iHit-v CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY FROM The P'Jolishers Tales from histoi 3 1924 031 220 076 olin.anx HOFFMANN'S Historische Erzahlungen. Beresford-IV^bb. D. C. ifEATH &■ CO., BOSTON. NEU^ YORK. CHICAGO. LONDON. fymll Uttfemitg pihtJ^tg THE GIFT OF .^_MA...ya^ ganje SSotf unter bie SBaffen treten jolle. Stm 21. ganuar um 5 Ufir ertoac^te ber ^iinig, Iie§ fid^ 265 ml^ig onlleiben unb brucEtc feine greube au§, bofi ber ©c^Iaf t'^m feine Srafte iuiebergegeben l^abe. ®onn bei^tete er, l^orte bie SJteffe unb em^jfing bnS l^eitige Slbenbmalit ; barauf erteitte er KterQ feine le^ten Sluftrcige an feine gomilie, bie er nid^t tt)ieberfe^en moc^te, um fid^ unb il^r ben ©d^merj be§ Ie|ten 270 2lbfdE|ieb§ ju erfparen. ®ie ©emeinbebeamten erfd^ienen unb er erbat ft(^ eine ©d^ere, um fi(f) felbft bie §oare objuf^nei' ben, bomit e§ nid^t burd^ bie ^enfer gefc^el^e ; au§ aRi^trauen fd^Iug man tfim biefelbe ah. Srau^en hiirbetten bie Sront' mein; bie S'iationalgarbe ftellte fid^ auf, ber ©onbent, ber 275 ©tabtrat, bie 2)tinifter, bie Qafobiner hJoren berfommett ; in bielen SSol^nnngen l^otte man bie genfter mit Soben t)er= f(|Ioffen ; ein Slufftanb unb ein SSerfudE), ben Sonig ju befreien, tourben fiir eth)a§ SSaf)rf(fieinIid^e§ gef)alten. Um 8 U^t erfi^ien eine Se|)Utatiott im Sempel, um ben ©onig abju:§oIen. 280 Siefer er^ob fid^ ru^^ig, beauftrogte ©lerg nod^mote, feiner ®emal)lin, feiner ©d£)»efter ©lifabet:^ unb feinen Sinbern fein 36 ^ifton^tt»tg§ XVI. 37 imfd^ulbig; \iS) Beging bie SBerBrecEien ntc^t, beren man mic^ be^ti^tigt; tc| hiunfd^e, bo^ mein Slut ni^t iiBer grattfreic^ !omme I " 6r hJoHte toeiter reben, aber 2;rotmneItt)trieI u'6er= 315 tonte jetne ©tintnte. SDte ©c^orfric^ter ergriffen tiin ; toa'^renb ba§ 93eit ftel, rief Sbgetoort!^ au§: „@Di|n be§ Iieittgen £ub>Dtg, ftetge ouf gum ^immell" 2)Jan jeigte bo§ o6gefd;tQgcne ^anpt bem SSotf ; ber ^jSoBet fd;rie : §od| lebe bie Station I f)oii) bie 3flef uBIif 1 SSiete taud^= 320 ten il^re ©d^nu:pftiic§er in ba§ S3tut be§ K6nig§, anbere tanjten um bo§ S3tutgeru[t, anbere liefen burd^ bie ©tra^en ber ©tabt, mit lantern ©efd^rei ba§ ©efd^el^ene berfunbenb. ®er 2ei(^= nam toaxt fogteii^ ouf bem 3Jlagbotenen=Sird§I)of 6egraben unb, um feine Serftorung ju 6ef(i)Ieunigen, mit Siall Befc^ilttet. 325 Sie Sltte £ubtoig§ an ben SJlationalfonbent, man mijge feiner gflmitie geftatten, ben %empd p Derlaffen unb fi^ on eine ©tatte ju begcfien, hietc^e fie maliten mfic^te, tourbe nid^t erfiittt; bie Ungtvxdlic^en blieBen im ©efangniS; i^re Sage marb nid|t erleid^tert, fonbern i^re Seiben Dermel^rten fic^. 330 aKan roubte il^nen felbft ben le^ten Sroft, ben bei Sufammen» |ein§; am 3. guli 1793 na!^m man ben S)au:pf)in ou§ ben Slrmen feiner SOtutter unb iibergoB i^n ber Sluffid^t be§ ©d^ufter§ ©imon, toelc^er t|n ouf ia^ ©d^anbtic^fte be» iionbette, fo bofi er fc|on tm gmotften ^ai)vi feineS SebenS 335 ftarb. Sinen SOlonot nad^ biefer 3;rennung, am 2. Sluguft friil^ um 2 U'i)x, brongen SSeamte be§ ©emeinberotS in ba§ Simmer ber Sonigin, ghiangen fie, fic^ onjuKeiben, burc5= fu($ten fie wnb liegen il^r nid^tS al§ ein ©cEinu^ftu§ unb ein SRieclflafd^c^en. Sarouf fiil^rte man fie in bie Sonciergerie, ein 340 neben bem Sufti5:|Do'[aft gelegeneS ®cfiingni§, in toel^em bie jur ^inrid^tung beftintmten SSerliofteten oufbetoo^rt tourben. 38 ^iftorifc^c erja^Iungett. [III. ®ie§ gef(f;a'^ Qitf einen S3efd^Iu§ be§ SottbentS bom 1. SCugiift, „ ba^ Wlaxk Slutoinette, bie SSittce Subltiig ©opet§, bor ba§ 345 $RebDluttonggeri(I;t gefteUt unb bon bemfetben geri(f|tet werbeit foHte." S§i-" ©efangnil toax eng unb fleirt unb man 6elt)i(Iigte i^r nur haS S'JotlDenbigfte gum Sebeit. 6in SSerjuc^ itirer greunbe, i[;r troftltc^e SKitteilungeit ju madden, tburbe eutbedt imb berfrfjiimmerte ifire Soge; SSad§eit ftanben Sag unb S^ai^t 35° on ber Sljiir i^rer Serferjette, benen jebe Unterrebung mit i[;t ober bie SSeantmortung einer grage bet SobeSftrofe unler= fagt Icar. S'Jnr bie SSaffer^ ober ^otjtrager burften, bon S?ommtffarien begteitet, bie SeHe betreten. S)ie ^Prinjeffinnen, toeW;e im %tmpd geblieben loaren, eriitten biefelbe fiarte 3SS S3el)anblung ; man entri| ifinen !Ieine Slnbenfen, auf melc^e fie gro^en SSert legten ; man raubte ber ^Prinjeifin ©lifabet^ 80 SoniSb'or, ttelcTje fie bon ber treucn ^rin^effin SambaHe empfangen I;atte, unb fm^te fie auf alte SSeife ju quaten unb 3U ongftigen. 360 ®ie Siinigin War feit bem 2lu§bru(i^ ber SJeboIution ebenfo ber^a^t, al§ fie borl^er beliebt geluefen mar; man [;atte bie fc^anblic^ften 93efcf)ulbigungen liber fie berbreitet; man be= f)ouptcte, fie l^obe ben Slonig gu alien SSerbrec^en berleitet, eine gel;eime fRegierung unterfialten unb granfreic^ on Dfterreid^ 365 berfauft. 2tm 14. Dftober erfdiien fie bor bem 93Iutgeri(^t. Sie Slntfoge laufete: fie f)obe ben offenttic^en ©dio^ berfcE)Ieubert, teil§ on§ 2jergniigung§fu(I}t, teilS burc^ gro^e (Saben on ifiren Sniber, ben Sonig bon Dfterreii) ; fie Ijobe bie Sru^jpen gegen 370 baS SSoIt oufgereijt, burd) ^ntriguen ouf bie Sdegiernng ein= geiuirft ; fie !^abe bie gtu^t be§ ^iinigS erfonnen unb borbe= reitet, mit ben feinblid^en gelb^errn im gefieimen SSriefloec^fel m.] 2)ic ^itti-iii^tttttg Sttbtt»tg§ XVI. 39 geftanben unb nod^ fett tfirer (Sefangenyd^aft forttna^renb ^piane gemac^t, ble SRe^Jufitif gu fturjen unb i^ren ©ofin jutn Sonig ju ntoc^en. (£g tourben Seus^n aufgeftellt, bte Slnffoge 375 ju Beiretfett; afier e§ !onnte in fetner SSejiel^ung eine entfc^etbenbe S^atfoc^e aufgeftellt toerben. Sie Souigtn btieb 6ei ollen biefen Slnflagen ru'^ig unb feft; fie tear fel^r bteid^, il^re Slugen tooren etngefallen; fie trug ein einfac^eS f^rtorjeS SrauerHeib, ba§ fie feit bem Sobe 380 t^re§ ©emails ni^t icieber obgelegt ^atte. 21I§ einer ber 3eugen iii)auptete, fie f^abt il^ren @o!^n ju fd^onbUc|en Saftern onge^alten, um il^n bann letc^ter Be'^errfd^en ju fonnen, f^jrac^ fie in grower @enmt§6etoegung unb mit ertiobener ©tintme: „ 3c| gtau6te, ia^ bie 3tatur mtr bte Stnthjort auf eine fotd^e 385 SSefc^utbigung erf^jaren toiirbe unb berufe mid^ auf ba§ |)erj aller l^ier antoefenDen SJliitter." S)iefe Stntmort rii^rte otte Slntcefenben. ©inige Beugen oBer fjirac^en and) fiir bte un» gtudli^e ©ontgin; ber eine rul)mte il^ren 9JJut int Ungtud, onbere entfrafteten SBefdEiutbigungen, toeld^e nton gegen fie er= 390 ^oBen l^atte. ©te fel&ft Joieber^olte mit SSefonnenl^eit unb Sfraft, bo§ feine Beftinimte S^atfad^e gegen fie borliege, bo§ ©ntftettungen ber SBai^rl^eit feine SSetceife feien, unb ba| fie atS @emal)lin CubtoigS XVI. auc^ nic^t bie minbefte 95erant= toortung fiir bie 3iegierung§ntaferegeln be§feI6en troge. 395 S)enno(^ erfldrte ber offentlidie SInfloger fie fiir u6er= toiefen; bie Stnftrengungen i^re§ 58erteibiger§ blieben o^ne alien ©rfolg; fie icarb Uerurteilt, tole i^r ©entoi^t auf ber ©uillotine ju fter6en. SRutiig tiernafim fie i^r XobeSurteil ; ru^tg, bod^ ni^t o!^ne4oo S;l)ranen tierbrac^te fie bie Ie|te S^la^t in il^rem ©efdngniffe ; ont 10. DItober in ber griifje Wurbe fie, Don einer unfirme§» 40 ^iftorifc^c ©raal^Iuttgett. [HI- lichen SSoIfSmenge Begtettet, ouf ben §Rtc^t)3la| gefii^rt ; aU fie bie Suilerien erbtidte, ttarb fie toon einer {)efttgen Setoegung 405 burc§f(^auert ; nur einen Stugentiltif, bann ftieg fie fi^nell bie Ceiter l^inauf, toorf einen gteid^gittigen 93(idE auf iaS SSoIf, Welches if)r fo oft jugeiouc^jt l^atte unb ga6 fic| o^ne ein SSort in bie §anbe ber §enfer. S^r §oupt pet unb ber ©(^orf= rid^ter jeigte e§ bent ^pobel, toelc^er taut fc§rie: Slieber mit 410 ber St)rannei 1 e§ tebe bie ateputiti! I ©ietien aJtonate nod^fier erbulbete i^re ©c^tofigerin, Wta= bame ©tifa6et| ba§ gtei^e ©i^idfot. ©ie toor fotool^t in ben Sagen be§ @tiidEe§, at§ in benen be§ UngtiidfS ein SKufter ber ©ute unb gi^ommigfeit getoefen unb man fonnte il^r nic|t§ 415 bortoerfen, at§ ba| fie bie beftonbige ®efof|rtin il^reS S3ruber§ unb i^rer ©c^mogerin im ^erfer, i^re ^letferin unb S;rofterin gemefen fei, unb 'oa^ fie au§ bent @efongni§ einen S8rief» toec^fet mit ben auSgehjanberten ^rinjen unter^atten Iiabe. 5Rur bie Soc^ter be§ SonigS, iE^erefe, '{paitxt ^lerjogin tjoti 420 Slngouteme iibertebte bie geit ber f^anbtic^en unb ftud§= toiirbigen ©(^redenSregierung. 9ioii)bem biefetbe gefturjt tear, tourbe bie ^rinjeffin in gotge Don Unterfianbtungen, toetc^e mit bem ofterreic^ifd^en ^lof ongetniifjft toaren, au§ i^rer @e= fangenf($oft Befreit, nad) SSafet gebrac^t unb bofetbft gegen 425 gefangene granjofen aulgemed^fett IV. |3tr lifutfd)-fi'aitjoftfd)t %xltQ. 1870-1871. Causes of the war — Leopold of Hohenzollem — Benedetti's demands — War declared — The three German armies — Napoleon's proclama- tion — The three French armies — French victory at Saarbriicken — German victories at Weissenburg and Worth— Fall of the French Ministry — Advance of the German armies — German successes — The King of Prussia under fire — Gravelotte— ' To Paris ' — Before Sedan — Surrender of the Emperor Napoleon and capitulation of Sedan — Excitement in Paris — Deposition of the Emperor — The Provisional Government— Paris invested — Fall of Strassburg — Garibaldi and his /ranc-ii'reurs — Enthusiasm of the German nation — Paris during the siege — The army of the Loire — Fall of Metz — Result of the news in Paris — The Commune — Battle of Orleans and defeat of the army of the Loire — Fresh German successes- Attempted relief of Belfort — Garibaldi withdraws — Belfort sur- renders — Sortie from Paris — Distress in the capital — King William proclaimed Emperor of Germany — Paris capitulates — Armistice — Peace negotiations — Entry into Paris — Peace concluded — A united Germany. ^m ^a^Tt 1868 h)or bie Sontgtn Sfi'Be'ffa Don ©^ctmen berjogt unb eine SRc^JuBIt! in jenein Sonbe errid^tet toorben. — - S)te We^x^afjt b'eS S8oIfe§ tojinfd^te jeboi^ toieber einen Konig ju f)abtn. S)ie f^janifd^e 3{egierung frogte be§^a'Ib,im Qo^re 1870 bet bent ^piinjen 2eo:poIb t)on§o!^enjoKern=©igntaringen'^ on, oi er ben S^fon biefe§ fd^iJnen 9leid§e§ rii(^t ^befteigen tootte. — Stefer totHigte ein.— SRun l^otten bie giirften tjon 42 J^ifiorift^c erjSIjIuitgcn. flV. ^o^cnjollcrn tm ^o^re 1849 i'^r fleineS Sanb freitcitttg an $}5reu§en o6getrete:^ unb galten fettl^er )t)ie t^re er66ered;)tigten 10 ©D^ne ate :f)reui3if^e ^rtitjen. — 5topoleoit unb feme S0ltnt[ter hiottten nun nic^t butben, ba§ ein ^jreu^tfdier ^rinj fpattiji^et ^errfcfier luiirbe, unb jeigten ftc^ \tf)x gereijt, al§ fte bie Sr^rontetnerfiung 2eo^3Dlb'g, tcetc^er bod^ mit S'lopoleon na'^e bertcanbt tear, betno^men. — ®er franjoftf^e ©efanbte in IS Serlin, ®raf SBenebettt" eri;ielt beS^atb bie SBeifung, fid^ nad^ ©m§, no £onig SSit^etm Hon 5preugen fid^ einer Sur toegen ouff)iett, ju Bege6en, unb Don bemfeI6en ju berlongen, ba§ biefer bent ^rtnjen Seo|)otb bie 3lnna^nie ber f|)onifc^en Srone Dcrfeieten foHe. Sap berftanb fidf) o6er Sonig SSil^etm ntd^t. 2o ^rinj ficopolb tnor felbftanbig, unb bie S^ianier fonnten wa^ten, tten fie iDoHten : loie fiatte er ba ettoa§ gefiieten ober berbieten follen? ®ie gronjofen na!