QK TTn^MiWiUFIWrn COmCLL^NWEIilTT CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 1924 086 708 561 All books ar e_subiect to recall after two weeks DATlbUE GAVLORD PRINTED IN U.S.A Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924086708561 THE GENERA OF FUNGI FREDERIC EDWARD CLEMENTS, Ph. D. Professor of Botany and Head of the Department of Botany in the University of Minnesota minneapolis The H. W. Wilson Company 1909 Copyright 1909 Frederic E. Clements PREFACE. The present book is an outgrowth of a translation of the keys in the origi- nal eight volumes of Saccardo's "Sylloge Fungorum." This translation was mimeographed and bound for the use of classes in mycology. It immediately proved so convenient and usable that the preparation of a complete guide to the fungi was begun the same year. Many things have occurred during the past two years to delay the completion of the guide until this time. In its present form, the book is based upon Saccardo's great work, though in certain groups other authors have been followed, and in some cases, the discomycetes and lichens, the treatment amounts almost to a revision. The arrangement of the orders and families is different in a large measure, and in the distribution of the lichens is original. No attempt has been made to revise the genera, except v'here the treatment had lagged behind current practice, as is particularly true of the lichens. In some cases, genera have been included in others, but this is done only for the sake of the beginner, when the descriptions reveal no differences, and is by no means intended as a revision. Questions of nomenclature have necessarily been left largely to one side, but no hesitation has been felt in making certain corrections. These have dealt mostly with mistaken or neglected transliteration, and with faulty composition. A considerable number of sesquipedalian words have been shortened, and the greater number of hybrid names have been corrected. These corrections have been made in such a way as to retain as much of the original name as possible. Corrections are indicated by the sign t with the original form in parenthesis below. New genera are designated by an asterisk, and are listed with their types on a later page. The genera described in volumes 9-18 of the "Sylloge" have been included in the proper family keys. Genera placed under "incertae sedis" are excluded as a rule, since it is impossible to locate them definitely. A few genera occur more than once when they show the characters of two families, or when super- ficial and developmental features indicate different positions. An endeavor has been made to make the keys as consistent as possible, and as simple as is profit- able. The mycologist must have a fair equipment of technical terms, as well as a Latin vocabulary, and the sooner these are acquired the better. In many cases, definiteness will seem to be lost by the use of such terms as "typically," "usually," etc., but the beginner must quickly learn that the line between families is rarely clear-cut, but often on the contrary most devious. The tyro must con- stantly be warned that some species belong as naturally in one family as in an- other, and must consequently be sought in more than one place. The color of a spore, the position of a perithecium, or the texture of a cup does not always conform with a definite term, and the beginner must be governed accordingly. While the writer is particularly indebted to Saccardo's "Sylloge Fungorum," he is also indebted to Thaxter's "Monograph of the Laboulbeniaceae," and his "Preliminary Diagnoses of New Species of Laboulbeniaceae,'' II-VI, for the material for the key to this group. The treatment of the Pezizales is largely that of Rehm's "Discomyceten," modified by the inclusion of the lichens. From Engler and Prantl's "Pflanzenfamilien," material has been drawn in the mono- graphs of the bacteria by Migula, of phycomycetes and other groups by Schroter and Lindau, and especially of the lichens by Zahlbruckner. The writer is also under heavy obligation to Dr. Edith Clements, for the preparation of the Glos- sary, and for much other work of preparation and of publication. His thanks are also due to Professor Raymond J. Pool for assistance in the original mimeo- graph copies. Frederic Edward Clements. The University of Minnesota, June I, 1909. CONTENTS. Preface Key to Orders and Families i Key to Genera 7 Key to Spore Sections 165 Guide to the Volumes of Saccardo's "Svlloge Fungorum'' 167 Index to families in Saccardo's "Sylloge Fungorum" and Rehm's "Discomyceten'' 171 List of New Genera and Types 173 Glossary of Latin and English Terms 177 Index to Genera, Subfamilies, Families and Orders 207 Key to Orders and Families I. Filaments one-celled, rarely septate, typically aqua- tic or endobiotic ; propagation by fission or by conidia, the latter usually in sporangia ; sex-cells typically present, uniting to form resting-spores II. Filaments septate, typically saprophytic or epibi- otic ; conidia borne on conidiophores ; sex-cells usually absent 1. Spores in a hymenium composed of asci or club- shaped basidia a. Spores in asci b. Spores on more or less club-shaped basidia 2. Conidia on conidiophores of various form, not in asci or on true basidia Phycomycetes I. True mycelium lacking or rudimentary I. Threads simple, globose to filamentous, often motile ; propagating by fission or by conidia also a. Cells single or in colonies, never forming plas- modium-like masses (i) Cells filamentous, not spirally twisted (a) Filaments motile, sheathless (b) Filaments non-motile, sheathed (2) Cells cylindric to globose, spirally twisted when filamentous (a) Cells more or less spirally twisted (b) Cells not spirally twisted or curved X. Cells oblong to cylindric y. Cells globose or cuboid b. Cells secreting a gelatinous matrix and form- ing pseudoplasmodia, passing into cysts or spore-masses which are often stalked 2. Threads absent or slightly developed ; propagation by sporangia which produce zoogonids ; sex- cells rare II. Mycelium present, typically well-developed and branched ; propagation by zoogonids or by non- motile conidia borne in sporangia or on conidio- phores ; sex-cells usually present I. Aerial fungi propagating by conidia a. Conidia typically in globose to cylindric sporan- gia ; mostly saprophytes ; zygosporous Phycomycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes Fungi Imperfecti Bacteriales Beggiatoaceae Chlamydobacteriaceae Spirillaceae Bacteriaceae Coccaceae Myxobactrales Chytridiaceae Mucoraceae GENERA OF FUNGI b. Conidia single or in chains on conidiophores (i) Typically parasitic on insects; zygosporous (2) Typically parasitic on leaves and stems ; oosporous 2. Typically aquatic fungi propagating by zoogonids a. Mycelium mostly well-developed (1) Antheridial tube touching or penetrating oogone (2) Antherids producing antherozoids b. Mycelium more or less scanty, developing wholly or chiefly into sporangia and sex-organs Ascomycetes Asci completely or partly enclosed in a pericarp I. Asci in a perithecium a. Perithecia one to many on a receptacle ; sex- organs present ; typically on insects b. Perithecia not on a .receptacle ; sex organs very rare ; rarely on insects (i) Mycelium or subicle typically present; osti- ole and paraphyses usually absent Subicle white; perithecia usually with ap- pendages ; asci one to few, more or less ovoid Subicle dark or black; appendages mostly lacking ; asci usually numerous, more or less cylindric Perithecia more or less globose Perithecia clavate to cylindric, often branched (2) Subicle usually absent; ostiole and paraphy- ses typically present (a) Perithecia fleshy or waxy, bright colored (b) Perithecia .hard, membranous to carbon- ous, typically brown to black x. Perithecia distinct, not reduced to cavities or locules (a) (b) X. y- (x) n. (y) (z) Perithecia normally globose, single, clustered or in a- stroma Mycelium not forming a thallus with algae Mycelium forming a thallus Perithecia flattened, dimidiate and radiate Perithecia with a broad and com- pressed or a funnelform ostiole Ostiole broad and compressed, cleft; perithecia mostly carbonous Ostiole elongate, then expanded and Entomophthoraceae 14 Peronosporaceae 17 Saprolegniaceae 15 Monoblepharidaceae 18 Ancylistaceae Laboulbeniales Sphaeriales Erysibaceae Perisporiaceae Capnodiacpae Hypocreaceae Sphaeriaceae Verrucariaceae Microthyriaceae Lophiostomataceae 16 18 25 42 25 38 51 53 KEY TO ORDERS AND FAMILIES Dothideaceae 48 Coccoideaceae 50 Mycoporaceae 50 Hysteriales 54 Hemihysteriaceae 54 funnel form; perithecia mostly coriaceous Coryneliaceae y. Perithecia reduced to locules in a stroma (x) Thallus absent m. Stromata mostly carbonous or mem- branous, not attached by a stipe- like point n. Stromata subcarnose, attached by a stipe-like point (y; Thallus present Asci in a hysterothecium, i. e., a perithecium with a cleft-like ostiole, typically oblong to linear, rarely vertical 1. Hysterothecium imperfect, dimidiate-scutate, but the ostiole a cleft 5. Hysterothecium more or less elongate and rimose, or rounded and stellately cleft (i) Hysterothecium elongate, rimose, rarely vertical (a) Thallus absent (b) Thallus present (2) Hysterothecium round to linear, ostiole more or less stellate or lobed ; thallus present or absent Asci in an apothecium 1. Apothecia closed at first, then open, disk-shaped to cup-shaped, rarely elongate (i) Thallus lacking (a) Apothecia sunken, then erumpent, usually opening by lobes, rarely by a cleft X. Apothecia opening by stellate or irregular lobes or by a cleft (x) Apothecia dark, brown or black m. Apothecia mostly carbonous or leath- ery ; hypothecium thin n. Apothecia mostly membranous or horny; hypothecium thick (y) Apothecia white or bright colored, typically waxy y. Apothecia usually opening circularly, mostly leathery or horny, brown or black Dermateaceae (b) Apothecia typically superficial and open- ing circularly, usually waxy or fleshy but often carbonous, gelatinous or leath- ery X. Asci disappearing early; spores and pa- raphyses forming a mazaedium Caliciaceae y. Asci persistent ; mazaedium lacking 54 Hysteriaceae Graphidaceae Arthoniae Pezizales 55 58 58 61 Phacidiaceae 61 Tryblidiaceae 65 Stictidaceae 62 65 70 GENERA -OF FUNGI (x) Apothecia not branched-stipitate at the tips of branches m. Apothecia gelatinous n. Apothecia not gelatinous (m) Apothecia usually dark or black, carbonous to leathery, rarely waxy (n) Apothecia usually bright colored, waxy to fleshy r. Apothecia typically waxy, on plant parts (r) Exciple brownish, parenchy- matic all over or at the base; mostly sessile (s) Exciple concolorous, prosen- chymatic ; mostly stalked s. Apothecia typically fleshy, usually terrestrial, often' fimicole (r) Apothecia usually terrestrial, medium to large ; asci most- ly cylindric, not exserted (s) Apothecia usually fimicole; asci broad, exserted from disk at maturity (y) Apothecia branched-stipitate at the tips of branches (2) Thallus present (a) Asci disappearing early; disk with a mazaedium (b) Asci persistent ; mazaedium absent X. Thallus cottony, cobwebby or spongy ; al- gae yellow-green y. Thallus more or less distinctly gelati- ous ; algae blue-green z. Thallus firm, layered, neither gelatinous nor cottony (x) Thallus of two sorts : one horizontal, the other erect, i. e., a podetium (y) Thallus of one sort only, horizontal or erect m. Spores typically 2-ceIled, with a thickened cross-wall, usually tra- versed by a narrow canal n. Spores without thickened cross-wall and intersecting canal (ra) Apothecia sunken, or grown together with the thallus on the whole underside (n) Apothecia typically superficial when mature, not attached broadly Bulgariaceae Patellariaceae 66 68 Mollisiaceae Helotiaceae Pezizaceae 84 86 88 Ascobolaceae 92 Cordieritaceae 92 Caliciaceae 70 Chrysotrichaceae 72 CoUemataceae 72 Cladoniaceae Physciaceae Peltophoraceae 78 83 75 KEY TO ORDERS AND FAMILIES r. Apothecia with proper exciple s. Apothecia typically with thalline exciple b. Apothecia open from the first, stalked, saddle- shaped, pileate to club-shaped, terrestrial as a rule 4. Asci in a closed globoid body or ascoma, con- taining cavities or veins a. Ascomata epigean (i) Asconriata fleshy with locules at the mar- gin, forming swellings on branches of living trees (2) Ascomata minute, waxy to subcarbonous, crowded with locules containing a single ascus each (3) Ascomata fragile, asci evanescent, then powdery within ; epizoic b. Ascomata hypogean (i) Ascomata woody, crustose or carbonous, powdery within (2) Ascomata fleshy or waxy, not powdery but veined or lacunose within II. Asci exposed, apothecium lacking 1. Spores free in the ascus a. Asci parallel and crowded, usually deforming living plant parts b. Asci solitary or grouped irregularly, saprophytic or when parasitic scarcely deforming the host c. Asci abnormal, rare ; mycelium poorly de- veloped, propagating by budding 2. Spore wall united with ascus wall, or asci disap- pearing at maturity a. Spores and ascus united ; aecidia and uredinia often present b. Asci disappearing early, leaving a firm or powdery spore-mass Basidiomycetes I. Hymenium variously modified, exposed at maturity 1. Basidia septate crosswise or lengthwise, or fur- cate; usually gelatinous 2. Basidia not septate; pileus fleshy, waxy, leathery or woody a. Hymenium more or less uniform (1) Pileus funnel-form, dimidiate or resupinate (2) Pileus club-shaped, coralloid or filiform b. Hymenium modified into teeth, pores or gills (1) Hymenium of teeth or granules (2) Hymenium of pores or tubes Lecideaceae 76 Parmeliaceae 78 Helvellaceae 90 Tuberales 94 Cyttariaceae 94 Phymatosphaeriaceae 95 Onygenaceae 96 Elaphomycetaceae 96 Tuberaceae 96 Gymnascales 93 Exascaceae 93 Gymnascaceae 93 Saccharomycetaceae 94 Uredinales 98 Uredinaceae 98 Ustilaginaceae lOI Agaricales 102 Tremellaceae 103 Thelephoraceae Clavariaceae Hydnaceae Polyporaceae 106 105 107 108 GENERA OF FUNGI (3) Hymenium of gills or gill-like veins II. Definite hymenium lacking; spore-mass gelatinous or powdery, typically enclosed in a peridium, or elevated at maturity 1. Gleba more or less gelatinous, enclosed at first in a volva, then raised on the receptacle 2. Gleba firm or powdery, not gelatinous, enclosed in a peridium a. Peridium epigean (i) Gleba typically powdery or cellular, en- closed in a more or less globose peridium which opens irregularly or by a definite mouth (2) Gleba in seed-like sporiangioles which are borne in a more or less cup-shaped peri- dium b. Peridium hypogean, closed Agaricaceae no Lycoperdales IIS Phallaceae IIS Lycoperdaceae 116 Nidulariaceae 120 Hymenogastraceae iig Fungi Imperfecti cup-shaped or hysterioid I. Conidia present 1. Conidia in globoid, pycnidia a. Pycnidia fleshy or waxy, bright colored b. Pycnidia typically membranous to carbonous, dark, brown or black (i) Pycnidia more or less globose, rarely cylin- dric (2) Pycnidia dimidiate, shield-shaped (3) Pycnidia disciform, cup-shaped or hyster- ioid 2. Conidia not in pycnidia a. Hyphae short or obsolete, borne on a matrix or stratum b. Hyphae not on a matrix, typically well-devel- oped, but sometimes short or even lacking (i) Hyphae in more or less loose cottony masses (a) Hyphae and conidia clear or bright col- ored (b) Hyphae and conidia both typically dark or one or the other always dark (2) Hyphae compactly united to form a globose to cylindric body which is often stalked (a) Hyphal body cylindric to capitate, stalked, i. e., a synnema (b) Hyphal body more or less globose, sessile, i. e., a sporodochium II. Conidia lacking Phomatales Zythiaceae Moniliaceae Dematiaceae Stilbaceae Tuberculariaceae Sterile Mycelia 121 128 Phomataceae 121 Leptostromataceae 130 Excipulaceae 133 Melanconiales 13s Moniliales 138 138 146 154 iS8 164 Key to the Genera Class I. SCHIZOMYCETES Typically one-celled fungi, dividing by fission in i, 2 or 3 planes, sometimes forming true filaments, but then motile or sheathed, and without true branches ; resting cells often developed; sexual reproduction lacking. Order i. BACTERIALES Globose, rod-like or filamentous, single or in colonies, sometimes grouped into a loose mass (zoogloea), but never forming pseudoplasmodia or sporangium-like masses. Family j. BEGGIATOACEAE MiGULA 40 Filaments simple, free, motile, continuous or septate, sheathless, usually filled with shining or yellowish sulphur granules. A single genus Beggiatoa 8: 935 Family 2. CHLAMYDOBACTERIACEAE MiGULA 35 Filaments simple or false-branched, typically attached, non-motile, septate, with a more or less conspicuous sheath; propagation by ciliate, creeping or non-motile conidia. I. Cells without sulphur granules 1. Filaments simple a. Fission always in one plane Nocardia 8: 927 b. Fission in 3 planes during conidia formation (i) Filaments marine, sheath very thin Phragmidiothrix 8: 935 (2) Filaments fresh-water, sheath distinct Crenothrix 8: 925 2. Filaments false-branched Cladothrix 8: 927 II. Cells with sulphur granules Thiothrix 8: 934 Family 3. SPIRILLACEAE MiGULA 30 One-celled, more or less spirally twisted, rod-like or short-filamentous, usually motile by means of one to many flagella. I. Cells stiff or rigid 8 BACTERIACEAE— MYXOBACTERIACEAE 1. Flagella lacking Spirosoma M. 31 2. Flagella present a. Flagellum i, rarely 2-3, polar Microspira M. 31 b. Flagella clustered, polar Spirillum 8: 1006 II. Cells flexible Spirochaete 8: 1006 Family 4. BACTERIACEAE MiGULA 20 One-celled, cells oblong to cylindric, straight or at least never spirally curved, flagella often present. I. Flagella lacking Bacterium 8: 1020 ■II. Flagella present 1. Flagella peripheral Bacillus 8: 943 2. Flagella polar Pseudomonas M. 29 Family 5. COCCACEAE MiGULA IS One-celled, cells globose, tisuall}' flattened when grouped in rows or masses, flagella usually absent. I. Flagella lacking 1. Fission in one plane, cells in rows Streptococcus 8: 1054 2. Fission in two planes, cells in plates Micrococcus 8: 1076 3. Fission in three planes, cells in bundles Sarcina 8: 1044 II. Flagella present 1. Fission in two planes Planococcus M. 19 2. Fission in three planes Planosarcina M. 20 Order 2. MYXOBACTRALES Cells rod-like, motile, fission in one plane ; cells secreting a gelatinous base and forming pseudoplasmodia, then passing into cysts, or spore-masses which are often stalked (cystophore). Family 6. MYXOBACTERIACEAE 1 1 : 460, T. 389 Characters of the order. I. Cells always rod-like, distinct cysts present 1. Cysts free, usually on a cystophore Chondromyces 14:842 2. Cysts one or more in a gelatinous matrix Myxobacter 14:844 (Polyangium 7:47) II. Cells finally forming rows of globose spores, no definite cysts Myxococcus 14: 843 Class 2. CHLOROPHYCEAE Typically one-celled or filamentous plants, for the most part chlorophyllous but CHYTRIDIACEAE 9 each order containing at least one fungous family; propagation by fission and zoogo- nids ; sexual reproduction present in most. Order 3. PROTOCOCCALES Typically one-celled algae, usually dividing by fission and producing zoogonids ; sexual reproduction often lacking; one fungous family. Family 7. CHYTRIDIACEAE 7 : 286, SCHROETER 6s Mycelium lacking or in the form of delicate protoplasmic threads, rarely of hyphae, one-celled ; sporangiophore lacking or but slightly developed ; sporangia producing zoogonids, thin-walled and ripening quickly, or thick-vi'alled and resting for a time (resting sporangia) ; sexual reproduction present in a few forms, the sex organs scarcely distinguishable. Key to the Subfamilies I. Resting sporangium asexual, rarely formed by the union of two zoogonids 1. Mycelium completely lacking a. Sporangia separate, one formed from each fruit-mass Olpidiae b. Sporangia in sori, formed by division of fruit-mass Synchytriae 2. Mycelium present a. Mycelium of delicate transient strands (i) Mycelium limited to one terminal sporangium Rhizidiae (2) Mycelium extended, sporangia intercalary and terminal Cladochytriae b. Mycelium consisting of permanent hyphae Hyphochytriae II. Sexual resting spores formed by union of two sporangia and passing of con- tents of one into the other Oochytriae III. Sexual spores formed by conjugation Zygochytriae Subfamily Olpidiae ScHROETER 67 Mycelium lacking; fruit-mass endobiotic, globose, elliptic, rarely subclavate, undivided, finally forming a simple zoosporangium or resting sporangium, in wh'ch zoospores are formed after a period of rest. I. Fruit-body amoeboid before maturity Reessia 7:304, S. 67 II. Fruit-body without movement I. Sporangia free in the host-cell a. Membrane delicate, dissolving to free zoospores Sphaerita 7:314, S. 67 b. Membrane firm, with a definite opening (i) Sporangia globose or elliptic Ca) Sporangia with i, rarely 2, openings 10 CHYTRIDIACEAE X. Zoospores i-ciliate ; resting sporangium smooth Olpidium 7: 310, S. 67 y. Zoospores 2-ciliate; resting sporangium spiny or warted Olpidiopsis 7: 299, S. 69 (b) Zoosporangia with many openings Pleotrachelus 7: 315, S. 69 (2) Sporangia elongate or clavate Ectrogella 7: 315, S. 70 2. Wall of sporangium fused with wall of host-cell Pleolpidium S. 70 Subfamily Synchytriae SCHROETER 71 Mycelium lacking; fruit-body endobiotic, when mature dividing simultaneously to form zoosporangia grouped in rows or in a sorus ; resting sporangia arising di- rectly from the fruit-body or by the division of it. I. Zoosporangia arising through direct division of entire plasm of fruit-body, not surrounded by a common membrane 1. Sporangia filling host-cell completely, wall fused with that of host-cell Rozella 7:300, S. 71 2. Sporangia free, aggregated Woronina 7:301, S. 71 II. Zoosporangia arising through division of the full-grown fruit-body, surrounded by the common membrane of the mother cell 1. Sporangia formed directly from the full-grown fruit-body Synchytrium 7: 288, S. 72 2. Sporangia formed from the division of a thin-walled mother-cell which escapes from the fruit body Pycnochytrium S. 73 Subfamily Rhizidiae ScHROETER 75 Fruit-body endophytic,- epiphytic, or living free between the nutrient media, at base; with a slender (in epiphytic forms sometimes scarcely perceptible) often branched mycelium, distinct for each fruit-body and imbedded in the matrix; zoo- sporangia globose or oblong, simple, often with a sterile swollen cell at base; zoo- spores globose, i-ciliate ; resting sporangia formed asexually, usually like the zoo- sporangia. I. Zoosporangia breaking ouh with an irregular or tube-like mouth, like the rest- ing sporangia, which arise at the same place; mycelium delicate 1. Sporangia without basal cell, arising directly from mycelium a. Sporangia endophytic Entophlyctis 14: 443, S. 75 b. Sporangia epiphytic or free (i) Sporangia epiphytic, seated thickly on host-cell Rhizophidium 7: 298, S. 76 (2) Sporangia free, mycelium only penetrating nutrient medium (a) Zoospores escaping singly Rhizophlyctis 14: 445, S. 77 (b) Zoospores escaping as a ball Nowakowskia 7: 313, S. 77 2. Sporangia with stalk-like or swollen basal cell a. Sporangia with a stalk-like cell (i) Epiphytic; stalk separated by wall from sporangium CHYTRIDIACEAE 1 1 (a) Sporangium straight, rounded above Podochytrium S. 77 (b) Sporangium curved, pointed above Harpochytrium 11: 249, S. 77 (2) Saprophytic ; stalk not separated from sporangium Obelidium 7: 299, S. 77 b. Sporangia with swollen basal cell (i) Sporangium and basal cell endophytic Diplophlyctis S. 78 (2) Sporangium epiphytic or free (a) Sporangium epiphytic X. Zoospores escaping singly Phlyctochytrium S. 78 y. Zoospores escaping in a ball Rhizidiomyces 7: 316, S. 79 (b) Sporangia saprophytic, free Rhizidium 7: 296, S. 79 II. Zoosporangia opening by a lid, epiphytic; resting sporangia endophytic, mycelium tubular or saccate Chytridium 7: 304, S. 80 Subfamily Cladochytriae SCHROETER 8o Mycelium diffuse, repeatedly branched, saprophytic, intercellular or intracellular, forming many sporangia, delicate, disappearing by the maturity of the spores ; spo- rangia intercalary or terminal, zoospores i-ciliate; resting sporangia produced asexu- ally. I. Resting sporangia alone present Physoderma 7: 317, S. 81 II. Zoosporangia alone present 1. Endophytic, intracellular Cladochjrtrium 7: 295, S. 81 2. Free, in algal slime a. Sporangia opening by a hole Amoebochytrium 7: 315, S. 82 b. Sporangia opening by a lid Nowakowskiella 17: 514, S. 82 • Subfamily Harpochytriae SCHROETER 83 Mycelium strongly developed, cylindric, persistent; sporangia alone known, formed asexually. I. Mycelium and sporangia in the host-cell Catenaria 9: 360, S. 83 II. Sporangia in part at least free 1. Parasitic a. Mycelium endophytic Harpochytrium 11: 249, S. 84 b. Mycelium endozoic Polyrrhina 7: 314, S. 84 2. Saprophytic Tetrachytrium 7: 295, S. 84 Subfamily Oochytriae ScHROETER 84 Mycelium lacking or variously developed; resting sporangium formed by the union of two young fruit-bodies, in which the plasm of one passes into the other which develops as an oogone; zoosporangia present, spherical to elongate. I. Mycelium entirely lacking Diplophysa 7: 302, S. 85 II. Mycelium present 12 MUCORACEAE 1. Mycelium producing a single fruit-body Polyphagus 7: 302, S. 85 2. Mycelium producing several fruit-bodies Urophlyctis 7: 303, S. 85 Subfamily Zygochytriae SCHROETER 87 Mycelium one-celled, upright, branched, producing zoospores and zygospores ; zoosporangia single on ends of the branches, opening by a lid, zoospores one-ciliate ; zygospores produced by the fusion of the end-cells of conjugating tubes, growing into a filament upon germination; intermediate between Chytridiaceae and Mu- coraceae. A single genus Zygochytrium 7: 294, S. 87 Order 4. SPIROGYRALES Typically one-celled or simple filamentous algae, without zoospores ; sexual repro- duction by the conjugation of similar gametes; two fungous families. Family 8. MUCORACEAE ScHEOETER iiQ, 7 : 182, 9:335, 11:239, 14:432. 16:383, 17: 494 Saprophytes, rarely parasites, with a well-developed branching mycelium in which cross-walls are absent ; propagation by spores (conidia) arising within sporangia, the latter apparently reduced to chains of conidia in one family ; reproduction by the union of the end-cells or gametes of conjugating tubes. Key to the Subfamilies I. Sporangia always present, conidia sometimes present 1. Columella present; zygospore naked or with a few appendages a. Wall of the sporangium homogeneous, not cuticularized, diffluent Mucorae b. Wall cuticularized and persistent above, thin and diffluent below Pilobolae 2. Columella absent ; zygospore enveloped in a dense covering Mortierellae II. Sporangia rarely present, conidia always present 1. Conidia solitary; zygospore arising directly from the gametes a. Sporangia present Choanophorae b. Sporangia lacking Chaetocladiae 2. Conidia in chains ; zygospore arising from outgrowths of gametes Syncephalidae Subfamily Mucorae 7: 184, S. 123 Mycelium similar throughout or consisting of aerial and nutritive parts ; sporan- gia alike or of two sorts, primary and accessory, the former with columella, the lat- ter mostly without one; zygospore naked or with separate appendages arising from the suspensors. MUCORACEAE i3 I. Sporangia similar 1. Sporangiophore simple or branched, but not repeatedly dichotomous a. Suspensors without appendages at maturity (i) Aerial mycelium lacking (a) Sporangia single, terminal Mucor 7:190, S. 124 (b) Sporangia clustered, lateral X. Sporangia globose Circinella 7: 215, S. 125 y. Sporangia long pear-shaped Pirella 7: 216, S. 125 (2) Aerial mycelium present (a) Aerial mycelium stoloniferous Rhizopus 7: 212, S. 125 (b) Aerial mycelium with many short thorn-like branches Spinellus 7: 205, S. 125 b. Suspensors with thorny appendages at maturity (i) Appendages spreading Phycomyces 7:204, S. 126 (2) Appendages loosely enclosing the zygospore Absidia 7: 214, S. 126 2. Sporangiophore repeatedly dichotomous Sporodinia 7: 206, S. 127 II. Sporangia of two sorts, primary and secondary 1. Primary sporangia with, secondary without columella Thamnidium 7: 211, S. 127 2. Both kinds of sporangia with columella Dicranophora 11: 240, S. 128 Subfamily Pilobolae 7 : 184, S. 123 MyceHum similar throughout; sporangia alike, with columella, sporangial wall cuticularized and persistent above; zygospores naked. I. Sporangiophore equal, sporangium not thrown off Pilaira 7: 188, S. 129 II. Sporangiophore swollen above, sporangium thrown off Pilobolus 7 : 184, S. 129 Subfamily Mortierellae 7 : 184, S. 130 Sporangia similar, terminal, without columella ; conidia single, spherical on short lateral branches of the aerial mycelium ; zygospore enclosed in a dense mass of hyphae arising from the suspensors. I. Sporangiophores erect, branches attenuate toward tip Mortierella 7: 220, S. 130 II. Sporangiophores creeping, branches equal Herpocladiella 7: 225, S. 130 Subfamily Choanophorae 9: 339, S. 131 Mycelium parasitic on plant parts ; sporangia and conidia both present ; conidio- 14 ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE phores simple or branched, bearing one-celled conidia; sporangiophores simple, spo- rangia with a small columella. A single genus Choanophora 9: 339, S. 131 Subfamily Chaetocladiae 7 : 220, S. 131 Mycelium parasitic on species of Mucor; propagation by conidia, sporangia lack- ing, conidia arising on short side branches ; zygospore arising directly from the fused gametes. A single genus Chaetocladium 7: 220, S. 131 Subfamily Syncephalidae 7: 22s, S. 132 Conidia in chains on short basidia borne on the end of the sporophores ; zygo- spores arising as an outgrowth from the tips of the suspensors after conjugation. I. Sporophores not swollen at tip Piptocephalis 7: 225, S. 132 II. Sporophores swollen into a head at tip 1. Sporophore simple Syncephalis 7: 227, S. 132 2. Sporophore branched Syncephalastrum 7: 232, S. 134 Family 9. ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE ScHROETER 134, 7: 280, 9: 349, 14: 437, i6: 388, 17: 510 Mycelium usually well-developed, tubular or filamentous, mostly parasitic or en- dozoic, rarely saprophytic, at first one-celled, then septate ; propagation by one-celled conidia terminal on one-celled clavate conidiophores ; zygospores globose. I. Mycelium endozoic (in insects) 1. Conidia always present a. Conidiophore simple, zygospores unknown, azygospores present (i) Cystidia and holdfasts lacking; azygospores lateral Empusa 7: 281, S. 138 (2) Cystidia and holdfasts present; azygospores terminal Lamia S. 139 b. Conidiophore repeatedly branched, zygospores and azygospores present Entomophthora 7: 282, S. 139 2. Azygospores alone present Tarichium 7: 284, S. 140 II. Mycelium endophytic or saprophytic 1. Mycelium little developed, intracellular Completoria 7: 286, S. 140 2. Mycelium well-developed, not intracellular a. Parasitic on fungi Conidiobolus 7: 285, S. 141 b. Saprophytic - Basidiobolus 7: 285, S. 141 Order 5. VAUCHERIALES Unicellular, multinucleate, saccate or filamentous algae and fungi ; propagation by zoospores or conidia ; sexual reproduction in the three fungous families by un- like gametes, produced in antherids and oogones. SAPROLEGNIACEAE I5 Family lo. SAPROLEGNIACEAE ScHEOETER 93, 7 : 264, 9 : 34S. " : 244. I4 : 450, 16 : 39S, 17 : Si9 Mycelium strongly developed, broadly filamentous, more or less branched; prop- agation by zoosporangia, producing ciliate, rarely non-motile, zoospores ; sexual re- production by antherids and oogones, their contents fusing by means of a connecting tube. Key to the Subfamilies I. Vegetative mycelium broad, tubular, aquatic; zoosporangia cylindric, of the same width as the mycelium 1. Filaments uniform, not constricted Saprolegniae 2. Filaments constricted regularly Leptomitae II. Vegetative mycelium thin, mostly saprophytic on plant tissues ; zoosporangia sev- eral times broader than the filaments Pythiae Subfamily Saprolegniae SCHROETER 96 Nutritive mycelium sunken in the substratum, finely branched, water mycelium tubular, repeatedly branched, cylindric ; zoosporangia narrowly cylindric ; oogones mostly terminal, globose, i- to many-spored, antheridia clavate, the tube penetrating the oogone. I. Zoospores escaping before germination 1. Zoosporangia cylindric-clavate, zoospores several-rowed a. Zoospores escaping together through a terminal pore (i) Zoospores scattering upon escape (a) Zoosporangia ovate Pythiopsis S. 97 (b) Zoosporangia cylindric Saprolegnia 7: 268, S. 97 (2) Zoospores remaining massed about the pore Achlya 7: 274, S. 99 b. Zoospores not escaping through a common opening (i) Each zoospore escaping singly through its own lateral pore Dictyuchus 7:273, S. 99 (2) Zoospores freed by the falling apart of the whole sporangium Thraustotheca S. 100 2. Zoosporangia linear, zoospores i-rowed a. Zoospores scattering upon escape Leptolegnia S. 100 b. Zoospores remaining in a ball at the pore Aphanomyces 7:276, S. 100 II. Zoospores germinating in the sporangium Aplanes S. loi Subfamily Leptomitae SCHROETER lOI Filaments thin, branched, divided by regular constrictions ; zoosporangia cylindric. pear-shaped or elliptic; oogones i-spored. I. Branches similar to the main stem l6 ANCYLISTACEAE 1. Zoospores escaping singly from the pore Leptomitus 7: 265, S. loi 2. Zoospores remaining in a hollow ball about the pore before swimming Apodachlya S. 102 II. Branches different from the main stem 1. Branches whorled Naegeliella S. 163 2. Branches repeatedly umbellate-ramose Araeospora 14:454 3. -Branches springing from the swollen tip of the main stem Rhipidium 7: 268, S. 103 Subfamily Pythiae SCHROETER IO4 Vegetative mycelium very narrow, uniform, much-branched ; sporangiophores not distinct from mycelium ; zoosporangium filamentous, cylindric, ellipsoid or globose, contents escaping in a globose vesicle in which the zoospores arise, zoospores 2-ciliate ; oogones globose, terminal, rarely intercalary, l-spored. I. Zoosporangia filamentous Nematosporangium S. 104 II. Zoosporangia globose or lemon-shaped Pythium 7: 270, S. 104 Family 11. ANCYLISTACEAE ScHROETER Sp, 7:278, 9:348, 14:450, 16 : 395, 17:516 Mycelium mostly poorly developed and scarcely distinct from the fruit-body, the latter tubular, when mature divided into vegetative cells, sporangia or oogones and antherids ; entire contents of antherid passing into oogone, oospore lying free ; spo- rangia always producing zoospores. Key to the Subfamilies I. Filament or fruit-body producing wholly sporangia or sex cells, mycelium entirely lacking Lagenidiae II. Filament producing vegetative cells also, the latter germinating to form threads Ancylistae Subfamily Lagenidiae Fruit-body filamentous, tubular, simple or branched, dividing into cells which develop into sporangia or sex cells; antherids on the same or on different fruit bodies; sporangia and oospores always giving rise to zoospores. I. In fresh-water algae, rarely in animals 1. Filament simple a. Zoospores escaping singly from the sporangium Achlyogeton 7:277, S. 89 b. Sporangial plasm poured out into a vesicle in which the zoospores are formed Myzocytium 7: 279, S. 90 2. Filament with short side-branches Lagenidium 7: 278, S. 90 II. In the root-hairs of plants Rhizomyxa 7: 278, S. 91 Subfamily Ancylistae Fruit-body tubular, mycelium-like, unbranched or with few short side-branches, when mature dividing into a number of chain-like cells, which develop into vegetative PERONOSPORACEAE i7 cells, sporangia or sex cells; sporangia producing zoospores; vegetative cells pro- ducing a long tube, which penetrates new host-cells; oospores globose or elliptic. I. Sporangia lacking, vegetative and sex cells alone formed Ancylistes 7: 280, S. 92 II. Sporangia also present Resticularia 9: 348, S. 92 Family 12. PERONOSPORACEAE ScHEOETER iio, T. 233, 9'- 34°, II : 242, 14: 457, i6: 396, 17: 519 Mycelium abundant, filamentous, much branched, one-celled, endophytic ; propaga- tion by conidia borne on the ends of conidiophores, conidia producing zoospores or a germinating tube ; sexual reproduction by means of endophytic antherids and oogones, borne on the ends of lateral branches ; oospores single, globose, producing zoospores or a germinating tube. Key to the Subfamilies I. Conidia in chains, conidiophores club-shaped Albuginae II. Conidia single, conidiophores branched Peronosporae Subfamily Albuginae Mycelium intercellular, haustoria globose ; conidiophores densely grouped into a conidial layer beneath the epidermis ; conidia globose, ellipsoid or subcylindric, in chains on the ends of the conidiophores, usually producing zoospores, rarely a germinat- ing tube ; oospores globose, producing zoospores. A single genus Albugo 7: 233, S. no Subfamily Peronosporae Mycelium intercellular, rarely intracellular, haustoria of various form; conidio- phores thread-like, above the epidermis, branched, without cross-walls ; conidia single on the tips of the branchlets, producing zoospores or a germinating tube; oospores globose, with a well-developed outer wall, germinating by means of a tube. I. Conidiophores slender, with long and slender branches 1. Conidiophore growing after the formation of the first conidia, producing new joints Phytophthora 7: 237, S. 113 2. Conidiophore not growing and making new extensions a. Conidia papillate at the tip (i) Conidia on stalks arising from irregular disks Bremia 7: 243, S. 116 (2) Conidia on stalks arising directly from the unchanged ends of the conidi- ophores Plasmopara 7: 239 b. Conidia not papillate at the tip Peronospora 7: 244, S. 117 II. Conidiophores stout, swollen at the tip, or with short thick branches 1. Conidiophore simple up to the enlarged tip, which bears the conidia on slender stalks Basidiophora S. 114 2. Conidiophore with short thick branches bearing the conidia on flask-like stalks Sclerospora 7: 238, S. 114 i8 MONOBLEPHARIDACEAE— LABOULBENIACEAE Order 6. CONFERVALES Typically multicellular filamentous algae, propagating by zoospores, and repro- ducing by the union of isogametes, or by heterogametes borne in antherids and oogones ; one fungous family. Family 13. MONOBLEPHARIDACEAE ScHROETER io6, 7: 277, 14 : 452, 16: 394 Mycelium filamentous, one-celled or septate, producing zoospores and sex cells; zoospores i-ciliate arising in terminal sporangia; antherids cylindric producing ciliate antherozoids ; oogones globose, terminal, opening by a pore, l-spored. I. Zoospores i-ciliate 1. Mycelial threads equal throughout Monoblepharis 7: 277, S. 107 2. Mycelial threads constricted, necklace-like Gonapodya 14:452, S. 107 II. Zoospores two or more ciliate 1. Zoospores 2-ciIiate Diblepharis 16:395 2. Zoospores many-ciliate Myrioblepharis 14: 455 Class 4. ASCOMYCETES Fungi usually destitute of a conspicuous mycelium, reproducing by means of a spore-fruit containing asci (perithecium or apothecium), the spore-fruit occasionally reduced to a group of naked asci. Order 7. LABOULBENIALES ThAXTER 197, LiNDAU 491 Family 14. LABOULBENIACEAE 8: 909, 9: 1130, II : 446, 14: 72s, 16: 674, 17: 915 Receptacle consisting of two to many cells in a row, or parenchyma-like, regu- larly producing from the cells one or more appendages bearing antherids as a rule; antherozoids normally endogenous, borne within flask-like, simple or compound an- therids, rarely produced like conidia, i. e., naked or exogenous ; perithecia one to many, stalked or sessile, terminal or lateral on the receptacle, resulting from fertilization by means of a trichogyne ; asci seriate, mostly 4-spored, spores usually- 2-celled. I. Antherozoids endogenous, i. e., in closed antherids I. Antheridial cells forming a compound antherid a. Dioecious (i) Perithecia and appendages in pairs to the right and left Dimorphomyces T. 264, L. 497 (2) Perithecia and appendages in a row Dimeromyces T. 267, L. 497 b. Monoecious (i) Antherids arising on an appendage (a) Antherids lateral X. On a. subbasal cell of the appendage Cantharomyces T. 271, L. 497 LABOULBENIACEAE " I9 y. On short opposite branchlets of the appendage Stichomyces T. 4: 37 (b) Antherids terminal X. Antherid with a short spine at the tip Haplomyces T. 269, L. 497 y. Antherid without a spine but with a neck-like canal cell (x) Ascogenic cells at least 36 Polyascomyces T. 2: 414 (y) Ascogenic cells few m. Stalk of antherid a single cell (m) Antheridial cells obliquely in vertical rows r. Subbasal cell of receptacle with a sterile appendage Eumonoecomyces T. 4: 21 s. Subbasal cell of receptacle without sterile appendage Eucantharomyces T. 273, L. 497 (n) Antherid parenchyma-like, many-celled r. Antheridial cells with three marginal cells Euhaplomyces T. 4: 25 s. Antherial cells without marginal cells Camptomyces T. 274, L. 498 (o) Antherid of several superposed cells bearing single simple an- therids directly r. Simple antherids two Acallomyces T. 5: 23 s. Simple antherids several Acompsomyces T. 4: 37 n. Stalk of two cells placed side by side Monoecomyces T. 2: 412, 4: 23 (2) Antherids arising on the receptacle (a) Perithecia free X. Receptacle of a single row of several to many superposed cells Enarthromyces T. 276, L. 498 y. Receptacle of one or two superposed cells followed by two or three oblique or transverse rows (x) Receptacle with one basal cell m. Basal cell followed by two tiers of cells Limnaeomyces T. 2: 428 n. Basal cell followed by three symmetrical series Dichomyces T. 282, L. 499 (y) Receptacle with two superposed basal cells Peyritschiella T. 278, L. 499 (b) Perithecia grown together with distal portion of receptacle X. Base of receptacle of two superposed cells Chitonomyces T. 285, L. 499 y. Base of three superposed cells Hydraeomyces T. 293, L. 500 Antheridial cells distinct, discharging independently 1. Dioecious (l) Perithecium borne by the basal or subbasal cell of receptacle (a) Perithecium on the single basal cell, spores continuous Amorphomyces T. 295, L. 501 LABOULBENIACEAE (b) Perithecium lateral on the subbasal cell, spores obliquely i-septate Dioecomyces T. 4: 33 (2) Two-celled normal receptacle producing secondary receptacles on which the perithecia are borne Herpomyces T. 5: 11 b. Monoecious (1) Antherids in definite series on the appendages (a) Arising directly from cells of the appendages X. Appendage one (x) Antherids in 4 vertical series Helminthophana T. 297, L. 501 (y) Antherids in a single vertical series Stigmatomyces T. 298, L. 501 y. Appendages numerous, antherids in 3 vertical series Idiomyces T. 302, L. 501 (b) Borne on branches of the appendages X. Appendage one (x) Appendage with sterile terminal branchlets, antherids in short series near its base Rhadinomyces T. 305, L. 501 (y) Appendage with fertile terminal branchlets bearing antherids laterally Eucorethromyces T. 2 : 433 y. Appendages forming a tuft, antherids on lateral branchlets Corethromyces T. 303, L. 501 (2) Antherids not in definite series on the appendages (a) Receptacle 2-celled X. Basal cell with rhizoids (x) A single receptacle from each rhizoid base Rhizomyces T. 307, L. 502 (y) Several receptacles from a common rhizoid base Moschomyces T. 368, L. 504 y. Basal cell not from a rhizoid (x) Appendage single m. Receptacle of 2 superposed cells (m) Basal cell spheric, penetrating by a long filament Ceraiomyces T. 3: 410 (n) Basal cell elongate Sphaleromyces T. 365, L. 504 n. Receptacle of a series of superposed cells Ectinomyces T. 5: 26 (y) Appendages several to many m. Appendages and perithecium in a whorl Compsomyces T. 366, L. 504 n. Appendages in a row Clematomyces T. 2: 439 (b) Receptacle more than 2-celIed X. Receptacle of seriate, regularly superposed cells (x) Plant bilaterally symmetrical Diplomyces T. 357, L. 503 (y) Plant asymmetrical m. Receptacle of two contiguous and united rows (m) A single basal cell Rhachomyces T. 358, L. 504 ERYSIBACEAE 21 (n) Basal and subbasal cell present Distichomyces T. 6:308 n. Receptacle of a single row Chaetomyces T. 364, L. 504 y. Receptacle more or less parenchyma-like, at most only part of the cells superposed in series (x) Appendages all on one side Laboulbenia T. 308, L. 502 (y) Appendages on two sides Rickia 16: 68g (z) Appendages completely surrounding the perithecium Teratomyces T. 354 L. 502 II. Antherozoids exogenous, i. e., produced terminally or laterally on the appendages as naked cells 1. Receptacle large, very many-celled, parenchyma-like a. Perithecium with six wall cells in each row (1) Base of trichogyne persistent as a one-celled appendage Caenomyces T. 4: 44 (2) Base of trichogyne not persistent as an appendage Zodiomyces T. 371, L. 504 b. Perithecium with 9-10 wall cells in each row Euzodiomyces T. 2: 449 2. Receptacle of a series of superposed cells a. Appendage single Ceratomyces T. 372, L. 505 b. Appendages several Coreomyces T. 5: 56 The genus Misgomyces T. 2 : 443 has not been included in the key owing to the fact that its antherids are unknown ; it is very closely related, apparently, to Laboul- benia. Order 8. SPHAERIALES Mycelium sometimes superficial and abundant, often forming a thallus with algae, but usually scanty and imbedded in the matrix, the threads branched and septate ; prop- agation by means of conidia borne on branches of the mycelium, or by means of pycnidia ; reproduction resulting in a globose, flask-shaped or flattened perithecium, with a round mouth or ostiole except in the simpler forms, in which appendages are also often found; asci usually 8-spored and with paraphyses ; spores hyaline, yellow- ish or brown, one to many-celled. Family 15. ERYSIBACEAE i: I, 9: 364, 11: 253, 14: 404. 