11/ - fflornell llttivetJjsiitg ^ilrt^tg THE GIFT OF ..vMjaJv/v:U,....5i'lxdL ...;^,Jb-OJia^... ,A..g.4..7.8..i..D %.\-SL..\.\Si. 97S5-I Cornall University Library E234 .S69 1910 olin 3 1924 032 750 907 Date Due w:^ 1^ w ^hi^^^LJi m^ir^ ^Q'i III &i 23233 U.S.I' Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924032750907 Thh Marker MAINE AT VALLEY FORGE PROCEEDINGS AT THE UNVEILING OF THE MAINE MARKER OCTOBER 17, 1907 ALSO ROLL OF MAINE MEN AT VALLEY FORGE AUGUSTA BURLEIGH & FLYNT I()IO T ;\vZi1^ \0 TO HON. WILLIAM T. COBB GOVERNOR OF MAINE, 1 904-1 908 WHOSE PRESENCE AT THE DEDICATION OF THE MAINE MARKER AT VALLEY FORGE HONORED THE TRADITIONS AND HISTORY OF A PEOPLE NEVER WANTING IN PATRIOTISM AND VALOR ILLUSTRATIONS The Marker, Frontispiece Map ... . . Page i The Company Present, 5 Hon. Augustus F. Moulton, .... 6 Hon. William T. Cobb, 19 Another View, Including School Children, 22 The King of Prussia Inn, 24 CONTENTS Foreword, ... . . Page i Address, President George E. Fellows, . 6 Oration, Hon. Augustus F. Moulton, . . 6 Poem, Mrs. Elisabeth Pullen, . . 18 Address, Ifon. William T. Cobb, . . 19 Unveiling of Marker, . . 20 Address, Colonel W. H. Sayen, ... 20 Address, Hon. Samuel W. Pennypacker, . . 21 Address, Surgeon S. C. Gordon, . 23 Names of Maine Men at Valley Forge, . 25 Index to Names, . . 71 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION "Maine at Valley Forge" was published in 1907 under the auspices of the Maine Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, the Maine Historical Society and the Maine State Library assisting the Society in defraying the expense of publication. The edition proved inadequate to meet the requests for copies that came from different parts of the State. This new edition, which includes an index to the list of names of Maine officers and soldiers at Valley Forge now added, is published under an Act of the Legislature of 1909, granting the State Historian authority to expend, under the direction of the Governor and Council, in the publication of historical matter and data relating to the State of Maine, any portion of the money appropriated for the expenses of the State Historian. MAINE AT VALLEY FORGE FOREWORD Interest in Maine's relation to Valley Forge commenced with a visit which Mr. Nathan Goold made a few years ago to the ground occupied by Washington's army in the winter of 1 777-1 778. On his return, Mr. Goold entered upon an investi- gation with reference to the soldiers from Maine who were at Valley Forge. In this investigation he ascertained that there were whole companies from Maine in Massachusetts regiments at Valley Forge, especially in Brewer's and Tapper's. As the result of these researches he estimated that there were more than five hundred officers and men from Maine in Washington's army in that memorable winter encampment. These facts were laid before the Maine Society of the Sons of the Ameri- can Revolution, and the president of the Society, Rev. Henry S. Burrage, D. D., prepared a statement of facts, which was presented to the Legislature of Maine early in 1907, with a request for an appropriation of five hundred dollars for the erection of a Maine Valley Forge memorial. The Legislature, after a hearing before the committee on appropriations, granted the request. By invitation of the Valley Forge Park Com- mission, Dr. Burrage visited Valley Forge in May, and the location of the memorial was established by the Commission. About this time Dr. Burrage made inquiry at the office of the secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as to the 2 Maitie at Valley- Forge possibility of obtaining from the Massachusetts Revolutionary rolls the names of the officers and the men from Maine who served in Massachusetts regiments at Valley Forge. It was ascertained that while a perfect list could not be obtained, inasmuch as there are names on the rolls with no residence attached, an approximate list could be made ; and by an arrangement with Major-General A. B. Farnham, adjutant- general of Maine, such a list was obtained for the office of the adjutant-general. This list when completed, showed that there were men from Maine in each of the eleven Massa- chusetts regiments at Valley Forge. These regiments were as follows : Colonel Benjamin Tupper's, Colonel Samuel Brewer's, Colonel Edward Wigglesworth's, Colonel Joseph Vose's, Colonel John Bailey's, Colonel Michael Jackson's, Colonel Thomas [Marshall's, Colonel Gamaliel Bradford's, Colonel James Wesson's, Colonel Timothy Bigelow's and Colonel William Shepard's. In order to make the lists as com- plete and authentic as possible a thorough examination was made of the Revolutionary rolls in the State House in Boston, under the direction of Mr. J. J. Tracy, chief of the department of Revolutionary rolls, and all the muster rolls and company returns in the eleven regiments that bore dates between October i, 1777, and April i, 1778, were carefully examined, and every name that carried with it a Maine residence was listed. In a number of instances no rolls or company returns were found of a date falling within the period mentioned, and in such cases rolls of an earlier date, also muster returns and wages accounts that gave proof of a man's having enlisted in one of the eleven regiments under the three years' call of January i, 1777, were taken and examined, and the names of all Maine men listed, as it was assumed that the individual Maine at Valley Forge 3 would be with his regiment except where his discharge or decease prior to October i, 1777, was reported. These lists will be found at the close of this report. It cannot be claimed, therefore, that the name of every man who was a resident of Maine, and served in any one of the eleven Massachusetts regiments at Valley Forge, is included in these lists, as in many instances no clue whatever could be discovered as to the residence of the soldier enrolled. Further- more, in making the lists, the clerks found entire companies of Maine men serving in the first three of the Massachusetts regiments mentioned above, and in examining the rolls they copied the rolls in their entirety together with the remarks entered against the names of individuals precisely as given on the original rolls. When the search was carried further, and embraced all names of Maine men on the rolls of Massa- chusetts regiments at Valley Forge, the clerks were instructed to eliminate all names of Maine men who could not have been at Valley Forge according to the evidence of the rolls, by reason of discharge, death or otherwise. After the rolls came into the possession of the adjutant-general, Dr. Burrage removed to a special list fifty-two names of men who could not, for the reason just given, have been at Valley Forge. After this elimination, the summary of the lists is as follows : COI,ONELS OFFICERS MEN Tupper, 17 253 Brewer 14 215 Wigglesworth 9 138 Vose, 7 128 Bailey, 3 65 Jackson, ..... o 56 Marshall, 2 21 Bradford, i 25 Maine at Valley Forge Wesson, Bigelow, Shepard, 2 i8 I 28 O 5 S6 952 56 Officers and men, 1,008 An extended search was made for a Maine boulder on which to place a bronze tablet in honor of these Maine patriots; but as a suitable boulder could not be found, a granite marker from the quarry at Redstone, near North Conway, N. H., was procured, and this with an inscription in bronze was unveiled at Valley Forge, October 17, 1907. The cost of the memorial was a little more than five hundred dollars. The following is the inscription on the marker : TO COMMEMORATE THE OFFICERS AND MEN FROM THAT PART OF NEW ENGLAND NOW KNOWN AS THE STATE OP MAINE WHO SERVED IN MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENTS IN THE CONTINENTAL ARMY UNDER WASHINGTON AT VALLEY FORGE IN THE WINTER OF 1777-8 SHARING THE HARDSHIPS THERE ENDURED, THIS MEMORIAL IS ERECTED BY THE STATE OP MAINE UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE MAINE SOCIETY OF THE SONS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 1907 THE UNVEILING AT VALLEY FORGE This occurred on Thursday, October 17, 1907. The day was cloudless, one of the brightest of autumn days. The company, including Governor Cobb of Maine and his staff, members of the Maine Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, well-known citizens of Maine, the Valley Forge Park Commission, members of the staff of Governor Stuart of Pennsylvania, and other guests, left Philadelphia by the Pennsylvania railroad in a special car at a little past nine o'clock in the forenoon. On arrival at Betzwood, the whole company became guests of the Valley Forge Park Commission. Carriages awaited them, and at once the party crossed the Schuylkill, and was driven to Washington's headquarters, — a small two and a half story stone house, having a semi- detached kitchen. In the house were many relics of interest, and a half hour was spent in examining them, and in visiting the various rooms. A ride through the Park, along the lines of Washington's intrenchments, followed. On