.'^i':^;.,. 1 I ^^ ;!r,^^ '"/'V' ; 1 r^'.^^Ai/,'U- ? ALBERT R. MANN LIBRARY AT CORNELL UNIVERSITY THE GIFT OF Elsa B. Allen LABORATORY GF ORNITHOLOGY CORNELL UNIVERSITY ITHACA, NEW YORK - , ,1 \; Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022533289 Ha on FORTY YEARS NOTES OF A FIELD ORNITHOLOGIST, BY JOHN KRIDER, Mkmbkr ok the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, AND Author of Krider's Sporting Anecdotes, Philadelphia. GJVJNG A DESCRWriON OF ALL BIRDS KILLED AND PREPARED BY HIM. PHILADELPHIA: Press of Joseph H. -Weston, 438 Walnut Street. 1879. it I a- 392187 PREFACE. In offering this little volume to the public, I have endeavored to describe and give the history of only those species of birds of the United States that I have myself collected and mounted, and whose nests and eggs I have located and gathered. In the forty years that I have been occupied in making my several collections, the habits of the birds I include in my notes have become very familiar to me, and having been among them at all seasons of the year, the brief accounts I present for the benefit of the ornithologist and collector can be relied upon as accurate. I have endeavored to give, in as plain a manner as possible, such information as will be of value to the collector, setting; forth localities where I have usually found the different species and dis- covered their eggs. All the varieties described in my notes, have "come directly under my ob- servation, and of these only do I treat. John Krider. Entered, according to Act of Congress, October nth, 1878, by JOHN Krider, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. CONTENTS. PAGE Catliartes Aura. Illig. Turkey Buzzard i Cathartes Atratus . Lesson. Black Vulture 2 Falco Anal urn. Bonap. Duck Hawk 2 Hypotriorcliis Coliimbarius. Gr. Pigeon Hawk... 4 Tinnunculus Sparveritis . Vieill. Sparrow Hawk.... 4 Astiir Atricapilliis. Bonap. Goshawk 4 Accipiier Cooperii. Bonap. Cooper's Hawk 5 Accipiter Fuscus. Bonap. Sharp-shinned Hawk. .. . 5 Buteo Borealis. I'ieUl. Red-tailed Hawk 6 Bitteo Montaniis. Xiiltall. Western Red-tail 7 Buteo Kriderii. Hoopes . Krider's Hawk 7 Buteo Lineatus. Jardine. Red-shouldered Hawk. . . 8 Buteo Pennsylvanicus. Bonap. Eroad-winfred Hawk. 8 Buteo Oxypterus . Cassin. Sharp-winged Hawk. .. . 9 Archibuteo Lagopus. Gray. Rough-legged Hawk. . . 9 Archibuteo Sancti-Johannis. Gray. Black Hawk.. . . 9 Nauclerus Furcatus. Vigors. Swallow-tailed Hawk. 10 Rosthramus Sociabilis. D' Orb. Black Kite 10 Circus Hudsonicus. Vieillot. Marsh Hawk 11 Aquita Canadensis. Cassin. G. Eagle; Ring-tail Eagle. 11 Haliaetus Leucocephalus . Savigny. Bald Eagle 11 PAGE Pandion Carolinensis . Bon. Fish Hawk 12 Strix Pratincola. Bonap. Barn Owl 13 Bubo Virginianus. Bonap. Great Horned Owl 13 Scops As io. Bonap. Mottled Owl 13 Otus Wilsonianus. Lesson. Long-eared Owl 14 Brachyotiis Cassinii. Brewer. Sliort-eared Owl.... 15 Syrniuni Nebulosum. Gray. Barred Owl 15 Nyctale Arcadia. Bon. Saw-whet Owl 15 Nyctea Nivea. Gray. Snowy Owl 16 Surnia Ulula. Bonap. Hawk Owl 16 Crotophaga Ani. Linn. Ani 16 Coccygus Americani/s. Bonap. Yellow-billed Cuckoo. 17 Coccygiis Erythrophihalmits. Bp. Black-billed Cuckoo. 17 Campephilus Principalis. Gray. Ivory-billed Wood- pecker 17 Piciis Villosiis. Linn. Hairy Woodpecker 18 Picus Pubescens. Linn. Dovvny Woodpecker 18 Piciis Borealis. Vieill. Red-Cockaded AVoodpecker. 18 Centurus Flaviventris . Stv. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker 18 LLylotomus Pileatus . Baird. Black Woodpecker 18 Centurus CaroUnus. Bonap. Red-bellied Woodpecker. 19 Melanerpes Erythrocephalus . Sw. Red-headed Wood- pecker 19 Colaptus Auratus. Swainson. Yellow-shafted Flicker. 19 Trochilus Colubris. Linn. Humming Bird 20 Chcetura Pelasgia. Steph. Chimney Swallow 20 Antrostomus Vociferiis. Bonap. Whip-poor-will.... 20 Chordeiles Popetue. Baird. Night Hawk 20 Chordeiles LLenryi. Cassin. Western Night Hawk. . 21 Ceryle Alcyon. Boie. Belted King-fisher 21 Milvulus Forficatus. Sw. Scissor-tail 21 Tyr annus Carolinensis . Baird. King Bird; Bee Bird. 22 Ty r annus Do tninicensis. Rich. Gray King Bird. .. . 22 Myiarchus Crinitus. Cab. Great-crested Flycatcher . 22 Sayornis Fuscus. Baird. Pewee 22 Contopus Virens. Cab. Wood Pewee 23 PAGE E7npidonax TrailUi. Baird. Traill's Fliratrler. .. . 23 Einpidonax Mini)niis. Baird. Least Fl) catcher 23 Empidonax Acadiciis . Baird. Green-crested Fly- catcher 23 Empidonax Flaviventris. Baird. Vellow -bellied Fly- catcher 24 Contopus Borealis. Baird. Olive-sided Flycatcher. . 24 Tiirdiis A/iistelinus. Gin. Wood Thrush 24 Turdiis Pallasi. Cab. Hermit Thrush 24 Titdiis Fuscescens. Stepliens. Wilson's Thrush 24 Turdiis Swainsonii. Cab. Olive-backed Thrush.... 25 Turdiis Alicia. Baird. Gray-cheeked Thiush 25 Turdiis Migratoriii.<: . Linn. Robin 25 Si alia Sialis. Baird. Blue Bird 25 Regulus Calendula. Licht. Ruby-crou'ned Wren... 26 Regulus Satrapa. Licht. Golden-crested Wren 26 Antlms Liidovicianiis. Licht. Tit-lark 26 Mniofilta I 'aria. Vieill. Black and White Creeper. . 26 Panda Americana. Bonap. Blue Yellow-back 27 Geothlypis Trichas. Cab. Maryland Yellow-throat.. 27 Geothlypis Philadelphia. Baird. Mourning ^^'arbler. 27 Geothlypis Afacgillivravi. Baird Macgilli\Tay's Warbler 27 Oporornis Agilis. Baird. Connecticut U'arbler 28 Oporornis Formosiis . Baird. Kentucky Warbler. . . 28 Icteria Viridis . Bonap. Yellow-breasted Chat 28 Llelmitherus J^ermivorus. Bonap. Worm-eating Warbler 28 Helminthophaga I'iiu/s. Baird. Blue- winged Yellow Warbler 29 Helminthophaga Chrysoptcra. B. Golden-winged Warbler 29 Helminthophaga Ruficapilla. Bd. Nashville Warbler. 29 Helminthophaga Celata. Baird. Orange-crowned Warbler 29 Helminthophaga Peregrina. Cab. Tennessee Warbler. 30 Seiiirus Aurocapillus . Sw. Golden-crowned Thrush. 30 Seiurus Noveboracensis . Nutt. Water Thrush-. ... 30 PAGE Seiiin/s Ludovicianus. Bonap. Large-billed Water Thrush 30 Dendroica Virens. Baird. Black-throated Green Warbler 30 Dendroica Canadensis. Baird. Black-throated Blue Warbler 31 Dendroica Coronata. Gray. Yellow-rump ^Varbler. 31 Dendroica Blackhitrni.(B. Baird. Blackburnian Warbler. 31 Dendroica Castanea. Baird. Bay-breasted ^\'arbler. 31 Dendroica Finns. Baird. Pine-creeping Warbler. . . 31 Dendroica Pefinsylvanica. Baird. Chestnut-sided Warbler 32 Dendroica CcBrulea. Baird. Blue Warbler 32 Dendroica Striata. Baird. Black-poll Warbler 32 Dendroica Aesiiva. Baird. Yellow Warbler 32 Dendroica lUaciilosa. Baird. Black and Yellow \Varbler t,:^ Dendroica Tigrina. Baird. Cape May Warbler 33 Dendroica Palmariim. Baird. Yellow Red Poll.... 33 DendroicaSiiperciUosa. Baird. Yellow-throated VVarb'r 33 Dendroica Discolor. Baird. Prairie Warbler 33 .Uyiodioctes A/ifratiis. And. Hooded Warbler. .. . 34 Myiodioctcs Pusillus. Bonap. Green Black-cap Fly- catcher -JA Myiodioctes Canadensis. And. Canada Flycatcher. . . 34 Seiophaga Ruticilla. Sw. Redstart 34 Pyranga Rubra. Vieill. Scarlet Tanager 34 Pyranga Aesiiva. Vieill. Summer Red Bird 35 dlinindo Plorreorum. Barton. Barn Swallow 35 Ilirundo Lunifrons. Say. Cliff Swallow ■yc Ilirundo Bibolor. Vieill. White-bellied Swallow. .. . 35 Cotyle Riparia. Boie. Bank Swallow -^g Cotyle Serripennis. Bonap. Rough-winged Swallow.. 36 Progne Purpurea. Boie. Purple Martin 36 Ampelis Garrulus. Linn. Wax Wing ,6 Ampelis Cedrorum. Baird. Cedar Bird ,6 Collyrio Bbrealis. Baird. Great Northern Shrike. . . 37 PAGE Collyrio Ludoviciamis . Baird. Loggerhead Shrike.. . 37 Colly rio Excuhitoroldes . Baird. White-rumped Shrike 37 Vireo OUvaceus . Vieill. Red-eyed Flycatcher 37 Vireo Altiloquus . Gray. Whip Tom Kelly 38 Vireo Philadelphictis. Cassin. Philadelphia Vireo... 38 I'ij-eo Gilvus. Bonap. Warbling Flycatcher 38 Vireo Novehoracensis. Bonap. White-eyed Vireo. . . 38 Vireo Solitariiis. Vieill. Blue-headed Fh/catcher. .. . 38 Vireo Flavifrons. Vieill. Yellow-throated Flycatcher 39 Miinus Polyglottus . Boie. Mocking Bird 39 Afimiis Carolinensns . Gray. Cat Bird 39 Harporahynchiis Riifiis. Cab. Brown Thrush 39 Thryoihorus Liidovicianus. Bonap. Great Carolina Wren 39 Thryoihorus Bewickii. Bonap. Bewick's Wren 40 Cistothoriis Palustris. Cab. Long-billed Marsh Wren 40 Cistothoriis Slellaris. Cab. Short-billed Marsh Wren. 40 Troglodytes Aedon. Vieill. House Wren 40 Troglodytes Farkmanm. Aiii. Parkman's Wren. . . . 40 Troglodytes Hyemalis. Vieill. Winter Wren 41 Certhia Americana. Bonap. American Creeper.... 41 Sitta Carolinensis. Ginelin. White-bellied Nuthatch. 41 Sitta Canadensis. Linn. Red-bellied Nuthatch 41 Sitta Pusilla. Latham. Brown-headed Nuthatch ... . 42 Poliopiihi Ccerulea. Sclat. Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. . . 42 Lephophanes Bicolor. Bonap. Tufted Titmouse .... 42 Parus Atricapillus . Linn. Black-cap Titmouse 42 Pants Carolinensis. And. Carolina Titmouse 43 Eremophila. Cdrnuta. Boie. Sky Lark 43 Pinicola Canadensis. Cab. Pine Grosbeak 43 Carpodacus Piirpiireiis. Gray. Purple Finch 43 Chrysomitris Tristis. Bonap. Yellow Bird 44 Chrysomitris Pinus. Bonap. Pine Finch 44 Curvirostra Americana. Wils. Red Crossbill 44 Ciirvirosira Leiicoptera. IVils. White-winged Cross- bill 44 Afgiothus Linaria. Cab. Lesser Red Poll 45 Plectrophanes Nivalis. Meyer. Snow Bunting 45 Plectrophanes Lapponiciis. Selby. Lapland Longspiir. 45 Passerciilus Savanna. Bonap. Savannah Sparrow. . , 45 Pooecetes Gramineus. Baird. Grass Finch 46 Cotiirniciilus Passerimis. Bonap. Yellow-winged Sparrow 4^ Ammodromus Caiidaciitiis. Sw. Sharp-tailed Finch . 46 Aininodromiis hfaritimvs. Sw. Sea-side Finch 46 Zonotrichia Lencophrys. Sw. White-crowned Spar- 46 row 47 Zonotrichia Ganibelli. Garnhel. Gambel's Finch. .. . 47 Zonotrichia Coronata. Bd. Golden-crowned Sparrow. 47 Zonotrichia Qiieriila. Gamb. Harris' Finch 47 Zonotrichia Albicollis. Bonap. White-throated Spar- row 47 Jimco IPyemalis. Sclat. Black Snow Bird 48 Spizflla Monticola. Baird. Tree Sparrow 48 Spizella Pusilla. Bonap. Field Sparrow 48 Spizella Socialis. Bonap. Chipping Sparrow 48 Spizella Pallida. Bonap. Clay-colored Bunting 48 Melospiza Afclodia. Baird. Song Sparrow 49 Melospiza Lincolnii. Baird. Lincoln's Finch 49 Melospiza Pains tris. Baird. Swamp Sparrow 49 Passerella Iliaca. Sw. Fox-colored Sparrow. . ■ • 49 Calamospiza Bicolor. Bonap. Lark Bunting 49 Euspiza Americana. Bonap. Black-throated Bunting. 49 Giiiraca Liidoviciana. Sw. Rose-breasted Grosbeak . 56 Guiraca Ccerulea. Sw. Blue Grosbeak 50 Cyanospiza Ciris. Baird. Painted Bunting 50 Cyanospiza Cyctnea. Baird. Indigo Bird 50 Cardinalis J^irginiamis. Bonap. Red Bird 50 Pipilo Erythropthalmus . Vieill. Ground Robin ; Towhee 51 Dolichonyx 07yzk'ori/s. Sw. Boblink ; Reed Bird. 51 Molothrus Pecoris. Sw. Cow Bird 51 Agelaiiis Plhvniceus. Vieill. Red-winged Black Bird . 51 Xaiithocephaliis Icteroceplial' s . Vellow-lieaded Black- bird 52 Stiiniella Matrna. Sw, Meadow Lark 52 Stiirnella jYci^/ccta. An J. Western Lark 52 Icterus Spur ins. Bo nap. Orchard Oriole 52 Icterus Ballhnore. Dandin. Baltimore Oriole 52 Scolecophagns Ferrugineus . Siu. Rusty Blackbird . 53 Qniscaliis Major. VieiU. Boat-tailed Grakle 53 Qniscalns J'ersicolor. Vieill. Crow Blackbird 53 Corvns Carnivorns. Bartrani. American Raven .. . 54 Corviis Americanns. Aud. Common Crow 54 Corvns Ossifragus. Wilson. Fish Crow 54 Pica Hndsonica. Bona p. Magpie i;4 Cyanara Cristata. Sw. Blue Jay 55 Eciopistes A/igraforia. Sw. Wild Pigeon 55 Zenaidnra Carolinensis. Bonap. Common Dove . . 55 Chamcepelia Passerina. Sw. Ground Dove 55 Meleagris Gallopavo. linn. Wild Turkey 56 Tetrao Canadensis. Linn. Spruce Partridge 56 Pedioecetes Phasianelltis. Baird. Sharp-tailed Grouse. 56 Cnpidonia Cupido. Baird. Piairie Hen 56 Bonasa Umhellus. Steph. Ruffed Grouse 56 ]'ar. Bonasa Umbelloides . Baird. Gray Mountain Grouse S 7 Orty.x Virginianins. Bonap. Partridge; Quail 57 Grus America/ins. Ord. Whooping Crane 57 Gnis Canadensis . Teinni. Sand-hill Crane 57 Dcniicgretta Lndoviciana. Baird. Louisiania Heron. 58 Garzetta Candidissinia. Bonap. Snowy Heron.... 58 Herodias Egretta. Gray. White Heron 58 Ardea Herodias. Linn. Great Blue Heron 58 Florida Cccrnlea. Baird. Blue Heron 59 Ardetta E.xilis. Gray. Least Bittern 59 Botaiirus Lenfiginosus . Steph. Bittern; Stake Driver. 59 Butorides Vires cms. Baiiap. Green Heron 59 Nyctiardea Gardeiii. Baird. Night Heron 59 Ibis Alba. Vieillot. White Ibis 60 Ibis Ordii. Bonap. Glossy Ibis 60 Pluvnicoptcnis Ruber. Linn. Flamingo 60 Charadriiis Virginicus . Borck. Golden Plover 60 Aegialitis Vociferus. Cass in. Killdeer 60 Aegialitis Wilsoniis Cassin. Wilson's Plover 61 Aegialitis Sonipalinatiis. Cab. Semipalmated Plover. 61 Aegialitis Melodiis. Cab. Piping Plover 61 Squatarola Helvetica. Ciiv. Black-bellied Plover. . . 61 Haeinatopus Palliatus. Temm. Oyster Catcher 61 Streps Has Interpres . Illig. Turnstone 62 Reciirvirostra Americana. Gm. American Avoset. . 62 Hiniantopirs Nigricollis. Vieillot. Black-necked Stilt. 