§men jebod^ eine intnter bro^enbere §ottung on. 3Jton otmete balier orbenttii^ auf, oil Befannt tturbe, iprinj Seopotb t)a6e freilDlHtg ouf ben 25 Sfiron berjid^tet. ®er griebe gait nun toieber fiir gefidiert. Sonig SSit^elm feI6ft lie^ nun SSenebetti mitteilen, bo§ er bie 3lngelegent)eit fiiemit al§ obgemoi^t Betrad^te. ®ie franjofifd^e Sftegierung ttotCte o6er ^reu^en gebentiitigt fe'^en unb rtor mit biefer ©rflarung ntd^t jufrieben. ®er fronjofif^e SKinifter 30 ©ramont fc^amte fi^ ntc^t, bent ®onig jujumuten, bo^ er fid^ in einem ©cfireiben an SJtofioIeon III. ber^ftid^tcn fotle, nie= ntal§ einjutoiKigen, ttcnn jene S^ronconbibotur noc^ einntal ouftouc^en fottte. Ser ©efanbte erl)ielt am 13. ^uli bie Ser)id[}erung be§ SiinigS, ba| er bie aSerjid^tteiftung be§ 35 iprinjen Seopolb BiHige; jene Sumutung oBer, ntit ftelc^er aSenebetti fid^ jubringti(^ ouf ber aSrunnen^jromenabe on ben gonig brangte, ttjurbe oBgetelint. 21I§ ber ©efonbte einige IV.] tv bcutf«i^=fmM3i)fifc^c Sricg. 43 ©tunben barauf eine britte Slubtenj erBot, urn jeine gorber= ung 3U toieberl^olen, tourbe er bom Siinig ntd^t mefir em^j= fongen, fonbern burc^ ben giugelabiittanten borauf berttjiefen, 4° bo^ ber Soitig feinen SSillen f(|on funbgegcfien ^afie. Siefe Suriicftreifung tourbe in $Qri§ aU eine Sfirenfranfung gran!= reic^§ angefel;en unb ber Srieg an 5preu§en er!tart. JJiJnig SBil^elm fel^rte om 15. ^vli in feine ^au^Jti'tabt Sertin suriicf. ©eine fReife tear ein Sriumpl^sug, unb auf atten bebentenben 45 ©tationen fiegrit^ten tl^n gurufe be§ S?ertrauen§ unb f|off= nungSreic^er 3«f erfi(|t. 3^oc^ on bem Slfienb feiner fUMh^t Bef(|to§ ber Sontg bie S!KoBiimac§ung ber |)reufetf(^en Slrmee ; am nad^ften 2;age erfolgte bie SJiobilmad^ung be§ iifirigen norbbeutf(^en S8unbe§^eere§. Sluc^ in ©iibbeutfd^tanb bur^= 50 Bracken bie SSogen ber SBegeifterung bie tiSlier gegen ben SRorben noi^ fe[tge^altenen ©(^ranlen. ®er Sonig Subrtig II. Don S3at)ern erflarte jofort, ba^ er treu bem ©c^u^= unb Srulbjinbniffe an ^reugen fi^ onf^tiege.— ©tefe (£ntfd;ei= bung, toelc^e ber nationolen <3a^i fraftigen 2fuf|d^h)ung ge6en 55 l^atf, ttiirb in ber beutfd^en ®ef(|ic^te nie bergeffen toerben. Stud^ in SBiirttemBerg fd^Ioffen fid^ bie SRegierung unb olle $Parteien ber beutfd^en ©oc^e on. SSaben, bem franjofifc^en SIngrijf om nadEiften liegenb, Bet^tigte feinen :|jatriDtiic^en Eifer burc^ bie jd^Ieunige SSer:t3robiantierung tion fRoftott unb 60 burc^ bie ©^jrengung ber SR^einbrude bei Ut% urn einen ©ifenbol^nii&erfatt Son ©tropurg au§ unmoglic^ ju moi^en. S)ie J&of[nung, toetd^e ^Ro^joteon III. auf einen Slbfall biefcr ©taaten ton ber baterlanbifd^en ©od^e gefe^t l^atte, jerftob fotd;en Sfjotfod^en gegeniiber. Seutfd^Ionb »nrbe in biefen 65 fc^njeren, aber l^errlii^en Sogen tjon ben Sltpen bi§ gur JRorbfee ein tebenStioHer SRome, unb mit Suberfid^t tourbe ber ©ebonfc 44 ^ifiorifdjc ©rjiiQIungeit. [IV. ou§ge?proi$eit, ia% ou§ biefem J?riege ba§ beutf(^e 5Heid^ toiebererftefien itjurbe. 7° 95om 16. guti a6 l^atte bie SKoBttmac^ung ber beutfJ^en |)eeregteile fiegonnen, unb jo trefflid^ trar aHe§ geriiftet, fo genau tiortereitet, bo§ noi^ elf Sogett bie 2Irmeen WegSfertig [tonbett unb nad) ttjeitereit ac^t 'iTagen an ben Ufern be§ 5R^ein§ fic^ aiiffteHten. SOJtt [taunenSiDurbiger ©cfinettigfeit «nb ©i= 75 (fier^eit fufjrten lange, unouffiorlicfi ^id) folgenbe StfenBnl^njuge bie Srup^en noc^ SSeften ^in. ©ie luurben iifieratt mit S8e= geifterung em^fangen, imb in bem StnBIicE biefer unerme^Iii^en Sriegerfd;aren erf)oB ficEi int 93o(f bie §offnung pr ©ertifefieit be§ ©icge§. S§ fturben brei Strmeen gebilbet; bie er[te, 8o unter ©encrat ©teintne^, tnit brei 2trmeefor|3§ Don Soblenj no^ ber ©aor ; bie jrteite, unter 5prinj griebric^ Korl, mit fie6en ^orp§ tion ajfainj unb Singen noc^ ber ©nor; bie britte, unter bem S^ron^jrinjcn bon ipreu^en, mit jec§§ ^orp^ Don 9ta[tatt nnb 9Jlannf)eim nac^ ber Sauter I)in. Sei ber 8s britten 9Irmee ftanben bie fiibbeutfdjen 33unbe§trul:l3en, Snt)= em, SBiirttemterger unb SSabenfer. Ser £ronprinj wax in SKiinc^en, ©tuttgart unb JJarteru'^e mit ber gro^ten a3e» geifterung em^fangen tnorben. Sie SSerteibigung ber nDrb= beutfdien Siiften gegen bie franjofifi^e gtotte tourbe bem 90 ©enerat SSogel ». gatfenftein onoertraut. Stm 2t6enb be§ 31. 3utt berliefe Jtonig SBiltietm, fiegteitet Don SSiSmarcf, gjJottfe nnb SRoon, feine ^anptftabt; er ^atte Dor feiner SIbreife eine ^Proflomation an fein S80H erlaffen. Stm 2. SCuguft traf er in SJlainj ein unb rir[;tete I)ier eine iprofIama» 95 tion an ba§ beutfclje §eer. „^^ ubernel)me Ijeute," fo f(f)to^ er biefetbe, „ ba§ Sommnnbo iifier bie gefommlen 2tr» meen unb jte^e getroft in einen Sam)5f, ben unfre SSciter in IV.] S)ec beutfi!^=fratt5ofifii^c ^ctcg. 45 gleit^er Sage etnft ru'fimtjoll Beftanbeit. SDllt mir BlicEt ba§ ganje SSotertonb OertrauenSboH auf euc^. ©ott ber §err toirb mtt un|ver gerec^ten gebrungen unb erreid^te ant 12. 2tugn[t 'iSlanc^. SJtac SDtaljon tiatte fic^ Ireiter naS) Kf)aIon§ juriidgejogen, um ^ier feine Strmee neu gu organifieren. Sie {(eineren Seftungen in ben 2ioS3ogefen evgaben fid) ober hjurben etngefcfiloffen. Swi^ SSela^ gernng ©tragburgS entfenbete ber Sronprinj bie bobifdie Siuifion unb fjreu^ifdie Sruppenleile. Slnd^ bie 1 unb 2 SCrmee riidten Com 7. Stuguft ai in granfreid) bor, mit iljuen Sonig 5Bi[f)eIm, meldjer am 11. bie ©renje uberfd)ritt. Stctn= 215 me§ ging gerabe ouf 3)Ze| log, ^rinj g-riebric^ SJorl meljr fiibiuart^ auf ^ont^a^SKonffon. ®a befdito^ ber franjofifdie Dberfetb^err, SBajaine, SDJefe ttur befe|t §u l^alten, mit bem iV.] S)cr i>CMtf(i^=ffattsijfifd)c UthQ, 49 ®ro§ fetnet Sttmee aBer fic^ an bie 9JJoo§ nad^ SSerbun unb ireiter auf K:^aton§ juriicfjujie^en, fic^ f|tcr mtt 2JJac 3JfoI|on'§ iteugebitbeter Strmee gu tiereinigen unb bonn tntt etner ©tar!e 220 Don 300,000 aJlonn' bie entfd;etburtg§fd^Ioc^t ju Itefern. Siefen ^tan tnoUte man im beutjc^en §au^)tquartier urn fetnen ^rei§ jur SluSfii^rung getongen laffen, e§ follten sielmefir bie 1 unb 2 Slrmee tjereinigt bent 9l6jug be§ geinbeS fic^ ent= gegenj'tellen, t^n nac| 3Ke| jurudmerfen unb bort eingefc^toffen 225 ^alten. Siefe 5piane fii^rten ju ben gro^en, entj^eibenben ©d^tad^ten Bei 9Jie| am 14., 16. unb 18. Sluguft. SSor attem fam e§ barouf an Dor ben geinb ju fommen unb i:§m bie Strode noi$ SSerbun ju sertegen. ®a nun afier bie 2 9trmec tro| ber angeftrengteften SRarjc^e noc§ nic^t jotoeit ^eran ttior, 230 um biefe StBjic^t auSjufiifiren, fo ^iett bie 1 Slrmee am 14. burc^ bie ©c^Iad^t bei ©ourcelleS, D[ttid^ Dor ajJe|, bie granjofen feft unb getoann baburc^ einen Sag fiir ben Tiax^iS) ber 2 Slrmee. Sim 15. begonn ber Slbjug ou§ 2)le| nad^ SSerbun !^in. Ser i)oifer mit feinem ©o^n tear in ber SJlitte 235 ber 'Hxuppen, tierlie^ aber biefetben unb begab fid^ auf einem Umtoeg nad^ JBerbun, Don ba na^ K^aIon§. ©d^on l^ier tear er ein faft bebeutung§tofer 9JJonn, auf icetd^en man toenig fRiidEfid^t me!^r na^m. Sie Sranjofen toaren am 15. borfid^tig unb mit geringer ©d^nelligfeit morfd^iert, too^renb bie S)eut= 240 fc^en in ©itmarfd^en oorraartS gittgen. Sim 16. fatten bie borberften Sruppen bie Strafe nac^ SSerbun bei SJiarS la Sour erreic^t unb worfen fi(^, t^re geringe Qa()t nii^t ad^tenb, bem anbringeuben geinbe entgegen. ©ec^§' Stunben lang ^aben ^ier bie to^feren branbenburgifd[;en Stegimenter unter 245 (Senerat Don SllueuSleben ftanbge^alten ; mit gleid^em D^jfer^ mut bie ®arbe=Eat)otterie, beren ©c^mabronen ben feinblid^en 50 ^tftorifd^e erja^IungcM. [IV. geiierfc^Iunben entgcgenftiirmten unb tote niebergema^t bof|m» fanfen. ©nblii^ fam bie |)utfe fieran unb bie granjofen 250 tDurben in ber 5Ric^hing ouf 9JJe^ juriicEgebrongt. Urn teurer. 5j5rei§ teurbe biejer ©ieg be§ ^rht^en griebnc^ S?ort bet $Otar§ la S:our ober Sionsille errungen, benn ein ©ritteit ber fDocEeren I'cintpfer log tot ober bermunbet ouf ism ScfilacEitfelbe, ober ber ©rfolg wor entfc^eibenb. Sie SSereinigung ber feinb= 255 lii^en §eere mor gef)inbert. Stod) einmot berfuc^te e§ SSojoine, inelc^er fic^ and) ben ©teg be§ Kom)3fe§ tiont 16. jufi^rieb, ben SRiicEpg nod^ ffierbun ju erjtoingen; er riiftete ftc| om 17. fitr ben folgenben 2;og jur ©t^toc^t. Slber ou(| Sonig 2SiII)etm fiotte oHe feine Derttienbboren ^eerfc^oren ouf ba§ 26oImfe aRofelufer ^erongejogen. (Segen 12 U^r SJlittogS om 18. Sluguft fiegonn biefe flto«g ""^ ergeBen. S(^ tloBe i^m SBiKjelmS^o^e Bei Soffel jum 91ufentf|alt gegeBen." 3^oc§ on bemfelBen Sage trot ber taifer feine 3f?eife nod) 365 ®eutfc^(anb on; ber .tonig Serfammelte bie prften unb giil)rer be§ §eere§ urn fi^ unb fprac^ alien feinen ®an! au§, 54 ^iftorifc^e @rja()Iungett. [IV. mit fuljftorer SSetonung ba6ei an feme fiibbeutfc^en 9?erBun= beten fic^ toenbenb. SSoit :§ter ou§ ftteg ber S?onig ju $ferb 370 unb ritt 3U ben iEruppen in i^ren bcr?c^iebenen Sogern. SBeitljin fd^allenber SuBet empfing t^n uberoH. 3« gleid^er 3eit fiegann bie SBoffenftredung be§ fronjofijdien §eere§. S» ficten, au^er ben 25,000 ©efangenen be§ ^axi§, unb flii^teten nod^ 93elgien ober Sngtanb. 2)lit immer tieftigerem §a|, nid^t fetten nxit ma^rer S3rutatitat, tourbe bie 2lu§treibung ber Seutfd^en fortgefe^t. 420 SDie ©rtoartung unb ber 2Bunfd^ ouf beuifd^er Sette, burc^ einen ©teg, toie ber bei ©ebon e§ tear, ben grieben ju erreic^en, Iiatte fi(^ leiber ni(^t erfiittt. ^apohon III. ^atte bei jeiner ©efangenne'^mung ouf bie Slegentfc^aft Iiingeloiefen, unb biefe tt)or geftiirjt. Sefet mu|te ber Srieg forigefelt 425 hjerben unb jtoor unter biillig beronberten llniftonben. ^miig SSiII)eIm bef^Io^ bie SSieberoufnoIjme be§ 2?prmarfd^e§ ber 56 ^iftotifc^e @rj(t^Iungen. [iv. beiitftfjen ^eere auf i^nrtS uttb bte SBetogerung bie[er 9tiefeit= feftung, in ipeld^er noc^ tco'^t ii6er 50,000 Wann regulate 430 2:ru|)pen, in ollem abtv an 400,000 Tlann Setraffnete fid& iefanben. Sim 19. ©eptemBer toax bte ©injc^tiegung Don $nri» tiolleiibet Ser Smtig fiatte fein ^au^tquartier einige 3eit in gerrifereS, einem Suftfd;ro[fe Siot^i'd^ilb'! ; bom 5. . Dcto6er 06 uerfcgte er e§ nac^ 3?erfaiffe§. 435 ^od) im (ge)3tem6er ergofien fic^ bie geftungen %oul unb ©trapurg, jene am 23., biefe om 27. ®ie Hon Seutfi^tanb niemote bergeffene .