U5 The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000363170 «^<^^k4^ PMMEHCIAL KEI.ATIONS OF THB 1 NirKD STATKS. (lEREALS '>t5/^^ 1,1 b mmn\, india, and auikria KlM'OinS I'ltOM THE CONSILS OF rTli; I'MTKD STATKS UN ANSWKK I'd A ciiiCi'LAi; n.'OM riiK ni:i'Ai;TMKNT of STATK, No. 2S'-i .—November, 1882, ["I'UI isiiEii iiY i'nr, nHi/.vKTMKNT ^.— November, 1882. FUBUSHKD BY THE DKPABTMBNT OF STATE, ACCOKDING TO ACT OF CONGRESS 70 a WASHINGTON: GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 1882. il ^ (^ U %H5'3 SB Hogiis"^"^"""'™'^'**"-'''^^''' Cereals of Europe, rndia, and Algeria, Re 3 1924 000 363 170 CONTENTS. Pa«o. Department circular 211 Denmark, cereals of 211-219 Report by Consul Ryder, of Copenhagen. (Area under each, cereal crop on July 17, 1876, 211; quantities and yield of each cereal for the years 1875 to 1881, inclusive, 212, 213 ; exports of cereals from Denmark, J872 to 1881, inclusive, 212, 213, 214, 215; imports of cereals into Denmark, 1872-1881, 216, 217, 218, 219.) France, cereals of 220-220 Eeporliy ConatiJ-General Walker, of Paris. (Area sown and the jield of each cereal crop from 1871 to 1881, inclusive, 220,221,222; approximate showing of the wheat, maalin (wheat and rye), and rye product of France for 1882, 223 : exporTs of cereals from France .from 1871 to 1880, inclusive, 223, 224, 225, 226; imports of cereals into France, 1871 to 1880, inclusive, 226, 227, 228, 229. ) Germany, cereals of 230-233 Report by Vice-Coneul General Zimmerman, of Berlin. (Area under each cereal crop and quantity and yield of each cereal for the years 1878 to 1881, inclusive, 230; exports of cereals from Ger- many from 1872 to 1681, inclusive, 231 ; imports of cereals into Ger- many from 1872 to 1881, inclusive, 232; countries from, and seas, &c., through -which imported, 232.) Holland, cereals of 233 Report by Consul Eckstein, of Amsterdam. iBelglum, cereals in 234-238 Report by Consul Steuart, of Antwerp. (Exports of cereals, by countries, from Belgium from 1871 to 1880, inclu- sive, 235; imports of cereals into Belgium from 1871 to 1880, inclu- sive, 236, 237, 238 ; exports of cereals, by quantities and values, from Belgium from 1871 to 1880, inclusive, 238.) United Kingdom, cereals of..* 239-244 Report by Consul-General Merritt, of London. (Area under each cereal crop from 1872 to 1881, inclusive, 239 ; quantities and yield of each cereal for each year from 1872 to 1881, inclusive, 240 ; exports of hreadstuffa from 1872 to 1881, inclusive, 241 ; imports of cereals into Great Britain from 1872 to 1881, inclusive, 242, 243, 244.) Scotland, crops of 245-B46 Report by Consul Leonard, of Leith. IV CONTENTS. Paga. Switzerland, cereals of **' Report by C-onsuf Adams, of Geneva. Italy, cereals of 247-26S Report by Conaul-General Richmond, of Some. (Area uader each cereal crop from 1872 to iwry, iuclnsivi-, and for 1880 and 1881, 248 ; average annual harvest from 1872 to 1879, inclusive, 248; ditto for 1880 and 1881, '249 ; imports and exports of cereals from 1872 to 1881, inclusive, 950,251,252,2.j:i.) Auntria-Huugary, cereals of 2M-2o4 Repm-t by Consul-General Wearer, of Vienna. (Average annual grain product, 254; average annual grain acreage and yield per ;M;re, 'J'>'> ; comparison of imports and exports, 256 ; pro- duction of cereals from 1671 to 1880, inclusive, 257 ; area under each cereal crop in Hungary from 1871 to 1880, 258; imports and exports of cereals from 1875 to 1880, inclusive, 259, 260, 261, 262, 26:^, 264.) Austria-Hungary, grain harvests and markets of 265-26J Report by Consul-General Weaver, of Vienna. Greece, cereals of - 267 • Report by Consullfancock, of Patras. Houmania, grain production of 267-274 Report by Consul-General ■'Schuyler, of Bucharest, (Exports of cerealsfrom 1876 to 1880, inclusive, 269, 270 ; imports of cere- als from 1876 to 1880, inclusive, 271 ; imports and exports of cereals from 1871 to 1880, inclusive, 272, 273, 274.) Kussiau cereals 274-277 Report by Consul-General Stanton, of St. Petersburg. (Area under cereals, 274, 275 ; yield of cereals from 1870 to 1878, inclu- sive, 275 ; exports of cereals across the frontier from 1871 to 1880, in- clusive, 275, 276 ; exports of cereals across the European frontier from 1876 to 1880, inclusive, 276, 277; tixports of cereals across the ;U)iatic frontier from 1876 to 1H80, inclusive, 277.) Turkey, cereals ofi 277-281 Repwtby Consul-Gineral Heap, of I'onstantinople. (Cereals of Anatolia, Egypt, Syria, Koumauia, audRoumelia, 278 ; cere- als of Palestine, 280; exports and imports at J.atla, 261.) India, cere.als of! 282-282 Report by Consul-General Mattson, of Calcutta. imports an 998, 866 154, 649 22, 250 3,500 298, 988 7,872 7,868 7,000 28, 448 243, 000 6,500 6,500 $5, 600 23, 000 236, 703 4, 170, 470 27, 280 4,300 80, 750 300 396, 436 2, 275, 296 5,428 139, 088 46, 604 760 210, 760 1, 208, 750 3,000 $74, 000 24, 760 600 34, 431 14, 278 975 400 1,000 3,113 7, 127, 645 158, 750 944, 572 767, 500 21,940,842 423, 750 2, 889, 844 1, 536, 600 123, 094 3,400 2, 291, 477 3, 278, 385 135, 216 52, 000 74, 500 4,230 ",3,'256' 3,000 128, 356 1, 280, 864 114, 604 12 724, 640 27, 904 13, 220 8,844 96, 666 128, 250 1, 280, 250 114, 500 2, 076, 448 J, 018, 243 9, 562, 762 48, 500 211, 000 223, 750 764 20, 040 436 500 12, 250 250 9,231 2,384 10, 765 273 75 350 148, 353 127, 468 724, 500 156, 004 3,750 98, 600 11, 230 131,712 908, 660 6,584 18, 756 36, 720 1,504 80, 250 553, 760 4,000 11, 500 34. 500 1,000 572 15 250 475. (iB-2 '"i,'236' 9,000 96, 750 47, 828 ,561 961 25 •6, 078, 727 138, 250 2, 396, 600 2,396,500 23,498,433 696, 750 1, 145, 176 698, 000 23,913 723 2, 369, 627 3, 522, 154 444, 631 2 006 52, 500 78, 000 9,750 110,6)6 1, 311, 804 341,932 117,500 1, 393, 750 363, 250 2. 556, 494 7.261,547 7,011,402 64, 000 181, 250 175, 250 1,840 13,844 4,676 1,000 8,230 2,730 6,559 660 8,643 200 25 273 230, 260 71, 850 5,000 1,500 533, 920 38, 092 13, 000 567, 250 40, 500 . 13, 750 14,960 4, 015, 035 592,787 250 100, .500 14, 750 243, 036 396, 184 144, 230 235, 250 14, 630 475 43, 308 25, 750 40, 710 1,000 4,070 2,588 1,600 924 40 6, 681, 249 147, 750 2, 349, 364 2, 496, 000 21,446,313 536, 000 706, 376 418, 750 31,416 1,015 216 CEREALS OF DENMARK. 4. — Imports of cereals into 1 Imported from — I Norway Sweden Russia Wheat. Barley. ear. Jnground. Value. Ground. Value. 0nj^round. Bushels. Value. Ground. Value. Bualiels. '""'74,248 . 113, 696 131, 112 696 Pounds. 3,080 181, 00(1 1,936 638, 087 13, 304 539 344 Pounds. 1 64,948 J 80,512 . . 1 464 ! 20,260 ! 103,966 i 32 2,194 : Great Britain... . TJnited States ot Other countries... 6,068 .56 115 ' 325, 820 838, 290 85,296 187,251 j 64 244 »-. 214,444 426 14,500 : 264 ; 37,492 fil,544 : 328 ' , 222 1 172 ;;:;:;:: '""iw'i '■"' Sweden Russia Germany Great Britain TJnited _ States of 61, 772 57, 084 409, 680 7, 152 96, 881 220 489, 172 19, 257 '.'.'.'.':'...'.. other countries... Total 876 57 536, 664 605, 387 i 267.000 62,810 j i 5, 170 1 $250 Sweden Russia 82, 628 20, 196 350, 240 6,844 $113, 500 27, 750 481, 500 9,500 60,119 540 563, 973 8,699 908 38 $1,750 i6,.500 250 172,628 $172,750 4,203 , "26,596 26, 260 47, 862 : i 250 916 1,000 224 ' 1 Great Britain United States of Other countries.. Total 1,068 1,500 : 532 • 500 ' 110 1 460, 976 633, 750 624, 277 18, 500 200, 672 200, 500 57, 569 ! 1, 500 ir 90 43, 417 878 611,726 608 198 869 "1,250 '1.5,250 2S0 ' 250 ■ 242, 116 412 226, 684 944 272, 500 500 206, 000 1,000 156,524 137,000 4,400 : 250 Russia - ... 4 , i 29,678 26,000 49,038 2,750 Great Britain United States of 472 i 500 , 115 1 Other countries.. - Total 176 250 88 1 ' 470, 280 479, 250 657, 786 16, 500 187,044 163,750 I 53,553 3,000 220 92, 615 1 78 1 1.439 184, 584 288, 388 180, 756 40, 898 230, 750 360, 500 226, 000 26, 000 2,500 isi, i64 161. 250 22, 396 i 500 Russia j 1 27.750 116,711 .3. 000 621, 152 17.000 31,864 Great Britain- ... United States of 27, 270 750 1, 744 ' 1, 500 127, 039 3, 250 Other countries... Total 80 435 1 20 i ' 350 694, 706 843, 250 741,870 20.250 217,792 1190,500 207,941 6,751 377 5,664 121, 108 119, 564 1,113,748 11, 420 7,500 159, 000 157, 000 1, 461, 750 15, 000 '""ei.'sis i"2,i)66 83, 168 2, 750 1, 385. 063 44, 000 408, 635 13, 000 1 1,608 ' 1.500 1 180,408 ,169,500 1 18,340 500 j Russia Germany Great Britain United States of 12,124 11,260 130 206,084 193,000 136,701 I 3,000 | 24, 664 23, 000 1 I other couutrios . . 63, 516 3,250 208 208 244 , )| 1, 435, 020 1,883, .500 1,938,719 61,750 42.5,056 398. 45K 165,415, 3,50 Norway 378.- "" 0.5,' 036 66, 896 1,256,256 1 868 49, 708 900 ' "i24,"750 87, 750 1, 048. 750 1, 250 53, 250 1,250 1,753 .... 77, 526 2, 000 40, 405 1 1, 000 3, 794, 741 99, 500 53, c87 1 1,500 "'8,"837'. ""2.i(l 1 367 ' lO.':. 1211 88,000 2, 794 ' 7, 22IJ 5. 760 ' 225 1 Germany Great Britain United States of America Other couDtries. ,. Total 78, 228 24K 144 63, 500 207, 401 4, 500 250 i U 1 I 10,221 250 1 1,460,664 1, 917, 000 ■3,977,149 |104, 2.-i0 193,960 1,57, 400 '221, 019 i 4.76 CEREALS OF DENMARK. 217 Denmark. 1872 to 1881. Eye. Oats. Maize. TJnground. Value. Ground. Value. Ungrountl. Value. ji'ound Value. Unground. Value. Bushels. Pounds. Bushels. 3,600 28, 220 640 13, 172 Pounds. Bushels. 24, 940 27, 097 317 48, 397 25, 300 288, 892 35, 464 • 198, 673 5,095 1,476 6,332 40 19, 480 1,120 368, 816 78, 811 1 46, 652 139, 038 7,808 1,392 6,068 78, 868 63, 768 220, 088 402,441 99, 398 880 391, 528 415, 800 43, 316 198, 063 15 11, 108 113,196 132 .... 1 844 ' 8,"828' 874, 158 721, 927 129, 096 198, 078 134, 012 1,904 $2, 000 2,500 986, 500 730. 600 250 2,640 ■ 23,320 1,478 94, 652 12, 448 141, 768 24, 932 18, 856 840 1,124 9,292 $8, 500 97, 600 17,250 13,000 600 2,696 $750 2,271 886, 420 730, 344 316 2, 250 212, 341 770 $7, 350 49, 540 81, 736 23, 616 8,860 $33, 000 86, 750 25, 000 9,250 2,020 2,000 - 750 1, 723, 700 1, 723, 750 121, 990 3,000 199, 968 |l37, 500 215, 382 7,250 163, 752 174, 000 118, 420 240 54,380 20 6,500 31, 500 250 37, 250 16, 000 13, 500 496, 250 797, 750 330 1,210 57, 809 605 172,613' 168 588, 176 945, 380 4 ""i,"66o 'o.'ooo' '""i25,'564" 14, 928 "iio.ooo 13, 000 612 500 53, 044 3,500 1,650 60 1, 550, 172 1, 308, 000 59, 340 1, 000 235, 396 129, 000 175, 036 6,000 140, 562 123, 000 [ 10, 364 1 7, 250 134, 356 ! 89, 500 400 1 250 11, 860 8, 250 42, 752 36, 750 1, 275, -250 215,260 62 972, 972 169, 351 30, 439 1,760 56 1, 483, 908 20, 000 3,500 250, 632 41, 306 55 2,250 69. 008 138, 900 268, 660 416 49, 750 99, 750 193 000 3 616 3, 250 38, 385 750 244 250 1, 780, 908 1, 630, 500 1, 180, 760 24, 250 157,124 ll05,250 71, 800 4,000 477, 040 342, 750 1 920 1,500 96, 250 1, 359, 500 765, 500 200 19, 750 750 2, 500 1 1, 600 455, 372 i284, 250 90, 164 ; 56, 250 105, 416 86, 000 1,328 750 112,864 1 611 316 33, 989 760 64, 868 2,260 12, 432 »,250 906, 932 200 128, 706 2,500 20, 234 750 48,462 519, 136 1, 346, 164 12, 436 32, 350 347, 250 23 552 900, 250 816 480 ! 2S0 33 8,250 2, 657, 600 2, 242, 450 161, 695 3,250 655, 260 409, 000 85, 135 3,000 1, 938, 630 1, 296, 250 250 "4i,'250' 948 245, 608 80, 624 56,444 3,600 500 138, 260 45, 250 31, 750 2,000 370 112,609 "3,'260' 756 2,680 60O 12, 984 852, 400 1, 136, 812 9,750 639, 750 852, 760 19, 056 40 2, 362, 224 1,750 198, 577 5 6,000 30, 896 59, 608 1, 449, 712 9,212 20, 500 39, 500 39 400 29, 600 600 11, 000 250 959, 350 020 500 6,000 2, 042, 216 1, 526, 250 2, 392, 320 44, 750 387, 844 1178, 250 306, 543 9,250 1, 552, 859 1, 019, 500 218 CEREALS OF DENMARK. 4. — Imports of cereals into Year. 1880. "Wheat. Barley. Imported from- Norway Sweden Russia Germany . . . , Great Britain United States of America Other countries . . . Bustiels. 172 119, 300 74,812 625, 796 116, 992 140 Total . Norway Sweden Russia Germany Great Britain United States of America Other countries . . . Total Norway Sweden Russia Germany Great Britain United States of America Other countries. . . 1,298,250 2,117,656 57,750 85 116 70, 924 575, 194 4,246 349, 144 9,424 1, 094, 048 11,469 1(19, 924 1, 527, 70S 25, 472 402, 732 Total 2,085,941 Value. Ground. ' Value. Unground. Value. jGround. Value. Pounds. .$260 15,444 ! .$500 156, 500 76, 447 2, 000 98,250 730 821, 250 2, 004, 408 ' 54, 750 11,100 250 Bv^fiels. : Founds.\ 20 '■ ! 6,899 ! 140,780 $114,750 23,736 I $600 31,624 25,500 53,540 | 1,000 1,632 I 1,250 108 ' 221,750 : 1,181 250 ; 8,346 250 10, 507 260 111, 760 93, 000 754, 760 5,500 458, 250 12, 750 15,8.59 ' 500 35, 134 1, 000 627 803, 606 21, 750 29,130 i 750 174,136 141,500 ' 94,790 1,750 908 i 760 171,312 139,250 5,000 1,430 1,402 16, 828 2,992 13, 750 2,500 11 I. 6,501 I. 133, 191 63 1,436,000 887,196 24,000 I 223 16, 600 1 54, 675 1, 500 151,600 369 2,100,500 1,241,952 ! 35,250 35, 000 ' 131, 051 i 3, 750 563, 750 11,750 42, 768 1, 260 2,419 ] 68, 340 20 7,040 4,176 1,080 2, 869, 000 1, 473, 447 i 41, 750 1 80, 666 358 140, 123 .1 53, 600 . 