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 The electrum coinage of Lampsakos / 
 
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 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924011652728 
 
THE 
 
 ELECTRUM COINAGE OF LAMP8AKOS 
 
 AGNES BALDWIN 
 
 THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY 
 
 BROADWAY AT lBfira STREET 
 
 JXEW YORK 
 
 1914 
 
THE ELECTRUM COINAGE OF 
 LAMPSAKOS 
 
 The total output of electrum coins from the mint of Lampsakos was 
 insignificant in comparison with the prolific issues of Kyzikos, Phokaia 
 and Mytilenai. The coinage appears to have been limited to the stater 
 denomination, judging from the fact that no subdivisions of the stater 
 have come down to us, 1 and that no mention of any other denomination 
 occurs in literary references or inscriptions. Lampsakos differs in this 
 respect from most of the other electrum -issuing cities of Asia Minor 
 which, in the earliest period, issued halves and thirds of staters, as well 
 as sixths and smaller fractions, and, at a later period, from the middle 
 of the Sixth Century B. C. onwards, struck hektai, or sixths, in great 
 numbers and also, though less frequently, various smaller denomina- 
 tions. 2 From the great rarity of the staters extant, and the entire lack 
 
 1 The hekte with the forepart of a winged horse to the left (B. M. C. Ionia, pi. I. 10; Babe- 
 Ion, Traits II 1 , pi. II. 26) does not belong to Lampsakos, as is indicated both by its style and 
 weight standard, taken in conjunction, and by the incuse. Babelon has suggested Lampsakos as 
 the possible place of mintage of the electrum hemi-hektai with the owl type (Traite" II 1 , p. 186, 
 note 2, and pp. 137 ff. nos. 208-210, pi. V. 23), which, he thinks, may have been struck there by 
 the descendants of Hippias, tyrant of Athens, whose family was allied by a marriage tie with that 
 of Hippoklos, tyrant of Lampsakos. In spite of the Athenian type, and the fact that three of the 
 six known specimens were found in Attika, Babelon inclines to seek an Asiatic origin for 
 these coins, chiefly on account of their Phokaic weight. But the weights of these coins, which 
 are Phokaic hemi,hektai of ca. 1.36 grams, giving a stater of ca. 16.32 gr., do not conform to the 
 standard used for electrum at Lampsakos (i. e. coins of the regular issues, PI. I) which was a lighter 
 one, called by Babelon, "Phokaic reduced," with a stater of 15.36 gr. maximum. 
 
 2 The ancient Ionian and Lydian electrum coinages of the Seventh and Sixth Centuries B. C. 
 include, besides staters, also halves, thirds, hektai and smaller divisions down to one ninety-sixth 
 of a stater. Kyzikos issued in the earliest period, ca. 600-550 B. C, staters, sixths, twelfths, 
 twenty-fourths and forty-eighths, but the two latter divisions are rare, though the twelfth is common. 
 During the long period of the abundant issues of staters ca. 550-330 B. C, the hekte was the prin- 
 cipal divisional coin (see the table in H. von Fritze's Die Elecktronpragung von Kyzikos, Nomisma 
 VII. p- 34). It is remarkable to note that the hekte was less commonly struck during the periods 
 475_410 B. C. and 410-330 B. C. than in the two preceding periods. The explanation of this 
 more restricted output of hektai may be that Kyzikos entered into a mutual undertaking with 
 Phokaia and Mytilenai whereby the latter mints were to supply hektai, mainly, and Kyzikos, the 
 large quantity of staters, needed for the commerce of Asia Minor. Staters of Phokaia, neverthe- 
 less, though known to us by only one extant type, dated ca. 600 B. C. (Babelon, Traits II 1 , pi. IV. 
 
2 The Electhum Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 of a divisional coinage, the electrum issues of Lampsakos, like those of 
 Chios, with which the former correspond in period, or rather periods, 
 must have been of an occasional and restricted nature, whereas the 
 coinages of Kyzikos, Phokaia and Mytilenai formed a sort of interna- 
 tional currency. The pure gold staters of Lampsakos of the Fourth 
 Century are reckoned as rare among Greek coins, but in view of the 
 forty different obverse types, 1 and one hundred and thirty odd specimens 
 which have survived, this coinage would appear to have been relatively 
 common when contrasted with the fourteen varieties and forty or so 
 examples of the electrum coins extant. 
 
 It is this scarcity of the coins coupled with their infrequent and 
 scattered publication which has doubtless led to the wide divergence on 
 the part of numismatic authorities regarding the exact date of the 
 staters. Percy Gardner considered that the coins were all of a single 
 period which he designated as the latter half of the Fifth Century B.C. 2 
 Babelon has placed all of the staters in the last quarter of the Sixth 
 Century. 3 Head's view, with which Wroth concurred, is that the coins 
 were issued during the period " Circ. B. C. 500-450, and later.''''* All 
 of these writers have assumed that the coins belong to one period only, 
 i.e. were either of a single issue, as Gardner expressly states, or formed 
 a continuous series extending over a number of years. This view seems 
 to me erroneous, and partly responsible for the great discrepancy be- 
 tween the dates assigned by the above-mentioned writers. The dating 
 of Head and Wroth, which is rather elastic, in a way reconciles the two 
 widely divergent dates, last quarter of the Sixth and latter half of the 
 Fifth Centuries. In my opinion, it covers the whole period of the 
 emission of electrum at Lampsakos, and is only misleading if under - 
 
 '■'>, 5) can have been by no means uncommon, for they are mentioned in Attic inscriptions of the 
 early Fourth Century (I. G. ii. 652, 1. 42, QuKawcJ a-Tar^pe: II, also nos. 649, §60) and in literary 
 sources, Demosth. XL. 36 (rpiaKoo-iovs o-Tarijpas QuKaels) and Thuk. IV. 52 (durxMovs OTcrHjpas *&>KaiTas). 
 At Mytilenai, also, staters were issued, but are known to us by a single specimen, only, of the 
 period 440-400 B. C. (B. M. C. Troas, etc., pi. XXXII. 1. Num. Chron., 1890, pi. XIX. 16, 
 Traite - II 2 , pi. CLIX. 1). Of Chios, whose electrum coinage, aside from the Fifth-Century issue 
 represented by the unique example in the Berlin Museum (Rev. Num., 1864, pi. I. 4, Traite - II 1 , 
 pi. VIII. 9), is not later than ca. 500 B. C, only staters are known. The twelfth in the Paris 
 cabinet (Traite - II 1 , pi. VIII. 7), with the supposed type of Sphinx seated to right, in front of 
 which is x, has been " read upside down," for the type is in reality a griffin seated to the left, 
 in front of which is x or +, as on the twenty-fourth in the B. M. Cat. Ionia, pi. I. 15. 
 
 1 Baldwin, An Unedited Gold Stater of Lampsakos, Zeit. fur Num., 1914, pp. 1-14. 
 
 2 The Gold Coinage of Asia before Alexander the Great, Proceedings of the British Acad- 
 emy, vol. III. 190S, p. 20, and Coinage of the Athenian Empire, Jour. Hell. Studies, 1913, p. 155. 
 
 3 Traite - IP, pp. 184-186. 
 
 * Hist. Sum 2 ., p. 529. Wroth, B. M. C. Mysia, p. xx, and p. 79. 
 
Tine Ei.iscthum Coixa<;e of Lampsakos 3 
 
 stood as embracing half a century or more during which electrum was 
 minted in an unbroken series. 
 
 As a matter of fact, there were two separate and distinct issues of 
 electrum at Lampsakos between which a considerable number of years 
 must have elapsed. For the earlier issue, Babelon's date "vers 513" 
 accords well with the style of the most primitive staters of the first 
 issue, while for the staters of more developed style belonging to the 
 second issue, Gardner's date, ca. 434 B. C. is approximately correct, and 
 it is, furthermore, precisely the one originally suggested by Head when 
 he first published the staters of this type. 1 
 
 The first issue (nos. 1-13, pi. I. 1-11, and figs. 1-2) includes coins 
 of decidedly archaic style, which, as I hope to demonstrate, cannot be 
 much later than 500 B.C., while the earliest of them may go back to 
 525 B.C. These coins hitherto have been imperfectly described, and 
 are of extreme rarity. The type is always, on the obverse, a forepart 
 of a winged horse to the left, enclosed in a vine wreath, 2 and, on the 
 reverse, a square incuse quartered. These earlier coins of which some 
 thirteen examples are known to me, form a continuous series in which 
 may be traced a gradual development of style. The vine wreath is 
 often sketchily introduced, and, at times, merely traces of it are dis- 
 cernible, portions of the branch from which hang bunches of grapes 
 above, before and below the horse, which in some instances have been 
 mistaken for obscure symbols. 3 
 
 The second issue (PI. I. 12a -12k) comprises coins of similar type, 
 but of considerably more advanced style. The vine wreath is well 
 elaborated, showing branch and tendrils, leaves and bunches of grapes. 
 Below the half -horse is the letter I. All of the known specimens ema- 
 nate from a single pair of dies. This uniformity of type and the com- 
 parative commoness of the coin (there were in all about twenty speci- 
 mens in the hoard when seen by Head, Num. Chron. loc. cit.), has 
 made this I stater a thoroughly familiar coin. 
 
 1 On a Recent Find of Staters of Cyzikos, etc., Num. Chron., 187fi, pp. 277 ff., and Additional 
 Notes, etc., op. cit. 1877, pp. 169 ff. These are the staters of our Period II which have the letter 
 I beneath the horse, and are apparently the only staters that Gardner took into account when pro- 
 posing his date. Head (H. N 2 ., p. 529) does not distinguish between two separate issues, nor 
 does he make any specific reference to the staters of this find. His description of the whole class 
 of staters which he would definitely attribute to Lampsakos, ca. 500-450 B. C. and later, is " Fore- 
 part of winged horse; sometimes in vine-wreath. Quadripartite incuse square [Babelon, 
 
 Traits, pi. VIII. 1-4.] El. Stater, 237 grains." 
 
 2 An exception to this description is no. 1, PL I. 1, on which the vine is lacking. 
 
 3 15. M. C. Mysia, p. 79, no. 7 " symbol obscure " = PL I. 2. Cat. Philipsen, no. 1785, pi. 
 XXI " oben Lyra, unten undeutliches Zeichen " = no. 2, fig. 1. Regling. Samm. Warren, p. 240, 
 no. 1590, pi. XXXVI, " oben unci unten ein undeutliches Zeichen " = PL 1. i), 
 
4 The Electrum Coixage of Lampsakos 
 
 The coins of the .first period, on the other hand, are so rare as to be 
 but little known. Brandis (Miinz-Mass-u. Gewichtswesen (1866) p. 
 389) was the first writer to mention an electrum stater of Lampsakos. 1 
 In 1867, the Dupre catalogue described another specimen. The former 
 piece was the de Luynes coin (PI. I. 10) which was also noted by Head 
 (Num. Chron. 1876, p. 287), who raised the question as to whether it 
 might not be identical with the staters of the I type which he was then 
 for the first time publishing. Six, in a letter to Head (op. cit. 1877, pp. 
 169ff.), replied that the de Luynes coin differed from the I. type and 
 that he knew of but three examples »f this earlier type, (1) the de 
 Luynes coin, (2) the Dupre specimen just noted, and (3) a coin in his 
 own collection weighing 15.19 gr. In 1882 the Bompois catalogue (nos. 
 1389 and 1390) contained descriptions of two staters of Lampsakos 
 which have never before been illustrated. They were formerly in the 
 de Hirsch collection and are now in the Brussels cabinet (PL I. 3, 4) . 
 The Whittall catalogue in 1884 described another stater which was ac- 
 quired by the British Museum (B. M. C. Mysia, no. 6, pi. XVIII. 7 = 
 PL I. 1) . This coin was described and figured by Head (Num. Chron. 
 1887, pi. XL 89) , the first publication in which one of these rare coins 
 was illustrated. A second stater of different style, also in the British 
 Museum, was at the same time figured by Head (op. cit. pi. XL 90 = 
 PL I. 11). The B. M. C. Mysia (1892) illustrated the Whittall coin, 
 but not this other specimen (Sava) 2 . A third example in the London 
 cabinet (B. M. C. no. 7) is here published for the first time (PL I. 2) . 
 In 1895, a single specimen turned up in the Ashburnham catalogue 
 (no. 149, pi. IV) which is now in the Yakountchikoff collection (PL I. 
 8) . The Inv. Waddington (1897, no. 855) contained the coin, formerly 
 Dupre, which was known to Six (PL I. 7) . In 1906, Regling published 
 the Green well- Warren specimen, now in Boston (Samm. Warren, no. 
 1590, pi. XXXVI = PL I. 9), and in 1907, Babelon published the de 
 Luynes coin which, as we have seen, was the first example to become 
 known, and also the Waddington coin (Traite II 1 , nos. 323, 325, pi 
 VIII. 1,2 = PL I. 7, 10). 
 
