\\s N\e"nvorlct\ W^Htute h\4^€kiou% T3t§eat§e Digitized by Microsoft® M53 Xibrar\> OF THE IRew !Po#r/zStaW«tetfmar£ College RA963.M C 53 ne " UniVerSi,yLibrary B .™ ;' , l t? l i l f 1 t °ry and description [of the Me 3 1924 003 315 177 Digitized by Microsoft® This book was digitized by Microsoft Corporation in cooperation with Cornell University Libraries, 2007. You may use and print this copy in limited quantity for your personal purposes, but may not distribute or provide access to it (or modified or partial versions of it) for revenue-generating or other commercial purposes. Digitized by Microsoft® THE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES. BRIEF HIST6RY AND DESCRIPTION 3^ ''^V 3 NEW Y»RK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE LIBRARY CHICAGO 1915 Digitized-by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® THE MEMORIAL INSTITUTE FOR INFECTIOUS DISEASES NEW YGRK STATE VETERINARY COLLEGE LIBRARY Digitized by Microsoft® Laboratory Durand Hospital Laboratory Durand Hospita The Memorial Institute for Infectious Diseases Digitized by Microsoft® THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES FRANK BILLINGS LUDVIG HEKTOEN ]AMES B. HERRICK CHARLES L. HUTCHINSON STANLEY McCORMICK Digitized by Microsoft® The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924003315177 n Diqitizeuby Microsoft® HISTORY The Memorial Institute for Infectious Diseases was founded Janu- ary second, 1902, by Harold F. McCormick and Edith Rockefeller McCormick. The full name is "The Memorial Institute for Infectious Diseases, founded in memory of John Rockefeller McCormick," and the fol- lowing persons secured the incorporation of the Institute under the laws of the State of Illinois and constituted the first Board of Trustees : Frank Billings, Christian Fenger, Ludvig Hektoen, Charles L. Hutchin- son, Stanley McCormick. In the articles of incorporation the object of the Institute is stated to be "the study and treatment of scarlet fever and other acute infec- tious diseases and the investigation of allied problems." Early in 1902 work was commenced in the laboratory building of Rush Medical College at 1743 West Harrison Street, Chicago, the first floor of which was fitted up with a simple equipment for bacteriological and pathological investigations. The first staff consisted of Ludvig Hektoen, George H. Weaver, Alice Hamilton and George F. Ruediger. Simultaneously, an arrangement was made with the Presbyterian Hospital of Chicago for the establishment of a small hospital for scarlet fever. This hospital was conducted for about three years, when the buildings it occupied were removed to make room for a new pavil- ion of the Presbyterian Hospital. In the meantime, efforts were made by the Trustees of the Institute to secure a suitable location for building a hospital for infectious dis- eases. In 1904 Mr. Otto Young, who died soon afterwards, gave to the Institute the larger part of a vacant block just west of Washington Park in Chicago, and anticipating the erection of buildings on this land, the Institute purchased the remainder of the block. On account of the opposition by owners of surrounding property and of the hostile attitude of the City Council of Chicago, this plan was abandoned and the property sold. Digitized by Microsoft® After the death of Dr. Christian Fenger in 1903, Dr. Lewellys F. Barker was elected trustee; and the vacancy on the board created by Dr. Barker's removal to Baltimore in 1908 was filled by the election of Dr. James B. Herrick. In March, 1911, an affiliation was entered into by the Institute with the Northern Trust Company of Chicago, as Trustee under the will of Mrs. Annie W. Durand, pursuant to a decree of court giving a con- struction of the will. Under this decree and a supplemental decree the Northern Trust Company, as Trustee, agreed to erect on ground fur- nished by the Institute a hospital to cost $200,000 and to be known as the Annie W. Durand Hospital of the Memorial Institute for Infec- tious Diseases. The Institute agreed to conduct the Durand Hospital with a minimum eventually fixed at forty beds for the free care of poor persons suffering with infectious diseases. The contract of affiliation, which runs for ninety-nine years, further provides that the net income from funds placed in the hands of the Northern Trust Company by the will of Mrs. Annie W. Durand shall be used for defrayal of the cost of running the Durand Hospital, and that any and all deficiency shall be made good by the Institute. At this point, it may be stated that the City Council of Chicago on March 6, 1911, relinquished all claims to a fund of $75,000 given by Mrs. Annie W. Durand for a public bathhouse, in order that this money might also be used for hospital purposes according to the general pro- visions of the contract just mentioned. In order to provide sites for the Durand Hospital and for other buildings, the Institute secured the larger part of the block bounded by Harrison, Wood and Flournoy streets and Hermitage Avenue, at a cost of $152,000. During 1912 a modern, fireproof hospital building and power-house were erected by the Northern Trust Company on the corner of Wood and Flournoy streets according to plans by Mr. C. S. Frost of Chicago. The formal opening took place February 27, 1913, and patients were received immediately afterwards. During the following year, a laboratory was built, also according to plans by Mr. Frost, at a cost approximately of $100,000. The labora- Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® tory stands just north of the Durand Hospital, and is connected with it on the second and third floors by means of an enclosed gallery. Both buildings are served by the same power-house and laundry. The transfer of the work to the new laboratory from the temporary quarters at 1743 West Harrison Street was made in May, 1914. As the present laboratory and hospital buildings occupy only about one-third of the ground owned by the Institute in the block described, abundant space is available for additional buildings. In 1912, Mr. Harold F. McCormick gave to the Institute a farm at Lombard, Illinois, to be used for the