CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
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 oljn 
 
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 Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of this book is in 
 the Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028881106 
 
IIIIIIH^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 IIIIKMIIIIIIIIIIIIIU 
 
 Olaltfnmta 
 
 Comprising the Counties of 
 
 Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange 
 
 Riverside, San Bernardino 
 
 San Diego, Ventura 
 
 Issued by 
 
 Southern California Panama Expositions 
 
 Commission 
 
 \ 
 
 'X*HE Southern California Expositions Commission is composed of one member from 
 
 each of the above named counties, appointed by the Boards of Supervisors to prepare, 
 
 install, and maintain the exhibits of Southern California at the Panama-Pacific International 
 
 Exposition at San Francisco and the Panama- California Exposition at San Dieg:o in 1915 
 
F 
 S7^V 
 
 Copyright, 1914, by 
 
 Southern California Panama Expositions 
 
 Commission 
 
 z?<i f/i 7;^ 
 
 /)n'o'^ 
 
Southern California 
 
 By JOHN STEVEN McGROARTY 
 
 Author of the "Mission Play" 
 
 =m 
 
 N the old days of the Conquistadores and the sandaled, 
 brown-robed brothers of St. Francis, there was an 
 Alta California and a Baja California, which was to 
 say an Upper and a Lower California. You will still 
 find on the maps, as a part of the Republic of Mexico, 
 this same Lower California — a vast peninsula, laved 
 on its western shore by the waves of the Pacific, while 
 from the east it keeps amid desert silences its im- 
 memorial watch upon a yellow Gulf into which pours 
 the tawny, silted waters of the Rio Colorado. 
 
 It was from this historic peninsula that the 
 expeditions set out by land and sea in search of 
 golden empires and the fabled straits which were to cut a shorter pas- 
 sage to Spain for the treasure-laden ships. It was from these shores that 
 Cortez, the grim Conqueror, sent Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo on that im- 
 mortal voyage of 1542 which resulted in the discovery of our California 
 of to-day. And from thence came also Don Caspar de Portola and Fray 
 Junipero Serra with the fateful expedition of 1769, driving the first stakes 
 of the white man's civilization and taking the first actual possession of 
 the country. 
 
 For more than half a century after 1769, in the first loosening of the 
 grip of Spain on half the world, many archives were filled with fine writing 
 in Madrid concerning the government and conduct of "Las California", the 
 term including in its meaning both Alta and Baja California. But, while 
 Baja or Lower California was specifically defined and mapped as it is at 
 present, including the peninsula only, Alta California was apparently lim- 
 itless in its scope. Practically, it began at San Diego in the south as now, 
 but it was supposed to stretch northward as far as ships could sail, or the 
 foot of man could travel by land. 
 
 There came at last a time, however, out of the glamoured centuries, when 
 a flag that whispered to the breeze no memories of Spain or of those who had 
 sprung from its heroic loins, floated over the far-flung hills and vales of 
 Alta California. 
 
 And it was then that the magic name took a distinct and well-defined 
 meaning in the understanding of the world. Then, at last, California was 
 mapped as a state of the American Union, and it was so mapped that even the 
 stranger to the atlas might instinctively know when he had crossed either of 
 the imaginary lines which still mark its northern and southern boundaries, 
 
 & 
 
SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO 
 
SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO 
 
 SO unerringly does it include certain physical and climatic characteristics. 
 It is the Kingdom of Light. It begins and concludes like the Canticle 
 to the Sun. From end to end, the same royal purple enfolds its kingly moun- 
 tains in evening's dusk; the same mystic fire flames upon all its valleys in 
 the miracle of the dawn. From Siskiyou to San Diego, amid endless hills 
 and along a thousand miles of the sea's white shores of glory, it is "Just 
 California". 
 
 Sun and dews that kiss it, 
 
 Balmy winds that blow. 
 The stars in clustered diadems 
 
 Upon its peaks of snow. 
 The mighty mountains o'er it. 
 
 Below the white sea swirled — 
 Just California, stretching down 
 
 The middle of the world. 
 
 It is an empire within itself, vast 
 in its proportions, having everything 
 it needs or could desire, so situated 
 and constituted that a wall could be 
 built around it and yet leave it ab- 
 solutely beyond the necessity of 
 hailing the outside world for succor 
 in any way. And also within our 
 American State of California there 
 are still really two Californias as 
 there were once the Californias of 
 the peninsula and the limitless, un- 
 explored territory beyond. 
 
 FRAY JUNIPERO SERRA 
 
=»{gi 
 
 VENTURA MISSION. 
 
 I 
 
 SAN LUIS REY MISSION. 
 
 =Hb] 
 
PALA. 
 
 The great dyke of the Tehachepi, 
 looming like a barrier, cuts Califor- 
 nia in two with an effectiveness not 
 less than that which, in the world's 
 history, has divided human com- 
 munities into different races speak- | 
 ing different languages, following i 
 different modes of life and swayed ■ 
 by wholly different habits of i 
 thought. The dyke of the Tehach- ' 
 epi does not do all this, for Califor- 
 nians are certainly of one mind in 
 their devotion to the state, and of 
 one heart in their love for it. But, 
 quite as surely does that great mid- 
 state barrier have the effect of giv- 
 ing us a Southern and a Northern 
 California, even as the seas and the deserts in the days of old made a Baja 
 and an Alta California for the swords of the Conquistadores and the wan- 
 dering sandals of Franciscan dreamers. 
 
 These pages have to do with Southern California only, and their pur- 
 pose is to enlighten the outlander and the stranger concerning a distinct 
 portion of the earth's surface 
 which is, in a thousand ways 
 peerless, and in a thousand 
 other ways actually and po- 
 tentially unrivalled. 
 
 It was California of the 
 South which the Spanish dis- 
 coverers saw first, of course, 
 since it was up from La Paz 
 and Navidad on the Penin- 
 sula that they sailed. The 
 first port they reached was 
 the Port of San Diego, even 
 as the same luring and for- 
 ever beautiful Harbor of the 
 Sun must be the first port at 
 which the ships shall call as 
 they speed from the seven 
 seas through the Panama 
 Canal. 
 
 But there was many a gal- 
 leon and many a daring fleet 
 wrecked in the waves before 
 the first of the white man's 
 sails hailed the Port of San san lhis eey-misbion. 
 
 1 
 
SAN FERNANDO 
 
 Diego in the Land of Heart's Desire. For this was indeed the Land of 
 Heart's Desire that had long been the quest of deep-sea wanderers and ad- 
 venturers upon every inland trail. Wondrous tales had long been^ told of 
 it before it was found. Yonder, within its shining hills, it was said, lay 
 the magic country Quivera with its seven cities of gold. And there, also, 
 was Anian where the land was cleft by the waters and the way of the ships 
 was clear and short to the castles in Spain. Persistently, as upon the 
 breath of tireless winds, the Spanish treasure-seekers in Mexico saw the 
 magic of bright dreams wafted to them from these unswept shores, and 
 endlessly it was pictured in the imagination as a land of gold, boundless 
 
 SAN GABRIEL MISSION 
 
 ==m 
 
SAN FERNANDO 
 
 in wealth and limitless in 
 opportunity. 
 
 And all this was literally 
 true, as now we know, al- 
 though it remained for an 
 alien race to find it so, long 
 after Spain had let fall her 
 grasp upon the full half of 
 the globe. When her swords 
 had rusted and her armadas 
 were sunk a thousand fath- 
 oms deep, the blue-eyed alien 
 came upon the pathways 
 which Spanish prows had 
 made at sea and the trails 
 that Spanish feet had dared 
 and conquered across forest and desert wilderness, to possess what was 
 once Spain's alone and to make real the dreams that her sons in vain had 
 visioned. 
 
 It was in the far-away time of the year 1542, fifty years after the dis- 
 covery of America by Christopher Columbus, that the first white men beheld 
 with wondering eyes our California of the South. Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, 
 a Portuguese navigator, sailed in that year from Navidad on the Peninsula 
 by orders of Cortez the Conqueror, with a fleet of two galleons flying the 
 flag of Spain. Other admirals had sailed before him to challenge the same 
 unknown seas, but they were all either driven back defeated or they found 
 watery graves. But the fates were kinder to Cabrillo. How, or by what 
 miracles, he managed to voyage so far against such fearful odds, is now a 
 thing at which we of this day well may marvel. His ships were the merest 
 little "tubs" on which men would not now venture anywhere, let alone to 
 dare a vast, uncharted and unknown ocean. 
 
 Cabrillo and his crews remained in the Port of San Diego for a matter 
 of six days basking in the 
 glory of endless sunshine as 
 countless thousands since 
 have done. Then he sailed 
 northward as far as Cape 
 Mendocino, putting in at 
 every harbor on the way. 
 Winter came with winds 
 and storms, and the ships 
 were driven back for shelter 
 to the islands of Santa Bar- 
 bara. The great admiral 
 fell sick and died. They 
 buried him on the Island of 
 San Miguel — the sunny lit- 
 
 INTERIOR VENTURA MISSION 
 
tie isle that lies nearest the 
 shore. And there he still 
 sleeps on, as he shall sleep 
 forever 'till the Archangel 
 sounds the trumpet and God 
 calls back the sea and rolls 
 the heaven as a scroll. One 
 with the dust of California 
 now and till the Judgment 
 Day is the dust of Juan Rod- 
 riguez Cabrillo, the immor- 
 tal Portuguese whose ships 
 were first to sail to the Land 
 of Heart's Desire. 
 
 When those who were 
 left of the great adventure 
 returned to Mexico they 
 took with them no word of 
 the seven cities of gold, but 
 they were eloquent in their 
 enthusiasm over the beau- 
 ties of the new empire they 
 had seen. Yet, no ships 
 came again to California for 
 
 BELLS— VENTURA MISSION. 
 
 a space of sixty years. In 
 1602 the Spanish navigator, 
 Sebastian Viscaino, followed 
 in the path of Cabrillo, sail- 
 ing much farther northward, 
 planting the Cross at Mon- 
 terey and returning home 
 with reckonings and a map 
 of the Coast. But the ships 
 came not again for longer 
 than a century and a half — 
 full one hundred and sixty- 
 seven years — when, by order 
 of the King, Fray Junipero 
 Serra and Don Caspar came 
 with Cross and sword, and 
 to tell the world that a white 
 man's face might once more 
 be seen in the Port of San 
 Diego. 
 
 It was then that Califor- 
 nia began — in that fateful 
 year of 1769. It was then 
 
 SAN DIEGO MISSION. 
 
 10 
 
SAN DIEGO MISSION. 
 
 that Destiny marked Southern California for its own, ordaining the 
 the vine to make soft the desert wastes, lemon and orange bloom for 
 land slopes, herds on a thou- 
 sand hills, living waters to 
 make green the sun-browned 
 land; and, at last, not the 
 dream of seven mythical 
 cities of gold, but the tang- 
 ible, bright reality of thrice 
 seven times seven golden 
 cities that now throb with 
 the tides of commerce and 
 the tread of countless feet. 
 Yet, glamorous as South- 
 ern California is to him who 
 looks back upon its history 
 and traditions through the 
 glow of Time's white mists, 
 the beginnings were not 
 easy. The heroic figures of 
 men who suffered and toiled 
 and died to win a heathen 
 land to God and civilization 
 stand out now in bold and 
 strong relief even against 
 the panoply of modern pro- 
 gress. The year of 1769 was saw juan capistrano. 
 
 fig and 
 the up- 
 
 U 
 
==(51 
 
 a tragic year at San Diego. 
 Before it was done, the fate 
 of California hung in the 
 balance. Only what seems to 
 have been verily a miracle 
 saved the situation. 
 
 The expedition of Serra 
 and Portola came to make 
 California secure to the 
 crown of Spain and to 
 Spain's religion. The orders 
 of the King, through his 
 viceroy in Mexico, were to 
 found Missions and Presi- 
 dios at San Diego and Mon- 
 terey, both of which places 
 were known through the 
 voyages of Cabrillo and Se- 
 bastian Viscaino. The or- 
 ders also included the found- 
 ing of a Mission and Pre- 
 sidio at a place between San 
 Diego and Monterey to be 
 known as San Buenaven- 
 tura. From this nucleus the 
 entire conquest of the Pro- 
 vince was to be wrought. 
 So it was in the fullness of time that the dream that had haunted the 
 centuries came true. One arm of the expedition arrived by sea on the 
 staunch little galleon, the San Carlos, which was destined more than once, 
 afterward, to play its own important part in the drama of conquest. Two 
 other divisions came by land accomplishing the terrible journey overland 
 from the Peninsula across desert sands and unexplored mountains ■ where 
 the foot of a white man had never trod before. With one of these land 
 parties came Fray Junipero Serra with wounded body, but with unwounded 
 and dauntless soul. 
 
 In a few days only, after the last man had reported, Fray Junipero began 
 his search for heathen converts and had laid out the site for the first Mis- 
 sions. Don Caspar de Portola and the best of the soldiers, muleteers and 
 Indian neophytes from Mexico, had set forth upon his way to find Mon- 
 terey. The Cross of the Crucified had been raised upon the summit of the 
 hill where stands to-day the memorial Cross made from the roof tiles of 
 the first white men's habitation of the western shores of our America. 
 Morning and evening hymns ascended to the blue skies of summer; the 
 flag of Castile and Leon rippled to the breeze; the bugle of the Con- 
 quistadores rang across the bright waters of the Harbor of the Sun. 
 Yet, though all was so well begun, there were bitter griefs and heart- 
 
 FATHER O'KEEFE 
 SAN LUIS REY MISSION 
 
 12 
 
 m 
 
breaking disappointments in store 
 for the dreamers. Two-thirds of a 
 year passed before Portola returned. 
 And his quest for Monterey had been 
 fruitless. He had not found it. He 
 had sufifered untold hardships. His 
 men were half dead from sickness 
 and hunger as they dragged them- 
 selves back into t;he long-waiting 
 garrison at San Diego. 
 
 Upon his backward march, Por- 
 tola had been buoyed to endure the 
 misery of suffering and disappoint- 
 ment alone by the hope that he 
 would find awaiting him at San 
 Diego, among those he had left be- 
 hind, the success and progress which 
 he himself had so vainly yet so vali- 
 antly struggled to secure. But, in 
 that hope, he was doomed to the 
 greatest disappointment of all. For 
 no progress had been made at San 
 Diego. No success had been at- 
 tained. Not one heathen had been 
 brought into the fold. Sickness and 
 hunger stalked like twin specters in 
 
 the camp of Junipero Serra. Death had reduced the garrison to half its 
 original numbers. 
 
 When the realization of this and the black despair of it all dawned upon 
 his troubled soul, Portola was not slow to act. He was a good soldier, a 
 man trained to dare and to do. After all, the responsibility was his. He 
 saw that there was now but one more step to take and that step was nothing 
 less than the immediate abandonment of California. He issued at once 
 his orders that all who were left of the ill-starred adventure should board 
 the San Carlos and set sail with the tide for Mexico while yet they had 
 strength to do so. 
 
 This was the hour of crisis — the hour of fate for California. Only a 
 miracle could save the situation. 
 
 But the miracle was wrought. One superb, indomitable soul stood out 
 against the surrender. Fray Junipero would not yield. In vain did Por- 
 tola and the people — padres, soldiers, sailors and all — plead with Serra. 
 When they determined to carry him away with them by force, if neces- 
 sary, he plead for just one more day. And, because he was so gentle 
 because he was so great in so many ways, and because they loved him, the 
 Comandante granted his request. One more day — just one, and no more. 
 Then they would sail back to Mexico and abandon California forever. 
 When broke the dawn of that last day, and when in the dim, first hour 
 
 SAN GABRIEL 
 
 13 
 
the garrison awoke to renew its feverish preparations for the journey 
 homeward, Father Junipero was missing. They immediately searched for 
 him, and at last they found him where he was, on the brown Presidio hill- 
 there on his bended knees, his face turned to the great waters, his lips mov- 
 ing in ecstatic prayer above the worn crucifix that he wore at his girdle. 
 He had not broken his fast; not so much as a drop of water had pasffed his 
 lips. He was storming the gates of God for a ship to save starving San 
 Diego — to save California. 
 
 In the hearts of the garrison there welled a vast pity for that gaunt, lone 
 fig-ure on the hill. Alas, that he had come to this, that he should hope 
 to bring a ship to San Diego when no ship could come. He was a child 
 wishing for a star, they said. Yet, there was nothing to do but to let him 
 pray on. When the hour of sunset flamed upon the skies they would lift 
 him from his knees, as gently as might be, and bear him away with them 
 to the place from whence they had come. 
 
 So, it was that the day wore its slow length away, the garrison moving 
 its impedimenta to the deck and to the hold of the San Carlos; Fray Jiini- 
 pero praying on the hill. And, at last, the hour of sunset came. The sky 
 was tumultous with its glory. The tide was turning; the trumpeter was 
 about to blow a blast to signal the departure. 
 
 Then came the miracle. Suddenly a voice cried out: "Look! a sail, a 
 sail! Look, Father Junipero, God has answered your prayer". 
 
 It was a strange thing — 
 that throe in which Califor- 
 nia was born. Up from the 
 seas had come succor at the 
 last moment of the last hour. 
 The relief ship was laden 
 with supplies. Help, came 
 with the vessel. Despair 
 vanished. The task . that 
 was about to be abandoned 
 forever was taken up anew, 
 and with new courage and 
 vigor. 
 