17: 526 Mycelium white, cobwebby, superficial, penetrating the epiderm by means of haustoria ; propagation by chains of conidia cut off from upright simple branches ; perithecium without mouth, membranous, regularly with simple or modified appen- dages, often imbedded in the nycelium ; ascus one to several, globose to ovoid, 2-8- spored, without paraphyses ; spores usually i-celled, hyaline. Hyalosporae Spores i-celled, hyaline I. Perithecium with one ascus 1. Appendages simple Sphaerotheca i: 3 2. Appendages dichotomously branched Podosphaera i : 2 ^2 ERYSIBACEAE— PERISPORIACEAE II. Perithecium with several asci 1. Appendages present a. Appendages simple, thread-like Erysibe i: 15 h. Appendages branched or otherwise modified (i) Appendages dichotomously branched Microsphaera 1:10 (2) Appendages modified but not branched (a) Appendages stiff and bristle-like X. Appendages numerous, not swollen at base Pleochaete i: g y. Appendages few, swollen at base Phyllactinia i: 5 (b) Appendages coiled at tip Uncinula 1:6 2. Appendages absent; perithecium surrounded by the mycelium Erysibella i : 23 Dictyosporae Spores usually hyaline, muriform A single genus Saccardia i: 24 Family 16. PERISPORIACEAE I : 24, 9 : 371, II : 253, 14 : 462, 16 : 398, 17 : 524 Mycelium superficial, dark, filamentous, sometimes lacking, rarely forming a firm stroma ; conidia or pycnidia rarely present ; perithecium without a mouth, or open- ing irregularly, usually globose, membranous or coriaceous, rarely carbonous, appen- dages usually lacking ; asci mostly numerous, clustered, more or less cylindric, mostly 8-spored, paraphyses regularly lacking ; spores various. Hyalosporae Spores i-celled, hyaline or yellowish I. Perithecia bright-colored, yellow or reddish, rarely white 1. Asci 8-spored a. Perithecia with setae, or hairs (i) With long rigid setae Chaetothece 11:254 (2) With many hairs, immersed in a dense subicle Cryptothecium 14:465 b. Perithecia glabrous (i) Spores with an unequal samariform appendage Samarospora 11 : 254 (2) Spores not appendaged (a) Spores verrucose Anixiopsis 14: 464 (b) Spores smooth X. Conidiophores branched Allescheria 14: 464 y. Conidiophores simple, swollen at tip Eurotium i : 25 (Kickxella 9: 372) 2. Asci many-spored Pisomyxa i: 29 II. Perithecia dark or black, spores hyaline I. Asci 2-8-spored PERISPORIACEAE 23 a. Ascus single Cystotheca 16: 407 b. Asci several or many (i) Perithecia numerous in setose stroma-like cups Lasiobotrys i: 29 (2) Perithecia not in cups (a) Perithecia globose Meliolopsis i: 68 (b) Perithecia applanate Asterula i: 47 2. Asci many-spored a. Asci many Apiosporium i: 30 b. Ascus single Monascus 9:373 in. Perithecia brown, then black, spores yellow Anixia 1:34 Phaeosporae Spores l-celled, dark I. Asci capitate on tips of branched hyphae Cephalothece i : 36 II. Asci sessile or on simple stalks 1. Perithecia with appendages a. Spores globose, conglobate (i) Appendages closely spiral, convolute Pleurascus 16: 1123 (2) Appendages flexuose-tortuose Arachnomyces 17: 532 b. Spores ellipsoid (i) Appendages several times branched Ascotricha i: 37 (2) Appendages circinate at apex Magnusia i: 38 2. Perithecia without appendages a. Perithecia hairy or setose Chaetomidum 1:39 b. Perithecia glabrous (i) Perithecia innate upon a radiate subicle Asteronia i: 47 (2) Perithecia not on a radiate subicle (a) Spores at first conglobate Laaseomyces 16:405 (b) Spores free from the first X. Growing on lichen thalli Orbicula i : 38 y. Growing on roots Thielavia i : 39 Hyalodidymae Spores 2-celled, (i-septate), hyaline I. Asci 8-spored 1. Cells of spore separating easily Neorehmia 17:536 2. Cells of spore not separating a. Perithecia on a radiate subicle Asterella i : 42 b. Perithecia on a uniform subicle Dimerosporium i : 51 II. Asci many-spored Pampolysporium 16:411 Phaeodidymae Spores i-septate, dark when mature, rarely yellowish I. Perithecia on a subicle 1. Subicle radiate : perithecia lenticular Asterina i : 39 2. Subicle uniform, dematium-like ; perithecia globose 24 PERISPORIACEAE a. Perithecia without basal setae (i) Asci several or many Dimerium 1:51, 17: 537 (2) Ascus one, rarely two Balladyna 16:411 b. Perithecia with basal setae Kusanobotrys 17:881 II. Perithecia not seated on a subicle 1. Perithecia gelatinous when wet, honey-yellow Engleruia 17: 529 2. Perithecia membranous or carbonous, usually dark a. Spores apiculate-appendaged, very large Zopfia 1 : 54 b. Spores not appendaged, small or medium (i) Spores smooth (a) Spores elongate-oblong, very large Richonia 9: 379 (b) Spores subtrapeziform, small Argynna 14: 470 (c) Spores ellipitic, medium Parodiella i: 717, 9: 409 (2) Spores spiny or roughened (a) Peritheciura irregularly dehiscent; asci not long-stalked Marchaliella ii: 257 (b) Perithecia regularly areolate-dehiscent ; asci long-stalked Testudina 9: 378 Hyalophragmiae Spores with 2 or more cross walls, hyaline I. Perithecia on a radiate subicle Asteridium i : 49 II. Perithecia on a uniform subicle 1. Subicle effuse, dematium-like ; perithecium closed Zukalia 9: 431 2. Subicle fibrous, subcrustose ; perithecium perforate Perisporiopsis 17:544 Phaeophragmiae Spores 2-several-septate, dark I. Perithecia on a radiate subicle Meliola i: 60 (Limacinia 14:474) II. Subicle uniform or absent 1. Spores separating at the joints a. Paraphyses lacking Perisporium i: 55 b. Paraphyses present Schenckiella 11:268 2. Spores not separating Perisporina 17: 545 Hyalodictyae Spores muriform, hyaline I Perithecia on a subicle, closed Zukaliopsis 17: 554 Phaeodictyae Spores muriform, dark I. Perithecia globose 1. Spores with an appendage at each end Ceratocarpia 14: 474 2. Spores without appendages CAPNODIACEAE-SPHAERIACEAE 25 a. Subicle radiate Pleomeliola i: 70, 17: 554 b. Subicle lacking Cleistothece 11: 270 11. Perithecia applanate Cookella i: 71 Scolecosporae Spores filiform, septate or continuous, hyaline or subhyaliiie I. Perithecium opening by a small pore Saccardomyces 17: 530 II. Perithecium without a pore 1. Subicle radiate, paraphyses present Ophiomeliola 16: 416 2. Subicle uniform, paraphyses absent Hyaloderma 9: 437 Family 17. CAPNODIACEAE 1:73, 9:438, 11:270, 14:476, 17:555 Perithecia yertically elongate, clavate or cylindric, obtuse or acute, simple or branched, usually laciniate-dehiscent at the apex, on a thick black mycelium, which is rarely absent. I. Subicle crustose 1. Spores i-celled, globose Capnodiella i: 74 2. Spores 3-4-septate, dark Capnodaria i : 74 3. Spores muriform, dark Capnodium 1:73, 80 II. Subicle very thick, spongy Scorias i: 83 III. Subicle sparse or lacking 1. Spores i-celled, hyaline Capnodiopsis 17: 555 2. Spores 2-celled, hyaline; perithecium gelatinous Seuratia 17: 558 Family 18. SPHAERIACEAE I : 88, 2:1, 9:4, II : 271, 14; 478, 16: 417, 17: 560 Mycelium scanty and immersed, or often producing a stroma, rarely a subicle ; perithecia typically globoid, often drawn out into a beak, membranous, coriaceous, or carbonous, brown or black, dehiscing by a round pore or ostiole, single, cespitose or composite in a stroma ; in the latter case each perithecium is distinct, not merely a locule in the stroma ; asci usually numerous, elongate, usually paraphysate ; spores various. AUantosporae Spores I-celled, obtuse, curved-oblong, hyaline or olivascent I. Perithecia sparse or cespitose I. Ostiole central, very short a. Asci 8-spored (1) Perithecia covered (a) Perithecia minute, glabrous Massalongiella i : 89 (b) Perithecia largish, strigose-pilose Enchnoa 1:89 (2) Perithecia subsuperficial (a) Perithecia globose, never collapsing Bizzozera A: 24, 9:445 ^6 SPHAERIACEAE (b) Perithecia collapsing, becoming cup-shaped X. Perithecia gregarious Coelosphaeria i: 91 y. Perithecia cespitose Nitschkea 11: 272 b. Asci many-spored Fracchiaea i: 93 2. Ostiole central, papillate Neoarcangelia 16: 419 3. Ostiole lateral, conic Pleurostoma i : 95 II. Perithecia composite, typically in a stroma 1. True stroma lacking; perithecia heaped together between bark and vfood a. Asci 8-spored; ostiole short or long Calosphaeria 1:95 (16:419, 421) b. Asci many-spored ; ostiole very short Coronophora i : 103 2. True stroina present ; perithecia immersed in bark or wood a. Stroma formed by the changed matrix (i) Stroma valsous, i. e., perithecia in a circle (a) Asci 4-8-spored X. Perithecia usually 4, never more than 6, in each stroma Quaternaria i: 106 y. Perithecia many, 8-30, in most stromata at least (x) Perithecia circinate or monostichous, ostiole entire; asci subsessile. Valsa i: 108 (y) Perithecia monostichous or polystichous, ostiole not entire ; asci stipitate Eutypella i: 145, 17: 569 (b) Asci many-spored Valsella i: 158 (2) Stroma eutypeous, i. e., broadly and indefinitely effuse (a) Asci 8-spored X. Stroma conspicuous, cortical or woody Eutypa 1:162, 17:569 y. Stroma more or less obsolete (x) Stroma woody; ostiole largish; spores subfuscous Endoxyla 1:181 (y) Stroma cortical ; ostiole small ; spores subhyaline Cryptosphaeria i : 182 (b) Asci many-spored X. Stroma manifest, cortical or woody Cryptovalsa i: 187 y. Stroma obsolete, cortical Cryptosphaerella i: 186 b. Stroma different from the substance of the matrix (i) Asci 8-spored; stroma effuse or disciform Diatrype 1:191, 9:480 (2) Asci many-spored; stroma verruciform Diatrypella i: 200 Hyalosporae 1:407, A 58, 9:577, 11:289, 14:515, 16:452, 17:573 Spores l-celled, hyaline or nearly hyaline, ovoid, oblong or fusoid, rarely irregular or stellate, not allantoid. I. Perithecia single or separate I. Perithecia beaked or with a stellate ostiole a. Perithecia subcarbonous HYALOSPORAE 27 (1) Spores normal, i. e., not modified (a) Perithecia superficial, glabrous or dark hairy Ceratostomella i: 408 (b) Perithecia innate-erumpent, yellow-hairy Camptosphaeria i: 413 (2) Spores with a ring-like appendage Rostrella 17: 609 b. Perithecia submembranous, usually phyllogenous (i) Ostiole black, not stellate Gnomoniella i: 413 (2) Ostiole white, stellate with black wartlike appendages Rinia 17: 591 2. Perithecia not beaked a. Perithecia covered (l) Asci 1-2- or 4-8-spored (a) Paraphyses present Physalospora i: 433 (incl. Stigmatula i : 543) (b) Paraphyses lacking X. Spores long-caudate (x) Spores caudate at one end only Urcspora 1:448 (y) Spores caudate at both ends Urosporella 14: 523 y. Spores not caudate (x) Asci i-2-spored m. Perithecia perforate fDiplosporis 11: 292 (Geminispora) n. Perithecia closed, then splitting irregularly at apex Spolverinia 17: 577 (y) Asci 4-8-spored m. Perithecia lenticular, perforate Laestadia i : 420 n. Perithecia globose, papillate Phomatospora i : 432 (2) Asci many-spored (a) Perithecia glabrous Ditopella 1:450 (b) Perithecia strigose-pilose Polytrichia i: 451 b. Perithecia superficial (i) Perithecia smooth, i. e., glabrous (a) Spores stellate Inzengaea 9: 610 (b) Spores not stellate X. Perithecia on a dark crustose subicle Filgeriella 16: 464 y. Perithecia not on a subicle (x) Perithecia surrounded by dark hyphae at base Guignardiella 16: 465 (y) Perithecia without dark hyphae at base Wallrothiella i: 455 (incl. Zignoina 2: 219) (2) Perithecia hairy (a) Asci 8-spored Trichosphaeria i: 452 (b) Asci i6-spored TrichoEphaerella g: 604 28 SPHAERIACEAE II. Perithecia upon or within a stroma or subicle 1. Perithecia beaked Glomerella i6: 452, 17: 573 2. Perithecia not beaked a. Perithecia immersed in a subicle Scortechinia A 68, 9: 604 b. Perithecia in or upon a stroma (i) Stroma radiate, phyllogenous Trabutia i : 449 (2) Stroma not radiate, usually caulicole (a) Necks of perithecia wanting, stroma disk-like Botryosphaeria i: 456 (incl. Gibellia A 406, g : 608 and Coutinia 17: 589) (b) Necks of perithecia present, stroma valsiform Cryptosporella i: 466 (incl. Diaporthopsis 9:610) Phaeosporae l: 214, 9: 481, 11: 278, 14: 489, 16: 427, 17: 593 Spores i-celled, colored, usually yellowish or brown, ovoid, oblong or fusoid I. Perithecia separate, at least without a stroma 1. Covered, often erumpent a. Asci i-spored Haplosporium A 40, g: 495 b. Asci 4-8-spored (i) Perithecia covered by the blackened adhering epiderm Anthostomella i: 278 (2) Perithecia erumpent with a stellate volva Astrocystis i : 293 c. Asci many-spored (i) Spores smooth Miillerella A 40, g: 4g5 (2) Spores verrucose Mesnieria 16:440 2. Superficial or subsuperficial a. Perithecia long-beaked (i) Spores lunulate; fimicole Micrascus A :37, 9: 483 (2) Spores globose to elliptic ; not fimicole Ceratostoma i: 215 b. Perithecia not beaked (l) Perithecia submembranous (a) Spores with a mucous sheath or tail; usually fimicole X. Asci 4-8-spored (x) Spores with a hyaline tail or cauda Sordaria i: 230 (y) Spores with a mucous sheath m. Perithecia sparse Hypocopra i : 240 n. Perithecia densely aggregate, almost stroma-like Coprolepa i: 2^8 y. Asci many-spored, spores usually caudate Philocopra i: 249 (b) Spores without mucous sheath or tail X. Perithecia with simple setae, asci persistent Helminthosphaeria i : 230 PHAEOSPORAE 29 y. Perithecia with branched, hooked or spiral setae ; asci diffluent (x) Spores subglobose to elliptic Chaetomium i: 220 (y) Spores triangular Bommerella A 38, 9: 486 (2) Perithecia typically carbonous Rosellinia i: 252 (incl. Pleosporopsis 14:501 and Tympanopsis 1 1 : 283 (3) Perithecia coriaceous, firm, ascending-elongate Bombardia i : 277 II. Perithecia in a stroma 1. Stroma immersed, somewhat woody; perithecia membranous Anthostoma 1 : 293 2. Stroma superficial, carbonous or leathery; perithecia carbonous a. Stroma terete, fruticose or filiform (1) Stroma fimicole tPedisordaria 14:494 (Podosordaria) (2) Stroma not fimicole (a) Stroma with a single perithecium at apex Capnodiella 17: 621 (b) Stroma containing many perithecia X. Perithecia immersed laterally (x) Stroma fruticose, clavate or filiform Xylaria i : 309 (incl. Kretschmaria 9: 565) (y) Stroma disk-like or cupulate above Xylariodiscus 16:449 y. Perithecia immersed vertically (x) Perithecia immersed annulately about the truncate apex Camillea i: 346 (y) Perithecia crowded beneath an operculate disk Henningsinia 16:450 b. Stroma effuse, globose or cupulate, adnate or substipitate (i) Conidia superficial on the young stroma (a) Stroma usually fimicole Poronia 1:348 (b) Stroma not fimicole X. Stroma concentrically zonate Daldinia i : 393 y. Stroma not concentrically zonate (x) Stroma repand-pulvinate, somewhat hollow Ustilina 1:351 (y) Stroma solid m. Stroma subglobose, hemispheric or obpiriform (m) Stroma not modified with squarrose papery membranes Penzigia 9:567 (n) Stroma modified by squarrose papery membranes Squamotubera 17:620 n. Stroma effuse (m) Perithecia immersed, necks rather long Bolinia i : 352 30 SPHAERIACEAE (n) Perithecia innate-prominent, necks lacking Hypoxylum i : 352 (2) Conidia arising beneath the upper layer of the disk-like or cupulate stroma (a) Perithecia flask-shaped Nummularia 1:395 (b) Perithecia long-cylindric Solenoplea 17:619 Hyalodidymae i: 475, 9: 611, 11: 295, 14: 525, 16: 468, 17: 63s Spores l-septate (2-celled), hyaline or subhyaline, ovoid, oblong or fusoid T. Perithecia separate I. Perithecia covered or nearly so a. Perithecia beaked, submembranous (i) Asci 8-spored Gnomonia 1:561 (2) Asci many-spored Rehmiella g: 676 b. Perithecia not beaked (i) Asci 8-spored (a) Perithecia in a phyllogenous pseudostroma Hypospilina 2: igo (b) Perithecia not in a phyllogenous pseudostroma X. Paraphyses lacking Sphaerella i: 476 (incl. Lizoniella 17:661) y. Paraphyses present (x) Spores surrounded with mucus Massarinula 14: 536 (y) Spores not surrounded with mucus m. Spores septate near the base Apiospora i: 539 (incl. Stigmatea i : 541) n. Spores septate near the middle (m) Perithecia smooth Didymella 1:545 (incl. atigmatea i : 545) (n) Perithecia long-hairy Arcangelia g: 6g6 (2) Asci 16-24-spored (a) Asci i6-spored Mycosphaerella 9: 659 (b) Asci 24-spored Hariotia g: 672 2. Perithecia superficial or nearly so a. Perithecia beaked (i) Spores expelled in a mucous mass Spumatoria 16: 1134 (2) Spores not expelled in a mucous mass Lentomita i: 584 b. Perithecia not beaked (i) Perithecia smooth (a) Asci 8-spored X. Paraphyses lacking (x) Perithecia borne in lichen thalli Pharcidia g: 676, 17: 635 (incl. Epicymatia i: 570) (y) Perithecia not in lichen thalli Bertia i : 581 HYALODIDYMAE— PHAEODIDYMAE 3i y. Paraphyses present (x) Spores with a mucous layer produced into a spathulate ring Pteridiospora 14: 539 (y) Spores without a mucous layer m. Spores ellipsoid to fusoid Melanopsamma i: 575 n. Spores botuliform Thaxteria 9: 687 (b) Asci i6-spored Pseudolizonia 9: 682 (2) Perithecia with hairs or bristles (a) Paraphyses lacking X. Perithecia lichenicole Echinothecium 16:484 y. Perithecia typically on leaves, rarely on stems Venturia i: 586 (b) Paraphyses present Eriosphaeria i: 597 II. Perithecia cespitose Othiella i: 739, 17: 662 III. Perithecia in, or rarely upon, a stroma 1. Stroma scanty a. Perithecia smooth Gibbera i: 599 b. Perithecia setose Cacosphaeria 9: 699 2. Stroma well-developed a. Stroma white or colored (i) Stroma white and soft Melchiora 14: 538 (2) Stroma bright yellow Endothia i: 601 b. Stroma black, rarely yellowish (i) Perithecia botryose, erumpent, superficial Myrmaecium i : 600 (2) Perithecia immersed (a) Spores septate near the base Aplacodina 16: 485 (b) Spores septate near the middle X. Stroma valsa-like (x) Conidial stage Melanconium Melanconis i: 602 (y) Pycnidial stage Rabenhorstia Hercospora i : 605 (z) Pycnidial stage Phoma Diaporthe 1:606 y. Stroma eutype-like or diatrype-like Euporthe i: 631, i: 662 Phaeodidymae i: 701, 9: 723, 11: 312, 14: 551, 16: 498, 17: 675 Spores i-septate, dark, fuliginous to brown, ovoid, oblong or fusoid I. Perithecia separate I. Perithecia covered a. Paraphyses lacking Phaeosphaerella 9: 723 (incl. Lizonia i : 574) b. Paraphyses present (1) Asci 8-spored (a) Spores surrounded by a hyaline sheath Massariella i: 716 32 SPHAERIACEAE (b) Spores without a sheath Didymosphaeria i: 701 (2) Asci many-spored Tichothecium 17: 676, 9: Perithecia superficial or immersed at the base a. Subicle present 723 (i) Perithecia beaked (a) Paraphyses lacking (b) Paraphyses present (2) Perithecia not beaked (a) Perithecia glabrous (b) Perithecia setose Subicle lacking (l) Perithecia beaked (a) Asci paraphysate (b) Asci not paraphysate Rhynchomeliola A. 127, 9: 751 Gibellina A: 413, 9: 740, 11: 317 Neopeckia A: 26, 9: 749 tDimerosporis 17 : 686 (Dimerosporiopsis) Rhynchostoma i : 730 fDysrhynchis 17 : 689 (Henningsomyces) II. (2) Perithecia not beaked (a) Perithecia glabrous X. Perithecia carbonous y. Perithecia membranous or submembranous (x) Asci 8-spored ra. Perithecia globose, fimicole Delitschia n. Perithecia cupulate, not fimicole Gaillardiella 14: 559 (y) Asci many-spored Delitschiella 17: 688 (b) Perithecia setose Protoventuria A: 113, Perithecia cespitose or forming a crust, not stroraate Amphisphaeria i: 718 732 9: 741 1. Perithecia forming an effuse crust 2. Perithecia in groups a. Perithecia foliicole b. Perithecia lichenicole c. Perithecia ramicole III. Perithecia in a stroma 1. Spore with a mucous covering 2. Spore without a mucous covering a. Stroma erect, subterete Parodiella i: 717 Pseudotthia 16:507 Sorothelia A: 122, g: 728 Otthia i: 735 Massariovalsa 9: 755 Xylobotryum 11:319, 14:20 (Trachyxylaria 16: 510, Xyloceras 17: 690) Stroma flat, round or cushion-like, immersed or emerging (1) Paraphyses lacking (a) Stroma bearing conidia of Melanconium Melanconiella i: 740 (b) Stroma without conidia Camarops i: 753 (2) Paraphyses present (a) Stroma phyllogenous ; perithecia superficial Licopolia 16: 508 HYALOPHRAGMIAE 33 (b) Stroma not phyllogenous X. Perithecia valsoid Valsaria i: 741 y. Perithecia eutypoid Endoxylina 11: 318 Hyalophragmiae 2: 152, 9: 824, 11: 332, 14: s8i, 16: 528, 17: 692 Spores 2-several-septate, hyaline, oblong to cylindric I. Perithecia separate I. Perithecia covered or erumpent a. Perithecia beaked (1) Perithecia xylogenous, carbonous Ceratosphaeria 2: 227 (2) Perithecia phyllogenous, submembranous (a) Spores separating into halves Cryptoderis -2: 229 (b) Spores not separating into halves Gnomoniopsis 17:716 b. Perithecia not beaked (i) Spores with a mucous covering Massarina 2: 153 (2) Spores without a mucous covering (a) Perithecia submembranous, pseudostroma lacking X. Paraphyses lacking Sphaerulina 2: 186 y. Paraphyses present (x) Spores muticate Metasphaeria 2:156 (incl. Charrinia 14: 585) (y) Spores with a seta or cusp at either end Ceriosporella 2: 184, 14: 19 (b) Perithecia membranous, in a leafy pseudostroma Hypospila 2: 189 (c) Perithecia subcarbonous, pseudostroma lacking, spores 20-30-septate Saccardoella 2: 190 2. Perithecia superficial or subsuperficial a. Perithecia glabrous (i) Perithecia stalked, covered with a bright powder Bombardiastrum 11:338 (2) Perithecia not stalked, powdery covering lacking (a) Spores 2-septate Melomastia 2:213 (b) Spores typically 3 or more-septate X, Perithecia carbonous, black Zignoella 2:214 (incl. Bertiella 17:708) y. Perithecia softish, greenish or reddish Winterina 14: 589 b. Perithecia hairy or byssisede (i) Perithecia of one color (a) Spores chain-like, separating into globose joints Hormosperma 14: 591 (b) Spores not separating into joints X. Perithecia carbonous, large (x) Spores cylindric, elongate Lasiosphaeria 2: 191 34 SPHAERIACEAE (y) Spores fusoid, somewhat short Enchnosphaeria 2: 205 y. Perithecia submembranous, small Acanthostigma 2: 207 z. Perithecia fleshy-coriaceous, hairs fascicled on a central disk Actiniopsis 16: 543 (2) Perithecia of two colors, usually reddish at vertex Herpotrichia 2: 211 II. Perithecia cespitose, erumpent, superficial, membranous Baumiella 17: 708 III. Perithecia in a stroma or on a subicle 1. Perithecia on a subicle ; asci many-spored, paraphyses lacking Sydowia 11:341 2. Perithecia in a stroma a. Stroma lichenicole, white, lanose Dichosporium 16: 542 b. Stroma not lichenicole, black -• ., (1) Stroma immersed Calospora 2: 231 (2) Stroma superficial (a) Stroma lentiform, adnate to the pycnidium Melanops 2: 231 (b) Stroma pulvinate or hemispheric Holstiella 14: 593 Phaeophragmiae 2: I, 9: 759, 11: 319, 14: 561, 16: 510, 17: 718 Spores 2-several-septate, olive, melleous or fuliginous, oblong to cylindric I. Perithecia separate I. Perithecia covered or erumpent a. Spores with a mucous covering Massaria 2:2 b. Spores without a mucous covering (i) Perithecia depressed beneath a black cortical clypeus Clypeosphaeria 2: 90 (2) Perithecia without a stromatic clypeus (a) Spores muticate X. Paraphyses lacking Phaeospora 16: 519 y. Paraphyses present (x) Cells of spore concolorous m. Perithecia glabrous (m) Perithecia rostrate Rhynchosphaeria 16: 524 (n) Perithecia not beaked r. Spores cylindric, connected in pairs in the ascus Leptosphaeropsis 9:770, 11:321 5. Spores separate Leptosphaeria 2: 13 (incl. Cladosphaeria 11:321, Chi- tonospora g : 797) n. Perithecia setose or hairy Pocosphaeria 11: 325 (y) Cells of spore discolorous Heptameria 2: 88 (incl. Passeriniella 11: 326) (b) Spores caudate or cuspidate X. Spores caudate at base Rebentischja 2: 12 y. Spores cuspidate at both ends Ceriospora 14: 19, 2: 184 PHAEOPHRAGMIAE— HYALODICTYAE 3S 2. Perithecia superficial or subsuperficial a. Perithecia glabrous (1) Phytophilous (a) Spores finally separating into joints X. Joints i-celled Ohleriella 17: 736 y. Joints 2-celled Ohleria 2: 96 . (b) Spores not separating into joints X. Perithecia smooth or nearly so (x) Spores biconic with a mucous covering Caryospora 2: 122 (y) Spores mediimi, no mucous covering m. Ostiole narrow Melanomma 2 : 98 n. Ostiole widely open Trematosphaeria 2: 115 y. Perithecia verrucose Stuartella 2: 123 (2) Fimicole Sporormia 2: 123 b. Perithecia pilose or byssisede (1) Perithecia concolorous (a) Spores cylindric, elongate *Lasiosphaeris 2: 194 (b) Spores fusoid, somewhat short Chaetosphaeria 2: 92 (2) Perithecia discolorous at the vertex ■■'Herpothrix 2: 211 TI. Perithecia cespitose, erumpent Gibberidea 2: 132 in. Perithecia in a stroma 1. Stroma lichenicole fTrematosphaeris 17: 735 (Trematosphaeriopsis) 2. Stroma not lichenicole a. Asci i-spored Titania 9: 823 b. Asci 4-8-spored (i) Stroma valsa-like, innate (a) Asci 4-spored Aglaospora 2: 133 (b) Asci 6-8-spored X. Acervuli covered with a reddish or yellowish bran Thyridaria 2 : 140 y. Acervuli not covered with a bran Pseudovalsa 2: 135 (2) Stroma eutype-like, i. e., woody, effuse (a) Paraphyses lacking Cryptosphaerina 16:521 (b) Paraphyses present Kalmusia 2: 142 (3) Stroma pulvinate, emerging Melogramma 2: 144 Hyalodictyae 2:238, 11:349, 9:872, 14:611, 16:554, 17:743 Spores transversally and longitudinally septate, usually muriform, hyaline, oblong to fusoid. 3. Perithecia separate I. Perithecia covered or erumpent a. Asci 8-spored (l) Paraphyses lacking 36 SPHAERIACEAE (a) Spores separate Pleosphaerulina ii: 350 (b) Spores in a common mucus Diplotheca 16: 555 (2) Paraphyses present (a) Perithecia covered by a stromatic clypeus Peltosphaeria g: 8g8 (b) Perithecia without a clypeus Catharinea 11: 350 b. Asci i6-spored; perithecia setose Capronia 2: 288 2. Perithecia superficial a. Perithecia glabrous (i) Perithecia softish, greenish or reddish Winteria 14: 589 (2) Perithecia hard, black (a) Perithecia beaked Rhamphoria 2: 307 (b) Perithecia not beaked Tichosporella 11:351 b. Perithecia setose or hairy (i) Perithecia globose, setose and byssisede Boerlagella 14: 612 (2) Perithecia turbinate, disk with fascicled hairs Ophiodictyum 16: 555 II. Perithecia in a stroma 1. Perithecia projecting, setose Berlesiella 9: 914 2. Perithecia immersed a. Stroma effuse, eutypeous Thyridella 11: 351 b. Stroma circular, valsous Clethridium 11: 350, 2: 332 Phaeodictyae 2: 238, 9: 872, 11: 341, 14: 594. 16: 544. 17: 746. Spores muriform, yellow to brown, oblong to fusoid. I. Perithecia separate I. Perithecia covered or erumpent a. Spores with a mucous layer Pleomassaria 2 : 239 b. Spores without a mucous layer (i) Perithecia without a phyllogenous pseudostroma (a) Asci i-2-spored Julella 2: 289 (b) Asci 8-spored X. Paraphyses lacking Leptosphaerulina 17: 746 y. Paraphyses present (x) Perithecia covered by a black stromatic clypeus Phaeopeltosphaeria 11: 344 (y) Perithecia not covered by a black stromatic clypeus m. Perithecia glabrous (m) Spores muticate r. Perithecia coriaceous Karstenula 2 : 240 s. Perithecia membranous (r) Spores rounded or terete h. Wall of perithecium single Pleospora 2: 241 PHAEODICTYAE— SCOLECOSPORAE Zy i. Wall of perithecium double Scleroplea i6: 548 (s) Spores compressed, flattened h. Perithecia smooth Clathrospora g: 894 i. Perithecia hairy *Comoclathris (n) Spores appendaged at both ends Delacourea 2: 288 n. Perithecia setose, especially about ostiole Pyrenophora 2: 277 (2) Perithecia in a phyllogenous pseudostroma Isothea 2: 290 2. Perithecia superficial a. Phytogenous (i) Perithecia soft, light colored Winteria 14:589 (2) Perithecia carbonous, black (a) Perithecia corrugate-tuberculate Crotonocarpia 2: 306 (b) Perithecia not corrugate X. Perithecia glabrous Tichospora 2: 290 y. Perithecia hairy Pleosphaeria 2: 304 b. Fimicole ; each spore of 3 lo-celled chains Pleophragmia 2: 307 II. Perithecia cespitose Cucurbitaria 2: 307 III. Perithecia in a stroma 1. Spores with a mucous layer Montagnula 14: 603 2. Spores without a raucous layer a. Stroma effuse, eutypeous Thyridium 2: 323 b. Stroma valsous Fenestella 2: 325 Scolecosporae 2: 337, 9: 923, 11: 3SI, 14: 613, 16: 557, 17: 767 Spores linear or filiform, continuous or septate, hyaline or yellowish. I. Perithecia separate I. Perithecia covered or erumpent a. Perithecia covered by a phyllogenous clypeus Linospora 2: 354 b. Perithecia not covered by a clypeus (i) Perithecia beaked Ophiognomonia 17: 776 (2) Perithecia not beaked (a) Perithecia glabrous X. Spores muticate (x) Spores in a hyaline sheath Ophiomassaria 11: 353 (y) Spores not in a hyaline sheath m. Perithecia globose to conoid Ophiobolus 2: 337 n. Perithecia cylindric, truncate Cylindrina A: 421, 9: 937 y. Spores awned at each end 38 SPHAERIACEAE— VERRUCARIACEAE (x) Perithecia very large, disk-form, corticole Therrya 2: 358 (y) Perithecia small, globose, on grasses and palms Dilophia 2: 357 (b) Perithecia hairy Ophiochaete 11: 353 2. Perithecia superficial or immersed at base a. Perithecia beaked Ophiochaete 11: 352 b. Perithecia not beaked (i) Perithecia fimicole Bovilla 2: 360 (2) Perithecia not fimicole (a) Perithecia glabrous X. Perithecia globose (x) Perithecia immersed at base Acerbia 11:353, 14:619 (y) Perithecia wholly superficial Leptosporella 14:619 y. Perithecia elongate cylindric; ostiole sulcate Bactrosphaeria 14: 617 (b) Perithecia hairy Acerbiella 17: 768 II. Perithecia in a stroma 1. Stroma superficial a. Perithecia in an efifuse definite stroma Maurya 14: 620 b. Perithecia densely heaped in a thin vanishing stroma Pseudomeliola g: 938 2, Stroma immersed or erumpent a. Stroma erumpent, yellow within Sillia i : 361 b. Stroma immersed, valsous (i) Necks of perithecia short, scarcely converging Vialaea 14: 619 (2) Necks long, converging into a disk Cryptospora 2: 361 Family 19. VERRUCARIACEAE Zahlbruckner si Mycelium parasitic on bluegreen or yellow green algae, and forming a more or less distinct crustose, foliose or fruticose thallus, the latter usually superficial but sometimes below the surface ; perithecia distinct, single or cespitose or united in a stroma, usually globose and ostiolate, membranous, coriaceous or carbonous ; asci i-many-spored; spores various. I. Perithecia separate, at least not in a stroma (Cfr. Lichinae, page 74.) I. Algae bluegreen, Nostoc, Scytonema, Sirosiphon, or Calothrix Subfamily Pyrenidiae 76 a. Asci 4-8-spored (i) Asci 4-spored; spores 3-septate Pyrenidium 77 (2) Asci 6-8-spored (a) Spores spheric, i-celled: algae Calothrix Calothricopsis 165 (b) Spores fusiform, i-septate VERRUCARIACEAE 39 X. Algae Sirosiphon or Scytonema Eolichen 76 y. Algae Nostoc Pyrenocollema 169 (c) Spores filiform, continuous Hassea 76 b. Asci raany-spored ; spores i-celled Placothelium 77 2. Algae yellow green, Pleurococcus, Palmella, Chroolepus, etc. a. Thallus crustose or gelatinous (i) Thallus gelatinous, hyphae loose Epigloea 53 (2) Thallus crustose, not gelatinous, hyphae compact (a) Algae Cystococcus, in sheathed colonies Subfamily Moriolae 52 X. Thallus without pseudoparenchyma Moriola 52 y. Thallus with pseudoparenchyma (x) Asci 8-spored m. Spores dark, i-septate *Dimerisma 52 n. Spores dark, 4-8-septate *Phaeomeris 52 o. Spores hyaline, 2-4-septate Spheconisca 52 (y) Asci many-spored ; spores hyaline, i-celled *PleophaIis 52 (b) Algae Pleurococcus or Palmella Subfamily Verrucariae 53 X. Paraphyses lacking, or soon disappearing (x) Asci i-8-spored m. Algae present within the perithecium ; spores muriform (m) Spores hyaline *Phalostauris 57 (n) Spores dark Staurothele 56 n. Algae lacking in perithecium (m) Spores i-celled r. Spores globose to elliptic (r) Perithecia more or less superficial h. Spores hyaline Verrucaria 54 i. Spores dark *Phaeosporis 55 (s) Perithecia immersed *Lithoecis 55 s. Spores vermiform, clavate at each end Saccopyrenia 54 (n) Spores 2-4-celled, hyaline r. Spores 2-celled Thelidium 56 s. Spores 4-celled *Phragmothele 56 (o) Spores muriform Polyblastia 56 (y) Asci many-spored Trimmatothele 56 y. Paraphyses persistent (x) Algae present in the perithecium Thelenidia 57 (y) Hy menial algae lacking m. Perithecia with normal ostiole 40 VERRUCARIACEAE (m) Spores i -celled r. Spores hyaline Thrombium 57 s. Spores dark *Phaeothrombis 57 (n) Spores septate r. Spores elliptic, 3-few-septate Geisleria 57 s. Spores muriform (r) Spores hyaline Microglaena 57 (s) Spores dark *Phaeoglaena 57 t. Spores needle-shaped, many-celled Gongylia 57 n. Ostiole margined by a broad disk (m) Spores transeptate Aspidopyrenium 58 (n) Spores muriform Aspidothelium 58 (c) Algae Chroolepus X. Perithecia upright, with vertical ostiole Subfamily Pyrenulae 62 (x) Paraphyses free, simple m. Perithecia smooth (m) Spores l-celled, colorless Coccotrema 66 (n) Spores septate r. Asci 4-8-spored (r) Asci persistent h. Spores transeptate (h) Spores hyaline +. Spores i-septate ( + ) Spore cells separating *Dichoporis 66 ( — ) Spore cells not separating *Diporina 66 — . Spores 2-many-septate Porina 66 (i) Spores dark + Spores i-septate *Dipyrenis 68 — . Spores several-septate Pyrenula 67 (incl. Blastodestnia 67) i. Spores muriform (h) Spores hyaline Clathroporina 67 (i) Spores brown Anthracothecium 68 (s) Asci evanescent; spores acicular, clear Belonia 67 s. Asci many-spored; spores septate, clear (r) Spores i-celled *Holothelis 67 (s) Spores septate h. Spores i-septate *Dithelopsis 67 VERRUCARIACEAE 4' i. Spores 2-many-septate Thelopsis 67 n. Perithecia with stiff fascicled hairs Stereochlamys 68 (y) Paraphyses lacking, or branched and united m. Ostiole round or dot-like (m) Spores hyaline r. Spores : -septate *Pyrenyllium 64 s. Spores 2-many-septate (r) Spores oval to oblong Arthropyrenia 64 (incl. Pseudopyrenula 65) (s) Spores acicular to fihform Leptorhaphis 65 t. Spores muriform Polyblastiopsis 65 (n) Spores brown r. Spores i -septate Microthelia 62 s. Spores 2-several-septate *Polythelis 64 n. Ostiole radiate, torn or lobed Asteroporum 62 y. Perithecia oblique or horizontal with oblique or lateral ostiole Subfamily Paratheliae 71 (x) Spores transeptate m. Spores hyaline (m) Spores i-septate *Ditremis 71 (n) Spores several-septate, oblong Pleurotrema 71 (incl. Plagiotrema 72) (o) Spores filiform, many-celled *Trichotrema 71 n. Spores brown Parathelium 72 (y) Spores muriform m. Spores hyaline Campylothelium 7a n. Spores brown Pleurothelium 72 (d) Algae Phyllactidium or Cephaleurus Subfamily Strigulae 74 X. Perithecia smooth (x) Paraphyses simple, free m. Spores transeptate (m) Spores i-septate *Phylloporis 75 (n) Spores several-septate r. Thallus uniform Phylloporina 75 s. Thallus orbicular, lobed at edge Strigula 76 n. Spores muriform Phyllobathelium 75 (y) Paraphyses branched and united m. Spores i-celled, dark Haplopyrenula 74 n. Spores 2-4-celled, brown Microtheliopsis 75 VERRUCARIACEAE— HYPOCREACEAE y. Perithecia with fascicled nearly horizontal hairs at apex Trichothelium 75 Thallus foliose or scaly Subfamily Dermatocarpae 58 (i) Algae Palmella (a) Hyraenial algae lacking X. Paraphyses lacking, or fused into a mass (x) Paraphyses lacking; thallus without cortex Normandina 59 (y) Paraphyses fused ; thallus corticate m. Spores i-celled, colorless Dermatocarpum 60 n. Spores septate (m) Spores colorless (n) Spores brown y. Paraphyses persistent (x) Spores I -celled, brown (y) Spores muriform, colorless (b) Hymenial algae present (2) Algae Chroolepus ; spores colorless, Placidiopsis 60 Heterocarpum 60 Anapyrenium 59 Psoroglaena 59 Endocarpum 61 i-celled Lepolichen 69 Mastodia 241 (3) Algae Prasiola c. Thallus f ruticose, branched, with Pleurococcus ; spores muriform, brown Pyrenothamnia 61 II. Perithecia in a stroma (Cfr. Pertusariae, page 79.) I. Perithecia upright, with individual pores Subfamily Trypetheliae 69 a. Spores colorless (i) Spores transeptate (a) Spores oval to fusiform (b) Spores filiform (2) Spores muriform b. Spores brown (1) Spores transeptate (2) Spores muriform Trypethelium 70 Tomasiella 69 Laurera 71 Melanotheca 70 Bottaria 71 2. Perithecia oblique or horizontal, with a common canal or pore Subfamily Astrotheliae 72 a. Spores transeptate (i) Spores colorless ill. (2) Spores brown b. Spores muriform (1) Spores colorless (2) Spores brown Perithecia sunken in stroma-like warts; spored ; spores i-celled, clear Astrothelium 73 (incl. Lithothelium 73) Pyrenastrum 73 Heufleria 74 Parmenteria 74 horizontal thallus lacking; asci many- Thelocarpum 150 Family 20. HYPOCREACEAE 2: 447. 9: 941. 11: 354. 14: 621, 16: 559, 17: ^^^. Mycelium scanty and immersed or producing a subicle or a stroma; perithecia HYPOCREACEAE 43 globoid, sometimes beaked, fleshy, waxy or waxy-membranous, bright colored, usually reddish, more rarely blue, yellow or whitish, never carbonous, opening by a rou.ul pore or ostiole, single, cespitose or composite in a stroma; asci and spores as .n Sphaeriaceae. Allantosporae IT. 778 Spores i-celled, obtuse, curved-oblong. hyaline or olivascent One genus 2 : 447, Perithecia separate I. Perithecia covered a. Asci 8-spored Allantonectria 17: 778 Hyalosporae :94i, 11:354. 14:621, 16:559, 17:778 Spores i-celled, hyaline Hyponectria 2: 455 Thelocarpum 9: 946 II. I. 2. III. I b. Asci many-spored Perithecia superficial or nearly so a. Perithecia beaked ; spores ciliate b. Perithecia not beaked (i) Spores smooth (2) Spores ciliate or spiny (a) Spores i-ciliate at each end (b) Spores spiny, hemispheric Perithecia cespitose Asci 8-spored Asci many-spored Perithecia in a subicle or stroma Perithecia in a subicle, i. e., a cobwebby or cottony stroma Eleutheromyces 2: 455 Nectriella 2: 448 Heteronectria 14: 624 Cleistosoma A: 195, 9: 943 Lisiella 9: 945 Chilonectria 2 : 453 Peckiella 9 : 944 Byssonectria 2:456 a. Paraphyses lacking, fungicole b. Paraphyses numerous, not fungicole . Perithecia in a definite stroma a. Stroma effuse, globose, verruciform or linear (i) Asci S-spored (a) Perithecia circinate, valsiform Balzania 16:561 (b) Perithecia not circinate, mostly irregular X. Spores globose Battarina 2:533 y. Spores ovate to oblong (x) Stroma globose or verruciform m. Stroma globose, smooth, dark Pseudotrype 16:561 n. Stroma verruciform, hairy, red Selinia 2: 457 (y) Stroma lirelliform, clear (z) Stroma effuse, phyllogenous Monographus 2:457 (2) Asci many-spored ; phyllogenous b. Stroma elongate, erect Polystigma 2:458 Moelleriella 14:626 44 HYPOCREACEAE (i) Asci 8-spored (a) Stroma capitate, spores smooth Sphaerostilbella 17: 778 (b) Stroma clavaria-like ; spores asperate Penicilliopsis 9:945 (2) Asci i6-spored; stroma clavate; on insects Podostroma 11 : 355 Phaeosporae 2:459, 9:949. 11:35s, 14:626, 16:562, 17:781 Spores i-celled, dark I. Perithecia separate 1. Perithecia more or less covered 2. Perithecia superficial a. Perithecia not beaked (1) Perithecia smooth (a) Spores globose, verruculose (b) Spores oval to elliptic, smooth (2) Perithecia hairy b. Perithecia beaked (i) Asci 8-spored (2) Asci many-spored II. Perithecia in a subicle or a stroma 1. Perithecia immersed in a subicle a. Perithecia beaked b. Perithecia not beaked 2. Perithecia in a stroma a. Spores spheric b. Spores ovoid (i) Stroma clavate, pendulous (2) Stroma more or less globose (a) Perithecia in one layer (b) Perithecia in several layers Baculospora 9 : 952 Neocosmospora 16:562 *Sphaerodes 2 : 460 Erythrocarpum 9:950 Melanospora 2:461 Scopinella 9:953 *Rhynchomelas 2:461 Sphaeroderma 2 : 459 Thuemenella 14: 628 Xylocrea 16:451 Entonaema 16: 450 tStromne 16: 452 (Engleromyces) Hyalodidymae 2:46s, 9:953, 11:356, 14:628, 16:565, 17:782. Spores 2-celled, hyaline I. Perithecia separate or cespitose 1. Perithecia immersed ; in leaves 2. Perithecia superficial a. Perithecia red, yellow or white (i) Asci of one kind, 8-spored (a) Perithecia beaked (b) Perithecia not beaked X. Spore cells separating y. Spore cells not separating (x) Perithecia smooth Charonectria 2 : 466 Rhynchonectria 17:798 Bresadolella 17:797 HYPOCREACEAE 45 m. Perithecia often on a tubercularoid base Nectria 2 : 479 n. Perithecia on or with a stilboid base Sphaerostilbe 2:511 (y) Perithecia hairy *Dasyphthora 2:505 (2) Asci of two kinds, 8-spored and many-spored Aponectria 2: 516 (3) Asci many-spored Metanectria 2:517 b. Perithecia blue or violet (i) Asci 8-spored Lisea 2:517 (2) Asci many-spored Cyanocephalum 11:360 II. Perithecia in a subicle or stroma 1. Perithecia in a subicle a. Perithecia globose-conic, fungicole Hypomyces 2:466 b. Perithecia scutate-dimidiate, phyllogenous Puiggariella 2 : 478 2. Perithecia in a stroma a. Perithecia adnate to a fruticose stroma Corallomyces 2 : 519 b. Perithecia immersed in a clavate, globose, pulvinate or effuse stroma (i) Perithecia long-beaked Treleasia 14:640 (2) Perithecia not long-beaked (a) Spore divided near base Lambro 16:589 (b) Spore divided near middle X. Spore cells separating (x) Stroma vertically elongate Podocrea 17:799 (y) Stroma globose to effuse m. Conidiophore (Stilbum) arising from stroma Stilbocrea 16:588 n. Conidiophore lacking or not Stilbum Hypocrea 2:520 (incl. Cryphonectria 17:783, My- cocitrus 16: 589) y. Spore cells not separating Hypocreopsis 9:980 (incl. Clintoniella 16:588) Phaeodidymae 2:537, 9:981, 14:646, 16:591, 17:808. Spores 2-celled, dark I. Perithecia separate or cespitose 1. Perithecia immersed a. Perithecia white, ostiole cylindric ; on black fungi Passerinula 2: 537 b. Perithecia darkish, ostiole broad, bright ; in bark Spegazzinula 2 : 537 2. Perithecia superficial a. Spore cells separating Neoskofitzia 9:981 b. Spore cells not separating .+6 HYPOCREACEAE (i) Perithecia on or with a stilbum-like base Calostilbe i6: 591 (2) Perithecia without stilbum-like base, often with Helminthosporium Letendraea 2:538 (incl. Phaeonectria 11:359) II. Perithecia in a stroma Phaeocreopsis 16:591 Hyalophragmiae 2:539, 9:982, 11:363, 14:647, 16:592, 17:808 Spores 2-several-septate, hyaline 1 . Perithecia separate or cespitose 1. Perithecia immersed, spores falcate Cesatiella 2:557 2. Perithecia superficial a. Perithecia red, yellow or white (i) Perithecia on or with a stilbum base Stilbonectria 9:986 (2) Perithecia without a stilbum base (a) Perithecia astomous Malmeomyces 16:592 (b) Perithecia ostiolate X. Spores ciliate at each end Paranectria 2 : 552 (incl. Debaryella 17:809) y. Spores muticate Calonectria 2 : 540 b. Perithecia blue, violet or greenish (i) Spores muticate Gibberella 2:552 (2) Spores appendiculate each way Lecithium 11:364 n. Perithecia in a subicle or in a stroma 1. Perithecia in a subicle Berkelella 9:989 2. Perithecia in a pulvinate or discoid stroma Broomella 2: 557 Phaeophragmiae 2:539, 9:982, 11:363, 16:599 Spores 2-several-septate, dark I. Perithecia in a large tuberiform stroma Peloronectria 16:599 Hyalodictyae 2 : 558, 9 : 990, II : 364, 14 : 650, 16 : 599, 17 : 814 Spores muriform, hyaline I. Perithecia separate or cespitose, superficial 1. Perithecia red or yellow to whitish a. Perithecia with a stilbum base Megalonectria 2:560 b. Perithec'a Vifithout a stilbum base Pleonectria 2:559 2. Perithecia blue or violet Pleogibberella 9:992 II. Perithecia in a valsoid stroma Thyronectria 2:561 Phaeodictyae 2:558, 9:990, 11:364, 16:600, 17:815 Spores muriform, dark HYPOCREACEAE 47 T. Perithecia separate or cespitose 1. Perithecia beaked, asci 8-sporecl Bivonella 9: 989 2. Perithecia not beaked, asci many-spored Feracia 17: 815 II. Perithecia in a stroma 1. Asci paraphysate a. Stroma conoid, snow-white Leucocrea 16:601 b. Stroma tuberiform, rimose Shiraia 16: 600 2. Asci not paraphysate a. Stroma pulvinate, disk greenish Mattirolia 9:993 b. Stroma subcrustose Uleomyces 11:364 Scolecosporae 2:562,9:993, 11:36s, 14:651, 17:815, 16:601 Hyaloscoleciae Spores needle-shaped or filiform, hyaline or nearly so I, Perithecia separate or cespitose 1. Perithecia enclosed in a sack Oomyces 2:564 2. Perithecia not in a sack a. Perithecia immersed or erumpent (i) Perithecia many-perforate above Coscinaria 9:1003 (2) Perithecia with a single ostiole Micronectria 9:996 b. Perithecia superficial (1) Perithecia globose-conic, papillate, reddish Ophionectria 2:563 (2) Perithecia vertically oblong, not papillate, white Tubeufia 14: 652 II. Perithecia in a subicle or in a stroma 1. Perithecia in a subicle or byssoid stroma Torrubiella g : 994 (Helminthascus 16:616) 2. Perithecia in a stroma a. Stroma vertical (1) Stroma from a scierotium or a blackened matrix Claviceps 2: 564 (incl. ^alansia 9:997, Balansiella 17:822) (2) Stroma without scierotium; on insects or fungi Cordyceps 2 : 566 b. Stroma effuse or pulvinate Dussiella g: 1004 (1) Stroma on a white subicle (2) Stroma without a subicle (a) Stroma effuse, encircling culms Epichloe 2 : 578 (b) Stroma pulvinate to globose X. Spore cells separating (x) Perithecia in a definite peripheral zone Mycomalus 16:604 48 DOTHIDEACEAE (y) Perithecia not arranged in a zone m. Stroma hard and black Fleischera 17:819 n. Stroma fleshy and soft (m) Stroma fertile over entire surface Hypocrella 2 : 579 (n) Stroma fertile above, sterile below Ascopolyporus 16:605 y. Spore cells not separating Echinodothis 17:819 « Phaeoscoleciae Spores filiform, dark I. Stroma black, perithecia immersed ; spores dilabent, brown Konradia 16:605 Family 21. DOTHIDEACEAE Mycelium typically producing a stroma, in which the perithecia are more or less completely sunken and reduced to locules ; otherwise as in Sphaeriaceae. Hyalosporae 2:588, A: 222, 9:1004, 11:368, 14:663; 16:616, 17:827 Spores l-celled, hyaline or nearly hyaline, ovoid, oblong or fusoid, rarely globose I. Asci 8-spored 1. Stroma globose, pulvinate or cup-shaped a. Stroma cupulate-discoid, attached at center Schweinitziella g : 1005 b. Stroma pulvinate or subclypeate (i) Stroma pulvinate (a) Stroma subcoriaceous Bagnisiella 2:589 (b) Stroma corneous Kullhemia 2 : 591 (2) Stroma subclypeate, often oval to oblong Mazzantia 2 : 591 (incl. Diachora 11:374) 2. Stroma oblong, linear or effuse a. Stroma superficial, on flowers Hyalodothis 11:374 b. Stroma erumpent or superficial (1) Stroma waxy or fleshy a. Stroma more or less waxy within, linear, black Scirrhiella g: 1030 b. Stroma fleshy, white Monographus 2:457 (2) Stroma more or less carbonous, round to effuse (a) Asci usually shorter than 30 At Euryachora 2: 625 (b) Asci usually longer than 50/* Phyllachora 2:594 IL Asci 3-spored; stroma subglobose, subcorneous Zimmermanniella 17:827 Phaeosporae 2:626, 9:1031, 11:374. 14:675, 16:625, 17:841 Spores i-celled, colored, usually yellowish or brown, ovoid, oblong or fusoid DOTHIDEACEAE 49 I. Stroma subhemispheric to effuse ; asci 8-spored Auerswaldia 2 : 626 Hyalodidymae 2:627, 9:1034, 11:37s, 14:676, 16:625, 17:844 Spores i-septate (2-celled), hyaline or subhyaline, ovoid, oblong or fusoid I. Stroma pulvinate or disciform 1. Stroma pulvinate, erumpent, usually ramicole a. Asci 4-8-spored Plowrightia 2:63s b. Asci many-spored *Pleodothis 11: 376 2. Stroma disciform, superficial, foliicole Microcyclus 17:844 II. Stroma oblong to linear or effuse 1. Stroma linear Scirrhia 2: 634 2. Stroma oblong to effuse, sometimes orbicular a. Cells of spore very unequal Munkiella 9: 1034 b. Cells of spore equal (1) Locules immersed in stroma Dothidella 2:627 (2) Locules completely exserted from stroma Rosenscheldia 9:1036 Phaeodidymae 2:639, 9:1043, 11:377, 14:680, 16:628, 17:852 Spores l-septate, dark, fuliginous to brown, ovoid, oblong or fusoid I. Stroma superficial, disciform Maurodothis 17:856 II. Stroma erumpent, pulvinate to effuse 1. Stroma usually effuse Phaeodothis 17:854 2. Stroma pulvinate a. Stroma subcarbonous Russoella 9: 1044 b. Stroma subcoriaceous Dothidea 2: 639 (incl. Hypoxylopsis 17: 855) Hyalophragmiae 2 : 646, 9 : 104s, II : 377, 14 : 682, 16 : 629, 17 : 856 Spores 2-several-septate, hyaline, oblong to cylindric I. Perithecia or locules exserted from the stroma ; spores sometimes colored Montagnella 2:646 II. Perithecia immersed 1. Stroma fleshy or waxy Dangardiella 14:683 2. Stroma carbonous a. Perithecia disposed in radiate lines Telimena 16: 631 b. Perithecia not radiate Darwiniella 9: 1048 Phaeophragmiae 2:646, 9:1045, 11:377, 14:682, 16:629, 17:857 Spores 2-several-septate, colored, yellowish to brown, oblong to cylindric I. Stroma elongate or linear Rhopographus 2:647 II. Stroma subhemispheric Homostegia 2:649 so MYCOPORACEAE— COCCOIDEACEAE Hyalodictyae 8:847 Spores muriforra, hyaline, ovate to oblong I. Stroma with a round black receptacle stuffed with locules Pyrenotheca 8:847 II. Stroma disciform or hemispheric *Discostroma 11:379 Phaeodictyae 2:651, 9:1051, 11:378, 14:684, 16:632, 17:858 Spores muriforra, dark, ovate to oblong I. Stroma disciform or hemispheric Curreya 2:651 Scolecosporae 2:652, 9:1051, 14:685, 16:632, 17:859 Spores filiform, hyaline, continuous, guttate or septate I. Asci 8-spored 1. Spores narrowly filiform, 1-2 /i wide Ophiodothis 2:652 2. Spores broadly filiform, 5-8 jit wide Oxydothis 14:674 II. Asci many-spored Myriogenospora 14: 685 Family 22. MYCOPORACEAE Zahlbruckner "JJ Mycelium parasitic on Palmella or Chroolepus, forming a uniform thallus without a cortex ; perithecia reduced to locules in a stroma as in Dothideaceae, to which family the genera might well be referred. I. Spores transeptate; algae Chroolepus 1. Spores i-septate a. Spores colorless *Chlorodothis 78 b. Spores brown *Sciodothis 78 2. Spores several-septate a. Spores colorless *Nothostroma 78 b. Spores brown *Mycoporis 78 3. Spores needle-shaped Mycoporellum 78 II. Spores muriform ; algae Palmella Mycoporum 78 Family 23. COCCOIDEACEAE 17: 860 (16:624) Stromata with immersed locules, affixed to the matrix by a central stipitiform point, subcarnose when fresh, subcorneous when dry; locules without distinct proper walls. Hyalosporae 16 : 624 Spores l-celled, hyaline, ellipsoid I. Stroma superficial, disciform-pulvinate, subcarbonous Coccoidea 16: 624 II. Stroma superficial, cupulate-discoid Schweinitziella g: 1005 MICROTHYRIACEAE Si Phaeosporae 17 : 860 Spores i-celled, dark, ovoid I. Stroma subcarnose, discoid Coccodiscus 17:860 Hyalodidymae 17:860 Spores i-septate, hyaline, fusoid I. Stroma subcarnose or corneous, disciform-pulvinate Yoshinagaia 17:860 Family 24. MICROTHYRIACEAE 2:658, 9:1053, 11:379, 14:686, 16:633, 17:861 Perithecia separate, or rarely in a stroma, dimidiate, applanate, context usually beautifully radiate, subsuperficial, black, membranous or carbonous, perforate or astomous; asci 4-8-spored, usually short. Subfamily Microthyriae Perithecia typically not seated on a subicle Hyalosporae 2:659, 9:1053, 11:379, 14:686, 16:633, 17:861 • Spores i-celled, hyaline, ovoid to oblong or fusiform I. Spores oblong, curved Piptostoma 9: 1054 II. Spores elliptic to fusiform, straight 1. Spores elliptic, short Myiocoprum 2:659 2. Spores fusiform, long, sometimes i-septate Pemphidium 2 : 670 Phaeosporae 2:662, 9:1054, 16:634, 17:861 Spores I-celled, dark, globose to oblong I. Spores globose ; perithecia on a hyaline subicle Blasdalea 16:634 II. Spores oblong ; subicle lacking Vizella 2 : 662 Hyalodidymae 2 ■ 662, 9 : 1055, II : 379, 14 : 687, 16 : 635, 17 : 862 Spores I-septate, hyaline, oblong to fusoid I. Asci with paraphyses 1. Perithecia with several ostioles Polystomella g: 1063 2. Perithecia astomous Clypeolum 2 : 667 II. Asci without paraphyses I. Perithecia smooth a. Perithecia more or less mytiliform and confluent Brefeldiella g: 1063 52 MICROTHYRIACEAE b. Perithecia not mytiliform or confluent Microthyrium 2 : 662 2. Perithecia setulose Chaetothyrium 9: 1061 Phaeodidymae 2:668, 9:1064, 11:381, 14:689, 16:639, 17:865 Spores i-septate, dark, oblong to fusoid I. Perithecia superficial, carbonous, perforate Seynesia 2 : 668 Hyalophragmiae 2:668, 9:1068, 11:381, 14:690, 16:642, 17:868 Spores 2-several-septate, hyaline, fusoid to cylindric I. Perithecia separate 1. Perithecia on a fibrous mycelium Trichopeltis 9: 1068 2. Perithecia without a mycelium a. Perithecia smooth Micropeltis 2: 669 b. Perithecia margined with rigid appendages Actiniopsis 17:871 II. Perithecia in a dimidiate many-perforate stroma Gilletiella 14: 6gi Phaeophragmiae 2:668, 9:1068, 11:381, 14:690, 16:642, 17:872 Spores 2-several-septate, dark, fusoid, to cylindric I. Perithecia membranous, subfibrous ; spores conglobate Phaeoscutella 17:872 II. Perithecia carbonous or coriaceous Scutellum 2 : 668 Hyalodictyae A : 253, 9 : 1071, 14 : 692, 16 : 645 Spores muriform, hyaline, oblong to elliptic I. Perithecia membranous, ostiolate Saccardinula 9: 1071 Phaeodictyae 17:873 Spores muriform, dark, oblong to elliptic I. Perithecia superficial, phyllogenous, subradiate tPhaeopeltis 17:873 (Phaeosaccardinula) Scolecosporae 9:1072, 16:646, 17:873 Spores acicular, hyaline or colored, continuous or septate I. Spores separating into cells Scolecopeltis 9:1072 II. Spores not separating Ophiopeltis 17:873 Subfamily Asterinae 14:692, 16:646, 17:875 Perithecia typically seated upon an effuse radiate black subicle LOPHIOSTOMATACEAE , S3 Hyalosporae 14 : 692, 16 : 646 I. Spores hyaline, one-celled Asterula 1:47, 14:692 Phaeosporae 14:693 I. Spores dark, one celled Asteronia 1:47, 14:693 Hyalodidymae 14 : 693, 16 : 646, 17 : 882 I. Spores hyaline, i-septate Asterella i : 42, 14: 698 Phaeodidymae 14:693, 16:646, 17:87s I. Spores dark, i-septate Asterina i: 39, 14: 693 (incl. Trichothyrium 9: 1062) Hyalophragmiae 14 : 699, 16 : 650, 17 : 884 I. Spores hyaline, several-septate Asteridium 1:49, 14:699 Phaeophragmiae 14:699, 17:88s I. Spores dark, several-septate Asteridiella 14: 701 Family 25. LOPHIOSTOMATACEAE 2:672, 9:1074, 11:382, 14:702, 16:650, 17:886 Perithecia simple, separate, at first covered, then subsuperficial or insculptate, car- bonous, rarely submembranous, black, with a very narrowly rimose, broad and compressed ostiole ; asci paraphysate, usually 8-spored ; matrix often blackened giv- ing the appearance of a stroma. Hyalosporae (Not represented) Phaeosporae 2:673, 17:886 I. Spores i-celled, dark Lophiella 2: 673 Hyalodidymae 2:675, 9: I07S. 11:383, 14:702, 17:886 Spores I-septate, hyaline, oblong to fusoid I. Perithecia smooth Lophiosphaera 2 : 675 II. Perithecia hairy, with wool at base Lophiotricha 9: 1082 Phaeodidymae 2 : ()^^, 9 : 1074, II : 382, 14 : 702, 16 : 650, 17 : 887 I. Spores I-septate, dark Schizostoma 2:673 54 CORYNELIACEAE— HEMIHYSTERIACEAE Hyalophragmiae 2 : 678, 9 : 1076, 14 : 703, 16 : 651, 17 : 887 I. Spores hyaline, several-septate Lophiotrema 2 : 678 Phaeophragmiae 2:689, 9:1083, 11:383, 14:704. 