the line occupied by the Pennsylvania troops, markers, with inscriptions in bronze, have recently been erected. At length the party reached that part of the line held by the Massachusetts troops. Paterson's Brigade, in which most of the Maine men served, occupied a commanding position, and on this part of the line, beautiful for situation, is placed the Maine marker. Here the children connected with the schools in the vicinity, with their teachers, were assembled, and they arranged themselves 6 Maine at Valley Forge around the men of Maine and Pennsylvania, who had come hither to unveil the memorial. President Fellows of the University of Maine, and President of the Maine Society of the Sons of the American Revolution, presided, and in opening the unveiling service he said : It has been the custom of all nations, throughout all the ages, to erect and dedicate monuments to victory. But the climax of human achievement is not always in the triumphs of success. It is often in the patient endurance of toil, and in the sadness of suffering. We who are here to-day are proud that some who came from the land where we now live were among those who here endured the trials of the terrible winter of 1 777-1 778, when there was little hope of immediate victory or glory. To suffer and wait here in this valley was a severer test of patriotism than the facing of cannon in the excitement of battle. I take pleasure in introducing to you Hon. Augustus F. Moulton of Portland, Me., the orator of this occasion. MR. MOULTON'S ADDRESS. We are here to-day as representatives of the State of Maine to take part in the dedication at Valley Forge Park of a monument to commemorate the valor and endurance of the sons of Maine once exhibited upon this spot. It is a place to which the patriotic American, proud of the glorious liberty- loving days of the Revolution, turns with a feeling of admira- tion that has in it quite as much of pathos as of triumph. In this place were displayed qualities of character of no common sort. We can well understand the passionate out- burst which impelled the untrained farmers at Lexington and Concord to assail the ranks of the disciplined British regulars. We can understand the desperate bravery exhibited by the patriot armies at the storming of Stony Point and at King's Hon. Augustus F. MouvroN Maine at Valley Forge 7 Mountain. We can understand the reckless contempt for death with which the sailors under Paul Jones lashed their sinking ship to her antagonist and wrenched victory from overwhelm- ing defeat. But it is more difficult to comprehend that higher type of courage which, amid surroundings that seemed to afford scarcely a ray of hope, enabled the soldiers of Wash- ington with unwavering fortitude and patient endurance to combat poverty, suffering and hunger during the long months of the terrible winter at Valley Forge. To this place Maine brings her separate tribute. She was not, as a distinct and independent colony, one of the old thirteen that composed the number of original States. Never- theless she claims that, although long acting jointly with and as a part of Massachusetts, she had all the time an identity of her own. She was known always as the Province of Maine, and her children, proudly claiming her reluctant soil and rocky shores as their heritage, did their duty here and else- where as sons of Maine in the days that tried men's souls. Maine began her colonial career upon an independent basis. In 1604, three years before the settlement of Virginia, the French established themselves upon the Island of St Croix, and traces of that occupation may still be seen. In 1607, thirteen years before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth, Captain George Popham built his fort and with a hundred men made his settlement at the mouth of the Kennebec. That this, although temporary, was actual settlement and occupation was claimed by England and admitted by France, and as such it appears in the treaty as the basis of the English title to New England. When the Puritans came to Massachusetts Bay in 1630, they found Maine already existing as a separate colony with embryo settlements established along her coast. In the years which followed, Maine, though sparsely settled and inferior in strength, was continually an object of dread to Massachusetts. It was founded as a royalist province, and for years it was the openly-expressed purpose of King Charles tO' make it the seat of his authority. In 1635 the commission 8 Maine at Valley Forge was actually drawn up which made its proprietor, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, governor general of all New England. Two years later it was the report that Gorges was coming with a thousand soldiers to assume his office that caused train bands to be organized and the bonfire to be made ready in Boston which gave to Beacon Hill its name. In 1639 the Palatinate of Maine received its royal charter with right to maintain a standing army and with Gorgeana, now York Beach, as its capital city. There can be little doubt that the meeting of the Long Parliament in 1640, and the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell which followed, alone saved republican Massachusetts from the domination of royalistic Maine. Massachusetts long sought to get control of the northern province because she feared the hostile influences which centered there. In the early years Maine was to Massachusetts what Carthage was to Rome. The Puritan colony attempted to include its territory within her limits by forced construction of her charter, but was frustrated by the courts. Under the friendly influences of the Puritan Commonwealth in England, reinforced by the press- ing need of assistance caused by Indian hostilities, she took possession of Maine with the strong hand, and held it by benevolent assimilation. She bought the province from the heir of Ferdinando Gorges, but the purchase was of doubtful validity. Finally, after two generations of independence, actual and nominal, "the Province of Maine" was in 1692, by the charter from William and Mary, included by that name in the limits of Massachusetts. Through all the years that followed and during the Revolutionary War Massachusetts and Maine, separated by the intervening colony of New Hampshire, were, though harmonious and united in a legislative way, neverthe- less each distinctive like England and Scotland. In proportion to her population Maine was largely repre- sented at Valley Forge. The army of Washington that went into winter quarters there numbered about eleven thousand. In the number were eleven regiments from Massachusetts. The method which prevailed at the beginning of the war, of Maine at Valley Forge 9 having each regiment composed of members from the same locality had been changed and the roster of these regiments shows that all of them had men from Maine. Colonel Benjamin Tupper 's regiment, the nth Massachusetts, had four of its eight companies almost exclusively of Maine men. The 1 2th Massachusetts, commanded by Colonel Samuel Brewer, was composed largely of recruits from the Pine Tree province. The loth Massachusetts, Colonel Thomas Marshall, and the 14th, Colonel Gamaliel Bradford, also had membership of men from our section. These four regiments were in the brigade of General John Paterson at Valley Forge, and the monument which we commemorate to-day is erected upon their camping ground. Part of the statistical figures which I give were furnished by Mr. Nathan Goold, librarian of the Maine Historical Society. From names found on detached and scattered muster rolls and reports which he has examined, and from other sources, it appears certain that there were in General Paterson's Brigade, exclusive of those in other commands, something over five hundred Maine men. Rev. Henry S. Burrage, D. D., the State historian, has also obtained from the muster rolls in the State House at Boston a list which, after eliminating those who had for various causes fallen out before going to Valley Forge, gives numbers as follows : Tupper, Brewer, 17 14 officers, , 253 privates. 