 Finally, in 1909, the Philipsen catalogue contained a highly interest- 
 ing stater (no. 1785, pi. XXI = no. 2, Fig. 1) which has just now reap- 
 
 1 The electrum staters mentioned by Sestini (Stateri Antichi (1817) p. 62, no. 1, p. 62, no. 2, 
 pi. VI. 1) in the Vienna and Munich cabinets are staters bearing the half-horse of Lampsakos, but 
 of Milesian weight (B. M. C. Mysia p. 78, 1 and note and pp. XX, XXI), and will not be discussed 
 in this paper until the coins of Periods I and II have been considered. 
 
 2 The " Sava" coin which is no. 9 in the B. M. Cat. is there incorrectly classed as another 
 example of the I type. 
 
The Elkctjjum Coinage of Lampsakos 5 
 
 peared in a sale catalogue (Cat. Prowe, no. 588, pi. XIII. Egger XL VI, 
 Vienna, May, 1914) . Six's coin is the only one noted in the earlier liter- 
 ature accessible to me which I have been unable to trace. Besides the 
 above-mentioned ten staters (i. e. omitting the Six coin), the present 
 catalogue contains a stater recently acquired by M. R. Jameson (PL I. 5) , 
 a similar coin (PL I. 6) formerly in the collection of M. G. Burel (Cat. 
 Burel, no. 265, pi. V. Feuardent, Paris, June, 1913) , and a stater in the 
 collection of Sir Hermann Weber (no. 10, fig. 2) . Of the thirteen coins 
 illustrated on PL I. 1-11 and in figs. 1 and 2 of the text, nos. 3-6 (PL 
 I. 2-5) , and no. 10, fig. 2, have never before been illustrated. Nos. 3-6 
 are of unusual interest because they bear Greek letters on the design of 
 the obverse type, or in a square of the reverse, or both, which are prob- 
 ably the initials of monetary magistrates, like the letter I on the coins 
 of Period II. If the date which is here assigned to the coins of Period 
 I be correct, the appearance of magistrate's marks on a part of the type, 
 or on the coin at all, at such an early epoch, would constitute a notable 
 exception to the rule in Greek numismatics. The following is a de- 
 scription of the electrum staters of the regular issues of Lampsakos. 
 
 PERIOD I. 
 
 End of the Sixth and Beginning of the Fifth Centuries B. C. 
 
 GROUP I. 
 
 Reverse, with incuse square divided into four equally sunk compart- 
 ments. 
 
 A. Obverse, with a pointed amphora above the half -horse ; type 
 not enclosed in a vine wreath. 
 
 Incuse square divided by two raised 
 lines into four square compartments, 
 equally depressed. 
 
 J. Forepart of a winged horse 1., round 
 wings, feathered, 1. raised, r. lowered ; 1. 
 wing in three sections, the one joining the 
 body granulated, the middle one narrow 
 and barely differentiated from the last row 
 of dots of the first section, the third sec- 
 tion curving back convexly, towards the 
 head ; r. wing in one section ; two rows 
 of dots across the neck parallel to the left 
 wing; no line at the termination of the 
 body: above, a pointed amphora lying 
 slantwise. 
 
 EL. 19mm. 15.05 gr. London (Whittall). Plate I. 1. 
 
 Cat. Whittall no. 7K0 (S. W. & IT. London, 1884). Head, Xum. C.'hron. 1887, p. 297, no. SI), 
 pi. XI. B. M. C. Mysia, p. 79, no. 6, pi. XVIII. 7. Babelon, Traits II 1 , no. :i'2i. 
 
The Electkum Coixage of Lampsakos 
 
 B. Obverse, without symbol; type enclosed in vine wreath. 
 
 Similar. 
 
 2. Similar ; wings, rows of dots, etc., as 
 before ; enclosed in a vine wreath of which 
 a pai't with a cluster of grapes above the 
 horse, is plainly visible : no symbol. 
 
 EL. 20mm. 15.10 gr. (formerly Philipsen) fig. 1. 
 
 Cat. Philipsen, no. 1785, pi. XXI (Hirsch XXV, Munich, 1909). Cat. Prowe, no. 588, pi. 
 
 XIII (Egger XLVI, Vienna, May, 1914). 
 
 Fig. 1. 
 
 GROUP II. 
 
 Reverse, with incuse square consisting of alternately raised and sunk 
 compartments. 
 
 Obverse, with type enclosed in vine wreath, and sometimes bearing 
 magistrate's signs, in the form of initials or monograms, on the neck of 
 the horse, or in one of the squares of the reverse, or both, (nos. 3-6) ; 
 and in the form of a symbol above the horse (n. 8) . 
 
 3. Similar ; wings, etc., as before, mid- 
 dle section of 1. wing well differentiated ; 
 of vine, only the bunch of grapes, above 
 horse, is visible : on horse's neck ©. 
 
 EL. 21mm. 15.13 gr. London. 
 
 Incuse square divided by two raised 
 lines into four compartments, two of which, 
 diagonally opposed, are less deeply sunk 
 than the other two. 
 
 Plate I. 2. 
 
 B. M. C. Mysia, p. 79, no. 7. Babelon, Traite" II 1 , no. 324. 
 
 4. Similar description and style ; raised 
 line at termination of horse's body ; vine 
 wreath visible above and before horse ; 
 bunch of grapes above horse, incompletely 
 indicated \. 
 
 EL. 20mm. 15.21 gr. Brussels (de Hirsch) 
 Cat. Bompois, no. 1390 (Paris, 1882). 
 
 5. Similar description and identical 
 style ; above horse, bunch of grapes which 
 in its form resembles a tri-lobed leaf, thus, 
 K ; on horse's neck p . 
 
 EL. 20mm. 15.27 gr. Brussels (de Hirsch). 
 Cat. Bompois, no. 1389 (Paris, 1882). 
 
 6. Similar description and style ; vine Similar 
 with bunches of grapes above and before ment $. 
 horse: on horse's neck f$. 
 
 EL. 20mm. 15.09 gr. Jameson, Paris. 
 
 Similar; in upper right-hand compart- 
 ment ft|. 
 
 Plate I. 
 
 Similar, but no monogram. 
 
 Plate I. 4. 
 
 in lower left-hand compart- 
 
 Plate I. 5. 
 
The Electrusi Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 7; Similar description and style ; vine 
 wreath as before ; a bit of the tendril is 
 also visible below ; at termination of body, 
 a raised line and row of four dots : no 
 monogram or letter. 
 
 EL. 20mm. gr. (formerly G. Burel). 
 
 Similar, but no monogram. 
 
 Plate I. 6. 
 
 Cat. Burel, no. 265, pi. V (Feuardent, Paris, June, 1913). 
 
 8. Similar description and style ; vine j Similar, 
 wreath more fully indicated ; bunch of 
 grapes visible before horse : above horse, 
 vase (skyphos?). 
 
 EL. 20mm. 14.99 gr. (worn). Paris (Waddington). Plate I. 7. 
 
 Cat. Dupre", no. 263 (Paris, 1867). Babelon, Inv. Wackl, no. 855, and Traitd II 1 , no. 323, 
 pi. VIII. 1. 
 
 9. Similar description but less rude Similar, 
 style ; middle section of 1. wing broader, 
 and wider at the top than at bottom ; 
 raised line at termination of body, placed 
 a little in from edge : bunch of grapes 
 above horse faintly discernible ; the two 
 globules above 1. wing accidental (?) ; 
 horse bridled (?) : no symbol. Plate I. 8. 
 
 EL. 20mm. 15.36 gr. Yakountchikoff, St. Petersburg (formerly Ashburnhain). 
 Cat. Ashburnham, no. 149, pi. IV (8. W. & H., London, 1895). 
 
 10. Similar description and style ; vine Similar, 
 wreath visible above and before horse ; 
 very similar, though different, die ; on this 
 coin the "globules," albeit rather unintel- 
 ligible, appear to belong to the representa- 
 tion of the vine. 
 
 EL. 20mm. 15.35 gr. Sir H. Weber, London, fig. 2. 
 
 Fig. 2. 
 
 I J. Similar description and style; r. Similar, 
 
 wing in tioo sections ; vine wreath barely 
 visible ; horse bridled (?). 
 
 EL. 22mm. 15.05 gr. Boston (Greenwell-Warren). 
 
 Begling, Saram. Warren, p. 240, no. 1590, pi. XXXVI. 
 
 Plate I. 9. 
 
The Ei.kctrum Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 12. Similar description, but finer, more Similar, 
 
 careful style ; line at termination of body . 
 (?) ; vine wreath visible above and below 
 horse ; bridle visible. 
 
 EL. 20mm. 15.15 gr. Paris (de Lnynes). Plate I. 10. 
 
 Brandis, Miiiiz- Mass-u. Gewichtswesen. p. 389. Babelon, Traits IP, no. 325, pi. VIII. 2. 
 
 J3. Similar description and style ; at Similar, 
 
 termination of body, a row of four dots 
 between two raised lines; vine wreath more 
 fully given, before and below horse ; above 
 horse, bunch of grapes; horse is bridled. 
 
 EL. 20mm. 15.35 gr. London (Sava). 
 Head, Num. Chron. 1887, p. 297, no. 90, pi. XI. 
 Traite" II 1 , no. 328. 1 
 
 1 A stater of Per. I which, by reason of its weight, 15.19 gr., does not seem to be identical 
 with any of the above coins, is the one formerly in the Six collection (Num. Chron. 1877, p. 171). 
 Another stater, apparently also distinct from the I type, is mentioned in the Cat. Montagu 
 (First Series, no. 518, S. W. & II., London, March, 1896), as weighing 15.48 gr., a weight which, 
 if correctly given, would be somewhat in excess of the norm. 
 
 Plate I. 11. 
 
 B. M. C. Mysia, p. 79, no. 9. Babelon, 
 
 PERIOD II. 
 
 ca. 450 B. C. 
 
 f . Forepart of a winged horse 1., round 
 wings, feathered, 1. raised, r. lowered ; 1. 
 wing in three sections, the one joining the 
 body granulated, the middle one of about 
 even width, the third one curving back 
 convexly, toward horse's head ; r. wing in 
 one section ; two rows of small dots across 
 neck, lower row disappearing under wing; 
 two raised lines at termination of body ; 
 the whole enclosed in a vine wreath, from 
 the branch of which depend leaves, above 
 and before horse, bunches of grapes, right 
 and left, and tendril, below : beneath horse, 
 within the wreath, I. 
 
 EL. 18-20mm. 15.02-15.33 gr. 
 
 a. 15.15 gr. Jameson, Paris. 
 Cat. Jameson, no. 1432, pi. LXXITI. 
 
 b. 15.31 gr. Boston (Greenwell-Warren) 
 Samm. Warren, no. 1592, pi, XXXVI. 
 
 Incuse square divided by two raised 
 lines into four compartments, two of which, 
 diagonally opposed, are less deeply sunk 
 than the other two. 
 
 Plate II. 12a-12k. 
 
The Electrum Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 c. 15.30 gr. Paris. 
 
 Num. Chron. 1876, pi. VIII. 31. Babelon, Traitfi IP, no. 327, pi. VIII. 4. 
 
 d. 15.27 gr. London. ' 
 
 Num. Chron. 1876, pi. VIII. 31. B. M, C. Mysia, p. 79, pi. XVIII. 8. 
 
 e. 15.25 gr. Berlin. 
 
 f. 15.21 gr. Brussels (du Chastel). 
 
 g. 15.18 gr. Paris. 
 
 Babelon, Traite IP, no. 326, pi. VIII. 3. 
 
 h. 15.25 gr. Cambridge (McClean). 
 
 ex Montagu Coll. Private Sale of Duplicates, 1894. 
 
 i. 15.02 gr. Newell, New York (ex Pbilipsen). 
 
 Cat. Philipaen, no. 1786, pi. XXI (Hirscb, Munich, 1909). 
 
 j. 15.33 gr. Yakountchikoff, St. Petersburg. 
 
 k. gr. Munich. 
 
 1. 15.33 gr. New York, Metropolitan Museum (Ward ex Greenwell). 
 Cat. Ward, no. 610, pi. XV. 
 
 m. gr. The Hague. (Six). 
 
 n. 15.25 gr. Sir H. Weber, London. 
 
 o. 15.13 gr. (formerly Warren). 
 
 Samm. Warren, no. 1591, pi. XXXVI. 
 
 p. 15.22 gr. 
 