62* Phalaropus Wilscmii. Sab. Wilson's Phalarope 62 Phalaropus FiiHcariiis. Bonap. Red Phalarope .... 63 Philohela Minor. Grav. American ^Voodco(.k 63 Gallinagp Wilsonii. Bonap. English Snipe 63 .Macrorhaiiiphits Griseiis. Leach. Red-breasted Snipe 63 Macrorhanipliiis, Scolopaceus. La. Greater Longbeak 64 Tringa Canntus. Linn. Knot 64 Tringa Mariiiina. Bninnich. Purple Sand-piper... 64 Tringa Alpina, I'ar. Americana. Cas . Red-backed Sand-piper 64 Tringa Maciilata. Vieill. Jack Snipe 64 Tringa Jl'ilsonii. Nuttall. Least Sand-piper 65 Tringa Bonapartii. Schlegel. Bonaparte's Sand-piper. 65 Calidris Arenaria. Illiger. Sanderling 65 Rreunetes, Petrificattis. III. Semipalmated Sand- piper 65 Gambetta Melanoleuca. Bonap. Tell-tale ; Stone Snipe 65 Gambetta Flavipes. Bonap. Yellow Legs 66 PAGE Rhryacophilus SoUtarius. Bonap. Solitary Sandpiper 66 Tringoides Macularius . Gray. Spotted Sand-piper.. 66 Actiturus Bartramius. Bonap. Field Plover 66 Tryngites Rufescens. Cab. Buff-breasted Sand -piper. 67 Lima s a Fedoa. Ord. Marbled God wit 67 Limosa Hudsonica. Sw. Hudson Godwit 67 Numenius Longirostris . Wils. Long-billed Curlew 67" Numenius Hudsonicus . Latham. Hudsonian Curlew. 67 Namenius Borealis. Latham. Esquimaux Curlew. . 68 Rallus Elegans. Aud. Marsh Hen 68 Rallus Crepitans. Gm. Clapper Rail 68 Rallus Virginianus . Linn. Virginia Rail 68 Porzana Carolina. Vieill. Common Rail 69 Porzana Jamaicensis . Cassin. Little Black Rail. ... 69 Porzana Noveboracensis. Yellow Rail 69 Crex Pratensis. Bechst. Corn-crake 69 Fiilica Americana. Gmelin. Coot 70 Gallinula Galeata. Bonap. Florida Gallinule 70 Gallinula Martinica. Lath. Purple Gallinule 70 Cygnus Americanus. Sharpies s. American Swan... 70 Cygnus Buccinator. Rich. Trumpeter Swan 70 Anser Llyperboreus. Pallas. Snow Goose 71 Anser Gambelii. LLartlaub. White-fronted Goose. . 71 Bernicla Canadensis . Boie. Canada Goose 71 Bernicla Brenta. Steph. Brant 71 Bernicla Nigricans. Cassin. Black Brant 71 Anas Boschas. Linn. .Mallard 72 A7ias Obsciira. Gm. Black Duck 72 Dafila Acuta. Jenyns. Sprig-tail; Pin-tail 72 Nettion Carolinensis. Baird. Green- winged Teal. . . 72 Nettion Crecca. Kaiip. English Teal 72 Querquedula Discors. Steph. Blue-winged Teal ... . 72 Spatula Clypeata. Boie. Shoveller 73 Chaulelasmus Streperus. Gray. Gadwall 73 Mareca Americana. Stephens. Baldpate 73 Mareca Penelope. Bonap. Widgeon 73 PAGE A/'x Sponsa. Bote. Summer Duck 73 FiiUx Mania. Baird. Greater Black-head 74 Fiilix Affinis. Baird. Little Black-head 74 Fiilix Collaris. Baird. Ring-necked Duck 74 Aythya Americana. Bonap. Red-head 74 Avfhya I'dHistieria. Bonap. Canvass-back 74 Bucephala Americana. Baird. Golden -Eye 75 Biicepliala Alheola. Baird. Butter Ball 75 Harelda Glacialis. Leach. South Southerly 75 Melaneita I'elvetinn. Baird. Velvet Duck 75 Peliojietta Fcrspicillata . Kaiip. Sui'f Duck 76 Oi /emia Americana. Swains. Scoter 76 S.imateria Afollissima. Leach. Eider Duck 76 S-imateria Spccfahilis. l.cach . Kirg Eider 76 Erismatiira Riibida. Bonap. Ruddy Duck 77 hfergits Aniericaniis. Cass. Sheldrake 77 Mergiis Serraior. Linn. Red-breasted Merganser. . . 77 Lopdwdytes Ciiciillatiis. Reich. Hooded Merganser. 77 Pclecaniis Fjisciis. Jjfiii. Brown Pelican 77 Pclccaniis Erythrorhynchiis. Gm. American Pelican. ,78 S'lla Bass ana. Briss . Gannet 78 Tacliypeles Aqiiila. Vieillot. Man-of-war Bird 78 Graculus Carbo. Gray. Common Cormorant 78 Graculiis Cincinnatiis. Gray. Tufted Cormorant. . . 78 Thalassidioma Dilsoni. Bonap. Wilson's Petrel. . . 79 Thalassidroma Pelagica. Bonap. Mother Carv's Chickens 79 Stercorariiis Pomarimis. Temm. Pomarine Skua. . . 79 Larus Marinus . Linn. Great Black-backed Gull. . . 79 Lams Argentatiis. Briinn. Herring Gull 80 Larus Driawarcnsis . Ord. Ring-billed Gull 80 Chroicocephaliis Airicilla. Linn. Laughing Gull. ... 80 Chroicocephalus Philadelphia. Bonaparte's Gull 80 Slernia Regia. Gam/'cl. Royal Tern 80 Sterna Fvliginosa. Gm. Sooty Tern 81 Sterna Aranea. Wils. Marsh Tern '81 PAGE Sterna Wilsoni . Bo nap. Wilson's Tern 8i SUrna Forsteri. Nutt. Korster's Tern 8i Sterna Paradisea. Briinn . Roseate Tern 8i Sterna Frcnata. Gamble . Least Tern 82 Hydrochelidon Plumhea. Wils . Short-tailed Tern. . . 82 Anoiis Stolidiis . Leaeh. Noddy Tern 82 Rhynchops Nigra. Linn. lUack Skimmer 82 Colymbus Torquates . Briinn. Loon 82 ColyniliiK Septentrionalis. Linn. Red-throated Diver. 83 Podiceps Griseigena Gray. Red-necked Grebe ... 83 Podiceps Cri.UaiKs . La/li. Crested Grebe 83 Podiceps Cornntys. Latham. Horned Grebe 83 I^odilymhiis Podiceps. Laiur. Carolina Grebe 84 Uria Gryllr. Latham. Black' Guillemot 84 Uria Arra. Pallas . Thick-billed Guillemot 84 Afergnlus Alle. I'ieillot. Sea Dove 84 ORNITHOLOGY. Cathartes Aura. — Illig. Turkey 'Buzzard. c|5^HIS bird I have found on many of my ex- '\3 J cursions in Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Del- * aware and Virginia, and as far west as Iowa. I liave never met witli them farther north than Pennsylvania. I have found it breeding in JVew Jersey, Delaware, Virginia and Iowa. Its nest is made of old rotten stumps and logs at all times, and I have never found more than two eggs in a nest. The nest is made of rotten wood and dry leaves, and I have sometimes found but one egg, and several times have found but one young- bird in the nest. I have seen more than two hundred of these birds at once on the body of a dead horse, and in less than thirty minutes there was nothing left but the bones. Specimens of both birds and eggs are in my collection. It is common in all of the above States. Cathartes Atratiis. — Lesson. Black Vulture. Very common in the Southern States ; I have never met with it farther north than Nortli CaroHna. I have seen these birds in great numbers on the tops of houses, and in the market- places of Charleston, South Carolina ; it is a constant visitor to the slaughter-houses about killing-time, looking for tlie offal. I have found it breeding at Key West, Florida, and its nest u^as made the same as Cathartes Aura, but in a hollow stump, surrounded by cactus bushes, and on my approaching the nest to get the eggs, v^rhich were two in number, the old bird made a dart at me as if she wanted to frighten me off, but finding that she could not succeed in tliat, she threw up a great quantity of carrion, which came very near getting on me ; its smell was very disagreeable, but not- withstanding all this, I procured the eggs and both of the birds for my collection. This bird breeds very abundant around the wooded swamps of Charleston, South Carolina. Falcon Anatuiii. — Bonap. Duck Hawk. It is well-known to all the duck-shooters along the flats of the Susquehanna River, as well also to those who frequent the seashore, where this bird is certain to be found during the duckincr o to season. I have found it also on several occasions on the Delaware River, when I was rail-shooting. I shot one specimen below the Navy Yaro', also another on Jersey shore, both of which had been feeding on some farmer's chickens. I have often noticed the maneuvres of this voracious hero of the falcon tribe, when in pursuit of ducks. On one occasion I was seated in a blind with my decoys in a pond in front of me, waiting for the approach of ducks, when at a distance I saw a small lot of ducks making for the pond. As they approached, I discovered that they were pursued by a hawk, and as soon as they arrived at the edge of the pond they immediately dove under the water. The hawk, somewhat disappointed, continued on his course toward my decoys, making a quick dart and catching one in his talons, but, finding it much heavier than he supposed, soon dropped it, and was in a hurry to get off, when the leaden messengers from my gun brought him down. This specimen is now in the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia. I have frequently found this bird along the seashore in Spring, but never found it breeding in that neighborhood which has been so reported. I do not consider it rare, but difficult to obtain. They vary much in size — the male is much smaller than the female, and the- plumage of the adult bird different from that of the young. I have met this bird as far east as Maine, and as far west as Minnesota, along the Mississippi river, and have not been able myself to find its nest, but have the eggs in my collection which were 4 found in the State of Maine. I also have the birds which were shot along the Delaware river below Philadelphia. Hypotriorchis Columbarius — Gr. Pigeon Hawk. This spirited little hawk I have found from Maine to Florida, and as far west as Minnesota. It is very abundant in the spring and autumn ; I have seen as many as twelve at one time on the fences in Iowa, and they are very plenty along the Mississippi river on the rocks and cliffs, but I have never found it breeding Its color is very much like Falco Anatiiiii, and varys in size the same. Tinmincidus Spatveriiis. — Vieill. Sparrow Hawk. This pretty little hawk is very plenty in all parts of the country that I have been in. I have found it breeding in Maine, and as far west as Minnesota ; it feeds mostly on small birds, such as sparrows and warblers. It remains with us all winter. I have never found it breeding farther south than Virginia, but have shot the bird in the month of May, in Florida. Nests in hollow trees — four to six eggs Ashtr Atricapillus. — Bojiap. Goshawk. The Goshawk is considered by some collectors a rare bird, but as I had at one time as many as six, and have collected in one season, twelve birds, I do not think it rare, but some seasons they do not make their appearance before autumn. I have shot them mostly near a barn, and found them to contain chickens in their crops. I have also found them plenty in Virginia, when hunting quail, on which they also feed. I have never found the. nest, but think it breeds in the high timber in Minnesota, as I have met the bird while shooting prairie chickens in the month of August. I have the eggs in my collection, ob- tained in the British settlements. Accipiter Cooperii. — Bonap. Cooper's Hawk. It is quite a common bird all over the country. I have killed it at all seasons ; it is very plenty in Virginia and Iowa, and feeds oil quail, young prairie chickens and meadow larks. I have dis- sected them and found these birds in them scarcely digested. I have been shooting qtiail and seen this hawk chase a wounded bird until it reached some thicket, when I have gone and picked the bird up. It breeds in New Jersey, and as far west as Iowa, and builds its' nest on trees and rocks. Accipiter Fuscus. — Bonap. Sharp-shinned Hawk. It is considered among gunners a bird hawk. I have seen it catch birds while I was shooting rail on the marshes of the Delaware River, and have seen it catch rail and reed birds, and I have killed it in the act. It is a very common bird, and found over the whole country. I have found it in Maine and as far west as Minnesota ; it keeps in thick timber in breeding season ; I have found two nests in a day not more than thirty feet apart, on small pine trees ; one of the nests con- tained eight, and the other six eggs, and I have often found them with five ; I have also found its nest built on high rocks in the mountains of Pennsylvania. The male is much smaller than the female, and in some cases the latter is twice the size. Buteo Borealis. — Vieill. Red-tailed Hawk. It is generally called the hen-hawk, and is widely distributed over the country. I find it in all parts I have visited, and find it breeding in all heavy timber country. It is very abundant in the winter, about or near Philadelphia, as I have obtained as high as fifty specimens in one season. The young bird is thought by some tobe a separate bird, owing to the tail being barred instead of red, as in the old birds. I have found it very plenty in the western country, where it feeds mostly on prairie chickens — also on frogs, snakes and mice. I have seen It pursue a rabbit and devour the most of it at a meal, after which it is easily approached and shot. Nests on trees ; eggs four in number. Buteo Montanus. — NuttalL Western Red-tail. * It is a variety of But:o Borealis, but mucli larger in size, its legs stouter and stronger built, and is found in the mountains west of the Mississippi. Its habits are much the same as the above, and it feeds on hares, gophe'rs and prairie chickens. Eggs four in number; nests on large trees and on the cliffs, and is very hard to get at. Biiteo Kridcrii. — Hoopes. Krider's Hawk. It is called by Baird the white red-tail. This bird I have found in Winnebago County, Iowa, in 1870. I first observed it flying at a distance, and at first took it for an albino, but seeing several of them in company together, was very anxious to procure one. They were very shy, so much so that I could not get near them. As they feed on chickens and other