^% #■■ w h^iJ^-^ {0hvt ^mv^ MMutm 1303 ^.Z\^%'}S \^\^]\0 3 1924 030 898 245 olin Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030898245 /m. d, ^' ^L-^^h-^ For With the compliments of THE OFFICE OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE, Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department. COALING, DOCKING, REPAIRING FACILITIES PORTS OF THE WORLD, ANALYSES OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF 'COAL. OFPJOE OF UAVAL INTELLiaENOE, * NAVT DEPARTMENT, 1888. WASHINGTON: , GtOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 11369 C D 'T- 1 [circular.] Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department, Washington, April 2, 1888. Commanding officers of United States ships of war will, upon visiting foreign and home ports, embrace every opportunity to report without delay all errors and omissions which may occur in this publication, to- gether with the corrections therefor, to the Chief of Bureau of Naviga- tion, Navy Department. All other persons who may use or be interested in this publication are requested to forward, to the above address, similar information. J. G. Walker, Chief of Bureau. PREFACE.. In the collection of the information herein contained, the form used in the Eeport on the Comparative Merits of Anthracite and Bituminous Coal for Naval Use (compiled in the Offlte of l^Taval Intelligence), has been adopted in Part I. Such corrections and additions have been made in the data of that report as have been noted from time to time in reports from cruising vessels and other oflcial sources, and in naval, scientific, and commercial publications. Part II contains analyses of different kinds of coal, in addition to the discussion of the relative merits of anthracite and bituminous coal, and memoranda on coal in Alaska, taken from the report above mentioned. Part III is devoted to tests of coal. In tabulating these tests, where it was possible to obtain the data, the grate and heating surfaces of the boiler used are given, as well as the coal burned per square foot of grate, in order that an intelligible comparison may be made of the various tests of the same coal, and of those of the different kinds of coal. Part IV contains a synoptical index of the coal, docks (or marine railways), and machine-shops, to be found in the several ports (alpha- betically arranged), with the page of referehce to Part I. The expla- nation of the symbols used will be found at the head of the index. The information contained in this publication has been compiled and arranged by Assistant Engineer E. S. Griffin, U. S. Navy. Attention is called to the circular of the Chief of Bureau of Naviga- tion, on preceding page. E. P. EODGEKS, Lieutenant U. S. N'avy, Chief Intelligence Officer. Office of Naval Intelligence, Bureau of Navigation, Navy Department, • Ajiril, 1888. Approved : J. G. Walkek, Chief of Bureau. ^■■^^««'^5- CONTENTS. Page. I. Exhibit of coal to be had at the ports of the North Atlantic, South At- lantie, Pacific, Asiatic, and European stations 7-113 11. Discussion of the merits of anthracite and bituminous coal, and analyses of different kinds of coal 115-133 III. Tests of coal 135-141 IV. Index 143-160 I. EXHIBIT OF COAL TO BE HAD AT THE PORTS OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC, SOUTH ATLANTIC, PACIFIC, ASIATIC, AND EUROPEAN STATIONS. 8 ANTHEACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to be had at the following Lake Jfanieof port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. \ Average Tons of \ tons each at on hand date. during 1 year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Colling wood, Ontario. Owen Soimd, Ontario. Port Sarnia, On- tario. Windsor, Onta- rio. Eetroit,Uicli.. AiDheratbnrg, Ontario. _ Aug., 1883. Bitnminous... Steamboat — Anthracite ... Bitnminous... 500 1,000 500 500 400 to 800 700 ], 000 to 1,500 $4.75; Btowing, 20c. per ton. $4.60 $0. 00 to $7. 00 3.00 Stowing, 2oc. per ton. Sapid; no interrnption.. do ■Wheeled on hoard; slow. 1887. Sept., 188t. Sept., 1884. Sept., 1884. Sept., 1884. Sept., 1883. (Stove) (Blacksmith) . Bitn.,Pa Anthracite . . Bitu., Ohio.... Bitu., Pa CO 50 $6.50deUvered $2. 75 5.25 2.75 3.00 ( 2.50 < 2.50 ( 3.25 6.75 2.75 $5. 00 to 7. 00 Buffalo, N.T... 10-30 ^Q Cleveland, OMo ....do do Chicago, 111.... niinoia...) 3 Indiana... >.-s Pa Sb ....do ....do Alongside wharf, by wheelbarrows. Mod- erately fast. Ice in winter will interrupt navigation. Good facilities Erie, Pa St. Catherines, Bituminons... Pennsylvania. Anthracite ... Bituminons... ....do.... Consid. Ontario. erable. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. 9 pwta, together with the usual suppli/ on hand, cost, etc. Government coaling stations in vicinity. None . None . None . Dista.nce from coal i>ile to ship. 10 to 15 feet.. 10 feet . 30 feet . None . None . None . None . None . None . Coal min- ing in vicinity. None . Not to any extent. None . Next near- est coal- ing port. Owen S'nd, SaultSte. Marie. Colling- wood. Amherst- None . burg, Wind- sor. Numher and size of dry- docks." One dry-dock, 325 by 60 byU. One dry-dock, 300 by 60. None trans- ported. 10 to 15 yards. Coal on docks on bank of canal. None . None . None . None . None . None. Coal comes from Erie. Port Dover Erie . Erie . Milwaukee Cleveland. Port Dal- housie on "Welland Canal.t FouTi 360 by 65 by 11 ; 300 by 57J by 13; 235 by 51 by 9 ! 220 by 42 hv 10. None . Four 347 by 62 J^ by 30. 280 by 44 by 15. 317 by 50 by 14. 280 by 40 by 11. One; 300 by 70 by 16.... Four 286 by 50 by 12. 245 by 39 by 10. 305 by 50 by 14. 265 by 40 by 10. None . One dry.dock, 160 by 26. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. For all kinds of re- pairs. Two good shops. Two. All kinds of repairs. None. Excellent ; 41 fonnd- ries and machine shops. Excellent; 53 found- ries and machine shops. Excellent ; numer- ous and extensive; 133 foundries and machine shops. For ordinary repairs. For small work. * Gbneralnote.— In this column the first figures representlength; second, breadth ; third, depth on sill. 1 Coaiing stations and dry-docks on new canal at Dalhousie, and at Port Colbonrne. 10 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to le had at thefolloxoing Lakeporls, f Kameofport. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. Cost ptr ton. Manner of conling, rapid or slo^, etc. tario. Hamilton, On- tario. tario. Cobnrg and Port Hope -A-ng-, 1883. Sept., 1883. Anthracite .-. Bituminous - - - Anthracite - . Bituminous (hoth from United States). 13, 000 10, 000 7,000 3,000 2,800 $6 25 6 00 Free on board. $G 50 4 60 Delivered. By carts; rapid; some- times interrupted by ice in -winter. By barrows from sheds - on docks; harbor closed in winter. Ontario. Belleville, On- tario.* 6,000 * At exceedingly high water vessels of li feet can enter harbor. Exhihit of coal to ie had at thefoUoicing St. Lawrence Bivcr Oct., 1883. Mar., 1888. - Kingston, Ontario. Montreal, Que- bec. '*- Sorel, Quebec. Anthracite . . . Bituminous... English l Scotch ! Welsh f Nova Scotia. J Amer. anth., bituminous. 500 400 13, 000 1"., 000 10,000 to 50, 000 Mostly Amer. anth. $G 00 5 .10 Stowing, 25c. per ton. Soft $3.20 to $4.25, hard $6; delivery and stowing, 75c. By wheelbarrows; rather slow; neverinterrupted. Depends on size of ves- sels; facilities excel- lent; no interruption during the season of navigation. • Aug., 1883. None --. ^ Quebec. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 11 together with the usual supply on hand, cost, eio.— Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance f^m coal pile to sliip. Coal miu- ingin vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Xumher and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at ■which steamers can repair. H'one None 300 feet for dranghtof 11 feet; i mile for greater draught. 50 to 100 feet for draught of 10 to 12 feet. Kottoany extent. liTone Newcastle Deserolito, Trenton. None None. At Deseronto, 16 miles distant, dock and yard for small vessels, 150 to 200 tons register. One at Port Hope, and one at Oo- burg. Two good works. ports, together loith the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. None 40 feet Short None None Gananoqne Quebec (for large quanti- ties). None Tudifibrent facilities. None Two marine railwEiys at Kingston for 400 tons. Kingston has good facilities. (Those which cannotcome to city coal from piles at lowerdocks.) The largest and only one really available' foi; seagoing vessels is 300 by 45 by 10. dry-docks ; and numerous smaller ones along river front. • ^one None Quebec ... Montreal. None None. 12 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to be had at the folloxoing St. Lawrence Miter Name of port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand dnring year. Cost per ton. 1 Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Qaehec, Que- bec. GaspS Sasin, Qaehec. StHTaclnthe,* Qnebec. Sept., 1883. Jnly, 1884. Sept., 1883. Sydney Plcton English ■Welsh Scotch "Welsh.... 55 American. J ^ Picton (hitu- minons). 2,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 20,000 > 1,000 5 18,000 Small... 50,000 SmaU... $3.25 3.50 3.75 4.75 3.75 4.90 6.00 Stowing, 50c. per ton. By lighters, 400 to 500 daily; Uahle to inter- ruption for short time late in fall. ■ * No coal for sale at Charlottettfwn, Georgetown, Sammeiside, or Sooris, bat can be had in case of emergency. Exhibit of coal to be had at thefoUomng North Atlantic Newcastle (Miramicbi Kiver), New Brunswick. Tat Cove, New- foundland. St. John's,New- foundland. Harbor Grace,^ 1884. Bituminous... ■Welsh Nova Sc4>tia . . Cardiff. Anthracite (American). 1,100 200 9,000) 2, OOO > 500) 1,000 200 12, 000 $t to $5. De- livery and stowing, 40g. per ton. $6.25 from mining com- pany. ($4.50 to $3.... < $7 to $7.50.... ($7.50 to $8.50. Delivered. By lighters from sheds ; slow ; not liable to in- terruption. Less than 18 feet, along- side wharf; otherwise by boats. By lighters or from loaded vessels along- side ; seldom inter- rupted i ice in Febru- ary and March. Newfound- land. AmherA, Hag- Gulf of St. Lawrence. St. Pierre, July, 1884 Aug., 1883. Bitaminoas... Anthracite - X Sydney J Pictou Sydney SmaU... 500 2, 000 X 500 5 500 500 C$8 By lighters in summer ; no supply on hand in winter. Hauled in cars to wharf, then on board in tubs or baskets ; slow; har- bor frozen up from No- vember till April. Kiquelon J$5 Islands. Sammerside, f$3 Prince Ed- )$3.50 ward Island. Stowing,$l per ton. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. V3 ports, together with the umal supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to fillip. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coaling port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. ITone i to i mile to anchorage in streiam; at wharf, a few feet. None Pioton, J) va Scotia. One stone dry-dock 500 by 62; Tfloatingdocks 110 to 240 &et in length, capable of taking vessels 25 per ct. longer. Several in city; very large works at Point Levi, oppo- site Quebec. None Picton, Nova Scotia. Station ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. None Less i mile None Extensive. Coal depos- Its not mined. Picton, Nova Scotia. None 100 feet Harbor Grace. St. John's. One sectional, capacity 500 tons; 1 dry-dock, 610 by m by 25. Two working, in a small way. Large works building, with dry-dock. None From wharf to roads, 1 mile. J to i mile None None on island. Cape Bre- ton. Picton, Nova Scotia. None ........... . J^one. None on isl- ITono and. 14 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to le had at the following North Atlantic Station ^ame of port. Date. Charlottetown, Prince Ed- ■\vard Island. George t o "w n , Prince E d - ■ward Island. Port Hood, Nova Scotia. Lingan, Kova Scotia. M^orth Sydney, Nova Scotia. Sydney, Nova Scotia. Coiv Bay, No- va Scotia. lonisburg. Nova Scotia. Jnly, 1884. Kind of coal on band. Pictou Cape Breton. Antliracite . . 1833. None . Aug., 1883. None . ^ Sydney . Tons of eacL at date. Limited July, do . 18S4. June, 1883. Port Joggins, Aug., Joggina Nova Scotia. 1884. Parrsborongh, Nova Scotia. Z'armontb, Nova Scotia. Bituminous . .do. Aug., 1884. Aug., 1884. Parrsborougb. Soft antbracite Unlim- ited. As re- quired. 1,000, 700 tons sbipped daily. Unlim- ited. 2,800 None kept on band. 4,000 small for domestic use. Average tons on band during yeai'. Small. Cost per ton. Mauner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Frozen up in winter. . Average sbipment 100,000 tons. 10,000 in winter. Unlim- ited. 3,200 750 tons per day from mine. $2.25 Pree on board. Stowing, 6 to 10 cents per ton. $2.00 Free on board. $1.75 Freeon beard. At wbarf. Stowing, 15 cents per ton. $2.45 Stowed. 12.50 $3.25 Delivered at ■wbarf. $4.50 From loading pier, 1,000 tons per day. Inter- rupted from February to May. Coaling piers, obutes, aud drops, 600,tons per day. No interruption, except by ice, from January to May. From wbarf 400 tone per day. From May to January. Bycbutes. Rapid. Ves- sels can lie alongside in any weather. 150 tons per day . No in- terruption. By lighters at "West Bay. Liable to interruption in January, February, and March by ioe. At wharf. Safe from storms. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE, 15 j^orts, together with the usual ■sUjcrply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in ■vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine.shope at which steamers can repair. Pictou.... Pictou ft If one Piotou, 40 miles. None None "Very sliprt 10 miles by rail to the _^ mines. Mines 1 mile distant and 1 mine 100 yards from wharf. Mines are 21 miles dis- tant by rail. 4 to 1 mile.... 3 miles from railroad wharf to deep water at West Bay. 10 to 100 yards. By General MiningAs- sociation oJ London 120,000 tons output. 2 collieries 130,000 tons shipped annually. Keserve colliery. Joggins mines,"150 to 200 tons daily. 27 miles dis- tance by railroad. 750 tons per day; to be increased to 1,000. None Sydney proper, 5 miles. North Syd- ney. Sydney. Loulsburg. Sydney in summer, Halifax in winter. Dorches-" ter, New Brunswick. Piotou .... Halifax. St. John. None. Marine railway 1,000 tons register capacity. None At Sydney mines; small one in town. None. None None None - , No regular facili ties Yea. None None .,. None None Nearly any kind of repairs done well. • 16 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhilit of coal 1o be had at the'foUowing Korth Atlantic Station "Same of port. Date. Aricliat, Ma- dame Island, Nora Scotia. Cape Canso, Nova t^cotia, PortMnlgrave, Nova Scotia. Port Hawkea- bury, Nova Scotia. Pioton, NoVa Scotia.* ■Windsor, Nova Scotia. Cornwallia, Nova Scotia. Annapolis, Nova Scotia. Digby, Nova Scotia. Barring ton, Nova Scotia. Stielbarne, Nova Scotia. Nov., 1883. Nov. 1883. Nov., 1883. Nov., 1683. Kind of coal on band. Tons of eacb at date. None . Picton . Bitnminons - ■ None . Nov., Bitamlnons. 1883. I Au^., Bituminons- ISSi. Anthracite . None . - Small... Small. Average tons on band daring year. None . Small . . . Cost per ton. $3 to $4 Small. Unlim- ited. 300 200 100,000 to 150,000 output each col- liery. Aug., 1884. Aug., 1884. Antbracito . Bituminous. 160 200 None . None . Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. $2.50 best screened, on ■wbai-f. $4.00 6.50 By cbntes from elevated i-ailwaya ; rapid. Safe harbor for vessels up to 23 feet draught. Closed daring winter months by ice. 14 feet draught, at wharf , by tubs. By lighters 8 miles below, at all times. 100 $3.75 to $4.50, delivery and stowing, 60 cents per ton. 300 $4.50 Lighters and carts ; 100 tons per day. Moat liable to possible inter- ruption in January. 20 feet draught at pier, from one-half tide to high water. 'Vodl supplied from Pictou coUeries at Bicbmond Station, ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NATAL USE. 17 ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc.— Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- iuf? in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine-shops at ^vhich steamers can repaii'. ITone. None . At ■wharves, connected by railroad with collieries ; 23 feet at wharf. 50 feet. Ves- sels wonld groand at low water. Small seam a few miles south. 5 collieries with all improv- ed facil- ities. Nearest at Parrs- ■ borough, PortJog- gin3,Pic- tou. Louisburg Iiouisburg: Halifax. Piotou Pictou Sydney . . None . None . None . Marine railway, tons. 1,000 None ; 2 marine rail- ways; capacity 1,000 and 1,200 tons register. Parrsbor- ongh. None . Iron foundiy and machine-shops. A steam forge, engine and boiler works, 7 miles distant, connected by in- tercolonial rail- road and by wa- ter. One at 'Windsor, one at Hantsport, 7 miles below. None . ^ mile to steam- er lying in stream ; 300 to 400 yards at wharf. None . None . J mile. None . St. John, 60 miles on oppo- site aide of Bay of Fun- dy. Joggins--, None . None . res. None at present. Halifax Harbor, at all times of year, for i 11369 D 3 I cents per ton extra, 18 ANTHRACITE AXD BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to he had at the folJoietHg Soith Atlantic Station ISame of port. LiTorpool, Nova bootift. HiUifiix, Nova Scotia. St. John, Xew Brunswick. * St. Stephen, K"ew Bruus- "wiok. Fortlnnd, He . . Date. Aug., 1887. Sept. ins. iSisa. Sept., 18S4. Portsmontb, N". SejU., H. , lSti4. Boston, Mass .. Kewport,E.I.. Kow London, Conn. Sept., 188t. Sept. ItiSl. Sept., 1884. Kind of coal on hand. Nova Scotia . Amezloan au- thraoite. Patent fuel . . Bituminous. Anthracite . Anthracite ... Anthracite, Pa L'limberlaud, Md. Clc,ivfleld,Pa. Iviiuawha, \V. Vi\. Xovrt Scotia, Anthracite .. Cumberhuid . Clearfield Kauavrha Nova Scotia . Anthracite . . Cumberland . Cleariield.... Kanawha Nova Scotia . Anthracite .. Cumberland . Clearfield Kana^vlia .... Anthracite .. Cnraberhtnd . CloKillcia.... Tons of each at date. 10,000 1,500 Average tons on band during year. 4,000 3,000 Cost per ton. 6,100 2,700 5, 010 2, 271 800 Aiupleat all times, --.do ...do ...do ...do., -do.- .do... do... ..do... .do... do., .do.. .do., .do., .do.. .do., .do., .do., .do.. .do. .do. -do. $4. 00 to $6. 00 5. 00 to T.OO $5.50 6.00 Stowing,$lper ton. $6, delivered . Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, eto. $4. 7.> 3.75 3.75 3.75 3.75 4.60 S.83 4.40 8.00 3.50 3.50 4.25 U. SO 3. so By lighters; slow; no InterraptioD. By lighters; slow; no interrnption. By lighters ; slow ; ice ui winter. At private coal dock or at navy-yard ; by wheelbanows. From schooners along- side. • Xho porta of St. George, St. Andrews, Ifredeiictou au(l ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOB NAVAL USE. 19 ports, together loilh the usual supply on hand, cost, e(o.^Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of tlry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. British, 5,000 tons Nova Scotia; al- so limited amount of ■Welsh. None . None . None . U.S.; 656 tons anthracite. tJ.S.; 733 tons anthracite. TJ. S. ; about 50 tons an- thracite. i mile from sheds to an- ch r a g e ; coal also on ■wharves for i m m ediate delivery. J mile. Extensive at Pictou & Spring Hill ; con- nection by rail None . Pictou . Small steam- ers come to wharf; large, coal i miles down the river. li miles None . None J con- nected by railroad s with coal mines through - out U.S. 2 miles to lower None, anchor a g e , off New Cas- tle. Very short; alongside of coal dock. Scho oners, alongside. Eastport, Maine. Calais, Maine ; St. John, N. B. St. John New Bruns- wick; Ports- month, N . H. Portland ; Boston. None Ports- mouth ; Newport. None . None . Provi- dence ; New London. New York None. 1 marine rail- way— 3,000tons. Work commenced on granite dock May, 1886 ; to be finished in 4 years; will take H. M. S. In- Coffer-dam. None . None for large vessels . Two; 425 by 47 by 20-23, wood; 175 by 40 by 16, wood. At Kittery navy-yard. 1 wooden sectional/ dock ; take vessel 350 by 90 by 23. At Charlestown navy- yard, 1 stone dry-dock ; take vessel 355 by 60 by 25. At East Boston, Simpson's docks take vessels (1) 352 by 64 by 17i; (2) 250 bv 45V 174; (3) 153 by 32i by 13i ; ' 20 cents a ton; 10 each "lay-day." None . None. Several. Naval i tion. One. None. One, where engines are built. One large shop, also at navy-yard. Extensive and nu- merous. Navy- yard. Harrison Loring, Atlantic Works; 134 found- ries and machine- shops. For small repairs, shops at marinf railway. Albertson & Doug- lass Machine Com- pany. Grand Manan possess no facilities for coal or repairs. 20 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. EihiUt of coal to le had at the foUowUig Xorth Atlantio Station Name of port. New Tork, N. Y. Jeisey City, N. J. ■Wilmington, Del. Philadelpliia, Pa. Camden, N. J. Baltimore, Md . NewportNews, Va. Norfolk, Va. Wilmington,N. C. Charleston, S.C. Date. Oct., 1887. 1887. 1887. Mar., 188& 1887. Mar., 1888. Mar., Sept., 1881. Sept., 1884. Sept. 1881. Kind of coal on hand. Anthracite - . Cnmberland . Clearfield.... Anthracite .. Cnmberland . Anthracite .. Cumberland . Anthracite .. Clearfield .... Cumberland . Anthracite .. Cumberland . Cumberland . Clearfield.-.. Anthracite . . Kanawha . Kanawha Anthracite ... Cumberland . . Pocahontas . . . Kanawha Cnmberland . Cleai'fleld.... Anthracite .. Cumberland . Clearfield Anthracite .. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. Ample at all times. !;!do!!I"!;!!"!!. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do .do .do .do. .do. .do .do .do .do. .do.... .do.... .do.... .do.... .do. .do. .do. .do. .do ,do .do Cost per ton. $3.75 3. GO 3.50 3.75 . 2.75 2.35 f. o. b. at Port Biohmond. 2.60 2.75 4.50 f 0. h. atLo- cust Point or Canton Pier. Same as Balti- more prices. 3.00 4.00 3.25 3.60 3.50 3.50 4.E0 3.50 3.50 4.50 Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Alongside dock at navy- yara ; or at Twenty- third street, East Eiver, at pier. Alongsidenkilroad wharf: At dock at navy-yaid, Oosport; off Fort Nor- folk by lighters; or alongside railroad wharf. Alongside dock.. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. 21 ports, together tcith the usual 8up;ply on hand, cost, ete. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. U.S.; 320 tons anthracite. None . None . Diatanoe from coal ;)ile to ship. Coal min- ing in viomity. None . None . None . None . None - None . tr. S. ; 1,167 tons an- ttiracite -, 4 tons bitu ininous. None . None . lo Fort Nor- folk from na- vy-yard, li miles- J to 1 mile. None . None . None . None . Next near- est coal- ing port. Perth Am- l)oy. New York. Philadelp'a "Wilming- ton; Chester. Philadelp'a Annapolis; Newport News. Norfolk . - Baltimore ; Newport News. Charleston. Number and size of dry- docks. One at Brooklyn navy- yard; dock will take vessel 360 by 65 by 25 ; another building, 500 by 85 by 25J; 2, Erie Basin, Brooklyn, will take vessels 510 by 70 by 22, and 567 by 56 by 25; 4 floating docks. New York, largest take vessel 400by95by 19 ; charges, 20 cents per gross ton first day, 15 thereafter ; 2 marine railways, Brooklyn, 1,200 and 1,400 tons. Several balance docks ; largest, 185 by 62* by 14, 1,200 tons. H. cfeH.Co.'s,334by90 by 13i ; 2 marine rail- ways. One wooden Simpson's patent for vessels 42^ by 55 by 21J ; 1 section- al, 200 by 62 by 14 ; charges, 20 cents a ton ; 2 marine railways ; length of cradles, 160 and 170. One sectional, 210 by 70 by 17. One, wooden, Simpson's patent (free for TJ. S. men-of-war), for ves- sels, 435 by 50 by 21 ; 1 wooden sectional, will take Gralena class; 2 marine railways, ca- pacity 700 tons; marine slips, No. 1, capacity 1,200 tons; floating dock of 1,500 tons dis- placement. One bnUding 600 by 93 by 25. One stone dry-dock at Gosport navy-yard, will take vessel 290 by (iO by 25; another build- ing (timber) 600 by 65 by25i. Marine railway- tons. ■1,600 PortEoyal. One wooden floating dock, 155 by 49 by 11. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. Extensive and nu- merous. X> e 1 a - mater Iron Works, Fletcher, Harrison & Co. ; (juintard Ironworks; Mor- gan Iron Works; also at navy-yard, Brooklyn; 287 foundries and ma- chine shops. Several. Excellent. Extensive & numer ous. Birly, Eillman & Streaker; Neafie & Levy; Cramp & Son. Also at Ches- ter. Tes. Yes. 63 foundries and machine shops. None. At navy-yard, Gos- port; excellent. Cape Fear machine- shop. Charleston Iron Works, and Valk & Murdook. 22 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOB NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to J)c had at ihe following North Atlantic StaHon Name of port. PortEoyal.S.C Savaunab, Ga. Key "West, Fla. Pensacola, Fla . Mobile, Ala. Kew Orleans, La, Galveston, Tex St. George's, Bermuda. Hamilton, Ber- muda. 'Nassau, Baba- ina Islands. Babia - Honda, Cuba. Cabaiios, Cuba. Sept., 18S4. Sept., 1884. Mar. 1S88. Sept., 18S4. Sept.. 1884. Date, Sept., 1884. Sept., 1884. Sept. 1883. Apr., 1887. Mar., 1884. Feb., 1884. Feb., 1884. T-. 1 f ...1 I Tons of Kind of coal , ^,.,,.|j „j on baud. I ^),„^, Average tons ou band i Cost per ton. during I ^ I ar.' Cuniborlaud .. Depends on demand' Clearfield . Anthracite . Cumberland . Clearfield Anthracite .. .do. .do. Ample supply. do ...do Antbraoite . . . Cumberland . . Clearfield Anthracite . - . Alabama Pittsburgh via NewOrleaus- Antbracite — Pittsburgh .. Alabama Anthracite . . Cumberland . . Anthracite ..- Cai-diflF Anthracite . English. Anthracite ... None . None . 700 Depends on demand .do .do Ample supply Little used or dealt in. ...do Ample at all times ...do Little used or dealt Depends on demand ...do 600 150 1,200 400 75 1,000 200 3.75 4.75 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.50 4.50 6. 00 4.00 6.60 4.00 3.75 V.OO 5.50 7.50 8.60 9.60 Stowing, 36 to 480. per ton. $4. 79 (English Government contract price). Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Alongside dock ; slow. . Alongside Government wharf. At coal dock »t navy- yard, with draught of 18 feet. By lighters. In port by wheelbarrows; rapidly. At Murray's anchorage, from bulks, by baskets or hoisting; r.irely intermpted by storras. Teu tons per boar from bulk. Winter gales interrupt. Large vessels must load outside of bar by light- ers. Slow. Consider- able risk ftom Juno to October. * No coal regularly on bond. This was taken fi'om a ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL. USE. 23 porta, together with ilie usual aiipphj on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. None . None . U.S. tr. S. ; 725 tons an- thracite. None . None . None , Eritlsh, at dock-yard, 13J miles dist.; 3,000 to 4,000 Welsh on hand. British, 4 miles from town. 6,000 tons Welsh. Vessels ^o alongside coal wharf. None . Distance from coal pile to snip. i mile to coal yard. 60 feet . Depends o n anchorage and kind of coal required. 2 miles. Coal min- ing in vicinity. None . None . None . None . None . None . None . None . None . None . Next near- est coal- ing port. Savannah PortEoyal; Brunswick, Ga. Pensacola Key West Alohile. Pensacola; New Or- leans. Mobile . N. Orleans. 'Grassy Bay." St. George's Havana; Key West. Number and size of dry- docks. None. One 340 by 75hy 13 (3,000 tons); marine railway, 1,200 tons. None. At navy-yard, 1 iron sec- tional dock, unfinished. One for vessels of 1,000 tons. Three: 315 hy 42 by] 6; 225by — by 16; 220 by — by 14. None . None. Marine slip, 1,200 tons. None. One floating dock. Capacity largest Eng- lish iron-clad. None. One marine rail- way for vessels of 1,200 tons. None. Machine shops at v?hioh steamers can repair. J. W. Tynan. Light repairs. At navy-yard. Gnlf City Fonndry. Home Industry Foundry. Lang, tTohn & Company. Schuemann, A. fixtensive and nn- merous. 