16:651, 17:887 Spores dark, several-septate [. Spores caudate Brigantiella 17:889 II. Spores not caudate Lophiostoma 2:689 Hyalodictyae 9 : 1093 f. Spores hyaline or nearly so, rauriform Lophidiopsis 9:1093 Phaeodictyae 2:710, 9:1091, 11:384, 14:706, 16:653, 17:889 J. Spores dark, muriform Platystomum 17:889 (Lophidium 2:710) Scolecosporae 2:717, 9: 1094 i. Spores filiform, hyaline or dilutely colored Lophionema 2:717 Family 26. CORYNELIACEAE 9: 1073, II :38s, 16:650 Perithecia separate or in a stroma, coriaceous, black, lageniform, with an elon- gated ostiole, perforate at the apex and then broadly expanded and infundibuliform. Phaeosporae 9 : 1073, 16 : 650 1. Spores dark, i-celled, spherical Corynelia 9: 1073 Phaeophragmiae u : 38s i Spores dark, 3-several-septate Coryneliella 11:385 Phaeodictyae 9: 1073 1 Spores black, stellate, cells radiating Tripospora 9: 1073 Order 9. HYSTERIALES Perithecia oblong to linear, rarely round, carbonous or membranous, rarely I'oriaceous, ostiole a cleft or slit; mycelium often forming a thallus with algae. Family 27. HEMIHYSTERIACEAE 9:1094, 11:385, 14:707, 16:653, 17:892 Perithecia simple or aggregated into a stroma, dimidiate-scutate, subicle lacking, HYSTERIACEAE 55 or more or less developed, ostiole hysterium-like ; asci 8-spored, spores usually 2-celled, dark. Phaeosporae 14:707 I. Spores dark, i-celled; subicle lacking Cyclostomella 14:707 Phaeodidymae 9 : 1094, II : 385, 14 : 7o8, 16 : 653, 17 : 892 Spores dark, i-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Perithecia on a subicle; stroma lacking Morenoella 9:1094 II. Perithecia in a stroma 1. Asci with paraphyses Parmularia 14:708 (Schneepia 9: 1097) 2. Asci without paraphyses Hysterostomella 9:1098 Hyalophragmiae 17 : 892 I. Spores hyaline, 3-several-septate Parmulariella 17:892 Family 28. HYSTERIACEAE 2 : 721, 9 : 1 100, 11: 385, 14 : 710, 16 : 657, 17 : 893 Perithecia simple or very rarely in a stroma, erumpent-superficial, horizontally, rarely vertically oblong or linear, membranous, coriaceous or carbonous, rarely carnosule at first, usually black, opening along the whole surface by a somewhat narrow cleft; asci usually paraphysate, 4-8-spored, rarely many-spored. Hyalosporae 2:723, 9: iioo, 11:385, 14:710, 16:657, 17:893 Spores i-celled, hyaline, globose to fusoid I. Asci 4-spored; spores covered with mucus Hypodermella 11:385 II. Asci 8-spored 1. Perithecia single or at least not coalescing Schizothyrium 2 : 723 (Henriquesia 2:726) 2. Perithecia coalescing in stellate groups of 4-6 Delpinoella 16:658 Phaeosporae 2 : 727, 9: 1 100, 14: 710 Spores i-celled, dark, globose to ovoid I. Asci 8-spored 1. Perithecia separate ; asci paraphysate Farlowiella 2: 727, 9: noo 2. Perithecia stromatic at base; asci aparaphysate Erikssonia 14: 710 II. Asci io-i2-spored Lembosiella 9: iioi 56 HYSTERIACEAE Hyalodidymae 2:727, 9:1101, 11:386, 14:711, i6:6S9, 17:89s Spores i-septate, hyaline, ovoid to fusoid I. Perithecia membranous 1. Perithecia separate, minute Aulographum 2:727 2. Perithecia in a dimidiate stroma Cycloschizum 17:896 II. Perithecia carbonous 1. Perithecia separate a. Perithecia simple or scarcely branched (i) Asci 8-spored Glonium 2:731 (2) Asci many-spored *Pleoglonis 9: 1103 b. Perithecia radiately branched, or stellate Actidium 2 : 738 2. Perithecia connected in orbicular sori Synglonium 14: 711 III. Perithecia at first somewhat fleshy, reddish or yellow Angelinia 2 : 739 Phaeodidymae 2:740, 9:1103, 11:387, 14:711, 16:659, 17:897 Spores i-septate, dark, ovoid to oblong I. Perithecia on a fibrillose- radiate subicle Lembosia 2:741 II. Perithecia without a subicle 1. Perithecia coriaceous Tryblidium 2:740 2. Perithecia carbonous a. Perithecia linear; cleft very narrow, straight Bulliardiella 17:902 b. Perithecia scutellate; cleft subcircular Dielsiella 17:902 Hyalophragmiae 2:765,9:1112, 11:388, 14:715, 16:664, 17:903 Spores several-septate, hyaline, oblong to cylindric I. Perithecia saprogenous 1. Perithecia carbonous, cleft narrow Gloniella 2:765 2. Perithecia subcoriaceous, cleft wide Pseudographis 2: 769 II. Perithecia biogenous, gregarious in spots 1. Perithecia corticole Dichaena 2: 771 2. Perithecia foliicole a. Perithecia merely gregarious Phragmographium 17: 906 b. Perithecia radiately disposed Aldona 16: 667 Phaeophragmiae 2:743, 9:1108, 11:387, 14:715, 16:664, 17:907 Spores several-septate, dark, oblong- to cylindric I. Edges of cleft somewhat obtuse, then more or less distant I. Asci 4-8-spored a. Perithecia transversely densely and coarsely sulcate Rhytidhysterium 2 : 759 HYSTERIACEAE 57 b. Perithecia smooth (i) Perithecia covered by the epidermis Hypodermopsis 17: 908 (2) Perithecia erumpent or superficial (a) Perithecia carbonous Hysterium 2 : 743 (b) Perithecia coriaceous Tryblidiella 2 : 757 2. Asci many-spored, perithecia subcoriaceous Baggea 2:760 II. Edges of cleft very thin, closely connivent 1. Asci 4-spored ; perithecia subcarbonous, striate Ostreium 2: 765 2. Asci 8-spored; perithecia somewhat membranous, fragile Mytilidium 2 : 760 Hyalodictyae 2:772, 9:1116, 11:389, 14:717, 16:668, 17:909 Spores muriform, hyaline, ovoid to oblong I. Perithecia separate 1. Perithecia carbonous, erumpent; spores without mucus Gloniopsis 2: 772 2. Perithecia membranous, innate ; spores with mucus sheath Hysteropsis g:iii8 II. Perithecia in a lenticular, radiate stroma Mendogia 16:669 Phaeodictyae 2:776,9:1119, 11:389, 14:717, 16:668, 17:912 Spores muriform, dark, ovoid to oblong I. Perithecia carbonous or corneo-carbonous, firm Hysterographium 2:776 II. Perithecia membranous, thin Graphyllium 16: 1145, 17:913 Scolecosporae 2:784,9:1123, 11:389, 14:719, 16:669, 17:913 Spores bacillar to filiform, hyaline or dark I. Spores 2-5 times shorter than the asci ; perithecia membranous Hypoderma 2: 784 II. Spores filiform, nearly as long as the asci 1. Perithecia horizontally elongate, rarely ampulliform a. Perithecia elongate (i) Perithecia membranous, applanate Lophodermium 2:791 (2) Perithecia subcarbonous, conchiform Lophium 2 : 799 (3) Perithecia subcoriaceous, depressed (a) Perithecia subcorneous Sporomega 2:801 (b) Perithecia subcarnose Colpoma 2:803 b. Perithecia subspheroid or ampulliform (i) Perithecia depressed spheroid, cleft longitudinal Ostropa 2 : 804 S8 GRAPHIDACEAE (2) Perithecia horizontally ampullifortn, ostiole roundish Robergea 2 : 806 2. Perithecia vertically elongate, cylindric ; cleft obsolete a. Spores breaking apart into cells Microstelium 16: 672 b. Spores not breaking apart Acrospermum 2:807 (Schizacrospermum 16:672) Family 29. GRAPHIDACEAE Zahlbruckner 87 Mycelium parasitic on yellow green algae, forming a crustose, foliose or fruticose thallus, the latter often immersed, or thallus lacking, and parasitic on lichens or on bark; perithecia single or cespitose or united in a stroma, typically oblong to elongate with a cleft-like opening, more rarely disk-shaped and with an irregular often stellate opening, more or less carbonous. I. Perithecia separate 1. Thallus lacking, parasitic on lichens or on bark Subfamily Arthoniae 89, R. 414 a. Parasitic on lichens 1. Spores i-celled Phacopsis R. 419 2. Spores 2-celled Conida R. 420 3. Spores 4-6-celled Celidium R. 425 b. On bark 1. Spores 2-celled Lecideopsis R. 432 2. Spores 2-several-septate Arthonia R. 435 3. Spores muriform Arthothelium R. 438 2. Thallus present, crustose, or uniform a. Perithecia without an exciple, i. e., not margined Subfamily Arthoniae 89 (i) Algae Palmella or Protococcus ; spores colorless (a) Spores i-septate AUarthonia 91 (b) Spores several-septate *Plearthonis 91 (c) Spores muriform AUarthothelium 241 (2) Algae Chroolepus (a) Spores transeptate X. Spores colorless (x) Spores i-septate *Diarthonis 91 (y) Spores 2-several-septate Arthonia 89 y. Spores brown Gymnographa 94 (b) Spores muriform Arthothelium 91 (3) Algae Phyllactidium (a) Spores i-septate *Merarthonis gi (b) Spores 2-several-septate Arthoniopsis 91 b. Perithecia margined with a distinct proper exciple Subfamily Graphidae 92 (i) Thallus without cortex (a) Algae Palmella X. Perithecia with a single hymenium (x) Spores colorless m. Spores i-celled GRAPHIDACEAE 59 (m) Hypothecium clear or brownish t Xylographa 93 (n) Hypothecium black, carbonous Lithographa 93 n. Spores tran septate Aulaxina 94 (y) Spores dark m. Spores transeptate Encephalographa 94 n. Spores finally muriform Xyloschistes 94 y. Perithecia with 2-4 parallel hymenia (x) Spores i-celled Ptychographa 94 (y) Spores transeptate Diplogramma 94 (b) Algae Chroolepus X. Asci many-spored ; spores filiform Spirographa 96 y. Agci i-8-spored (x) Spores clear m. Spores transeptate (m) Paraphyses simple and not united r. Ends of paraphyses little thickened, smooth (r) Spores i-septate *Digraphis 98 (s) Spores 2-several-septate Graphis 96 s. Ends clavate and warted or spiny *Psorographis 102 (n) Paraphyses branched and united Opegrapha 94 n. Spores muriform (m) Paraphyses simple and not united r. Ends of paraphyses not thickened, smooth Graphina 99 s. Ends of paraphyses clavate, warted or spiny fAcanthothecis loi (not Acanthothecium Speg.) (n) Paraphyses branched and united Helminthocarpum 102 (incl. Dictyographa 96) (y) Spores dark m. Spores i-septate Melaspilea 96 n. Spores 2-several-septate Phaeographis gg o. Spores muriform Phaeographina 100 (c) Algae Phyllactidium : spores transeptate X. Spores clear; paraphyses branched and united Opegraphella 102 y. Spores dark; paraphyses simple and free Micrcgrapha 102 (2) Thallus with a cortex: algae Chroolepus Subfamily Dirinae 105 (a) Spores elliptic to fusoid, 4-8-celled, clear Dirina 106 60 GRAPHIDACEAE (b) Spores similar but brown Dirinastrum io6 3. Thallus present, fruticose, erect Subfamily Roccellae 106 a. Hyphae of cortex parallel with thallus surface (i) Perithecia elongate, furrowed; spores clear, 8-9-cellecl Ingaderia 107 (2) Perithecia round (a) Hypothecium black; spores clear X. Exciple with algae Dendrographa 107 y. Exciple without algae Roccellaria 107 (b) Hypothecium clear; spores brown, spiny Darbishirella 108 b. Hyphae perpendicular to surface (i) Perithecia elongate, furrowed (a) Perithecia immersed; hypothecium clear Roccellographa 108 (b) Perithecia superficial; hypothecium black Reinkella 108 (2) Perithecia round (a) Spores clear; perithecia entire x, Hypothecium black (x) Thallus mostly crustose, slightly fruticose Roccellina 108 (y) Thallus distinctly fruticose Roccella 109 y. Hypothecium clear (x) Algae present below the hypothecium Pentagenella 110 (y) No algae below the hypothecium Combea 109 (b) Spores brown or brownish ; perithecia deeply lobed X. Medulla clear throughout Schizopelte no y. Inner medullary layer black Simonyella no II. Perithecia in a stroma, mostly immersed Subfamily Chiodectae 102 I. Algae Chroolepus a. Paraphyses simple and free (i) Spores transeptate (a) Spores clear Glyphis 103 (b) Spores brown Sarcographa 103 (2) Spores muriform (a) Spores clear Enterodictyum 104 (b) Spores brown Sarcographina 103 b. Paraphyses branched and reticulately united (i) Spores transeptate (a) Spores colorless Chiodectum 104 (b) Spores brown or dark X. Perithecia margined Sclerophytum 105 y. Perithecia marginless Synarthonia 91 (2) Spores muriform (a) Spores clear Minksia 241 PHACIDIACEAE 6i (b) Spores brown Enterostigma 105 2. Algae Phyllactidium a. Spores 2-celIed ; paraphyses simple and free Pycnographa 105 b. Spores many-celled; paraphyses branched and united Mazosia 105 Order 10. PEZIZALES Mycelium various, but typically inconspicuous or invisible ; propagaton by co- nidia, but usually not in evidence; reproductive body or apothecium at first closed and more or less globose, rarely elongate, then opening more or less completely into a cup, saucer or disk, wfaxy or fleshy, more rarely carbonous, leathery or gelatinous ; asci typically 8-spored and paraphysate ; spores various. Family 30. PHACIDIACEAE Rehm 60 Apothecia sunken, more or less erumpent, disk-like or elongate, single or grouped, leathery or carbonous, black, firm, opening by lobes or by a rift ; hypothecium poorlv developed as a rule. Hyalosporae 8:705, 11:431. 10:48, 14:813, 16:783, 18:155 Spores hyaline, i-celled, globose to oblong I. Apothecia concrete above with the epiderm 1. Apothecia and epiderm splitting radiately Phacidium 8 : 709 2. Apothecia and epiderm splitting circumscissilely Stegia 8: 733 3. Apothecia and epiderm splitting irregularly Cryptomyces 8: 707 II. Apothecia and epiderm little or not at all concrete Pseudophacidium R. 94 Phaeosporae 14: 814 Spores dark, i-celled, oblong I. Apothecia superficial, membranous, laciniate Phaeophacidium 14:814 Hyalodidymae Spores hyaline, i-septate, elliptic to oblong I. Apothecia scutellate or oblong, laciniate Schizothyrium R. 75 (incl. Rhagadolobium 14:816) Phaeodidymae Spores dark, i-septate, elliptic to oblong I. Apothecia in black foliicole spots Cocconia 8:738 62 STICTIDACEAE II. Apothecia stellately erumpent through epiderm Metadothella i8: 162 III. Apothecia and epiderm concrete, laciniate Keithia 10:49 Phragmosporae 8:740 Spores typically hyaline, 2-several-septate, ovoid to oblong I. Apothecia and epiderm concrete, laciniate Sphaeropezia 8:740, R. 72 II. Apothecia and epiderm not concrete, splitting irregularly Pseudographis R. 90 Dictyosporae 8 : 764, 16 : 790 Spores muriform, typically hyaline, ovoid to oblong I. Apothecia round to oblong, splitting irregularly ; aparaphysate Dothiora 8:764, R. 108 Scolecosporae 8:744, 10:51, 11:432, 14:817, 16:789, 18:163 Spores bacillar to filiform, typically hyaline, continuous or septate I. Apothecia and epiderm concrete 1. Apothecia in black foliicole stroma-like spots Rhytisma 8 : 752, R. 82 (incl. Duplicaria 8: 764) 2. Apothecia not in stroma-like spots a. Apothecia and epiderm laciniate Coccomyces 8:744, R. 76 b. Apothecia and epiderm operculately circumscissile Moutoniella 18: 163 II. Apothecia and epiderm not concrete 1. Apothecia round, laciniate Coccophacidium R. 97 2. Apothecia oblong to elongate, hysterioid Clithris 18: 165, R. loi Family 31. STICTIDACEAE Rehm 112 Apothecia sunken, finally more or less erumpent, round or elongate, single or grouped, typically waxy, rarely membranous or leathery, white or bright-colored, at least never black, splitting the epiderm laciniately or irregularly, hypothecium little developed. Subfamily Kustictidae Rehm 113 Apothecia waxy, not deeply sunken, finally opening widely, and exposing the hymenium. STICTIDACEAE 63 Hyalosporae 8 : 648, 10 : 44, 11: 428, 14 : 806, 16 : Tjd, 18 : 146 Spores hyaline, i-celled, globose to oblong I. Spores globose 1. Asci 8-spored Lindauella 16: 777 2. Asci many-spored Flaminia 16:777 II. Spores elliptic to oblong 1. Paraphyses long-pointed, much longer than the asci Stegia 8:733, R-IS5 2. Paraphyses blunt, swollen or branched a. Paraphyses thread-shaped or forked (1) Apothecia round (a) Apothecia blackish ; ascus pore blue with iodin Trochila 8:728, R. 127 (b) Apothecia bright-colored X. Ascus pore blue with iodin (x) Paraphyses forked, enlarged and colored above Ocellaria 8:654, R. 133 (y) Paraphyses little if at all enlarged or colored *Habrostictis R. 137 y. Ascus pore not blue with iodin Naevia 8:658, R. 145 (2) Apothecia oblong or elongate (a) Hymenium blue with iodin Xylographa 8:664, R- ^53 (b) Hymenium not blue with iodin Briardia 16:776, R. 151 b. Paraphyses irregularly branched (i) Asci 8-spored Propolis 8:648, R. 141 (2) Asci many-spored Propolina 8: 654 Phaeosporae Spores l-celled, dark, oblong Stictophacidium R. 1215 Didymosporae 8:666, 10:45, 11:428, 14: 808,, 16: 778, 18:147 Spores i-septate, typically hyaline or bright-colored, oblong I. Paraphyses lacking Coccopeziza 10:45 II. Paraphyses present 1. Spores blue or green Ploettnera 16:778 2. Spores hyaline a. Spores with 1-2 cilia at each end ; hysterioid Iridionia i6: 788 b. Spores muticate (i) Paraphyses filiform or forked (a) Apothecia round X. Asci not blue with iodin *Naeviella R. 164 y. Asci blue with iodin (x) Ascus pore alone blue with iodin Diplonaevia 8: 666, R. 161 (y) Whole hymenium blue with iodin ♦Diplocryptis R. 158 64 STICTIDACEAE (b) Apothecia rounded, with flexuose clefts Lauterbachiella 16:788 (2) Paraphyses irregularly branched (a) Apothecia round ; not blue with iodin Propolidium 8 : 667 (b) Apothecia elongate; ascus pore blue with iodin *Xyloglyphis R. 170 Phragmosporae 8:669, 10:46, 11:429, 14:808, 16:778, 18:148 Spores 2-several-septate, hyaline, rarely darkish, oblong to elongate I. Spores somewhat fuscous Eupropolis 8: 676 (incl. Janseella 16: 780) II. Spores hyaline 1. Paraphyses filiform or forked a. Asci not blue with iodin *Merostictis R. 164 b. Asci blue with iodin (i) Ascus pore alone blue with iodin Phragmonaevia 8:674, R. 160 (2) Whole hymenium blue with iodin Cryptodiscus 8:669, R- 158 2. Paraphyses branched ; apothecia elongate Xylogramma 8:677, R- i6g Dictyosporae 8:704, 11:431, 14:812, 16:782, 18:151 Spores muriform, typically hyaline, ovoid to oblong I. Asci i-spored Pleostictis 8:703 II. Asci 8-spored 1. Apothecia oblong, hysterioid Melittiosporium 8:704, R. 172 2. Apothecia round a. Apothecia urceolate Platysticta 8: 703 b. Apothecia disk-like Delpontia 18: 151 Scolecosporae 8:681, 10:46, 11:429, 14:810, 16:781, 18:152 Spores bacillar or filiform, typically hyaline I. Asci 8-spored 1. Apothecia pilose Lasiostictis 8: 696 2. Apothecia not pilose a. Spore cells separating Schizoxylum 8: 697, R. i8i b. Spore cells not separating (i) Paraphyses filiform or nearly so; asci cylindric Stictis 8: 681, R. 175 (incl. Kar&tenia 8: 702, Cerion 18: 154) (2) Paraphyses much branched ; asci clavate Naemacyclus 8:701, R. 173 II. Asci many-spored Carestiella 14:810 TRYBLIDIACEAE— DERMATEACEAE 65 Subfamily Ostropae Rehm i8s Apothecia membranous or leathery, deeply sunken, the scarcely opened tip alone erumpent. I. Spores i-celled, elliptic ; asci clavate Laquearia R. 187 II. Spores many-celled, filiform ; asci cylindric 1. Apothecia cask-shaped, partly erumpent Ostropa R. 188 2. Apothecia with only the thick ostiole erumpent Robergea R. 189 Family 32. TRYBLIDIACEAE Rehm 191 Apothecia sunken, then erumpent, often lobed, brown or black, membranous or horny ; hypothecium well-developed, thick. I. Apothecia scattered 1. Spores i-septate a. Spores with a mucose covering *Tryblidis R. 194 b. Spores without a mucose covering Heterosphaeria R. 198 2. Spores 2-several-septate a. Spores with a mucose covering Tryblidiopsis R. 193 b. Spores without a mucose covering Odontotrema R. 204 3. Spores muriform Tryblidium R. 196 4. Spores filiform *Odontura R. 207 II. Apothecia cespitose or stromate; spores bacillar or filiform Scleroderris R. 208 Family 33. DERMATEACEAE Rehm 241 Apothecia sunken, then erumpent, cup-shaped to oblong, single or grouped, waxy, leathery or horny, mostly brownish or black ; hypothecium more or less developed. Hyalosporae 8:547, 10:36, 11:422, 14:794, 16:762, 18:121 Spores hyaline, i-celled, globose to oblong I. Apothecia large, usually stalked or radicate at base 1. Apothecia ear-shaped, more or less vertical, leathery a. Spores ovoid to oblong Midotis 8:547 b. Spores globose Midotiopsis 18: 121 2. Apothecia urceolate or turbinate a. Apothecia stalked; exciple and hypothecium prosenchymatic Urnula 8 : 548 b. Apothecia stalked ; exciple and hypothecium parenchymatic Choriactis 18: 121 c. Apothecia sessile, hairy; exciple parenchymatic, hypothecium prosenchymatic Scytopezis 18: 122 II, Apothecia small, sessile or nearly so 66 DERMATEACEAE— BULGARIACEAE 1. Asci 8-spored a. Apothecia more or less corky Dermatea 8:550, K. 246 b. Apothecia coriaceous to subcorneous Cenangium 8: 556, R. 219 (incl. Ameghiniella 8:584, Ephe- lina 8:585) 2. Asci many-spored, or 8-spored and many-spored Tympanis 8 : 578, R. 264 Phaeosporae 16: 764, 18: 127 Spores dark, i-celled, oblong I. Apothecia coriaceous, erumpent Phaeangium 16:764 Hyalodidymae 8 : 587, 10:37, 11: 424, 14 : 798, 18 : 127 Spores hyaline, i-septate, elliptic to oblong I. Apothecia patellate, coriaceous to corneous Cenangella 8: 587 II. Apothecia elongate, cleft, subcorneous Angelinia 18: 129 Phaeodidymae 18: 128 Spores dark, i-septate, elliptic to oblong I. Apothecia patellate, coriaceous Phaeangella 18:128 Hyalophragmiae 8 : 594. 16 : 765, 18 : 129 Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Apothecia waxy-membranous, pilose, urceolate Crumenula 8 : 600, R. 235 Phaeophragmiae 2:757, R-233 Spores dark, 2-severaI-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Apothecia hysterioid, cleft, coriaceous Tryblidiella R. 233 Scolecosporae 8:601, 10:37, 11:425, 18:130 Spores filiform, hyaline or subhyaline I. Apothecia urceolate to cup-shaped, subcoriaceous Godronia 8: 601, R. 237 II. Apothecia clavate, stipe corneous, disk submucose Crinula 8: 606 Family 34. BULGARIACEAE Rehm 444 Apothecia mostly superficial, cup-shaped to disk-shaped, usually smooth, gelati- nous-fleshy or gelatinous-waxy, horn-like when dry; hypothecium gelatinous, more or less developed. BULGARIACEAE 67 Hyalosporae 4:609, 10:38, 11:425, 14:801, 16:766, 18:131 Spores hyaline, i-celled, globose to oblong I. Spores globose Pulparia 8: 612 II. Spores elliptic to bacillar 1. Apothecia in a lens-shaped gelatinous stroma Physmatomyces 16:770 2. Apothecia not in a stroma a. Exciple lacking (i) Asci 8-spored (a) Apothecia microscopic, margined by changed paraphyses Gloeopeziza 10:41 (b) Apothecia larger; paraphyses not modified Agyrium 8:634, R. 450 (2) Asci i6-spored *Agyrina 8:636 b. Exciple present (i) Lichenicole Ahlesia 8:633 (2) Xot lichenicole (a) Apothecia stipitate Ombrophila 8:613, R. 475 (incl. Stamnaria 8:620, R. 465) (b) Apothecia sessile X. Asci 8-spored (x) Apothecia smooth outside m. Apothecia with an even disk Orbilia 8:621, R. 453 (incl. Bulgariopsis 18: 135) n. Apothecia with a much folded disk Haematomyces 8:633 (y) Apothecia veined or roughened outside m. Apothecia 1-2 cm. wide Gloeocalyx 18:132 11. Apothecia 2-9 cm. wide Sarcosoma 10:42, R. 497 y. Asci many-spored *Myridium 8 : 63 1 Phaeosporae 8:636, 10:41, 14:804, 16:770, 18:140 Spores dark, i-celled, elliptic to fusoid I. Apothecia turbinate, substipitate, closed at first, large Bulgaria 8:636, R. 494 II. Apothecia disciform, sessile, open at first, smaller Bulgariella 8: 638 Hyalodidymae 8:639, 10:42, 11:427, 14:805, 16:771, 18:142 Spores hyaline or subhyaline, i-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Parasitic, urn-shaped ; paraphyses forming an epithecium Paryphedria 10:43, R- 484 II. Saprophytic, disciform; epithecium lacking Calloria 8 : 639, R. 462 68 BULGARIACEAE— PATELLARIACEAE Phaeodidymae 10:42, 16:771, 18:142 Spores brown, i-septate, elliptic to fusoid 1. Apothecia subturbinate, sessile Sorokinia 10:42 Phragmosporae 8:641, 10:43, 11:427, 16:773. 18:143 Spores typically hyaline, 2-several-septate, fusoid I. Apothecia turbinate to disciform Coryne 8:641, R. 485 Hyalodictyae 18 : 14s Spores hyaline, muriform, ovoid I. Apothecia cupulate to plane Dictyonia 18:144 Phaeodictyae 8 : 646, 10 : 44, 18 : 144 Spores dark, muriform, ovoid to oblong T Hymenium sinuate-gyrose, not margined Haematomyxa 8:646 II. Hymenium smooth, acute-margined Sarcomyces 10:44 Scolecosporae 8 : 646, 14 : 80s, 16 : 775, 18 : 14S Spores filiform, typically hyaline I. Apothecia without an exciple Agyriopsis 14:805 II. Exciple present 1. Apothecia dai-k or black; spores medium Holwaya 8: 646 2. Apothecia gray or bright-colored ; spores very long Ophiogloea 18:145 Family 35. PATELLARIACEAE Rehm 277 Apothecia mostly superficial, cupulate to disk-shaped, more rarely boat-shaped or oblong, usually dark or black, carbonous, leathery, corneous or waxy ; hypothecium typically well-developed. Hyalosporae 8:769, 10:52, 11:433, 14:818, 16:791, 18:165 Spores hyaline, i- celled, globose to oblong I. Asci many-spored 1. Spores globose Biatorella 8:469, R. 303 2. Spores allantoid Biatorellina 18: 172 II. Asci 8-spored 1. Apothecia oblong to elongate, cleft Placographa R. 313 2. Apothecia round a. Parasitic on lichen thalli (i) Exciple present Rhymbocarpus 14: 8ig PATELLARIACEAE 69 (2) Exciple lacking Nesolechia 10:53, R-3I5 b. Saprophytic (i) Paraphyses branched, forming an epithecium (a) Asci club-shaped X. Subicle absent Patinella 8:769, R. 310 y. Subicle present, radiate Actinoscypha 8: 774 (b) Asci cylindric Starbaeckia 10:53 (2) Paraphyses simple; epithecium none Psilothecium 18: 168 Phaeosporae 10:5s Spores dark, i-celled, globose to elliptic 1. Apothecia patellate, margined, black Lagerheimia 10:55 Hyalodidymae 8:779, 10:56, 11:434, 14:820, 16:792, 18:173 Spores hyaline, i-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Parasitic on lichen thalli Scutula R. 321 II. Not lichenicole 1. Apothecia smooth, saprophytic Patellea 8:783, R. 283 2. Apothecia setose, parasitic on leaves Johansonia 8:785 Phaeodidymae 8:779, 10:56, 11:434, 14:820, 16:792, 18:173 Spores dark, i-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Asci 8-spored 1. Apothecia on a foliicole radiate subicle Woodiella 16: 794 2. Apothecia not on a subicle a. Apothecia round (i) Apothecia superficial (a) Saprophytic Karschia 8: 779, R. 345 (b) Parasitic on lichens *Epilichen 18:177, R- 35° (2) Apothecia sunken, then erumpent (a) Parasitic on lichens Abrothallus 8:739, R. 358 (b) Saprophytic Caldesia R. 289 b. Apothecia elliptic to linear (i) Apothecia irregularly elliptic or oblong Melaspilea 10:58, R. 362 (2) Apothecia boat-shaped to linear Hysteropatella R. 367 II. Asci i6-spored Ravenelula 8:782 III. Asci many-spored *Pleospilis 18: 179 Hyalophragmiae 8:786, 10:59, 11:434, 14:821, 16:79s, 18:179 Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, elliptic to fusoid I Parasitic on lichens Mycobilimbia 10:60, R. 327 II. Saprophytic 70 PATELLARIACEAE— CALICIACEAE 1. Apothecia twisted when dry Durella 8:790, R. 286 2. Apothecia not contorted Patellaria R. 329 (incl. Lecanidion 8: 795) Phaeophragmiae 8:786, 10: 59, 11:434. 14:821, 16:795, 18:179 Spores dark, 2-several-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Asci 8-spored 1. Margin of cup involute, densely costate-rugose Rhytidopcziza 10: 65 2. Margin not costate-rugose a. Apothecia erumpent Pseudotryblidium 10:65, R- 37° b. Apothecia superficial (1) Parasitic typically on lichens (a) Apothecia round Leciographa 10: 61, R. 372 (b) Apothecia elliptic to elongate *Lecoglyphis R. 380 (2) Saprophytic *Mycolecis, R. 372, 10: 61 II. Asci many-spored Dictyosporae 8 : 802, 1 1 : 435, 14 : 823, 18 : 185 Spores hyaline or subhyaline, muriform, ovoid to oblong I. Apothecia laciniate, depressed-spheroid Blitrydium 8:802 II. Apothecia not laciniate, patellate Tryblidaria 18: 186 Scolecosporae 8:807, 10:65, 11:435. 14:823, 16:798 Spores hyaline or subhyaline, bacillar to filiform I. Spores separating at the joints Bactrospora 10:67, R- 344 II. Spores not separating 1. Apothecia sessile a. Parasitic . Mycobacidia 10: 66, R. 337 b. Saprophytic Pragmopara R. 339 (incl. Scutularia 8:807) 2. Apothecia stalked, turbinate a. Parasitic *Parathalle R. 343 b. Saprophytic Lahmia 10: 65, R. 341 Family 36. CALICIACEAE Rehm 388, Zahlbruckner 80 Mycelium inconspicuous and saprophytic, or parasitic on algae, forming a powdery, crustose, foliose or fruticose thallus ; apothecia sessile or stalked, cup- to top-shaped, opening more or less completely, asci disappearing very early and the disk then covered with a persistent mass of spores and paraphyses, i. e., mazaedium; exciple prosenchymatic, horny, proper or thalline. I. Mycelium saprophytic, at least not forming a thallus I. Spores i-celled, globose or globoid CALICIACEAE 71 Spores clear or merely yellowish (1) Algae present but not forming a thallus FarrioUa 83 (2) Algae lacking (a) Asci long. and slender stalked. ovoid above Caliciopsis R. 388 Roesleria 8: 826, R. 396 (b) Asci cylindric b. Spores dark (1) Apothecia black, nearly sessile (2) Apothecia bright-colored, with a slender stalk *Eucyphelis R. 392 Sphinctrina 83, R. 389 (Cyphelium Rehm) Acolium R. 398 Mycocalicium R. 401 Stenocybe 82 R. 413 2. Spores typically 2-several-celled a. Spores 2-celled (1) Apothecia sessile (2) Apothecia with a slender stalk b. Spores 3-several-celled II. Mycelium forming a thallus with algae I. Thallus crustose a. Spores i-celled, globose or globoid (i) Asci 8-spored (a) Spores dark; disk more or less flat X. Apothecia stalked Chaenotheca 81 Apothecia sessile *Holocyphis 84 Spores clear or yellowish ; disk globose Coniocybe 82 Asci many-spored Tylophorella 85 (b) (2) Spores 2-several-celled, transeptate or muriform (i) Spores transeptate (a) Spores 2-celled, dark or brown X. Apothecia stalked (x) Apothecia long-stalked (y) Apothecia with short thick y. Apothecia sessile Calicium 81 stalk Pyrgidium 83 (x) Algae Pleurococcus Cyphelium 83 (y) Algae Chroolepus m. Proper exciple alone present n. Thalline exciple also present *Dipyrgis 84 *Ditylis 84 (b) Spores 3-many-celled X. Proper exciple alone present Pyrgillus 84 y. Thalline exciple also present Tylophorum 84 (2) Spores muriform Pseudacolium 84 Thallus foliose a. Thallus of horizontal scales with marginal apothecia Calycidium 85 72 CHRYSOTRICHACEAE— COLLEMATACEAE b. Horizontal scales sterile; apothecia on cylindric podetia Tholurna 85 3. Thallus fruticose a. Thallus hollow; apothecia on the under side Pleurocybe 85 b. Thallus with solid medulla; apothecia terminal (i) Apothecia without thalline covering, goblet-like Acroscyphus 86 (2) Apothecia enclosed in a globose thalline exciple, which finally opens irregularly at the top Sphaerophorus 86 Family 37. CHRYSOTRICHACEAE Zahlbruckner 117, 127 Apothecia disk-form, margined, asci persistent ; mazaedium lacking, thallus uniform, cobwebby, cottony or spongy, loose, without layers, algae Palmella, Pleuro- coccus, Chroolepus or Cladophora. I. Thallus with Palmella or Pleurococcus 1. Spores i-celled Crocynia 242 2. Spores 2-4-celled Chrysothrix 117 II. Thallus with Chroolepus ; spores clear 1. Spores i-celled *Holocoenis 128 2. Spores 2-celled Coenogonium 127 III. Thallus with Cladophora ; apothecia lacking Racodium 128 Family 38. COLLEMATACEAE Zahlbruckner 154, 158, 167, 168 Apothecia disk-form or pitcher-form, with persistent asci ; thallus more or less gelatinous when moist, mostly without layers, always with blue-green algae, scaly, foliose or fruticose, rarely crustose. I. Algae Gloeocapsa, Chroococcus or Xanthocapsa ; spores typically i-celled, colorless Subfamily Pyrenopsidae 158 1. Algae Gloeocapsa a. Thallus crustose, scaly or dwarf fruticose (i) Spores I-celled (a) Asci 8-spored Pyrenopsis 159 (b) Asci 32-spored *Pleopyrenis 160 (2) Spores 2-celled Cryptothele 159 b. Thallus foliose, of a single leaf; spores clear, i-celled Phylliscidium 160 c. Thallus fruticose, with rhizoids ; spores clear, i-celled Synalissa 160 2. Algae Chroococcus a. Thallus crustose ; apothecia more or less open Pyrenopsidium 160 b. Thallus foliose, of one leaf, umbilicate ; apothecia closed Phylliscum i6i COLLEMATACEAE 1Z 3. Algae Xanthocapsa a. Thallus crustose (i) Spores i-celled (a) Hymenium covered with a mass of algae and hyphae Gonohymenia 161 (b) Hymenium without epithecial mass X. Thallus pseudoparenchyraatic at margin Forssellia 161 y. Thallus nowhere pseudoparenchyraatic Psorotichia 161 (2) Spores 2-celled ; apothecia closed CoUemopsidium 161 b. Thallus of one leaf, umbilicate, often lobed (i) Thallus pseudoparenchyraatic Anema 162 (2) Thallus not pseudoparenchyraatic (a) Spores i-celled X. Hyphae loose, net-like at margin Thyrea 162 y. Hyphae perpendicular to the margin Jenmania 162 (b) Spores 2-celled Paulia 163 c. Thallus fruticose, branched, upright (i) Thallus without layers (a) Asci 8-spored Peccania 163 (b) Asci i2-many-spored *Pleoconis 164 (2) Thallus layered, with a cortex Phloeopeccania 164 n. Thallus with Nostoc ; spores clear Subfamily Collematae 168 1. Apothecia with proper exciple only, biatorin a. Spores i-celled (i) Spores globose to fusoid, straight (a) Thallus crustose, scarcely gelatinous Leprocollema 170 (b) Thallus scaly or dwarf fruticose, gelatinous Leciophysma 170 (2) Spores needle-shaped, twisted Koerberia 173 b. Spores transeptate, 2-many-celled (i) Spores 2-celled; thallus without cortex Homothecium 171 (2) Spores 4-8-celled ; thallus with cortex Arctomia 173 2. Apothecia with thalline exciple , lecanorin a. Spores i-celled (i) Thallus scaly or dwarf fruticose; spores thin-walled (.a) Thallus without cortex Physma 170 (b) Thallus with pseudoparenchyraatic cortex Lemmopsis 171 (2) Thallus large-leaved ; spores thick-walled or mucose Dichodium 171 b. Spores transeptate to muriforra (I) Thallus without cortex 74 COLLEMATACEAE (a) Spores 2-celled *Dicollema 172 (b) Spores transeptate, many-celled Collema 171 (c) Spores muriform Blennothallia 172 (2) Thallus with a pseudoparenchymatic cortex on one or both sides or pseudoparenchymatic throughout (a) Spores transeptate, 3-many-celIed Leptogiopsis 175 (b) Spores muriform Leptogium 174 III. Thallus with Scytonema or Stigonema; spores colorless Subfamily Ephebae 154 1. Thallus crustose to scaly a. Thallus uniform, not corticate (i) Spores i-celled Pterygiopsis 157 (2) Spores 4-celled Petractis 124 b. Thallus corticate above Porocyphus 157 2. Thallus dwarf fruticose, much branched, dark a. Apothecia sunken in swellings of the thallus (i) Spores l-celled; paraphyses present Ephebeia 155 (2) Spores 2-3-celled Ephebe 155 b. Apothecia superficial (i) Thallus without pseudoparenchymatic cortex or central medulla (a) Paraphyses capitate, septate Spilonema 154 (b) Paraphyses filiform, not septate Thermutis 154 (2) Thallus with large-celled pseudoparenchymatic cortex and central medulla (a) Cortex of one row of cells ; spores 2-celled Leptodendriscum 155 (b) Cortex of several rows X. Spores l-celled Leptogidium 156 y. Spores 2-celled Polychidium 156 fV. Algae Rivularia ; spores clear Subfamily Lichinae 164 1. Apothecia disk-form ; thallus scaly to granular a. Apothecia with proper exciple ; algae horizontal Pterygium 165 b. Apothecia with thalline exciple ; algae erect Steinera 166 2. Apothecia almost perithecioid ; thallus dwarf fruticose a. Algae in the middle of the thallus and parallel with the long axis of the branches Lichinodium 166 b. Algae absent from the middle but marginal beneath the cortex (i) Algae parallel with the long axis of the branches Lichina 167 (2) Algae perpendicular to the long axis (a) Paraphyses present Lichinella 166 (b) Paraphyses absent Homopsella 167 PELTOPHORACEAE 75 Family 39. PELTOPHORACEAE ZaHLBRUCKNER 122, 176, IQO Thallus firm, not at all gelatinous, crustose or foliose, more or less lobed and somewhat erect at the margin but never truly fruticose, typically attached to the substratum by rhizoids or by a navel, with a pseudoparenchymatic cortex on one or both sides or pseudoparenchymatic throughout ; apothecia typically sunken in the thallus or grown together with it on the whole under side, more or less margined by the thallus, but a proper exciple lacking. I. Thallus uniform to crustose; algae Protococcus, rarely Pleurococcus Subfamily Ectolechiae 122 1. Spores transeptate, usually 2-3-celled a. Paraphyses not branched (i) Paraphyses free; no algae below the hypothecium Asterothyrium 123 (2) Paraphyses united; algae below the hypothecium Lecaniella 124 b. Paraphyses branched and united (i) Spores 2-celled Actinoplaca 124 (2) Spores many-celled Tapellaria 243 2. Spores muriform a. Asci i-spored ; hypothecium without algae (i) Paraphyses unbranched, free Lopadiopsis 123 (2) Paraphyses branched, united (a) Epithecium without algae Sporopodium 123 (b) Epithecium with algae *Gonothecis 123 b. Asci 8-spored ; hypothecium with algae below Arthotheliopsis 124 II. Thallus foliose or foliose scaly, rarely subfruticose; algae typically bluegreen, rarely bright-green 1. Apothecia not marginal ; thallus pseudoparenchymatic throughout Subfamily Heppiae 176 One genus, parasitic on Scytonema Heppia 177 2. Apothecia typically marginal or even with the thallus ; thallus layered Subfamily Peltophorae 190 a. Thallus foliose, usually large-leaved (i) Apothecia on the upper side of the thallus (a) Apothecia marginal on lobes of thallus ; lower surface of thallus without cortex X. Algae Nostoc fP^ltophora 194 fPeltigera) y. Algae Palmella (Dactylococcus) *Chloropeltis 194 (b) Apothecia superficial ; lower surface with cortex below the apothecia X. Algae Nostoc Solorina 192 y. Algae Palmella Solorinina 192 (2) Apothecia on the under side of elongate thallus lobes; thallus com- pletely corticate on both sides X. Algae Nostoc Nephromium 194 76 LECIDEACEAE y. Algae Palmella Nephroma 193 b. Thallus minute, small triangular scales radiating from the apothecium (1) Asci 8-spored; spores brownish, 4-6-celled Asteristium 191 (2) Asci many-spored; spores clear, 2-celled Solorinella 192 Family 40. LECIDEACEAE Zahlbruckner 114, 129, 138, 144 Thallus firm, not gelatinous, crustose, scaly or foliose, exceptionally dwarf fruticose, with rhizoids or a navel in the larger forms, with or without cortex; apo- thecia superficial or somewhat sunken at first, with a characteristic proper exciple, very rarely lacking, but without a thalline exciple. The absence of the latter dis- tinguishes this family from the Parmeliaceae. I. Thallus uniform or crustose 1. Algae Chroolepus or Phyllactidium Subfamily Lecanactidae 114 a. Proper exciple lacking, or rudimentary and lateral (1) Spores transeptate; exciple mostly absent Schismatomma 115 (2) Spores muriform; exciple thin, complete Melampydium 116 b. Proper exciple well-developed, carbonous (i) Spores 2-celled Arthoniactis 115 (2) Spores 4-many-celled Lecanactis 115 (3) Spores needle-shaped *Scolecactis 115 2. Algae Pleurococcus or Palmella Subfamily Lecideae 129 a. Thallus unif orm-crustose, loose, without cortex ; spores clear, f usoid, 4-celled Pilocarpum 116 b. Thallus typically crustose, firm (l) Asci i-8-spored, rarely 16-32-spored (a) Spores i-celled X. Spores clear (x) Asci i-2-spored; spores large, thick-walled Mycoblastus 133 (y) Asci 8-spored m. Exciple black, carbonous Lecidea 130 n. Exciple clear or colored, not carbonous Biatora 132 (z) Asci 16-32-spored *Pleolecis 132 y. Spores brown Orphniospora 133 (b) Spores 2-celled X. Spores clear (x) Paraphyses simple m. Spores thick-walled, large Megalospora 134 n. Spores thin-walled, small (m) Thallus with cortex *Diphloeis 136 (n) Thallus without cortex LECIDEACEAE 77 r. Exciple and hypothecium dark or black Catillaria 133 s. Exciple and hypothecium clear or bright Biatorina 134 (y) Paraphyses branched, in a slimy hymenium *Diphanis 138 y. Spores brown ; paraphyses branched *Diphaeis 138 (c) Spores 4-many-celled X. Spores elliptic to long-fusoid (x) Thallus not corticate, crustose-uniform m. Spores thin-walled Bacidia 135 n. Spores thick-walled Bombyliospora 136 (y) Thallus corticate, v/arty to scaly Toninia 136 y. Spores needle-shaped or filiform fScolecosporis 136 (Scoliciosporum) (d) Spores muriform X. Spores clear (x) Spores with mucus covering; paraphyses branched *Phalodictyum 138 (y) Spores without mucus cover; paraphyses simple Lopadium 137 y. Spores brown, mucosa Rhizocarpum 137 (2) Asci many-spored (a) Exciple bright-colored, soft Biatorella 151 (b) Exciple dark or black, hard Sporostatia 152 II. Thallus scaly or foliose ; algae Pleurococcus or Palmella Subfamily Phyllopsorae 138 1. Thallus scaly, with rhizoids ; disk even a. Spores i-celled (i) Hypothecium pseudoparenchymatic Phyllopsora 138 (2) Hypothecium not pseudoparenchymatic Ca) Exciple clear or bright Psoromaria 183 (b) Exciple dark or black Psora 132 b. Spores transeptate Psorella 139 2. Thallus mostly with one large leaf ; disk often furrowed Subfamily Gyrophorae 147 a. Spores i-celled ; disk furrowed in most of the species Gyrophora 147 b. Spores transeptate (i) Spores 2-many-ceHed, colorless *Merophora 148 (2) Spores 2-celled, brown Dermatiscum 149 c. Spores muriform, dark Umbilicaria 149 HI. Thallus dwarf fruticose, of low erect slightly branched podetia, horizontal thallus lacking; spores clear, 2-celled Sphaerophoropsis 133 78 CLADONIACEAE— PARMELIACEAE Family 41. CLADONIACEAE Zahlbruckner 139 Thallus of two kinds, one horizontal on the substratum, crustose, scaly to foli- ose, the other consisting of erect clubshaped, cupshaped or filiform, simple or branched podetia ; algae typically Pleurococcus ; apothecia terminal or lateral, mostly con- vex to globose, with proper exciple only, except in Chlorocaulum ; spores colorless. I. Apothecia with proper exciple 1. Podetia short, simple, rarely forked; apothecia terminal a. Podetia equal, not broadened above (i) Podetia covering the surface (a) Hypothecium clear X. Spores i-celled Baeomyces 140 y. Spores transeptate (x) Spores elliptic to rod-shaped m. Spores 2-ceIled *Dibaeis 140 n. Spores 4-celled (m) Algae bluegreen *Cyanobaeis 141 (n) Algae yellow-green Heteromyces 141 (y) Spores filiform, many-celled Gomphyllus 141 (b) Hypothecium dark; spores i-celled Pilophorum 142 (2) Podetia marginal on a foliose thallus Gymnoderma 142 b. Podetia broadened above into lobes or tongues bearing the hymenium on one side (i) No algae below the hymenium; medulla uniform Glossodium 142 (2) Algae below the hymenium ; medulla with thicker strands Thysanothecium 142 2. Podetia funnelform, cupshaped or more or less branched, large a. Spores i-celled ; podetia hollow Cladonia 143 b. Spores 4-many-celled Stereocaulum 146 c. Spores muriform Argopsis 146 II. Apothecia with thalline exciple *Chlorocaulum 146 Family 42. PARMELIACEAE Zahlbruckner 118, 124, 150, 195, 199, 207, 216 Thallus of one kind, podetia lacking, firm, not gelatinous, crustose, scaly, foli- ose or fruticose, often with rhizoids, typically layered, algae typically yellow green, but bluegreen in two subfamilies ; apothecia characterized by a thalline exciple, which is rarely lacking, superficial, rarely immersed I. Thallus typically crustose, sometimes scaly or lobed at the margin I. Algae Pleurococcus or Palmella, rarely Protococcus a. Asci i-32-spored, mostly 8-spored (i) Disk conspicuous, not perithecioid Subfamily Leanorae 199 (a) Spores i-celled FARM ELI ACE AE 79 X. Asci i-8-spored (x) Paraphyses simple, free m. Spores straight, elliptic to oblong (m) Thallus bright yellow; pycnoconidia elliptic Candelariella 207 (n) Thallus rarely bright yellow; conidia filiform r. Cortex not pseudoparenchymatic Lecanora 201 s. Cortex pseudoparenchymatic Psoroma 183 n. Spores crescent to falcate Harpidium 199 (y) Paraphyses branched and united OchrolecKia 203 y. Asci i2-many-spored *Myriolecis 202 (b) Spores 2-celled X. Paraphyses simple, free (x) Sterigmata exobasidial Lecania 204 (y) Sterigmata endobasidial Icmadophila 204 (incl. Placolecania 205) y. Paraphyses branched, united Calenia 205 (c) Spores 4-raany-celled X. Apothecia superficial (x) Asci i-8-spored m. Thallus with cortex Haematomma 205 n. Thallus without cortex (m) Paraphyses forked ; spores moniliform, 30-40-celIed Conotrema 121 (n) Paraphyses simple; spores not moniliform, 8-30-celled *Adermatis 204 (y) Asci 16-32-spored *Dyslecanis 204 y. Apothecia immersed; thallus without cortex (x) Paraphyses simple, free Phlyctella 206 (y) Paraphyses branched and united Phlyctidia 206 (d) Spores muriform X. Spores clear, at least not dark (x) Apothecia superficial, broad Myxodictyum 206 (y) Apothecia immersed, small Phlyctis 206 y. Spores dark Diploschistes 122 (2) Disk small, more or less closed and perithecioid; apothecia mostly sunk- en in warts Subfamily Pertusariae 195 (a) Spores i-celled X. Paraphyses simple, free Perforaria 195 y. Paraphyses branched and united Pertusaria 195 8o PARMELIACEAE (b) Spores 2-ceIled; paraphyses branched and united Varicellaria ig8 b. Asci many-spored ; spores i-celled, more rarely 2-celled Subfamily Acarosporae 150 (i) Apothecia superficial (a) Thallus bright yellow *Pleochroma 207 (b) Thallus not bright yellow Maronea 152 (2) Apothecia typically immersed, with mostly narrow disk Acarospora 152 2. Algae Chroolepus or Phyllactidium ; apothecia with thalline exciple, at least when young Subfamily Gyalectae 124 (incl. Thelotremae 118) a. Thalline exciple present and persistent (i) Spores i-celled Jonaspis 125 (2) Spores 2-celled *Ocellis 118 (3) Spores 4-many-celled (a) Spores clear X. Apothecia sprouting repeatedly from the margin, forming erect forked chains of apothecia Polystroma 121 y. Apothecia not in chains (x) Algae Chroolepus m. Exciple and hypothecium clear Ocellularia 118 n. Exciple and hypothecium dark, hard Sagiolechia 126 (y) Algae Phyllactidium Phyllophthalmaria 120 (b) Spores brown Phaeotrema 119 (4) Spores muriform (a) Spores clear X. Paraphyses simple, free Thelotrema iig y. Paraphyses branched and united *Phanotylium 121 (b) Spores dark or brown x. Paraphyses simple, free Leptotrema 120 y. Paraphyses branched and united (x) Apothecia sunken in groups in a stroma Tremotylium 120 (y) Apothecia not in a stroma Gyrostomum 120 b. Thalline exciple present at first, then more or less completely disappearing (i) Asci i-8-spored (a) Spores 2-celled Microphiale 125 (b) Spores 4-many-celled Bryophagus 126 (c) Spores muriform Gyalecta 125 (2) Asci i2-many-spored (a) Spores 2-celled Ramonia 125 (b) Spores 6-many-celled Pachyphiale 126 11. Thallus typically foliose or fruticose, sometimes small-leaved or scaly; thalline exciple sometimes lacking PARMELIACEAE 8i I. Algae Pleurococcus, Protococcus, Palmella or Cystococcus a. Asci many-spored ; apothecia cespitose on a one-leaved thallus Glypholecia 153 b. Asci i-32-spored (i) Thallus foliose, horizontal or upright, rarely fruticose, typically dor- siventral (a) Thallus with cyphellae or pseudocyphellae or furnished with well- developed clubshaped cephalodia X. Lower side of thallus with cyphellae or pseudocyphellae (x) Apothecia with thalline exciple m. Spores 2-celled (ni) Spores clear *Diphanosticta 189 (n) Spores brown *Diphaeosticta 189 n. Sporss 4-many-celled (ni) Spores clear *Phanosticta 189 (n; Spores brown Sticta 188 (y) Apothecia with proper exciple only *Dysticta i8g y. Lower side of thallus without cyphellae or pseudocyphellae ; thallus typically with cephalodia (x) Algae Protococcus Lobaria 185 (y) Algae Cystococcus, i. e., in mucose colonies *Cystolobis 188 (b) Thallus typically without cyphellae, pseudocyphellae, and cephalodia Subfamily Parmeliae 207 X. Asci 16-32-spored Candelaria 209 y. Asci 2-8-spored (x) Cortex on both sides of thallus m. Apothecia superficial (m) Lower cortex more or less cellular, usually with rhizoids Parmelia 211 (incl. Parmeliopsis 209) (n) Lower cortex without rhizoids, spongy, of net-like hyphae Anzia 213 n. Apothecia marginal or terminal ; thallus often fruticose (m) Disks upright from the beginning Cetraria 214 (n) Disks on the under side of thallus lobes, later upright by the twisting of the lobes Nephromopsis 216 (y) Cortex on the upper side alone m. Apothecia superficial ; lower surface without cyphellae Physcidia 209 n. Apothecial terminal ; cyphellae on lower side Heterodea 208 (2) Thallus fruticose, erect or hanging, often long and hair-like ; radial, rarely dorsiventral in structure Subfamily Usneae 216 (a) Spores i-celled or unknown 82 PARMELIACEAE X. Medulla traversed by varying solid strands Letharia 218 y. Medulla uniform vifithout strands (x) Cortex formed of hyphae running lengthwise m. Spores clear; asci 8-spored Bryopogon 219 n. Spores brownish ; asci 4-spored Alectoria 219 (y) Cortex of hyphae more or less perpendicular to the long axis, pseudoparenchymatic m. Medulla of hyphae running lengthwise (m) Medulla loose, not horny; apothecia unknown Thamnolia 225 (n) Medulla firm, horny r. Thallus low, podetium-like ; apothecia unknown Siphula 225 s. Thallus fruticose, elongate; apothecia known (r) Thallus dorsiventral, without fibrous branches; medulla and cortex not separable Everniopsis 218 (s) Thallus radial, usually with fibrous branches; medulla and cortex readily separable Usnea 223 n. Medulla of hyphae running in all directions (m) Thallus more or less hollow r. Thallus swollen, tubular Dactylina 218 s. Thallus not swollen and tubular (r) Thallus fruticose, erect Dufourea 218 (s) Thallus podetium-like; apothecia unknown Endocena 226 (n) Thallus flattened, not hollow, dorsiventral Evernia 217 (b) Spores 2-celled Ramalina 220 (c) Spores muriform, brown, large; asci i-spored Oropogon 220 2. Algae bluegreen, Scytonema or Nostoc a. Thallus large-leaved, with cyphellae, pseudocyphellae or cephalodia (i) Lower side of thallus with cyphellae or pseudocyphellae (a) Apothecia with thalline exciple X. Spores clear, bacillar to acicular, 2-8-celled ♦Podostictina 189 y. Spores brown (x) Spores 2-celled Stictina 189 (y) Spores 4-celled *Merostictina 189 (b) Apothecia with proper exciple only *Dystictina igo PARMELIACEAE— PHYSCIACEAE &i (2) Cyphellae or pseudocyphellae absent; cephalodia usually present (a) Apothecia with thalline exciple *Phycodiscis 188 (b) Apothecia with proper exciple only Lobarina 188 b. Thallus scaly to small-leafy, sometimes crustose, exceptionally large-leafy, without cyphellae, etc. Subfamily Pannariae 178 (1) Lower surface of thallus scarcely or not at all veined; spores i-2-celled (a) Upper cortex well-developed, distinct X. Upper cortex with hyphae perpendicular to it (x) Upper cortex hairy or pilose Erioderma 183 (y) Upper cortex not hairy m. Apothecia with thalline exciple (m) Spores i-celled ; algae Nostoc Pannaria 181 (n) Spores 2-celled ; algae Scytonema Massalongia 183 n. Apothecia with proper exciple only (m) Spores i-celled Parmeliella 181 (n) Spores 2-many-celled Placynthium 181 y. Upper cortex of horizontal hyphae Coccocarpia 184 (b) Upper cortex indistinct ; algae occupying nearly the whole width of the thallus Lepidocellema 180 (2) Lower surface of thallus with distinct forked veins ; spores 4-ceUed Hydrothyria 184 Family 43. PHYSCIACEAE Zahlbruckner 226-234 Thallus crustose, foliose or fruticose, as in Parmeliaceae ; apothecia mostly lecanorin, sometimes with proper exciple alone ; spores normally 2-celled, with more or less thickened cross-wall, often traversed by a line-like canal, or exceptionally i-many-celled or muriform L Spores 2-celled 1. Spores clear a. Thallus without cortex, uniform or crustose (i) Apothecia with thalline exciple Caloplaca 227 (2) Apothecia with proper exciple only Blastenia 226 b. Thallus with cortex, foliose or fruticose (i) Thallus foliose, horizontal or ascending, dorsiventral, with rhizoids, cor- tex pseudoparenchymatic on both sides Xanthoria 229 (2) Thallus fruticose, erect, radial, cortex of conglutinate longitudinal hyphae TheloEchistes 230 2. Spores dark or brown a. Thallus without cortex, uniform or crustose 84 PHYSCIACEAE— MOLLISIACEAE (i) Apothecia with thalline exciple (a) Asci 8-spored Rinodina 232 (b) Asci 12-24-spored *Pleorinis 233 (2) Apothecia with proper exciple only Buellia 231 b. Thallus with cortex, foliose or fruticose (1) Upper cortex of perpendicular hyphae, pseudoparenchymatic (a) Apothecia with thalline exciple X. Hypothecium clear Physcia 234 y. Hypothecium black Dirinaria 235 (b) Apothecia with proper exciple only Pyxine 234 (2) Upper cortex of hyphae parallel with the long axis, not pseudoparen- chymatic ; apothecia with proper exciple Anaptychia 236 II. Spores 3-4-celIed 1. Spores clear a. Thallus without cortex, uniform or crustose (i) Apothecia with thalline exciple *Meroplacis 228 (2) Apothecia with proper exciple only Xanthocarpia 227 b. Thallus with cortex, fruticose Niorma 230 2. Spores brown a. Thallus without cortex, uniform or crustose (i) Apothecia with thalline exciple *Merorinis 233 (2) Apothecia with proper exciple alone Diplotomma 232 b. Thallus with cortex, foliose ; exciple proper *Phragmopyxine 234 III. Spores muriform, brown 1. Thallus without cortex, uniform or crustose *Dictyorinis 233 2. Thallus with cortex, fnliose Hyperphyscia 236 Family 44. MOLLISIACEAE Rehm S03 Apothecia superficial or erumpent, cupulate to disk-shaped, mostly smooth, rare- ly with hairs, typically soft-waxy; distinguished from all other families by the typically brownish exciple, which is entirely parenchymatic, or at least about the base. Subfamily EumoUisiae Apothecia superficial from the beginning Hyalosporae Spores hyaline, i-celled, globose to elliptic I. Apothecia not on a subicle 1. Spores globose MoUisiella 18:64 2. Spores elliptic to fusoid Mollisia R. 511, 8:321 MOLLISIACEAE 85 II. Apothecia on a subicle Tapesia R. 573, 8: 371 Hyalodidymae Spores hyaline, i-septate, elliptic to oblong I. Apothecia not on a subicle Niptera R. 549, 8:480 II. Apothecia on a subicle 1. Spores with a mucose covering Stictoclypeolum 18:110 2. Spores not mucose a. Spores constricted, large, 50 x 25 |ii Psorotheciopsis 16:746 b. Spores not constricted, small, 12 x 5 /" Linhartia 16:744 Hyalophragmiae Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Apothecia not on a subicle or thallus Belonidium R. 561, 8 : 496 II. Apothecia on a subicle or thallus 1. Spores ciliate at each end Ciliella 16:748 2. Spores not ciliate a. Apothecia on a subicle of hyphal threads Trichobelonium R. 590, 16:747 b. Apothecia on a parenchymatic thallus Pazschkea 14:788 (incl. Psorotheciella 16:746) Hyalodictyae Spores hyaline, muriform, ovoid to oblong I. Subicle present ; asci 1-4-spored ; spores mucose fMelittosporis 16:751 (Melittosporiopsis) Scolecosporae Spores hyaline, filiform, usually septate I. Apothecia gregarious; subicle lacking Belonopsis R. 571, 16:752 Subfamily Pyrenopezizae Apothecia at first covered, then erumpent and more or less superficial Hyalosporae Spores hyaline, i-celled, globose to oblong I. Apothecia bright-colored, on living leaves Pseudopeziza R. 596, 8:723 II. Apothecia dark-brown without, not on living leaves 1. Apothecia with bristles Pirottaea R. 636, 8: 386 2. Apothecia without bristles, but sometimes with projecting rows of cells a. Subicle lacking Pyrenopeziza R. 608, 8:354 b. Subicle present *Spilopezis R. 620 Phaeosporae Spores dark or brownish, i-celled, elliptic to oblong 86 HELOTIACEAE I. Apothecia leathery, bright-colored outside Velutaria R. 645, 8:488 Hyalodidymae Spores hyaline, I -septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Apothecia scarcely erumpent, bright colored Fabraea R. 599, 8:735 II. Apothecia nearly superficial, dark-brown without *Dibelonis R. 638 Hyalophragmiae Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Apothecia at last superficial, more or less roughened Beloniella R.638 Family 45. HELOTIACEAE Rehm 647 Apothecia mostly superficial, rarely erumpent or arising from a sclerotium, typi- cally stalked, sometimes sessile, cupulate to disk-shaped, waxy; distinguished by an exciple which is completely prosenchymatic. Subfamily Helotiae Apothecia not hairy Hyalosporae Spores hyaline, i-celled, globose to oblong I. Apothecia on a subicle Eriopeziza R. 693 II. Apothecia not on a subicle 1. Apothecia arising from a sclerotium, long-stalked Sclerotinia R. 803, 8:195 2. Apothecia not arising from a sclerotium a. Apothecia green, arising from a green substratum Chlorosplenium R. 752, 8:315 b. Apothecia not on a green substratum (1) Apothecia margined by a row of triangular teeth (a) Apothecia stalked Cyathicula R. 740, 8:304 (b) Apothecia sessile *Pezoloma (2) Apothecia without teeth (a) Asci many-spored Comesia 8:468 (b) Asci typically 8-spored X, Apothecia sessile Pezizella R. 653, 8: 275 y. Apothecia stalked (x) Ascus pore blue with iodin Helotium R. 772, 8: 210 (incl. Ciboria R. 754, 8:201) (y) Ascus pore not blue with iodin Phialea R. 708, 8:251 (incl. Helotium in part) HELOTIACEAE Hyalodidymae Spores hyaline, i-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Apothecia typically sessile *Eubelonis R. 685 II. Apothecia stalked I. Stalk ridged or folded Lanzia 8:479 2. Stalk not ridged or folded Hymenoscypha R. 781 Hyalophragmiae Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Apothecia not toothed at margin 1. Apothecia sessile Belonium R. 685, 8:492 2. Apothecia stalked a. Subicle lacking (i) Spores muticate (a) Paraphyses colorless, epithecium lacking Belonioscypha R. 743 (b) Paraphyses colored, forming an epithecium Rutstroemia R. 763 (2) Spores i-ciliate at each end *Belospora R. 744, 8:488 b. Subicle present Masseea 18:99 II. Apothecia with a row of triangular teeth at margin 1. Apothecia sessile *Merodontis 18: 102 2. Apothecia stalked Davincia 18: 101 Scolecosporae Spores typically hyaline, filiform I. Apothecia sessile or merely narrowed below 1. Apothecia smooth Gorgoniceps R. 690, 8:504 2. Apothecia hairy Arachnopeziza R. 698 II. Apothecia stalked Pocillum R. 747, 8:605 Subfamily Dasyscyphae Rehm 824 Apothecia hairy Hyalosporae Spores hyaline, i-celled, globose to fusoid I. Spores globose Lachnellula R. 862, 8:390 II. Spores elliptic to fusoid 1. Paraphyses lance-shaped, pointed a. Apothecia sessile *Dyslachnum R. 868, 888 b. Apothecia stalked Lachnum R. 870 2. Paraphyses filiform, blunt a. Apothecia divided above into 3-6 lobes, black Arenaea 18: 75 b. Apothecia entire, rarely black 88 PEZIZACEAE (i) Apothecia hairy with distinct bristles (a) Hairs shining, clear, non-septate, nearly solid *Phalothrix R. 831 (b) Hairs dull, usually septate, hollow X. Apothecia sessile *Dasypezis R. 829, 842 y. Apothecia stalked Dasyscypha R. 832, 8:432 (2) Apothecia villose with projecting hyphae Hyphoscypha 18:87 Hyalodidymae Spores hyaline, i-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Spores at first i-celled, but finally 2-celled Lachnella R. 853, 8:391 (incl. Perrotia 18: 90) Hyalophragmiae Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Paraphyses lance-shaped, pointed Erinella R. 910, 8:507 H. Paraphyses bearing conidia at the tips Diplocarpa 18: no Family 46. PEZIZACEAE Rehm 913 Apothecia typically terrestrial, erumpent or superficial, sessile or stalked, urn- shaped to disciform, smooth or hairy, fleshy or fleshy-waxy, rarely leathery; usually medium to large forms. Subfamily Pezizae Apothecia smooth, i. e., without hairs Hyalosporae Spores hyaline, i -celled, globose to fusoid 1. Asci not blue with iodin 1. Apothecia cleft on one side, ear-like Otidea R. 1023, 8:94 2. Apothecia not ear-like a. Spores globose (1) Apothecia fleshy or fleshy-waxy (a) Substipitate, parasitic Pitya R. 925, 8: 209 (b) Sessile, terrestrial Detonia R. 927, 1269, 8:105 (Barlaea 8:111, Otidella 8:99) (2) Apothecia cartilaginous tPeltophoromyces 16:720 (Peltigeromyces) b. Spores elliptic to fusoid (l) Apothecia sessile (a) Spores with reticulately thickened wall Aleuria R. 968 (b) Spores smooth or roughened X. Apothecia not on a subicle Humaria R. 934, 8: 118 PEZIZACEAE 89 y. Apothecia on a subicle Pyronema R. 962, 8: 107 (incl. Phycascus 16:709) (2) Apothecia stalked (a) Stalk narrow, cylindric, mealy-rough, almost hairy Macropodia R. 984, 8:158 (b) Stalk mostly short and wide, not mealy-rough X. Stalk large and thick, deeply furrowed Phleboscyphus R. 981, 18: 13 (Acetabula) y. Stalk even or slightly furrowed (x) Apothecia persistently cup-shaped Geopyxis R. 971, 8: 63 (y) Apothecia finally open and flat Discina R. 976, 8:99 II. Asci blue with iodin 1. Apothecia cleft on one side, ear-like *Iotidea R. 1028 2. Apothecia not ear-like a. Spores globose Plicariella R. 993 b. Spores elliptic to fusoid (i) Apothecia sessile (a) Apothecia with a milky juice Galactinia 8: 106 (b) Apothecia without milky juice X. Apothecia not on a subicle (x) Apothecia leathery, black Urnula R. 999, 8:548 (y) Apothecia fleshy, not black m. Apothecia on the surface of the ground Plicaria R. 1000 (Pustularia in part) n. Apothecia large, sunken, lobed Peziza R. 1019, 8: 73 and 511 (Pustularia in part) y. Apothecia on a subicle Melachroia R. 997 (2) Apothecia with a long, slender stalk Tarzetta R. 1021 Phaeosporae Spores dark, i-celled, globose to oblong I. Spores globose Phaeopezia 8: 471, R. 995 II. Spores elliptic 1. Apothecia sessile Aleurina 18: 88 2. Apothecia stalked *PodaIeuris 18:88 Subfamily Scutelliniae Apothecia setose or hairy Hyalosporae Spores hyaline, i-celled, globose to fusoid I. Spores globose 90 PEZIZACEAE— HELVELLACEAE 1. Spores smooth a. Cup dark or black, more or less strigose at base Pseudoplectania R. 1039, 8:165 b. Cup bright-colored, hairy or setose Sphaerospora R. 1037, 8: 188 2. Spores warted or reticulate; cups white-hairy Pyronemella R. 1038, 8: 194 II. Spores elliptic to fusoid 1. Spores rostrate at base Puttemansia 18:98 2. Spores muticate a. Apothecia sunken in the ground, opening by lobes Sepultaria R. 1075, 8: i65 b. Apothecia superficial (i) Apothecia sessile (a) Apothecia dark-hairy or ciliate X. Apothecia uniformly dark-hairy Pelodiscus 16:1147, 18:35 y. Apothecia also with long cilia at the margin (x) Paraphyses clavulate, blunt Scutellinia R. 1042, 8:173 (Lachnea) (y) Paraphyses equal, brown, pointed Desmazierella R. 1041, 8:386 (b) Apothecia bright-hairy or ciliate X. Apothecia uniformly bright-hairy *Leucopezis y. Apothecia with marginal cilia also Neottiopezis 8: 190, R. 1068 (2) Apothecia stalked (a) Apothecia dark or black X. Stalk long, slender, mealy Macropodia R. 984, 8:158 y. Stalk short, thick with brown hairs and rhizoids Plectania 8: 163, R. 1070 (b) Apothecia and hairs bright-colored Sarcoscypha R. 1070, 8: 153 (incl. Trichoscypha 8: 160, Pilo- cratera 18:31) Phaeosporae Spores hyaline, i-celled, globose to fusoid I. Apothecia with a cylindric verrucose stalk Phaeomacropus 16: 740 II. Apothecia sessile *TrichaIeuris 18:89 Family 47. HELVELLACEAE Rehm 1134 Apothecia typically terrestrial, and stalked, sometimes ses,sile, club-shaped, conical or saddle-shaped, rarely flat, mostly smooth, fleshy, cartilaginous or rarely gelatinous ; usually large forms. HELVELLACEAE 9i Subfamily Rhizinae Apothecia sessile, flat, arched or irregularly globose I. Spores globose Sphaerosoma R. 1140, 8: 56 II. Spores elliptic or fusoid 1. Spores elliptic, rounded at ends Psilopezia R. ii37. 