 At once the work of 
 building Missions and Pre- 
 sidios was commenced. In a 
 year following, San Diego 
 and Monterey were flour- 
 ishing. When Seira died in 
 1784, nine Missions and sev- 
 eral presidios had been 
 founded and established. Be- 
 tween the founding of San 
 Diego and the year 1823, 
 twenty-one Missions had 
 
 SAN LUIS KEY. 
 
 14 
 
SAN FERNANDO MISSION— CORRIDOR. 
 
 been founded, and, all told, 80,000 Indians had been brought into the fold 
 of the Christian faith. 
 
 In the seven Southern California Counties of to-day (Ventura, San Bernar- 
 dino, Riverside, Los Angeles, Orange, San Diego and Imperial) there were 
 six of these Missions, namely: San Buenaventura in Ventura County; San 
 Fernando and San Gabriel in Los Angeles County; San Juan Capistrano 
 in Orange County; San Luis Rey and San Diego in San Diego County. 
 The Assistencias or sub-Missions of Pala and Santa Ysabel are also in San 
 Diego County. The ruins of a sub-Mission are also near Redlands in San 
 Bernardino County. 
 
 These old Missions built by the Franciscan Fathers along El Camino 
 Real, the King's Highway, and conducted l<y them for a period of SO years, 
 are antecedent to that civilization, that coinmercial and industrial progress, 
 and certainly all that romance of history which makes Southern California 
 the most wonderful and fascinating spot in the world to-day. It was 
 through the Missions that irrigation was first introduced — the greatest of 
 all the factors that caused Southern California to grow. They were, in 
 their time, the hospices of the land, in which the stranger found shelter and 
 food without price to pay. Around them grew the first orange groves. 
 And now Southern California practically supplies the world with oranges. 
 The fig and the vine clustered about their gray and stately walls. No less 
 than fifty-four European trades and crafts were followed by the civilized 
 
 15 
 
==4g] 
 
 Indians — a whole race rescued from heathenism well within the course of 
 a man's ordinary lifetime — who were gathered into the Mission folds. 
 They produced for us a distinctive architecture which is peerless in its 
 beauty and practical utility. It is in the Mission ruins that we must delve 
 to find the beginning of Southern California's greatness. 
 
 In 1833, seventeen years before California became a sovereign state of 
 the American Union, the government of Mexico put into effect its fatal 
 policy of confiscating the Missions. The Indians with their spiritual and 
 material guides, the Franciscans, were driven out. The Missions and their 
 lands were sold at auction for the merest trifles compared with their value. 
 Years of decay followed upon this step— years of ruin and neglect, when 
 the roofs of the great hospices fell to the dust and the fields and orchards 
 were overgrown with weeds. 
 
 When the American came into possession, this ruin is what he found. 
 But he also saw a foundation in which he could build. "The padres", as 
 the Mission Fathers were called, had proved that the land, with the living 
 waters poured upon it, was as fertile as the Delta of the Nile. The climate, 
 changing so little from the year's beginning to its end, insured safety, health 
 and happiness. To the fair-haired, blue-eyed pioneer of another race, Cali- 
 fornia of the South looked from the first to be the earthly Paradise that it is. 
 
 Still, a full generation came and passed before American ambition and 
 enterprise were felt. The trans-continental railroad was not completed 
 until 1868. The magic of its touch had to be awaited before any real prog- 
 ress could be made. It had been a long journey by "prairie schooner" from 
 the Atlantic seaboard before the railway came. It was farther, even, by 
 sea around Cape Horn. 
 
 Now, with many transcontinental railways builded to and within her 
 gateways, and with the Panama Canal completed, it harks as a far cry, in- 
 deed, back to the days of the Spanish caretta and the ox teams of the Amer- 
 ican pioneers in California of the South. It is a far cry back to the days 
 when the journey from the Mission San Buenaventura to the Mission San 
 Diego was a matter of wearisome days on the back of even a good horse; 
 the same journey that now is a rpere matter of hours in an automobile 
 on paved boulevards, or that can be made with the wind on the railways or 
 the swift coast plying steamships at sea. 
 
 To the dweller within Southern California its romance is the romance 
 of the days of the Missions and the years of the Spanish era when the 
 kindly, hospitable and chivalrous Dons ruled the land. And, from purely 
 a romantic point of view, that was our golden age. The country was com- 
 posed of vast estates. Many of the patriarchal overlords each owned thou- 
 sands upon thousands of acres of hills and valleys that stretched between 
 the Mother Mountains and the Sea. At one time "in the days of the King," 
 it was said that Don Mario Antonio Lugo owned an estate that spread for a 
 distance of thirty leagues or more in length from the Mountain of the Ar- 
 rowhead to the crescent shore of the Bay of Santa Monica. No doubt those 
 were happy days, filled with the plenty of the bounteous soil, peaceful in the 
 isolation from an already mad world that was far away, bright with the eyes 
 
 16 
 
 =Hq1 
 
SAN GABRIEL 
 
=====© 
 
 of lovely senoritas and the gay trappings of their lovers, and musical with 
 the tinkle of guitars and the click of the castanets. 
 
 But to the eyes of the stranger from the outlands, the wonder of our 
 Southland, swept by warm suns and soft with the mists of the sometime 
 rains, must be the magical onward physical growth to be seen at every mile 
 from Ventura down through the shining vales and purpled hills to the Har- 
 bor of the Sun and the vast inland empire of Imperial County to the tawny 
 waters of the Colorado. 
 
 Beholding the teeming cities on the way, new roof trees and marts of 
 trade ever rising, fields snatched from desert wastes into bloom and blos- 
 som, the stranger well might suppose from his car window that the day is 
 near at hand when Southern California will have become the most densely 
 populated territory on the surface of the globe. There can be no doubt as 
 to the ultimate realization of such a prophecy. In no other spot are new 
 cities born with such rapidity; nowhere else are cities already born, so 
 rapidly increasing their population. 
 
 Even the beauty of the South is utilized in California. You will see a 
 snow-crowned mountain peak, and, far at its feet, green groves of olive, 
 orange, lemon, and the flame of every flower that grows. The snows of the 
 mountains are the power houses and the storage reservoirs of the land. 
 From them comes the waterfalls which the ingenuity of man has harnessed 
 to dynamos that light cities and towns far and near, the same waters irri- 
 gating the fields and orchards in perpetual bloom. Between the green val- 
 leys and the snows of the peaks is sounded the whole gamut of human need 
 and luxury — food, pleasure, light, health and all. Every accent and phase 
 of climate is there. You shall be warm or cool as you will, and whenever 
 you will. 
 
 And so, it is a magic land, our California of the South, so kindly to those 
 whom it shelters in its warm bosom. To the expatriate, fleeing another 
 clime where winter chills and summer burns, it is the escape from a struggle 
 against almost ceaseless climatic misery to undreamed of ease. It is a land 
 that disappoints no one. No man feels its caress ever to forget. It is 
 bright with suns and soft with stars and mellow moons the whole year 
 long. Its past is glamorous with memories, its future athrill with dreams 
 pre-destmed to come true. Of all the lands God fashioned, it is the best. 
 And, as of old, its arms are wide with welcome, its heart unwearied in its 
 love. To live long, and to live gladly, there is no other place to compare 
 with it. And it lies where he who will may find it, in the glow of the hills 
 of glory and the sunset flame of the sea. 
 
 18 
 
 = a^ 
 
Imperial County 
 
 MPERIAL COUNTY was the last County to be or- 
 ganized in the state of California. It was created 
 August ISth, 1907, out of the east half of San Diego 
 County and has an area of 4087 square miles. 
 
 It is bounded on the south by Mexico; on the 
 east by the Colorado River; on the north by River- 
 side County and on the west by San Diego County, 
 thus occupying the southwest corner of the state of 
 California. 
 
 When the world was created, Imperial Valley 
 Twas made different. Geologists tell that, inch by 
 [inch, through the ages internal pressure pushed up- 
 ward the walls of the Grand Canyon of the Colorado, 
 and inch by inch the mighty river cut through the obstruction and brought 
 the crushed particles to this great valley. Huinus from the gigantic vegeta- 
 tion, submerged in the dawn of time, volcanic ash, lime stone, sand stone 
 and granite were pulverized by the rushing waters, flower fine, and dis- 
 tributed layer upon layer, hundreds of feet deep over all the floor of the 
 Valley. 
 
 All rivers seek the ocean, and when the work of constructing this garden 
 was completed, when there was established beneath the broad surface of 
 waters the best possible grade for future irrigation, the river turned South- 
 ward to the sea. To many close observers, it is deemed remarkable that 
 this change in the course of the river occurred at the exact time necessary, 
 if this valley was ever to be inhabited and the soil tilled. But to those 
 who hold the faith that from the beginning there were no accidents, and 
 to whom, and for whom, all things are ordered wisely and well this valley 
 is a natural miracle, a manifestation of divine power and divine will exer- 
 cised for the good of mankind. 
 
 When Joseph was gathering the harvests of prosperous years to sup- 
 port the coming famine, in that other Imperial Valley, this land was lying 
 naked and forsaken, treeless and flowerless, . dry and dead as an Egyptian 
 mummy. When Columbus crossed the trackless sea to an undiscovered 
 country, and through , all the changes the years have since brought to the 
 New World, this land remained apparently lifeless and forever uninhabit- 
 able, a forbidding desert waste. For more than half a century after Cali- 
 fornia, the Golden, became the wonder and pride of the Union, this Valley 
 was as desolate as any spot in far Sahara. But in the dawn of the Twen- 
 tieth Century, the time of applied wisdom and achievements, a man came 
 who saw and understood. 
 
 He saw a mighty river wasting its waters of red gold. From the banks 
 of the river for a hundred miles spread the floor of the forgotten inland sea. 
 C. R. Rockwood was a fighting dreamer and with prophetic eyes he saw 
 
 19 
 
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 COTTON 
 
p= 
 
 "The Valley of Death" 
 changed to "The Hollow of 
 God's Hand." 
 
 For ten years longer the 
 Valley remained uninhabited 
 save for Rockwood's camp. 
 Ten years of grim relentless 
 fighting, from the time of the 
 vision to the beginning of 
 its realization. 
 
 Honor to Dr. Heffernan, 
 Anthony Heber and Hiram 
 Blaisdell, who gave freely of 
 their time and substance in 
 furtherance o f Rockwood's 
 hopes and plans, but Rock- 
 wood gave as well of his life, brains and soul. This, the greatest and 
 grandest irrigation enterprise ever conceived in the mind of man, was an 
 assured success as soon as the first water was delivered upon the first farm. 
 The power of this strange, strong soil to produce was something new in all 
 man's experience with land. As wider knowledge came, the surprise was 
 the more profound, the land seemed alive with inexhaustible productiveness. 
 There is no other country like Imperial Valley. The products of North 
 and South, of East and West, are equally at home here. Alfalfa and all 
 cereals produce marvelously upon lands that are as well adapted to Grapes, 
 
 ^& 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^^Kl 
 
 ^^g 
 
 ^^^^^K^ 
 
 1 ^^mH| 
 
 W^^^^n 
 
 I^^^M 
 
 ml^mB&ik 
 
 mmBP 
 
 KAFFIR CORN 
 
 AN IRRIGATING CANAL 
 
 21 
 
=»»^ 
 
 IMPERIAL VALLEY COTTON FIELD 
 
 COTTON BALED FOR SHIPMENT 
 
 22 
 
Citrus fruits, Olives, Cotton, Dates, 
 Melons and all manner of vegetables. 
 Combined with this super-productive- 
 ness is a climate which matures 
 calves, pigs, colts, and all manner of 
 poultry in a very much shorter period 
 of time than is required for a like 
 growth in most localities. 
 
 Needless to say, land which pro- 
 duces such an abundance of life, ani- 
 mal and vegetable, perforce, must enjoy a climate healthful to both and all. 
 During the past ten years approximately .two hundred seventy-five thou- 
 sand acres have been re- 
 claimed and farmed. These 
 lands all respond readily to 
 intensive cultivation. The 
 '■ dry warm days make vege- 
 tables sweet and tender, and 
 produce highly flavored lus- 
 cious fruit. Early in Febru- 
 ary the first asparagus in 
 the United States is for- 
 warded from here, by ex- 
 press, to Eastern markets. 
 Carloads follow in March 
 and April. Four hundred 
 dollars an acre profit is not 
 
 FROM DESERT TO ORCHARD 
 
 23 
 
 ==m 
 
EGYPTIAN WHEAT 
 
 unusual. Early in May Cantaloupes and Water Melons by the million 
 crates start Eastward; conceded by consumers to be the finest melons 
 grown at any season, anywhere in the World. May also brings an abund- 
 ance of the largest and most luscious of Apricots. Late in June or early 
 in July, Grapes by the carload, reach New York. In October, Dates, 
 Oranges, Lemons and Grape Fruit sweeten and mature. Grape Fruit merits 
 
 IMPERIAL VALLEY TURKEYS 
 
 24 
 
 =o 
 
A DAIRY HERD 
 
 special consideration. It equals the very best fruit grown anywhere. The 
 trees grow straight, strong, and dark green, free from all diseases and scale. 
 Every season here is a good Grape Fruit season for every tree in the Valley. 
 Soil, climate and water conditions are perfect for production in abundance 
 of this fruit, which is rapidly becoming recognized as a good health necessity. 
 Lemon trees produce unusually well, and the fruit matures in Septem- 
 ber and October, months when lemons always command top prices. 
 
 HOGS FATTEN ON ALFALFA 
 
 25 
 
[^ 
 
 GOATS 
 
 Orange culture is also engaging its share of interest. Early maturity 
 makes this industry safe and very profitable. The Olive Industry is fast 
 assuming large proportions and bids fair to be one of the leading industries. 
 
 No roster of the Valley fruits would be complete without especial atten- 
 tion to the very superior Dates grown in this section. The United States an- 
 nually imports two and a quarter million dollars worth of Dates. This 
 Valley is destined to abolish absolutely all importation. 
 
 BEEF CATTLE BEING PREPARED FOR MARKET 
 
 0= 
 
 26 
 
 =© 
 
SHEEP 
 
 Very much better fruit can be grown here at a price lower than imported 
 fruit costs and still prove immensely profitable. 
 
 The cotton industry is but five years old. The first bale was ginned in 
 1909. This enterprise grew .steadily until 1913, when there were 20,000 
 acres producing 22,000 bales, a little better than a bale to the acre. In 1914, 
 the acreage was 50,000 with an estimated yield of 60,000 bales, which at an 
 average price would be worth $5,500,000 , including by-products. Every 
 known variety flourishes here and the cotton industry is found to be one 
 of the great possibilities of this American Egypt. 
 
 Our incomparable Cotton received highest award for short staple cotton 
 in competition with the finest products of the entire Southern cotton grow- 
 ing region in New York in 1910, the prize being a $1,000 silver cup. This 
 year all standing records for early cotton were shattered when the first bale 
 was ginned several days earlier than any hitherto known. 
 
 The honey industry of Imperial Valley stands out very prominently. 
 A super-abundance of Alfalfa is at hand the year round, enabling the busy 
 
 DAIRY cows FEEDING ON ALFALFA 
 
 27 
 
•,yjt^X<. .".'. 
 
 bees of the 15,000 hives in 
 the Valley to produce 750 
 tons of delicious honey in 
 1914, An average of 120 
 pounds to the stand, and 
 bringing $75,000 annually to 
 the bee-men of the county. 
 The largest part of this is 
 clear profit, since they have 
 never had to contend with 
 epidemics of any description 
 among the bees. 
 
 However, while the fore- 
 going statements are plain 
 and simple facts relating to 
 the different industries, the 
 planting o f orchards and 
 vineyards requires time and 
 Imperial Valley remains to- 
 day pre-eminently a stock 
 
 feeding and dairying country. Seventy thousand beeves were marketed 
 from this Valley in 1913. Dairymen received two and a half million dollars 
 from the product of thirty thousand dairy cows giving this county a rating 
 of first in the State in the output of butter. Seventy-five thousand head 
 of sheep were marketed the same year, and a hundred thousand hogs followed 
 them to supply the ever increasing demand for "Valley fattened" meat. 
 
 Imperial Valley is becoming famous for her Turkeys, now being the 
 source of supply for markets of the whole Southwest, since nowhere can 
 birds be found to compare with her's with respect to size and deliciously 
 juicy meat. Turkeys alone netted the valley $175,000 last year, while other 
 poultry, including eggs, brought us $300,000. 
 
 While the progress and agricultural pursuits read like fiction, it is in- 
 comparable to the educational advancement. In 1902, just twelve short 
 years ago, there was but one small school, while today there are five High 
 Schools with 40 teachers and 41 Elementary Schools with 98 teachers and 
 
 28 
 
 =m 
 
■■g:y.'.;.:gBeaa«fe 
 
 SOME IMPERIAL COUNTY ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS 
 
, SOME OF IMPERIAL'S CHURCHES 
 
 2.447 pupils. As an illustration of the matchless prosperity and growth of 
 this County, the population in 1910 was 13,591, while in 1914 it is conser- 
 vatively estimated to have a population of 50,000 people. The assessed 
 property valuation of 1910 was $9,000,000 and in 1914, $31,569,632, with 
 a tax rate of $1.90 and having no bonded or other indebtedness. 
 
 k 
 
 WATER. 
 