^auptftabt be§ (£Ifo§ ^atte burc^ bie batb na(^ bem Sreffen Don SSei^enBurg beginnenbe Selagerung, lDeI(£;e ©encrat b. SBerber leitete, furd^tbar gelitten. Q^r 440 tapferer ©ommanbant, ©enerol U^rid^, tcieS bie me^rmate lBieberf)oIte Stitfforberung gitr llbergabe guriid. ©anje @tro§ert tDurben buri^ ba§ Sombarbement in ©(frntf^aufen berttianbelt, unerfe|tid^e SSerlufte on ®enftt)iirbtg!eiten unb ©i^ci|en ber Sun[t unb SBiffenfi^aft toaren ju beflagen. Unb 445 hjie I)oc^ maren bie Seiben unb bie SJlot ber SeboHerung in ber ungtiicflidicn ©tobt fdjon ge[tiegenl ©rft ot§ bie SSertei* bigungStbeufe fo tteit jerftort toaren, ba§ bie @r[tiirmung ber geftung unablrenbbar erfc^ien, tbelite bom alten SKiinfter bie mel^e gotjne. ®ie Sefa^ung ftredte am 28. ©e|Jtember 450 bie 23affen unb mitrbe in bie SriegSgefangenfc^aft gcfiifirt. Sie §auptaufga6e fur ba§ beutfcfie §eer tear nun bie iibcrloafttgung bon 5pari§, tceil nnter ben eingetretenen 95er= fiattniffen nur burc^ bie SSe^mingung ber ^lauptftabt baS (£nbe bs3 Sriege§ fierbeijufiifiren tear, ©benfo toar e§ ba§ Sid 455 ©ambetta'S, burd) immer neu aufgeftellte ^eere ^ari§ ju retten. ©0 traten elne SBeftarmee, gelbo^nlid^ Soirearmee genannt — eine 5Rorbormee — unb etlnaS floater auc^ eine IV.] Ser beutf(i^=ffatt5ijfif«l)c ^vicg. 57 £)[tarniee aitf ben ©t^aiUjIa^. ®egen jebe bicfer SIrnteen Icar bie gormiermtg einer beutj(^cn SIrmee notloenbig, unb ou|ei-= bem bie jatjlreic^en |)eere fiir bie 93etngerung t)on ^oriS unb 460 eine 3eit In«g au^ noc^ bon SKe^. ©oribaibi, toetcfier jc^on tnt grii^jafir 1870 ben SSunjc^ auSgefjjroc^en tiatte, noc^ emmot bie ftolje repubtifauifc^e go^ne gronfrei(^§ begriijicn unb an i^rer ©eite fed;ten ^u biirfen, "Earn je|t Don ©oprera Ijeriiber unb traf am 9. Oftober in SourS ein. §ier iibergab 465 man i^m ben Dberbefe^t u6er bie irregutciren Sru^jpen, tozidje. fid^ bet S3efan9on fammelten; footer befe^te er ©ijon. Sn alien uon ben ®entfc|en occn^ierten ©egenben follten ffeinere ober grij^ere SSanben bon granctireurS einen ©ueriHofrieg fii^ren. 6§ War eine bunte, feltfonte ©i$ar, bie fid; um 47° ©aribatbi gufammengefnnben !^atte, gtud^ttinge au§ ben t)er= fc^iebenften Sanbern ®uro)3a§, Slbenteurer aHer Strt, bie einen bom ganatiSmuS ifirer S^een, bie anbern bon blower fRaufluft l^ergefiil^rt. ®enn in biefem SSoIfSfriege gegen bie ®eutf(^en tonrben otte Seibenfcfiaften aufge[tod^eIt, atte a]'Jittet fiir eriaubt 475 gefialten, auc^ 3JJeineib unb SSerrot, unb bie bem SJJeuc^elmorb dfiulic^e SucEe. SSenn auc^ bie ®ef(^ic^te ber ^jotriotifdjen ^ingcbung gran!reid;§ i^re Slnerfennung nic^t berfagt, fo ift iod) jene |)ingebung gar l^aufig burc^ fioBIic^e 3uge entftellt unb ^erobgeloiirbigt worben. Siner ber fc^timmften SSorfoHe 480 biefer SIrt Icar bie Sreulofigfeit bei ber Ubergabe ber Seftung Coon, 9. ©e)3tember. 2tl§ bie beutfi^en 3;ru)3|3en jufolge ber Eapitulntion in bie ©itabette einmarfc^ierten, ttiurbe ein $ul= bermagajin in bie Suft gef^irengt unb ein grower Seil ber SJJauuid;aft getotet. 485 ©otc^em SSiberftaube enlfprai^en auf beutfd^er ©eite bie SInftrenguugen unb Seiftungen ber 2;rui3pen, bie SBefonneul^elt 58 ^tftodfc^c ersa^Imtgen. [iv. ber ^eerfii^ruitg unb bie D:pferttittIig!eU bafieim im aSotcr= lottbe. ^n ben uner{)6rtett SSefc^toerben unb ®rangfoten be§ 490 SSetogeruitgSfriegeS bor $ari§ unb 2JJc^ lua^renb ber I)erb[t= Iicf)en unb 'm'mttxlid^zn . '^a^xt^tit geigten fief) bie beutfcljen ^rieger ebeufo betDunbernSluiirbig, lt)ie in bem ®etuiif)I grofeer ©c^(ad)ten. $5mmer ncue SriegSfc^aren jogen nad) granfreic^, unb oiel ^eermateriot, 6efonber§ ftl)itiere§ 93eTagerung?gei'c[)ii^ 495 nebft imerme^ticfien 3}lnnition§tiDrraten muBte Dor 5part3 f)tn= gejd}afft merben. 9ii(f;t minber gro|artig tear ber SBetteifer liebeooHer giirforge im SSatertonb,_um ben im ^fetbe fte^enben Srufjpen bie S3ef(f)Werben be§ SriegStebcnS ju linbern unb ju txUid)texn; BefonberS i^errlic^ a6er ber ©ifer i^elfenber Sie6e 500 in ber 5pflege ber tierlounbeten unb erfranften JJrieger. ^od) niemalS, \o lange e§ Sriege giebt, fiat ein ganjeS SSot! in \o reii^er unb o^ferlDiHiger Seitnafime unb Sarmfierjigfeit \\d) gejeigt, toie in biefem S?rieg ba§ beutf(f)e SSoIf. Sn ben erften SBoc^en ber Setagerung tion ^ari§ gefd^of) 505 ni(f)t§ Entfc^eibenbeS. ?tu einen ©turm auf bie Sorts, ber nur mit ungef)curen O^jfern f)atte Srfolg I)aben fonnen, iwrbe in ber beutfd^en §eerfiif)rung ni(^t gebocfit; bie ^erbeifcTjaffung ber grofeen 93elagerung§gefd;ii^e luar unfciglid^ fcfilDierig unb braucl;te Oiet g^it; man £)offte 5Pori§ mit feiner ©inWofinerjalt 510 Don faft 2 SOiiHionen in nid^t longer geit burc| §unger ju fcejloingen. Sl6er e§ ertnicS fic^ ia^ aU eine S;aufc^ung. SScnn and) tinn einer ftjir!(icfien Serprobiantierung uic^t bie SRebe fein fonnte, fo toax bie §auptftabt boi^ mit einer a)lenge Hon fielbenSmitteln t)er!ef)en unb nic^t fofort traten Gntbeljrung S 1 5 unb 3lot ein. Ser ©lanj al§ erfte SujuSftabt ber SSelt luar oUerbingS berfc^inunben, ber SSerfe^r befdjranfte fid; auf bo§ SebiirfniS unb ftott be§ iiplsigeu %xdhen§ auf ben gro^en IV.] ®ct beutfc^sfransiiflfc^c ^ieg. 59 ^pta^en, ftatt be» bunten ©eteu^tel in ben ©traBen erfiiHte fie iaS ©erciufef) ber ejercierenben SBataittone. Slber bie bro= l^enben ©d;re(fnvffe einer longer bauernben Setagerung unbszc ba§ bamafg fcEion mit Ijo^er SSoiirfd^einUcfifett borauSjufel^enbe 6nbe tooren bDt| nur luenigen erfennfiar. 2Kon getoann fetfift biefen 3itfta«ben einen bie ©itelfeit unb ben Sunfel befrie^ bigenben SReij ab. ®er erfinberififie SSerjuc^, bur^ SBrieftau= Ben unb SuftboIIon§ einen SSerfe'^r ntit ber Slulenlcett ju 525 betoertftettigen, trug biel ju ber ermartungStioIIen ©ponnung ber ©emiiter bei, befonberS aber unterl)ielt ia§ unaufprticl;e SSomborbement bon ben Sort§ auf bie Sinien ber Selogerer unb bie fic^ h)ieberI)oIenben StugfdHe, anfangtid) juerft in fiiblic^er IRii^tung unternommen, eine rulietofe Slufregung. 530 SDtan l^iett e§ fiir unmoglii^, ba^ ^jJariS fallen fonne; man f)0]]tt auf einen ®ntfo| bon ber Soirearmee ober bon einem Snrd)bru(f)e SSajaine'S. Stuf bie SSilbung ber Soireormee ibor bie nac^fte ©orge ber Vi^obiforifc^en fRegierung geriditet geliiefen. Sllle biefe 535 ueugebilbeten ^eereiteite tourben bon bent bairifc^en ©enerat b. b. 2:anrt ongegriffen unb gefd^tagen, unb Orleans befe|t, 11. Gftober. SIber ber raftlofen Sfiotigfeit ®ambetto'§ gelang eg, bie gerf^jrengten ©d^aren gu fammetn, gu erganjen unb fo in toenigen SBodien tbieber eine 3lrmee bon 70,000 3Kann 3u= 540 fontmen ju bringen, ju beren Dbergeneral SturelleS be ^oIa= bine ernannt iuurbe. Hm Sille, 2tmien§ unb in ber SfJorinanbie bilbete (Senerat S3ourba!i, frii^er 93efeI)I§t;aber ber foiferlir^cn ©orbe, bie Siorbarmee. S3ei biefer Sage ber ®inge toenbetcn fid^ bie 5SItcfe mit tag= 545 lic^ fteigenber ©rtoartung nad^ SKel l^in, beffen ©infd^IieBung Pine gro|e Slrmee unb einen betbol^rten gelbi^errn noc^ immer 60 ^i^ovi^fffc ©rja^Iungen. [iv. tjott bent anberit XE'rieggfc^aupIo^ fern l^iett. (£nb(ic^ fiet bie[e noc^ nie be^njungene ge[titng. Sajdne ^atte tm SDtonat ©ep« 550 temfier met;rmat§ fleine SluSfalle gemac^t, um iro ntogttc^ einige SRofiranggmittet in bie geftmtg ju firtngen, h)o SJlanget itnb SRot fc^on fef^r fuf|{6ar rtjurben. ®ie SSorrate fc^manben bnl;in, man fc^fod^tete bie ^ferbe ber ©otiollerie, auii) bo§ ©al3 ging ju Snbe. S)a§ Slenb burc^ bie im ©efolge ber SS5 SJJot einrei^enben Slronf^eiten ftieg bon S^og ju Sag. Stm 2. unb am 7. October unternafint SBojaine nod^ einmol l^eftige SluSfatle, um fic^ burcfijufc^ragert. ®er ^ompf ftiitete tief in bie Sftai^t Iiinein, 6i§ e§ enblic^ bem !§etbenmutigen SSiberftanb ber ^preuBen, namentlic^ ber Sanbtce^r unter ©eneral Summer 560 getang, bie granjofen juriid ju toerfen. SJiun berfu(|te Sajaine nod; burd) llnter!)anb(ungen in SSerfoiHeS (©enerat S3ot)er) fein ©djicfjol ju toenben, auc^ ta^ btieB erfoIgIo§. ©0 ■jwangen itin hunger unb §offnung§tofigteit ju Unter{|anb= lungcn mit bem ^rinjen griebrid) Sl'arl unb om 27. Dftober 565 ujurbe bie Kopitutation abgefc^toffen. ®rei aJlorjc^aHe, 6000 Offi^iere, 145,000 Wlam unb 30,000 SSerhJunbete unb Sranfe tourben friegSgefongen. Me fe[ten $ta|e Seutfd|Ianb§, bom ©iiben 6i§ jur JJorbfee unb jur SBeidijel ^in tnaren mtt gcfongenen gronsofen angefiifft, beren Qa^l mm gegen 350,000 570 betrug. Unter ben oicten au^erorbentlic^en ©reigniffen bie{e§ Kriege§ icar bie ginjcf)tiepnng unb SSejlningung einer fo grogen Slrmee unb einer fo ftarfen geftung eineS ber 6ebeu= tenbften. ®ie bor SKe^ freigehjorbenen ©treitfrafte Wurben mm fiir 575 toeitere Operationen berioenbet. ©§ hntrben au§ biefen %xup' ^en jiDei §eere gebiCbet. ®a§ fteinere unter ©eneral b. aJtanteuffel marfd)ierte gegen bie Storbarmee ; ^prinj griebric^ IV.] Scr iictttf^=fJ^«»wjofif«^c Slrieg. 61 iTarl tuenbete \\d) mtt bent gro^eren §eere iifier Srot)e§ unb ©euS gegen bte Soiuearmee. §ier gtug 2litreIIe§ be ^alabine jitin SIngvlff i'lbev, um tier ber Slntunft be3 ^rinjen ben 580 ©suerat D. b. %a\m juriiif gu loerfen unb 6i§ SSerfaiHeS t)or= jubruigen. Drlcan§ mufete tion ben SDeutfi^en aufgegefien hjerben, fie tonrben am 9. ^Slo'oem'bix bei KoutmierS burd^ ben brcifac^ u6ertegenen ^mxii jum Sliicfsug genotigt. SSeiter a6er t)ermo[f)te 2tureHel ni(^t ju fommen. Ser Oro^^erjog grteb= 585 xid) granj Don 2JiecE(en6urg=8(^n)erin, ttetc^er ben D6er6efe£)t iifier eine l^ier neu jufammengefelte Slrmee (SJiorbbeutfcIje, Solent unb §effen) er^Iten I;atte, ffjrengte bie Don Semon§ ]§er anbrangenben Sranjofen ouSehtanber. ^n $ari§ ^otte bie 3Jac^rid;t ber KapituTatton Don 3}ie| eine erbitterte ®a^= 590 rung ergeugt, ber SKaugel an 2e6cn§nuttetn IJegann '\d)v fiif)t= Bar gu luerben, unb mel^rere erforgto§ geMiebene SluSfoHe ertj6f)ten bie ©ereijtl^eit ber SSotfSutoffe. ®ie gii^rer jener fociaUftii'djen $artei, luefc^e, atte ftaatli(^e Drbnung t)ern)er= fenb, bie ^errfc^oft ber ©tabtgemeinbe, b. I), ben Serrori§mu§ 595 ber SJlaffe, oufric^ten tnottten, ginubten, ber giinftige 2lugen= bticf fiir fie fei getomnteu. Unter Stnfii^rung be§ Eomniuniften 5-touren§ iiberfielen am 31. Dftober beluaffnete SSotfS^ufen ba§ ©tnbt{)au§, ben ©i^ ber Segierung, forberten bie @in= fe^ung eiuer ©ommune, b. 'i). eine» biftatorif^cn ®emeinbe= 600 rates, unb nafimen Srod^u, guteS %atixe unb anbre SKitgtieber ber fRegierung gefangen. S3alb aber riiiJte bie SJJationoIgarbe unter bent 5Rufe „ (£§ lebe bie Hte^ubUf 1" l^eran, bcfreite bie Giefangenen unb sereitelte bie $Idne ber Eommuniften. 9?oc^ Dor bem StuSbruc^ biefer Seiuegung ^atte bie SRegierung, Don 605 ber SRot in S^ax'iS unb ber aufriif;rerif(fien ©tintntuug gebrdngt, burd; S^ierS' Unterfianblungen toegen eineS SS3affenftiEftanbe§ 62 0tftoi-if(I)c (Srso^Ittttgcn. [IV, in SScrfailleS eingelettet, tcdi^e jebod^ on ber Unmogttcfifeit, ber protJiforii'tfjen 9ieglentng bie ffierprobtantierung ton ^orig 6io 3u 6elt)illigen, jd;etteru mu^ten. (Sambetta fiatte ble fitrjett ©rfotge ber Sotrearmee Benit^t, urn ton eirem gtanjenbcn Sriump^ ber fran3i)ytfd^en SBoffen oiel Sf{uf)men§ 311 nta^en «nb bn§ fratijoiifdje SSoIf burcf) bie Stugfidjt auf bie SSefreiimg boit 5Pari§ gum fieftigften 2Siber= -615 ftatib 3U etttflantmen. 93iirger unb SSaiiern jeigten bie feinb» jefigfte ©efinnung gegen bie beutfd^en S;rut)fen uitb no!§men ba unb bort fogar on ben Sompfen teil. 6§ fonnte nid^t ou§= bldfien, bofe oud; bie Seutfd^en mit Srbitternng erfiillt murben unb bo§ bie 50JiUtar6eI)iJrben fic^ gu SfJepreffatien geniitigt 620 fatten, hiefd^e bann nut furc[;t6arer ©trenge bun^gefii^rt tDur= ben. Ser Srieg nni^te in inimer Iiciufigeren gotten etnen I;Qrten unb ftjilben E^orofter onneljmen. Sn Sidncirfcfien hior ^rinj Sriebric^ ®orI mit ber 2 2trmce ton 3}fe^ f)er Ijerongefommen imb begonn feinen Setbjiig 625 gegen bie Soireormee. ®iefe I)atte bie 21&jic^t iiber SDntatne= bteou no^ *Pari§ borjnbringen, eriitt ober in ber ©c^tocfit bei Seaune4o=3^olonbe, 2S. Stotiember, eine Siieberkge. Ein tteiterer, mefir o[ttic| gemod;ter Serfucf) eine§ ®urcf|brudi§ hjurbe bei Soignl) tiereitett. ©leic^jeitig ge)(^a'^ ein grower 630 2iu§foII a\i§ ^ori§, 30. SloDember, rtelc^er betcieS, mit melcEier Gnergie eine SSenbung ber ©ituotion erglDungen toerben joHte. 