8:152 (incl. Peltidium 18: 11) 2. Spores fusoid, pointed at the thickened ends Rhizina R. 1138, 8:57 Subfamily Helvellae Apothecia stalked, cap- or saddle-shaped, or columnar I. Hymeniura ridged in both directions 1. Ridged cap stalked Morchella R. 1200, 8:8 2. Ridged cap sessile Underwoodia 10: i II. Hymenium smooth, convolute or ridged longitudinally 1. Hymenium saddle-like, more or less lobed Helvella R. 1179, 8: 17 2. Hymenium globoid, convolute Gyromitra R. 1189, 8: 15 3. Hymenium cap- or bell-shaped, smooth or ridged Verpa R. 1195, 8:29 Subfamily Geoglossae Apothecia stalked, clavate or capitate I. Hymenium distinct from stem, disciform or capitate 1. Spores i-celled *Haplocybe R. 1168 (incl. Moellerodiscus 18:8) 2. Spores 2-4-celled a. Apothecia gelatinous Leotia R. 1164, 8:6og b. Apothecia waxy or fleshy-waxy Cudoniella R. ii65, 8: 41 3. Spores filiform or acicular a. Apothecia fleshy, cap-shaped with involute margin Cudonia R. 1169, 8: 527 (Leotiella 16: 700) b. Apothecia waxy, button-shaped, solid Vibrissea R. 1170, 8:51 II. Hymenium club-shaped, not distinct from stem or but slightly so 1. Spores hyaline a. Spores i-celled (i) Spores globose Neolecta 8: 40 (2) Spores elliptic Mitrula R. 1146, 8:32 (Spragueola 14: 742) b. Spores 2-4-celled, fusoid (i) Hymenium covering the whole club Microglossum R. 1151, 8: 39 (2) Hymenium on one side only Hemiglossum 10: 2 c. Spores more or less filiform Spathularia R. 1158, 8:48 (incl. Mitruliopsis 18:10) 2. Spores brown, clavate or cylindric, many-celled Geoglossum R. 1153, 8:42 92 ASCOBOLACEAE— CORDIERITACEAE Family 48. ASCOBOLACEAE Rehm 1078 Apothecia superficial, typically fimicole, scutellate to disciform, fleshy or waxy or gelatinous; asci mostly broad and clavate, projecting above the hymenium at maturity. Subfamily Ascophanae Spores colorless I. Hymenium within an exciple 1. Asci 4- or 8-spored a. Spores globose (i) Asci 4-spored (2) Asci 8-spored b. Spores elliptic to fusoid; asci 8-spored (i) Apothecia smooth (2) Apothecia hairy or setose (a) Spores smooth (b) Spores spiny 2. Asci i6-many-spored a. Asci many (i) Apothecia fimbriate with delicate hairs; asci 32-spored Streptotheca 10:34 (2) Apothecia not hairy ; asci i6-many-spored Rhyparobius R. 1099 b. Ascus one Thelebolus R. 1106 II. Hymenium without an exciple ; asci many-spored Zukalina R. 1108 Boudierella 14: 792 Cubonia 8: 527 Ascophanus R. 1085, 8:528 Lasiobolus R. 1096, 8: 536 Aphanascus 10: 35 I. Spores globose II. Spores elliptic to fusoid 1. Spores in a gelatinous mass in ascus 2. Spores free in the ascus a. Apothecia smooth (i) Exciple present, normal (2) Exciple lacking b. Apothecia hairy or ciliate Subfamily Ascobolae Spores colored Boudiera R. 1113, 8: 512 Saccobolus R. 1115, 8:524 Ascobolus R. 1120, 8: 514 Ascodesmis 8: 824 Dasybolus 11:421 Family 49. CORDIERITACEAE 8: 81Q, 16: 803 Apothecia suberose or corneo-carbonous, superficial, ramose-stipitate, arising at the tips of the branches, finally cup-like and open; asci terete-clavate, 6-8-spored; spores I- or 2-celled, mostly hyaline. I. Spores l-celled, hyaline ; stipe much branched above, horny-carbonous Cordierites 8:810 EXASCACEAE— GYMNASCACEAE 93 11. Spores 2-celled; stipe fascicled-ramose, suberose Acroscyphus 8 : 8i i Order ii. GYMNASCALES Apothecia imperfect, more or less effuse or obsolete, raaculiform, byssoid or dot-like, exciple absent; asci mostly free, often single, i-many-spored, rarely with paraphyses. Family so. EXASCACEAE 8:8ii, 10:67, 11:43s, 14:823, 16:803, 18:196 Asci parallel and crowded, sessile or enlarged at base; parasitic in living plants and deforming the part attacked as a rule. I. Asci few-spored, usually 8-spored 1. Spores i-celled, more or less globose Exascus 8:816 2. Spores 2-3-septate, oblong Elsinoe 16: 804 II. Asci many-spored 1. Asci more or less globose Taphridium 18: 203 2. Asci terete-clavate Taphrina 8:812 Bargellinia 8:823 Amaurascus 1 1 : 438 Conidiascus 16:807 Family 51. GYMNASCACEAE 8:820, 10:70, 11:437, 14:824, 16:805, 18:194 (incl. Ascoidaceae, Ascocortiaceae, Endomycetaceae, Protomycetaceae) Asci more or less solitary or grouped in masses of mycelium ; for the most part saprophytic. I. Saprogenous 1. Asci 1-2-spored 2. Asci 3-8-spored a. Spores globose or nearly so (i) Spores brown or violet (2) Spores hyaline or golden (a) Asci 3-5-spored (b) Asci 8-spored X. Asci surrounded by serrate spiral hyphae Ctenomyces 8:824 y. Asci without serrate spiral hyphae (x) Asci solitary m. Asci acrogenous Eremascus 8:822 n. Asci intercalary Oleina 8:822 (y) Asci grouped or congested in masses Gymnascus 8 : 823 (incl. Arachniotus 1 1 : 438) b. Spores elliptic, hyaline; asci vertical, clavate Ascocorticium 10: 71 3. Asci many-spored a. Spores globose (i) Asci elongate, split at base Dipodascus 11:439 (2) Asci terete-clavate, simple at base Ascoidea 10: 71 94 SACCHAROMYCETACEAE— CYTTARIACEAE b. Spores elliptic fAscodes 16:807 (Oscarbrefeldia) II. Biogenous 1. Asci 4-8-spored a. Asci 4-spored, solitary; on fungi Endomyces 8:821 b. Asci 8-spored (i) Spores i-celled (a) Hyphae of palmiform haustoria; on fungi Podocapsa 8: 820 (b) Hyphae filamentous; on animals Eidamella 16:805 (2) Spores muriform; on leaves Nostocotheca 16:806 2. Asci many-spored a. Mycelium present Eremothecium 8: 821 b. Mycelium none (i) Haustoria present; on fungi *Podocapsiuin 8:820 (2) Haustoria absent; mostly on flowering plants Protomyces 7:319 Family 52. SACCHAROMYCETACEAE 8:916, 11:457, 14:828, 16:818, 18:198 True hyphae lacking, unicellular, propagating by buds ; asci spurious ?, globose to elliptic, mostly 1-4-spored ; growing typically in sugary or starchy liquids or ma- terials. I. Cells increasing by fission Schizosaccharomyces 18:201 II. Cells increasing by budding 1. Spores pileiform or limoniform, costate Willia 18: 198 2. Spores globose to irregular a. Vegetative cells conjugating Zygosaccharomyces 18: 198 b. Vegetative cells normal Saccharomyces 18: ig8 Order 12. TUBERALES Ascoma or apothecium typically more or less globose, and indehiscent, with one to many hollows, locules or veins, fleshy, waxy, leathery or even subcarbonous , saprophytic or parasitic, usually subterranean; asci present, i-many-spored. FamUy 53. CYTTARIACEAE 8:4, 16:69s, 18:1 Ascomata globose or obovate, firm fleshy, subcorneous when dry, stuffed or hollow, loculiferous at the periphery, producing tubercular swellings on the branches of living trees ; locules globose, large, dehiscing by lobes, filled with asci and para- physes ; asci cylindric 8-spored ; spores hyaline. I. Ascoma globose or obovate ; all locules bearing asci Cyttaria 8 : 4 PHYMATOSPHAERIACEAE 9S II. Ascoma turbinate, fenestrate below; asci on a definite disk Rickiella i8: i Family 54. PHYMATOSPHAERIACEAE (incl. MYRIANGIACEAE) 8 : 843, II : 440, 16 : 799, 18 : 191 Ascomata verruciform, small, waxy, membranous or subcarbonous, superficial, densely loculif erous within ; locules with a single ascus, indehiscent ; asci globose or short clavate, 8-spored. Hyalosporae Spores hyaline, i-celled, ovoid to elliptic I. Ascomata globose-depressed, membranous Phillipsiella 8: 844 Phaeosporae Spores dark, i-celled, elliptic to fusoid I. Spores angulose, verrucose; fimicole Guillermondia 18:191 Hyalodidymae Spores hyaline, i-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Ascomata dark, globose-depressed Microphyma 8: 844 II. Ascomata bright-colored, applanate Leptophyma 8: 844 Hyalophragmiae Spores hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Ascomata elongate, rugose Eurytheca 8:846 II. Ascomata punctiform to obconic 1. Ascomata punctiform or applanate a. Ascomata punctiform; asci clavate Harknessiella 8:845 b. Ascomata applanate-discif orm ; asci ovoid to globose Myriangium 16:800 (incl. Myriangella 18: 192) 2. Ascomata hemispheric or obconic; asci globose MoUeriella 8:845 Phaeophragmiae Spores dark, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Ascomata blood-red, membranous-waxy Kusanoa 16:800 Hyalodictyae Spores hyaline, muriform I. Ascomata bright-colored 1. Ascomata on a radiate subicle Phymatosphaeria 8:847 2. Ascomata not on a subicle Ascomycetella 8:846 II. Ascomata dark or black Trichophyma 18:194 96 ONYGENACEAE— TUBERACEAE Phaeodictyae Spores dark, muriform I. Ascomata applanate-tuberculiform, black Cookella 8:846 Family 55. ONYGENACEAE 8 : 861, 10 : 80, II: 440, 16 : 807 Ascomata subglobose, sessile or stipitate, membranous, fragile, epizoic ; gleba waxy, then pulverulent; asci 8-spored, globose, evanescent; spores continuous, sub- hyaline. A single genus Onygena 8:861 Family 56. ELAPHOMYCETACEAE (ind. CENOCOCCACEAE) 8:863, 10:80, 11:441 Ascomata hypogaean, woody, crustose or carbonous, more or less globose, inde- hiscent, finally producing a powdery spore mass or gleba; asci l-8-spored, some- . times spurious. I. Gleba interwoven with silky threads; asci normal Elaphomyces 8:863 TI. Gleba without capillitium; asci spurious, cell-shaped Cenococcum 8: 871 Family 57. TUBERACEAE (incl. ENDOGONACEAE, EOTERFEZIACEAE) 8 : 872, 10 : 80, 11: 442, 14 : 826, 16 : 808, 18 : 205 Ascomata hypogaean, rarely epigaean or parasitic, fleshy or waxy hardened, more or less globose, indehiscent ; gleba never becoming a powdery mass, typically veined or lacunose, rarely continuous ; asci l-8-spored, rarely spurious. Hyalosporae Spores hyaline, l-celled, globose to elliptic I. Gleba without veins, but with one or more cavities 1. Asci linear or elongate a. Spores verrucose or roughened (i) Spores globose Pseudogenea 16:808 (2) Spores ovoid to elliptic Genea 8:873 b. Spores smooth (i) Gleba with a single large cavity Hydnocystis 8:876 (2) Gleba convolute lacunose (a) Densely lanate; canals not produced to surface Geopora 8: 877 (b) Not lanate ; canals produced to surface Pseudohydnotria 16 : 808 2. Asci globose to oblong a. Spores roughened or alveolate, globose TUBERACEAE 97 (i) Asci 2-4-spored; spores with recurved spines Terfeziopsis 16:816 (2) Asci 8-spored X. Hollows or canals not reaching the surface (x) Gleba with irregular stellate hollows Myrmecocystis i6:8og (y) Microscopic ; gleba central, lax Lilliputia 16:816 y. Hollows or canals reaching the surface Hydnobolites 8:879 b. Spores smooth (i) Gleba of numerous locules ; epigaean, parasitic on fungi Eoterfezia 18:205 (2) Hypogaean (a) Ascoma brown villous Phaeangium 11:442 (b) Ascoma not villous Balsamia 8:877 fl. Gleba with veins, solid or also lacunose 1. Veins of two colors ; spores globose, smooth Stephensia 8 : 880 2. Veins all of one color a. Spores globose, roughened d) Gleba with distinct veins; asci mostly 2-3-spored Delastria 8: 904 (2) Gleba marbled with brown spots ; asci 3-4-spored Piersonia 16: 812 b. Spores ellipsoid, smooth (i) Spores apiculate at each end, limoniform Leucangium 8 : 899 (2) Spores not apiculate (a) Asci 8-spored, broadly stipitate Tirmania 11:444 (b) Asci 6-8-spored, not stipitate Picoa 8:899 Phaeosporae Spores dark, i-celled I. Gleba without veins ; typically with hollows or canals 1. Spores globose, roughened a. Asci linear or cylindric (i) Gleba with one or more hollows Gyrocratera 16:815 (incl. Cryptica 10:82) (2) Gleba homogeneous, lax Ruhlandiella 17: 241 b. Asci broad, oblong Hydnotrya 8:879 2. Spores ovoid, smooth Genabea 8:878 [I. Gleba with veins 1. Veins of two colors a. Some veins white Pachyphloeus 8:881 b. No veins white Tuber 8:882 2, Veins of one color 98 UREDINACEAE a. Asci elongate; gleba not divided into masses Choeromyces 8: goo b. Asci ovate to globose; gleba divided into masses Terfezia 8:902 Order 13. UREDINALES Apothecia reduced to a mass of persistent or evanescent asci, waxy, leathery, gelatinous or powdery; parasites. Family 58. UREDINACEAE 7:528, 9:291, 11:174, 14:269, 16:257, 17:244 Parasitic ; apothecia reduced to a mass of asci with fixed spore cells., i. e., teleutospores with I or more cells; conidia normally present, produced in cluster cups (aecidia, aecia), sori (uredinia), or spermagonia (pycnia) ; the asci and co- nidia may occur on the same host or upon different hosts, or one or the other alone may occur; teleutospores producing a promycelium and sporidioles upon germination. Amerosporae Teleutospores l-celled, colored, rarely hyaline, or absent I. Teleutospores present 1. Teleutospores hyaline a. Teleutospores catenate Monosporidium 9:297 b. Teleutospores single Zaghouania 17:268 2. Teleutospores colored a. Spore mass or sorus horizontal (1) Teleutospores catenate (a) Spores in a pseudoperidium Dietelia 14:291 (b) Spores not in a pseudoperidium Clastopsora 17: 263 (2) Teleutospores not catenate (a) Uredospores not in a pseudoperidium X. Spores half smooth , half roughened Hemileia 7: 585 y. Spore cells alike smooth or rough (x) Teleutospores on a stalk Uromyces 7:531 (y) Teleutospores not stalked m. Teleutospores connate in a lentiform layer tUromycodes 14: 290 (Schroeteriaster) n. Teleutospores not connate ,_ Chaconia 14:290 (b) Uredospores in a pseudoperidium X. Teleutospore sorus determinate, black or dark-brown Melampsora 7 : 586 (incl. Phacopsora 14: 289) y. Teleutospore sorus indeterminate, pale or reddish Melampsorella 7 : 596 (incl. Hyalopsora 17:268) b. Spore mass or sorus with a cylindric columella, more or less vertical, glo- bose to cylindric UREDINACEAE 09 (i) Teleutospores mucose; uredospores lacking Masseella 14: 292 (2) Teleutospores not mucose; uredospores present (a) Uredospores in a pseudoperidium Cronartium 7:597 (b) Uredospores not in a pseudoperidium Skierka 16: 271 II. Teleutospores absent; pycnia, aecia or uredinia only 1. Spores in a pseudoperidium or cup a. Spores in pycnia Aecidiolum 7:773 b. Spores in aecia (i) Aecia cup-shaped, usually dentate or crenate at margin Aecidium 7 : 774 (2) Aecia cylindric, margin fimbriate Roestelia 7: 833 (3) Aecia irregular, more or less globose (a) Spores catenate; on conifers Peridermium 7:835 (b) Spores free; not on conifers Pericladium 7: 838 2. Spores not in a pseudoperidium ; uredinia a. Spores single Uredo 7:838 b. Spores catenate Caeoma 7:863 Djdymosporae Teleutospores 2-celled, colored or hyaline 1. Teleutospores absent ; aecia alone present Aecidiella 14:389 tt. Teleutospores present I. Sori horizontal a. Teleutospores catenate, in a pseudoperidium fDidymosira 11:205 (Pucciniosira) b. Teleutospores single (i) Teleutospores not in a pseudoperidium (a) Teleutospores subpenicillate at each end Dasyspora 9: 313 (b) Teleutospores not penicillate X. Pedicel of spore with a hyaline gelatinous sheath tColeoma 9:313 (Coleopuccinia) y. Pedicel without gelatinous sheath (x) Teleutospores longitudinally i-septate Diorchidium 7:736 (y) Teleutospores transversely i-septate m, Teleutospores with a hyaline integument Uropyxis 7:735 n. Teleutospores without hyaline integument 100 UREDINACEAE (m) Spore cells with germination pores Puccinia 7 : 600 (inc. Trichopsora, Chrysopsora 11:206, Gymnoconia 14:360) (n) Spore cells without germination pores Leptinia 14: 358 (2) Teleutospores in a pseudoperidium Schizospora 14:361 ■2. Sori vertical a. Teleutospores confluent into a gelatinous stratum Gymnosporangium T-lzi b. Teleutospores closely joined in a columella (i) Spores catenate Gambleola 16: 314 (2) Spores not catenate Didymopsora 16:315 Phragmosporae Teleutospores 2-several-septate I. Teleutospores not in a pseudoperidium 1. Teleutospores transversely septate a. Teleutospores catenate fPhragmostele 16: 321 b. Teleutospores not catenate (Pucciniostele) (i) Uredospores not catenate (a) Teleutospores cylindric; cells separating with difficulty Phragmidium 7: 742 (incl. Phragmopyxis 14:361, Ro- strupia, Barclayella 9:316) (b) Teleutospores moniliform; cells separating easily Xenodochus 7:750 (2) Uredospores catenate, at least at first (a) Wall of teleutospore thick; promycelium simple with a single sporidi- ole at apex Coleosporium 7:751 (incl. Stichopsora 16:318) (b) Wall of teleutospore thin ; promycelium 3-septate, with a sporidiole at each cell Chrysomyxa 7 : 759 2. Teleutospores longitudinally or obliquely septate a. Teleutospores developed within the host cells (i) Uredospores in a pseudoperidium; homoeciaus Thecopsora 7 : 764 (2) Uredospores lacking; heteroecioiis Calyptospora 7 : 766 b. Teleutospores developed outside the host cells Pucciniastrum 7 : 762 II. Teleutospores in a pseudoperidium 1. Teleutospores catenate, verrucose Endophyllum 7: 767 2. Teleutospores not catenate, echinulate Milesia 7 : 768 (incl. Uredinopsis 17: 269) USTILAGINACEAE loi Dictyosporae Teleutospores septate in two directions, or muriform I. Teleutospores more or less radiately 3-septate Triphragmium 7 : 768 (incl. Hapalophragmium 16: 1121) II. Teleutospores radiately 4-many-septate or muriform Ravenelia 7: 770 (incl. Sphaerophragmium 11: 209, Alveolaria 11:212, Hemileiop- sis 16:269, Anthomyces 16:325, Pleoravenelia and Neoravene- lia, 17:407) Family 59. USTILAGINACEAE 7:449, 9:282, 11:230, 14:410, 16:367, 17:472 Mycelium growing widely through parts of living plants, chiefly flowers and fruits, finally disappearing, leaving the mass of spores; spores producing upon germination a promycelium upon which sporidioles are borne. Amerosporae Spores i-celled I. Sori without a fungal involucre 1. Sporidioles typically pleurogenous on the promycelium a. Spores arising from a compact subgelatinous stroma Cintractia 7: 480 b. Spores not arising from a compact subgelatinous stroma Ustilago 7: 451 (incl. Anthracoidea 14:420) 2. Sporidioles many, acrogenous, crowning the promycelium a. Sori powdery at maturity (i) Sporidioles many, in a capitulum Neovossia 16:375 (2) Sporidioles not in a capitulum Tilletia 7:481 b. Sori not powdery at maturity (i) Spores catenate, then separating Sirentyloma 14:425 (2) Spores not catenate (a) Spores rostrate Rhamphospora 9:287 (b) Spores not rostrate X. In stems and leaves (x) Sori pustulate, pale or rust-brown Entyloma 7 : 487 (y) Sori explanate, widely expanded, black Melanotaenium 7 : 496 y. In roots (x) Spores conglobate in spheroid cysts Oedomyces 11:234 (y) Spores not conglobate Entorrhiza 7 : 497 102 USTILAGINACEAE z. In ovaries fUstilaginula 7 : 498 (Ustilagopsis) II. Sori with a fungal involucre 1. Spores in a powdery mass Sphacelotheca 7:499 2. Spores in a hard black crust Melanopsichium 17:484 Didymosporae Spores united by twos or 2-celled I. Spore-bearing hyphae tubular, enclosed in a stroma Mycosyrinx 17:484 II. Spore-bearing hyphae not in a stroma 1. Spores joined laterally by a narrow isthmus; sporidioles pleurogenous Schizonella 7 : 500 2. Spores joined horizontally and broadly; sporidioles acrogenous Schroeteria 7: 500 Dictyosporae Spores closely joined in masses, the latter appearing to be many-celled spores I. Spores or cells of each mass alike 1. Sporidioles pleurogenous or acrogenous ; usually not foliicole a. Promycelium simple Tolyposporium 7: 501 b. Promycelium branched Tolyposporella 14:427 2. Sporidioles acrogenous, typically foliicole a. Sporidioles numerous (i) Spore masses covered by a layer of sterile cells Doassansia 7:502 (incl. Cornuella, Burrillia 11 : 236) (2) Spore masses without a sterile layer Tuburcinia 7 : 507 b. Sporidioles solitary; sori reddish, usually fructicole Thecophora 7 : 507 3. Sporidioles unknown ; sori mostly very black Sorosporium 7:511 (incl. Poecilosporium 16:380) II. Spores or cells of two kinds in each mass, central few large, peripheral many, small 1. Sori of many sacks containing spore masses Polysaccopsis 16:381 2. Sori without sacks Urocystis 7:515 Class 5. BASIDIOMYCETES Spores produced on basidia, not inclosed in asci. Order 14. AGARICALES (HYMENOMYCETES) Basidia exposed on an even or modified hymenium, the latter usually in the form of gills, pores or teeth. TREMELLACEAE 103 Family 60. TREMELLACEAE 6:760, 9:257, 11:142, 14:244, 16:215, 17:203 Pjleus typically gelatinous and homogeneous, horny when dry, reviving when wet, sometimes waxy or leathery but then with divided basidia; hymenium typically amphigenous or superior, smooth or somewhat convolute; basidia globose to terete, transversely or lorgitudinally divided, or in one subfamily merely terete-clavate and furcate, 1-4-sterigmate ; spores globose to reniform and oblong, continuous or septate, producing sporidioles on germination ; conidia often present with the spores. Some gelatinous forms included in the following families on account of the character of the hymenium seem to belong properly in this family. Subfamily Auriculariae Basidia transversely septate, elongate or fusoid I. Pileus, or at least the hymenium, gelatinous 1. Entire pileus gelatinous a. Pileus verruciform or effuse (i) Basidia mixed with paraphyses Mylittopsis 14: 246 (2) Basidia without paraphyses (a) Spores not producing sporidioles on germination Platygloea 6: 771 (b) Spores producing sporidioles Helicogloea 11:145 b. Pileus disciform, cupulate or columnar (i) Pileus erect, filiform, columnar Eucronartium 17:211 (2) Pileus not columnar, disciform or cupulate (a) Basidia without sterigmata Auriculariella 6: 437 (b) Basidia with sterigmata X. Basidia 2-sterigmate ; pileus applanate Phlebophora 16:215 y. Basidia 3-4-sterigmate ; pileus pezizoid tCoUopezis 16:216 (Tjibodasia) 2. Pileus coriaceous or membranous, hymenium gelatinous a. Pileus coriaceous ; hymenium reticulate-costate Auricularia 6: 762 b. Pileus membranous ; hymenium smooth or plicate Hirneola 6: 764 [I. Pileus waxy, crust-like or byssoid 1. Pileus waxy or crust-like a. Pileus very minute, disciform, on a pedicel Pilacrella 14: 246 b. Pileus membranous, incrusting Jola 14:24c 2. Pileus byssoid a. Basidia without a sac near the base Stypinella 14:244 b. Basidia with a sack near the base Saccoblastia 14: 244 Subfamily Tremellae Basidia longitudinally 4-divided, or cruciate, globose or ovoid I. Spores alone present, i. e., homosporous 104 TREMELLACEAE 1. Pileus waxy or byssoid a. Pileus waxy, scarcely gelatinous (i) Pileus eiluse Protomerulius ii: 142 (2) Pileus cupulate or concave Hirneolina 17 : 208 b. Pileus byssoid Stypella 14:246 2. Pileus gelatinous a. Pileus covered with sterile setae, effuse Heterochaete 14: 247 b. Pileus without sterile setae (1) Pileus erect, clavate, columnar or spatulate (a) Pileus clavate, simple or branched Clavariopsis 16:219 (incl. Hyaloria 14: 252) (b) Pileus spatulate, large, simple Gyrocephalus 6: 795 (2) Pileus effuse, globose, cupulate or pulvinate (a) Spores i-celled X. Pileus cupulate, radicate Femsjonia 6: 779 y. Pileus pulvinate or effuse (y) Basidia in chains ; hymenium not cerebriform Sirobasidiutn 14:248 (y) Basidia not in chains ; hymenium cerebriform Tremella 6: 780 (inc. Naematelia 6 : 792) (b) Spores 2-4-celled, at least upon germination, reniform X. Spores 2-4-celled, sporidioles allantoid ; pileus truncate-cupulate or effuse Exidia 6: 772 y. Spores 2-celled, sporidioles straight; pileus pulvinate, gyrose Ulocolla 6: 777 II. Spores and conidia present, i. e., heterosporous 1. Pileus ascending and dendroid fCollodendrum 17:208 (Tremellodendron) 2. Pileus effuse to pulvinate a. Spores on the disk, conidia on the exciple CraterocoUa 6:778 b. Conidia and spores usually succeeding each other on the same area (i) Pileus cerebriform, pulvinate or effuse Tremella 6:780 (2) Pileus not cerebriform, crust-like (a) Spores reniform, conidia ovoid Sebacina 6:540 (b) Spores ovoid, conidia hamate Exidiopsis 14: 248 Subfamily Dacryomycetae Basidia terete-clavate, furcate above I. Pileus effuse, pulvinate or globose, typically sessile I. Spores septate, at least upon germination a. Pileus gyrose ; spores not horseshoe-shaped Dacryomyces 6: 796 b. Pileus tuberculiform ; spores horseshoe-shaped Delortia 6 : 795 CLAVARIACEAE 105 2. Spores not septate a. Spores hyaline; pileus more or less effuse, waxy Arrhytidia 6: 804 (incl. Ceracea 6 : 805) b. Spores colored; pileus subglobose Seismosarca 9:260 II. Pileus cupulate, clavate or foliose, typically stalked 1. Pileus irregularly cup-shaped, usually stipitate a. Pileus gelatinous or cartilaginous, cupulate Guepinia 6 : 805 b. Pileus leathery, hymenium gelatinous, cupulate-disciform Ditiola 6:813 2. Pileus erect, foliose-lobed fTremellastrum 17:193 (Tremellopsis) 3. Pileus capitate to lanceolate, stipitate a. Pileus capitate, head inflated, corrugate; stipe hollow (i) Homosporous Collyria 6:811 (2) Heterosporous Dacryopsis 11:149 b. Pileus clavate, club plicate Dacryomitra 6: 811 c. Pileus lanceolate, hanging Myxomycidium 16: 220 Family 61. CLAVARIACEAE 6:690, 9:247, 11:134, 14: -235. 16:203, 18:193 Hymenium not discrete from the hymenophore, amphigenous ; pileus more or less clavate or coralloid, subcarnose or leathery, simple or branched. I. Pileus with many crowded, leaf-like branches Sparassis 6 : 6go II. Branches not leaf-like 1. Pileus fleshy a. Branches fibrous-splitting Acurtis 6:691 b. Branches not splitting Clavaria 6:692 (incl. Phaeoclavulina 14: 238) 2. Pileus leathery, rarely subgelatinous a. Pileus somewhat gelatinous (i) Pileus capitate; cap hollow, inflated Baumanniella 14:244 (2) Pileus clavate or coralloid Calocera 6:732 b. Pileus leathery (i) Pileus tomentoEe Lachnocladium 6:738 (2) Pileus not tomentose (a) Pileus terete or compressed, dry, cartilaginous Pterula 6: 740 (incl. Phaecpterula 17:201) (b) Pileus simple, filiform or capitate Hirsutella 11: 140 X. Pileus capitate, inflated Physalacria 6: 759 V. Pileus more or less filiform io6 THELEPHORACEAE (x) Pileus clavulate with filiform stipe Typhula 6: 743 (y) Pileus linear or subclavate; stipe short or none Pistillaria 6: 752 Family 62. THELEPHORACEAE 6 : 513, 9 : 218, 11:115, 14 : 212, 16 : 181, 18 : 160 Hymenium inferior or amphigenous, leathery, waxy or membranous, smooth, i. e., without spines, pores, etc., sometimes somewhat ridged, or cracked; spores various. I. Not parasitic on algae 1. Pileus more or less gelatinous a. Pileus effuse (i) Spores hyaline Cerocorticium 16: 196 (2) Spores olivaceous Aldridgea 11: 129 b. Pileus convex to discoid Discocyphella 16:202 2. Pileus not gelatinous a. Hymenium somewhat ridged or roughened (i) Hymenium subcarnose, infundibuliform, costate Craterellus 6: 514 (2) Hymenium leathery (a) Hymenium woody, with radiating ridges, warty-roughened Cladoderris 6: 547 (b) Hymenium similar, but with fan-like ridges Beccariella 6: 550 b. Hymenium smooth, or absent (i) Hymenium present, smooth (a) Hymenium without cystidia X. Pileus urn-shaped, stipitate Hypolyssus 6: 521 y. Pileus typically crateriform to dimidiate (x) Pileus with distinct intermediate stratum Stereum 6: 551 (y) Pileus homogeneous or nearly so m. Pileus vertical, beautifully convolute, mitriform Skepperia 6 : 603 n. Pileus not convolute (m) Basidia not transeptate Thelephora 6: 521 (incl. Friesula 6: 685) (n) Basidia transeptate Septobasidium 11: 118 z. Pileus resupinate, effuse, rarely cupulate (x) Pileus not cupulate m. Hymenium waxy (m) Spores large, citriform Michenera 6: 652 (n) Spores medium, not citriform Corticium 6: 603 (incl. Kneiffia 6:510) n. Hymenium fleshy, spores minute, colored THELEPHORACEAE— HYDNACEAE 107 (m) Spores smooth Coniophora 6: 647 (n) Spores angular or aculeate Prillieuxia 14: 225 (y) Pileus cupulate or cylindric m. Pileus cupulate Cyphella 6:667 n. Pileus terete to cylindric Solenia 6: 424 (b) Hymenium with cystidia X. Cystidia simple (x) Cystidia hyaline Peniophora 6: 640 (incl. Coniophorella 17:183) (y) Cystidia colored Hymenochaete 6: 588 (incl. Lloydiella 16:1116) y. Cystidia septate Bonia 11:123 (2) Hymenium absent, or more or less cobwebby (a) Biogenous X. Hymenium endophytic Endobasidium 17: 190 y. Hymenium erumpent (x) Basidia circinate Helicobasidium 6:666 (y) Basidia not circinate m. Spores globose; on galls Urobasidum 11:131 n. Spores cylindric; on roots *Chrysobasidium 11:131 (Aureobasidium) o. Spores oblong; on leaves Exobasidium 6:664 (b) Saprogenous X. Spores septate, fuscous Heterobasidium 9 : 237 y. Spores i -celled, hyaline (x) Brown stellate hyphae present Asterostroma 9 : 236 (y) Brown stellate hyphae absent m. Basidia 4-spored Hypochnus 6: 653 n. Basidia 2-spored Matruchotia 11:118 (Cfr. Tulasnellaceae 14:234) n. Parasitic on algae 1. Algae Chroococcus Cora 6: 685 2. Algae Scytonema Rhipidonema 6:687 (Zahlbruckner 237) Family 63. HYDNACEAE 6:429, 9:208, 11:106, 14:201, 16:174, 18:147 Pileus cap-shaped to resupinate, fleshy, gelatinous, woody or leathery ; hymenium consisting of spines, teeth, or granules, rarely somewhat pore-like; spores various. I. Pileus more or less gelatinous 1. Gelatinous, stalked or dimidiate; with teeth Tremellodon 6:47q 2. Waxy-gelatinous, resupinate, with granules Grandiniella 14: 208 n. Pileus fleshy, woody or leathe.ry I. Hymenium of more or less subulate teeth or spines :o8 HYDNACEAE— POLYPORACEAE a. Pileus present (i) Perennial; woody fHydnophysa i6: 177 (Hydnofomes) (2) Not perennial (a) Pileus clavaria-like Hericium 6:478 (b) Pileus not clavaria-like X. Teeth free; mostly carnose (x) Pileus typically stalked Hydnum 6:430 (incl. Echinodontium 16: 176) (y) Pileus horizontal Sistotrema 6 : 480 y. Teeth connected at base; coriaceous (x) Cystidia lacking Irpex 6:482 (y) Cystidia present m. Cystidia subulate Asterodon ii:iii n. Cystidia stellate Hydnochaete 14: 211 b. Pileus lacking (i) Teeth on a membranous stibicle Caldesiella 6: 477 (2) Teeth without a subicle Mucronella 6: 512 2. Hymenium of granules, warts or folds a. Hymenium of granules or warts (1) Hymenium with penicillate-multifid warts Odontia 6: 506 (2) Hymenium with simple granules or warts (a) Hymenium porose-reticulate, granular Grammothele 6 : 505 (b) Hymenium with difform, obtuse cylindric warts Radulum 6 : 493 (incl. Phaeoradulum 16: 179) (c) Hymenium with globose hollowed granules Grandinia 6 : 500 b. Hymenium with folds or laminae (1) Hymenium with fold-like crests (a) Crests with edge entire Phlebia 6:497 (b) Crests with edge incised Lopharia 6:500 (2) Hymenium with anastomosing radiate laminae Thwaitesiella 11: 112 Farnily 64. POLYPORACEAE 6:1, 9: 150, 11:79, 14: 164, 16: 138, 17:95 Pileus cap-shaped, shelf-like, or resupinate, very rarely volvate or annulate, fleshy, leathery or woody, rarely gelatinous ; hymenium consisting of pores, very rarely somewhat lamellar; spores typically i-celled, hyaline or colored. I. Pileus fleshy, putrescent, or gelatinous I. Pileus fleshy a. Stipe volvate or annulate (i) Stipe volvate fBoletium 14:164 (Volvoboletus) POLYPORACEAE log (2) Stipe annulate Boletopsis 14: 164 b. Stipe not volvate or annulate (i) Stipe central, tubes usually not discrete from each other (a) Spores cylindric, minute tBactroboletus 16: 142 (Filoboletus) (b) Spores globose to fusoid X. Pileus and stipe beautifully squarrose-scaly Strobilomyces 6: 49 y. Pileus and stipe not squarrose-scaly (x) Layer of tubes separating readily from the hymenophore Boletus 6: 2 (incl. Suillus, Tylopilus 16: 142) (y) Layer of tubes not separating readily from the hymenophore m. Tubes not discrete from each other (m) Tubes radiate; hymenophore mucronate Boletinus 6: 51 (n) Tubes sinuose or gyrose ; hymenophore smooth Gyrodon 6: 51 n. Tubes discrete from each other Fistulinella 17: loi (2) Stipe lateral ; tubes discrete from each other Fistulina 6 : 54 2. Pileus gelatinous a. Stalked ; spores brown (i) Pileus single Rodwaya 16:172 (2) Pileus many, superimposed on the stipe Mycodendrum 9 : 206 b. Mostly sessile; spores hyaline Laschia 6:404 IL Pileus leathery, corky or woody, rarely tough-fleshy 1. Tubes gelatinous Gloeoporus 6: 403 2. Tubes not gelatinous a. Hymenium covered by a volva-like membrane Cryptoporus 17: 125 b. Hymenium not volvate (i) Tubes in several layers; perennial, woody Pomes 6: 150 (2) Tubes not stratified in layers (a) Tubes typically pore-like X. Tube layer distinct but not separable from the hymenophore ; tough- fleshy to leathery (x) Pileus thick, tough-fleshy, stalked or sessile Polyporus 6: 55 (incl. Laccocephalum 11:87) (y) Pileus thin, coriaceous or membranous m. Pileus stipitate to dimidiate (m) Tubes not spiny inside Polystictis 6: 208 (n) Tubes spiny inside Mucronoporus 9:188 n. Pileus resupinate Poria 6:292 no POLYPORACEAE— AGARICACEAE y. Tube layer not distinct from hymenophore; tubes often unequally sunken (x) Pileus suberose; typically sessile to resupinate m. Tubes subrotund Trametes 6 ; 334 (incl. Sclerodepsis 9: 194) n. Tubes not round, or of two forms (m) Tubes of two forms, one normal, the other loculiform, en- closed Myriadoporus 6:384 (n) Tubes alike, superficial r. Tubes hexagonal Hexagonia 6: 356 s. Tubes sinuose-labyrinthine, elongate Daedalea 6: 370 (y) Pileus leathery, membranous or waxy ; sessile m. Tubes immersed in discrete warts ; resupinate Porothelium 6:421 n. Tubes not immersed in warts (m) Tubes with a papilla in the center Theloporus 6:421 (n) Tubes reticulate-gyrose, not papillate Merulius 6:411 (incl. Poroptyche 9: 206) (b) Tubes lamella-like (see Daedalea also) X. Tubes of many little laminae Bresadolia 6:388 y. Tubes lamellose, in radiating series Favolus 6 : 390 z. Tubes really concentric lamellae Cydomyces 6: 389 Family 65. AGARICACEAE Pileus typically cap-shaped and stalked, rarely sessile and the hymenium above, fleshy to corky ; pileus sometimes enclosed in a cap veil which persists at the base of the stipe as a volva ; hymenium consisting of radiating lamellae or gills, often protected by a gill veil which remains on the stipe as a ring; gills covered with basidia, bearing typically 4 sterigmata and spores ; spores typically i-celled, hyaline or colored. Leucosporae 5:8, 9:1, II : I, 14:63, 16:1, 18:1 Spores colorless, or very dilutely colored even in spore prints, globose to fusoid, smooth or rough I. Edge of the gills entire, riot canaliculate or split I. Fleshy, putrescent, not reviving when wet a. Edge of the gills acute, not fold-like (i) Trama of the pileus not vesiculose; spores typically smooth (a) Gills more or less fleshy, readily separable into two layers X. Stipe central or nearly so (x) Hymenophore discrete from the fleshy stipe m. Stipe volvate AGARICACEAE m (m) Stipe annulate Amanita 5:8 (n) Stipe not annulate Amanitopsis 5 : 20 n. Stipe not volvate (m) Stipe annulate Lepiota 5:27 (n) Stipe not annulate Schulzeria 5:72 (y) Hymenophore homogeneous and confluent with the fleshy or fibrous- elastic stipe m. Stipe annulate, without a volva Armillaria 5 : 73 n. Stipe not annulate or volvate (m) Gills adnate or sinuate, not decurrent Tricholoma 5 : 87 (n) Gills typically decurrent Clitocybe 5: 141 (z) Hymenophore confluent with the cartilaginous stipe but hetero- geneous from it m. Gills not decurrent (m) Cap very thin, diaphanous Hiatula 5:305 (n) Cao not diaphanous r. Margin of the young cap turned in CoUybia 5 : 200 s. Margin of the young cap straight Mycena 5: 251 (incl. Eomycenella 17:21) n. Gills decurrent; cap umbilicate Omphalia 5: 308 y. Stipe excentric or none Pleurotus 5:339 (b) Gills waxy rather than fleshy, splitting with difficult}- Hygrophorus 5 : 387 (2) Trama of cap more or less vesiculose ; spores globose, spiny (a) Gills with milky, white or bright-colored sap Lactarius 5:423 (incl. Lactariopsis 17:30) (b) Gills with clear sap, if any Russula 5:453 b. Edge of gills obtuse or fold-like (i) Gills decurrent, dichotomous, somewhat waxy Cantharellus 5 : 482 (2) Gills not decurrent (a) Gills somewhat broad, obtuse Nyctalis 5:499 (b) Gills thin or obsolete X. Gills thin (x) Gills vein-like, fleshy Arrhenia 5 : 498 (y) Gills of two sorts, gelatinous (incl. Campanella 14: 100, Rim- bachia 11: 32) Stylobates 5 : 502 113 AGARIC ACE AE y. Gills obsolete Cymatella i6: 49 2. Fleshy-leathery, leathery, corky or woody, persistent, reviving when wet a. Fleshy-leathery or gelatinous-leathery (i) Gills distinct (a) Stipe discrete from the hymenophore X. Cap fleshy and tough or thin and leathery Marasmius 5: 503 (incl. Marasmiopsis 14: loi) y. Cap gelatinous-leathery Heliomyces 5 : 569 (b) Stipe and hymenophore continuous X. Edge of gills acute (x) Edge serrate Lentinus 5: 571 (incl. Lentodium 14: 121, Lento- diopsis 17:47) (y) Edge entire Panus 5:614 y. Edge of gills obtuse, gills dichotomous Xerotus 5 : 630 (2) Gills fold-like, edges canaliculate or crisp Trogia 5:635 b. Corky ( 1 ) Gills distinct (a) Gills tomentose Tilotus 5:652 (b) Gills smooth Lenzites 5:637 (2) Gills line-like, parallel, flcxuous Hymenogramme 5:652 II. Edge of gill split or appendiculate 1. Fleshy a. Stipe central ; edge of gills split Oudemansiella 5:653 b. Stipe lateral; edge v.ith appendages Pterophyllus 5 : 654 2. Membranous or coriaceous a. Membranous ; stipe central ; gills split into flexuous fragments Rhacophyllus 5 : 654 b. Coriaceous ; stipe none or lateral ; edge split and revolute Schizophyllum 5 : 654 Rhodosporae 5:656, 9:82, 11:43, 14:124, 16:69, 18:52 Spores rosy, salmon-colored or rosy-rust-colored in spore prints, paler under the miscoscope I. Stipe central I. Hymenophore discrete from the stipe a. Stipe volvate at base (i) Stipe annulate also (2) Stipe not annulate b. Stipe not volvate (i) Stipe annulate (2) Stipe not annulate (a) Fleshy ; gills free Metraria ( Volvaria ; j:82 5:656 Annularia 5:663 Pluteus 5: 665 AGARICACEAE ii3 (b) Tough; gills adnexed Schinzinia ii: 44 2. Hymenophore homogeneous and confluent with the stipe a. Gills decurrent (i) Stipe fleshy-fibrous Clitopilus 5 : 698 (2) Stipe cartilaginous Eccilia 5: 729 b. Gills adnexed, sinuate or free (i) Stipe fleshy-fibrous; gills sinuate Entoloma 5:679 (2) Stipe cartilaginous ; gills not sinuate (a) Cap convex ; margin at first inflexed Leptonia 5 : 706 (b) Cap campanulate; margin straight from the first Nolanea 5: 716 3. Hymenophore continuous with the cartilaginous . stipe, but different from it ; volvate Volvariella 16: 70 II. Stipe excentric or none; lignicole Claudopus 5:733 Ochrosporae S : 735, 9 : 90, 1 1 : 48, 14:131, 16 : 83, 18 : 62 Spores ochraceous or more or less rust-colored I. Gills not separating readily or naturally from hymenophore I. Gill veil not cobwebby a. Stipe central (1) Stipe volvate or annulate (a) Stipe volvate Locellina 5 : 761 (b) Stipe annulate Pholidota 5 : 736 (incl. Pholiotella 9 : 90') (2) Stipe not volvate or annulate (a) Gills not deliquescing X. Stipe fleshy (x) Gills adnate or decurrent Flammula 5 : 8og (y) Gills mostly sinuate m. Cap fibrillose, silky or scaly Inocybe 5 : 762 n. Cap smooth, more or less viscid Hebeloma s : 791 y. Stipe cartilaginous (x) Gills decurrent Tubaria 5:872 (y) Gills not decurrent m. Margin of cap inflexed at first Naucoria 5 : 828 n. Margin of cap straight (m) Stipe discrete from hymenophore; gills free Pluteolus 5 : 859 (n) Stipe homogeneous with hymenophore Galera 5 : 860 (b) Gills deliquescing Bolbitius 5:1073 b. Stipe excentric or none; lignicole Crepidotus 5:876 114 AGARICACEAE 2. Gill veil cobwebby, hanging curtain-like from the margin, often disappearing completely with age Cortinarius 5 : 889 II. Gills separating readily from the hymenophore; margin of cap persistently involute Paxillus 5 : 983 Melanosporae 5:991, 9:136, 11:69, 14:149, 16:112, 18:82 Spores purple, dark-purple to black I. Spores purple or dark-purple 1. Hymenophore discrete from stipe a. Stipe volvate at base (i) Stipe annulate Chitoniella 14: 149 (2) Stipe not annulate fChitonis 5:992 (Chitonia, Clarkeinda) b. Stipe not volvate (i) Stipe annulate Agaricus 5 : 993 (2) Stipe not annulate; gills free Pilosace 5: loio 2. Hymenophore continuous with stipe a. Stipe annulate Stropharia 5: 1012 b. Stipe not annulate; margin sometimes cortinate (i) Margin of cap cortinate; rarely subannulate Hypholoma 5: 1027 (2) Margin not cortinate (a) Gills decurrent Deconica 5: 1058 (b) Gills not decurrent X. Margin of cap inflexed at first Psilocybe 5:1043 y. Margin of cap straight Psathyra 5: 1060 II. Spores dark or black, not purple 1. Gills deliquescing Coprinus 5: 1078 2. Gills not deliquescing a. Gills united above to the hymenophore (1) Cap fleshy, fleshy-waxy or membranous (a) Gills waxy; spores globose, spiny Phaeohygrocybe 17:81 (b) Gills not waxy X. Margin of cap with a viscid cobwebby cortina Phaeolimacium 16: no y. Margin of cap not viscid-cortinate (x) Spores globose to elliptic m. Stipe annulate ; variegated gills exceeding the margin Anellaria 5: 1125 n. Stipe not annulate (m) Cap fleshy, not striate; variegated gills exceeding the margin Panaeolus 5: 1118 (n) Cap membranous, striate; uniform gills not exceeding the margin Psathyrella 5: 1126 PHALLACEAE "S (y) Spores elongate, fusoid ; gills decurrent Gomphidius 5: ii37 (2) Cap leathery-horny; spores minute, globose Anthracophyllum 5: 11 39 b. Gills free above, not united to the hyraenophore ; stipe dilated into a lamellar disk above Montagnites 5: 1140 Order 15. LYCOPERDALES (GASTEROMYCETES) Typically terrestrial, sometimes lignicole or hypogaeous, fleshy, leathery or mem- branous ; spores borne on basidia, in a receptacle or a peridium, continuous, hyaline or colored. Family 66. PHALLACEAE 7:2, 9:262, II; 153, 14:254, 16:224, 17:212 Receptacle arising from a volva, bearing outside or inside the sporiferous pulp or gleba, stalk-like, pileiform, or sessile and more or less clathrate I. Gleba covering the outside of receptacle; receptacle stalk-like, pileate or appendaged 1. Receptacle pileate ; gleba on outer surface of pileus a. Stalk with an appendage below the pileus (1) Appendage net-like; volva smooth Dictyophora 7:3 (2) Appendage collar-like; volva aculeate Echinophallus 16:226 b. Stalk without an appendage (1) Upper part of volva remaining with pileus, and enclosing the gleba Cryptophallus 14: 254 (2) Upper part of volva not enclosing gleba at maturity Ithyphallus 7 : 8 (incl. Alboffiella 16:227) 2. Receptacle without hanging pileus ; gleba borne directly on the apex of the stalk-like receptacle a. Receptacle without appendages (i) Receptacle floccose Floccimutinus 14:255 (2) Receptacle not floccose Mutinus 7: 12 (incl. Aporophallus Itajahya 11: 153, Jansia 16: 226) b. Receptacle or gleba with coralloid processes Kalchbrennera 7: 14 II. Gleba on the inside of the hollow receptacle, which is clathrate or lobed I. Receptacle hollow and clathrate, or formed of a few vertical branches joined at the apex a. Receptacle stalked (i) Gleba dimorphous, apex with sterile radiate laminae, lower part with convolute subclathrate lobes Dictyobole 17: 213 (2) Gleba not dimorphous (a) Receptacle hollow-clathrate, stalked ii6 LYCOPERDACEAE X. Openings polygonal Simblum 7: 16 y. Openings vertically elongate Colus7:2i (b) Receptacle of thin anastomosing branches, stipitiform at base Clathrella 16: 228 b. Receptacle sessile (i) Hollow-clathrate, or of a few united vertical branches Clathrus 7: 18 (2) Radiately loculate within Protubera 11: 155 2. Receptacle divided above into free laciniae or lobes a. Receptacle expanded above into a horizontal border which is laciniate at the margin Aseroe7:2S b. Receptacle divided directly into lobes (i) Lobes distinct from stalk in structure and color (a) Lobes without winged appendages Lysurus 7:22 (b) Lobes with membranous winged appendages Blumenavia 11: 154 (2) Lobes like the stalk in structure and color (a) Receptacle spheric, lobes contiguous Phallogaster 11: 155 (b) Receptacle elongate or cupulate ; lobes more or less spreading X. Lobes sporiferous Anthurus7:23 y. Lobes not sporiferous Calathiscus 7 : 24 Family 67. LYCOPERDACEAE 7:48, 9:266, ii:iS7, 14:257, 16:230, 17:217 Epigaeous, rarely hypogaeous or lignicole, peridium usually globose to pyriform, sessile or stipitate, membrano-coriaceous, furnished with a mouth or opening ir- regularly, enclosing a more or less powdery, often floccose, gleba; spores globose to ellipsoid, hyaline or colored, smooth or rough. L Peridium more or less completely traversed by a continuation of the stipe, i. e., a columella ; gleba lamellate or with membranous septa or more or less uniform Subfamily Podaxae 1. Gleba lamellate; capillitium none; peridium turbinate Gyrophragmium 7: 51 2. Gleba not lamellate, more or less divided by anastomosing septa, or uniform a. Gleba with septa (i) Capillitium none; stipe central, not volvate, short (a) Peridium with broad false radiate lamellae beneath Elasmomyces 14: 258 (b) Peridium without lamellae beneath Secotium 7: 51 (2) Capillitium present, filamentous ; stipe volvate Polyplocium 7 : 55 b. Gleba without septa or locules ; capillitium copious (l) Peridium subsessile; columella free, not touching the apex of the peridium (a) Epigaeous LYCOPERDACEAE 117 X. Columella cup-shaped; exoperidium areolate Cycloderma 7 : 56 y. Columella obturbinate; exoperidium splitting into lobes Geasteropsis 17:229 (b) Hypogaeous ; spores subfusoid Mesophellia 7: 56 (2) Peridiura stipitate; columella touching the apex of the peridium (a) Peridium splitting longitudinally, or laterally lacerate X. Peridium opening lengthwise by valves Chaenoderma 9:268 y. Peridium laterally lacerate Cauloglossum 7:57 (b) Peridium opening horizontally or circularly X. Peridium opening around the stipe Podaxon 7: 58 y. Peridium opening circularly around the middle t Sphaerocybis 7 : 60 (Sphaericeps) II. Peridium typically without a columella, with exo- and endoperidium ; gleba floccose, rarely septate Subfamily Geasterae 1. Peridium stalked a. Inner peridium alone persistent (i) Peridium fixed to stipe, with distinct mouth Tylostoma 7 : 60 (2) Peridium easily separable from stipe; mouth none Queletia 7 : 65 b. Both peridial layers persistent (i) Exoperidium forming a volva about the stipe (a) Endoperidium convex ; spores on upper surface Battarea 7: 65 (b) Endoperidium hemispheric; spores within t Podoloma 17: 223 (Battareopsis) (2) Exoperidium not volvate ; inner peridium with a mouth (a) Endoperidium with plicate-sulcate mouth; capillitium copious Husseya 7:67 (b) Endoperidium suspended free in cavity of exoperidium, mouth with bright-colored scales Mitromyces 7: 68 2. Exoperidium sessile, typically stellate-laciniate, containing i or more endoperidia a. Endoperidium one (i) Spores borne on the inside (a) Exoperidium closed Diploderma 7: 92 (b) Exoperidium opening stellately or circularly X. Exoperidium stellate (x) Endoperidium dehiscent, usually by a mouth; capillitium present Geaster 7 : 70 (y) Endoperidium indehiscent ; capillitium none Stella 9: 272 ii8 LYCOPERDACEAE y. Exoperidium cup-shaped, mouth minute, ciliate Diplocystis 7 : 92 (2) Spores borne on the outside of endoperidium ; stellate Trichaster 7 : 93 b. Endoperidia several (1) Mycelium crust-like; capillitium not hollow Broomeia 7: 93 (2) Mycelium not crust-like; capillitium hollow Coelomyces 7: 94 III. Peridium without a columella ; exoperidium lacking or consisting of a papery or spiny cortex; gleba floccose Subfamily Lycoperdae 1. Peridium with a distinct, stalk-like sterile base; exoperidium spiny or warty Lycoperdon 7 : 106 2. Peridium without sterile base; gleba fertile throughout a. Peridium sessile or nearly so (i) Capillitium a dense elastic mass discrete from the peridium (a) Peridium persistent Lanopila7:95 (b) Peridium falling away Eriosphaera 7 : 96 (2) Capillitium not dense elastic and discrete (a) Peridium persistent X. Mouth at apex, or lacking Eovista 7 : 96 y. Mouth at base when in the ground Catastoma 11: 165 (b) Peridium entirely falling away Lycoperdopsis 16:243 b. Peridium stipitate; exoperidium dehiscing above along undulating folds Calvatia 7: 105 IV. Peridium without columella ; gleba with cell-like spaces, often containing sporangioles, or powdery Subfamily Sclerodermatae I. Gleba without sporangioles, finally powdery a. Peridium none ; gleba naked, subcylindric Gytnnoglossuin 11: 158 b. Peridium present, enclosing the gleba (1) Peridium sessile or nearly so (a) Peridium not dehiscent x. Gleba reticulate-veined, hard Corditubera 14: 266 y. Gleba not reticulate-veined, somewhat floccose (x) Spores globose Hippoperdon 7: 133 (y) Spores fusiform Castoreum 7:142 (b) Peridium dehiscent stellately or irregularly Scleroderma 7: 134 (incl. Caloderma 16:243) (2) Peridium stalked (a) Peridium not dehiscent, clavate fCorynogaster 14:266 (Clavogaster) (b) Peridium dehiscent LYCOPERDACEAE— HYMEXOGASTR.