 Most of the water for Imperial Valley comes from the Colorado River. 
 The territory of the valley has been organized into 12 separate water dis- 
 tricts, each one governed by a board of directors elected by the water stock- 
 holders of the district. The directors of ten of these districts purchase 
 water from the California Development Company at a fixed price of 50 
 cents per acre foot and deliver it to the water stockholders at the same 
 price. The expense of administration, upkeep of canals and betterment of 
 system is met by an annual assessment that has never exceeded $2.00 per 
 
 30 
 
acre for any one year. The maximum amount of water required for or- 
 dinary crops is four acre feet. The average cost throughout the valley is 
 $3.50 per acre per annum. 
 
 MINERAL WEALTH. 
 
 Imperial County is rich in mineral deposits but only a small amount of 
 development work has been done. There is an abundance of fine clays on 
 the western rim of the County, a thousand acres of fine gypsum and a ver- 
 itable mountain of marble, all idle for want of "development and lack of 
 transportation, all of which it is hoped will be remedied in the near future. 
 
 There exists in the Coyote Mountain on the western edge of the county, 
 gold, nickel, sulphur, marble and violite, the latter a beautiful oranmental 
 stone. There has been found in this region, garnet, hyacinth and other 
 gem stones of good quality and value. In the northern part of the County is 
 a large deposit of pumice stone. 
 
 CITIES. 
 
 The five principal cities of the Valley are El Centre, Imperial, Calexico, 
 Brawley and Holtville. 
 
 These towns are all alive and progressive, with an active Chamber of 
 Commerce in each. All are well supplied with gas, electricity and tele- 
 phone service, which reaches every part of the Valley. They are supplied 
 with fine schools and churches, while almost every line of mercantile busi- 
 ness is well represented. 
 
 The people in each town are genuine boosters, and while there is no 
 rivalry, an excellent emulative spirit is ever present. 
 
 GOOD ROADS 
 
 31 
 
==^^ 
 
 A BUSINESS STREET 
 
 There are five smaller towns in the Valley, each of which will, in the not 
 distant future, give a good account of itself. 
 
 EL CENTRO. 
 
 El Centro, the County Seat, is the youngest of the five leading towns. 
 Its growth has been phenomenal, and property values have advanced by 
 leaps and bounds. Her 7000 people are alive to every interest for her 
 advancement. The main streets are paved and there are miles of sidewalk 
 and curbing. Almost every line of business is well represented. 
 
 The following will give the reader an idea of the Unbelievable strides 
 taken by this marvelous little city, the very antithesis of Rome, in that the 
 course of its entire construction has only occupied the brief space of seven 
 years. But little more than a day in the calendar of history. 
 
 She now has three banks, six hotels, including the Barbara Worth, 
 modern in every respect and costing $230,000, a beautiful high school repre- 
 senting an outlay of $100,000, county and city library, with twenty-six 
 county library stations, four grammar schools, nine churches, a large ice 
 factoiry, two cotton gins, oil mill, alfalfa meal mill, two creameries, steam 
 laundry, wholesale bakery, wholesale grocery, a large brick plant, and opera 
 house. 
 
 El Centro is the wonder of all comers, and her future is exceptionally 
 bright. 
 
 32 
 
IMPERIAL. 
 
 Imperial, situated four miles north of El Centro, is the oldest town in 
 the county, and has a population of 3500. The town is substantially built, 
 having two miles of paved streets, and eighteen miles of sidewalks and 
 curbing. This is a decided business center, and her freight business is 
 enormous. Imperial has a monthly pay roll of $150,000. 
 
 The city is supplied with two banks, two hotels, a high school, cost- 
 ing $75,000 and surrounded by the most beautiful grounds of any in 
 the Valley, three grammar schools, five churches, opera house, two cotton 
 gins, a cotton compress, a large packing house, steam laundry, the largest 
 creamery in the Valley, a daily paper, bottling works, soap factory, a public 
 library, and the largest implement house in the Valley. All other lines are 
 well represented and there is a general air of prosperity about the entire 
 city. 
 
 CALEXICO. 
 
 Calexico, situated on the International line, is a thriving town of 3,000 
 boosters, who leave no stone unturned to advance the interests of the town. 
 
 Calexico holds the proud position of second port of entry of the great 
 Southwest. This is occasioned by the great amount of cotton grown just 
 across the line in Mexico, and which is brought into Calexico for ginning. 
 
 The U. S. Customs and Immigration office is located here. She is the 
 leader in the cotton industry on both sides of the line, and has a promising 
 future. The following list is of value in conveying an idea of her commer- 
 
 AN IMPERIAL VALLEY STREET SCENE 
 
 33 
 
ONE OF THE CANALS 
 
 cial importance. She has two banks, two hotels, three churches, a news- 
 paper, high school, costing $60,000, two grammar schools, eight cotton gins, 
 one cotton compress, one oil mill, an alfalfa meal mill, creamery, laundry 
 and public library. No town in the Valley has more vim and energy than 
 Calexico, and good results are sure to follow. 
 
 BRAWLEY. 
 
 Brawley, noted all over the United States for her large and excellent 
 output of Cantaloupes, has a population of 2800 energetic citizens. 
 
 The following partial list of her enterprises will prove that Brawley is 
 alive to her best interests; three banks, two hotels, $65,000 high school, 
 grammar school, seven churches, daily newspaper, cotton gin, ice factory, 
 creamery, laundry and public library. Brawley has caught the spirit of 
 development of everything else in Imperial Valley and her shadow will 
 never grow less. 
 
 HOLTVILLE. 
 
 Holtville is noted for her hospitality. This is due in a measure to her 
 grand New Year's Fiesta, on which day she becomes hostess to the entire 
 valley, feeding them on hundreds of fat Turkeys, the aroma of whose cook- 
 ing permeates the atmosphere for blocks around, whetting the apetites of 
 her 12,000 guests who enjoyed her hospitality and mince-pies last year. 
 
 The people of HoltviHe are justly proud of their thriving town and ad- 
 jacent country, with her alfalfa fields yielding eight crops yearly averaging 
 
 34 
 
more than one ton to the acre at each cutting, and extend a standine invi- 
 tation to friends and investors. Holtville rests on a sound business founda- 
 tion and has two banks, a $75,000 high school, two grammar schools, five 
 churches, two newspapers, the Holton power plant, which, until recently, 
 has furnished the light and power for the entire Valley, two cotton gins, 
 ice plant, two creameries, a hotel and a public library. 
 
 HEBER. 
 
 Of the five smaller towns are Heber, on the main line of the Southern 
 Pacific, between El Centro and Calexico. Heber is rapidly coming to make 
 Brawley s Cantaloupe Crown rest uneasily, as her output is increasing bv 
 leaps and bounds. She has one bank, hotel, creamery and newspaper, in 
 addition to being the date growing center of the A^allev. 
 
 SEELEY. 
 
 Seeley, lying in the center of a great cotton growing country, has de- 
 veloped rapidly within the past three years, now having one bank, hotel, 
 newspaper, two cotton gins, and two solid blocks of thriving business 
 houses. 
 
 DIXIELAND. 
 
 Dixieland, lying on the W'estside high-line canal is the first Valley town 
 reached coming across from San Diego, and will be the first stopping place 
 of the San Diego & Arizona Railroad. It is destined to be one of the Val- 
 ley's leading towns, and is only waiting the arrival of the railroad, to put 
 in a bid for the vast amount of products being carried to the other towns 
 for shipment. 
 
 IMPERIAL VALLEY HAS GOOD RESIDENCES 
 
 35 
 
=*© 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY 
 
 NILAND AND CALIPATRIA. 
 Niland and Calipatria, the North end towns, have experienced marvelous 
 growth considering their age, not yet one year, and are surrounded by 
 thousands of acres of fertile land, which, when all under cultivation, will 
 render them two of the most important of the Valley towns. They already 
 have several very substantial buildings and numerous business enterprises. 
 
 SOME COUNTY STATISTICS. 
 The County Horticultural Commissioner gives the following data on the 
 fruit trees now growing : 
 
 Variety: Bearing Trees: Non-bearing: Total: 
 
 Almond 1,120 436 1,556 
 
 Apple 1,140 499 1,639 
 
 Apricot 28,458 9,809 38,267 
 
 Fig 8,720 4,615 13,335 
 
 Lemons 1,150 755 1,905 
 
 Olives 4,640 13,195 17,835 
 
 Orange 6.570 10,330 16,900 
 
 Peach 11,240 2,880 14,120 
 
 Pear 8,170 3,380 11,550 
 
 Plum 2,220 1,660 3,880 
 
 Pomegranate 700 700 
 
 Pomelo ,.. 1,120 8,871 9,991 
 
 Edible date 1,090 1,090 
 
 Non-edible date 25,460 25,460 
 
 36 
 
The following shipments were made from the valley between June 30th, 
 1912, and June 30th, 1913. 
 
 Hay 32,540 tons 
 
 Barley 11,330 
 
 Corn 3,300 
 
 Cotton 1,920 
 
 Meal 
 
 Honey 
 
 Wheat 
 
 Other grain 
 
 Onions 
 
 Tomatoes .. 
 
 930 
 740 
 270 
 210 
 200 
 116 
 
 Broom Corn 
 
 Apricots 
 
 Potatoes 
 
 Beans 
 
 Raisins 
 
 50 tons 
 
 50 " 
 
 30 " 
 
 15 " 
 
 15 " 
 
 Cantaloupes 4,423 carloads 
 
 Cattle 1,110 " 
 
 Hogs 545 •■ 
 
 Sheep 342 
 
 Horses 28 " 
 
 DAIRY, LIVE STOCK, POULTRY. 
 
 There were 32,000 dairy cows and 9 creameries in the valley, and the 
 shipment of butter for the same year was 6,656,000 pounds; the average 
 price received was 34c per pound, bringing to the valley $2,263,040. 
 
 The estimated number of hogs in the valley is 30,000 head, that of sheep 
 32,000 head. There were 70,000 head of beef fattened in the valley, and 
 there are 18,000 colonies of bees that will produce 150 pounds of honey each, 
 a total of 2,700,000 pounds that at five cents per pound will bring $135,000. 
 
 The poultry industry is of some importance. There are 114,060 laying 
 hens in the valley producing 1,368,750 dozen eggs per annum, valued at 
 
 ANOTHER BUSINESS STREET 
 
 37 
 
*=igl 
 
 $342,187.50. The number of turkeys is estimated as high as 65,000 birds. 
 The turkeys shipped are large, averaging 15 pounds each, bringing 15c per 
 pound or $2.55 for each bird. 
 
 CLIMATIC DATA. 
 Period of 8 years— Station, Calexico ; County, Imperial: Elevation, ft. 
 
 Temperature — Mean. 
 
 Jan., 53.5; Feb., 58.1; March, 63.3; April, 70.1; May, 75.1; June, 83.3; 
 
 July, 89.5; Aug. 89.5; Sept. 83.4; Oct., 72.2; Nov., 61.7; Dec, 52.8; Annual 
 
 71.0. 
 
 Mean Maximum. 
 
 Jan., 66.5; Feb., 70.4; March, 77 .':>■, April, 86.1; May, 92.2; June, 99.3; 
 
 July, 103.6; Aug., 103.4; Sept., 98.0; Oct., 87.0; Nov., 75.3; Dec, 65.4; 
 
 Annual, 65.3. 
 
 Mean jNlinimum. 
 
 Jan.,42.2; Feb., 44.8; March, 51.1; April, 55.6; May, 58.8; June, 67.0; 
 
 Julv, 77.2; Aug., 76.6; Sept., 69.4; Oct., 58.1; Nov., ^7 j \ Dec, 49.9; Annual, 
 
 57.4. 
 
 Precipitation. 
 
 July, 0.06; Aug., 0.68; Sept., 0.09; Oct., 0.20; Nov., 0.35; Dec, 0.40; 
 Jan., 0.35; Feb., 0.88: March, 0.33; April, 0.10: May, 0.10; June, 0.04; Sea- 
 sonal, 3.58. 
 
 Weather. 
 
 Average number days with 0.01 inch rain : 
 
 Jan., 1; Feb., 3; March, 1; April, 1; May, 0; June, 0; July, 1; Aug., 1; 
 Sept., 1; Oct., 1; Nov., 1; Dec, 2; Total for Year, 13. 
 
 For any further information address any Chamber of Commerce or 
 Board of Trade in Imperial County. 
 
 ONE OF THE MANY PUBLIC LIBRARIES 
 
 38 
 
Los Angeles County 
 
 ilOS ANGELES is one of the original twenty-eight 
 counties of the State of California and was created 
 February 18th, 1850. It contains 4067 square miles 
 of territory and is bounded on the south by the Pa- 
 cific Ocean and Orange County; on the east by San 
 Bernardino and Orange Counties ; on the north by 
 Kern and Ventura Counties and on the west by Ven- 
 tura County and the Pacific Ocean. 
 
 The total acreage in the county is 2,602,880 acres, 
 of which 1,302,400 acres is agricultural land. In 
 soils all the different varieties of loam, clay, sand, 
 silt and adobe are found. 
 
 The growth of Los Angeles County has been most 
 marvelous. From a population of only a few thousand in 1880 it has grown 
 to more than 750,000 with an assessed valuation for the year 1914 of $850,- 
 018,595. The total tax rate exclusive of special taxes for the same year 
 was $1.25 on the $100 valuation. 
 
 The bonded debt is $3,500,000. The value of property owned by the 
 county is $24,777,949.23, which includes the Court House, Hall of Records, 
 Hospital, Farm, Museum, Juvenile Hall and other necessary county 
 buildings. 
 
 This county has one of the finest systems of roads in the world, having 
 lately completed over 300 miles of modern highways at a cost of $3,500,000. 
 There are 35,659 automobiles in this countv. 
 
 j^. 
 
 A^? 
 
 I 
 
 IIhi 
 
 i'-^'^&HH^^H^^DB 
 
 ^^S 
 
 
 Variety 
 Oranges .. 
 Lemons — . 
 Grapefruit 
 
 CITRUS FRUIT ACREAGE IN THE COUNTY. 
 
 Bearing 
 
 _ _._ _. . _ 25,734 
 
 5,079 
 
 92 
 
 30,905 
 
 ■f on-bearing 
 
 Total 
 
 5,161 
 
 30,895 
 
 4,403 
 
 9,482 
 
 8 
 
 100 
 
 9,572 
 
 40,477 
 
 DECIDUOUS FRUIT ACREAGE IN COUNTY, 
 
 Apples 
 
 Apricots . . 
 
 Peaches 
 
 Pears 
 
 Plums 
 
 Pomegranates 
 
 Figs 
 
 Miscellaneous 
 
 953 
 
 2,079 
 
 4,123 
 
 246 
 
 596 
 
 1,069 
 
 137 
 
 366 
 
 Totals 9,569 
 
 419 
 
 540 
 
 1,081 
 
 651 
 
 63 
 
 1 
 759 
 
 3,514 
 
 1,372 
 
 2,579 
 
 5,204 
 
 897 
 
 659 
 
 1,069 
 
 138 
 
 1,125 
 
 13.043 
 
 39 
 
GOOD ROADS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
Olives 1,309 462 1,771 
 
 Walnuts 8,730 1,730 10,460 
 
 Almonds 640 640 
 
 Grapes 3,077 3,077 
 
 Citrus 30,905 9,572 40,477 
 
 Grand Total of acreage in fruits, nuts and vines, 69,608. 
 
 Los Angeles County shipped during the season ending September 1st, 
 1914, 14,256 carloads of oranges and lemons, the estimated value of the entire 
 citrus crop of the county being $10,000,000. 
 
 The estimated value of the deciduous fruit crop was $1,500,000, and of the 
 olive crop $200,000. 
 
 For the season of 1913, the walnut growers shipped 6,591,686 pounds of 
 nuts, the total crop being 7,730,000 pounds with a value of $1,082,200. 
 
 There are 16,000 acres of alfalfa in the county that during twelve months 
 will produce $1,280,000 worth of hay, there are also 16,000 acres of sugar 
 beet fields good for $1,000,000; 6,666 acres of beans producing a crop valued 
 at $400,000; and grain and hay 85,000 acres worth $1,000,000. 
 
 STOCK. 
 
 •Stock cattle 23,805 head 
 
 Horses 28,154 " 
 
 Mules 9,589 •■ 
 
 Hogs 8,248 ■• 
 
 Sheep 3,502 '• 
 
 Goats 863 - 
 
 There are over 15,000 dairy cows producing 200,000 pounds of milk 
 per day. Six creameries handle the milk, but no butter or cheese is made. 
 
 POULTRY. 
 
 There are 350,000 laying hens in the county. 
 Annual revenue from eggs and poultry, $1,384,000. 
 
 The normal honey output is 2,000,000 pounds per annum, 
 
 valued at $100,000 
 
 Beeswax valued at 26,000 
 
 The total value of apiary product $126,000 
 
 Number of colonies of bees, 25,500. 
 
 Perhaps the newest important industry is that of Tuna canning. There 
 are eleven canning plants in operation with an estimated output for 1914 
 valued at $2,225,000. 
 
 INDUSTRIAL SITUATION. 
 
 A conservative estimate places the number of manufacturing plants 
 above-2,000 with a payroll- of over 21,000 people, an aggregate invested 
 capital of over $125,000,000 with an annual output valued at $157,000,000. 
 