2(6er bie granjoien hjurben am 2. Sejember toieber nod) ^ari§ gurudgelDorfcn, unb bie Soirearmee mu^te nod; cinem liiertagigen SlomlDf bei Drteons in grojser SSerluirnmg nnd^ 635 (Siiben entflie()en. Uber 14,000 ©efangene unb tiiel ©efdjii^, oud) t)ier armierte gtu^bompfer, fielen ben Seutfdieu in bie §anbe; jie jogen am 5. Sejember toieber in Orleans ein. IV.] Ser i>eutf«^=frrtn5ofifd)C ^icg. 63 §tucelle§ be ^alabine muBte feitt Kommanbo on (Seiterot E^anjt) obgekit. ®te^er Bel^iett obex nur bie eine ^citfte ber £oirearmee, bie SSeftormee, bie anbre ii6erua!int ©enerot 93our= 640 6a!i at§ Dftarmee. S)ie bi§I)er in SourS tieriDeilenbe S;ele= gation ber protiijorifd^en SRegierung njurbe nad) SSorbeauj tier= legt, 10. Sejemkr. ^n einer langen 9iei^e toon ®efed)ten unb etttfc^=frottsbfiftf)c Svicg. 65 Setfort. 2tt§ banit bie Dftarmee unter SBovirBaH ntit U6er= tnad^t fieraTtjog unb icettn e§ t{)r gefang ju fiegen, ntit einer 93eje|itng ber 3?er6inbung§Iinten 5h)ii(^en ben ©eutfc^en i« 7°° gronfreid^ unb ber §eimot, bieUetc^t fngar ntit einent Sinfatt in ©iibbentft^Ianb brol^te, ba ging SSerber ntit feinen 28,000 SOJaitn tior Sourba!i'§ 150,000 Ttann Don Sijon big in bie ^aijt Son Selfort juriicE unb ftellte jic^ Bei ^ericourt auf, um bie ©ntj'efeung SetfortS ju berl^inbern unb Sour6afi'§ SKarfc^ 70s auy^ul^alten. .^ier eretgneten fi(^ am 15. 16. 17. ^anuar emig benfmitrbige Sampfe, in toetdien SSerber§ tobesntiitige §elbenf(|ar ntit unerjd^iitterlic^er ©tanb^aftigfeit ben ©ntjc^tu^ bur^fiil^rte : „ l^ier fontmt nientanb burc^." $8our6afi mu^te feinen Sormarfi^ oufgeben unb tcollte fic^ fiibtid^ ouf St)on7io ju hjenben. 2l6er ©enerat 0. SUlanteuffel, lt)etd;er je^t bo§ Sontntanbo ber beutf^en ©itbarntee eriiotten l^atte, fittirte jinet :|jreu§ifc^e SIrmeecor)3§ Iierfiet. 5Diefen t)on gran^ed'^ unb Sftfti^oto Befef)tigten Sru^jfjen getang e§, in SSerbinbung ntit bent ta^feren SSerber ba§ §eer aSourfiafi'g in ben tointerlii^ 715 unltiirtbaren Sfialern be§ ^uxa gu untftellen. D^ne I)in= reic^eitbe SBeKeibung, entblogt Don 9'Ja'^rung§ntitteIn, \a fogar an SSaffen unb SSJlunition 2JlangeI leibenb, ^atte biefel |)eet !eine anbere SBol^t bor Slugen, oI§ Sa^iitutation ober ben il6ertritt iiBer bie ©renje in bie ©d^toets. Stm 29. ganuor 720 Begonnen bie S^iutfcfien ii^ren Slngriff unb je|ten if|n ant 30. unb 31. fort. Saglit^ fturben bie aSerlufte grower, f(I;Dn toaren 15,000 granjofen gefangen, itniner ungeorbneter niurbe .bie gtu(^t. ©enerat 93ourba!i fegte eerjnjeifefnb bie |)anb on \id) fetbft, boc^ ging bie Sugel fefil unb er bermnnbete fid; 725 nur. ©ein SRad^foIger ©linc^ont trat in Unter^nnblungen ntit bem fi^meijerifd^en ©eneral ^erjog, ber bie ®renje 6e» 66 ^iftofifdjc ©rjol^IuMgett. [IV. tuat^te, unb jo rettete fid^ om 1. gcfiruar btefe fronjofifc^e Slnnee, nod; 83,000 Mann ftorf, 6ci ^ontarlier in bie 73° ©cE)lucij. Sw efenbeften S#onbe ^ier mtlommenb tourben biefe ©craven Don bent SDlitleib unb ber ffiarmfiergigfeit ber ©dliretjer cm^jfangen. ®Qri6atbi'§ Kor)3§ tnar bei ®ijon Don einem freiuen ^eerl^aufen bef(f|aftigt toorben; nod^ ber ffatoftroplje ber Cftormee gtng er auf £t)on 5urucE. SSatb 735 barauf tegte er jein Sommanbo nieber unb ging nad^ Ka^rera gurutf, reid^er gemorben unt eine gro^e ©nttciufd^ung, a6er nid^t reid^er an adu^m. Stm 16. gebruor ergab fi(^ bo§ :§ort= uadEig berteibigte SBelfort infolge eine§ ouf bertragSma^ige UBergaBe Inutenben 93efef|I§ bon ^nUxi Sobre. 74° ®enn all 93eIfort fapitulierte unb bte Dftarmee nad^ ber ©(^loeij gebrangt luurbe, Itiar Dor 5pari§ BereitS SSoffenru^e eingetreten. SBir fiafien in unierm U6erbtid borjugSttjeiie ber SDlcirfd^e unb Sanipfe gegen bie franjofifi^en Slrmeen im SBeften, SZorbeu unb Often unb ber SSei^tuerben in ber S'dtte 745 unb ben €d^nee)'turmen ber ttinterlid^en Sot^reSjeit gebad^t; nun gebenfen toir ouc^ ber Stnftrengungen be§ SSelagerungS^ I;ecre§ tior ^ari§. Sa§ aSombarbement Don ben gort§ fiorte feinen S^ag ouf, ber SSor^Joftenbieuft tear eben fo BefdfilDerlid^ oil gefaf)rt)oIf, unb bie fi^ toieberfiolenben fteineren unb "'5° gro^eren StuSfoUe fii^rten oft fe^r bebeutenbe unb btntige ©ei"ed;te l^crbei. Slnfdngtic^ waren bie StuSfatte jumeift nad^ ©iiben gcrid)tet, ont 29. Dftober braugen bie gronjofen norb= b^tlii) fefir ^eftig anf Se SSourget tior, unb nnr mit grower SCnftrengung njoreu fie juriidjutreiben. ®en ftiirfften StuSfaH 755 unternaf)m 2rod)U, loie fc^on erhia^nt, am 30. Sflobember. liber 100,000 SKonn bracken in jjiboftli^er SRic^tung gegen bie ©tellung ber isa^fen unb ber iSiirttemberger bor unb IV.] Scr &ctttfc^=fvan3oftf(^c Strtcg. 67 tro§ be§ l^elbenntuttgfteit SSiberftanbe§ iiliel3en bie S)orfer SBrte itnb E^anipignt) in ber ^anii ber granjofen. Sim 2. ®e= gemfier tourben fie juriid ero6ert, bod^ fofteten biefe @5efecf)te 760 ben Seutfd^en an 5000 SOiann. SSergeiilid^ Iror and; ont 21. Sejember ein nod^inaltger StnSfall ouf £e S3ourget. ©0 fd^hianb bie ^offnung, ben eifernen SRing, ben bie SSelagerer urn 513ari§ gejogen l^otten, bitrd^brec^en ju fonnen, unb ou^ bie §offnung ouf ®ntfa| niu^te fi^ aU trugtic^ ermeifen. 7^5 Sangft fd^on brudte ber SKonget an SebenSmitteln, frifc^eS gleifc^ feljtte feit bent 9iot)em6er; man fc§ta(^tete 5Pferbe, §unbe, ^a|en, unb fet6ft Statten tnaren ein gefud^ter SIrtifel. ®a§ SSrennmateriat ging ju ®nbe unb Bet bem SRanget an ©teinfol^ten fel^tte ba§ ®o§ jur 93eleuc§tung ber ©tra^en unb 770 5pia|e. SSon SSoc^e ju SBod^e ftieg bie ^Rot, hunger unb Mite rafften bie SSeDoIferung in f(^recE6arer ©tetgerung ber Ster6= li^feit '^inmeg, unb mie ftanb'^aft auc| bie ^arifer otte biefe fieiben unb ba§ fiittere ®Ienb ertrugen, fo fafien fie bod^ ben Sog !^eranna^en, too bie Se6en§mittel Diitlig ju ®nbe fein 775 joiirben. 3" biefen SSebrdngniffen gefeHten fid^ bie ©c^reden be§ om 27. Sejember eroffneten SBomborbementS. ®§ rid^tete fi(^ juerft gegen ben SJlont Slbron unb bie iiftlid^en gortS, bom 5. Sonwar an oud^ gegen bie ©iibfortS. 2Kitten in biefen ber Ie|ten ©ntfc^eibung jueilenben Sogen 780 be§ erbittertften SampfeS bottsog fid^ in SSerfaitteS ein Sift be§ {JriebenS, ttenngleii^ tion t)otfergef^tc|tIic^er SBebeutung. 3lai^bem fct)on im Stotiemfier 1870 infolge einer Slufforberung Sonig SublDtg§ II. Don SSaiern bie beutfd^en gurften fid^ bereinigt :^atten bem Sonige Don ^JSreu^en bie SSiirbe etue§ 785 beutf^en SaiferS ju iibertragen, iBurbe om 18. ^anuar, bem Soge ber ©rinnewng an bie bor 170 ^af)xen ju ^onigSberg 68 ^iftocifc^c ©rjal^Iuttgcn. [IV. boff^ogcne ©rfjeBimg ^reiiBenS jitm ^onigreid^e, tm ©piegel= faate be§ SSerfaiaer ©ditofjeS SSil^etm I. ote beutfdjer 790 Katfer auSgerufen itnb in einer bafiei berlefenen 5ProfIoma= tion on ba§ beutfd^e 9SoI! bie 2Bieberaiifri(^timg be§ beutfc^en SfJeic^eS erflart. ®atntt toor nidit otleitt fur bie beutf^e 3'Jation ber Slbf^Iufe etner raitgfamett unb unru^ebollen (Jnt= toidlung erreic^t unb bie ©ic^erung einer frafttiollen Sufunft 795 getnonnen, ouc^ bem grieben &nxopa§ toor burd^ iaSi geeinigte Seutjc^Ionb bie fi(^erj'te S3iirgfc^aft gcgeben. Smmer nailer riicften unterbeffen bie fur(^t6aren SSotterten ber 93etogerer unb fc^on erreic^ten bie ©efc^offe ben ^aiaft Sujemfiourg unb iaS $}5antJ|eon. SBut unb berjttieifelter 800 Srol fietoegtcn bie Sebolferung, unb jErocfiu mugte, bem Srangen nadjgeBenb, noc^ einen StuSfaH hiagen. Slnt 19. Scinuor jogen u6er 100,000 SKann in ber 3lid)tung nai, SSerfailleS gum S^om^fe au§. ©ie rturben mit einem SSertufte ben 7000 SJtann gitrucfgelcorfen. SRun trat Sroc^u ben 80s Oberfiefef)! an ©eneral SSinot) ah. 6§ Inar unmogti^, ^aria longer ju f)alten. ^viU§ gabre Begab fi(^ nod) SSerfoiffeS unt Untertjonbtungen tcegen eine§ SSoffenftiHftonbeS anjU' !uupfen, 23. Sonuor. 3laii) SSefeittgung einiger ©c^mierig- !eiten tuurbe bie I'a}3itutotion am 26. ganuar obgefi^tofien, 810 um 12 llfir in ber SRoi^t jum 27. berftummte ber Sonnei ber ©efc^ii^e in ben gortS unb in ben bentfc^en SBottericn ®ie SSerlDrooiantierung Don ^oriS rturbe geftattet ; bie Sort? tDurben ubergeben, bie Sinientrup^ien unb bie 3Jlo6itgorbt' iDurben friegSgefongen, blieben ober in $ari§ ; bie ^Rational* 815 garbe bef)iett bie SBoffen fiir ben ©id^er!^eit§bien[t. Stuii freien 2Saf)ten fieruorge'^enb fottte binnen titerjefin S^agen eine uber Srieg unb grieben entfd^eibenbe SSerfommtuni/ icutj(^=fi;att5oftfrf)c Scieg. 69 SJfanteuffet itnb 93our6aft ftiaren in btej'en S[Baffen[ti(I[tanb ttii^t eingeji^Ioffen. S)ie ©tabt 5Pari§ ja'^Ite eine £ontri6u= 820 tion tion 200 araaiottett groncS. 5Die lonftitmerenbe SScrjamintog tourbe om 12. ge'6ritar in SSorbeauE eroffnet. ©amfietta trat bom ©^oupla^ feineS fiifinen, abet erfolgtofen SSirfenS juruif, bie ^robiforiic^e 3iegierung legte i^re ©emalt nieber. StjierS icurbe gum E^ef 82 ; ber EEecutttigertalt bcr franjofifd^en 9?e^3ubli! gema^tt. Saut unb energifd^^erl^oB fid^ baS SSertangen nat| 93eenbigung beS ^tege». S[;ier§ unb guteS gatjre, toetc^er in ba§ neue SKinifteriunt eingetreten tear, gingen nad) aSerfailleS, urn bie grieben§Der^nbIungert gu Beginnen. Stm 26. %ehxuax 830 tourben nacEi langen SSer^anblungen bie Son ©rof 93i§mard mit unerfiittlic^er geftigfeit burd^gefe|ten gorberungen Seutf(^= Ianb§ angenommen unb bie ^roliminorien abgefdjtoffen. S3t§ jur 93eftatigung berfelben burc^ bie SSerfantmtung in SBorbeou^ tourben bie toefttidjen ©tabtteite Don ?Pari§ burd^ 30,000 835 ajJann beutfd^e Srup^en befe^t. Jlod^bem Soifer SBil^elm uber biefe Srupjien in 2ongd§ani^3§ an ber ©renje be§ 53oi§ be SBoutogne ^eerfd^au geiiolten l^atte, jogen fie om 1. SDtarj ein unb fogerten auf ben el^feifd^en gelbern; bod^ Dertie^en fie f(^on am 3. SUarj bie §auj3t[tabt, benn bie SRationoItier' 840 fonnntung l^atte fid^ beeitt, bie ^Praliminarien ju gene|migen. SJlit ^eftiger innerer SrfdEiiitterung l^atte 2:^ier§ bie fd^toeren Sebingungen berfiinbigt, ober bie Stottoenbigfeit be§ griebenS brangte ben SSerfud^ be§ SBiberfjjrud^S jurM. ^ierauf tiolljog au^ Saifer SSil^etm om 2. ajJorj bie ^roUminarien. Qnuiger 845 S)onI gegen ®ott, gegen bie 2lrmee unb boS SSoterlonb erfiiHtc bei biefer SSoIIenbung be§ f^treren ©riegStoerleS bo§ ^erj be§ greifen SJlonord^en. gronlreid^ trot ®Ifo§ (mit 3Iu§fdE|tu§ bon SSelfort), ®eutfd§=Sot:^ringen mit "SRe^ unb Sil^ionbiHe on 70 ^i^toti^Oft ©rja^lMttgett. [IV. 850 ®eutf[I;tanb 06 unb ber^jftiifitete fic| jur So'^tung ton fitnf SKittiarben g-rancS £rieg§fo[ten, big gu beren Slfitragung beutfcEie Srii)3pen Beftimntte ©egenben gronfrei^S, and) Set fort, Bejelt I)alten fotttett. Stnt 7. SJlarj berlteB ber Saifer aSerfaitteg, loo er feit bem 5. DctoBer fein §auptquartier 855 gef)a&t ^Qtte. S" i^E" Sogen tiorfier Iiielt er nod) iiber ba§ @orbecor:p§, bann il6er bie boirifdien, jac^fifcr;en unb tDurttem» Bergifc^en Sruppen ^eerf(^ou ab. S" cin^ni 2trnieebefef)t Don SRanct) ait§, 15. SKarj, no^m ber Satjer Slbfc^ieb bon feinem gtDrrei(^en §eere unb ban!te U)m fitr feine Zap^txtdt «nb 860 3tu§bauer. Uberall in S)eut[c§Ianb fd^ottte i^m unb ben ifint jur Seite ftefienben SJJannern ber Suruf inniger SehJunberung unb E^rerbfetung entgegen; in Reiner ^au)3fftobt hiurbe ber l^eimtef)renbe ©iegclfiirft om 17. 