22, 259 : 121 5,400 ,147,346 3,260 I 11 500 3,"666' 62,900 169,867 3,600 CEREALS OF DENMARK. Denmarlc, IHT> to 1881 — Continued. 219 Kye Value. $7, 000 15,000 1, 442, 250 185, 260 j Oats. Maiz Unground. BusheU. e. Unground. Grouud. Value. ■"■$250' Unground. , Value. Bushels. 1 ili, 320 $55,"756 44, 508 22, 260 12,000 1 6,000 224 ' Ground. Value. Value. Bushels. 8,712 Pounds. " '7,362 Founds. 150,' 757' 13,552 1 , 775. 176 $3, 600 2,400 .$1, 250 227, 972 58, 151 2,000 138, 052 1QH 3,250 2,296 2,032 1, 338, 520 4,004 1,250 1,000 11,820 i 9,500 1,500 1 732, 000 1, 508 j iii 456 250 1 2,250 2, 043, 740 1, 660, 600 65, 634 2,250 168, 508 84, 250 '289, 007 6,750 1, 349, 252 737, 750 6,404 ! 3,750 2D7 684 179 nnn 39.668 37, 250 1, 087, 260 94, 500 3,487 660 184, 682 81, 400 ifi!i nn 4,500 2,000 5,416 3,500 1 159 724 14,344 16, 580 152 8 250 f>» ^^^ ' 100',792 3,500 1,500 9,500 38, 392 58, 716 3, 317, 896 2,380 24,000 36, 750 2, 073, 760 796 750 464 250 1,250 1,301,160 1, 219, 750 270, 229 5,000 335, 578 193, 750 l231, 916 6,500 3, 422, 800 2, 139, 250 3,200 12,624 204, 604 219, 880 6,600 '""7,'766' 100, 936 250 300 1,750 1 ■ ' - 36 2,224 3,020 22,548 23, 100 2, 386, 144 7,872 3,260 12, 500 204, 500 220,000 486, 752 74, 158 21, 636 568 296, 500 45, 250 13, 250 250 223, 028 6,000 1,500 2,0001 45, 632 116 1,260 15,600 16, 000 1, 655, 000 111, 500 4,400 3,896 2,260 5.600 551, 692 551, 750 ' 119, 630 2,300 587, 008 357, .500 26f<, 676 1 7, 250 \ • \ 2, 444, 944 1, 695, 500 220 CEREALS OF FRANCE. CEREALS OF FRANCE. BEPOJir liY CONSVL-UENEItAL WALKER, OF PAKIS. In compliance with circular iu.structlou from the De])artmeiit of State of May 31, 1882, I have the honor to transmit herewith the following desired statistics, "viz : 1. Statements showing the area sown and the yield for each cereal crop in France from 1871 to 1881, inclusive. 2. Approximate statement showing the wheat, maslin (wheat and rye), and rye production of France for the year 1S82. 3. Quantities and value of wheat, rye, and maize exported from France, and the countries and colonies to which exported, from 1871 to 1880, inclusive. 4. Quantities and value of wheat, rye, and maize iiiijjorted into France, and the countries and colonies from which imported, from 1871 to 1880, inclusive. French hectares have been reduced to acres at the rate of 2.47114 acres per hectare; hectoliters to bushels at the rate of 2.8375 bushels per hectoliter ; francs to dollars at the rate of i*J.3 cents to the franc. Quantities expressed in kilograms in the French customs returns have been reduced to bushels at the rate of 60 pounds (27.21.55 kilograms) per bushel of wheat, and at the rate of 56 pounds (25.4012 kiUigrams) per bushel of rye or maize. aEOKClE WALKER, CoiiHul-GoHral. United States Consulate-(;eneral, Paris, France, Novemlier 3, l8Sii. 1. — statements showing the area sown and the yield of each eereal crop in Frame from 1871 to 18dl, inrtiinire. a,— WHEAT PKODUCTION OF FRANCE FROM 1871 TO 1881, IXULtTSIVE. [Prepared from iuformation furnished hy the French Department QOcot-ioojinio-^oo I>Q0i-«MCOt- .C-COCOlftOOOiOOOCO-^ S^COUiOSIMt-OCl^COOO uODOJMXt-r-fOSeOCO ^ 3 3" -S si's ,^ ft s s ""§. s 3 2J= I*; ■s 8 I ooooooooo •tocoiomocot^TJ 5 to lO ff-f -H CO itT to" CO »" . 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CN S t- fr^ ® ® o aiS S s ^S "t" ^ "s. I OOO O O o ^ s 1 -- - r-t •^ ^ 42 c- lO 1879 J£ tC" r»r MCO u; '-' oo OOO O ^s§g§^ 00 00 Pq ^- C^" OOO oo o ^oogoo o -"o"--!-"" PQ Cf rn" ,--. ooooo o 4!ggS§?. 00 oT Sgg'^g;:^ Cq m" NrH- t- ooooo o »2-^OMOCO o> .^(M'to'— T-jr'tD — r SSS2s-;s s eq „- cf ir. j ooooo o ^5§?5§§ s ♦^oTifl o'cfco' o~ sss^ss tq rt- ^- "" ooooo o CO ^ CI .-1 LO oo o o f co- t-l fq .,- ^-^- c> rH S CO tO.-i M pq CEREALS OF FRANCE. 226 o o o o o o o CO o oa ■»*' o t- o o 3JL- fC ^ CO •s oo O lO in o in t^ CO — r^ oc to -^ o oo oo O O C O M GO O CD O CD OOOOOKD t> Ol"* (O t- o OI CO I— o «■ - _ - o o o o o O O CO o o t-oco oca CO -H cO(M l~- CO CO lo in 00 (D"* to CO o o o o o o o o o o> to o ■«■ o o o o o o o o o oi o oo to O I— O TT O to M to W -# 00 iM CO to lA to m t^ O O O O o o o in o tj< to O M O CO in t* to 00 00 CO to CO (M to to 03 !M ■TO- - . - CI i-lt-l o o o o o o ^ o o o I— > o >— I o tn CO to to t--CJ t- t- T* CO OI r~ "Tp CO cj CO CO CO to to 5M ■<&— 00 to 00 -^f 00 r-( s '* 02# . oooooo o 1 ssss^s o ^ oa o s ON-OO't-"!— 'lO [^ :jO < :— NIXOiO.-. hO oo § NrH ^ to "S ^ K| O ■ O ■ O O O ■ CO o oo a M -OJ CO g •£ Sf o' ;g ^ oo 1 ■W ^ .* to s b; '^ ■'o O O ■ CO o 10 o o ■ t~ CO "S- 00 s »- 'g o~ 00 S t- m c^ in CO 71 5 « 1 ^ 2* I ■ c o O 'O 'u. a e s ■- ro a t> 5 00 - ; t^ i>r □0 OB o N -^ r-1 3 IN ; ■* '^'" ■ Cq ^ 5 o o -S o ■i CN Gi ■ 0" o § .S s QO" ■ tr to" g 00 3S -* ' l> to -S eq o c 'tt o o O '• C o Tfi g o >ir ? -Ct-T cf o" ■ C "*' 00 e«tO ■* w . o- o .^ 5!W CM ; in '■S ftl o O o O ' C o 4^ O ■ cr o O ■ X CO v> CO r^ t> -«s in" ''Cr to" ^ 00 2 M iC- to 'e f? (N i o ^ o ■ c o qT at; o O ■ cr o o '^ t- tr- o> e e -n •«£ o fl =1 O CC O lO o: 13 O => O O O C ___ — — — O^OOO |0 t- uc'ro Oin -* 71 c- ^ t~ ci f CO^rH-HOlCOCr ^Tl-5'-t I -^ = -n Oi ?1 O Tl Tl 1- ~ X' 7 1 w m o ltj ?) o ^ "^ CO I— O Oi OJ 1— I Cfj ~ = .n a: c- lo lo « « ft; J r.f;' ;.'.-'.-.- o o o o O CM L— <=> 13 -^ CI O O t> t- csT I— t^ fO CJ O 1 - O CO » :/: o in O O O 3 O CO « 3 O O lO o o o o o o CO in o O — ( O 1^ « (O O CO o o = O =J o O O [•- omoo Ol "!*■ 00 •* I-HO 5p^ tmmm .S " H CEREALS OF -FRANCE. 227 ■ O ■* O CD Cl 5 » « li - ttSN t ^ O »0 ■^ Iff t> O 0000»pOOCiOOO eoQO CI CO i-H O (MOO t (Mh-0>0Q0)OlMCac0 'OOOQOQO"«l'lOr-HOC- r ofcoco~t-^ cfuf 00000090 oomcoooD-m OOOOTCiHTtilflTHTO int^-^IMi-HOOCO cq^jtiot-irsoioeD oooooooo O G3,OS O ■* CO CO '* ii^OiCOi-tf-iTjit-CM I "2 s t ■^ o o o o O O [> o O lO w ■>*« o"qO"* co" ■^ i-H o in o o o o O l> ooo O "* IN OS tB O W Oi oooo ooo OS o ooo -* o C^ — t»(-l OSOO COC-1 o o o o O CO ■«* o O ffl CO o eD"t-"co"iri' o <»-**o o oo o O A O O o o o o cTirf'eo'N" "»f esco o t-oo>« s-^ >>, CO 1^1 W iH (^ CO OS c^ TjlOO OS o e ^ CO OS t- £"00' m" CO m N m r-( ■* ir- CO in eo 00 OS CO OS CO oo o 00 t-o o ccT o 10 <0 CO o o o o CO lA o eo o o CD ■<* CO in 000 O O CO CO O M 3 OS ■* CO in CD OiM OS m X OS O O CD COCO(?f 000 O O CO O O OS 000 OO.H o o >n eo"-^r-r iH COQO OSi-liH ^ m t- «cd „ C3T3 » +3 » 9 ® ® m 70a- 228 CEREALS OF FRANCE. IS "S^ O O w o o . ^ o c: Ci Tj* ^ o oc :o o o JU Odd 00 cTio" 'S o "* o t> iH o o o CI o t> CC (O c^ £9 ' '*£^ a. g ■^ W CO CO 1*1 o o o e- o -* m D4 c^ s^ "!:? o t- o o o o o O O O ^ i-O O C5 -^ CI Tl O Ci O O CM C-1 O 1-1 CJ i-H . o o o . t- => o . cc m c; o o . o o o O O ■ CD O CO t- O ■ O OS o X'-^" • C^QO'CD to O -^ L- in r-i in ■* '2 a- ^ ■ o o ■ CD CO ■ t3 a C'J; CEREALS OF FRANCE. 229 "S s ■S? e e I • o ©o ■ in » t- 5 in ( IM ■ < tO~NC ■* o 3 CO g S.sg 1^ ^ 'I M 2Q s o o o 0(000 »ne-graiDed wheat Eve Harlp.y Oits .' , Miii/.e Acres. 4, 483, 617 1, 054, 449 17, 089 14, 624, 049 4, Oil, 277 9, 245, 832 43, 565 Bushels. 83, 084, 730 17,126, 900 217, 805 198,1(11,000 :)8, eos, 382 291, 740, S:)2 427, :JL'0 Bushels. 82, 060, 225 16, 109, 080 244,860 222, 497, 400 94, 628, 468 293, 780, 481 579, 320 1881. Acres. Bushels. 4,-543,517 944, 84! 17,590 14,783,712 3,083,105 8, 361, 5H7 I (t) 72, 069, S6.i l.'i, 715, 80.'. 213 S^n 217, 036', 160 95, 503, 360 259,435, 111 'Xut published. t Statistics no longer collected. CEREALS OP GERMANY. 231 Quantities and value of exported,* Tears. 1872, 1873., 1874., 1875. 1876 1877., 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. 1 Wheat. Eye. Maize. Bushels. Dollars. Bushels. Dollars. Bushels. DoUais. Thousands. Thousands. Thousands. Thousands. Thousands. Thousands. , 14, 210 23, 205 a, 160 3,046 41 35 ! 11, 970 20, 990 6,360 6,810 119.2 107 13, 755 22, 419 6,800 7,282 82.8 80 19, 950 28,560 6,240 6,926 848 804 12, 580 20, 325 4,000 4,046 776 737 1 25, 725 38. 656 7,040 7,092 848 756 27, 475 37, 306 7,840 6,997 828 687 21, 175 30, 226 5,840 5,188 620 440 6,335 9,621 1,063 1,223 54.8 44 8,764 13, 994 2,387 2,879 23.2 10 ('oinitr'u'.'< to, and .^ea.i, .f<\, throuyh icliidi exported. IN 1878. Whither. Wheat. Denmark Baltic Sea Russia Austria-Hungary Switzerland Fralice Belgium Netherlands North Sea Bremen Hamburg Ports of Prussia (not included in the ZoUverein) Oldenburg Bushels. 13, 843 19, 049 21, 769 1, 144, 068 5, 878, 605 690, 377 427, 636 276, 246 111,981 106, 421 1, 216, 886 329, 488 Kye. Bushels. 16, 006 6, 170, 986 17, 058 1, 656, 456 79, 866 16,170 30, 786 54, 596 7,360 135, 996 577, 650 199, 402 606 Maize. Bushels. 880 38, 808 5,030 215, 302 425, 674 2,824 400 1,152 16, 856 130, 374 IN 1880. Whither. Wheat. Eye. Maize. Bushels. Dollars. Bushels. Dollars. Bushels. Dollars . Thousands. Ihousands. Thousands. • 28 313 42 465 77 Thousands. 32 359 47 533 88 j! housands. Thonsands. Hamburg -Altona 626 300 114 106 138 720 2,389 589 1,217 337 2,591 1,099 759 172 160 209 109 3,617 894 1,846 461 3,927 DenTnarlr Kussia Austria- Hungary 654 635 21.3 177 France 185 375 212 461 347 242 IN 1881. 24 343 177 1,040 26 362 187 1,094 Hamburg- Altona 472 1,460 205 054 2,027 285 3.2 2.28 Kussia 13 9 998 403 1,657 539 1,386 569 2,160 748 367 214 387 225 60 143 43 102 34 36 2.3 1 628 2,627 872 3,649 62 116 65 122 * Where thousands are at the heads of columns in the following tables it would seem to imply that 000s are omitted. The tables are given substantially as made up by the German airthorities. 232 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. CEREALS OF GERMANY. Quantities and value of imported. Wheat. Bushels. Dollars. E Bu.shels. Thousands. re. Dollars. Maize. Bu.shcl.s. Dollara. T?iousands. Thousands. Thousands. Thousands. Thousands. 10, 710 17, 493 22, 000 21, 205 720 616 12. 810 22, 491 31, 200 33,415 1,160 1,035 14, 280 23, 276 38, 000 40, 698 2,260 2, 177 18. 465 24, 990 28, 000 26, 656 4,520 4,284 23, 975 35, 938 44, 000 44, 744 7,880 7,473 32, 900 49, 000 47, GOO 48, 076 7,120 6,354 37, 100 SO, 218 37, 800 33, 796 4,680 3,808 31,725 45, 690 58, 800 52. 360 6,000 5,712 7,964 12, 287 35, 582 31,719 13, 625 10, 900 22, 627 32, 368 24, 610 26, 180 18, 037 12, 852 Countries from, and seas, 4-c., through whirli imported. IX 1878. Whence. Wheat. Bitshels. Denmark 15,453 Baltic Sea 74.5,092 Eussia 13,982,689 Austria-Hungary 15, 121, 751 Switzerland 619,041 France 55, 344 Belgium 1,771,264 NetTierlanas .5,44.5,1.58 North Sea 99,678 Bremen 300,636 Hamburg 339,024 Ports of Prussia (not included in the ZoUverein) '. ' 132, 533 Oldenburg 1,855 Kye. Bushels. 35, 456 5, 831, 894 13, 443, 902 3, 488, 562 22, 526 1, 284, 690 1, 193, 126 6, 365, 330 1, 105, 228 2, 579, 640 1, 407, 234 1, 091, 998 200, 976 Bushels. 4,782 35, 578 "1,681,852 19, 896 5,984 92, 948 473, 702 58, 282 1,193,334 863, 918 229, 454 17, 484 IF 1879. Denmark Baltic Sea Russia Austria-Hungary 1 12, J Switzerland i France j Belgium 1, Netherlands I 7, North Sea Bremen Hamburg . . .^. Ports of Prussia (not included in the Zollverein) Oldenburg 25, 198 46, 520 792 794, 628 19, 537, 458 31, 142 731, 330 11,726,730 • 34 851, 908 3,555.922 2,661,456 278, 190 9,720 9,818 44, 042 683,058 6,034 863, 470 1, 752, 426 133, 668 682, 551 11, 278, 996 687, 368 76, 095 1,931,664 39, 280 351,601 4, 543, 680 1, 770, 234 459, 466 1, 912, 302 2, 538, 844 107, 511 1, 978, 878 280, 990 3,336 226,068 7,956 CEREALS OK HOLLAND. IN 1880. 233 AVh Bushels. eat. Ej e. Maize. Dollars. Bushels. Dollars. Bushels. Dollars. Bremen Hamburg-Altona Thousands. 209 488 103 Thousands. 2ti5 668 140 Thousands. 1,557 905 668 66 15, 786 2,577 2,526 1,214 702 39 11 Thousands. 157 916 670 55 1,090 2,618 2,546 1,228 706 39 10 Thousands. 2,278 4,185 225 Thousand: 1,599 590 Denmark Sweden 158 JEluasia . ., 5, 924 4,486 7,830 6,140 372 841 261 Austria-Hungary 590 Belgium . . . . 596 338 545 461 747 289 347 601 202 Netherlands Eoumania Bulgaria . .' 242 421 Turkey 211 148 Egypt 14 ■ 16 14 3, 822 6 19 21 17 5,230 8 North America United States ... . 27 297 9 27 299 8 650 4,042 44 458 2,832 30 Ports of South America . . . IN 1881. 237 579 329 1 1,634 803 , 808 423 1 727 3 422 9 437 Hamburg 853 6,264 1 3,743 447 . ' Huesia 11, 188 4,479 15, 539 ; 12, 369 6,221 2,217 J 3,693 1,431 i 2,041 738 j 856 076 ! 