\CEAE 119 X. Peridium clavate, splitting above and entirely disappearing Favillea 7 : 146 y. Peridium globoid, not entirely disappearing (x) Stipe hollow ; peridium dehiscing irregularly, or rimose Phellorina 7: 145 (y) Stipe not hollow m. Peridium many-lobed; stipe fibrous-woody Xylopodium 7 : 143 n. Peridium reticulately dehiscent; stipe solid Areolaria 7 : 144 2. Gleba containing numerous sporangioles a. Sporangioles fleshy or gelatinous (i) Peridium stipitate; stipe with persistent cupulate volva Dictyocephalus 17:238 (2) Peridium not volvate, sessile or with stipe-like base (a) Parasitic in glumes ; peridium not dehiscent Testicularia 7 : 150 (b) Terrestrial or parasitic on roots X. Peridium with sterile stipe-like base, mucose-cellular within Polysaccum 7: 146 y. Peridium sessile, fleshy-cellular within Polygaster 7: 146 b. Sporangioles membranous, not fleshy or gelatinous (i) Peridium corkj'; sporangioles round Arachnium 7:150 (2) Peridium membranous; sporangioles cylindric, gyrose Scoleciocarpus 7: 151 (3) Peridium hard ; sporangioles large, flexuous Paurocotylis 7 : 152 Family 68. HYMENOGASTRACEAE 7:154, 9:280, 11:168, 14:267, 16:245, 17:239 Tx-pically subterranean, very rarely epigaeoiis, mycelium often persistent; peridi- um not opening at maturity, wall occasionally lacking, more or less globose; gleba fleshy or gelatinous, putrescent, more or less cellular or loculate, capillitium none. I. Peridium wall present, distinct I. Peridium easily separating from the gleba a. Peridium volvate (i) Peridium silk)-, reticulate-sulcate ; volva gelatinous Clathrogaster 16:250 (2) Peridium waxy-gelatinous, not sulcate Torrendia 17:241 b. Peridium not volvate (i) Peridium vertical, elongate-cylindric ; basidia 2-spored Protoglossum 11:158 (2) Peridium more or less globose 120 HYMENOGASTRACEAE— NIDULARIACEAE (a) Endosporium and exosporium separated by a hyaline mucus Leucogaster g : 281 (b) Endosporium and exosporium contiguous X. Spores elliptic to lanceolate, smooth Hysterangium 7: 155 y. Spores globose, rough or spiny (x) Peridium lanate; basidia usually 7-spored Sclerogaster ii:i6g (y) Peridium not lanate ; basidia 3-4-spored m. Gleba with a sterile base, radicate Octaviania 7: 158 n. Gleba without a sterile base, not radicate Martellia 16:252 2. Peridium separating from the gleba with difficulty or not at all a. Peridium covered with thread-like masses of mycelium (i) Spores hyaline Rhizopogon 7 : 161 (2) Spores colored Melanogaster 7: 164 b. Peridium without thread-like masses of mycelium (i) Spores spiny (a) Gleba percurrent by a commella Arcangeliella 16:255 (b) Gleba without a columella Hydnangium 7: 175 (2) Spores not spiny, smooth, verrucose, rugose, etc. (a) Gleba with branching columella and sterile base Dendrogaster 17:240 (b) Gleba without columella or sterile base Hymenogaster 7: 168 (incl. Chamonixia, Leucophleps 16:251) II. Peridium wall lacking 1. Hypogaeous a. Spores elliptic, striate-sulcate Gautiera ^^■^^^ b. Spores globose, spiny or warty Gymnomyces 16:249 2. Epigaeous; spores globose, warty Macowanites 7:179 Family 69. NIDULARIACEAE 7 ; 28, 9 : 265, II : 156, 14 : 256, 16 : 229, 17 : 214 Epigaeous, firaicole or lignicole, funnel-shaped to cup-shaped, leathery, con- taining one to many lentiform or globoid sporangioles, the latter attached by a cord to the wall of the peridium ; spores elliptic, smooth. I. Peridium single I. Peridium with several to many sporangioles a. Peridium torn at the apex in opening Nidularia 7 : 28 b. Peridium opening by a deciduous membrane (i) Sporangioles attached to wall by a cord (a) Spores mixed with filaments ; peridium of three united layers Cyathus 7 : 32 PHOMATACEAE 121 (b) Spores not mixed with filaments; peridium of a single cottony layer Crucibulum 7 : 43 (2) Sporangioles densely crowded in a glutinous substance Nidula 17: 215 2. Peridium with a single gelatinous sporangiole Dacryobolus 7 : 45 II. Peridium double, outer stellate, inner with a single viscous sporangiole Sphaerobolus 7: 46 FUNGI IMPERFECTI Secondary or propagative stages of other fungi, largely Ascomycetes, charac- terized by the presence of conidia borne in perithecia-like or disk-like structures, on a stroma, or on a mycelial mass. Many of these forms have been connected by means of experiment with the corresponding perfect stage, but the vast majority of them are found alone in nature. Order 16. PHOMATALES (Sphaeropsideae Sacc. 3:1) Conidia borne on simple or branched threads, so-called basidia, in pycnidia ; pycnidia globose, conic, elongate, dimidiate, disk-shaped or cup-shaped, membranous, carbonous, coriaceous or somewhat fleshy, usually black, sometimes bright-colored. Family 70. PHOMATACEAE (Sphaerioidaceae 3:1) Pycnidia globose, conic or lens-like, membranous, carbonous or subcoriaceous, black, immersed, or superficial, separate or in a stroma; conidia from i to many- celled, hyaline or dark. Hyalosporae 3:1, 10:100, 11:472, 14:844, 16:825, 18:220 Conidia i-celled, hyaline, globose, ovoid or oblong, often curved I. Pycnidia separate I. Pycnidia smooth a. Pycnidia borne in discolored areas, i. e., maculicole Phyllosticta 3 : 3 b. Pycnidia not maculicole (l) Conidia single, not in chains (a) Conidia muticate, not ciliate or trigonous X. Subicle none (x) Pycnidia muticate or papillate, not rostrate or cylindric m. Pycnidia erumpent or immersed (m) Basidia i-spored, mostly short r. Pycnidia papillate (r) Growing on lichens Lichenosticta 16:851 (s) Not lichenicole h. Basidia hamate Phomopsis 18:264 122 PHOMATACEAE i. Basidia not hamate (h) Conidia less than ism Phoma 3 : 65 (i) Conidia IS M or more long Macrophoma 10: i8g s. Pycnidia astomous or irregularly dehiscent (r) Pycnidia subcarnose, sclerotioid h. Conidia obtuse at both ends Plenodomus 3:184 i. Conidia acute at both ends Sclerotiopsis 3: 184 (s) Pycnidia carbonous, circumscissile Piptostomum 3: 183 (n) Basidia several-spored, branched Dendrophoma 3:178 n. Pycnidia superficial (m) Pycnidia dense in asteroma-like spots Asteromella 3:182 (n) Pycnidia not in such spots r. Pycnidia globose or nearly so (r) Basidia short, straight Aposphaeria 3: i6g (s) Basidia beautifully circinate Pyrenotrichum 3: 184 (t) Basidia none Mycogala 3 : 185 s. Pycnidia turbinate, carnose Crocicreas 3 : 183 (y) Pycnidia rostrate or cylindric m. Pycnidia globose, rostrate Sphaeronaema 3:185 n. Pycnidia cylindric Glutinium 1 1 : 500 y. Subicle present (x) Subicle white, cobwebby Cicinnobolus 3:216 (incl. Byssocystis 11:502) (y) Subicle dark m. Subicle usually radiate Asteroma 3:201 n. Subicle not radiate Chaetophoma 3: 199 (b) Conidia ciliate, forked or angled X. Conidia ciliate at apex (x) Apex i-ciliate Strasseria 18:284 (y) Apex several-ciliate Neottiospora 3: 216 y. Conidia forked or angled (x) Conidia Y-like; subicle present Ypsilonia 3: 215 (y) Conidia trigonous Trigonosporium 16:892 (2) Conidia in chains HYALOSPORAE 123 (a) Chains of spores simple or nearly so Sirococcus 3: 217 (b) Chains of spores connected, often net-like Peckia 3: 217 2. Pycnidia with hairs or bristles a. Bristles stellate; conidia ovoid Staurochaeta 3:218 b. Bristles simple (i) Basidia usually simple, conidia fusoid Vermicularia 3: 221 (2) Basidia usually branched, conidia oblong Pyrenochaeta 3:219 II. Pycnidia in a stroma I. Stroma globose, conic or valsa-like a. Conidia in chains *Sirodothis b. Conidia single (1) Stroma globose, conic or pulvinate (a) Stroma more or less globose or pulvinate X. Stroma unilocular Dothiopsis 10:228 y. Stroma several- or many-locular (x) Pycnidia distinct m. Pycnidia aggregate in a basal stroma Dothiorella 3:235 n. Pycnidia more deeply immersed (m) Necks not joined in one ostiole Lamyella 11: 510 (n) Necks joined in a single ostiole Torsellia 11:510 (y) Pycnidia merely locules in the stroma m. Locules several, not numerous Rabenhorstia 3 : 243 n. Locules very numerous Fuckelia 3 : 244 (b) Stroma conic-truncate, conidia bacillar Ceuthospora 3:277 (2) Stroma valsa-like (a) Conidia fusoid or bacillar Fusicoccum 3:247 (b) Conidia allantoid Cytospora 3: 252 (c) Conidia globose or ovoid Cytosporella 3:251 2. Stroma applanate, effuse or linear a. Stroma linear, conidia connate in fours Gamosporella 10:238 b. Stroma applanate or effuse (1) Growing on leaves and stems PlacoEphaeria 3:244 (2) Growing on fungi Anthracoderma 10: 238 Of Uncertain Position. Manginia 18:266. a Phoma with micro- and macropycnidia 124 PHOMATACEAE Phaeosporae 3:291, 10:251, 11:511, 14:919, 16:905, 18:302 Conidia i-celled, dark, globose, ovoid or oblong I. Pycnidia separate 1. Pycnidia without mycelium or subicle a. Pycnidia smooth, not hairy (i) Conidia in chains, globose Sirothecium 10:270 (2) Conidia not in chains (a) Pycnidia sessile, spheroid X. Pycnidia beaked Naemosphaera 10: 259 y. Pycnidia not beaked (x) Pycnidia with a distinct orbicular .locule Hypocenia 3 : 320 (y) Pycnidia without such a locule m. Conidia on long basidia (m) Pycnidia thin, white-lacerate at top Harknessia 3:320 (n) Pycnidia subcarbonous, not lacerate Sphaeropsis 3: 291 n. Basidia very short or obsolete Coniothyrium 3 : 305 (b) Pycnidia stipitate, clavate Levieuxia 3 : 321 b. Pycnidia hairy or setose Chaetomella 3: 321 2. Pycnidia with distinct mycelium or subicle a. Pycnidia astomous, in a dark subicle Cspnodiastrum 10: 272 b. Pycnidia perforate, with basal hyphae Cicinnobella 18:302 II. Pycnidia cespitose or in a stroma 1. Pycnidia in dense erumpent clusters Haplosporella 3:323 2. Pycnidia in a definite stroma a. Stroma applanate or effuse, foliicole Discomycetopsis 11:517 b. Stroma dot-like, discoid or hemispheric (i) Stroma dot-like, immersed Melanconiopsis 16:915 (2) Stroma discoid to hemispheric (a) Stroma discoid; spores large Nothopatella 11:517 (b) Stroma pulvinate ; spores minute, catenulate Cytoplea 3:325 (c) Stroma hemispheric ; pycnidia circinate tCircinastrum 3 : 325 (Weinmannodora) Hyalodidymae 3:384, 10:29s, 11:522, 14:942, 16:925, 18:335 Conidia hyaline, i-septate, ovoid, ellipsoid or oblong I. Pycnidia separate I. Pycnidia not beaked a. Pycnidia in discolored areas, maculicole PHAEODIDYMAE 12S (1) Pycnidia immersed, then erumpent, perforate (a) Conidia muticate Ascochyta 3:384 (b) Conidia with setae at the apex Robillardia 3:407 (2) Pycnidia superficial, astomous Pucciniospora 10: 317 b. Pycnidia not maculicole (1) Pycnidia hairy Didymochaete 14: 953 (Vermiculariella 16:940) (2) Pycnidia smooth (a) Conidia with an appendage at each end X. Conidia with i or more bristles Darluca 3:410 y. Conidia with cap-like appendages Tiarospora 10:311 (b) Conidia muticate X. Basidia i-spored (x) Pycnidia on a cobwebby subicle, phyllogenous Actinonema 3 : 408 (y) Pycnidia without subicle, ramicole Diplodina 3:411 y. Basidia several-many-spored Cystotricha 3: 413 2. Pycnidia beaked Rhynchophoma 3:414 II. Pycnidia in a stroma 1. Stroma effuse a. Stroma consisting of two distinct layers Thoracella 16:941 b. Stroma of a single layer Placosphaerella 14: 948 2. Stroma verruciform a. Stroma superficial Pazschkella 16:528 b. Stroma erumpent Cytodiplospora 11:942 Phaeodidymae 2:329, 10:27s, 11:518, 14:927, 16:915, 18:319 Spores dark, i-septate, ovoid to oblong I. Pycnidia separate 1. Pycnidia beaked a. Pycnidia hairy Rhynchodiplodia 18: 329 b. Pycnidia smooth Pellioniella 18:329 2. Pycnidia not beaked a. Pycnidia hairy Chaetodiplodia 3 : 374 b. Pycnidia smooth (i) Conidia with a mucous layer, very large Macrodiplodia 3:374 (2) Conidia without a mucous layer (a) Pycnidia erumpent X. Conidia i-ciliate at apex *Chaetocoms 10:337 (Kellermannia in part) y. Conidia muticate (x) Conidia less than 15 ix long Microdiplodia 18:323 126 PHOMATACEAE (y) Conidia iSM or more long Diplodia 3:329 (b) Pycnidia supcrlkial, lignicolc Diplodiella 3: 375 II. Pycnidia cespitose or in a stroma 1. Pycnidia cespitose Botryodiplodia 3: 377 2. Pycnidia in a stroma a. Pycnidia and subicle cnqlosed' in a hemispheric stroma Lasiodiplodia 14:939 b. Pycnidia without subicle, in a globose stroma Diplodiopsis 18: 335 Hyalophragmiae 3:418, 10:330, 11: 533, 14:962, 16:947, 18:358 Conidia hyaline, 2-several-septalc, oblong to fusoid I. Pycnidia more or less globose 1. Subicle none a. Conidia appcndaged at apex (i) Seta I Kellermannia 10:337 (2) Setae 3 Bartalinia 16:951 b. Conidia niuticate Stagonospora 3:445 2. Subicle present, dark, phylloginous Asteromidium 10: 338 II. Pycnidia elongate to cylindric Mastomyces 3:456 Phaeophragmiae 3:418, 10:317, 11:528, 14:953, 16:943, 18:362 Conidia hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Pycnidia separate I. Conidia free from each other a. Conidia muticate (1) Pycnidia papillate or subastomous (a) Pycnidia with flattened base Macrobatis 11:532 (b) Pycnidia globose, without flattened base X. Pycnidia on a stellate subicle, superficial Couturea 3:442 y. Pycnidia without a subicle, crumpent (x) Pycnidia hairy Wojnowicia 14: 960 (y) Pycnidia smooth Hendersonia 3: 418 (2) Pycnidia opening widely, with an operculum (a) Pycnidia superficial, dark, hairy Angiopoma 3:442 (b) Pycnidia immersed, pale, smooth Lichenopsis 3:442 b. Conidia appendaged (i) Conidia i-ciliate at each end Cryptostictis 3 : 443 (2) Conidia i-ciliate at base by the basidium fUroconis 18:368 (Urohendersonia) (3) Conidia with a round or cup-like appendage at each end Santiella 16: 947 HYALODICTYAE-SCOLECOSPORAE "^^-J ■2. Conidia united in groups a. Conidia united into a fascicle Eriosporina 11:532 b. Conidia stellately united Prosthemium 3 : 444 II. Pycnidia locules in a stroma Hendersonula 3 : 445 Hyalodictyae 16: 955 Conidia hyaline, muriform, o\oid or oblong I. Pycnidia erumpent, papillate tHyalothyris 16:955 (Hyalothyridium) Phaeodictyae 3 : 459, 10 : 338, 11: 536, 14 : 964, 16 : 951, 18 : 369 Conidia dark, muriform, oblong to ovoid, rarely radiate or cruciate I. Pycnidia separate 1. Conidia not reticulately roughened a. Pycnidia corticole, erumpent Camarosporium 3:459 b. Pycnidia xylogenous, subsuperficial Cytosporium 3 : 470 2. Conidia reticulately roughened Endobotrya 3:470 II. Pycnidia locules in a stroma Dichomera 3:471 Scolecosporae 3:474, 10:349, 11:538, 14:967, 16:956, 18:376 Conidia hyaline or dilutely colored, elongate-fusoid, bacillar or filiform, continuous or septate. I. Pycnidia separate I. Pycnidia membranous or carbonous a. Pycnidia superficial (i) Pycnidia hairy (a) Conidia single on the basidia TrichocoUonema 18 : 404 (b) Conidia ternate on the basidia Gamospora 10:402 (2) Pycnidia smooth (a) Pycnidia beaked Cornularia 3:598 (b) Pycnidia not beaked X. Conidia usually expelled in a ball CoUonema 10:397 y. Conidia not expelled in a ball Septorella 14:981 b. Pycnidia immersed or erumpent (1) Pycnidia hairy, maculicole Trichoseptoria 1 1 : 548 (2) Pycnidia smooth (a) Pycnidia beaked Sphaerographium 3: 596 (b) Pycnidia not beaked X. Pycnidia maculicole, phyllogenous Septoria 3:474 y. Pycnidia not maculicole (x) Pycnidia complete at top, usually papillate Rhabdospora 3 : 578 128 ZYTHIACEAE (y) Pycnidia more or less incomplete at top m. Pycnidia gaping, showing a gelatinous spore mass Gelatinosporium 3 : 596 n. Pycnidia not exposing a gelatinous mass (m) Pycnidia foliicole (n) Pycnidia rami-caulicole 2. Pycnidia suberose, incomplete, often pale a. Pycnidia cespitose b. Pycnidia merely gregarious II. Pycnidia in a stroma 1. Conidia 4-6 fasciculate on a basidium 2. Conidia separate a. Conidia setose-penicillate b. Conidia muticate (i) Stroma superficial, setose (2) Stroma erumpent or immersed (a) Pycnidia distinct in the stroma (b) Pycnidia locules in the stroma Phleospora 3: 577 Phlyctaena 3:593 Micropera 3 : 604 Micula 3 : 604 Eriospora 3 : 600 Dilophospora 3: 600 fMerodothidis 18:405 (Septodothideopsis) Cytosporina 3 : 601 Septosporiella 10:403 Family 71. ZYTHIACEAE (Nectrioidaceae Sacc. 3 : 613) Pycnidia, and stromata when present, fleshy or waxy, light-colored, white, yellow, red or orange, globose, more rarely cup-shaped or hysterioid ; conidia various, mostly hyaline. Subfamily Zythiae Pycnidia more or less globose Hyalosporae 3:613, 10 : 404, 1 1 : 552, 14 : 988, I. Pycnidia separate I. Pycnidia smooth a. Pycnidia beakless 16 : 983, 18 : 407 Sirozythia 18:410 Eurotiopsis 10:406 Roumegueriella 3 : 616 (1) Conidia in chains (2) Conidia not catenulate (a) Pycnidia on creeping hyphae (b) Pycnidia without mycelium X. Conidia spiny or ciliate (x) Conidia spiny (y) Conidia with several cilia at apex Ciliospora 18:410 y. Conidia smooth (x) Pycnidia single-walled m. Pycnidia more or less papillate Zythia 3: 614 ZYTHIACEAE I2y n. Pycnidia with crateriform ostiole Libertiella 3: 616 o. Pycnidia cup-shaped Lemalis 3:672 (y) Pycnidia with outer circumscissile wall Dichlaena 3 : 620 b. Pycnidia beaked Sphaeronaemella 3:617 2. Pycnidia hairy or spiny a. Pycnidia densely beset with conoid i-celled setae Muricularia 3 : 218 b. Pycnidia with slender bristles or hairs (i) Hairs fasciculate Collocystis 3:616 (2) Hairs separate (a) Hairs everywhere but at the apex Chaetozythia 10:406 (b) Hairs only around the wide ostiole Pseudozythia 18:409 (J. Pycnidia cespitose or in a stroma 1. Pycnidia cespitose, beaked ; conidia in chains Treleasiella 14:989 2. Pycnidia in a stroma a. Stroma more or less pulvinate ; conidia fusoid Aschersonia 3:619 b. Stroma f ruticose branched ; conidia bacillar Hypocreodendrum 14:992 Phaeosporae 10:409, 18:416 Conidia dark, i -celled, globose to oblong I. Pycnidia separate, beaked; basidia obsolete Ampullaria 18:416 J I. Pycnidia in a stroma Martinella 10:409 Hyalodidymae 3:621, 10:409, 11: 553. 16:986, 18:416 Conidia hyaline or nearly so, i-septate, ovoid to oblong I. Basidia simple or nearly so Pseudodiplodia 3:621 II. Basidia dendroid branched Diplozythia 18:417 Hyalophragmiae 3:621, 10:410, 18:417 Conidia hyaline, several-septate, elliptic to fusoid I. Conidia oblong- fusoid Stagonopsis 3: 621 II. Conidia 4- radiate, with septate radii Chiastospora 3:621 Scolecosporae 3:622, 10:410, 18:418 Conidia hyaline, bacillar or filiform, continuous or septate I. Pycnidia separate 130 ZYTHIACEAE— LEPTOSTROMATACEAE 1. Pycnidia beakless, almost discoid Trichocrea 10:410 2. Pycnidia beaked; conidia i-ciliate Mycorhynchus 18:418 II. Pycnidia in a stroma; conidia hamate Polystigmina 3:622 Subfamily Patellinae Pycnidia cupulate or hysterioid Hyalosporae 3:622, 10:411, li:SS3, 18:419 Conidia hyaline, l-celled, globose to oblong I. Pycnidia separate 1. Pycnidia cup-shaped a. Pycnidia smooth (i) Pycnidia carnose; basidia simple, cylindric Patellina 3 : 622 (2) Pycnidia submembranous ; basidia branched Ollula 10: 411 b. Pycnidia hairy (1) Conidia in chains *Sirocyphis (2) Conidia not in chains Cyphina 3:623 2. Pycnidia flattened, oblong, cleft Hysteromyxa 3:622 II. Pycnidia in a stroma 1. Stroma suberose, white Munkia 10:408 2. Stroma corneous, black fPycnostroma 18:415 (Aschersoniopsis) Hyalophragmiae II : 553 Conidia hyaline, several-septate, oblong I. Pycnidia immersed, waxy Pseudostictis 11:553 Scolecosporae 10:411 Conidia hyaline, filiform, continuous I. Pycnidia waxy, cup-shaped, on a white subicle Trichosperma 10:411 Family 72. LEPTOSTROMATACEAE Pycnidia membranous or carbonous, black, more or less distinctly dimidiate, scutiforra, astomous, ostiolate or cleft, erumpent or superficial. Hyalosporae 3:62s, 10:412, 11:553, 14:992, 16:986, 18:419 Conidia hyaline, l-celled, globose to oblong I. Pycnidia separate I. Pycnidia astomous or variously perforate, but not cleft a. Basidia lacking LEPTOSTROMATACEAE '31 (i) Pycnidia on a subicle (a) Subicle of fumaginous hyphae Eriothyrium 10:418 (b) Subicle of broad fibers fTrichopeltium 10: 418 (Trichopeltulum) (2) Pycnidia without subicle (a) Conidia muticate X. Pycnidia stellately divided or cleft Actinothecium 3 : 638 y. Pycnidia depressed-clypeate, not stellate Leptothyrium 3 : 626 (Sacidium 3 : 649) (b) Conidia setulose at each end Tracyella 18:424 b. Basidia present, cylindric Piggotia 3:636 2. Pycnidia more or less clearly cleft lengthwise a. Pycnidia elongate or lanceolate Leptostroma 3:639 b. Pycnidia subcircular Labrella 3 : 647 II. Pycnidia in a stroma 1. Stroma phyllogenous Melasmia 3: 637 2. Stroma growing on animal hair? Trichophila 10:423 Phaeosporae 3 : 653, 10 : 423, 14 : 996, 18 : 429 Conidia dark, i-celled, globose to oblong I. Pycnidia separate 1. Pycnidia on a dark subicle, radiately dehiscent Asterostomella 10:423 2. Pycnidia not on a subicle a. Conidia conglobate, verrucose Discomycopsella 18:429 b. Conidia not conglobate, smooth Pirostoma 3:653 TI. Pycnidia in a stroma 1. Stroma membranous a. Pycnidia distinct, exserted Peltostroma 18:430 b. Pycnidia merely locules, immersed Lasmenia 10: 425 2. Stroma carbonous ; locules many, immersed Poropeltis 18:430 Hyalodidymae 10:426, 11: 557. 18:431 Conidia hyaline, i-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Pycnidia separate 1. Pycnidia astomous or variously perforate, not cleft a. Conidia muticate Leptothyrella 10:426 b. Conidia cuspidate at apex, falcate Kabatia 18:433 2. Pycnidia cleft lengthwise, elongate Fioriella 18: 432 .11. Pycnidia in a stroma, rimose Pseudomelasmia 18: 434 J32 LEPTOSTROMATACEAE Phaeodidymae 10:426, 18:431 Conidia dark, i-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Pycnidia separate a. Pycnidia ostiolate Diplopeltis 10:426 b. Pycnidia longitudinally cleft Holcomyces 18:431 II. Pycnidia in a stroma, ostiolate Seynesiopsis 18: 431 Hyalophragmiae 3:653, 10:426, ii:SS7, 14:996, 16:992, 18:434 Conidia hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Pycnidia astomous or ostiolate, not cleft 1. Conidia muticate; pycnidia with creeping hyphae Asterothyrium 18:434 2. Conidia ciliate a. Conidia fusoid, i-ciliate at each end Discosia 3 : 653 b. Conidia cruciate, each arm i-ciliate Entomosporium 3:657 II. Pycnidia rimose dehiscent Cystothyrium 10:427 Phaeophragmiae 14:997, 18:43s Conidia dark, i-several-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Pycnidia separate, rimose-gaping ; conidia i -ciliate each way Labridium 14:997 II. Pycnidia in a stroma; conidia muticate, finally black Phragmopeltis 18:435 Scolecosporae 3:658, 10:428, 11:557. 14:997, 16:992, 18:436 Conidia normally hyaline, bacillar or filiform, continuous or septate I. Pycnidia astomous or opening variously 1. Pycnidia with a round ostiole; conidia catenate Crandallia 14:998 2. Pycnidia astomous or irregularly dehiscent a. Pycnidia with radiate-fimbriate margin Actinothyrium 3:658 b. Pycnidia not radiate-fimbriate (i) Pycnidia of two kinds, small simple and large loculate Brunchorstia 10:431 (2) Pycnidia of one kind (a) Conidia muticate X. Pycnidia corrugate, not hairy; conidia not separating Melophia 3 : 658 y. Pycnidia hairy; conidia separating into joints Chaetopeltis 14: 998 (b) Conidia ciliate-penicillate at apex Giulia 18:435, EXCIPULACEAE I33 II. Pycnidia elongate, longitudinally cleft 1. Basidia simple, bacillar Leptostromella 3 : 659 2. Basidia urabellately branched *Petasodes 14:998 Family 73. EXCIPULACEAE Pycnidia membranous or carbonous, black, cup-shaped, patellate or hysterioid, at first more or less spheric, but at length widely open, erumpent or superficial, glabrous or hairy. Hyalosporae 3:66s, 10:432, 11:558, 14:999, 16:993, 18:436 Conidia hyaline, i -celled, globose to oblong I. Pycnidia pilose or setose 1. Conidia muticate ; pycnidia cupulate Amerosporium 3:680 2. Conidia ciliate ; pycnidia cupulate a. Conidia several-ciliate at apex Polynema 3 : 687 b. Conidia i-ciliate at each end Dinemasporium 3 : 683 II. Pycnidia smooth or nearly so 1. Pycnidia more or less cup-shaped, or disciform a. Pycnidia composed of conglutinate dark hyphae Godroniella 3 : 665 b. Pycnidia with cellular context (i) Pycnidia cup-like when mature, sometimes obconoid (a) Basidia simple X. Pycnidia cup-shaped Excipula 3:665 y. Pycnidia terete-conic Catinula 3:673 (b) Basidia branched . Heteropatella 3:670 (2) Pycnidia subglobose-collabent, disciform or verruciform (a) Pycnidia subglobose, irregularly dehiscent and coUabent Dothichiza 3: 671 (b) Pycnidia disciform, often imperfect and covered by epiderm Discula 3 : 674 (c) Pycnidia verruciform; conidia mucose-involute Agyriellopsis 18:438 2. Pycnidia hysterioid or valvately gaping a. Pycnidia widely hysterioid Psilospora 3 : 679 b. Pycnidia valvately gaping (i) Basidia typically branched Sporonema 3:677 (2) Basidia simple or none Pleococcum 3: 679 Phaeosporae 10:439, 18:441 Conidia dark, i-celled, globose to oblong I. Pycnidia patellate, smooth Phaeodiscula 10:439 II. Pycnidia cupulate, setulose at margin fConiothjrris 10:439 (Coniothyriella) 134 EXCIPULACEAE Hyalodidymae 3:687, 10:440, 11:560, 14:1002, 16:993, 18:442 Conidia hyaline, i-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Pycnidia discoid or patellate 1. Pycnidia discoid, veiled; basidia simple Discella 3:687 2. Pycnidia patellate, subsuperficial ; basidia branched Pseudopatella 3: 688 II. Pycnidia hysterioid or irregularly gaping 1. Pycnidia hysterioid, elongate Scaphidium 18:443 2. Pycnidia globose, then irregularly gaping; conidia catenate Siropatella 18:443 Hyalophragmiae 3:688, 10:441, 11:560, 14:1002, 18:443 Conidia hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Pycnidia cupulate or subcupulate 1. Pycnidia smooth; conidia sometimes l-ciliate Excipulina 3 : 688 2. Pycnidia setulose a. Conidia fusoid, inner cells somewhat colored Excipularia 3 : 68g b. Conidia X-shaped, entirely hyaline Acanthothecium 10:442 II. Pycnidia discoid and inequal, margin lacerate Pilidium 3 : 689 Phaeophragmiae 10:443, 18:444 Conidia dark, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid I. Pycnidia hysterioid; conidia not catenate Dichaenopsis 18:444 II. Pycnidia laciniately dehiscent; conidia catenate Taeniophora 10:443 Scolecosporae 3 : 690, 10 : 443, 14 : 1002, 16 : 993, 18 : 445 Conidia typically hyaline, bacillar or filiform, continuous or septate I. Pycnidia separate 1. Conidia separating at the joints Schizothyrella 3:690 (incl. Pseudocenangium 10:445) 2. Conidia not separating a. Pycnidia discoid, margin lacerate; conidia filiform Protostegia 3: 690 b. Pycnidia mostly cupulate, not lacerate ; conidia hamate Oncospora 3: 691 II. Pycnidia in a stroma, pezizoid Ephelis 3 : 691 MELANCONIACEAE i3S Order 17. MELANCONIALES Family 74. MELANCONIACEAE Pycnidia lacking, or reduced to a stratum merely; strata typically bearing basidia of various sorts upon which conidia arise, forming masses or acervuli, which are immersed or erumpent, black, gray or light-colored, waxy, corneous or even sub- membranous. Hyalosporae 3 : 698, 10 : 446, II : 562, 14 : 1004, 16 : 995, 18 : 447 Conidia hyaline, i-celled, globose to oblong, rarely dilutely colored I. Conidia muticate 1. Masses, or acervuli, not setose a. Conidia not catenate (i) Masses bright-colored, subtremelloid Hainesia 3 : 6g8 (2) Masses gray to black, rarely bright-colored, waxy or horny (a) Masses gray, rarely bright-colored, waxy X. Growing on leaves or fruits for the most part Gloeosporium 3: 699 y. Growing usually on twigs of trees or shrubs Myxosporium 3:722 (b) Masses black, discoid, horny Melanostroma 3:728 b. Conidia in chains (1) Masses oblong, hysterioid, dark, hard Hypodermium 3: 728 (2) Masses discoid, pulvinate or conoid (a) Masses bright-colored, softish Myxosporella 3:729 (b) Masses dark to black X. Basidia repeatedly branched (x) Masses discoid; basidia dichotomous Blennoria 3:730 (y) Masses depressed-pulvinate ; basidia verticillate Agyriella 3 : 731 (z) Masses perithecioid ; basidia irregularly branched *Hormyllium 3:733 y.. Basidia simple (x) Masses perithecioid, black *Thecostroma 3:752 (y) Masses scutellate, olive or ashen Myxormia 3 : 734 (z) Masses truncate, black below, pale above Bloxamia 3: 734 2. Masses setose at margin ; basidia short, fasciculate CoUetotrichum 3 : 735 II. Conidia aristate with a branched awn at apex Pestalozziella 3: 737 136 MELANCONIACEAE Phaeosporae 3:749, 10:471, 11:571, 14:1018, 16:1008, 18:469 Conidia dark, i-celled, globose to oblong or fusoid I. Conidia solitary on the basidia 1. Conidia globose or oblong Melanconium 3:749 2. Conidia fusoid, often arcuate a. Basidia not swollen at base Cryptomela 3:760 b. Basidia swollen at base Basiascum 10:474 II. Conidia in chains 1. Conidial chains separate Trullula 3:731 2. Conidial chains in a mucose head Thyrsidium 3: 761 Hyalodidymae 3 : 766, 10 : 47S, II : 572, 14 : 1020, 16 : 1009, 18 : 472 Conidia hyaline or nearly so, i-septate, ovoid to fusoid I. Conidia muticate 1. Saprogenous, on stems and fruits Septomyxa 3:766 2. Biogenous, typically on leaves Marsonia 3:767 II. Conidia 3-4-ciliate at each end Gloeosporiella 11:575 Phaeodidymae ■3:763, 10:47s, 11:572, 14:1029, 16:1009 Conidia dark, i-septate, ovoid to fusoid I. Conidia solitary 1. Conidia muticate Didymosporium 3 : 763 2. Conidia 1-3-ciliate at apex Neobarclaya 14:46, 10:475 II. Conidia catenate, connected by hyaline isthmi Bullaria 3 : 766 Hyalophragmiae 3:801, 10:480, 11:57s, 14:1022, 16:1012, 18:474 Conidia hyaline, 2-several-septate, oblong to fusoid or clavate I. Conidia separate 1. Conidia muticate a. Conidia oblong or fusoid, masses usually pale Septogloeum 3:801 b. Conidia long-clavate ; masses dark Rhopalidium 3:801 2. Conidia i-several-ciliate, usually at the apex Pestalozzina 11:580 II. Conidia united at base into a radiate or stellate group Prosthemiella 3 : 803 (incl. Psammina 10:498) Phaeophragmiae 3:771, 10:480, II: 575, 14:1022, 16:1012, 18:475 Conidia dark, at least in part, 2-several-septate, oblong to cylindric MELANCONIACEAE '37 I. Conidia muticate 1. Conidia separate, not in chains a. Conidia oblong or elongate (i) Conidia curved-attenuate, i. e., hyaline-rostrate (a) Conidia dark, except the hyaline beak ScolecoEporium 3:782 (b) Conidia with 2 inner cells opaque, others clear Toxosporium 14: 1030 (2) Conidia oblong, not rostrate (a) Conidia cirrhose protruded and atro-inquinant Stilbospora 3:771 (b) Conidia not protruded and atro-inquinant Coryneum 3: 774 b. Conidia stellate-lobed, lobes several-septate Asterosporium 3 : 782 2. Conidia in chains a. Conidia connected by filiform isthmi Siridium 3:782 b. Conidia chains without isthmi S.iridiella 11:580 (incl. Septotrullula 18:487) II. Conidia ciliate 1. Conidia ciliate at apex alone a. Conidia i-ciliate Monochaetia 18: 485 b. Conidia several-ciliate Pestalozzia 3:784 2. Conidia i-ciliate at each end Hyaloceras 3:783 (incl. Amphichaeta 18:486) Phaeodictyae 3 : 803, 10 ; 508, 1 1 : 56s, 14 : I035, 16 : 1022, 18 : 488 Conidia dark, muriform, ovoid or oblong [. Conidia muticate 1. Conidia not catenate Steganosporium 3:803 2. Conidia catenate by cylindric isthmi Phragmotrichum 3 : 806 II. Conidia pluriciliate at apex ; end cells subhyaline Morinia 10: 508 Scolecosporae 3:737. 10:498, 11:582, 14:1031, 16:1018, 18:488 Conidia cylindric, filiform or suballantoid, hyaline, mostly continuous I. Conidia allaiitoid Naemospora 3:746 II. Conidia bacillar to filiform 1. Conidia fasciculate at the apex of the basidia Trichodytes 14: 1031 2. Conidia solitary a. Masses white or pale, foliicole ; conidia filiform Cylindrosporium 3:737, 18:491 b. Masses gray or dark, usually ramicole ; conidia falcate Cryptosporium 3 : 740 138 MONILIACEAE c. Masses bright-colored, saprophytic ; conidia falcate Libertella 3 : 744 Staurosporae 18 : 493 Conidia star-shaped, hyaline I. Masses phyllogenous, bright-colored ; conidia 4-radiate Asteroconium 18:493 Order 18. MONILIALES (Hyphomyceteae Sacc. 4:1) Hyphae more or less developed, cobwebby or more or less compacted, but rarely arising from a definite stratum or stroma, never enclosed in a pycnidium, typically superficial. Family 75. MONILIACEAE (Mucedineae 4:2) Hyphae hyaline or bright-colored, more or less fragile, lax, not cohering in fas- cicles; conidia concolorous, i. e., hyaline or bright-colored. Hyalosporae 4:2, 10:510, 11:586, 14:1037, 16:1023, 18:495 Conidia hyaline, or bright-colored, i-celled, globose, ovoid to short-cylindric Micronemeae Hyphae very short or obsolete, or little different from the conidia I. Conidia not in chains 1. Conidia solitary, at least not capitate a. Saprogenous (1) Hyphae none (a) Conidia separate Chromosporium 4: 6 (b) Conidia joined in twos or threes, not catenate Selenotila 11:587 (2) Hyphae very short, branched, septate Coccospora 4: g b. Entomogenous Massospora 4: 10 (incl. Sorosporella 10:512) c. Phytogenous (i) In fungi (a) Conidia ovoid, smooth Myceliophthora 11: 587 (b) Conidia globose, verrucose Coccosporella 11:586 (2) In leaves (a) Hyphae paliform, stipate, very short Microstroma 4:9 (b) Hyphae vermiform-tortuose ; biophilous Ophiocladiutn 11:587 2. Conidia capitate ; hyphae lacking ; biophilous Glomerularia 4: 10 HYALOSPORAE i,3'; ri. Conidia in chains 1. Saprophilous a. Conidial chains arising in the hyphae (i) Conidial branches simple, arcuate Malbrar.chea 4: 11 (2) Conidial branches dichotomous, not arcuate Glycophila 4: 11 b. Chains arising at the apex of the hyphae (.1) Conidin globose, elliptic or fusiform (a) Hyphae short, simple or nearly so X. Conidia globose or suboblong Oospora 4: 11 y. Conidia fusoid, acute each v.?y Fusidium 4:25 (b) Hyphae longer, distinctly branched Monilia 4: 31 (incl. Halobyssus 11:588) (2) Conidia bacillar or cuboid (a) Hyphae nearly obsolete ; conidia bacillar Cylindrium 4:36 (b) Hyphae distinctly present X. Conidia bacillar Polyscytalum 4: 38 y. Conidia cuboid Geotrichum 4:39 2. Biophilous a. Growing within leaf tissue Oidiopsis 18:507 b. Growing on leaves or other parts (1) Conidia ellipsoid, without isthmi Oidium 4:40 (2) Conidia globose, connected by isthmi Paepalopsis 4: 47 Macronemeae Hyphae elongate and distinct from the conidia I. Conidia in heads Cephalosporiae I. Conidia not catenulate a. Conidia globose or oblong (i) Conidia sessile on the head or nearly so (a) Fertile hyphae inflated at apex X. Apical vesicle globose-inflated (x) Conidia sessile, not mucus-covered m. Vesicle verrucose or muriculate (m) Fertile hyphae simple Oedocephalum 4:47 (n) Fertile hyphae sigmoid, much branched Sigmoideomyces 10:523 n. Vesicle hexagonally areolate Rhopalomyces 4 : 50 (y) Conidia on stalks, mucus-covered Gliocephalus 16: 1031 y. Vesicle clavate or lobed (x) Vesicle disk-shaped, stellate-lobed Coronella 4: 51 140 MONILIACEAE (y) Vesicle clavate or subpalmate Buseella 18:509 (b) Fertile hyphae not inflated at apex X. Conidial head covered with mucus (x) Fertile hyphae simple Hyalopus 4:51 (y) Fertile hyphae with verticillate branches at tip Gliobotrys 18:510 y. Head without mucus (x) Fertile hyphae with one head m. Conidia not separating Papulospora 4 : 58 n. Conidia separating (m) Head elongate Doratomyces 4: 53 (n) Head globose or slightly clavate r. Sterile hyphae scanty Haplctrichum 4: 53 s. Sterile hyphae long, decumbent Cephalosporium 4:56 (y) Fertile hyphae with 2-several heads m. Conidia upright on verticillate basidia Coemansiella 4:55 n. Conidia in more definite heads (m) Fertile hyphae simple, with 3-several heads of conidia on spines Botryosporium 4: 54 (n) Fertile hyphae several times 2-3-fid Trichoderma 4:59 (2) Conidia borne on little stalks or sterigmata (a) Fertile hyphae simple Corethropsis 4: 62 (b) Fertile hyphae verticillate branched Spicularia 4: 63 b. Conidia short cylindric (i) Conidia without mucus Cylindrocephalum 4: 63 (2) Conidia covered with mucus Acontium 18:512 2. Conidia catenulate Aspergillae a. Fertile hyphae inflated at apex (1) Fertile hyphae simple or nearly so (a) Sterigmata of apical vesicle none or simple X. Conidia terminal on sterigmata Aspergillus 4: 64 y. Conidia lateral and terminal on sterigmata Dimargaris 4: 76 (b) Sterigmata verticillate branched Sterigmatocystis 4: 71 (incl. AUiospora 18:516) (2) Fertile hyphae dichotomous, branches curved Dispira 4: 77 b. Fertile hyphae little or not at all inflated (l) Fertile hyphae verticillately branched at tip (a) Tips equally verticillate; conidia doliiform Amblyosporium 4:77 (b) Tips unequally verticillate; conidia globoid HYALOSPORAE 141 X. Conidia without mucus Penicillium 4: 78 (incl. Citromyces 11: 593) y. Conidia enclosed in mucus Gliocladium 4:84 (2) Fertile hyphae not verticillate at tip Briarea 4:85 II. Conidia borne irregularly on simple or branched but not inflated or verticillate hyphae Botrytidae I. Conidia smooth or scarcely roughened a. Saprogenous (1) Conidia typically pleurogenous (a) Fertile hyphae 2-several-furcate Haplaria4:85 (b) Fertile hyphae simple or nearly so X. Conidia globose or ellipsoid Acladium 4:87 y. Conidia short cylindric Cylindrotrichum 4: 88 (2) Conidia acrogenous or pleurogenous (a) Some intermediate joints of the hyphae swollen and denticulate conidia- bearing Physospora 4:88 (b) Intermediate joints equal X. Conidia-bearing hyphae of two sorts, the upright alone denticulate Blastomyces 10:529 y. Conidia-bearing hyphae of one sort (x) Fertile hyphae simple or nearly so m. Hyphae not denticulate; conidia solitary (m) Hyphae forming a crust-like stratum Hyphoderma 4: 89 (n) Hyphae loose, cobwebby Acremonium 4:89 (incl. Thermomyces 18:524) n. Hvphae denticulate; conidia usually grouped (m) Hyphae everywhere denticulate, bearing conidia only at tip Xenopus 18: 524 (n) Hyphae denticulate or proUferous at tip alone r. Apex denticulate, many-spored Rhinotrichum 4: 91 s. Apex inflated-ampulliform, i-spored Olpitrichum 1 1 : 594 (y) Fertile hyphae branched m. Conidia globose to ovoid (m) Both sterile and fertile hyphae procumbent r. Sterile hyphae intracellular Hartigiella 16: 1031 s. Sterile hyphae superficial (r) Fertile hyphae vaguely branched h. Conidia acro-pleurogenous Sporotrichum 4:96 (incl. Leiosepium 16:1036) i. Conidia on a one-sided sympodium Monopodium 10:544 142 MONILIACEAE (s) Fertile hyphae dichotomous ; conidia acrogenous on spiiie- like branches Langloisula lo: 535 (n) Fertile hyphae erect or ascending r. Conidia solitary acrogenous (r) Fertile hyphae spiny-branched at apex Plectothrix 18:525 (s) Fertile hyphae not spiny-branched Monosporium 4: 113 (incl. Allescheriella 14: 1075) s. Conidia loosely grouped about the apex (r) Conidia not involved in mucus h. Conidia on inflated muriculate apices Phymatotrichum 16: 1033 i. Apices not muriculate or inflated Botrytis 4: 116 (s) Conidia involved in mucus Tolypomyria 4: 137 n. Conidia fusoid to cylindric (m) Fertile hyphae mostly procumbent Sporotrichella 10:534 (n) Fertile hyphae erect or ascending r. Conidia fusoid on the upper side of curved branches Martensella 4: 138 s. Conidia acrogenous (r) Conidia-bearing branches terete Cylindrophora 4: 138 (s) Conidia-bearing branches ellipsoid Cylindrodendrum 4: 139 b. Biogenous (i) Conidia smooth, solitary, more rarely subcatenate Ovularia 4: 139 (incl. Ovulariopsis 16: 1036) (2) Conidia densely spiny Ramulaspera 18:532 2. Conidia muricate or tuberculose-stellate a. Conidia globose (i) Conidia merely muricate (a) Hyphae loose, cobwebby Sepedonium 4: 146 (b) Hyphae woven into a subgelatinous pellicle Pellicularia 4 : 149 (2) Conidia setose at apex as well as muricate Chaetoconidium 10:544 b. Conidia tuberculose-stellate Asterophora 4: 148 UI. Conidia acrogenous on verticillate branches Verticilliae T. Conidia solitary or loosely grouped, not in chains HYALOSPORAE— HYALODIDYMAE 143 a. Conidia-bearing branches very short, ampulHform Pachybasium 4: 149 b. Conidia-bearing branches terete or longer (i) Conidia globose to ovoid (a) Tips of branches clavate, in twos rectangularly Verticilliopsis 11: 600 (b) Tips of branches normal X. Conidia conglutinate into a stratum Corymbomyces 18:533 y. Conidia not conglutinate (x) Conidia separating readily from the tips Verticillium 4: 150 (y) Conidia separating with difficulty from the tips Cladobotryum 4: 160 (2) Conidia cylindric or elongate (a) Conidia-bearing branches or sporophores i-spored X. Sporophores straight Acrocylindrium 4: 161 y. Sporophores uncinate Uncigera 4: 162 (b) Sporophores several-spored X. Sporophore inflated verrucose at apex Calcarisporium 4: 162 y. Sporophore incurved, with seriate conidia below Coemansia 4: 162 2. Conidia capitate or densely spicate, not in chains a. Conidia sessile (1) Conidia capitate, involved in mucus (a) Fertile hyphae smooth Acrostalagmus 4: 163 (incl. Harziella 16: 1037) (b) Fertile hyphae asperate Gloeosphaera 18:535 (2) Conidia densely spirally spicate at apices Clonostachys 4: 165 b. Conidia on small stalks Sceptromyces 4: 166 3. Conidia in chains Spicaria 4: 166 (incl. Nomuraea 18: 533) IV. Joints of the hyphae inflated here and there and bearing pleurogenous conidia Gonatobotrytae 1. Joints smooth a. Conidia catenulate Gonatorrhodum 4: 169 b. Conidia solitary Nematogonium 4: 170 2. Joints muricate or punctate a. Conidia solitary Gonatobotrys 4: 168 b. Conidia catenulate, forming a spheric head Gonatorrhodiella 10: 548 Hyalodidymae 4:176, 10:548, 11:600, 14:1057, 16:1038, 18:539 Conidia hyaline or bright-colored, l-septate, ovoid oblong or short fusoid 144 MONILIACEAE I. Conidia not in chains 1. Saprophilus a. Conidia smooth (i) Fertile hyphae simple or nearly so (a) Hyphae inflated at apex or joints X. Hyphae denticulate inflated at apex; conidia fusoid Diplorhinotrichum 18:540 y. Hyphae inflated at both apex and joints Arthrobotrys 4: 181 (b) Hyphae not inflated X. Conidia spirally pleurogenous Haplariopsis 18:539 y. Conidia solitary acrogenous or capitate (x) Conidia capitate at apex Cephalothecium 4: 180 (y) Conidia solitary at apex m. Fertile hyphae long Trichothecium 4: 178 n. Fertile hyphae very short Didymopsis 4: 182 (2) Fertile hyphae branched (a) Fertile hyphae irregularly branched Diplosporium 4: 178 (b) Fertile hyphae verticillate or dichotomous X. Fertile hyphae verticillate Diplocladium 4: 176 y. Fertile hyphae dichotomous ; sterigmata subternate Cylindrocladium 11:600 b. Conidia echinulate ; conidial cells unequal Mycogone 4: 183 2. Biophilous a. Conidia obliquely beaked Rhynchosporium 18:540 b. Conidia not beaked (1) Hyphae mostly simple, not spirally twisted Didymaria 4: 184 (2) Hyphae simple, spirally twisted Bostrichonema 4: 185 n. Conidia catenulate 1. Fertile hyphae simple, short Hormiactis 4:186 2. Fertile hyphae verticillately branched Didymocladium 4: 186 Hyalophragmiae 4:188, 10:551, 11:601, 14:1059, 16:1041, 18:544 Conidia hyaline or bright-colored, 2-several-septate, oblong, fusoid or elongate Micronemeae Fertile hyphae very short and little different from the conidia I. Conidia in chains, cylindric or oblong Septocylindrium 4:223 n. Conidia not in chains 1. Sporophore 3-celled, upper cell much inflated Milowia 4: 222 2. Sporophore not inflated, sometimes obsolete HYALOPHRAGMIAE— HYALODICTYAE MS a. Conidia ciliate at apex and upper septum Mastigosporium 4:220 b. Conidia not ciliate (1) Hyphae lacking; conidia not aggregate Fusoma 4: 220 (2) Hyphae distinct; conidia aggregate (a) Conidia in mucose glomerules Rotaea 4: 222 (b) Conidia in fascicles, not mucose Paraspora 4:222 Macronemeae Fertile hyphae manifest and distinct from the conidia I. Saprophilous 1. Conidia solitary or at least not capitate a. Fertile hyphae simple (i) Sterile hj'phae lacking Dactylella 4: 193 (2) Sterile hyphae abundant Monacrosporium 4: 193 b. Fertile hyphae branched (i) Hyphae verticillately branched Dactylium 4: 188 (2) Hyphae irregularly branched Blastotrichum 4:191 2. Conidia capitate a. Fertile hyphae vesiculose at tip; fimicole Cephaliophora 18: 544 b. Fertile hyphae not swollen (1) Hyphae simple; sterile lacking Dactylaria 4:194 (2) Hyphae verticillate ; sterile hyphae present Mucrosporium 4: 190 n. Biophilous 1. Conidia mucose-congjobate, allantoid, often continuous Allantospora 14: 1043 2. Conidia not mucose-conglobate a. Conidia ciliate at apex *Trichoconis 18:545 b. Conidia not ciliate (i) Conidia ovate-cylindric or elongate, often catenate Ramularia 4: ig6 (2) Conidia obclavate-piriform Piricularia 4: 217 (3) Conidia long vermiform Cercosporella 4: 218 Hyalodictyae II : 608, 18: 561 Conidia hyaline, or bright-colored, muriform, ovoid to globose or cubic I. Hyphae much branched; conidia elliptic or globose, cells uniform Stemphyliopsis 18:561 n. Hyphae little branched; conidia six-lobed and sarciniform, central cell larger, colored, lobes hyaline Synthetospora 11:608 Staurosporae 4:230, 10:567, 11:608, 14:1067, 16:1049, 18:559 Conidia hyaline or bright-colored, stellate, radiate or forked, septate or continuous 146 DEMATIACEAE I. Hyphae lacking; conidia trident-shaped Tridentaria 4: 231 II. Hyphae present 1. Conidia globose to cylindric, permanently attached to 2-3 divergent stengmata Tetracladium 14: 1067 2. Conidia themselves stellate or radiate a. Conidia bilobate-f orked ; lobes parallel, contiguous Pedilospora 18:559 b. Conidia narrowly digitate Prismaria 4:230 c. Conidia 3-4-radiate (i) Conidia ciliate at the apex Titaea 4: 231 (2) Conidia muticate (a) Conidia 3-radiate Trinacrium 4: 231 (b) Conidia 4-radiate X. Fertile hyphae very short, simple Tetracium 18:560 y. Fertile hyphae branched Lemonniera 14: 1067 Helicosporae 4:233, 10:568, 11:608 Conidia hyaline or bright-colored, spirally curved, cylindric I. Hyphae very short; conidia spiral Helicomyces 4: 233 II. Hyphae various ; conidia spirally twisted into a conic or ovate tube Helicoum 11: 609 Family 76. DEMATIACEAE Hyphae dark or black, cobwebby, loose, usually rigid, not cohering in definite fascicles ; conidia typically dark and concolorous, but sometimes the hyphae are dark and conidia clear, or the conidia dark and the hyphae clear. This family is parallel with the Moniliaceae and certain intermediate forms must be sought in both places. Amerosporae 2:23s, 10:569, 11:610, 14:1068, 16:1059, 18:563 Conidia dark, or sometimes hyaline but the hyphae then dark, i-celled, globose to oblong. Micronemeae Hyphae very short or scarcely different from the conidia. I. Conidia not in chains 1. Conidia globose to elliptic a. Sterile hyphae nearly obsolete Coniosporium 4: 238 b. Sterile hyphae elongate Cordelia 10:586 2. Conidia elongate, usually fusoid Fusella 4: 246 II. Conidia in chains 1. Conidia of two sorts, larger catenate, smaller glomerate Heterobotrys 4: 267 2. Conidia all alike AMEROSPORAE '47 a. Hyphae dark (i) Chains breaking up readily (a) Conidia globose or ovoid Torula 4: 247 (b) Conidia clavate Gongromeriza 4:263 (2) Chains breaking up with difficulty (a) Chains curved Gyroceras 4: 266 (b) Chains straight or nearly so Hormiscium 4: 263 b. Hyphae hyaline Torulina 18 : 566 III. Conidia in heads or racemes; conidia usually piriform Echinobotryum 4: 268 Macronemeae Hyphae manifest and distinct from the conidia I. Conidia dark, rarely subhyaline I. Conidia not in chains a. Conidia capitate (l) Fertile hyphae simple, but often with short apical branches (a) Hyphae with apical branches or basidia X. Biophilous Periconiella 4: 275 y. Saprophilous (x) Apex with heterogeneous basidia m. Apex swollen; basidia 3-4 Haplobasidium 10:578 11. Apex not swollen ; basidia many Stachybotrys 4:269 (y) Apex short-branched, rarely simple m. Apex short-branched or simple (m) Apex not swollen Periconia 4: 270 (n) Apex swollen Stachybotryella 18: 570 n. Apex capitate-branched ; branches 2-3-f urcate and spine-bearing Cephalotrichum 4: 275 (b) Hyphae without apical branches or basidia X. Conidia globose Trichobotrys 18:571 y. Conidia boat-shaped curved ; hyphae dark-ringed Camptoum 4: 276 z. Conidia fusoid, sometimes subhyaline Acrotheca 4: 276 (2) Fertile hyphae branched below the apex (a) Hyphae forked below apex; conidia oblong Synsporium 4:278 (b) Hyphae repeatedly dichotomous ; conidia globose or elliptic Dicyma 18:570 b. Conidia verticillate-pleurogenous (1) Hyphae dark nodose-inflated; conidia ovoid Gonatobotrjnim 4: 278 (2) Hyphae hyaline, dark-ringed (a) Conidia globose-angulose Goniosporium 4: 280 (b) Conidia fusoid Arthrinium 4: 279 148 DEMATIACEAE c. Conidia inserted irregularly (i) Hyphae loose, typically saprogenous (a) Hyphae vesiculose-inflated here and there X. Conidia-bearing vesicles pleurogenous Oedemium 4: 297 y. Conidia-bearing vesicles acrogenous Cystophora 4:298 (b) Hyphae not vesiculose-inflated X. Fertile hyphae erect (x) Branches circinate at apex; conidia mesogenous, muricate Acrospira 4:282, 14:1056 (y) Branches spirally twisted; conidia exogenous Streptothrix 4: 282 (z) Hyphae simple or with straight branches Virgaria 4: 280 y. All hyphae more or less creeping (x) Branches curved or lash-like Campsotrichum 4: 295 (y) Branches not curved m. Conidia spiny, rarely smooth Zygodesmus 4:283 n. Conidia smooth (m) Conidia sessile Trichosporium 4: 288 (n) Conidia on stalks or basidia r. Conidia on tooth-like sterigmata Rhinocladium 4: 295 s. Conidia on jar-like basidia Basisporium 18:533 (2) Hyphae forming a crust, biogenous Glenospora 4:298 d. Conidia solitary, acrogenous (l) Fertile hyphae simple (a) Sterile hyphae lacking x. Fertile hyphae short and fascicled at base Hadrotrichum 4: 301 y. Fertile hyphae longer, separate Monotospora 4:299 (b) Sterile hyphae present x. Conidia with a loose hyaline membrane fPhaeoconis 18:571 (Nigrospora) y. Conidia without a membrane (x) Conidia with a large shining gutta Sporoglena 14: 1074 (y) Conidia without a shining gutta Acremoniella 4:302 (incl. Cordelia 10:586) AMEROSPORAE i49 (2) Hyphae branched ; conidium at first enclosed in a vesicle from which it escapes at the apex Conioscypha 18: 572 2. Conidia in chains a. Sterile hyphae all creeping or obsolete (1) Conidia of two kinds; larger catenulate fuscous, smaller internal catenu- late cylindric hyaline Thielaviopsis 11: 612 (2) Conidia all alike (a) Conidia produced in the hyphae Sporendonema 10:515 (b) Conidia produced on the hyphae X. Fertile hyphae spirally twisted, forming a head of conidia Helicocephalum 10:512 y. Fertile hyphae not twisted (x) Fertile hyphae simple, not branched at tip m. Chains of conidia lateral Dematium 4:308 n. Chains terminal (m) Conidia without isthmi Catenularia 4:303 (n) Conidia connected by cylindric isthmi Prophytroma 4:309 (y) Fertile hyphae branched m. Hyphae dendroid Hormodendrum 4:310 n. Hyphae capitate branched at tip Haplographium 