birds, I was able to get one that was shot by Mr. Hill, a farmer in the county. It was shot near his barn while looking after his chickens or pigeons. The second specimen I saw in a different neighborhood, and approached it as I was riding by in a wagon, near sundown ; the bird was watching a flock of prairie chickens. The third specimen I obtained in 1873, in the same county, and in 1874 I found in the same place quite a number, but could not get near them. ■ I traced this bird as far west as Fergus Falls, Minnesota, where I procured two eggs ; I found its nest on tall pines, and built of sdcks, lined with grass and sheeps' wool. The first two specimens are in the Academy of Natural Sciences, of Philadelphia, and the third is in my collection — also the eggs. This bird was de- scribed and named by Bernard A. Hoopes, Esq. I obtained another very beautiful specimen in full plumage, from Winnebago Co., Iowa. Biiteo Lineatus. — yardinc. Red- shouldered Hawk. It is a very common bird from Maine to Florida, and west to Minnesota, and I have found it breed- ing at all these places. I found the first nest in New Jersey, with two young birds and one ^gg, and the following season I found in the same nest four eggs, and the year after, I found three more eggs in the same nest ; but as the place became settled the birds did not appear afterwards. Butco Pennsylv aniens. — Bonap. Broad-winged Hawk. It is as most of the preceding, ver)' abundant in all parts of the country; more plenty in Autumn, and r found it very plenty in Iowa; never found it breeding there, but have in New York, New Jersey and in the mountain regions of Pennsyl- vania. Nests on trees — four eggs. Buteo Oxypteras. — Cassin. Sharp-winged Hawk.' This Hawk was many years ago, and is now very plenty in Iowa. I think it is a variety of the Broad Wing, being found in company with them, and having habits much the same. It feeds on gophers, mice, squirrels, frogs and lizards. Archibuteo Lagopus — Gray. Rough-legged Hawk. It was many years ago one of the most abundant of the hawk tribe that we had In the neighborhood of Philadelphia. I have counted as many as twenty at one time in the meadows below the city, but now you can scarcely see one. The railroads running night and day has driven them to some more remote place. I have never found its nest, but have the eggs collected in the fur countries. I have met with it in Iowa and along the Mississippi ; it feeds mostly on meadow mice and gophers. Archibuteo Sancti-yohannis . — Gray. Black Hawk. It is considered by some collectors a very rare bird. I have found It the same as most of hawks. It Is more plenty some seasons than others. I have seen as many as ten at one time In the meadows below the City of Philadelphia, and have obtained eight in one season. They appear about October and leave In March ; I have found lO this bird breeding in New Jersey in a cedar swamp, the nest being buih much the same as the Red-shouldered Hawk, on an old pine tree ; the bird was very shy, and I could not obtain it, I have also found this bird as far west as Minnesota, but not breeding there. Have found it in Maryland, but do not consider it rare, still it is not as plenty as years ago, on account of the country settling. Nauclerus Furcaius. — J^igors. Swallow-tailed Hawk. It was considered by all collectors the most rare of all hawks, and is now sought after more than any other. I have found it very abundant in Iowa, Minnesota and Kansas, where they breed; have shot them in Philadelphia and in New Jersey. The first nest I found was at Coon Lake, Iowa ; I watched the bird building, and only obtained one egg, which is now in the Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D. C. Rosthrmnus Sociabilis. — U Orb. Black Kite. It is found in Florida. Dr. Herman and myself saw several of them soaring at a distance, but could not get near them for some time. I did manage to shoot two specimens, and I think they were young birds ; did not see the nest, but think they must breed there, as the specimens we obtained were near the timbered country and in the month of May. 1 1 Circus HudsoiiiciLs. — ■ Vieillot. Marsh Hawk. This is the most common of all hawks in every part of the country. I have found it breeding on the salt meadows of New Jersey, the nest made of grass and sea-weed, and built on the ground at the side of a lot of bushes. I nave also found it breeding very abundant on the prairies of Iowa, its nest being generally at the side of some bushes. Aquila Canadensis. — Cassm. Golden Eagle; Ring-tailed Eagle. This is a beautiful bird in full plumage, but I have never met with many with that plumage. Those that I have seen are mostly young birds in Pall plumage. I have found them in New Jersey and as far west as the Mississippi River, but I have never found the nest. I have killed it near the farm-yard while It was watching chickens, on which it feeds. Haliaetus Leucocephalus. — Savigny. Bald Eagle. The Bald Eagle is very plenty along the coast of Virginia, Delaware and New Jersey. It feeds on ducks and fish. I have seen this bird sit on the meadows and watch the fish-hawk catch a fish, when he would pursue the hawk and make him drop his food, and before the fish could reach the water the eagle would catch it and make for 12 some secluded spot to feed upon it. I have also seen them chase crippled ducks and make a meal off of them ; they frequent mostly the ducking grounds. I have seen them very plenty in the Western States, and on the lakes where the ducks breed. I have found them breeding in New Jersey, near Beesley's Point, also on the the eastern shores of Maryland, and in Iowa and Minnesota, but have never found more than two eggs in a nest. The young in the Fait plumage is without the white head and tail, and ■ some- times is very dark, almost black, varying very much in size. I had one from Beesley's Point that measured eight feet, six inches from tip to tip r then I have had them that only measured five feet, six inches. 1 have seen them in company with the Turkey Buzzard, feeding on the carcasses of dead horses and other dead animals. They build their nests on high trees and cliffs — eggs four in number. Pandion Carolinesis. — Boji. Fish Hawk. The Fish Hawk arrives with us in the month of March, and is looked upon as a welcome visitor ; it breeds along the coast from New Jersey southward, and is very seldom seen in the inland. I have seen but one specimen in the western country, and that was on the Mississippi River. It is not as plenty along the coast of New Jersey since the establishing of watering- places on the island, but farther south you will find it more abundant. Its nest is made of sticks, lined with moss or sea-weed — eggs four in number. Strix Pratincola. — Bonap. Barn Owl. This owl is found in the Spring and Fall, and breeds in hollow trees. I have found it breeding in the meadows below Gray's Ferry, along the Schuylkill River, in a willow tree, and also found a nest on Smith's Island, opposite the City of Philadelphia, where I procured four birds about half-grown. I have never met them in the West ; they are not considered rare. Bubo Virginianus. — Bonap. Great Horned Owl. This owl is found all over the country, and some seasons it will be found more plenty than others, owing to the coldness of the weather. I find in the western country that the bird is larger and of a lighter color than in the eastern country. The winter birds of Minnesota are about half white ; I found it breeding in Iowa ; nest in a hollow tree — eggs four in number ; very abundant. Scops Asio. — Bonap. Mottled Owl. This bird is very common all over the United States, and varys much in size and plumage. I f4 have found it in Iowa in tlie Spring, it being much smaller than the Eastern bird. I have never found any such red specimens in the West, as I found in the South and E^st ; it is hard to decide whether the male and female are a differ- ent specie or not. I see no difference in the marking of the Eastern specimen from the Western, only the size. The eggs are the same color and shape, and the plumage sometimes red, being lighter, but as a general thing the same. It breeds in hollow trees, and is found breeding in apple orchards and the dwellings of farm houses. I found it in a hole in an old barn, and it was very tame. It would let ofie handle and caress it without leavine the nest. I have found six eggs in one nest, but more frequently four ; I have kept them alive for several days and fed them on birds, which they would eat only when no person was watching them. Otus Wilsoniamis\ — Lesson. Long-eared Owl. The Long-eared Owl is common in the State of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, but I never found it very plenty in Iowa or Minnesota. It can be found in the Winter, mosdy in the day- dme, in the tops of thick cedar trees. It is more plenty some seasons than others. It feeds on mice. 15 Brachyotus Cassinii. — Bmucr. Short-eared Owl. This owl is most common of all owls. It can be found all over the country, having found it South, East and West. It makes its nest on the ground, and feeds on meat in the winter, and in. the Spring I have found it to contain frogs and ground squirrels. Four eggs. Syrniiitn Nebidosimi. — Gray. Barred Owl. This owl can be found very plenty in the Eastern and Southern States. It is not very plenty in the West. I have found it breeding in Iowa, Delaware and New Jersey. Eggs four in number. I have seen the bird at sundown come from its roost in search of food, and on one occasion it chased a wounded quail ; it was so intent after it that it did not notice me, so I killed the owl and caught the quail. I noticed a great difference in the size of this bird. In the winter of 1875 they were more abundant than I ever have seen them. Nyctale Arcadia. — Bon. Saw-whet Owl. This is a rare bird and is not often obtained. I have found it in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. I have had it sent to me from Iowa in the Winter, in the flesh. I see no difference in them from those of the Eastern States. It breeds in hollow i6 trees; I •found a nest in Iowa with three eggs, also a nest in New Jersey with three eggs. Nyctea Nivea. — Gray. Snowy Owl. This owl is a visitor from the northern regions, and it only makes its appearance when the weather is very cold. Some winters it is very scarce, and only one or two specimens can be obtained. I have seen it so plenty in some seasons, that I procured as many as twenty or thirty specimens. It keeps along the coast of the Delaware River, and feeds on birds and mice ; I killed one on League Island, on a hammock of ice, and found upon dissecting it, to contain the body of a meadow lark. I have had it from Iowa as late in the Spring as April, and I supposed it to be returning to the North. I have seen it as far south as Virginia, along the shores of the Accomac ; it was plenty in the year of 1875. Surnia Ulula. — Bonap. Hawk Owl. The Hawk Owl is very rare with us, as I have never had but one killed in Philadelphia. I have met with it in the State of Maine, where it is more plenty in the Winter. Crotophaga Ani. — Linn. Ani. The Ani is a southern bird. I shot one speci- men in the month of September, in the meadows 17 below the built-up part of the City of Philadelphia. It was flying in company with a flock of rusty Grade; the specimen is now in the Academy of Natural Sciences. Coccygus Afitericanus. — Bonap. Yellow-billed Cuckoo. This bird is very plenty in some parts of the country I have found it more abundant in New Jersey and Pennsylvania than in any other States. I have met with it as far west as Iowa, but it is rare in that section ; it breeds in Iowa and the above States. Coccygus Eiythrophthalmus. — Bp. Black-billed Cuckoo. The Black-billed Cuckoo is very common in Iowa and all the Eastern States. It breeds in all of them ; the nest is very slightly made of moss and sticks, and it does not look strong enough to hold the bird. It is noted for sucking and destroying other birds eggs. I have never found more than two eggs in one nest. Campephilus Principalis. — Gray. Ivory-billed Woodpecker. I have never found but one specimen of this bird, as it is very shy and hard to approach. I found this in South Carolina. It is very plenty in Texas, where it breeds. i8 Piciis I 'illosus. — Linn. Hairy Woodpecker: The Hairy Woodpecker is very abundant Iii most of the Eastern States. It breeds in hollow trees, and is a resident all Winter in Iowa and west of Minnesota. Picus Pubescens. — Li)in. Downy Woodpecker. This bird is very common in all the States, and breeds in hollow trees west of Minnesota. Eggs four to five. Picus Borealis. — I 'ieill. Red-Cockaded Woodpecker. This bird was more plenty before the large timber was cut in the State of Pennsylvania. It is found very abundant in the South. I have never found it in the West, but I have found it plenty in Florida. Centum s Flaviventris — 5zi'. Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. The Yellow-bellied Woodpecker is to be found in most all parts of the country, in the heavy tim- ber, and generally breeds in holes in the trees. It is quite plentiful, remaining in the winter. Four eggs. Hylotomus Pileahis. — Baird. Black Woodpecker. This bird is not very abundant in the Eastern and Middle States, but is very plenty in the 19 South. I have shot it in Delaware, New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and have seen it in New York State. I do not consider it rare. I obtained several specimens in the Winter of 1875,, ^"d found it in the month of June in Iowa. Cenhirus Carolmzis.—Bonap. Red-bellied Woodpecker. This bird is not very common in the Middle States. It is found in the Spring and Fall. I have found it very abundant in Florida, and have found it breeding. in Iowa and Minnesota. Like the rest of its family, it builds its nest in hollow trees. Eggs four in number ; white — the same color as those of the other woodpeckers. Melanerpes Erythrocephalus. — Siv. Red-headed "Woodpecker. The Red-headed Woodpecker is very common in all parts of the heavy timber country. It is also very abundant in Iowa and farther west, where it breeds, but goes south in the Winter. Eggs four or five ; nests in hollow trees. Colaptus Auratus. — Smainson. Yellow-shafted Flicker. This is the most common woodpecker of all, and is found in all parts of the United States and the British settlements. Nests in holes in trees, and in houses and barns. 20 'Trochilus Colubris. — Linn. Humming Bird. This beautiful little warbler travels all over the States. I have found it from Maine to Florida, and from the Atlantic Ocean to Iowa, where it is very abundant. This is owing to the vast quantity of wild flowers that grow upon the prairies. I have found it breeding in Iowa, and also in the Eastern States. Its nest is built mostly on the branch of an oak tree, and resembles a bunch of moss. Eggs white, and two in number. Chaetiu^a Pelasgia. — Steph. Chimney Swallow. This bird is very abundant from May until September, in the Eastern States, wheje it breeds in the chimneys that are used in that section. I have found it a very rare bird in the West. I have found it as far west as Iowa, breeding In hollow trees. Eggs white, and as many as six in one nest. Antrostomus Vocifems. — Bonap. Whip-poor- Will. The whip-poor-will is distributed throughout the country, as far west as Minnesota, where it breeds, laying two eggs upon the bare ground. Chordeiles Popetue. — Baird. Night Hawk. I have found this bird very abundant during the month of August, in the mountains of Penn- sylvanid, towards dark, feeding on mosquitoes. It is very plenty in Iowa, where it breeds on the ploughed ground. It lays two eggs. I have also found it breeding on the copper roof of a store on Third street, below Race. The roof being slanting, the eggs were layed close by the chimney, a piece of mortar that had fallen from the chimney preventing them from rolling off Chordelles Henry i. — Casssin. AA/estern Night Hawk. The Western Night Hawk is much the same as the above hawk — the only difference being in the size, which is rather smaller. Its habits are much the same. Eggs the same color, but smaller. Ceryle Alcyon. — Boie. Belted King-fisher. The Belted King-fisher arrives with us early in the Spring, and is found along the rivers and small creeks in search of small fish. It arrives about the month of April, in Iowa, and is very plenty. It builds its nest mosdy in holes made in the river banks, but I have found its nest in hollow trees. Milvulus Forficatus. — Sw. Scissor-tail. This bird is looked upon as a very singular one on account of the length of its tail. It is found in Kansas in the month of July, where it 22 breeds. Eggs generally four, and they resemble those of the Tyramms Carolinensis. 'Tyrannies Carolinensis. — Baird. King Bird; Bee Bird. This is very abundant all over the United States, and very plenty west- of the Mississippi River. It lays from four to five eggs. Its nest s generally lined with wool, and is built on low trees. I have also found its nest on low fences. Tyrannns Dmninicensis. — Rich. Gray King Bird. This bird is found in the interior of Florida^ I procured a specimen at Key West. Myiarchus Crinitiis. — <■ Cab. Great-crested Flycatcher. This bird much resernbles the Gray King Bird, and is found in the South. It reaches us in April, and is very common here. I have never found it in the Western States. It builds its nest in low trees and stumps, and also in holes in fences. Eggs four. Sayornis Fuscus. — Baird. Pewee. This is one of the earliest visitors in the Spring, arriving as early as March, and is very abundant in all parts of the United States. It breeds as early as April, and builds its nest in deserted 23 fish cabins, stables, and under bridges. I have found it very plenty in Iowa and farther w^est. Contopus Virens. — Cab. Wood Pewee. i I have found this bird distributed in most of the localities that I have visited. It is very plenty, and builds its nest on the limbs of trees. The nest resembles a bunch of moss, and is much like the nest of a humming bird. Eggs four in number. Empidonax Traillii. — Baird. Traill's Flycatcher. I have found it from the Atlantic to Iowa, but not very plenty. It is not a rare bird. It breeds on trees. Eggs, four in number. Empidonax Minimus. — Baird. Least Flycatcher. This bird is very common all over the United States, I find it very plenty in Iowa, where it breeds in great numbers. Eggs four and five. Empidonax Acadicus. — Baird. Green-crested Flycatcher. This bird is very common from New Jersey to Iowa. I have found it in Georgia and South Carolina. Breeds as far west as Minnesota. Eggs four in number. 24 Empidonax Flaviventris. — Baird. Yellow-bellied Flycatcher. I have shot this bird in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Iowa. It is not common. It breeds in Iowa. Four eggs. Contopus Borealis. — Baird. Olive-sided Flycatcher. This bird is very rare. I have found it in Philadelphia in Fairmount Park, and also in New Jersey. It breeds in pine trees. Eggs four. I have never found it West. Titrdiis Mustelinus. — Gm. Wood Thrush. It is very common from the Atlantic west to Minnesota, and breeds in Iowa. Eggs four in number. Nests on trees and low bushes. Turdus Pallasi. — Cab. Hermit Thrush. It afrives early in the month of May, and breeds as far west as Minnesota. Eggs lour in number. It is very common. It remains as late as November. Turdiis Fuscescens. — Stephens. Wilson's Thrush. It is very common all over the Eastern and Middle States, but rather rare in the West. 1 have found it breeding in New Brunswick. Eggs four in number. 25 Turdiis Swainsonii. — Cab. Olive-backed Thrash. It is not very common. It is found as far south as Virginia, and as far west as Iowa. Eggs four in number. Tw'dus Alicice. — Baird. Gray-cheeked Thrush. It breeds in New Jersey and as far west as Iowa. It arrives in tlie West about the 20th of July, and breeds the last of June. Egg.s four in number. Turdiis Mlgratorius. — Linn. Robin. The Robin is very common all over the United States. It breeds in abundance in the Western States. Eggs four in number. It arrives In the West about the loth of May, and leaves in September. Sialia Sialis. — Baird. Blue Bird.v The Blue Bird is one of the earliest visitors of Spring in the Eastern States. It makes it appearance in the West about the 20th of July, and leaves in September. It is very common in the East, but rare in the West. In mild winters it remains- with us in Pennsylvania. I have known it to commence breeding as early as March. 26 Regulus Calendiila.^Licht. Ruby-crowned Wren. This bird is distributed all over the country. It arrives early in May in Iowa, and returns in September. It remains during the winter among the cedars along the seashore of New Jersey. I have found it in company with the Golden- crested Wren and Black-capped Tit. Regidus Satrapa.-^-Licht. Golden-crested "Wren. This bird remains with us during the winter, and keeps in the thick cedars In New Jersey. It is found In Iowa early in May, but does not breed there. I have found the eggs above Minnesota, in the British settlements. AntJius Ludovicianus. — Liclit. Tit-lark. This bird is very abundant in Spring and Fall, and mostly frequents the ploughed ground on old fields. I have found It very plenty in Virginia and in Iowa. MniotUta Varia. — ] 'ieill. Black and White Creeper. I have met with this bird as far south as Florida, and west to Minnesota, where it breeds. I have found it breeding in New Jersey. Its nest is made In holes of trees. Eggs five In number. 27 Panda Americana. — Bonap. Blue Yellow-back. It is very abundant from Georgia to Maine. I have not found it as plenty in the West. I found it breeding in New Jersey. Its nest is made of moss. Eggs four or five in number. Geothlypis Trlchas. — Cab. Maryland Yellow-throat. It is very abundant in the Spring in all the States, and breeds from the Atlantic to the Mississippi. Eggs four in nujnber, and often a cow-bird &gg. Geothlypis Philadelphia. — Baird. Mourning Warbler. This bird is considered rare among most collectors. I have found it from Delaware to New York, and from the Atlantic to Iowa, but have never found it breeding. Its habits are very much the same as the Geothlypis Trichas. Geothlypis Macgilliz'rayi. — Baird. Macgillivray's Warbler. I never found this bird until 1874, and then I shot three specimens in one day in the State of Iowa. It resembles the Mourning Warbler in appearance very much, and its habits are very near the same. It is found in Iowa. The speci- men is in my collection. 28 Opoi^ornis Agilis. — Baird. Connecticut Warbler. This bird very much resembles Macgillivra)''s Warbler. I have often met it while hunting- partridges in the wheat stubble, and have killed as many as seven In one day. They keep along the fences, and are easily observed by those who are fond of Ornithology and are acquainted with the bird. Oporornis For mosus. — Baird. Kentucky Warbler. It is not very plenty. I have met with it in the mountains of Pennsylvania, and also in New Jersey. I found it swampy woods. It is con- sidered rare. Ictcria I iridis. — Bonap. Yellow-breasted Chat. It is very abundant in the Southern States, and as far north as New Jersey and Pennsylvania. It breeds in June. Eggs four in number. I have never met with it in the Western States. Helm itii eras Vcr;!2 /: •oi'iis. — Bonap. W^orm-eating Warbler. It is very rare. I have met with it on the banks of the .Schuylkill River, but since the im- provements in that section I find it scarce ; the timber being cut, they seek some other localitv. 29 Helminthophaga Plnus. — Baird. Blue-winged Yellow Warbler. It is rather rare, but I have found it in Penn- sylvania and Iowa. It arrives in May in company with most of the warbler tribe, and breeds on trees. Eggs four in number. Helminthopliaga Chrysoptera. — B. Golden- winged Warbler. I have found this bird very abundant in Iowa, wliere it breeds, byt have never found the nest. I have shot it in Penns)'lvania and New Jersey. It is not considered rare. Helminthophaga Ruficapilla. — Bd. Nashville Warbler. It is very abundant as far as Minnesota, and I have* shot it in New Jersey. I have found it to frequent the tops of high trees. It is not con- sidered rare. Helminthopliaga Celata. — Baird. Orange-crowned Warbler. It is very abundant in Iowa. I have not often met with it in the Eastern States. I found one in the month of December, in New Jersey, when there was a deep snow on the ground, which must have been a straggler. 30 Helminthophaga Peregrina. — Cab. Tennessee Warbler. I have found this bird very abundant in Iowa, in company with the other species of the warbler tribe, but I have never met with it in the East. Seiurus Aurocapilliis. — Siv. Golden-crowned Thrush. It is very common in all parts of the country. I have found it very plenty in Iowa and Minnesota, where it breeds, its nest being on the ground, and containing from four to five eggs. It also breeds in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Seiiuiis Noveboraceiisis. — NiM. Water Thrush. I have found, it from the Atlantic to the Mississippi, but never found it breeding very abundant in Iowa and Minnesota. ■ Semriis Ludovicianus. — Bonap. Large-billed Water Thrush. This bird resembles Noveboraceiisis, with the exception of the bill, which is larger. I have only met with it in New Jersey and Iowa. Dendroica Virens. — Baird. Black -throated Green Warbler. It is very abundant in Spring and Fall, from Georgia to Maine, and from the Adantic to Iowa, where it breeds. Nests in trees and bushes. Eggs four to five in number. Dendroica Canadensis.