 Cat. Late Collector, no. 324, pi. VII (S. W. & II., London, May, 1900). 
 q. gr. 
 
 Cat. Well-known Collector, no. 248, pi. II (S. W. & II., London, Dec, 1894). 
 r. gr. 
 
 Cat. Strozzi, no. 1582, pi. XI (Sangiorgi, Rome, April, 1907). 
 
 s. 15.22 gr. 
 
 Cat. O'Hagan (ex Balmanno), no. 533, pi. IX (S. W. & II., London, May, 1908). 
 
 t. 15.29 gr. 
 
 Cat. Bunbury (Sec. Port.), no. 85, pi. I (S. W. & II., London, Dec, 1896). 
 
 u. 15.25 gr. 
 
 Cat. Weber, no. 2447, pi. XXXIV (Hirsch XXI, Munich, Nov., 1908). 
 
 v. 14.96 gr. 
 
 Cat. Delbeke, no. 180, pi. VI (S. W. <fc II., London, April, 1907). 
 
 w. 15.30 gr. 
 
 Cat. Gr. u. Rom. Mttnzen, no. 546, pi. XVII (Egger, Vienna, Nov., 1913). 
 
 x. 15.15 gr. 
 
 Cat. Lambros, no. 666, pi. XI (Hirsch, Munich, Nov., 1910). 
 
 y- g r - ■ 
 
 Cat. Durufle, no. 506, pi. XI (ex Vente du Chastel, 1889, no. 79) (Feuardent, Paris, 
 May, 1910). 
 
10 The Electrum Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 z. gr. 
 
 Cat. Vicomte de Sartiges (1910), no. 343, pi. XIX. 
 
 aa. 1 15.22 gr. 
 
 Cat. Hazeldine, no. 6, pi. I (S. W. it II., London, April, 1914). 
 
 The attribution to Lampsakos of the coins of Periods I and II has 
 never been questioned, the identification of the anepigraphic coins of 
 this city being made, as so frequently, by means of the later coins which 
 bear both civic device and the city name. It is on these grounds that 
 the earlier numismatists, from Pembroke's time to that of Sestini and 
 Mionnet, attributed to Lampsakos the gold staters of the Fourth Cen- 
 tury which are likewise anepigraphic. Staters of Lampsakos XPTSO 
 2TATEPE2 AAMO2AKEN0I, xp v<t °v o"ra.Tfjpe<i AafiyjraKrivoi, are mentioned in 
 the Accounts of the Athenian Epistatai of ca. 434 B. C, 2 and were supposed 
 by Mommsen (Monn. Rom. I. 10) , and thereafter by Lenormant (Rev. 
 Num. 1868, p. 423) to be the pure gold staters, at that time practically 
 the only "gold" issues known. Head, however (Num. Chron. 1876, 
 p. 290) identified the " gold " staters of these Public Accounts with the 
 electrum staters, and pointed out the fact that word xP va °s was regularly 
 employed in the Accounts for the mixed metal, 3 and that the staters of 
 pure gold did not date as far back as these records. It is of course the 
 latter coins to which reference is made in a Boiotian inscription dating 
 355-351 B. C, containing a list of the contributions to the cost of the 
 
 Sacred War, See 11. 10, 11, Bv^dvTioi xpovcria) Aap,tya>cav5> <rr[aTeijOa?] oySoeiKOvra 
 
 7reTTa/3a?, apyvpfo 'At[tuc& Spafypas SeKae^, " Byzantion (contributed) eighty - 
 four Lampsakene gold staters, sixteen Attic silver drachms," and 11. 20, 
 
 21, Hvcr^dvTioi \avvel3a\\ov6o aXXoj? TrevTaica.TiG)<i crraTet/oaf? ^wo"]kb? Aa/^iira/caww? . . . ., 
 
 ' ' Byzantion contributed further five hundred gold staters of Lamp - 
 sakos." 4 
 
 1 The twenty-seven coins here enumerated are probably the actual specimens from the hoard 
 described by Head (Num. Chron. 1876 and 1877) as containing twenty or more examples. Speci- 
 men h., Cambridge, would seem to be identical with q., Well-known Collector, but the records of 
 the McClean collection give its provenance as from the Montagu sale, of same year as Cat. Well- 
 known Collector. Specimen p., Late Collector, resembles the coin figured in the Delbeke Cat., but 
 the weights given are different. When the present location of a given example is unknown, it is 
 manifestly impossible, at times, to distinguish it with certainty as a different specimen. 
 
 2 1. G. (== Inscriptions Graecae) i. 301-311. 
 
 8 In I. G. i. 301 (cf. Hill, Sources for Greek History (ed. 1907), p. 192, IV. 84) seventy 
 "gold" staters of Lampsakos are mentioned in company with twenty-seven " gold " staters and 
 one hekte of Kyzikos. The statements in Traite' I 1 , p. 490, 491, and II* pp. 1377ff. follow the old 
 view of Lenormant, but see note 1 to Traite' II 2 p. 1379. 
 
 "Hicks and Hill, Historical Greek Inscriptions, p. 261, no. 135 = Dittenberger, Sylloge 2 , 
 120, Mus. Thebes, no. 100. I. G. vii. 2418. Compare also I. G. vii. 2425. 
 
The Klki:tku.m Coinage of Lamtsakos 11 
 
 From these Attic and Boiotian inscriptions, which are the only 
 ancient sources in which Lampsakene staters are mentioned, 1 and from 
 the coins which have come down to us, we learn first, that electrum 
 staters of Lampsakos were current in Athens along with Kyzikenes in 
 the second half of the Fifth Century, second, that the gold staters of 
 the Fourth Century circulated as an inter -state currency of consider- 
 able dimensions, a sum of five hundred of these staters feeing paid by 
 Byzantion, then an ally of Thebai, towards the cost of the Sacred War. 
 In contrast to the case of Kyzikos, whose extensive electrum coinage is 
 frequently mentioned by ancient writers, 2 and whose silver tetradrachms 
 of the type shown in B. M. C. Mysia, pi. IX. 8, 9 are actually described 
 by Suidas, v. Kv&icyvol a-Tar?)^?, no literary text has yet been cited which 
 contains a reference to the staters of Lampsakos. 
 
 But, even if the inscriptional records above cited, were not in exist- 
 ence, the testimony of the coins themselves would be a sufficient basis 
 for attribution. The continuity of style of the heraldic device, the 
 forepart of a winged horse, which appears first, as an obverse type, 
 directed towards the left, on the electrum coins, and then as a reverse 
 type, turned at first to the left, and later to the right, on the gold series, 
 and subsequently on the reverses of silver and bronze issues, is too strik- 
 ing to admit of question. On unpublished bronze coins with the head 
 of Nike on the obverse (type of B. M. C. Mysia, pi. XIX. 14, but earlier 
 style) which are in the Leake and McClean collections in Cambridge, 
 the horse of the reverse might have been struck with a reverse die used 
 for one of the gold staters with the Aktaion head, so similar is the style. 
 It is true that several other cities, Adramyteion, Iolla and Thebe, all in 
 Mysia, employed the forepart of a winged horse, also to the right as a 
 civic badge, but not one of these towns is of sufficient prominence, his- 
 torically, to rival the attribution to Lampsakos of these important issues 
 in electrum and gold, nor would the style warrant it. 3 
 
 The weight standard, a local one peculiar to Lampsakos, is regarded 
 by Babelon as derived from the Phokaic standard of which the stater 
 with a maximum weight of ca. 16.50 gr. was reduced at Lampsakos to 
 a stater of normal weight of ca. 15.36 gr. This "reduced Phokaic" 
 
 1 The references to Herod. VI. 37, 38, and Xenophon, Anab. vii. S. 3-6, given by Babelon, 
 Traite" I 1 , p. 401, note 1, concern Lampsakos, but not Lampsakene staters. 
 
 2 Traite" I 1 , pp. 487ff. and the references there given to Eupolis, Xenophon and Lysias. 
 Compare also Demosthenes, c. Phormionem, 34. 23. 
 
 3 Cf. Die Antiken Miinzen Mysiens, p. 5, where v. Fritze suggests that the occurrence of an 
 identical reverse type on the coins, of these four cities of Mysia, all contemporaneous, may indi- 
 cate a league. 
 
12 The Ei.ecteum Coinage oe Lampsakos 
 
 standard is appropriate to a city in northern Asia Minor, and especially 
 to one which was originally colonized from Phokaia. 
 
 Another reason for the attribution may be found in the symbolism 
 of the type of the electrum staters. The half -horse, winged, which is 
 probably a sea-horse rather than a Pegasos, 1 is suitable for a seaboard 
 town, indicating doubtless commercial prosperity, and the vine wreath 
 around the type expresses most directly the richness in vineyards for 
 which Lampsakos was especially famed. 2 
 
 Fig. 3. 
 
 In addition to all of the above evidence, there exists a proxeny 
 decree of Epidauros belonging to the Fourth Century 3 in which a cer- 
 tain Theognetos (or Theophantos) of Lampsakos is mentioned, and at 
 the head of the inscription is carved the winged half -horse (Fig. 3) , the 
 " arms" of the town whose citizen was honored by the decree. Similar 
 honorific inscriptions headed by the parasemata of the towns to which 
 the persons concerned in the decree, belonged, are by no means uncom- 
 mon. 4 With this final reinforcement of our evidence, the attribution 
 has now become critically unassailable. 
 
 1 There is no decisive reason for this conclusion, for I cannot agree with Regling that the 
 prominent forelock is the distinctive mark of the sea-horse (Samm. Warren, p. 158, no. 1001, note, 
 apropos of the Herakles and snakes type in the gold-stater series). Besides, with the exception of 
 the two earliest coins of the gold series, this accentuated forelock is not elsewhere found. Sestini 
 called the horse '' equus marinus alatus," just as he called the half winged boar " aper marinus 
 alatus," but in both cases he misunderstood the far wing for a tail. Whatever the original signifi- 
 cance may have been, the type seems to have been finally interpreted as a sea-horse on coins of 
 the Imperial age (M of Commodos, Julia Domna, and Geta, Cambridge). This is doubtless due to the 
 progressive degeneration in the portrayal of the far wing, which, instead of being represented as 
 beyond the body, is carelessly joined on to the termination until it resembles generally, the tail of 
 a fish. The next step of elongating the body and adding fishes' scales, produces the full-fledged 
 " hippocamp " of the Imperial coins cited. 
 
 2 Strabo, XIII. 12. Diodorus, XI. 57. Thuk. I. 13S. Plutarch, Them. 29. 
 
 a Perdrizet, Bull. Corr. Hell. XX (1896), p. 553. Cavvadias, Fouilles d'Epidaure I, p. Ill, 
 no. 274. 
 
 i Jour. Hell. Stud. 1904, p. 3K. Ath. Mitt. XVIII, p. 357. Macdonald, Coin Types, pp. 
 60-72. 
 
The Electrum Coinage of Lampsakos 13 
 
 In the evolution of the reverse type of the electrum coinage, the 
 incuse with equally sunk squares (Per. I, nos. 1 and 2) was modified to 
 one with alternately raised and depressed squares (Per. I, 3-13), an 
 evolution paralleled by that of the reverses of other series (compare the 
 coins of Abdera, Die Antiken Miinzen von Nord-Griechenland, II, I 1 , 
 Thrakien, p. 20, and of Kyzikos, Nomisma VII, p. 2, et passim). On 
 the coins of Per. II the incuse shows greater regularity than in the 
 former Period, the cross-lines appearing more distinctly, and more 
 regular, and the sunk squares being more deeply depressed, a tendency 
 which has already become manifest towards the end of Period I. 
 
 Despite the general air of relationship between the coins of Periods 
 I and II there is nothing genuinely archaic in the style of the I staters. 
 The rounded -end wing of the horse curving back towards the head, 1 is 
 an intentionally preserved archaic characteristic, modified somewhat in 
 treatment on the latter coins, but still retaining, in general, the old as- 
 pect. This form of the wing persists even on the Fourth -Century gold 
 staters though subject there also to an insensible modification during 
 the course of half a century or longer. The horse's head on the I 
 staters is well-proportioned to the body, and the modelling of the head 
 and neck, the fine execution of the mane are done in sufficiently free 
 style. Only in the still bulging eye, the fierce expression of the mouth 
 and in the structure of the legs may be noticed evidences of the strong 
 style. If we compare these horses with those of the Parthenon frieze, 
 it will be conceded, I think, that, barring the slight traces of archaic 
 feeling just set down, the style is about the same, allowing of course for 
 differences in medium. 2 On grounds of style alone then the I staters 
 may confidently be dated towards the middle of the Fifth Century, or 
 later. 
 