20 foun- dries and machine shops. Dallas Iron works, Lee Iron Works. One small shop. At dock-yards are ex- tensive works ca- pable of any kind of repairs. Well equipped shops a t Government dock-yard. Re- pairs cost actual price of labor and materials plus 25 per cent. For very small re- pairs. None. wrecked vessel in 1868 and exposed to the weather. 24 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USB. ExliibU of coal to le had at the following North Atlaniio Station Name of port. Date. Mariel, Cuba . . HaTana, Caba ' Matanzas, Cuba Cardenas, Caba SagnalaG-rande Cuba. IfneTitas, Cuba Port Nipe, Cuba. Baiacoa, Cuba G-naDtanamo, Cuba. Santiago de Cuba. Trinidad de Cuba. Aug., 1883. Jan., 1884. Feb., 1884. Jan., 1881. Feb., 1884. Feb., 1884. Feb., 1884. Oct., 1883. Sept., 1883. Kind of coal on hand. None . Cardiff Cumberland . Anthracite . . Newcastle... Blacksmith . . English. American Scotch British Prov- inces. (t) None . None . None . Anthracite .. Cardiff Cumberland . Scotch American bi- tuminous. Tons of each at date. 20, 0001 6, 000 1, 000 } 4, 000 500 J 3,000 to 3,500 400) 600 > 500 i None . Small quantity. None . 3, 500 1 9, 500 I a, 600 • 1,500 Average tons on band during year. 80, 000 I to <, 100, 000 I 3,250 4,000 $9. 00 to $10. 00 8. 00 to 8.00 8.50 8. 00 to 9. CO 9. 00 to 0.90 Stowing, 15c. to 20o. per ton (Spanish gold). ta. 00 to $9. 00 Stowing,$l. OQ per ton. $11. 00 to $12. 00 Alongside, $2 Fer day to aborers "Unknown Small quantity. None - Coat per ton. go) par lid). Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Alongside wharf or by lighters, 400 tons per day; heavy rains and storms from June to October. 3y lighters ; alow . By baskets to lighters, and then in tuba to ships; 500 lbs. each; very slow ; liable to in- terruption from stoong northerly winds and hurricanes in Septem- ber to February. 17,000.^ $8. 00 to $8.50 8. 50 to 9, 00 8. 00 to 8. 50 8. 00 to 8. 25 Stowing, 50o per ton (Spanish gold). $8. 50 to $9. 00 on wharf. By lighters and tugs; rapid ; no interruption. Ou the wharf; rapid; in the stream by lighters; dday aooording to wind; interruption during Sept. and Oct. * Coal can be obtained at Matanzas, Cardenas, and Sagua la Grande, but no Cardi6f or Cumberland. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 25 ports, together xritli the iisual supply on hand, cost, ttc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at ■which steamers can repair. None If alongside ■wharf, a few yards. One mile Twelvemilesif drawing more tbanlSfeet; 1 mile with leas draught. None on island. None None Santiago de Cuba, Oi- enfuegos. Havan a (best) Matanzas . One floating dock, 275 feet by 78 by 14J (16 feet at bow, 13 at stem). Dock is open ended •, 75 cents per ton regis- ter first day; 25 there- after. Several. None None One. Small quan- tity, very poor qual- ity, belong- ing to Gov- ernment.^ \ , Santiago do Cuba; Gi- bara. None - k None 300 yards Smiles, accord- ing to draught. None. (There are unworked veins.) None Cienfuegos Cienfuegos Xone Oiie good shop capa- ble of all repairs. Spanish at Casilda; about 500 tons Amer- ican bitu- minous. tCan be obtained. 26 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE, Exhibit of coal to be had at the following Xovlh Atlantic Station Name of port Date. Kind of coal on haiul. Tons of each at date. Average ^^"^ J i ^ .. i_„ Manner of coaling, rapid onhandl Cost per ton. or slow, etc. during 1 I year. | Cienfuegos, Cub.-v. Kingston, Ja- Feb., ISSS. Jan., 1SS6. Sept., 1883. Cardiff Cumberland .. Antbracito . . - Westmoreland Newport Cardiff A few hundred tons for Clyde S. S. Co. 8,0001 2.000 2,000 ■ 1,500 % 500. 27, 000 After April and Maj',6600. In first partofy'r 11,500. 20, 000 f $8. 50 9.00 1 8.00 ■) 8.00 8.50 8.00 Spanish gold. $9 70 By lighters; rapid; 200 tons per day ; seldom interrupted ; probably most liable in Sept and Oct. From wharf, with bas- kets of 80 pounds each ; rapid; no interruption. Interrupted from Aug. to Not. niaica, W. I.* ■w.i.t °' Azna, San Do- mingo Island. Cape Haytien, Haytl, W. I. Port-au-Prince, Jan., 18S4. Jan., 1884. Welsh Welsh (Gov't depot). Small . . . Small.. - Small... SmaU... $13. 00 to $14. 00 $16. 00 to $18. 00 By lighters ByUshtera. ............. Hayti, W. I. Gonaives, Hay- td, "VV. I. Jeremle, Hayti, \ •W.I. San Nicolas, Jan., Ig84. Oct. None Hayti, W. I. St. Marc, Haytl, None One-eigbth mile from sbore iu8t« 15 fathoms; no wharvea. By baskets; rapid; no interruption. W.I. Samana, W. I. Small, for Clyde steiun- ers. None . . . Not for sale... Puerto Plata, 1883. Feb.. 1884. None San Domingo. * There are no otber coaling ports on the island. 1 Las Calderas on the south, and Samana on north side of island would make excellent coaling stationa. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. 27 ports, together wilk the usual supply on hand, cost, elo. — Continued. GovernmeBt coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pilo to ebip. Coal mia- iug in vicinity. Next noai-' eat coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers cau repair. None Bcitieli £it Coal at wliarf; araall vohsoIs go alongside; large vessels lie i mile. 30 to 40 yards. Nouo None None Triniaad.. Santiago de Cuba. St. Juan, Port Rico, St. Thomas None; 2 slips, largest takes vessels 200 feet long, and draught 8 feet forward and 12 feet aft. Two worts. Several where ma- Poi-t Eoval; 1.800 Welsh, ],l!00 patent fuel. chinery can be repaired with dis- patch. Mechanics, negroes. PortEoyal, ^Kingston, St. Thomas. Santiago de Cuba. .do Gov't coal * "NouQ None. only ; small quantity. ....do ....do None None None Port - au - Prince. San Juan, Porto Eico. St. Thomas • 40 feet I The United States station during the war was sold in 1873. 28 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. Hxhibit of 'coal to he had at ihe following J^^orth Atlantic Station Name of port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand daring year. Cost per ton. Manner of coalings rapid or slow, etc. Mayaguez.Por- to Eioo.W. 1. Fence, Porto Kioo, "W. I. Arecibo. Porto Eico.'W^.I. G-nayama.Porto Eico,W.I. Naqnaho, Porto Rico, W. I. Viequez Island, Porto Kico, W.I. San Juan, Porto Eico,W.I. Turk's Island, ■W.I. St. Thomas, W. I." Feb., 1886. None . None . None. Feb., 1886. Sept., 1883. Jan. 1887. Cardiff.. None . Frederiksted, Santa Craz, W.I. Christians tadt, Santa, Cmz, W.I. Dec, 1885. Dec, 1885. Cardiff Scotch Newcastle... Cumberland . G-erman.. Anthracite . . Newcastle . Cardiff. Cardiff. . None . . 2,500 450 COO 450 250 600 Small... Small.. 1, 500 to 2, 000. Onlywhat is saved from wrecked vessels. • 7,600 • 400 to 500 500 $9.00 $7. 50 to $8. 00 7.60 6.75 7.50 7.00 8.00 Delivered at wharf. Light* ers 60 cents more ; stow- ing 10 cents per ton. $8. 00 to $9. 00 ; lighters extra. $8.00 to $9. 00; lighterage, $1 to $2 per tun. _ By lighters and baskets; rather slow. At wharf with baskets, as rapidly as It can be stowed. No interrup- tion except possibly by hurricanes from Aug. to Nov. By lighters. .do. » Santa Cruz has no facilities. At St. Thomas the Eoyal Mail, Imperial German, and the Com- ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 29 porfSj together with the usual supply on hand, coat, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance f Dom coal pile to ship. None . None on isl'd None . None . Short . 25 feet of wa- ter at coal pier; steam- ers ot greater draught can coal from pier hy using stag ing. Coal min- ing in vicinity. None . None . None . None . Next near- est coal- ing port. San Jnan, Porto Rico. St. Thomas St. Thomas San Jaan, Porto Rico. St. Thomas St. Thomas Number and size of dry- docks. None . None . None . None One floating dock. Ex:- treme length, 280 feet ; inside breadth, 72 feet: length of keel, 288 feet; length of deck, 321 feet; greatest draught of ship, 21 feet ; capac- ity, 3.O0O tons; crane lihs 40 tons. None. None. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. None. None. None. Shops of Royal Mail Steam Packet Go. None. pagnie Gr6nerale Transatlantique keep on hand sufficient coal to supply their steamers. 30 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. ExMMt of coal to he had at the foUomng North Atlantic station Name of port. Basae-Terre.St. Kitts or St. C h ristopher Island. Anguilla, "W. I St. Martin, "W. I Careenage, St. Bartholomew, ■W.I. St. Enstatias, W.I. Nevis, W. I Antigua, W.I. Montserrat, W. I. Point k Pitre,* Guadalonpe, W.I. Portamouth, Do- minica, W. I. Boseau, Domin- ica, W.I. Fort de France, Martinique, "W.L Apr., 1884. Sept. 1883. Kind of coal on hand. Cardiff Patent fuel . Blacksmith. None . Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. Less than 100 tons ....do ....do None - - Sept., 1883. Sept., 1883, Mar., 1884. Jan., 1887. None . English (soft) . None - None . None - Welsh . None . Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. $9.00 Lighterage and stowing $1.25 per ton. None . 10 None . . None . . None ... None . . . L arge quantity. None . None . None . None . None . Large quantity. $9.60,delfvered and stowed. ^9; $5 to men- of - war; 15 cents per ton for delivery. By lighters; in hogsheads. By lighters; moderately rapid ; rarely inter- rupted. Alongside wharf; rapid. * Coal is imported for French war vessels ; none for sale. ANTHRACITE AND BITUilENOUS COAI4 FOR NAVAL USE. 31 poriSf iogetluT with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Grovernment coaliug stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. None , None . At. EnglisU harbor; 400 tons patent fuel. None . French; 300 tons on hand K"one . None . IS miles. 100 rods. French; 400 tons patent fael. Coal tniu* ing in vicinity. None . Piled on the ■wharf; elec- tric light at night. . Xone . ITone . None . None . Next near- est coal- ing port. St. Thomas St. Thomas None . None . None . Antigua . St. Thomas Antigua . F o r t d e France, Martin- ique. ...do .do. St. Lucia. Number and size of dry- docks. None . None . None. None . None . None . One; 416 extreme length by 110 on top by 27. « draught. Cbargns 50 cents ton for admis- sion, 22 for docking, and 10 for each day alter first. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. None. None. None. For small repairs. None, Several. None. None. Light repairs. 32 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to le had at the following North Atlantic station Xame of port. Port Castries, St.Lucia,"SV^.I. Bridgetown, BarbadoeSiW. 1. St. Vincent, W.I. Santa Ana, Cnracao.t ■yv.i. Port Spain, isl- and of Trini- dad. Matam o r o s, Mexico. Tnspan, Mex- ico. VeraCruz,Mex- ico. Tampico, Mex- ico.! Belize, British Hondnras.§ Livingston, Gulfof Hon- duras, Guate- mala^ G. A, Truxillo, Hon- duras, C. A. Date. Fob., 1888. Feb*, 1888. Mar., 1884. Feb., 1887. Feb., 1887. Sept., 1883. Kiuil of coal on baud. Welsb . ...do. None . "Welsh . Cardiff.. Kone . Mar., 1884. Sept., 1883. Dec, 1883. Apr. 1885. Anthracite . Bituminous. Patent fael . Anthracite, English. "Welsh (occa- sionally). Tons of Liicli at dale. 4,000 to 5,000. Large - 300 2,000 None . . Large... 44,000 30, 000 Small.., Average tons on hand during year. 4, 50n- Large. 350 2,000 None Coat per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. i.60 f. o. b.... f9; 37 cents lighterage;* $8.50at wharf $10, alongside ■ $11. None . None . . . Large... 120, 000 Small.., 25 None . $10 to $13 $1.90 per ton for deliver- ing and stowing. $10 to $20 . $10 per ton. Lighterage extra. 20 to 21 feet of water alongside wharf; fur- ther dredging to 28 feet in progress ; rapid; with baskets ; no inter, ruption. By lighters ; rapid ; no interruption ; 13 feet water at wharf. By lighters; as fast as required; at nil sea- sous; coal pier iu coarse of construction. By lighters, from hulk moored in 16 ft. water. By lighters ; medium rate. Liable to inter. ruption in bad weather, By lighters . * Could be purchased cheaper by contract. t Excellent h.arbor ; coal for Dutch navy, 5 bailing vessels come la with coal and remain until unloaded, ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL U'5E. 33 ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, eic.^Continned. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from -. coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. 30 to 40 yards.. None Kone None None Barbadoes St.Lncia.. St. Lucia.. St. Thomas Bri t i ah- None ^. Good. quantity an Known. All coal is imHe kept for Dutch men- ofwar, but others are supplied. British, 400 y Small tons. None Galveston. Vera Craz . None f m. to anchor- age in harbor; Similes to an- chorage off Island of Sac- rifioioa. Coal veins 100 miles inland, worked in a very primitive way. In the TJ. S. YeraCruz. None 1? Shops belonging to R.B. Co. will make repairs. shop. bat others can get it. 11369 c D- I Small quantity for use of Mexican Central Eailroad. 3 ' 34 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. MxHMt of coal to he had at ilie foXlotoing North Atlantic Station Name of port. Date, Puerto Cortez, Honduras, C. A. Puerto Cabello, Honduras, C. A. Pearl Lagoon (MtLsquito coast), Cen- tral America. Great Corn Island (Mos- quito coast). Central America, BlnefieldB, Nic- aragua, C. A. San Juan del Norte {Grrey Town), Nic- aragua, C. A. Port Limon, Costa liica. B)ca del Tore (CbiriqniLa- foon), United tates of Co- lombia. Shepherd's Harbor (Chi- r i q u 1 L a- goon), United States of Co- lombia. Colon, *TJnited States of Co- lombia. Puerto Eello, UnitedStates of Colombia. Cartagena, rnitedStates uf Colombia. Aug. 1883. Jan., 1883. Aug., 1884. Aug., 1884. July, 1883. Mar. 1883. Mar. Mar. 1883. Jan., 1885. Kind of coal on hand. None (a role). None . None . None . None . Pittsburgh .., None . None . Welsh American. Tons of each at date. None(di3- p a a- ble). None . . . None ... None ... 200 (800 expected for rail- road). None . None . . . 5 or 6 cargoes. 35 in hands of Govern- ment Average tons on hand during year. Small, for private uae. None - None - Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. I (not less) - . j Easy, but slow . 100 tons per month received. None . .. None . 5 cargoes 15 at pile . M-50. mined by, By mining. native labor. J15 to 20, at accommoda- tion of E. R. Co. At times from coal vessel for $10. I^ight- erage and stowage $2. $25 .do. Alongside wharf or hy lighters ; difficult in season of fresh trades. * The 5 or 6 cargoes belong to railroad company. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. 35 ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repaii'. . Along side wharf. None Curacoa .. St. Thomas None One large shop, ca- pable of all kinda of repairs. None. None r None None None Deposits not worked. Deposits on bay shore not worked. Colon -Colon Colon Colon Colon None. None None. None by railroad com- pany. Small forge at rail None road shops. None. In cars to ■wharf, then to steamer. None Kailroad shops. None. Yeinsfound at San An- dres, 25 miles in- land. Colon None. 36 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to he had at the following North Atlantic Station Kame of port. Barranquilla, United States of Colombiai. S a b a D i 1 1 a, UnitedStates of Colombia. Santa Marta, UnitedStates of Colombia. Bio H a c b a, UnitedStates of Colombia. Maracaibo or Coro, Venez- uela.* Cumaua,Venez uela. Eio Cari'be, Venezuela. Ciudad Bolivar (Angostura), Venezuela. Campano, Ven- ezuela. Puerto Cabello, Venezuela. Barcelona, Ven- ezuela. Mochima, Ven- ezuela.t Sept. 1883. July, 1885. Mar. 1884. Sept. 1883, Bate. Aug. 1884. Kind of coal on hand. Cardiff Patent fuel . None. Can get by rail from Barranquilla. None . Cardiff. . None . Tons of each at date. Small (for use of rail- road). None - Small.. None . None . Aug., 1884. Dec. 1885. Aug., 1884. Brought from Island of Trinidad. J Cumberland . None . Average tons on hand during year. 200 None . Coat per ton. $10 (no fixed rates for de- livery). $13 per ton for patent fuel. 100 150 to 200 tons English. I 450 Occasion- a 1 1 y a small am ount on hand. Suppiy uncer- tain. $10 $13 to $15 . Manner of noaling, rapid or slow, etc. By lighters; slow. From December to April is the windy season. By lighters. By lighters; slow. From December to April is the windy season. By lighters; no interrnp. tion. No facilities. Poor facilities . * The tugs employed at the bar keep coal at Fort St. Carlos and at Maracaibo, 1 3D miles east of Barcelona. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. porta, together loitA the usual supply on hand^cost, etc. — Continued. 37 Oovemment coaling stations in yioinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Nextnear- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. Smiles None (coal inland not worked). None None None None. At Isle Thoas is coal in- jnrions to boilers. Large de- posits at ' theSio Limon. Colon Colon Colon Colon Curasao; St. Thomas None ... - . None None. None None. None J mile. Steam- ers might lie opposite. None , None. None Island of Trinidad. None Nonp. s None nearer than 30 to 75 miles. 38 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. JSxhihit of coal to he had at the following North Atlantic Station Name of port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc.' LaGnayra.Ven ezuela. Paramaribo, Dutch Gui- ana, South America. D o merara (G-eorgetown), British Gui- ana, South America. Cayenne, French Gui- ana, Sonlh. America. Dec, 1885. Aug. 18«4. Sept., 1884. Cardiff. . Cardiff. . Welali Patentfuel., Small... Supply notto be relied upon. By lighters. Sufficient for use of Government steamers and the regular line to Amsterdam. 6,000 3,000 10, 000 $10 to $12; de- livery and stowing, $1 per ton. $7.50 to $10, in the bunkers. Merchant steamers coal from wharf; gunboats from lighteis; exceed- ingly slow J not inter- rupted. From punts in baftkets, alongside wharf or from hulk direct ; sat- isfactory; no inter- ruption. Exhibit of coal to he had at the folloxoing South Ailaniic Para, Brazil.... Oct., 1883. ■Welsh ? Scotch S Welsh ....do 5,000 1, 500 to 2, 000. 200 to 250 5,000 1,700 225 $12 on board 5 $12 B.Y lighters and small baskets; slow. Very- little interruption. By 50-ton lighters ; slow. In sacks on jangados of li to 2 tons ; slow. zil. $11.05 to$13.66; exchange 21 to 21i ; $1.0G for delivery per ton. Natal, Brazil.. . . ParaUiba,Brazil Koue . . . 200 6,000 • Kavao, Brazil . . Cardiff. ....do 200 6,000 • $15 By lighters ; slow By lighters; 200 tons per day. Pernambuco, Oct., 1887. $8.00 stowed; inside break- water. Brazil. Haceio, Brazil. . _- . : '. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 39 ports, together toith the usual-supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to sbip. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. None; de- posits, Dnt not worked. None None CnraQao .. Demerara, Cayenne. Paramari- bo, Saint Lncia. 100 yards from pileto lighter. 50 yards None One dry-dock, granite, iron gates, 230 feet by 4Sfeetbyllfeet. Tor cleaning alone, adtoits vessels 250 feet long. - machine shop for steamer work. Two first-class; best machinery and workmen. Station ports, together icith the nsual supply on hand, cost, etc. None None None Maranhao. Para Maranhao, Pernam- buco. Imilft ^ mile if inside reef, if out- side, 1 mile. lent. by contract. limited means. Railroad stops. None CO. do 400 yards 1 mile Railroad shops. Good for ordinary repairs. None None Batia 40 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to he had at the following South Atlantic Station Name of port. Date. Aracaja, Brazil. Bahia, Brazil . . Eio de Janeiro, Brazil. Santos, Brazil.. Desterro (St. Catherines Island), Bra- zil.; Eio Grande do Sul (Sao Pe- dro), Brazil. Montevideo, Uruguay. Colonia, Uru- guay. Paysandu.Uru- guay. Maldonado, Uruguay. Buenos Ayres, Argentine Eepnblic. Kosario, Argen- tine Kepublic. July, 1886. Oct., 1886. Nov., 1886. July, 1885. Kind cf coal on hand. Cardiff..-. English- - - Cardiff Scotch English. .. Cardiff ? Newcastle-- ) Cardiff. . Dec, Welsh 1886. Newcastle . Scotch Mav, 1885; Oct., 1887. Dec. Nov., 1883. Oct., 1887. Tons of each at date. None . 30, 000 1,000 600 to 800 Average tons on hand during year. None . 8, 000 J 22, 000 1,000 500 to 600. Yearly consump- tion 3,000. Cost per ton. ) stowed(from vessel).* $7.98t- $7.92.-.- $16.80 to$18.90 delivered on hoard for- eign vessels. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. None . Cardiff.. None . Cardiff.. Scotch . . Cardiff. . 11, 000 500 1,000 None ... None . 50 to 200 2, 500 • 1,200 $9.73t Slow. From April to August liable to south- erly gales. By lighters j rapid. Sel- dom interrupted. By lighters, or by bring- ing coat hulk alongside. By 20 to SOtonslighters; baskets; rapid. Slow ' at Santa Cruz. High VTlnds in July, August, and September. No means of towing light- ers to ships at outer anchorage. By lighters. Rapid. Weathermayintemipt in June, July, and Au- gust. By lighters. 50 tons a "day. No interruption. $9.60 Delivery an d stowing,$1.44 per ton. >f.o.b By lighters from the col- lieries. Slow. Always liable to interruption. By lighters, or by going alongside hulk. * German government contract (1887) for Welsh, $9.84 alongside, $9.96 stowed. t German government contract (November, 1887) for Welsh, $8.64 alongside, $8,77 stowed. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. ports, together with ihe usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. 41 Government ooaluig atations in vicinity. - Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of diy- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. None None None None None To be ■worked. AraUroad mns to coal- field from the harbor of Imbi- tuba. Good coal. Bahia Eio, Per- nambnco. Bahia Kiode Jan- eiro. Santos, Eio de Janeiro, Montevideo None. 1 to 3 miles ... Smiles tract. If one Fonr dry-docks, 2 Gov- ernment and 2 private ; 488 by70by25 private; 420 by 60 Government; 240 by 35 Government. partial repairs.bat very expensive. Several. fmile; atSanta CrozlOmlles. None 1 mile None None Kiode Ja- neiro. Bnenos Ayres. Two dry -docks : 420 by 55 by 18. 276 by 51 by 14. Several ; very good. \ None None None 5 miles 200 yards from hnlk. None None M nn te- video. Bnenos Ayres. None. Only one iu Ee public at San Fernando. 300 by 64 by 13. Several ; tolerably good work, bnt expensive.^ t Coal belongs to one English and one Brazilian coastiag steam companies ;- not for sale. § The dredgmg has deepened the river for vessels of 18 feet. 42 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. MxUiit of coal to he had at the following South Allantle Station Name of port. Balaia Blanca, Argentine Republic. Santa Cruz, Patagonia. Port Stanley, Fallsland Isl- ands. Ascension Isl- and. Jamestown, St. Helena. St. PauldeLo- ando, West Africa. Cape Town, Soath Africa. Simon's Town, South At'i'ica. Mossel Bay, Soath Africa. Port Elizabeth, Sonth Africa. East London, South Africa. Date, Apr., 1884. Dec, 1882. Jan., 1887. 1884. June, 1885. May, 1885. July, 1887. July, 1887. Kind of coal on hand. English. Cardiff . Welsh Danish Patent fuel - . Welsh English Of very bad quality. Cardiff. Cardiff.. Cardiff, New- castle. English. Welsh . Tons of each at date. Large. None . 3, 500 (in hulk). Large- 250 250 Average tons on hand during year. 500 to 1,000 Large quantity — 45, 000 1, 000 in Srivate ands. 100 SO, 000 1, 500 to 2, 000. Large qnantity. Cost per ton. $14. 00 $12. 15 $24. 00 Stowin g, $1 per day. $19.00on board ship. $11.00 stowed, if alongside wharf. Ifin stream, $lper ton extra. $14.40, deliv- ered along- side in bags. $14.40 to$15.60, 2, 000 pounds, deli very , $1.68 per ton. $12.15 deliv- ered alongside Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Alongside hulk. Slow. Winds in summer, snow-squalls Id winter, interrupt. By lighters. Rapid. By lighters; 100 tons daily. Rapid if sea is smooth. By lighters and baskets. Rapid. Much better place to coal than the Congo. At wharf, or by 200-tou lighters, and sacks. Rapid. Seldom inter- rupted. By7to9ton lighters; 100 to 150 tons daily; sel- dom interrupted. By lighters. By bags ; rapid ; inter- ruption liable during southeast monsoon sea- son, from September to December ; 1 i-g h t e r s hold 30 to 60 tons. * No market. Only for use of Southern Railroad Company, t At Banana ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 43 pm-tsj togetket' with the usual 8up;ply on handt cosi, ete.— Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pUe to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- doQks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. None None.* Straits of Magellan. ^ None imile.... .'.-.. None Mon t e - video. Britisli St. Helena. British, 1,000 tons. 200 yards, from coal yard to jetty. None 1 Ascension Island. None None. 1,000 to 2,000 yards. Ves- sels can an- chor within 200 yards. None. Good de- posit. Banana Creelt. t One large shop. Me- chanics poor and lazy. always short. British, a t Simon's Town. At wharf; if in stream, i mile. None Simon's Town. One dry-dool£, 500 by 68 by 26 ; 1 patent slip for , vessels of 1,200 tons. Charges 60 centsaday per gross register ton. Several. Govern- ment and mail- steamer shops. British; lO.OOOtons; i is New- castle. 350to400yards. None • Table Bay. One patent slip for ves- sels of 1,200 tons regis- ter. British Government naval station. \ Cape Town, Port Eliz- abeth. imile None Cape Town. None -...-. Goorf' for ordinary worl£. Cl66k, $19 per ton, stowed in bonkers by French and Dutch house. 44 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. ExliMt of coal to be had at the following South Atlantic Station Name of port. Durban (Port Natal), South Africa. Mozambiq u e , South Africa. Johanna I s 1 - and, Comoro Group* Mayotte, Co- moro Group. Zanzibar, South Africa. Tullear, Mada- gascar. Mourandara, ^Madagascar. Mojunga,Mada gascar. Hellville, Nossi B^, Madagaa- Sainte Marie de Madaga^- Fen6rive, Mad- agascar. Tamatave, Madagascar. Mah^ Sey- chelles Isl- ands. Date. •July, 1887. Mar., 1886. Mar. 1887. Sept. 1885. Mar., 1887. Feb., 1884. Feb., 1884. Mar. Apr., 1886. Apr. 1887. 1884. Apr., 1887. Oct., 1883. Eind of coal on hand. Welsh . Cardiff- . None . Patent fuel-.. Cardiff. . None . None - None . Patent fuel t.. Patent fuel t - - None . Patent fuel t-- Cardiff.. Tons of each at date- Average tons on band during year. Large quantity. 1,500 None ... 500 None . . . None . None . 2,000 6,000 None . 1,500 None . 500 3,000 None . None . 2,000 6,000 Large quantity. 1,300 1,000 Cost per ton. $17 of 20 cwt. delivered alongside at outer an- chorage. $15; lOcts. per ton for stow- ing. $11.97 to French ships; 20 per cent, additional to others. $11.13 deliv- ered.* $11.85- $14.86 . $10. $14.. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. By lighters ; depends on water on bar, and weather. By lighters; slow; noin- ioterruption. By lighters. By small lighters ; slow; no interruption. By lightere; slow; no in- terruption. By lighters ; slow - By ligthers; slow ; no in- terruption. * German government contract for Welsh, three years from April, 188S, is $10.10 alongside, and $10.35 in bunkers ; 50-ton lighters to be provided ; 300 tons in 24 hours. * t Belongs to French government. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. 