2JJarj ntit einem unermeB» Ii{iien Si'bel ber ffiegeifterung eni|)fnngen. Stm 21. Sfffarj 865 eroffnete ber Saifer ben erfien beutfdjen JReicEiStog unb \ifxad) am Sd)ln^ feiner in^oltfc^meren 3f?ebe ben SSunJd) au§, bofi bem gtorreidjen ^riege eine ebenfo glorreic^e griebenSjeit folgeu ntijge. ®te SSevfianblungen junt 2lbfd|IuB be§ befini» tioen griebenS ntit gran!retc^ follten nun in Srujfel ftatt« 870 finben; ba fid^ bie[eI6en ober in bie Songe jogen, traf giirft aSiSmarcE mit gobre in gronffurt 0. 3Jl. jujommen unb l^ier tourbe bol griebenShierf om 10. Mai 1871 bottenbet. ®ut($ biefen grieben errtarb Seutfi^tanb ^rooinjen juriii, hietdtie i'^m Dor longer ^dt buxd) etgene ©c^moc^e unb bie ©c^Ioufieit 875 gronfreid^S Derloren gegongen tearen. ©iner ber gro^ten Sriege oHer geiten, feit bielen SoI|i-"|unberten ber erfte, iuetc^en 5Deutf($tonb oCeln mit feiner Kroft burc^geftritten t;otte, hior fiegreic^ beenbet, unb — biefe§ tcor ber !E|errIicfifle ©iege§:prei§ — bo§ beutf^e SSoIt ^otte fic^ in ben Sdm))fen unb ©iegen 880 felbft toiebergefunben. NOTES NOTES CONRADIN VON SCHWAEEN. The German Emperors had for a long time cherished the idea of bringing Naples and Sicily under their dominion. Their own tenure of power, owing to incessant internal feuds, being insecure, they were anxious to establish a firm footing in Italy and exercise supremacy over the Popes. The plan originated with Frederick I. (Barbarossa), and was carried on by his grandson, Frederick II. Hence the Popes were in constant conflict with the Emperors, whom they excommunicated upon the slightest provocation. Frederick II., who inherited the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily, was under the guardianship of Pope Innocent II., who set him on the German throne in opposition to a usurper, Olho IV. He was therefore Emperor of Germany, King of Naples and Sicily, and also, by inherit- ance, Duke of Suabia. He reigned forty-one years (1209-1250). His third wife was Isabella, daughter of King John of England. 1. feinc^ filters. 'A boy of twelve years of age' is expressed either by etii Stiobe »on jiuolf 3a{>veu or etn jn)6Ifid(;ri9er SnoBe. 2. t)crfc|)ieben. Like (lerbeii, Bctfrfjettien, 'to expire,' being a neuter verb of motion, i.e. motion from one state into another, from life into death, is conjugated with fctll. 3. SilbUlig, 'culture.' greilllb. Say 'patron.' 4. bajll, ' in addition to this,' ' as well as.' 5. bcr ^apft. Titles preceding a proper name usually take the article. 7. The Holienstaufens took their name from the castle of Hohen- staufen in Suabia, built about the middle of the eleventh century by 73 74 ^tftorifd)c ©rjii^Inngen. [L Friedrich von Biiren, who derived his title from it. His son rose in the estimation of the German Emperor, Henry IV., and obtained the hand of his daughter and the duchy of Suabia. The Hohenstaufens carried on constant feuds with the Popes and the party of the Guelphs, /Bid after various vicissitudes of fortune Conrad III. was elected Emperor in 1138. His nephew, Fredericlc I. (Barbarossa), succeeded him, and the race became extinct by the death of Conradin in 1268. 7. crtcf^en. See note on 1. 2. 9. ^eimfatlcn, 'to lapse.' II. cifdmpfen. jlaiiipfcn is simply 'to fight,' erfampfen 'to fight and obtain.' A good example of the force of the prefix er. fproi^ . . . ah. SlfcfptCC^flt, properly speaking, means to deprive of by a judge's verdict (®pru$), then to deprive by authority. 14. (£(^0n implies that an event takes place sooner than expected. Translate ' as early as.' Conrad had only reigned four years. im 9teapClttantf4)en. The adjective is sometimes used to denote a whole province. SaS 2Eurttembergif(^e, for ffiittttcmberg, etc. 17. ^OtirnbitlO is the Italian diminutive of Conrad. He was so called because he was so young when he succeeded his father. 20. SSormitnb. From a Middle High German word, munt, signify- ing 'protection,' 'hand,' perhaps connected with Lat. manus. 'A ward ' is 5D?unbe(, m. and f. ; 'of age,' miitltig. ^cfttg, 'hot-tempered.' 22. ferttg fprecben (or reben) Is to have a thorough (conversational) knowledge. We might say 'to speak fluently.' 23. IDie et betltt . . . gcbic^tCt ^at, 'having composed.' A more common way of expressing it would be tllbcm Cr . . . gctic^tct ^flt. 25. inntg, lit. 'inward,' 'heartfelt.' Say here, 'close.' 26. gricbtil^ BOn Ofterrcic^. The Pope nominated Hermann von Eaden to the Austrian throne, and he made his entry into Vienna, but died in 1250. His son Frederick styled himself Frederick of Austria, but was never acknowledged. n)ie i^m. The i^m is not governed by Wii, which is a con- junction, but is in apposition to IDelt^CItt- I.] NOTES. 75 29. jiir ®eftmig fcinmcn, 'to be realised.' ©cftiing, from gcttcii, ' to be worth,' ' to avail.' ^UX ®c(tling brtngeil, ' to realise ' (trans.). 35. Sort son 31njCll. ' Tlie most repreliensible circumstance in this great monaich's (Louis IX.) conduct was his approbation of ihe treaty between his brother and the Pope, relative to Sicily. When that kingdom was offered to the Count of Anjou he accepted it ; and Louis permitted a crusade to be preached in France against Mainfroy (Manfred).' — Russell's Modern Europe. 37. ®lielfen (also spelt SBflfcn). The Guelphs took their name from Welf or Wolf, uncle of Henry the Lion (d. 1 195), when the latter was the rival claimant of Conrad ill. for the empire of Germany. 'Welf became the watchword of the party, as 'Weiblingen' (or Ghibeline, as we usually spell it), from their seat in Wiirttemberg, be- came that of the Hohenstaufens. Subsequently Guelph was applied to all those who opposed the Emperor for the time being, and later on the names were confined entirely to Italy, being assumed by various parties there. 40. tnit bcm Saimfluc^ betaben, 'to anathematise.' Sannfluc^, •anathema.' 41. Sciictictlt, Benevento, capital of the duchy of the same name, situated about thirty miles N. E. of Naples. 44. iifcctleBcn. Verbs compounded with bitrc^, liter, imtcr, and Utn, are separable or inseparable according to the meaning. If trans- itive, they are, as a rule, inseparable. bad H)i(bcile ©etiimmel, ' the thick of the fight.' 47. Dctfotgt. Sotgen, ' to follow,' requires the dative. SSerfoIgen, ' to pursue,' ' to persecute,' is a transitive verb. 48. abgeticmmcii. 2H)neI;mcn is distinct from simple tiejmcn in that it means to take from a person or thing what properly belongs to him or it ; hence often, as here, to take by force. 52. 3Jc$t is 'law,' the abstract principle, and is applied to the science in general, whereas ®efc^ is an individual law. ©te Slf^te ftiibicrcn, 'to study law.' Ecftor bciber SfJc(|tc, doctor of laws, j.«. of civil and ecclesiastical law. (Sill ^(&)Uo,(\([)xkx, a barrister. But, ®efc|gebutig, 'legislature'; ©efe^CtltWurf, 'bill (in parliament)'. 76 ^ifiottj'iI)e ©tja^Iungen. [I. 61. fcilJ^m'g, 'former,' from t{Stjcr, adv. 'hitherto.' Cf. t)icfl'g, 'of this place,' from l)m; tcrtig, 'of that place,' from bort; I;cittig, mOr» gi'G. gcflrig, etc. 62. bcr ^Dl)Cll|lciufcn ffletbcrten. Frederick II. died in Italy when about to march against the Lombards, his son Enzio having previously pined away in imprisonment in Bologna. Here also died Conrad IV. on his campaign against the Pope. 64. eorgcfvtCflCit, 'imaginary,' 'illusive.* 65. gcutcSfH, except in a higher style of prose, usually takes an ac- cusative. Sr geiicg bie gteunbfi^aft feiner ScttgenofTen, 'he enjoyed the friendship of his contemporaries.' Oeilic^eil does not mean 'to enjoy ' in the ordinary sense of ' derive pleasure from.' One cannot say, 3d; ';a6e bie ©V^ajiftfa^rt nat^ 9t. fef;r genoffen, but, 2^ Jabe mi(^ bci ber ©p. fe{)r gut amiijiert. ' I have enjoyed myself,' 3c^ H^i tiiic^ amiifiert. Of anything to eat it is gem effen or triiifen. 68. beugcn is the factitive of bicgcil, but is almost only used figura- tively, the form bicgeil being used in its literal sense both transitively and intransitively. 70. ein Q\MAlf)(S (Sclingcn, literally, 'a lucky success'; say 'a successful issue.' The gliidlirf; is pleonastic, but the pleonasm is not un- common in German, gi'f f'"tn gtucf(id;en 2Ill<3giing would be better. 75. 53rcgciiJ, a town at that time strongly fortified, in the Tyrol, rear the Lake of Constance. 77. fircmtcn . . . l/exbn. fxxiti in compounds has the meaning of ' to the spot,' 'up.' 79. berrailfd)te, from Bcr denoting 'removal,' and 3?auft^, ' intoxi- cation, '= ' to sober down,' ' to pass away.' 80. fe&tte. Qi fc(;ft mir nn (dat.), ' I want, lack.' ©u fct;t(l mtr, ' I miss you.' GS l;at llidjt bid gcfc{»tt, 'it was a close thing,— touch and go.' ftimmtrn ftd; . . . t;crilb, literally 'got out of tune," went down.' ©timilU', besides 'voice,' means 'tone,' and for bCt see above, 1. 79. 35crftillimcii is therefore ' to lose the tone of.' 87. geftadcte fic^, from bie Ocfinit, 'shape,' 'form'; 'took a favourable shape,' 'turned out favourably. 1] NOTES. 77 92. ttetlBertcn, 'to realise.' 98. ©arajeneil. In the early part of the ninth century bands of Saracens took possession of Sicily, and were subsequently often called to the as^iistance of rival contending parties there. Luceria is a pro- vince of Naples. lOl. SajU font M6), 'in addition to this.' 105. Beoia^ten. From Obat^t (rare) = 2ll|ltung, 'heed.' Oiisan almost obsolete preposition meaning ' over.' 116. ©efcingen. ©efang is the act of singing ; Stcb the words and music. Correctly translated, ttlit ©efcingcn means 'with singing.' It is the plural of an abstract noun, denoting several instances or repetitions of ihe act, like loves, hypocrisies, etc 119. Segriifung, 'welcome.' 123. t)ernitfc(;te. Cf. note, 1. 79. I5e forms transitive verbs. 133- gfn, for gegen, is rare except in poetry, and in the expression (jen $immel, ' up to heaven.' See p. il, 1. 284. 135. feilier tuarteten. SBatten in modem prose always takes ouf with the ace. : icf) ttjarte auf ®ie. 139. fcini ii. Verbs are used impersonally, as in Latin, to express a very general idea, especially in the passive, e.g. ii iDUtbC gefuiigen, 'There was singing.' ' They joined battle.' See 1. 207. 143. uberfaflen. See note, 1. 44. nac^ alien ©ettcn Jin. The I;tn belongs to the nai^, giving it the meaning of ' towards.' 144. gcfprcngt. ©prcngen is the factitive of fpringcn, 'to leap,' and means 'to make to leap,' 'to burst,' * to dash or gallop.' auS« einanber gcfprengt, 'disjjersed.' ' 150. jt(^ gcrettct- Sil^ retten, like French se sauver, means ' to escape. ' 151. bcrfctbc refers to the latter of the two. @r would lead one to think that Henry of Castille was being alluded to. feincg Scbeng fc|)onen. ©c|)Oncn (like fatten, see above, note on 1. 