215 Wiggleswor Vose, th, 9 7 138 128 (( Bailey, Jackson, Marshall, 3 2 (t tt a 65 S6 21 it ii ii Bradford, I tt 25 ii Wesson, 2 tt 18 a Bigelow, I tt 28 it Shepard, tt 5 ii Total, 56 952 10 Maine at Valley Forge There are upon the lists many names where the residence is not given, so that it may safely be assumed that the above total of one thousand and eight does not include all of the Maine men, and that the whole number was nearly or quite eleven hundred, or about one-tenth part of the entire Conti- nental army there. It is not necessary to relate at length the train of circum- stances which made it advisable and necessary for the army of Washington to go into winter quarters in a region so bleak and inhospitable. The settlers upon the American continent, isolated and neglected, had been trained in self reliance and in devotion to liberty. Theirs had been a peaceful settlement and their supreme desire was to establish government by the people, but they resented the encroachments of the Mother Country and responded with alacrity to the call to arms. At Lexington, Concord and Bunker Hill they learned to their own surprise and to the astonishment of the world that they were a match for the invincible regulars of Great Britain. They drove the British out of Boston. Then they declared the independ- ence of the colonies. In their enthusiasm they felt that the contest was won. But is was not long before there came a period of reverses. The royal troops arrived in force. New York was taken by the enemy and made their base operations. The patriot forts were captured and Lord Howe controlled the Hudson. Washington with inferior forces, poorly armed and ill equipped, defended the Jerseys with consummate skill, but the British, though baffled and delayed, made steady progress. Slowly and unwillingly the patriot forces were compelled to yield point after point, and the notable retreat across New Jersey was made under circumstances of the greatest depres- sion. The people there lost heart and began to make terms with the enemy. Washington alone did not despair, and closed the campaign of 1776 by his brilliant stroke of crossing the Delaware in the face of storms and floating ice and winning decisive and overwhelming victories at Trenton and Princeton. Maine at Valley Forge ii Again hope revived, and with the coming of Lafayette and the expectation of aid from France, the provincial forces raUied anew for the campaign of 1777. Burgoyne came down from the north, and Washington with the instinct of a great soldier threatened New York and kept Howe back so that he could not carry out his part of the plan of invasion. The colonials with a grand rally defeated Burgoyne and captured his whole army at Saratoga. Once more hope was effulgent and exultation took the place of despair. But most of the leading men in the Congress of the new Confederation had been called to other fields of action. Discordant and power- less except for mischief, it assumed to dictate everything. Inharmonious counsels prevailed. Personal jealousies and the ambition of selfish aspirants interfered with the best consid- ered plans. Tryon rioted along the coast of Connecticut. Washington, with difficulty keeping his ragged Conti- nentals together, fought, feinted, attacked and retreated. Howe's advance upon Philadelphia was begun as a triumphal march, but he found it a difficult compaign. Washington threw himself across the British advance and gave them a serious check at the Brandywine. It was the last of September when Howe reached Phila- delphia and Congress was forced to leave the place. Once more Washington made an attack at Germantown which, although unsuccessful, drew expressions of admiration from Frederick the Great. With the help of the navy, Howe reduced the forts on the Delaware, while the Americans opposed him step by step. Over at Edge Hill he took the offensive, but met with a decisive repulse and then went into winter quarters in what was the most opulent city in America. Washington, hindered, interfered with and overruled, had done all that it was possible to accomplish. The most surprising feat of all was that he had succeeded in keeping his ill-fed and poorly-equipped army together. In all these campaigns the men from Maine had borne an active part. During the Revolutionary War one-ninth part of 12 Maine at Valley Forge the soldiers of the Massachusetts line came from the Province of Maine. Our province furnished from first to last, for land and naval forces, more than six thousand men, not counting reenlistments. The capture of the Margaretta at Machias was the first naval battle of the Revolution. Maine men were at Ticonderoga in 1777 and at the battles of Stillwater and Saratoga. They were present at the surrender of Burgoyne, and fought at Monmouth and on the Delaware. Throughout the war they had a prominent part. At the siege of Boston, it is said, nearly every able-bodied man in western Maine was present. An old letter in the Massachusetts archives states that during the siege, when an urgent call was made for additional volunteers, they got the reply from Falmouth, now Portland : " Every one who can leave home is gone or going to Cambridge. They must draw upon this part of the province for women instead of men, and for knives and forks instead of arms." After the time of the conspiracy known as the Conway Cabal, it was required that the officers should renew their oath of allegiance, and on a partial list in one of the departments in Washington are found the names of twenty-two Maine officers who did so at Valley Forge. Old traditions are still repeated of the sufferings and hardships of that terrible winter. Governor John A. Andrew of Massachusetts, in an address delivered in his native town, Windham, Me., in 1862, told of the stories he there heard in his boyhood days, and that the veterans, Josiah Chute and John Swett, of Captain Mayberry's company, used to say that in their company during that time of frost and snow there were only two men who had shoes. In a report made by Colonel Tupper to the Massachusetts Legislature at the time, concern- ing his regiment, the nth, which had in it the largest proportion of our men, he said : " I wish it was in my power to picture to both Houses the extreme suffering of the poor unhappy soldiers from want of clothing, etc. I am sure it would move a heart of steel." Maine at Valley Forge 13 The campaign for the year 1777 had ended in gloom and despondency. The intrepid commander chose for his winter quarters the bleak and barren waste at Valley Forge. Though desolate and uncomfortable, it was nevertheless, as it after- wards appeared, a splendid strategic position. It could be easily defended and was within striking distance of Phila- delphia, the Brandywine and the Delaware. From that point he could constantly harrass the British if only the army could be made effective. December 11, 1777, eleven thousand heroes, of a stamp that Sparta might have envied, occupied the place and began to erect mud huts and log cabins for their winter home. The country was despondent and exhausted. It was felt that the brilliant flash of light at Saratoga had only for the moment illumined the darkness of the situation. Even the great Virginian whom they trusted had, as it seemed, with the utmost of exertion, accomplished only defeat. What use could there be in contending longer with the mightiest nation in the world that had scarcely begun to display its powers .? It was a winter of unusual severity, and the wonder grows that the army could have been kept together for a march to its camping ground. The blood tracks in the snow, of which we have heard, is a tale of actual fact, for the soldiers were almost destitute of shoes. An attack upon Howe's army at Phila- delphia was prevented by want of rations. Their fuel was the green trees of the surrounding forest. On the twenty-third of December, Washington informed Congress that he had two thousand eight hundred and ninety-eight men " unfit for duty because they are barefoot and otherwise naked," and that " for want of blankets many were fain to sit up all night by the fires instead of taking comfortable rest." Later, February 16, 1778, Washington wrote to Governor George Clinton: "For some days past there has been little less than famine in camp. A part of the army has been a week without any kind of flesh and the rest three or four days. Naked and starving as they are, we cannot enough admire the incomparable patience and 14 Maine at Valley Forge fidelity of the soldiers." At times scarcely a fifth part of the men were capable of bearing arms, and with an enormous sick list the hospital accommodations were hardly worth the name. The Congress, no longer having its great and patriotic leaders, was contemptuously described as "a stable of stupid cattle." It was constantly meddling with the military and dictating the appointment of officers. The real cause of the demoralization of the commissary department was due to this fact. Like the rest, Congress was despondent and captious. In addition to the other troubles in the camp, there was organized the celebrated Conway Cabal, which attempted to displace Washington and reorganize the army with Gates as chief. Insults were deliberately heaped upon the commanding general in the hope that he would thus be induced to resign. This is but a faint and general picture of the situation within the lines, as slowly days succeeded -days during that desolate winter. It was one long test of endurance. It could have been only an aggravation of the sufferings of these heroic men to know, as they must have known, that in great part their privations were altogether unnecessary and were due to discord and incompetency in the commissary department. Quantities of clothing and supplies sent them by their devoted compatriots were never delivered. Twenty-four miles