 The analysis of the hoard in which these staters were found sup- 
 ports the view of their date here put forward. The hoard was com- 
 posed chiefly of Kyzikene staters ranging in date from 475 to 410 B. C, 
 and of about twenty of the I staters which were in a better state of 
 preservation than the bulk of the Kyzikenes, at the probable date of 
 the deposit of the hoard ca. 410 B. C. The lower limit assignable to 
 the Kyzikene coins represented in the find is merely approximate, and 
 even though we are told that the Lampsakenes were better preserved 
 than the majority of the Kyzikenes, I should not be inclined to bring 
 
 1 This characteristic treatment of the wing in archaic Greek art was derived, according to M. 
 Georges Perrot, from Phoenician models, (Perrot et Chipiez, Histoire de l'Art, IX, p. 10). 
 
 2 The horses on the coins of Per. I should be compared for style with the fragmentary 
 Equestrian Statues found on the Acropolis at Athens, which belong to the period ca. 520-509 
 B. C. (G. Dickius, Catalogue of the Acropolis Museum, nos. 600, 097 and 700). 
 
14 The Electrum Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 the date of the Lampsakene staters close to the terminus post quern of 
 the hoard on account of the considerations of style above noted, and 
 because it would seem that these I staters must be the xp V(T °v araT^pet 
 kaixtyaicrivol referred to in the Accounts of the Epistatai of ca. 434 B.C. 
 These Accounts begin with the phrases -n-apa rS>v m-porepaiv kiri(naT&v and 
 
 Trepi.yevop.evov p,ev Ik tov irporepov eviavrov, that is to Say, they were accounts 
 
 rendered of funds accumulated, and we are therefore bound to allow a 
 margin of ten years or more previous to the archonship of Krates 
 434/433 B. C, in which the second stone is dated, for the commence- 
 ment of the issue. 1 Now it can scarcely be the staters of Per. I to which 
 the Accounts refer, for, as we have said, there was a decided break 
 between the two issues, and the staters of Per. I. do not, in my opinion, 
 extend down very much later than 500 B. C. As the first issue of elec- 
 trum was a rather limited one, these earlier staters were probably out 
 of circulation entirely by the middle of the Fifth Century. That a con- 
 siderable number of years elapsed between the coins of Per. I and those 
 of Per. II will become convincing after a study of Plate I. The size of 
 the horse's head in proportion to the body, the position of the fore -legs, 
 treatment of the wing, etc., on the coins of these two groups, and, more- 
 over, the developed character of the decorative, stylized wreath of thel 
 staters, point to a rather wide gap between the two. Even between the 
 later coins of Per. I, nos. 9-13 (PI. I. 8-11 and fig. 2) and the coins of 
 Per. II (PI. I. 12a -12k), although the horse's head is not so dispropor- 
 tionally large and the vine wreath gradually becomes more definite, 
 still the break between the really archaic style of Per. I and the ad- 
 vanced transitional style of Per. II is most sensibly felt. In fact the 
 affinity of style between the half -horses of the I staters and those of 
 the earliest coins in the gold stater series is greater than that existing 
 between those of the I staters and the archaic coins. 
 
 Another proof that all of the electrum coins of Lampsakos do 
 not belong to a single period is the difference in the composition of 
 the metal, the coins of Per. I being less pale in color and containing 
 consequently more pure gold proportionally than the I staters. 2 The 
 
 1 Eoberts and Gardner, Introduction to Greek Epigraphy, p. 315, no. 115. The Record of 
 the Epistatai of the year 434-4.-53 B. C. is the fourteenth in the financial series. We cannot, of 
 course, know whether Lampsakene staters formed part of the balance of the previous Accounts 
 now lost, hut a decade is a fair time to allow, as a minimum, for the arrival of these staters in 
 course of circulation in the hands of the Epistatai, or Overseers, of the Parthenon building fund. 
 
 2 The staters of Periods I and II are not included in Head's tabulated statements of the 
 specific gravity of electrum coins (Num. Chron. 1887, pp. 277-308). The percentage of gold indi- 
 cated by the color test would be about 60 and 40 per cent, respectively, while the staters illustrated 
 on our PI. II. contain only about 30 per cent., as is deduced from the specific gravity of specimens 
 weighed by Head. 
 
The Ei.eotbum Coinace of Lampkakos 15 
 
 latter coins, while of a less dark color than those of Per. I, are not of 
 that very pale electrum composition which at first glance looks like 
 silver, characteristic of the electrum coins with Lampsakene types but of 
 Milesian weight which will be discussed below (PI. II. l-3f) . 
 
 The I type of stater has been compared by Head and Babelon with 
 the interesting electrum stater of Chios in the Berlin collection (Traite, 
 II 1 , no. 336, pi. VIII. 9) , which is the sole representative of any electrum 
 issues from the Chian mint later than ca. 500 B.C. (Pig. 4) . The obverse 
 
 Fig. 4. 
 
 of this Chian stater bears the usual type of the Sphinx and amphora with 
 the addition of a vine wreath enclosing the whole, from which depends 
 above the amphora a bunch of grapes which the Sphinx touches with 
 uplifted right fore-paw. The wreath is rather like that on the Lamp- 
 sakene stater, but need not necessarily be considered as derived there- 
 from, for, while not a constant feature of the type at Chios as at Lamp- 
 sakos (not occurring on the archaic electrum coins of the former city) , 
 it is found occasionally at Chios, to wit, on archaic silver didrachms, of 
 which there are examples in the Jameson collection (Rev. Num. 1912, 
 pi. III. 7) and in the Paris cabinet (Traite II 1 , pi. XII. 1) , and again 
 on a didrachm in the London cabinet (B. M. C. Ionia, pi. XXXII. 4) 
 which was issued towards the close of the Transitional period, ca. 460- 
 440 B.C. The electrum stater in question is not struck on the Kyzikene 
 standard, of which the stater has a normal weight of 16.00 gr., as has 
 so often been stated, 1 but, as Babelon has pointed out, 2 on the Lamp- 
 sakene, or "reduced Phokaic " standard, its weight being 15.34 gr. 
 Head placed the stater at the close of the Fifth Century, and observed 
 that it was probably contemporary with the I staters. 3 Babelon has 
 put the coin much earlier since he assigned the I staters, after the 
 weight and type of which the Chian coin seems to have been patterned, 
 and indeed all of the electrum coinage of Lampsakos, to the last quarter 
 of the Sixth Century. Von Sallet regarded the coin as belonging to the 
 Fourth Century. 4 
 
 In order to settle definitely at least the century to which the coin 
 belongs, let us turn to the chronology of the silver coins of Chios which 
 
 1 Head, H. N*., pp. 599-600, and B. M. C. Ionia, p. XXX. * Traite' II 1 , p. 193. 
 
 3 Num. Chron, 1*76, p. 287, note 3. " Kgl. Munzkabinet, no. 82. 
 
16 The Electbum Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 are extant in a long, continuous series extending from ca. 600-350 B.C. 
 The style of the Sphinx on our electrum piece most closely resembles 
 that of the earliest tetradrachms (B. M. C. Ionia, pi. XXXII. 2) type 
 without magistrate's name, and the tetradrachms with the magistrate's 
 names Theodoros, Theron, Poseidippos (Traite II 2 , n. 1964, pi. CLIV. 
 20) and Leochos (Vienna collection) , and contemporary early drachms, 
 of which examples are found in the Cambridge and Vienna collections 
 (unpublished) , and also in the New York, Metropolitan Museum col- 
 lection (Ward Collection, no. 680, pi. XVI) , all of which were struck at 
 some time during the period 478-412 B. C. The short locks of the 
 Sphinx's hair, the shape of the amphora, and the plump, rounded form 
 of the body of the Sphinx which is no longer of lean and bony structure 
 as on the archaic and transitional coins, point this parallelism per- 
 fectly. It is impossible to place the Berlin stater as late as the Fourth 
 Century for the wing of the Sphinx is slightly earlier in form than that 
 of the tetradrachm series, being of the more naturalistic, feathered 
 type found on the coins of the archaic and transitional epochs, and 
 never again recurring once the fashion of conventionalizing the wing 
 had set in with the commencement of the tetradrachm issues. At what 
 date then did the latter coins begin to be struck "? In the B. M. C. Ionia, 
 the coins given to the period 478-412 B. C. are the tetradrachm issue 
 without magistrate's name (pi. XXXII. 2) of the strong, beautiful style 
 of the finest coins struck at Chios, after which are placed certain di- 
 drachms (pi. XXXII. 3, 4) and tetrobols (pi. XXXII. 5) which are, 
 however, of transitional style, and obviously antedate the tetradrachm 
 issue. These didrachms and tetrobols are but the continuation of the 
 archaic didrachm series with only a momentary break, if any, in con- 
 tinuity. Following these coins in the catalogue, come the drachms and 
 hemi- drachms on which magistrate's marks begin to appear which are 
 noted as being of later style than the foregoing, whose precise chrono- 
 logical relation to the tetradrachm issue of this period and the succeed- 
 ing one, we are not concerned here to determine. In this catalogue, all 
 of the tetradrachms and drachms bearing magistrate's names are placed 
 together, without distinction as to style, but merely grouped according 
 to denomination, in the period 412-350 B.C. From this chronological 
 scheme and from Head's classification in the H. N 2 . p. 600, one would 
 conclude that the tetradrachm issue without magistrate's name was 
 separated by half a century or more from those with the names. In 
 Babelon's Traite, the didrachms and tetrobols (pi. XII. 8, 9) which 
 we have distinguished as Transitional coins, are grouped with the 
 
Thk Electeum Coinage of Lami>sakos 17 
 
 archaic didrachm series, and dated before 494 B. C, while the tetra- 
 drachm issue without magistrate's name is placed at the head of a 
 group of issues dating, in this treatise, from 478-394 B. C. In a suc- 
 ceeding group are placed the coins with magistrate's names, tetra- 
 drachms and drachms, and they are included within the period 394-350 
 B. C. This classification widens still further the gap between the 
 tetradrachm issue without and those with the magistrate's names. 
 
 The first correction to be made to the above chronological schemes 
 is to place the transitional didrachms and tetrobols, which exist in a con- 
 siderable variety of types, mostly unpublished, showing a gradual prog- 
 ress in style, in their proper place, that is, not following the unsigned 
 tetradrachm issue but preceding it, and not grouped with the archaic 
 didrachms, but following them. They should be given to the period 
 478-450 B. C. The next alteration to the schemes cited consists in 
 bringing together the tetradrachm (and drachm) issues without names 
 and the coins of the same denominations with names. It is manifestly 
 an error to separate coins of such closely similar style as the tetra- 
 drachm issue without name and those bearing the names, Theodoros, 
 Theron, Poseidippos and Leochos. There exist also, as stated above, 
 drachms which are undoubtedly contemporary with these earlier tetra- 
 drachm issues, notwithstanding the fact that they do not bear magis- 
 trate's names or marks. This tetradrachm and drachm (and hemi- 
 drachm) series 1 follows the didrachm and tetrobol series, and continues 
 uninterruptedly until the sudden cessation of Chian issues which oc- 
 curred about 350 B. C. How closely the tetradrachm and drachm 
 series succeeded the transitional coins is the debatable point. If the 
 identification of the coins called "Chian Fortieths" by Thukydides 
 (VIII. 101) and mentioned as in existence ca. 411 B. C, and of the 
 irevreSpaxpia ■ of Xenophon (Hell. I. 6. 12), stated to be current ca. 406 
 B. C, with these tetradrachms be correct, 2 then we have conclusive 
 ancient testimony confirming our subjective evidence derived from style 
 to prove that the tetradrachm series began in the Fifth Century. With 
 this literary evidence at hand, one is very naturally tempted to look to 
 the history of Chios at this period to find an event which might reason - 
 ably have occasioned the issue of the important new denomination. 
 But to assume that the occasion of the issue of these tetradrachms was 
 
 1 The didrachms of barbarous style (Traite" II 2 , pi. CLIV. 13) and flat obverse flan do not 
 appear to belong to Chios at all. If they are not a barbarous imitation, they must be classed 
 chronologically just on the borderland between the archaic and transitional series. They certainly 
 do not follow the tetradrachm (ibid. pi. CLIV. 12). 
 