breeding of laboratory animals and the supplying of farm products. Owing to the growth of the village of Lombard this land is now for sale. In addition to the gift of Mr. Otto Young of land valued at $100,000.00, gifts have been received also from Madam Cyrus H. McCormick. At the present time, the total resources of the Institute, including the Durand Hospital and Fund, amount to nearly $2,000,000, the larger part of which has been contributed by the founders. THE WORK OF THE INSTITUTE The purpose of the Institute is to advance the knowledge of infec- tious diseases in order to improve the methods of prevention and cure and also to care for patients suffering from certain common, acute, infectious diseases. To this end, the work of the laboratory and of the hospital has been coordinated and unified so as to secure the most complete cooperation possible. For clearness of description the laboratory and the hospital may be considered separately. THE LABORATORY Ludvig Hektoen George F. Dick George H. Weaver Ernest E. Irons Ruth Tunnicliff Arthur R. Curtis Edward C. Rosenow Gladys R. Dick Leonard S. Manly, Technician Digitized by Microsoft® The building is a fireproof structure of four stories and a base- ment which is half above ground. The exterior of the first story is Bedford stone, and above this brick with terra cotta trimmings and tile roof. The basement is subdivided into several rooms of various sizes which are used for a shop, for the storage of supplies, for machinery, for water and compressed air tanks, etc. The first floor is entered through a vestibule which opens upon a rotunda. To the north of the rotunda are the office and laboratory of the director, the library and assembly room, and the office of the Journal of Infectious Diseases. The assembly room and library is capable of seating about fifty persons and is equipped with facilities for lantern demonstrations. The library is a special one containing such works as bear especially upon the active work of the Institute. South of the rotunda the first floor contains the laboratory and office of the Serum Division of the Institute and the rooms occupied by the technician. Here are prepared the various media and solutions used in bacteriologic and other work, and from here the various materials needed in the individual laboratories are distributed. The second and third floors are divided by corridors, on either side of which are rooms of varying sizes, single and in suites, designed to accommodate individual workers, or groups. On the third floor, rooms are specially equipped for chemical work. Also a room on this floor is designed for an animal operating-room with special sterilizing apparatus, with an adjoining preparation-room and bathroom for animals. The fourth floor is reserved for accommodation of animals. On either side of a central corridor, the space is subdivided so as to form separate rooms of sizes suitable for groups of smaller animals or for single larger ones. The rooms away from the street are designed for larger animals and open by doors' upon an outside runway. The runway is limited by a brick wall below and a heavy wire screen above and is subdivided by gates to correspond to the individual rooms. The floors of the entire fourth floor are of cement and provided with drains so that they can be readily .washed with flowing water. Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® Digitized by Microsoft® A wide stairway leads from the rotunda on the first floor to the second and third floors, and a second stairway at the south end of the building connects the basement with the floors above. An electric elevator runs from the basement to the four floors. Numerous refrigerators which communicate with the refrigerating plant in the power-house are conveniently located throughout the first three floors of the building. Telephones, operated through a central switchboard, connect the various floors of the laboratory with each other, with' the hospital, and with the outside. Gallery corridors fur- nish a direct connection between the second and third floors and corre- sponding floors of the hospital. The general equipment is essentially that required for bacterio- logical, immunological and pathological investigations. No provision is made for formal instruction. Persons, who give promise of making good use of the opportunity, may be appointed as volunteer workers. Ordinarily, regular full-time appointments on the staff with stipend are made only as vacancies 0CCUn THE DURAND HOSPITAL George H. Weaver, Physician Ernest E. Irons, Physician Charlotte Johnson, R.N., Superintendent Ludwig A. Emge, Resident Physician Dean D. Lewis, Consulting Surgeon Stanton C. Friedberg, Consulting Otologist and Laryngologist. The Durand Hospital is a fireproof structure of four stories, sun- rooms and roof garden, and a basement one-half of which is above ground. The exterior of the first story is Bedford stone, above this brick with terra cotta trimmings and tile roof. The hospital has been specially designed for the care of acute, infectious diseases. The basement is divided into rooms for the storage of hospital supplies, one of which is provided with a large refrigerator for meats, milk, etc. Here is also a general work shop. The first floor is divided by a corridor running the long way of the building. On one side of this are the office, general kitchen, admission rooms, and at one end the morgue and chapel. There are four small rooms with connecting baths, located on either side of the Digitized by Microsoft® elevator for the admission and discharge of patients. Stretcher cases may be taken directly into the elevator without passing through the admission rooms. The kitchen is connected with the floors above by electrically operated dumb waiters, one for the second floor only and the other for the third and fourth floors. On the opposite side of the corridor are small individual rooms occupied by the cooks and maids. The second floor is devoted to housing and caring for the nursing staff of the hospital. To one side of the central corridor the sleeping rooms are arranged in suites of two with common bath. On the other side of