4: 304 b. Some sterile hyphae erect and mixed with the fertile Hormiactella 4:311 II. Conidia hyaline or subhyaline I. Conidia acrogenous on short heteromorphic basidia at the lower part or at the base of erect hyphae a. Conidia capitate glomerate (i) Sterile hyphae simple and circinate at apex Bolacotricha 4:316 (2) Sterile hyphae much branched below Myxotrichum 4:317 b. Conidia not capitate (l) Conidia solitary (a) Erumpent ; conidia fusoid, usually setose EUisiella 4:315 (b) Superficial X. Sterile hyphae simple (x) Conidia globose Botryotrichum 4: 313 (y) Conidia bacillar m. Sterile hyphae tortuous Sarcopodium 4:312 n. Sterile hyphae circinate at apex Helicotrichum 4:313 y. Sterile hyphae branched (x) Hyphae irregularly branched; basidia verticillate Costantinella 16: 1054 (y) Hyphae repeatedly dichotomous ISO DEMATIACEAE m. Branches continuous; basidia terete, basal Circinotrichum 4:314 n. Branches septate; basidia ampuUiform, above base Ceratocladium 4:315 (2) Conidia loosely catenate ; conidia basilar, ovoid Stirochaete 4:316 2. Conidia on hyphae of the same kind a. Conidia solitary, neither catenate or capitate (i) Hyphae erect, simple (a) Hyphae with a single lateral basidium near base Zygosporium 4:328 (b) Hyphae with pleurogenous conidia Chloridium 4:320 (2) Hyphae branched (a) Hyphae erect, smooth X. Hyphae verticillate branched Verticicladium 4: 327 y. Hyphae more or less irregularly branched (x) Conidia ovoid Mesobotrys 4:324 (y) Conidia cylindric Chaetopsis 4:324 (z) Conidia falcate, sometimes ciliate Menispora 4:325 (b) Hyphae somewhat decumbent, more or less spiny X. Hyphae nodose-spiny here and there Gonytrichum 4:329 y. Hyphae spiny but not swollen Cladorrhinum 4: 330 b. Conidia capitate (1) Hyphae simple, with basidia only at the tip (a) Conidia globose X. Basidia verticillate Fuckelina 4 : 330 y. Basidia irregular Pimina 16: 1054 (b) Conidia ovoid, mucose Scopularia 4:330 (2) Hyphae more or less verticillate branched Stachylidium 4: 331 c. Conidia catenate, arising within the hyphae (i) Conidia in simple chains Chalara 4:333 (2) Conidia conglutinate into a long curl Cirromyces 18:627 Didymosporae 4:341, 10:595, 11:616, 14:1077, 16:1056, 18:575 Conidia i-celled, dark, more rarely hyaline, ovoid to oblong Micronemeae Hyphae very short or scarcely different from the conidia. I. Conidia not in chains 1. Hyphae lacking Diccccum 4: 342 2. Hyphae present, circinate Cycloconium 4:343 H. Conidia in chains Bispora 4:343 PHRAGMOSPORAE iSi Macronemeae Hyphae distinctly different from the conidia I. Conidia smootli, muticate 1. Conidia not capitate a. Conidia more or less catenulate at first (1) Hyphae and conidia biform, the latter i-celled dark or continuous hyaline Epochnium 4:375 (2) Hyphae and conidia uniform (a) Hyphae here and there inflated Cladotrichum 4:370 (b) Hyphae not inflated X. Hyphae erect; conidia long-catenate Diplococcium 4:374 y. Hyphae somewhat decumbent; conidia short-catenate or finally solitary Cladosporium 4:350 b. Conidia not catenate (1) Hyphae beautifully flexuose-torulose Polythrincium 4: 350 (2) Hyphae not torulose or flexuose (a) Hyphae inflated at tip, branched Pseudobeltrania 18:578 (b) Hyphae not inflated, usually short and little branched X. Conidia merely acrogenous Fusicladium 4:345 (incl. Passalora 4:344) y. Conidia acro-pleurogenous Scolecotrichum 4: 347 2. Conidia capitate Cordana 4:376 II. Conidia muriculate or ciliate 1. Conidia muriculate Trichocladium 4: 376 2. Conidia ciliate at apex; fertile and sterile hyphae intermixed Beltrania 4: 377 Phragmosporae 4:380, 10:606, 11:621, 14:1082, 16:1060, 18:581 Conidia 3-several-septate, dark, rarely hyaline, ovoid to cylindric or vermicular Micronemeae Fertile hyphae very short or little different from the conidia I. Conidia not in chains 1. Conidia muticate a. Conidia united at base, fasciculate, cylindric Cryptocoryneum 4:39s b. Conidia separate (1) Conidia ovoid to cylindric (a) Saprogenous Clasterosporium 4: 382 (b) Phyllogenous Stigmina 4 : 394 (2) Conidia fusoid-falcate Fusariella 4:395 2. Conidia cuspidate or setose 152 DEMATIACEAE a. Hyphae dichotomous and broadened at apex Urosporium 4:39? b Hyphae not dichotomous or broadened Ceratophorum 4=395 II. Conidia in chains 1. Conidia not connected by isthmi 2. Conidia connected by isthmi Septonema 4:397 Polydesmus 4:401 Macronemeae Fertile hyphae distinctly different from the conidia I. Conidia solitary or nearly so, acrogenous for the most part I. Conidia muticate a. Conidia echinulate b. Conidia smooth (i) Biophilous (a) Hyphae creeping, radiate (b) Hyphae ascending or erect X. Conidia ovoid to oblong Heterosporium 4:480 Ophiotrichum 10: 617 Napicladium 4:481 (incl. Cercosporidium 18:594) Cercospora 4:431 y. Conidia filiform or vermicular (2) Saprophilous (a) Hyphae rigid ; conidia ovoid to elongate Brachysporium 4: 423 Helminthosporium 4:402 Drepanospora 4:430 Camposporium 4:482 Acrothecium 4 : 483 Atractina 18: 584 X. Conidia ovoid y. Conidia elorigate (b) Hyphae flexuous, pannose 2. Conidia 1-3-ciliate at apex II. Conidia verticillate or capitate 1. Hyphae dark a. Conidia acrogenous, forming a head (1) Hyphae simple (2) Hyphae branched at the apex b. Conidia pleurogenous, somewhat verticillate (i) Hyphae rostrate and naked at apex Rhynchomyces 18: 584 (2) Hyphae not rostrate at apex Spondylocladium 4:482 2. Hyphae hyaline or bright-colored, apex denticulate Neomichelia 18 : 593 III. Conidia catenate as a rule 1. Conidia arising from the interior of the hyphae Sporoschisma 4:486 2. Conidia arising from the apex, sometimes solitary Dendryphium 4: 487 Dictyosporae 4:496, 10:665, 11:632, 14:1090, 16:107s, 18:612 Conidia dark, rarely hyaline, muriform, globose to oblong DICTYOSPORAE iS3 Micronemeae Hyphae very short or scarcely different from the conidia I. Conidia not in chains 1. Conidia muticate a. Conidia irregularly muriform or sarciniform (i) Conidia with a conic point at each side Oncopodium i8: 6i6 (2) Conidia muticate (a) Conidia globose to oblong X. Conidia ovoid to oblong, loose Sporodesmium 4:497 y. Conidia globose to ovoid, aggregated Stigmella 4: 507 (b) Conidia sarciniform, often coalescent Coniothecium 4: 508 b. Conidia as if composed of parallel chains of cells (i) Chains of conidia never separating Dictyosporium 4:513 (2) Chains of conidia separating Spira 4:514 2. Conidia corniculate at apex Tetraploa 4:516 II. Conidia in chains, often asperate or with isthmi Sirodesmium 4:516 Macronemeae Hyphae distinctly different from the conidia I. Conidia of the same form I. Conidia not in chains or capitate a. Conidia bearing little conidia on their surface Xenosporium 18:612 b. Conidia normal (1) Hyphae alike (a) Conidia cruciate-divided, verrucose tTetracoccosporis 18: 617 (Tetracoccosporium) (b) Conidia muriform, typically smooth X. Hyphae decumbent Stemphylium 4: 519 y. Hyphae erect or ascending (x) Conidia globose, pleurogenous m. Conidia around the apex of the hyphae Coccosporium 4: 542 n. Conidia conglobate around the base Trichaegum 4:542 (y) Conidia ovoid to oblong, mostly acrogenous Macrosporium 4:523 (incl. Mystrosporium 4:539) (2) Hyphae of two kinds, longer sterile, shorter fertile Septosporium 4: 543 2. Conidia capitate Dactylosporium 4:545 154 STILBACEAE 3. Conidia catenate a. Hyphae velvety, erect, subsimple; conidia caudate Alternaria 4: 545 b. Hyphae crustose, various; conidia 2-celled ; conidia-like ganglia sarciniform Fumago 4: 547 II. Conidia of two forms, dark sarciniform and subhyaline falcate Sarcinella 4 : 548 Staurosporae 4:552, 11:639, 14: 1107, 16: 1181, 18:625 Gonidia forked or stellate, usually dark, septate or continuous I. Conidia of two forms, small fusoid hyaline, large lobate many-celled, brown Desmidiospora 10:568 II. Conidia alike 1. Fertile hyphae present; conidia 3-4-radiate ^ Triposporium 4 : 554 2. Fertile hyphae lacking a. Conidia on a cellular stroma, 2-4-digitate Chiromyces 4: 554 b. Celluiar stroma lacking (i) Conidia 3-severaI- radiate ; xylogenous Ceratosporium 4: 552 (2) Conidia 2-radiate; phyllogenous Hirudinaria 4:553 Scolecosporae Conidia long-filiform or vermicular One genus Cercospora 4: 431, 14: logg Helicosporae 4:557, 10:680, 11:638, 14:1107, 16:1081, 18:624 Conidia cylindric, spiral or convolute, typically septate, dark or hyaline I. Hyphae obsolete Helicopsis 10: 680 II. Hyphae present 1. Conidia septate transversely Helicosporium 4: 557 2. Conidia muriform Helicoma 11:638 Family 77. STILBACEAE Sterile hyphae creeping, scanty; fertile hyphae collected into stalk-like or stroraa- like fascicles bearing conidia at the top, more rarely along the side, pale, bright- colored or dark. Hyalostilbae Hyphae and conidia pale or bright-colored, not dark or black Amerosporae 4:561, 10:681, 11:640, 14:1107, 16:1082, 18:630 Conidia globose, elliptic or oblong, i-celled, hyaline or pale, or bright-colored I. Conidial part distinctly capitate or at least terminal HYALOSTILBAE I5S 1. Conidia not in chains a. Head of conidia not gaping or splitting above (1) Head not spiny (a) Conidiophores of head normal X. Conidia covered with mucus (x) Synneraa monocephalous m, Conidiophores dendroid-verticillate (m) Without distinct sterigmata Dendrostilbella i8: 635 (n) With obpiriform sterigmata Pirobasidium 18:638 n. Conidiophores not dendroid-verticillate Stilbum 4: 564 (y) Synnema polycephalous m. Capitula on extremely short branches Polycephalum 4:575 n. Capitula on spreading subulate branches Tilachlidium 4:576 o. Capitula on erect branches Corallodendrum 4:576 y. Conidia without mucus (x) Synnema monocephalous m. Conidiophores spirally twisted Martindalia 4: 578 n. Conidiophores more or less straight (m) Conidia rhombic or biconic Rhombostilbella 18:636 (n) Conidia globose to fusoid Ciliciopodium 4: 577 (incl. Clavularia 10: 686) (y) Synnema polycephalous m. Terrestrial, large, 1-2 cm. ; conidia ovoid Macrostilbum 16: 1083 n. Small, not terrestrial ; conidia elongate-ovate Chondromyces 4:576 (b) Conidiophores conidium-like, septate ; monocephalous Atractiella 4: 578 (2) Head spiny with radiating spicules (a) Spicules conic, granulate Actiniceps 4: 579 (b) Spiculer with many curved branches at middle Heterocephalum 18:642 b. Head of conidia persistent below, splitting above Pilacre 4: 579 2. Conid'a in chains a. Synnema with conidia above ; conidia without mucus (i) Synneraa not pubescent Coremium 4: 581 (incl. Pritzeliella 18:644) (2) Synnema pubescent Lasioderma 4: 584 b. Synnema with conidia below ; conidia with mucus Microspatha 10:687 IS6 STILBACEAE 11. Conidial part cylindric or long-clavate 1. Conidia more or less equally scattered a. Biophilous ; sterigmata denticulate branched Cladosterigma 11:640 b. Saprophilous ; sterigmata none or simple Isaria 4: 584 2. Conidia in lateral heads or racemes a. Conidia in racemes; synnema lobate Peribotryum 4: 595 b. Conidia in heads (i) Conidiophores with lateral nodes, usually escaping through the stomata Helostroma 18:630 (2) Conidiophores without nodes, usually entomophilous Gibellula 11: 643 Didymosporae 18:64s Conidia 2-celled, hyaline, globose to oblong I. Synnema cylindric, fimbriate at apex ; conidia oblong Didymobotryopsis 18:645 II. Synnema capitate; conidia fusoid Didymostilbe 18: 645 Phragmosporae 4:598, 10:691, 14:1109, 18:646 Conidia 2-several-septate, hyaline, oblong to bacillar I. Conidia solitary 1. Conidia bacillar, aristate above, separating at joints Stilbomyces 14: 1109 2. Conidia not aristate or separating a. Conidia oblong Arthrosporium 4: 598 b. Conidia elongate-falcate Atractium 4:599 II. Conidia catenate, cylindric Symphyosira 4: 600 Helicosporae 18 : 658 Conidia filiform, spirally twisted I. Synnema erect, setose Helicostilbe 18: 657 Phaeostilbae Hyphae and conidia or one or the other dark Amerosporae 4:603, 10:692, 11:643, 14:1109, 16:1086, 18:648 Conidia l-celled, dark, globose to elongate I. Conidia not in chains 1. Synnema setose Saccardaea 11:643 2. Synnema naked a. Conidia asperate, on minute basidia Basidiella 10:698 PHAEOSTILBAE i57 b. Conidia smooth (i) Synnema carnose, racemose-branched Stilbothamnium 14: 11 10 (2) Synnema fibrous or corneous, not racemose (a) Basidia lageniform Ceratocladium 18:649 (b) Basidia lacking, at least not lageniform X. Synnema stalked, fibrous (x) Conidia dark, globose to elliptic Sporocybe 4: 604 (y) Conidia hyaline m. Conidia ovoid to oblong Graphium 4: 609 n. Conidia elongate or falcate Harpographium 4: 619 y. Synnema sessile, corneous Glutinium 4: 620 II. Conidia in chains 1. Synnema setose Trichurus 14: 1112 2. Synnema not setose a. Stalk scopulate branched above Stemmaria 10:696 b. Stalk simple or nearly so (i) Capitule loose (a) Base of synnema subequal ; usually on stems Stysanus 4 : 620 (b) Base of synnema perithecioid ; usually on leaves Graphiothecium 4: 624 t.2) Capitule compact (a) Conidia globose X. Conidia echinulate Harpocephalum 14:1111 y. Conidia smooth (x) Conidia pleurogenous Heydenia 4:625 (y) Conidia acrogenous Briosia 10: 698 (b) Conidia ovoid to oblong Antromycopsis 14: 1113 Didymosporae 4 : 626, 10 : 699, 18 : 654 Conidia i-septate, dark or hyaline, oblong to cylindric I. Conidia muticate Didymobotryum 4: 626 II. Conidia I -ciliate at apex Hoehneliella 18:654 Phragmosporae 4:627, 10:699, 11:644, 14:1113, 16:1089, 18:65s Conidia 2-several-septate, dark or hyaline, oblong to cylindric I. Conidia capitate 1. Synnema simple a. Synnema black; conidia densely capitate Arthrobotryum 4:628 b. Synnema fuscous or pale ; conidia loosely capitate Isariopsis 4: 630 2. Synnema dendroid branched Xylocladium 16: 1089 IS8 TUBERCULARIACEAE II. Conidia not capitate 1. Conidia catenulate Dendrographium ii: 644 2. Conidia not catenulate a. Stalk fibrous (,1) Synnema simple or branched; conidia acro-pleurogenous Podosporium 4: 627 (2) Synnema branched; conidia acrogenous Negeriella 14: 11 14 b. Stalk parenchyma-like (i) Conidia pleurogenous, on a disk Riccoa 18:656 (2) Conidia acrogenous Podosporella 11:644 Dictyosporae 4:632 Conidia muriform, dark or hyaline, oblong 1. Synnema stalked, capitate Sclerographium 4: 632 Staurosporae I. Conidia of 4-S-radiate cells, hyaline Riessia 4:627 Family 78. TUBERCULARIACEAE Hyphae compacted into a globose, discoid or verruciform body or sporodochium ; sporodochia typically sessile, waxy or subgelatinous, white, bright-colored or dark to black. Mucedinae Hyphae and conidia white or bright-colored Amerosporae 4:635, 10:700, 11:64s, 14:1115, 16:1090, 18:658 Conidia hyaline or bright-colored, i-celled, globose to fusoid 1. Sporodochia smooth or nearly so I. Conidiophores normal a. Conidia muticate (i) Conidia not covered with mucus (a) Conidia not acrogenous capitate X. Sporodochium girt by a heterogeneous cup Patellina 4: 677 y. Sporodochium without a heterogeneous cup (x) Conidia not catenate or scarcely so m. Conidia escaping from interior of hyphae (m) Conidiophores branched Endoconidium 10: 708 (n) Conidiophores simple Trichotheca 10: 714 n. Conidia arising on outside of hyphae (ra) Conidiophores lacking r. Conidia large, pellucid (r) Conidia globose Sphaerosporium 4: 664 (s) Conidia oval Diaphanium 4: 672 s. Conidia small, not pellucid Pactilia 4: 672 MUCEDINAE iS9 (n) Coiiidiophores present r. Conidia pleurogenous or acro-pleurogenous (r) Conidia globose Beniowskia i6: 1091 (s) Conidia ovoid to oblong Tubercularia 4: 638 (t) Conidia fusoid to cylindric FusicoUa 4 : 664 s. Conidia acrogenous (r) Conidiophores verrucose Dacrymycella 4: 671 (s) Conidiophores not verrucose h. Uredinicole Tuberculina 4: 653 i. Not uredinicole (h) Sporodochia globose +- Conidia globose; conidiophores short Aegerita 4: 661 — . Conidia ovoid ; conidiophores branched Granularia 4: 649 (i) Sporodochia pulvinate +. Conidia acicular Kmetia 16: 1158 — . Conidia terete-oblong Bactridiopsis 18:662 (j) Sporodochia disk-shaped, or cupulate +. Sporodochia disk-shaped Hymenula 4 : 667 (Hymenella 16: 1105) — -. Sporodochia cupulate Hyphostereum 11: 649 (k) Sporodochia verruciform or effuse +. Conidiophores simple ( + ) Conidiophores radiate, united at base Clinoconidium 16: 1093 ( — ) Conidiophores not united or radiate Sphacelia 4: 666 — . Conidiophores dendroid branched Dendrodochium 4: 650 (y) Conidia in chains m. Conidia covered with mucus Collodochium 18: 661 n. Conidia without mucus (m) Conidia globose r. Conidia hyaline Sphaerocolla 11:648 s. Conidia blue Sporoderma 4: 676 (n) Conidia elliptic to oblong r. Sporodochium disk-shaped, orange-red Necator 16: 1094 s. Sporodochium subglobose, whitish Patouillardia 4:677 i6o TUBERCULARIACEAE (o) Conidia cylindric r. Sporodochium dilated above, stalked Bizzozeriella lo: 716 s. Sporodochia globose to verruciform (r) Sporodochia gelatinous, sessile CylindrocoUa 4: 673 (s) Sporodochia not gelatinous, short-stalked Sphaeridium 4: 675 (b) Conidia acrogenous capitate; sporodochia turbinate Cephalodochium 4:678 (2) Conidia covered with mucus (a) Sporodochium globose, hardened Thecospora 4: 679 (b) Sporodochia verruciform or discoid, gelatinous or waxy X. Sporodochia verruciform or subeffuse lUosporium 4:656 (incl. Myxonema 10:714) y. Sporodochia discoid Epidochiopsis 11:648 b. Conidia ciliate (i) Conidia i-ciliate at base only Stigmatella 4:679 (2) Conidia ciliate at both ends (a) Conidia i-ciliate at each end Thozetia 4: 679 (b) Conidia 7-8-ciliate at each end Chaetospermum 10:706 2. Conidiophores with internal conidia-bearing areoles Scoriomyces 4: 680 II. Sporodochia setulose, ciliate or uniformly woolly 1. Sporodochia woolly or setulose a. Sporodochia setulose ; conidia catenate Periola 4: 681 b. Sporodochia woolly or velvety ; conidia capitate (i) Conidia globose Dacryodochium 14: 1122 (2) Conidia oblong Lachnodochium 14: 1122 2. Sporodochia ciliate at the margin a. Sporophores none; conidia coacervate Volutellaria 4:682 b. Sporophores distinct (1) Conidia in chains Volutina 18:667 (2) Conidia not in chains (a) Conidiophores 6-ciliate above, united below Guelichia 10: 720 (b) Conidiophores not ciliate or united Volutella 4:682 Didymosporae 4 : 690, 10 : 721, 18 : 668 Conidia i-septate, hyaline or bright-colored I. Conidia in chains 1. Sporodochia setulose Endodesmia 4: 691 2. Sporodochia smooth Gymnodochium 18:668 MUCEDINAE i^i II. Conidia not in chains 1. Sporodochia setulose Leptotrichum 4: 690 2. Sporodochia smooth a. Conidia verrucose Cosmariospora 4: 690 b. Conidia smooth Patouillardiella 10: 721 Phragmosporae 4;69i, 10:721, 11:649, 14:1123, 16:1097, 18:669 Conidia 2-several-septate, hyaline or bright-colored, fusoid to falcate (in Fusarium sometimes short and simple). I. Conidia somewhat catenate, cylindric Discocolla 11:653 II. Conidia rarely catenate 1. Conidia cruciately 4-celled ; sporodochiura gelatinous Sarcinodochium 18:677 2. Conictia not cruciate a. Conidiophores short, simple (1) Conidia very large, terete-oblong Bactridium 4: 6gi (2) Conidia doliiform Pithomyces 4: 693 b. Conidiophores more or less branched (i) Conidiophores dichotomous ; conidia key-like Heliscus 4: 693 (2) Conidiophores usually verticillately branched; conidia usually falcate, sometimes oblong (a) Sporodochium gelatinous Pionnotes 4: 725 (b) Sporodochium waxy or byssoid Fusarium 4: 694 (incl. Microcera 4: 727) Dictyosporae 18 : 676 Conidia muriform, hyaline, subglobose I. Sporodochia globose Sporocystis 18:676 Staurosporae 4: 728, 16: 1 104, 18: 677 Conidia forked or cruciate, hyaline or bright-colored I. Conidiophores simple ; conidia horseshoe-like Lituaria 4: 728 II. Conidiophores branched 1, Conidia with short irregular branches or lobes Aegeritopsis 18:677 2. Conidia forked or cruciate a. Conidia 2-forked, septate Dicranidium 4: 728 b. Conidia 3-forked or subcruciate, continuous Triglyphium 4: 728 Helicosporae 4:729, 10:732. 11:653, 18:678 Conidia spirally convolute i62 TUBERCULARIACEAE I. Conidiophores lacking Everhartia 4: 729 II. Conidiophores present 1. Conidia continuous Troposporium 4: 729 2. Conidia septate Hobsonia 11: 653 Dematiae Hyphae olive, to brown or black; conidia concolorous, rarely hyaline Amerosporae 4:736, 10:732, 11:654, 14:1129, 16:1104, 18:678 Conidia i-celled, globose to elongate, sometimes unequal I. Conidia not in chains 1. Sporodochia not setose a. Conidiophores lacking (i) Lichenicole Spilomium 18:678 (2) Not lichenicole (a) Sporodochia gelatinous; conidia globose, vesiculosa Myriophysa 4:742 (b) Sporodochia not gelatinous X. Sporodochia hemispheric, with a stratum of conidia Spermodermia 4: 742 y. Sporodochia disk-like, applanate Sclerodiscus 10:735 b. Conidiophores present (1) Sporodochia thick, tremelloid Epidochium 4: 747 (2) Sporodochia not tremelloid (a) Conidiophores with a slender apical appendage ; conidia globose Bonplandiella 10: 732 (b) Conidiophores not appendaged X. Conidia globose (x) Sporodochia cellular, uniform Epicoccum 4:736 (y) Sporodochia of three hyphal layers Triplicaria 10:734 y. Conidia ovoid to bacillar (x) Conidiophores bacillar; sporodochia subdiscoid Hymenopsis 4: 744 (y) Conidiophores branched m. No brown radiate hyphae at base Strumella 4:742 n. Brown radiate hyphae at base ' Astrodochilutn 14: 1117 2. Sporodochia ciliate or with exserted hypae a. Sporodochia with loose exserted conidiophores, verruciform Trichostroma 4: 752 b. Sporodochia margined with hairs or setae (i) Setae dark Chaetostroma 4: 749 (2) Setae or hairs white Myrothecium 4: 750 DEMATIAE 163 II. Conidia in chains 1. Con idiophores lacking Exosporina 18: 684 2. Conidiophores present a. Sporodochium tremelloid *Hormodochis 4: 749 b. Sporodochium not tremelloid (i) Sporodochium ciliate *Chaetodochis 4 : 750 (2) Sporodochium not ciliate (a) Sporodochia globose Sphaeromyces 4: 753 (b) Sporodochia stellate Actinomma 4:753 Didymosporae 4 : 754, 10 : 737, 16 : 1 105, 18 : 684 Conidia i -septate, typically dark, elliptic to fusoid I. Sporodochia lichenicole, globose Sclerococcum 4: 754 II. Sporodochia not lichenicole 1. Sporodochia foliicole a. Sporodochia annuliform asteroid Hyphaster 18:685 b. Sporodochia subglobose Pucciniopsis 10:737 2. Sporodochia lignicole Epiclinium 4: 754 Phragmo sporae 4:755, 10:738, 11:656, 14:1131, 16:1106, 18:685 Conidia 2-several-septate, usually colored, oblong to cylindric I. Conidia in chains; sporodochium discoid Trimmatostroma 4: 757 II. Conidia not in chains 1. Conidia i-ciliate at each end Ciliofusarium 1 1 : 656 2. Conidia muticate a. Sporodochium hairy Excipularia 18: 688, 3: 683 b. Sporodochium smooth (i) Conidia laterally proliferate and joined in bundles Amallospora 14: 1131 (2) Conidia not proliferate and united (a) Sporodochia convex-pulvinate Exosporium 4: 755 (b) Sporodochia vertically cylindric or clavate Listeromyces 18:685 Dictyosporae 4:758, 10:739, 11:656, 14:1131, 16:1107, 18:689 Conidia muriform, usually dark I. Conidia in chains Bonordeniella 18:689 II. Conidia not in chains I. Sporodochia setulose Chaetostromella 11:656 2. Sporodochia smooth Spegazzinia 4 : 758 Scolecosporae 18:689 Conidia filiform, hyaline I. Sporodochia globose, setulose Schizotrichum 18: 688 i64 STERILE MYCELIA Staurosporae 4:753 Conidia angulose-stellate, hyaline I. Sporodochia scutellate, pilose Stephanoma 4: 753 Helicosporae 11:654 Conidia spirally twisted, smoky I. Sporodochia pulvinate Troposporella 11: 654 Sterile Mycelia 14:1138, 16:1108, 18:690 Conidia permanently absent so far as known I. Parasitic on algae Lepraria, Pulveraria, etc. Z. 239 II. Not parasitic on algae 1. Tubercle-like a. Tubercles connected with fibrils Rhizoctonia 14:1175 (Coccobotrys 16: 1108) b. Tubercles without fibrils (i) Cortex discrete Acinula 14:1174 (2) Cortex not discrete Sclerotium 14: 1139 2. Maculif orm ; black stromata in leaves and stems Ectostroma 14: 1177 3. Root-like a. Filaments rigid, broad, terete or depressed, dark, white within Rhizomorpha 14: 1180 b. Filaments rigid, capilliform, dark, closely adhering Capillaria 14: 1184 4. Clavariform ; filaments terete, vertical, simple or branched Anthina 14: 1184 5. Cobwebby or byssoid a. Cespitose interwoven, primary hyphae joined in bundles Ozonium 14: 1187 b. Cespitose interwoven, hyphae not fasciculate, black Rhacodiutn 14: ii8g c. Cobwebby, soft, fleeting, white or pale Hypha 14:1192 d. Adpressed, creeping, dendritic, white to brownish, not forming a continuous membrane Himanlva 14: 1194 6. Membrane-like; densely interwoven, forming a continuous suberose or coriace- ous membrane Xylostroma 14: 1197 7. Deformed, discolored corky cells of plants Phloeoconis 14: 1197 Key to Spore Sections Amerosporae: spores one-celled, not stellate or spiral Allantosporae: spores sausage-shaped, mostly clear Hyalosporae: spores hyaline or clear, globose to oblong Phaeosporae: spores dark, yellow, brown or black, globose to oblong Leucosporae : spores clear, rarely faintly colored Rhodosporae : spores rose-colored Ochrosporae : spores yellow to yellow-brown Melanosporae : spores dark purple to black Didymosporae: spores i-septate or 2-celled Hyalodidymae: spores hyaline, 2-celled Phaeodidymae: spores dark, 2-celled Phragmosporae : spores few-many-transeptate, 3-many-celled Hyalophragmiae; spores hyaline, 3-many-celled Phaeophragmiae: spores dark, 3-many-celIed Dictyosporae: spores septate crosswise and lengthwise, i. e., muriform Hyalodictyae: spores hyaline, muriform Phaeodictyae: spores dark, muriform Scolecosporae; spores needle-shaped to filiform, continuous or septate Hyaloscoleciae: spores hyaline, filiform Phaeoscoleciae; spores dark, filiform Staurosporae : spores stellate or radiate, hyaline or dark, continuous or septate Helicosporae; spores spirally twisted, hyaline or dark, continuous or septate Guide to the Volumes of Saccardo's "Sylloge Fungorum" Volume I. Bibiiotheca Mycologica IX-XIX Pyrenomycetes: Perisporiaceae, Sphaeriaceae-Phaeodidymae I-7S4 Volume II. Pyrenomycetes: Sphaeriaceae-Phaeophragmiae, Hysteriaceae 1-809 Addenda to Volume I (815) I-LV Addenda to Volume II LVI-LXIX Index to genera in Volumes I and II l-io Index to species in Volumes I and II il-77 Volume III. Sphaeropsideae 1-69S Melanconieae 696-807 Index to genera in Volume III 813-816 Index to species in Volume III 817-860 Volume IV. Plyphomycetes: Mucedineae-Tubercularieae 1-758 Index to genera in Volume IV 763-768 Index to species in Volume IV 769-807 Additions to Volumes I-IV. Pyrenomycetes 1-273 Sphaeropsideae 285-360 Melanconieae 361-371 Hyphomycetes 372-392 Appendix 39 393-445 Index to genera in this volume 453-457 Index to species in this volume 459-484 Volume V. Agaricineae 1-1144 Index to genera in Volume V 114S Volume VI. Hymenomycetes: Polyporaceae-Tremellaceae 1-815 Index to genera in Volumes V and VI 817-824 Index to species in Volumes V and VI 825-928 Volume VII. Part l:— Gasteromycetes 1-180 Phycomycetes 180-322 Myxomycetes 323-468 i68 GENERA OF FUNGI Additions to Gasteromycetes 469-492 Index to genera in Volume VI, part i I-IV Index to species in Volume VII, part 1 V-XXX Part 2:— Ustilagineae 449-52^ Uredineae 528-869 Index to genera in Volume VII, part 2 XXXI-XXXIII Index to species in Volume VII, part 2 XXXV-LIX Volume VIII. Conspectus Systematicus Generalis XIII-X VI iJiscomycetes 3-842 Phymatosphaeriaceae 843-847 Onygenaceae 861-862 Tiiberoideae 863-908 I.aboulbeniaceae 909-915 Saccharomycetes 916-922 Schizomycetes 923-1087 Index to genera in Volume VI II 1089-1095 Index to species in Volume VIII 1097-1143 Volume IX. lij'menomycetes 1-261 Gasteromycetes 262-281 ti'ypodermieae 282-334 Phycomj^cetes 335-363 Pyrenomycetes 364-1129 Laboulbeniaceae 1130-1134 Indent to genera in Volume IX 1135-1141 Volume X. De nominibus generum VII-IX Bibliotheca Mycologica XI-XXX Discomycetes 1-79 Onygenaceae 80 Tuberoideae 80-83 Myxomycetes 83-99 Schizomycetes 100 Sphaeropsideae ' 100-446 Melanconieae 446-509 Hyphomycetes 510-739 Fossil Fungi 745-808 Index Universalis to Volumes I-X 841-869 Index to species in Volumes IX and X 871-964 Volume XI. Ilymenomycetes 1-151 Gasteromycetes 152-173 ITypodermieae 174-238 Phycomycetes 239-251 Pyrenomycetes 252-390 GUIDE TO THE SYLLOGE 169 Discomycetes 391-439 Pliymatosphaeriaceae 440 Onygenaceae 440 Tuberoideae 44i"445 Laboulbeniaceae 446-456 Saccharomycetes 457-459 Myxobacteria 460-461 Myxomycetes 46^-471 Sphaeropsideae 472-561 Melanconieae 562-585 Hyphomycetes 586-656 Fossil Fungi 657-659 Index to species in Volume XI 677-718 Index Universalis to Volumes I-XI Volume XII. Index Universalis to genera, species and varieties in Volumes I-XI. Abbreviations Fungi in living and dead parts of plants 1-858 Fungi in living and dead parts of man and animals 859-872 Fungi on dving and artificial substrata (textiles, etc.) 873-902 Fungi on earth, stones, walls, turf and charcoal 903-1039 Fossil Fungi 1042-1053 Volume XIII. Abbreviations. Host Index to the close of 1897 (Volumes I-XI). Volume XIV. Table of orders and families 3-4 Table of spore sections and the genera included in them 5-62 Hymenomycetes 63-253 Gasteromycetes 254-268 Uredinaceae 269-409 Ustilaginaceae 410-430 Hyphostomaceae 431 PLycomycetes 432-461 Pyrenomycetes 462-724 I.aboulbeniaceae 7-5-737 Discomycetes 738-825 Tuberoideae 826-828 Saccharomycetes 828 Protomycetes 829-830 Myxomycetes 831-841 Myxobacteria 842-844 Sphaeropsidaceae 844-1003 Melanconiaceae 1004-1036 Hyphomycetes 1037-1 132 Appendix containing some omitted and new species 1 133-1 137 Sterile Mycelia 1138-1198 170 , GENERA OF FUNGI Index to species in Volume XIV 1219-1272 Index universalis to Volumes I-XIV 1277-1316 Volxime XV. Synonyms of genera, species and varieties in Volumes I-XIV. Volume XVI. Hymenomycetes 1-223 Gasteromycetes 224-256 Uredinaceae 257-366 Ustilaginaceae .' 367-382 Phycomycetes 383-397 Pyrenomycetes 398-673 Laboulbeniaceae 674-694 Discomycetes 695-817 Saccharomycetes 818 Myxomycetes 819-824 Deuteromycetes 825-1107 Sterile Mycelia - 1108-1109 Appendix: nevvf fungi 1110-1158 Index to species in Volume XVI 1179-1233 Index universalis to Volumes I-XVI 1239-1291 Volume XVII. Bibliotheca Mycologica . . .-. ■. IX-CVII Hymenomycetes 1-211 Gasteromycetes 212-243 Uredinaceae 244-471 Ustilaginaceae 472-493 Phycomycetes 494-523 Pyrenomycetes - 524-914 Laboulbeniaceae .915-924 Index to species in Volume XVII 941-986 Index to genera in Volume XVII 987-991 Volume XVIII. Mycological diagnosis and nomenclature III-VII Discomycetes 1-207 Myxomycetes 208-217 Myxobacteria 217-219 Deuteromycetes 219-690 Sterile Mycelia 690-691 Index to species in Volume XVIII 707-740 Index universalis to Volumes I-XVIII ■ 743-838 Index to Families in Saccardo's "Sylloge Fungorum and Rehm's "Discomyceten" Acrospermaceae R: 53 Agaricaceae 5: 3, g: 3, 11: i, 14; 63, 16: i, 16: I no, 17: i Ancylistaceae 16: 395 Arthoniaceae 10: 74, 16: 798, 18: 186, R. 414 Ascobolaceae 8: 512, 10: 31, 11: 420, 14: 792, 16: 758, 1149, 18: 116, R. 1078 Ascocorticiaceae 18: 198 Ascoidaceae 16: 806 Bulgariaceae 8: 607, 10: 38, 11: 425, 14: 801, 16: 766, 1150, 18: 131, R. 444 Caliciaceae 8: 825, 10: 72, 11: 439, 14: 825, 18: 189, R. 388 Cenangiaceae R- 213 Cenococcaceae 8; 871 Chytridiaceae 7: 286, 9: 357, 11: 246, 14; 437, 16; 389, 1122, 17: 511 Clavariaceae 6: 670, 9: 247, 11: 134, 14: 23s, 16: 1116, 17: 193 Coccoideaceae 17: 860 Cordieritaceae 8. 810, 16: 803 Coryneliaceae 9; 1073, 11: 385, 16: 650 Cyttariaceae 8: 4, 16: 695, 18: i Dematiaceae 4: 235, 9: 378, 10: 569, 11: 610, 14: 1068, 16: 1050, 1157, 18: 563 Dermateaceae 8: 545, 10: 36, 11: 422, 14: 794, 16: 762, 1149, 18: 121, R. 241 Dothideaceae 2; 588, A. 222, 9: 1004, 11; 368, 14: 663, 16: 616, 1144, 17: 827 Elaphomycetaceae ....8: 863, 10: 80, 11: 441 Endogonaceae 8; 905 Endomycetaceae 18: 202 Entomophthoraceae .. 7: 280, 9: 349, 14: 437, 16: 388, 1123, 17: 510 Eoterfeziaceae 18:205 Euphacidaceae R. 60 Euphacidiaceae R. 913 Eustictaceae R. 113 Excipulaceae 3: 664, A. 358, 10: 432, 11: 558, 14: 999, 16: 993, 18: 436 Exoascaceae 14: 823, 16: 803, 18: 196 Geoglossaceae R. 1142 Gymnoascaceae 8: 811, 10: 67, 11: 435, 14: 824, 16: 805, 1152 Helotiaceae R. 647 Helvellaceae 8: 7, 10: i, 11: 391, 14: 738, 16: 695, 1146, 18: 2, R. 1134 Hemihysteriaceae ....A. 260, 9: 1094, ir; 385, 14: 707, i6: 653, 17: 892 Heterosphaeriaceae ...R. 198 Hydnaceae 6: 429,9: 208, 11: 106, 14: 201, 16: 174, 1116, 17: 147 Hymenogastraceae ....7: 154, 9: 280, 11: 168, 14: 267, 16: 245, 17: 239 Hypocreaceae 2: 447, A. 194, 9: 941, 11: 354, 14: 621, 16: 559, 1140, 17: 777 Hypodermaceae 10: 748, R. 28 172 GENERA OF FUNGI Hysteriaceae ^2: 721, A. 263, 9: iioo, 11: 385, 14: 710, 16: 657, 114?. I7: 893, R. 3 Laboulbeniaceae 8: 909, 9: 1130, 11: 446, 14: 725, 16: 674, 17: 91S Leptostromaceae 3: 625, A. 356, 10: 412, 11: 553, 14: 992, 16: 986, 18: 419 Lophiostomaceae 2: 672, A. 254, 9: 1074, 11: 382, 14: 702, 16: 650, 1144, 17: 886 Lycoperdaceae 7- 48, 9: 266, 11: 157, 14: 257, 16: 230, 1117, 17: 217 Melanconiaceae 3; 696, A. 361, 10: 446, 11: 562, 14: 1004, 16: 995, IISS, 18: 447 Microthyriaceae 2: 658, A. 246, 9: 1053, 11: 379, 14: 686, 16: 633, 1141, 17: 861 Mollisiaceae R. 503 Monascaceae 14: 825 Monoblepharidaceae ..16; 394 Mucedinaceae 4: 2, A. 372, 10: 510, 11: 586, 14; 1037, 16: 1022, 1156, 18: 495 Mucoraceae 7: 182, 9; 33s, 11 : 239, 14: 432, 16: 383, 17: 494 Myriangiaceae 16: 799, 1151, 18: 191 Myxobacteriaceae .... 11: 467, 14; 842, 18: 217 Nectrioidaceae 3: 613. A. 354, 10; 404, 11: 552, 14: 988, 16: 983, 18: 407 Nidulariaceae 7: 28, 9: 265, 11: 156, 14; 256, 16: 229, 17: 214 Onygenaceae 8: 861, 10: 80, 11: 440, 16: 807 Ostropaceae R. 185 Patellariaceae 8: 768, 10; 52, 11; 433, 14: 818, 16: 791, 1151, 18: 165, R. 277 Perisporiaceae i: i, A. i, 9: 364, 11: 252, 14: 462, 16; 398, 1123, 17: 524 Peronosporaceae 7: 233, g: 340, 11: 242, 14; 457, 16: 396, 17: 519 Pezizaceae 8: 53, 10: 3, 11: 393, 14: 744, 16: 701, 1146, 18: 11, R. 913 Phacidiaceae 8- 705, 10: 48, 11: 431, 14: 813, 16: 783, 1150, 18: 155, R. 60 Phallaceae 7: i, 9: 262, 11: 152, 14: 254, 16: 224, 11 18, 17; 212 Phyraatosphaeriaceae.. 8; 843, 11: 440, 14: 826 Polyporaceae 6: i, 9: 150, 11: 79, 14: 164, 16: 138, iiiS, 17: 95 Protomycetaceae 7: 319, 9; 363, ii? 251, 14; 829, 16: 816, 1153, 18: 202 Pseudophacidiaceae . . . R. 87 Rhizinaceae R. 1134 Saccharomycetaceae ..8: 916, 11: 457, 14: 828, 16: 818, 1153, 18: 198 Saprolegniaceae 7: 264, 9: 345. n: 244, 14: 450, 16: 39S, 1123, 17: 518 Schizomycetaceae ....8: 923, 10: 100 Sphaeriaceae i: 88, 2: i, A. 22, 9; 442, 11: 271, 14: 478, 16: 417, 1128, 17: 561 Sphaerioidaceae .......3; 1, A. 28s, 10: 100, 11: 472, 14; 844, 16: 825, 1154, 18: 219 Sphaeropsidaceae to: 785, 16: 1154 Stictidaceae 8: 647, 10: 44, 11; 428, 14: 806, 16: 776, 1150, 18: 146, R. 112 Stilbaceae 4: 563, A. 386, 10: 681, 11: 640, 14: 1107, 16: 1082, 1157, 18: 630 Thelephoraceae 6: 513, 9: 218, 11: 115, 14: 212, 16: 181, 1116, 17: 160 Tremellaceae 6: 760, 9: 257, 11: 142, 14: 244, 16: 215, 1117, 17; 203 Tryblidiaceae R. 191 Tuberaceae 8: 872, 10: 80, 11: 442, 14: 826, 16: 808, 1146, 18: 205 Tuberculariaceae 4: 635, A. 389, 10: 700, 11: 645, 14: iiiS, 16: 1090, 1158, 18; 658 Tulasnellaceae 14: 234 Uredinaceae 7: S28, 9; 291, 11: 174, 14: 269, 16: 257, 1118, 17: 244 Ustilaginaceae 7: 449. 9'- 282, 11: 230, 14: 410, 16: 367, 1122, 17: 472 List of New Genera and Types Genus Lasiosphaeris Herpothrix Comoclathris Dimerisma Phaeomeris Pleophalis Phalostauris Phaeosporis Lithoecis Phragmothele Phaeothrombis Phaeoglaena Dichoporis Diporina Dipyrenis Holothelis Dithelopsis Pyrenyllium Polythelis Ditremis Trichotrema Phylloporis Sphaerodes Rhynchomelas Dasyphthora Pleodothis Discostroma Chlorodothis Sciodothis Nothostronia Mycoporis Pleoglonis Sphaeriaceae Character Lasiosphaeria phaeophragmia Herpotrichia phaeophragmia Clathrospora pilosa Verrucariaceae Spheconisca phaeodidyma Spheconisca phaeophragmia Spheconisca polyspora Staurothele hyalospora Verrucaria phaeospora Verrucaria immersa Thelidium hyalophragmium Thrombiura phaeosporum Microglaena phaeodictya Porina schizospora hyalodid. Porina hyalodidyma Pyrenula phaeodidyma Thelopsis hyalospora Thelopsis hyalodidyma Arthropyrenia hyalodidyma Microthelia phaeophragmia Pleurotrema hyalodidymum Pleurotrema scolecosporum Phylloporina hyalodidyma Hypocreaceae Sphaeroderma esubiculatum Melanospora stromatica Nectria pilosa Dothideaceae Plowrightia polyspora Curreya hyalodictya Mycoporaceae Mycoporellura hyalodidymum Mycoporellum phaeodidymum Mycoporellum hyalophragmium N. Mycoporellum phaeophragmi- M um Hysteriaceae Type Page L. hispida (Tode) 35 H. calospora (Winter) Comoclathris lanata Clements D. tenebrosum (Norm.) Ph. confusa (Norm.) P. nova (Norm.) Ph. diffractella (Tuck.) Ph. melasperma (Nyl.) L. tristis (Kremp.) Ph. papularis (Fr.) Ph. melaspermiza (Stnr.) D. schizospora (Wain.) D. subsimplicans (Nyl.) D. trachysperma (Miill. Arg.) H. flaveola (Arn.) D. subporineila (Nyl.) analeptum (Ach.) sexlocularis (Mull. Arg.) inspersa (Miill. Arg.) trichosporum (Miill. Arg.) phyllogena (Miill. Arg.) P. P. D. T. Ph. S. episphaerium (Ph. & PI.) Rh. arenaria (Mont.) D. lasioderma (Ell.) P. D. polyspora (Bref.) rehmii (Schnabl) Ch. lahmii (Mull. Arg.) S. leucoplaca (Miill. Arg.) roseolum (Miill. Arg.) perexigua (Miill. Arg.) Glonium polysporum P. strobiligena (Desm.) 35 37 39 29 39 39 39 39 39 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 41 41 41 41 41 44 44 45 49 SO 50 so 50 50 S6 '74 GENERA OF FUNGI P. caesia (Fw.) S8 D. lurida (Ach.) S8 M. leptosperma (Miill. Arg.) S8 D. turbulenta (Nyl.) 59 Ps, . clavuliger (Wain.) 59 H. . pallida (Fckl.) 63 N. paradoxa (Rehm) 63 D. foveolaris (Rehm) 63 X. striola (Fr.) 64 M. emergens (Karst.) 64 T. pinastri (Pers.) 65 O. rhaphidospora (Rehm) 65 A. sexdecimspora (Fckl.) 67 M. myriosporum (Ph. & Hark.) 67 Graphidaceae Plearthonis Allarthonia hyalophragmia Diarthonis Arthonia hyalodidyma Merarthonis Arthoniopsis hyalodidyma Digraphis Graphis hyalodidyma Psorographis Acanthothecis hyalophragmia Stictidaceae Habrostictis Naevia iodata Naeviella Naevia didymospora Diplocryptis Diplonaevia iodata Xyloglyphis Xylogramma didymosporum Merostictis Phragmonaevia non-iodata Tryblidiaceae Tryblidis Tryblidiopsis didymospora Odontura Odontotrema scolecosporum Bulgariaceae Agyrina Agyrium polysporum Myridium Orbilia polyspora Patellariaceae Epilichen Karschia lichenicola Pleospilis Melaspilea polyspora Lecoglyphis Leciographa hysterioidea Mycolecis Leciographa saprophytica Parathalle Lahmia parasitica Caliciaceae Eucyphelis Sphinctrina laeta stipitata Holocyphis Cyphelium sphaerosporum Dipyrgis Pyrgillus didymosporus Ditylis Tylophorum didymosporum Chrysotrichaceae Holocoenis Coenogonium amerosporum H. leprieurii (Mont.) Collemataceae Pleopyrenis Pyrenopsis polyspora Pleoconis Peccania polyspora Dicollema Collema didymosporum Peltophoraceae Gonothecis Sporopodium phycepitheciale Chloropeltis Peltophora palmellicola Scolecactis Lecanactis scolecospora Pleolecis Lecidea polyspora Diphloeis Toninia didymospora Diphanis Rhizocarpum hyalodidymum Diphaeis Rhizocarpum phaeodidymum Phalodictyum Rhizocarpum hyalodictyum Merophora Gyrophora merospora E. scabrosus (Ach.) 69 P. vermifera (Leight.) 69 L. centrifuga (Mass.) 70 M. lecideina (Rehm) 70 P. fuistingii (Korb.) 70 E. acicularis (Smith) 71 H. bolanderi (Tuck.) 71 71 D. moderata (Nyl.) 71 72 P. picina (Nyl.) 72 p. kansana (Tuck.) 73 D. pycnocarpum (Nyl.) 74 G. phyllocharis (Mont.) 75 Ch .. aphthosa (L.) 75 S. myriadea (Fee) 76 P. geophana (Nyl.) 76 D. Candida (Web.) 76 D. polycarpa (Hepp) 71 D. badiatra (Flk.) 77 Ph . obscuratum (Ach.) 77 M. haplocarpa (Nyl.) 77 LIST OF NEW GENERA AND TYPES 175 Dibaeis Cyanobaeis Chlorocaulum Myriolecis Adermatis Dyslecanis Pleochroma Ocellis Phanotylium Diphanosticta Diphaeosticta Phanosticta Dysticta Cystolobis Podostictina Merostictina Dystictina Phycodiscig Pleorinis Meroplacis Merorinis Phragmopyxine Dictyorinis Spilopezis Dibelonis Pezoloma Eubelonis Belospora Merodontis Dyslachnum Phalothrix Dasypezis lotidea Podaleuris Leucopezis Trichaleuris Haplocybe Cladoniaceae Baeomyces didymosporus Baeomyces cyanophyceus Stereocaulum lecanorinum Parmeliaceae Lecanora polyspora Lecania phragmospora Lecania polyspora Candelariella polyspora Ocellularia didymospora Tremotylium hyalodictyum Sticta lecanorina hyalodid. Sticta lecanorina phaeodid. Sticta lecan. hyalophragmia Sticta lecideina Lobaria cysticoccola Stictina hyalophr. stipitata Stictina phaeophragmia Stictina lecideina Lobarina lecanorina Physciaceae Rinodina polyspora Caloplaca phragmospora Rinodina phragmospora Pyxine phragmospora Rinodina dictyospora MoUisiaceae Pyrenopeziza subiculata Beloniella hyalodidyma Helotiaceae Cyathicula sessilis Belonium hyalodidymum Belonioscypha chaetospora Davincia sessilis Lachnum sessile Dasyscypha phalotrichia Dasyscypha sessilis Pezizaceae Otidea iodata Aleurina stipitata Neottiopezis eciliata Aleurina setosa Helvellaceae Cudoniella hyalospora D. rosea (Pers.) C. paeminosa (Kremp.) Ch. salazinum (Bory) M. sambuci (Pers.) A. nylanderiana (Mass.) D. syringea (Ach.) P. vitellina (Ehrh.) P. australiense (Miill. Arg.) D. cellulifera (H. & T.) D. physciospora (Nyl.) Ph. freycinetii (Del.) D. sinuosa (Pers.) C. leucocarpa (Miill. Arg.) P. endochrysoides (Miill. Arg.) 82 M. mougeotiana (Del.) 82 D. tomentosa (Sw.) 82 Ph. retigera (Bory) 83 78 78 7& 79 79 79 80 80 80 81 81 81 81 81 P. polyspora (Th. Fr.) 84 M. brebissonii (Fee) 84 M. conradi (Korb.) 84 Ph . eschweileri (Tuck.) 84 D. diplinthia (Nyl.) 84 S. radians (Rob.) 85 D. dehnii (Rabh.) 86 P. griseum Clements 86 E. drosodes (Rehm) 87 B. ciliatospora (Fckl.) 87 M, tenella (Penz. & Sacc.) 87 D. mollissimum (Lasch) 87 Ph. hyalotricha (Rehm) D. albolutea (Pers.) I. pleurota (Phill.) P. reperta (Boud.) L. excipulata Clements T. crinita (Bull.) H. aquatica (Lib.) 88 89 89 90 90 91 t7'5 GENERA OF FUNGI Gymnascaceae Podocapsium Podocapsa polyspora P. diffiisum (Van Tieg.) 94 Phomataceae Sirodothis Dothiorella catenata S. populi Clements 123 Chaetoconis Kellermannia phaeodidyma Ch. polygoni (E. & E.) 125 Zythiaceae Sirocyphis Cyphina catenata S. nivea Clements 130 Leptostromataceae Petasodes Leptostromella basidiis um- bellatis P. umbellatum (Vesterg.) 133 Melanconiaceae Hormyllium Trullula hyalospora basidiis H. populi (Preuss) 13S ramosis Thecostroma Trullula hyalospora Th. nitidulum (Sacc.) 13S Moniliaceae Trichoconis Ramularia trichospora T. caudata (Ap. & Str.) 145 Tuberculariaceae Hormodochis Epidochium catenatum H. melanochlora (Desm.) 163 Cliaetodochis Chaetostroma catenatum Ch. caricis (Fckl.) 163 Glossary of Latin and English Terms a, without (in comp.) ab, from abbreviatus, sliortened abexms, deviating abhorreo, abhor, differ from abiegnus, fir abietinus, iir abnormis, abnormal abortivus, abortive abortus, aborted abrupte, abruptly abundans, abundant abunde, abundantly ac, and acaudatus, without a tail accede, to approach accessory, additional accipio, to accept acerinus, maple acervulatus, heaped, massed acervulus, i, m., a little heap acervus, i, m, a heap achromaticus, without color achrous, colorless acicularis, acicular, needle-shaped acidulus, slightly acid acies, ei, f., edge acotyledon, nis, m., cryptogam acquire, to acquire acrogenus, acrogenous, borne at tip acropleurogenus, borne at the tip and on the sides acris, sharp aculeatus, spiny, pointed aculeolatus, spiny, pointed acuminatus, long-pointed acus, us, £., needle acutatus, acute acutiusculus, somewhat acute acutus, acute ad, to adesse, to be present adhibitus, used, applied adhuc, as yet, hitherto adinterim, meanwhile admire, to look, wonder at admedum, at least, fully, very adnatus, adnate, touching broadly adparenter, apparently adproximatus, drawn near adscendens, ascending adsociatus, clustered adspectus, us, m., sight, appearance adultus, fully grown adustus, burned, blackened aecidiifermis, aecidiura-shaped aecium, a cluster cup aegre, poorly, with difficulty aemulans, rivalling aemulus, similar aeneus, brazen, coppery aequalis, equal aequans, equalling aequidistans, equally distant aerius, aerial aerebius, growing in the air aerophilus, aerial aeruginosus, copper-colored aeternus, eternal affectus, affected affixus, attached afflatus, swollen agamicus, asexual agamus, asexual ager, ri, m., field agglomeratus, heaped together aggregatus, grouped together albicans, whitening albidus, white albofarctus, white-stuffed albolutescens, whitish yellow albus, white alcoholicus, alcoholic alienus, foreign, strange aliquantisper, for a while 178 GENERA OF FUNGI aliquantulus, somewhat, a little alius, another, other alius, — alius, some — others allantoid, sausage-shaped, short and curved allantoideus, a, um, allantoid, sausage- shaped alliaceus, a, um, of an onion alpis, mountain alte, deeply alternus, a, um, alternate altitude, f., height altus, a, um, high alutaceus, grayish yellow alveolatus, a, um, with hollows amaricans, making bitter, irritating ambiens, surrounding ambitus, m., periphery amentum, n., catkin amerosporus, a, um, with one-celled spores amethysteus, a, um, amethyst-colored amissus, a, um, lost, dismissed ammoniacalis, e, like ammonia amnis, is, m., a brook amoebiformis, e, amoeba-form amoeboid, amoeba-like amoeboideus, a, um, amoeba-like amoene, beautifully amoenus, a, um, beautiful, pleasant am.oveo, to withdraw amphibius, a, um, amphibial amphigenus, a, um, borne on both sides amplectens, clasping amplecto, to wind or clasp amplus, a, um, broad, ample ampulliformis, ampulliform, cushion- like amycelicus, without mycelium amygdalinus, almond-like, pink analogus, similar anastomosans, anastomosing, running together anceps, cipitis, two-headed, double androgynus, with male and female angularis, angular angulosus, angulose, angular angustatus, narrowed angustus, narrow animalcula, ae, £., little animal annularis, ring-like annulatim, in a ring annulatus, annulate, with a ring, ringed annuliform, ring-like annulus, i, m., a ring annuosus, aged, old anormaliter, abnormally anserinus, of or pertaining to geese ante, before antecedens, preceding antheridiiformis, antheridium-like antheridium, ii, m., antherid antherozoidium, ii, n., antherozoid antice, in front aparaphysatus, without paraphyses apertus, open aperio, to open, uncover apex, icis, m., tip apiculatus, apiculate, with a point apiculiformis, like a little point apophysatus, with a supporting cell apothecium, ii, n., cup or disk con- taining asci appendicula, ae, f., little appendage appendiculatus, appendiculate, appen- daged appendix, icis, f., appendage applanatus, applanate, flattened approximatus, close, near apricus, wild apud, at apus, odis, without a stalk aquaeductus, us, m., aqueduct aquations, aquatic aquosus, watery arachnoideus, cobwebby araneosus, cobwebby arbor, is, f., tree arbusculiformis, shrub-like arete, closely arcticus, arctic arcuatim, bow-like, curved arcuatus, arcuate, bow-like area, ae, f., space areola, ae, f., little space areolatus, areolate, marked by areas or spaces arescens, drying aresco, to become dry GLOSSARY 1/9 argenteus, silvery argetitinus, silvery argillaceus, clay-color aridus, dry arista, ae, f., awn aristatus, aristate, awned arrectus, upright, stiff arrhizus, without roots articulatus, jointed articulus, i, m., joint asciger, ascus-bearing ascogenic, producing asci ascoma, atis, n., spore-fruit, ascus- bearing body ascophorus, ascus-bearing ascus, i, m., sac asiaticus, Asiatic asper, rough asperatus, asperate, roughened aspergo, to scatter, sprinkle asperulus, slightly roughened asser, eris, m., branch, beam, post assurgens, ascending asterigmaticus, without stalks asterineus, star-like, radiate asteroid, star-like, radiate asteroma-like, with radiate subicle astomus, mouthless astromatoideus, without a stroma asymmetricus, irregular ater, dark, black atomatus, with small particles atomisticus, tiny at que, also atrans, blackening atratus, dark atro-fuscus, dark atro-inquinans, blackening atro-nitidus, black and shining atropiceus, black as pitch atropurpureus, dark purple attenuatus, tapering attingens, touching attolens, raising atypicus, abnormal auctio, onis, f., growth auctor, is, comm., author auctus, enlarged audeo, to dare augmentum, i, n., increase, growth aurantiaceus, orange, golden aurantinus, orange auratus, golden aureus, golden auriformis, ear-shaped australis, southern aut, or autem, moreover authenticus, authentic autumnus, autumn avulsus, torn off, separated axicola, growing on the axis axiformis, axis-like axilaris, axillary azonus, without zones azygospore, a zygospore formed with- out conjugation B bacca, ae, f., berry baccatus, berry-like bacillaris, bacillar, rod-shaped bacteriformis, bacterium-like bactrosporus, with rod-shaped spores baculum, i, n., rod badius, brown basidiosporus, with spores borne on stalks basidium, ii, n., rod, basidium basilaris, basal basis, is, f., base bene, plainly, well benevole, kindly betulicola, growing on birch betulinus, birchen bi-, two, twice bibulus, absorbing biclavuligerus, bearing two club- shaped branches biconic, conic at each end biconvexus, biconvex bicornus, with two horns, two- branched bicorticus, with two barks bidentatus, two-toothed bifidus, split into two parts biformis, or -us, of two forms bifrons, on both sides of the leaf bifurcatus, two-forked i8o GENERA OF FUNGI biguttulatus, with two globules or vacuoles bilabellulatus, two-lipped bilabiatus, two-lipped bilobus, two-lobed bilocularis, two-celled binatim, by twos binucleolatus, with two oil-drops binus, two-fold biogenus, biogenous, growing on or- ganisms biophilus, biophilous, growing on or- ganisms bipunctatus, with two vacuoles bis, twice biscoctiformis, biscuit-shaped biserialis, in two rows biseriatus, in two rows bisporus, two-spored bitunicatus, with two walls biuncinatus, two-hooked bombardus, cannon-like borealis, northern botryosus, botryose, clustered like grapes botuliformis, botuliform, sausage- shaped brachiatus, with arms bractea, ae, f., bract brevicollis, short-necked brevis, short breviter, shortly breviusculus, somewhat short brunneolus, brownish brunneus, brown bulla, ae, f., bubble bullula, ae, f., a little swelling byssinus, cottony byssisedus, byssisede, seated en cot- ton byssoideus, byssoid, cottony byssus, i, f., cotton caerulescens, turning blue caesius, bluish-grey caespes, itis, m., tuft caespitosus, cespitose, in tufts caesus, fallen calamus, i, m., stem calcareus, of lime, calcareous calcariferus, bearing lime calcifer, bearing lime calidarium, ii, n., hot-house callosus, roughened calvescens, becoming bare calvitium, ii, n., bald spot calvus, bare, bald, not pubescent calx, calcis, £., lime calyciformis, cup-shaped calycicola, living on the calyx calycularis, cup-shaped calyptra, ae, f., cap calyx, ycis, m., calyx, cup campanulatus, bell-shaped campaniformis, bell-shaped campylotropus, curved canaliculatus, canaliculate, channeled candicans, growing white cannabinus, of hemp canus, hoary capillaris, hair-like capillatura, ae, f., mass of hair capilliform, hair-like capillitium, ii, n., mass of threads capillus, i, m., hair capitatus, capitate, in heads capitulatus, borne in little heads capitulum, i, n., a little head- capreolus, i, m., goat caprinus, of or pertaining to goats capsula, ae, f., capsule caput, itis, n., head carbo, onis, m., carbon, charcoal carbonaceus, like coal carbonicola, on burned-over ground or on charcoal carbonous, like coal or carbon carens, lacking caries, ei, f., decay carinatus, keeled cariosus, decaying carneus, flesh-colored carnosus, carnose, fleshy caro, camis, £., flesh carpogenus, living on fruit carpogonium, ii, n., carpogone cartilagineus, cartilaginous, tough but pliable caryopsis, idis, f., grain GLOSSARY castaneus, chestnut brown catenate, in chains catenifer, chain-bearing catenigerus, bearing chains catenula, ae, f., chain catenulatus, catenulate, in chains catenuliformis, chain-like catenulus, m., -a, £., a small chain caterva, ae, f., heap, crowd catervatim, in heaps, in groups Cauda, ae, f., tail caudatus, caudate, tailed caudex, icis, m., stalk caudicula, ae, f., a little stalk