135) now usually takes an accusative — fcjonc bcine ©cfunbjctt, 'spare your health,' — though in a higher style of prose it is frequently found with the former construction. ©^Pncn means 78 0ifti)cifd)c ©tsa^Iuttgen. [I. ' to save from wear and tear, or from harm.' ' To save up ' is ctfparcn. 152. ©^at SJittcr linb (JbTer. ©btct is the genitive plural of the adj. Cbct, used as a noun, but declined as an adjective without article — N. and Ace. PI. Sbte, G. Gblcr, D. SCcfn, and shows clearly that in an expression like ciii ^fuiib ^udix, etn SJcgimcnt ©olbaten, the second noun is a genitive, though the genitive inflection -g (3ltcfEr, not 3lltfrri^) has been dropped. With an adjective, however, it appears— cine Snffc ftattcn SaffccS. 155. tie .S)cffming. ^offnuiig is here personified. Hence the insertion of the article. ' Hope proved illusive.' l65. 31ftura, a small coast town in the Papal States, S.E. of Rome. 177. ben S'iitfctf4>(ag erjatten, 'to be knighted.' 180. jlC^ anne()mcn means ' to take charge or care of,' and governs the gen. Here ' to espouse.' 182. ©citen, an old form of the dat. sing, of the feminine bie ©eite, used only in this expression and a few others : auf Srbett, ' on earth,' see 1. 311 ; 511 ®iinflen, ' in favour," ju gl;rcn, ' in honour.' Jltgcfloffcn, ' fallen to,' ' been bestowed upon.' 190. umjingctt, ' invested.' From ^ingct (rare), connected with Latin cinguhis, a zone or belt. 193. gat, • actually,' ' even.' Usually found with a negative : gat fcin, ' none whatever,' gat nicfet, ' not at all,' gat nt^t^, gat tiiemanb. 201. Uetbrennen. Srenucn is to 'scorch,' 'singe,' 'partially bum'; tterbrennctl, ' to consume,' ' to burn completely up.' 203. |5ob unb (Silt. Properly speaking §ab is moveable, ®ut immoveable property (such as houses, land, etc.), but the duplicate expression often means, as here, ' goods and chattels.' 207. bap gegen jlonrabin, etc. Another example of the impersonal passive, C^ tDiitbe Betfa^tcn rocrben, ' proceedings would be taken.' The eS is omitted when the finite verb comes last as here or in in- ver.-ion, e.g. wa^tfcjeinlicj) tt)ijrbe gcgcn S. mit 3Kitbe »cifa{>icn tuerben. 211. lautete, "was as follows.' Do not confuse with the factitive, Iciutcn, ' to ring,' ' sound.' SS TOUtbe gctflutct, ' the bells were rung. I.] NOTES. 79 219. im offcnen ^tiegc. The article is used because offcncr ^rtcg is taken in its full sense, i.e. that state of affairs called open warfare. 222. Bon je^cr {ji.e. con je ^cr), ' from all times to the present ' (hither, ^er) 'for ever.' 225. »ctmo0te . . . bojin (;.«. ba^injufertngen), 'was able to prevail upon.' 226. big auf, • except.' 231. uberbvac^te. Separable or inseparable ? 232. O^eim is now supplanted by the French Ontel, just as SSafc is by Soufine. 236. 5Kcfr. Note the accusative, there being movement (of the eyes) implied : ' view on to the sea.' 239. f)cntcr, ' hangman. ' ^enf en, for ' to put to death by hanging,' b now almost supplanted by Jcingen. See 1. 205. 243. jener cine Slitter. Sine is here used as an adjective. Decline the three words together. 250. ubertretcn ju biirfen. @fau6en is often found followed by the infinitive, not admissible in English, ' thought he might.' 255. ernjai^fe, • accrue.' Those who know Latin will be able to trace the connection between the German and English words : tDat^fctt, ' to grow,' and cretum, supine of crescere. The et here implies ' forth,' as in ergicgen, ' to pour forth.' 258. t^at ft(^ tunb, 'was evinced.' ©timmung, 'tone,' 'disposi- tion,' 'frame of mind.' 277. ^etet son Sttragonten. The authenticity of this story is doubted. Peter of Aragon had married Constance, daughter of Manfred, Con- radin's uncle. After the Sicilian Vespers, or massacre of the French in Sicily, Peter acquired the kingdom, while Charles of Anjou ruled on the mainland, both assuming the title of ' King of Sicily.' 280. Sruc^fe?. Say ' seneschal,' though not quite synonymous. One who served up the dishes at the feasts in olden times, and subse- quently an office of some honour at German courts. StHC^ is in Middle High German iru^t and is connected with tragen, 'to carry," meaning ' all that can be carried,' and then 'the food carried.' (From Kluge's Etym. Worterbuch. ) 80 ^ifiortfdje (Sfja^tttttgctt. [I. 289. terct'tcn often, as here, means ' to cause ' (not ' to prepare '). 294. Scfct;t. Notice the ace. here after ailf, like ifS) ontlDOrtC aitf fctncil SBricf, ' send an answer to his letter,' The idea is, to give fulfilment to his command. 302. Berfc^atrt. ©cfjarren is 'to scrape,' Betfi^arrtn, 'to cover or conceal by scraping.' A rough-and-ready mode of burial is implied. 309. (S(^Cllf(;ail^, ahouse where beer, etc., is poured out (eillfc{)enten), 'public-house.' 312. Btrafgeti(|)t, 'retribution.' ettebcn. Sr meaning to obtain by means of the action ex- pressed by the simple verb, crtcBen signifies ' to get (knowledge) by living,' ' to live to see.' tie jicitianifc^e SSeSpcr. This massacre of the French by the Sicilians in 12S2 was so called because it was occasioned by a French- man insulting a young Sicilian girl when coming from vespers. For its result, see note, 1. 277. Note that Vesper is singular. II. DAS ENDE ICARLS DES KtJHNEN. 3. ^cr^ogtum Soitrgognc, etc. The modem French provinces of Bourgngne and Tranche Comte (Haute Bourgogne). 7. Stcffen, ' tr-immings,' or ' bordering,' in gold or silver em- broidery. II. fjanfcjlfibte. The towns of the Hansa, or Hanseatic League. About the middle of the thirteenth century a number of commercial cities in Germany combined for the purpose of aiding one another in protecting their trade. They had had much to suffer from the feuds and jealousies of petty princes, from freebooters, robbers, and other causes. They kept a fleet, and even went to war with the Danes and Norwegians. Of these towns Liibeck was the chief. Owing to various causes, the League gradually broke up, and the last sitting was held in 1669. Hamburg, Liibeck, and Bremen still retain the title of ' Hanse Towns.' n.] NOTES. 81 II. ufcctftiigetil, a military expression, ' to outflank,' hence ' to out- strip.' i6. 2J?0rgenIanb, ' the East ' (Orient), where the sun appears in the moi-nhig. 3}iOrgfn, 3lbcilb, 3)!ittng, and SWittCrimtftt are respectively the poetical expressions for East, West, South, and North. iS. ©ercctltfame, 'privileges.' Hoffmann appeals to use the word as a plural, but properly speaking it is singular, with the plural ©crcc^tfamen. 22. jog . . . Ctn, ' confiscated.' 25- ©tdlltC, 'states of the realm,' 'representative assembly.' 26. ttorjuggluetfc geltcbt, beloved by way of preference (3JorjUg), that is, ' favourite. ' 27. bur^ Scirnt. He married Marguerite, daughter and heiress of the Count of Flanders, and by her father's death became possessed of Flanders, Upper Burgundy, and other provinces. 29. Stnie (pronounce Lee-nye) is a dynasty, as here, or a line in mathematics — cine gerabe ?tiuc, 'a straight line.' A line of printing is 3eitP, a line of railway Sifeilba^ll^Sillie. ge^orte ji:, "was one of.' 30. 3o|)ann bcr Unetfcl)roJene, the Intrepid, or Jean Sans Peur, as he was called, was assassinated by the party of the French Dauphin in 1419. 31. Philip the Good formed alliances with Henry v. and vi. of England, and assisted at the capture of Joan of Arc in 1430. He reigned nearly forty-eight years. 32. trcit...an. 2ln has here the meaning ' to begin, 'so that artrttcn is 'to take the first step,' thence 'to begin,' ' to enter upon.' Cf. fttl= fc^ndben, 'to cut the first piece.' 33. Sort ber Sfi^lie, Charles le Tem^raire— the Rash or Bold, as he is more commonly styled. This prince and his relations to Louis XI. of France form the historical background of Sir Walter Scott's romance of Quentin Diirward. He says of him : ' Charles the Bold, or rather the Audacious, for his courage was allied to rash- ness and frenzy, then wore the ducal coronet of Burgundy, which he burned to convert into a royal and independent crown.' F 82 ^ifiocifc^c erjS^tttttgctt. [IL 39. ^tnfattigfctt ' instability.' 52. Srcgicrrf, a compound of the less usual ®icx, fcm., meaning a vio'cnt lonjing after something. Olher compounds are SiCligicrCe, 'curiosity' (a desire for what is new), and SBipbegierbe, 'curiobity ' in abetter sense (a thirst for knowledge — SSiffcn). 57. Stittidjcr, the inhabitants of Liege, which is in German Sijttit^. 5S. (Sciitcr, the inhabitants of Ghent in Flanders. fcl;en JligeflailDciie, 'aheady conceded.' ©cjltpcn is ' to con- fess.' 62. crbtttcrt, 'implacable.' 65. ©iibcrfce. The Zuyder-See in Holland. 74. Sif}, ' cunning,' implies concealing one's designs from others, SScrfl^ragcnjIcit, from the verb one of the meanings of which is 'to shut out,' 'push aside,' has the meaning of overcoming obstacles by crafty designs to attain a certain end. Say ' craftiness.' 75. aitf btc Tailcr, ' in the long-run.' 77. 9?eil5, a town near the Rhine opposite Dusseldorf. It vras relieved by the German Emperor Frederick ill. 53, scrtfanfcn, 'to mortgage.' 85. criniigcil. Saiigcn, from lang, means ' to extend in length,' hence ' to reach ' (intr. ), and ctlaiigcil, ' to obtain by reaching,' hence, in general, ' lo obtain.' 87. 3tbfagcbricf, ' letters of renunciation.' 33oflt, from Low Latin vocatiis, for advocattis, originally meant guardian (in ecclesiastical affairs). Subsequently the meaning was extended to mean, in general, ' guardian,' ' patron,' etc. In the Middle Ages it viras a title given to the governor or stadtholder of territory at a distance from the dominions of the prince. 94. gcfonnctl, p.p. of jtnncil, used as an adjective, but predicatively only, to mean 'minded,' 'inclined.' The adjective gerillllt seldom occurs except in compounds: !;cd;gcflllltt, 'high-minded,' frcuilClic^' gcfiimf, bcitffc{)»gcfilint, 'with German sympathies,' etc. 95. BCrjligC'Wcife, 'specially.' See note, 1. 26. 97. SMj'Oll, the capital of the Duchy of Burgundy. 98. tDOJll Cerfebeil, 'well (/.«. amply) provided.' If the meaning n.] NOTES. 83 had been that the defences were in a good or efficient state, the adverb gut would have been used. io8. angcfe^Cllllcn, from anfcjcn, 'to look at,' means 'looked at,' i.e. ' looked up to,' ' respected.' no. gatfet and ©cl;l»ert are the so-called absolute accusative, but are governed by some such verb as ^ofcctifc or |)altcnl> understood. 112. tterne^lticn, to perceive with any of the senses, most commonly with that of hearing. Hence ' to learn,' ' to hear,' etc. 113. gcbeilfe, Indirect Narration, Charles's words being quoted. The pres. subj. is here used in preference to the imperfect, as it brings out more clearly the indirect speech. The imperfect gebcit^te could also be used in direct speech for the conditional, to mean, • would intend. ' 117. The Jura Mountains separate Upper Burgundy (Haute Bour- gogne) from Switzerland. 118. 9Jeuen6urger ©ee. SfleuenBurg is the German for Neuf- chatel (K««, 'well-informed.' 2$. Sriinbiitigcn, • surfs.' 