 41 
 
GOOD ROADS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
p= 
 
 The Industrial Bureau of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce has 
 just issued a "Los Angeles manufacturers' directory and commodity index" 
 which contains much useful information. An illustrated booklet setting 
 forth the opportunities offered and the advantages of Los Angeles as a 
 logical manufacturing center will also be mailed by this Bureau upon 
 request. Special detailed information will be furnished prospective inves- 
 tors on application. Address Industrial Bureau, Los Angeles Chamber of 
 Commerce. 
 
 MINERAL RESOURCES. 
 
 There are more than sixty minerals, exclusive of the rock-forming min- 
 erals, found in Los Angeles County. This article, however, will treat but 
 briefly of the value to the community at large of our production of petro- 
 leum, brick, clays, borax, stone, road metal, and other non-metallic mineral 
 products of commercial importance. 
 
 Petroleum. The existence of petroleum in California has been known 
 for many years. In 1850 Andreas Pico collected and distilled seepage oil, 
 which was used in the San Fernando Mission ; in 1867 we have the first 
 recorded shipment from Pico Canyon of twelve barrels; and in 1874 the 
 output is said to have been as high as ten barrels per day. This oil was 
 produced entirely from seepages. The first producing well was drilled on 
 the Pico claim in 1875. The City of Los Angeles entered the ranks as an 
 oil center when E. L. Doheny "brought in" his first well, in 1892, which 
 was drilled by hand. In 1912 the latest available statistics, Los Angeles 
 County produced 4,484,590 barrels of oil. 
 
 Crushed Rock — Sand and Gravel. Los Angeles County leads all other 
 counties in the State in the production of crushed rock, sand and gravel, 
 with a total valuation for the year 1912, of $955,688. 
 
 Brick— Clay. In 1912, California produced brick valued at $2,940,290, 
 and of this amount Los Angeles County contributed the grand total of 
 $1,692,258. The following table shows the distribution of the brick in- 
 dustry in this county for 1912 : 
 
 Common Pressed, Fire Glazed Sand Lime Miscellaneous 
 
 Amt. M. Value Amt. M. Value Amt. M. Value Amt. M. Value 
 
 79,234 $507,836 20,300 $710,164 496 $3,320 74,832 $470,938 
 
 There are possibilities in both the feldspar and clay industries in this 
 county. 
 
 Borax. California furnishes the entire output of the world of this most 
 valuable ore, the refined product of which is used in so many of the arts, 
 trades and sciences. Los Angeles County has the second largest produc- 
 ing mine, located about forty-five miles from Los Angeles, which has ore 
 "blocked" sufficient to run their plant for a period of seven years with 
 approximateh' eight years of "probable ore" in addition. The product is 
 shipped direct to Europe and to the company's refinery at Pittsburg, Penn. 
 
 43 
 
=€1 
 
 i 
 
 The State Mining Bureau shows the value of the commercial produc- 
 tion in Los Angeles County for 1912 of the following minerals and mineral 
 products : 
 
 Petroleum $2,798,384 
 
 Brick 1,692,258 
 
 Stone 955,668 
 
 Natural Gas 78,672 
 
 Salt 46,370 
 
 Clay 12,028 
 
 Mineral Water 6,333 
 
 Gems 3,000 
 
 Glass Sand 1,800 
 
 Grand Total of $5,594,513 
 
 PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 The following statistics are furnished by the County Superintendent of 
 Public Schools. 
 
 Kindergarten Common High Total 
 
 No. of School districts (part of common) 1S5 27 182 
 
 No. of houses 18 601 83 702 
 
 Value of property $37,100 $12,745,988 $5,741,850 $18,524,938 
 
 Average daily attendance 4,836 74,036 15,030 93,902 
 
 Teachers employed 247 2,848 936 4,031 
 
 Enrollment in private schools 15,829 
 
 The County Free Library is supported by a .3 of a mill tax on such por- 
 tions of the county as maintain no local free library. For the year just 
 closed this tax yielded an income of $47,625.27. This library contains 
 about 50,000 volumes, with the State Library to draw upon. There are 
 already eighty branches in towns and rural communities, each with a de- 
 posit of from fifty to fifteen thousand books. The circulation through 
 these branches totals 25,000 a month. 
 
 Following this general review of the county we shall describe more par- 
 ticularly the cities and localities that have helped make Los Angeles the 
 first county in the state in point of wealth and population. 
 
 WATTS. 
 Watts, located a few miles south of Los Angeles, has a population of 
 4000, modern stores, cosy homes, substantial churches, fine grammar school 
 building with 500 pupils and 17 teachers, a weekly newspaper and Board 
 of Trade. 
 
 LONG BEACH. 
 Long Beach, 22 miles south of Los Angeles, has a population of 48,375, 
 and is reached by the Southern Pacific, Salt Lake and Pacific Electric rail- 
 roads and two macadam boulevards. The city is built on an elevated table 
 land overlooking the ocean. The average temperature is 55 degrees in 
 winter and 65 degrees in summer. 
 
 44 
 
Long Beach has modern 
 business blocks, metropol- 
 itan stores, 38 miles of paved 
 and well lighted streets, 26 
 miles of sewers. It has a 
 municipal water system, the 
 supply of water being ample. 
 
 There are elegant man- 
 sions and typical bungalow 
 homes surrounded with 
 lawns and flowers. There 
 are 45 churches and scores 
 of social and fraternal soci- 
 eties. 
 
 In educational facilities, 
 Long Beach ranks high. 
 There is a polytechnic high 
 school building costing $280,- 
 000. 
 
 The city also contains one 
 college, two private schools, 
 and 14 grammar schools 
 erected at a cost of $700,000. 
 The number of pupils en- 
 rolled is 8068, and teachers 
 employed 205. 
 
 The Carnegie Public Li- 
 brary is an imposing build- 
 ing containing valuable re- 
 ference books and choice 
 literature. 
 
 The assessed valuation of 
 the city for 1914 was $30,- 
 369,838. The aggregate de- 
 posits of its seven banks on 
 June 30th, 1914, amounted 
 to $7,4^5,855.85. 
 
 The low lands on the 
 west near the center of the 
 city have been transformed 
 into a land locked harbor, 
 with a turning basin 1400 
 feet in diameter extending 
 from which are three laterals 
 or channels. Here are lo- 
 cated 44 industrial plants 
 employing 1452 people with 
 
 FERN FALLS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 45 
 
a monthly payroll of $103,- 
 810. The amount of capital 
 invested is $5,588,000. 
 
 Important industries are 
 the Craig Ship Building 
 plant with its floating dry 
 dock; the Star Drilling Ma- 
 chinery Co., the Southern 
 California Edison Co., two 
 Tuna canning factories ; the 
 California Woolen Mills ; 
 The American Potash Co. ; 
 the last named a unique en- 
 terprise, the only one of its 
 kind in the world, namely 
 that of making successfully, 
 potash from kelp. 
 
 Long Beach early saw 
 the advantage of a munici- 
 pally owned wharf and one 
 wasb-uilt at a cost of $245,- 
 000, having a hatbor frontage 
 of 2241.26 feet. Few har- 
 bors have better railroad fa- 
 cilities. The attractions provided for tourists are varied and complete. 
 There are IS good hote-ls including the Virginia, built at a cost of over 
 $l;00O,00O. Apartment houses to the number 350 have accommodations for 
 25,000 guests. 
 
 There is an 1800 foot pleasure pier and a bath house with the largest 
 salt water plunge in Southern' California. 
 
 The city has 7 parks and a municipal band of 35 pieces gi\'ing daily con- 
 certs all the year, also many other attractions found in up-to-date beach resorts. 
 
 RESIDENCE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 PALM DRIVE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 HUNTINGTON PARK. 
 Huntington Park, at an 
 elevation of 170 feet, has a 
 population of 3400. It has 
 splendid business blocks and 
 paved streets, a city hall, 
 beautiful homes, commodi- 
 ous churches, both high and 
 grammar schools with 717 
 pupils and 30 teachers. 
 
 WHITTIER. 
 W'hittier is located 17 
 miles southeast of Los An- 
 
 46 
 
GOOD ROADS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 geles at an elevation of 200 
 feet. The population is 7000. 
 There are good hotels, 2 
 banks with deposits aggre- 
 gating $2,000,000, 3 public 
 halls, 3 theaters, a daily 
 paper, Board of Trade and 
 Commercial Club. 
 
 A splendid city band 
 gives weekly concerts in 
 Central Park, one of the five 
 improved public parks. Its 
 electric light plant, sewef 
 system, gas and municipal 
 water plant are all modern. 
 In educational facilities it 
 has 3 elementary school 
 buildings costing $100,000, with 860 pupils and 30 teachers; a $150,000 group 
 of high school buildings in which there are 500 pupils and 25 teachers ; and 
 a college supported by the Society of Friends. There is also a free public 
 library. 
 
 There are more than a score of secret and fraternal organizations, the 
 Masons, Odd Fellows, Elks, Knights of Pythias and Womans Club, all own 
 fine buildings and others are comfortably located. 
 
 The city has within its limits and adjoining 11,516 acres of highly de- 
 veloped fruit and nut orchards, and back of it in the hills an extensive oil 
 field. There are in the district, more than 4497 acres of bearing citrus 
 groves, 6299 acres of walnut groves, with one walnut and three fruit pack- 
 ing houses. 
 
 The \'\'hittier Citrus Fruit Growers Association has a large well equipped 
 orange packing house and a lemon curing and packing house with a capacity 
 of ten cars of fruit at one curing. The normal season shipment of this 
 association is 850 cars. 
 
 Market gardening is car- 
 ried on extensively. The 
 Whittier vegetable growers 
 association handles the pro- 
 ducts of 340 acres from their 
 packing house, located at 
 Evergreen. Tomatoes are 
 the favorite crop, 600 tons 
 being shipped in 1913. There 
 are hundreds of acres of lima 
 and black eye beans grown 
 on the foothills and sufficient 
 alfalfa in the valley to sup- 
 ply the local d.emand. 
 
 SANTA ROSA AVE.— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 
 
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 47 
 
PARK SCENES— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
ORANGE GROVE AVE. 
 
 The Avocado, a compar- 
 atively little known fruit, is 
 very popular, one man hav- 
 ing planted SO acres and 
 others are inter-planting 
 citrus groves with it. 
 
 In pre-cooling the many 
 fruit cars, large quantities of 
 ice are required and 20 men 
 are employed by the Whit- 
 tier Ice Company in supply- 
 ing the demand. 
 
 The Pathological Labor- 
 atory of the University of 
 California, located at Whit- 
 tier in 1905, has proven a great public benefit in the scientific study of plant 
 life and diseases of fruit. 
 
 The water supply for this district comes from the San Gabriel River, 
 and community owned pumping plants in wells ranging in depth from 500 
 to 1000 feet. The Ranchita and other localities served by the original 
 gravity system get water at a maximum cost of $3.00 per acre per annum. 
 Those under the pumping systems are supplied at from $15 to $20 per acre 
 per annum. 
 
 Bearing orchards, orange or lemon, sell at from $3000 to $5000 per acre; 
 walnut groves at from $1000 to $1500 per acre. 
 
 Whittier is the pioneer oil field of the county and has been a steady pro- 
 ducer of light gravity oil for more than 20 years. 
 
 DOWNEY. 
 
 Downey is located on the Southern Pacific railroad 13 miles south of 
 Los Angeles, elevation 111 feet, population 1800. It is a thriving com- 
 munity with stores, hotel, 
 newspaper and Board of 
 Trade. 
 
 There are both high and 
 grammar schools with 320 
 pupils and 15 teachers. Free 
 Library, and ample church 
 facilities. The resources of 
 the community are citrus 
 fruits, deciduous fruits, nuts, 
 berries, vegetables, poultry 
 and dairies. 
 
 COMPTON. 
 Compton lies 10 miles 
 south of Los Angeles, eleva- 
 
 PALM DRIVE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
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 BUNGALOW. LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 tion 66 feet, population 950. 
 There are stores, church, 
 public library, high and 
 grammar schools, Avith 500 
 pupils and 20 teachers, 
 weekly newspaper and a 
 Chamber of Commerce. The 
 principal products are alfal- 
 fa, sugar beets, vegetables, 
 dairies and poultry. 
 
 XORWALK, 
 
 Xorwalk, lies southeast 
 of Los Angeles 10 miles, ele- 
 ^'ation 92 feet ; population 
 500. There are stores, high and grammar schools, with 175 pupils and 10 
 teachers. There are ample church facilities, a hotel, weekly newspaper, 
 commercial club, and Free Library. The products are walnuts, alfalfa, 
 sugar beets, vegetables, dairy and poultry. 
 
 ARTESIA. 
 
 Artesia, lies southeast of Los Angeles 19 miles, elevation 61 feet, popu- 
 lation 500. There are stores, hotel, church, Free Library, grammar school 
 with 125 pupils and 5 teachers and a weekly newspaper. The principal 
 products are alfalfa, sugar beets, grapes, vegetables, dairy and poultry. 
 One hatchery has a capacity of 60,000 chicks. 
 
 This group of communities has an abundant water supply from artesian 
 wells and pumping plants and water is procured at nominal cost. 
 
 Improved land sells from $500 per acre and up ; unimproved $300 per 
 acre and up. It is a fine dairy, poultry, alfalfa and sugar beet region and 
 vegetables grow everywhere. 
 
 EL MONTE. 
 
 El Monte is nine miles 
 east of Los Angeles, eleva- 
 tion 294 feet, population 800. 
 There are hundreds of acres 
 of fruit, nuts, berries, vege- 
 tables, melons, corn, alfalfa, 
 sugar beets and big pump- 
 kins, poultry farms and 
 dairies. 
 
 There are business 
 houses, hotels, banks, fine 
 homes, schools and 
 churches ; a weekly news- 
 paper, a Board of Trade and 
 
 RESIDENCE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 50 
 

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 BUSINESS BLOCKS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
RESIDENCE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 I 
 
 a Free Library. The County 
 Horticultural Commissioner 
 for convenience has linked 
 the fruit acreage with that 
 of Alhambra. There are in 
 the two localities 1440 acres 
 of bearing citrus fruit, 40 
 acres of apples, 50 acres of 
 apricots, 25 acres of plums, 
 and 1152 acres of walnuts. 
 Three canneries employ 250 
 people in season, putting out 
 $100,000 worth of canned 
 goods per annum. There are 
 ample packing facilities to 
 handle the 800 carloads of citrus fruits and large walnut crop. 
 
 The water supply which comes from the San Gabriel River and wells 
 is community owned with cost nominal. Improvdd lands sell at from 
 $1500 to $3000 per acre. There is little unimproved land on the market. 
 
 COVINA. 
 Covina lies 21 miles east of Los Angeles on the Southern Pacific and Pa- 
 cific Electric railroads, at an elevation of 560 feet; population 2500. Up-to- 
 date business blocks and cosy homes line the fine streets and boulevards. 
 There are hotels, 3 banks, theater, country club house, woman's club house. 
 Masonic, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias and Woodmen Lodge rooms, a 
 city band, weekly newspaper and Chamber of Commerce. There are also 
 a public library, eight churches, a $75,000 high school building and 7 grade 
 school buildings. 
 
 In the district there are 3,688 acres of bearing citrus fruit, 1008 acres of 
 persimmons, 344 acres of other fruits, and three fruit packing houses whose 
 normal seasonal shipment of oranges and lemons is 1844 carloads. 
 
 The fruit growers and 
 farmers draw upon the San 
 Gabriel River and wells for 
 an abundant water supply 
 under a co-operative system 
 that costs $10 per acre per 
 annum. 
 
 Bearing orchards sell for 
 $1500 to $3000 per acre; un- 
 improved land at $400 to 
 $500 per acre. 
 
 SAN DIMAS. 
 San Dimas is located 30 
 miles east of Los Angeles, 
 
 BUNGALOW— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 52 
 
 =11 
 
PUBLIC LIBRARY— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 m= 
 
 elevation 987 feet, popula- 
 tion tributary 2500. The 
 town is substantial, s u r- 
 rounded by modern homes. 
 There is a hotel, 2 banks, 
 theater, public hall, city 
 band, weekly newspaper 
 and Board of Trade, Free 
 Library, 4 churches and a 
 grammar school with 250 
 pupils and 8 teachers. San 
 Dimas is in a Union High 
 School District with fine 
 buildings located at Bonita. 
 There are 5000 acres of 
 orange and lemon groves, 
 the seasonal shipment of fruit being 1535 cars. The San Dimas Lemon 
 Growers Association has the largest, best equipped lemon curing and pack- 
 ing house in the state, with ample room to store, cure and pack 260 car- 
 loads of lemons at one time. Bearing orchards sell for $1500 to $3000 per 
 acre. Water is supplied at an annual cost of from $15 to $20 per acre. 
 
 POMONA. 
 Pomona is located 33 miles east of Los Angeles on the line of the South- 
 ern Pacific, Salt Lake and Pacific Electric railroads with 104 passenger 
 trains daily; altitude 861 feet, population 15,000. 
 
 There are fine streets, all lined with shade and ornamental trees and 
 connecting with a fine system of county boulevards. There are business 
 structures, hotel, opera house, 3 theaters, 4 lodge rooms, Elk's Clubhouse, 
 17 churches, 4 banks with resources totaling over $4,500,000 and 2 building 
 and loan associations with over $1,000,000 in loans on valley property. 
 A group of fireproof high school buildings, costing $125,000, occupies 
 a large campus, and has 552 
 pupils and 32 teachers. Sev- 
 en elementary school build- 
 ings costing $230,000 house 
 1996 pupils and 52 teachers. 
 Three kindergarten school 
 buildings, costing $9,500 
 with 302 pupils and 12 
 teachers. 
 