-. — Baird. Black-throated B^ue \A/arbler. It is very common in the Spring, in Maine, and also in Iowa, where it breeds. I have never found the nest, except in Iowa. Eggs four in number. Dendroica Coronat.x. — Gray. Yellow-rump Warbler. It is very common throughout the country. It breeds in New jersey and as far west as Iowa. Eggs four to five in number. Dendroica Blackburnic?. — Baird. Blackburnian Warbler. It is very common in some seasons. I have found it very plenty in New Jersey, and very scarce in Iowa. Eggs four to five in number. Dendroica Castanea. — Baird. Bay-breasted W^arbler. I have seen this bird very abundant some seasons, and at other times could not procure one. It is very rare in Iowa. Dendroica Pimis. — Baird. Pine-creeping W^arbler. It is very abundant in New Jersey, and is found feeding on pine trees in the Spring. I have found it very common in Virginia, and also in Iowa in the Spring of 1875. 32 Dendroica Pcnnsylvanica. — Baij^d. Chestnut- sided Warbler. It is very common all over the country. I found it breeding in the mountains of New York, and in the State of Minnesota. Eggs four to five in number. Dendroica Cceridea. — Baird. Blue Warbler. It is very rare in the Eastern States. I have found it very abundant along the Mississippi River, in Iowa. Dendroica Striata. — Baird. Black-poll W^arbler. It is very common in all the States, and one of the latest to arrive in Spring. It breeds in Maine and Iowa. Dendroica Aestiva.—r-Baird. Yellow Warbler. This" is the most common of all the warbler tribe, and is distributed all over the country. I have found it breeding in gardens near houses, and it appeared to be very tame. I have met with it on the prairies where there were no dwellings within tea miles. Its nest is made ot hemp, and generally lined with wool and twine. Eggs four to five in number. 33 Dendroica Maculosa. — Baird. Black and Yellow Warbler. It is very abundant some seasons — remains but a short time, and then leaves for the moun- tains vifhere it breeds. It is rare in Iowa. Dendroica Tigrini. — Baird. Cape May Warbler. It is rather rare. I have found it in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and as far west as Minnesota and Iowa. Dendroica Palmarum. — Baird. Yellow Red Poll. This is one of the first visitors of the warblers in Spring, and is very common all over the country. I have found it breeding in Maine and Iowa. Nests on cedar bushes. Eggs from four to six. Dendroica Superciliosa. — Baird. Yellow-throated Warbler. I have found this bird very abundant in the South, in the neighborhood of Charleston, South Carolina, where it breeds. I have never found its nest. Dendroica Discolor. — Baird. Prairie Warbler. I fomd this little bird very abundant at Indian Key, in Florida, its plumage being in a very bad condition. I also found it in New Jersey, the 34 nest being on small fern bushes. Eggs five in number. RIyiodioctes Mitratiis. — Aud. Hooded Warbler. It is very rare. I have found it breeding in the mountains of Pennsylvania and New York, and have also found it in New Jersey. Eggs five in number. Myiodiodes Piisillus. — Bonap. Green Black-cap Flycatcher. It is not very common here, but I found it in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and as far west as Minnesota, where it breeds. Myiodiodes Canadensis. — Aud. Canada Flycatcher. It is very common, and breeds from the Atlantic west to Iowa. It also breeds in the State of Maine. Setophaga Rut'.dlla. — Svu. Redstart. It is very common in all parts of the country. I have found it breeding from New Jersey to Maine, and west to Minnesota. Eggs from four to five. Pyranga Rubra. — Vieill. Scarlet Tanager. It is very common in Spring, from Florida to New York, and west to Iowa. It keeps mostly 35 in heavy oak timber, and I often found it on new ploughed ground or fields, searching for worms. It breeds in Iowa. iNcbts on oak trees. Eggs tour in number. Pyranga Aestiva. — VieiU. Summer Red Bird. 1 found this bird very plenty in Virginia about the 1st of May. I also found it breeding in New Jersey. Nests on low pine trees. Eggs four in number, and much the same as P. Astern. Hirundo Horreoi inn . — Barton . Barn Swallow. It is generally distributed over the country, but is not very plenty in Iowa or Minnesota. Hirundo Lunifrons. — Say. Cliff Swallow. It is very abundant in Iowa and Minnesota, also in the mountains of New York, and as far south as Pennsylvania. I have found it breeding on League Island. Hirundo Bibolor. — Vieill. White-bellied Swallow. It is very common all over the country and breeds in hollow trees. Eggs from four to six. Cotyle Riparia. — Boie. Bank Swallow. It is very common from Maryland to Penn- sylvania and Canada, and west as far as Minnesota. 36 Cotyle Set ripennis. — Bonap. Rough-winged Swallow. I have found this bird from Delaware to New- York, and from the Atlantic to Minnesota. I found it breeding in Iowa in company with Cotyle Riparla. Eggs six in number. Prague Purpurea. — Boie. Purple Martin. This bird was to me some years ago very abundant about Philadelphia, but in the la.st few years I found it very scarce. I found it very abundant in Iowa and farther west, breeding in hollow trees and stumps. Ampelis Gat ruliis. — Linn. Wax Wing. I have found this bird very plenty in Iowa, in the Winter, and have known it to be shot in Maine. I have seen a specimen that was killed in West Philadelphia in the Winter of 1841. It was feeding with some cedar birds on the berries of the cedar trees. It Is considered very rare. Most of the rare birds have a locality where they may be found very plenty. Ampelis Cedrorum. — Baird. Cedar Bird. The Cedar Bird is found over the country from New Jersey to Minnesota, and breeds in Iowa. 37 I have found it very plenty in Maine, and as far south as North Carolina, where it remains in Winter. Collyrio Borealis. — Baird. Great Northern Shrike. This bird is not often met with in Pennsylvania, except in the Winter, and then it feeds on snow birds and sparrows. It breeds in Minnesota. Eogrs four in number. It is not common. Collyrio L iidoz •ician us. — Baird. Loggerhead Shrike. I found it very common in Georgia, where it breeds, and I have found it as far north as Pennsylvania. Colly t io Excubitoroides. — Baird. White-rumped Shrike. I have found this bird for many seasons, breed- ing in Iowa, near Clear Lake. It builds its nest on low oak bushes. Eggs four in number. It is very shy when you approach its nest, and hard to get a shot at. Vireo Olivaceus. — Vieill. Red-eyed Flycatcher. It is very common all over the countrj-, and arrives in Iowa about the loth of May. Eggs four in number. 38 [ Ireo Altiloquus. — Gray. Whip Tom Kelly. I have found but one specimen of this bird, and that I found at Key West, Florida, while I was in company with Dr. Herman. Vireo Pliiladelphicus. — Cassin. Philadelphia Vireo. I found this bird very abundant about Daven- port, Iowa, where it breeds. Eggs four in number. I have also found it in Minnesota, but have never met with in the Eastern States. l^irco Gilinis. — Bonap. Warbling Flycatcher. It is very common from the Atlantic to Min- nesota. It breeds in Iowa and is very plenty. Eggs four in number. Vireo Naveboraceiisis. — Bonap. White-eyed Vireo. It is very common south to Florida, and north to New York, but I have never found it farther west than the mountains of Pennsylvania. I 'irco Solitarius. — Vieill. Blue-headed Flycatcher. It rather rare. I have never procured more than four in a season. I have found it breeding in Iowa and also in Pennsylvania. 39 I ^ireo Flavifrons. — Vieill. Yellow-throated Flycatcher. It is very abundant early in the Spring, in Iowa and Minnesota, where it breeds. It arrives very early in May, in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Mimus Polyglottus. — Boie. Mocking Bird. I have found this bird very plenty in Virginia, and have shot it in New Jersey, Delaware and Iowa. I found a nest which had four eggs in it. Mimus Carolinensils. — Gray. Cat Bird. This bird is very common all over the country, and arrives the ist of May in Iowa and Minnesota. Harporahynchus Rufus. — Cab. Brown Thrush. This is one of the early visitors all over the country, and one of the first to leave. I have found it very abundant in all parts that I have hunted. Thryothorus Ludovlcianus. — Bonap. Great Carolina Wren. I found this bird plenty about Charleston, South Carolina, and have killed it in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. I have found it breeding at Red Bank, New Jersey. 40 Thryothoi^us Bewickii. — Bonap. Bewick's Wren. It is rare in the Middle States. I never shot but two specimens ; one in New Jersey and the other in Pennsylvania. Cistothorus Palustris. — Cab. Long-billed Marsh Wren. This is a very common bird along the banks of the Delaware River, but I have never found it on the seashore. I found it very plenty as far west as Minnesota. Cistothoru-s Stellaris. — Cab. Short-billed Marsh Wren. I found this bird very rare. I killed one in New Jersey, and found the nest with five eggs in it. It is more plenty in Iowa, but very hard to obtain, as it runs among the grass and along the sloughs and wet places. The nest found in New Jersey was built on a low bush in the salt meadows. This bird in the West, builds on the high reeds and cat-tails along the creeks and sloughs. Troglodytes Aedon. — Vieill. House W^ren. It is very common all over the United States. Troglodytes Parkinanni. — Aud. Parkman's Wren. I have found this very plenty in Iowa, breeding in old stumps and holes in trees, and it resembles 41 the House Wren so much that it is hard to decide whether it is the same bird, k breeds in the woods, and the eggs are of a lighter color than the House Wren. 'Troglodytes Hycuulis. — ] 'icill. Winter Wren. It is not very common. It is found from Pennsylvania to Iowa, and keeps in wood piles and rocky places. It breeds in Minnesota, north of St. Paul. One nest of this bird was found along the Schuylkill River. The nest resembles that of the European one, both in structure and size. Certhia Aincrwaua. — Bonap. American Creeper. I have found this bird as far west as Iowa, and also in Maine. It is not common. Those found in Maine are much larger than those in Penn- sylvania, and in the West the bill is much longer and more curved. Sitta Carolinensis. — Gnielin. White-bellied Nuthatch. It is very common throughout the country. I found it breeding in Iowa. Nests in holes in trees. Sitta Canadensis. — Linn. Red-bellied Nuthatch. I have found this bird very plenty in Iowa, and also found it breeding there in holes and trees. 42 Its eggs are much the same as the Cm^olimnsiy and smaller. It is very plenty in Pennsylvania in Autumn. Sitta Pusilla. — Latham. Brown-headed Nuthatch. I found this bird very common In North Carolina. I also found it breeding in holes in trees, and caught the bird on its nest. Eggs five in number, and much the same as those of the Canadensis. Polio ptila Ccerul.ea. — SclaL Blue-gray Gnatcatcher. In some seasons it is very plenty along the Schuylkill River, keeping in the high trees. Lhave found it in Virginia, It Is not rare. Lophophanes Bicolor. — Bonap. Tufted Titmouse. It Is not very plenty. I have found It from Virginia to the mountains of Pennsylvania ; and found It breeding In heavy timber In New Jersey. Eggs five in number. Nest^In holes In trees. Pariis Atricapillus. — Linn. Black-cap Titmouse. This bird Is distributed all over the country. It breeds from South Carolina to Maine, and from New Jersey to Iowa. It Is common. 43 Pai us Carolinensis. — Aud. Carolina Titmouse. I have never found this bird north of Georgia. It Is very scarce. Eremophila Corniita. — Boie. Sky Lark. It is very abundant along the sliores of the Delaware, in the Winter, as far south as Virginia, I found It breeding in Iowa, and also found young birds in the early part of April. The in- habitants say they lay early in March, when the ground Is covered with snow. I have found the young when the ground was covered with three inches of snow. I have also found the nest in- June. E-ggs four in number. Pinicola Canadensis. — Cab.- Pine Grosbeak. It is seldom found in Pennsylvania, except in very cold winters. It is very plenty in Iowa and Maine, Carpodacus Purpureits.