away, in Philadelphia, they knew the British army of General Howe were passing their time in luxury and riotous dissipation, and all the time the most flattering inducements and substantial promises of reward were held out to any of the Americans who would abandon the patriot cause. Yet upon the muster rolls of Maine men that we have, although the death list is long, it is to their credit that scarcely any desertions are noted. This winter at Valley Forge was the midnight of the Revolution. We marvel that an army so treated, and subject to such conditions, did not break up and disband. It is now apparent that if they had done so, it must inevitably have made an end of the struggle for independence. Looking back upon that picture as it stands out against Maine at Valley Forge 15 the background of the past, there rises from every point of view, like Atlas supporting the heavens, the one commanding figure of Washington. Never for a moment during those months of suspense, when to falter was to be lost, was there any apparent diminution of his sublime faith and courage. The fate of the new nation was in his hands and he knew it. He shared every hardship of the camp. He revived the drooping courage of the disheartened officers and soldiers alike. He repelled the political attacks with statements of plain truth and fact. With ceaseless activity, as shown by his correspondence, he counselled with the Congress and kept in touch with the whole country. There were stout-hearted men in the Congress, too, as is shown by the story of William Duer of New York, one of its members, who when on his death-bed heard that the sustaining of Washington and his policies depended upon a single vote and demanded that he be carried in a litter to Philadelphia to ensure a majority. Robert Morris, also, the Pennsylvania financier, was in times of emergency a helper who never failed. This was the situation of those who were holding the fort from within. But they had accomplished more than they them- selves realized. Although they little knew it, the spectacle of Continental heroism had worked wonders without. The world at large, which knew little of the privations and sufferings of the colonies, saw with surprise that England, which had lately wrestpd from France all of her North Ameri- can possessions, which had just won a new empire in India and had chastised Spain and had no superior among the powers of the earth, was completely held at bay by these rebellious provincials. After nearly three years of effort she had, as it seemed, accomplished almost nothing. She held only the ground upon which her armies were encamped. She had lost her hold upon New England. The grand army of Burgoyne had been captured entire. The new flag flew in defiance over the whole south, and although the nominal capital had fallen, the struggle for its occupation had shown that the rebels had a 1 6 Maine at Valley Forge great commander, and the witty Franklin in Paris parried the blow by saying " Howe had not in fact captured Philadelphia but Philadelphia had captured Howe." France, eager for revenge, felt towards England as she has felt towards Germany since the Franco-Prussian war. In the British Parliament the Whigs were demanding with angry insistence that the war should stop, and declared that the ancient liberties of England were being defended by the rebels in America. Before the winter was over indications began to appear to those who watched and waited at Valley Forge that the morning light was breaking. Baron Steuben, who had served on the staff of Frederick the Great in the Seven Years War, a bluff and vigorous martinet, came as a volunteer to their encampment and began to drill the ragged troops in European tactics. Early in March the wan veterans, who amid their forlorn surroundings were preparing for the next campaign, heard the glorious news that on the sixth day of February a treaty had been signed by which France recog- nized the independence of the United States and agreed to assist them with armed support on land and sea. Spain, too, was said to be ready to enter into the alliance, and the great Frederick had stopped the enlistment of mercenary troops for the English and publicly opened his ports to American cruisers. By the time that spring had fully come the Congressional cabal had broken up in disgrace. General Nathaniel Greene had been put in charge of the quartermaster's department. Steuben, trained in the German school, was made inspector- general. Under General Henry Knox the artillery arm had become efficient. When the ground was in condition for military operations supplies had come, the soldiers were well trained and, too marvelous to relate if it were not an actual fact, Washington had under his command the best disciplined army that the country had yet seen. Men began to realize that it was his sagacity and patriotism that had saved the patriot cause and to regard him as the living symbol of the union of the States. Sheer pluck and unconquerable per- Maine at Valley Forge ly sistency had kept hope alive and set patriotism again upon its feet. The military value of Valley Forge was soon apparent. General Howe found that he must attack the Americans in their stronghold or abandon Philadelphia. He chose the latter alternative, and on the eighteenth of June, 1778, the exultant Americans marched into the city. They were now the aggressors. Nine days later they assailed the retreating British at Monmouth and the invading army was driven back to its defensive position in New York. The war for independence was far from being over. Even with the great assistance of France, three more weary years of endeavor were still to come before the end should appear. But the supreme crisis had been passed in safety, and the final victory in arrris at Yorktown was made possible by the even greater heroism and more steadfast valor of those who bore without faltering the test of physical endurance and mental strain in the dreary and disheartening winter at Valley Forge. The patriotic citizens at Pennsylvania, who have caused to be set apart as a public park the region where so much was done and suffered when in stress and effort the foundations of the Nation were being laid, have done a most worthy thing, not only for their own noble State but for the whole country as well. In a free land like ours the government and its institutions rest upon the voluntary support of its citizens. Whatever cultivates the virtue of patriotism and establishes high ideals is of both moral and material value. In the events which make the name of this locality everywhere known, Maine with proud humility claims a part. She tenders to-day this modest monu- mental tribute to the memory of her sons, who counted not their lives dear unto themselves if only they might obtain for those of their time and for their posterity a government under which every one might enjoy the fruits of his own labor and work out his own destiny. Through us she also extends her thanks and expresses her appreciation to the great Common- 1 8 Maine at Valley Forge wealth which has estabUshed this Park that it may forever teach the lesson that great results come only through self- sacrificing effort and, like the old bell in her Independence Hall, with its historic motto, may always "Proclaim liberty throughout the land unto all the inhabitants thereof." At the close of his oration Mr. Moulton read the following poem, prepared for the occasion by Mrs. Elisabeth PuUen of Portland : AT VALLEY FORGE. Winter declared the truce ; from out the north. The wind came as a herald sent to bear The white flag of the snowfall, crying forth His message resonant upon the air ; And war was halted in its grim affair. Yet subtle foes drew near the lonely place. Beleaguering the camp among the hills ; Hunger and cold and death, men had to face, And waning hope that with its wasting ills The measure of all misery fulfils. Neglected and misprized, how were they sure Of glorious ending to the weary test, Or of reward for them who should endure The night-watch, nor relax their strength in rest, Patient and firm at Liberty's behest ? The mighty chieftain with paternal hand Held discontent in leash, nor was dismayed ; Himself the exemplar of his faithful band Through gloomy hours when by cabals betrayed The assembly of the States their help delayed. Dark is the hour that presages the day, Long is the winter night before the sun Turns in his heaven, and with a kindling ray The promise of the springtime is begun And golden fires along the horizon run. Hon. Wili^iam T. Cobb Maine at Valley Forge 19 So in the east appeared a friendly light ; Liberty's sunrise flamed across the sea, Reviving patriot hearts to meet the fight, Indomitable, and win their land to be The home forever of a people free ! The Maine marker was then presented to the Valley Forge Park Commission. In making the presentation, Hon. Wihiam T. Cobb, Governor of Maine, said: Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : The whole country owes a debt of gratitude to the men and women who, justly proud of their ancestry, have done so much to perpetuate the deeds and memories of those who particpated in the struggle for independence and constitutional liberty in America. A definite motive inspired the great Commonwealth upon whose soil we stand to-day, and whose guests in a sense we are, to set aside, to care for and to consecrate forever to a reverent patriotism this hallowed and historic ground. A definite motive prompted Maine to heed the request of the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution of that State, and to cause to be erected here a monument to commemorate the faithfulness and valor of the men who, living then in what is now Maine, left their homes and bore their share of the hardships of that memorable winter at Valley Forge. The motive in each case was the same and is a thankful appreciation of the sacrifices made for country and for liberty. So long as it exists and finds its sincere expression in acts and ways like these, so long will the fires of patriotism illumine the path to true national grandeur and the permanency of our institutions be assured. It has often been the fate of one generation to struggle, to suffer, even to die, for the triumph of a righteous principle ; but their memory is indeed blessed if a calmer future shall vindicate their cause, and if to their own successors shall come the full enjoyment of the conditions established by that sacrifice. 20 Maine at Valley Forge With this lesson in our hearts, we are here to pay our tribute of respect and veneration to all those who made the glories of this spot immortal. In behalf of the State of Maine, I present to you, sir, as the President of the Valley Forge Park Commission, this memorial. It is neither magnificent in proportion nor ornate in design, but with it none the less are brought the sentiments of a State proud of her history and traditions, grateful to the men who made and preserved them, and of a people to whose patriotism and loyalty no appeal has yet been made in vain. At the close of the Governor's address, the marker was unveiled by General Selden Connor and Rev. Henry S. Burrage, D. D. It stands on a concrete foundation, is six feet high, five feet wide, four feet deep at the base, and three and a half feet deep at the top, the front slanting from the base to the top six inches. The two laurel wreaths, at the base of the marker as seen in the frontispiece, were an expression on the part of the Commission of their interest in the unveiling of the Maine memorial. Colonel W. H. Sayen, president of the Valley Forge Park Commission, responded to Governor Cobb's address as follows : Governor Cobb and fellow citizens of the great State of Maine : Allow me to congratulate you on this beautiful work which you have erected to the memory of your heroic ancestors. I call them heroes because of their bravery and endurance. Any man can fight, but not every man can endure. As you gaze upon these beautiful hills and valleys, still clothed with the verdure of summer, you who live in your magnificent homes of modern civilization, palaces with every comfort, cannot even imagine the sufferings of these patriots under the terrible winter of 1777-8. Nothing of your comforts was known to them. Even the use of anaesthetics was undiscovered and they Maine at Valley Forge 2i had to submit to the terrible torture of the tourniquet and agonies of the surgeon's saw without a murmur. Governor of Maine and citizens thereof : in the name of all the citizens of these United States, and especially in the name of the great State of Pennsylvania, whose munificence has enabled us to establish this magnificent park, I accept this beautiful tribute to the bravery and endurance of your noble ancestors. President Fellows then introduced ex-Governor Samuel W. Pennypacker, who spoke as follows : Although born not more than four miles from this place, the first time I ever saw the hills of Valley Forge was in the company of a man from Maine, Neal Dow, who was responsible for some of the legislation which has characterized your State and who was then paying a visit to my father. It was over fifty years ago, and I was about ten years of age. Even at that early time efforts were being made for the preservation of these intrenchments ; and they together, Neal Dow and my father, came to view the camp, taking me along with them. Mr. Dow wrote a letter to a Boston newspaper under the date of October lo, 1853, in which he said: "Upon the parapet of this redoubt, a little son of my friend picked up, directly at my feet, and presented to me an Indian arrowhead of white quartz, of perfect form and proportions. It is about an inch and a half long and three-fourths of and inch wide at the broadest part. There were no Indians at Valley Forge with Washington. If there had been any they would have been armed with rifles or muskets, and not with bows and arrows. This arrowhead, therefore, is a relic of far distant times, was dropped upon the earth and thrown up by the spade of the builders of these works, and the rains of many years exposed it to view." I was that "little son," and Neal Dow never forgot me. Whenever thereafter he wrote letters to my father, he always sent his regards to "little Tommy," the name alone and not the event having escaped him. 22 Mame at Valley Forge My visit to Valley Forge to-day is in the company of men and women from Maine. It is with great pleasure that upon this auspicious occasion I have met your distinguished governor and the worthy persons who have attended him hither. The relations which have existed between the people of Maine and those of Pennsylvania have ever been close, and sometimes important. When, many years ago, as the old political song tells us, Maine went Hell bent For Governor Kent, if it cannot be truthfully said that Pennsylvania followed, she nevertheless moved in precisely the same direction. Nowhere in the country were there greater regard and esteem felt for Tom Reed than along the banks of the Schuylkill and the Susquehanna. When Pennsylvania was generous enough to surrender one of the greatest of the statesmen which she and the nation has ever produced, she sent James G. Blaine to the State of Maine, to represent your people as well as her own in national and cosmopolitan affairs. The camp ground of Valley Forge, better than any battle field, represents those qualities of persistence and endurance under hardship and disaster, which made the War of the Revolution successful. With respect to this camp, the Com- monwealth of Pennsylvania, ever strong and ever true, has, upon every other occasion, both past and present, arisen to the full performance of her duty. She has established and maintained this park, and intends to maintain it for all time to come, in no narrow spirit, but as an object lesson of patriotism for all of the people of all of the United States, a reminder ot the past and a harbinger of the future. To me it is exceedingly gratifying, as I am sure it is to you, that the first markers erected upon these hallowed grounds, to designate the lines occupied by the troops in the winter of 1777 and 1778, are those of Maine and Pennsylvania. President Fellows announced, as the last speaker. Colonel Seth C. Gordon, M. D., of Portland, who said: O n Maine at Valley Forge 23 Mr. Chairman and members of the Valley Forge Park Commission : As a citizen of Maine I most cheerfully join with you in paying a just tribute to the officers and soldiers from Maine, for the heoric fortitude and patient endurance displayed during the terrible winter of 1 777-1 778. The most eloquent language fails to describe, in the smallest degree, the bodily and mental suffering of that little band of loyal men. I congratulate you who have been most active and earnest in placing this beautiful marker in this conspicuous position, as a memorial from the sons and daughters of Maine to those heroes whose memory all so fondly cherish. Honor, fame and glory have always clustered around the heads of the rank and file of any successful army throughout the world. The men who have led the armies, and the soldiers who have fought the battles, have been the recipients of this honor, fame and glory. This is right — just as it should be. So long as wars shall exist these must meet the foes in battle array, facing death from the bullet and shell. Such heroism we all salute and to which we are all ready to accede honor and glory. To Washington and his loyal soldiers at Valley Forge we accord all admiration for the patience and wisdom that so strongly characterized them. But the battles that were fought during that long, cold winter were not with shot and shell. The foes they met were hunger, cold, disease and death. The heroes of this fight were the surgeons of the Continental Army.