45 ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stotions in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in ■vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. None Coal in hulks and stores, 3 miles. imile Coa d e - posits 200 miles in- land. Coal seams } 4 meters thick; semi- b i - tominons. Port Eliz- abeth. Zanzibar.. Zanzibar, Seychelles. Zanzibar, Mozam- bique. Mozam- bique, Aden. Mozam- bique. Mozam- bique. Mozam. bique. Mauritius, Zanzibar. lifone Two Good for or- None dinary work. None J mile ^one None None None None Tea British; 3,000 tone patent fuel. None None ....... None; but fine beach and large rise and fall of tide. J to i mile.... another at Diego Sna- rez. Diego Sau- rez. None . ...... .None Bourbon.. None ..\........ Trench 100 yards None..... B u rbon, Manritins, Aden.Zan- zibar. None 46 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL. USE. Sjchibit of coal to lie had at the following South Atlantic Station Name of port. D.ite. Kind of coal on liand. Tons of eacli at date. Average tons on hand during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. ' ■ TJiiion Island. May, 1S8'7. Au;r., 1887. Cardiff Cardiff. 4,000 2,500 6,000 2,600 $10 58 By lighters ; slow ; liable "to interi'uption from December to May. Orient Steam-sbip Line keep nine 75-ton light- ers always loaded; 12 tons an hour. Mauritius. Dieao Garcia, Chagos A r - chipelaso. $10.94 i 11.67 f.o. b. Exhibit of coal to he had at the following Pacific Station CapeLi-^burne, Alaska. May, 1885. Native lignite. Good. Coal veins easily mined by boat's crews. Port Clarence, May, 1885. Bituminous.-. 600 600 Alaska. Ounalaska, Alaska.* May, 1885. Bituminous . . . 500 600 $15 to $20 By bags or baskets from 'boats ; slow. Sitka, Alaska Sept., 1885. ■Wellington, Nanaimo. SufEcien the den to meet a and. $11 75 DepartureBay, Vancouver Island. May, 1885. Native bitumi- nous. "Wel- lington'' is the best. 2,000 $4 at mines; 10 cents for stowing. Alongside wharves; from chutes; rapid. Nanaimo, Van- May, 1885. Native bitumi- nous. 2,000 $3.75atmlnes; 10 cents for stowing. i couver Isl- and. Victoria, Van- couver. May, 1885. Nanaimo 2,000 2,000 $7; stowing 10 cents extra; $3 to $4 at mines. From coal yards with wheelbarro^vs ; rapid ; 1 no interruption. Aug., 1886. Nanaimo 2, 000 2,000 Vancouver Island. Feb., Wash. 1887. * The Alaska Commercial Company keeps a supply at Kadiak for the use of their own steamers. It ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. porti, together loitli the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. 47 Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. 1 Vessels of 750 tons said to have been docked at St. Pierre. Three drv-dooks ; 320 by 45 by 15, 353 by 60 by 18, 325 by 60 by 21; two small ships. None J to 4 mile.-.. None Seychelles. Several ; 25-ton der-' rick. None. portSj together with the usual supply on hand, cost^ etc. V. S. at Oun- alaska; 500 tons for rev. enue steam ers. TJ.S.atOim- alaska. TT.S British at Victoria. ...do . .do. ....do . British. ....do. British, Van- couver. None Alongside ■wharves. Has heen; abandoned. None . None . None t • Extensive; 1,000 tons 500 tons a day. Extensive. -do. Port Clar- ence, OnQalaska Victoria . . Departure Bay. Nanalmo. Victoria . Esquimault Victoria .. Esquimault None . None . None . None . None . None - None . One; take vessel 450 hy 65 by 26i. None - None. None. None. None. None. None. Several. One; quite small. t Prospecting on Admiralty Island ; coal believed to be plentiful. 48 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOK NAVAL USE, . Ilxhibit of coal to le had at thefollotoing Pacific Station Name of port. Date. Kind of coal on band. Tons of oach at date. Average tons on hand during year. Coat per ton. Uanuer of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Seattle, 'Wash. Tacoma, Wash. 01ympia,"Wash. Portland, Ore- gon. Coos Bay, Ore- go». San Francisco, Cal.* Feb., 1837, Feb. 1687. Native bitumi- nous. ...do. 2,000 2,000 $3 at mines; 10 cents for Blowing. 3.25atmines; 10 cents for stowing. Feb., 1887. San Pedro, Cal. San Biego, Cal. P i c h i 1 i nque Bay, Lower California, t Sept., 1884. May, 1883. Mar., 1888. Native bitmmi. nous. ...do. Ample supply. .do. Seattle Australian West Hartley. Cardiff Anthracite ... Cumberland .. .do .do .do .do .do .do May, 1885. Sept., 1884. July, 1886. Anthracite . Seattle Australian.. English Vancouver'e Anthracite . Kanaimo ... As at San Fran- cisco. 1,700 350 1,000 $3 delivered; 10 cents for slowing. $10. 00 10.00 .. 11.00 10.50 15.00 12.50 for cargoes to arrive; spot rates, $ 2 more. Very high ... $7.50 7.6» 7.50 8.00 $9.00 Stowing and delivery, $1. Alongside wharf; chutes; rapid. .do. Alongside wharf; rapid; 2 wharves at Empire City and 1 at Marsh- field. Men-of-war usnally coal at anchorage In bay, i to J mile, by large lighters and baskets; only liable to tempo- rary in terrnptiou from heavy winds. At Mare Island navy* yard, coalat wharf; by wheelbarrows. By lighters . By lighters hired at La Paz at $10 to $15 a day ; no interruption ; 46 tons per day. ' The importation of English coal is regulated by the grain crop. ANTHKACITK AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 49 portSj together tvitli the usual supply on kandj cost^ etc. — Continued. Government coaling station s in vicinity. British, Van- couver. ....do. ITone . U. S. at San Francisco. U. S. Govern nientcoalat Mare Island navy -yard 448 tons anthracite. U. S., at San I'rancisco. Kone . U. S. ; Mexi- can. Distance from coal ]3Llo to sliip. Nil. 4 to i mile from wharfs to anchor- Alongside coal ■wharf; 10 to 15 yards. 300 feet . C^al min- ing in vicinity. Extensive; 1,500 tons a day. Extensive. Coos Bay . 3,000 tons a month. None . None . None . On Taqui Kiver; not worked. Next near- est coal- ing port. Tacoma. . . Seattle. Tacoma. . . Coos Bay, or Van- couver. San Fran- cisco. Mare Isl- and. San Diego. San Pedro Mazailan, Guaymaa. Number and size of dry- docks. None . None . None . One at Albina opposite, 400 by 72 by 18-28. None . Two wooden floating docks 108 by 40 by 9, 210 by 60 by 15 ;1 stone dry-dock, at Hunter's Point, will take ves sel 438 by 90 by 24. Hydraulic dock, Union "Works, 450 by 66 by — . Dock will take vessel 460 by 79 by 274; 1 wooden sectional for vessels 347 by 92 by 16. None . Marine railway ; will take vessel of 2,500 tons. None . Machine shops at which steamers can repair. A good one. A good one. None. None. Extensive and nu- merous. Union Iron Works, Eis- den Iron Works; 58 founderles and machine shops. * Afc navy-yard, Mare Island. Large ma- chine shop for all kinds of repairs. None. 1 150 tons opposite La Paz, owned by Mexican Government. No coal at La Paz, Cape St. Lucas, and San Jos6. 11369 C D 4 50 ANTHRAClTi: AND BITUMINOU.S COAL FOR NAVAL USE. lixhihit of coal lo 6e had at the followimj Pacific Station Av(.>ra2,e !N"amfcof port. Date. Kind of coal ou hand. each at date. 1<-'I13 (tn band duiiiio; Co.u per tou. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. .VI-:!!-. i ! Gnaymas,ilyx Apr,, 1887. A u a t r a lian (poor). 1,000 ITone ... $U.C1 stowing and delivery $1. By lighters ; moderate; no interruption. Not., 1883. None . Mazatlan.Mex ico. Mar., 1887. Australian ... 1,000 1,000 $11.00 at pile.. Bagged and brought off in lighters under tow of tug; rapid; liable to inteiTuption in sum- mermonths by storms. Sept., 1883. None . - . ico. AcapuIco.Mex- ieo. Mar., 1887. Cardiff. Cumberland.. 1,000 1,000 3, 000 to 4, OOO. $13 Stowing and delivering $1. Bagged and brought off in lighters towed by ship's boats; ra^id: 175 tons per day ; no interruption. Apr., 1887. None - . . "Weather uncertain from July to October. Guatemala Acajutla, San Salvador, C. A. Jan., 1886. None *La Libertad, Jan., 1886. None None . . . !N"oii6 San Salvador, C.A. Amapala, Hon Sept., 1883. None Nona ... Kouo duras, U. A. Corinto, Nica- ragua Doc, 1887. Cardiff 300 ' 050 .$14 ; price va- riable. By lighters; rapid; no Interruption; telegram will secure expoditiou. San Juaa del Snr, Nicara- , gua. Punta Arenas, Sept., 1883. 4 to 6 500 be- longing, to Cos- til Eicau Gov't. Eapid; no interruption.. Costa Kica. * No coal at La Union. ANTHEACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 51 ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, eic— Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in viciuity. Nest near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- stocks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. None 2 miles for draught of 20 feet. None; an- thrac i t e abundant on Yaqni Eiver,120 miles. None None None None None ilazatlan . . Mazatlan, Pichi- linque. Acapulco, Gaaymas. Mazatlan . Mazatlan - Acapulco. None. None Kallroad shops at Culiacan. Two large shops. Mexican Gov- ern mnnt has on hand about 600 tons. li miles One dry-dock (building) . Mexican Gov- ei-nmentliaa 800 tons. None -300 yards None; marine railway under construction by Mexican Government. Paciac Mail Steam- ship Company's small shops; Gov- ernment building shops not finished. None None None Panama. . . Panama... Panama... 50 yards; coal exposed to weather. / None. Light repairs at Amelia, 7 miles distant. None Panama... None station at San Lncas. 52 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhiiit of coal to ie liad at the following Pacijio Station Name of port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at dale. Average tons on hand daring year. Cost per ton. * Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Panama, Uni- ted States of Colombia. Feb., 18S8. Cardiff 2,000 2, 000 to 5,000 $17 delivered alongside. By iron lighters, as rapid as can be stowed ; lia- ble to interruption. Bnenaventmra, United States of Colombia. Sept., 1881. None Never coal here G-aayaqail, Ec- uador, S. A. Sept., 1883. None ... Payta, Pern* .. Nov., 1885. English 2,400 2,000 116.46 From hulk by 20-ton lighters; merchant steamers go alongside hulk. Sept., 1886. None . . . Lobos de Af- uera, Peru. Paoasmayo, Peru. Oct., 1885. None, plenty of wood. ■Wood $5 a ton. Lighters Salaverry, Pern Sept., 1886. Chimbot6,Perut Sap6, Pern Sept., 1886. None Callao,Pera.... Mar., 1884. Cardiff. Large quantity. Large .. $15 to $16 By lighters with bask- ets i rapid, from 30 to 40-ton llghteis ; no in- terruption i Grace Bros. Arioa, Chili t... 1884. Chilian Iquiqne, Chili . . Jan., 1886. Cumberland . - English Chilian i Large e upply. . < $10.93 7.78 7.18 Byllghtersand baskets; rapid ; heavy surf lia- ble to interrupt at any time of year. * Coal station of P. S. N. Co. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE 53 porta, together icitlt the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal mm- iug in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. P. S. If. Co. 2J miles fur lar^io draught vessels; coal stored at La Boca, mouth of ItioGi-ande. Payta Panama. . . Payta. Payta Callao.... Callao.... Payta.'.... Pacifio Mail Steam- has con- tract t keep ci-r tain sup- ply onhand for Britisli Govt None None None ship Company's. Two small shops. Coal beds 125 miles interior. None Coal fields inland not worked. Callao.... None Less than i mile from coal hnlk to a n c h or- age. None Payta One floating dock 300 Ijy 76 by 29; capacity 5,000 tons; np to 21 feet draught. Xes. ■Warehouses close to heach; coal easily shipped a t the mole. In south ChiU. Caldera... Two; ordinary re- pairs. t Eailroad company has deposit for looomotiTes. 54 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to be had at the following Pacifio Statio Kame of port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of cMuli at cUitf. Average tons on hand during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Caldera, Chili.. Carrizal Bajo, Chili.' C oquimbo, Chili. Marl, 1887. Dec, 1886. Mar., 1887. Mar., 1884. Mar., 1887. 1883. 1883. 1883. 1883. English Chilian Australian "Welsh Australian Chilian 800 1,000 500 2,000 1,000 1,000 14, 000 Uncer- tain. 2,000 1,000 $5. 70 $5.00 to $5.25 50 cents light- erae:e. $7.00 $12.15 9.17 By lighters i rapid; no interruption. By lighters, 70 to 100 per day; no interruption. Yalparaiso, Chili. Chiliim Enjjlisli. Australian. Welsh. Chilian 2,000isthe capac- ity of hulks. , 2,O0OC ( (less) \ $6.00 $8. 00. to $15. 00 $0.10 $5.00 By lighters; moderate; a norther would inter- fere. By lighters or from coal Chili. Lota, Chili Chilian Chilian 200, 000 Mines .. ' vessel ; from June to August liable to inter- ruption from winds. Lehu, Chili lighters and baskets; rapid, except with southwest winds. Northers interrupt YaUivia, Chili. Corral, Chili... Small, not to bo de- pended on. CoWja, Chili... Sandy Toint, Chili. Foil., 1887. "Welsh • 1,800 1,800 $15. 80 Alongside hulk ; rapid. * No coal at Euasco, Taltal, or Tocapilla, AKTHRACITE AND BITUMINOllS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 5 ports, together toiih the usua^ snpply on handf cost, etc, — Coutiauecl. Government coaliug stations in vicinity. None . Britiah , Chilian Gov- ernmen t lias Cardiff for its own nse. Xone . Distance from coal pile lo ship. i mile. imile. From hulk to anchorage. 1 mile. None . None . Coal min- ing in vicinity. In south Chili. From mines by rail to pier, 3; to ^ mile ; ^ mile to ship. In south Chili. At Lota, Coronel, and Lc- hii. 600, 000 tons annually. Very ex- tensive. Extensive. K'ext near- est coal •> ing poi-t. Coquimho. Valparaiso Coqiiimbo. T a 1 c a hu- ano. Lota. At Lota and Car- onel. S overal mines — not worked. Coal poor. T a I cahu- ano. Lota. Number and size of dry- docks. None . None . None . Two floating docks; 302 by 60 by 40, draught 22; 265by 50 by 30,draught 16; capacity 6,000 to 2, 500. None . Ala^cbine shops a1 ■which steamers can repair. None . Corral . Lota. Lebu . Port Stan- ley. None . One excellent sho] Railroad shops; c dinary repairs. Eailroad company' Several ; any kind • work can be don Bailroad shops a^ Concepcion. Boat repair shop iron shops for o dinary work o steamers. Boiler-shops, None. 56 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exliiiil of coal to be liad at the following Pacific Station Name of port. Honolnla, Ha- waiian Isl'ds. Hilo, H.I...J Lahaina, H. I . Date. Aug. 1887. Feb., 1883. Jaluit, Marshall Islands. (Tameatown (Santiago), Ponapi, Caro- line Islands. Papeete, Tahi- ti. Society Islands, t Apia, Samoa Islands. Pago-Pago, Sar moa Islands. § Levnka, Fij i Islands. Suva, Fiji Isl'ds N"ei-Afa, Tava Isl'd, Tonga. Noumea, New Caledonia. Russell, New Zealand. Oct., 1887. Nov. 1887. May. 1886. June, 18S6. Kind of coal on hand. Nanaimo... Australian. Anthracite . . . Bituminous. -. None . "Westphalian. Australian -. Australian. Welsh June, 188G. Aug., 1886. Aug., 1886. July, 1886. 1884. Nov., 1883. Tons of each at date. ► Small.. Average tons on hand during year. Small . Small supply for Spanish ships. 2,000 300 Coat per ton. 112 gold, along- side. $9.00 Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. At wharf or by_ lighter ; inside bar, no interrup- tion ; outside southerly wind's in November and December. $13. 80 10.95 Alongside.* Westphalian . Anthracite- English. Australian. None . New Zealand Australian . . . 1,300 500 100 1,300 Occasion- ally br'gi, inEng' ballast. 500 $9 to $12 $ld on wharf ; delivery 50 cts. ; ]0 cts. from veasel. I$15 to $20 $1.50 to get to ship. (9.60 f. o. b., when for sale. $10 (contract). $4.20 7.20 Delivery and stowing 18 to 24 eents. At pier or by lighters ; 75 tons per day. By lighters . By lighters . By small boats; slow; no interruption. Alongside hulkj rapid; occasional cyclones from December to. March. Cyclones In January and February. By lighters; best facili- ties here in New Zeal- a'nd ; 100 tons per day ; no interruption. * German contract prices. t 'Welsh in private hands ; Australian all in Government hands ; no coal at Eairoa Island, ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 67 ports, together with the tisual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Coutinued. Government coaling Btations in Ticinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. U. S. ; 1,263 antliraoite. 100 feet to 100 yards. None San Fran- cisco. Honolnla . ....do Qne marine railway for vessels of 1,400 tons ; 50 cents per ton ilrst day; 25 cents there- after. One. • Jaluit.... Pago-Pago Pijilsl'ds. do None 2,000 ton a Anstralian. German, contract. TJ. S.; 1,300 300 to 400 yards Can anchor 100 fathoms from pier. on hand. !N" o n e ; at None Enssell, New Zeal- and. ....do None None. Sava con- tractor has 100 tons for British ves- sels. Bussell, New Zeal- and. "Whangarei depot. Jfone Extensive; quality good. Several large works. : German Government contract, 1887-'90 ; for Westphalian, $12.73 ; Australian, $11. § United States coal worthless from exposure. 58 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal io "be Itad at the following Pacific Station Name of port. Wbangavei, New Zcalaad, Auckland, Now Zealand. Wellington, New Zealand, Lyttleton, New Zealand. Dunediu, New Zealand. Brisbane, Q u een aland, Australia. New c'astle, New South "Wales, Aus- tralia. Sydney, New South "Wales, Australia. M e 1 b oil r n e , Vic toria, Australia. Hobart Town (Australia), Tasmania. Launceston, Tasmania. Date, Nov. 1883. Aug. 1886. Nov. 1S85. Nov., 1883. Nov., 1883. Dec., 1884. Oct., 1885. Dec, 1884. 1886. Kind of coal on band. New Zealand Australian. ,. New Zealand , Australian New Zealand Australian — Welsh New Zealand . Australian New Zealand Australian... Australian.. Australian... Australian; "BulU" con- sidered the best. Australian... Australian. Tons of each at date. 1,000 500 1,000 500 1,200 600 1,?50 650 Demand equals supply. "Very large num- ber. Average tons on hand during year. 500 1,600 1,800 1,900 Mined ac- cord 'g to demand. 1, 500, 000 exported annually. Practically unlim- ited. 12, 500 10, 000 1, 000 to 1, 500. Coat per ton. $4.20 7.20 Delivery aud stowing, 1810 24 cents. ' H- -0 $7.50 f. o. b. $4.90 0.10 , 9.50 Delivery and stowinp, 18to 24 cents. $4.20 7.20 Delivery and stowing, 18 to 24 cts. $4.20 7.20 Delivery and stowing, 18 to 24 cts. $3.12 Lighterage to the bay, $1,32. $2.64 ; stowing, 25 eta. ].04, deliv- ered on board. 15.28, on the pier ; $5.52, on board. ]\Iiinm*r of coaling, rapid or slow, etc By lighters; alou'; no in- terruption. By lighters; rapid; bas- kets of 150 lbs. ; small vessels coal from chute; nointeiTuption. By lighters; subject to interruption. By lighters and baskets ; not very rapid ; no in- terruption. By lighters and baskets ; not very rapid ; no in- terruption. Less 16 feet draught, go up river to city, and coal from points owned by collieries; moie than 16 feet, coal in bay. By powerful hydraulic cranes, in any weather ; coal brought to pier in cars of 10 tons eacb. By large steam colliers, with steam winches, in any weather. From hulks or steam col- liers ; rapid ; no inter- ruption. $5. 84 From hulk alongside ; steam winohes. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMIXOtJS COAL VOR NAVAL USE. f) X>oris, together icUJi the usual suppJtj on hand, cost, etc.— Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Xone -. French Govt. has 3,000 to 5,000 tons at NewCaledo- nia. None Distance froai coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in viciiiitj'. Xone . None . !N"one . If on 6 . None . None . Kailroad cars come along- bide on wharf. ^ mile Extensive Extensive qnality good. Extensive 65 miles in- land by rail ; good qual ity. Extensive ; quality good! Quite exten sive and of good quality. Quiteexten'- sive and of ffood quality. Several mines capa- bleoflargf expansion. Extensive; 1,750,000 annually. Coal hnlks in vicinity of anchorage. Now 100 to 200 yards from ■water's edge. Limit-cd . Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry - dock. Limited; poor qual- ity ; good, inland, too remote for w rkin g at present. Ku ssel] , None . New Zeal- and. ; Whangarei One 300 by 4G by 13J ; 1 building, 500 by 81 bv 33. Lyttleton - 1 ?51ip that will take ves- ' sel of 2,000 tons. ^Tellind'n Dunodiu Lytiletou Newcastle Sydney, Melbourne Newcastle . Sydney ... iTerooume One dry-dock, 450 by 62 by 22^. Odo dry-dock, 320 by 45 by 18i at Vort Chal- niHrs; 1 lioatiiig, 170 by 4U. One dry-dock ; draught of 15 feet at neap and 17 at spring tides ; 315 by GO by 18 (to be lengthened to 420). One patent slip for ves- sels of 1,500 tons regis- ter. Several ; largest has capacity of 5.000 tons ; 409 by 60 by 19 J 450 bv 58 by 20^ ; 1 buildin*:, 600 by 84 by 30, to" be finished Jan., 1889. Two, Alfred graving, 459 b.v80 entrance (55.i bot- tom ),by 21^ low water; charges for vessels over GOO gross tons 14 to GJ cents per ton ; double rates fur days of docking and un- docking; floating dock, 154 by 37 by Hi; charges 18 cents per ton for days of dock- ing and undocking, and 8 eta. for lay days. Two hydraulic slips ; 1 capable of taking 1, 000 tons gross measure- ment. Eloating-dock, 130 by 37. Machine shops a which steamers can repair. Several large worli Several large work Two foundries ar machine shop; ordinary repaii's Several large work Several large work One can bui) steiimerscomplet Three. Several ; large r pairs usually doL at Sydney. Several; 70. to shears and a 7i ton hammer. Yes ; and renairs. For small repairs. 60 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL VO^ NAVAL USE. No. l.—ExUUt of coal to he had at the following Pacific Station Kame of port. Date. Hind of coal on hand. Tons of L'acli at date. Average tons on baml daring year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or alow, etc. Adelaide, S. Australia. Albany, West Australia. Matapi, Hen- derson Island (New Britain). Dec, 1883. Oct., 1885. Jan., 1886. Australian ... Australian Australian, "Westplialian. 8,000 1,800 1,200 1,200 1,000 $7.68 ; at Sema- phore anchor- age, $8.88. $10.20; stow- ing, 60 c. per ton. •$U. 58 From hulks; rapid; at Semaphore anchorage delay possible in win- ter months. From hulks ; rapid ; no interruption. By lighters; slow; 50 to 100 tons a day. ExhiMt of coal to ie had at the following Asiatic Station Petropaulow- aki, Russia. May, Less than 1,000 1885. "Vladivostot, Russia. Aug., 1866. Saghalin Ample St pply.... $10Mex By large lighters; very slow. Welsh, Aus- tralian, Ta- kasima. $15. 00 By lighters ; rapid pan. Yokohama, Ja- pan. 1884. Welsh, Taka- sima, patent fuel. 2, 000 to 3, 000. 2,500 By lighters ; rapid Dec, 1884. None - - . Teddo Bay. > Hiogo, Japan .. Nov., 1883. Anthracite ... Takasima Karatzu Shimagawa . - . Miike 460 2,000 750 450 800 1 \ j. 2,500. $12. 60 6.00 5.75 $5, delivered and, stowed. By 15-ton lighters ; rapid; typhoon int-errupts in August, September.and October. Nagasaki, Ja- pan.t 1836. Takasima Welsh 5,000 Small . . . . 5, 000 Small. $5.00 By lighters ; rapid • German contract price, October, 1887 : Westphalian, $13.80; Australian, $10.47 ; alongside t Dockyard is in course of construction in the bay of Hiroshima. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL, UdL. ports, together iHlli the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Coutiuued. Gi Government coaling stations in vicinity. "None . British ; pro- posed. ISone . Distance from coal x>ile to ship. Coal mill- ing in vicinity. 'Neat near- est coal- ing port. In hulks . In hulks . 200 yards. None .Melbourne, None . Cooktown {poor}. IS" umber and size of dry- docks. Syp for vessels of 1,500 j dry-dock building, 260 by — by 26. None Machine shops at 'n'hich steamers can repair. Several, besides Governm't works. None. None. ports J together with the usual supply on hand, coU, etc. HuBsian, at Vladivostok. Knssian . British; 1,000 tons Taka- i to J mile . Dui ; Sa- Hakodate.^ Nono . ghalin. { DuL; Sa- ghalin. Hakodate . yokobama. Govt, hydraulic ; 2 sec- tionscompleted; when iinished will take the Vladimir Monomach. ;At Takasi- ma. Kobe. Yokohama None . Xakasima. Nagasaki, Yokohama. Kobe, Shanghai Saasebo. See Tokosuka, C o n - Ktruction ot" dock in contemplation (1888). Three ; largest, 459^ by U44by28J. Charges for 1,200 touii (gross), $550 lor 3 first days, and $75 aday thereafter; above 1,200 tons, 45c. ton addi* lioiial 3 first days, and 5c. afterward; between 300 and 1,200 tons, $350 to $.325. and $35 to $75 after CO days. One; also one at Osaka; 250 by 50 by 11. Eiver bar shallow. One; 431 by 89 by 22 neap and 27 spring tides ; 1 maiiue railway, 1,200 gross tons. Charges about same as at Yoko- snka. None. At Yokosnka; ex tensive. Excellent. Large ship-bnilding yards. Shops at Osaka. Excellent. U-1 ANTHKACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhihitof coal to he had at the following Asiatic Staiion Name of port. Sassebo, Japan . Tiontsin, China Chemulpo, Corea. 'New Chwang, China. Chefoo.ChiDa. Shangh'-i,(Jhina Date. Kind ol' coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Avorago lona on hand during year. Ichang, China. Dec, 1887, Oct., 1883, May, 1885. Jan., 1885. "Nov.. 18 S3. Aug., 1885. Haukow, China. Kiu-Eiang, China. Chin-Kiang, China. Ningpo, China. Oct. 1883. Oct, 1883. Sept. 1881. Tahasinia Miike Chinese... Japanese . K'ative, hard- Native, soft.. Japanese Keelung Cardiff Australian. Japanese .. Anthracite .. . Cardiff Australian... Japanese Chinese . Anthracite, bituminous {none fit for st'rs' use, no market). None . I Ample 8npx>ly- 1,100 2,938 2, 5O0 Xo regular supply. 130 20 100 30 Bituminous . Anthracite . . Formosa Australian , 1,000 to 1,500 Small. .. 1,000 15, 000 30, 000 Cost per ton. Steamers coal at Chefoo. 3,000 to 4,000 Small... None . 10, 000 2,000 1,100 GOO "Very small. Small.. - None. . 3,0O0f 1,000 3 $2.20 to $2.65 f. 0. b. $0.30 to $7.56 $6.30 to $8.82, delivered. (Highest fig- ure is retail price.) Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. From wharf 'near coal- yard; by baskets; no interruption. $6 to $13; de- livery, 50c. : stowing, 20c. $14. 00 12.00 8.00 $12. 00 Hex. 9. 25 Hex. 9. 25 Mex. $5. 00 to 5. 25 Subjectto25p. ct. variation. For mining $6, with expense of keeping added. Less delivery, $2. 75 ; at the mines, $1 to $7.00 8.00 Delivery and stowing, 10c. p. ton. $9.50 11.50 Delivered. By lighters ill-fitted for the service; slow; lia- ble to interruption from high winds in March, April, October, and No- vember. Port closed from middle November to end March. By lighters ; tolerably rapid ; in winter winds interrupt. By lighters; rapid; interruption. "With coolies and has- kets ; vef y rapid ; no interruption except from heavy rain. With coolies and bas- kets ; very rapid ; no interruption excepl; from heavy rain. By lighter; very rapid; NE. gales in winter liable to interrupt. By sampans: 50 tons in bunkers in 3 hours; liable to interruption . in AugustandSeptem- ber from typhoons. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOli NAVAL USE. 63 portSj iogellier with the usual supphj on hand, cost, efc— Coutinued. Government cojiUu^ stations in YJcinitj'. Japanese . None . Cliineso, at Tooa liun- Iso-oo; Ja- panese. None . Diatnnco from coul vilrtu 100 to j'OO yards 50 yards from anohoraffe of a gunboat. 100 yds. from pile to lighter, thence 5 to 3 mil^s. Kono 100 to eOO yds None Few rods None From a few rods to J m. None i mile Co.t] min- iuis, in vicinity. Miike. Chinese Gov. mine GO miles N. K. of Tien- tsin ; 200 tons daily average. To small extent. None . Next near- est coal- ing port. Nagaeki . . Che ''00.... None . Limited to native use, At Tunau, not eston- sive. Trip to mines and back 30 to 60 daya. On Poyanff Lake, soft coal. In- termit- tently car- ried on. None . None (near- est at Han g- _ Chow). Chef 00. Number ,'ind sizo of dry- docks. None now; 2 large ones to be built. One dry-dock at Taku, mouth of Peiho Kiver, 340 by 40 by 13. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. Shanghai, Tientsin (in winter closed hy ice). Nagasaki . Shauze(8! miles). Shanghai, Shanze. Hankow . . ■W"uhu(100 miles up the river). Shanghai . None . None . Five; 4.50 bv 80 by 18 to 21; 300 by 45 by 14; 345 bv 70 by 10; 380 by 70 bv 16; 380 by 57 by 17; not suitablQ for armored ships. Charges $250 to $400 fer 2 daya ; $50 to $85 a day there&,fter. None None . None . None . None . Full dock yard equip- ment in 1891, All kinds at Govern- ment w orka at Taku. None. None. Several large works. None, None. None. None. 64 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE, Exhibit of coal io ie had at the following Asiatic Station If ame of port. Foochow, Chi- Amoy, China. . Swatow, China. Keeluns, Tam- sni,* Formo- Hong-Kong, China (Br.). Canton, China.. Hoikow, Hai- nan. Saigon, Cochin China, t Bangl^ok, Siam. Manilla, Philip- pine Islands. CaTite,Manilla. Labnan Island, NW. ooastof Borneo. Date. Mlar. 1885. Oct., 1883. Oct., 1883. Nov., 1883. Nov., 1886. Apr., 1881. Kind of coal on hand. Australian. ■Welsh Formosan. . Cardiff Australian. Formosan... Formosan. — LevanLevan. . Obt'datTam- eui in lim'd quantities. Cardiff Australian- . tTapaneae . . . Chinese English..... Japanese . . Cardiff, (small) Tons of each at date. 300 300 Variable, 50 1,200 30'0 Small . Unknown 37, 400 28. 400 34, 500 600 1,900 Small - Average tons on hand during year. 600'^ > 1,700^ Feb., 1886. Feb., 1887. Welsh . Scotch . Australian. Cardiff..... Native . 500 ; 700; 3, 000 ) 2, opo 5 3,000 :■ 100, 000 Small . Cost per ton. $13. 00 17.00 B.ro Stowing 10 Ota. $11. 00 10.00 7.00 Delivered. $4, large ; nut coal $2.50 to $3 at the mine. $9.28 6.82 6.48 I 8.50 Delivery and stowing 35o. (Mex). $7.00 12.00 Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. By lighters; interrupted only in typhoon sea- son; steam 1 a u n ch available; not a usual coaling port. By lighters; tolerably rapid ; no interruption. By small boats; 5 to IS tons ; depends on weather. By lighters, 500 tons daily ; rarely inter- rupted, and then by high winds. '800 ; ,ooo; $13. 60 off city; $22 at outer anchorage. $7 f. o. b. 9 f. 0. b. At wharf or by lighters.- Hurricanes from August to November. At pier.. * At Tamsui no regulars trade ; coal must be contracted for in advance — a two weeks notice, t Can be obtained. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 65 ports, together mtJi the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. GoTemment coaling stations in vicinity. C liin e s e 3, to 4,000. For- mosa coal in arsenal. If one A Govt, col- liery 6 miles east of Kee- 1 n n g (col- lapsing). British, large quantity. ChineseGv't. lias small deposits for Itsownnse. Distance from coal pile to ship. i mile. i to 1 mile.. Short. i to I mile. . Coal min- ing in vicinity. Keelnng, Pormosa. None . Next near- est coal- ing port. Carried on to extent of demand. 30, 000 to 50,000 tons. None.. Siamese, 500 tons. Spanish, 6,000 to 7,000 tons. British, 2,000 to 3,000. In river a few Ifeet; at outer anchorage 30 miles. 1 mile. None . None; coal on island ofCeylon poor. Amoy Tamsni, Keelnng. Amoy, Hong-Kong Foochow. Amoy, !Foo. chow, Ma- nilla. Hong-Kong Hong-Kong Singapore. Manilla, Bangkok. Singapore Hong-Kong Manilla. Number and size of dry- docks. On island. Singapore One dry -dock at Pagoda anchorage, 380onLXocks, by 50 feet entrance; water on sill, neap, 13 ; spring, 17 feet. One dry-dock 300 by 60 by 16 ; 2 small docks for coasters. None. Eight; largest 534 by 86 by 29. Charges, from 300tol,l60ton8 (gross), $200 to $495 (Mex.); above 1,100 45 cts. ton for 3 days, and 7 cts. ton afterwards. Five dry-docks (not in repair), ^50 by — . Govt, floating, 320 by 75, 4,000 tons. One ; 380 by 65 by 12 to 13 on sill at spring tides. Slip bailding, 1,309 tons. Slip, 270 by 36 by 26 high water. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. In connection with docks, and at impe- rial ars^ial. Ordinary repairs at dry-dock. None. Ample — shears, etc. Not in working or- der. Shop connected with dry-dock; light re- pairs. Govt, shop for small repairs. Yes. 11369 C D- 66 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Mxliihit of coal to he had at the following Asiatic Station Kamo of port. FnloLaut, Bor- neo. Kotei, Borseo. -Ternate, Mo- Inccas. Amboina, Mo- luccas. Bima, Sumba^ wa Island. Sourabaya, Java. Batavia, Java. Singapore, Ma- lacca. Deli, Sumatra. . Fenang, Ma- lacca. Acheen, Suma- tra. Fadang, Suma- tra. Date. Feb., 1887. Feb., 1887. Feb., 1887. Feb., 1887. Feb., 1887. Aug., 1885. Feb., 1887. Feb., 1887. Mar., 1886. Jan., 1887. Feb., 1886. Oct., 1883. Kind of coal on baud. Foor quality. ....do. Cardiff Australian. Cardiff. Newcastle . Australian. Cardiff Newcastle . Australian. Borneo Japanese . . None-. ■Welsh . Cardiff Australian. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. Supply uncertain. .do . Small supply l^ept at these ports by Netherlands India Steam, ship Company. 3,000 3,ooo; • Large supply . Ldo 42,000 900 8, 500" 1,600 4,000 110, 000 4,000 No regular supply. 700 2,000 3,000 Cost per ton. $12. 00 $12. 00 $12. 00 $9 to $11 $5 to $7 $11. 25 1. 80 to $8. 40 f *$9. 25 I 8.00 6.00 $4 to $6 ( (Mex.). At wharf; stowing 5 to 15 cents; lighterage 40to75cts. $10.50 (Mex.).. No market price; de- livery 48c. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. By lighters of 30 tons ca- pacity. Liable to interruption in wet season &om No- vember to March ; rapid. At wharf with baskets ; by lighters in roads; rapid at wharf; mod- erately fast at anchor- age; liable to interrup- tion in bay. By lighters and bags; liable to interruption. At wharf, or by light- ers; slow; lia{>leto in- terruption from winds from Oct. lo March. ~ ikrman Government contract (October, 1887); for 'Welsh, $7.78 alongside; $7.90 stowed; 36 cents uviiii iu roadsi ANTHRACITE AND BITIJMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 67 ports, together with the usual supply on hand, etc. — Continued. Government coaling^ stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to snip. Goal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Hacliine shops at whicii steamers can repair. Sonrabaya None . .do. None - Sonrabaya and Ma- nila. Sonrabaya- -do. Dntch - Dntcli; on Onmst Isl- and. British, on inland Bulo Brane ; 2,- 500 tons; German , contract, at Singapore. Onehonr'stow At wharf, 40 to 50 yards ; in roads, more than a mile. None; on Borneo, poor. AtSadung, Borneo, or Bmni River. La- bnan Isl- and; good coal. Batavia. . Souraba- ya, Sin- gapore. Penang, Batavia. Two floating ; largest 293by73by — ;one dry- dock for small craft. One government at Onrust, large enough for any vessel; two small private docks. Five largest : 470 by 60 by 21. One. At Onmst ; also two private shops. Several; all repairs except castings; 40-ton shears. None . Singapore. None . None . 2 sheds on Fe- nanglsland, 2 mUes from anchorage; 1 shed at dock, 4 miles. None . .do. One; 275 by 50 by 12 low water, at mouth of Prye Eiver, opposite Penang Island. None. Two; ordinary re- pairs; 20-ton shears. Dntch; at PnloBrasse, Dutch; t Eng- lish, 1,450; B orneo, 350. None - If at wharf, 100 yards. None; rich Batavia. deposits. None . Small. None. t Yery little coal, and that for private use. 68 ANTHRACITE AXD BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE, Exhibit of coal to be had at the following Asiatic Station Kanio of iiort. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Cardiff Newcastle Scotch Australian — Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Bassi-iii, Biir- niah, India. 600 1,700 2,300 1,660 5, 000 to 6,000 $9.20 to $10.50- $7.36 to $8.S!8 On board. Stowing, 46 cents. By lighters ; fair ; no interruption. Rangoon, India. Oct., 1883. Cardiff 2,500 $8.20 Cooliee with baskets; tolerably rapid ; no in- terruption. 3,000 Scotcli Australian Moulmein, Brit- Isli Barmah. Oct., 1883. Akyab, India.. Oct., 1883. Scotoli Welsh English 600 600 500 $9.66 Stowing $1. 00 By lighters; slow; lia^ ble to interruption from Apr. to Oct. Cbittagong, In- dia.* Oct., 1883. 200 to 300 $11. 50 Delivery and stowing, 24 cents. Slow; no interruption... Calcutta, India. Oct., 1883. Native Welsh.. 1,000 4,000 400 $3. 60 to $4. 60 $9.30 $4. 60 to $6. 50 By boats; rapid; liable to interruption in May and October. 25, 000 Madias, India. . Nov., 1883. Australian Welsh 370 $9.66 $10. 12 Delivery and stowing, 82 cents. In bags; rapid; liable to int-erruption in May and from October to December. 1,000 Poll di cherry, India. Auj;., 1883. Welsh (poor) . . Good a upply. High Nogapatum, In- July, 1883. Welsh 5,000 High f Jaffna, inland of Ceylon. ' Coal owned by Notherland Steamship Company (India). ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 6 portSj together witli the usual snp2)li/ oih-hanHj costj etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Koue; Govt, contract- ors at Kan- goon have branches atfoar lead- ing ports of Burmah. Indian; Car- diff, 1,500; English, 700. None . None . British, at TTincoma- lee. "Welsh on hand. None . Distance from coal pile to ship. •Coal rain- ing in vicinity. , Coal pile near river bank ; by coolies to lighters, thence to ship; itolj miles. 1 mile. . i mile. J to J mile . 750 yards . None . None . None . None . In Bengal, x.ooo.ooo output. None . Next near- est coal- ing port. Rangoon . A kyab, Bassein, Moulmein, Calcutta. Bangoon. Chitta- gong, alcnt- ta, Ban- goon. Calcutta . Point de Galle. Galle. Co- lombo. Madras.. Madras . Number and size of dry- docks. None . Gridiron; 350 by 50. Small one : 170 by 44 by llj. None . None . Eleven; Upper Union, 352 by 55 by 20-24 ; Low- er Union, 340 by 72 by 18-22; Calcutta, 350 by 50 by 18i-20^; others Bmaller; length given is on blocks. None . None - Machiuo sbops at ^vbicb stt;amera can repair. For small repaii-s. Yes. None. None. Five. For simple repairs Small. 70 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL TTSK. ExMhit of coal to be had at the following Asiatic Station Name of port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand daring year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slo'w, etc. Trincomalee, Ceylon. Point de G-alle, Ceylon. Colomho, Cey- lon. Bombay, India. i887. Oct., 1887. Dec, 1886. Dec, "Welsh, (Govt.) Cardiff.... Australian English ■Welsh English ■Welsh English Small. By lighters ; rapid . Karrachee, In- dia. Bushire, Persia Dec, 1886. ■Welsh.. English. Nov., 1886. 15, 000 2,000 ■ 100, 000 20, 000 0, 000 J 40, 000 $7.90 alongside, .$8.U stowed.* $8.63 $8.03 6.25 to $7 f. o. b. By lighters from the Deach ; in bags ; rapid. By lisrhters; in bags; rapid; nointermption. By lighters; rapid; lia- ole to interruption from May to November. 1,000 1,200 2,000 Not to be relied upon. $7.80; 39 cts. additional for delivery and stowing. $11. 42 By 15-ton lighters ; 8 tons an hour. Exhibit of coal 1o be had at the following European Station Peterhead, Scot, land. Aberdeen, Scot land. Dundee, Scot- land. Burntisland, Scotland. 1886. 1886. Sept., 1883. Scotch . Scotch.. English. Scotch. 1,500 1,500 Large supply ... J 60, 000 100, 000 to 150, 000 $2.50 to $3.50 unscreened, stowed. $2.25 to $2.75. $3.75 to $4.25. Stowing 25 to 37 cts. $2.16. Stow ing 16 cts. Eapid ; rarely inter- rupted by heavy snow. At docks, by wagons. By lighters; rapid ; in winter, in river liable to interruption. Chute and hydraulic tips; rapid; no inter- ruption. * Grermau Government contract prices for ■Welsh. ports, together loith the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Contmued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port,. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops which steame: can repair. Imperial . - . . None. At Trinco- 1 to 1 mile from anchor- age to beach. Coal-sheds on beach, 500 to 1,000 yards. imile Kone ^one Kone Colombo-. Point de Galle. Knrrachee Bomb.ay ., Knrrachee None For slight repai Two ; small rep coffer dam. malee. Ger- man, con- tract. K'one .. ...... The M. M. Co. has 6,000, the A nstro- Hnngarian Lloyd's 2, 000 tons. Imperial French at Mah6. Ten; largest (P. and 0,), 470 (436 on blocks) by 66 by 18-21 draught; 1 lioating(5,000 tons), 380 by 85 by 29. Dry-dock charges 39 cts. ton (gross) for Ist 1,000, and 20 cts., for each ad- ditional ton for 1st day ; $39 a day after- wards. Floating-dock, special agreement up to 2,000 tons ; npwards of that 29 cts. ton Ist day, $39 a day there- after; includes dock- ing, scraping, and painting. & Creddar, Br dia S. N. CamacIronW"< Bowick&Stepl Two; ordinary pairs. ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. None . None . None . Brought di- rect from 8 to 25 miles . None . 40 miles distant ; 6,000 tons a day. 2,00 0,000 annual output. Aberdeen. Montrose, Peter- head. Burntis- land. Leith . Two; largest, 190 by 35 by 15. One; 524 by 50 by 20; 3 slips; largest, 1,000 tons. Two; largest, 510 on blocks \tj 53 by 20. None . Good ones. Large ones; 70 crane. None. 72 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to he had at Ihe following European Station Name of port. Date Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at dato. Average tons on hand during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Leith, Soot- Oct., 1883. Scotch Not kept on hand. K. E. to collieries 15 miles. Large or dersnlled at short notice. Large su ....do... $2.40 free on board. Stow- ing 12c.to 10c. By hydraulic cranes; very rapid; no inter- ruption. land. Blytb, England ITortli Shields, (England. Sonth Shields, ....do England. Newoastle-on- English ....do Tyne, Eng- land. Sunderland, ....do England. West Hartle- ...,do -- pool, England. Middlesbor- ough, Eng- Grimshy, Eng- 1880. • land. Hull, England . Large su Sheeruess, Eng- land. Chatham, Eng- - land. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 73 porta, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, ele. — Continued. Government coaling fitatioDS in vicinity. Kone . Distance from coal pile to ship. 10 to 25 miles to collieries. Kailroad. Coal min. ing in vicinity. Very ex- tensive. Extensive. Extensive; 4,000,000. Next near, est coal- ingport. Burntis- land. Tynemonth Sunder- land, New castle. .do. T y n e - month, Sunder- land. Tynemouth Hiddles- boroagh. WMtby. . Hull. Grimsby. Tilbury. .do. Number and size of dry- docks. Seven; largest. Prince of Wales, 370onblooks by 70 by 20i-22. One; 216 on blocks by 32 by 11}; a small floating dock. Three; largest, 295 by 48 by 16. Nine dry and 3 floating ; largest, dry, 430 by 46 by 22; another to be made 500 by 50 by 22. Two; Hawthorn & Co. 's (Yarrow) , 450 by 68 by 21; Palmer's (Heb- bnm), 440 by 70 by 17 ; Wsdlsend Slipway take vessel 320 feet long, 3,000 tons. Six; largest, 427 by 45 by 16}. Four; largest (S. E. K'w'yCo.'s),550by50 by 19. One ; 500 by 50 by 16J ; slip, 1,500 t«ns. Pour ; largest, 350 by 70 by 20. Twelve ; largest, 550 by 65 by 21i. Pivej largest, 253 by 63.4 by 25J. Seven; largest, 410 by 82 by 32. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. Several large ship- building and re- pair shops. Building facilities. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Dock-yard; any re- pairs. Do. ExhiUt of coal to be had at the following European Siation Name of port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Tilbury, Eng- land. Ijondon, Eng- land. 1887. do $4.00 do ' . Englimd. Southampton, Aug., 1884 Welsh do $0.36f o.h.... By lighters England. England. Plymonth, Eng- DevonportjEng- land. Falmouth, Eng- land.* Sept., 1883. "Welsh 2,000 1,800 $4.56 to $4.80 stowed in hunkers. From hulk alongside; 10 to 30 tons an hour ; exceptionally heavy weather in winter in- terrupts. ScUly Islands, Great Brit- ain. Sept., 1883. ....do . 3,000 350 $5.52 to $5.76 f.o.h. Coal hnlk In deep water ; rapid; heavy gale in- terrupts. Appledore.Eng- 1886. Bristol, Eng- 1886. Local land. ITewport, Eng- ....do land. * On entering, signal. Pox— C. W. T. L. Coal immediately, P. J. Hulks will be towed out to meet steamer. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 75 ports, iogeiher with the usual supply on hand, cost, e(c.— Continued. GoTemment coaling statious in vicinity. ITona - None ITil Distance from coal.pUe to sliip. NU. Coal min- ing in vicinity. None . N&ne . Next near- est coal- ing port. London.-. Tilbnry. Sonthamp- ton. Por t s- month. .do. Number and size of dry- docks. Falmonth- ,.do. Plymouth. Falmouth. Cardiff.. Newport, Cardiff. Cardiff, Sristol. Four; 2 of 32 and 2 of 27fBetdranght, O. S. T. Forty; Eoyal Albert, 620 by 68 by 22; West India, 466 by 64 by 21; Thames Iron Works, 430 by 65 by 18-23. Fourteen at dock-yard ; take largest Tassels ; one, corporation, 349 by 50 by 17i. Four; largest, 523 by 8 by 25. One; 331 by 56 by 17. Two; largest, 450 by 80 by 18. Four at dock-yard ; largest, 415J by 73 by 31; three at Keybam, one417iong, 27draught. Two; largest, 510 by 71 by 22J. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. Fifty-ton shears. Numerous. At dock-yard. Building facilities. None . Two; largest^ 321 by 42 by 17. Five; largest, Albion, 522 by 421 by 14i. Three; largest, 515 by SO by 20. Dock-yard; building faciuties at Key- ham. Tes ; iron Tessels built and repaired. None. 76 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to be had at the following European Station Average K'ameef port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. tons on hand during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Cardiff, Wales . Cardiff, Large supply $2.52 to $'!.04 f. 0. b. In docks; rapid; no in- terruption. Sept., 1883. Welsh ....do $2.70f.o.b.... Eapid; no intermption.. Wales.* Llanelly, Wales Sep+.., I8i53. Welsh Anthracite — 2,500 2,500 100 to 200 received daily and shipped. $2.46 2.40 do 1886. Welsh anthra- cite. 400 400 $4.38 f.o. b.... do Large sn amlv Wales. • Holyhead, Wales. ....do LlTerpool, Sag- ...do Barrow, Eng- land. ....do Ayr, Scotland.. 1886 ....do 1886 Scotland. Sept., 1883. Welsh Scotch 400 3,000 J 3, 000 C$5.52 Alongside wharves; saves lighterage, but incurs harbor dues ; 40 tons an hoar; no in- terruption. Scotland. ) $2.16 to $2.52; lighters ge,36 cents ; stow- ing, 36 cents. * Most important port of Bristol Channel. ANTHEACITK AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 77 ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Contin jed. '^ToiSS'e"' Distance from Coal inin- ! Nextnear- BtationBin coal pile to i ingin «t ..->oi- Ticinity^ Bhip. Ticinity. Kone . NU. Extensive If one - est coal- ing port. Coal sent to Tes. steamer. I Nevrport, Cardiff, Newport. Number and size of dry- docks. Nine; largest, 580 by 60 by 23; one iloating 4,500 tons. Eight ; largest, 350 by 47 by 21J. None 50 yards 1 Extensive ! Bnrypoit . Marinerailway, 8O0 tons. Machine shops at 'which 8t«amer8 can repair. Numerous. Several Do. None . LlaneUy ..I One; 300 by 46 by 15-16. Milford... One, Government, 350 feet long; two private, largest, 250 by 48 by llj" Liverpool.; Three; largest, 402 by 70 by 20. Dock-yard; hulls bnUt Yes. Tes. Nil ; anchor- age 1 mile from wharf. 20 miles distant. Barrow. White- haven. Greenock Greenock Ardroasan Twenty-four; largest, 948 by 60 by 25 ; small- est, 277 feet long; several large ones at Birkenhead, o p p o - site; charges, |lu.20 up to 100 tons, and $1.46 for every 50 ad- ditional up to 4,000, for two tides. One; SOOby 60by20 ; one floating, 5,000 tons; charges, from 200 to 2,000 tons register, £2 to £20, for two tides ; entrance fee £2 addi- tional. One slip, 2,000 tons., One; 224 by 39J by 12-16 Five ; largest, 635 by OOJ by20; chargesaameas at Glasgow; 1 at Port Glasgow, 322 by 45 by 15. Extensive ship- building works. Ship and engine building works. Ordinary repairs. Several ship and engine building works. 78 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to he had at the following European Station Uiune of port. Date. Kind of ooal on hand. Tons of onch at date. Average tons on hand during year. Coat per ton. Maunex'of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Durabarton, Large sunnlv _ Scotland. Glasgow, Scot- laud. Londonderry, Ireland. Carriokfergus, Ii'eland. Belfast, Ireland Dublin, Ireland ■ Waterford, Ire- Sept., 1883. Sept., 1883. Sept., 1883. ■^^elsh Welsh Welsh Small . . . $4,80 stowed.. $5.28 to $0.00 stowed. ....do Alongside wharf-hoats ; 100 tons a day; in bags. By lighters and baskets ; no iutorruption. At wharf; by carts and baskets.* laud. Queenstown, Ireland. Cork, Ireland . . 1,200 2,000 1,200 2,000 Limerick, Ire- laud. Sligo, Ireland.. Bergen, Nor- way. Jan., 1834. 1 English Sootoh 8,000 i 10, 000 ai.2o •) W.16 S 18 ots. per tou stowing. Bapld ; no interruption. Welsh 4,, 000 * Qneeustowu is a better coaling place. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 79 portSj together with usual supply on han^j costj etc. — Continued. Grovernnient coaling stations in vicinity. Nope . British ; sev- eral thon- sand tons. None . None on west coast. Distance from coal pile to ship. imile., 1 mile . 1 mile . Stores close to aca ; only a few yards. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Authra- ^ cite, 3 miles in- 1 a n d; used for kilns. None , None . None . Next near- est coal- ing port. Greenock . Greenock . Belfast . Belfast . Dublin . Waterford Quoeus- town. Milford . Queens- town, MUford. Gal way . Number and size of dry - docks. Two; one 300 by 41 by 11; other larg«r. Three; largest, 575 by 70 bv22; charges, $11 for firstlOOtons, and$1.80 for each additional 50 tons. One; 314 by 50 by 14^; charges, $18.71 ; $52.73 for vessels of 100 to 1,200 tons register. One; 165 by 33 by 8i. Three; largest, 470 by GO byl5i ; lelip, 1,000 tons. Four; largest, 412 by 70 by 16 ; charges, 12 eta. per register ton for first tide, li c^nts for each tide thereafter. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. None . Stavanger . At Passage West, docks will take heavy dranghtvessels; Gov- ernment dock at Kaal* bowline, 485 by 94 by Three; largest, 480 by 54 by 16-19 J 365 by 82 by 19-21. Three; 428 by 45 by 17; 1 floating, 810 by 70 by 18-23. Three; largest, 251 by 66 by 15; 1 slip, 2,000 tons. Ship and engine building works. Do. Ship-building yard. Ship and engine building works. Good ones. One small shop. Several ; no b eavy forging. Facilities for iron- ship building. Ordinary repairs. T wo large ship- building yards and shops ; 2 small re- pair shops; 2 wooden ship y'ds j 80 ANTHEACITB AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. IlxMbit of coal to 5e had at the following European Station Htsime «f i)ort. Sta vanger, Norway. Christiausaiid, Norway. Aiendal, Nor- way. Horten, Nor- way. Cliristiania, Norway. Gothenburg, Sweden. Malmo, Sweden Xarlskrona, Sweden. Norrkoping, Sweden. Stockholm, Sweden. iTau., 1884. Sept., 1883. Dec., 1883. Gefle, Sweden.. Sept. Date. Dec, Sept., Sept., 1883. 1886 Sept., 1883. Aug., 1885. Kind of coal on hand. English. Scotch.. Welsh . Scotch . English ( Welsh 3 English Welsh. English Welsh. English. Scotch . . English Scotch . English English. Welsh . . Tons of each at date. 2, OCO to 3,000 3,700 1,400 Average tons on hand during year. „ . , Manner of coaling, rapid Cost per toil. | or slow, etc. 10, 000 4,000 2,000 12, 300 2,500 500 1,500 15, 000 3,500 1,500 3,000 1,400 9,000 9, 000 2,000 12, 000 5,000 [$4.14 i I $3.66 i Stowing 18 c. per ton. $4.80 to $5.76.. $4.32 at pile ; $4.86 along- side; $5.40 in hunkers. $4.32 in hunk- ers. :3 to $1.50; stowing, 42 cents. $3.36 to $4.08 ; delivery and etowing, G2 cents per ton. $4.86 in bunk- ers. Delivery and stowing, 36 cents. $3 to $4 bunkers. Slow ; harbor protected except against N. W. In outer harbor; by lighters; Intertnption rare. By lighters ; 100 tons a day. Easy and rapid ; no in- terruption. With baskets or tubs ; not rapid ; seldom in- terrupted by gales in the autumn. At wharves ; in roads ; by lighters ; rapid ; heavy gales some- times interrupt. By lighters or at wharf ; rapid ; interrupted by ice from December to May. .$4.87 to $5.36 By lighters ; alongside wharf; rapid i no in- terruption. By 50 to 150 ton lighters ; rarely interrupted; most in November and December. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 81 ports, together ivith the usual supply on hand, cost, eic— Continaed. ^"SnT"* Distance from vicinity . ''•'P None . None . None . Kone TFone . None. Swedish, 4, 000 tons. None . Very short 60 to 100 yards to lighters, thence to anchorage. 1 to 2 cables' length. ln-bailding and engine works for all kinds of work. Dock-yard. One iron-ship build- ing yard and shops. ICepairs made to any extent. Seversil,ezcellenl: in- cluding dock-yard. None. Several Large; Grovtmment dock-yard. Of all kinds. Shops of all kinds. 86 ANTHRAClTJi AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. MxhiUl of coal to he had at tie following European Station Name of port. Date. Breraerhaven, Germany.* Amsterdam , HoUand.t Kotterdam, Holland. Flushing, Hol- land. Antwerp, Bel- gium. Westend, Bel- . , gium. Sept., 1883. Sept., D u n k i r k , Sept., Prance. 1883. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand dnring year. Oct., 1883. 1886. German. English . Newcastle . Yorkshire . German German. English . German. English. Calais, France . Boulogne-sur Mer, France.! Dieppe, France Havre, France. Sept., 1883. Sept., 1883. Sept., 1883 Sept., 1833. English. French'. CardlfiF.. 2,000 300 2,500 2,500 Larger amounts. 8,000 7,000 600 900 Cost per ton. 2,300 10, 000 12, 000 to 15, 000 Large supply 500 500 VYariabL English. French. English. Scotch . . ■Welsh.. 3,000 8,000 16, 000 Large su' 3.81 ; delivery and stowage 24 cents. $4.20 3.70 $3.40 to $3.89 stowed. $3.50 to $4.00 $4.50 to $4.80 Delivery and stowing 25 cts. $3.50 to $4.00 $4.50 to $4.80 Delivery and stowing, 25 cts. in har- b or; in roads, 60 cts. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Alongside Tcjiarf, by wheelbarrows. No in- terruption. At wharf, with baskets of li cwt. At anchor- age, by lighters and baskets. At wharves and by Ugh t- ers. Slow. Coal bagged. No interrup- tion. At wharves by bags ; by lighters, 200 tons per day; may be inter- rupted in roads from October to March. 3,000 300, 000 per year. .)ply.. C $4.00 \ $4.40 stowed. 6.60 stowed. $4.40 Delivery and stowing, 40o. $5.60 in bunk- ers. By lighters; ice may in- terfere in winter; in winter, treigbt 70 cts. per ton. Small lots from ware- houses; large lots di- rect from collier in harbor; rapid; severe weather interferes. * North German Lloyd steamers drawing 25 feot to 26 feet enter the port. t This German coal is stated to be as good as Welsh. The German transatlantic steamers and the Genuan admiralty use it almost exclusively. For teste, see page 139. IK^THfiAClTE AND felTUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. 87 porta, together with the viual supply on hand, cast, etc. — Continued. GoTernment coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Xext near- est coal- ing poit. Tsumher and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. None Kone A Dn toll Govt, sta- tion at Hellevoet - sluis. None 30 to 50 feet... Coal sheds close to wharves for steamers' use only (pri- vate). Eail- Toad runs alongside wharves. 1 to li miles... 1 to IJ miles... None; hut coal can he had from mines in 48 hours. None ; coal mines at West- phalia. Freight is 97 cts. to $1.21 per ton. None None Norden- hamm. Any Dutch port. Schiedam, Delfshaven Middlehnrg Five ; largest, 370 by 58 hy 19J. Two; largest, 402 by 56 by 18; iflflating; lar- gest, 401 by 63.4 by 17.2. Two dry-docks can he made one. 295 hy 60 by 30. 