13,069 1,059 ; 754 2, 344 1, 046 74.1 3,905 1,031 561 487 2, 169 1, 034 906 648 1,705 714 461 1,214 4,076 665 5,661 ■ 206 923 373 218 1 3,259 394 609 2,322 Other countries 434 CEREAL AND CROP REPORTS IN HOLLAND. BBPOBT BY CONSUL ECKSTEIN. OF AMSTERDAM. Eeports oii the results of the harvest of any year are not required to be sent in to the government from the various districts before Januaiy of each succeeding year, and then it takes the government from a year to eighteen months more before it finally publishes the agricultural statistics for such years. It is only very recently that those covering the year 1880 made their appearance, nor will any sort of agricultural report for 1882 be likely to be forthcoming before late in the year 1884. And then again it should be stated that the form in which they are generally prepared in this country cannot be at all compared with that in which' our own national and State bureaus of statistics publish them, being neither as complete nor as comprehensive, and when brought out so late they have lost nearly all value for any practical purposes. This vear, for the first time, the government requested or ordered a kind of provisional report regarding the state of the growing crops to be made at an earlier day than usual by the different districts or prov- inces. D. ECKSTEIN, Consul. United States Consulate, Amsterdam, October 11, 1882. 234 CEREALS OF BELGIUM. CEREALS IN BELGIUM, BEFOUT BT CONSVL STEVART, OF ANTWERP. Eeferring to circular from the Department of State, dated 31st May last, I have now the honor to hand the accompanying tables, givingthe information asked for in the third and fourth questions of the circular, viz : Table No. 1 gives the quantities and values of the total importations and exportations of wheat, rye, and corn into and from Belgium for the ten years from 1871 to 1880, inclusive. Table No. 2 gives the quantities of wheat, rye, and corn imported into Belgium for the same period of time according to the countries from which they came. Table No. 3 gives the quantities of wheat, rye, and corn exported from Belgium and the countries to which exported during the yenrs men- tioned. The quantities are given in bushels and the value in dollars. Corn, oats, and buckwheat are always given together in the official returns, so that I could not separate them. In regard to questions 1 and 2 in the circular, I addressed myself to the minister of the interior for the desired information, but in his reply, dated 21st July, he tells me that the government has no data upon the quantity of land cultivated in Belgium since a report made in 1866, but that new agricultural statistics have been collected to the end of 1880, and that so soon as they are in order for use I should be notified of the result. JOHN H. STEUAET, Consul. United States Consulate, Antwerp, Augti.st 2, 1882. CEREALS OF BELGIUM. "S> 00 ■^ «5 (N ,-< O) lO O! -TJ- ,-, ,-( o ,- 1 Wrfoo 293 128 267 603 375 439 7C.0 532 192 696 671 696 230 121 I 446 4,213 314 1,299 2,707 4,918 1,170 1,090 903 306 330 277 16 527 101 140 (DO OiOi cocgcoocoocoincoirtTjiiftio c-'^t>cDcNOjmcoociOotocc'"' i-l»OOrfCOQO(Oi-li— it^lOO to t> Oa t- OS (D r 5 O (M (O <» L-; o ■*«NI>t-0{OOSfO(MF 3tDlO«OiI>«CS?aoo^ IwlQ-XJ-^rHiHOO-^-^OT,-) -tlOOT-H01COiH!OI>T SPOCOOSOOeDClTt-T •1 ■*o>eoiHO»->c^i- ^ 00 I.-C ;t-0.— lOiTjiTflOr-iQOOtDm ■^oot— C-OlMr-ICa N CO O CD O 1" t- « (D IQ (D CC 1* O cooin^t-oocoooicoi-i^ic^-r eococccJi-trHint^weo-^c-icoo 9 O O OS OS 1-1 CO - - -. ^ O Ir ffl CD 00 M W (M ^ in o t- COM 'pSS?3??"^°ocDt^ocQcoi>ot>i-«L:iio SSSS'^S5^^'^^^'~'cocotn'*oL--if~t--co gCOCONOOrlOSTiHOCOT -I -* o (M in W CO i-l M I- Ift CO Ci O 1^ ■ CO OS 'X in 00 L . - .. _ ^- ^ u- ^ ■TjiT^ineoococoosMC-ososooo w M w cD"-^cr"i*o"oo*"iri"cc'"'^tr-'"i>' Ciegmc>iT-Hco^Hco»oino i-» O) rHINiHrHOSCO rH i-l COCDTjlinCDOC-lCOt-"*CD-«*CO"lO CO 00 .-' X (M ■ri' CC CO CO C- M iH lO I-l CO O CO O O OS O CM to 00 CD Tj< T^ CO ->* OS CD -* 00 CO CO -C rW ^ 236 CEREALS OF BELGIUM. '^ 01 00 01 Tjt cq-' "^ "-. mr-co-»}-ooaot--to— 'mi- mC~COt:~tO(MOi— iNC-l ro to r-. (M CO CI CO ^ If: !-■; -t CI CO IS -p C~ CI CO CD CO I— to C^ ^ O ^P CO t- r; t> O .-I lO in o o c- CO o 00 o r> M It- "Wi i.r> CO iH 00 c- C» CO O Tf O O) c^ in o CO oi oc CO to CO (M O CO r-1 rja^^l^.^n^i-r O O CO c I- If. -mi ^McS^«5?K'Cf:M'5fc«:3t=£o = «o^^£&KoPa CO tH t~ CO iH (M O lO t- O iM O) CO t- iH CO oin CO o c QO-^OOCO-^COt C-IOSt-CO-^CD-— (C ,_i ^ r-i t~ ■^ t- CJ >— iQ 1— I O 71 t~ OC ■ CO o >; r OJ O C- . CO o t- . t- CD m . CO CO 00 r-H .— I CO_ ^ COO"— *CDC. lOO?l-H— 'cf QC" a "^ ^ at ' CO Tf o • O rH la ■ e-1 OJ i?~ ■ CO CO o • CI L- O ■ C-: o 00 ■ OO CO OJ . CO ns LI ■ iH 00 O ^''o ^ h4 6 ^ p; Q ^ p^'5 I Mi;- CEREALS OF BELGIUM. CTS CD O — T-> CO W Tf o !N r- (M 1-- t- O t-if> M oi CO CO (D o> r- ■ t-"«o ■*'■*' o" so" • M IM t- (N m 00 00 M "i*« ftOOi-lrH«OCOCQOiO » "^ t-i ci" rC opf eo"^" cii" 3 Oi "■* W 00 O) t- (M N t> O V OJ <-< ;0 rH Tf o O lO i; — CO 00 :■! a 00 in m o r -> OS t- re CO w" SCOf-lWOOCOOJ'^OiH OOC5DCO »-i--.oo'*cgco <-> eo O tJ< O CO OP3 C- "-i X --c ?l ^J t~ X O O CJ 00 O t- ■ «D (>■* 1ft (M ^ 5S . 50 O » CO 0> -^ Ift COt-CJC: ro u-: o t- 00 ro m CO C: =1 c- o CO c-i X in tH OS in I-* -I* 00 o -* in CO 1-1 CO — CO O IM i-« t-- in rt c>og^ofi >-.og^oe '--.3 238 CEREALS OF BELGIUM. CC --i CI- c- o c f cf od" co" t-' I--" CD lO CO iH c: o i> I.-' o' -^^ o' -j' c5 CO c^ CO CO CI CO I- '"'■9^ "'^ ■*a t- ro O CO a, 71 §3 r-ToO O i.O '~ -(fr "S 2S CO CI -t CO Ss -^ Ci CO .-I '^ f- O CO f OJ ^ o S3 O " rH iC-l o «; o CO 05 c> o m o ^x o o CO -Tt* '■^ -^ o o 53 o o :r r- L- -^ C CO L~ CJ CO XI X CO r- r-l T-1 CO t- O oo'o o'co" r~ OS CD CO CS >* M CO CO l-O o =5 OOI o o Xj TM r^ O — ^~" X t-1^ 00 -M Sc-f>" « p-i S = s " = ■■<3> pC-> ■ g'-"' o •S^ '0'>" ;-0'>^ --£'> CEREALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 239 CEREALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. REPORT BY OONSVL-QENERAL MEBRITT, OF LONDON. lu response to the circular of the Department of State of the 31st of May, 1882, requesting statistical information as to the cereal produc- tions of G-reat Britain and the amounts of the imports and exports of grains for the last ten years, I have the honor to submit herewith my report. For its preparation I have mainly relied upon the very full and accurate statistical tables published by the goverHment, but when, as in certain instances, the government returns did not contain the desired information, recourse has been had to the best unofficial authorities with a view of making the report as complete as possible. Where the tables are capable of fuller explanation, a few comments have been added, call- ing attention to the more important facts elicited by the statistics, es- pecially as bearing upon the interests of American commerce and agri- culture. The circular calls for information for each of the last ten years (1872, 1881) upon the following points : I. — The area under each cereal crop for the year specified. Description of crops. 1872. 1873. 1874. 1875. 1876, Acres. 31, 003, 137 Acres. 31, 102, 620 Acres. 31, 266, 919 Acres. 31, 416, 350 Acres. 31, 551, 612 CORN CROPS. Wheat 3, 598, 957 2, 316, 333 2, 705, 837 66, 875 524, 005 361, 545 3, 102, 620 2, 335, 913 2, 676, 227 51, 634 586, 661 318, 213 3, 630, 300 2, 287, 987 2, 596, 384 47, 228 5.59, 044 310, 647 3, 342, 481 3, 509, 701 3, 664, 009 54, 903 664, 181 316, 375 % 995, 957 2, 533, 109 2 798 430 Oats -- 56, 210 Beans Peas 517, 556 293, 407 Total 9, 573, 551 9, 458, 928 9, 431, 490 9, 451, 650 9, 194, 669 Description of crops. 1877. 1878. 1879. 1880. 1881. Acres. 31, 711, 413 Acres. 31, 854, 533 Acres. 31, 975, 784 Acres. 32, 101, 909 Acres. 32, 211, 512 CORN CHOPS. "Wheat Barley or here Oats Rye .......... 3, 168, 540 2, 417, 588 3, 764, 179 60, 146 497, 879 311, 797 3, 218, 417 2, 469, 652 2, 698, 907 60, 117 437, 936 382, 617 2, 890, 244 2,667,176 2, 656, 628 49, 127 444, 228 277, 831 2, 909, 438 2, 467, 441 2, 796, 905 40, 781 426, 667 234, 470 2, 805, 809 2, 442, 334 2, 901, 275 41, 567 440, 201 216, 790 9, 210, 129 9, 167, 646 8, 985, 234 8, 875, 702 8, 847, 976 An advance abstract of the agricultural statistics of this year (1882) shows the wheat acreage to be 3,003,915; oats, 2,833,815; and barley, 2,255,139 ; a gain of acreage in wheat of 7.1 per cent, and a loss in oats of 2.3 per cent., and a loss in barfey of 7.7 per cent., as compared with the returns of last year. This increase in wheat was a surprise, as the last seven bad years in 240 CEREALS OP THE UNITED KINGDOM. English agriculture have fallen most heavily upon the -wheat-growers A leading writer, in commenting upon these statistics recently, said : It is a question whether an increased area under wheat is not a greater cause for alarm than a slight decrease. The vast and almost exhaustless prairie lands of the Mid- dle, Western, and Northwestern States and Territories of the great American continent are being brought into cultivation, and the stored-up fertility of these lands has been such, that, up to the present time, and probably for many years to come, enormous crops have been grown at a cost that to us in this country seems absolutely incredi- ble. India, also, with her vast lauds, is now fast flooding the European markets at prices that barely exceed the cost of raising the croii in this country. Speaking of raising wheat on the poorer English lands, he says : It is to be feared that the increase under wheat this year means that many of these unprofitable lands — driven out of cultivation by bad seasons — have ouce again been put under wheat. If this is the case they will be in th'3 future a source of vexation to us. In very good years they will but barely pay their co.st of working, while in bad seasons they will be a constant source of anxiety and loss. The reduction in the barley average is attributed to the great reduc- tion in prices which Mr. Gladstone's rearrangement of the malt tax has brought about. The effect of foreign competition and bad seasons has been to reduce the wheat average in twelve years about 25 per cent., the other cereals with some slight variations remaining the same from year to year. In wheat the highest point was reached in 1869 with 3,981,989 acres under cultivation, and the lowest in 1881, with 2,967,059. II. — The qiiaiitltiea and yield of each rereul for each year. WHEAT. Bushels. 1^72 88, 320, 000 1873 ,. 91,750,000 If 74 118,8-,'3,000 1875 80,822,000 1876 : 84,248,000 1877 73,062,0110 If 78 101,460,000 1879 55,008,000 1880 79,590,000 1^81 77,954,000 BARLEY. Average acreage 2, 680, 37^ Average yield per acre bushels . . 3*3 Average production do 96,493,608 OATS. Average acreage 4,196,226 Average yield per acre bushels.. 48 Average production do 201 , 418, 848 KYE. Average acreage 61 , 880 Average yield per acre bushels.. 32 Average production do 1,980,160 The government statisticians in Great Britain make no effort to collect the total amount of grain produced, except as the returns of sales show the probable quantities. I have, therefore, in the tables of wheat and the averages given for barley, oats, and rye, followed the best unofficial statistics obtainable. The promineiit feature of these returns is the larger yield per acre as compared with corresponding returns in Ameri- can agriculture, and they bear testimony to the high cultivation of the CEREALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 241 land, and the skill and labor of the English farmer under what has been of late years moSt discouraging circumstances. The standard average of wheat, for example, is 29^ bushels per acre^ while in the United States, according to late official figures, the yield per acre is only 12.4 bushels. I call particular attention to this point, as furnishing a contrast which may hereafter be of value to our Ameri- can farmers. With a wheat acreage twelve times greater than Great Britain, the United States does not produce six times as much wheat. III. — The qtiantities and value of wheat, ri/e, and maize exported, and the oouMtriss and! colonies to which exported, whetlier hy sea or land, for eaoh year. EXPORTS OF BEEADSTUFFS. Year. Value. Tear. Value. 1872 $3, 110, 764 5, 383, 983 3, 199, 422 1, 930, 443 3, 018, 198 1877 1878 $2, 307, 764* 8, 324, 914^ 3,409,421 3, 508, 897 3,712,015- 1873 1874 1879 .. -- 1875 1880 1876 I 1881 Great Britain being pre-eminently an exporting country in manufac- tures and importing in cereals, the very small exports of breadstuffs make unnecessary a more detailed statement as to quantities and des- tinations. Maize is not raised here. Eye is of so little importance that its acre- age is only J per cent, of the land under cereal cultivation. The average yield of Avheat of about 80,000,000 bushels is all con- sumed, and with a population of over 37,000,000 it requires in addition- about 110,000,000 bushels to supply home needs. These facts will appear more clearly by a comparison of the exports- of breadstufts with the imports, as given below. 242 CEREALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. •= i H coc- i 11 (M lO t- O CD ^lOt- T-((=> ■-*<00(NI> CO fsssgi CO Ol S3 r o'TtToro'in CO (^a <=) CO oi CO iH rt c^ cooocDi— icocOi-fWoirir- i-HOoOTf-^-^coo'caoo . CJ i-H O CO iH -* in CD o c CD in CO OJ iM 1^3 lOiCOOCOi-l-^lO-tOI ^cocococ~05alTJoci .t--COC0310)^HCOOOCOOCO -I CO m CO 00 3 : -"» --1,-, 764 472 003 812 144 708 416 838 808 85(1 081 891 -Q -d" .