caulicola, growing on stems caulis, is, m., stem caulogenus, on stems caverna, ae, f., a cavern, hollow cavernosus, with hollows cavernula, ae, £., a little cavity cavitas, atis, f., cavity cavitatus, hollow cavus, i, m., hollow celans, hiding cella, ae, f., a cell celluliformis, cell-shaped cellulosus, cellular censeo, to think, estimate centrifugus, centrifugal centrum, i, n., the centre cephalodium ii, n., a globose to club- shaped projection on a lichen thallus ceraceus, waxy cerebriformis, brain-like cereus, waxy cerno, to perceive, separate cernuus, nodding, inclined cerumen, inis, n., wax cervinus, tawny cespitose, clustered, crowded ceterum, remaining chalybeus, of steel character, eris, m., character, style charta, ae, f., paper chartaceus, papery chlamydosporicus, with chlamydo- spores chlorinus, greenish chlorophyllous, green, with chloro- phyll chorda, ae, f., twine, a cord cibaria, ae, f., food cicatrix, icis, f., a scar ciliatulus, slightly ciliate ciliatus, ciliate, with long hairs on the margin ciliolatus, ciliolate, with cilia cincinnatus, curled cinctus, surrounded cmerascens, becoming ashen cinereus, ashen cingens, surrounding cingulatus, surrounded cingulus, i, m., a little belt cinnabarinus, orange red cinnamomeus, cinnamon-colored circa, near circinatus, circinate, coiled circino, to circle circiter, about circuitus, us, m., a circuit circulus, i, m., a circle circumambiens, encircling circumdatus, surrounded circumscissile, splitting circularly circumscriptus, circumscribed circumtextus, surrounded circumvallatus, surrounded cirrhatus, curled cirrhosus, curly citatus, cited cite, to name, mention cite, soon, rather citriformis, citriform, lemon-shaped citrinus, lemon yellow cladodium, ii, n., a leaf, branch cladogenus, borne on branches clathratus, clathrate, latticed clausus, closed clava, ae, £., a club clavaria-like, club-shaped, or coral- like clavatus, club-shaped claviformis, club-shaped clavis, is, f., a key claviila, ae, f., a little club clavulatus, club-shaped clypeatus, shield-like clypeus, i, m., a shield l82 GENERA OF FUNGI coacervatus, coacervate, heaped to- gether coadunatio, onis, f., a summing up coadunatus, united, collected coaiescens, coalesced, running to- gether coalitus, joined, running together coarctatus, crowded coccineus, bright red coccus, i, m., round cell, berry cochleariformis, spoon-shaped cochleatus, ear-like coctus, cooked coenobium, ii, n., a colony coerulescens, turning blue coffeatus, coffee-like coffeicolor, coffee-colored coffeiformis, coffee-shaped cognatus, related cogo, to act, collect cohabitans, living together cchaerens, cohering collabasco, to fall in collabens, collapsing, crumbling up collabent, collapsing, falling in coUapsus, collapsed collariatus, collared, attached to a collar collectivus, collected coUiculosus, with tiny elevations coUum, i, n., a neck colonia, ae, f., a colony color, is, m., color coloratio, onis, f., coloration, color coloratus, colored coloreus, colored columella, ae, f., a small pillar, colu- mella columnaris, columnar comatus, shaggy comestibilis, eatable commissura, ae, f., commissure, path, cleft commixtus, commingled communico, to share, communicate communis, common comosus, hairy compactus, dense compaginatus, united complectens, comprising, clasping complecto(r), to clasp complexus, complex compositus, composed, compound compressus, compressed concatenatus, in chains concavus, concave concentricus, concentric conceptaculum, i, n., conceptacle ccnchiformis, conchiform, shell- shaped concolor, concolorous, of like color concrescens, growing together concretus, united condensus, condensed conditio, onis, f., condition confero, to collect confertus, crowded confirmatio, onis, f., confirmation conflatus, swollen conhuens, running together ccnfluo, to merge conformis, all alike, similar confundo, to mingle, confuse congestus, crowded conglobatus, conglobate, heaped to- gether conglomeratus, heaped conglutinatus, conglutinate, glued to- gether congregatus, aggregated congruo, to agree conicus, conical conidium, ii, n., an asexual spore conidial, producing or pertaining to conidia conidicus, conidial conidiferus, conidia-bearing conidiophorum, i, n., a hypha bearing conidia, a condiophore conjugatio, onis, f., conjugation connatus, connate, joined connexus, connected connivens, connivent, approaching conoideus, conoid, cone-shaped consortium, ii, n., company conspergens, sprinkled conspersus, scattered conspicuus, conspicuous conspurcatus, polluted constipatio, onis, f., a crowding GLOSSARY 183 constituens, constituting consuetude, inis, f., a liabit consumptus, destroyed contemno, to condemn, disparage ccntextum, i, ii., texture, context contiguus, close continens, containing continuus, continuous, one-celled contortus, twisted contra, against contractus, narrowed contusus, bruised conus, i, m., a cone convergens, coming together convolutus, convolute, coiled convolutio, onis, f., a fold copiosus, abundant coprophilus, growing on dung copulans, copulating coralloid, coral-like coralloideus, coralloid, like much- branched coral coriaceus, leathery corneus, corneous, horn-like corniculatus, corniculate, horned ccrniformis, horn-shaped ccrnutus, horned coronatus, crowned corpusculum, i, n., a little body corrugatus, corrugate, ridged corruptus, corrupted, spoiled cortex, icis, m., the bark corticalis, cortical, of bark corticatus, corticate, with a bark or epiderm corticola, corticole, growing on bark cortina, ae, f., veil cortinate, with a curtain-like veil corvinus, pertaining to the raven, black costa, ae, f., ridge ccstatus, costate, ridged crassities, ei, f., thickness crassitude, inis, f., thickness, width crassiusculus, somewhat broad crassus, broad crateriformis, crateriform, crater- shaped creber, crowded creraicolor, cream-colored cribrosus, sieve-like crinitus, hairy, crested crispulus, somewhat crisp crispus, crisp crista, ae, f., crest cristatus, crested crocatus, yellow croceus, yellow cruciatim, cruciately, cross-like cruentatus, bloody crusta, ae, f., crust crustaceous, crust-like crustiformis, crust-shaped crustose, forming a crust, more or less interrupted crustula, ae, f., a little crust cubile, is, n., a bed cuboideus, cuboid, cubical cucullatus, hooded cucumeriformis, cucumber-shapea. culmicola, growing on grass-stems culmus, i, m., culm, a stalk, stem cultellus, i, m., a small knife culter, tri, m., a knife cultriformis, knife-like cultus, cultivated cum, with cumulatus, heaped up cuneatus, wedge-shaped cuneiformis, wedge-shaped cuniculus, i, m., a rabbit cupreus, coppery cuprinus, coppery cupula, ae, £., a little cup cupularis, cupulatus, cupuliformis, cup-shaped curtus, short curvatus, curved cusp, a point cuspidatus, cuspidate, with a tooth cuticula, ae, f., cuticle cuticularized, with firm cover or cuti- cle cutis, is, f., the skin cyaneus, blue cyathiformis, cup-like cyclus, i, m., a cycle cylindraceus, cylindricus, cylindrical cymbiformis, boat-shaped cyphella, ae, f., an opening or hollow GENERA OF FUNGI in a thallus, more or less cup- shaped cystidium, ii, n., cyst cystophore, the stalk which bears a cell or cyst D daedaleus, labyrinthine dealbatus, whitened debilis, weak deciduus, falling decies, ten times decorticatus, without bark decumbens, prostrate decurrens, decurrent, running down the stem defectus, lacking deficiens, lacking deficio, to lack definitus, definite deflexus, deflexed deformus, deformed degenero, to degenerate dehiscens, dehiscent, splitting dein, then, at length dejectus, fallen dejiciens, throwing down delicatulus, delicate delineatus, figured aeliquescens, deliquescing, liquefying delitescens, hiding delitesco, to conceal, lurk deltoideus, delta-like, triangular dematium-like, black and cobwebby dematius, black and cottony demonstro, to show demum, at length dendritice, dendritically, tree-like dendriticus, tree-like dendroideus, dendroid, tree-like denigratus, blackened denique, at length densus, close, dense dentatus, toothed denticulatus, denticulate, with little teeth denudans, denuding denudatus, denuded deorsum, downward dependens,' hanging deplanatus, flattened depressus, depressed derumpens, breaking descendens, descending desciscens, leaving, deserting describo, to describe descriptus, described desicco, to dry up desinens, ending, closing desum, to fail, be absent destitutus, lacking destruens, destroying detergibilis, removable, breakable deustus, burnt diametralis, of the diameter diametrum, i, n., diameter diaphanus, diaphanous, transparent diatrype-like, with a stroma different from the tissue of the matrix dichotomus, dichotomous, two-forked diclinus, with separate sexes dictyospcrus, spores having cross and longitudinal walls didymosporus, with two-celled spores didymus, two-fold or two-celled differo, to differ difficilis, difficult diffluens, diffluent, dissolving diffractus, broken diformis, of two forms digestus, broken up digitifcrmis, finger-shaped digitaliformis, digitate, finger-like digitatus, digitate, having fingers dignosco, to differ dignotus, to distinguish dilabens, breaking apart dilatatus, spread out dilute, dilutely dilutus, dilute dimidiatus, dimidiate, two-lobed, halved dimidius, half dimorphus, of two forms dioecious, sex organs on separate plants directio, onis, f., direction directus, straight dirumpens, breaking apart disciformis, disc-shaped discolorus, discolorous, discolored GLOSSARY i8S discretus, discrete, separate discrimen, inis, n., difference disculus, i, m., little disc disfractus, broken disparens, disappearing dispergens, scattering dispositus, arranged disruptus, broken disseco, to cut up dissectus, cut up disseminatus, scattered dissentio, to disagree dissepimentum, i, n., partition, wall distal, distant, further distans, remote distichus, distichous, in two rows distingue, to distinguish diu, long divaricatus, spreading divergens, diverging diversimodus, in different ways diversus, diverse, different divinans, conjecturing divisio, onis, f., a division divisus, divided doliiformis, doliiform, cask-shaped, jar-shaped dolium, ii, n., cask, jar donacinus, of a reed donatus, furnished dorsiventral, with two unlike sides dorsum, i, n., back dothideaceus, like Dothidea, i. e., lo- culate dubitantur, doubtfully dubius, doubtful duco, to lead ductus, led dulcis, sweet dumetum, i, n., a thicket duo, two duodecim, twelve duple, twice duriusculus, somewhat hard durities, ei, f., hardness durus, hard eburneus, ivory-white ecaudatus, without a tail eccentricus, eccentric, lateral echinatus, spiny echinulatus, echinulate, spiny edulis, edible effiguratus, shaped, formed eftoetus, worn out effermatus, formed efiusus, effuse, spread out egrediens, growing out elasticus, elastic elatus, tall elevatus, raised ellipticus, elliptical ellipseideus, ellipsoid elongatus, lengthened emarginatus, without a margin emergens, emerging emergo, to emerge emersus, emerging emittens, emitting emortuus, dead enatus, arising from endobasidial, continuous with the bas- idium endobiotic, growing within living things endochroma, atis, n., colored contents endogenus, endogenous, born within er:doperidium, ii, n., inner peridium endophytic, growing in plants endoplasma, atis, n., protoplasm endoxylus, within wood endozoic, growing in animals enim, for endoparasiticus, internally parasitic entomogenus, entomogenous, living in insects epelliculosus, without a covering or pellicle epidermis, idis, f., epiderm, the sur- face skin epigaeus, epigaean, on the ground epigenus, borne above epipWoeodus, on the bark cpiphragma, an upper wall or division epiphyllus, on the upper side of the leaf epiphytic, upon plants episporium, ii, n., outer wall of spore epithecium, a layer above the asci, usu- ally formed of the tips of the paraphy- ses i86 GENERA OF FUNGI epizoic, growing on animals equinus, equine, belonging to horses erectus, erect ergo, therefore erostratus, without a beak erostris, without a beak erraticus, erratic, wandering error, is, m., error eiuctatus, thrown up erumpens, bursting out erysiphoideus, like Erysiphe, cob- webby eseptate, without cross walls estriatus, without lines or markings etiam, also etsi, although eumorphus, well-formed eut5rpe-like, eutypeous, eutypoid, with an effuse stroma similar to the tis- sue of the matrix evacuans, emptying evacuatus, emptied evade, to escape evaginatus, without a sheath evanescens, evanescent, disappearing evanidus, vanishing evidentius, more clearly evolutus, developed evolvatus, without a volva evolvens, developing exacte, exactly exalbescens, becoming white exalbidus, whitish exalbugo, to whiten exannulatus, without a ring exappendiculatus, not appendaged exaridus, dried out exasperans, roughened exasperatus, roughened exaspero, to roughen excavatio, onis, f., an excavation, hol- lowing out excavatus, hollowed out excedens, exceeding excentric, out of the centre, lateral exciple, the outer wall or covering of an apothecium excipuliformis, cup-shaped excipulum, i, n., exciple, margin excrescens, growing out excutiens, shaking out exemplaris, model exemplarium, ii, n., specimen, sample exemplum, i, n., an example exesus, consumed, destroyed exhibens, exhibiting exigens, scanty exiguitas, atis, £., smallness, scantiness exiguus, little, small exilis, thin, slender eximie, exceedingly cxistimo, to estimate exitus, us, m., a departure, escape e:cobasidial, separated by a wall from the basidium exogenus, arising on the outside exoperidium, ii, n., outer peridium exoriens, arising exosporium, ii, n., exospore, outer wall of the spore expallens, becoming pale explodens, exploding expulsus, expelled exquisite, beautifully exsertus, exserted, thrust out exsiccatio, onis, f., a drying out exsiccatus, dried out exsiliens, escaping exsuccus, without milk or juice extensio, onis, f., extension externus, external extimus, outermost, ultimate extra, without, outside extrico, to extricate extrorsum, toward the edge extus, outside •p fabiformis, bean-shaped fabrica, ae, £., texture facies, ei, f., face, form facilis, easily fagineus, beechen falcatus, falcate, scythe-shaped, curved falciformis, beak-shaped, scythe- shaped familia, ae, f., family familiola, ae, f., a little family farctus, stuflfed GLOSSARY 187 farina, ae, f., meal, flour farinaceus, mealy fascia, ae, f., fascicle fasciatus, grouped fasciculatus, fasciculate, fascicled, in bundles fastigiatus, bunched fatiscens, disappearing, breaking up favosus, hollow femineus, feminine fenestratus, with windows or open- ings fere, almost fermentatio, onis, f., fermentation fermentum, i, n., yeast ferruginascens, turning rust-colored ferrugineus, rust-colored ferrumequinum, i, n., a horse-shoe ferrum, i, n., iron fibra, ae, f., a fiber, filament fibrilla, ae, f., little fibril fibrillula, ae, f., a little fibril fibrosus, fibrous fictitius, fictitious filamentosus, filamentous, thread-like filia, ae, f., daughter filiformis, filiform, thread-shaped filiger, filament-bearing filum-, i, n., thread fimbria, ae, f., fringe fimbrians, fringing fimbriatulus, slightly fringed fimbriatus, fimbriate, fringed fimicola, fimicole, dwelling on dung fimus, i, m., dung fjndo, to cleave, divide firmulus, somewhat firm fissilis, cleft, ruptured tissuratus, fissured, split fissus, split iistulosus, hollow flabelliformis, fan-shaped flaccidus, weak fJagella, ae, f., lash iiagellatus, bearing long bristles or threads flagelliformis, lash-like flamens, flame-colored flavens, yellowing flavidus, yellowish flavus, yellow flexuosus, flexuous, full of turns or windings fJexus, bent tlocciforniis, tuft-like tioccosus, floccose, cottony fioccus, i, m., tuft fioralis, floral fiumen, inis, n., river fiuvius, ii, m., a river fluxilis, flowing foedatus, dark, soiled foetidus, with a bad odor foliicola, foliicole, living on leaves foliose, like a leaf in form folium, ii, n., leaf foramen, inis, n., a hole forma, ae, f., form formans, forming formo, to form formosus, beautiful fornix, icis, m., a vault forsan, perhaps forsitan, perhaps fortasse, perhaps forte, strongly fovens, nourishing fraccidus, soft, mellow fractus, broken fragilis, fragile fragmentum, i, n., a bit, fragment frequens, frequent friabilis, falling to pieces frigidarium, ii, n., a cold place, cold storage frondosus, leafy frcns, dis, f., a leaf fructicola, living on fruits fructiferus, fructifer, fruit-bearing fructificans, fruiting fructificatio, nis, f., fruiting fructus, us, m., fruit frustulatus, fragmentary frustum, i, n., a bit, piece fruticosus, fruticose, shrub-like fruticulosus, fruticulose, shrub-like fucatus, colored fugans, fleeting fulciens, supporting fuligineus, fuliginous, sooty i88 GENERA OF FUNGI fuligo, inis, f., soot fultus, supported fulvellus, somewhat tawny fulvescent, becoming tawny fumagineus, fumaginous, smoky. fumosus, smoky glaber, smooth glabrescens, becoming smooth glacies, ei, f., glacier, ice glans, glandis, {., a nut, glaucescens, turning bluish-green glaucus, sea-green fungicola, fungicole, growing on fungigleba, ae, f., soil, mass fungillus, i, m., a little fungus fungus, i, m., a fungus funicularis, rope-like funiculus, i, m., a little rope funiformis, rope-like furcatus, furcate, forked furfur, uris, m., bran furfuraceus, bran-like furfurellus, covered with bran fuscatus, darkened fuscellus, somewhat dark fuscescens, darkening fuscidus, dark fuscidulus, dark fuscus, dark, or dark brown fusiformis, fusiform, spindle-shaped globosus, globose, rounded globuliger, bearing a ball globulus, i, m., a globule glomerula, ae, f., a little mass glomerulatim, in heaps gluten, inis, n., glue glutinosus, glutinous gonidium, ii, n., an algal cell gossypinus, cottony gracilis, graceful, slender gradatim, gradually gradus, us, m., grade, step gramen, inis, n., grass gramineus, grassy graminicola, growing on grass grandis, large fusisporus, with spindle-shaped spores grandiusculus, somewhat large fusoideus, fusoid, spindle-shaped granulatus, granular ke galeiformis, hood-shaped galeriformis, cap-shaped gamete, sex-cell gangliformis, forming knots gangligerus, bearing knots gelatina, ae, f., gelatine geminatus, paired, twinned gemmiparus, producing buds generans, generating genesis, is, f., origin geniculatus, bent genuflexus, bent genuinus, genuine genus, eris, n., genus gerens, bearing germinans, germinating germinatio, onis, f., germination gibbosus, swollen gigastylosporus, with very large sty- lospores gignens, producing gigno, to bear gilvus, brownish granulosus, granular graphidoideus, long and cleft, Graphis graveolens, of unpleasant odor gregarius, gregarious, in clusters gregatim, in clusters grex, gregis, m., a flock griseolus, grayish griseus, gray grossus, thick grumosus, heaped grumulus, i, m., a heap gumosus, gummy gutta, ae, f., a vacuole guttatus, with little drops guttula, ae, f., a drop or vacuole guttulosus, with drops gyalectoideus, Gyalecta-like gypseus, gypsum-like gyrosus, gyrose, spiral H habeo, to have habitatio, onis, f., habitat habitus, us, m., habit GLOSSARY 189 hactenus, up to the present time haerens, adhering haereo, to hold to halos, o, f., a halo hamatus, hamate, hooked haud, not at all haustorium, ii, n., a sucker helicoideus, spiral-like heliotropicus, heliotropic helvolus, deep purple herba, ae, f., a plant herbicola, dwelling on herbs heterogamete, one of two unlike sex- cells heterogeneus, different heteroicus, on two hosts heteromorphus, heteromorphic, of different kinds hexagonus, hexagonal hexasporus, six-spored hians, gaping hiascens, gaping hibernans, resting hicillic, here and there hinc, hence hirtellus, somewhat shaggy hodiernus, of today homogeneus, homogeneous homoicus, on one host hcmomorphus, alike, of one form horizontalis, horizontal hornotinus, of this year hortus, i, m., a garden hospes, itis, m., a host hospitalis, of a host hue, hither, in this direction humectatus, wet humectus, moist humidulus, moist humilis, low, small humistratus, moist humus, i, f., the earth hyalinulus, somewhat clear hyalinus, hyaline, clear hyalosporus, with clear, one-celled spores hydrophilus, aquatic hygrometricus, absorbing moisture hygrophanus, translucent hymeniferus, membrane-bearing hymenium, ii, n., fruiting surface, con- sisting of asci, or of basidia. hymenophorum, i, n., that which bears the hymenium hypertrophiens, hypertrophying hypha, ae, f., a fungus filament hyphasma, atis, n., the mycelium. hyphoideus, hypha-like hyphomycetus, mould-like, cobwebby hypocreaceus, Hypocrea-like, fleshy and bright-colored hypodermicus, under the epiderm hypogaeus, hypogaean, tmderground hypogenus, on the under side hypophloeodus, under the bark hypophyllus, on the under side of leaf hypostroma, atis, n., lower stroma hypothallus, i, m., hypothallus hypothecium, the area just below the layer of asci hysteriformis, Hysterium-like, long and cleft hysterinus, long and cleft as in Hys- terium hysterothecium, an oblong or linear perithecium opening by a cleft ibi, there, then icon, onis, £., an image, figure idem, the same ideoque, therefore idoneus, fit igitur, therefore, accordingly ignotus, unknown imbricatus, imbricate immaculatus, without spots immarginatus, without a margin immaturus, young immediate, directly immersus, sunken immutatus, unchanged impalpabilis, extremelj' fine and min- ute impervius, impervious implens, filling implexus, infolded impolitus, not polished impositus, imposed igo GENERA OF FUNGI imprimis, especially improbabile, improbably imus, lowest inaequilateralis, unequal-sided inaequaliter, unequally inaequipolaris, with unequal poles inanis, empty inarticulatus, without divisions incarceratus, hidden incarnatus, pink incertus, uncertain incisio, onis, f., incision, cutting incisus, cut inclinatus, bent inclusus, inclosed incoctus, not cooked incolens, dwelling in incoloratus, without color inconditus, confused, unformed incrassatulus, somewhat thickened incrassatus, broadened, thickened incresco, to grow in, increase incumbens, lying upon incurviusculus, somewhat incurved incusus, forged, made indeterminatus, indefinite indico, to indicate indigito, to utter, announce indivisus, undivided indoles, is, f., nature, natural ability indumentum, i, n., a covering induratus, hardened indurescens, growing hard indusium, ii, n., indusium indutus, covered ir^eptum, improper inermis, unarmed inferior, lower inferus, below, lower infestans, infesting inficiens, infecting infimus^ lowest infixus, fastened in inflans, inflating inflatus, inflated infossus, sunken infra, lower, below infundibuliformis, infundibuliform, fun- nel-shaped infuscatus, darkened initio, at first initium, ii, n., the beginning innatus, innate innotesco, to become clear innumerus, innumerable inordinatus, without order inquinans, blackening inquinatus, dirty inquirendus, to be investigated insculptus, insculptate, hollowed insectum, i, n., insect insertio, onis, £., insertion insertus, inserted insidens, seated upon insitus, ingrafted inspersus, scattered inspissatus, thickened instar, like instructus, built up insuetus, unusual insula, ae, f., an island integer, whole intense, intensely intercalary, in the midst of, between interdum, sometimes interim, meanwhile intermedins, intermediate intermixtus, mixed with internervius, between the nerves internus, internal interspersus, interspersed, scattered interstitium, ii, n., a space intertextus, intertwined intus, within intracellaris, within the cell intrans, entering intricatus, intertwined intumescens, swelling intus, within invasus, invaded inversus, inverted investiens, covering invicem, in turn, mutually involucrum, i, n., involucre ipse, self irregularis, irregular irregulariter, irregularly irrepens, creeping in irroratus, bedewed isabellinus, isabel-colored GLOSSARY 191 isogamete, one of two similar sex- cells isthmus, i, m., a connection itaque, therefore iteratus, repeatedly J jacio, to throw jamdudum, this long time jodicus, of iodine jodus, i, m., iodine junior, younger, young jus, juris, n., law, right juvenilis, young juxta, near L labiatus, lipped labium, ii, n., lip labrum, i, n., a lip labyrinthus, labyrinthian, tortuose laccatus, milky lacerans, tearing laceratus, lacerate, torn lacerus, torn lacinia, ae, f., a tear laciniatus, laciniate, torn, lobed lacrimiformis, tear-like lactens, milky lactescens, milky lactiginosus, filled with milk, milky lacuna, ae, f., a hole lacunosus, lacunose, with hollows lac, lactis, n., milk lacus, us, m., a lake laeticolor, bright-colored laetus, bright laevis, smooth lageniformis, flask-shaped lamella, ae, £., gill lamina, ae, f., scale, layer, blade laminaris, leaf-like lanatus, woolly lanceolatus, lance-shaped languens, withering lanosus, woolly lanuginosus, woolly laricinus, of larch larva, ae, f., larva lateritius, brick red latitude, inis, f., width latiusculus, somewhat wide latus, eris, n., the side latus, broad, wide laxus, loose lectus, collected lego, to collect leiosporus, with smooth spores leniter, slightly, gently lenticularis, lenticular, lens-shaped lentiformis, lens-shaped lentus, tough, flexible leporinus, of a hare leptodermus, thin-walled leprosus, scab-like leucosporus, with white spores levis, light, smooth levitas, atis, f., smoothness liber, free liberatus, freed lichenicola, lichenicole, growing on lichens lichenoideus, lichen-like ligneus, woody lignatilis, of wood lignicola, lignicole, growing on wood lignum, i, n., wood lilacinus, lilac-colored limbatus, bordered limbum, i, n., limb, border limes, itis, m., limit limitatus, limited limoniformis, lemon-shaped linea, ae, f., line linearis, linear lineola, ae, f., little line linguiformis, tongue-shaped liquifaciens, liquifying liquo, to melt lirella, ae, f., furrow lirelliform, furrow-like lividus, livid, purple lobulatus, somewhat lobed locandus, to be located locatus, located locellatus, with chambers locellus, i, m., a little cell loco, to place, locate loculiferus, containing hollows loculus, i, m., locule, place, cell, hol- low 192 GENERA OF FUNGI locus, i, m., place longicoUus, with long beaks Icngior, longer longitrorsum, longitudinally longitudinalis, lengthwise longus, long Icphus, i, m., a crest lubricus, slippery lucidus, clear, lucid ludibundus, playful lumen, inis, n., opening lunatus, crescent-shaped lunulate, crescent-shaped luridus, lurid luteus, yellow lutescens, yellowish lux, lucis, f., light M maceratus, softened macro-, large macrostylospora, ae, f., large stylo- spore macula, ae, f., a spot macularis, spotted maculicola, dwelling on spots maculiformis, spot-shaped madidus, moist, wet ii?agis, more magniguttatus, with one or two large globules magnitude, inis, f., size magnus, great, large majusculus, somewhat large male, poorly mamillaris, protuberant mamilliformis, shaped like a papilla manifestus, evident mappa, ae, f., a map marcescens, withering marginatus, margined margo, inis, m., and f., margin marmoratus, marble-like massa, ae, f., mass massula, ae, £., a little mass matricalis, belonging to the matrix matrix, icis, f., matrix, layer or tis- sue maturus, mature maturescens, ripening maxime, greatly mazaedium, i, n., a dough-like mass of spores and paraphyses medietas, atis, f., middle mediocris, average mediocriter, moderately medius, i, m., medium medulla, ae, f., the pith, medulla medullary, belonging to the pith or medulla meduUatus, stufifed, pithy m.elancsporus, with black spores melioideus, meliola-like melius, better melleus, honey-colored mellinus, honey-colored membrana, ae, £., membrane membranaceus, membranaceous, mem- branous, thin or membrane-like memoria, ae, f., memory mens, mentis, £., mind merenchymaticus, with many cells merens, deserving meridionalis, southern mesogenus, mesogenous, borne in the middle mesopodes, with stem in the middle mesopus, with central stalk metageneticus, metagenetic metallicus, metallic metiens, measuring metulaeformis, pyramid-shaped metuliformis, pyramid-shaped micro-, small microconidiophorus, bearing small conidia microcystis, small-celled micronemeus, with short hyphae micropycnidium, ii, n., small pycnidi- um microscopium, ii, n., microscope microstylospora, ae, £., microstylo- spore migro, to move miniatus, bright red minimum, least minor, smaller minuties, ei, £., detail minutus, minute GLOSSARY 193 mitis, pleasant, mild mitratus, mitre-shaped mobilis, mobile, moving molecularis, molecule-like moUiusculus, somewhat smooth mollis, smooth moneo, to caution, warn monile, is, n., a chain, necklace moniliformis, chain-like monoascus, with one ascus monocephalus, monocephalic, one- headed monocyclus, with one cycle monoicus, monoecious monoplastus, uniform, with one pro- toplast monospermus, one-spored monosporus, one-spored monostichus, monostichous, in one row mens, tis, m., a mountain monstrosus, monstrous montanus, mountainous montosus, mountainous morbosus, diseased moriens, dying mos, moris, m., manner motilis, motile, able to move movens, moving mox, at length mucedineus, white and cottony mucilage, inis, f., mucilage mucosas, mucose, slimy, mucous mucus, i, m., mucus mucro, onis, m., a point mucronatus, pointed mucronulatus, with a little point mucronulus, i, m., a little point multifidus, multifid, many-divided multiguttatus, with many oil-drops multilocularis, many-celled multiloculatus, with many cells multinucleate, with many nuclei multisporus, many-spored multizonatus, with many zones multoties, many times, often multus, much munitus, furnished muralis, muriform muriculatus, muriculate, spiny muriformis, muriform, with cross and longitudinal walls murinus, mouse-colored murus, i, m., wall muscosus, mossy mutans, changing mutatus, changed muticus, muticate, not pointed muto, to change mutue, mutually mutuus, mutual mycelialis, mycelial mycelicus, mycelial mycelium, ii, n., mycelium mycogenus, dwelling on fungi mycologus, i, m., a student of fungi myochrous, mouse-colored myriosporus, with many spores mytiliform, shell-like N nascens, arising nascor, to be born natalis, native naufragium, ii, n., shipwreck navel, point of attachment navicularis, boat-shaped nebulosus, nebulous, cloudy, dark nee, not nectriaceus, Nectria-like nemorosus, woody, shady neque, and not nervicola, growing on veins nervi-sequus, nervi-sequens, follow- ing the veins mdulans, nesting nidulor, to nest niduo, to nest niger, black nigredo, inis, f., blackness nigresco, to grow black nigricans, blackening nigrifactus, blackened nigrificatus, made black nigrolimitatus, black-lined nigropilus, black-hairy nigropunctulatus, black-dotted nigrostrigosus, black-hairy nimium, too, too much nisi, unless 194 GENERA OF FUNGI nitens, shining niteo, to shine niveus, snow-white nobilis, grand nodosus, with joints noduliferus, bearing knots nodulosus, with joints nodus, i, m., a joint, knot nomen, inis, n., a name non, not nondum, not yet nonne, not nonnihil, somewhat nonnisi, except nonnuUus, some normalis, normal notatus, marked notus, known novus, new nubecula, ae, f., a little cloud jiubilosus, cloudy nucleatus, nucleate nucleiferus, nucleus-bearing nucleolus, nucleole nucleus, i, m., center, nucleus nudiusculus, somewhat naked nudus, naked nullimodus, in no wise nullus, none numerosus, numerous Humerus, i, m., a number numquam, never nunc, now nutiquam = ne-utiquam, by no means nuto, to incline nutrix, icis, f., host nux, nucis, f., a nut O ob, for, toward, on account of obclavatus, reversed club-shaped obconicus, reversed-conical obducens, covering obduco, to cover oblique, obliquely obliterans, disappearing obliteratus, lost, destroyed oblongatus, oblong oblongus, oblong obpyriformis, obpiriform, reversed pear-shaped obrutus, covered obscurus, dark observandum, to be observed observatus, found obsessus, surrounded obsolesco, to become obsolete obsoletus, obsolete, lacking obtectus, covered obtegens, covering obturaculum, i, n., opening obtusangulus, with obtuse angles obtusatus, obtuse obtusus, obtuse obtutus, us, m., a looking at obvallatus, surrounded obvelo, to cover obvius, clear, open obvolvens, enveloping occellatus, with openings occulo nudo, -with unaided eye occupans, occupying ochraceus, pale yellow, ochreous ochrosporus, with yellow or yellow- brown spores octavus, eighth octo, eight octonus, in eights octoseptatus, with eight cross-walls octosporus, eight-spored oleosus, oily, with oil drops oligosporus, few-spored olim, formerly olivascens, olivascent, becoming olive olivaceus, olive omissus, omitted omnino, everywhere, entirely cosporous, with resting spores formed by the union of unlike sex-cells, e.g., of egg and sperm opacus, opaque opalinus, clear operculatus, operculate, with a lid operculiformis, lid-shaped operculum, i, n., a cover, lid oppidum, i, n., a town oppletus, filled oppositus, placed orbicularis, orbicular, round orbiculatim, circularly GLOSSARY 195 orbis, is, m., a circle ordo, inis, m., order organicus, organic organum, i, n., an organ oriens, arising orientalis, eastern orificium, i, n., opening originalis, original origo, inis, f., origin orior, to arise ornatus, furnished orthotropus, straight ortus, arisen OS, oris, n., mouth oscillans, oscillating osculum, i. n., mouth ostendo, to show ostiolatus, ostiolate, with a mouth ostiolum, i, n., ostiole, opening ovalis, oval ovaricola, growing in ovaries ovatus, egg-shaped ovinus, of or belonging to a sheep ovoideus, nearly egg-shaped pachydermaticus, thick-walled pachypleurus, thick-walled paene, nearly paenultimus, next to the last pagina, ae, f., page, side paliformis, paliform, stake-shaped, palisade-like pallescens, turning pale pallidus, pale palmatus, palmate, hand-like, palm- like palmicola, growing on palms palpebra, ae, f., eyelid paludosus, msrshy palumbinus, dove-colored, grayish palus, udis, f., a marsh, swamp panicula, ae, f., a panicle paniculatus, paniculate, branched panis, is, m., bread pannosus, pannose, ragged pannum, i, n., a rag, cloth papillaris, papillate papillatus, with papilla, papillate papilliformis, like a papilla papillula, ae, £., a little papilla papillulatus, with a very small nipple or papilla papulosus, with many pustules papyraceus, papery paradoxus, strange, contrary parallelus, parallel parasiticus, parasitic parcus, few, scanty parenchymaticus, parenchyma-like paries, etis, m., a wall paritas, atis, f., equality paroechia, ae, f., parish pars, partis, f., a part partitus, divided parum, too little parvulus, small parvus, small pascuum, i, n., pasture passim, everywhere patellaris, dish-like patelliformis, shaped like a dish patens, spreading patenter, openly patior, to support, endure patulus, spreading paucilocularis, few-celled paucus, few paulatim, gradually paulisper, for a little while paulo, a little pectinatus, comb-like peculiaris, peculiar pedatus, foot-like pedicellatus, with a pedicel pedicellus, i, m., pedicel pediculatus, pedicelled pedunculatus, stalked pedunculicola, growing on peduncles pellicle, skin, covering pellicula, ae, f., a little skin pelliculosus, with a covering pelluciditas, atis, £., clearness pellucidus, pellucid, clear peltatus, shield-shaped pendo, to hang pendulus, hanging penetrans, penetrating penicillate, brush-like penicilliformis, brush-like 196 GENERA OF FUNGI pentagonus, pentagonal per, through peraffinis, closely related perbrevis, very short percursus, run through perdurans, resting perduro, to last perennans, perennial perennis, perennial perexiguus, very thin perexilis, very slender perfectus, complete, perfect perforans, perforating perforatus, perforated perfossus, hollowed out pericarpium, ii, n., pericarp, covering peridermicus, belonging to the peri- derm peridermium, ii, n., periderm peridium, ii, n., peridium periphericus, peripheral around the edge peristomium, ii, n., mouth perithecialis, perithecial perithecigerus, perithecium-bearing perithecioid, perithecium-like peritheciophorus, bearing perithecia peronatus, rough, rough-booted perparum, very little perrumpens, breaking through persicinus, peach-colored persistans, persistent perspiciens, transparent perspicuus, clear persuasus, convinced pertenuis, very thin pertineo, to belong pertusus, protruded pes, pedis, m., foot petiolum, i, n., petiole petrifactus, made like rock, hardened pezizoideus, pezizoid, cup-fungus-like, cup-like phacidiodeus, like Phacidium, black and disk-like phaeophragmeus, with dark transep- tate spores phaeosporus, with dark, one-celled spores phaseoliformis, bean-shaped phomatoideus, Phoma-like phyllogenus, phyllogenous, borne on leaves phyllostictoideus, Phyllosticta-like phytogenus, growing on plants phj^ographus, i, m., a botanist phytophilus, phytophilous, growing on plants pictura, ae, f., a painting pictus, colored pileatus, cap-shaped pileus, i, m., a cap pilosellus, somewhat hairy pilosus, pilose, with hairs piluin, i, n., a hair pineus, piny pingo, to paint pinna, ae, f., a leaflet pinnatus, pinnate piperatus, peppery, pungent piscis, is, m., a fish pisum, i, n., pea placenta, ae, f., placenta placentiformis, placenta-like plaga, ae, f., a spot plagula, ae, £., a little spot plaguliformis, spot-like planta, ae, f., a plant plantula, ae, f., a little plant planus, plane, flat plasma, atis, n., plasm, mass Plasmodium, ii, n., protoplasm-like mass pleiosporus, many-spored plenus, full plerumque, for the most part pleuroacrogenus, borne at the tip and at the sides pleurogenus, pleurogenous, borne on the walls or sides plica, ae, f., a fold plicatus, plicate, folded pliciformis, fold-form plumbeus, lead-colored plures, many pluriarticulatus, many-celled pluriciliate, with many cilia plurifurcatus, many forked pluriguttulatus, many guttulate plurilocellatus, with many hollows GLOSSARY 197 pluriperforate, with several openings pluristratosus, many-layered poculiformis, cup-shaped podetium, i, n., a stalk-like or cup- like erect thallus polaris, polar politus, polished poUeo, to be able, avail pollex, icis, m., thumb pollicaris, thumb-like, an inch long polus, i, m., a pole poly-, many polyascus, with many asci pclyblastus, many-celled polycephalus, polycephalous, with many heads polyedricus, polyhedral polygonus, with many angles polyrrhizus, with many roots polystichus, polystichous, rn many rows pondus, eris, n., weight populus, i, f., poplar porosus, with pores porrigo, to stretch out porus, i, m., a pore positus, placed possum, to be able postea, hereafter postice, at the back postremus, last potius, rather praecedens, preceding praecipue, especially praeclarus, distinguished praecox, early, abundant praeditus, furnished praeferendum, preferred praelongus, very long praeprimis, especially praesens, present praesertim, particularly praestans, distinguishing, excelling praesumptus, assumed, presumed praetereaque, besides, moreover praeteritus, past pratum, i, n., a meadow primitivus, primitive primitus, at first primus, first prioritas, atis, f., priority prismaticus, prismatic privus, without, deprived pro, for probabilis, probable procerus, tall processus, projection procumbens, procumbent, prostrate prodeuns, projected productus, carried out, produced proficiscor, to begin, arise profunditas, atis, f., depth profundus, deep projectus, thrown off proles, is, £., a race, offspring proliferus, proliferous, produced, pro- liferate proliger, bearing offspring prolongatio, onis, f., prolongation; lengthening promycelium, i, n., promycelium prope, near proper exciple, an apothecial cover- ing or wall without algae propius, proper propinquus, adjacent propulsus, expelled proratione, comparatively prorsus, forwards, exactly pronimpo, to break through prosenchymaticus, prosenchymatic, consisting of long cells or fila- ments proteus, changing, variable protractus, extended protrudens, projecting provectus, prolonged, advanced proveniens, coming pruinulosus, somewhat powdery pruinosus, powdery, pruinose pseudo-, false pseudoparaphyses, false paraphyses pseudoparenchyma, false parenchyma, a tissue looking like parenchyma but formed of threads pseudoperidium, a covering pseudoplasmodiutn, ii, n., a false Plas- modium pseudopodium, ii, n., false foot, lobe pseudostiolum, i, n., false ostiole igS GENERA OF FUNGI pseudostroma, atis, n., a false stroma pseudostromaticus, resembling a stro- ma pseudothallus, i, m., false thallus puberulus, somewhat hairy pubescens, hairy pubes, is, f., hair puccinoideus, puccinia-like pulchellus, beautiful pulcher, beautiful pulchre, beautifully pulpa, ae, f., pulp, mass pulveraceus, powdery pulverulentus, powdery pulvinatus, cushioned pulvinulus, i, m., a little cushion pulvis, eris, m., powder punctiformis, punctiform, dot-like punctulans, dotting punctulatus, punctate, dotted purpurascens, becoming purple purus, pure pusillus, tiny pusio, onis, m., a growth pustula, ae, f., a mass pustulate, pertaining to a swollen mass putamen, inis, n., a shell putredo, to decay putrescens, decaying putris, decaying pycnidicus, pycnidial pyramidatus, pyramidal pycnidium, i, n., pycnidium pyreniformis, pyreniform, shaped like a nut pyriformis, pear-shaped pyxidatus, like a box quadricoccus, of four round cells quadripartitus, four-divided quadrisporus, four-spored quadrum, i, n., a square qualis, like quam, than quandoque, whenever, at some time quartus, fourth quasi, almost quater, four times quaternus, by fours quattuor, four quercinus, oaken quia, because quinqueseptatus, five septate quisque, each quisquilae, arum, f., dirt, trash quoad, as long as, as much as quod, that quoque, also R racemulus, i, m., a little raceme racemus, i, m., a bunch of grapes, ra- ceme rachis, is, f., axis radians, radiating radiatim, radiately radiatus, radiate redicalis, basal radicans, root-like, rooting radicatus, radicate, more or less root- ed radiciformis, root-shaped radicosus, having many roots radix, icis, f., a root ramicola, ramicole, living on twigs ramosus, much branched ramulus, i, m., a little branch ramus, i, m., a branch rarius, more rarely rare, rarely ras.us, leveled reabsorptus, reabsorbed recede, to recede, differ recensio, onis, f., a reviewing recludens, opening recognoscens, recognizing rectangularis, rectangular rectangulus, rectangular rectus, straight reddo, to return, restore rcfractus, turned back refringens, refringent regie, onis, f., region relatus, related relinquens, leaving relinquo, to leave reliquus, left, remaining remote, distantly GLOSSARY 199 remotiusculus, somewhat distant reniformis, reniform, kidney-shaped repandus, turned back repens, creeping reperio, to find repertorium, ii, n., an inventory, cat- alogue repertus, found repetite, repeatedly repetitus, repeated repletus, full repo, to crawl res, rei, f., a thing resolvens, breaking up resorptus, absorbed resupinatus, resupinate, horizontal, the hymenium turned up reticulatus, reticulate, net-like reticulum, i, n., a net retiformis, net-like retineo, to retain, keep retis, is, f., a net retrorsus, backward retusus, with a little sinus revelo, to reveal, uncover revivescens, reviving revoco, to recall revolutus, folded back rhabarbarinus, yellow rhizoid, root rhizoideus, root-like rhizomorphoideus, root-like rhizophilus, growing on roots rhodosporus, with rose-colored spores rhombius, rhombic rhomboideus, rhomboid rh3rtismoideus, Rhytisma-like ricciiformis, like Riccia, a liverwort rigens, stiff, rigid rigidulus, somewhat stiff rigidus, stiff rima, ae, f., cleft rimosus, rimose, cleft, cracked, ripa, ae, f., bank rite, rightly, fitly, well rivulosus, with channels rivus, i, m., brook robustus, robust roridus, like dew ros, roris, m., dew roseolus, somewhat rosy roseus, rose-colored rostellatus, somewhat beaked rostratus, rostrate, beaked rostriformis, beak-like rostrum, i, n., beak rosulatus, rosette-like rotundatus, rounded rubeolus, somewhat reddish ruber, red r'abellus, somewhat reddish rubescens, growing red rubiginosus, rust-colored rubricosus, reddish rufescens, becoming reddish rufus, reddish rugosiusculus, more or less wrinkled rugulosus, furrowed, roughened rumpens, breaking ruptus, broken rursus, backward rutilus, red saccatus, saccate, sac-like saccharinus, sugary sEccharum, i, n., sugar sacciformis, sac-shaped sacculiformis, like a little sac sacculus, i, m., a little sac saepe, often salicinus, of willow salmonicolor, salmon colored salmonius, salmon-colored saltem, at least samara, ae, f., key fruit samariform, key-shaped sanguineus, bloody, blood-colored sapidus, filled with sap, savory sapor, oris, m., flavor saprogenus, saprogenous, growing on decayed matter saprophilus, growing on decaying matter saprophyticus, saprophytic sarciniformis, sarciniform, packet- like sarmentum, i, n., twig satis, sufficient saturatus, saturated GENERA OF FUNGI scaber, rough scabridus, rough scabriusculus, somewhat rough scalaris, of a ladder, or staircase scaliformis^ ladder-like scariosus, thin, papery scheda, ae, f., sheet of paper scio, to know scissilis, splitting sclerotiformis, sclerotium-like sclerotioideus, sclerotioid, sclerotium- like sclerotium, i, n., sclerotium, a hard black mass scolecosporus, with thread shaped spores scopulate, like a brush scrobiculatus, roughened, furrowed scrotiformis, bladder-like scruposus, rough scrutator, oris, m., an investigator scutatus, shield-shaped scutellatus, like a small shield scutiformis, shield-shaped secedens, separating secernibilis, separable sectio, onis, £., a section secundarius, secondary secundum, according to secus, otherwise sed, but sedulus, diligent, careful segmentiformis, segment-like sejunctus, separate semel, once semen, inis, n., a seed semi, half semiexertus, half extended semiimmersus, half immersed semiinfossus, (cf. infossus) sem.iinsculptus, (cf. insculptus) seminalis, seed-like seminicola, growing on seeds semipellucidus, half-pellucid semiteres, half columnar semiuncialis, a half inch semper, always senescens, growing old sensim, gradually sensus, us, m., opinion, sense separabilis, separable, separating separo, to separate sepimentum, i, n., partition sepono, to separate septatus, septate, divided into cells septentrionalis, northern septulum, i, n., a little septum sepulchrum, i, n., grave sequens, following sericellus, somewhat silky sericeus, silky series, ei, f., a series serotinus, late serpens, creeping serpentinus, serpentine serratus, serrate serus, late sesqui, by a half sesquilinea, one inch and a-half sesquipedalian, very long sessilis, seated, without a stalk seta, ae, f., a bristle setaceus, bearing one or more bristles setiformis, bristle-shaped setiger, bristle-bearing setosus, setose, with bristles setula, ae, f., a little bristle setulose, with bristles or spines seu, or sexilocularis, with six cells or locules sexsporus, six-spored sexsulcatus, six-furrowed siccans, drying siccus, dry sigillatim, seal-like sigmoideus, sigmoid, s-like signatus, marked sileo, to be silent silva, ae, f., a forest similaris, like similis, similar simple, not branched; one-celled (of spores) simplex, icis, simple simul, at the same time simulate, apparently simulo, to imitate, copy, represent sine, without singularis, peculiar, not in chains singulus, each GLOSSARY 201 sinuatus, sinuate sinuosus, crooked sistens, comprising situs, placed socia, ae, f., society sociatus, grouped together soleo, to be accustomed solidiusculus, sopiewhat solid solitarius, solitary solitus, usual soUertus, distinguished solubilis, dissolving solutus, dissolved sordes, is, f., dirt sordidus, dirty sorus, i, m., spore mass spadiceus, brownish spatha, ae, f., a spathe spargo, to scatter sparsus, scattered, sparse spathulatus, spathulate spatium, i, n., space specialis, special species, ei, f., species spectans, looking specto, to look spermagonium^ ii, n., a pycnidium-like body spermatiferus, spermatia-bearing spermatiformis, like a spermatium spermatioideus, spermatium-like spermatium, ii, n., a conidium-like body spero, to hope sphaericus, spherical sphaeroideus, nearly spherical sphaerula, ae, f., a sphere spica, ae, f., a point, ear spicatus, spike-like spiculosus, spiny spiculum, i, n., a little spine spiniformis, spiny spinuligerus, spine-bearing spinulosus, with little spines spira, ae, f., a spiral spiralis, spiral spiraliter, spirally spiritus, us, m., a spirit spissus, thick splendens, splendid spongilliformis, sponge-like spongiosus, spongy sponte, spontaneously sporangiferus, bearing sporangia sporangioliferus, bearing small spo- rangia sporangiolum, i, n., a little sporan- gium sporangiophore, the stalk of a spor- angium spore-print, the spore mass obtained by placing the cap of a mushroom flat on a piece of white paper sporicus, sporal sporidiolum, i, n., a little spore sporidium, i, n., a spore sporiferus, spore-bearing sporodochium, a compact, conidial body, mass of sporophores sporomorphus, spore-shaped sporophora, ae, f., sporophore spurius, false squama, ae, £., a scale squamosus, scaly squarrose, with spreading scales or hairs statura, ae, f., stature. status, us, m., stage stellatus, stellate, star-like stelliformis, star-shaped stercoratus, manured stercus, oris, n., dung sterigma, atis, n., stalk stilbeus, stilbum-like, mallet like stilbiformis, stalk-like stilboid, with a stalked-head, Stilbum- like stipatus, crowded stipes, itis, m., a stalk stipitatus, stipitate, stalked stipitellus, i, m., a little stalk stipitiformis, stalk-like stoloniferous, producing runners stoloniformis, runner-like stramineus, straw-colored stratosus, in layers stratum, i, n., a layer strenuus, prompt, vigorous stria, ae, f., a line GENERA OF FUNGI strigosus, strigose, long or coarsely hairy striiformis, line-like strobilus, i, m., a cone stroma, atis, n., a covering, layer stromaticus, stromatic stromatiferus, bearing a stroma structura, ae, f., a structure stupposus, tow-like stylospora, ae, f., a stylospore suadens, persuading suavis, pleasant sub, affix meaning somewhat, slightly subacutus, somewhat acute subaequans, nearly equal subalbus, nearly white subalutaceus, somewhat yellow subastomous, more or less mouthless subbulbosus, somewhat bulbous subcarbonaceus, slightly carbona- ceous subcarnulosus, slightly fleshy subclavatus, subclavate sijbclypeate, somewhat shield-shaped subcolumelliformis, somewhat like a columella subconoideus, slightly conical subcrustose, somewhat crust-like subcuboideus, somewhat cubical subcutaneus, under the epidermis subdeterminatus, limited subdiscoideus, somewhat disc-shaped subelevatus, somewhat raised suberosus, suberose, corky subfuscus, subfuscous, somewhat dark subglobosus, subglobose subiculum, i, n., subicle, a compact cottony mycelium subimmersus, slightly immersed subinde, presently, forthwith, now and then subito, suddenly subnullus, nearly lacking substantia, ae, f., substance subterraneus, subterranean subtilis, thin, slender subtilitas, atis, f., fineness, thinness subulatus, subulate, awl-shaped subuliformis, awl-shaped subvitro, under the lens succresco, to grow under suifultus, supported sulcatus, sulcate, furrowed sulcula, ae, f., a little furrow sulcus, i, m., a furrow sulphurellus, sulphurish sulphureus, sulphur-colored summa, ae, f., highest point, sum superans, exceeding superficialis, superficial superficies, ei, £., the surface superimpositus, superimposed superpositus, superposed superus, upper supremus, uppermost surculus, i, m., a shoot sursum, upward suspensor, supporting cell or group of cells sustinens, supporting sylva, ae, f., a forest (see silva) sympodice, sympodially synnema, atis, n., an erect fascicle of hyphae, as in Stilbaceae T tabesco, to melt tactus, touched taeniola, ae, f., a little band talis, such tamen, however, yet tandem, at length tantillus, so little tapetum, i, n., nourishing layer tarde, slowly, late tartareus, powdery tectus, covered tegens, covering tegmen, inis, n., a cover teleutospora, ae, f., a teleutospore teleutosporiferus, bearing teleuto- spores tenacellum, somewhat tenaceous tenellus, delicate tentacula, ae, f., a tentacle