873, Eev. C. W. Smith in 1874, Eev. C. W. Pos- ton in 1876, Eev. J. W. Echels in 1878, Eev. W. M. Welch in 1881, Eev. Jean in 1884 and Eev. L. W. Archer in 1885. In 1880, during Eev. Echels' pastorate a church was built, at a cost of $2,000. The trustees are J. EL Dickey, L. M. Lyons, W. F. Waldron and G. W. Merritt; Stewards, L. P. Myers, H. D. Dutcher and H. B. Vedder; class- leader, H. B. Vedder. A. J. Heaton is superintendent of the Sunday-school, which has seventy-five pupils. SOCIETIES. Haggai Lodge, No. 369, A. F. & A. M., was organized December 22, 1875, and char- tered June 6, 1876. It has thirty-three members, and meets on Saturday on or before each full moon. Eobert McCreath is- Wor- shipful Master; S. C. Dunkle, Senior Warden ; W. E. Foster, Junior Warden; E. A. Lang, Secretary. Copestone Chapter, No. 78, R. A. M., was chartered June 3, 1885, and has now forty-seven members. It meets on Thursday on or before each full moon. D. N. Smith is High Priest; S. W. Briggs, Senior Warden; and W. E. Foster, Secretary. Philo Lodge, No. 291, I. O. O. F., has thirty-five members and meets every-Tuesday evening. Officers: F. Eust, Noble Grand; W. D. Valentine, Vice-Grand; J. Mavity, Secretary; W. E. Foster, Treasurer. GUdden Lodge, No. 27, K. P., was char- tered November 22, 1886, with twenty mem- bers. There are now thirty-two members. Meetings are held on Monday evenings. J. C. Scott is Past Chancellor; George E. Cloud, Chancellor Commander; Dr. J. J. Deshler, Vice-Chancellor; Gilbert Eaton, Prelate; M. M. Warner, Master of Finance; William Sex- ton, Master of Exchequer; N. C. Browning, Keeper of Eecords and Seals; E. C. Kyle, Master at Arms; Philip Zimbeck, Inside Guard; Eobert Gabriel, Outside Guard; J. C. Scott, Department Deputy Grand Chancellor. N P. Wright Post, No. 291, G. A. E., was organized March 3, 1884, with twenty members. This number has been since increased to thirty-five. J. N. Coulter was commander in 1884 and 1885; George Fergu- son in 1886. The officers for 1887 are: J. O. Havens, Commander'; J. A. Harris, Senior Vice-Commander; W. F. Waldron, Junior Vice-Commander; Jesse Mavity, Quarter- master; W. D. Sherman, Surgeon; G. Eaton, Chaplain ; J. N. Coulter, Officer of the Day ; D. N. Smith, Officer of the Guard. The post meets on Friday evening on or before each full moon. AEOADIA. Isaac N. Voris laid out a village in 1872 on the highest land on the entire line of the Chicago & Northwestern Eailroad in the State of Iowa, and gave it the appropriate name of" Tip-Top." H. E. Carpenter bought the first lot (lot 13, block 13), and put up a building in which he conducted a general store for two years. The place is now the site of a saloon. The second store was erected in the spring of 1873, by Lampman Bros. Before there was any thought of a village, however, there were in this neighbor- hood the dwellings of I. N. Voris, L. J. Lampson, S. W. Lampson, William Bellvale and John Benson. Philip Hense and Henry Benke came in 1873, and were partners of Lampson Bros. In the fall came a man named Gilger, and started a grocery in the southwest part of town, in Lampson's build- ing. They afterward built on Main street. James Carroll came in 1874 and bought the dwelling formerly occupied by Mr. Voris, who built the house he now occupies. Mr. Voris suggested the name of Arcadia, which was adopted in place of " Tip Top." Arcadia acquired its principal growth in the first four years. The censns of 1880 gave the village 426 inhabitants. In 1885 the population was 454. INCORPORATION. The town of Arcadia has had a legal or- ganization since 1881. D. J. McDougall was the first mayor. The present officers (1886- '87) are: Mayor, H. F. Arff; Eecorder, II. Pruter; Trustees, D. H. Moore, T. Koepke, P. Appel, D. Erp, Jr., F. Hagen and C. II. Westbrook; Marshal, B. II. Bruening; Street Commissioner, William Bargfriedt; Treas- urer, C. H. Westbrook; Assessor, Charles Lallan. POSTMASTERS. Isaac N. Voris was the first appointee of Uncle Sam's mail service at Arcadia, which was made a postoffice in 1872. He has been followed successfully by H. C. Newton, H. E. Carpenter, J. M. Locke, John R. Benson, H. E. Carpenter and C. H. Westbrook, who was appointed in 1885. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Arcadia business firms in December, 1886, are: H. Altmans, Arcadia Hotel; Peter Appel, wagon shop; F. D. Bohr, barber shop; H. H. Book, hardware; D. Bornholdt, agricultural implements; H. E. Carpenter, hardware; L. Pi. Curran, Bank of Arcadia; C. A. Daniels, grain; Erp Bros., general store; Claus Erp, lumber; J. B. H. Feenstra, drugs; Mrs. J. B. H. Feenstra, millinery; Hoch & Ga'bel, general store; D. Joyce, lumber; C. Jentsch, music hall; Peter Klein, harness; Frank Koepke, blacksmith; Theo. Lampman, gen- eral store; D. J. McDougall, grain; D. ,H. Moore, general store; A. Oelkers, saloon and restaurant; Peters & Bornholdt, millinery; H. F. Radden, shoes; Miss Mary Reiff, millinery; William Richards, meat market; Frank J. Rogers, station agent; M. F. Schmalfeldt, blacksmith; C. H. Westbrook, postoffice and drug store. SCHOOL. A school-house was built in 1873, 22 x 30 feet, containing one room. In 1881 exten- sive additions were made, so that there are now three rooms. As many teachers are em- ployed, those for 1886-'87 being C. S. Tarbox principal; Miss E. H. Gabel, intermediate; Miss Annie E. Reed, primary. The directors for this year are: John Walsh (President), J. B. H. Feenstra, C. A. Beiterman, J. Kles- pies, L. R. Curran and Frank Hagen; George Hock is Secretary, and D. H. Moore, Treas- urer. The enrollment for 1885-'86 was 137- average attendance, 84£. The aggregate ex- penditure for school purposes are $2,100. CHURCHES. Catholic Church. — The church used by the Catholics at this place was built in 1874, by 706 HISTORY OF CARROLL COUNTY. .