-I CO Ci OO 3 OTOOS :D O Cwl 900 807 33 73, 455 492 403, 42, 229, 447, 051 V^n O r^ rM^lCl" ClOO CD" ^Cli-iincOO-^CDOT+HOOCO CDCOOJCDOCI -+coi— io-T*.inT) CO CO CO CO O 0> C^ CO t- CO i-< CO CD CO CO t~ o 3 O i-l iM 00 CD O t- in CD OJ rH CD COlM O O CI -\t~0 iH O CO iH in M CO O O 03 O OJ CO -c^cooococi~iMcomincac •S o in ■*'oo t-Tt 3 00 I- -^ (M o> T SCO 1-1 in oi CO CO O CO 00 t- 00 CO CO in 00 H in CO oi o T 00 <-l CD CO O — ■ CM oi CO in o -^ CO CO rfi i-H in t- Ba a o g g « 3 §3 ^ •■ - fr- OS o O CO CO CI CO 1- .-H CM iH T-i oc in O CO CO CO r— x 00 CO O C^l -v CO Ol CO 00 — CO O CM C^ CI CO ih" ■tJiMOOlrHCCClM >*■ cji in 00 — 1 o X CO CD C -jUi-HCMeo^ca-rfc: -t I— I O CO £31 OJ -* a .-HI* moiooot>o',D.-ix in i-T M ■^" i> I-T CO I-T x" ■^ t- (M in m CO 1— i- o o in i> ■* cr, ^ CO Oi Eg Ol t^ c-j o -t to ot >.-: o c~ !0 00 m Qc ri t~ =5 lO -# ^ 00 CO in* 10 038 6,511 885 211 1, 090 104 850 067 453 083 360 608 362 921 7,055 3,948 36 670 7,004 3,869 1,028 1,335 229 o 3 cr. o := ci — mco-r Tl c-c t~ O t~ 00 — ■ -11 = -,0 X Tj^-O 00 58 852 3.487 1,053 270 501 394 w«OCMOTf(— t-Cl-D -*OiO^'4't-r-(0»X T-i t- 0*0 in C~ M I— CD oo' eT o -T CO CO i> o"i^ t»cDccoi— it-incMin CC^r-lCOCDiniHTjICO tn c en t- ^ § S 2 ^ iSs CJe»QOtO?l-f"*-HOI>Tl (MNO'oxcotor-inosr-- CI toc-it^cso!o«ioi> .o i-l-MCOitO C OOfi (N -co 'S' r— t-it- lO —< o ■-»■ l-O t^ CO to -* .n'-* t~ X P* r^ -r ^ TO Tj-o'voo — tolor-ico —Ceo ,^" to' ao' tp" lo" r-' to* . rT x" « m CntD^->CtDl-lb0^1OI-^T^l -f "* r-,eD — -*, r-icor^to s (M lO" o "* X C li CO O l> r- !0 —' CC 'CJ -f ■r: fM lO — 00 00.VO O -M i*' to — t ■—I = l-^iO to CICO CO I -~ CO I- I CO 1-1 CO r-~ c^ r— X -^ iCO ■ -ri to X O — -J lO --o • o to IT) ■-\ C^ I.-, -O'X 1^ r- o' -4 o ci x'.-oT . tjT C^ to lOtO lO 0,(M ' 00 00 -* X >— •"* O^O 'O iO'*Qcco-*iic5ina:— 'COO eOlftH — lAri, OClOlOCl O iM 3 m -S COJO O -t -^ O crx'tgw o" ^r.-H'o'r-'TjTio" •* CO CT W OS 71. 1- Ol X CC X o r- CI o iQ- 1.0 ^ S CO o ■^ i~ m t-- CO x^c;— 'to i'^ot"~cox-^io L-j ro -+ to o » i-o -^ o X -T lO X I- 71 t- t~ m to t- -O Ci ■ X O O^ C--J lO lO cT— 'cc x'to'ao r-^oc'N to CO rH-tr^:i^:if:»— ■o'tt~t-"-cinc5to ;'0 ^-(.[J-t„Oi-*OC010 flM CCCi-^0 0"l(MOtD I'O lO" C-' ■* Ol M X^ Ol' O t— ' • CC r- :o X to --"?1 -J- • "* 00-1-- 'o -j< ci eo i-H t- ■-■ CJOlQOt-OOWOO"^ CC oT s'tp to co" ?o i> "*" (O M i-t rH »A . Tp to X ~ X CJ CC — . X X CO -H to TO .— t^ X O CO "-I iH ot^io-t-cocoeoih-* ojccof^coxco rio r-(C^XXXrHCOtDT*" 084 140 071 49.8 602 403 883 148 931 o 301 081 289 045 290 C- |§S <0 -* tH w CO CO <; •^ a r^ r>co' z ■"■■ t- CO ^ .-4 CO to cc■>^ - ■ IOCS m Ol CO -p -+■ -^ o 'riSSSSSS tj. X to -fto c-iio'tfco' - O r-( rjC TC CI : -I ^-^ ; : ;;■«<.. OS ;:. * • ■ ^a « ^o -J ■■r : . S a o ft ; .3 ■ i: • '!2i5s5 :m « o 70 A H O c^rraoxcorcNioco xintor'i— icocicoOT ooci-~: ■■s Ti- w t^'irf -^ to f- x' to ^-' T-\ iM'io to c-l ti .-, Koj r- tec- X __' ^ -T LU .1 . 1 . 1 CJ -f CO- " 1— - Ci -1* -r- ,._ cr. c- CI lOuO CO to r— c. ci 00 11 to (=■ M CJ to M r- -n- o CO X - i- r: iQ :o O ^ "=!:« s o s >^ ',rt ; O ™ aJiS » i^ ii a; ■'^ - t-. a ^ ^ ^ y; 5 c3 a 5 ^ 'H _^ i P ^r^ t O 244 CEREALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. s O SI * t> I> Ci: C~ 00 CO It to in c-] i~ CO too .-i^co :o CM "S co to o I — . -*l-C CC W "tf <= t- I— . lO c: t~ >c^ CO m - _ . . "CO c; CO oc ; (M CO c^: -ti ci o -* oc o o CO i- i-~ C - Ci" I':'--' X oTcc' i,-' r ^ CM tc — i~ CO t- cs : -QO coCi^-CCCt ■^ ■-»■* oc od oc o co" to' oo' o r S o w cc t - i~ o ct -f f-T3> .-iCltOCCvCCi-t r-l CQCD ;:e c ^ H H M « p^£-5«f^fi'p;t-o I 's> ^ _. 00 M liiiis ^ rr t- CO to CO t- L- 1 c cooTocooc ■* _„^ - i o ko o) Cb tn a> o *; t-' to' Dim in ocift ql ?:^s^-^" ■^ X .-1 --l -H «n 00 ■ 00 S Oi ^4 OC l> 00 o g ^s iisSSi ^5 cocj -«• '■J- 00 00 to r— t- ro — ' + to "3 ^5 f>(M CJ Ci ^^ r-i OJ CO 00 ^?/;£6c'3^7:-^ . £ ?^ ^ ii l; ?, 5 g ^ a. i- ro ,-0 cc -t CO CiSSS^S"-?, CT. OC — -^ CO (T. — 1 ;:::mr-.'.*(Moa:rH (5s o o oi c: C5 COCOTP .-1 d o p ■ ■ ■ fl "r^ : : ;-3 ^p : ; ; bc > r c ^ CEREALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. 245 These tables of imports of breadstufifs sliow how largely Great Britain is depeudent upon foreign supplies for food, and the great value of the grain exports of the United (States. In round numbers, it has cost Great Britain $275,000,000 a year for foreign cereals during the last ten years, \rhile lately $300,000,000 a year have been spent. The United States have furnished on an average 36 per cent, of the wheat imported, and last year 64 per cent, of the wheat was from the United States. In maize the percentage for the past ten years is still higher — 70 per cent.; within this period the imports of wheat have increased nearly five fold from the United States; barley thirty fold, but decreasing; maize three to four fold. The wheat table shows a decrease in imports from Eussia, Germany, and France, and an increase in British Indian grain. Next to the United States, Eoumania exports "the most maize to Great Britain; France exports the most barley, and Eussia the most oats. It would also appear that British North America and British India will in the future be no mean rivals of the United States in wheat exports to Great Britain, but how serious the competition will be de- pends upon too many unknown factors to be as yet even estimated. E.' A. MEEEITT, Consul- Getter al. Uniteb States Consulate-Gbneeal, London, September 15, 1882. THE CROPS OF SCOTLAND. REPOKT BX CONSUL LEONAHD, OF LEITB. The harvest throughout Great Britain this year, with all the draw- back of unsettled weather during by-gone months, has proved the best in point of result of any harvest during the past seven years, although a good deal of grain is still outstanding in the backward parts of the country, owing to the broken weather that has prevailed during the past week. Wheat appears, up to the present time, to be a good fair crop, per- haps rather under, in point of quantity, to the estimated annual average of the years previous to 1875, when the British average in respect to yield was usually taken at about half the yearly national consumption, or about eighty to a hundred million bushels of wheat. While there is therefore a fair result as to yield this season, it is pretty evident that Great Britain will still have to import from abroad, and that principally from America, at the least a hundred and ten mil- lion bushels of wheat or its equivalent amount of flour. The quality and weight per bushel of the wheat crop is also fair, as, although the bloom has been taken oft' the wheat to some extent by the large amount of rain which has IVxllen, the acceptable breezes and fre- quent sunny days have enabled farmers generally to secure the grain in good condition. From the beginning of September last year to the opening of this year, wheat fell 24 to 30 cents per bushel in price, and only showed an average price for British wheat of $1.35 per bushel, the quality being poor, while No. 2 red winter of good sound quality made about $1.61 per bushel. Barley is a good, useful crop this season, though not over one-third 246 CEREALS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. of the .yield can be considered of clioice color or finest malting quality; such at present is $1.13 to $1.28 per bushel. The great bulk of this crop, although, occasionally a little rough and variableas to color, is pretty dry and of good weight. It will, therefore, be found most useful both by brewers and maltsters. It may bring 90 <;ents to $1.10 per bushel, weighing 56 pounds, while the remainder of the crop may be worth 75 to 90 cents per bushel, and is well fitted for distillery and milling purposes. Oats are thecrop of the season, being of large bulk and fruitful yield per acre, while they are also of excellent quality and generally of good weight and superior condition. But much of the oat crop still remains expdscd in the. later and higher districts of the country. The value runs at ])resent from 82 to 97 cents per bushel for best descriptions, and 05 to 80 cents i)er bushel tor ordinary sorts. Beans are a good crop, well podded, and of sound quality. Few pears are now grown, and these have suffered to some extent from the wet. There is a large bulk of straw from all the cereals this year, and the hay crop is bulky and of good quality. Potatoes will give a good yield. In the Lothian counties farmers are stJU Inisy with the x'otatoes, but as the crop is gathered the disease is found to be making serioii.s ravages. Prices have risen slightly ; but si?' 17 per ton, equal to 46 cents per bushel, appeals to be the most that can be realized for marketable potatoes, while for diseased ones, lit for feeding cattle or pigs, farmers are glad to get SO per ton. or about IC cents per liushel. Turni])s, according to all accounts, will turn out, in some places at least, the largest crop within the memory of the ])rest-nt generation. The roots are sound aTid of good qualit.y, but owing to their al)unda_nce the,y fetch but a poor pricr, and' only those farmers get the fall advant- age of the crop who ca n afford to bu.y lean sheep or cattle to fatten on it. Owing to tiie demand thus created the price of stock rules high. Turnips, it is believed, will rise in value in the event of frost being ex- perienced. Although the abundance of the harvest in America is evidently very great, and it is obvious that supplies of wheat and flourfroin that quarter will be large all through the season, it remains to be seen whether the potato disease ina.y not yet affect food prices to a greater or lesser extent. It is very likel.v to do so to some moderate degree further on, but, meanwhile, as that root crop is somewhat pressed on the mai'ket,it may rather have an opposite effect for the present, as the cheapness at which potatoes are offered may materially affect the consumption of bread- stuff's and thus interfere with the regular demand on millers and flour merchants. Shipments from America continue small, and the sales for earl.y delivery are also limited. These circumstances, taken together with the estimated loss on pota- toes here, and the near approach of winter in the I'pper Baltic stopping St. Petersburg shipments at an early date, may help to strengthen the tone if not imjirove the prices of wheat in the JBritish market. J. A. LEONARD, Consul. United States Consulate, Lcith, October 19, 1882. CEREALS OF SWITZERLAND ITALY . 247 CEREALS OF SWITZERLAND. REPORT BY CONSUL ADAMS, OF GENEVA. Upon the receipt of the circuhir I wrote to the federal bureau of sta- tistics and the department of commerce and agriculture at Berne, and- at the same time to Mr. F. DemoU, of this city, who in turn wrote to the department above named. I inclose with this translations of letters received from the bureau of statistics, and from Mr.Demoll, which will suiSce to show the difficulty of collecting information of the kind required in this country. LYELL T. ADAMS, Gonsuh TTniteb States Consulate, Geneva, August 3, 1882. Mr. Demoll to Consul Adams. Geneva, July 31, 1882. On receipt of your letter of the 9th instant, I applied to the federal department of agriculture for the information you require upon the cultivation of cereals in Switzerland. As I intiui.ated to you in our last interview, no documents exist which afford an answer to your questions, and I do not think that further researches would yield an appreciable result. The secretary of the department informs me that in 1860 it was estimated that 380,000 hectares were cultivated for cereals, and he believes that since then the area has greatly decreased, judging from the growth of the trade in cattle aud dairy products. He sends me tables of Swiss imports and exports for ten years, which I think will be of little use to you, as the home consumption of cereals does not appear. Regretting niv inability to answer you more fully, I am, &c., ^ • F. DEMOLL. Mr. Lyell T. Adams, Consul, cfc CEREALS IN ITALY. REPORT 21T CONSUL-GENERAL RICHMOND, OF ROME. I have the honor to transmit herewith eight tabular statements, in obedience to the call for statistical information as to the cereal crop of Italy, contained in circular from the Department of State, dated 1882. The crops from 1872 to 1879, inclusive, and the areas under cultivation for that period, are an average statement made up by the government on the basis of the crops and the areas of 1872, 1873, and 1874. Beginning with 1880 a new system was adopted, and for that year and 1881 a more precise statement is given. For the statistics I am under great obligations to Professor Lnigi Bodio chief of the bureau of statistics, and also to Mr. Viucenzo Ma- e'aldi secretary to the minister of agriculture and commerce. , ' LEWIS EICHMOND, Consul -General. United States Consulate- General, Borne, August 3, 1882. 