^ They bravely met and, so far as lay in their power, conquered pestilence and averted death. Two thousand cases of small pox alone were among the many foes that the medical department contended with. Heroes no less deserving of honor, glory and fame, in this department, stood shoulder to shoulder with Washington and his officers and soldiers in meeting and conquering the only enemy that attacked Valley Forge during the entire period of the encampment. History fails to record even the names of these heroes, or if perchance their names are recorded, they have passed into oblivion. While we would not 24 Maine at Valley Forge detract from the rank and file, we know that to the army surgeon should be accorded an equal meed of praise. To him all looked for aid and comfort and looked not in vain. I therefore take this occasion to bespeak for my own profession the just recognition of the valuable services rendered the army under Washington at Valley Forge. The impressive service was closed with the singing of " My Country, 'tis of Thee," in which the entire assembly joined. Mr. William H. Rau, Chestnut and Eighteenth Streets, Philadelphia, then took the excellent photographs of the marker and of the assembly, used in illustrating this report of the proceedings. Governor Cobb and his staff, with the other guests of the day, including Maj or-General John R. Brooke, U. S. A., and Major-General Henry C. Merriam, U. S. A., were then taken to the pre-Revolutionary inn. The King of Prussia, where an excellent lunch was served. The members of the Valley Forge Park Commission made this the occasion of a most delightful social intermingling. At its close the guests from Maine joined heartily in three cheers for the Commission, and these were as heartily returned by the members of the Com- mission. A pleasant three-mile drive took the party to Norristown, whence the special car of the morning brought the company back to Philadelphia. Everything was done by the Valley Forge Park Commis- sion to make the day a memorable one ; but especial mention should be made of the secretary of the Commission, Colonel A. H. Bowen, whose services in connection with the placing of the marker, as well as in connection with the celebration itself, were painstaking and unremitting. MAINE SOLDIERS AT VALLEY FORGE Asa Hutchins, Daniel How, Pelatiah Allen, Men from what is now the State of Maine whose names appear on company returns of Massachusetts line regiments serving at Valley Forge in the winter 1777-1778 : COLONEL SAMUEL BREWER'S REGIMENT. CAPTAIN JOHN CHADWICK'S COMPANY. Sergea7its. Arundel, Taken prisoner July 7, 1777. " Sick at Tyringham. Privates. Harpswell, On furlough, also reported deserted February 13, 1777. Foster Bestor, Brunswick. Gershom Boston, Wells, Not joined. Nathaniel Day, " Deserted December 11, 1779 (?) CAPTAIN SII.AS BURBANK'S COMPANY. Captain. Scarborough, On furlough. Lieutenant. Kittery. Second Lieutenant. Falmouth. Ensign. Berwick. Sergeants. Kittery. Gorham, On furlough. Silas Burbank, William Frost, James Means, Adriel Warren, William Cole, Richard Hines, 26 Maine at Valley Forge Daniel Parcher, Pelatiah McDanniel Sergeants {continued) . Scarborough. or McDonnell, Gorham. Corporals. John Murch, Gorham. John Carll (or Car- rell), Scarborough. James Jackson, Cape Elizabeth. Andrew Tyler, Scarborough. Fifer. Eleazar Burbank, Scarborough, On furlough. Privates. Benjamin Beels, Kittery. Henry Beels, Lemuel Smith, Wm. Dixon, " On furlough. Daniel McVaughan, Reuben Frost, Nathaniel Frost, " On command with ye Majr. Azariah Ivibbey, James Smart, John Patch, Robert Patch, Samuel Patch, Jonathan Patch, James Witham, Jedidiah Witham, John Jordan, Charles Sargant, York. Daniel Grant, Berwick, Turned over to the Invalid Corps, Boston. Samuel Dyer, " On furlough. John Burnal, Gorham. Josiah Brackitt, Falmouth. Samuel Carll or Carel, Carroll, Ebenezar Carll or Carel, Carroll, Jonathan Bouty, Benjamin Dyer, Jonathan Fields, Vincent Picket, Nathaniel Picket, Zechariah Foss, Benjamin Green, Charles Hall, Thomas Harmon, James Leary, Abner McDanniel or McDonell, John Mitchell, Moses Merrill, David Burbank, Josiah Peebody, Simeon Saubourn, Ebenezar Seavey, David Webb, Joseph Green, John Eastman, Wm. Witemore or Whitmore, Abraham York, Jacob Smith, Solomon Green, Daniel Green, Job Hall, Jonathan Thorn - dick. Maine at Valley Forge 27 Privates {^continued'). Scarborough, Left at Albany sick. Falmouth, Sick, absent. Cape Elizabeth. Scarborough, Sick, absent. Cape Elizabeth. " On furlough. Scarborough. Gorham. Pearson town. Scarborough. Falmouth. Gorham. Wells, On furlough. North Yarmouth. Scarborough, On furlough. Gorham. Pearsontown. Scarborough, On furlough. Gorham, Left sick at Albany. Falmouth, On furlough. Pepperellborough. Gorham, Discharged. Pearsontown, Missing since 7th July [1777]. Kittery, Do Do " Do Windham, Do Cape Elizabeth, Deserted. 28 Maine at Valley Forge Not given. Timothy Kennard, Kittery. James Feruald, " Michael Brawn, " Shim Emery, " Seth Hammond, " Sick, absent. CAPTAIN ELISHA BREWER'S COMPA^fY. Privates. David Hatch, Gorham. Enoch Wissel, " CAPTAIN JOSIAH JENKINS' COMPANY. Captain. Josiah Jenkins, Gorham, On furlough. Lieutena7it. David Watts, Gorham, Second Lieutenant. Benjamin Thompson, Brunswick, Sick, absent. Sergeants. Samuel Jenkins, Gorham. Elijah Davis, " Ebenezer Morton, " On furlough. Corporals. John Greely, Gorham, On furlough. John Mirick, Kennebeck. Benjamin Nason, Arundel. Drummer. Joshua Wescot, Scarborough, On furlough. Privates. Nathan Bangs, Gorham. Amos Brown, " John Foye, " John Green, " Sick, absent of his wound. James Gilkey, " Maine at Valley Forge 29 Privates {continued). Ichabod Hunt, Gorham. John Knights, Ebenezer Morton, Jr. Joseph Mcl^allen, Ebenez. Phinney, Sick, absent of his wound Moses Poland, On furlough. Benja. RoUf, John Astin or Austin, Brunswick. John Arno, Georgetowr Paul Lowell, (( Seth Hinkley, " Joseph Sargant, H Sick, absent of his wound John Cool, Kennebeck David Emery, (( Nathan Emery, i( William Kendal, a Frederick Peckin, " Solomon Spencer, ~ivaies {continued'). Georgetown, Slain in battle July 7, 1777. Falmouth, Deserted March 20, 1777. Newcastle, Died May 10, 1777. York, Died Sept. 6, 1777. COI,ONEI, JOSEPH VOSE'S REGIMENT. Captain. Jeremiah Hill, Biddeford, Resigned Dec. 5, 1777. COXONEI, JOHN BAII,EV'S REGIMENT. Private. William Preble, Old York, Killed in battle. INDEX TO MAINE MEN AT VALLEY FORGE INDEX Abbitt, Nathaniel, 60 Abbot, James, 59 Abbott, John, 48 Abbott, James, 48 Abbott, Joseph, 38 Abbott, Walter, 38 Adams, Joseph, 38 Adams, Richard, 38 Adams, Samuel, 42 Adams, Zebulon, 64 Adkison, William, (Atkins) 52 Alen, John, 44 Allen, Amos, 35 Allen, Daniel, 61 Allen, Daniel, 42 Allen, Pelatiah, 25 Allen, Peter, 45 Allen William, 42 Allen, Wright, 31 Alley, Ephraim, 48 Anderson, Barzillai, 63 Anderson, Thomas, 57 Amo, John, 29 Astin, John, (or Austin) 29 Attwood, Stephen, 42 Austen, Benoni, 42 Austin, Jonah, 60 Ayers, Samuel, 42 Baker, Jotham, 38 Baker, Solomon, 48 Bagley, Benjamin, 42 Bailey, Daniel, 57 Bailey, James, 58 Bailey, John, 58 Bailey, Joshua, 57 Bailey, Josiah, 58 Baley, Hutson, 40 Ball, John, 58 Bangs, Nathan, 28 Banks, Jeremiah, 38 Barry, Nathaniel, (Berry) 61 Barter, Joseph, 48 Bartlet, Joseph, 59 Barton, Ebenezer, 35 Bathrick, Abel, 63 Bay ley, John, 40 Bayley, William, 40 Heal, John, 38 Beal, Matthias ,30 Beals, William, 45 Beckley, Daniel, 50 Bedel, John, 44 Beels, Benjamin, 26 Beels, Henry, 26 Bennett, Peter, 57 Bently, Samuel, 37 Berry, George, 35 Berstow, Benjamin, 42 Bestor, Foster, 25 Bettiss, Jeremiah, 30 Biter, Peter, 29 Black, Joab, (Josiah) 36 Black, Joseph, 55 Black, Moses, 37 Black, Richard, 38 Blair, James, 58 Blake, John, 31 Blake, John, 31 Blanchard, Nathaniel, 45 Blasdel, Nicholas, 44 BliflBn, Increase, 45 72 Maine at Valley Forge Bloone, Solomon, 50 Bluskey, Frederick O., 61 Eoothby, William, 51 Boston, Gershom, 25 Boston, Junior, 40 Bongs, Samuel, 60 Bowey, George, (Bovey) 40 Boyad, William, 37 Bracket, Anthony, 40 Bracket, Samuel, 40 Brackett, Daniel, 45 Brackitt, Josiah, 26 Bradbury, Daniel, 51 Bradbury, Wyman, 30 Bradlee, David, 50 Bradstreet, Dudley, 40 Bragdon, Arthur, 40 Bragdon, Daniel, 30 Bragdon, John, 55 Bragdon, Josiah, 37 Branscom, Charles, 36 Brawn, Michael, 28 Brazier, John, 45 Briant, Abraham, 35 Bridges, Samuel, 47 - Bridges, Stephen, 38 , Brimhall, Silvanus, 35 Brown, Amos, 28 Brown, Andrew, 33 Brown, Benjamin, 50 Brown, Benjamin, 51 Brown, Daniel, 30 Brown, Daniel, 51 Brown, Jacob, 47 Brown, James, 42 Brown, Joseph, 65 Brown, Moses, 51 Buck, Moses, 51 Bunton, William, 57 Burbank, David, 27 Burbank, Eleazar, 26 Burbank, Silas, 25 Burges, John, 63 Bumal, John, 26 Burton, Benja., 59 Bussell, Isaac, 50 Butler, Ichabod, 55 Butler, James, 51 Butler, James, 55 Butler, John, 31 Butler, Phineas, 60 Butler, William, 55 Butman, Bradstreet, 53 Buzzell, Abraham, 55 Campbell, James, 51 Canada, Philip, (Kannady) 31 Carll, Ebenezer, (or Carel, Car- roll) 27 Carll, Evens, 60 Carll, John, (or Carrell) 26 Carll, Robert, 60 Carll, Samuel, (or Carel, Carroll) 27 Carr, William, 58 Carvel, Henry, 30 Cash, John, 