 ■' Babelon, Traite" II 2 , pp. 1131 ff. Head, II. W-, p. 000, 
 
18 The Electbum Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 the revolt of Chios against the Athenian Hegemony in 412 B. C, and 
 to suppose further that Chios would not have commenced an important 
 new issue like the tetradrachm during the Athenian Supremacy, in view 
 of the well-known coinage -monopoly which Athens exercised at the 
 expense of her "Allies," 1 would be contrary to the dictates of style. 
 Our chief authorities, as we have seen, have been agreed in placing the 
 first tetradrachm issue, the one without magistrate's name, at the be- 
 ginning of the period 478-412 B. C, even though it involved the rather 
 violent separation of this one issue from the whole series of tetra- 
 drachms. These must all belong together, and follow the transitional 
 coins. The style of the earliest tetradrachms in their grand simplicity 
 and dignified severity would suggest the date ca. 440-420 B. C. This 
 date would bring the earliest tetradrachms in close sequence to the 
 electrum stater whose date it is the object of this long discussion to 
 settle. The electrum stater shows just one trace of the transitional man- 
 ner, namely, in the execution of the wing, and this detail justifies us in 
 placing the stater in precisely that decade ca. 450-440 B. C. to which 
 on a priori grounds the style and comparison of this stater and I staters 
 would incline us. 
 
 As the I staters are the only coins to which Gardner directly al- 
 ludes, in proposing the date 434 B. C. for all of the electrum issues of 
 Lampsakos (op. cit. pp. 20, 25, 32ff.) , it may fairly be inferred that he 
 did not take cognizance of the rarer archaic staters at all. 2 Babelon, on 
 the other hand, recognized the archaic character of the early staters, 
 but he classed the I staters with them. Let us examine for a moment 
 his reasons. Contemporaneously with the early electrum coinage, there 
 were issued at Lampsakos, archaic silver coins bearing, on the obverse, 
 a Janiform female head, and, on the reverse, a head of Athena hel- 
 meted. On the reverses of some of these silver coins, occur symbols, 
 letters and monograms among which the letter I (Traite II 1 , no. 649). 
 "La presence de la lettre I sur cette drachme est importante de constater, 
 car nous avons releve la meme lettre sur un statere d' electrum contem- 
 porain" (Traite II 1 , pp. 383, 384) . 
 
 Before proceeding directly to the rest of the argument as developed 
 in the Traite, let us consider the chronological order of the archaic sil- 
 
 1 Chios, as we know, as well as Lesbos, and Samos until 439 B. C, occupied a more favor- 
 able position - than the other "Allies," not continuously paying tribute to Athens (Thuk. VII. 57. 4). 
 and her coinage may, therefore, not have been restricted at all. 
 
 2 On p. 7 of Gold Coinage of Asia, however, a stater of Lampsakos, not of the J type, is 
 described (op. cit. pi. I. 7 = PL I. 1), and is dated among the early Ionian electrum coins of ca. 
 550 B. C! 
 
The Electkum Coinage of Lampsakos 19 
 
 ver coins of Lampsakos. There are first, the silver coins bearing the 
 winged half -horse (and incuse square) represented by the specimens in 
 the B. M. C. Mysia, pi. XVIII. 4-6 and Traite II 1 , pi. XVI. 13-16. The 
 coins with these types which can be definitely attributed to Lampsakos 
 are the following, B. M. C. nos. 2-5, pi. XVIII. 4-6, Traite II 1 , nos. 
 635, 637-639, pi. XVI. 13-16, and a coin in the Paris cabinet, weighing 
 2.30 gr., not catalogued in the Traite, no. 540 of the Inventaire. These 
 coins appear to be, respectively, didrachms B. M. C. 2-3, 6.81 gr., and 
 6.71 gr. ; tetrobols, Traite II 1 , 635, 637, 2.44 gr. and 2.35 gr., and no. 540 
 of the Inventaire, 2.30 gr. ; diobols, B. M. C. 4-5, pi. XVIII. 5, 6, 1.26 
 and 1.29 gr., and Traite II 1 , 638, 1.25 gr.; and a hemi-obol, Traite II. 1 
 639, 0.35 gr., struck on the Milesian standard. 1 
 
 Then there are the coins with the new head types, above noted, 
 which may be divided into three groups according to style. To the first 
 group belong the drachms, B. M. C. 10-14, pi. XVIII. 9 ; tetrobol, B. 
 M. C. 15, pi. XVIII. 10 = Traite, 645 ; trihemiobol, Traite, 2527, pi. 
 CLXX. 26 ; and obols, Traite, 2528, pi. CLXX. 27, and 646, pi. XVI. 
 20 = B. M. C. 21. On all of these coins, the hair of the Janiform head 
 is rendered by dotted lines on the united heads, and by dotted strands 
 hanging straight over the forehead. The second group is composed of 
 drachms, Traite, 2526, pi. CLXX. 25 and B. M. C. 16, pi. XVIII. 11, and 
 obols, B. M. C. 20, pi. XVIII. 12 and Cambridge (Leake) collection, with- 
 out symbol. The hair, in this group, is rendered by dotted lines on the 
 joined heads, and by wavy bands over the forehead. The third group, 
 in which an earlier and later style may be distinguished, shows a similar 
 treatment of the hair, but is marked off from the preceding groups by 
 the appearance of symbols on the reverse, and the olive wreath around 
 the helmet, and olive spray in the reverse field. On drachms there 
 occur the symbols, a kerykeion, B. M. C. 17 = Traite, 643, an eye, Cat. 
 Benson, 652, pi. XXII, an amphora, Traite, 642, and the letter I, Traite, 
 
 1 Traits II 1 , p. 378. Gardner, Coinage of the Ionian Revolt, J. H. S. 1911, p. 157. The 
 coin no. 633 of the Traite", pi. XVI. 12, wt. 2.16 gr. seems scarcely to belong to this system. The 
 style and size of the obverse type as compared with the tetrobols and diobols are against its attri- 
 bution to Lampsakos, which is noted in the Traite" as uncertain. The coin no. 510, pi. XII. in the 
 Cat. Durufle" (Monn. gr. ant., Feuardent, May, 1910), and certain small coins, obols (?), in the 
 McClean collection in Cambridge, weighing 0.648 and 0.67 gr., are doubtless rude imitations made 
 in the Phoka'ic colonies in Gaul, probably at Massalia, since they are similar in style and fabric to 
 the coins of the Trevor d'Auriol, Traite" II 1 , pi. LXXXI. nos. 11-24. Probably also the silver 
 coins bearing the winged half-horse r., beneath which is an ear of wheat (Six, Num. Chron. 1894, 
 pi. XIII. 8) should not be included. They may belong to Adramyteion (Antiken Miinzen Mysiens, 
 p. 10, note 1 ****), or to Iolla, although no other coins of these cities are known, earlier than 
 the middle of the Fourth Century, B. C. 
 
20 The Electrtjm Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 649 =Imh. -Bl., Monn. grecq. p. 248, no. 97, the monogram X , Traite, 648, 
 pi. XVI. 19, and Cat. Jameson, 1433, pi. LXXIII and the olive spray, 
 Traite, 641, pi. XVI. 18. On an obol is found F , Traite, pi. XVI. 21, 
 and around the helmet of the Athena head is an olive wreath, which 
 is found also on the drachms with I and x . 
 
 Now the silver coins with the horse type, struck on the Milesian 
 standard, 1 must have been issued concurrently with the electrum staters 
 of Milesian weight (PL II. l-3f) which as we shall later develop, were 
 struck ca. 500 B. C. Their style which indicates that they are all of 
 about one period, is very close to that ©f the staters of Per. I, and of 
 those of Milesian weight, but their weight standard makes it practically 
 certain that they were issued as divisional pieces of the latter. 
 
 The silver coinage with the head types struck on the Persic standard 
 could not have been issued concurrently with the silver coinage with the 
 horse type struck on the Milesian standard. The former must therefore 
 either have preceded or followed the latter. Their style is not sufficiently 
 archaic to permit our placing them en bloc before ca. 500 B.C., and they 
 must consequently all belong to the early Fifth Century. For, even 
 though the Milesian electrum staters, and the subsidiary silver coins with 
 horse type of this standard, were extraneous issues apart from the regu- 
 lar series, as will later be demonstrated, still they were all undoubtedly 
 struck at the mint of Lampsakos, and it is impossible to conceive of the 
 two silver coinages struck on different standards circulating side by side. 
 The silver coins with the head types must consequently have been be- 
 gun after ca. 500 B. C, and with this conclusion, their style is in per- 
 fect accord. The coins which we have placed in the first group are of 
 exactly that degree of archaism which we know from other coin series, 
 compare that of Syracuse, for example, to have prevailed during the 
 decade ca. 500-490 B. C, and the coins of the second and third groups 
 extend down probably not much later than ca. 470 B. C, i. e. to the 
 threshold of what we term the Transitional epoch. In this connection, 
 note the date independently assigned by Jameson to the drachm with x , 
 "vers 470" (Cat. Jameson, 1433), which we have placed in the third 
 group of coins with the head types. 
 
 Now, to return to the main argument, the letter I on the electrum 
 staters of our Per. II is held by Babelon to be the initial of the same 
 magistrate who signed the silver drachm with the letter I, and since a 
 
 1 Babelon (Traite' IP, p. 378) says " l'dtalon mile'siaque rffluit," but the weights of the vari- 
 ous denominations when taken together, not that of the didrachms alone, which are a trifle below 
 norm, correspond to the theoretical system given on p. 267 of the Traite\ 
 
The Electrum Coinage of Lampsakos 21 
 
 second coincidence of an identical moneyer's mark, the amphora, is 
 found to occur on the electrum staters of Per. I and likewise in the 
 silver drachm series, it is argued that all of these issues, silver and elec- 
 trum, should be dated at the same period . . . . " l'amphore et la lettre 
 I qui doivent etre l'embleme et l'initiale de noms de magistrats mone- 
 taires, se retrouvent sur des monnaies d'argent dont l'attribution a 
 Lampsaque n'est pas douteuse et qui sont contemporaines de nos 
 stateres d'electrum. Ce sont les memes magistrats qui ont signe ces 
 stateres d'electrum et ces pieces d'argent. ..." (Traite II 1 , p. 185) . 
 
 The amphora, however, as our catalogue of types shows, only oc- 
 curs with perfect certainty on one stater, namely, on the very earliest 
 issue from the Lampsakene mint, no. 1, PI. I. 1, but the divergence in 
 style between this really primitive looking stater and the drachm with 
 the amphora symbol is so pronounced that there could be no question of 
 these coins being simultaneous issues, and from the foregoing it has been 
 made perfectly evident that drachms of this type were struck ca. 480- 
 470 B.C. Furthermore I strongly doubt whether the amphora on the 
 electrum stater in question ought to be regarded as a private mark. It 
 probably belongs to that class of symbols which constitute an amplifica- 
 tion of the chief type, like the amphora, and later, the amphora and 
 bunch of grapes, on the coins of Chios which, added one after another 
 to the main type of the Sphinx, became an integral part of the type 
 expressing the fertility and renown of the vineyards of this island. 
 The amphora at Lampsakos, employed to express an identical idea, was 
 speedily replaced by the vine wreath, a form of symbolism more perfectly 
 adapted to the type. 
 
 But there is more to the argument in favor of a Sixth -Century date 
 for the I staters. Thus far it has been pointed out that the electrum 
 stater with the amphora symbol is separated by four or five decades 
 from the drachm with the same symbol, and also that the symbols have 
 a different significance in the two cases. There is not however the 
 same wide difference in date discernible in the style of the electrum 
 staters bearing the letter I and the drachms with the same initial. 
 The former coins have been dated on grounds of style, on the evidence 
 of the find in which they occurred, and on the basis of the resemblance 
 between these coins and the Chian Fifth-Century electrum issue, at about 
 450 B. C. The silver drachm may be as late as 470 B. C. And there 
 is nothing in the evidence available to conflict with the assumption of a 
 slightly earlier date for the electrum coinage, or a somewhat later date 
 for the silver drachm, so as to bring both issues under the same magistrate. 
 
22 The Electrum Coinage op Lampsakos 
 
 There remains now the third point in the argument to be consid- 
 ered. In the archaic series of Athens there are some remarkable small 
 coins bearing on the obverse a Janiform female head similar to the 
 Lampsakene type, and on the reverse the head of Athena helmeted, 
 with the ethnic, in the usual style of the period. Babelon sees in the 
 strange appearance of this obverse type, which is an intrusion, as it 
 were, upon the fixed types of Athena and the owl, and in the appear- 
 ance of the Athenian symbol, the olive, on the silver coins of Lamp- 
 sakos, a reflex of the intimate relations created between Athens and 
 Lampsakos through the alliance formed by Hippias, tyrant of Athens 
 and Hippoklos, tyrant of Lampsakos, ca. 513 B. C. 1 The circumstances 
 are narrated by Thukydides (VI. 59) who traced his ancestry back to the 
 Peisistratids. After the death of Hipparchos, Hippias seeing his power 
 at home weakening, sought a foreign alliance with a tyrant supported 
 by Persia, and gave his daughter Archedike in marriage to Aiantides, 
 son of Hippoklos of Lampsakos who enjoyed great favor under Dareios. 
 " C'est a l'occasion de ce mariage et de l'alliance qu'il consacrait, que 
 furent frappees les pieces ci-dessus decrites, 2 ainsi que celles d'Athenes 
 qui portent, les unes et les autres, d'un cote l'effigie d'Athena, et de 
 l'autre, la tete janiforme de Lampsaque." (Traite II 1 , p. 386). And 
 again " Ces pieces d'argent 3 .... sont rigoreusement datees ; elles ont 
 ete frappees a l'occasion du mariage d'Archedice, la fille d'Hippias, avec 
 Aiantides, fils d' Hippolochos (sic) ; elles consacrent l'alliance que con- 
 clurent dans cette circonstance, Hippias et Hippolochos (sic) , vers 513. 
 Et ainsi, nous pouvons affirmer que les monnaies d'electrum ci-dessus 
 decrites, ont ete frappees a Lampsaque vers 513." (Traite II 1 , p. 186) . 
 