248 CEREALS OF ITALY. 0EK1':ALS in ITALY. Tablk I.— Average annual area under rvlfh-niUyn from 1872 io 1879, inclusive. Proviuce.s. Piedmont Lombaidy _ Venetia Liguria Emilia Marches and LTmbria Tuscany _ , Home Southern Adriatic ProviDces Southern Mediterranean Provincfs. Sicily Sardinia Total . "Wheat. ludiau j Kye and coru. i bailey. A cres. 4li.-) 441 ri:i:; Hf.l) ■:>K 701 2o;j 174 1, 443 915 1, 067 01.-, 997 689 395 (100 1,880 Ii4(< •-', 570 200 610 (ifi7 120 JNI Arre 831, 610, KiT, 63, Rsa. 504, 304, 86, 435, 679, 4, 5, 101, 7(1, 11 ■n •:i,^ 19.-., 310, Acrctt. 28, 963 52, 334 f,S, 821 2, 116 32, 799 34,715 107,808 19,760 27.-., 1.58 .^16, 830 10, 270 10, 855, 189 4, 213, 256 | 1, 184, 651 Kioft. Acres. 181,922 249, 162 79, 683 59, 914 'i,'i85 172 140 1,183 573, 360 T.vur.l'l ",'. — .lrcra< ami H-^l. Wh,.at. ! ^^ Ai'rcs. I Acres, Piedmont I 4li.-, 441 ■ 343,109 Lombardy 491,618' .-4.-., 161 Venetia 550, 012 ; 037.904 LiRiiria 203,174 1 63,032 Emilia 1,190,915 1 560, •''.(.1 Marches and Umbria 1,070,907; 5119,(507 Tuscany giif., 654 j 30.5, l.(i7 Rome . .'. 305, 200 ; ^(^ 326 Soutiieni Adriatic Provinces ],.*^04.2ri4 i 435,210 Southern Motliterranean Provinces 2, 570, 2()0 i 693, J^02 Sicily 1, 397, 790 ! 4, (.2.S Sardinia ■. 31)0. 957 i 5, OOli Total i 11,550,792 j 4,190,919 K\ e and barley. Acres. | 2S. 00.1 I 52, 334 I •S. iTe ' 32, 799 36, 659 107, 808 19,7(0 277, 995 329,819 10, 010 967,084 Eice. Acres. 1H2, 120 213,061 SO, 176 60, 421 " 'i,'i85 173 74 1,479 Table 3. — Aoerai/e of crops harveniva pa- ijeur, from L'^72 to 187'.1, hirlii.iire. Provinces. Piedmont Lombard.y Yenetia .' ■ Lipiuria Emilia Mar0, 154 2l,75l,e!12 2, 723, 621 1881. Bushels. ■4, 814, 639 7. C98, 801 7, 147, 967 1, .573, 330 14, 415, 531 8, 787, 504 8, 708, 515 2, 427, 040 15, 288, 493 18,204,219 9, 499, 864 2, 142, 558 164,818,894 I 100, 708, 4(il Indian corn. 1880. Bushels. 7, 184, 596 13, 685, 218 12, 397, 720 836, 624 11,681,408 10, 040, 316 5,441,515 1,148,160 8, 357, 791 10, 164, 330 72, 561 44, 649 81, 074, 888 1881. Bushels. 4, 596, 405 8, 527, 554 8, 264, 212 639, 507 7, 745, 080 6, 125, 139 3, 379, 759 1, 148. 160 4,787,810 9, 838, 754 89,364 57, 263 55, 199, 007 Eye and barley. Oats. Rice. 1880. ' 1881. 1880. 1881. 1880. 1881. Bushels. 1, 651, 234 1, 477, 375 988,718 143, 339 402, 171 546, 742 387,715 40, 095 4, 016, 397 3, 133, 260 5, 057, 721 781,421 Bushels. 1, 264, 675 1,441,233 960, 393 122,771 337, 790 385, 2.'4 286, 495 22. 733 2, 599, 025 1, 713, 472 2, 874, 349 776, 655 Bushels. 578, 325 924.841 1,304,«<8 31, 429 658, 545 587, 671 1, 896, 484 003,140 6, 038, 648 6, 275, 558 191,231 Bushels. 430, 633 954, 258 1,264,252 29, 452 611,261 370, 465 1, 507, 457 364, 320 3, 778, 2s5 3, 968, 205 110,478 Bmhels. 9, 407, 3.55 12, 310, 661 8, 116, 624 Bushels. 7, 031, 914 10, 835, 467 Venetia 3, 132, 778 Emilia 2, 369, 851 2, 098, 890 44,602 33,759 Southern Adriatic Provincea. Sonthem MeiUt^rranean Prov- inces Sicily ^. 7,606 2,849 38,007 3,773 4,182 29,447 Total 18, 626, 188 12, 784, 815 19, 089, 560 13, 389, 036 27, 297, 655 23, 170, 210 250 CEREALS OF ITALY. CEREALS OF ITALY. 251 OS 00 coca oort* Tfin w ooin o r- OS iC to ■ oot-co w . ■WO O CO SSS ; CO 00 IMr-l CO r^ ^ -"'a : 1— CO Oi-Ti-T I o S3 laiN i-ec • "* coopo '• ^■•fXOCOOCOlfttD 1 .H ■V o^i> . oct^c-. OOl — OOOO . 3 i i-"'«>f i tn CO o«*Tji--r^coot~c-ir-r*coo;i^ __- CQ O CQ IN ca CAJ — -jr ;^ c: !B -^ I- W 00 OS ^i-ntrWCTSrSCDKJCO-W'CTfO.-KNr-t OT ^ CNin'o" r-'-^'rj' rt-' w" — 00 J3 TiH Oi ^ oo ^ OS f-t &H CM roecoi C-HOCCT^eOOOMOJO (M t^iMt:^ c-'w = 'r^-t(-cot~t>30 ^ .03 t-ea S coo 00 CO CO o Ol CM Ol .-1 CO CO 6^ T-l ooocwTto-a-ooi-Hcot— or* 00 -0^ CO in Ti tcmw csajeooQCQ 00 ^ e cc'co" ts'to" r^Oi" CO 00 w ^ "* OS ■* .H r: oi CO - mm O CO i-( »n cs -v iT^ o oo ■ O-H IM .QOtOlfi COt-I'-'W • t-co in CD b- lO 00 rH Sh :.__- S C3 lO r-c^ eo oo 1-1 4rf CQOM OO • oin to t- S M'r^ (N~ ea If-T-i*" im" 00* 00 ^ •^^om CO to •ooo *" ti csmo oc t- ■ioo I-J CO •ift -H en l-S Th^ ■OS 00 CO US i "'*^" m'cJ 00 oo - ' 5-J CO ^ 00 t— t— ^(M o . ^r- CO .P- c~o* CC -^ t- Cl ■-! 00 00 00 CO to w § iH CO -^ o" t-" ^' Cl" 00 * (N ^ B o * ID (- (D ^ /" W p 'C t O S ■ & >1 o a ' *- flj ■ o o « ^rt^ ^ P.5 c .« > i a 1 1 -ICMOr-ICM>-l K N -^ O oc a' — ' 1-4 Ci CC m o r- c-i Lr: o :r lO *# t (p O) -- O CI ~ QC T4 ir rH - . OT in CS -W IQ C. L- CJ o - (MrH f-l rH t* W C^ O rH — •* m I r-l (M tn tttj ^f ,*J ijM T WJ vij w .r^i-tt-CMOCt--* et^^iO'"-*" NriM OrHlMIM 1-1 -(mt-o®ot£t~»^ (oeot-oo^coino-^-HcqrHTfoo |~SOOr-«7CtnOl-'M"*(Mr-lt-M .OSrHTfiHl-IOSt-m-^tD Scocooo' c-i'os'r-T ininooeooNO't iHCOiCir-ldOI— «3 .to ® N O 00 ■'*' g oCeS o o M O OS 1-H CC ^ ".O . OS 00 lO oc . - - CO O tJI O u-l- . t- O rH °e _ . _ . g in l <"= t: ■ - : -^ac^ « JU o 5 ^1 252 CEREALS OF ITALY. lA (O uTi r-J t— OO 00 ix; CM irt (N (D 00 m ro Oi On *?■ -^ ^ - c^ -+ -r oo "^ "j^ O I! 3 J-r M f^ ^ 7-. a C H o o b M - r~- r- r- rt ;o o o Tt CO o CD ;» CJ . CM in :^ c; C5 CEREALS OF ItAlit. 253 "S^ "S? O a n <: ■* -* s 00 1 Sv|,-l(0 QO w ^of ^ xa w ^ — 'CO-* M fX> >0 (N CO OS ■ ^ CO ■^u: o »'=1"/-" o o w w" ClCl CO in s (M oo TUto eo 00 Cfl — lO --J W tOClM 00 (MCC .00 ^ M .-1 a t- c QC " oT SM t1 ^_ ____, 00 .-1 o CC 30 — c lO •O Ol-~ =! 7^ CT t- .Tir-Ha >-' toc-t- S so" ^' Cfr- " CO- o s ^^O-J fH ',^ t. . O V'l o . oa - ■-co rtp t-~ ^= — (r^ i ^CJOO N -*< "~ ~ cj r^ o OOO CO . ." o t- l»f-l :3 {m'w" o" CM 1 ^ i __ _ — ' -* -o -iJ 00 rHOO ^3 o . r4 a. ^ - e» e; i^ ?0 t- W loeo ,_ CI xUi D- 03 ID TjH . ■* -^CD 1- C3 =: o" w" 1" s Ti (M ^ 0!0<» rt* to b- oi -^ -!j* ■M .l>i- OJ lO ■* sp _ gs «> iM s O? O "X s a OS CD in -. c '^J 1 -^ O^ r^ ^ in 3 E-H * .2 ■ 'ot '? <( ' a i; O M ■TZJ ^E, a .9 05 C ■^2 ^ rt ^ ^ — o - rt o t- , S - a a o H ^^i§s-3 = e5gsa^5 Hi-<1 o P V) o r- w ?>:i O 1 H O M m^.jii u? Ci N iff-lCM w ff CO(0^--^OtH i^t-QCOiHOi — r- OS irt O t- O iOSO'tJ'fOOOt; .« TJ eO W (M r-' o .eot-i>»nH(M ■1 ^ o lo c-i ■"»" It r- o tft - O »Q0 (M ir; rH , eo Qcin <» - . - S r-uft eo t- 00 1> ^(o r- ;^^ ^ a CO lO to OS O 'M « C^l S SO CO ~i CO »CO O CO (O o rj- ^ Oi tC C- O . t- 1-4 CO M CO i-H O O T-t o >c U5 M 00 O n - M ■* 00 ■**!"* ? . ^ O CI M r^i « ©■^Orfcxsurscoto 1-1 » O) 00 t- ^j CI oc a; CO f— - I-- O 00 1-1 to (M OS iH rH O t- tiO ■ eg C (C n t^-a 3 a S 5«j g St Hs -2 ^11 if sill II &§| 254 CEREALS OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. CEREALS OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. ; ItEPORT BT CONSWL-GBy^ERAL -WBAYEli, OF 17A',V.V4. ;In conformity with iiistnictioris contained in Department circular of May 31, 1882, I have to transmit herewith certain tabnlar statements showing the prodnction of and commerce in cereals and other grain iu Au.stria-Hun.u;!rv, during the decade 1871-'80. The tables have been carefully compiled from data obtained from ofQcial sources. The im- ports and exports could not be procured for the years ls7]-'74, not having been prepared in the form desired previous to the years, given, while those embraced in the: tables have been com])ile(l from the "Aus- wartiger Handel der Oestereichisch-Ungarischen Mouarchie" for 1875- '80, by Joseph I'izzala, of Vienna. The quantities and values^ as far as practicable, have been reduced to acres, bushels, and dollars, at the following rates, viz: In the tables of productions the hectare and hectoliter have been calculated at, re- spectively, 2.471 acres and 2.84 bushels, while in the tables of imports and exports the florin has been estimated at 41 cents, the metrical cent- ner at 220 pounds, and 00 pounds of wheat, but 50 of rye and maize per bushel, in conformity with sections 2919 and 3570 of the Revised Statutes of the United States. . I would, in this connection, call the serious attention of the Depart- ment to the unnecessary labor imposed upon consuls by insisting that quantities and values iu commercial reports should be reduced to cer- tain denominations possibly ni-ore familiar to the general reader in the United States, but no more convenient to merchants, statisticians, and others consulting these reports. ' The amount of labor involved in these reductions is simply enormous, if they are sufBciently accurate to be of any value, and since the metrical system has been :idopted by most European nations and authorized by the United States, the question arises whether the Depaitnient iijight not materially aid iu the adoption of the more convenient weights and measures of the metrical system by directing that commercial leports, when found in such vveights and measures, might be transmitted without further reduction. AVERAGE ANNUAL PRODUCTION OP GRAIN. From Tables I and II the following interesting remme of the total annual average production of grain during the decade 1871-'80 has been made: Grain. Wheat Ryo Maize Millet, spelt, niasliu Oats Barley Buckwheat ■ Total Austria. nungary. 4.S1, 740 ; S)S4, 58U ! !lf.."], -JM) 14'.), .7.1!) < 554, 005 i 747,66:1 I Pllxhel 00, 809, 31,674, 00, 9.?5, 7,»0K, 41. 839, 34, 207, 398, 534 1«7 I ur.-i ] 493 : 538 315 1 503 : Total. Bnshels. 97, 301, 101, 658, 77, 900, a 1,058, 129, 825, 79, 761, 8,144, 280 777 951 092 25S 320 165 267,818,611 -■37, 831, 232 i .',05, 649, 843 CEREALS OP AUSTRIA'HUNGAEY. 255 In couueotion with the foregoing table it. should be remarked that masliu, being a mixture of wheat and rye, composed about one-fourth of the whole amount, while millet constituted probably 50 per cent, of the whole in Austria; while in Hungaryabout DO per cent, of the totals put down to millet, spelt, and maslin belongs to the last. AVERAGE ANNUAL GRAIN ACREAGEi Notwithstanding the most diligent search through every source of information at my command, the acreage for Austria could not be found excepting for the year 1880, for the statistical year-book of the Ministry of Agriculture aud that of the Central Statistical (Jomuiissiou omit, ex- cepting for 1880, the desired data. This is so much the more surpris- ing, as the year-books of Hungary give these data. in a most complete, convenient, and commendable form. From Table III, therefore, we obtain the following r6suin6, giving the acreage of Austria for 1880, aud the average in Hungary during the 8. 384 499, 300 34, 282, 358 It may be remarked that the crop and acreage of Austria for 1880 was officially estimated as follows, counting 100 as au average, viz: Wheat, 111 and 103; rye, 91 and 95; maize, 108 aud 107; oats, 105 and 99; and barley, 112 and 110; so that the foregoing table may be con- sidered a fair approximation of the annual average acreage of Austria- Hungary in 1871-'80. AVERAGE ANNUAL YIELD PER ACKE. The average yield per acre for the several classes of grain in Austria- Hungary, by a simple mathematical computation, becomes as follows, ^iven in bushels per acre : Grain. Wheat Eve M aize Millet, spelt, maslin . Oata ■ IJarley Buckwheat Average Au.stria iu 18S0. 17.2 14.2 20.4 14.7 29,2 19.0 18.9 17.9 Hungary in 1871-'80. 10.7 10.3 14.3 10.8 12.1 14.6 5.0 12.6 Total. 12.1 13.3 15.3 11.5 18.4 15.9 . 16.3 14.7 256 CEREALS OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. AVERAGE IMPORTS AND EXPORTS COMPARED. By comparing the average imports and exports of cereals and flour during the years 1875-'80, as shown in Tables Y to XI, inclusive, we have the following results: Articlee. Imports. Exports. Balance. Wheat Eye bnshela., .- . do 6, 648, 772 2, 622. 765 6, 685, 464 64,136 9,395,517 2, 4 87, 732 3,410,912 161,577 2, 846, 745 65,033 3, 265. 552 207 441 Maize do Hour It would appear, therefore, that Austria-Hungary, out of an average annual wheat crop of 97,00. »,000 bushels, exported in 1875 a clear an- nual average of 2,846,745 bushels and 107,441 tons flour, equivalent approximately to about seven per centum of the crop. Table XIII shows in a succinct form the imports and exports of grain and flour during the decade of 1871-'80, and cannot fail to interest those seeking information of that nature. This table is taken almost without change from Mr. Pizzala's valuable report, above alluded to, and I am therefore at liberty to praise it without stint. JAMES EILEY WEAVER, Consul- General. United States Consulate-General, Vienna, August 16, 1882. * CEREALS OF AUSTRIA-HUNGAEY. 257 i-i t> EC •S "2 .= "S s, e "t. a. fc ^ ^ 3iX'*oo«fr-»oo'«rt- .i-rociC-OJi-tcQOJCMeo 4: <0 "* OO Cfi ■* M odoT^ ft; oecini-tojO'-Hosc-i.