40 Cash, Samuel, 45 Cash, Samuel, 5o Catland, Joseph, 59 Cellers, John, 45 Chadbourn, Levi, 48 Chadbourn, Silas, 34 Chadburn, William, 47 Chandler, Noah, 63 Chase, Eleazer, 36 Childs, Isaac, 42 Chute, Josiah, 35 Clarinbole, Hezekiah,734 Clark, Hanniel, 36 Clark, James, 58 Clark, Thomas, 48 Cleamonds, Aaron, 62 Cleaves, Edmund, 51 Clements, Aaron, 55 Clough, Reuben, 40 Index 71 Cluf, Enoch, 33 Coalby, Samuel, 59 Coalby, Spencer, 57 Cobb, James, 35 Coffin, Peter, 62 Colbroth, Daniel, 30 Colbroth, Lemuel, 30 Cole, Ebenezer, 30 Cole, Ebenezer, 55 Cole, John, 51 Cole, John, 55 Cole, John, 62 Cole, Noah, 45 Cole, Samuel, 31 Cole, William, 25 Conant, Barthow., 36 Conway, William, 45 Cool, John, 29 Coolbroth, James, 32 Coolbroth, James, 53 Cooms, Joseph Strout, 32 Cooper, Alexander, 48 Cornish, John, 42 Cotton, John, 48 Couch, William, 30 Cousens, Samuel, 37 Cox, Benjamin, 40 Cox, Enoch, 42 Cox, John, 30 Cox, William, 42 Cresey, Benjamin, 35 Crime, Timothy, 33 Cromitt, Jeremiah, 48 Cross, John, 46 Cunningham, Samuel, 47 Curtis, Stephen, 45 Cushing, Loring, 30 Dacy, John, (Dary) 52 Damon, Samuel, 61 Darby, Samuel, 55 Davidson, John, 46 Davis, Banks, 40 Davis, Elijah, 28 Davis, Israel, 48 Davis, John, 63 Davis, Joshua, 29 Davis, Michael, 54 Davis, Nathaniel, 38 Davis, Philip, 31 Davis, William, 35 Davis, William, 40 Davis, William, 56 Day, Dependence, 32 Day, Nathaniel, 25 Dearing, William, 30 Delino, Seth, 60 Delleano, Jabez, 63 Dempsey, James, 30 Deneco, Joseph, 33 Dennison, David, 52 Dennitt, David, 60 Dickey, David, 61 Dixon, Abraham, 30 Dixon, Wm., 26 Dole, Richard, 60 Dolly, John, 52 Donnell, James, 29 Donnell, Jotham, 30 Donnell, Timothy, 52 Dorman, John, 33 Dorman, Josiah, 38 Douglass, John, 45 Douty, George, 45 Douty, Jonathan, 27 Dow, Joseph, 64 Dow, Sampson, 61 Downes, Benjamin, 48 Downs, Paul, 56 Dresser, Jonathan, 62 Drown, Moses, 38 Drown, Stephen, 38 Dudley, Trueworthy, 56- Dunn, Christopher, 35 Dunton, Seth, 54 Dwyer, Timothy, 44 74 Maine at Valley Forge Dyer, Benjamin, 27 Dyer, Bickford, 32 Dyer, Bickford, 53 Dyer, Ephaim, 35 Dyer, Samuel, 26 Eastman, John, 27 Eaton, Joseph, 38 Eaton, William, 38 Edwards, Daniel, 38 Edwards, Nathaniel, 44 Elder, William, 51 Eldridge, Daniel, 48 Elliot, Daniel, 60 Elliott, Thomas, 54 Ellis, Paul, 63 Emery, David, 29 Emery, Nathan, 29 Emery, Shim, 28 Evens, Joseph, 61 Facundus, Abraham, 38 Fairfield, John, 33 Fairfield, William, 33 Farmum, John, 58 Farnham, Chapin, (or Varnum) 47 Farnum, Anselm, 57 Farrington, Ebenezer, 53 Fenix, Joshua, 56 Pernald, James, 28 Femald, Joshua, 55 Ferrin, Michael, 52 Ficket, Nathaniel, 27 Picket, Vincent, 27 Field, Daniel, 37 Fields, Jonathan, 27 Fletcher, Benjamin, 47 Fley, John, 60 Fling, John, 48 Flood, Henry, 52 Flood, James, 52 Foot, Thomas, 42 Foot, Thomas, 61 Ford, James, 56 Ford, Miles, 55 Forss, David, 60 Foss, Levi, 51 Foss, Zechariah, 27 Foster, Joseph, 30 Foster, Nathaniel, 57 Foye, John, 28 Francis, Joseph, 64 Frank, Thomas, 29 Ereeman, John, 37 Freeman, Jr., John, 37 Freethey, Joseph, 37 Frost, Caleb, 56 Frost, Ichabod, 44 Frost, Nathaniel, 26 Frost, Reuben, 26 Frost, William, 25 Frye, Nathaniel, 63 Gammon, Phillip, 53 Gardener, Nicholas, 62 Garrell, Samuel, 61 Gasten, Jesse, 52 Gatchell, Zachariah, 30 Gaudy, John, (or Goody) 49 Gent, Wm., 62 Gerrish, George, 45 Gerrish, James, 45 Gibson, John, 30 Gifford, John, 40 Giles, Paul, 33 Giles, Thomas, 47 Gilkey, James, 28 Gilpatrick, Ezekiel, 52 Given, John, 42 Glass, John, 56 Goff, William, 51 Goodwin, John Dunmark, 32 Goodwin, Joseph, 46 Goodwin, Nehemiah, 46 Goodwin, Samuel, 32 Goodwin, Samuel, (or Goodale) 38 Index 75 Googins, Richard, 52 Goold, Moses, 45 Gorden, John, 46 Graffam, Enoch, 53 Graffam, Oliver, 42 Graffam, Samuel, 40 Grant, Daniel, 26 Grant, Edw., 58 Grant, Peter, 38 Gray, Aaron, 52 Gray, Daniel, 58 Gray, Dominicus, 38 Greely, John, 28 Green, Benjamin, 27 Green, Daniel, 27 Green, John, 28 Green, John, 35 Green, Joseph, 27 Green, Samuel, 64 Green, Solomon 27 Green, William, 40 Greenleaf, Joseph, 59 Greenleaf, Richard, 47 Grouse, George, 43 Guptail, Thomas, 47 Guston, David, 36 Hall, Charles, 27 Hall, Job, 27 Hall, Levi, 43 Hall, Ivuther, 42 Hall, William, 43 Hamblen, Elijah, 35 Hamblin, (or Hamilton) Jona, 56 Hamblin, (or Hamilton) Joshua, 56 Hammond, Samuel, 63 Hammond, Seth, 28 Hance, John, 53 Hance, William, 53 Hanscom, Nath'l, 31 Hanson, Henry, 56 Harmon, Moses, 41 Harmon, Thomas, 27 Harris, Aaron, 52 Harris, Samuel, 50 Harriss, Samuel, 33 Harvey, Thomas, 31 Haskel, John, 36 Haskell, Thomas, 53 Hasty, William, 39 Hatch, Asa, 53 Hatch, David, 28 Hatch, Ezekiel, 33 Hatch, John, 37 Hatch, Joshua, 38 Hawks, John, 45 Hearderson, Peter, 48 Heari, James, 56 Hemmingway, Samuel, 40 Henshaw, Joshua, 45 Hicks, Samuel, 40 Hill, Daniel, 50 Hill, David, 57 Hill, Nelson, 32 Hill, Thomas, 60 Hilton, Ebenezer, 56 Hilton, Eliskim, 55 Hilton, Morritt, (or Morrill) 58 Hilton, William, 59 Hiues, Richard, 25 Hinkley, Seth, 29 Hodgsdon, Joseph, 56 Hodgsdon, Stephen, 56 Hoit, Benjamin, 60 Hoit, David, 40 Hoit, John, 40 Holden, John, 37 Holmes, John, 34 Hooper, Jacob, 51 Hooper, John, 51 Hooper, Nathaniel, 52 Hopkins, Richard, 45 Hopkins, Solomon, 49 Hose, George James, (Hase) 44 How, Daniel, 25 !(> Maine at Valley Forge Howe, Samuel, 5i Hubbard, Joseph, 32 Hughes, Nicholas, 36 Hunewel, Thomas, 59 Hunniford, Josiah, 32 Hunniwell, Roger, 53 Hunt, Daniel, 63 Hunt, Ichabod, 29 Hunt, John, 42 Hunt, William, 35 Huntoon, Jonathan, 49 Huntriss, George, 48 Hurchins, Noah, 30 Hutchings, HoUis, 47 Hutchings, Levi, 32 Hutchings, Samuel, 33 Hutchings, Simeon, 32 Hutchings, Thomas, 47 Hutchins, Asa, 25 Hutchins, John, 45 Ingersel], Nathaniel, 41 Jackson, James, 26 Jackson, Henry, 35 Jackson, Robert, 36 Jacobs, Benjamin, 31 Jacobs, George, 50 Jacobs, John, 52 Jamerson, Martin, 43 Jenkins, Josiah, 28 Jenkins, Samuel, 28 Johnson, Nathan, 50 Johnson, Stephen, 38 Johnson, Wm., 60 Jones, Jeremiah, 32 Jones, John, 43 Jones, Joseph, 43 Jones, Lazarus, 38 Jones, Samuel, 38 Jonson, John, 41 Jordan, David, 64 Jordan, Edmond, 35 Jordan, Hezekiah, 35 Jordan, Humphrey, 41 Jordan, James, 35 Jordan, John, 26 Jordan, John, 35 Jordan, Robert, 36 Jose, Richard, 47 Kelloch, David, 50 Kelloch, James, 50 Kelloch, John, 50 Kendal, William, 29 Kennard, Timothy, 28 Kennerson, Samuel, 56 Kenney, Abijah, 48 Kenny, Thomas, 44 Kent, John, 49 Kent, Stephen, 38 Kincade, Samuel, 46 Kinkade, Reuben, 47 Kilgore, James, 62 Killgore, Truporthy, 54 Kimbal, Isaac, 33 Kimball, Jacob, 33 Kimball, Joseph, 47 Kimball, Nathan, 38 Kinney, Love, 43 Knap, Shadrack, 51 Knight, George, 63 Knight, Stephen, 54 Knight, Winthrop, 64 Knight, Zachariah, 43 Knights, John, 29 Laller, Daniel, 31 Lambert, Ebenezer, 63 Lamont, Thomas, 61 Lamson, James, 58 Lamson, Samuel, 58 Lancaster, Joseph, 57 Laraby, Ezekiel, 46 Lasley, George, (Lessly) 64 Lassell, Caleb, 33 Index 77 Laurance, Joseph, 43 Law, Beniah, 41 Lawrence, John, 51 Lawrence, William, 51 Leach, Mark, 54 Leary, James, 27 Lee, John, 47 Legrow, Elias, 45 Legrow, Joseph, 45 Lemont, John, 61 Lenekin, Joseph, 49 Lessner, Georre, 64 Lewis, Abijah, 47 Lewis, Archelaus, 53 Lewis, Benjamin, 33 Lewis, Edward, 32 Lewis, Joseph, 33 Libbey, Azariah, 26 Lib by, Allison, 41 Libby, Benjamin, 41 Libby, Edmund, 41 Libby, Edward, 41 Libby, Francis, 35 Libby, Hanson, 39 Libby, James, 41 Libby, Joab, 34, Libby, Jonathan, 34 Libby, Luke, 41 Libby, Reuben, 37 Libby, Simeon, 40 Libby, William, 41 Lincoln, Joseph, 31 Linnard, (Leonard") Williams, Linscot, Joseph, 51 Linscot, Theodore, 51 Lithgo, William, 34 Little, John, 50 Littlefield, Anthony, 23 Littlefield, David, 38 Littlefield, John, 38 Littlefield, Jotham, 39 Littlefield, Noah M., 34 Lombard, Jonathan, 41 Lord, Abraham 33, Lord, Daniel, 56 Lord, Ichabod, 56 Lord, Jeremiah, 47 Lord, Nathan, 48 Lord, Richard, 48 Lord, Samuel, 48 Lord, Simeon, 48 Lord, Simeon, 55 Lowell, Paul 29 Loyen, (also Lynde or Lions) John, 43 Lumbard, Butler, 35 Lumbard, Caleb, 35 Lumbard, Jedidiah, 35 Lumbard, Nathaniel, 35 Lunt, Daniel, 39 Lunt, Job, 41 Lydston, Robey, 31 Madding, John, 59 Majory, John, 44 Maloney, William, 49 Manchester, Stephen, 54 Marshall, Daniel, 47 Martin, Robert, 51 Marton, Ebenezer, 28 Mason, George, 59 Mason, John, 51 Mason, John, 64 Mason, Jonas, 51 Mastin, (or Marsden) Daniel, 44 39 Mathews, William, 43 Matthews, James, 64 May, John, 64 Mayberry, Richard, 34 Mayberry, Richard, 35 Mayberry, William, 35 Maynard, Joseph, 49 McCaffrey, James, 65 McCarter, Daniel, 59 McCay, Daniel, 63 McCib, James, 61 78 Maine at Valley Forge McDannell, (or McDonnell) Pela- tiah, 26 McDanniel, (or McDonnell) Abner, 27 McDonald, John, 43 McDonald, John, 2d, 43 McDonnald, James, 56 McFarland, Robert, 36 McGee, Peter, 46 McGill, William, 43 McKeney, Isaac, 41 McKeney, Joseph, 40 McKeney, William, 39 McLallen, Joseph, 29 McLallen, Plato, 64 Mcl/Caland, Alexander, 47 Mclvucas, Joshua, 31 McQuigg, Daniel, 58 McVaughan, Daniel, 26 Means, James, 25 Means, Thomas, 42 Melvin, John, 53 Mendum, Jonathan, 30 Meriel, Mark, 64 Merrill, Daniel, 32 