157 by 60 hy 30. (6,000 tons). One dry-dock 243 by 16 by 13 ; 1 dry-dock at Middleburg 413 by 65 by 16. Eleven ; largest, 411 hy 81 by 23. Shops of all kinds. A n iron ship-build- ing yard has all facilities. Several, including dock-yard. Excellent. Several: building fa. cilitiea. ^ench; re- ceived from Pas de Ca- lais for the Navy. None English coal piles atwhar's; carts to ship. Warehouses near harhor; cartage quick. Pas de Ca- lais mines, 50 miles distant. Extensive; 4,000,000 output; Pas de Calais. Calais, Antwerp. Boologne- sur-mer, Duntirt. None. (Building in- tended.) . None. (One to be built) . None. (Building intended). Ifone; to he built in connection with Union dry -dock. Havre, Bou- logne-sur- Mer.5 None. Four ; largest, 426 on bot- tom (497 over all) by 99 hy28i; 1 floating, 210 hy 40 hy 14. Tes. t Same facilities as at Dunkirk and Calais. I Havre is the nearest port with repair facilities. 88 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL IlSfi, ExhiUt of coal to le had at the following European Staiiorl Name of port. Date. 3nnd of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Ho n f leur, France. Cherbourg, France. Guemsey.Brit- ish. Jersey, British. St.Malo.France St. Nazaire, France. Brest, France. Sept., 1883. July, 1885. Oct., Oct., 1883. Sept., Dec, 1883. Jan., 1886. Newcastle . Cardiff. Scotch. ■Welsh (not very good). Welsh } English i Steam 2,000. 50,000 im- ported yearly. Small supply (5.40 to $5.60; stowing, 40c. Moderate . Slow; in port, no inter- ruption: in bay, diffi- cult and expensive. Cardiff. Swansea Newcastle rtle..) 2,000 to 3,000. 500 40, 000 Welsh Patent fuel . 1,500 Various . 1,000 Nantes,France. L' r 1 e n t , France. Faimboeuf, France. La Bochelle, France. Eoohefort, France. 1886 Oct., 1883. 1886 Snglish Welsh French (hard and soft). 2,600 2,600 2,600 By lighters- , 28,000 con- sumed a year. 2,000 30,000. 135,000 tons a year. 2,600 500 $6.28 to $6, in- cluding de- livery. :6.28; stowing, 28c. to 40c. $4 to $6; stow- ing, 29c. $5 to $5.20- 1,000 16.50, f. o. b. ; stowing ex- tra. Carried in bags on men's backs; slow; nointer- rnption. By lighters or from wharf; slow; no in- terruption. Bapid; no intermption Less than 27 feet, along- side wharf; by bas- kets; no interruption. By lighters and baskets ; rapid ; no interruption, 600,000 tons im- ported annually, 2,000 to 3,000. $4.80 to $5 on wharf; stow- ing, 30c. Bapid ; no intermption other than failure of coal vessels to arrive ; rarely occurs. ANfHpACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL POR NAVAL USE. §9 ports, together with the usual suxipltj on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers cau repair. ^Tone In harbor, 100 yards; at river iQOutli In bay, 10 miles. None Havre For minor repairs. Honflenr.. Eight at dock-yard; 2 will take any vessel afloat. 1 private, 200 by 46 by — . Tes. Dock-yard. dock -yard. None 300 yards None Jersey Two patent slips None. Sbort hauling distance. None Guernsey. Cherbourg Small. None Only for slight re- pairs. (Buildingj. None Coal is piled alongside anay. None La Eo- chelld Three 460 by 82 by 24 (neaps) 492 by 59 by 24. 390 by 42.8 by 21. the depots of- the Compagnie Trans- atlantique. J mile ,. Cherbourg Tes. Dock-yard. ^°^ Entrance. 210 by 56 by — . 210 by 66 by — . .2? 500 by 60 by—. ^ J600by60by-. 1 1 1 private proposed, 525 by S9 by 24. St. Na- zaire. • Tes. V Two Government 382 by 59i by 27i. 492 by 70 by 38. All works belong to the Government. - 259J by 52i by 26 Gridiron for vessels 262 feet long. None 35 feet at most. None Bordeaux, St. Na- zaire. Several. Three at dock-yard (small). \ IMS ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. ExHMt of coal to be had at the following European Station Name of port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Bordeaux, 1886 Large bq France. San Sebastian, Spain. Bilbao, Spain . . Jan., 1886. Welsh English 1 750 750 $7; f. 0. b.; stowing ex- tra. By lighters and baskets ; 10 to 12 tons an hour; no interruption. Santander, Aug., 1884. ]!5"one 2Tone ... Spain. .. Gijon, Spain... Ferrol, Spain., Dec, 1885. Cardiff EngUsh 2,000 1,000 4,000 $6.25 By lighters; 200 tons per day, except now andtheninthe winter. Corunna, Spain. Aug., 1884. Cardiff English Spanish Cardiff English Spanish 3, 000? 2, OOOj 500 4,600 $6.33 Bylargelighters; rapid; no interruption. Vigo, Spain Oct., 1833. 3, 000> 1, ooos 500 2,500 $7 in bunkers. $6.00 do Oporto, Portu- Oct., 1883. 4,000 gal. Lisbon, Portu- gal. Oct., 1884.' Welsh Scotch English. 8, 000! 3, OOOJ 10, 000$ $5.28 to $6.26; to.b. By lighters and baskets ; 25 to 30 tons per hour; rarely interrupted. Setubal, Portu- Oct., SmaU... gaL 1883. Sept., 1883. Welsh„ $6.27 to $6.51 J varies with English market Generally at wharf, from tips and chutes ; some- times by lighters ; rapid, at wharves, and not interrupted. Anthracite aiId bituminous coal for naval use, 91 porta, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. Two; largest, 511 by 72 by 26.2; 1 floating. Yes. • Half mile Cornnna . . Gijon Two; 402 by 40| by 13; 234 by 44 by 13 (can be made one). Tes. Ship-building yard to be estab- lished opposite. None; go to Bilbao None Spanlab None, but a 600 to 1,000 feet. 100 to 120 yds. 500 yards-.... None None None Cornnna . . Ferrol.... Cornnna . . One Government, stone, 475 by 82 by 321. None Government dock yard. contractor always has 1,000 tons for British fleet. None (British con- tractor.) One mile None Cadiz, Gibraltar, Vigo. One Government, 318 by 56| by 17; neces- sary to dredge in front of docli before docking a vessel; 2 smaller, private. Several. Dock-yard. None Short None Cadiz None .. Two(one extensive). 9^ ANtHRACiTli Al^D BlTUMIltOUS COAL ^OH. KAVAL tJSEl. UxMhit of coal to he had at the following European Station Name of port. Date. Kind of coal ou hand. Tons of eaah at date. Average tons on hand dnring year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Cadiz, Spain*.. Seville, Spain.. Algeciras, San Lncar, Spain. Gibraltar . Mar., 1886. Sept., 1883. Cardiff. English Spanish Cardiff. Scotch . Spanish Sept. 1883. Malaga, Spain AdraMarbella, Aim eri a, Spain. Carthagena, Spain. Torrevieja, Spain. Alicante,Spalnt Oct., 188G. Sept., 1887. Sept., 1887. Ang., 1885. Oct., 1883. Welsh English. Newcastle . Cardiff..... Welsh. • 7, 000 Small. > 2, 500 {Unlimit- ed, on 8 h o r *j notice.) None . 25, 000 3,000 3,000 1,000 200 6,500 $6.56 2,00of $7.42 6.61 6.37 In bunkers. By 50-ton lighters, or at -nharf ; ISO'to 200 tons in 12 honrs; very se- vere weather in "Feb- ruary and March may interrapt. At the wharf; no inter- ruption except by ex- traordinary freshets. None . 20, 000 4,000 200 $4. 26 at hulk 4. 50 alongside 4. 98 on deck.f 4. 80 f. o. b. Stowing 4 cts. $4.36 from steamer. $5.82 from shore. Welsh, t English. Ample supply. Non§ . Denia, Spain. Grao of Valen- cia, Spain. Sept., 1887. English Cardiff Patent fuel . . None . Few.... 1,000- 1,000 $4.£ $6. 00 to $6. 50, f. o. b. Steamers haul alongside hulks or colliers, or by lighters; 40 tons per hour. Liable to inter- rnptionfromSW. gales, from Jan. to March. By 30-ton lighters. No interruption in harbor. In the roads S£. winds interrupt. By lighters, IS tons an hour; no interruption. By lighters; rapid; interruption. None . None . 2,200 6. 72 V stowed. 5.76 By lighters and baskets, 80 to 100 tons -per A&y-. ANTHEACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. 93 ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. Spanish, at Carracas arsenal; 2,000 tons Cardiff and Spanish on band. None , Coal piles on wharves. Foreign coalon wharves and in city; Span- ish brought from mines by railroad to wharves. None On a small scale at ViUa Nu- eva del Bio; 17,000 oatpnt(in- fenor). None None None None None None Gribraltar Cadi?; Gibraltar, SeviUfe. Cadiz, Cartha- ge n a, Malaga. Gibraltar . Cartha- gena. Gibriltar . Cartha- gena. Valencia.. Yalencia , Alicante. Alicante.. Three at Carracas ar- senal ; largest, 344 by 72ibyl9i; oneatTro- cadero, 492 by 62J by 26. Several ; facilities for heavy repairs. British, at British vessels go alongside coal wharf. Coal by bas- kets and hired labor. One shop on the north point out- side gates of fort. Good facilities. Owned by English firm at Cadiz. Ordinary repairs. dock-yard, 6,000 tons. None 100 yards English Floating dock at arse- nal, 350 by 114 by — . Yes. Dock-yard. None .... None None 200to800y'd8. None Several. *. I Always good supply. 94 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to le had at the folloiuing European Station Kame of port. Date Oct., 1883. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average ■ tons on hand during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Tarragona, Spain. Welsh Scotch 500 500 1 1,000 $7 to $9 per 1,000 kilos in bunkers. Bv lighters and baskets ; 100 tons daily. In winter much delay from winds. Barcelona, Spain. Mar., 1887. Welsh English Scotch 8,000 6,000 1,000 V 25,000 $7.20 C.72 6.24 Stowing, 48c. By lighters, 500 to 600 tons per day, in sum- mer; in winter, 300 to 400. Feb. and March rarely, but may be in- terrupted by boister- ous weather. PortMahon, Spain. Nov., 1884. Cardiff Ample .i apply $8.50 delivered. By lighters : 200 tons daily. Palma, Spain .. . Oct., 1883. Cardiff 1,500 1,500 $9.50. Stowing, 12 cents. At wharf for merchant steamers. Formen-of- war, i mile lighterage. Ko interruption. Cette, France* - French English Patent fuel ... 1,000 3,000 200, 000 yearly demand. $5.80 6.40 6.20 From warehouses or rail- road cars to lighters to ship. Bad weather prevents lighters going alongside. * Marseilles, Jan., 1888. English Welsh With baskets— along- side wharf. France. $4.87 3. 40 to 4. 40 6 80 French Patent fuel . . . ....do ....do Tonlon, France ....do Villefranche, France. Jan., 1886. Cardiff 1,500 1,500 $7.50 f. 0. b. ; stowing 60 cts. to $1. By large lighters . Cannes, France Forge 500 500 1,000 to 1,500. No facilities ; Household ANTHKACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 95 porta, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continned. GcOTemmeDt coaling | stations in vicinity. Distance from coal \ii\a to ship. Kone , Kone . None . None . None . French con- tractor 4S0 tons. i mile cartase, i mile light- erage. 700yard8- i mile lighter- i mile. Very short. Verj' short. Coal min- iogin vicinity. None . At San Jnan de Albade- sasabout 100 tons daily (poor ar- ticle). None . None . In dopt. of Gartt are Besseg^s, Gr r an a Combe, &Portes; also at Heranlt, mines of G r a is- sess ac, 100 miles. Large. None . Next near- est coal- ing port. Barcelona Tarragona Barcelona. Mahon — Barcelona. Marseilles Cette. Nice, Number and size of dry- docks. None . One slip for vessels of 500 tons; 1 floating dock to be bnilt 2 miles ofT. None . None. None . Six; largest, 563 by 61.4 by 23. 1 floating dock. Seven Govt, stone dry- ' docks: Over all. Top. B. W. 440.8 by 94.6 by — . 440.8 by 14.6 by —. 336.7 by by—, 396.9 by by—. 546.8 by by — . 304.6 by 71.4 by — . None . Machine shops at which steamers can repiiir. None. Two. None. None. Several small ones. SeveraL Yes. Dock-yard. Good works at Nice for small work. ; 96 ANTHEACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOB NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to be had at the following European Station Kame of port. Date Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, lapid or slow, etc. Monaco . None . No facilities. Savona, Italy . G«naa, Italy . . Spezia, Italy. . Leghorn, Italy. Bastia, Corsica (French). Civita Veccbia, Italy. Naples, Italy*. Castellamare, Italy. Messina, Sicily. July, 1886. Oct., 1886. Jan., 1884. Oct.. 1886. "Welsh . Cai'difT, Eng- lish, Scotch. Cardiff. . English. 1,000 Large quantity 2o0 300 $5.25 in bunk- ers. 4. 45 to $5. 20 Cardiff Newcastle . . J 5, 000 Sept., 1883. Mar., 1886. Jan., 1885. Apr 1886. Cardiff... Gas coal . 2, 500 3,000 ($5.26, ;} Inl $9.00 8.00 stowed bunkers. Baskets — alongside wharf; rapid. 350 to 400 tons per day ; no interruption. By lighters ; 50 tons per day. Large lighters ; no inter- ruption. 1,500 1,000 Ens;lish, Car- diff. Welsh . Largo quantity. Cardiff . Catania, Italy.. Nov., 1883. English. Welsh . . Very large. 750 200 100,000 imported in 1883. 1,500 $7.72 0.76 Delivery and stowage, 481 ots. $5.11f.o.b.. i.OO, stowed.. $5.50 f. o. b ... By lighters; 150 tons daily; rarely inter- rupted, and then dur- ing winter. By lighters ; by hand j slow; no interruption. By lighters. $6 to $6.60 $5 to $5.|10 Delivery and stowing, SOIto 60 c. ; labdr, 70 ots. per day. By ligjhters, with baskets i rapid. By lighters; slow; oc- casional interruption by heavy storms or southeast wind daring equinox. * Gun factory in course of construction at Pozzuoli (March, 1887). No forging. Shipbuilding yard, ^so in construc(ioi). ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. 97 ports, together icith the usual supply on hand, cost, eic— Continued. GoTemment coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- in£;in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at "Which steamers can repair. None. For light repairs. Yes, inside and im- mediately outside city. At dock-yard. For all kinds of re- pairs and for bnild- ing. On wliarf Genoa Spezia, Leghorn. Genoa, Leghorn. Genoa Uone Short None Of inferior lignite,30 miles dis- tant. None.'. One ; 293' 11" by 70' 2" by 21' 11" ;1 floating dock 321 by 81' 11" by 17, no tide; marine rail- way, 1,000 tons. Four at dock-yard ; larg- est, 398 by 86 by 27J ; 1 bnilding wiU take the L^anto. One dry-dock, 344 by 72 by 24' 3", is now being lengthened to 442' 9"; 2 sDps, 1,500 tons. Italian J mile None 365 yards Italian; in i mile None None Leghorn, Naples. Messina, Leghorn. Naples . - - One for ordinary re- pairs. A Government yard and nnmerons pri- vate shops. Government ship- building yard. Small. arsenal 50U tons. Italian 300 to 500 feet. Short One Govt., 239 by 63 by Mi- , Italian One dry-dock, granite, 360 by 80 by 26. Charges: Over 400 tons barthen, pay $62 for 400 tons, and Sets, for each ton over; $20 for shoring, etc. ! one-half charges after first day. None .... ........... None J to 1 mile.... None Messina... One good shop. 11369 C D- 98 ANTHEACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. Exliiiit of coal to Jie had at the following European Station ITanie of port. Syiacuse, Sicily Licata, Sicily .. Girgenti, Sicily Cagliari, Sar- dinia. Palermo, Sicily. Milazzo. Sicily. Marsala . Nov., 1886. Malta* Bari, Italy. Bodi, Italy J . Venice, Italy . Date. Oct., 1883. Dec, 1880. Oct., 1883. Oct., 1886. Oct., 1883. Sept., 1883, Sept., 1883. Kind of coal on hand. • English. Cardiff.. Welsh . CardiSF.. ■Welsh.. English. English, Car- diff. ■Welsh - Cardiff.. French . Carfliff, Eng- lish, Scotch, Istrian. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. 2,600 700 Ample supply. 1, 200 100 t,000 to' 4,500. ; SO to 100 Large supply. 16, 000 None- .. 22, 800 None . 25, 000 Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. $6.00 Delivery and stowing, 72c. $6.75f. ». h.-- per 1,000 kilos. Deliv- ery 50c. $5.98 5.60 $7.00; delivery 40c. $5. 16,t Stowed, Bapidj liable to inter- ruption in winter ; har- bor to be protected. By lighters ; rapid . By 40 -ton lighters and tugs; interrupted very rarely in winter by storms. By lighters; slow ; liable to interruption in win- ter by heavy seas. $5.50 to $6.60. Subject to varia- tion; delivery, andstowing?0 to 700.; not outside port. By lighters j liable to in- terruption from Octo- ber to May by heavy From covered stores by lighters with baskets ; only interrupted by ex- traordinary storms. At wharf; brought in carts; rapid. By lighters, tubs, and bfLsketp ; very slow ; no interruption.' * The Government dock-yard is thoroughly equipped, oven for constructing. fCrerman Government contract (Oct., 1887), for Welsh, $1.62 alongside; $1,74 stowed. • ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 99 ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc, — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Kext near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Macliine shops at 'which steamers can repair. Italian 700 tons for B. B. Qse. 250 yards.. Kone. None . Italian 2,000 tons Cardiflf. Italian, 1,000 tons. If in harbor, less than 1 mile; if in outer bay, 3 to 4 milesi 1 mile- None. 10 yards to 1 mile. On a very small scale; nnfitfor steam- ers. None Girgenti.. Licata ... Leghorn, Naples. Girgenti, Marsala. None . None. None . None. None. One. None . One belonging to steamer company ; light repairs. None . Imile. None . English, 30- QOO tons. Welsh. 4 mile. . None . None. None . Palermo .. Catania . Brindisi- None . Two Govt. : 523 by 74 by 25; 468 by 80 by 33; third to be finished by latter part of 1888 ; 2 hydxaulio docks, 2,500 and 1,200 tons. None . Nqne ; near- est at An- coua. Ita;liaii, 15,000 tons in arsen- al. Austrian 15, 000 tons at FoIaandGra- vosa on oppo- site shore of Adriatic. None . None . Ldss 21 feet draught at wharf; above, in harbor 1 to 1^ miles dis- tant. Atlstriain Austria near Trieste secondary quality; alao lignite mine 50 miles nw. of city; un- fit for steaming. Trieste. At Pola Govt, sta'ncoalis better and cheaper. Two dry-docks at Govt. arsenal 411. 5 by 81 by 28. 295 by 59 by 19 J. None. Excellent. Dock- yard. Several, for repairs to engines. None. Several large works, including dock- yard. + No harbor here ; only open beach. 100 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to be had at the following European Station Name of port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on band during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Trieste, Aus- tria." Oct., 1883. ■Welsh . . English. Austrian Scotch . . 2,000 150 Unlimit'd 1,500 3, 000 $6.06 to $7.20.. Delivery 72 to 96 cents. By lighters ; 150 tons per day. Liable to inter- ruption in November and December. Pola, Austria. Fiume, Austria Oct., 1883. Welsh.. English. 1,300 1,000 to 1,500. $6.96 to $7.20. Delivery 72 to 96 cents. By lighters; ISO tons per day. liiable to inter- ruption in November ana December. Gattaro, tria.f Aus- Corfu, Greece.. Cephalonia, Greece.J Zante, Greece§. Patras, Greece. Syra, Greece... Piraeus, Greece Sept. Sept. Nov. 1887. Sept. 1883. July, 1886. Sept. 1883. None for sale (Gov't). English. Cardiff. . Welsh .. "French . Cardiff. English Welsh . English. English. Cardifr. . Cardiff.. Euglish. 1,000 500 760 350 500 600 100 4,500 5,000 2,500 6,500 3,500 1,000 to 1,500. 2,000 5,000 7,000 i8, alongside ; delivery and stowing 50 cents. $6.60 to $7.20, $6 f. 0. b. $6.75 to $9.65 stowed. De- livery and stowing 96 cents. $7.80 to $9.60 f. o. b., ac- cording to stock on hand $6.08 f. o. b. ; stowing 24 cents. $5.28 to $5.52; $5. 04 to $5.28; delivery 96 cents. By lighters ; 200 tons per day. In winter may be interrupted fre- quently by NW. to NE. winds. 40 to 50 tons daily. May be intermpted in De. comber and January. By lighters; poor facil- ities. By lighters; 200 tons in 12 Tiours. Barely in- terrupted. By lighters j no interrup- tion. Slow- Interrupted in spring by heavy rains. * Austrian coals are unfit for naval use. There is an Austrian coding station at Gravoaa, and a naval establishment at Sebenico, 1886. ANTHRACITE AND BITITMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 101 poriSj together uith tlie usual supply on hand, costj etc. — Continued. Govemraent coaliDg stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to bliip. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Numl)6r and size of dry- docks. JTachine shops at which steamers can repair. Aastrian; at Pol a, Car- difi and Austrian. J mile. In Dalraa- tia & Tstria to small ex- tent. More extensive in Moravia and Bohe- mia, 5 days distant; & in Hnnga ria & Croa- tia, 3 days. S t y ria n mines day. Finme . One dry-dock for heavy iron- c] ads not more than 350 feet lon^ ; 370 hy 6e by 27 ; 1, 383 by 73 by 2b; 1 slip, 1,000 tons. All kinds of repairs done. Govern- ment works where the largest iron- clads of the Navy have be^ bnilt. Austrian . Two Govt. ; largest 411 by 80 by 27 ;1 balance dock, 300 by 83 by 23. Anstrian Pola. at i mile. Aa stated for Trieste. Trieste . . . None . Dock-yardL None. Austrian . At times Greek Gov- ernment has few tons in store. None . ^ mile. Greek; Car- difi at Na- varino. Greek, 500 tons. None . None . i mile. . If not over 1,000 tons reg- ister can co^ in harbor, otherwise j to i mile. ^mile. I mile. Not far, if steamer is in port. None . Brindisi .. None None . Zante. None . None". None- At Konml, island of Eubooe; not good for steam- era. C e p halo- nia, Pa- tras. Zante. Piraeus . Syra, Pa- tras. None . None . None . Two patent hydraulic slips of ^the Hellenic Steamship Company. None . Only for small re- pairs. None. None. None. Shops of the Hellen- ic Steamship Com- pany. Two for small re- pairs. I CoJil mostly in hands of raiU-owners J Labor is clieapfSl in M ly, June, and July. In Au^nst, September, and October add 48 cents per ton. 102 ANTHRACITE ANB BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhiiit of coal to be had at thefolloioing European Station Name of port. Bate. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand daring year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Ergasteria, Greece. Salonica, Tur- key. Dardanelles, Turkey.* Constantinople, Torkey.l Snlina, Turkey Odessa, Knssia. Sebastopol, Kassia.^ Poti, Bussia. Trebizonde, Asiatic Tur- key. Konstchonk, Bulgaria.^ Mar., 1886. Sept., 1883. Mav, 1884. Sept., 1885. Newcastle . . . Welsh Jan., 1885. Jan., 1885. Sept., 1883. Cardiff (double screened). Welsh - Welsh.. English. Turkish Welsh Newcastle Various. Cardiff. . Native . . } ^ 000 1,200 1, 000. $4.50f.o.b... 1, 200 $6.72 to $7.68 inthebunk- 20, 000 11, 000 (small.) 200 to 1,200. 15,000 to 20,000 I 5, 000| 40, 000 to 50, 000 5, 000- iO, 000 to 50, 000 600 2,600 250 2,500 $6.80 to $7.29. Stowed, $6.51 5.75 6£o.b.; stow- ing extra. $6 f.o.b; stow- ing extra. By lighters ; 30 tons an hour. By lighters; pretty rapid; sometimes in- terrupted irom JTone to Ang. by Trind. By 5-ton lighters; slow ; 80 to 100 tons daily; frequently interrupt- ed, especially in win- ter. By 30-ton lighters; after day's notice; rapid; in winter s'ly give trouble, but no trouble in Golden Horn. Alongside wharf ; rapid. Alongside wharf and by lighter ; 15 ots. ton for lighter. 19 to $10; $6 fer 1,000 ki- 8 ; deliv- ery, 20 to 40c. Laborers with baskets ; pretty rapid. When Danube is fall of floating ice it is dan- gerous to remain in port. . * The coal named is imported by tug-boat company for its own use, 3,000 tons annually. t bteaiDers pay no duty ; duty SOceuts per ton. ; Russian naval station contemplated at Novorossisk. ANtMiiACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 103 / ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Gtovemment coaling stations in vioinitj^. Distance from coal jtpe to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next ned.T- lest coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. Turkish, Qeraclea, and Black Sea coal; no fixed quantity. Turkish; 200 to 300 tons Black Sea coal; often no coal. None . Bussian . i mile. Deposits 50 yards from "Vharf; i mile from wharf to Several deposits not min- ed. Coal stores on beach, Jmile thence to sf«amer. None - i mUe- At Hera- cleaand other places \n Black Sea; in- ferior quality and sup- ply un- cei'tain. Very short . i mile when lightering. Good coal in the Donetz district. PirseUs ... Any port of impor- tance. Smyrna, Constan- tinople. Smyrna, Snlina. Constanti- nople. Solina.. Odessa. ■■ None . None . None . Four dry-docks; 340 by 96 by 38; 215 by 86 by 25' 11"; 240 by 65 by 25" 9"; 235 by 55 by 25' 9" ; Nos. 3 and 4 can make one dock of 505 feet long ; 1 floating dock, 1,500 tons. None . None . One Gov't, 600 by 85 by 27; 1 floating, 6,000 tons. Bulgarian, 355 tons; Cardiff". Coal stores on river-ban k, 30 to 100 yds. according to state of river. None - Giurgevo, in Bou- mania. One dry-dock at Tnrno- Severin, 300' long; probably very shM- low; for river steam- ers ; no other in lower Danube. None. None. One for light work. Several good private works; gov'tworks in dock yards in Golden Horn. Several; prices mod- erate. Large ones. Bock- yard. Two. Naval arsenal; rail- road shops. § Small quantity of Cardiff briquettes owned by railroad company, 2 miles distant ; Funf kirsohen (native) to any amount on 3 weeks' notice, pi'ovided there is water enough at Iron Gates and no ice iu rtver. 104 ANTHRACITE AND BITUM1>-0US COAL FOR XAVAL USE. Exhmt of coal to be had at the foUoicing European StatioH Xame of port. Date. Mytilene, Asia Miuor. Smyrna, Asia Minor. Castro, Island of Chios. Yathi, Island of Samos. Sept., Not. 1887. Oct, 18S5. Oct., 1885. Kind of coal on hand. £hodes . lamaaol, C y - prns. Latakia, Syria* Beimt, Syria . Cardiff .. Turkish . Kewport- Cardlff... ^eM-oastlo (poor). Tons of each at date. 400? 4, 000 5 Average tons on hand during year. 3,000 Small quantity for local use. Ifone . Oct., Welsh (poor). l!<8o. Oot^, 1385. Oct., 1SS7 Haifa, Sidon, Alexandretta, Tripoli, Mor- aine, Syria. Jaffa, Syria... Port Said, Egypt Welsh (poor) - Patent fuel . Cardiff ITewoasUe . . 25 Cost per ton. $8.64 to $8.88; $6 to $6.24 in bunkers. ^.86 $5.76 Oct., 1883. Oct., 1883. Oct., 1886. None . Cardiff 1 English : French bri- quettes. Cardiff. Newcastle ■:.] 2,000) 200^ 800 i None . . Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc: By lightora and ba^sj slow. Sometimes m- terrupted in winter; not often. By lighters, and small baskets by laborers; 30 tons per hour; sel- dom interrupted, then in Feb. and March. No faoilities- .do. $6.95 Variable . « to $8.50 stowed. None . Large quantity. .do. .do. Plow from Deoembcr to April. In flue weather 150 tons from depot to ship. 1. 00 to $ll>. 00 a 00 $5. 10, f. o. b. t f May he interrupted by < storms from Novem- ( ber to April. Kapid. * No facilities for coaliu^. tGerman Government contract price (October, 1887) for Welsh ; $4.80 alongside ; $3.04 stowed. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 105 ports, together tciih the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government ooaliug stations in viciuity. Distance from coal pile to sliip. Coal rain- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. None TQrkiali coal nit^ntioned owned by -Turkish Gov't Turkish ; 500 tons Car- diff. J mile. 1 mile- None . fmile. None . None . ^ mile. None . None ,- A deposit of French briquettes for the navy, 2,000 tons, at $8.25. i mile. None . None . None; coal deposits not mined. None . None . None . Smyrna. Beirut . Smyrna. Smyrna . Port Said, Smyrna, Alexan* dria. Poft Said, Alexan- dria. None . None . None . None . None . None. Several large works ; one has 10-ton steam-hammer. A small one. None. None. None . None. None in Syria or Palestine. Port Said None on Syrian coast. . . None. None . None . One-half to 1 mile. None . Port Said Port Said None . None . German, con- tract None . None . Blacksmith shops. None. Two ; ordinary re- pairs; charges ex- orbitant. 06 ANtHRA.CiTE AND iBlfUJilNOUS COAL fOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to be had at the following European Station iT'ame of port. Date. Kiud of coal on hand. Tons of eacliat date. Average tons on hand Cost per ton. during year. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. lez, Egypt . lakim, Egypt erjm Island, straits of Ba- bbl-Mandeh. .den, Arabia. . [nsoat, Arabia .lexandrla, Egypt. ripoli, Tripoli 'asis, Tnnis- . . lona, Algeria.. Jgiera, Algeria nan, Algeria.. enisaf, Alge- ria. Oct., 1885. May, 1885. Feb., 1881. Oct., Oct., 1886. Jan., "W^elsh. ,000 3,000 Welsh . Australian.. Large supply Cardiff Newcastle . None . Large quantity. . . None . . Cardiff.. Not to lie relied upon. Large quantity. Nov., 1886. Welsh . May, 1886. Oct., 1887. Nov., 1885. Newcastle Welsh. Welsh ) English ) 500 500 1,000 ,000 500 $8.53 $11.56, stowed. ;. 00 to $8. SO 18.00 to $3.50, stowed. * By lighters. 60 tons an hour. . By bags, 1 cwt. each; rapid; vessels drawing over 22 feet lay in outer harbor; liable to short delay &om rough water in June, July, and Au- gust. SW. monsoon. $5.00 f. o. b. ; stowing ex. tra. By lighters; 15 tons an nour. $1.6 $4. 37 to $4. 86 $6. 25 to $7. 25 By lighters ; rapid ; no interruption. By lighters ; 15 tons an nonr. By lighters; alow; in- terrupted by NW. wind. ANTHRACITE A^ND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 107 ports, togelhir with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min. ingin vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. One; 400 by 73.10 by 23.. "french -- .. If one None Aden Bombay, Suez. Inner harbor, one-haU'mile ; onter, Smiles. None- British pairs. One, floating; 463by78f by 20; 5,000 tons. None ................... Yes Bona None pedo boat station ; 4 boats. Jmile Gibraltar, Malaga. , Algiers - . . •(Gibraltar . Two ; 377, on blocks, by 84by24J; 186 by 70 by 17i. Charges : small dock, $120 entrance, $15 each day, and $30 for shoring, etc.; large dock, $200, $30, and $50. J mile ing; prices high. Ordinary repairs. Small shop ; prices high. \ Coal in bulk at anchorage. None D8 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOLfS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. ExMlit of coal to he had at the following European Station fame of port. Date. Kind of coal ou hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on baud during year. Cost per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. rocco. mgier, Mo- rocco. iraiclie, Mo- Nov., 1884. English Small sn Poor facilities rocco. ^bat, Mor'oo * Jlorocco. izagan, Mo- ■ooco. ffi, Morocco. 3ga(lore, Mo- rocco. )rta, Fayal, Azores. 'acioBa, Azo- May, 1885. 1885. Mar., 1887. ■Welsh U"one SCO 2,800 $7.20, along- side ; stow- . ing, 12 ctB. By 20-ton lighters; rapid; seldom intermpted, then from November to March. -es. . Michael's, Azores. incbal, Ma- deira. Welsh "Welsh 3,000 5,000 3,000 10, 000 $7.40, stowed.. $6.05, stowed.. Alongside wharf and by 20-ton lighters ; rapid; seldom interrupted, then from November to March. With steam- winches ; rapid ; no interrup- tion. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 109 ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling Btations iif * vicinity. Distance from . coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. NmnbeiTand size of dry- docks. Machine Bbopa at wbich steamers can repair. None Gibraltar . \ 300 to 1,200 yds. None None None None St. Mich- ael's. Tayal Fayal Santa Cmz de Tene- riffe. None 300 to 1,200 yds. J mile One floating dock; 183.7 ?,?o*o1o/sr' """^^"^^ None Yes. One forge; slight re- pairs possible. 110 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to ie had at the following European Station Kame of port. Teneriffe, Ca- Dary Islands (Port of San- ta Crnz).* lias Palmas, Gr'd Canary Islands. StVincenttP'to G-rando),Cap6 Verde tsl'ds. Santiago (Porto Praj'o), Cape Verde Isl'ds. Sal Isle, Cape Verde Isld's. Freetown, Si- erra Leone, Africa. MonrOTia, Li- beria. Dakar, Sene- gambia. BathQr8t,We8t Africa. Elmira, Guinea Cape Coast Castle, Griii- nea.; Date. Dec, 1886. Apr. 1887. Feb., 188S. Feb. 1884. Oct., 1883. Jan., 1887. Dec. 1886. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of eaob at date. Welsh.., English. Welsh.. English. Welsh J English I Welsh ITone . Cardiff Patent fael. ITone . Mar., Cardiff 1885. Patent fuel. 1884. 1884. 1887. Patent fael. . . 6,000 1,000 20, 000 40, 000 Small.. None .. 2,300 500 None . Average tons on hand diiidnlg year. 6, 000? 1, 0005 20, 000 15, 000 200 None . 1,800 500 None . Large quantity 300 Coat per ton. ).50, stowed. $5.10, stowed. $6.S7, stowed. 19.25, deliv'rdi stowing, 24 cents. 19, stowed $10. 00 $9.20, alongside Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. By two 100-ton lighters and numerous small ones ; from November to March gales may interfere; 600 tons daily. By 12-ton lighters; 300 tons daily; northeast gales interrupt in win- ter. By lighters and tugs; 200 tons daily ; no in- terruption. By lighters and tugs ; no intermption ex- cept in October and November for a few days. By 5-tou lighter ; slow ; muob rain in June, July, and August; in October and April light tornadoes. : By lighters of 40 to 50 tons. By flat-bottom boat«; tornadoes in July. Surf-boats; slow. From hulk ; slow . * No other port of island can be depended upon for coal ; sometimes coal can be had. German con- tract price $5.22 alongside; $5.34 stowed; October, 1887. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Ill ports, togethtr icith the usual supply on hand, costj etc. — Continued. Government coaling stationB in ■vicinity. Distance from coal pile to ship. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near est CO al- io g port. Nnmlier an^ size of dry- docks. Machine shops at which steamers can repair. French; Ger- man ; Span- ish ; con- tractors 1,000 tons each of Welsh. None . German . None . 600 to 800 yds. . i to I miles — 600 to 800 yds. 600 to 800 yds. None . None . None . None . None . None . British; 500 tons ; pat- ent f ael. 300 to 500 yards None . None . None . Las P al- mas, Gr'd Canary. Santa Cmz, Teneriffe. Santiago, Cape Verde Islands. St. "Vincent, Cape Verde Islands. St. Vin- cent, San- tiago. Bathnrat, Gambia, Bonny. EreetoTni, Sierra Leone. None. None . None . None . None . None . None , Bathurst. For small repairs. For small repairs. Two, for light re- pairs. None. None. None. None.1 tThere are two yards for hullding lighters, schooners, and boats. ^ Jelli-Koffe, 80 miles west of Acra, is an excellent place for provisions. English line of steamers will furnish coal along Gold Coast for £2 10a. to i£3, f. o. b. 112 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Exhibit of coal to be had at the following European Station Name of port. Date. Kind of coal on hand. Tons of each at date. Average tons on hand during year. Coat per ton. Manner of coaling, rapid or slow, etc. Lagoa (Brit- ish), West Africa. 1 Fernando Po, Gnlf of Gui- nea. * Libreville, Ga- boon Eiver, West Africa. Banana, Congo Elver, Africa. 1884. 1884. ■Tan., 1887. Jan., 1887. By flats ; slow j heavy rollers from June to August. Government lighters, towed by ship s boats; slow. ByUghters; slow By small steamers ; mod- erately rapid. Patent fael... Welsh N. Country. Patent fuelt-- Cardltr. 800 to 1,000 1,200 1,500 9C0 1,200 2,000 $8, alongside.. $12. 00 62 cents extra to vessels outside Ba- nana Cteek. * German contract (1887) for Westphalian at Cameroon, $10. t Belongs to French Government. ANTHBACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE, 113 ports, together with the usual supply on hand, cost, etc. — Continued. Government coaling stations in vicinity. Distance from coal pile to Bliip. Coal min- ing in vicinity. Next near- est coal- ing port. Number and size of dry- docks. MacMno shops at which steamers can repair. German, con- Short ^ tract at Cameroon. Fernando Po. / 11369 c D 8 II. RELATIVE MERITS OF ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL, AND ANALYSES OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF COAL. 115 DISCUSSION OF THE MERITS OF ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COALS. By Chief Engineers Charles H. Baker and F. G. McKban, U. S. Navy, Members OF Board to report upon the Comparative Merits of Coal for Naval IJse. The Board having been called upon, in 1884, by the honorable Secre- tary of the Navy to state the advantages a nddisad vantages of anthra- cite and bituminous coal, has taken the liberty to introduce into the comparison the consideration of semi-bituminous coal also. Anthracite being scarcely procurable on foreign stations, the comparison is re- stricted almost entirely to the great classes of coal as they are found in those portions of the United States accessible to Atlantic ports. The Board submits the following statement under headings numbered, as is believed, in the order of their importance for naval purposes: (1) Heating power, (2) promptness of ignition, (3) weight of a given bulk, (4) procurability, (5) smoke and soot, (6) action upon boilers, grates, etc., (7) impurities, (8) deterioration, (9) friability, (10) completeness of com- bustion, (11) spontaneous combustion, and (12) price. (1) Heating power. — In reference to this quality the Navy Depart- ment was originally induced to employ anthradte, chiefly in consequence of the report of Prof. Walter E. Johnson, of Washington, in 1844, that the evaporative efficiency of average anthracite was superior to that of bituminous coal, the figures being 9.5648 pounds of water evaporated per pound of coal in the former case, and 8.944 in the latter. But the experiments upon which these figures were based were of short dura- tion ; many of them occupied less than twenty-four hours, and only two of them lasted more than thirty hours. They, therefore, did not fully include the very important circumstances that anthracite fires need to be cleaned in longer service than about twelve hours, and after that time should be more or less thoroughly cleaned once in every twelve ,hours. This causes loss of evaporative power in the following ways, to which the fires of free-burning coals are subject in a much less degree : (a) By the direct abstraction of heat from the combustible portion of the fuel to bring the earthy matter and ash to the high furnace tempera- ture; (6) by the direct loss of heat when the clinkers and ashes are with- drawn at that high temperature; (c) by the unavoidable loss of some unconsumed coal during the abstraction of the clinkers; (d) by the influx of cold air through the open furnace door during the operation of cleaning fires; (e) by the loss of heat expended in raising the temperature of air over and above the quantity needed for combustion; (/) by the loss of effect during the time that the fire newly cleaned requires to recover full action. Taking these losses into consideration, it is concluded by the Board that anthracite coal is not, in a long run, the more economical of the two classes, though it may be so in short experiments. But even from Johnson's data, the average evaporative power of the semi-bitumi- nous coals is higher than the average evaporative power of the anthra- cites, being 9.9804 and 9.5648 pounds of water from 212° F., respectively, and this is the class of coal recommended most highly for naval pur- poses by the Board. Their conclusion is strengthened by the results of Isherwood's experiments with several marine boilers, some, however, being flue boilers, in which Cumberland semi-bituminous coal generally 117 118 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. evaporated more water than Pennsylvania and otlier anthracites. And these results are farther corroborated by experiments of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, quoted by Haswell (p.569), in which the evaporative effect of 1 ton of Cumberland coal was found to equal that of IJ ton of anthracite. It is asserted that when combustion is forced, the economic evaporation is relatively less with free-burning coal than with anthra- cite, but it may be answered that, under the circumstances in which the blast or steam jet is used, economy is temporarily ignored, the object being to produce active combustion, regardless of cost. (2) Promptness of ignition. — Circumstances have greatly changed since Johnson reported to the Navy Department (p. 597) that this quality was of inferior importance in naval vessels. When it is considered that now- adays one fleet under full steam might be alongside another at anchor in little more than an hour after they sighted each other, it will be seen that, even under heavily-banked tires of anthracite, the fleet at anchor would be at a great disadvantage for maneuvering, while with low and dirty tires or with cold boilers, the destruction of that fleet could only be prevented by means extraneous to itself. Promptness of iguition may also be of vital importance on a lee shore, or in a sudden gale in harbor, and under other circumstances. Nor is it in emergencies alone that rapidity of ignition is useful, for it gives much more uniform action in all steaming, since the fires quickly attain their maximum efficiency instead of, as with anthracite, being almost inert for twenty minutes or more after each coaling. In short, the Board is of opinion that this quality is so valuable in 'a naval vessel that it almost precludes the em- ployment of anthracite in time of war in favor of a more free-burning coal, and that it has considerable advantages also in time of peace. (3) Weight of a given hulk. — In this particular it is generally consid- ered that anthracite shows a marked superiority over the great classes of semi-bituminous and bituminous coals, but the Board is inclined to think that this advantage, if it really exists, has been exaggerated. In- deed, if we consider tJhe experiments of Johnson, the average of all the semi-bituminous coals of Maryland gives rather the smallest space occupied per ton (42.0372 cubic feet), the anthracites rafiking second (42.13 cubic feet), the bituminous coals of Pennsylvania being third, but with very trifling difference (42.671 cubic feet), the coking coals of Vir- ginia being the only free-burning varieties which are decidedly lighter (45.8804 cubic feet); and it is only after such modifications as omitting the lightest two anthracites, the heaviest three bituminous coals, etc., that figures are obtained indicating anthracite to be the heaviest class of coal. Even when this is done the semi-bituminous class makes a good comparative showing, the average number of cubic feet to stow the two coals being then 40.845 and 42.0372 for anthracite and semi- bituminous, respectively, or an advantage in favor of anthracite of only 1.1922 cubic foot per ton. Finally, this small advantage is reversed when the quantity of earthy matter in the two coals is considered. Assum- ing Isherwood's experiments to be more reliable for our present purpose than Johnson's, because more in accordance with the circumstances of ordinary practice in : (a) Rate of combustion; (&) quality of coal tested (these being marketable and not selected for testing by the mining com- panies); (c) generally greater duration of time, it is found that the an- thracites procurable on our Atlantic sea-board contained more earthy matter and ash by 4.3018 per cent, than all other coals tried by him'; while we have seen that Johnson's data, even after modification, give the advantage to average anthracite by only 2.8361 per cent., when com- pared with the semi-bituminous class. In the question of space occu- ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 119 pied by combustible, therefore, tlie Board is of opinion that semi-bitu- minous coal is better than any other class. (4) Procur ability. — In our Atlantic sea-ports it is probable that either anthracite or semi-bituminous coal could be procured in any quantity and with equal facility ;- but when once our ships leave our eastern coast there are perhaps only one or two ports in the world where an- thracite could be obtained at reasonable cost, and at those with no cer- tainty of supply ; while even on our Pacific coast they might find it preferable to use the bull eye or other coals of Australia, unless some domestic coal like the Monte Diablo of California, came into more general use. In Europe the very superior Gardift and other Welsh coals are obtainable almost everywhere, and so are the somewhat inferior lifew- castle and other English coals. Varieties of these two classes can also be obtained on the Asiatic and South American stations, though in the former the Australian coals can be procured when they are preferred to the Takasima, Karatz, Formosa, and other domestic coals. There is reason to believe, however, that as the Japanese mines are more deeply worked, the coal will improve in quality. It is certainly better now than it was even ten years ago, and was reported by Chief Engineer Loring, in the Asiatic squadron, to be, generally, the most economical coal procurable in that part of the station. (5) Smolce and soot. — In the non -production of smoke and its impor- tance for concealment in time of war, anthracite coal has always borne the palm. And yet it is a serious question if this quality, valuable only on occasion, is worth the sacrifices made for it. Those naval operations which include surprises are seldom called for, and in these days of swift communication of news would be seldom practicable ; furthermore, we are told that the nations which use smoke-producing coal will so time their attacks upon ports and harbors that they will have the whole of the previous night in which to make their approach, and will be at their destination at early dawn^ and this is also true of blockade- running. It may be said that when detached single ships or squad- rons are in the open, the advantage will lie with those which use anthracite; but this will only be useful when the object is to decline an engagement, for, in approaching to join battle, the moment arrives when concealment of the vessel burning anthracite is uo longer possi- ble; then the power of maneuvering or retreating lies, other things be- ing equal, entirely with the ship using the coal of the greatest rapidity of action, and when the prize leaves naught behind but a trail of smoke it will be poor consolation to us to know that we formed none and that our rigging is unsoiled. Besides which, if we used smoke-producing coal we would at least be no worse off than the navies of other great nations of the world; the more vigilant combatant will first catch sight of the enemy, and the coal of quicker action will put him the sooner alongside. If, however, the suggestion of the Board be feasible and be acted upon, to procure, as may be possible, a smokeless free-burning coal, the advan- tage of anthracite in this respect will altogether vanish; and in this con- nection it may be stated that some of the Cumberland coal forms only a light brown, transparent smoke, and that we might expect to find some analogue of certain Welsh coals which are almost absolutely smokeless. There is, undoubtedly, a freedom from soot in the use of anthracite coal, but while this is an advantage over the true bituminous varieties, it is not so marked in the case of the semi bituminous classes; and even in the former case there are some bituminous coals which in their use necessitate sweeping the flues regularly in a voyage, and which may yet give a good, economical p'erformance when compared with anthracite, 120 ANTHRACITE AND BlTUMlNOlTS COAL FOR NaVaL USE. since the losses caused by opening the uptake doors in the one case may be counterbalanced by those attending the opening of the fuipace doors while cleaning fires in the other case. (6) Action upon boilers, grates, etc. — In this respect it is likely tbat there is not much to choose between the anthracites and free-burning coals, afc least with iron boilers; for, whereas the intense local heat of an anthracite fire searches and develops any tendency toward blisteriug or lamination in boiler-iron, there are several varieties of free-buruiug coal which contain sulphur, and which are injurious on that account to tube ends, etc. Both classes will, under certain circumstances, warp and destroy grate-bars. This may be a suitable place in which to refer to the question of alterations called for in boilers, grates, etc. The Board is of t^e opinion that no radical change will be necessary even if its recom- mendations be adopted. The diameter of tubes in our boilers has of late years been slightly increased, which is a step favorable to the use of free-burning coal, though it is possible that a slightly further increase in this direction might be advisable in new boilers ; while the distance apart of the grate-bars can be sufficiently regulated by the engineer force on board to suit the requirements of each case. (7) Impurities. — Little perhaps remains to be said under this head, since the evil consequences of the presence of those impurities which form clinker and ash have been touched upon in sections 1 and 3, and the injurious effect of sulphur upon boilers has been alluded to in section 6. But the bieutiou of sulphur leads to the consideration that semi-bituminous coal, if selected for use in the Navy, should be as free as possible from sulphur and phosphorus, because while the generality of blacksmiths away from the interior of Pennsylvania allege the impos- sibility of doing efficient forge- work with anthracite coal (and it may be said in passing that this necessitates the storage on board our vessels of a small quantity of " soft coal" for blaeksmithing, a minor disadvantage attending the use of anthraieite in the ISTavy), the coal for such purposes must be free from matters which would interfere with efficient welding, etc. Moreover, if spontaneous combustion is feared (a subject which is more fully treated of in section 11), the coal should be free from pyrites. (8.) Deterioration. — It is probably true that anthracite will scarcely deteriorate in heat giving power except after long exposure to the direct action of the sun, as in the coal piled on the sandy beach at St. Paul de Loando from about 1862 to 1882; for the similar coal at Fernando Po, having been overgrown with weeds and trees, and therefore sheltered from the rays of the sun, was almost as efficient fiffcer twenty years as when it was fresh. The free-burning coals, on the other hand, rapidly lose theirco- hesion and heat-giving power. In the closed bunkers of a ship, however, except perhaps in the i mmediate vicinity of boilers, this deterioration pro- ceeds much more slowly, and if the coal was of good quality and freshly minedin the first place, it is not likely that its efficiency would be materially lessened, even in the course of a cruise. Still, it might be expected that anthracite under similar favorable circumstances would last as long as the ship; indeed, almost indefinitely. (9) Friability. — Here again the anthracite coals, owing to their supe- rior cohesion, will last much longer in the lumpy state, and will much better endure transfer from the mine to the port, and the subsequent handling till they are in the ship's bunkers, though this very cohesive power entails positive labor in breaking up the lumps on the fire room floor to the size necessary for the most effleient combustion. If, how- evei', the friability has resulted in both cases in the production of slack, there is no comparison between the two cla"sses of coal, for the dust of anthracite is absolutely worthless on the grates of a boiler, whereas the ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL fOR NAVAL USE. l2l slack of the free-burning coals, as long as it is not too old, is not only tolerably efdcient in the formation of steam, but from its caking qual- ities is often preferred for blacksmiths' purposes. (10) Completeness of comhustion. — This is a quality of greater impor- tance than might at first be supposed, and is an advantage possessed to a greater degree in most of the semi-bituminous coals than in most of the anthracites. Besides the wastefulness caused in the furnace by the greater average formation of clinker with the latter coal, there is the greater labor necessary and time lost in their removal from the boiler, and their being disposed of overboard. While the severe labor called for in cleaning fires would be mitigated by the use of free-burning coal, and the work of breaking the lumps will almost entirely cease, these differences may not admit of fewer men being employed, though they would less severely tax the firemen. (il) Spontaneous combustion. — Anthracite coal is probably entirely free from this source of danger, -which, however, possesses few terrors now. The proper selection of dry coal free from pyrites, and its stowage away from bunkers directly over boilers, will probably i^revent this action entirely. The fitting of water pipes in the bunkers leading to the deck and capable of being tried by a thermometer would give timely notice if it should begin, while the more powerful i)umps and the iron hulls of the present day would relieve seafaring men from the anxiety caused by this once mysterious process, if it should continue. (12) Price. — In this respect there is no comparison between the two classes of coal on foreign stations; for, as has been already observed, away from the Atlantic coast of the United States there are onlj- one ci' two ports in the world where anthracite can be reasonably looked for, while elsewhere it could hardly be obtained in sufficient quantities at any price unless stored expressly for our ships; in which case freights and probable rentage would raise the price.. Its retention would be only by the favor of the nation in whose territory it was stored, while in the event of war with that power its loss would be al most inevitable. And in the Atlantic ports it is likely that semi-bituminous coal would be pro- cured in quite as large quantities and at quite as low prices as anthracite. From the abundant record of exijeriment available the Board has compiled the accompanying table, exhibiting the data from which the qualities of the coals are inferred. The evaporative values are repre- sented by the ])roportion of combustible (or gasifiable) matter contained in thecoals and the quantity of waterevaporated, the former being stated in per centum of the whole weight of the crude coal, the latter in the ab- solute weight of water evaporated from a temperature of 212° F., under atmospheric iiressure, by the combustion of one pound of crude coal. With regard to other considerations which, may determine the choice of coals for use in the naval service, the Board has found them well set forth in Professor Johnson's report already alluded to; in Main and Brown on the steam engine; in a report to the Bureau of Steam Engi- neering of a board of naval engineers, under date of October 24, 1878; in the report of Chief Engineer Loring, mentioned above, and in several writings of Chief Engineer Isherwood. It may be seen that while the Board, in the main, agrees with the authors of these valuable documents in their conclusions, it differs with them in the relative importance to be attached in the naval service to certain qualities in coal, and disagrees in toto with those deductions of Professor Johnson, made forty years ago, which resulted in the selec- tion of anthracite to the exclusion of other fuel, the Board recommend- ing, for Iho reasons stated above, a good quality, smokeless if procura- ble, of semi-bituminous coal. ■ 122 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. •["BOO JO pnnod J9d pOI^'BJOdUAO J94«^ ooaar~t-ci3t^oiAe>imi>coooc>incoeo C4a»F^coaoocC4eceo0 3^ ftcoQoccoooaaccco ccoa as b~ o 'XBOO ut oxqi!j9nqni03 ^^ omoootocooo oo ooo o oo o oo ooo o gC3 latooa UJCDC4 m o ooo o o o o c oo o oo o o oo oo a Pi o r ^ -a O O _- P. "rt 3 « S 5 - .Sf-Joooooooooooooo S"© . ' . • w 2 M>^ o '•r ° a i ass Is S a 1+3 I^O 5 •6 oooooooo ooooooooooooooo 'e3a9jeu9l loj 'O^ ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 123 OOOOOO OO OOOOO dC^ oooooo oo ooooco mr-t- g"t-irscacoio i-^iH -ijiTti-^oo atan- oot-t-i-toirs 10-* moo^CM owt- OM— iTtno coeoo ^iHOlCOO COOC-mOSN T)<000»^ t~Cvl001C~ 00 i-(I> O o> o o" oi 00 00 O Ci O) CO 00 1 2O0O 0000 3400 7500 7200 5000 oo ooo 8000 6300 7400' 1100 34 in COt-iC4 0440 6154 1685 3136 9100 8100 6100 6200 1200 4500 o g O o g o i 7961 0800 1145 1061 2475 7470 3205 s CO if3 rt »rio -* 00 W -Jb CO C» 00 aOQO SSSSS3 OtCbOO 00 0} 0)0 00 OOOaODOOO) ^ CO o> CO oo s ssssggss oooooo oo O O o o O-dl O O-ia o O O O C :M ■a' CDoo ^00 S 13 1 ^ to o P«' H M g> : : : ; g> go §•<( H : :. : ;h CO M o— - -a -':343o" 0000000 H P" o ^. a • o o o o 3 2 3 «>Co ■CD § :2 ■a b :(!