-' •2 « ■* c-i -* I>Cll-M •5 t>>* o eo 1^ t-t w COO) oa 2:J--i-.00)OIOOCt>P3^ S^^oiicococotDeQ f^ o OS t« CO i> a* 00 en 00 o> f«£caoaoi-^i:«oaoc)CDC4 3 M Iff cif cc't^i^t^co cTto fwCllM — "^i-H-MiOi-ICM O0^COiHCCCOCOt(i«DM «0=.'w':*" Scoo — ointcto^to'^ ^ (N 0?ffOCD •■5'I^QOOt-COt-OMtD ■*crsiOCO^(NCOCOCM ttl ^ 5 i- ■* o«o?iLnoc3sa)o to c i" oT t— ' 00 o ■"?'" ^'" co" « — _Oino-H — tDcooo •Heat->t- *s -'aser^t^Mcooj »^ ci c;. o ci < ?i P c-5 ^ 2 r-^ f^' oc o' CD CC r- : l^ t- m C'l lOOrlurj-^TCtDt- lO CO •— t- O: ■rt' CO ■^ 005 rH O fC in i-H CO 00 2 od(> in 00 ooc com r OC O C -Tt^'od' ooot-HineoeofMCsimto CO lO 00 lO «D O O O) I— lO iS CO ifle-i'o'o'or^tD cTo" ^ei'-ecos^-cM-^t'om f<0)C0t>lfi0)C^)ff!)CSO00 tocoincoDit-toin =too ClCCOOOi'^ — l-- = i-l _ l- I - (D O d X CC -T CC O rS ,—'■—' i>r o oT C-: yi *-= o' .-T "=- r~ ct r~ cc --^ I - CD C. cr:: " -=: m ir. ^ ^ X CO ~. c: >— ^ lOOO OCOCO - CMOO *] OJCO 00 00 CJCTCO ■- C: OJ — -r CD ■* CO O to -.i t- lO Cfo .H ED t> O t- iH I— o If: o; O t-O! t-ClCO .-I TJ CO -* L- o r- 00 OS o c-t~i— r-i-t-r-r-t-oo cococoac-xocQcooooaa 258 CEREALS OP AUSTRIA-HUNGARY * I ;o -^ -j: a X — — o -J" oi n c~ x -^ -- -^ = .C T I a, t~ 71 o -x> -^ ,-1 '— 1- u-^ ^ '_^j "' f i T-. "c ^ i'^ lo _^ -t- r — ~ i> x.-^z6 f' ^ ~i ■£■ ~, -j-j o^QCTi:io>::iXL-rH CT J. C : -^ ;c -3 ■ n H .-o :■-. r- -I ^ 11- -r - : 7-. -J r r" — -t => ' I ) -+ lO O C- X CI p ;. xi fj -Xj Xi X> • CEEEALS OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. (M Its t- OS -^ Oi 3;. bI— t~t> Oi ^ O ■SCO 0!D O »0 t- a ITS 00 if:i t- i» c- o o o ■* ■* o> O CM (M 00 O 00 . CI t> 00 OS P3 O ■? CO eo «5 ifl i-H :o >i — 1 1- >n oD TO oo :: CD ffi Tf '^ m o OS o 00 tn lO QOC- -- a- •I 't O M M lO ; lo OS OsM .—I o CO O.H m 00 (O CO «0 tH rfi o , OS ^ t- to t- CM ■3 rn'oo'cT CO CO CD « c- CO o CO -o- r> < iHr-(OM Ca t- CO r-" (M CO ■* -* OS -* CO CD _CO -* IC OOO •* ^ o o(f cTcT'^'"^ V U3 to CO t> CO CO < to t-l iH »-H CO O 00 in CD 00 00 Tfi CO i-H CO ^- (M 00 . C I OS CO OS 1-1 — 2 cc'to'otr^oo cm" u CO t~ CM 00 OS (M : to to CO ooo o o o o o o I"; -*• t- OS CD ■* ffl CO co^oo ■* to" cTt-' i> oT "-*"' iH CO to C« t- b- o CO in cDoos ■* io"t-^CD OTCO" 00 IM to ca (M ffl r-co o lO ocD , C^l I-' CO ■-! CM to -2 o"r-^t-^co"cJio~ 'W QO CD ^ O OCM ^ t- CM CO ■^ CO OS oo _ _ _ ^ _ _ S CO T+> lO lO CO >-l 01 I 70 A- to CO l> XOi o r* i> c- c- r- 00 00 OOOO OC 00 X 260 CEREALS OP AUSTKIA-HUNGARY. VI. — Tabular statement xhowing the quantity and value of wheat exported from Austriu- Hungarij, and to or through which countries, during the years 1875-'80. [Quantities given in busliels at the rate of iJ^ bushels per metrical ceiitiier of 100 kilograms.] Countries to or through which exported. Years. <,Uiautity. Bushels. 187.5 3,685,385 1876 4,396,947 1877 1 13,661,846 1878 I 13,285,921 1879 : 13,946,596 1880 1 7,397,405 Average ' 9, 39.'>, 517 $4, 532, 960 5, 775, 670 22, 146, 970 19, 312, 640 17, 924, 790 10, 743, 230 13, 406, 043 BustieU. 3,379,181 4,233,914 10, 630, 274 11, 272, 462 12, 358, 608 7, 099, 9';9 Bushels. 8,487 20, ;S4 223, 933 382, 825 775, 030 40, 945 Bushels. Busliels. 1 909 ' 18,434 608 10,275 70, 884 7,117 6,710 22, 926 19, 961 21, 889 4.5, 887 36, 574 Bushels. 266, 049 116, 045 , 540, 915 , 187, 351 747, 577 167, .574 Bushels. 11,325 1,870 230, 486 350, 610 12, 287 45; 623 8,162,418 i 241,967 : 17,251 | 27, 61-i 837,585 108,684 VII. — Tabular statement showing the quantity and ralue of rye imported into ^lustria- Hun- gary, and from or through which countries, during the yearn ].'r<7.'-'.^0. [Quantities given in bushels at the rate of 3.93 bushels per metrical centner of 100 kiln;: rains, ] T.-ais. Quantity. Value Bushels. 1875 1,140,832 .f!eK, 240 1876 1,4:)8,78» 1,3.50,9.50 1877 2, .5,53, 989 2,797,84(1 1878 2,214,370 1,847.870 1879 3,670,546' 2,;)lll,330 1880 -.. 4.112,005 3,800,970 A veragn 2, 522, 705 Countries from or through which imported. Germany. Russia. ' Roumania. Bushels. 909, 602 838, 017 1,719,225 1, 542, 226 1,469,199 1, 296, 393 2,181,200 l,ii95, 777 Bushels. ■ 56,855 110,115 246, 207 249, 740 1, .563, 260 1, 859, 035 680, 869 All others. 18, 6119 274,101 i 394, 772 :)li5, 705 548, 675 638,09^ 373,340 165,766 216, 496 193, 785 56, 639 95, 412 318,543 172, 773 VIII. — Tabular statement shouting Ihc quuiititij and ralue of rye exported I'mm .iustriu-lJun- gary, and to or through irhicli eounlriex. during the years l.^T.V so. [Quantities given in bushels at the rate of 3.93 bushrl.s per metrical cnnlnn of 100 k:lni:i auis.J Quantity. Couutiics In or throuiih which i\p(.ltcil. (lermany. AUothcis 'Jiic.slc Bushell. JUii.hds BnsInU 1875 _ I 2,927,343 $2,534,620! 2,:iI.S,139' !l, 141 1870 2,804,432 3,145,110 2,798,8011 5,572 1877 - -- 1,873,131 2,19.8,K3ll 1,849,2.54 187K _._ ! 1,730,088 1,542,010' 1,607,394 1879 2,938,327 2,298,870 2,892,311 1880 2,623,771 2,830,230 2,502,294 Average 1 2,407,732 2,424,945 2.128,042 16,405 63 lisii "22,664 33, 696 97, 998 :2, 917 13,099 15, 390 5, SK7 23, 285 CEREALS OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 261 i-i- Tabular statement showing the quantity and value of maize imported into Austria- Sunyarij, and from or through tohich countries, during the years 1875-'80. (Quantities given in 'busliels at the rate of 3.93 busliels per metrical centner of 100 kilograms.] Countries from or tbrough whicla imported. W.arH Qu;nility. Vidu 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 Average Susliels. 1, 707, 349 4, 047, 307 9, 528, 725 8, 433, 238 5, 168, 632 11, 227, 633 tl, 068, 460 2, 637, 120 5, 961, 810 5, 275, 470 2, 291, 490 7, 027, 810 6, 685, 464 Ihishels. 296, 015 2, 449, 133 7, 318, 969 6, 508, 528 3, 431, 904 5, 411, 571 Bushels. 922, 638 963, 023 779, 429 764, 517 586, 804 585, 230 BiusheU. 6,712 33, 385 265, 358 162, 065 542, 639 661, 177 Bushels. 191, 564 143, 453 371, 004 244, 929 205,-3»8 11, 480 Bushels. 4, 043, 693 ; 4, 236, 025 766, 940 278, 556 , 194, 638 27,774 59, 004 167, 861 218, 992 100, 173 222, 328 131, 022 Bushels. 14, 905 198, 581 399, 487 283, 797 105, 937 1, 241, 235 Bushels. 247,741 200, 728 236, 617 250, 410 195, 641 3, 094, 612 373,991 1 704,292 X. — Tabular statement showing the quantity and value of nmize exjiorted from Austriu- Hangary, and to or through which countries, during the years 1875-80. [Quantities given in bushels at the rate of 3.93 bushels per metrical ceiituer of 100 liilograms.] Year.s. i Quantity. i ' Bushels. 1875 1 5,005,849 1876 i 5,154,396 1877 i 2,381,304 1878 1 1,472,539 1879 ! 4,460,361 1880 1 2,045,024 Average -I 3,419,912 Countries to or through which exported. Value. .$3 549, 370 8 494, 430 2 110 680 1 381, 700 2 908, 130 1 760, 130 3, 252, 163 I 4, 971, 996 1, 910, 409 777, 079 2, 518, 641 1, 287, 820 4, 177 17,331 222,764 ■ 136, 540 729, 377 249, 504 3, 031 149 28, 430 .'iO, 201 62, 911 242, 733 Bushels. Bd.'^Uels. Bushels. Bushels. , Bushels. Bushels. I, 793 I 1, 608, 552 ; 134, 543 4,300 14,438 18,105 411, 970 :'4. 788 2, 534, 440 I 2, 454, 001 2Jli, 61 r, 64,686 I 10, 233' 96, 937 108,413 262,375 I 270,753 ! 92, 371 63, 682 90, 860 228, 179 837, 809 137, 802 406, nor 248, 810 XI. — Tabular ^talement showing the guanliti/ and value Iff four inqmrlcd into Austria-Hun- garu, and from or through which countries, during the i/carx IfTS-'i^O, [Quantities given in tons of 1.000 kilograms per ton.] Countries from or through which imported. Quantity. Value, fl [ - B o rH ^ 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879- 1880. Avernr Tuns. Tons. Ton.^. Tmu: 4% 809 $3, 392, 750 42, 016 41 lO.'i 4.-), 836 3, 385, 370 40, 134 108 58 4i, .584 3, 37.5, 940 41, 600 178 37 48, 493 3, 199, 640 44, 242 698 328 .58, 449 3. 335, 760 46 568. 6,291 488 80,847 4, 541, 570 36, 001 ' 16, 066 .!04 54, 130 3, 538, 505 41, 594 ■ 3. 897 274 Tons. 219 159 217 106 952 1,148 483 Tons. Tons. Tons. 23 1,135 2,110 70 1,875 3, 232 42 1,292 2, 2" 8 16 788. 2,318 61 2,527 2, 572 7,165 19, 903 33 2,463 •J, 392 262 CEREALS OF AUSTEIA-nUNGARY. XII. — Tahiilui- «l(demcnt showing the quantity and value uf flour exported from Jualria- ffuiii/arij, and to or through which countries, rhiiiiig the years 1875-'80. [Quantities given m tons of 1,000 l,il(if;i:nns per ton.] Countries to ur tlirougli whicli exported. Yr.ns, ^>ilniiUty. 1K7II 1877 1878..... 1879 1880 Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. Toos. Tons. Tons. Tons. Tons. K3, 639 $7, 629, 240 33, 875 1,470 1.52 ■1?A .'<62 83 23, 615 23, 448 112, .S02 10, l.'i6, 930 58, 257 .-.48 242 ■ •20 ],9:i8 30 24, 652 26, 595 103, 087 16,034,280 1 76, 204 , 973 ',:>!.) r..',4 1,211 i<7 60, 784 23, 715 231, 683 20, 880, 890 111, 788 1,219 771 810 3,625 215 75, 620 37, 635 245, 231 19, 582, 010 120, 736 2,612 2,112 1,102 4,334 208 45, 826 68, 301 133, 021 10,074,110 54, 099 l,44fl 2, 7,J6 1,491 21.'> 194 29, 713 43, 113 161. .-.77 14,(1.12,910 75, 826 1,377 1,099 78.' 2,081 139 43, 352 36, 968 CEREALS OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 263 O Tl — Xi CO in ■^ tq t=3 o'3 -/. o I 3? I— I ^ c X r-> c; OC 00 CO CO O) CO «5fO CO lO P goo o o g ftp- ^ a i^' ^ ra o o 264 CEREALS OF AUSTRTA-IIIINGARY. I ■^ CO •-0 CO coco " a M CEREALS OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 265 GRAIN HARVESTS AND MARKETS OF AUSTRIA-HUNaARY. IIEPORT BY aOS STTL-GENERAL WEAVEK. OF VIENNA. The tcutli session of the International Grain Exchange was opened in this city on the 6th instant with appropriate formalities. Among the reports produced on that occasion was that of Moriz -Leinkauf, sketching the grain harvests of Austria-Hungary for 1882, which I regard of sufhcient interest to justify me in forwarding you a full translation thereof, as follows: The Vienna Grain Exchange, observing the custom of former years, has based its calculations, concerning the crop, on the area given in official publications. For the estimates of this year's crop of winter grain in Hungary the official data of the fall season of 1879 were taken, and for the summer grain, those of the spring of 1880. For the estimates of the crop in Austria, the data of the fall of 1880, and, respectively, the spring of 1881 were consulted. In estimating the crops of Hungary, those areas were taken into con- sideration which, under ordinary circumstances, either on account of inundation or too great humidity, are left uncultivated. The wheat crop of Hungary, as to quantity, is excellent; as to qual- ity, for the greater part, very good, such as it has not been since 1867. The surplus in Hungary is estimated by the experts of the Vienna Grain Exchange at twelve million hectoliters in excess of a full average crop. In Austria, likewise, wheat in quantity will be above the average. Lower Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Istria, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Galicia, and Bukowina, in point of quantity, have wheat crops aibove the average, while the other provinces, for the greater part, show de- ficits. The quality of wheat in Hungary is also better than that of Austria. In Austria the farmers complain principally of sprouting, which in some parts has almost entirely destroyed the crops. This took place mostly in Upper Austria, Salzburg, Bohemia, and Moravia, where comparatively large quantities were rendered entirely unfit for human food. This was the case also in Western and Eastern Galicia, but to a less extent. Our reports of the rye crop of Hungary are less satisfactory. Hun- gary cultivates about 1,100,000 hectares of summer rye, winter rye, and maslin. Our experts estimate that the crop will yield a surplus of 1,250,000 hectoliters o\'er a full average crop. A similar proportion ex- ists in Austria, where deficits in parts of Upper Austria, Bohemia, Mo- ravia, Eastern Galicia,. and Istria, are balanced by surplus and full average, and where, after all deductions are made, there will still be a surplus of 1,000,000 hectoliters. Despite all these circumstances the total monarchy will have a surplus of 2,250,000 hectoliters above the full average. Concerning the summer grain, importance must be attached to the fact that large tracts of land, estimated at from 6 to 30 per cent.of the soil under cultivation in the single counties, could be planted during the year with barley, oats, and Indian corn, whereas this soil in other years was unproductive on account of inundation or too great humidity. In barley, the surplus in Hungary is estimated at 2,500,000 hectoliters. The districts of Hungary which produce barley for brewing report 266 CEREALS OF AUSTBIA-HUNGARY. average crops, while the districtiS cultivating' barley for fodder report more abundant crops. In Austria the barley crop is less favorable than in Hungary, and parts of Upper and Lower Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, and Istria, even show figures below an average. The surplus in other districts, however, not only outbahiuces thescJ shortcomings, but experts even estimate for Austria a surplus of nearly 1,000,000 hectoliters above the full average, giving for the whole monarchy 3,500,000 hectoliters barley above the full average. The quality, however, especially in Austria, leaves much