 This theory of the origin of the Janiform head type at Athens is 
 extremely ingenious and very plausible at first view. But the style of 
 the double head on the Athenian coins is certainly rather more archaic 
 than that of even the earliest of the Lampsakene silver coins with the 
 Janiform head. If the Athenian coins were struck by Hippias to com- 
 memorate the marriage of his daughter with the son of the Lampsakene 
 tyrant, it would have been between the years ca. 513-511 B. C, i. e. 
 after the death of Hipparchos in 514, when Hippias was impelled to seek 
 a protecting alliance abroad, and before the time of his expulsion from 
 Athens. And this is exactly the date which the style of these Athenian 
 pieces would indicate. On the other hand, in the Lampsakene series, 
 
 1 Traite" II 1 , pp. 751ff, pp. 185, ISO, and pp. 385, 386. Six, Num. Chron. 1895, pp. 172, 173. 
 " Namely, the silver coins of Lampsakos with the head types, Traite" II 1 , 641-650. 
 3 That is, the coins of Lampsakos, Traite", 641-650. 
 
The Eleotrum Coinage op Lampsakos 23 
 
 one does not find the reciprocal adoption of an Athenian type, for the 
 head of Athena to the left, wearing a Corinthian helmet can hardly be 
 claimed as a distinctly Athenian type. And what is particularly 
 claimed as exhibiting the "reflex" of the alliance, the essentially 
 Athenian symbol, the olive (around the helmet of Athena, as a wreath, 
 and, in the field, as a spray) does .not appear at once on the earliest 
 coins, but only in the latter part of the series, namely on coins, which, 
 if our dating be correct, belong rather well along towards 490-480 B. C, 
 and later. Persuasive therefore as the hypothesis is, as regards the 
 origin of the double-headed type in the Athenian series, 1 1 do not feel 
 disposed to admit it in its entirety, for the date ca. 513 B. C. is far too 
 early for the Lampsakene coins on which the olive appears. The 
 following modification of the theory might be allowed. It might be 
 assumed, though it involves considerable difficulty with regard to the 
 silver coinage with the horse type at Lampsakos, that the series with 
 the head types of this city began ca. 513 B. C. when the supposed 
 Hippias coins of Athens were issued. For we may suppose either that 
 the art of Athens lagged behind that of Lampsakos, whence the incon- 
 gruity of style between the Athenian pieces and our earliest known 
 Lampsakene coins with head types, or that it is a mere chance that no 
 specimens of the latter coins, more archaic in style, have come down to 
 us. The appearance then of the Athenian symbol, the olive, on the 
 later issues of the head types at Lampsakos may be said to be due to 
 the continuance of the tradition of the alliance, that is, to the influence 
 
 1 If we abandon the hypothesis entirely, how do we account for the Janiform type at Athens ? 
 It could not be borrowed from Lampsakos, for this type was not commenced at the date required 
 by the theory, ca. 513 B. CI. The origin of the Janiform types, both heads female, or male or 
 female, is very obscure. At Tenedos and at Gaza, where it is best known outside of Lampsakos, 
 it would appear to have had an independent origin, for there is no proof of borrowing. One's 
 fancy is kindled by the apparent connection of the double head with the double axe at Tenedos. 
 Greek legend could not account for these types (Traits' IP, .'36(5-374) and as their origin was evi- 
 dently lost to the Greeks themselves, it is eminently reasonable to suppose that they go back to 
 the prehistoric age. Such survivals, like the Carian cult of Zeus Labrandeus, or Zeus of the 
 labrys, the bipennis or double axe, would be appropriate in countries or places, which had come 
 under the sphere of influence of Aegean civilization. Every one of the cities, where the double 
 head (and sometimes the double axe) occurs, fulfills this postulate. Lampsakos and Tenedos 
 were ancient settlements, probably originally Phoenician trading-posts, as the derivation of the 
 name of the former from " Lapsak" " at the ford" in Phoenician, like Thapsakos from Thiphsach 
 (Busolt, Gr. Gesch. I. p. 271) and the traditions regarding Tenedos (one of its early names was 
 Phoenike) prove, while Gaza is said to have been settled by Cretan " Philistines " (Mosso, Dawn 
 of Mediterranean Civilization, p. 36). It would be a complex matter to evolve any further an 
 hypothesis regarding a cult of a dual or dimorphous deity, and I leave it to competent students of 
 prehistoric and Greeks cults to decide whether the aniconic image of the sacred double axe may 
 have developed into a Janiform divinity during the anthropomorphic stage of Greek religion. 
 
24 Tfib Electrum Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 of Hippias's son-in-law, Aiantides, or his descendants. The original 
 ' ' reflex ' ' of the alliance as seen in the Lampsakene series would then 
 have been, merely, the adoption of the type, a helmeted Athena head. 
 The whole theory is of course weakened to the point of invalidation by 
 the establishment of the date ca. 490-480 B. C. for the appearance of 
 the olive in the Lampsakene series. 
 
 In other passages in the Traite, Babelon himself seems to date the 
 coins showing the olive all in the Fifth Century. " On sait, d'ailleurs, 
 qu' Hippias chasse d'Athenes en 511, et retire a Sigeion, allait frequem- 
 ment a Lampsaque chez son gendre et sa fille. Ses petits-fils succederent 
 a leur pere Aiantides et la branche d'olivier qui est un symbole essen- 
 tiellement athenien, se voit encore sur les monnaies de Lampsaque du 
 commencement du V e siecle, soit autour du casque d'Athena, soit dans 
 le champ de la piece " (Traite II 1 , p. 386, and also II 1 , p. 755) . At all 
 events, the silver drachm bearing the letter I which must be contempo- 
 raneous with the coins bearing the olive, cannot be pushed back into the 
 Sixth Century, and therefore the electrum staters, with this same letter, 
 need not be, and this it has been the point of the whole argument to 
 prove. 
 
 Finally, in conclusion, we may observe that, if the I staters were 
 placed as early as ca. 513 B. C, in view of the undeniable break in the 
 continuity of style between these issues and those of Per. I, we should 
 be obliged to assume an extraordinarily early date for the latter coins, 
 which would not be at all consonant with the occurrence of moneyers' 
 letters of such well-formed style as are found on the coins (PI. I. 2-5) . 
 To resume this protracted discussion, the I staters do not represent 
 the "premier archaisme " of the Lampsakene issues, the evidence of 
 the hoard in which they were found, and the affinity of style between 
 them and the Chian Fifth -Century electrum stater tending conclusively 
 to establish their date as ca. 450 B.C. 
 
 Besides the staters of Periods I and II there is another class of 
 electrum staters bearing the same obverse type, to which we have al- 
 ready referred in this paper, as staters of Milesian weight, which had 
 been doubtfully attributed to Lampsakos. This uncertain class of coins 
 has usually been dated ca. 500 B. C, or earlier, and by Head and Wroth 
 they were placed before the coins of our Per. I. Six supposed these 
 Lampsakene staters to belong towards the end of the Fifth Century, 
 and Babelon is rather inclined to carry them well down into the Fifth 
 Century. The obverse type is not enclosed within a vine wreath as on 
 the regular series, and the incuse square departs from the regular form 
 
The Electeum Coinage of Lampsakos 25 
 
 characteristic of the Lampsakene staters, namely, with two squares 
 raised and two sunk. The coins may for convenience be designated 
 the palmette type, from the stylized ornament usually found above the 
 horse, •#. The reverse is an incuse square divided by two raised lines, 
 finer than on the coins of Per. I, into four equally, and rather deeply, 
 sunk compartments. The coins are of globular fabric, and of very pale, 
 almost silvery color. The following is a detailed description of the 
 varieties of the type, and a list of the known specimens. 
 
 Incuse square divided by two raised lines 
 into four square compartments, equally, 
 and rather deeply, sunk. 1 
 
 1. Forepart of a winged horse 1., round 
 wings, feathered, 1. raised, v. lowered ; 1. 
 wing in three sections, the one joining the 
 body granulated, the middle one shaped 
 like that on coins nos. 9-13 of Per. I., the 
 third section curving back convexly to- 
 wards the head of the horse ; r. wing in 
 two sections ; two dotted lines across the 
 neck parallel to 1. wing ; line at termina- 
 tion of body (?) ; horse is bridled. 
 
 EL. 19mm. 14.15 gr. Vienna. Plate II. 1. 
 
 Sestini, Stat. Ant. p. 02, no. 1. 
 
 2. Similar description and style ; above Similar, but larger incuse and heavier 
 the horse ty? cross-lines. 
 
 EL. 20mm. 13.86 gr. Munich. Plate II. 2. 
 
 Sestini, Stat. Ant. p. 62, no. 2, pi. VI. 1. Mionnet, Sup. V. no. 541. Brandis, Miinz-Mass-u 
 Gewichtswesen, p. 388. Head, Num. Chron. 1875, pi. VII. S. 
 
 3. Similar description, but somewhat | Similar, but smaller incuse and finer 
 broader style; at termination of horse's j cross-lines. 
 
 body, a row of four dots between two 
 raised lines ; above %? ! 
 
 EL. ca. 19mm. Plate II. 3a-3f. 
 
 a. 14.01 gr. Berlin. 
 
 b. 13.92 gr. Berlin. 
 
 Cat. de Molthein, no. 1883, pi. XIV (Paris," 1895). 
 
 c. 14.07 gr. Boston (Greenwell-Warren). 
 
 Six, Num. Chron. 1890, p. 216, no. 7. Regling, Samm. Warren, no. 1734, pi. XXXVII. 
 
 d. 13.98 gr. London (Whittall). 
 
 Cat. Whittall, no. 779 (S. W. & H., London, 1884). Head, Num. Chron. 1887, p. 287, 
 pi. X. 8. B. M. C. Mysia, p. 78, no. 1, p. XVIII. 3. B. M. C. Ionia, p. 7, no. 32, pi. I. 22. 
 
 e. 13.98 gr. Cambridge (McClean). 
 
 Cat. Benson, no. 651, pi. XXII. (S. W. & II., London, 1909). 
 
 1 Through breakage of the die, the squares which should be incuse are almost " filled up " 
 with the metal, but the cross-lines are easily distinguishable. 
 
21) The ELEfTRUM Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 f. 14.02 gr. Paris (Wadd.). 
 
 Babelon, Inv. Wadd., no. 854, and Traite II 1 , no. 329, pi. VIII. 5. 
 
 g. 13.85 gr. (formerly Imhoof-Blumer). Doubletten des kgl. Mtinzkab- 
 
 inets zu Berlin, no. 115, pi. I (Hess, Frankfurt a/M., 1907). 
 
 a-e and g. Same obverse and reverse dies. f. From similar, but not identical dies. 
 
 These palmette staters used to be assigned unquestionably to Lamp- 
 sakos. 1 Six, at one time, regarded them as the earliest issue, and thought 
 that the coins of our Per. I (the only specimens then known being the 
 coins, nos. 8 and 12, and the coin cited, p. 8, note 1) formed the 
 transition between the # and the I types. 2 Wroth and Head also 
 regarded the palmette type as the earliest issue. 3 Since these coins 
 weigh less than the staters of Per. I, it would, on this hypothesis, 
 be necessary to assume a change in the weight standard at the time 
 of the issue of the latter coins, that is to say, the stater of ca. 14.02 
 grams (217 grains) would have been increased to a stater of ca. 15.36 
 grams (237 grains) . But if we examine minutely the style of the coins 
 of PI. II. 1, 2 and 3a -3f, we shall see that while one might conceivably 
 place nos. 1 and 2 of this plate before the coins nos. 7-11 of PL I, it 
 will hardly be claimed by anyone that these two coins could antedate 
 such archaic, rudely executed coins as those of PL I. 1-6. And, again, 
 since the coins of this "uncertain " group must stand together, no one, 
 I presume, would care to maintain that the coins nos. 3a -3f of PL II 
 are earlier than the coins nos. 1-6 of PL I. 
 