 A splendid public library 
 building is filled with choice 
 reference and selected liter- 
 ature. 
 
 Among Pomona's many 
 attractions are five highly bungalow-los angeles county. 
 
 53 
 
 
 
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RESIDENCE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
RESIDENCE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 improved parks ranging in 
 size from 2>$ acres to 50 
 acres. 
 
 In manufacturing indus- 
 tries there is a pump factory, 
 brick yard, electric oven fac- 
 tory, citrus fruit juice fac- 
 tory, two planing mills and 
 the Galvanized Iron Works. 
 
 There are 4232 acres of 
 
 bearing citrus groves and 776 
 
 acres of other fruits. A large 
 
 acreage is devoted to alfalfa, 
 
 grain, sugar beets and vege- 
 tables, dairying and poultry. 
 
 The 23 fruit packing houses 
 
 in the vicinity employ 1000 
 
 people in season and have a 
 
 normal output of 4500 cars 
 
 of oranges and 750 cars of 
 
 lemons. 
 
 A cannery employs 300 
 
 people in season and turn 
 
 out 2,000,000 cans of fruit per year. There are walnut and dried fruit packing 
 
 houses in the vicinity with large payrolls. 
 
 The water supply comes from San Antonio Canyon and from pumping 
 plants or wells at nominal depths. The gravity system supplies 2000 
 
 acres of citrus groves at a maximum cost of $2.00 per acre per annum. 
 
 The pumping systems are community owned and water costs $12.00 per 
 
 acre per annum. Bearing citrus fruit orchards sell for $1500 per acre; al- 
 falfa farms and bearing de- 
 ciduous orchards from $700 
 to $800 per acre. Unim- 
 proved land subject to fav- 
 orable water conditions can 
 be had at $250 to $500 per 
 acre. 
 
 There are two daily news- 
 papers and a Chamber of 
 Commerce. 
 
 CLAREMONT. 
 Claremont is located 36 
 miles east of Los Angeles, 
 has good transportation fa- 
 cilities, elevation 1200 feet, 
 BUNGALOW— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. population, 2000. Oranges 
 
 &=== 
 
 55 
 
PARKS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
and lemons are the prin- 
 cipal products and the three 
 fruit packing houses have a 
 normal seasonal shipment of 
 1200 cars of fruit. 
 
 The city is pleasantly lo- 
 cated, has two hotels, 3 
 banks, Free Library, theater, 
 numerous churches and mod- 
 ern homes. It is the home 
 of Pomona College with a 
 fine group of buildings lo- 
 cated in spacious grounds, 
 with a student body of 450. 
 
 LIBRARY-LOS ANGELES COUNTY. Higher Upon the foothills is 
 
 located a preparatory school for boys. A splendid group of fireproof high 
 and grammar school buildings house 829 pupils and 61 teachers. There is 
 one newspaper and a Board of Trade. 
 
 MONROVIA. 
 
 Monrovia is 20 miles east from Los Angeles, elevation 500 to iOOO feet, 
 population 5000. The city has business houses and modern homes. There 
 are hotels, banks, theaters, public hall, a womans clubhouse, Odd Fellows 
 building and other societies, paved streets, cement curb and sidewalks. 
 
 MUSEUM OF ART, EXPOSITION PARK— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 57 
 
APARTMENT HOUSES— LOS ANX5ELES COUNTY. 
 
FOOTHILL BOULEVARD— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 sewers, a million dollar municipal water plant, city hall, public library, pub- 
 lic park, one daily and two weekly newspapers and a Board of Trade. A 
 $50,000 high school building with 320 pupils and 17 teachers and 5 grammar 
 school buildings with 800 pupils and 24 teachers and 8 churches. 
 
 Monrovia has 1746 acres of bearing orange groves, 355 acres of lemons 
 and 1181 acres of other fruits. There are two fruit packing houses in the 
 city with a normal output of 2102 cars of lemons and oranges. 
 
 DUARTE. 
 
 Duarte lies two miles east of Monrovia, elevation 600 feet, population 
 700, has stores, hotel, bank, church and excellent schools. 
 
 Fruit growing is the principal industry. There are 1000 acres of bear- 
 ing oranges, 147 acres of lemons and some deciduous fruit. There is a fruit 
 
 SKYLINE, LOS ANGELES— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 59 
 
HIGH SCHOOLS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
=Hgl 
 
 packing house with a nor- 
 mal seasonal output of 550 
 cars of oranges and lemons. 
 The water supply of 
 Monrovia and Duarte comes 
 from mountain creeks and 
 wells, is community owned 
 and furnished at cost. Bear- 
 ing orchards sell at $1500 to 
 $3000 per acre. 
 
 AZUSA. 
 
 Azusa lies 23 miles east 
 of Los Angeles on the Santa 
 Fe and Pacific Electric rail- 
 roads and good county 
 boulevards, elevation 620 
 feet, population 1800. There 
 are good stores, hotel, bank, 
 six churches, paved streets, 
 cement sidewalks, municipal 
 water and lighting plants. 
 
 RESIDENCE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 GOOD ROADS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 61 
 
SOME OF THE CHURCHES— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
SURF BATHING— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 Azusa has a weekly newspaper and a Board of Trade and a number of fra- 
 terjial organizations. A union high school with 160 pupils and 10 teachers 
 and grammar school with 360 pupils and 9 teachers and a public library. 
 Fruit growing is the principal industry. There are 2879 acres of bearing 
 oranges and lemons and 136 
 acres of other fruits. There 
 are 3 fruit packing houses 
 with a normal seasonal ship- 
 ment of oranges and lemons 
 of 1449 cars. 
 
 The water supply comes 
 from wells and from the San 
 Gabriel River, municipally 
 and community owned, and 
 is supplied at cost. Land 
 values are about the same as 
 other nearby localities. 
 
 GLENDORA. 
 
 Glendora is located 25 
 miles east of Los Angeles, 
 on the lines of the Santa Fe 
 and Pacific Electric rail- 
 roads and Foothill boulevard, 
 elevation 900 feet, popula- 
 tion 2000, average seasonal 
 rainfall 23 inches. There is 
 
 RESIDENCE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 63 
 
FEDERAL BUILDING— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 BUSINESS STREET— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 64 
 
BEACH SCENE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 a good hotel, opera house, 
 theater, 3 banks, public hall, 
 woman's club-house, public 
 library, secret and social so- 
 cieties, one newspaper and 
 Board of Trade. 
 
 A $50,000 high school has 
 110 pupils and 10 teachers. 
 Two elementary schools 
 costing $60,000 h a v e 400 
 pupils and 11 teachers. There 
 are 5 churches. 
 
 There are tributary to 
 Glendora 4000 acres of bear- 
 ing orange and lemon 
 groves that shipped from the 
 3 packing houses 2200 cars 
 of fruit for the season of 
 1913-14. 
 
 The water supply com- 
 ing from Dalton Canyon, 
 and from springs and wells, 
 
 BUSINESS STREET— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 6.S 
 
RESIDENCE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 is community owned and 
 costs $15 to $20 an acre per 
 annum. Bearing orchards 
 sell for $2000 to $3000. 
 
 SAN GABRIEL. 
 San Gabriel is 10 miles 
 east of Los Angeles, eleva- 
 tion 410 feet, population 
 1600. There are stores, 
 hotel, bank, churches and 
 two grammar schools with 
 361 pupils and 16 teachers. 
 A Parochial school in charge 
 of the Dominican Sisters 
 
 with 200 pupils, a city club, 
 Chamber of Commerce and 
 an artists' colony. The 
 principal products are fruits, 
 grain and garden truck. The 
 chief attractions of the town 
 are the Mission of San 
 Gabriel founded in 1771, one 
 of the largest grape vines in 
 the world, and the Mission 
 Theater in which the "Mis- 
 sion Play", a magnificent 
 pageant picturing the ro- 
 mance and history of Cali- 
 fornia, is given annually. 
 
 THROOP INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 
 LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 GRAND STAND, EXPOSITION PARK- 
 LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 ALHAMBRA. 
 
 Alhambra, eight miles 
 from Los Angeles, has an 
 elevation of 485 feet, popula- 
 tion of 8000. There are good 
 mercantile establishments, 
 hotel, banks, a theater and 
 churches. It has one high 
 school and five graded 
 schools, with 1450 pupils and 
 70 teachers, fine public li- 
 brary and a number of fra- 
 ternal organizations. 
 
 Alhambra has fifty miles 
 of paved streets all lighted 
 with ornamental street 
 
 66 
 
 =0 
 
=© 
 
 lamps. There are 3 manvi- 
 jfacturing plants located 
 here employing 400 men. 
 
 The principal crops are 
 citrus and deciduous fruits, 
 walnuts, hay and a large 
 poultry industry. There is a 
 daily and weekly newspaper 
 and a Chamber of Com- 
 merce. 
 
 ARCADIA. 
 Arcadia lies 4 miles 
 farther east, elevation 488 
 feet, population 1000. It is a 
 
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 BUNGALOW— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 of millionaires as well as 
 thousands of the less 
 wealthy, contentedly settled 
 for all time in modest, flower 
 embowered homes. 
 
 Pasadena is a cheerful 
 city. Among the amuse- 
 ments are 6 theaters, 7 club 
 rooms, 4 public halls, 4 pub- 
 lic parks, with open air con- 
 certs, polo grounds, golf 
 links, tennis courts, ball 
 grounds a nd Tournament 
 Park. The W o m a n's 
 Shakespeare Club whose 
 house is valued at $30,000 
 
 ALPINE TAVERN— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 charming locality with good 
 stores, church and grammar 
 school with 75 pupils and 3 
 teachers. Principal products 
 are fruit and alfalfa. Water 
 conditions and land values 
 in these three localities are 
 on a par with other nearby 
 towns. 
 
 PASADENA. 
 Pasadena is 10 miles 
 northeast of Los Angeles, 
 elevation 850 feet, popula- 
 tion 45,000. It is a winter 
 tourist resort and the home 
 
 AUDITORIUM BUILDING— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 67 
 
==p 
 
 RESIDENCE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 has an active membership of 
 500. The Elks Club, the Ma- 
 sonic Temple, the Labor 
 Temple, the Overland Club, 
 the Valley Hunt Club and 
 the Y. M. C. A. are all fine 
 buildings. 
 
 The city has metropol- 
 itan stores, a city hall, a fine 
 public library, city band, 
 over 100 miles of lighted 
 streets, cement sidewalks, 
 municipal playgrounds and 
 plunge, municipal water and 
 lighting plants. There are 5000 automobile owners in the city. Pasadena 
 has 11 banks with aggregate deposits of $16,000,000; 57 churches and two 
 finely equipped hospitals. 
 
 A fine group of high school buildings costing $500,000 house 1500 pupils 
 and 90 teachers; 18 elementary schools with 4700 pupils and 253 teachers. 
 There are 15 kindergarten buildings costing $100,000 that have 600 pupils 
 and 40 teachers. There are nine private schools and colleges. 
 
 Pasadena has many manufacturing industries, employing many people. 
 
 Pasadena City contains a 
 fraction over 11 square miles 
 of territory. There are 1699 
 acres of bearing oranges and 
 lemons, and 809 acres of 
 other fruit. There are four 
 fruit packing houses that 
 ship 850 cars of lemons and 
 oranges per year. 
 
 The water supply is 
 abundant and is furnished at 
 $21 an acre per annum. 
 Bearing orchards sell at 
 $2000 per acre and up. 
 
 The silver anniversary of 
 the Rose Carnival and Battle 
 of Flowers held in Pasadena 
 January 1st, 1914, was wit- 
 nessed by 150,000 people. 
 
 Pasadena has two daily 
 papers, a Merchants Associa- 
 tion, a Realty Board and a 
 Board of Trade. 
 
 DRY DOCKS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 68 
 
RESIDENCE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 SIERRA MADRE. 
 Sierra Madre is a charm- 
 ing little city close up 
 against the foothills, 12 
 miles northeast of Los An- 
 geles, elevation from 800 to 
 1400 feet, population 2000, 
 average seasonal rainfall 25 
 inches. 
 
 The city has stores, hotel, 
 bank, churches, paved 
 streets, splendid trails lead- 
 ing to nearby mountain re- 
 sorts, with burros, saddle 
 horses and competent 
 guides, which may be ob- 
 tained at reasonable rates. Many features combine to make the charm of 
 Sierra Madre patent; the inspiring views, invigorating air, proximity to 
 nearby mountains, ease with which love of outdoor life is gratified, all 
 
 contribute their quota. It is 
 a real home like community 
 with 2 grammar schools with 
 180 pupils and 9 teachers. 
 There are fraternal or- 
 ganizations, social clubs, a 
 free public library and Board 
 of Trade. 
 
 GLENDALE. 
 Glendale is only 25 min- 
 utes from Los Angeles over 
 the Pacific Electric railroad 
 or fine boulevard, elevation 
 of 600 feet, and many men 
 RESIDENCE— LOS "angeles COUNTY. prominent in city affairs have 
 
 homes in this pleasing spot. 
 All lines of retail business 
 are well represented. The 
 population is 8,000. There are 
 hotels, banks, churches, pub- 
 lic library, paved and graded 
 streets, municipal lighting 
 system, one daily and two 
 weekly papers, Merchants 
 Association, Chamber o f 
 Commerce and several clubs 
 and fraternal organizations. 
 
 EXPOSITION BUILDING, EXPOSITION PARK 
 LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 69 
 
RESIDENCES— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
COUNTRY CLUB— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 for $2000 to $3000 per acre ; 
 undeveloped land at $1000 to 
 $2000 per acre. The water 
 supply comes from Verdugo 
 Canyon. 
 
 BURBANK. 
 
 Burbank lies close to the 
 foothills 10 miles north of 
 Los Angeles, elevation from 
 584 to 1200 feet; population 
 1800. There are many sub- 
 stantial business blocks, 
 hotels, banks, lodge rooms, 
 a theater, a weekly news- 
 paper and Chamber of Com- 
 merce. 
 
 There is a high school 
 with 9 teachers, a grammar 
 school with 9 teachers and 
 8 fine church buildings. 
 
 The Masons and Odd Fellows 
 have imposing buildings. Glen- 
 dale is clean and healthful and the 
 taste and refinement of the people 
 is shown in the many fine homes 
 that stretch for miles along the 
 foothills. 
 
 The principal industry is fruit 
 growing. There are a number of 
 piofitable poultry farms, and 
 truck gardening is carried on quite 
 extensively. Bearing orchards sell 
 
 COURT HOUSE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 71 
 
SOME GRAMMAR SCHOOLS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
HALL OF RECORDS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 There is a Free Library, and 
 Mrs. Elizabeth Harriet Bald- 
 win, a modest philanthro- 
 pist, has just completed a 
 handsome and commodious 
 home for aged ministers and 
 their wives, endowing it with 
 ample income to insure the 
 comfort of those admitted. 
 
 Burbank is well served 
 in transportation by the 
 Southern Pacific and Pacific 
 Electric railroads and a 
 splendid system of county 
 highways, along which are 
 grouped many fine homes. 
 It is strictly a farming com- 
 munity with a wide range of 
 products. 
 
 There are 2000 acres in 
 peaches, appricots, berries, 
 melons, garden truck, with 
 hay sufficient for local, use. 
 The poultry industry is in the ascendancy; one large farm, has over 12,000 
 laying hens, and there are 18,000 more in the neighborhood. The egg out- 
 put totals 360,000 dozen, worth $97,200 per annum. There are IS dairies with 
 1000 cows and the number is being rapidly increased. There are 2000 acres 
 of wine and table grapes, also a number of apiaries located along the foothills. 
 The soil is decomposed granite and sandy loam, free from alkali and hard- 
 pan. There is a large acreage along the foothill slopes of ideal citrus fruit land 
 that will come on the market with water development. The alfalfa and vege- 
 tables are irrigated from pri- 
 vate wells ranging in depth 
 from 65 to 15-0 feet, pump 
 lift, 25 to 35 feet, cost $4.00 
 to $6.00 an acre per annum. 
 There are 3000 acres of al- 
 falfa yielding from 8 to 10 
 ton per acre each year. Al- 
 falfa farms bring from $800 
 to $1000 per acre; bearing 
 orchards from $700 to $1000 
 per acre. There are several 
 thousand acres of undevel- 
 oped land available at from 
 $300 to $400 per acre. 
 
 BUNGALOW COURT— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 73 
 
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 CATALINA ISLAND— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 SAN FERNANDO. 
 
 San Fernando is located 21 miles north of Los Angeles on the line of the 
 Southern Pacific and Pacific Electric railroads, state highway and county 
 boulevards, elevation 1200 feet, population 2500. There are hotels, banks, 
 theaters, public hall and four church buildings. 
 