to be desired. The oat crop in both parts of the empire in point of quantity is very good. The total for Hungary is estimated to be more than L', 000,000 hectoliters above a full average. In Austria, the following provinces have had bad crops : Uj^per and Lower Austria, Salzburg, Istria, and parts of jMoravia, and Galicia. The greater part of oat-producing lands, however, shows such a con- siderable surplus, that 1,750,000 hectoliters above the full average may be relied on, and that the entire monarchy will liave 4,000,000 hecto- liters surplus above the full average crop. Under ordinary circumstances the monarchy will, therefore, be able to export wheat (including flour) 13,000,000 to'l4,000,000 metrical cent- ners ; rye, 2,000,000 to 2,500,000 metrical centners ; barley for brewing, 3,000,000 to 3,500,000 metrical centners ; barley for fodder, 2,000,000 metrical centners, and oats, 2,000,000 to 2,300,000 metrical centners. The export will depend, of course, to some extent upon the crop of potatoes, legumes, and Indian corn. Potatoes and legumes have been injured by the heavy rains, and great fears were entertained concerning them, although, as regards the former, a fair crop may yet be realized, contingent upon better weather. Indian corn gives rise, to the best hopes, and if the fall should be favorable for ripening the corn, the crop, especially in Hungary, will be an excellent one. Taking the official statistics of crops which have been published in Hungary from ISO!) to 18S0 as a basis for calculation, the twelve years' average shows an annual i>roduct of about 21,000,000 hectoliters wheat, 15,000,000 hectoliters rye, 12,000,000 hectoliters barley, and lJ:,00i),000 hectoliters oats. In Austria the ofllcial statistics published show an average from ISTO to 3880 of 13,000,000 hectoliters wlieat, 28,000,000 hectoliters rye, 16,000,000 hectoliters barley, 31,000,000 hectoliters oats. Calling an average crop, therefore, 100, this year's crop in per cents. would be, in Hungary, wheat, 157; rye, lOSJ; barley, 120J; and oats, 110; and in Austria, wheat, 1114 ; rye, 103J; barley, 106; and oats, 105i. In connection with the International Exchange the following valu- able and interesting table was presented, showing the grnin crops of Europe in 18S2, estimating the average at 100 : C'Miiitries. WLeat. Rye. Kailey. Oiil.s. Prassia -- Ul.'> Saxony lor. Bavaria : Upper and Luwcf _ _ 1 2(i Franconia and Sna\-ia 1:^0 Palatinate and M'fttei en 110 Baden _ I loo Wiirtomberff 110 Mecklenburg - - 120 Switzerland , 105 Denmark I 105 Sweden and Norway . lor. Austria 111,1 IDS 105 120 II.-, 100 ]15 9.'. 125 125 140 1 :,u 155 95 110 115 9X 90 lOO 100 HO 115 120 100 95 75 110 100 300 110 110 105 100 100 lOJ.', lOli 105J CEREALS OF GREECE — EOUMANIA. 267 CouDtries, Wheat. ' R.\ b, I Bmley. Safy^-'"^-^' j ^^^ "*^ ^-"-^ Upper Central Southern France Holland Belginm .". Great Britain and Ireland - ... . ...... Kussia: Estland Coarland '. Other northern parts Podolia Central Southern, "winter summer Bessarabia Russian Poland !!!!."...!!.'!.!!! Houmania : lilttle Wallachia Great Wallachia Moldavia Servia '. 135 1 ^ 90 110 . 110 1 100 90 100 110 105 105 105 10 100 115 90 10 100 110 15 145 145 85 900 95 ; 95 85 180 95 100 S."i 855 115 100 80 80 90 ' eo 85 i 85 95 90 105 ; 100 90 130 100 120 115 120 130 95 . 120 130 1 100 ' 95 105 ! 120 1 95 135 90 90 , 125 160 135 [ 160 i 140 CEREALS OF GREECE. REPORT BI CONSUL SAKOOOK, OF PATRAS. I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your circular dispatch of the 31st May last requesting statistics for the past ten years respecting wheat, rye, and maize. I regret to say that I am unable to give the information required, no account being kept here of the area planted or the quantity produced. This country does not export grain of any description ; on the contrary, it imports both wheat and maize from Turkej' and Eussia, roughly speaking, half the yearly consumption. This year, however, the crops have been particularly favored, and the produce will reach fully two- thirds of the quantity required. E. HANCOCK, United States Consulate, Patras, July 6, 1880. GRAIN PRODUCTION OE ROUMANIA. KFPOUTjBV C()\fil'LGE?fERAL SOEJJ¥LER, OF BUCHAREST, OX TBE PRODUGTIOX ' AND COMMERCE OP GRAliV Ilf ROUMANIA. Owing to defects in Eoumanian statistics it is impossible for me to answer with fullness and accuracy the questions contained in the circular of the Department dated May 31, 1882, with regard to statistics of the production of grain in Rouijiania for the last ten years. Statistics can be obtained only for the years 1876, 1877, 1879, and 1880. Those for 1878 owing to the war, were never made up. 1. The areas under the various cereal crops are not accurately known, 268 CEREALS OF ROUMANIA. and no accouut is taken of changes from year toyear. It was estimated that in 1881 the cultivated land in the kingdom was divided as follows: Acres. Maize 4 , 423, 80( i Wheat 2,717,420 Barley 2,325,055 Rv<' 3fi8, 52(1 OatH 297, 630 BuckTvheat 30,230 Millet and small grains .' 278,000 ( loltza 202, 000 Hemp ■ 42,000 Flax 23,000 2. The average annual production of Roumania is estimated as fol- lows : Bushels. Jla izc 43, 000, 000 Wheat 25, 000, 000 Barley 26, 000, 000 Rye , 3,500,000 Oats 5,000,000 Millet 2,000,000 Buckwheat • 350,000 Coltza 1, 000, 000 3. The following tables will show the quantities and values of wheat, rye, and maize exported from Eoumania and the countries to which ex- ported for the years 1876, 1877, 1879, and 1880. The quantities for 187G are given only approximately, but are probably nearly exact: CEREALS OP ROUMANIA. 269 £2 'it ii "*■ ■» '■t «^ ^ t- -~ Ci CT. Tl .— < CO C — CO ffJ OJ ■-T' CO i-i t- iH OS M (D Q co'im" c COM oo&q O CO OS i. & oco « OS ^ OJ opo> 1-4 C CM O ^ * WCO (M a.S'g -* Tl ffl T-I-* o CO t- in CO w -^ eo (M !D 40 00 O OS 270 127 943 998 074 Ift GO'rH CO" a> o; t- O ■>* Tf t- CO i> iH eooo oo o t> (cTt-r-^'.H'co" cq o .H lo « o 0(N CO OS tH CO CO i-; ^ in (o to -t ^ !•: rt" oj a: ■* t- (Tl !M lo c-foo co-r»r to i-l OOtO t- 00 o ** O o o ■* C t CO lO (M Ol I— I 00 CO CO CO H o O lO "* in CO OS _t- ,3 5 d 6 2 o 9 jj.a j't- lO -^Jl CO CO 00 (A ;o oo ■■£> » OS 00 Cq CO O CO CM O ■ !OM ■ : « x H : 270 CEKEALS OF ROUMANIA. - . .-^ -t- r-T t ro o — o 1- ■ cr. -* rTi 03 o; O o c: ■-£ ro ■ O O O •* CJ CM CO (TO n X' ■ CT. ^H -* ■* 00 •J' - ■ CI c-i o ■ (TO C-l O - -+"10" ■ 1-H O «■ CO CO ' rH C^ '71 — O M —1 irr'l ' O ^. O rH -^, n: K :;::^ ;j_ 'J: '^ Iz! ;t: pi X E-j C' CEREALS OF EOUMANIA. 271 4. The followiug tables show the quantities and values of wheat, rye, aud maize imported into Eoumania, and the countries from which im- ported, daring the years 1876, 1877, 1879, aud 1880. The quantities for 187G are given only approximately, Ijut are probably nearly exact : WHEAT IMPOETED. 1870. 1877. 1879. 1880. Cuiiutry. - - r.iis ids. Dollar.?. BuHbels. Dollars, i Busbels. Dollars. Bushela. i Dollar.s. Auatria-Huugarv - 2 06;) 2, 000 72 70 20,288 j 19,720 1,070 8 1, 838 1 1, 7S.-. Belgium Bulgaria Kngland !_ I France 249 243 , 18 18 1 94 1 91 O-erraauv -. , ! Orecce _.. 11 ' 11 Holland Italy ; 1 _..-. Serbia Turkev-.. Other state ]).'■, 583 112.013 467,008 453,931 15,001 14,581 1,030 1,010 195 . 189 7 I 7 : 7,303 1,053 16, 038 182 Total 119,011: 115,361 402,492 48H, 421 : 41, .■',74 40,408 2:1,985 RYE IMPOETED. Turkey Otber 'states . 169 Total . 19,144 11,946 48,376 30,186 9,909 6,182 6,122 I 15, 588 170 Austria-HuJi;. ary . . 1, 301 937 1 10, 248 j 6,394 63 374 ; 233 Bulgaria 173 108 j France ' 1 ' ! ■ - ' Germany 19 , 12 1. 1 I. Italy - f 1 ■ - 1 .-..'.. . 1 _ . I _ - 1 Russia Serbia 17,455 10,891 1 37,987 23,704 4,437 6, 575 ! 3,479 MAIZE IMPOETED. Anstria-Huugary - . 27,083 17, 549 27, 868 18, 057 , 3 723 21, 524 13, 948 214 18 199 .L 12 1 ' Russia .-A Serbia 14, 153 j 8 14,460 , 151 !■ 9,180 5 9, 371 116 284.610 215 120 9 184 427 7 087 20, 008 12, 965 139 , 81 I s .. ; '29 8, 806 11 12 Y other 'states Total . 36,221 3)2, S 202, 710 12, 604 19, 659. i 41, 776 27, VA 272 CERiiALS OF ROUMANIA. The following table will show the values of the grain exported for the years 1871 to 1880, inclusive : Wheat. 1871 1 $13,779,44.-) 1872 1 11,433,342 1873 9,377,958 1874 ! 9, 399, 080 1875 13, 632, .369 1876 12,881,737 1877 5,151,932 1878 '..< 10, 737, 566 1879 i 16,218,215 i 1880 14,389,109 ' Exports of— Wheat other i;y.'. 1 $8, 066, 530 tlour. flour. 1, 798, 47.K • .$98, 926 $2, 663 1, 108, 195 7,859,267 2.56, 189 2, 209 339, 803 6,811,125 148, 470 .-., 622 607, 068 4,711,137 139, 667 38, 970 489, 776 4, 894, 882 \ 200, 132 3, 542 2, 879, 384 1 1, 467, 399 31.5, 919 5, 372 570, 258 7, 155, 706 388, 418 48, 862 743, 278 11,529,413 1, 140, 062 20, 402 1, 445, 453 13,579,218 647, 605 15,640 1, 526, 949 9,440,972 598, 290 28, 908 For the complete nnderstaucling of the grain trade of Koumania, I add tables showing the importation and exportation of wheat, rye, and maize flour during the years already mentioned. The quantities for 1876 are only given approximately, but are probably nearly exact. WHEAT ELOUE EXPORTED. CouDtry. Pounds. ! Dollars. Pouuds. Dollars. ! Pounds. Dollars. Pounds. DuUare. Austria-Hungary . 210, 534 Belgium Bulgaria England | 558,800 France I 24,420 Germany Greece Holland Italy ■.. Kussia Serbia Turkey other states Total 5, 186' 32, 689 16, 572 8,140 22, 212 2, 049, 649' 56, 899 54 2,416,279 65,893 225' i 6,012 ' 5, 956 263 3, 223| S8 . 8,703 1,.541' 180,6681 4,927 . 56, 532 2S2, 72!) 14, 014, 451 1 382, 512 . 10,553,157' 1,4S8 '. J4, 5.S,'* 1,421,250 38,761 3, .507. 263, 606 7, 189 573, 231 15, 568, 190' 424, 687 27,976 \ 11, 429, 6381 315, 919 14, 231, 031 1,418*23,750,003 647,60*21,937,301 598,290 KYE ELOUli EXPOKTED. Austria-Hungary Belgium Bulgaria England Prance (.iermaiiy (jreece. (*) (*) (*) . Holland Italy Russia Serbia Turkey ... other Htatch ... Total. 2, .".71,516 39,710 . * No s'i tistioi for T^IO and 1879. CEREALS OP EOUMANIA. MAIZE FLOUE EXPORTED. 273 1877. 1879, Couutry. Austria-Hungary . Belgium . Bulgaria . England . Fi-ance. Pounds. Dollars. I Pounds. Dollars. Pounds. Dollars. Pounds. Dollars. 2,948 1 {*) (*) 719, 9411 156, 123 9,817 G-ermany Greece Holland Italy Kussla Serbia Turkey Other states . 19, 289 138, 443 "90,9371 2, 139' i'soi Total. 252, 446' 490, 369, 888 4, 2861 373, 335 6 . 5, 045] . 32, 670 44-1 43, 065 587 9,889 725, 252 5,091 I I 1,696,340 "WHEAT FLOUE IMPOETED. EYE ELOTJE IMPOETED. * Ko statistics for 1376 and 1879. MAIZE ELOTJE IMPOETED. 23, 130 Atistria-HuDgary. . 1, 222, 342 36, 710 2, 148, 579 58, 597 107, 675 7, 804, 504 886, 457 41 90, 756, 970 402 346 475 620 1 2,832 354 Holland 1 Italy ' 15 11, 643 149 47, 618 123, 726 2,442 262, 378 880 73, 850 66 120, 902 3,243 1, 905, 072 1,640 1, 845 1,892 51, 956 42 50 38 Turkey Other states 2,277 1, 734, 367 87 47, 308 Total 3, 082, 720 87, 702 4, 058, 428 110, 683 '12,916,585 352. 267 9, 122, 740 249, OOO Austria-Hungary . . (*) (■) 207, 632 1,320 (*) (*) 7,454; 1,150 1 i:;::::::; 14, 363, 804 221, 986 558 8 [ 20,178 312 Total ' 1 14 .571 :{.16, '22.^ 306 95, 190 1 470 Austria-Hungary . . (*) (*) ■ 572 7 (*) (*) i 148, 28l' 2, 022 1 1 29, 990 40^i 1 i 1 ' 1... 1 j 1 1 1 ! i, •;. 258, 442 5,024 5, 607 7."^ ■■■ ■ 1 18, 002' ''45 __ 1 1 269, 014 5,031 ! 201, 8831 . « No statistics for 1876 and 1879. 274 CEREALS OF RUSSIA. It is to be remarked that tbe countries meutioned iu all the preceding tables show merely the last lolaco from which the grain was imported, or the primary destination of the exports, and proves nothing with re- mind to the origin of the grain or its ultimate destination. There are exjjort duties on grain in Eoumania ns follows : On wheat, 20 centimes per 3(10 kilograms (i cents per 220 pounds) ; on rye, maize, barley, oats, millet, and buckwheat, 10 centimes jier 100 kilograms (2 cents per 220 pounds). During the year 1880 the prodiict of these duties amounted to $503,230. By a law passed during the last year import duties have been placed on flour as follows : AYheat floirr of every quality, 3.50 francs per 100 kilograms {67^ cents per 220 pounds); rye flour, 3 francs per 100 kilo- grams (58 cents per 220 pounds); maize, barley, millet, and buckwheat flour, 2 francs i)er 100 kilograms (38J cents per 220 pounds) ; and on bran of e\-eiv kind, 1 franc per 100 kilograms (19J cents per 220 pounds). EUGENE SCHUYLEK, Conavl-fltHfral. ITxrTED States Consulate-General, Bucharest^ September !.">, 1SS3. RUSSIAN CEREALS. REPORT BT CONSUL-GENHRAL STAA'TOX, OF .ST. PETERSBURG. In reply to Department circular of May 31, 1882, 1 find myself nearly unable to give the information in the form desired. In this instance, also, application to the government was of little practical value. The acreage under cultivation is not known, and is given in inclosure note as near as the authorities can guess at it in the absence of reliable statistical data. The yield of maize cannot be ascertained from 1873, that grain hav- ing been incorporated with other cereals. In reducing the rouble value to dollars, 1 have taken the average value of the rouble for the last two years, it being nearly impossible to ascertain the correct value, so great has been the fluctuation during the last ten vears. EDGAR STANTON, United States Consulate-General, St. Petersburg, September 2, 1882. Oonsiil- General. I.