-^ Gray, Purple Finch. It is very abundant in the Winter in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and also plenty in Iowa where it breeds in the Summer. I have found it In Maine in the month of June. 44 Chrysomitris T? istis. — Bonap. Yellow Bird. This bird is well distributed over the States. I have found it from South Carolina to Maine, and from New Jersey to Minnesota. It breeds in Maine, Iowa and Minnesota, where I found its nest. Eggs four in number. Chrysomitris Pimis. — Bonap. Pine Finch. It is not often found in Pennsylvania, except in the Winter. I have found it very plenty in Iowa in the month of September, feeding on lettuce seed in company with the Chrysomitris Ti istis. Curvi rostra Americana. — JVils. Red Crossbill. I have found this bird in the Winter, from Virginia to New York. I met with it in June in New Jersey, near Red Bank, and in June the next year in Maine. I found it in Autumn in Iowa. It is very plenty. Ciirvi rostra Leiicoptera. — Wils. White-winged Crossbill. I found this bird very abundant in the Winter of 1845, in New Jersey. I have never found it but once in that locality. I found it in Mary- land in the month of March, in 1861, and have not met with it since. It is considered rare in this State. 45 Aegiolhiis Linaria. — Cab. Lesser Red Poll. I found diis bird very abundant in some ■winters in Pennsylvania. I also found it very plenty in Iowa, where it remains a few weeks,, and then leaves for warmer quarters. Plectrophanes. — Nivalis. Snow Bunting. It is very abundant in some winters along the Delaware River, and along the roads when the snow is on the ground. I have killed a great many of these birds on the ground where the Eastern Penitentiary and the Girard College now stands. It is very plenty in Iowa. PlecLrophanes Lapponicus. — Selby. Lapland Longspun This bird was considered rare some years ago. I can say that it was as plenty in Iowa the last of April, as the Snow Bundng. I have found it in flocks of thousanas, feeding on the wheat fields. The farmers call it the wheat bird, and would like some one to kill them all, as they devour an immense amount of wheat after it is sown, and do not leave until the crop begins to sprout. Passerculus Savanna. — Bonap. Savannah Sparrow. It is very abundant In Spring, and is found in the meadows south of the City of Philadelphia. It is also found in New Jersey and west to Iowa. 46 Pooecetes Gramineus. — Baird^ Grass Finch. It is ver}^ common in Spring in New Jersej' and Pennsylvania, and some few remain during a mild Winter, It is not often found in Iowa. Cotut ni cuius Passer inus. — Bonap. Yellow-winged Spairrow. It is very plenty, and is one of the early Spring visitors. It is very abundant upon the prairies of the West, where it breeds. Eggs four in number, Ainviodrovms Caiidacidus. — Sw. Sharp-tailed P'inch. It is very abundant along the seashore from New York to Georgia. I have found it breeding in great numbers at Atlantic City. Ammodromus Mm itivius. — Sw^ Sea-side Finch. I found it along the shores breeding on the salt meadows. Its nest is built on low bushes. I found it breeding in company with A. Caudacutus. Zonoirichia Leucophrys. — Sw. White-crowned Sparrow. It is found in the mountains of Pennsylvania, where it breeds. I found one specimen in Camden, N. J. Rare. 47 Zonatrichia Gambelii. — Gambel. Gambel's Finch. In the month of May, 1875, ^ shot two speci- mens in Iowa, the first of this bird lever met with. Rare. Zonolrichia Coronata. — Baird, Golden-crowned Sparrov/. I shot one of these birds in September of 1872, in a gard-en in Lake Mills, Winnebago Co., Iowa. Rare. Zonotrichia Querida. — Gamb. Harris's^ Finch. I found this bird very abundant in Iowa. It arrives about the ist of May, and remains until June, then returns again in September, I have never found its nest. Zonotrichia Albicollis. — Bonap, W^hite- throated Sparrow. This bird remains with us in mild winters. I have found it in very cold weather, with snow on the ground, in New Jersey, feeding about Pennsylvania in company with the Song Sparrow, Grass Finch and Tree Sparrow. I found it breeding in Maine and Iowa. Eggs four in number. 48 jfuiico Hycinalts. — Sclat. Black Snow Bird. It is very abundant in Winter, and arrives in October. Breeds in Maine and Minnesota, and arrives in Iowa in the montii of May. Spizella Monticola. — Baird. Tree Sparrow. This bird is very common in Winter, and leaves early in the Spring. I have found it in the month of May in Minnesota, but cannot say whether it breeds there or not. Spizella Pusilla. — Bonap. Field Sparrow. It is very common in Spring and is one of the early visitors. 1 have never met with it west of the Alleghany mountains. Spizella Socialis. — Bonap. Chipping Sparrow. This is one of the early visitors in Spring, and remains very late in Autumn. I found it in May in Iowa. It is not very plenty, and not much in company with other birds. Spizella Pallida. — Bonap. Clay-colored Bunting. I found this bird in Winnebago Co., Iowa, in company with 6". Socialis. I found it breeding in Minnesota. Eggs four in number, and resembling those of the Sjjizdla Pusill.i. 49 Melospiza Melodia. — Baird. Song Sparrow. It is very common all over the country. Leaves Iowa in October. Melospiza Lincolnii. — Baird. Lincoln's Finch. I found this bird very plenty in Iowa, where in breeds. It is more numerous than any of its family in that section. Very common. Melospiza Palustris. — Baird. Swamp Sparrow. It is very common from the Atlantic to Min- nesota, where it breeds. Passerella Iliaca. — Sw. Fox-colored Sparrow. This is a common bird with us in Spring and Autumn. I have met with but few in the West. 'Calamospiza Bicolor. — Bonap. Lark Bunting. I shot two specimens in the Spring- of 1875, in Winnebago Co., Iowa. I have seen them frequently when riding ?long the road. In other counties it is very plenty, and always in pairs. Enspiza Americana. — Bonap. Black-throated Bunting. Many years ago this was a very common bird about Philadelphia, but for some seasons it has 50 become rare. I found it very abundant in Iowa, breeding on the prairies. Guiraca Ludoviciana. — Sw. Rose-breasted Grosbeak. This beautiful songster is much sought after by collectors about Philadelphia, and is considered rare. I have found it very common in Iowa and Minnesota. It arrives the ist of May. Guiraca Ccei-ulea. — Sw. Blue Grosbeak. It is very rare. I have never found it except in Delaware, and there it was not plenty. Cyanospiza Ch is. — Baird. Painted Bunting. I found this bird very plenty in Florida, where it breeds, but could not obtain a nest with eggs. Cyanospizo Cyanea. — Baird. Indigo Bird. It is very plenty from Delaware to New York, and from New Jersey to Iowa. Cardinalis Virginianits. — Bonap. Red Bird. It is very abundant from South Carolina to Pennsylvania, and remains with us in the Winter. It breeds in June. I have never met with it in the West. It is said to be found in Minnesota, yet I have never found it. 51 Pipilo Erythrophthalmus. — Vieill. Ground Robin; Towhee. It is very common all over the country, and breeds in Iowa in great numbers. Dolichonyx Oryzivorus. — Siv. Boblink; Reed Bird. It is very common in the South where it winters, and makes it appearance on the ist of May, in Pennsylvania, and also in Iowa, where it breeds in great numbers all over the prairies. It leaves Iowa about the 20th of August, in large flocks. It makes its nest on the ground, and is very shy when any one approaches it. I found one nest to contain six eggs, and also a cow bird's. Molothrus Pecoris. — Sw. Cow Bird. This is called by most of the collectors, the lazy bird, because it lays its eggs in other birds' nests. I have found it in the nest of the Maryland Yellow-throat, Blue Bird, Black-throated Green Warbler, Yellow Warbler, Redstart and Bob- link. It is very common in the country. I found it very abundant in Iowa and Maine. Asdahis Phceniceus. — Vieill. Red-winged Black Bird. It is very common in all the States. It arrives in Pennsylvania in the month of March, and makes its appearance in Iowa in the month 52 of April. It remains in the West as late as October. Xanthocephalus Iderocephar s. Yellow-headed Blackbird. It is very abundant in Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Breeds along the creeks and marshes, and on the reed and cat-tail flags. Eggs four to five. Sturnella Magna. — Sw. Meadow Lark. It is very common from New Jersej^ to Min- nesota. It builds its nest on the ground. Eggs four to five. Sticrnella Neglecta. — Aud. Western Lark. I shot several specimens of this bird in the northern part of Iowa, and found them breeding. Nests on the ground. Eggs four in number. Not common. Icterus Spurius. — Bonap. Orchard Oriole. Breeds in great numbers in Iowa. It is not as plenty in New Jersey and Pennsylvania as it was some years ago. Icterus Baltimore. — Daudin. Baltimore Oriole. This beautiful bird was some years ago very abundant in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, but 53 for some seasons it has become scarce. I have found it very plenty in the Western States, breeding in Iowa, Minnesota and Wisconsin in large numbers. Scolecophagus Fernigineits. — Sw. Rusty Blackbird. In March this bird makes its appearance in Pennsylvania, and moves westward. I found it in the month of April in Iowa, the snow being still over the country. I found it breeding in May. Eggs four in number, and nest built on low hazel bushes, similar to that of the Red Wing, which is often found in company with it. Quiscalus Major. — Vieill. Boat-tailed Grakle. I shot this bird in Florida. I found it breeding, and its eggs resemble those of Q. ] Versicolor, onl)- larger. Nests on low bushes. Eggs four in number. Quiscalus I ersicolor. — P 'icill. Crow Blackbird. It is very abundant, breeding from Maine to South Carolina, and from the Atlantic to Min- nesota. It is very destructive to farmers in corn- fields. I found its nest built on the ground in the West, and in New Jersey built under the nest of a fish-hawk. 54 Corvus Carnivortis. — Bartram. American Raven. I have often met this bird on the beach from Barnegat to Cape May, and found it very shy and hard to obtain. I found it feeding upon the carcasses of ducks. I obtained a specimen from Maine, in the flesh, which was much larger than the one found in New Jersey. Corvus Americanus. — And. Common Crow. This bird is very abundant in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and also in Delaware. I have never seen many west of Ohio. I never killed but one in Iowa, and that was much smaller than the Eastern. As a general thing, the crows vary in size, but not as much as this one. Corvus Ossifi agiLs. — Wilson. Fish Crow. This crow makes its appearance along the Delaware in Spring, when the shad fishernien commence to haul their nets, to feed on the small fish that are left on the shore. I have found them in North Carolina. I have found them breeding in New Jersey in May. Nests on pine trees. Eggs four in number. Pica Hiidsanica. — Bonap. Magpie. I was fortunate enough to find one specimen of this bird in the Spring of 1875, in Winnebago Co., Iowa. . 55 Cyanura G-istata. — Sw. Blue Jay. It is very abundant from the Atlantic to Min- nesota. I have seen flocks of. more than a hundred at a time, flying over the timber at Benson Grove, in Iowa, for several days. They breed very abundant in Iowa, and are very tame. Ectopisies Migratoria. — Sw. Wild Pigeon. Very abundant in Spring and Autumn, when migrating. I have found them in immense numbers in Wisconsin, and have seen so many alight upon an oak tree that they broke the limbs off I found it in Iowa in 1875, breeding in Benson Grove, and also at Clear Lake, where it was more plenty. Zenaidura Carolinensis. — Bonap. Common Dove. Very common in all parts of the country. Breeds very abundant in Iowa. \ ChamcBpelia Passe^dna. — Sw. Ground Dove. This little dove is very abundant at Key West, Florida, where it breeds. I shot one specimen in the pine woodsof New Jersey, which I suppose was a straggler. I have been out hunting quail in November, and on my return through a 56 thick pine woods towards the ferry, this bird would fly up from the ground. Meleagris Gallopavo. — Linn. ^ Wild Turkey. It is found in the mountains of Pennsylvania. Very plenty in North Carolina and Virginia. I have found them in Iowa, but they are scarce and hard to obtain. I also found it very abun- dant in Florida. Tetrao Canadensis. — Linn. Spruce Partridge. Very abundant in the thick forests of Maine, and also about Lake Superior. Pedioecetes Phasianellns. — Baird. Sharp-tailed Grouse. I found this bird in Iowa and Minnesota, where it breeds. In some seasons it is very plenty. Cupidonia Cupido. — Baird. Prairie Hen. Very numerous in all the Western States. I met with it in New Jersey in 1840. Bonasa Unibellus. — Steph. Ruffed Grouse. Very abundant from New Jersey to Maine, and as far west as Iowa. 57 Var. Bonasa Umbelloides. — Baird. Gray Mountain Grouse. I met with this bird in thick timber in Iowa and Minnesota. I can see but very litde differ- ence between it and Bonasa Umbcllus, except the color on the tail feathers, and size, which is smaller. Ortyx Virginanins. — Bonap. Partridge; Quail. Very abundant from Florida to Pennsylvania. I found them very numerous in Wisconsin, and very few in Iowa. Grus Amcricanus. — Ord. Whooping Crane. This bird I found breeding in Winnebago Co., Iowa, and was very shy and hard to approach. It flies in great numbers in Autumn, toward the South. I have seen them in Florida, build their nests in sloughs and lakes, upon musk-rat houses. Grits Canadensis. — Tcnini . Sand-hill Crane. Very abundant in the West and South. I found them very plenty in Iowa, breeding in May. I found the eggs late in June, and hatched them under a hen. The young of this bird are very singular when hatched, and if not kept separate, will fight until one has killed the other. 