 There are fine educational facilities; a $65,000 high school building with 
 125 pupils and 12 teachers, and 2 grammar school buildings costing $110,000 
 
 with 350 pupils and 12 
 teachers. The principal 
 industry is f .r u i t growing 
 There are 4 packing houses 
 that ship 380 cars of oranges 
 and 90 cars of lemons per 
 year. The Sylmar Olive 
 grove of 2000 acres, the 
 largest in the world, has a 
 normal seasonal output of 
 50,000 gallons of oil and 200,- 
 000 gallons of pickled ripe 
 olives. More than 700 acres 
 of land in the vicinity are 
 
 FLOWING WELL— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 Ji, 
 
SHIP BUILDING— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 devoted to melon and vege- 
 table growing for the winter 
 market, the tomato bringing 
 large returns. One dairy, 
 several poultry farms, a 
 number of large apiaries and 
 15,000 acres of grain that 
 yield 35,000 sacks of barley 
 and 15,000 tons of hay make 
 up the yearly crops. The 
 source of water supplj' is 
 Pacoima Canyon and wells. 
 The cost for young orchards 
 from one to three years old 
 is $10 per acre per annum ; 
 after that age the cost in- 
 creases gradually to $20 per 
 acre per annum for full 
 bearing orchard. 
 
 Young groves bring $600 
 per acre; full bearing groves 
 $1500 per acre. Young lem- 
 
 LOS ANGELES AQUEDUCT. 
 
 iS= 
 
 75 
 
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 on groves bring $1000 per 
 acre; full bearing groves as 
 high as $5000 per acre. 
 There are about 15,000 acres 
 of unimproved land in the 
 vicinity available at from 
 $400 to $700 per acre without 
 water. 
 
 San Fernando City has 
 miles, of finely paved, shady 
 and well lighted streets, nat- 
 ural gas for domestic and 
 manufacturing purposes, 
 electric light and power, 
 cheap fuel oil, the Old Mis- 
 sion, two newspapers, Board 
 
 LOS ANGELES AQUEDUCT. 
 
 Los Angeles, elevation 2361 
 feet, population 525. There 
 are a number of good stores, 
 hotel, bank, public hall, se- 
 cret societies, churches, 1 
 newspaper, and a Chamber 
 of Commerce. There is a 
 $30,000 high school building 
 with 40 pupils and 4 teachers 
 and a $20,000 grammar 
 school building with 105 
 pupils and 4 teachers. 
 
 The soil grades from de- 
 composed granite along the 
 foothills to the south to a 
 sandy loam passing into an 
 
 SOURCE OF WATER— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 of Trade and a Chamber of 
 Commerce. 
 
 ANTELOPE VALLEY. 
 Antelope Valley lies 
 north of Los Angeles from 
 70 to 85 miles on the line of 
 the Southern Pacific railroad 
 and is 65 miles long from 
 east to west and approxi- 
 mately 20 miles in width. 
 There are a number of small 
 towns and communities with 
 the business center at Lan- 
 caster, 80 miles north of 
 
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 LOS ANGELES AQUEDUCT. 
 
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 LOS ANGELES AQUEDUCT. 
 
 alluvial silt. The principal products are pears, grain, alfalfa, almonds, fruits, 
 dairying and poultry. The average seasonal rainfall varies with location. 
 In the valley proper around Lancaster, the average is 7 inches; on the foot- 
 hill slopes to the west and south it averages 17 inches. Snow falls in winter 
 and the temperature varies from 18 degrees in the winter up to 112 degrees in 
 
 
 ft:^HHH 
 
 BEACH SCENE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 y= 
 
 77 
 
summer. There are n o w 
 growing in the valley 500,- 
 000 pear trees, 500,000 apple 
 trees, 3000 peach trees, 25,- 
 000 apricots, 65,000 almonds, 
 500 acres of grapes, 600 acres 
 of alfalfa and 15,000 acres of 
 grain. Alfalfa yields from 6 
 to 8 tons of hay per annum. 
 Ten miles from Lancaster 
 lies Palmdale, a new town 
 on the railroad with consid- 
 erable improvement going on 
 including the planting of a 
 large acreage to young fruit 
 trees. East of Palmdale 10 
 miles is Little Rock, where 
 there are about 150 acres of 
 bearing pear trees from 5 to 
 18 years old, from which 
 were marketed for the sea- 
 son of 1914 four tons of fruit 
 per acre. The water supply 
 of Little Rock and Palmdale 
 comes from Little Rock Can- 
 yon and private wells. 
 
 ELIZABETH LAKE. 
 
 Elizabeth Lake lies 16 
 miles west of Lancaster, The 
 principal products are 
 apples, grain and stock. On 
 the foothill slopes to the 
 south almonds are grown 
 without irrigation. A crop 
 of 150 tons of nuts was 
 shipped in 1914. 
 
 The bee industry is pro- 
 fitable and there is room for 
 expansion. The same may 
 be said of the poultry indus- 
 try, especially of turkeys, for 
 they thrive remarkably well. 
 Every locality has its school 
 and church. 
 
 Over 200 wells have been 
 drilled in the various parts 
 
 YUCCA— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 78 
 
 HI 
 
11= 
 
 of the valley, 100 of which 
 flow strong streams of water. 
 The others require a pump 
 lift of from 35 to 70 feet. The 
 wells range in depth from 
 350 feet to 500 feet and many 
 of the pumping plants supply 
 water sufficient to irrigate 
 from 100 to 200 acres of al- 
 falfa. Surface water is found 
 at Lancaster at from 5 to 
 10 feet, in other localities 
 the depth is greater. The 
 climate is healthy and there 
 are but few uncomfortably 
 hot days in the season. Al- 
 falfa farms sell at from $200 
 to $300 per acre. Bearing 
 pear orchards bring from 
 $2000 per acre and up ; unim- 
 proved land, subject to fa- 
 vorable water conditions, 
 from $12 to $200 per acre. 
 
 NEWHALL AND 
 SAUGUS. 
 Newhall and Saugus lie 
 33 miles north of Los An- 
 geles. Both have stores, 
 hotel, church and schools, 
 out north, curving to the 
 
 MOUNTAIN SCENE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 From 
 west 
 
 this point 
 covering 
 
 MOUNTAIN CAMPING— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 a beautiful valley, stretches 
 thousands of acres of rich 
 land devoted to grain, alfal- 
 fa, fruit and stock. Here lies 
 opportunity. The land is in 
 its virgin state. Transpor- 
 tation is here, all that is 
 lacking is an industrious 
 people who know how. 
 
 LANKERSHIM. 
 
 Lankershim, located 13 
 miles northwest of Los An- 
 geles, elevation 628 feet, pop- 
 ulation 1500, has good build- 
 ings, fine shady streets, ce- 
 ment sidewalks, hotel, bank,, 
 theater, lodge rooms and a 
 
 '79 
 
MARENGO AVE.— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 acres of which are under cul- 
 tivation. There are 5000 
 acres in fruit and nuts, 700 
 acres in alfalfa, 500 acres in 
 melons and vegetables, 200 
 acres in pot-atoes, 400 acres 
 in vineyard and the balance 
 in hay and grain. 
 
 The demand of Los An- 
 geles City for fresh fruit re- 
 quires a large portion of the 
 crop. The localcannery em- 
 ploys 250 people in season 
 and handles 110 carloads of 
 goods per year. The 6 dry- 
 ing yards with 600 people on 
 
 weekly newspaper. There 
 are two grammar school 
 buildings costing $20,000 
 with 250 pupils and 7 teach- 
 ers. There are three church- 
 es, free library, and business 
 establishments. It is a pros- 
 perous farming section and 
 with the exception of citrus 
 fruits, all products common 
 to the state are grown. The 
 peach and apricot are the 
 favorite. 
 
 There are 12,000 acres of 
 land in the district, 9000 
 
 OLIVE GROVE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 WALNUT GROVE— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 their payroll turn out $75,000 
 worth of the dried product 
 each year. The walnuts, 
 apples, pears, alfalfa, mel- 
 lons and vegetables are mar- 
 keted locally. The alfalfa 
 and vegetables are irrigated 
 from private wells, all other 
 products are grown without 
 irrigation. There is one 
 winery with an annual out- 
 put of 60,000 gallons. The 
 poultry industry is repre- 
 sented by 12,000 laying hens 
 and there are a few hogs and 
 
 80 
 
 ==(B1 
 
m 
 
 TRUCK GARDENING— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 to illuminate the entire 
 driveway and is maintained 
 by an annual tax on the 
 property of the district. 
 There is a good hotel, bank, 
 theater, public hall, 2 fine 
 church buildings, a number 
 of fraternal organizations, 
 public library, newspaper. 
 Chamber of Commerce and 
 an $85,000 high school build- 
 ing with 50 pupils and 8 
 teachers. This school will 
 specialize in agriculture and 
 
 dairy cows. There is a 
 weekly newspaper and a 
 Board of Trade. 
 
 VAN NUYS. 
 Van Nuys is located 19 
 miles northwest of Los An- 
 geles, elevation 690 feet, pop- 
 ulation 1500. It has organ- 
 ized a lighting district and 
 installed a lighting system 
 along 40 miles of fine boule- 
 vard at a cost of $100,000. 
 This system contains orna- 
 mental three light posts 
 placed near enough together 
 
 POULTRY— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 horticulture. In addition 
 there is a $50,000 grammar 
 school building with 200 pu- 
 pils and 6 teachers. 
 
 There is located in Van 
 Nuys a large piano and pipe- 
 organ factory, employing 100 
 people and putting out $500,- 
 000 worth of instruments per 
 year. There is also a cement 
 pipe plant and sheet metal 
 works. 
 
 The soil of this entire lo- 
 cality is a rich sandy loam 
 free from alkali and hard- 
 
 OSTRICHES— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 81 
 
 =[□1 
 
=11 
 
 PRIZE WINNERS. 
 
 pan. There are 5000 acres 
 of young orchards just com- 
 ing into bearing. 
 
 The principal fruits 
 grown are peaches and apri- 
 cots. There are 5000 acres 
 of alfalfa, 500 acres of mel- 
 ons and vegetables, 500 
 acres of potatoes, 300 acres 
 of corn, 1000 acres of lima 
 beans, 3000 acres of sugar 
 beets and 10,000 acres of 
 grain and hay. The alfalfa, 
 and vegetables are irrigated 
 from private wells, all other 
 products are grown without 
 
 irrigation. The average seasonal rainfall is 17 inches. There is one dairy, 
 
 a few bees and 20,000 laying hens. 
 
 Here and at Lankershim bearing orchards bring from $700 to $1000 per 
 
 acre; unimproved land from $250 to $500 per acre with 15,000 acres available. 
 
 OWENSMOUTH. 
 Owensmouth lies to the west of Van Nuys 10 miles and has good trans- 
 portation facilities. The land has lately been put on the market, and the 
 soil and other conditions are similar to those above described. 
 
 THE COASTAL PLAIN. 
 
 This territory lies in a crescent shape to the west of Los Angeles, ex- 
 tending from the low range of hills on the north to the city limits on the 
 southeast. 
 
 Stretching along its northern borders are located the thriving towns of 
 Sherman, Beverley Hills and 
 Sawtelle, the last named 
 having a population of 2000 
 people and all served by the 
 Pacific Electric railroad. 
 These towns have the ad- 
 vantages of remarkably good 
 schools and a Free Library. 
 
 At Sawtelle is located the 
 National Soldiers' Home, a 
 640 are tract of finely im- 
 proved lands with commodi- 
 ous quarters for the 2500 in- 
 mates. 
 
 The principal products of 
 this coastal plain are sugar 
 
 SWEET CORN. 
 
 82 
 
 =^ 
 
beets, lima and black-eye beans and grain, the acreage running into many 
 thousands. There are excellent roads all through this section. 
 
 OUTING RESORTS. 
 
 Outing days in Los Angeles County are any time from January to De- 
 cember. Not when, but where, to go is the question. If to the mountains 
 there are many interesting camp grounds and some fine hotels. 
 
 SWITZER'S "Switzer-land" is located in the Arroyo Seco Royal Gorge 
 12 miles from Pasadena at an elevation of 3100 feet. It has tenting and 
 cabin accommodations, fishing and hunting. Take the Pacific Electric to 
 Pasadena, stage to Dark Canyon, saddle horse to camp. 
 
 Camp BONITO is located at the junction of Cattle Creek and San 
 Gabriel River in the Arroyo Seco Canyon 18 miles from Azusa. The camp 
 has long been noted for its splendid trout streams, deer range and beauti- 
 ful surroundings. The camping, tenting and cabin accommodations are 
 good and there are many amusements and pleasant side trips planned for 
 guests. Take the Pacific Electric to Azusa where stage meets all trains. 
 
 CAMP OAK WILD is located in Arroyo Seco Canyon at an altitude of 
 2200 feet, 8 miles from Pasadena where stage connections are made. The 
 trip is delightful, the surroundings pleasant and accommodations ample. 
 
 COLD BROOK CAMP is located at the base of Mt. Islip on the North 
 Fork of the San Gabriel River, elevation 3500 feet, distance from Azusa 20 
 miles, where stage meets trains by appointment. The fishing and hunting 
 are excellent and accommodations are satisfactory. 
 
 MT. WILSON HOTEL and cottages more than a mile above the sea 
 is reached from Sierra Madre over a safe trail on horseback under compe- 
 tent guides ; or from Pasadena over a safe auto road. There are first class 
 accommodations either in the hotel or the 40 artistically furnished cottages. 
 
 The Carnegie Mt. Wilson Solar Observatory, the largest in the world, 
 is located on the summit and a museum containing all photography taken 
 is a most interesting place. 
 
 MT. LOWE. To visit this charming resort one has only to follow the 
 "Trail of the Trolley" through an enchanting though seemingly impassable 
 land to Echo Mountain, 3500 feet above the sea where the great \Vorld's 
 Fair Searchlight is located, then on to Ye Alpine Tavern 5000 feet above 
 the surf. The accommodations in tent, cabin or Tavern is all that one can 
 wish. 
 
 OPIDS CAMP is located on the West Fork of the San Gabriel River 
 about 6 miles from Ye Alpine Tavern at an altitude of 4500 feet. The hunting 
 and fishing are good and accommodations fine. 
 
 Verdugo, Tejunga, Santa Monica and a score of other accessible canyons 
 offer inviting retreats. 
 
 BEACH RESORTS. 
 Santa Monica and Ocean Park, with a permanent population of 30,000 
 people, are combination home and resort beach cities, 14 miles west from 
 Los Angeles. They have excellent transportation facilities, fine business 
 
 83 
 
ORANGE GROVES— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
IqH= 
 
 blocks, banks, hotels, public library, hospital, two sanitariums, ample club 
 rooms, newspapers and Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 There is a $250,000 high school building, fine grammar school buildings 
 and two private schools. 
 
 In the way of amusements these cities ofifer the "Million Dollar Pier" 
 with scenic railway, theater and ball room ; and a score of other theaters and 
 amusement devices. There is boating, bathing and fishing every day in 
 the year and in addition many fine boulevards, oceanside and country drive- 
 ways. 
 
 VENICE. 
 
 Venice with a population of 9000 people lies just south of Ocean Park 
 and has fine business blocks, 15 hotels, theaters, ample banking facilities, 
 notable club-rooms, public library, hospital, commodious churches, a $250,- 
 000 Polytechnic high school building set in a 29-acre campus, 4 grammar 
 school buildings with 1100 pupils and 35 teachers, a daily newspaper. Free 
 Library and a Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 The business center has beautiful arcaded streets and the resident dis- 
 trict is threaded with beautiful parked, salt water canals over whose silvery 
 waters glide canoe, gondola, launch and motor boat. The city is completely 
 circled by a miniature railroad operated daily. There is a fine bath house, 
 safe bathing beach, dancing pavilion, country club house and one of the 
 finest aquariums with its collection of Pacific coast marine life. This is 
 the headquarters of the Marine Biological station of the University of 
 Southern California. 
 
 Following the trend of the coast southward are Playa del Rey with pa- 
 vilion and pier, El Segundo, Standard Oil pipe line pier; Hermosa Beach 
 with 2500 people, hotels, bank, theater, churches, pavilion, fishing pier, bath 
 house and 2 schools with 300 pupils and 11 teachers, a newspaper. Free 
 Library and Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 REDONDO BEACH. 
 Rendondo Beach with 3000 people lies just southeast of Hermosa and has 
 good hotel accommodations, apartments, rooming houses and restaurants. 
 A popular tent city is located only 100 feet from the beach in a beautiful 
 park of cypress, eucalyptus and pine. There are many business blocks, 
 banks, good theaters, public library, churches, school facilities, a city band 
 with daily concerts, a newspaper and a Chamber of Commerce. Here also 
 is a splendid bathhouse, a magnificent new pavilion, racing coaster, boating 
 and fishing piers, moonstone beach and many other attractions. 
 
 SANTA CATALINA ISLAND. 
 
 Santa Catalina Island lies 25 miles off the San Pedro and Long Beach 
 harbors between which points excursion boats ply regularly. The water 
 trip is delightful and the accommodations at Avalon are ample and most 
 satisfactory. 
 
 The island contains 50,000 acres of land entirely devoted to the enter- 
 tainment of pleasure seekers. Catalina is the world's most famous fishing 
 
 m 
 
 8S 
 
BRIDGES— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
resort. The gamiest fish of the seas inhabit the waters. Trails and moun- 
 tain drives, golf links and tennis courts are provided for the use of the vis- 
 itor and the climate is "nearly perfect" the year round. 
 
 A branch of the County Free Library furnishes the citizens and guest.s 
 with current and standard literature, including periodicals and books of 
 reference. 
 
 Most interesting hours are spent in the glass bottom boats floating over 
 the sub-marine gardens, noting the coming and going of aquatic life. 
 
 There are water sports of all kinds and a fine bathing beach. 
 