«« a Rev. Father Pape, then of Carroll. It is in the southwest part of the village and cost $3,200. It is a frame structure, and will seat 650. Father Urbany succeeded Father Pape, and then Father Fendrich was stationed at Arcadia. After four years residence here removed to Carroll, in 1886, to take charge of the German Catholic church in that city. He still conducts services at Arcadia every two weeks. The priests' residence is worth $2,600, and $900 has been expended by Father Fendrich in an addition to the church. Zion's German Lutheran Congregation was formed in 1879, and worships in a church that cost $2,700. The present pastor is Rev. C. H. Fred. Hermann, who commenced his labors here in April, 1885. There are about thirty voting members, but nearly twice as many attend. The pastor conducts a paro- chial school, which is attended by from twenty-five to thirty pupils. It is proposed to build a school-house in two or three years. SOCIETIES. Tip Top Lodge, No. 167, Lowa Legion of ffonor,-was organized in February, 1885, with twenty-seven members. There are now twen- ty-four. Meetings are held the first and third Thursdays of each month. Henry W. Pruter is President; John Rollins, Vice- President; William F. Erp, Recording Secretary; Dr. C. A. Beiterman, Financial Secretary; C. H. "Westbrook, Treasurer. The Catholic Mutual Protective Society was organized in June, 1886, with thirteen members. Jacob Klesbies is President; Frank Hagan, Secretary and Treasurer. CARROLLTQN. The village of Carrollton, for twelve years the seat of justice of Carroll County, was laid out by Leas & Harsh, of Des Moines, who had entered the land. The particulars as to the choice of this site for the county seat have been given on a previous page. It is located on the north half of the northeast quarter of section 1, township 82, range 34, and the south half of the southeast quarter of section 36, township 83, range 34. S. L. Loomis built a small house, and opened the first store in 1856. H. L. Youtz afterward bought it, and was the first postmaster. In a year or two Lafayette McCurdy built the second store, and got the postoffice. The first blacksmith was Richard McClune; the second, John Grove. In 1859 the lower story of the court-house was built, but not painted or plastered. The place grew slowly, as did the county, until the building of the Northwestern Railroad in 1867, and the laying out of Carroll. October 8, 1867, eighty-eight votes were cast for removing the county seat to the new town on the railroad, and thirty against removal. The records were taken to Carroll in May, 1868, and Car- rollton, which had at this time perhaps fifteen houses, steadily declined from that time. The building of Coon Rapids, on the St. Paul Railroad, has taken away its last hopes of ever being a place of importance. Most of the houses have been taken into the sur- rounding country, where they are used for stables or other out-houses. There are yet remaining a store, postoffice, blacksmith shop and a residence or two. Crockett Ribble, one of the pioneers and early county officers, is postmaster. He doubtless thinks — " I feel like one who treads alone some banquet hall deserted ; Whose lights are fled, whose garlands dead, and all but me departed." BBEDA. The Iowa Railroad Land Company laid out the village of Breda in 1877, mostly in Wheatland Township. The area is 177 acres. William Arts, now of Carroll, built a ware- house and office, and put in a small stock of TOWNS AND VILLAGES. W groceries, which were sold by Arts & Mane- mann. Clemens Knobbe built a house for a store, but it was used as a saloon. Fitch & Wade bought the business of Arts & Mane- mann. Clemens Bruning opened the first general store. Breda has grown steadily, tjhough slowly, and had in 1885 278 inhabi- tants. There are now three general stores, kept by Richard Eicke, Clemens Bruning and Kempker & Bruning; two hardware stores, kept by Ricke & Soat and H. J. G-nam ; one drug store, kept by Jones & Albertson, and a Catholic church, built in 1878. OTHER VILLAGES. Templeton and Dedham are enterprising young villages that have sprung up on the line of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad, in the southern part of the county. Halbur is a station on the Iowa Southwestern Railroad, between Carroll and Manning. Charles "Walterscheit has a general store and the postoffice; A. Hoelker has a general store, and John Barks a hardware store. Mount Carmel is a village in Kniest Town- ship, having a Catholic church and a good store. ^ w^i ^m^ i ^2! m Zm^imU^m m m ^m^W^S^ ) it ■x ' ff-J ^ '1ft' :r«< J }^i?'»?i-^ i 52-" - !.S& l ^'SL* i -^ -33- 'a r f # ;-"U