— Area of land under cereals in Russia. The area of land cultivated with cereals can only be approximately ascertained, no definite statistics existing on the subject. According to the estimates of a government commission appointed to investigate the condition of agriculture in Eussia, which estimates are based upon the accounts of seed sown (87 bushels to 2.7 acres), there are annually under cultivation in p]uropean Eussia (Poland excepted) the following- areas, viz : CEREALS OF RUSSIA. 275 Area in acres avcoidiny to the estimates of government eomfmssioii and Mr. if. S. Yermoloff. Estimates by Mr. Termo- Wlieat: commission. loff's estimates. Winter 6, 126, 300 7, 749, 000 Summer 20, 764, 890 20, 871, 000 26,891,190 28,620,000 Kye 64,963,080 69,606,000 Oats S2, 382, 450 34, 360, 000 Barley 12, 201, 300 15, 325, 000 Buckwheat 11, 318, 400 11, 367, 000 Other cereals 10, 530, 000 Cultivated laud 158,286,420 Uncultivated 80,214,300 Total acres 238, 500, 720 II. — Yield of carious cereals, reduced to l>nalieU. Knssiii and Poland, exc Cossack distri( usive of Don ts. 1870. 1871. 1872. 1873. "Wlieat . 214, 141, 800 609, 7S3, 000 586, 235, 000 127, 308, 000 10?, 267, 000 96, 396, 000 178, 785, 000 579, 588, 200 396, 847, 600 108, 999, 400 62, 286, 200 1, 894, 556, 400 153, 340, 400 549, 248, 400 545, 356, 600 123, 679, 200 86, 541, 600 76, 386, 000 157 562 80O Rye 614, 231, 600 Oats 464,626,400 Barley 281, 581, 200 Total 1, 737, 192, 800 1, 394, 657, 800 1, 534, 552, 400 1, 618, 005, 000 ■ ' 1874. 1875. 1876. 164, 268, 400 528, 078, 600 513, 256, 000 30.5, 735, 400 1877. 246, 285, 400 626, 243, 400 492, 437, 400 312, 202, 400 1878. 249,197,000 700, 100, 600 467, 603, 200 270, 918, 000 145, 875, 800 544,115,400 397, 636, 400 234, 412, 800 293, 702, 600 709, 583, 600 Oats 537, 625, 200 Other cereals 301, 118, 600 1,687,718,800 1, 322, 040, 400 1, 500, 332, 400 1, 677, 168, 600 1, 742, 030, 000 III, — Quantities and valves of exports across the frontier. Date. 1871: Bushels 1872: Bushels 1873: Bushels Eoubles Dollars 1874: Bushels Eoubles Dollars ■ 1875; • Bushels Eonhles Dollars 1876: Bushels Eoubles Dollars Bushels 5». Eoubles I IM. Dollars ' °^t 70a 5 "Wheat. 66, 816, 000 57, 101, 000 40, 80, 40, 57, 85, 42, 55, 99, 119, 53, 101, 60, 368, 000 407, 968 203, 979 096, 000 854, 588 927, 294 274, 000 267, 013 633, 507 .571,798 789, 818 897, 909 217, 913 431, 862 216, 931 Eye. 13, 834, 000 42, 862, 000 49, 348, 467 24, 674, 234 56, 318, 000 74, 677, 8.56 37, 288, 928 33, 118, 000 40, 141, 535 20, 070, 768 46, 814, 309 67, 208, 160 28, 604, 075 57, 084, 897 84, 029, 697 42, 014, 849 Maize. 3, 828, 000 4, 179, 414 2, 089, 707 754, 000 961, 770 480, 885 684, 000 810, 433 405, 217 2, 185, 440 1, 766, 108 883, 064 2, 911, 948 2, 747, 682 1, 373, 791 276 CEREALS OF RUSSIA. III. — Quantities and rvalues of exports acrost fte/ronHec— Contiuued. Date. 1878: Bushels Koubles Dollars. 3879; Bushels Eoubles Dollars . 1880: Bushels Koubles Dollars. "Wheat. 100, 142, 472 204, 48.'?, 165 102, 241, 583 80, 736, 000 185, 760, 000 92, 880, 000 36, 607, 917 89, 059, 059 44, 529, 530 Eye. 063, 772 228, Oil 114, 005 716, 000 250, 000 125, 000 611, 172 192, 406 596, 203 Maize. 5, 790, 213 4, 215, 508 2, 107, 754 8, 990, 000 7, 800, 000 3, 900, 000 8, 218, 935 10, 304, 327 5, 152, 164 IV. — Exports across the European frontier. "Whither. 1877. Great Britain : "Wheat Eye Maize Grermanv : ' "Wheat Eye Maize France ; "Wheat Eye Maize Austria : "Wheat Eye Maize Holland : Wheat Eye Norway and Sweden : Wheat Eye Maize Denmark ; Wheat Eye Belgium : Wheat Eye Miaize Portugal : Wheat Italv : 'Wheat , Eye Maize Spaiu : Wheat Turkev : wteat Eye Maize Eoumania : A^^heat Kye Maize G-reece : Wheat Eye Maize Other lands : Wheat Eye Bushels. •Jl, 869, 528 6, 2rO, 535 ],458, :;97 5, 711, 305 25, 232, 650 847 10, 517, 642 199, 8i<8 251, 276 4, 928, 585 3, 366, 214 145, 963 2, 420, 643 4, 646, 859 261, 411 3, 3i;(l, 167 Jiusheh. 10,850,114 3,45.5,579 478,283 l:;, 817, 960 33,435,473 1,011 2, 505, 385 192,885 110. 245 8, 358, 130 3, 544, 5:ili 1, 673, 488 2, 141, 637 7, 869, 470 297, 411 2,008,459 2,1143,643 1, 241), 983 3, 080, 392 103, -im 9, 544 1,230,469 9, !i.-i:i 43, 497 254, 277 10,556 275, 916 625, 333 Total: f Wh( ] R.ye ( Mail 315,439 1, 165, 785 Wheat I 53, 571, 798 i 46,814,309 aizo 2, 185, 440 17: 7, 12" , 033 ,055 635, 027 1, 703, 750 876, 496 1, 655, 575 7,545 8r.3, 538 701 368, 880 20, 000 90, 954 340, 374 59, 959 530, 801 239, 439 11,615 50,217,913 57, 9K4, 897 2, ail, 848 Bushels. 33, 810, 381 8,773,163 3, 056, 7S9 14, 902, 088 25, 176, 344 22, 751 Bushels. 11,767,819 3, 846, 078 2, 703, 430 3, 915, our. 15, 808, 994 1,745 20, 405, 465 1 8, 949, 827 1^7,751 i 243,494 874, 988 I 606, 533 7, 260, 876 1 3, 929, 762 7,845,304 1 1,070,355 857,866 I 1,622,749 3, 356, 248 6, 651, 931 596, 50.-. i, 991, 515 111,557 6, 832, 284 3, 988, 748 11,204 549, 502 I 36, 42!l 1, 183, 356 1, 358, 776 1,523,148' 1,150,798 2, 1148, 517 i 1, 062, 565 Iti:!. 618 I 59,170 12,331 :..-. 1, X4G, 219 . 2(10, 959 ' 1. 137,354 407,21 2, 872 20, 221 232 131, 236 , 5511, 800 8U, 723 ': 1, 224, 380 114,334 1,159,256 1,112,122 46, 927 521,309 1 1,182,297 30, 513 100, 142,472 58, 063, 772 5, 790, 213 1,216,5.55 1, 375, 997 78, 287 1, 942, 465 741,134 36, 607, 917 33, 611, 172 8, 218, 935 CEREALS OF TURKEY. ICxports across the Aniatic fronlier. 277 Whither. ( Wheat Total : i Rye . . . ( Maize. 1878. 51, 592, 045 46, 814, 599 2, 792, 908 50, 218, 899 57, B84, 897 2, 983, 050 100, 153, 602 58, 072, 002 6, 535, .594 36, 622, 927 35, 611, 172 8, 218, 935 V. — drain imports avronH European frontiir, in pounds. From — Sweden and Norway : Wheat, pease, and beans. . Kye, barley, and maize . . . Germany: Wheat, pease, and beans. . Kye, barley, and mai/e . . . Denmark : Wheat, pease, and beans . Hye, baiiey, and maize . . . Holland: Wheat, pease, and beans . Austria : Wheat, pease, and beans , Rye, barley, and maize . . . Turkey : Wheat, pease, and beans . Rye, barley, and maize . . . Roumania : Wheat, pease, and beans . Rye, barley, and maize . . . France: ■ Wheat, pease, and beans . Kye, barley, and maize . . . Great Britain : Wheat, pease, and beans . Kye, barley, and maize . . . Belffiura : Wheat, pease, and beans . United States : Wheat, &c Other lauds ; Wheat, pease, and beans . Rye, barley, and maize . . . Pounds. 1,296 395, 424 6, 260, 436 6, 690, 420 Pounds. 536, 356 1, 869, 012 1878. Pounds. 3, 335, 148 3, 684, .528 717, 084 512,352 23, 724 14, 760 2, 132. 964 1, 948, 572 : 114,732 75, 924 215, 856 260, 352 1880. Pounds. '"i76,'ii2 991, 836 11, 663, 056 945, 900 178, 884 048, 000 972 1, 945, 188 22, 608 I 5, 959, 908 :, 921, 112 I 2, 661, 768 l 113, 400 3, 625, 956 20, 185, 020 180 ■ 144 17, 264 2, 714, 832 664, 200 1, 025, 640 ~ 1 , C Wheat, pease, and beans i 9, 137, 844 xotai: ^ Bye, barley, and maize 9,575,172 673, 088 4, 866, 048 9, 511, 092 6, 606, 792 7, 991, 676 36, 876, 492 Grain intportu across Asiatic frontier. 1 Turkey : All ceioalH except rice ,20, 757, 348 Persia : , All cereals except rice i 9,303,732 France : All cereals except rice 110, 628 141, 156 i 676, 980 i i, 791, 040 2, 368, 980 ; 12, 180, 060 I ' 198,252 Total- I 30,061,080 1 6,901,668 , 2,510,136 j 13,055,292 CEREAL PRODUCTION OF TURKEY. T\\' Fiance and England. 000 > France, Austria, andEngland. 000 ) S Frane 000 > France, Egypt, and England. 000 000 'J 000 I > England and France. 000 S »0g [^France. i, 000 : ; 000 000 France, France and England. 22,500 ) 200, 000 I > France, England, and Egypt. 245, 000 S Imports of cereals at Jaffa No imports from 1873 to 1878, both inclusive. Quantities. 1879: Barley . Wheat . 1880; Barley . Maize - . Wheat , Aiticles. Bushels. 30, 000 70, 000 20, 000 125, 000 250, 000 Value. 20, 000 90, 000 14, 000 150, 000 377, 000 Whence imported. > P'rom France and Egypt. From Egypt. United Slates Coxsulae Agency, Jaffa, Augusts, 1882. E. HARDEGG. Consular Agent. 282 CEREALS OF INDIA. CEREALS OF INDIA. REPORT BT OONSVL-QENEEAL MATTSON, OF OALCVTTA. In reply to the circular of the State Department dated Maj' 31, 1882, asking for certain agricultural statistics, I have the honor to report that after collecting all the available information on the subject I iind it quite impossible to furnish any reliable statistics in regard to the area, quan- tity, or yield of cereals in India for the last ten years, or for any single year thereof. In a dispatch to this consulate under date the 9th September, the hon- orable the under secretary to the government of India, department of revenue and agriculture, says : Hitherto no systematic arrangements have existed for recording such statistics, and it is not expected tliat tliey will, for some provinces, be obtainable in anything like complete form for some years. Through the kind assistance of the honorable the assistant secretary to the government of India, department of finance and commerce, I am enabled to present the following complete tables, which are inclosed here- with : A. — Statement showing the quantities and value of wheat imported into and exported from British India during the last ten years, whence imported and whither exported. B. — Statement showing the quantities and value of wheat imported to and exported from British India by land in each year from 1877-'78 to 1881-'82, and the countries from which imported and to which ex- ported. Eye and maize are not exported from or imi)orted to India, except that very small quantities may pass among the cereals denominated grain and pulse ; hence no statistics are available. Imports and exports of wheat by land can only be given for five years, as the trade was not registered before the year 1877-78. H. MATTSO]^, Oonsul-Oeneral. United States Consulate-General, Calcutta, October 3, 1882. CEREALS OF INDIA. 283 i-l t- to CO OOi(N t- O CO OS OS CO tD-^T)HeDa»os»rt oinTJOCiMocoiMmooico (•-" o^r o"oo oT o <-H ifT N (d' uf iH oT OiOOOiMt-OrHL-^t-IWOOO la OiOlCOOC^lt- r-( r-*i-l t- TJH CJ" r-T i-T rH ^ O) t- in OS .2^ ■IS 1- "^1 S ! "!?.= O" H O tH a) a ia 00 CO U^ 00 OS ti in ec OS ■* CO : rH OS OS 00 in ? (M m -H ■* If M iH X in 1- Tf in to M r OS OS o; CO in Tji coco-^Min-^cot-o oot-'— i;o«^iH(oos^ ooocotO'Hinint- 00 CO o M i-« CD CO OS ur; X r- TO CD CI (N I-- S-, 7 I ^or-.-!< eo^i-H ^' in" CO CO ■* CO Cl 00 -4' CO CO in o CM c~ (N CJ Ci 71 CD OS CI --0 CI X O Ci m m ir; cd to ■w to O C^ Cl 77 4^ m ra d Sja rt ® s- £.=5 ifajaS mMMMHO 286 CEEEALS OF ALGEEIA. (A o to g o O C f2 cT !o" yf i-Tt-'or-iT .— i o r- Cj c o ^ } a a pq &:. fi^ [£h !^ 9 5^ s iT ^' ;_' a a 3 a fl .— "^"cfr--' .-i'x'o'"': 1, 1' c oT ^ ^ ■;^ O = a a a I- I- r- =, Tl -* -f- X ?-. l- :^ Tl -X Tl I--: = X f-i -t CO ■;-: >-' O = a a ii 372 0(14 483 868 i§5 ■ :c r he* . CO t- t - ■ OOCC X 00 CO -^ i~ m i-o . ; ^ Ic 3 ii : :'iil ; s ?1 J^ Pt,p4& - X -f I-' ■ 1Z> X 'X. CD > o o o c c - c ; o c D o o c ?;3£ -rf o — X ir lO iij r» •*.—'-* Ti 71 'O X Ci i~ o c-1 p c r- ^ -^ Cl -1 iQ — ■x -5" ~. t~ I- " — I ^ t— i-^ — r~ X c: -' - — ; X X rH Cl r - 'T -* i> o 3 r- cj c X -J X TJ --D -c: I It" ci" ■* r> w" rT c-f o' ,-^' rj -:f' zC r^ -jj — " lo ^2'" 7 1" :i O Tf C-J -*> rH Cl rO 5 O ^ -rf O I- O CO H c:' o' CO t-" -t i-" x' ■: i D O O I- -f ij2 'i IZ "' Zf '- ^ -1 TO t~ -r -? o ro i~ i; ^ r-; = X T- o J -"01 x"^~o"'irr-'7i'rf -^"cr-T^'c-]"— 'co't ■ ra i—i ^ ro iJ i~ n r^ " X i."^ c: (M ' I - m" ti-'' I - rT co" <]^ ■1 Xr -T X I - . O Ci Ol O iC I- I ' t~ t- - Ci 10 (•- lO CO (D L- O -^ 10 — ' C ■ -' - -' 7-' TI tr- l~ ^ COT. r - 01 71 c; ^1 Lt 01 I- :3 r- vf. i~ t~ ^z> r— u J O 01 o 3: ^ X' [~ r-i O) CO — Cl o CO - ; ^. X X -j: tr- ^^ CO c; o 10 I - o C-. t- i: I I" CO C^ CO '-0 CEREALS OF ALGERIA. j-i t^i irq o m -^ - 2 h 9 o-s . .to o u^ U.3 ^-r d a n-w a ■ ^ ■ ^ £232 M O O £ o s o T3 O « O ut3 ' cd sj ^ nj QO T-l urs O O (D 00 to OOOCOTtH» ■^ O -H N C-Tcr^ CO'i-Ted'r-r 2^0003 0)t-000 CO(M(M ■* CO CO CO t- CO TP O CO CO t- in oo t> «o i-i O) Oi (M ■^ m (D (D "* O to -M 0> W O -TP MMOOODMt-t-OOOCOi-l— lOCO in co" 00 o o" oT od" to TjT c^ t> o" t-" t-^ i-T «0 t> M W I— I O M (O O !-• W O OtDCONt-CDCOCOOOOCOiHIOMCO (M-^too>>~ioeoi-(ir-ococoffocoi?j oin "S b® • ■ rf &s ■ • S ® S ■ H "* -< i>» rn ^ 55 O ff ^ -S" ■^ o Photomount Pamphlet Binder Gaylord Bros .Inc. Makers Syracuse, W. Y. PAT. m 2t, ism