 The coins in Per. I which this doubtful group most resemble are 
 those at the very end of the series, namely, nos. 10 and 11 of PL I, and 
 more particularly, no. 11. Chronologically then the palmette staters 
 would fit on very well to the end of Per. I. But such a proceeding as 
 a change of weight, fabric, composition of the metal, type, and style of 
 incuse for the short period of these issues, and a subsequent reversion 
 to the established types, weights, etc., of the I issue would be a very 
 strange thing. The palmette staters must therefore be an extraneous 
 issue due to some unusual circumstances, and they should be classed 
 apart from the regular issues of Periods I and II. Our modern numis- 
 matic authorities have therefore been very generally agreed in detach- 
 ing these coins from the regular series, but the real significance of the 
 coins has only lately become manifest. It has for some time been 
 recognized that these Lampsakene staters belonged to a whole group of 
 
 1 Sestini, Stat. Ant. p. 62. Braudis, op. (At. p. 388. 
 
 2 Six, Num. Chron. 1877, p. 171. 
 
 " Head, Num. Chron. 1887, p. 282. Wroth, B. M. C. Mysia, pp. 78, 79. 
 
The Eivectrum Coinage of Lampsakos 27 
 
 staters (PI. II. 1-11) of homogeneous fabric, composition of metal and 
 style, with similar reverse, but varying obverse types which were struck 
 on the Milesian standard. Head had suggested that these staters might 
 all have been struck at one mint, and that the obverses might really be 
 changing magistrate's symbols usurping the place of types as on the 
 Kyzikene electrum and Lampsakene gold coinages. 1 Six went further, 
 and proposed to assign them all to Chios because of the form of the in- 
 cuse which is of the local type developed at Chios, and because they 
 follow the Milesian standard of weight which was also employed at 
 Chios for electrum. 2 No special historical event was turned to account 
 to explain the issues, but the theory of a monetary alliance had been 
 put forward by Babelon. 3 Prom the obverse types, the mints repre- 
 sented by this alliance coinage are the following : Lampsakos (forepart 
 of a winged horse) , PI. II. l-3f, Abydos (eagle) , PI. II. 4, 4a, Dardanos 
 (cock), PI. II. 5, Chios (Sphinx), PI. II. 6, Kumai (?) (free horse), 
 PI. II. 7, Klazomenai (forepart of a winged boar) , PI. II. 8, Samos 
 (forepart of a bull), PI. II. 9, Methymna (?) (sow) PI. II. 10, and 
 Priene (?) (Athena head) , PI. II. 11. Quite recently considerable light 
 has been thrown upon this perplexing group of coins by the suggestion 
 made first by Gardner (Cold Coinage of Asia, 1908, and again in Coin- 
 age of the Ionian Revolt, Journ. Hell. Stud., 1911, pp. 151ff and 1913, 
 p. 105), and later, but quite independently by Jameson (Rev. Num., 
 1911, pp. 60ff , and also 1913, p. 403) , that in this set of coins was to be 
 recognized the coinage issued by the cities of Ionia (and their Helles- 
 pontine allies) which took part in the Ionian Revolt against Persia, ca. 
 500-494 B. C. The narrative of Herodotos dealing with the history of 
 this period has been amply commented upon in the three papers cited, 
 and it will be sufficient here to emphasize the fact that the cities repre - 
 sented by the coins which survive are all mentioned by Herodotos as 
 playing an active part in the uprising. 
 
 The theory that these staters are Revolt issues is an attractive 
 hypothesis by which to explain an otherwise puzzling group of coins. 
 It is of the utmost importance for our series, because, as we have seen, 
 the Lampsakene staters of this class resemble very closely the latest 
 issues of Per. I, and if the palmette staters can thus be definitely dated, 
 we should obtain an exact terminus post quern for the last issues of the 
 regular series of archaic staters of Lampsakos (PI. I. 1-11) . 
 
 1 B. M. C. Ionia, p. 7, 8, pp. XXIV, XXV, and Num. Chron. 1887, p. 281. 
 
 2 Num. Chron. 1890, p. 281. 
 8 Traits II 1 , p. 198. 
 
28 The Electrum Coinage op Lampsakos 
 
 Let us consider the style of these staters which have been so vari- 
 ously dated. The style of the "Revolt" stater of Klazomenai fits 
 admirably the proposed date, ca. 500 B. C, as one may judge from a 
 comparison of this coin with silver didrachms of Klazomenai of the 
 period ca. 545-494 B. C. (Babelon, Traite II 1 , pi. XII. 13, 14). The 
 style of the electrum stater is more advanced and more refined than on 
 certain of these didrachms which were probably struck before 500 B.C., 
 and appears to be at just the same stage of development as the didrachm 
 figured in B. M. C. Ionia, pi. VI. 1. Compare also the didrachms of 
 the Vourla (Klazomenai) find which \fas composed of didrachms of 
 this city, of several examples of the " Revolt" coinage, together with 
 a number of electrum hektai of Samos which are doubtless fractions 
 of the Samian "Revolt" stater (Rev. Num. 1911, pis. I and II). 
 One may also compare the forepart of a winged boar on an electrum 
 stater of Kyzikos dating ca. 550-475 (von Fritze, Kyzikos, Nomisma 
 VII, pi. II. 12) . The style of the free horse on the stater of Kumai ( ?) 
 is not too late for this period as one might at first glance be inclined 
 to think, for, if we regard the way in which the fore -legs of the 
 animal are raised, we shall see that the position is managed quite in 
 the archaic manner of the early silver coins of Klazomenai (Babelon, 
 Traite IT, pi. XII. 13, 14), and of those of Erythrai (ib. pi. XII, 10- 
 12) and of the Lampsakene stater (PL I. 1) which surely antedates 
 the Fifth Century. For a free horse of the Fifth-Century style, 
 compare the electrum stater of Kyzikos (op. tit., pi. V. 24), and fQr 
 one of the Fourth Century, compare another stater (op. tit. pi. VI. 
 30) , and note particularly the pose of rear- and fore -legs on all these 
 coins. The unique stater with the head of Athena helmeted, Priene 
 (?), with its curious "archaizing" treatment of the hair (Jameson, 
 Rev. Num. 1911, p. 68), and delicate, refined style may perhaps seem 
 too advanced for the date, ca. 500 B. C, but the wing of the hel- 
 met is of the early form found on the Sphinx of the silver coins of 
 Chios prior to 490 B.C. and common to other winged animal figures of 
 Lampsakos, Klazomenai, etc., of the archaic period. The finesse in 
 the execution of this head is quite in keeping with the careful style of 
 the whole group of staters. One might object that the forepart of a 
 bull with reverted head on the Samian stater is of too " affected " style 
 for the period in question, but it is easy to reply that this motive was a 
 common one in archaic Ionian electrum, and elsewhere at an early date. 
 
 The style of the Chian member of the group ought to prove deci- 
 sive for the problem of the date. Since Chios did not strike her "Re- 
 
The Eleotbum Coinage of Lampsakos 29 
 
 volt " coins as a special issue, but, being the leading spirit in the Ionian 
 Koinon, furnished from her already existing electrum coinage the model 
 for the fabric, weight and composition of the metal of these alliance 
 issues, the contemporary Chian coin must be that stater whose reverse 
 most nearly accords with the style of the other Revolt coins, and whose 
 obverse is in keeping with the general style of the group. Six selected, 
 as the Chian member of the group, the stater in the British Museum 
 (B. M. C. Ionia, pi. I. 19). Gardner in his first paper associated this 
 same stater with the Revolt issues (op. cit. pi. I. 8) , but in his second, 
 more comprehensive paper, he rejected this coin as of too early style, 
 and published as the contemporary piece, a stater in the St. Petersburg 
 collection (op. cit. pi. VII. 1) which, he noted, was of "somewhat un- 
 usual archaic style" (op. cit. p. 154, note 11)". This coin, I learn on 
 good authority, is considered to be of doubtful authenticity, and judg- 
 ing from a cast of the coin, I should say it was decidedly " suspect." 
 In the Vourla hoard there was found a coin of Chios (Rev. Num. 1911, 
 pi. I. 1) which, being discovered in company with other "Revolt" 
 staters, might perhaps be considered as the missing member. Jameson 
 however has pointed out that the style of this stater is appreciably ear- 
 lier (note especially the small, deep incuse of the reverse) than that of 
 the other Revolt staters, and he has identified as the contemporary piece 
 wanted, a stater in his own collection (Cat. Jameson, 1520a, pi. XCV= 
 PI. II. 6) which is a type known by four examples, the one cited, and 
 examples in Munich (Sestini, Stat. Ant. pi. IX. 7) , Boston (Samm. 
 Warren pl.XXXVII. 1736) and Copenhagen. The reverse is identical 
 with those of the group coinage, and the style of the Sphinx exactly 
 suited to the date ca. 500 B. C, note the attention paid to the bony 
 structure of the body, the elaborate refinement of detail, seen in the 
 adornment with earring, stephane and vine tendril, and the "tassel" 
 of the tail. Sphinxes of the same style are found on the silver di- 
 drachms of Chios which belong to the period 500-490 B. C. (B. M. C. 
 Ionia, pi. XXXII 1, Cat. Jameson, no. 1521, pi. LXXVI and Trouvaille 
 de Tarente, Rev. Num. 1912, pi. III. 7) . 
 
 There are extant some thirty specimens in all of the nine types of 
 the Revolt coins 1 (the coin of Priene is the only unique type) , and in 
 
 1 There is another electrum stater (B. M. C. Ionia, pi. II. 3, Traite - II 1 , pi. V. 17) whose 
 fabric, type of incuse and style of obverse type, a Centaur carrying off a Maenad, recall the " Re- 
 volt " class. The weight however which is Phokaic (16.32 gr.), and the darker color of the gold 
 (its gold contents are about 64 per cent., B. M. C. Ionia, p. xxvi), as well as the type, which sug- 
 gests Thasos or Thrakia, are against the association of the coin with the Eevolt issues. It has 
 been suggested that the coin may have been struck at Myrkinos in Thrakia by Histiaios, tyrant of 
 
30 The Elettkum Coinage op Lampsakos 
 
 some cases differences of die are found, but only in the cases of Abydos 
 and Lampsakos do the variations in the dies appear to indicate any 
 great interval between the issues. In the former case, the earlier type 
 (PI. II. 4) is an eagle on a dotted ground-line, in front of which is a 
 dolphin, downwards. The reverse has a much smaller incuse than is 
 usual on the Alliance issues, the cross -lines being barely discernible, 
 and the fabric is decidely globular. The second type (PI. II. 4a) which 
 the larger incuse and the style of the obverse prove to be later, is an 
 eagle standing on a hare, enclosed in a circle of dots (cf . B. M. C. Ionia, 
 PL I. 23) . A third variety of slightly mtfre advanced style, has an eagle 
 standing on a dotted ground-line (Samm. Warren, pi. XXXVII. 1737) . 
 This latter coin seems later than the other two (note the pose of the 
 legs, twist of the neck and more conventionalized wing) although, ar- 
 tistically, it is inferior to the fine type of the eagle on the hare (see the 
 Brit. Mus. example) . The question that now arises is, do these differ- 
 ences of style, indicative of a certain lapse of time, offer any difficulty 
 to the theory that the coins are all " Revolt" issues, i. e., struck between 
 the period ca. 500-494 B. C? I should think, probably not. The re- 
 verses of the second and third types of Abydos are entirely similar to 
 those of the group coinage, and as for the reverse of the first type, we 
 have only to turn to the Vourla find which was made up of coins closely 
 contemporaneous one with another, to find a Chian stater of similar 
 fabric and small, deep incuse associated with "Revolt" staters (Rev. 
 Num., 1911, pi. I. 1.). The same thing holds good for the Lampsa- 
 kene varieties. The first type (PI. II. 1) , without the palmette, has an 
 earlier style of obverse than the third type (PI. II. 3a-3f) , and its re- 
 verse is smaller than on both the second and third dies. But the inter- 
 mediate die (PL II. 2) shows in what close succession the three dies 
 must have been made for its obverse is closely allied to the earliest 
 type, and its reverse, while from a different die, is a large incuse like 
 that of the third die. 
 