28. (5rol)llbicnj}e. The 'fon'/«,' or 'forced labour.' The labourers and peasants were compelled to work without payment, and for certain periods, on roads, fences, draining, and in other public employments, which was often the cause of gieat distress. S^C^ll is from an Old High German word fro, signifying ' lord ' or ' master,' and occurring in many compounds to signify 'Christ': groJllIctC^llflUt, 'the body of Christ ' ; grol;ntcicf)namfc|l, ' Corpus Christi Day.' Slut^cbling tcr fttoftcr, 'dissolution of the monasteries.' 29. SntlDCrftllig, etc., 'the framing of a new code of civil law.' 33. ®tctc|!)cit bet 2lbgaben, 'equality of taxation,' i.e. that the nobility, upper clergy, and the so-called tiers-itat, the 'third estate,' or burgher class, should be taxed upon the same footing. 35. 140 SJJiUionen £t»rcS. About ;£'5, 280,000. 39. jur Slbiveilbung, 'to avert.' A verbal noun in .ung is often used where we should put an infinitive, e.g. Jur SJcttung, 'to save.' It thus avoids the breaking up of the compound sentence into too many dependent or infinitival ones. Cf. 1. 77. 45. 3ieict)o[ldlibe, 'States-General,' containing representatives oi the three classes mentioned above note, 1. 33. ni] NOTES. 89 48 tlt^lo^ properly means 'careless,' in the older sense of 'with- out care or forethought ' ; then ' without care for the results,' ' vile,' •wicked,' 'pernicious.' English cognate, 'reckless.' 50. rciibiertc. the technical expression with reference to a court. Cf. Slefibenj'Stabt, 'capital,' 'residence of the court.' * 55. SSciienre^. A small town in the Department of the Meuse, about no miles east of Paris, not far from the Belgian frontier. 59. Sempctturm. The Temple was a. gloomy prison in the low quarter of Paris. 60. iDjlerreil^ imb ^reufcn. Other European countries looked with displeasure upon the advance of republican ideas, and considered that the treatment of the French monarch concerned them all. The emigrant nobles therefore had no difficulty in persuading them to cross the frontier. 67. UnBi[rIcgti(|!cit, 'inviolability,' 'sacredness of the kingly dignity.' 9lntionatfon»cnt 'National Convention.' 71. Slnflagcofte, 'act of impeachment.' 74. gefe^tt. The intransitive personal verb fejlctt means 'to do wrong.' Meaning 'to want,' 'to lack,' fe^Ien is used impersonally: eg fe()(t mir (on), ' I am in want of.' 81. SBcife, English 'wise ' ('likewise,' etc.), 'way,' 'in a shameful manner.' Cf. gtiicKic^crnjeife, 'luckily,' fi^rtttioeifc, 'by steps,' etc. 84. obgcmefTcn, 'deliberately.' 87. The fill belongs of course to enffemt. 88. 2lntt>aU, a general term for 'advocate,' 'lawyer.' ©a^ttjoltcr, 1. 127, is 'counsel,' 'attorney.' loi. ctbot ft(|, 'offered (himself).' Used of persons offering to do a thing. 'To offer' anything to anybody is anbietctt. 114. Si'CObtner. The most revolutionary among the republicans. So called because their club held its meetings in an old Jacobin convent. 115. botcn aUtS auf. %UtS oufbicten, 'to do all in one's power,' *to leave no stone unturned.' 116. ect)nia!)fc|)rtft, 'lampoon.' 90 ^ifiotifc^e ®cja5Iungc«. [IIL ii8. gccfgtict, 'suitable,' 'calculated,' 'likely.' 129. bcfprac^ jtc^. St fprec^eil, trans, is ' to talk-over,' reflex. ' to converse. ' 136. Scrfrfffete ftc^, 'expatiated,' 'dealt with." ' 145. Slbfcjaffiinn, 'repeal.' 147. Seifccigrnfdjaft, 'serfdom,' 'vassalage.' 148. pctnlid)e ©Cfc^gcbuiljj, 'criminal legislature.' 151. .Jcttommen, that which comes hither from former times. Hence ' custom,' ' tradition.' 153. Itcg fie teitfjaftig Werben, 'allowed them to participate,' that is, 'granted.' 166. cingcfliigt, 'inspired with.' Sinflofcn has the same construction (ace. and dat.) as BOrTOetfen, above, 1. 164, though we say 'to inspire ■with,'' 'to reproach with.' 172. ^dttc. Abnormal arrangement. According to the rule, ^fltts should come afier foKcn, but when there are already two infinitives at the end, the finite verb precedes them — usually coining immediately before them. 173. fc(;cnen. See note to I. 1. 151. 177. bcfcClltcte, 'signified.' 186. crftOrbcil, 'died out.' The er here implies thoroughness, com- pletion. 187. ®irOrit>i|}cn. The Girondists received their name from the fact that most of the leaders of the party represented the Department of the Gironde. They were the better educated and more moderate of the republicans. 191. bur^f(^ragcnb, 'vigorous.' 194. gragcn tvurben gtficttt. 'To ask a question' is either cinc grage flcUen or etmad fragcn ; 'I want to ask you a questioj,' i^ niOtljte ®ie ctl»aiS fragen ; 'he always asks so many questions,' er ftngt immcr fo »ict. ' To ask,' /.^. request or beg, is titten. Sff) tni i()lt Um eine ttcine UlltetjlugUlig, ' I asked him for a little assistance.' benntlt>Ortct. ' To answer ' a thing, e.g. a letter, etc., is the trans, verb bcoilttBCrtCH, or onttVOtteil auf (ace), the latter used for a more direct or categorical reply to a question. ' To answer ' a Ill] NOTES. 91 person is flntWOrtCtl, with the dative. See 1. 288. ®r antttJOrtttC ttltr, ba?, etc 201. (5inf(^ranfltng, 'proviso,' 'stipulation.' 211. erbat (i(^. Srbttten, according to the import of the prefix Ct«, means ' to obtain by begging.' But as here and lower down (1. 272) Louis' request was refused, the er» would seem to lose its force. It implies, however, that the King in both cases was confident his wishes would be complied with. They surely would not refuse him these modest and harmless requests. 220. ©orge tragcn, ' to take care,' ' to look after.' ' To take care ' has various equivalents in German according to the meaning. If it signifies 'to take charge of it is ft(6 annc^men (gen.) or ©Orge tragcn. If ' to beware,' jt^ ^Utcn (with infin. affirmative, or DOr). 'Take care not to get among the brigands,' Jiiten ©ie it(^ Utltcr bte SRaubet ju lommcti. §utc bt(^ »or bcm ^unbc. Or ft^ in 2l{^t ne^mfn,— bit mu?t bic|» in 2I(^t nc^mcn, bag bu micii inS SSBaffcr fatt(l. 228. langere 3cit> li^c the Latin comparative, meaning * somewhat long,' 'for a considerable ^ime.' 230. nameilttic|l, 'particularly,' not to be confused with namttl^, ' that is to say. ' 241. untcr ©e^tui^JEn, ' amid sobs.' Unter has here the meaning ofcontemporary action, 'duringsobbing.' Cf. unUr btm (S(fen, "during the meal,' untcr ^cfttgcn 3uilungcn, 'amid violent convulsions.' 244. immcr, like French toujours, means * still ' as well as 'always.' 246. ijfter. See note, 1. 228. 252. ber 3)?Utter. In speaking of relations a German would use the definite article where we should^pjit a possessive adjective pronoun: 'his mother.' 254. in O^nma^t fallen, or ojnmai^tig werben, ' to faint.' 261. eriJoc^en. ©tec^en, 'to stab,' erfie4)cn, 'to kill by stabbing,' tX' here denoting an extreme consequence. 264. fotte. The subjunctive is used after bcfejien, as it comes under the head of Indirect Narration : 'they ordered,' i.e. 'said they were to.' 270. niD^te ni($t * did not want to,' a common meaning of tnogen. 271. ©emetnbebeamten, ' municipal officers.' 92 J^iftoi'ifc^c ^rsa^Iuttgctt. [HI 272. cine Q^ete, ■» pair of scissors.' Not used in the plural. 9)Jcine ®$crc, 'my scissors,' etc. Other articles composed of two parts are similarly used in the singular, e.^. tit StiUe, 'spectacles'; He 3cingc, ' pincers ' ; bcr 3Mil, ' compasses.' 277. Sabcn, 'shutter,' pi. Satcn. Cabcn, ' shop,' pi. ?abcn. 283. Jlt britigen, 'to bid.' Sringcn is used similarly in other expressions : cin ©tcitibi^en Brt'ngcn, ' to serenade ' ; feine ®lud« nunfajt Bringcn, ' to offer one's congratulations.' 284. jllcinobc, 'valuables,' has also the plural Stctnobt'cn. It is formed from Hettl, ' little,' with the termination 'Ob, the same as the .Ut in 2(tmut, ■ poverty,' and the «at in ^timat ' home.' 287. (ScmeinbEtat, ' municipal council.' 289. Sluftrag, "commission," 'errand.' Sinen 2tiiftrag oit^ric^tcn, ' to execute a commission.' ' To go on an errand ' is CtlVaS bcforgeil. 291. Scflctgtn, 'to enter.' Sinflctgen, 'to get in' (to a carriage, etc.); auSftctgen, 'to get out.' Sliifjleigen, 'to mount'; abficigen, ' to dismount.' The latter also means ' to alight,' ' to put up ' at an inn, etc. 297. SreSter, 'breviary,' the book containing the services of the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches. 305. cntfleibcn. The common expression for 'to undress' is auSflciben. 311. eincn Si^ritt is the accusative of extension of space. 315. iibertonte, 'drowned.' 317. bcr ^cilige SllbWig, ' St. Louis,' died in 1270. He was canon- ised on account of his attachment to the Church. See note on I. L 35. 325. Sdif, masc. is 'lime.' 'Chalk' is SveibC. bcfc^Uttcn, ' to cover ' (by shaking on). From fc[)ut{cn, ' to shake on,' • sprinkle.' The diminutive form fc^iuttctn is ' to shake,' or ' toss,' • about.' 326. mcge. SWogcn makes a request more polite and deferential, ' to be so good as to ... ' (Jr tot Jiiicf), itl; moc^t} c« befo tgcn, ' he asked me to be so good as to get (or see to) it.' In the text ba§ man fcincr gamitte geflottC would be equally correct, but less suppliant. In line 328 moi^tC means ' might be pleased.' III.] NOTES. 93 334. Eiinon. This barbarian was a municipal officer, and one of the commission appointed to supervise the Temple. He was constantly in the presence of the Royal Family, and as constantly loaded them with insults, 343. fluf eincn SBefc^Iuf, ' In accordance with a decree.' Note the accusative, from analogy with ailttPOVtcn fluf. Similarly auf mtilie Sbitte, auf ben Sefe^ etc. 344. ?UttDig Sapct. So called after Hugh Capet, who was elected King in 987, and thus founded the dynasty. It was he who made Paris the capital. 357. $rinjeffin SamboIIe, a devoted friend of the Queen. She was afterwards cruelly murdered. 363. Betleitct, Med away or as'ray.' S3ci» denotes here 'wrong'; in BerfcjiffllbErt, 1. 367, it implies loss or destruction — ' flung away.' 370. cingcwirft (auf), 'influenced.' 383. angc^atten, •encouraged,' 'incited.' 21n{)altcn has the appar- ently opposite significations of ' to stop ' (trans. ) and 'to drive on, ' 'instigate.' 384. ©emiitsbcnjcgung, 'emotion.' 390. enttrdfttli. Sllt" has the meaning of 'removal' or 'deprivation.' Hence enttrdften (from firoft ' force ') is ' to deprive of the force,' •to weaken,' 'to rebut.' Similarly, below, 1. 393, Sntj}cKung = •removal from its proper place' (Stctlt), 'disfigurement,' 'distortion,' •perversion.' 421. ©(f)Kcfcn^regicning, 'reign of terror.' 423. angetnitpft literally 'knitted,' 'tied together,' 'united.' Say •entered upon.' IV. DER DEUTSCH-FRANZOSISCHE KRIEG. 5. 'prinj Seopotb »on |)o5cnjot(ern'©tgmaringen. Up to the year 1848 the Hohenzollem-Sigmaringens (Suabian line) enjoyed a certain amount of independence, but under Leopold's father, Karl 94 J^ifiottfi^e ©rjo^Iimgcw. [IV. Anton, after the Revolution in this year, their territories were incorpor. ated with Prussia. In 1861 they received the title of Royal Highness. Leopold was thus, without doubt, a Prussian Prince, though his con- nection with the French Imperial family was certainly closer than with the present Prussian dynasty, his maternal grandmother being Stephanie de Beauharnais, step-niece of Napoleon 1., but he was not what one would exactly call a ' near relation.' The present Emperor of Germany is also a HohenzoUern, but of the Franconian line, both branches being descended from brothers who lived in the 12th century. 