58 The old bird lays but two eggs, and when the first leaves the egg, the male takes it off and takes care of it ; the female takes care of the other until they reach maturity, then they assem- ble together. I have found the young upon the prairies, only one at a time, and not far distant. I would then find the other, and if put together, they would fight. Dciniegretta Liidoviciana. — Baird. Louisiana Heron. I met with this heron with many others, on the Keys, in Florida. I shot several, but they falling in the water, I could not procure but one specimen. Garzetta Candidissima. — Boi^ap. Snowy Heron. This bird I also found very abundant in Florida, and have found it very plenty on the Seven Mile Beach, Cape May Co., New Jersey. I found it breeding in May in great numbers. Herodias Egretta. — Gray. White Heron. I also found this bird as far south as Florida, the Delaware, Seven Mile Beach, of New Jersey, and along the streams as far west as Iowa. Ardea Herodias. — Linn. Great Blue Heron. Very common along the Delaware River, south to Florida, and west to Iowa. Breeds on 59 the beach in Cape May Co., New Jersey, in company with the Night Heron. Florida Cceridea. — Baird. Blue Heron. This, with many other herons, is very abun- dant in Florida. They keep in large flocks, and feed among the mangrove bushes in the swamps. I found this bird breeding in company with G. Candidissima, in Cape May Co., New Jersey. Ardetia Exilis. — Gray. Least Bittern. Very common along the Delaware River, and breeds in great numbers as far west as Iowa. Botaurus Leiitiginosiis. — Steph. Bittern ; Stake Driver. Very common all over the States, and breeds in great numbers in Iowa. This bird has a great many names, such as Dunkey-doo, Bunk- alett. Stake Driver, and in the West it is called Thunder Pumper. Biiloiides Viresccns. — Bonap. Green Heron. Very common on all the creeks. Breeds on the Seven-Mile Beach, New Jersey, and West to Iowa. Nyctiardea Gardeni. — Baird. Night Heron. Very abundant from Florida to New York, and west to Iowa, Minnesota and Dakota. I 6o found it breeding on the beach at Cape May in company with the Snowy and Blue Heron, and in Florida in company with the same, and also the Brown Pelican. /dis Alba. — Vieillot. White Ibis. I found this bird very numerous at Snake Key, Florida, but in very poor plumage, not being able to obtain a good specimen. Ibis Ordii. — Bonap. Glossy Ibis. This bird is often shot in September, on the marshes of the Delaware River. When shooting rail I have seen as many as four killed in a day. Plioenicopterus Ruber. — Linn . Flamingo. Very numerous on the Keys along the Florida coast, standing in line like soldiers. • Charadjdns J Irginiciis. — Borck. Golden Plover. This is a rare bird to get in full plumage. Never got but two in full plumage. They are found frequenting the marsh in Cape May coun- . ty. New Jersey. Aegialitis J otri/cms. — 'Cassin. Killdeer. Very abundant along the Jersey coast, and west to Iowa. Breeds upon the prairies. Eggs four. 6i Aegi alitis Wilson iis. — Cass in . Wilson's Plover. Breeds in great numbers from Virginia to Long Island, along the seashore. Eggs four, laid on the sand. The eggs of this bird resemble those of the Vociferus, but are not as much pointed. Aegialitis Seniipalmatiis . — Cab. Semipalmated Plover. Very abundant in May, when migrating along the Delaware River, also along the seashore. Makes its appearance in Iowa the first of June, where it breeds. Eggs four, laid on the bare ground on the prairie, near sloughs and creeks. Aegialitis Melodiis. — Cab. Piping Plover. Very abundant along the seashore from Vir- ginia to Long Island. Breeds on Seven Mile Beach and Peck's Beach, Cape May county. New Jersey. Eggs four in number, laid on bare sand. Sqiiatarola Hch •ctica. — G«'. Black-bellied Plover. Very abundant along the seashore in Spring and Autumn. It is also abundant in Iowa, where it arrives about the ist of May, feeding over the plowed ground. HaematopiLS Palliatus. — Teiiini. Oyster Catcher. It is found along the seashore from Virginia to Barnegat, New Jersey. I found it breeding on 62 Peck's Beach, New Jersey, and also found the young birds running along the beach, feeding with the parent bird. Two eggs are all I have found in a nest, which is made of sea-drift. Sti'cpsi/as Interpres. — lUig. Turnstone. Very abundant about the loth of iVIay, along the seashore, feeding upon the eggs of the king- crab ; and arrives about the same time in Iowa, in great numbers, feeding on the craw-fish about the sloughs on the prairie. Recnrvirostra Americana. — Gin. American Avoset. I found it upon Egg Island on the Delaware river, in the month of June, also in Kansas, on the first of June, where it breeds. Himantopus Nigricollis. — Vieillof. Black-Necked Stilt. I have never found but one specimen of this bird which I have been able to shoot at, but have seen others on Egg Island, in Delaware Bay, where it breeds. Pha/aroptis Wilson ii. — Sab. Wilson's Phalarope. Breeds in large numbers in Iowa. The nest is made close to the sloughs upon some drift grass or reeds. Eggs four. It makes its appear- ance about the 20th of May. Breeds in June. Never found but two specimens in the Eastern States. Phalaropus Fidicarius. — Bonap. Red Phalarope. Found in Maine. Breeding on the Lakes. Never found but two specimens in full plumage. Very rare. Philohela Minor. — Gray. American Woodcock. Breeds from Maryland to Maine, and from the Atlantic to Minnesota. Some seasons very plenty. Eggs four. Nest on the ground made of leaves and grass. I have found it breeding in Delaware as early as March, when snipe shoot- ing. This nest was on a high tussick, with water around it about eight inches deep. Gallinago U^ilsonii. — Bonap. English Snipe. Very abundant over the United States. Found it breeding in Maine and Iowa. Eggs four. iMacrorhamplms Grisctis. — Leach . Red-breasted Snipe. ^Very abundant in the month of May in the meadows along the sea coast, passing through Iowa about the first of June, Hying westward. Never found the &gg- 64 Macrorhamphtis, Scolopaceiis. — La. Greater Longbeak. Very abundant in the Spring and Autumn alone tlie sea-coast, feeding on salt meadows. Arrives in Iowa about the first of June in large flocks, feeding- on the burnt prairies. Triiiga Canutiis. — Limi. Knot. This bird, like the most sand-pipers, keeps along the seashore in the Spring and Autumn in great numbers. I found it in the month of May marching westward, stop'ping a day or two in Iowa, feeding along the slough. Very easy to approach. Tringa Maritima. — Brimiiich . Purple Sand-piper. Very rare along the shores of the Atlantic in New Jersey, having never obtained but two specimens. Tringa Alpina, var. Amencana. — Cas. Red-backed Sand-piper. Very abundant along the coast of New Jersey in Spring and Autumn. Have found it in Sep- tember in Iowa in large flocks, going South. Tringa Alacnlata. — Vieill. Jack Snipe. I have often met with this bird when .shooting Wilson's Snipe. It is generally found in pairs 65 about April, and springs from the ground mucli the same as Wilson's Snipe. Often deceives the hunter. Trill ga J f ^ilsoi/ii. — Xiittall. Least Sand-piper. Very abundant on the shores of New Jersey, feeding on the meadows in the salt ponds, also in Iowa along the sloughs. I think it breeds West, for I have seen it there in July on the prairies. Tj'inga Bonapartii. — Schlcgcl. Bonaparte's Sand-piper. This bird is rather rare to me. Have never met but three specimens. Calidris Arena ria. — Illigcr. Sanderling. Very common along the Jersey coast. Never found it breeding. Ercuiictcs, Petri /icaf lis. — ///. Semipalmated Sand-piper. Very abundant along the shores of the Atlan- tic in Cape May county. New Jersey. Gambetta Mclaiiolcuca. — Bonap. Tell-tale ; Stone Snipe. This bird is sometimes very abundant along the Delaware River in the month of May, but never but a few days. It makes its ajDpearance 66 in Iowa about the loth of May; remains all Summer. Never found it breeding. Ganibetta Flavipes. — Bonap. Yellow Legs. Very abundant along the sea coast in Autumn from New York south to Georgia. Very plenty in Iowa in the month of May, where it breeds. Four eggs. Nests on the ground. Rhyacophilus Solitariiis. — Bonap. Solitary Sand-piper. This bird frequents swamps in timbered land. Have found It in the mountains of Pennsylvania and west to Iowa. I have found it breeding in May. It makes its appearance in April, and com- mences to lay about the last of the month. Found its nest on the first of May, with two eggs. It lays four generally. Have found sev- eral nests with four. Trlngoides Macidarius. — Gray. Spotted Sand-piper. Very abundant from Delaware to Maine. Never found but one specimen as far west as Iowa. Actitiirus Bartramius. — Bonap. Field Plover. Very abundant in Iowa and Minnesota, where it breeds during the month of May. It leaves 67 West with its young in the month of August, as soon as the wheat is cut. I never found it plenty in Pennsylvania. Found one specimen on Key West, Florida. Tryngites Rttjcsccns. — Cab. Buff-breasted Sand-piper. This is a very rare bird in full plumage. I have never met with but one specimen in that stage. Limosd Fedoa. — Ord. Marbled Godwit. Is very abundant along the seashore in Au- tumn. When migrating they breed in large numbers in Iowa and Minnesota. I found them in Winter, in Georgia. Eggs four. Limosa Hudsoniciis. Hudson Godwit. I found this bird breeding in Winnebago Co., Iowa. Never met with it on the coast. Eggs four. NiLincnius Longiiostris. — Wils.. Long-billed Curlew. Very abundant along the sea coast from New York to Georgia, and winters West to Iowa, where it breeds in May. Eggs four. Nunienius Hudsoniciis. — Latham. Hudsonian Curlew. Found it on the salt meadows of Cape May, in September, sometimes in great numbers. 68 Some seasons I have found it in the month of May. Niuiicuiits Borealis — Latham. Esquimaux Curlew. Found along the seashore from New York to Cape May, New Jersey. I have found it in Iowa in May, migrating westward. Rallies Elegans. — And. Marsh Hen. I have found this bird along the Delaware river when shooting rail, P. Carolina, in Septem- ber, also in April, when snipe shooting on the meadows below the city. Found it breeding in the same meadows, now In the city of Philadel- phia. Also found it breeding in Iowa. Ralliis Crepitans. — Gm. Clapper Rail. Very abundant from South Carolina to New York, on the salt meadows. Ralhis I'ii'Qimajms. — Linn. Virginia Rail. Not as numerous about the Delaware as others, but have found it breeding in the mead- ows below the city, and abundant in Iowa. Re- mains West until the first frost. Eggs from eight to fourteen. 69 Pormna Carolina. — I 'icill. Common Rail. Very abundant in Autumn along the marshes of the Delaware River. Very abundant in Iowa and Wisconsin, breeding in great numbers around the slough. I have seen them as thick as black birds. Eggs eight to fourteen. Porzaua Jamaiccnsis. — Cassin. Little Black Rail. Very rare. I found this bird breeding at Beesley's Point, New Jersey. Also found it near Mount Holly, New Jersey. Eggs eight. Porzaua Noveboraccnsis. Yellow Rail. Found in the wet meadows in Spring, and on the marshes in Autumn. Breeds in Iowa, where I found its nest with eight eggs. Q-ex Pratcusis. — Beclist. Corn-crake. I was fortunate enough to obtain a specimen of this bird, while shooting wood-cock in June, in the meadov^s above Bordentown, N. J. This specimen is now in the Academy of Natural Science, of Philadelphia. I also obtained another specimen, shot in the meadows below Salem, N. J., in the month of August. 