the corridor are rooms of the superintendent, the library, and dining rooms for the nurses and house staff. The third and fourth floors are duplicates. A corridor divides the floor in the long direction. To one side of this are ten small rooms in suites of two. The two rooms of each suite are entered by a common vestibule with lavatory, and they connect with a common bath- room. An observation window opens from the corridor into each room. The rooms, as well as the wards, are equipped with light signals. To the opposite side of the corridor are two small wards, accommo- dating five and six patients, with special bathroom facilities for con- valescent patients, a dressing and operating room, a clinical laboratory and a diet kitchen. There are arrangements for steaming, hot packs, for disinfection of linens, etc. The diet kitchen is connected with the general kitchen by a dumb waiter and is equipped with facilities for the sterilization of eating utensils, for refrigeration, etc. There is good closet room for linens. The fifth floor contains two sun-rooms in the center and a roof garden at either end. Toilet facilities are provided on the roof. The roof gardens are enclosed by a high iron fence inside the parapet, and about one-half of the space is covered by an awning under which are placed cots, swings, etc. An electric elevator runs from the basement to the roof. The windows in the patients rooms are provided with removable guards. Ventilation is secured through windows and only to a limited degree by artificial system. The furniture is of white enameled steel and the walls, floors and fixtures so made that they are cleaned easily. Digitized by Microsoft® The building containing the power plant and laundry is placed to the rear of the laboratory building. It consists of two stories and basement, and is of fireproof construction, the exterior being brick. Below are located the heating-plant, refrigerator-plant, coal bins, sterilizing rooms, etc. Above is the laundry into which materials for washing are brought through a dumb waiter from the sterilizing room below. It is equipped with modern machinery. A tunnel connects the basement of this building with the basement of the hospital. Under the contract between the Institute and the Northern Trust Company, as Trustee under the will of Mrs. Annie W. Durand, no charge can be made to patients for the care and treatment in the Durand Hospital. According to this contract only poor patients can be admitted. At present patients with diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles, and other acute infectious diseases ordinarily classed as contagious are received. The Health Department of the City of Chicago determines the question of admissibility and brings the patients to the hospital. Medical students properly registered are given bedside instruction in small groups. The nursing is in charge of graduate registered nurses. A three months postgraduate course of instruction in nursing in acute infec- tious diseases is offered to graduates and senior students of accredited schools. Classes, lectures and demonstrations are given by the staff. This course is accredited by the Board of Nurse Examiners of Illinois. Certificate is granted on successful completion of the course. Accred- ited training schools may arrange for affiliation. Value of Practical Training in the Nursing of Acute Infec- tious Diseases. — As few nurses' schools are prepared to give more than theoretical instruction in the nursing of acute infectious and con- tagious diseases, the average young nurse is greatly handicapped in the many difficult situations that arise in connection with these diseases in the management of isolation in the most efficient manner. She unfortu- nately lacks the actual experience which is acquired only by practical training in this branch of nursing. It is altogether selfevident that in private work, institutional work, visiting nursing, school nursing, infant welfare work, health department work and indeed in any other nursing service, practical training in the nursing of the acute infectious and contagious diseases is of the very greatest importance. Digitized by Microsoft® THE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES In 1904, Mr. and Mrs. Harold F. McCormick made it possible to establish The Journal of Infectious Diseases, which is devoted to the publication of the results of investigations in the field indicated by its name. It aims to occupy a special field and to include only such con- tributions as bear with reasonable directness upon the topics indicated in the title. The biology and chemistry of the various pathogenic microorganisms, the physiology and anatomy of the morbid processes that they initiate, and the hygienic and sanitary problems to which they give rise are considered to be especially within the scope of the under- taking. The Journal is published bi-monthly. Two volumes are issued each year, and each volume contains approximately 500 pages. Fifty reprints are furnished free of cost to contributors. The subscription price is Five Dollars yer year. Fifteen volumes have been issued. A few complete sets are for sale; Vols. 1 to 7, inclusive, 1904-1910, unbound, at $5.00 per volume, and Volumes 8-15, inclusive, each $2.50, unbound; Supplement No. 2, 1906, at $1.50; Supplement No. 3, 1907, at $1.35; Supplement No. 4, 1908, at $1.00. Supplements 2 and 3 are composed of papers read before the American Public Health Association. Supplement 4 is entitled "His- torical Study of Legislation Regarding Public Health in the States of New York and Massachusetts." All communications should be addressed to The Journal of Infec- tious Diseases, 637 South Wood Street, Chicago, Illinois. THE SERUM DIVISION The Serum Division was established in 1905 by the cooperation of Dr. E. O. Jordan, who is in charge of the work, with the Institute. The purpose of this division is the production of diphtheria antitoxin and its sale to the public at cost as well as the provision of possibilities for work with large animals. About 100,000,000 antitoxin units are distributed annually. 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