( o a aS "5 ti*^ o o o o a ■^f: n^ o K tn -^ W<) ^ he® "s ^i^ O 0000 00 OOOOO ;a : a o o o o S ;>so o a'>i 'jS'CrS'i 00000 oX 'C 'CQ '^ nS "O bA a o o o g o ^ o< s i^t* o t^ O S fl « , a, !B3 o'-'s gag o aJ3*^ d sO ■3 1 •= a & p £.2 la 3 ?g _ '" BO fl ©"rt ■•"a^oga S o 1^ P'O a>>^ a ^ ^^ ■a « g jj.2 :o S.SP3 g.a ■ .3 .o-9W3-SfeS |lii-pl|-ii a «o ^g rt is £ 124 ANlrHRACl1?E AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. •[800 JO panod jod CO CI 00 n r-: ^ t- CM CO 0"V5010000DOO CO CC 00 t-J» t- t- OS •\V01i ni ftiqiienqcnoQ tn o s t> 00 '^ 1-1 m t- to mOOCO r- ■* OS CS i-H CO c: oi CO oR3 ace ■.§>-!" ej'-'' IS. «ht ^ O C P n ■a H CI « -r-w'oooo 0000000*3 _g ^t-3'^'w'^ rQ >^ rg f^ (Q ri3 I— t4 p^ o . a o to g a a a ooo oooooo^.-u.. g '513'^ 'O'd'O'aTS'cs ® a n a " Un 13 o^o ooSoco a t-iO 5p ooooooeai) ,3 ■ ■si So o C0 0=0 1^ be ^ tfig . ® u a |§§ §§iii S =>£'o = s-i^ S-s t.:2;3 ^M:3 b.^-4 id" ^ g .a 4J P ir « . (fl+j oot-H « a 00 tr ■90a9J0J0J Jqj 0^ ANTHRACITE AND. BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 125 ANALYSES OF COAL. The following analyses of Pennsylvania anthracite were made in ISSi- by Mr. C. H. Ashburner : Percentages of Chemical analysis. constituents of E Name of coal-bed. Name of coal-field. l-t fueL & o 1 ^ a 3 o 1 g 1 II 1 1 ^ S 1* <3 3 Wharton Eastern Middle (Le- high). 3.713 3.080 86. 404 .585 6.218 1.620 96.56 3.44 28.07 5 Mammoth 4.119 3.084 86. 379 .496 5.922 1.617 96.55 3.45 27.99 2 Primrose Western Middle (Shenandoah). 3.541 3.716 81. 590 .499 10. 654 1.654 95.64 4.36 21.93 5 Mammoth — do 3.163 3.717 81. 143 .899 11. 078 1.657 95.62 4.38 21.83 2 Primrose 1 (F)-.. Soathem (Manch^ Chunk). 3.008 4.125 87.982 .506 4.379 1.584 95.52 4.48 21.32 2 Back Monntain . Western Middle (Shenandoah). do 3.042 3.940 82. 662 .462 9.885 1.6D7 95.44 4.56 20.93 T Seven-foot 3.410 3.978 80. 868 .512 11. 232 1.651 95.31 4.69 20.32 7 Mammoth.. Sonthern (Manch Chnnk). Northern (Wilkes. 3.087 4.275 83.813 .641 8.184 1.631 95.15 4.85 "19.62 3 ....do 3.421 4.381 83. 268 .727 8.203 1.575 95.00 5.00 19.00 barre). These analyses are arranged in the order of the percentage of fixed carbon in the fuel constituents. Average composition of iituminom coals and of anthracite. Coal. 1 bJQ o ■I- ,fi ce o 13 1 1- O < fl 1^ ■W^elsh 1.32 1.33 1.26 1.26 1.29 1.28 83.78 88.26 82.24 78.53 79.85 78 82.39 64.52 78.26 66.93 70.55 38.98 62.25 63.40 80.22 79.23 93.81 88.54 90.02 79.91 4.79 4.66 5.42 5.61 4.84 5.82 5.32 4.74 5.70 6.32 5.76 4.01 5.05 2.89 3.05 6.08 1.82 .98 1.45 1.61 1 1.23 1.32 1.27 .8 .64 1.02 .95 .68 .63 1.27 1.36 1.18 1.43 1.77 1.35 1.11 .72 1 .07 1.45 .49 2.2 ■ 1.98 6.14 1.13 .98 1.9 1.43 4.15 .6 6.44 9.69 10.96 8.75 8.32 20.75 10.95 8.7 13.24 13.38 17.54 1.01 4.8 7.24 2.77 '"6.63 4.91 3.26 2.94 4.03 2.4 5.69 2.04 7.74 3.96 15.83 7.52 36.91 13.4 30.45 8.67 4.84 8!ct t2.91 4.84 72.6 84.3 60.67 Scotch .-• - ._..... 54.22 59.33 60.22 Svdnev S "W -. 58.00 1.28 1.24 1.29 ChilL Chirioui Van Dieman's Land : South Cane ...- 1.23 60.33 1.50 1.15 1.10 .52 1.62 1.25 5.66 5.69 '""i.'es' 85.1 65.8 ^ * An analysis by Messrs. Pattinson and Snead (1887) gives C, 88.40 ; H, 3.65 j N, 0.64 ; S, 0.76; 0, 2.55; ash, 3.17; water, 0.83. t Including oxygen. 126 ANTHKACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. ANALYSES OF CO^i— Continued. NEW SOUTH WALES. I.— Northern District. CompositioB, per oeni ., exclusive of water. o p< 1 *i 1 i bO .1 1 1 i Pi u 1.333 1.303 1.297 1.287 1.274 1.323 1.286 79.96 81.06 78.76 78.41 77.37 77.15 82.25 6.26 6.81 6.34 6.60 6.48 6.91 4.38 7.08 6.62 7.28 9.34 10.46 6.07 6.95 0.68 1.23 0.79 1.43 1.51 1.46 1.03 1.25 1.14 1.36 1.44 1.43 1.48 0.35 4.77 4.24 5.47 2.78 2.75 7.93 5.04 2.75 2.21 2.20 2.25 1.85 1.74 1.85 61.86 Watatah 59.97 Australian Agricultural Company, Kewoastle Grota 62.87 67.13 52.65 55.70 Cardiff mine -..-- 54.43 II.— Western District. Eakbank Bowenfells Litbgow Valley Valeof Clwydd 1.335 72.30 5.43 6.65 0.85 1.60 13.17 2.00 1.399 70.72 6.65 9.65 0.93 1.38 11.67 2.36 1.329 69.41 6.10 11.70 1.03 1.44 10.32 1.95 1,323 69.86 5.82 11.89 1.02 1.40 10.01 2.10 62.46 63.18 III. — Southern District. Ifattai 91.24 80.67 78.82 69.92 76.36 3.60 5.30 6.17 4.66 4.75 0.59 1.58 3.87 13.09 5.04 0.70 1.33 0.56 Trace. 0.87 1.00 1.30 0.55 4.56 10.88 9.81 10.58 13.31 3.28 1.60 1.15 1.70 1.03 93.37 Mount Slembla.. 3.363 1.379 1.364 1.471 74.35 64.24 Bulli (R. Smithl 74.78 These coals are free-burning bituininous. Those from the northern district are, as a class, superior to those from the southern, which in turn are better than the western. The northern are brighter and more laminated in appearance than the southern, contain a larger proportion of volatile hydrocarbons, coke more readily, and give off much more smoke. They are shipped from Newcastle and Sydney. Those from the southern district are shipped from Coal Cliff, Bulli, and WoUon- gong. Those from the western district are only partially developed, are very dry, and of a dull appearance, and only coke when freshly mined. NEW ZEALAND. Locality and description. Auckland: Kama mine, Wbangarei, pitch. ... Walton's mine, Whangarei, pitch . Whangarei, glance Waikato, brown Okoko, Waipa, brown Canterbury : Acheron, anthracite Malvern, brown Malvern Hills, altered brown Do Bakala Gorge, brown Kakaia Gorge, glance Homebush Colliery, Malvern, brown. 50.01 38.80 60.11 50.01 39.83 84.12 49.99 63. 29 08. 5 1 50.12 64 51 47.70 37.69 41.20 88.68 29.97 33.74 2.06 35.42. 32.04 19.89 21.61 21.27 30.90 9.61 7.20 8.01 19.82 2i.21 1.80 11.79 12.65 4.15 24.09 6.76 19.20 2.69 12.80 3.20 2.20 4.22 12.12 2.80 2. 02 7.42 4.18 7.46 2.20 6.50 4.96 6.50 6.50 5.17 10.93 6.49 G.92 8.87 C. 50 8.30 6.20 * By Thompson's calorimeter. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 127 ANALYSES OF COAL— Contmnod. NEW ZEALAND— Continued. Iiocality and deacription. Gollingwood, bitiiminous Do OtaKO: ' . £aitangata Creek, brown Do Shag Point, brown Otamataura Creek, bituminous Preservation Inlet, bituminons .- Beefton: New Durham mine, bituminous New Durham mine, brown Laukey's Creek, altered Murray's Creek, bituminous . . . Dudley mine, brown - , Sorinjcfleld Colliery, brown Westland : Grey Kiver, pitch G-rey Hiver, bituminous Black Creek, Grey Elver, pitch Kanierei, bituminons Do Sontb of Kosa, bituminous "West port: Brown Mokihinui, bituminons Do Do Bmnner mine, bituminous Near Cape Farewell, bituminous . . . LOS 22.34 4U.41 33. 32 37.25 30.10 36.63 20.1,9 37.64 35.57 33.29 35.87 35. S8 31.50 55.40 29.44 29.97 24.17 43.44 31.43 37.17 38.86 32.14 34.94 35.68 43.17 3.61 3.60 15.44 19.61 19.20 2.19 4.33 4.36 14.21 6.79 8.18 14.21 18.60 6,20 1.99 8.01 3.81 1.39 6.58 2.60 3.16 3.97 3.96 1.59 2.18 30.02 5.21 2.13 3.73 5.40 8.29 6.19 3.91 2.20 2.01 1.99 1.81 11.90 2.60 6.29 1.82 7.20 2.79 19.40 4.22 2.39 4.14 3.18 6.11 6.00 BEITISH COLUMBIA. i M i .3 Sulphur. Baynes Sonnd mine 64.70 68.27 69.72 51.45 29.65 27.17 30.95 34.00 5.75 2.86 6.58 10.60 2.86 2.75 Wellington,! Departure Bay ................ .... D^aDaimol ... NOVA SCOTIA. Springfield mines Albion mines, Pictou County Acadia mines, Pictou County Sydney mines, Cape Breton . . Gowrie mines, Cape Breton . . 66.60 57.57 61.60 63.00 34.38 24.28 32.27 31.14 30.64 3.78 7.74 7.66 4.32 3.50 1.02 1.48 2.10 3.04 INDIA. Karharbari TJmaria — Banigaqj... Maknm Garo Hills . 66.85 63.03 63.30 60.30 51.80 24.00 29.25 27.60 35.90 46.60 9.15 7.68 9.20 3.80 2.60 * By Thompson's calorimeter. t Por evaporative test, see page 139. ' for another analysis of tnis coal, see page 130, table under " Coal in Alaska.' 128 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. ANALYSES OF CO^i— Continued. CHINA. [Analysis by Mr. J. C. F. Bandolph.' i .a 1 a "•" h M . o 3 "S |5i •i 1 CO 71.0 19.0 10.0 1.71 80.0 11.0 9.0 1.74 47.5 13.0 39.5 1.78 73.0 13.0 14.0 1.72 73.3 13.5 13.2 1.70 72.5 16.5 11.0 1.71 83.8 28.0 8.2 74.0 9.0 17.0 84.2 10.8 5.0 84.0 11.0 5.0 Hemarks. TaDgtse-Kiang Hiver : MuiL-to-aaa. s See-mali-poO'. Woo-ahen-tung OMn-san Tse-lung-chung . - . Kun-chok-wan Ho-peck-tsung-ho . Tsung-lio Hoo-nan Hankow Very soft ; mnoh slack. Very soft ; Mack. Tery soft and slaty. Hard. Surface coal soft and earthy. Hard. Used by steamers on Tangtsc Hard black antbracite. Anthracite, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are semi-anthracites ; Ko. 7 yields about 72 per cent, of good coke. , Weights, evaporative powers per weight and hulk, etc., of coals, ^ [W. E. Johnson and others.] Coale. Specific gravity. Weight per cubic foot. Steam from "water at 212° by 1 pound of fuel. Clinkers from 100 pounds. Space required to scow aton. BITUMIKOUS. Cumberland : Maximum ....... Minimum Duffryn Cannel Wigan Blossburgh Midlothian ; Screened Average !N'ewca.**tle, Hartley .. Pictou Pittsburgh Sydney CaiT's Hartley Clover Hill, Va Canne1ton,Ind Scotch, Dalkeith Chili Japanese, Takaslma. ASTHKACITE. Peach Mountain Forest Improvement .. Beaver Meadow, "So. 5. Lackawanna Welsh, Jones & Co Beaver Meadow, No. 3. Lehigh Patent, Warlioh's 1.313 1.337 L320 1.230 1.324 1.283 1.294 1.267 1.318 L252 1.338 1.262 1.285 1.273 L519 1.231 1.464 1.477 1.554 1,421 1.375 L610 1, 690 1,150 Pounds. 62.92 54.29 53.22 48.30 53.05 45.72 54,04 50.82 49.26 46.81 47.44 47.88 45.49 47.65 51.09 48.30 53.79 53. 66" 56,19 48,89 58.25 54.93 65.32 69.05 Pounds. 10.70 9.44 10.14 7.70 9.72 8.94 8.29 8.66 8.41 8,20 7.99 7.84 7.67 7.34 7,08 5,72 Pounds. 2,13 4,53 10,11 10,06 .9.88 9.79 9.46 9,21 8,93 10,36 3,40 3.33 8,82 3,14 6.13 ,94 2,25 1,86 3,86 L64 5,63 3.03 ,81 ,60 1.24 1.01 1,08 Cubic feet. 42,30 41. 2U 42,09 46.37 42,~20 49,00 41,40 44,00 45,00 47,80 47 20 46,70 ) 49,20 47.00 43.80 41,6 41,7 39,8 45,8 35,45 40,7 40,5 32,44 COAL IN ALASKA. [Extract from Ball's "Alaska and its Resources," (1869).] Page 473. " The following is a list of the known localities of coal up to the (late of writing: "Port Gardner, Hood's Bay, Admiralty Island (good bituminous, used by the Saginaw in 1868) ; Hamilton Harbor, on the east side of Kate Strait (a vein of good bituminous coal opened in July. 1868) ; Kruznoff Bay, Admiralty Island ; Kuin Island ; Kuprianoff Island ; Port Oamden, Kake Strait (a 6 inch vein reported iu hard rock, with a southerly dip of 35°) ; St. John's Bay, Baranoft" Island (fragments in debris of a glacier; recent reports state that the veiu has been discov- ered, and the coal successfully used in a United States steamer) ; Coal Harbor, Unga Island (examined by Dall in 1865) ; coal poor quality, in thin veins, much mixed with slate and silicified wood, quite valueless ; southwest of Aliaska (black lignites, Ermon); Cape Beaufort, Arctic coast (a small vein of true Carboniferous coal); Ahkun (coal said to oc- cur by Lutke); IJnalaska, near Captain's Harbor (small lignite veins according to Vernaminoff); Atka (lignite of poor quality found near Sand Bay); Amchitka (lignite); Wrangell Harbor (coal reported of good quality by General Halleck); and, finally, Cook's Inlet. In the latter locality are found two most promising deposits. " North of Cape Harichkoff the coal is found in two parallel layers ; they are variously reported from 18 inches to 7 feet in thickness, and are found from 36 to 60 feet below the top of the bank. Farther to the north a third layer appears. They continue nearly to Cape Kenelchek with a north-northeast dip, and appear again on the north side of the cape, and then continue, first with a south-southeast dip, and after- wards horizontally to the mouth of a small stream. The coal is Tertiary, and, like most Tertiary coals, is inferior to the Carboniferous coals, both in quality and thickness of seams." ******* Page 475. " Anthracite coal has been several times reported from va- rious ports of Alaska. It is probable that the specimens collected may owe their quality to the local metamorphism of the rocks by heat rather than to the general character of any large deposit. * * * Commer- cially speaking, a vein of coal less than 3 feet thick (of clear coal) is of very little value, except for local use." * * * The annexed table will show at a glance the comparative value and composition of the coals of the different formations on the west coast of America, and the best Carboniferous coals of Pennsylvania and Eng- land. It shows superiority of Cook's Inlet coal, not only oveir all the Miocene coals, but also over all the Cretaceous coals of the Pacific Slope.* * The analysis of tlie Alaska coal was due to Prof. J. S. Newberry, of the School of Mines, Colnmbia College, New York, and State geologist. He says: "This coal is fully equal to any found on the west coast, not excepting that of VancouTer's Island and £ellingbain Bay." 129 11369 D^— 9 130 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. Fonnations. Moistore. Fixed car- bon. 2.34 55.82 4.00 66.56 2.00 56.01 2.34 88.05 0.99 61.70 2.98 46.31 8.39 45.69 14.69 46.84 20.09 41.98 11.60 57.67 9.45 26.21 1.25 49.89 "Volatile combustible matter. Ash. Snlphnr. Variety. CaTboniferoas : Pittsbnrgh.Pa Ormsby.Pa KeBtuciy liObigh, Pa - Newcastle, Eogland Cretaceous : Nanaimo, "Vanconver'a Island. Bellingbam Bay Mount Biabio, California (beat black diamond). Miocene; Coos Bay, Oregon CarborStation,PacificEailroa8 Week's River, PaciHoBailroad Cook's Inlet 34.31 26.93 37.89 2.94 33.55 32.16 33.26 32.59 27.68 58.32 39.87 7.16 2.50 4.10 6.66 3.75 18.65 12.66 4.58 5.34 6.17 3.64 7.82 2.90 2.40 1.20 Bitaminons. Do. Cannel. Anthracite. Bituminous. Li^itic. Do! Do. Do. Do. Do. [Extract from " Eeport upon the Customs Districts, Public Service, and Eesonrces of Alaska Terri- tory," by William Gouvemeur Morris, Special Agent Treasury Department, 1879, p. 103.] Alaska is full of coal. It can be found cropping out all along the coast, islands, and interior. Professor Blake is authority for the fol- lowing, taken from his report upon the mineral resources of the Terri- tory in 1868: "'Coal beds have been worked by the Eussians at several points, bilt chiefly at Kenai on Cook's Inlet. The quality, however, is not equal to that of Kanaimo on Vancouver's Island, to the southward. It i s here important to note that many islands along the northwest coast Irom Vancouver's northward are not formed of volcanic rocks as gen- erally supposed, and stated by some writers, but they consist of strati- fied formations, chiefly sandstones and shells, wbich are favorable to the existence of coal beds, iudicatious of which have been found at various points. It is probable that the formations of Baranoff on Sitka Island and Prince of Wales Island — indeed, of all the islands of that extensive archipelago, are equivalents in age of coal-bearing strata of Vancouver's and Queen Charlotte Islands. On the latter the exist- ence of beds of a very superior quality of anthracite has lately been made known, and samples of it have been tested at San Francisco with satisfactory results. The extent and value of these beds have not been ascertained, but their existence is a most significant fact, and suggests that a continuation of them may be found in a prolongation of the same formation in the islands to the northward within the limits of the recently acquired territory. The points at which I made an ex- amination of the stratified rock formations were at Sitka and the adjoining islands, and at the mouth of the Stickeen Eiver. At these places they consist of sandstones and shales regularly stratified, and passing in some places into hard slate, which project along the shores in thin knife-like reefs. " ' Coal has been noted upon the island of Ounga, on the west side of lakharooskal Bay, in two places. The beds are horizontal, and are probably lignite. Vancouver noted coal on Cook's Inlet. The miners who worked for gold upon the upper part of the Stickeen Eiver in 1862 and 1863 reported coal as existing there. Coal of superior quality in broken and drifted specimens has recently been found by my brother, Mr. Theodore A. Blake, geologist of the Alaska expedition of 1867, ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 131 along the course of a small stream which empties into St. John's Bay, noTth of Sitka. The beds could nofbe found, and their extent is con- sequently unknown.' " Captain White, TJ. S. E. M., says: " ' I have seen coal veins over an area of 40 or 50 miles, so thick that it seemed one vast bed. It has excellent steam quality ; leaves a clear, white ash. It comes out in cube blocks, bright and clean ; it does not cake ; the quantity seems to be unlimited. This bed lies northwest of Sitka, up Cook's Inlet or Bay, which extends to nearly Gl° N., and broadens into a sea in some parts.' " Morris says: ' I had some specimens of coal taken from Admiralty, Island submitted to me at Wrangell, and gave them to the acting chief engineer of the Walcott (revenue cutter), to be tested. He said, as a result of trial: "Coal, bituminous; free burning; comparatively little smoke; intense bright, white heat, and retaining its form similar to English canneL Judge it valuable as grate and steaming coal." " ' I am credibly informed that immensely valuable coal deposits exist on Kon Island, in the Alexander Archipelago. " ' Back of Sitka, at Kake and Kaatzao, are coal mines, no one knows how extensive. At Jarkow and Chitkat the coal crops out in abundance, and to the westward of Sitka it is the testimony of all the traders that coal can be found almost at any place one chooses to land.'" (The latter is on the authority of Major Dodge, Sitka.) [Extract from Alaska Coast PUot, 1869.] "Eighty miles distant from Victoria, on the eastern side of Vancou- ver's Island, extensive deposits of coal occur, known as the Nanaimo mines. These mines were opened in the year 1832 by the Hudson Bay Company, but have since passed into the hands of other parties. " The total shipment of coal from the year 1852 to 1869 probably ex- ceed 200,000 tons. The shipments for the year 1864 were 29,042 tons. The coal is highly bituminous, well suited for household use and steam- ing purposes. The beds are known to belong to the Cretaceous period, and are much upheaved and vaulted, rendering their operation difficult and expensive. " The coal is furnished on the wharf at Nanaimo at $6 (gold) per ton. " In 1868 a mine of the best bituminous coal yet found on our Pacific coast was opened by the United States steamer Saginaw at Mud Bay, Admiralty Island." [Crnise of the Gorwin, Captain Hooper, XT. S. E. M., 1881(?).J "About 8 a. m. we anchored off a coal miue, which, upon examina- tion, was found to consist of several veins, varying in thickness from 1 to 4 feet, lying in a north-northwest and south-southeast direction, and dipping to the south-southwest at an augl© of 45°. Six of these veins were found. * * * We experienced some difficulty at first, owing to the ice and show and a lack of proper appliances for mining, and later in the seas'on on account of the surf on the beach. However, we succeeded at this time in getting about 6 tons, and found it to be of fair quality, very similar to the coal of Seattle, Wash, It burns freely, making very little smoke, but a large amount of ashes; it burns well in the stove. The location of the vein is latitude 68° 50' K, longitude 164° 55' w. * * * There is good anchorage with a southerly wind, within half mile of shore, in 4 fathoms of water, and fair holding-ground. It is well niarked by a peculiar headland, 132 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMIirOUS COA.L FOR NAVAL USE. which terminates seaward in a perpendicular cliff of sandstone and shale some 400 feet high. The veins of coal on the face of the cliff can be seen distinctly at a distance of 1 mile. About 8 miles east of this, at Cape Beaufort, is a small vein of coal, etc. "Our supply of coal being low, and there being but 25 tons at St. Michael's, with the season's work only half completed, it was decided to return to Plover Bay and fill bunkers from the coal stored there by the Eussian Government. * » * Determined to get sufifi- cieut coal from the mine previously mentioned to enable us to make one more effort to reach Herald Island before going to Plover Island to fire up. '^Mining coal for the Gorwin. — ^Ve arrived at the mine on the morn- iu.q- of the 31st, and commenced coaling, but owing to high winds and a rough sea this was attended with many dififlculties, and but slow pro- gress was made. At times we were compelled to stop coaling entirely, the wind blowing so hard that the boats could not pull back and forth. The boats were moored stern to the beach, just clear of the breakers, and the coal, after being sacked, was carried out by the men through the breakers. In this way we succeeded in getting some 15 tons, work- ing until the surf became so heavy that the men could not make way against it, being frequently washed back upon the beach, coal and all." [Extract from report of Lieutanant-Commander H. E. Uicliols, tJ. S. JSTavy, September 26, 1885.] That part of Coal Eeport on " Coal in Alaska," as far as regards southeastern Alaska, is fall of misleading statements and inaccuracies. In 1868, the United States steamer Saginaw worked a cropping of bituminous coal of fair quality at the head of Kootzmahoo Inlet, Ad- miralty Island. This cropping was a small vein below high water, but only a small quantity was taken out for the use of the ship, and with her departure the mine was abandoned. There are other croppings of coal, of excellent quality, at the head of Kootzmahoo Inlet, but below high water. Owing to the difficulties of working in the heavy timber, no active search has yet been made for such croppings as will pay to work or prospect for the mother vein. Near Point Gardner, on Admiralty Island, are large croppings of excellent quality. During the past year, several tunnels have been run searching for the mother vein, but so far without success. It is probable that the work will be taken up again this coming winter. The above is all that is known of coal on Admiralty Island, but the indications are of the strongest that the interior will be found to be an immense coal bed. On Kuiu Island, at Port Camden, and near Port Hamilton, coal was reported in 1867, in small veins, and below high water, by Capt. J. W. White, U. S. R. M. No later reports on the locality have been made and no coal found. There are reports of coal on Kuprianoff Island, and at St. John's Bay, near Sitka, but they are not confirmed, and I doubt the existence of the latter. There is no anthracite coal known in southeastern Alaska, and there has been no mine worked except as above stated. I am not familiar with the coal deposits west of Cape Spencer, but I have every reason to believe that their extent and richness are very much over-estimated. ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 133 ALASKAN COAL. The following analysis of coal from Kootzmahoo Inlet, Admiralty Island, was made by Prof, G. F. Chandler in 1884 : Water (at 100° C).. 3.74 Volatile combustible matter 37.02 Fixed carboa 45.15 Ash 14.09 100. 00 Sulphur, = 0. 72 per cent., distributed between the three last constituents. The coke is powdery and non-coherent. The ash is brown and white. Specific gravity, 1. 45. [Extract from report of Ensign B. G. Terrell, of tlie tj. S. S. Pinta, Lientenant-Commander J. S. Kewell, U. S. Navy, commanding, February 8, 1888.] In the summer of 1887 a company of Killisnov and Sitba men was formed for the purpose of developing the deposit of coal on Admiralty Island. A tunnel was l5egun at the point where the Saginaw stopped work, and run inshore, following the vein. About 20 tons of clean coal were taten out, some of the lumps weighing as much as 70 pounds. The vein at the mouth of the tunnel was small, but increased in size as the tunnel was lengthened. A'fter continuing the tunnel for about 100 feet, on practically the same level, the vein inclined upward and appeared again as surface croppings. At tliis point the vein had widened to nearly 8 feet, but the quality had greatly deteriorated. .Several additional tunnels were run in this locality in the same gen- eral direction, with similar results. On account of the lack of suitable machinery for prospecting under water, no attempt was made to pros- pect the vein under the inlet, and work was stopped for the season. The prospectors are sanguine of ultimate success, and will continue their efforts' to locate the mother vein by boring or by sinking shafts. Anthracite has recently been reported in the vicinity of Takutat, but the report has not been confirmed. III. TESTS OF GOAL. 135 TESTS OF COAL. TTNITED STATES. Anthracite : Blackbeath Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Boston Broad Mountain Council Kidge Hazleton Lackawanna - Do Lehigli , Locust Mountain Do Do Do Do Pittston Scranton Scbuyllcill County .-. Spring Mountain Susquohanna, Harvey'a mine. Susquehanna Talley Semi-bituminouB : Broad Top, Pa Do Do Ormsby, Pa Do Do Do Brookfield, Pa Glen Carbon, Pa Cumberland, Md... Do Do Cumberland, Md., George', Creek. Do. Cumberland, Md Do Do Do Do • Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Frostbnrg, Md Do Do ITewKiver, W. Va Do Do So 36 36 47i 41i m 585 36' 36 36 36 36 36 90 36 36 36 36 36 47i 36 75,9 78i 58S :)6 90 90 90 90 90 36 30 75.9 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 30 30 30 30 30 30 1,144 9-.2 8.50 760 1,484 1,057 1, 303 1,303 1,303 1,303 1,144 1,144 1,144 1,144 1,144 1,144 2,090 1,144 952 856 760 1,144 981 1,144 1,818 2,374 1,303 1.303 1,144 2,690 2,690 2,690 2,690 2,690 1,144 2,374 954 2,060 1,144 1,818 687.3 68' 687.3 687.3 687.3 687.3 687.3 687.3 687.3 687.3 687.3 687.3 687.3 687.3 960 960 960 960 960 960 a o„- o C.157 4.7f9 4.104 3.420 0.000 5,368 10. OUO 10. 000 10. 000 10. 000 0. 157 0.157 0.157 0.157 6.157 6.157 28.33 6.157 4.789 4.104 3.420 6.157 6.131 6.157 12. 500 12.441 10. 000 lO.OCO 6.157 28.33 28.33 28.33 28.33 28.33 6.157 12.442 4.909 11.5 6.157 12.5 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5,3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.3 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 6.75 8.75 So .2 » 9 a fel =3 z o t^ 3 PiM 13. 866 12. 444 13. 084 12.857 11.383 10. 744 8.163 7.917 11.036 10. 363 12. 009 11.911 12.620 12.974 12.501 12.753 11.411 12.710 11.011 l:). .133 9.810 10. 600 12. .138 12. 199 11. 346 11.185 11. 105 11.041 11.624 11.686 10. 939 4.400 7.833 12.192 22. 956 18. 522 14. 001 11. 516 11. 974 9.454 10.977 11.031 10 12.5 15 17.5 22.5 27.5 30 32.5 35.0 .ST. 5 40 42.5 45 60 7.820 11. 634 13. 987 7.990 13. 0.33 U, 366 8.337 9.444 9.573 10. 399 10.345 12. 044 11. 547 11.060 10.413 8.802 8.229 9.053 8.853 9.225 9.054 8. 2.50 8.685 P. 418 8.945 9.773 9.889 8.628 8.379 8.660 n, 176 9.977 9.363 10. 321 10.484 9.974 9.442 9.143 8.987 8.809 8.297 9.208 9.297 10.043 8.726 10. 285 ID. 738 9.11 9.11 9.93 9.50 7.29 8.24 7.49 7.79 7.23 7.24 6.61 6.12 6.25 5.51 10. 