tentaculiformis, tentacle-shaped tenuatim, drawn out tenuis, slender ter, three times terete, cylindrical GLOSSARY 203 teretiusculus, round, cylindric terminalis, terminal terminatus, terminated ternate, in threes ternus, three-fold . terra, ae, f., soil, earth terrestris, terrestrial tertius, third testa, ae, f., a shell, coat testaceus, brick-colored tetradidymus, four-fold tetragonus, four-angled tetrasporus, four-spored thalamium, i, n., a room thallicola, growing on a thallus thalliformis, thallus-like thalline exciple, applied to an exciple containing algae thallus, a more or less definite mass of hyphae parasitic on algae thelephoroideus, thelephora-like tigrinus, like a tiger tinctus, tinged tingens, tinging tomentellus, hairy tomentosus, hairy tornatus, rounded-off toruloideus, chain-like torulosus, torulose, necklace-like tortuosus, flexuous tortus, twisted totaliter, totally totus, all trabs, is, f., a beam tractus, us, m., a tract trahendum, to be drawn trama, ae, f., a pathway transeptate, with all cross-walls trans- verse translucidus, clear trapezoideus, trapezium-like transiens, temporary transversalis, transversal tremelloideus, tremelloid, gelatinous tremellosus, jelly-like triangularis, triangular tribus, us, f., a tribe tricornutus, with three horns trifoveolatus, with three hollows trigonus, trigonous, three-angled trilobus, three-lobed trinacriformis, three-pronged tripartitus, three-divided tripedalis, three feet long tripollicaris, three inches triquetrus, three-cornered tnsporus, three-spored tristichus, in three rows tropicus, tropical truncatus, cut-off truncicola, growing on trunks tiunculus, i, m., a little trunk, stem truncus, i, m., a trunk tuber, eris, n., tuber, a swelling tubercularinus, Tubercularia-like tubercularioid, Tubercularia-like, warted tubercularoideus, Tubercularia-like tuberculiformis, wart-like tuberculosus, roughened tuberiform, tuber-like tuberiformis, tuberiform, tuber-shaped tubulosus, tubular tubulus, i, m., a tube tumescens, swelling tumidulus, somewhat swollen tumifactus, swollen tunc, then tunica, ae, f., cloak, coating tunicatus, tunicate, covered turbinatus, turbinate, top-shaped turgescens, swollen turgidus, swollen turriformis, shaped like a tower turritus, turreted, tower-like typice, usually, characteristically typus, i, m., a type U uber, rich ubi, where ubiquemque, everywhere udus, wet uliginosus, rich, muddy ullus, any ultimus, last ultra, beyond or more -ulus, a, um, suffix, meaning small umbellatus, umbellate, umbelled umbelliformis, like an umbel 204 GENERA OF FUNGI umbilicatus, umbilicate, with a navel, sunken in the center, somewhat funnel-form. umbilicus, i, m., navel umbonatus, umbonate, with a boss umbra, ae, f., shade umbrinus, brown umbrosus, shady uncia, ae, f., an inch uncialis, an inch long uncinatus, hooked unde, whence undique, in all directions undulatus, wavy uniarticulatus, one-jointed unicus, single uniformis, of one form unilateralis, one-sided unilocular, with a single cavity or cell uniserialis, one-rowed uniseriatus, one-rowed unitus, joined unquam, ever urceolatus, pitcher-shaped uredinicola, growing on rusts uredospora, uredospore uredosporiferus, bearing uredospores urniformis, urn-shaped uromorphus, tail-like usque, up to usurpatus, usurped ut, as uterque, both ut-plurimum, for the most part utriculiformis, bladder-shaped utrimque, on both sides, in both di- rections uvidus, moist, wet V vaccinus, pertaining to a cow vacuus, empty vage, vaguely vagina, ae, f., a sheath vaginatus, sheathed vagus, vague valde, strongly validiusculus, more or less stout valseus, valsous, valsoid, Valsa-like, with the perithecia in a circle in the stroma valva, ae, f., a valve valvatim, valvate, with valves variabilis, variable varie, variously variegatus, of different colors varius, different -ve, or vegetus, fresh, vegetating venementer, strongly vel, or velatus, veiled vellus, eris, n., fleece, wool velo, to cover velocitas, atis, £., swiftness velum, i, n., a veil veluti, as velutinus, velvety vena, ae, f., a vein venenatus, poisonous veniformis, vein-like ventricosus, swollen vere, truly verge, to approach verisimiliter, apparently vermicularis, worm-like vermiformis, vermiform, worm-shaped vernalis, vernal, of or belonging to spring vero, truly verruciformis, wart-like verruculosus, verrucose, warted versatus, poured versicolor, of different colors versiformis, of different forms versus, towards vertens, turning vertex, icis, m., the tip verticalis, vertical verticillatim, in whorls verticillatus, verticillate, whorled vescus, small, weak vesicula, ae, f., vesicle, swollen cell .vesiculosus, vesiculose, swollen, blad- dery vestiens, covering vestiguum, i, n., remnant, vestige vestio, to cover GLOSSARY 205 vestitus, furnished, covered vetustus, old vibrans, changing videor, to seem vigens, growing villosulus, somewhat woolly villus, i, m., a hairy covering vinarius, of wine vineus, of or belonging to wine viiium, i, n., wine violaceus, violet violascens, turning violet virens, becoming green virgatus, rod-shaped viridarium, i, n., greenhouse virgultum, i, n., bush, copse viridifuscus, greenish brown viridulus, greenish viscidulus, viscid, somewhat sticky visibilis, visible visus, seen vitellinus, yellow vitreus, glassy vivens, living vividus, vivid vivus, alive vix, hardly volva, ae, f., a cup-like sheath at the base of a stem volvaceus, with a volva volvatus, with a volva vulgatus, common vulgo, commonly vulpinus, of a fox xylogenus, xylogenous, growing on wood xylophilus, growing on wood zona, ae, f., a zone zonula, ae, £., a little zone zoogenus, on animals zoogonid, a motile propagative cell zoospora, ae, f., zoospore zoosporangium, ii, n., zoosporangium zoosporiferus, producing zoospores zygosporiacus, pertaining to a zygo- spore zygosporous, with resting spores formed by the conjugation of simi- lar sex cells zj'mogenus, ferment-producing INDEX Abrothallus, 6g Absidia, 13 Acallomyces, 19 Acanthostigma, 34 Acanthothecis, 59 Acanthothecium, 59, 134 Acarospora, 80 Acerbia, 38 Acerbiella, 38 Acetabula, 89 Achlya, 15 Achlyogeton, 16 Acinula, 164 Acladium, 141 Acolium, 71 Acompsomyces, 19 Acontium, 140 Acremoniella, 148 Acremonium, 141 Acrocylindrium, 143 Acroscyphus, 72, ga Acrospermum, 58 Acrospira, 148 Acrostalagmus, 143 Acrotheca, 147 Acrothecium, 152 Actidium, 56 Actiniceps, 155 Actiniopsis, 34, 52 Actinomma, 163 Actinonema, 125 Actinoplaca, 75 Actinoscypha, 69 Actinothecium, 131 Actinothyrium, 132 Acurtis, los Adermatis, 79 Aecidiella, gg Aecidiolum, gg Aecidium, gg Aegerita, 159 Aegeritopsis, 161 Agaricaceae, no Agaricales, 102 Agaricus, 114 Aglaospora, 35 Agyriella, 135 Agyriellopsis, 133 Agyrina, 67 Agyriopsis, 67 Agyrium, 67 Ahlesia, 67 Alboffiella, 115 Albuginae, 17 Albugo, 17 Aldona, 56 Aldridgea, 106 Alectoria, 82 Aleuria, 88 Aleurina, 8g Allantonectria, 43 Allantospora, 145 Allarthonia, 58 Allarthothelium, 58 Allescheria, 22 AUescheriella, 142 Alliospora, 140 Alternaria, 154 Alveolaria, loi Amallospora, 163 Amanita, in Amanitopsis, in Amaurascus, g3 Amblyosporium, 140 Ameghiniella, 66 Amerosporium, 133 Amoebochytrium, 11 Amorphomyces, ig Amphichaeta, 137 Amphisphaeria, 32 Ampullaria, i2g Anaptychia, 84 Anapyrenium, 42 Ancylistaceae, 16 Ancylistae, 16 Ancylistes, 17 Anellaria, 114 Anema, 73 Angelinia, 56, 66 Angiopoma, 126 Anixia, 23 Anixiopsis, 22 Annularia, 112 Anthina, 164 Anthomyces, loi Anthostoma, 29 Anthostomella, 28 Anthracoderma, 123 Anthracoidea, loi Anthracophyllum, 115 Anthracothecium, 40 Anthurus, 116 Antromycopsis, 157 Anzia, 81 Aphanascus, g2 Aphanomyces, 15 Apiospora, 30 Apiosporium, 23 Aplacodina, 31 Aplanes, 15 Apodachlya, 16 Aponectria, 45 Aporophallus, 1x5 Aposphaeria, 122 Arachniotus, 93 Arachnium, 119 Atachnomyces, 23 Arachnopeziza, 87 Araeospora, 16 Arcangelia, 30 Arcangeliella, 120 Arctomia, 73 Arenaea, 87 Areolaria, iig Argopsis, 78 Argynna, 24 Armillaria, in Arrhenia, in Arrhytidia, 105 Arthonia, 58 Arthoniactis, 76 Arthoniae, 58 Arthoniopsis, 58 208 GENERA OF FUNGI Arthotheliopsis, 75 Arthothelium, 58 Arthrinium, 147 Arthrobotrys, 144 Arthrobotrjfum, 157 Aithropyrenia, 41 Arthrosporium, 156 Aschersonia, 129 Aschersoniopsis, 130 Ascobolaceae, 92 Ascobolae, 92 Ascobolus, 92 Ascochyta, 125 Ascocorticiaceae, 93 Ascocorticium, 93 Ascodes, 94 Ascodesmis, 92 Ascoidaceae, 93 Ascoidea, 93 Ascomycetella, 95 Ascomycetes, 18 Ascophanae, 92 Ascophanus, 92 Ascopolyporus, 48 Ascotricha, 23 Aseroe, 116 Aspergillae, 140 Aspergillus, 140 Aspidopyrenium, 40 Aspidothelium, 40 Asterella, 53 Asteridiella, 53 Asteridium, 24, 53 Asterina, 23, 53 Asterinae, 52 Asteristium, 76 Asteroconium, 138 Asterodon, 108 Asteroma, 122 Asteromella, 122, 131 Asteromidium, 126 Asteronia, 153 Asterophora, 142 Asteroporum, 41 Asterosporium, 137 Asterostroma, 107 Asterothyrium, 75, 132 Asterula, 23, 53 i^ strocystis, 28 Astrodochium, 162 Astrotheliae, 42 Astrothelium, 42 Atractiella, 155 Atractina, 152 Atractium, 156 Auerswaldia, 49 Aulaxina, jg Aulographum, 56 Aureobasidium, 107 Auricularia, 103 Auriculariae, 103 Auriculariella, 103 B Bacidia, 77 Bacillus, 8 Bacteriaceae, 8 Bacteriales, 7 Bacterium, 8 Bactridiopsis, 159 Bactridium, 161 Bactroboletus, 109 Bactrosphaeria, 38 Bactrospora, 70 Baculospora, 44 Baeomyces, 78 Baggea, 57 Bagnisiella, 48 Balansia, 47 Balansiella, 47 Balladsma, 24 Balsamia, 97 Balzania, 43 Barclayella, 100 Bargellinia, 93 Barlaea, 88 Bartalinia, 126 Basiascum, 136 Basidiella, 156 Basidiobolus, 14 Basidiomycetes, 102 Basidiophora, 17 Basisporium, 148 Battarea, 117 Battareopsis, 117 Battarinia, 43 Baumanniella, 105 Baumiella, 34 Beccariella, 106 Beggiatoa, 7 Beggiatoaceae, 7 Belonia, 40 Belonidium, 85 Beloniella, 86 Belonium, 87 Belonopsis, 85 Belonoscypha, 87 Belospora, 87 Beltrahia, 151 Beniowskia, 159 Berkelella, 46 Berlesiella, 36 Bertia, 30 Bertiella, 33 Biatora, 76 Biatorella, 68, 77 Biatorellina, 68 Biatorina, 77 Bispora, 150 Bivonella, 46 Bizzozera, 25 Bizzozeriella, 160 Blasdalea, 51 Elastenia, 83 Blastodesmia, 40 Blastomyces, 141 Blastotricbum, 145 Blennoria, 135 Blennothallia, 74 Blitrydium, 70 Bloxamia, 135 Blumenavia, 116 Boerlagella, 36 Bolacotricha, 149 Bolbitius, 113 Boletinus, 109 Boletium, 108 Boletopsis, 109 Boletus, 109 Bolinia, 29 Bombardia, 29 Bombardiastrum, 33 Bombyliospora, 77 Bommerella, 29 Bonia, 107 Bonordeniella, 163 INDEX 2og Bonplandiella, 162 Bostrichonema, 144 Botrytidae, 141 Botryodiplodia, 126 Botryosphaeria, 28 Botryosporium, 140 Botryotrichum, 149 Botrytis, 142 Bottaria, 42. Boudiera, 92 Boudierella, 92 Bovilla, 38 Bo vista, 118 Brachysporium, 152 Brefeldiella, 51 Bremia, 17 Bresadolella, 44 Bresadolia, no Briardia, 63 Briarea, 141 Brigantiella, 54 Briosia, 157 Broomeia, 118 Broomella, 46 Brunchorstia, 132 Bryophagus, 80 Bryopogon, 82 Buellia, 84 Bulgaria, 67 Bulgariaceae, 66 Bulgariella, 67 Bulgariopsis, 67 BuUaria, 136 Bulliardella, 56 Burrillia, 102 Buseella, 140 Byssocystis, 122 Byssonectria, 43 Cacosphaeria, 31 Caenomyces, 21 Caeoma, 99 Calathiscus, 116 Calcarisporium, 143 Caldesia, 69 Caldesiella, 108 Calenia, 79 Caliciaceae, 70 Caliciopsis, 71 Calicium, 71 Calloria, 67 Calocera, 105 Caloderma, 118 Calonectria, 16 Caloplaca, 83 Calosphaeria, 26 Calospora, 34 Calostilbe, 46 Calothricopsis, 38 Calvatia, 118 Calycidium, 71 Calyptospora, 100 Camarops, 32 Camarosporium, 127 Camillea, 29 Campanella, in Camposporium, 152 Campsotrichum, 148 Camptomyces, 19 Camptosphaeria, 27 Camptoum, 147 Campylothelium, 41 Candelaria, 81 Candelariella, 79 Cantharellus, in Cantharomyces, 18 Capillaria, 164 Capnodaria, 25 Capnodiaceae, 25 Capnodiastrum, 124 Capnodiella, 29 Capnodiopsis, 25 Capnodium, 25 Capronia, 36 Carestiella, 64 Caryospora, ss Castoreum, 118 Catastoma, 118 Catenaria, 11 Catenularia, 149 Catharinea, 36 Catillaria, 77 Catinula, 133 Cauloglossum, 117 Celidium, 58 Cenangella, 66 Cenangium, 66 Cenococcaceae, 96 Cenococcum, 96 Cephaliophora, 145 Cephalodochium, 160 Cephalosporiae, 139 Cephalosporium, 140 Cephalothece, 23 Cephalothecium, 144 Cephalotrichum, 147 Ceracea, 105 Ceraiomyces, 20 Ceratocarpia, 24 Ceratocladium, 150, 157 Ceratomyces, 21 Ceratophorum, 152 Ceratosphaeria, 33 Ceratosporium, 154 Ceratostoma, 28 Ceratostomella, 27 Cercospora, 152, 154 Cercosporella, 145 Cercosporidium, 152 Ceriospora, 34 Ceriosporella, 33 Cerocorticium, 106 Cesatiella, 46 Cetraria, 81 Ceuthospora, 123 Chaconia, 98 Chaenoderma, 117 Cbaenotheca, 71 Chaetocladiae, 14 Chaetocladium, 14 Chaetoconidium, 142 Chaetoconis, 125 Chaetodiplodia, 125 Chaetodochis, 163 Chaetomella, 124 Chaetomidum, 23 Chaetomium, 29 Chaetomyces, 21 Chaetopeltis, 132 Chaetophoma, 122 Chaetopsis, 150 Chaetospermum, 160 Chaetosphaeria, 35 Cbaetostroma, 162 Chaetostromella, 163 Chaetothece, 22 GENERA OF FUNGI Chaetothyrium, 52 Chaetozythia, 129 Chalara, 150 Chamonixia, 120 Charonectria, 44 Charrinia, 33 Chiastospora, 129 Chilonectria, 43 Chiodectae, 60 Chiodectum, 60 Chiromyces, 154 Chitonia, 114 Chitoniella, 114 Chitonis, 114 Chitonomyces, 19 Chitonospora, 34 Chlamydobacteriaceae, 7 Chloridium, 150 Chlorocaulum, 78 Chlorodothis, 50 Chloropeltis, 75 , Chlorophyceae, 8 Chlorosplenium, 86 Choanophora, 14 Choanophorae, 13 Choeromyces, 98 Chondromyces, 8, 155 Choriactis, 65 Chromosporium, 138 Chrysobasidium, 107 Chrysomyxa, 100 Chrysopsora, 100 Chrysothrix, 72 Chrysotrichaceae, 72 Chytridiaceae, 9 Chytridium, 11 Cibbria, 86 Cicinnobella, 124 Cicinnobolus, 122 Ciliciopodium, 155 Ciliella, 85 Ciliofusarium, 163 Ciliospora, 128 Cintractia, 101 Circinastrum, 124 Circinella, 13 Circinotrichum, 150 Cirromyces, 150 Citromyces, 141 Cladosterigma, 156 Cladobotryum, 143 Cladochytiiae, 11 Cladochytrium, 11 Cladoderris, 106 Cladonia, 78 Cladoniaceae, 78 Cladorrhinum, 150 Cladosphaeria, 34 Cladosporium, 151 Cladothrix, 7 Cladotrichutn, 151 Clarkeinda, 114 Clasterosporium, 151 Clastopsora, 98 Clathrella, 116 Clathrogaster, 119 Clathroporina, 40 Clathrospora, 37 Clathrus, 116 Claudopus, 113 Ciavaria, 105 Clavariaceae, 105 Clavariopsis, 104 Claviceps, 47 Clavogaster, 118 Clavularia, 155 Cleistosoma, 43 Cleistothece, 25 Clematomyces, 20 Clethridium, 36 Clinoconidium, 159 Clintoniella, 45 Clithris, 62 CHtocybe, iii Clitopilus, 113 Clonostachys, 143 Cl3^eolum, 51 Clsrpeosphaeria, 34 Coccaceae, 8 Coccobotrys, 164 Coccocarpia, 83 Coccodiscus, 51 Coccoidea, 50 Coccoideaceae, 50 Coccomyces, 62 Cocconia, 61 Coccopeziza, 63 Coccophacidium, 62 Coccospora, 138 Coccosporella, 138 Coccosporium, 153 Coccotrema, 40 Coelomyces, 118 Coelosphaeria, 26 Coemansia, 143 Coemansiella, 140 Coenogonium, . 72 Ccleoma, 99 Coleopuccinia, 99 Coleosporium, 100 CoUema, 74 Collemataceae, 72 Collematae, 73 CoUemopsidium, 73 CoUetotrichum, 135 CoUocystis, 129 Collodendrum, 104 Collodochium, 159 Collonema, 127 Collopezis, 103 Collybia, 11 1 CoUyria, 105 Colpoma, 57 Colus, 116 Combea, 60 Ccmesia, 86 Comoclathris, 57 Completoria, 14 Compsomyces, 20 Confervales, 18 Conida, 58 Conidiascus, 93 Conidiobolus, 14 Coniocybe, 71 Coniophora, 107 Coniophorella, 107 Conioscypha, 149 Coniosporium, 146 Coniothecium, 153 Coniothyriella, 133 Coniothyris, 133 Coniothjnrium, 124 Conotrema, 79 Cookella, 25, 96 Coprinus, 114 Coprolepa, 28 Cora, 107 INDEX Corallodendrum, 155 Corallomyces, 45 Cordana, 151 Cordelia, 146, 148 Cordieritaceae, 92 Cordierites, 92 Corditubera, 118 Cordyceps, 47 Coremium, 155 Coreomyces, 21 Corethromyces, 20 Corethropsis, 140 Cornuella, 102 Cornularia, 127 Coronella, 139 Coronophora, 26 Corticium, 106 Cortinarius, 114 Corymbomyces, 143 Ccryne, 68 Corynelia, 54 Coryneliaceae, 54 Coryneliella, 54 Coryneum, 137 Corynogaster, 118 Coscinaria, 47 Cosmariospora, 161 Costantinella, 149 Coutinia, 28 Couturea, 126 Crandallia, 132 Craterellus, 106 Craterocolla, 104 Crenothrix, 7 Crepidotus, 113 Crinula, 66 Crocicreas, 122 Crocynia, 72 Cronartium, 99 Ci'otonocarpia, 37 Crucibulum, 121 Crumenula, 66 Cryphonectria, 45 Cryptica, 97 Crjrptocoryneum, 151 Cryptoderis, 33 Cryptodiscus, 64 Cryptomela, 136 Cryptomyces, 61 Cryptophallus, 115 Cryptoporus, 109 Cryptosphaerella, 26 Cryptosphaeria, 26 Cryptosphaerina, 35 Cryptospora, 38 Cryptosporella, 28 Cryptosporium, 137 Cryptostictis, 126 Cryptothecium, 22 Cryptothele, 72 Cryptovalsa, 26 Ctenomyces, 93 Cubonia, 92 Cucurbitaria, 37 Cudonia, 91 Cudoniella, 91 Curreya, 50 Cyanobaeis, 78 Cyanocephalum, 45 Cyathicula, 86 Cyathus, 120 Cycloconium, 150 Cycloderma, 117 Cyclomyces, no Cycloschizum, 56 Cyclostomella, 55 Cylindrina, 37 Cylindrium, 139 Cylindrocephalum, 140 Cylindrocladium, 144 CylindrocoUa, 160 Cylindrodendrum, 142 Cylindrophora, 142 Cylindrosporium, 137 Cylindrotrichum, 141 Cymatella, 112 Cyphelium, 71 Cyphella, 107 Cyphina, 130 Cystolobis, 81 Cystophora, 148 Cystotheca, 23 Cystothyrium, 132 Cystotricha, 125 Cytodiplospora, 125 Cytoplea, 124 Cytospora, 123 Cytosporella, 123 Cytosporina, 128 Cytosporium, 127 Cyttaria, 94 Cyttariaceae, 94 D Dacrymycella, 159 Dacryobolus, 121 Dacryodochium, 160 Dacryomitra, 105 Dacryomyces, 104 Dacryomycetae, 104 Dacryopsis, 105 Dactylaria, 145 Dactylella, 145 Dactylina, 82 Dactylium, 145 Dactylosporium, 153 Daedalea, no Daldinia, 29 Dangarjdiella, 49 Darbishirella, 60 Darluca, 125 Darwiniella, 49 Dasybolus, 92 Dasypezis, 88 Dasyp'hthora, 45 Dasyscypha, 88 Dasyscyphae, 87 Dasyspora, 99 Davincia, 87 Debaryella, 46 Deconica, 114 Delacourea, 37 Delastria, 97 Delitschia, 32 Delitschiella, 32 Delortia, 104 Delpinoella, 55 Delpontia, 64 Dematiaceae, 146 Dematiae, 162 Dematium, 149 Dendrodochium, 159 Dendrogaster, 120 Dendrographa, 60 Dendrographium, 158 Dendrophoma, 122 Dendrostilbella, 155 GENERA OF FUNGI Dendryphium, 152 Dermatea, 66 Dermateaceae, 65 Dermatiscum, 77 Dermatocarpae, 42 Dermatocarpum, 42 Desmazierella, go Desmidiospora, 154 Detonia, 88 Diachora, 48 Diaphanium, 158 Diaporthe, 31 Diaporthopsis, 28 Diarthonis, 58 Diatrype, 26 Diatrypella, 26 Diatrypeopsis, 26 Dibaeis, 78 Dibelonis, 86 Diblepharis, 18 Dichaena, 56 Dichaenopsis, 134 Dichlaena, 129 Dichodium, 73 Dichomera, 127 Dichomyces, 19 Dichoporis, 40 Dichosporium, 34 Dicoccum, 150 Dicollema, 74 Dicranidium, 161 Dicranophora, 13 Dictyobole, 115 Dictyocephalus, 119 Dictyographia, 59 Dictyonia, 68 Dictyophora, 115 Dictyorinis, 84 Dictyosporium, 153 Dictyuchus, 15 Dicyma, 147 Didymaria, 144 Didymella, 30 Didymobotryopsis, 156 Didjmiobotryum, 157 Didymochaete, 125 Didymocladium, 144 Didymopsis, 144 Didymopsora, 100 Didymosira, 99 Didymosphaeria, 32 Didymosporium, 136 Didymostilbe, 156 Dielsiella, 56 Dietelia, g8 Digraphis, 59 Dilophia, 38 Dilophospora, 128 Dimargaris, 140 Dimerisma, 39 Dimerium, 24 Dimeromyces, 18 Dimerosporiopsis, 32 Dimerosporis, 32 Dimerosporium, 23 Dimorphomyces, 18 Dinemasporium, 133 Dioecomyces, 20 Diorchidium, 99 Diphaeis, 77 Diphaeosticta, 81 Diphanis, 77 Diphanosticta, 81 Diphloeis, 76 Diplocarpa, 88 Diplocladium, 144 Diplococcium, 151 Diplocryptis, 63 Diplocystis, 118 Diploderma, 117 Diplodia, 126 Diplodiella, 126 Diplodina, 125 Diplodiopsis, 126 Diplogramma, 59 Diplomyces, 20 Diplonaevia, 63 Diplopeltis, 132 Diplophlyctis, 11 Diplophysa, 11 Diplorhinotrichum, 144 Diploschistes, 79 Diplosporis, 27 Diplosporium, 144 Diplotheca, 36 Diplotomma, 84 Diplozythia, 129 Dipodascus, 93 Diporina, 40 Dipyrenis, 40 Dipyrgis, 71 Dirina, 59 Dirinae, 59 Dirinaria, 84 Dirinastrum, 60 Discella, 134 Discina, 8g DiscocoUa, 161 Discocyphella, 106 Discomycetopsis, 124 Discomycopsella, 131 Discosia, 132 Discostroma, 50 Discula, 133 Dispira, 140 Distichomyces, 21 Dithelopsis, 40 Ditiola, 105 Ditopella, 27 Ditremis, 41 Ditylis, 71 Doassansia, 102 Doratomyces, 140 Dothichiza, 133 Dothidea, 49 Dothideaceae, 48 Dothidella, 49 Dothiopsis, 123 Dothiora, 62 Dothiorella, 123 Drepanospora, 152 Dufourea, 82 Duplicaria, 62 Durella, 70 Dyslachnum, 87 Dyslecanis, 79 Dysrhynchis, 82 Dysticta, 81 Dystictina, 82 E Eccilia, 113 Echinobotryum, 147 Echinodontium, 108 Echinodothis, 48 Echinophallus, 115 Echinothecium, 31 INDEX 213 Ectinomyces, 20 Ectolechiae, 75 Ectostroma, 164 Ectrogella, 10 Eidamella, 94 Elaphomyces, 96 Elaphomycetaceae, 96 Elasmomyces, 116 Eleutheromyces, 43 Ellisiella, 149 Elsinoe, 93 Empusa, 14 Enarthromyces, 19 Encephalographa, 59 Enchnoa, 25 Enchnosphaeria, 34 Endobasidium, 107 Endobotrya, 127 Endocarpum, 42 Endocena, 82 Endoconidium, 158 Endodesmia, 160 Endogonaceae, 96 Eiidomyces, 94 Endomycetaceae, 93 Endophyllum, 100 Endothia, 31 Endoxyla, 26 Endoxylina, 33 Engleromyces, 44 Englerula, 24 Enterodictyum, 60 Enterostigma, 61 Entoloma, 113 Entomophthora, 14 Entomophthoraceae, 14 Entomosporium, 132 Entonaema, 44 Entophlyctis, 10 Entorrhiza, loi Entyloma, loi Eolichen, 39 Eomycenella, iii Eoterfezia, 97 Eoterfeziaceae, 96 Ephebae, 74 Ephebe, 74 Ephebeia, 74 Ephelina, 66 Ephelis, 134 Epichloe, 47 Epiclinium, 163 Epicoccum, 162 Epicymatia, 30 Epidochiopsis, 160 Epidochium, 162 Epigloea, 39 Epilichen, 69 Epochnium, 151 Eremascus, 93 Eremothecium, 94 Erikssonia, 55 Erinella, 88 Erioderma, 83 Eriopeziza, 86 Eriosphaera, 118 Eriosphaeria, 31 Eriospora, 128 Eriosporina, 127 Eriothyrium, 131 Erysibaceae, 21 Erysibe, 22 Erysibella, 22 Erythrocarpum, 44 Eubelonis, 87 Eucantharomyces, 19 Eucorethromyces, 20 Eucronartium, 103 Eucyphelis, 71 Euhaplomyces, ig EumoUisiae, 84 Eumonoecomyces, 19 Euporthe, 31 Eupropolis, 64 Eurotiopsis, 128 Eurotium, 22 Euryachora, 48 Eurytheca, 95 Eutypa, 26 Eutypella, 26 Eustictidae, 62 Euzodiomyces, 21 Everhartia, 162 Evernia, 82 Everniopsis, 82 Exascaceae, 93 Exascus, 93 Excipula, 133 Excipulaceae, 133 Excipularia, 134, 163 Excipulina, 134 Exidia, 104 Exidiopsis, 104 Exobasidium, 107 Exosporina, 163 Exosporium, 163 F Fabraea, 86 Farlowiella, 55 Farriolla, 71 Favillea, 119 Favolus, no Femsjonia, 104 Fenestella, 37 Feracia, 47 Filoboletus, 109 Fioriella, 131 Fistulina, 109 Fistulinella, 109 Flaminia, 63 Flammula, 113 Fleischera, 48 Floccimutinus, 115 Fomes, 109 Forssellia, 73 Fracchiaea, 26 Friesula, 106 Fuckelia, 123 Fuckelina, 150 Fumago, 154 Fungi Imperfecti, 121 Fusariella, 151 Fusarium, 161 Fusella, 146 Fusicladium, 151 Fusicoccum, 123 Fusicolla, 159 Fusidium, 139 Fusoma, 145 Gaillardiella, 32 Galactinia, 8g Galera, 113 Gambleola, 100 Gamospora, 127 214 GENERA OF FUNGI Gatnosporella, 123 Gasteromycetes, 115 Gautiera, 120 Geaster, 117 Geasterae, 117 Geasteropsis, 117 Geisleria, 40 Gelatinosporium, 128 Geminispora, 27 Genabea, 97 Genea, 96 Geoglossum, gi Geopora, 96 Geopyxis, 8g Geotrichum, 139 Gibbera, 31 Gibberella, 46 Gibberidea, 35 Gibellia, 28 Gibellina, 32 Gibellula, 156 Gilletiella, 52 Giulia, 132 Glenospora, 148 Gliobotrys, 140 Gliocephalus, 139 Gliocladium, 141 Gloeocalyx, 67 Gloeopeziza, 67 Gloeoporus, log Gloeosphaera, 143 Gloeosporiella, 136 Gloeosporium, 135 Glomerella, 28 Glomerularia, 138 Gloniella, 56 Gloniopsis, 57 Gloniurti, 56 Glossodium, 78 Glutinium, 122, 157 Glycophila, 139 Glyphis, 60 Gls^pholecia, 81 Gnomonia, 30 Gnomoniella, 27 Gnomoniopsis, 33 Godronia, 66 Godrotiiella, 133 Gomphidius, 115 Gomphyllus, 78 Gonapodya, 18 Gonatobotrys, 143 Conatobotrytae, 143 Gonatobotryum, 147 Gonatorrhodiella, 143 Gonatorrhodum, 143 Gongromeriza, 147 Gongylia, 40 Goniosporium, 147 Gonohymenia, 73 Gonothecis, 75 Gonytrichum, 150 Gorgoniceps, 87 Grammothele, 108 Grandinia, 108 Grandiniella, 107 Granularia, 159 Graphidaceae, 58 Graphidiae, 58 Giaphina, 59 Graphiothecium, 157 Graphis, 59 Graphium, 157 Graphyllium, 57 Guelichia, 160 Guepinia, 105 Guignardiella, 27 Guillermondia, 95 Gyalecta, 80 Gyalectae, 80 Gymnascaceae, 93 Gymnascales, 93 Gymnascus, gs Gymnoconia, 100 Gymnoderma, 78 Grymnodochium, 160 Gymnoglossum, 118 Gymnographa, 58 Gymnomyces, 120 Gymnosporangium, 100 Gyrocephalus, 104 Gyroceras, 147 Gyrocratera, g? Gyrodon, log Gjrromitra, gi Gyrophora, 77 Gyrophorae, 77 Gyrostomum, 80 H Habrostictis, 63 Hadrotrichum, 148 Haematomma, 7g Haematomyces, 67 Haematomyxa, 68 Hainesia, 135 Halobyssus, 131 Hapalophragmium, loi Haplaria, 141 Haplariopsis, 144 Haplobasidium, 147 Haplocybe, 91 Haplographium, 149 Haplomyces, ig Haplopyrenula, 41 Haplosporella, 124 Haplosporium, 28 Haplotrichum, 140 Hariotia, 30 Harknessia, 124 Harknessiella, gs Harpidium, 7g Harpocephalum, 157 Harpochytriae, 11 Harpochytrium, 11 Harpographium, 157 Hartigiella, 141 Harziella, 143 Hassea, 3g Hebeloma, 113 Helicobasidium, 107 Helicocephalum, 149 Helicogloea, 103 Helicoma, 154 Helicomyces, 146 Helicopsis, 154 Helicosporium, 154 Helicostilbe, 156 Helicotrichutn, 149 Helicoum, 146 Heliomyces, 112 Heliscus, 161 Helminthascus, 47 Helminthocarpum, 59 Helminthophana, 20 Helminthosphaeria, 2f Helminthosporium, 152 Helostroma, 156 INDEX 2IS Helotiaceae, 86 Helotiae, 86 Helotium, 86 Helvella, 91 Helvellaceae, 90 Helvellae, 91 Hemiglossum, 91 Hemihysteriaceae, 54 Hemileia, g8 Hemileiopsis, loi Hendersonia, 126 Hendersonula, 127 Hemningsomyces, 32 Henningsinia, 29 Henriquesia, 55 Heppia, 75 Heppiae, 75 Heptameria, 34 Hercospora, 31 Hericium, 108 Herpocladiella, 13 Herpomyces, 20 Herpothrix, 35 Herpotrichia, 34 Heterobasidium, 107 Heterobotrys, 146 Heterocarpum, 42 Heterocephalum, 155 Heterochaete, 104 Heterodea, 81 Heteromyces, 78 Heteronectria, 43 Heteropatella, 133 Heterosphaeria, 65 Heterosporium, 152 Heufleria, 42 Hexagonia, no Heydenia, 157 Hiatula, in Himantia, 164 Hippoperdon, 118 Hirneola, 103 Hirneolina, 104 Kirsutella, 105 Hirudinaria, 154 Hobsonia, 162 Hoehneliella, 157 Holcomyces, 132 Holocoenis, 72 Holocyphis, 71 Holothelis, 40 Holstiella, 34 Holwaya, 68 Homopsella, 74 Homostegia, 49 Homothecium, 73 Hormiactella, 149 Hormiactis, 144 Hormiscium, 147 Hormodendrum, 149 Hormodochis, 163 Hormosperma, 33 Hormyllium, 135 Ilumaria, 88 Husseya, 117 Hyaloceras, 137 Hyaloderma, 25 Hyalodothis, 48 Hyalopsora, 98 Hyalopus, 140 Hyaloria, 104 Hyalostilbae, 154 Hyalothyridium, 127 Hyalothyris, 127 Hydnaceae, 107 Hydnangium, 120 Hydnobolites, 97 Hydnochaete, 108 Hydnocystis, 96 Hydnofomes, 108 Hydnophysa, 108 Hydnotrya, 97 Hydnum, 108 Hydraeomyces, 19 Hydrothyria, 83 Hygrophorus, in Hymenella, 159 Hymenogaster, 120 Hymenogastraceae, iig Hymenogramme, 112 Hymenomycetes, 102 Hymenopsis, 162 Hymenoscypha, 87 Hymenula, 159 Hyperphyscia, 84 Hypha, 164 Hyphaster, 163 Hyphoderma, 141 Hypholoma, 114 Hyphomyceteae, 138 Hyphoscypha, 88 Hyphostereum, 159 Hypocenia, 124 Hypochnus, 107 Hypocopra, 28 Hypocrea, 45 Hypocreaceae, 42 Hypocrella, 48 Hypocreodendrum, 129 Hypocreopsis, 45 Hypoderma, 57 Hypodermella, 55 Hypodermium, 135 Hypodermopsis, 57 Hypolyssus, 106 Hypomyces, 45 Hyponectria, 43 Hypospila, 33 Hypospilina, 30 Hypoxylopsis, 49 Hypoxylum, 30 Hysterangium, 120 Hysteriaceae, 55 Hysteriales, 54 Hysterium, 57 Hysterographium, 57 Hysteromyxa, 130 Hysteropatella, 6g Hysteropsis, 57 Hysterostomella, 55 Icmadophila, 79 Idiomyces, 20 Illosporium, 160 Ingaderia, 60 Itiocybe, 113 Inzengaea, 27 lotidea, 89 Iridionia, 63 Irpex, 108 Isaria, 156 Isariopsis, 157 Isothea, 37 Itajahya, 115 Ithyphallus, 115 2l6 GENERA OF FUNGI Janseella, 64 Jansia, 115 Jenmania, 73 Johansonia, 6g Jola, 103 Jonaspis, 80 Julella, 36 K Kabatia, 131 Kalchbrennera, 115 Kalmusia, 35 Karschia, 69 Karstenia, 64 Karstenula, 36 Keithia, 62 Kellermannia, 125, 126 Kmetia, 159 Kneiffia, 106 Koerberia, 73 Konradia, 48 Kretschmaria, 29 Kullhemia, 48 Kusanoa, 95 Kusanobotrys, 24 L Laaseomyces, 23 Laboulbenia, 21 Laboulbeniaceae, 18 Laboulbeniales, 18 Labrella, 131 Labridium, 132 Laccocephalum, 109 Lachnea, ,90 Lachnella, 88 Lachnellula, 87 Lachnocladiutn, 105 Lachnodochium, 160 Lachnum, 87 Lactariopsis, iii Lactarius, iii Laestadia, 27 Lagenidiae, 16 Lagenidium, 16 Lagerheimia, 69 Lahmia, 70 Lambro, 45 Lamia, 14 Lamyella, 123 Langloisula, 142 Lanopila, 118 Lanzia, 87 Laquearia, 65 Laschia, log Lasiobolus, 92 Lasiobotrys, 23 Lasioderma, 155 Lasiodiplodia, 126 Lasiosphaeria, 33 Lasiosphaeris, 35 Lasiostictis, 64 Lasmenia, 131 Laurera, 42 Lauterbachiella, 64 Lecanactidae, 76 Lecanactis, 76 Lecania, 79 Lecanidion, 70 Lecaniella, 75 Lecanora, 79 Lecanorae, 78 Lecidea, 76 Lecideaceae, 76 Lecideae, 76 Lecideopsis, 58 Leciographa, 70 Lecithium, 46 Lecoglyphis, 70 Leciophysma, 73 Leiosepium, 141 Lemalis, 129 Lembosia, 56 Lembosiella, 55 Lemmopsis, 73 Lemonniera, 146 Lentinus, 112 Lentodiopsis, 112 Lentodium, 112 Lentomita, 30 Lenzites, 112 Leotia, 91 Leotiella, gi Lepidocollema, 83 Lepiota, iii Lepolichen, 42 Lepraria, 164 Leprocollema, 73 Leptinia, 100 Leptodendrisciun, 74 Leptogidium, 74 Leptogiopsis, 74 Leptogium, 74 Leptolegnia, 15 Leptomitae, 15 Leptotnitus, ib Leptonia, 113 Leptophyma, 95 Leptorhaphis, 41 Leptosphaeria, 34 Leptosphaeropsis, 34 Leptosphaerulina, 36 Leptosporella, 38 Leptostroma, 131 Leptostromataceae, 130 Leptostromella, 133 Leptothyrella, 131 Leptothyrium, 131 Leptotrema, 80 Leptotrichum, 161 Letendraea, 46 Letharia, 82 Leucangium, 97 Leucoctea, 47 Leucogaster, 120 Leucopezis, 90 Leucophleps, 120 Levieuxia, 124 Libertella, 138 Libertiella, 129 Lichenopsis, 126 Lichenosticta, 121 Lichina, 74 Lichinae, 74 Lichinella, 74 Lichinodium, 74 Licopolia, 32 Lilliputia, 97 Limacinia, 24 Limnaeomyces, 19 Lindauella, 63 Linhartia, 85 Linospora, 37 Lisea, 45 Lisiella, 43 Listeromyces, 163 INDEX 217 Lithoecis, 39 Lithographa, 59 Lithothelium, 42 Lituaria, 161 Lizonia, 31 Lizoniella, 30 Lloydiella, 107 Lobaria, 81 Lobarina, 83 Locellina, 113 Lopadiopsis, 75 Lopadium, 77 Lopharia, 108 Lophidiopsis, 54 Lophidium, 54 Lophiella, 53 Lophionema, 54 Lophiosphaera, 53 Lophiostoma, 54 Lophiostomataceae, 53 Lophiotrema, 54 Lophiotricha, 53 Lophium, 57 Lophodermiutn, 57 Lycoperdaceae, 116 Lycoperdae, 118 Lycoperdales, 115 Lycoperdon, 118 Lycoperdopsis, 118 Lysurus, 116 M Macowanites, 120 Macrobatis, 126 Macrodiplodia, 125 Macrophoma, 122 Macropodia, 89, 90 Macrosporium, 153 Macrostilbum, 155 Magnusia, 23 Malbranchea, 139 Malmeomyces, 46 Manginia, 123 Marasmiopsis, 112 Marasmius, 112 Marchaliella, 24 Maronea, 80 Marsonia, 136 Martellia, 120 Martensella, 142 Martindalia, 155 Martinella, 129 Massalongia, 83 Massalongiella, 25 Massaria, 34 Massariella, 31 Massarina, 33 Massarinula, 30 Massariovalsa, 32 Masseea, 87 Masseella, 99 Massospora, 138 Mastigosporium, 145 Mastodia, 42 Mastomyces, 126 Mattirolia, 47 Matruchotia, 107 Maurodothis, 49 Maurya, 38 Mazosia, 61 Mazzantia, 48 Megalonectria, 46 Megalospora, 76 Melachroia, 89 Melampsora, g8 Melampsorella, g8 Melampydium, 76 Melanconiaceae, 135 Melanconiales, 135 Melanconiella, 32 Melanconiopsis, 124 Melanconis, 31 Melanconium, 136 Melanogaster, 120 Melanomma, 35 Melahops, 34 Melanopsamma, 31 Melanopsichium, 102 Melanospora, 44 Melanostroma, 135 Melanotaenium, loi Melanotheca, 42 Melasmia, 131 Melaspilea, 59, 69 Melchiora, 31 Meliola, 24 Meliolopsis, 23 Melittiosporium, 64 Melittosporiopsis, 85 Melittosporis, 85 Melogramma, 35 Melomastia, 33 Melophia, 132 Mendogia, 57 Menispora, 150 Merarthonis, 58 Merodontis, 87 Merodothidis, 128 Merophora, 77 Meroplacis, 84 Merorinis, 84 Merostictina, 82 Merostictis, 64 Merulius, no Mesnieria, 28 Mesobotrys, 150 Mesophellia, 117 Metadothella, 62 Metanectria, 45 Metasphaeria, 33 Metraria, 112 Michenera, 106 Micrascus, 28 Microcera, 161 Micrococcus, 8 Microcyclus, 49 Microdiplodia, 125 Microglaena, 40 Microglossum, 91 Micrographa, 59 ' Micronectria, 47 Micropeltis, 52 Micropera, 128 Microphiale, 80 Microphyma, 95 Microspatha, 155 Microsphaera, 22 Microspira, 8 Microstelium, 58 Microstroma, 138 Microthelia, 41 Microtheliopsis, 41 Microthyriaceae, 51 Microthyriae, 51 Microthyrium, 52 Micula, 128 Midotiopsis, 65 2l8 GENERA OF FUNGI Midotis, 65 Milesia, 100 Milowia, 144 Minksia, 60 Misgomyces, 21 Mitromyces, 117 Mitrula, 91 Mitruliopsis, 91 Moelleriella, 43 Moellerodiscus, 91 Molleriella, 95 Mollisia, 84 Mollisiaceae, 84 MoUisiella, 84 Monacrosporium, 145 Monascus, 23 Monilia, 139 Moniliaceae, 138 Moniliales, 138 Monoblepharidaceae, 18 Monoblepharis, 18 Monochaetia, 137 Monoecomyces, 19 Monographus, 48 Monopodium, 141 Monosporidium, 98 Monosporium, 142 Monotospora, 148 Montagnella, 49 Montagnites, 115 Montagriula, 37 Morchella, 91 Morenoella, 55 Morinia, 137 Moriola, 39 Moriolae, 39 Mortierella, 13 Mortierellae, 13 Moschomyces, 20 Moutoniella, 62 Mucedinae, 158 Mucedineae, 138 Mucor, 13 Mucoraceae, 12 Mucorae, 12 Mucronella, 108 Mucronoporus, 109 Mucrosporium, 145 Mtillerella, 28 Munkia, 130 Munkiella, 49 Muricularia, lag Mutinus, 115 Myceliophthora, 138 Mycena, 11 1 Mycobacidia, 70 Mycobilimbia, 69 Mycoblastus, 76 Mycocalicium, 71 Mycocitrus, 45 Mycodendrum, 109 Mycogala, 122 Mycogone, 144 Mycolecis, 70 Mycomalus, 48 Mycoporaceae, 50 Mycoporellum, 50 Mycoporis, 78 Mycoporum, 50 Mycorhynchus, 130 Mycosphaerella, 30 Mycosyrinx, 102 Myiocoprum, 51 Mylittopsis, 103 Myriadoporus, no Myriangiaceae, 95 Myriangella, 95 Myricingium, 95 Myridium, 67 Myrioblepharis, 18 Myriogenospora, 50 Myriolecis, 79 Myriophysa, 162 Myrmaecium, 31 Mynnecocystis, 97 Myrothecium, 162 Mystrosporium, 153 Mytilidium, 57 Myxobacter, 8 Myxobacteriaceae, 8 Ms^xobactrales, 8 Myxococcus, 8 Myxodictyviin, 79 Myxomycidium, 105 Myxonema, 160 Myxormia, 135 Myxosporella, 135 Myxosporium, 135 Myxotrichum, 149 Myzocytium, 16 N Naegeliella, 16 Naemacyclus, 64 Naematelia, 104 Naemosphaera, 124 Naemospora, 137 Naevia, 63 Naeviella, 63 Napicladium, 152 Naucoria, 113 Necator, 159 Nectria, 45 Nectriella, 43 Nectrioidaceae, 128 Negeriella, 158 Netnatogonium, 143 Nematosporangium, 16 Neoarcangelia, 26 Neobarclaya, 136 Neocosmospora, 44 Neomichelia, 152 Neopeckia, 32 Neoravenelia, loi Neorehmia, 23 Neoskofitzia, 45 Neottiopezis, 90 Neottiospora, 122 Neovossia, loi Nephroma, 76 Nephromopsis, 81 Nephromium, 75 Nesolechia, 69 Nidula, 121 Nidularia, 120 Nidulariaceae, 120 Nigrospora, 148 Niortna, 84 Niptera, 85 Nitschkea, 26 Nocardia, 7 Nolanea, 113 Nomuraea, 143 Normandina, 42 INDEX 219 Nostocotheca, 94 Nothopatella, 124 Nothostroma, 50 Nowakowskia, 10 Nowakowskiella, 11 Nummularia, 30 Nyctalis, iii Obelidium, 11 Ocellaria, 63 Ocellis, 80 Ocellularia, 80 Ochrolec'hia, 79 Octaviania, 120 Odontia, 108 Odontotrema, 65 Odontura, 65 Oedemium, 148 Oedocephalum, 139 Oedomyces, loi Ohieria, 35 Ohleriella, 35 Oidiopsis, 1319 Oidium, 139 Oleina, 93 Ollula, 130 Olpidiae, 9 Olpidiopsis, 10 Olpidium, 10 Olpitrichum, 141 Ombrophila, 67 Omphalia, in Oncopodium, 153 Oncospora, 134 Onygena, g6 Onygenaceae, 96 Oochytriae, 11 Oomyces, 47 Oospora, 139 Opegrapha, 59 Opegraphella, 59 Ophiobolus, 37 Ophioceras, 38 Ophiochaete, 38 Ophiocladium, 138 Ophiodictyum, 36 Ophiodothis, 50 Ophiogloea, 68 Ophiognomonia, 37 Ophiomassaria, 37 Ophiomeliola, 25 Ophionectria, 47 Ophiopeltis, 52 Ophiotrichum, 152 Orbicula, 23 Orbilia, 67 Oropogon, 82 Orphniospora, 76 Oscarbrefeldia, 94 Ostreium, 57 Ostropa, 57, 65 Ostropae, 65 Otidea, 88 Otidella, 88 Otthia, 32 Otthiella, 31 Oudemansiella, 112 Ovularia, 142 Ovulariopsis, 142 Oxydothis, 50 Ozonium, 164 Pachybasium, 143 Pachyphiale, 80 Pachyphloeus, 97 Pactilia, 158 Paepalopsis, 139 Pampolysporium, 23 Panaeolus, 114 Pannaria, 83 Pannariae, 83 Panus, 112 Papulospora, 140 Paranectria, 46 Paraspora, 145 Parathalle, 70 Paratheliae, 41 Parathelium, 41 Parmelia, 81 Parmeliaceae, 78 Parmeliae, 81 Parmeliella, 83 Parmeliopsis, 81 Parmenteria, 42 Parmularia, 55 Parmulariella, 55 Parodiella, 24, 32 Paryphedria, 67 Passalora, 151 Passeriniella, 34 Passerinula, 45 Patellaria, 70 Patellariaceae, 68 Patellea, 69 Patellina, 130, 158 Patellinae, 130 Patinella, 69 Patouillardia, 159 Patouillardiella, 161 Paulia, 73 Paurocotylis, 11^ Paxillus, 114 Pazschkea, 85 Pazschkella, 125 Peccania, 73 Peckia, 123 Peckiella, 40 Pedilospora, 146 Pedisordaria, 29 Pellicularia, 142 Pellioniella, 125 Pelodiscus, 90 Peloronectria, 46 Peltidium, 91 Peltigera, 75 Peltigeromyces, 88 Peltophora, 75 Peltophoraceae, 75 Peltophorae, 75 Peltophoromyces, 88 Peltosphaeria, 36 Peltostroma, 131 Pemphidium, 51 Penicilliopsis, 44 Penicillium, 141 Peniophora, 107 Pentagenella, 60 Penzigia, 29 Perforaria, 79 Peribotryum, 156 Pericladium, gg Periconia, 147 GENERA OF FUNGI Periconiella, 147 Peridermium, 99 Periola, 160 Perisporiaceae, 22 Perisporina, 24 Perisporiopsis, 24 Perisporium, 24 Peronospora, 17 Peroneutypa, 26 Peroneutypella, 26 Peronosporaceae, 17 Peronosporae, 17 Perisporiopsis, 24 Perrotia, 88 Pertusaria, 79 Pertusariae, 79 Pestalozzia, 137 Pestalozziella, 135 Pestalozzina, 136 Petasodes, 133 Petractis, 74 Pejrritschiella, 19 Peziza, 89 Pezizaceae, 88 Pezizae, 88 Pezizales, 61 Pezizella, 86 Pezoloma, 86 Phacidiaceae, 61 Phacidium, 61 Phacopsis, 58 Phacopsora, 98 Phaeangella, 66 Phaeangium, 66, 97 Phaeoclavulina, 105 Phaeoconis, 148 Phaeocreopsis, 46 Phaeodiscula, 133 Phaeodothis, 49 Phaeoglaena, 40 Phaeographina, 59 Phaeographis, 59 Phaeohygrocybe, 114 Phaeolimacium, 114 Phaeomacropus, 90 Phaeomeris, 39 Phaeonectria, 46 Phaeopeltis, 52 Phaeopeltosphaeria, 36 Phaeopezia, 89 Phaeophacidium, 61 Phaeopterula, 105 Phaeoradulum, 108 Phaeosaccardinula, 52 Phaeoscutella, 52 Phaeosphaerella, 31 Phaeospora, 34 Phaeosporis, 39 Phaeostilbae, 156 Phaeothrombis, 40 Phaeotrema, 80 Phallaceae, 115 Phallogaster, 116 Phalodictyum, 77 Phalomeris, 39 Phalostauris, 39 Phalothrix, 88 Phanosticta, 81 Phanotylium, 80 Pharcidia, 30 Phellorina, 119 Phialea, 86 Phillipsiella, 95 Philocopra, 28 Phlebia, 108 Phlebophora, 103 Phleboscyphus, 819 Phleospora, 128 Phloeoconis, 164 Phloeopeccania, 73 Phlyctella, 79 Phlyctidia, 79 Phlyctaena, 128 Phlyctis, 79 Phlyctochytrium, 11 Pholidota, 113 Pholiotella, 113 Phoma, 122 Phomataceae, 121 Phomatales, 121 Phomatospora, 27 Phomopsis, 121 Phragmidiothrjx, 7 Phragmidium, 100 Phragmographium, 56 Phragmonaevia, 64 Phragmopeltis, 132 Phragmopyxine, 84 Phragmopyxis, 100 Phragmostele, 100 Phragmothele, 39 Phragmotrichum, 137 Phycascus, 89 Phycodiscis, 83 Phycomyces, 13 Phyllachora, 48 Phyllactinia, 22 Phylliscidium, 72 Phylliscum, 72 Phyllobathelium, 41 Phyllophthalmaria, 80 Phylloporina, 41 Phylloporis, 41 Phyllopsora, 77 Phyllopsorae, 77 Phyllosticta, 121 Phymatotrichum, 142 Phymatosphaeria, 95 Phymatosphaeriaceae, 95 Physalacria, 105 Physalospora, 27 Physcia, 84 Physciaceae, 83 Physcidia, 81 Physma, 73 Physoderma, 11 Physmatomyces, 67 Physospora, 141 Phytophthora, 17 Picoa, 97 Piersonia, 97 Piggotia, 131 Pilacre, 155 Pilacrella, 103 Pilaira, 13 Pilgeriella, 27 Pilidium, 134 Pilobolae, 13 Pilobolus, 13 Pilocarpum, 76 Pilocratera, 90 Pilophorum, 78 Pilosace, 114 Pimina, 150 INDEX Pionnotes, i6i Piptocephalis, 14 Piptostoma, 51 Piptostomum, 122 Pirella, 13 Piricularia, 145 Pirobasidium, 155 Pirostoma, 131 Pirottaea, 85 Pisomyxa, 22 Pistillaria, 106 Pithomyces, 161 Pitya, 88 Placidiopsis, 42 Placographa, 68 Placolecanis, 79 Placosphaerella, 125 Placosphaeria, 123 Placothelium, 39 Placynthium, 83 Plagiotrema, 41 Planococcus, 8 Planosarcina, 8 Plasmopara, 17 Platygloea, 103 Platysticta, 64 Platystomum, 54 Plearthonis, 58 Plectania, go Plectothrix, 142 Plenodomus, 122 Pleochaete, 22 Pleococcum, 133 Pleoconis, 73 Pleochroma, 80 Pleodothis, 49 Pleogibberella, 46 Pleoglonis, 56 Pleolecis, 76 Pleolpidium, 10 Pleomassaria, 36 Pleomeliola, 25 Pleonectria, 46 Pleophragmia, 37 Pleopyrenis, 72 Pleoravenelia, loi Pleorinis, 84 Pleosphaeria, 37 Pleosphaerulina, 36 Pleospilis, 69 Pleospora, 36 Pleosporopsis, 29 Pleostictis, 64 Pleotrachelus, 10 Pleurascus, 23 Pleurocybe, 72 Pleurotus, iii Pleurostoma, 26 Pleurothelium, 41 Pleurotrema, 41 Plicaria, 89 Plicariella, 8g Ploettnera, 63 Plowrightia, 49 Pluteolus, 113 Pluteus, 112 Pocillum, 87 Pocosphaeria, 34 Podaleuris, 89 Podaxae, 116 Podaxon, 117 Podocapsa, 94 Podocapsium, 94 Podochytrium, 11 Podocrea, 45 Podoloma, 117 Podosordaria, 29 Podosphaera, 22 Podosporella, 158 Podosporium, 158 Podostictina, 82 Podostroma, 44 Poecilosporium, 102 Polyangium, 8 Polyascomyces, 19 Polyblastia, 39 Polyblastiopsis, 41 Polycephalum, 155 Polychidium, 74 Polydesmus, 152 Polygaster, 119 Polynema, 133 Polyphagus, 12 Polyplocium, 116 Polyporaceae, ro8 Polyporus, log Polyrrhina, 11 Polysaccopsis, 102 Polysaccum, 119 Polyscytalum, 139 Polystictis, 109 Polystigma, 43 Polystigmina, 130 Polystomella, 51 Polystroma, 80 Polythelis, 41 Polythrincium, 151 Polytrichia, 27 Poria, 109 Porina, 40 Porocyphus, 74 Poronia, 29 Poropeltis, 131 Poroptyche, no Porothelium, no Pragmopara, 70 Prillieuxia, 107 Prismaria, 146 Pritzeliella, 155 Prophytroma, 149 Propolidium, 64 Propolina, 63 Propolis, 63 Prosthemiella, 136 Prosthemium, 127 Protococcales, 9 Protoglossum, 119 Protomerulius, 104 Protomyces, 94 Protomycetaceae, 93 Protostegia, 134 Protoventuria, 32 Protubera, 116 Psammina, 136 Psathyra, 114 Psathyrella, 114 Pseudacolium, 71 Pseudobeltrania, 151 Pseudocenangium, 134 Pseudodiplodia, 129 Pseudogenea, 96 Pseudographis, 56, 62 Pseudohydnotria, 96 Pseudolizonia, 31 222 GENERA OF FUNGI Pseudomelasmia, 131 Pseudomeliola, 38 Pseudomonas, 8 Pseudopatella, 134 Pseudopeziza, 85 Pseudophacidium, 61 Pseudoplectania, go Pseudopyrenula, 41 Pseudostictis, 130 Pseudotryblidium, 70 Pseudotrype, 43 Pseudotthia, 32 Pseudovalsa, 35 Pseudozythia, 129 Psilocybe, 114 Psilopezia, gi Psilospora, 133 Psilothecium, 6g Psora, 77 Psorella, 77 Psoroglaena, 42 Psorcgraphis, 59 Psoroma, 79 Psoromaria, 77 Psorotheciella, 85 Psorotheciopsis, 85 Psorotichia, 73 Pteridiospora, 31 Pterophyllus, 112 Pterula, 105 Pterygiopsis, 74 Pterygium, 74 Ptychographa, 59 Puccinia, 100 Pucciniastrum, 100 Pucciniopsis, 163 Pucciniosira, 99 Pucciniospora, 125 Pucciniostele, 100 Puiggariella, 45 Pulparia, 67 Pulveraria, 164 Pustularia, 89 Puttemansia, 90 Pycnochytrium, 10 Pycnographa, 61 Pycnostroma, 130 Pyrenastrum, 42 Pyrenidiae, 38 Pyrenidium, 38 Pyrenochaeta, 123 Pyrenocollema, 39 Pyrenopeziza, 85 Pyrenopezizae, 85 Pyrenophora, 37 Pyrenopsidae, 72 Pyrenopsidium, 72 Pyrenopsis, 72 Pyrenothamnia, 42 Pyrenotheca, 50 Pyrenotrichum, 122 Pyrenula, 40 Pyrenulae, 40 Pyrenyllium, 41 Pyrgidium, 71 Pyrgillus, 71 Pyroneftia, 89 Pyronemella, 90 Pythiae, 16 Pythiopsis, 15 Pjrthium, 16 Pyxine, 84 Quaternaria, 26 Queletia, 117 R Rabenhorstia, 123 Racodium, 72 Radulum, 108 Ramalina, 82 Ramonia, 80 Ramularia, 145 Ramulaspera, 142 Ravenelia, 101 Ravenelula, 69 Rebentischia, 34 Reessia, 9 Rehtniella, 30 Reinkella, 60 Resticularia, 17 Rhabdospora, 127 Rhaichomyces, 20 Rhacodiuin, 164 Rhacophyllus, 112 Rhadinomyces, 20 Rhagadolobium, 61 Rhamphoria, 36 Rhamphospora, loi Rhinocladium, 148 Rhinotrichum, 141 Rhipidium, 16 Rhipidonema, 107 Rhizidiae, 10 Rhizidiomyces, 11 Rhizidium, 11 Rhizina, gi Rhizinae, gi Rhizocarpum, 77 Rhizoctonia, 164 Rhizomorpha, 164 Rhizomyces, 20 Rhizomyxa, 16 Rhizophidium, 10 Rhizophlyctis, 10 Rhizopogon, 120 Rhizopus, 13 Rhombostilbella, 155 Rhopalidium, 136 Rhopalomyces, 139 Rhopographus, 49 Rhymbocarpus, 68 Rhynchodiplodia, 125 Rhynchomelas, 44 Rhynchomeliola, 32 Rhynchomyces, 152 Rhynchonectria, 44 Rhynchophoma, 125 Rhynchcsphaeria, 34 Rhynchosporium, 144 Rhynchostoma, 32 Rhyparobius, 92 Rhytidhysterium, 56 Rhytidopeziza, 70 Rhytisma, 62 Riccoa, 158 Richonia, 24 Rickia, 21 Rickiella, 95 Riessia, 158 Rimbachia, in Rinia, 27 Rinodina, 84 INDEX 223 Robergea, 58, 65 Robillardia, 125 Roccella, 60 Roccellae, 60 Roccellaria, 60 Roccellina, 60 Roccellographa, 60 Rodwaya, 109 Roesleria, 71 Roestelia, gg Rosellinia, zg Rosenscheldia, 4g Rostrella, 27 Rostrupia, 100 Rotaea, 145 Roumegueriella, 128 Roussoella, 49 Rozella, 10 Ruhlandiella, g7 Russula, III Rutstroemia, 87 Saccardaea, 156 Saccardia, 22 Saccardinula, 52 Saccardoella, 33 Saccardomyces, 25 Saccharomyces, 94 Saccharomycetaceae, g4 Saccoblastia, 103 Saccobolus, g2 Saccopyrenia, 39 Sacidium, 131 Sagiolechia, 80 Samarospora, 22 Santiella, 126 Saprolegnia, 15 Saprolegniaceae, 15 Saprolegniae, 15 Sarcina, 8 Sarcinella, 154 Sarcinodochium, 161 Sarcographa, 60 SarcograpMna, 60 Sarcomyces, 68 Sarcopodiutn, 149 Sarcoscjrpha, go Sarcosoma, 67 Scaphidium, 134 Sceptromyces, 143 Schenckiella, 24 Schinzinia, 113 Schismatomma, 76 Schizacrospermum, 58 Schizomycetes, 7 Schizonella, 102 Schizopelte, 60 Schizophyllum, 112 Schizosaccharomyces, 94 Schizospora, 100 Schizostoma, 53 Schizothyrella, 134 Schizothyrium, 55, bi Schizotrichum, 163 Schizoxylum, 64 Schneepia, 55 Schroeteria, 102 Schroeteriaster, 98 Schulzeria, iii Schweinitziella, 48, 50 Sciodothis. 50 Scirrhia, 49 Scirrhiella, 48 Sclerococcum, 163 Sclerodepsis, no Scleroderma, 118 Sclerodermatae, 118 Scleroderris, 65 Sclerodiscus, 162 Sclerogaster, 120 Sclerographium, 158 Sclerophytum, 60 Scleroplea, 37 Sclerospora, 17 Sclerotinia, 86 Sclerotiopsis, 122 Sclerotium, 164 Scolecactis, 76 Scoleciocarpus, 119 Scolecopeltis, 52 Scolecosporis, 77 Scolecosporium, 137 Scolecotrichum, 151 Scoliciosporum, 77 Scopinella, 44 Scopularia, 150 Scorias, 25 Scoriomyces, 160 Scortechinia, 28 Scutellinia, 90 Scutelliniae, 8g Scutellum, 52 Scutula, 69 Scutularia, 70 Scytopezis, 65 Sebacina, 104 Secotium, 116 Seismosarca, 105 Selenotila, 138 Selinia, 43 Sepedonium, 142 Septobasidium, 106 Septocylindrium, 144 Septodothideopsis, 128 Septogloeum, 136 Septomyxa, 136 Septonema, 152 Septorella. 127 Septoria, 127 Septosporiella, 128 Septosporium, 153 Septotrullula, 137 Sepultaria, 90 Seuratia, 25 Seynesia, 52 Seynesiopsis, 132 Shiraia, 47 Sigmoideomyces, 139 Sillia, 38 Simblum, 116 Simonyella, 60 Siphula, 82 Sirentyloma, 101 Siridiella, 137 Siridium, 137 Sirobasidium, 104 Sirococcus, 123 Sirocyphis, 130 Sirodesmium, 153 Sirodothis, 123 Siropatella, 134 Sirothecium, 124 Sirozythia, 128 224 GENERA OF FUNGI Sistotrema, io8 Skepperia, io6 Skierka, gg Stigmella, 153 Solenia, 107 Solenoplea, 30 Solorina, 75 Solorinella, 76 Solorinina, 75 Sordaria, 28 Sorokinia, 68 Sorosporella, 138 Sorosporium, 102 Sorothelia, 32 Sparassis, 105 Spathularia, 91 Spegazzinia, 163 Spegazzinula, 45 Spermodermia, 162 Sphacelia, 159 Sphacelotheca, 102 Sphaerella, 30 Sphaeriaceae, 25 Sphaeriales, 21 Sphaericeps, 117 Sphaeridium, 160 Sphaerita, g Sphaerioidaceae, 121 Sphaerobolus, 121 Sphaerocolla, 159 Sphaerocybis, 117 Sphaeroderma, 44 Sphaerodes, 44 Sphaerographium, 127 Sphaeromyces, 163 Sphaeronaema, 122 Sphaeronaemella, 129 Sphaeropezia, 62 Sphaerophoropsis, 77 Sphaerophorus, 72 Sphaerophragmium, 101 Sphaeropsideae, 121 Sphaeropsis, 124 Sphaerosoma, 91 Sphaerospora, 90 Sphaerosporium, 158 Sphaerostilbe, 45 Sphaerostilbella, 44 Sphaerotheca, 22 Sphaerulina, 33 Sphaleromyces, 20 Spheconisca, 39 Sphinctrina, 71 Spicaria, 143 Spicularia, 140 Spilomium, 162 Spilonema, 74 Spilopezis, 85 Spinellus, 13 Spira, 153 Spirillaceae, 7 Spirillum, 8 Spirochaete, 8 Spirographa, 59 Spirogyrales, 12 Spirosoma, 8 Spolverinia, 27 Spondylocladium, 152 Sporendonema, 149 Sporochisma, 152 Sporocybe, 157 Sporocystis, 161 Sporoderma, 159 Sporodesmium, 153 Sporodinia, 13 Sporoglena, 148 Sporomega, 57 Sporonema, 133 Sporopodium, 75 Sporormia, 35 Sporostatia, 77 Sporotrichella, 142 Sporotrichum, 141 Spragueola, 91 Spumatoria, 30 Squamotubera, 29 Stachybotryella, 147 Stachybotrys, 147 Stachylidium, 150 Stagonopsis, 129 Stagonospora, 126 Stamnaria, 67 Starbaeckia, 6g Stauroch'aeta, 123 Staurothele, 39 Steganosporium, 137 Stegia, 61, 63 Steinera, 74 Stella, 117 Stemmaria, 157 Stemphyliopsis, 145 Stemphylium, 153 Stenocybe, 71 Stephanoma, 164 Stephensia, 97 Stereochlamys, 41 Stereocaulum, 78 Stereum, 106 Sterigmatocystis, 140 Sterile mycelia, 164 Stichomyces, ig Stichopsora, 100 Sticta, 81 Stictidaceae, 62 Stictina, 82 Stictis, 64 Stictoclypeolum, 85 Stictophacidium, 63 Stigmatea, 30 Stigmatella, 160 Stigmatomyces, 20 Stigmatula, 27 Stigmella, 153 Stigmina, 151 Stilbaceae, 154 Stilbocrea, 45 Stilbomyces, 156 Stilbonectria, 46 Stilbospora, 137 Stilbothamnium, 157 Stilbum, 155 Stirochaete, 150 Strasseria, 122 Streptococcus, 8 Streptotheca, 92 Streptothrix, 148 Strigula, 41 Strigulae, 41 Strobilomyces, 109 Stromne, 44 Stropharia, 114 Strumella, 162 Stuartella, 35 Stylobates, in INDEX 225 Stypella, 104 Stypinella, 103 Stysanus, 157 Suillus, log Sydowia, 34 Symphyosira, 156 Synalissa, 72 Synarthonia, 60 Syncephalastrum, 14 Syncephalidae, 14 Syncephalis, 14 Synchytriae, 10 Synchytrium, 10 Synglonium, 56 Synsporium, 147 Synthetospora, 145 Taeniophora, 134 Tapellaria, 75 Tapesia, 85 Taphridium, 93 Taphrina, 93 Tarichium, 14 Tarzetta, 89 Telimena, 49 Teratomyces, 21 Terfezia, 98 Terfeziopsis, 97 Testicularia, 119 Testudina, 24 Tetrachytrium, 11 Tetracium, 146 Tetracladium, 146 Tetracoccosporis, 153 Tetracoccosporium, 153 Tetraploa, 153 Thamnidium, 13 Thamnolia, 82 Thaxteria, 31 Thecophora, 102 Thecopsora, 100 Thecospora, 160 Thecostroma, 135 Thelebolus, 92 Thelenidia, 39 Thelephora, 106 Thelephoraceae, 106 rhelidium, 39 Thelocarpum, 43 Theloporus, no Thelopsis, 41 Theloschistes, 83 Thelotrema, 80 Thelotremae, 80 Thermomyces, 141 Thermutis, 74 Therrya, 38 Thielavia, 23 Thielaviopsis, 149 Thiothrix, 7 Tholurna, 72 Thoracella, 125 Thozetia, 160 Thraustotheca, 15 Thrombium, 40 Thuemenella, 44 Thwaitesiella, 108 Thyrea, 73 Thyridaria, 35 Thyridella, 36 Thyridium, 37 Thyronectria, 46 Thyrsidium, 136 Thysanothecium, 78 Tiarospora, 125 Tichospora, 37 Tichosporella, 36 Tichothecium, 32 Tilachlidium, 155 Tilletia, loi Tilotus, 112 Tirmania, 97 Titaea, 146 Titania, 35 Tjibodasia, 103 Tolypomyria, 142 Tolyposporella, 102 Tolyposporium, 102 Tomasiella, 42 Toninia, 77 Torrendia, 119 Torrubiella, 47 Torsellia, 123 Torula, 147 Torulina, 147 Toxosporium, 137 Trabutia, 28 Trachyxylaria, 32 Tracyella, 131 Trametes, no Treleasia, 45 Treleasiella, 129 Trematosphaeria, 35 Trematosphaeriopsis, 35 Trematosphaeris, 35 Tremella, 104 Tremellaceae, 103 Tremellae, 103 Tremellastrum, 105 Tremellodendron, 104 Tremellodon, 107 Tremellopsis, 105 Tremotylium, 80 Trichaegum, 153 Trichaleuris, 90 Trichaster, 118 Trichobelonium, 85 Trichobotrys, 147 Trichocladium, 151 Trichocollonema, 127 Trichoconis, 145 Trichocrea, 130 Trichoderma, 140 Trichodytes, 137 Tricholoma, in Trichopeltis, 52 Trichopeltium, 131 Trichopeltulum, 131 Trichophila, 131 Trichophyma, 95 Trichopsora, 100 Trichoscypha, 90 Trichoseptoria, 127 Trichosperma, 130 Trichosphaerella, 27 Trichosphaeria, 27 Trichosporium, 148 Trichostroma, 162 Trichotheca, 158 TricHothecium, 144 Trichothelium, 42 Trichothyrium, 53 226 INDEX Trichotrema, 41 Trichurus, 157 Tridentaria, 146 Triglyphium, 161 Trigonosporium, 122 Tritnmatostroma, 163 Trimmatothele, 39 Trinacrium, 146 Triphragmium, loi Triplicaria, 162 Tripospora, 54 Triposporium, 154 Trochila, 63 Trogia, 112 Troposporella, 164 Troposporium, 162 TruUula, 136 Tryblidaria, 70 Tryblidiaceae, 65 Tryblidiella, 57, 66 Tryblidiopsis, 65 Tryblidis, 65 Tryblidium, 56, 65 Trypetheliae, 42 Trypethelium, 42 Tubaria, 113 Tuber, 97 Tuberaceae, 96 Tuberales, 94 Tubercularia, 159 Tuberculeiriaceae, 158 Tuberculina, 159 Tubeufia, 47 Tuburcinia, 102 Tulasnellaceae, 107 Tylophorella, 71 Tylophorum, 71 Tylopilus, 109 Tylostoma, 117 Tympanis, 66 Tympanopsis, 29 Typhula, 106 U Uleomyces, 47 UlocoUa, 104 Umbilicaria, 77 Uncigera, 143 Uncinula, 22 Underwoodia, 91 Uredinaceae, 98 Uredinales, 98 Uredinopsis, 100 Uredo, 99 Urnula, 65, 89 Urobasidium, 107 Uroconis, 126 Urocystis, 102 Urohendersonia, 126 Uromyces, 98 Uromycodes, 98 Urophlyctis, 12 Uropyxis, 99 Urospora, 27 Urosporella, 27 Urosporium, 152 Usnea, 82 Usneae, 81 Ustilaginaceae, loi Ustilaginula, 102 Ustilago, loi Ustilagopsis, 102 Ustilina, 29 Valsa, 26 Valsaria, 33 Valsella, 26 Varicellaria, 80 Vauche'riales, 14 Velutaria, 86 Venturia, 31 Vermicularia, 123 Vermiculariella, 125 Verpa, 91 Verrucaria, 39 Verrucariaceae, 38 Verrucariae, 39 Verticicladium, 150 Verticilliae, 142 Verticilliopsis, 143 Verticillium, 143 Vialaea, 38 Vibrissea, 91 Virgaria, 148 Vizella, 51 Volutella, 160 Volutellaria, 160 Volutina, 160 Volvaria, 112 Volvariella, 113 Volvoboletus, 108 W Wallrothiella, 27 Weinmannodora, 124 Willia, 94 Winteria, 36, 37 Winterina, 33 Wojnowicia, 126 Woodiella, 69 Woronina, 10 X Xanthocarpia, 84 Xanthoria, 83 Xenodochus, 100 Xenopus, 141 Xenosporium, 153 Xerotus, 112 Xylaria, 29 Xylariodiscus, 29 Xylobotryum, 32 Xyloceras, 32 Xylocladium, 157 Xylocrea, 44 Xyloglyphis, 64 Xylo gramma, 64 Xylographa, 59, 63 Xylopodium, 119 Xyloschistes, 59 Xylostroma, 164 Yoshinagaia, 51 Ypsilonia, 122 Zaghouania, 98 Zignoella, 33 Zignoina, 27 Zimmermanniella, 48 Zodiomyces, 21 INDEX 227 Zopfia, 24 Zygochytriae, 12 Zygosporium, 150 Zukalia, 24 Zygochytrium, 12 Zythia, 128 Zukalina, 92 Zygodesmus, 148 Zythiaceae, 128 Zukaliopsis, 24 Zygosaccharomyces, 94 Zythiae, 128