 LOS ANGELES CFfY. 
 
 The Pueblo of Nuestra Senora La Reina de Los Angeles was founded 
 by Governor E'elipede Neve in 17j8.1, and so remained until 1850, when it 
 was incorporated as the City of Los Angeles. The original territory em- 
 braced in the incorporation was 28 square miles. The city has since grown 
 through consolidation and annexation to 107.62 square miles. 
 •-- Its elevation ranges from sea level at San Pedro to 1647 feet above at 
 Alt,. Hollywood. The elevation at the City Hall is 287 feet above the sea, 
 distance 20 miles. The population is conservatively estimated at 5 56,000.- 
 
 The assessed valuation for 1914 was $506,829,900, and the tax rate $1.60 
 on the $10a- valuation,. Net bonded debt $33,884,573.21. 
 
 The assets of the city conservatively estimated, including real estate, 
 improvements, aqueduct water system, harbor property, school property, 
 public parks, public playgrounds and sundries for the fiscal j^ear ending 
 June 30th, 1914. aggregate $220,000,000. 
 
 AQUEDUCT. 
 
 Among the most valuable assets is the aqueduct. 
 
 Ten years ago, the City of Los Angeles not only foresaw, but felt the 
 need of a water supply in excess of that procurable from the Los Angeles 
 River. Out of this necessity, in the decade that followed, came the con- 
 ception, the undertaking and the final completion of the Los Angeles Aque- 
 duct. By a giant system of concrete conduits, steel pipe lines and reser- 
 voirs, mountain streams of the Sierra Nevadas have been collected and 
 brought a distance of 255 miles for the well being of the municipality and 
 a broad expanse of contiguous territory. The man-made water course pro- 
 vides not merely a domestic water supply sufificient for two millions of peo- 
 ple, but will supply irrigation for 120 square miles of territory, and in ad- 
 dition makes possible the development of 120,000 horsepower of electrical 
 energy. At the time of the inception of the project, the city had a population 
 of less than 250,000 inhabitants. A tax of over $115 per capita was authorized 
 by popular ballot, the total bond issue amounting to $24,500,000. 
 
 Nearly four years were required solely for the work of preparation. The 
 theater of action lay in the heart of the Mohave Desert, where for a stretch 
 of 120 miles, a railroad had to be built, hundreds of miles of roads and trails 
 constructed along the steep mountain sides, where the course of the Aque- 
 duct took its way, the erection of a telephone line, which with its 
 branches, was 350 miles in length, and then the building of habitations for 
 
 
 
 87 
 
LOS ANQELES HARBOR. 
 
the army of miners, mechanics and thousands of unskilled workers whose 
 services would be required. Once excavation of the Aqueduct was under- 
 taken, it was carried on continuously throughout the twenty-four hours of 
 the day. Even summer temperatures on the desert which ranged as high 
 as 120° F. proved no deterrent. Fifty-two miles of tunnel, 21 miles of 
 canal, 13 miles of steel, and concrete inverted siphons, and 138 miles of con- 
 crete conduit was the record of the five and one-half years. Not only was 
 the construction accomplished within the appropriation of $24,500,000 but 
 it was completed well within the time promised. 
 
 With the assurance of a daily supply of nearly 300,000,000 gallons from 
 the Owens River Valley, Los Angeles has not only overcome the one ob- 
 stacle that stood in the way of her anticipated growth, but has materially 
 provided for a rapid impetus in this direction. 
 
 The importance of the project, naturally, will always be first as a water 
 works system for domestic and irrigation supply, but in its possibilities for 
 the development of hydro-electrical energy the aqueduct stands among the 
 largest and most important of the nation. Within a comparatively short 
 distance from the city it is possible to develop approximately 100,000 horse- 
 power. To make this power a productive asset of the municipality, $3,500,- 
 000 has already been expended, and a power plant capable of developing 
 37,500 horsepower almost completed. Recently $6,500,000 has been voted 
 to finish the construction and provide a distribution system. To manu- 
 facturing industries, Los Angeles, through her investments in Aqueduct 
 power production, is therefore in a position to extend a welcoming hand. 
 
 THE PORT OF LOS ANGELES. 
 
 Four things are essential for a modern port; first, a safe refuge for ship- 
 ping in time of storm, and easy access at all times; second, quiet waters 
 where vessels may dock at any time, bordered with wharves, piers, and 
 sheds; third, terminal facilities and industrial areas for developing and 
 handling freight; and fourth, commerce to make the port actually useful. 
 
 The Port of Los Angeles possesses all these essentials. The Bay of 
 San Pedro originally was an open roadstead, but this defect was cured by 
 the construction, by the United States Government at a cost of $3,100,000 
 of a great breakwater nearly 200 feet thick at the base, 68 feet high and more 
 than two miles long, and enclosing a large anchorage area. It makes a 
 wide harbor entrance with no bar whatever, and a ship can enter it at any 
 time and find quiet anchorage within. 
 
 From the open roadstead originally a channel extended several miles 
 inland, spreading out into a wide lagoon. This lagoon has now been con- 
 verted into channels and basins with thirty feet of water at low tide, and a 
 large frontage of wharves, with transit sheds and railroad terminals to 
 
 serve them. 
 
 The business center of Los Angeles is twenty miles from the water front, 
 and the former city boundaries were originally far from the harbor. The 
 city, however, found it necfessary to improve the port, but in order to do so 
 the port had to be brought within its boundaries. As a result the harbor 
 
 89 
 
DRAW BRIDGE, LOS ANGELES HARBOR. 
 
 90 
 
 SUNSET— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
 =0 
 
towns of Wilmington and San Pedro voted to become part of the City of 
 Los Angeles, and the city pledged itself to spend ten million dollars in ten 
 years in harbor development. Of this amount five and one-half millions 
 have been voted in bonds, with which channels have been dredged, tidelands 
 and submerged lands have been filled, wharves and transit sheds have been 
 built, and railway terminals and paved waterfront approaches have been 
 provided. 
 
 There is a total of more than six miles of wharves in the harbor. The 
 waterfront, measured on government harbor lines, aggregates more than 
 twenty miles, and this can be largely increased by the construction of slips. 
 
 The opening of the Panama Canal means much to this coast and already 
 the trade between Los Angeles and Atlantic coast ports is growing at a 
 tremendous rate. 
 
 Los Angeles is the greatest import lumber port in the world, its lumber 
 business amounting to 720,000,000 feet in 1912. 
 
 FACTS ABOUT LOS ANGELES HARBOR. 
 
 Municipal wharves with 35 feet water 2,920 lin. ft. 
 
 Municipal wharves with 30 feet water 3,055 Hn. ft. 
 
 Total wharf frontage in harbor, all classes 30,820 lin. ft. 
 
 Municipal transit sheds in outer harbor 180,000 sq. ft. 
 
 Municipal transit sheds in inner harbor 202,500 sq. ft. 
 
 All municipal wharves and sheds are accessible by railroad and motor 
 truck highways. 
 
 About 70 companies have ships calling at the harbor regularly. 
 
 Expended by United States Government on harbor $5,600,000 
 
 Expended or voted by City of Los Angeles 5,500,000 
 
 City of Los Angeles obligated to spend an additional 4,500,000 
 
 Net tonnage of vessels entering harbor for year ending June 
 
 30, 1914 2,759,274 tons 
 
 Total tonnage of commodities for same period 1,682,794 tons 
 
 Pilotage is optional for all shipping. 
 
 Pilotage fees per foot draft inward and outward $1.00 
 
 Pilotage fees per net registered ton 01 
 
 Wharfage rates according to commodity, per ton, 2^c to 10c. 
 
 Rates for dockage : 
 
 Under 10 tons Exempt 
 
 10 tons to 50 tons 2c a ton 
 
 $2.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 7.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 9.00 
 
 91 
 
 51 " 
 
 " 100 
 
 101 " 
 
 " ISO ' 
 
 151 " 
 
 •' 200 ' 
 
 201 '■ 
 
 •' 300 ' 
 
 301 " 
 
 •' 400 ' 
 
 401 " 
 
 ■' 500 • 
 
 501 " 
 
 " 600 • 
 
 601 " 
 
 " 700 • 
 
A FEW HOTELS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
701 tons to 800 tons - 10.00 
 
 801 
 1001 
 1201 
 1501 
 1800 
 
 1000 
 1200 
 1500 
 1800 
 210O 
 
 11.00 
 12.00 
 13.00 
 14.00 
 15.00 
 
 One-half cent per ton for each ton over 2100 tons. 
 
 All pilotage, dockage and wharfage fees are fixed by the City of Los 
 Angeles. 
 
 The following figures show the increase in the port business within 
 twelve years, exclusive of the lumber receipts. 
 
 1902 1914 
 
 Ships calling at the harbor 965 3,919 
 
 Net tonnage of the same 356,371 2,759,274 
 
 Tons of merchandise handled 14,167 693,479 
 
 PUBLIC PARKS. 
 There are 8 public parks of note in the city containing 4087 acres of land. 
 They are all improved and provide 22 miles of fine driveways, 35 miles of 
 attractive walks and 46.6 acres of charming lakes. 
 
 CHILDREN'S PLAYGROUNDS. 
 There are 8 public playgrounds enticingly equipped, containing 69.59 
 acres of land valued at $282,465, and 16 vacation or summer centers, where 
 the children also congregate for amusement. 
 
 EXPOSITION PARK. 
 
 The show place extraordinary of Los Angeles, is unquestionably the 
 Exposition Park, comprising approximately 120 acres, close to the business 
 section of the city and reached by ten different trolley lines. This Park be- 
 longing to the State of California, comprises an aggregation of varied inter- 
 ests, such as are not found anywhere else in the United States. 
 
 Facing the main entrance, is a State Exposition Building, 324 feet long 
 by 124 feet wide, constructed of tapestry brick with terra cotta trimmings 
 and tile roof, in which will be housed for all time exhibits of the resources 
 and industries of the entire state, scientifically classified and installed. 
 
 This institution has its own shops, photographic department, free read- 
 ing room, a research library where tourists, home-seekers and investors may 
 learn anything known concerning the resources and industries of the state. 
 
 On the west side of the sunken gardens, with be found the Museum of 
 History, Science and Art, in which the County of Los Angeles has invested 
 nearly $400,000. This is a fire proof building, 270 feet long, 50 feet wide, 
 with a central wing 170 feet long by 50 feet wide, constructed of tapestry 
 brick. This building contains the celebrated fossils from the La Brea 
 Fossil Beds, which are attracting scientists from all over the world. 
 
 At the east end of the sunken gardens, 1000 feet from the Museum 
 has been constructed by the state, the Seventh Regiment Armory, being a 
 
 93 
 
three story brick building 280 feet long by 213 feet wide, in which is housed 
 the Seventh Regiment, California National Guard, Field Battery "A", and 
 the United States Hospital and Marine Corps. 
 
 There is an athletic field containing 40 acres in which are six baseball 
 diamonds, ten tennis courts, polo field, hockey field, football field and a 
 partially constructed sunken stadium, which when completed will seat 
 30,000 people. This stadium, is to be equipped with running track, swim- 
 ming pool and all other necessary accessories. There is an automobile 
 parking space which will accommodate 1000 automobiles. There is a run- 
 ning track 30 feet wide, and nearly one mile in length and outside of this a 
 speedway one mile in length. Over on the south side of the park is the 
 new steel and concrete grandstand, costing $50,000. This grandstand is 
 flanked with a row of stables for the housing of race horses. In the south- 
 west corner of the park, is a picnic ground, covering about five acres, beau- 
 tifully shaded by pepper trees, and equipped with drinking fountains, bar- 
 becue pit, and other attractive features. 
 
 In the southeast corner of the park is a children's playground of about 
 seven acres, which is independent of the main athletic field. This play- 
 ground is reserved exclusively for mothers and children. 
 
 Visitors to this park are welcome at all times, and under the State Law 
 no charge for admission can ever be made to the State Exposition Building 
 or the immediate grounds. 
 
 STREETS AND SEWERS. 
 There are 1440 miles of streets in the city, 166 miles paved with asphal- 
 tum, of which 62 miles are boulevard. There are 675 miles of sewers. The 
 city government spent on streets and sewers the sum of $3,998,725.09. 
 
 EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. 
 
 The schools of Los Angeles in buildings, equipment and method of in- 
 struction are counted among the best to be found anywhere. 
 
 The Southern California University has a fine group of buildings pleas- 
 antly located. 
 
 The State Normal School located in Los Angeles has a building valued 
 at $800,000, a student body of 1,913, a teaching faculty of 80. 
 
 The public schools, including high, elementary and kindergarten have an 
 average daily attendance of 60,000 pupils and a staff of 2,400 teachers. There 
 are 67 private educational institutions, 14 musical clubs, 8 German singing 
 societies, 17 other singing societies, 19 theaters and 107 moving picture 
 shows. There are over 355 church buildings in the city. The PubHc Library 
 contains 227,894 volumes with a circulation of 1,559,359 volumes a year. 
 Besides the main library there are fifteen branches, five play ground libraries 
 and 69 deposit stations. With a staflf of 116, the library carries on the usual 
 activities of such an institution. It has an annual income of $159,837 based 
 on a .4 of a mill tax. 
 
 There are 10 auditoriums and public halls, the largest with a seating 
 capacity of 5000 people. All the secret and fraternal organizations are well 
 represented, many of them with imposing buildings. 
 
 94 
 
SOME FIRE APPARATUS— LOS ANGELES COUNTY. 
 
BUSINESS. 
 
 Los Angeles has metropolitan stores, 50 fine hotels and over 800 good 
 commercial, family and apartment hotels with ample accommodations for 
 150,000 guests. 
 
 There are 36 banking institutions with deposits aggregating $170,380,642. 
 
 STREET RAILWAYS. 
 
 There are 365 miles of electric railway in the city and 1100 miles of 
 electric suburban lines radiating from the Pacific Electric station. Some 
 of the surburban lines have four tracks. 
 
 A greater number of cars arrive and depart from the Pacific Electric 
 station daily than from any other electric station in the world. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 The United States Weather Bureau's record from July 1877 to December 
 31, 1913, shows the following temperatures and rainfall. 
 
 Mean. 
 Jan., 55; Feb., 55; March, 57; April, 60; May, 62; June, 66; July, 70; 
 Aug., 71; Sept., 69; Oct., 65; Nov., 61; Dec, 65; Annual, 62. 
 
 Mean Maximum. 
 
 Jan., 65.2; Feb., 65.4; March, 66.4; April, 69.5; May, 69.9; June, 75.4; 
 July, 80.7; Aug., 81.1; Sept., 80.4; Oct., 76.3; Nov., 72.6; Dec, 68.1; Annual, 
 72.6. 
 
 Mean Minimum. 
 
 Jan., 45.7; Feb., 46.3; March, 47.8; April, 49.9; May, 52.3; June, 55.8; 
 July, 59.2; Aug., 60.1; Sept., 58; Oct., 54.4; Nov., 50.5; Dec, 46.5; Annual, 
 52.2. 
 
 Highest during year since beginning of record 109 on July 25, 1891. 
 
 Lowest during year since beginning of record 28 on Feb. 6, 1883. 
 
 Precipitation. 
 July, 0.01; Aug., 0.03; Sept., 0.13; Oct., 0.70; Nov., 1.29; Dec, 2.74; Jan., 
 2.98; Feb., 3.01; March, 3.11; April, 0.98; May, 0.44; June, 0.08; Seasonal, 
 15.49. 
 
 Weather. 
 Average number days with 0.01 inch rain. 
 
 Jan., 7; Feb., 7; March, 7; April, 3; May, 2; June, 1; July, 0; Aug., 1; 
 Sept., 2; Oct., 3; Nov., 3; Dec, 4; Total for year, 40. 
 
 Total number days during year : Clear, 157, Partly clouded, 152; Cloudy, 56. 
 
 The Automobile Club of Southern California, Realty Board, Hotel-men's 
 Association, Industrial Bureau, Chamber of Mines and Oils, Merchants and 
 Manufacturers Association or the Chamber of Commerce will furnish addi- 
 tional information in regard to Los Angeles County along their respective 
 lines of effort whenever requested to do so. 
 
 96 
 
=1P1 
 
 Orange County 
 
 RANGE COUNTY was created March 11th, 1889, out 
 of the southeast portion of Los Angeles County. It 
 is bounded on the south by San Diego County, on 
 the east by Riverside County, on the north by Los 
 Angeles County and on the west by the Pacific 
 Ocean, and contains 780 square miles of territory 
 (499,200 acres), 431,625 acres of which are found on 
 the assessment rolls of the County, leaving but 67,- 
 575 acres non-taxable, and much of that is in a 
 government forest reserve. 
 
 Of the 431,625 acres on the assessment rolls of 
 the County there are but 172,041 acres of land in cul- 
 tivation. This could easily be doubled by the development and conserva- 
 tion of the county's water supply. Here is opportunity still beckoning to 
 homeseekers. 
 
 The total value of all property in the county as shown by the assess- 
 ment rolls for 1914 is $54,546,951, and the total tax rate on outside property, 
 including state, county, schools and roads for 1914, is $1.40 on the $100 
 valuation. The total bonded debt of the county is $1,414,000. A conser- 
 
 GOOD ROADS— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 n== 
 
 97 
 
vative estimate for the year 
 1914 places the population of 
 the county at 52,000. 
 