336 9.936 9.691 10. 959 10. 202 10, 139 Authority. Experimental Researches in Steam Engineering. — leh- erwood. Do. Do. Do. 1)0. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 1)0. Do. Do. Experiments at Washington navy-yard, 1886. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. lort of Board of ITayal Engineers, 1878. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. 137 Eepo 138 ANTHRA.CITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. TESTS OF COJi— Continued. tTNlTED STATES— Continned. s 11 o 1 ° g ftta Anthority. SpUnt: 30 30 30 3G 21.25 21.25 21.25 21.25 21.25 21.25 960 960 960 1,144 6.75 6.73 6.75 0.157 7.872 12.977 21.215 12.429 9.980 9.481 7.582 S.307 6.22 6.77 6.78 ■ 7.69 7.61 8.88 , Report of Board of Naval Engineers. 1878. Do ■ Do Do Do. Bitaminous : Eagleton, Pa Experimental Researches in Steam Engineering.— Isher- ■wood. Mr. A. Worthington; tests at Genesee Mills, San Francisco, 1883. Do Black Diamond, Wash* Eenton (screening), Wash. Do. Do Do Seattle (lamp), Wash Do. South Prairie, Wash 28.9 Do. * These tests were made "witli a 136 horse-power Babcock & AVilcox boiler. The heating is probably at least forty times the grate surface. "WELSH. s 9 h « . O f=l P.So Authority. Nixon's Navigation . Do Do Do Do Do Thomas Merthyr Nant Melyne Merthyr Blaen-avon Cwm-aman Merthyr, Aherdat« . Fothergill's, Aberdare Globe Serthyr Do Do Hood's Merthyr Tylor's Merthyr Do Do Radford's Navigation Powell's Duffryn Do. Do. Do. Do. Do . Do. 37.9 26.25 18.9 18.9 18.9 18.9 37.9 37.9 37.9 37.9 15.3 2.63 2.63 3.39 3.39 4.18 4.32 4.69 1,084 1,116 618 618 618 618 1,084 1,084 1,084 1,084 711 211.5 192.5 218.1 218.1 167.7 226.7 238.1 21.70 88.60 96.03 78.90 62.20 19.00 17.44 16.13 18.40 20.60 24.17 22.13 23.50 24.17 24.17 23.01 23.66 24.23 18.3 11.97 12.98 13.44 13.47 20.91 8.71 9.39 9.915 8.566 7.15 7.60 7.90 8.49 10. 166 9.692 9.908 10. 123 10. 690 10. 780 10. 512 10. 046 10. 925 11. 003 11. 069 11. 069 11. 330 12.96 12.26 12.27 12.59 10.14 12. 99 11.21 Ger. Adm'v testa, 1874-'85. Mr. P. C. Marshall, 1886. British Admiralty tests with Thornycrott torpedo - boat boiler, 1880. Do. Do. Do. Gorman tests, 1 874-77. Do. Do. Do. British Adm'y tests, 1874-'77. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Rich &, Sumeedy. Engineering, Nov. 18, 1887. Report of Messrs. Bram* , 'vreU & Anderson. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. ANTHRAClTlii AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOE NAVAL USE. 139 t TMSTS OF CO^L— Continued. ENGLISH. ■So o o o £■« Oh Antliority. CowpenCamTjoisSariley .-. , Do Do Do Do Newcastle KouDdwood Eamsley Bteam coal Do , Do LoDgrigg NaTigation - Do Do "Black Mine," Dntinfleld Deep Pit. Do 26.25 26.25 26.25 26.25 37.9 1,116 1,116 1,116 1,116 1,084 8,390 8,390 30.82 98.30 107. 90 120. 80 118. 10 23.14 24.30 24.70 26.25 23.63 24.17 24.89 15.19 17.91 6.889 6.620 6.566 8.634 9.831 9.708 9.809 10. 322 10. 300 10.333 9.720 8.970 British Adm'y 4ests,1870-'77. Mr. F. C. Marshall, 1886. Do. Do: Do. German Adm'y test, 1875. Britisli Adm'y' testa, 1876-77. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Engineer, July 3 and 17, 1885. Do. SCOTCH. lochGelly 37.9 10.8 37.9 1,034 1,503 1,084 24.30 16.58 24.34 8.171 8.625 8.239 German Adm'y test, 1878. Cannel...... . .......... German Adm'y test, 1875. ■WESTPHALIAN. Mean of 60 tests of coal from ten mines Maximum — Wolfsbank mine, 4 teats. . . Minimnm — Verein Eonifacias mine, 4 t«8ts. * 37.9 1,084 18. 934 18. 914 '20. 637 10. 095 10.470 9.847 German Adm'y tests, 1874-'86. Do. Do. AUSTEALIAN. WaikatOiN.Z., hand picked Waikato, N. Z.,aaanpplied : Do "Wallsend or Newcastle, N. S. "W. ..■-.. . Tlvoli (GuUand mine, Ipswich) from Brisbane, Qneeualand. >37.9 1,084 44.80 40.48 39.38 118.719 18.112 7.439 7.468 7.488 8.691 8.024 British Adm'y testa, 1876-'77. Do. Do. German Adm'y teat, 1876. Do. JAPANESE.' Xakasima . Do.. ]37.9 1,084 529. 904 n9.465 6.236 7.820 German Adm'y tests,1875-'76. Do. BRITISH COLtTMBIAN.t "W'eningtoD, screening "Wellington, lamp East Wellington, screening 21.25 7.80 1 D.30 7.72) Mr. A.Worthington ; tests at Genesee Mills, San Fran- cisco, 1883. * The beat Japanese coal is Shinbara, found on Knsii Island. t These testa were made with a 136 horse-power Baboock & Wilcox boiler. The heating is probably at least forty times the grate surface. 140 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOtTS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. TESTS OF CO^Z— Continued. COMPEESSED FUEL. Crown preserved fuel — Cardiff Crown preserved fuel — ' ' X^umpquort " Do Crown preserved tuel — ' ' JN'ixon's Nav- igation." Nixon's Navigation Nixon, Tylor, and Cory Grants Patent Cambrian Imperial >. Do Do Do Compress'?d fuel from New Zealandxoal Do Do Briquettes from Westpbalian coal: ATean of 29 tests — 10 varieties Max. — Franciaka Tiof bau — 1 teat . - Min.— Wurmrevier zu KohLscbeid, 1 test. Briquettes d' Anzin Do Do Do 70.9 .9" 1,084 1, 08-1 3,264 21.68 23.01 21.88 24.00 23.63 25.26 26.46 24.00 24.17 22,13 22.32 44. 8u 40.48 39.38 fl9. 524 ) 18. 900 m.623 41.09 51.19 61.43 60.90 "S o |i, ftSo 8.734 9.340 9.270 10. 534 10. 378 10,824 10. 835 10. 300 10.266 10. 724 10. 757 7.439 7.488 7.48» 10. 016 10. 470 9.051 9.83 9.77 9.468 9.636 Authority. German Adm'ytest, 1875. British Adm'ytests, 1876-'77. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Ger. Adm'y testa, 1874-86. Do. Do. French experiments with boiler of the Marcttaii, forced draft, 1885. JRate of evaporation of coals and patent fuels. Fuels. Bate of evap- oration or ponnds evap- orated per hour. Weight per cubic foot. Stearafrom water at 212° by! pound of fuel. Coals : "Welsh Newcastle ... Lancashire .. (Scotch Derbyshire .- Patent fuel ; Warlich's LivinKstone'a lion's.. wylam's Bell's Pounds. 448 411 448 431 433 458 484 409 419 549 Pounds. 53.1 49.8 49.7 50. 47.2 65.6 61.1 65.1 65.3 Pounds. 9.05 8.37 7.94 7.7 7.58 10.36 10.03 9.58 8.92 8.63 ANTHRACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NAVAL USE. 141 The following: is a list of the varieties of Welsh andEuglish coal pur- chased by the British Admiralty for use on Her Majesty's ships. They arc divided into two classes, those marked 1 being decidedly better than those marked 2. The three varieties marked * are not shipped abroad, being too soft. WELSH. 1. Ferudale. 1. Harris' Deep Navigation. 1. National Merthyr. 1. Nixon's Navigation. 1. Penrikyber. 1. Tylor's Merthyr. 2. Cambrian Navigation, a. Cyfartlia. 2. Dowlais Merthyr (Vochriw pits, Nos. 1 and 2, and Bedlinog pit only). 2. Globe Merthyr (Gelli pit). 2. Hill's Plymouth Merthyr. 2. Hood's jierthyr. *2. Lewis' Merthyr. 2. Locket's Merthyr. 2. Ocean Merthyr. 2. Peutre. 2. Powell's Dnffryn. *2. Standard Merthyr. ENGLISH (north COUNTRY) 1. Cowpen Camboise Hartley. 1. Davison's West Hartley. 1. West Hartley Main. 2. Broomhill West Hartley (New Low- Main). 2. Hasting's Hartley. *2. Wigan Hartley (Pearson & Knowles' Pembertou, 4'foot seam only). Hitherto Scotch coal has not been used, but an order has recently (February, 1888) been given for several lots from the Slamannan dis- trict, with a view to its use should the tests prove satisfactory, FroduoHon of coal in the United States in 1886. States and Territories. Alabama Arkansas California -. Colorado Dakota G-corgia Idaho lUiDois Indiana ^ Indian Territory Iowa Kansas Kentucky ...-' Maryland Michigan - Missouri Montana New Mexico Ohio Oregon - Pennsylvania (anthracite) . . Pennsylvania (bituminous) - Tennessee Texas Utah Virginia Washington Territory West Virginia Wyoming Total .....i 107,681,679 147,186,755 Quantity Value at (short tons). mines. 1, 800, 000 $2, 574, 000 125, 000 200, 000 100, 000 300, 000 1,308,338 3, 215, 594 25,955 45, 277 223, OOO 384, 500 1,500 6, 000 9, 246, 436 10, 263, 543 3, 000, 000 3, 450, 000 534, 380 855, 328 4,312,921 5,391,151 1, 400, 000 1, 680, 000 1, 550, 000 I, 782, 500 2, 517, 577 2, 391, 698 60,434 90 051 1,800,000 2, 340, COO 49, 546 174,400 271, 285 813,80) 8,435,211 8,013,400 45,000 112, 5110 36,696,475 71,578,120 26, 160, 730 21,010,235 1, 714, 290 1,971,434 100, 000 185, 000 200, 000 420, OCiO 684,951 684,901 423, 525 952, 931 4,005,790 3, 805, 606 829,335 2,488,065 I^^. INDEX 143 IN^DEX BXPLAHAIION OF SYMBOLS. Under Coai, — C = more than 1,000 tons. C« = 500 to 1,000. C3 = 100to500. C = none. Under Docks— D' = for vessels 340 by 60 by 21 feet, or larger. * D^ =: for vessels 270 by 50 by 18 feet, or larger. * "D' = for vessels 210 by 40 by 15 feet, or larger. * D''=:for vessels 150 by 30 by 12 feet, or larger. ' K' = marine railway for vessels of more than 2,000 tons. E'-' = marine railway for vessels of 1,000 to 2,000 tons. R' = marine railway for vessels of 500 to 1,000 tons. DR° = neither dock nor marine railway. Under Ma.chinery-rbpaik facilities — M' = for building engines and boilers of high power. M^ = for ordinary repairs. M' = poor. Mo^none. Name of port. t>5,C8 H'w . ID . oj en 2 s;-s (D C8 g ° 5"^ &0 O S g-R W o P s A. c T)^ Ml 70 C* 50 C M^ 50 c* DRo M3 66 c R^ M' 60 c DR" m 106 C3 DR" M3 92 c^ DR» M" 68 c^ DE» M» 60 c» DR" M" 104 c D^ M2 106 c» DR" M" 92 c Di M^ 106 c^ DR9 92 m.and draaght. Aberdeen, Scotland Acajutla, San Salvador . . . Aoapulco, Mexico Aoheen, Sumatra Adelaide, South Australia. Aden, Arabia Adra Marbella, Spain Akyab, India Albany, West Australia... Alexandretta, Syria Alexandria, Egypt Algeciras, Spain Algiers, Algeria Alicante, Spain . -■ * The three dimensions given are length, beam, 'and 11369 C D 10 145 146 INDEX, Name of port. o 1^" Almeria, Spain (see Adra Marbella) Alta ta, Mexico Amapala, Honduras Amboina, Moluccas Amherst, Magdalen Island, Gulf of St. Lawrence . . . AmUerstburg, Ontario Amuy, China Amsterdam, Holland Anguilla, West Indies Annapolis, Nova Scotia Antigua, West Indies Antwerp, Belgium Apia, Samoa Appledore, England Aracaju, Brazil Ardrossan, Scotland Arecibo, Porto Eico Arendal, Norway Arica, Chili Arichat, Madame Island, Nova Scotia Ascension Island Aspinwall, United States of Colombia (see Colon).. Auckland, New Zealand Ayr, Scotland Azna, San Domingo Bahia, Brazil Babia Blanca, Argentine Republic ' Bahia Honda, Cuba Baltimore, Maryland Bauana, Congo River ^. Banana Creek (see St. Paul de Loanda) Bangkok, Siam Baracoa, Cuba Barcelona, Spain Barcelona, Venezuela Bari, Italy Barranquilla, United States of Colombia Barrington, Nova Scotia Barrow, England Bassein, Burmab. Basseterre, St. Kitt's, West Indies Bafitia, Corsica C3 C" C" C3 c c c C3 C" C3 c C° c c c 0° CI CI C' C= c> C3 CI c» DE" DRo DE" DE» D^ D- DE» DE" DR» D' DE" D3 DR" D" DE" DE" DE° D' Ri DR" DR" DE" D' DR" D* DR" DR» DE" Di DE" DE" M-^ M" M« W M" M= M3 M" M" M3 M" M2 M' M^ M" M" M" Ml M" M-= M" M^ M^ M" M" m M" INDEX. 147 Name of port. Batavia, Java Bathurst, West Africa Beirut, Syria Belfast, Ireland Belize, Honduras Belleville, Ontario Benisaf, Algeria Bergen, Norway , Bilbao, Spain Bima, Sumbawa Island Blueflelds, Nicaragua Blyth, England Boca del Toro, United States of Colombia.. Bombay, India Bona, Algeria Bordeaux, France Boston, Massachusetts Boulogne-sur-Mer, France Brake, Germany Bremerhaven, Germany Brest, France Bridgetown, Barbadoes Brisbane, Queensland Bristol, England Buenaventura, United States of Colombia. Buenos Ayres, Argentine Eepublio Buffalo, New York Burntisland, Scotland Bushire, Persia CabaHos, Cuba Cadiz, Spain Cagliari, Sardinia Calais, France Calcutta, India Caldera, Chili Callao, Peru Camden, New Jersey Cameroon, West Africa (see Fernando Po) .. Campano, Venezuela -, Cannes, France Canton, China Cape Canso, Nova Scotia Q c C" c C^ c c^ c» c° c C" c c CI c CI CI c c> c c & c» c CI CI CI c CI C3 M D' DE" D3 DE" DEO DE" D' D' DE" D* DE^ Di D' Di DE» D^ T>^ Di "DE° D^ D3 DE" X)4» D' DE" DE" D' D2 DE» D2 DE» D2 D3 DE" DE° S M^ M^ w M- M^ M' M' W M' M' M" W W Ml MS M^ M» m M' M" M" M' M» MO M2 W M^ M^ M» ' At San Fernando. 148 INDEX. Name of port. Cape Coast Castle, Grnisea Cape Haytien, Hayti Cape Lisbnrne, Alaska ■ Cape Town, South Africa Careenage, St. Bartholomew, West Indies . Cardenas, Cuba Cardiff, Wales Carrictfergns, Ireland Carrizal Bajo, Chili Cartagena, United States of Colombia Carthagena, Spain Casa Blanca, Morocco Castellamare, Italy Castro, Island of Chios Catania, Italy Cattaro, Austria Cavite, Manila Cayenne, French Guiana Ceara, Brazil Cephalonia, Greece Cette, France Chagos Archipelago (see Diego Garcia) Charleston, South Carolina .1 . Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island Chatham, England Chatham, Ontario Chefoo, China Chemulpo, Corea Cherbourg, France Chicago, Illinois Chimbote, Peru Chin-Kiang, China " Chittagong, India Chiistiania, Norway Christiansand, Norway Christiansted, Santa Cruz, West Indies Cienfuegos, Cuba Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela Civita Vecchia, Italy Cleveland, Ohio Cobija, Chili Coburg, Ontario C" Ci c» C" c» C3 c° c c c c c» Ci C" c c CI c C= c c C> DRo DE» D' DR" D'' DR" DRO D' DR» DR" R2 DRO DR" DR» DR" D< DR» D> D< DR» D' D3 DR» DR» DR» D< D3 DRO R'' DRO D' V „ CO MO MO M» M' M" M^ MO M^ M» M" M' M^ MO M3 MO M= M» M' M» MO W M' MO MO MO M' W M' C DRO M» INDEX. 149 Name of port. o Q o CoUingwood, Ontario Colombo, Ceylon Colon, United States of Colombia , Colonia, Uruguay Congo Eiver (see Banana) , Constantinople, Turkey Coos Bay, Oregon .Copenhagen, Denmark Coquimbo, Chili Corfu, Greece ^. .. Corinto, Nicaragua Cork, Ireland Cornwallis, Nova Scotia Corral, Chili Corunna, Spain , Cow Bay, Nova Scotia Cronstadt, Russia Cumana, Venezuela Curasao, West Indies Cuxhaven, Germany Dakar, Senegambia Dantzic, Germany , Dardanelles, Turkey Deli, Sumatra Demerara, British Guiana Denia, Spain '. ... Departure Bay, Vancouver Island Desterro, Brazil Detroit, Michigan » Devpnport, England , Diego Garcia, Chagos Archipelago Diego Suarez, Madagascar (see Hellville) Dieppe, France Digby, Nova Scotia Dublin, Ireland '. Dumbarton, Scotland Dundee, Scotland Dunedin, New Zealand Dunkirk, France Durban, South Africa East London, South Africa Elmira, Guinea C^ c c CI CI c c CI c CI CI c c c c- c» c c c CI c DR" DR» DRo Di DR» D2 DR" IjRo DR" D^ DR» DRo Di DRo DRo D' DRo DR" D< DRo DR» DR" D3 D' Di DR» DR" D3 D3 D^ D3 DR» DRo M-2 M» M-2 M° Ml M^ M' M° Ma M" M» M" M» M' M3 M" M^ M° M» M" M' M" M" M" M-^ Ml Ml Ml M" M^ 150 INDEX. Name of port. Elsinore, Denmark Ergasteria, Greece Erie, Pennsylvania Esqnimanlt, Vancouver Island Eten, Peru Falmoath, England Fayal, Azores (see Horta) Fen^ri ve, Madagascar Fernando Po, Gulf of Guinea Ferrol, Spain Finmo, Austria Flushing, Holland Foo-Chow, China Fort de France, Martinique, West Indies. Fredericksted, Santa Cruz, West Indies.. Freetown, Sierra Leone Fnnchal, Madeira Gaboon River (see Libreville) Galveston, Texas Ga8p6 Basin, Quebec Gefle, Sweden Grenoa, Italy Georgetown, Demerara Greorgetown, Prince Edward Island Gibraltar, Spain Gijon, Spain Girgenti, Sicily Glasgow, Scotland Gonalves, Hayti Gothenburg, Sweden Graciosa, Azores Grao de Valencia, Spain Gravosa, Austiia (see Cattaro) Great Corn Island, Central America Greenock, Scotland Greytown, Nicaragua Grimsby, England Guantanamo, Cuba Guayama, Porto Rico Guayaquil, Ecuador Guaymas, Mexico Gaemsey, Channel Island C C C> C C C C= c° c- c CI c- c^ c cs c c CI CI c c c c c c» c c c c c o Q D< DR" DRo D' DR" D' DR» DRo 3 ca'-H M" M- M" Ml M- M" D> Ml DR» M" D' Ml D' W- D' M^ DR" M" DRo M" DR» M= DR» DR" D^ D* DR» DR» DRo D' DR" D' DR» D' DR" DR» DRo Mii M- Mi JI- M" M= M° M' DR» MO DR» i • M^ M» M' M" W M3 M" M" e3 Ph 84 102 8 46 52 74 108 44 112 90 100 86 64 30 28 110 108 112 22 12 80 96 38 14 92 90 98 78 26 80 108 92 100 34 76 34 72 24 28 52 52 88 INDEX. 151 Name of port. Haifa, Syria Hakodate, Japan Halifax, Nova Scotia Hamilton, Bermuda Hamilton, Ontario Hamburg, Germany ■ .' Hankow, China Harbor Grace, Newfoundland Havana, Cuba Havre, France , Hellville, Madagascar Helsingburg, Denmark {see Elsinore) Helsingfora, Russia '. Hilo, Hawaii Hioga, Japan Hobart Town, Tasmania Hoiko w, Hainan Holyhead, Wales Honfleur, France Hong-Kong, China Honolulu, Hawaii Horta (Fayal), Azores Horten, Norway Hnasco, Chili Huelva, Spain Hull, England Ithang, China Iqnique, Chili Jaffa, Syria Jaffna, .Ceylon Jaluit, Marshall Island Jamestown, Ponapi, Caroline Islands Jamestown, St. Helena .". . Jelli-Koffe, West Africa (see Cape Coast Castle) . Jeremie, Hay ti - Jersey, Channel Islands Jersey City, New Jersey Johanna Island, Comoro Group Kadiak (see Sitka) Karlskrona, Sweden Keelung, Formosa Keyham, England (see Devonport) C3 O C» CI C" c CI CI c .c» c c^ c c Ci CI c^ c c c c^ c» C3 c c° DR" Ri D' DR» DR» D' D' DR» D^ DR» D* R» D' DR1 D' W DRo D' DR" Di DRo DRf DRo DR° DR" DR" DR" D^ DR" _a « 4^ M" M" M^ m M" M" M« m M3 M' M2 M2 M^ M' 'M" M^ M" M" M" M' M" M" 152 INDEX. Name of port. o o Q S t. ■^ Key West, Florida Kiel, Germany Kingston, Jamaica Kingston, Ontario Kin-Kiang, China Konigsberg, Germany Kotei, Borneo KurracheOj India Labuan Island Lagos, West Africa Laguayra, Venezuela Lahaina, Hawaii La Libertad, San Salvador Las Palmas, Grand Cauary Islands . Laraiche,~Morocco La Eochelle, France Latakia, Syria Laauceston, Tasmania La Union, San Salvador '. Lebu, Chili Leghorn, Italy Leith, Scotland Levuka, Fiji Islands Libreville, Gaboon Eiver Lioata, Sicily Limasol, Cyprus Limerick, Ireland Liugan, Nova Scotia Lisbon, Portugal Liverpool, England Liverpool, Nova Scotia Xiivingston, Guatemala Llanelly , Wales Lobos de Afuera, Peru London, England Londonderry, Ireland L'Orient, France Lota, Chili Louisburg, Nova Scotia Liibeok, Germany Ly ttleton. New Zealand Maceio, Brazil C^ C c c^ c c c c CI c c c CI c» CI c c c c c c c DRo D' DRD DK" DR" DR" DR» DE» DRO DR» D3 DRO D' Di DR° DRO DRO DRO D' D^ Di DRO E» DRO D' D^ Di DRO •DRO D' D' M2 Ml M^ M^ MO M» MO MO W W W Ml MO MO MO M9 m M' M' MO M^ MO Ml Ml M2 MO M2 INDEX. 153 Name of port. 13 o ij o O 3.b S Madras, India Mah6, Seychelles Islands Malaga, Spain Maldonado, Uruguay , Malmo, Sweden , Malta, Phillippine Islands , Manila, Phillippine Islands Maracaibo, Venezuela Maranhao, Brazil Mariel, Cuba , Marsala, Italy Marshall Islands (see Jaluit) Marseilles, France Matanjoras, Mexico Matanzas, Cuba Matapi, Henderson Island, New Britain . Mayaguez, Porto Rico Mayotte, Comoro Islands Mazagan, Morocco Mazatlan, Mexico Melbourne, Victoria Mersina, Syria Medina, Sicily Middleburg, Holland (see Flushing) Middlesborough, England Milford, Wales Milazzo, Sicily... ., Mobile, Alabama Moohima, Venezuela Mogador, Morocco Mojunga, Madagascar Monaco Monrovia, Liberia Montevideo, Uruguay Montreal, Quebec Montserrafc, West Indies Mossel Bay, South Africa Monlmein, British Burmah Mourandara, Madagascar Mozambique, South Africa Muscat, Arabia Mytilene, Asia Minor C C c CI CI CI c» CI C" C3 CI c c- c» c^ CI c CO c C3 CI c° c» c CI c c c c c C^ DE» DRo DR" DRo T>* D' R^ DR» DR° DRo DR» DR» DRO DRO DRO DRO Di DRO Di D" D3 D3 DRO DRO DRO DRO D^" D^ DRO DRO D* DRO DRO DRO M3 MO M- Mo M^ m MO M3 MO M2 MO MO MO MO MO MO M= Ml W MO MO MO MO M^ M== i..o MO MO MO M- 154 INDEX. Name of port. Nagasaki, Japan Nanaimo, Vanconver Island , . . . Nantes, France Naples, Italy Naqnaba, Porto Rico Nassan, Bahama Islands iSTatal, Brazil Navao, Brazil Negapatum, India Nei-Afu, Vavu Island, Tonga Nevis, West Indies Newcastle, Ne n- Brunswick Newcastle, New South Wales Newcastle-on-Tyne, England New Chwang, China New London, Conneotiont New Orleans, Louisiana Newport, England Newport, Rhode Island Newport News, Virginia New York, New York Nice, Fnince (see Villefranche) Ningpo, China Norfolk, Virginia Nordenhamm, Germany Norrkoping, Sweden North Shields, England North Sydney, Nova Scotia No8si-B6, Madagascar (see HellviUe) Noumea, New Caledonia Nnevitas, Cuba Odessa, Russia Olympia, Oregon Oporto, Portugal Oran, Algeria Osaka, Japau (see Hiogo) Ouualaska, Alaska Owen Sound, Ontario Pacasmayo, Peru Padang, Sumatra Pago Pago, Samoau Islands PaimboBuf, France c c c c C» C3 c C» c c CI c^ c Ci c CI c c c< c c c c c c» c c- c> c» c c 1 " " 1 Pag Di W 60 DRo w 46 D' E- DR» DR» DRo DR» DR» R» D' DR» DR" D3 D-^ DR" DR" D' DR» DR" D» R= DK" DR» DRo DR" DR» DR» D" DR" DR" DR» D» M> JP M' M3 M» M» M» 5P JI' M» W M" M« Jl" M' JI' JI- M» M- M- M" M" Mo INDEX. 155 Name of port. Palermo, Sicily Palma, Spain Panama, United States of Colombia Pap^iti, Tahiti, Society Islands Para, Brazil Parahi'ba, Brazil Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana Parrsborough, Nova Scotia Patras, Greece Paysandu, Uruguay Payta, Peru Pearl Lagoou , Central America Pembroke, Wales Penang, Malacca Pensacola, Florida Perim Island Pernambuco, Brazil , Peterhead, Scotland PetropauloYski, Russia Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Pichilinque Bay, Lower California Pictou, Ontario Pictou, Nova Scotia Piraeus, Greece Plymouth, England Pointe- Jl-Pltre, Guadaloupe Point de Galle, Ceylon Pola, Austria Ponapi, Caroline Islands (see Jamestown) . Ponce, Porto Eico Pondioherry, India Portland, Maine .*. Portland, Oregon Portsmouth, Dominica Portsmouth, England Portsmouth, New Hampshire Port Castries, St. Lucia, West Indies Port Clarence, Alaska Port Elizabeth, South Africa Port Hawkesbury, Nova Scotia Port Hood, Nova Scotia Port Hope, ipntario o C Ci CI c CI c» c^ c C3 CI C" c CI c CI c^ c c c» CI c» c C3 c^ CI Ci c c CI C^ CI c c c DR° DE" DR» DE" DE» DE» DE» DRo DR° DR" DRO DRO Di D< DRO DRO DRO D" DRO D' DEO D' R2 DRO D' DRO DRO Di DRO D' D' DRO Di D' DRO DRO DRO E'' DEO DRO a -a .2 =3 !.. u M^' MO M' MO Ml MO M^ MO MO MO MO M' W MO M^ MO Ml MO M3 Ml M» M' M? Ml MO' Ml M" Ml Ml MO MO M^ M» 156 INDEX. Name of port. Port Joggins, Nova Scotia Port Limon, Costa Rica Port Louis, Mauritius , Port Mahou, Minorca Port Mulgraye, Nova Scotia Port Natal, South Africa Port Nipe, Cuba Port an Prince, Hayti Port Eoyal, South Carolina Port Said, Egypt Port Sarnia, Ontario Port Spain, Trinidad Port Stanley, Falkland lalf) nds , Port Tbwnsend, Washington Territory ., Porto Grande, Canary Islands. , Porto Prayo, Cape Verde Islauda , Poti. Russia Pozzuoli, Italy (see Naples) Puerto Bello, United States of Colombia Puerto Cabello, Honduras Puerto Cabello, Venezuela Puerto Cortez, Honduras , Puerto Plata, San Domingo Pulo Brasse(seeAcheen) , Pulo Laut, Borneo.... Punta Arenas, Chili {see Sandy Point) . . . Punta Arenas, Costa Rica , Quebec, Quebec Queenstown, Ireland Rabat, Morocco , Rangoon, India Revel, Russia Rhodes Riga, Russia Rio Caribe, Venezuela Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Rio Hacha, United States of Colombia Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Rochefort, France Rodi, Italy Eonne, Denmark Rosario, Argentine Republic C9 O O C3 c c C3 c c C^' c c c c c» C3 c c» CI c DE" DE» D^ DR" DE» DR» DR" DR" DE° DE° DK" DE» DR" DE" DE° DE» DE» DE" DE» DE° D' Di C> C C» c c D2 DE" E' Ci C° c c» DE" D' D^ DE» DE» DR» q ^H m I £-3 M^ M2 M-^ MO -m M» M" M^ M3 W MP MP M' M" M" M« M" M' M« MS M» M» M» M" M2 MO M^ MO INDEX. 157 Name of port. O Bosean, Dominica Botterdam, Holland BoQStchonk, Bulgaria BuBsell, New Zealand Sabanilla, United States of Colombia Saffi, Morocco ■. Sagna la Grande, Cnba Saigon, Cochin China Sainte Marie de Madagascar Salaverry, Peru Sal Isle, Cape Verde Island Salonica, Turkey Samana, San Domingo Sandy Point, Chili Santander, Spain Santiago, Cape Verde Island ...' Santiago de Cnba Santos, Brazil Saasebo, Japan Savannah, Georgia Savona, Italy San Bias, Mexico San Diego, California San Domingo, West Indies San Fernando, Argentine Eepublic(see Buenos Ayres) San Francisco, California San Jos^ de Guatemala San Juan, Porto Eloo San Juan del Norte, Nicaragua San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua... : San Lucar, Spain San Nicolas, Hayti San Pedro, California San Sebastian, Spain * Santa Ana, Curagao Santa Cruz, Patagonia Santa Cruz) Taneriffe Santa Marta, United States of Colombia Scilly Islands, England Seattle, Washington Territory Sebastopol, Bnssia Sebenico, Austria (see Cattaro) C Ci c C2 c» c c c c c CI c c c c CI c c CI C" c CO c> c» c» C" c» c c c CI DB" D' DE" DE" D2 DE» DE" DE" •DE" DE" DE" DE» DE» DE" DE" D3 DE" DE" E' DE" D^ D> DB" DB" DB" DB" DE" DE" DB" DE" DB" DB» D' M" M" M^" M» M" M" M" M" M" M" M" M" M= M" M" M^ M= M" M» M' M" M" M" M" M" M» M3 M" M" MS M'. 158 INDEX. S"^ Name of port. Steubal, Portugal Seville, Spain Shanghai, China Sheerness, England Shelburne, Nova Scotia Shepherd's Harbor, United States of Colombia. Sidon, Syria Sierra Leone (see Freetown) Simcoe, Ontario Simon's Town, South Africa Singapore, Malacca Sitka, Alaslia Sligo, Ireland Smyrna, Asia Minor Soderhamn, Sweden Sorel, Quebec Sonrabaya, Java Southampton, England South Shields, England l Spezzia, Italy Stavanger, Norway .' Stettin, Germany. ..., Stockholm, Sweden St. Catherines Island, Brazil St. Catharines, Ontario St. Christopher, West Indies (see Basseterre). . . St. Denis, E6uuion Islands St. Eustatius, West Indies St. George's, Bermuda St. Helena (see Jamestown) St. Hyacinthe, Quebec St. John, New Brunswick St. John's, Newfoundland '. St. Kitt's (see Basseterre) '. St. Malo, France St. Marc, Hay'ti St. Martin, West Indies St. Michael's, Azores St. Jf azaire, France St. Paul de Loando, West Africa St. Pierre, Miquelou Islands St. Pierre, E^union Islands (see St. Denis) c3 C3 c c C" c c CI C- C> c c c c-^ c c c c C2 C2 C3 c° c CI C» CI c o Q DE" D' D3 DE" DE" DE" E^ D' DE» DE" D' D' D' Di D* D3 D2 DE» E^ DE" DE" DE" D' DE" DE" D" Di DE" DE" IS 58 '-3 I So Ml Jl" M» M» M3 M' M» M2 M' M^ M' Ml Ml M" MS M3 M" M" M- M" Ml M' M" INDEX. 159 Name of port. o o Q St. Stephen, New Brunswick St. Thomas, West Indies St. Vincent, Cape Verde Islands St. Vincent, West Indies Sualsim, Egypt Suez, Egypt , Snlina, Turkey Snmmerside, Prince Edward Island . Sunderland, England Sundsvall, Sweden Sup6, Peru Suva, Fiji Islands Swansea, Wales , Swatow, China Sydney, Nova Scotia Sydney, New South Wales Syra, Greece Syracuse, Sicily Taooma, Washington Territory Tahiti, Society Islands (see Pap^iti) . Talcahuano, Chili Taltal, Chili Tamatave, Madagascar Tampico, Mexico Tamsui (see Keelung) Tangier, Morocco Tarragona, Spain Teneriffe (see Santa Cruz) Ternate, Moluccas Tetuan, Morocco Three Rivers, Quebec Tientsin, China Tilbury, England Tilt Cove, Newfoundland Tocapilla, Chili Toronto, Ontario Torrevieja, Spain Toulon, France Trebizonde, Asiatic Turkey Trieste, Austria Trinoomalee, Ceylon Trinidad de Cuba C= C^ c c CI c c CI CI c C3 CI c c c c c c C3 c c C° c c C3 C» c» CI C2 D2 DE" DE" DE" DE» D3 DE" D» DE" DE" Di DE» DE" DE" DE" DE" DE" DE" DE" DE" D* DE" D' D' DE" DE" M" W M" M" Ml M^' M^ M" M" Ml M^ M^ M» M^ M" M" M" M" M} M" Ml Ml M^ M" 160 INDEX. Name of port. Tripoli, Syria , Tripoli, Tripoli Truxillo, Hondnras Tallear, Madagascar Tambez, Peru Tunis Turk's Island Tuxpan, Mexico Valdivia, Chili , Valparaiso, Chili Vathi, Island of Samos Vavu, Tonga (seeNei-Afu) ... Venice, Italy ,. Vera Cruz, Mexico Victoria, Vancouver Viequez Island, Porto Rico . . Vigo, Spain Villefranche, France Vladivostok, Russia Waterford, Ireland Wellington, New Zealand West Cowes, England Westeud, Belgium West Hartlepool, England... Whangerei, New Zealand Wiborg, Russia Wilhelmshaven, Germany ... Wilmington, Delaware Wilmington, North Carolina . Windsor, Nova Scotia Windsor, Ontario Yarmouth, Nova Scotia Yokohama, Japan Yokosuka, Japan Zante, Greece Zanzibar, South Africa u C« C» C" C» C» c c C» c c c c c C3 c c» C3 CI c CI c» c c c c o DRo DR° DR» DR" DR» DR» D» DE" DRo D' DR» DE" DE» DE» DE» DE" E' D» DE" DE" D' D« R' DR» DR» D' D' DE" DR" M" M» M" M" M^ M' M" M» M' M> M» M» M« MS M> M» M» Ml M' M= M« M» M' M' M» M"