70 « Fidica Americana. — Gmelin. Coot. Very abundant from Georgia to New York, and from the Atlantic to Minnesota, where it breeds in great numbers. Eggs from eight to sixteen. Gallmida Galeata. — Bonap. Florida Gallinule. Often found upon the meadows along the Delaware River, and west to Iowa, where it breeds. Eggs from eight to twelve. Gallinula Martinica. — Lath. . Purple Gallinule. Sometimes found on the marshes of the Dela- ware in Autumn. I have found it breeding in Iowa in the month of June Eggs eight. Cygnus Americanus. — Sharpless. American Swan. I obtained one specimen on the Cliesapeake Bay, when duck-shooting near Turkey Point. Rare. Cygnus Bticcinator. — Rich. Trumpeter Swan. Found very plenty on the Chesapeake Bay, in Winter. Some seasons I have obtained two specimens on the Delaware River. It breeds in Iowa. 71 AnscT- Hyperboreus. — Pallas. Snow Goose. I found this goose at Chingateague,Virginia, one Winter, very plenty. It is called the White Brant there. I also found it in Iowa, where they pass in great numbers in April, stopping to feed on the grain fields. Anser Gximbelii. — Hartlaub. White-fronted Goose. Very abundant in Iowa about the last of March, returning in November, when they stop to feed on the wheat. Beniicla Canadensis. — Boie. Canada Goose. Very abundant in Spring and Fall, on the Dela- ware below Bombay Hook, and at Hog Island, Virginia. Breeds in Iowa and Minnesota in April, and as late as May. Bernicla Brenta. — Steph. Brant. Very abundant along the sea coast from Long Island to Cape May. Bernicla Nigricans. — Cassin. Black Brant. I procured one specimen at Barnegat, New Jersey, and one from Beesley's Point, New Jer- sey, being the only two specimens I ever met with. 72 A/ias Bosclias. — Liiiii. Mallard. V'ei')' abundant from Georgia to Maine, and as far West as Iowa to Minnesota, where it breeds. Anas Obscnra. — Gm. Black Duck. Common on tlie salt marslies from Viroinia to • <^ Lone Island. I found them breeding below Great Egg Harbor, New Jersey. Eggs two. Dafila Acuta. — yenyns. Sprig-tail; Pin-tail. This duck makes its appearance in Spriqg, when the ice breaks up, remaining but a few days, and tlien renews its flight northward. I found a few breeding in Iowa. Eggs eleven. Nettion Carolincnsis. — Baird. Green-winged Teal. Arrives early in the Spring and leaves in April. I have found them breeding in Iowa in the month of May. Acttion Crccca. — Kaiip. English Teal. I found two specimens in the year 1874, in Winnebago county, Iowa. Rare. Qiici-qucdiila Discors. — Stcph. Blue-winged Teal. Arrives in March and leaves in May. I found them very numerous in Iowa and Minnesota. 7i They are very numerous. I have collected eggs and hatched them out under a chicken, and tried to tame them, but could not succeed ; they would run for the lake as soon as they could get out of the pen. Eggs eleven. Spatula Clypeata: — Boie. Shoveller. Very abundant in Virginia in the winter. Rare in Pennsylvania and abundant in Iowa, where it breeds. Eggrs eio-ht to eleven. Cliaulclasmiis Strcperus. — Gray. Gad wall. Not common in Delaware. They winter in Virginia. Breeds in Minnesota. Eggs eight. Alairca ^Imcricana. — Stephens. Baldpate. Found on the Susquehanna flats in Autumn. Common in April along the Delaware. Marcca Penelope. — Bonap. Widgeon. Rare. Have found two specimens, which I shot in Maryland on the Patuxent Bay, in 1874. I had one sent me in 1875. Aix Sponsa. — Boie. Summer Duck. This duck is much sought after for its beauty. Not fit for table use. Breeds in hollow trees 74 along the creeks and lakes in Iowa. Found diem some seasons very plenty on the marshes of the Delaware River. -Not rare. Fidix Marila. — Iniird. Greater Black-head. Abundant on die Susquehanna flats in No- vember and March. Found along the Delaware River and West to IVIinnesota. Breeds. I found one breeding in Iowa in 1874. Eggs eight. Shot the parent bird in Lime Creek. Fidix Ajfinis. — Bau'd. Little Black-head. Common on the Delaware and Susquehanna Rivers. Breeds in Iowa and Minnesota. Eggs nine. Fidix Collaris. — Baird. Ring-necked Duck. Not common ; found in company with the F. Affinis, and met with often on the Delaware River. Aytliya Americana. — Bonap. Red-head. Abundant on the Chesapeake in Winter, and as far South as North Carolina. I found it in Iowa and found it breeding in Minnesota, above Fergus Falls. Eggs eight. Ay thy a J \dlisncria. — Bonap. Canvass-back. Common on the flats of the Susquehanna and as far South as Charleston, South Carolina, in 75 Winter. I have found it breeding on the lakes in Minnesota above St. Paul. Eggs eight to ten. Bucepliala Americana . — Baird. Golden Eye. Not rare. Found on the mill dams through New Jersey and south to Virginia in Winter. Breeds in hollow trees near rivers, creeks, lakes and ponds. Found as far west as Iowa. Eggs nine. Buccphala Albeola. — Baird. Butter Ball. Common from Virginia to New York and along the Jersey shore, and thoroughfare, and on the Delaware. I found it breeding in the moun- tains of New York, in Delaware County. Breeds in hollow trees. Eggs eight. Harelda Glacialis. — Lcach.- South Southerly. This duck is found sometimes on the Dela- ware in large quantities, some seasons. It is very common at Barnegat, and south to Hog Island, Virginia. Melanetta J ^chctina. — Baird. Velvet Duck. I found this duck in the inlet at Adantic City and Corson's Inlet. You can seldom get near 76 enough to shoot them, as the)- keep out beyond the surf. Not common. Pclionctta Perspicillata. — Kaup. Surf Duck. Common but hard to shoot, on account of its keepino- out in the surf, where the yunner cannot get. On a stormy day the)- can be found in the inlet. I found a flock in the Delaware River once and killed several atone shot. Oidcviia Americana. — Ai 'ains. Scoter. Rare ; not often met with. Found from Bar- negat to Cape May, New Jersey. Never killed but three .specimens. Sviiatcria JMoUissiiiia. — Leach. Eider Duck. Never met with th's bird but on one occasion, when I obtained four good full-plumaged birds at Barnegat in New Jersey in the month of Feb- ruary. Somaferia Spcctabilis. — Leach . King Eider. Two specimens of this bird were obtained at Egg Harbor, New Jersey, both being males. The female bird I obtained at Tackertown. It is often found in New York market. 11 Eriiinahira Riibida. — Bonap. Ruddy Duck. Not common. Found from lOelaware to New York, and west to Iowa, where it breeds. Epos eight. ]\Icrgiis Americanus. — Cass. Sheldrake. I have often killed this duck on the Delaware, south of Chester, Pa., and north to Delaware County, New York, where I found it breeding, and observed it carrying the young from a hollow tree, and depositing them in a pond near the river. I have also shot it in Iowa. Breeds in Minnesota. Not common. Mcrgiis Sen ator. — Linn. Red-breasted Merganser. Not common. I have found it on the Delaware, and as far south as Yirginia. Loplwdytes Cncnllatiis. — Reich . Hooded Merganser. Found in the Winter as far south as Virginia ; also along the Delaware River and west to Iowa, where I found it breeding;. Nest in hollow trees. Eggs eight. Not rare. Pclccanns Fnscns. — Linn. Brown Pelican. It is very abundant at Key West, Florida, and 78 breeds in great numbers at Snake Key, on man- grove bushes. Eggs two. Ptlccanus ErvUirorliynclnts. — Gin. American Pelican. \'ery abundant in Iowa and Minnesota, where it breeds. I found a laro^e flock in Beaver Lake, Minnesota, in May, 1872, and obtained three specimens. Stda Bassana. — Briss. Gannet. I obtained one specimen on the steamboat, Charleston Harbor, it being blown on board by a storm. Found it breeding on Florida Keys. Tacliypctcs Aqnila. — [ leillot. Man-of-v/ar Bird. \'ery abundant on the Keys of Florida, flying in large flocks along the beach. Gnic?dus Carbo. — Grav. Common Cormorant. \"ery abundant in Florida. I have seen acres of them off of the town of Key West. Often found on the Delaware. Called by gunners Crow Goose, as far west as Iowa. Gracidiis Cincimiatits. — Gra \. Tufted Cormorant. Found one specimen of this bird on Lime Creek, Winnebago County, Iowa, in 1875. Thalassidroma JJl/soni. — Bonap. Wilson's Petrel. I found this bird on one occasion in the Dela- ware Bay, near Levvistown, Delaware, the weather being- very clear and calm. I shot one when the Captain told me there would a storm lefore we reached the land. I laughed at him, but to my surprise in less than half an hour I witnessed one of the worst blows I ever saw, and we were obliged to run into a creek for shelter. Thalassidroma Pelagica. — Bonap. Mother Gary's Chicken. I shot one of these birds on the Schuylkill River below the Market Street bridge, Philadel- phia. There was a large flock of them and when I shot the one the others made off. They must have been blown in by a heavy storm. Stcrcorariiis Poiuariniis. — Tciuiii. Pomarine Skua. In October, 1859, while gunning on the mead- ows below Broad Street, Philadelphia, I shot at a f^ock of Black-bellied Plover and killed three birds, and upon examination found one of them to be 6". Ponnxriitus. Supposed it to be a straggler. Lams Marin Its. — Limi. Great Blacked-backed Gull. I obtained one specimen of this Gull at Bar- negat, New Jersey. I have seen specimens shot on the Delaware River. 8o Lai us Argcnfafiis. — Bninn. Herring Gull. Very abundant in Winter on the Delaware River, and on tlie Jersey coast. I saw them in the Bay of Fundy, very thick. They breed on Gran-Manan. Lams Delaiiiarensis. — Ord. Ring-billed Gull. Found on the Delaware River in the month of March. Rare. Cliroicocephalus Africi/la. — Linn. Laughing Gull. Very abundant along the Jersey coast in the month of May, where they breed on salt mead- ows, making their nest of drift weed and sea weeds. I have found them breedinp" on what is o called Gull Island, in great numbers, below Sea- viUe, New Jersey. Cliroicocephalus Philaiielphia. Bonaparte's Gull. Not common. Found on the Delawar-e in April and October, and west to Rice Lake, Iowa. Slenia Regia. — Ganibel. Royal Tern. Very abundant on the Tortugus Island, Flor- ida, and breeds on the Keys of Florida. I have seen them in great numbers. I have two specimens in my collection. Sterna Fidigiiwsa. — Gin. Sooty Tern. Common on the Keys of Ploridaand the Tor- tueas, where it breeds in lartre numbers. I have two specimens in my collection. Sterna Aranca. — Wils. Marsh Tern. I found it on the Seven-Mile Beach, New Jer- sey, breeding in company with several other species. Eggs four, laid on the bare sand. Sterna Wilsoni . — Bonap. Wilson's Tern. Very abundant along the Jersey coast, where it breeds. Found on the Delaware some sea- sons, and west to Lake Erie. Eggs four. Lays on the bare sand of the sand hiUs, or dry flats on the seashore, where the tide cannot reach them. Sterna Forsteri. — Nutt. Forster's Tern. Not common. Found on the shore of New Jersey in company with 6". IVilsonii, west to Iowa. Sterna Paradisea. — Bi'iiun. Roseate Tern. Found along the coast from Virginia to New Jersey. Not common. 82 Sterna Frcnata. — Gamble. Least Tern. Abundant along the Jersey coast. Breeds on the flat sands on the Seven Mile Beach, New Jersey. I found it very plenty on Clear Lake, Iowa. Breeds on the drift along the shore of the lake. Hydrochelidon Phinibea. — li'ih. Short-tailed Tern. Found in Autumn on the Delaware River, in immature plumage. Very abundant in Iowa and Minnesota on the sloughs and lakes, breeding in large numbers. Anoiis Stolidus. — Leach. Noddy Tern. Found from the Florida Keys to the Tortugas, where it breeds. I have two specimens in my collection. Rliynchops AUgra — Linn. Black Skimmer. Found from Peck's Beach, Cape May, to Vir- ginia. Breeds on all the beaches in Cape May county. New Jersey. Eggs four. Nest on the sand hills. CoLyni bus Torq nates. — Brim n . Loon. Common from Florida to Maine, and west from the Atlantic to Minnesota. Breeds on the 83 lakes. The npst is made upon an old muskrat ''^^"' ^"^ ".nmetimes floating from one part of the noust, s^ , ,' 1 • 1 T 1 , « other, accordmo-to the wmd. 1 have often seen this bird in the Gulf stream of Georgia. Eggs two. Co/y//i/?/is Septentrionalis. — Linn. Red-throated Diver. It is often found in Winter on the Delaware River. I have never procured but one bird in full plumage in Spring. Rare. Podiceps Griseigcna. — Gray. Red-necked Grebe. It is often found in Winter on the Delaware River, and south to Virginia. Its plumage is very rare in Spring, and common on the lakes above St. Paul, Minnesota, where it breeds. Eggs from eight to eleven. Podiceps Crist atns. — Lath. Crested Grebe. Found on the Delaware River, south to Cape May, and west to Minnesota. Breeds on the lakes. Eorcrs six to ten. Podiceps Corniitns. — Latham . Horned Grebe. Not common. Found from New Jersey to Iowa, where it breeds. Eggs eight to twelve, and covered over with mud and reeds. 84 Podilxnibus Podiceps. — Laivr. Carolina Grebe. Abundant from Virginia to M; ^ ^ to Minnesota. Breeds very ab^..^ ant in all the sloughs and lakes in Iowa. Eggs from eight to thirteen. Uria Gryllc. — LatJiain. Black Guillemot. Some winters it is found along the Jersey coast as far as Cape May. I obtained two specimens at Egg Harbor, in winter plumage. Uria . -irra. — Pallas. Thick-billed Guillemot. Not common. Some winters it is found at Tuckertown and Long Branch, New Jersey. I have a specimen in my collection. Meri^nlus Allc. — / 'ieillof. Sea Dove. I found two specimens of this bird at Atlantic City, in the inlet, in November, 1874. t t. ' , I' •♦ ^ ,ii I'll • / ' . ' '■-■.. I 'At