Merrill, Jacob, 34 Merrill, Moses, 27 Merrow, John, 58 Milbury, Jotham, 31 Milican, Josiah, 64 Miller, Benjamin, 33 Miller, John, 36 Miller, L,emuel, 32 Millions, Robert, 35 Mirick, John, 28 Mitchel, Gregory, 39 Mitchel, John, 39 Mitchel, John, 51 Mitchell, John, 27 Mitchell, John, (alias James) 54 Mitchell, Richard, 29 Moody, Daniel, 41 Moody, Joel, 41 Moor, Moses, 46 Moore, Edward, 56 Moore, John, 47 Moore, Thomas, 43 Morse, Anthony, 42 Morse, Richard, 51 Morton, Jr., Ebenezer, 29 Moses, Daniel, 60 MuUoy, Hugh, 42 Murch, John, 26 Murch, Matthias, 32 Murphy, Robert, 47 Murry, Samuel, 41 Nash, William, 65 Nason, Benjamin, 28 Nason, David, 53 Nason, John, 37 Nason, Joshua, 32 Nason, Moses, 56 Nason, Nathaniel, 53 Nason, Uriah, 54 Nason, Shubel, 39 Nealley, Thomas, 49 Newman, Joseph, 59 Noble, Anthony, 54 Nock, James, 56 Nock, John, 56 Norman, John, 39 Norton, Jonathan, 51 Nowel, Zachariah, 40 Oliver, Henry, 61 Oliver, John, 61 Oliver, Nicolas, 61 Oliver, Thomas, 61 Osbum, Jonathan, 43 Osgood, David, 37 Owen, Philip, 40 Owens, Thomas, 45 Page, Peter, 46 Parcher, Daniel, 26 Inaex 79 Parcher, George, 60 Parker, Abijah, 51 Parker, John, 41 Parker, John, 63 Parkus, Edward, 32 Parsons, Joseph, 56 Parsons, Josiah, 37 Partridge, David, 53 Partridge, Jotham, 53 Pary (Parry), David, 62 Patch, John, 26 Patch, Jonathan, 26 Patch, Robert, 26 Patch, Samuel, 26 Patrick, John, 48 Patten, John, 32 Pattin, James, 49 Pattin, Mathew, 49 Payne, William, 59 Peabody, Seth, 34 Peckin, Frederick^ 29 Peebody, Josiah, 27 Peirce, John, 47 Peirce, John, 51 Penney, Salathiel, 32 Perham, Samuel, 49 Per kings, John, 56 Perkings, Spencer, 56 Perkins, William, 46 Perry, Richard, 56 Pert, William, 41 Pettingill, David, 45 Pettingill, Joseph, 62 Philbrook, David, 61 Phinney, Ebenez., 29 Pilsbery, Tobias, 34 Pilsberry, Nathan, 56 Plumbley, Oliver, 39 Plumer, Samuel, 41 Plummer, Edward, 40 Plummer, William, 35 Plummer, William, 45 Pool, Abijah, 44 Pool, Thomas, 44 Poland, Moses, 29 Poor, Richard, 43 Pote, Thomas, 54 Pottenger, Arthur, 54 Potter, Alexander 43 Pratt, Edward, 43 Pray, John, 32 Preble, Abraham, 56 Preble, Daniel, 55 Preble, Daniel, 31 Preston, Thomas, 45 Pribble, Abraham, 39 Priest, Joseph, 54 Proctor, James, 41 Pulcifer, Joseph, 48 Purcel, Francis, 43 Quimby, Joseph, 54 Rackley, Chandler, 36, (also given Rackliff, Joseph C.) 36 Rankin, John, 49 Record, Daniel, 33 Reed, Jacob, 37 Reed, John, 32 Remick, Timothy, 29 Rhods, Benjamin, 33 Rice, Lemuel, 41 Richards, Francis, 34 Ridout, Mark, 61 Ridout, William, 45 Riggs, Reuben, 54 Rines, Samuel, 45 Runnels, John, 64 Rutledge, Archibald, 39 Robbards, George, 47 Roberts, James, 44 Roberts, Samuel, 64 Robins, Benjamin, 45 Robinson, George, 36 Robinson, John, 44 Robinson, Obediah, 45 8o Maine at Valley Forge Robinson, Samuel, 40 Robinson, Thomas, 45 Robinson, William, 41 Robinson, Jun., William, 41 Roff, Aaron, 41 Rogers, David, 30 Rogers, Prince, 58 Rollf, Benja., 29 Rounds, James, 46 Row, Benja., 56 Row, Caleb, 53 Royall, Adams, 54 Royall, Jacob, 51 Royall, Samuel, 54 Royall, Samuel W., 51 Royall, William, 51 Ryan, Francis, 42 Ryan, James, 36 Ryan, Timothy, 43 Sanborn, John, 53 Sanbourn, Simeon, 27 Sands, Joseph, 61 Sands, Thomas, 61 Sargant, Charles, 26 Sargant, Joseph, 29 Sargent, Daniel, 31 Sawyer, Abraham, 39 Sawyer, Benjamin, 43 Sawyer, Ephraim, 36 Sawyer, Jeremiah, 46 Sawyer, Lemuel, 34 Sawyer Nathaniel, 36 Sawyer, Samuel, 43 Sawyer, William, 36 Sayward, Henry, 56 Scammon, James, 62 Seave (Seavey) Joseph, 34 Seavey, Ebenezer, 27 Setteubeger, Jacobs, 37 Sewall, Henry, 29 Shattuck, Cato, 64, Shaw, John, 59 Shaw, Joshua, 61 Shaw, Nath'l 64 Shelden, William, 57 Shepard, Lewis, 41 Shepherd, James, 47 Shepherd, John, 49 Shorey, John, 48 Sibly, John, 46 Simon ton, Walter, 36 Simons, Joel, 52 Simpson, Webster, 47 Skeen, Andrew, 45 Skinner, John, 53 Sloman, John, 59 Small, Daniel, 36 Small, Daniel, 39 Small, Jun. Daniel, 41 Small, Elisha, 36 Smart, James, 26 Smart, John, 31 Smith, Charles, 58 Smith, George, W., 52 Smith, Jacob, 27 Smith, John, 58 Smith, Lemuel, 26 Smith, Noah, 52 Smith, Peleg, 58 Smith, Peter, 36 Smith, Philander, 41 Smith, Thomas, 47 Smith, William, 62 Snow, Jr., James, 44 Speed, George, 58, Spencer, JMoses, 56 Spencer, Solomon, 29 Spofiord, Nathaniel 43 Spokesfield, Thomas, 30 Stanford, John, 46 Stanford, Josiah, 46 Stanwood, William, 42 Staples, Joshua, 62 Starbird, Anthony, 53 Starbird, John, 53 Index Starbird, John, 60 Starbird, Moses, 45 Starbird, Solomon, 54 Starbird, William, 54 Starbord, Samuel, 43 Stephens, Jonas, 63 Stephens, William, 64 Stevens, Edmund, 39 Stevens, John, 34 Stevens, Moses, 31 Stevens, William, 57 Stimpson, John, 41 Stinson, Thomas, 58 Stinson, William, 58 Stone, George, 46 Stone, John, 52 Stone, Jonathan, 53 Stone, Joseph, 36 Storer, Ebenezer, 30 Storer, Joseph, 45 Stover, Christover, 32 Strought, Jonathan, 41 Strout, Isaac, 59 Strout, John, 36 Sutton, John, 39 Swan, Caleb, 62 Swasey, Joseph, 61 Sweat, Israel, 53 Swett, John, 36 Taylor, Ephraim, 43 Taylor, Noah, 33 Terry, David, 49 Thomas, Joseph, 52 Thomas, John, 37 Thomes, Samuel, 39 Thompson, Alexander, 33 Thompson, Alexander, 57 Thompson, Barthow., 37 Thompson, Benjamin, 28 Thompson, David, 32 Thompson, James, 33 Thompson, John, 48 Thompson, Joseph, 36 Thompson, Nicholas, 53 Thompson, Richard, 32 Thompson, Jr., Richard, 33 Thompson, William, 36 Thomdick, Jonathan, 27 Tibbets, James, 49 Tibbetts, Giles, 49 Tibbetts, Stephen, 58 Tibots, Simeon, 59 Tobby, Daniel, 43 Toben, Matthew, 37 Tobey, John, 57 Tobey, Samuel, 41 Toby, Thomas, 49 Toothacer, Seth, 43 Torry, Elisha, 52 Toward, Daniel, 29 Townsend, John, 46 Townsend, Daniel, 46 Trafton, Benjamin 30 Trask, Samuel, 59 Treadwell, Masters, 39 Tripp, Stephen, 36 Trott, John, 31 True, Jonathan, 54 True, Obadiah, 39 Tufts, Thomas, 54 Turner, Isaac, 52 Turner, Samuel, 59 Turner, Starbord, 51 Twitchel, Moses, 31 Tyler, Andrew, 26 Tyler, Jonathan, 52 Ulmer, Jr., George, 50 Ulmer, Philip, 50 Uren, James, 52 Vickory, David, 54 Vickory, Nehemiah, 53 Wadlin, Daniel, 55 82 Maine at Valley Forge Wagg, James, 29 Wakefield, Gibeons, 33 Walker, John, 59 Walker, Peter, 46 Walker, Supply, 62 Walker, Timothy, 62 Wallie, Charles, 50 Warren, Adriel, 25 Warren, Peter, 44 Watts, David, 28 Way ling, Francis, 52 Wayling, Thomas, 52 Weaks, William, 41 Webb, David, 27 Webb, Edward, 60 Webb, Henry, 53 Webb, James, 53 Webb, Nathaniel, 58 Weber, Daniel, 55 Webber, Edward, 31 Webber, George, 44 Webber, John, 39 Webber, Jonathan, 39 Webber, Joseph, 36 Webber, Paul, 57 Webster, Jonathan, 36 Weekes, Abraham, 57 Welch, Edward, 52 Welch, I,emuel, 31 Welsh, Benjamin, 49 Welsh, Lemuel, 46 Wentworth, Paul, 57 Wescot, Joshua, 28 Wescott, Joseph, 54 Wescott, Samuel, 54 Weston, Edmund, 54 Weston, James, 54 Weymouth, Benja., 57 Weymouth, Nicholas, 57 Whalin, John, 49 Whaling, John, 43 Wheeler, Abraham, 49 Wheelwright, Daniel, 37 Wheelwright, Samuel, 38 White, George, 42 White, John, 57 White John, 57 White, Robert, 57 White, Rufus, 55 Whitehouse, Samuel, 52 Whitney, Abraham, 46 Whitney, Isaac, 46 Whitney, Jesse, 36 Whitney, John, 33 Whittam, James, 54 Whittam, Joseph, 43 Whittam, Thomas, 43 Whitten, John, 43 Whittum, James, 32 Wiley, Ephraim, 59 Wiley, Mason, 54 Willard, Peleg, 54 Williams, Job, 49 Williamson, James, 31 Wilson, Charles, 34 Wilson, Mark, 45 Wilson, William, 43 Wimble, Samuel, 46 Winchell, Job, 44 Winship, Joshua, 55 Winslow, Ezekiel, 43 Wissel, Enoch, 28 Witemore, (or Whitmore) Wm. 27 Witham, Caleb, 49 Whitham, James, 26 Witham, Joshua, 49 Witham, Jedidiah, 26 Witney, Jonathan, 29 WoUace, Josiah, 35 Wood, John, 64 Woodbridge, Christopher, 48 Woodman, Benja., 63 Woodman, David, 46 Woodsom, David, 36 Wormwood, Abner, 62 Index 83 "Worster, Thomas, 57 Wright, John, 46 Wright, Thomas, 39 York, Abraham, 27 York, George, 37 York, Samuel, 44 Young, Ebenezer, 39 Young, James, 59 Young, John, 55 Young, Jonathan, 57 Young, Joseph, 39 Young, Nathaniel, 57 Young, Nathaniel, 64 Young, Stephen, 55 Young, William, 64 MAINE MEN IN WASHINGTON'S ARMY BUT NOT AT VALLEY FORGE Allen, Wright, 65 Applebee, Robert, 65 Berr}', Pelatiah, 65 Bickford, Thos., Landell, 65 ^riant, John, 66 Bridges, Arthur, 66 Chadburn, William, 66 ■Crockett, George, 66 Gushing, L,oring, 66 Davies, Josiah, 66 Dyer, Timothy, 66 Flood, James, 66 Foss, Pelatiah, 65 Gatchell, Abel, 65 Goodwill, Thomas, 67 Googins, John, 65 •Gray, Uriah, 66 Hall, Martin, 66 Hall, Samuel, 65 Herrington, Robert, 66 Hill, Jeremiah, 67 Huson, John, 66 Jackson, Solomon, 66 Jones, Thomas, 66 Jordan, Solomon, 65 Kenady, James, 67 Kezwell, John, 65 Lassell, Asa, 65 Lillas, Patrick, 65 Lord, Charles, 66 Ivord, Nason, 65 Low, James, 66 Lydston, Andrew, 65 McCaslin, John, 65 Melcher, Joseph, 66 Morrison, Josiah, 66 Paul, John, 66 Pratt, Timothy, 66 Preble, William, 67 Rhode, Lonon, 66 Sargent, Daniel, 66 Sawyer, Reuben, 66 Shannon, John, 66 Snow, James, 66 Springer, Abraham, 65 Stanford, Robert, 66 Starbert, EUas, 65 Stone, John, 67 Stuart, Ebenezer, 66 Thompson, David, 67 Todd, Samuel, 65 Tread well, Herman, 66