9. trbterei^ttgt, "entitled by inheritance,' 'legitimate,' 'rightful heirs.' II. butbcn, baf, etc. Note that the English accusative and infinitive ''suffer a prince to become,' etc.) is inadmissible after bulbcn. 13. S^ronbeWCtbung, 'candidature.' 19. fttb bcriielien ju, 'to assent to.' 23. SWan atmete, etc., ' people therefore breathed more freely,' ' it was therefore quite a relief.' £)rbeiltU(^, 'regularly,' 'really,' 'pro- perly. ' 25. gait, 'was considered.' Oclten means 'to be worth,' 'to pass (for).' eitic 5Kart gilt cincn engtifi^en ©c^iaing. 3a, ba« gilt, 'yes, that is a fact.' TiaS gift mit gtei(^. ' that is all the same to me.' tnter ben SBagen fpnnncn, 'to put the cart before the horse.' gtnfpanncn, 'to put to'; flUgfpanncn, 'to unharness'; umfpannen, 'to change horses'; auffpanncn, 'to put up ' (an umbrella). SBaffengang, 'appeal to arms,' 'struggle.' 135. riicften . . . ^eran. SJiitfen, literally 'to move with a jerk' (bct 3?lllf ) is the technical military expression for 'to move.' fSoxtudtXl, ' to advance.' 3?licltt>cife, ' by jerks." 136. ©(fcauftiict, 'spectacle,' 'performance.' 144. 3ufan"tIEll!"'ll3. ' circumstances connected with ' (jufamil}cn- (jangeil), ' ins and outs', 'bearings.' 157. fiteg . . . ailf, ' fell in with.' 160. SfJingcn, ' struggle,' from the verb meaning ' to wrestle.' 9?ing« fnmpf, ' wrestling -match.' What case is JiJingen, and why? Stringen (1. 161), ' to obtain by wrestling or struggling.' 170. iJpf^enjlig, 'ridge,' 'heights.' 171. in Ctner . . . ©teltung. This is the attributive mode of expressing the construction of fcin, followed by an infinitive with JU. The infini- tive becomes a. gerundive and retains the JU : XiaS ^fcrb i|l JU be- fd;(agcii, 'the horse is to be shod'; tnS JU befc^tagenbc ^ferb; cin JU bffc^tagenbeg ^ferb, etc. Eie ©teltung wax fitt unetnncjmbar ju l)tlUen, ' the position was to be {i.e. was such as might be) considered impregnable'— bie fiit uiieinucjuibat JU ^altenbe ©tellung. Cf. below, 1. 1S7. 173. uncrf(^uttcrli^, 'determined,' 'unflinching,' literally 'not to be shaken' (etfci;uttcrn . IV.] NOTES. 97 l8l. Sodcruttg, from tO(fcr, 'slack,' 'laxity.' 183. jiibclte . . . cntgegen, 'welcomed with rejoicings.' 193. SRamcturf en. The Mamelukes were a military body founded in the 13th century, and subsequently formed into a dynasty, which ruled in Egypt. The bulk of these, said to be the finest cavalry in the world, were destroyed by Napoleon I., and soon after they became extinct. 198. Sfu^reeifung, from Wctfcn, 'to show,' 'to point' ; the 'showing out,' 'expulsion.' 223. jur SluSfii^rung gelangcn (or foramen), 'to be carried out,' • accomplished ' ; Jur 21. brtngen, ' to carry out.' 228. fam e(j barauf an, ' il iagissait de,' ' it was a matter of import- ance to.' Cf. note, 1. 25 ; ti gait would also do here. 229. ©tta^e is not necessarily a paved way, like the English ' street,' but a road of any kind. ' Road ' is more correctly defined by Sonb" jlrage. ' High-road,' bie S^auffec. 239. SRucfjic^t ncbmen ouf (ace), 'to pay heed to.' 9?iicfit($t, 'a looking backward to ' (cf. respect, from L. re, ' again,' ' back ' and specium, 'looking'), 'regard,' 'consideration.' 246. jianbge^alten : formerly written ©tanb gejatten, ' held their ground.' 248. gcuerfc^Iunb : French boucke a feu, 'cannon.' ©^funb, ' throat, ' ' gullet ' ; also used figuratively for ' gulf, ' ' abyss,' etc. SSer njagt e«, SRittergmann obct finapp', 3" taucljen in biefen ©c^lunb ? Schiller, Der Tatuher. 264. fBer^au, 'abattis,' barricade of trees cut down. From cer^auen, 'to lop.' 271. fnarren, an onomatopoetic word (i.e. one representing some natural sound) : ' to creak,' as of a wheel, or a door on its hinges. 278. ijber btefcm, etc. Uber with the dative has in a few idioms the meaning of 'during.' Cf. uber bem ?cfen etnfcblafen. 284. Sontggra^, a decisive battle in the war between Austria and Prussia in 1866. The latter was victorious. 98 ^iftoctfd^c ©rjSl^Iungen. [IV. 289. tBOjI, "perhaps," 'some.* 306. gejlii^t, literally 'propped.' Say 'relying.' 321. gclang. Note the construction of gettngen. It is used only in the 3d person ; the person (or thing personified, as in this case) who is successful is in the dative, and the object of the success in the nomina- tive : ' I succeed in the undertaking,' bag Ulltctticjmen gelingt mtr. 329. gcTOattig, literally 'powerful,' sometimes refers merely to size, 'immense': geTOnltige Si(Sb(6cfc, ' huge masses of ice.' 334. Sa^n is any smooth way ; hence gifeilbci^n, ' railway,' SiSbflJn or @t5)Iittfc^u!)bot)n, 'place for skating,' Segdba^n, 'skittle-alley.' 344. Sonbe, plural of ba^ Sanb, ' bond,' ' tie.' 352. ®cgcn, connected in etymology with our 'dagger' (French dague), is the commoner word for ' sword.' ©(^icert is more poetical, $aubfgcn, 'swashbuckler.' 354. ftt^ duf ®nabc unb Ungnabe ergeben, ' to surrender at dis- cretion.' 357- ®l'af StSmnrct. A title and a proper name not preceded by the article are considered as a compound word, and declined as such, i.e. the last member only takes the inflexion : Gen. ®taf ffii^nwrrfS, Dat. and Ace. @raf SisSmarcf'. But with the article the former only is declined : Gen. bcS ©tafen ffltSitiard, Dat. bent ®tafen 23., Ace. ben ®rafeii S. 361. ergretfenb, 'impressive.' 36;. Sonf is used only in the singular : mcincn beflcn ©onf, or Biefcn ©ant, ' many thanks.' 34* '^anh (3^nen) fe^r, or befictlg, ' thank you very much.' Remember that if offered anything, \6) banfe means 'No, thank you.' Our 'Thank you,' meaning 'I accept with thanks,' is bittf, or iDcnn it^ bitten batf. 377- ©ecrgcrcit, or SriegSgercit, ' war material.' 378. nmd'tig, like getpalttg (cf. 1. 329), but less commonly, also means 'immense.* 381. i|l n)0(;I JU Oerjetl^nen, etc., 'in connection with this battle may perhaps be noted.' 396. mit ben luec^felnben 3Jufen, 'shouting in turns.' 398. Ct^Ob ben 2lntrag 'brought in a motion.' IV-l NOTES. 403. ©ftofe, • din.' 406. prosiforif^, ' provisional.' 414. beffeil, when used for ftin, always refers to the last-mentioned (masc. or neuter) noun. Had feilt been put here, it might have referred to ©turm or to ^'tinj- 417. ttClIiefcn. Notice the plural, though the grammatical subject is SltljaJI. SScrtief would be equally correct, but as in English ('a large number were present') the verb may agree with the /o^zca/ subject, here ijoitlilten, the idea being ' families left France in great numbers.' Slnjat^t is not used in the plural. 425. jiitrjen, like fatten, being a neuter verb of motion, is conjugated vfith fein. fortgefe^t. There are three words for ' to continue.' If it means to last, it is fortbnuern : bcr 8drm baucrt fott, ' the noise continues.' If it signifies to continue to do a thing, it is fortfojten : er fu^r fort tie ©cgenti JU burc^fuc^en, 'he continued to search the country.' Thirdly, there is the transitive verb fottfe^en : \^ fe^e btC 21rbeit fOrt. 437. |)auptilabt tC^ S'Ifa$. The capital of Alsace is Strassburg. 441. jur Ubergabe. Note that a noun often takes the place of our infinitive: 'to surrender."' Cf. above, 1. 427, bie SBicbcraufna^ltte, ' to resume ; ' bcn Ubertrttt 'to. cross ' (1. 720). See also III. 1. 39. 443. SScrlujl has no connection with bie 8ujl, ' pleasure,' but is the verbal noun from Bettieretl (like grofl from frteren). Note that it is masculine, and does not modify in the plural, 454. Jcrbeijufujiten. ^crbci in compounds means 'to the spot,' 'up.' ^etbctrufen, ' to summon up,' ^erbciciten, ' to hurry up.' 461. Garibaldi first came into notice in 1833, ™ co-operation with Mazzini in his struggle for Italian unity. Subsequently he fought in South America, against Brazil, and on his return took the field for the Roman Republic against the French and Neapolitans. He afterwards joined Victor Emanuel, and having been victorious in Sicily retired after the proclamation of the latter as King. After several campaigns with his celebrated volunteers on behalf of Italian freedom and unity, and an unsuccessful attack on the Austrians in 1866, in which he was wounded, he retired to his estate in the island of Caprera until the 100 ^ifiorifii^e ersS^Iungen. [IV. overthrow of the French monarchy presented ano'her opportunity ot fighting in defence of his favourite ideas. 469. ©lierittatricg, ' guerilla war,' is derived from the diminutive of the Spanish word guerra, ' war,' — an irregular kind of warfare, carried on by independent bands. 470. bunt, 'many-coloured,' 'gay.' Say 'motley.' 473. SRauftufl, from railfen, ' to pluck, tug,' hence ' to quarrel,' and 8u|l, 'pleasure,' — 'pugnacity,' 'combativeness.' 475- Oufgcfla^Elt, from 2-iQ.i)ti, 'a sting,' 'stirred or called up,' ' aroused. ' 478. ^illflcbung, 'self-sacrifice,' is dative. 482. jufotge, when it precedes the noun, takes the genitive, when it follows it takes the dative. 488. f)Cerfu^rung, 'generalship.' 496. grO^artig from grog, and bic 3lrt, 'the kind': • great in its kind.' It is used of almost anything, abstract or concrete, perceptible by the ears, sight, touch, etc., to denote a very high degree of excellence. ' Grand ' is our nearest word. A view, a feat or performance of any kind, anything in nature or art, may be grOpflrtig. 500. ^flcge and ©Orge both mean ' care' ; the former is applied to deeds, the latter more lo forethought, ^'ff^fl* '^ '*^^ dressing of the wounds, administering the draughts, smoothing the pillows, etc., ©orge rather the thought which prompts to such action, ^jlcge may often be rendered ' nursing.' 507. |)crbcif4)aifung. See note, 1. 454. 517. iippig, properly 'luxuriant.' For baS UpptflC StciBcit, say ' bustle and animation.' 524. SBrieftailbcn unb ?uftbalIong. Many people who were able to bear the expense left Paris by balloon, amongst others Gambetta, who descended at Amiens and joined the Government at Tours. By means of carrier-pigeons, to whose wings or legs messages, and even pages of newspapers, photographed to an incredibly small size, and only able to be read through a magnifying-glass, were attached, communication with the outer world was maintained, 539. onfongli4) juerjl. The jucrfl seems redundant. Hoffmann IV.] NOTES. 101 means to imply that as a commencement these sorties were first made in a southerly direction. S35. roar gcric^tet gewcfcit. Not the passive, which would be Wax gerit^tct tuorbcn, but the pluperfect of fein, and the participle gcri^tet used as an adjective. A s(aie, not an action, is implied. The care of the Government had been (a care) directed to the formation, etc. 547. bcttja^ten, from ma^X, ' true,' signifies to prove true or genuine, and the participle is used with the meaning 'tried,' 'trusty,' 'loyal,' * of established excellence.' 555. cinrd§enb, 'spreading,' ' gaining ground.' 568. iSei(<)fel, 'Vistula.' 595. ©tabtgcmeinbc, • community.' 599.