 If it should nevertheless seem improbable to any one that Lamp- 
 sakos and Abydos which were only drawn into the Revolt by the Ionians 
 after it had started (ca. 500-498 B. C), and were reduced by Daurises 
 before the battle of Lade, 494 B. C, should have struck coins which 
 show such a distinct progress in style, during the short period of per- 
 
 Miletos, just before the Ionian Revolt (cf. Grote's History of Greece, chap. iv). Mr. E. S. G. Rob- 
 inson of the British Museum kindly showed me an unpublished note which he had written on this 
 stater, whose style he has very carefully analyzed, proposing the above attribution. Compare also, 
 Svoronos, Jour. Inter, de Num., 1913, pp. 270-'2SQ. 
 
The Electrum Coinage of Lampsakos 31 
 
 haps four years at the most, we might find a way to evade this difficulty. 
 We might assume, namely, that the coinage continued, for a while, even 
 after Lade. After the Revolt was quelled by this decisive battle, things 
 were not so bad for the conquered cities (Gardner, Jour. Hell. Stud. 
 1901, pp. 152, 158-9), but of course it does seem extremely doubtful if 
 the coins continued to be struck when there was no longer any imme- 
 diate need for them. On the one hand, if the tyrants were banished 
 from all these cities, 1 there would have been no lieutenant of the Persian 
 King to look with disfavor upon the continuance of the issue, but on the 
 other hand it seems difficult to find a plausible motive for the continu - 
 ance of the Revolt coinage. The group coinage, as we have it, has 
 every appearance of being a short-lived issue. The differences in style 
 which have been noted, while worthy of comment, do not seem to raise 
 any very acute difficulties. If then these staters can be thus dated 
 within such narrow limits, we may use them as an invaluable term of 
 comparison in the study of the chronology of other anepigraphic coins. 
 Whether the " Revolt " issues were all struck at Chios, or each in its 
 respective mint, is a question of some interest. On no example have I 
 remarked an identity of reverse die with a Chian reverse which would 
 prove the former to have been the case. As regards Lampsakos, we 
 have demonstrated above that a divisional coinage in silver was issued, 2 
 and this was probably a local issue struck to meet the requirements of 
 small transactions. The staters too were therefore probably struck in 
 the various mints of the Koinon rather than at Chios, as seems also to 
 be indicated by the absence of a common mint -mark. Also, the analo- 
 gous details in the treatment of the horse of the palmette staters and 
 
 1 Herodotos does not give us any precise information as to the reorganization of Ionian 
 affairs after the Eevolt. Mardonios, before setting out for the conquest of Greece, deposed the 
 despots throughout the various Greek cities of Ionia (Ilerod. VI. 43), and he may have followed 
 the same course among the cities of the Hellespont. 
 
 2 Gardner's identifications of other fractions of Revolt staters are very weak (J. II. S. 1901, 
 p. 157-8). Of Erythrai and Miletos we lack the Revolt staters. Klazomenai had already begun 
 her silver coinage in the Sixth Century, struck on the Milesian standard as was commonly the case 
 in southern Ionia. Some of the silver coins of the latter city must be issues which in a general 
 way are contemporaneous with the electrum Revolt staters, but it would require a careful study of 
 the whole archaic, silver series to distinguish with nicety which are the coins belonging exclusively 
 to the Revolt period. Chios, while maintaining the Milesian standard for her electrum, never 
 used it for her silver coinage which was struck on a local, so-called "Chian" standard, heavier 
 than the Milesian. Furthermore, the tetrobols quoted in support of the theory, are Transitional 
 not Archaic coins, as shown above. As to electrum subdivisions of the Revolt staters, none which 
 have been put forward seem to me to belong to the period (the supposed Chian twelfth was excluded 
 in note 2 to p. 1), except the hektai of Samos found at Vourla (Klazomenai) (Rev. Num. 1911, pi. 
 I. 6-26). 
 
32 The Electrum: Coinage or Lampsakos 
 
 the latest coins of the regular issue of Per. I point to the same con- 
 clusion. 
 
 The Lampsakene staters of Per. I, consequently must all be earlier 
 than the date ca. 500-494 B. C. to which the palmette staters have been 
 given, for the latest stater of the former group just precedes in date the 
 latter coins, note particularly the details of the types, the bridle, mane, 
 the right wing in two sections and the row of dots between two lines at 
 the termination of the horse's body. The magistrate's letters and mon- 
 ograms which occur on these coins, 0, ffi (AE), £? and p are very well- 
 formed letters indeed, and it might be objected that they are not archaic 
 enough in formation to belong to the Sixth Century. The type of the 
 earliest coin in the series is nevertheless rude and archaic, and the coins 
 bearing the letters which follow this stater are executed in the same 
 heavy, coarse style. In the Thrako-Makedonian region, at Aegai 
 (Traite IP, pi. XLIX. 2, Cat. Jameson, pi. XCVII. 1836) and in Bisal- 
 tia (Traite IP, pi. XL VII. 4) , the monogram & is found in well -formed 
 letters (on the former coins, in the field above the kneeling goat, and, 
 on the latter, on a part of the type, viz. on the the haunch of the horse) 
 on coins which are dated between the years 500 and 480 B.C. In gen- 
 eral, however, magistrate's initials and monograms are rarely found 
 much earlier than 480 B. C. 
 
 The reason why the regular electrum issues of Lampsakos came to 
 an end ca. 500 B.C. (only to be revived in the later issue of I staters) 
 is doubtless to be found in the circumstances of the Revolt against 
 Persia. During these disturbances, we may suppose Lampsakos to 
 have turned aside for the moment in order to strike the special issues 
 in concert with the Ionian Koinon . After her punishment by Persia for 
 her part in the insurrection, and her subsequent recovery, a cessation of 
 coinage in the precious metal would have been likely. The archaic elec- 
 trum coinage of Chios came to an end at the same time. Those who 
 believe in the theory that the Persian King exercised a monopoly of the 
 coinage of gold (and electrum 1 ) and regard the issue of the "Revolt" 
 staters as, in itself, an act of rebellion of the Greek states against royal 
 authority, may try to find in this cessation a proof of their theory. We 
 must call attention again however to the fact that Gardner, who has 
 most recently championed this theory, ignored entirely the existence of 
 any electrum coinage of Lampsakos prior to the I issues of ca. 450 B.C., 
 and also that his date for the beginning of the Kyzikene electrum series 
 as after the Ionic Revolt was absolutely wrong. The hypothesis that 
 
 1 Gardner, Gold Coinage of Asia. 
 
The Elbctkum Coinage of Lampsakos 33 
 
 the Persian monarchs guarded jealously as a sovereign prerogative only 
 to be delegated by special authority, the right to strike gold coins was 
 first promulgated by Lenormant (La monnaie dans l'antiquite, II. p. 3) , 
 and since then has been rather commonly accepted (Hill, Greek and 
 Roman Coins, p. 84) . It is however built upon insufficient foundation. 
 The electrum issues of Lampsakos, and of Chios and Kyzikos, during 
 the period of Persian suzerainty in the Sixth Century, ca. 546-498 B.C., 
 and the gold coinage of Lampsakos after the Peace of Antalkidas in 387 
 B. C, are in direct contradiction with this pretended right of the Persian 
 Kings, and cannot be explained away on the theory of exceptions. The 
 gold staters of Lampsakos (ca. 390-330 B. C.) which are of the same 
 weight as the Persian daric, ca. 8.42 gr. (and not of "Attic" weight, 
 ca. 8.60 gr., as sometimes stated), constitute an insurmountable argu- 
 ment against the monopoly theory, for how would the Persian King 
 have permitted a State which had but lately ,been given over to his 
 absolute authority to continue the issue of a coin which would be a 
 serious rival to the daric f 1 The Lydian and Persian rulers of the 
 Greek cities of Asia Minor never interfered in the slightest degree with 
 the absolute liberty in matters of coinage, choice of metal, types or 
 legends, of the autonomous cities or tributary dynasts under their con- 
 trol (Babelon, Traite II 2 , Introd. Gen.) . 
 
 The occasion of the second issue of electrum staters at Lampsakos, 
 the I staters, is not easy to determine. These coins like the contempo- 
 rary stater with the vine wreath of Chios, look like a special issue such 
 as might be occasioned by a sudden outbreak of hostilities, and if their 
 style permitted, we should have suggested that the revolt of Chios and 
 Lampsakos against the Athenian Hegemony, ca. 412 B. C, furnished a 
 plausible explanation of the issues. The style however not permitting 
 such a late date, we may surmise that the I staters were specially struck 
 to supply the need for a coin which would be convenient at the time 
 when Lampsakos ceased to contribute her tax to the Athenian Confed- 
 eracy, in ships and men, and substituted money payments. 2 If Chios 
 -and Lampsakos combined together (and the coincidence of the same 
 weight standard at both cities would favor this supposition) to enjoy 
 some of the commercial benefits obtained by Kyzikos through her coin- 
 
 1 Babelon, Perses Achem. p. LXXIII., " L'or des Grecs, sur le terrain commercial et econo- 
 mique, vient declarer la guerre a l'or des Perses ; la lampsacene est cre'e'e pour lutter contre le 
 darique." 
 
 ' Lampsakos paid 12 Talents annually, and her quota of tribute is preserved in the Phoros- 
 lists beginning with the year 451 B. C. The I staters may have been struck as early as 460 B. C, 
 when we may assume that the payments began to be commuted in specie. 
 
34 The Electrum Coinage of Lampsakos 
 
 age, 1 they must soon have found it futile to attempt to rival the Kyzikene 
 mint in its pre-eminence as a mint issuing a world currency under the 
 special patronage of Athens (see Babelon, Traite II 2 , p. 25, "Cyzique 
 surtout devient, en quelque sorte, la seconde ville monetaire de l'empire 
 athenien "). 
 
 AGNES BALDWIN. 
 New York, 1914. 
 
 ADDENDA 
 
 M. Svoronos in his most interesting and revolutionary paper, Numismatique de 
 la Peonie, etc., J. I. N. 1913, p. 276, remarks en passant that eight of the ten known 
 specimens of the electrum hemi-hektai of the owl type (cf. p. 1, note 1, of the present 
 paper) have come from Athens and'Euboia, and the argument based on provenance as 
 to the origin of these coins is thus materially strengthened. If these coins do belong 
 to Athens, their weight system presents a problem. Svoronos, quite naturally, casts a 
 doubt upon Babelon's claim that the coins are of Phokaic weight, and yet the sugges- 
 tion that they are hektai of a Euboic stater of 8.73 gr. (Hill, Historical Greek Coins) 
 must be rejected. Since the important discovery of electrum coins in 1894 on the 
 island of Samos, where the Euboic system for electrum finds its chief application, the 
 supposed stater of Samos (B. M. C, Ionia, pi. III. 20) has become known as a hemi- 
 stater ; the staters in the find, characterized by two oblong incuses, weighing 17.46 gr., 
 and thus corresponding, as they should, to the weight of the tetradrachms of Chalkis, 
 the chief mint of Euboia, where the Euboic system was employed for silver. But, 
 even as hemi-hektai of the Euboic system, as it is now known, the owl coins, of which 
 the heaviest specimen recorded reaches 1.36 gr., fall short of the norm, i. e. 1.45 to 
 1.40 gr. 
 
 In the same article, pp. 276-280, Svoronos makes the suggestion that two of the 
 electrum staters which in this paper are assumed to represent the coinage of the Ionian 
 Revolt, to wit, the staters bearing as types the sow and the free horse, nos. 7 and 10 
 of PI. II, may belong to Paionia. But, seeing that staters of this class have been 
 found in Asia Minor in the hoard unearthed at Vourla (Klazomenai), and that speci- 
 mens of these very types occurred in the find, this conjecture is rather improbable. 
 
 1 The reverse of the Chian stater in Berlin, p. 15 fig. 4, is of that type of incuse known as 
 mill-sail, peculiar to the Kyzikene electrum coinage. The adoption of a foreign form of incuse by 
 Chios is certainly an anomaly. Chios may have considered it worth while for commercial reasons 
 to plagiarize a reverse so well-known without intending her own staters to be fraudulently accepted 
 as equivalent to the Kyzikene, which of course they were not. 
 
Plate I 
 
 ^ *? *^\ 
 
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 ** 
 
 -*»*£ 
 
 ELECTRUM COINAGE OF LAMPSAKOS 
 
Plate II 
 
 LAMPSAKENE AND ALLIED COINAGES 
 
THE 
 
 ELECTRUM COINAGE OF LAMP8AKOS 
 
 BY 
 
 AGNES BALDWIN 
 
 /PEREAKTV"^ __- 
 
 lisk 
 
 Wv /it/A 
 
 %t7^ 
 
 \THE <^-\rf 
 \ AMERICAN ^f 5 
 \ NWMSnATIC ■£ 
 
 \society m 
 
 
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 ~~>r 
 
 THE AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY 
 
 BROADWAY AT 16CTU STREET 
 
 NEW YORK 
 
 1914