 To the man or the woman 
 who has felt the lure of the 
 Southland and has "penetrated 
 the vale" that divides assur- 
 ance from doubt, the story of 
 "rare" things appeals with 
 especial force. The avocado 
 has been grown successfully 
 here for so many years and 
 with such certainty of profit that it has become as firmly rooted in our 
 esteem as a money getter as has the walnut or the orange. 
 
 Avocados can be successfully grown in many sections of Orange County 
 and especially near the foothills where frost visitations are almost unknown. 
 The fruit finds ready market in Los Angeles at from three to nine dollars 
 per dozen. 
 
 Japanese Persimmons are coming into favor rapidly, especially the bet- 
 ter sorts. One man has marketed an average of $1200 an acre from his 
 persimmon orchard for the past two years. The Cherimoya is a delicious 
 fruit and will some day become exceedingly popular. It succeeds in the 
 
 GRAMMAR SCHOOLS— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 AN ORANGE COUNTY HIGHSCHOOL. 
 
 98 
 
SOME ORANGE COUNTY LIBRARIES. 
 
 same latitude and requires the same 
 care and attention as the orange. 
 
 Sapotas are found growing wild 
 in the tropical sections of Mexico 
 and are grown here successfully. 
 They are a decided favorite with 
 many visitors. 
 
 Loquats rank second to none of 
 the rare fruits grown in this climate. The better kinds are always in de- 
 mand. The Loquat, in the opinion of many people, ranks the Guava in 
 making of jells and jams. 
 
 The Feijoa was discovered growing wild in the table lands of Peru, and 
 will stand a trifle more cold than the orange. The flavor of this fruit is 
 quite similar to the pineapple and it will bear shipment to the Atlantic sea 
 board cities quite satisfactorily. 
 
 A COAST SCENE — ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 99 
 
Guavas are used almost exclusively for jelly and the demand keeps well 
 in advance of the supply. 
 
 Citron of commerce attains a size and flavor here that will some day 
 make the growing of it popular and profitable. 
 
 A number of other new fruits have lately been introduced and only 
 await the consensus of opinion before gaining popularity. 
 
 All the different varieties of oranges are grown in the county, but the 
 Valencia is the favorite. There is a combination of soil and climatic con- 
 ditions found here that lends to the Valencia its highest flavor, color and 
 keeping qualities and permits the fruit to be left on the tree until late in the 
 fall if desired, thus insuring the highest market price. 
 
 A few favored localities are almost exclusively devoted to the lemon, 
 while the walnut is a general favorite throughout the county. 
 
 Deciduous fruits thrive, the apricot being the favorite in most localities. 
 Celery claims the exclusive attention of many farmers in the rich peat lands 
 southwest of the county seat and chili peppers, potatoes, sweet potatoes, 
 cabbage and other garden truck are grown extensively in many localities. 
 
 The following data on fruit acreage in the county has been furnished by 
 the County Horticultural Commissioner. 
 
 Kind Bearing Acres Nor 
 
 Oranges .. 7240 
 
 Lemons ^ 1310 
 
 Apricots 1111 
 
 Apples - . 100 
 
 Peaches - 55 
 
 Olives 183 
 
 Walnuts 4000 
 
 Miscellaneous Fruits 
 
 Total 21,626 
 
 The County Assessor, reports the following acreage in crops : 
 
 Acres Acres 
 
 Raisin grapes 290 Beans - 35,000 
 
 Wine grapes 350 Sugar^Beets 50,000 
 
 Wheat 600 Chili Peppers 3,000 
 
 Oats . 7,000 Sweet Potatoes 1,000 
 
 Corn 375 Berries 200 
 
 Barley 31,000 Tomatoes 500 
 
 . Hay (grain) 11,000 Cabbage 2,000 
 
 Alfalfa 3,600 Vegetables 600 
 
 Potatoes 2,000 ^'S'^- Products 250 
 
 Celery 1,650 150,415 
 
 Total acreage in above reports 172,041. 
 
 !00 
 
 iring Acres 
 
 Total Acres 
 
 3287 
 
 10,520 
 
 1444 
 
 2,754 
 
 155 
 
 1,266 
 
 75 
 
 175 
 
 33 
 
 88 
 
 
 183 
 
 2040 
 
 6,040 
 
 
 600 
 
COURT HOUSE— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 A RESIDENCE STREET— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 3= 
 
 101 
 
 =0 
 
The assessment rolls of the county show 7642 horses, 2761 mules, 760 
 hogs, 3000 colonies of bees and 1950 dozen poultry. 
 
 There are 411 active oil wells in the county with an output for January, 
 1914, of 1,052,286 barrels of oil, which is a fair monthly average for the year, 
 though it is very probable that the new wells coming in will increase the 
 output to 1,250,000 barrels per month. The January average, however, 
 would give an annual output of 12,627,432 barrels; valued at $9,470,574. 
 
 Bulletin No. 65, page S3, State Mineralogist report of 1912 (latest at 
 hand) credits Orange County with $5250 for natural gas, $9100 for brick, 
 $3400 for clay, $688 for sand glass. The output and value here given has 
 more than doubled since the report was issued, especially in natural gas. 
 There is enough natural gas going to waste to run every factory and pump- 
 ing plant in the county. 
 
 The stone industry must be added to the above figures, increasing the 
 amount $21,284 or a total of $39,722. 
 
 There is in the county, gold, silver, lead, iron and coal, though the pros- 
 pects have never been legitimately exploited. 
 
 The value of the products of Orange County for 1914 is as follows: 
 
 Gasoline $ 985,500 
 
 Cream 100,000 
 
 Poultry and eggs 1,638,000 
 
 Oil 9,470,574 
 
 Mineral products 68,944 
 
 Bees and honey 100,000 
 
 Manufactured products 1,507,951 
 
 Live stock 300,000 
 
 Fish 50,000 
 
 Oranges 2,534,000 
 
 Lemons 458,500 
 
 Apricots (dried) 200,000 
 
 Apples 10,000 
 
 Peaches 6,875 
 
 Olives 37,500 
 
 Walnuts 900,000 
 
 Misc. fruits 60,000 
 
 Grapes 11,600 
 
 Wheat 15,000 
 
 Oats 140,000 
 
 Corn 18,750 
 
 Barley 620,000 
 
 Grain hay 114,800 
 
 Alfalfa 162,000 
 
 ChiU 300,000 
 
 Potatoes 200,000 
 
 Sweet potatoes 200,000 
 
 Celery 495,000 
 
 Cabbage 120,000 
 
 Tomatoes 30,000 
 
 Berries 20,000 
 
 Beans 1,848,000 
 
 Sugar beets 3,025,000 
 
 Sugar 6,162,464 
 
 Wine and beers 125,000 
 
 Total $32,035,464 
 
 In 1914 there were harvested 50,000 acres of sugar beets yielding an 
 average of 11 tons per acre or 550,000 tons. The value of which was an 
 average of $5.50 per ton or $3,025,000. 
 
 The five sugar factories of the county converted this crop into 154,061,- 
 624 pounds of sugar valued at $4.00 per 100 pounds or $6,162,464. These 
 five factories employ jointly 1325 people during the refining season (100 
 days), the pay roll for which amounts to $441,250. 
 
 102 
 
RESIDENCE— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 Aside from the five sugar factories there are in the county 26 fruit pack- 
 ing houses, 6 walnut packing houses, 2 fruit and vegetable canneries, one 
 with an output of 20,000 cases of goods annually, the other just started, 12 
 chili drying plants, 9 grain warehouses, 1 linoleum and oil cloth factory, 1 
 broom factory, 1 brewery, 4 wineries, 2 brick yards, 6 cement pipe plants, 
 3 stone and marble plants, 2 flour meal and cereal product mills, 1 auto tire 
 factory, 1 rug factory, 2 oil refineries, 4 plants for extracting gasoline from 
 the natural gas with an output of 27,000 gallons per day, or 9,855,000 gallons 
 per annum. 
 
 There are now 60,000 acres of land in the county under irrigation and 
 this can easily be doubled. There is a large acreage that requires no irri- 
 gation for any kind of a crop. 
 
 The educational facilities of the county have kept pace with its progress. 
 The following data has been furnished by the County Superintendent of 
 Public Instruction. 
 
 Number of high school districts in county 5 
 
 Number of teachers employed 92 
 
 Average daily attendance 1389 
 
 Value of high school buildings and equipment $863,000 
 
 Elementary schools - 48 
 
 Average daily attendance 4807 
 
 Value of school buildings and equipment $631,383 
 
 Iol= 
 
 103 
 
SOME OF THE CHURCHES— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
MODJESKA HOME— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 The various Women's Clubs of Orange County take an active interest 
 in all things pertaining to the welfare of the county. Nearly every city has 
 its club, the county having a federation of women's clubs. 
 
 GOOD ROADS. 
 Orange County is noted for its great system of good roads, which makes 
 travelling a pleasure for the 3400 auto owners in the county. These roads 
 were built with the proceeds of a Road Bond issue of $1,270,000 in addition 
 to the state highway which extends through the entire county. 
 
 SANTA ANA, THE COUNTY SEAT. 
 
 Santa Ana is the seat of county government, located 35 miles southeast 
 of Los Angeles at an altitude of 128 feet above the sea, average seasonal 
 rainfall 15 inches. 
 
 The city proper has a population of 15,000 people, and in the matter of 
 transportation facilities is served by the Santa Fe, Southern Pacific and Pa- 
 cific Electric Railroads. It is the center of the county good roads with the 
 state highway as the main thoroughfare. 
 
 In educational facilities Santa Ana ranks high. The high school group 
 consists of three large modern completely equipped buildings costing $286,- 
 000. This group occupies an 18 acre campus. A sufficient amount of land 
 has been set apart for agricultural and horticultural experiments and a com- 
 petent instructor has been provided for special training along that line. 
 There are also eight splendid elementary school buildings. 
 
 1&= 
 
 105 
 
ONE OF FIVE SUGAR FACTORIES— ORANGE COUNTY 
 
 STREET SCENE— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 106 
 
 — — 
 
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 1 
 
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 *::\ 
 
 
 
 ONE OF THE HIGH SCHOOLS— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 There are 2 ice and cold storage plants, 1 iron and brass foundry, 3 ma- 
 chine repair shops, 4 planing mills, 1 artificial stone plant, 2 marble and 
 granite works and 1 brick yard. 
 
 Santa Ana has 16 miles of paved streets, 50 miles of graded streets, 100 
 miles of cement sidewalks, 2 parks, and a speedway. 
 
 The county court house, costing $161,000, county jail, costing $30,000, 
 and detention home, costing $4000, are all located in the city. The county 
 farm and hospital, valued at $100,000, is located just outside the city limits. 
 
 There are 2 daily and one weekly newspapers and an active Chamber of 
 Commerce. The Orange County Associated Chambers of Commerce is an 
 active body composed of representatives from each of 19 organizations from 
 various sections of the county. 
 
 HAULING BEANS— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 107 
 
 m 
 
AN OIL DISTRICT— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 ORANGE PICKERS— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 108 
 
GARDEN GROVE. 
 Garden Grove is six miles 
 
 west of Santa Ana with 
 
 every product common to 
 
 the county. The town is 86 
 
 feet above sea level, and for 
 
 transportation, the Pacific 
 
 Electric Railroad furnish 
 
 ample accommodations. 
 
 There is 1 hotel, 1 apart- 
 ment, 1 rooming house and 
 
 restaurant. There are a 
 
 number of substantial busi- 
 ness blocks, a bank,* 6 
 
 churches and a number of 
 
 fraternal organizations. 
 
 There is a fine grammar 
 
 school building costing 
 
 $25,000. 
 
 The town is supplied with 
 
 natural gas and has good 
 
 paved streets and a weekly 
 
 newspaper. 
 
 There is a large walnut 
 
 packing house that shipped 
 
 SpO tons of nuts worth $150,- 
 
 000. There is one chili pep- tomato vine. 
 
 per drying plant that handled the crop of 2000 acres. Improved lands in 
 
 the vicinity can be purchased at from $500 to $1000 per acre. There are no 
 
 unimproved lands in the district. 
 
 Source of water supply, private pumping plants from wells with an 
 
 average depth of 180 feet, average pump lift 40 feet. A pumping plant can 
 
 be installed at a cost of about $1500 and a good 12 inch cased well will 
 
 produce about 80 miners 
 inches of water. The aver- 
 age cost of irrigation in this 
 region from private purnping 
 plants is about $7.50 per 
 acre per annum. 
 
 WESTMINSTER. 
 Westminster lies west of 
 Santa Ana about 10 miles 
 and is a thriving village with 
 ample school accommoda- 
 tions, 2 churches and other 
 FRUIT DRYING-ORANGE COUNTY. conveniences. This is strictly 
 
 109 
 
ALFALFA— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 no 
 
 WALNUT GROVE— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 =m 
 
a farming community with 
 hundreds of acres of sugar 
 l)eets, beans, alfalfa, grain, 
 <lairies and poultry with 
 quite a vegetable industry. 
 
 There are about 10,000 
 acres of land tributary to the 
 village all in cultivation. 
 Improved lands bring from 
 $300 to $600 per acre. 
 
 HUNTINGTON BEACH. sugar factory— ojiange county. 
 
 Huntington Beach lies 12 miles southwest of Santa Ana, is incorporated 
 and has a population of 2000 people. It is pleasantly located on the blufT 
 overlooking the ocean, has substantial business blocks and good oiled and 
 paved streets. There is a splendid $25,000 high school building set in a 
 
 10 acre campus, improved 
 and equipped for popular 
 athletic sports. 
 
 Huntington Beach has 
 an electric lighted, concrete 
 municipal pleasure and fish- 
 ing pier, 1315 feet long and 
 25 feet wide, costing $70,000. 
 There are 5 good church 
 buildings and a $10,000 pub- 
 lic library with 3500 vol- 
 umes. 
 
 Huntington Beach is a 
 INTERIOR ORANGE PACKING HOUSE. city of Substantial homes 
 
 surrounded on three sides by a rich and productive territory. The Holly 
 Sugar Factory costing $1,250,000, employing 400 men in season, slicing the 
 beets from 12,000 acres and converting them into sugar worth $1,000,000 
 per annum, is located just outside the city limits. 
 
 A linoleum arid oil cloth 
 factory has just been erected 
 and put in operation, and 
 when fully completed will 
 cost $200,000 and give em- 
 ployment to 250 people. The 
 Pacific Broom factory has a 
 plant here employing 15 peo- 
 ple with annual production 
 o f $180,000. Los B o 1 s a 
 Drain Tile factory employs 
 10 men and has an annual 
 output valued at $25,000 £1- 
 
 ORANGE PACKING HOUSE. 
 
 Ill 
 
©= 
 
 The famous celery fields 
 known as the peat lands ad- 
 join the city. Here are 1650 
 acres of as rich land as the 
 world can boast devoted to 
 this one crop that returned 
 the growers in one year 
 $150,000. 
 
 Improved lands bring 
 from $400 to $700 per acre. 
 Unimproved from $300 to 
 $600. 
 
 The city is served by the 
 Pacific Electric Railroad and 
 there are good roads radiating to all points and a coast boulevard connects 
 all branch towns. 
 
 NEWPORT BEACH. 
 Newport Beach, within the limits of which are East Newport, West 
 Newport and Balboa, is a popular seaside resort located 10 miles southwest 
 of Santa Ana. It has 2 good hotels, apartments, rooming houses and cot- 
 
 HAULING BEANS TO WAREHOUSE. 
 
 A DAIRY HERD— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 112 
 
 =0 
 
p- 
 
 A ROSE TREE— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 tages available for use of transient visitors. There are 2 pleasure and fish- 
 ing piers, 3 pavilions, boating and bathing. 
 
 There are good business blocks with well filled stores, a bank, a news- 
 paper and a Chamber of Commerce. There is a splendid brick grammar 
 school building. 
 
 There was marketed from this place 627,146 pounds of fish for which 
 was received $36,060. The Jew fish, Tuna, Halibut, Sea Bass, Black Bass, 
 Rock Cod and Smelt are the principal varieties that frequent the waters of 
 Newport Beach. 
 
 Newport Beach has many attractions. The people are lovers of clean 
 sport and the South Coast Yacht Club House is the scene of many pleasant 
 gatherings. The Orange County Club house, located just outside the city, 
 has refined fittings and an artistic appearance. 
 
 On the Mesa rising above the city there are 250 acres of walnuts, 400 
 acres of lemons, 100 acres of Valencia oranges, 250 acres of deciduous fruits, 
 3000 acres of lima beans, 3000 acres of grain and 75 acres of melons and 
 vegetables. 
 
 Partially improved lands can be purchased at from $750 to $1000 per 
 acre. The orchards are all young, just coming into bearing. Unimproved 
 lands bring from $400 to $500 per acre. 
 
 The water supply comes from wells at an average depth of 365 feet, 
 average pump lift 25 feet; the cost is nominal. 
 
 ,113 
 
==p 
 
 AN OIL FIELD— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 SAN JUAN CAPISTRANO. 
 
 San Juan Capistrano is located 27 miles south of Santa Ana on the main 
 line of the Santa Fe Railroad and on the state highway at an elevation of 
 103 feet above the sea; tributary population 500 people. There are stores, 
 postoffice, W9odmen's Hall, hotel and a grammar school. 
 
 There are 500 acres of fruit and nuts, principally walnuts, 14,000 acres of 
 g^rain, 2000 acres of beans, many acres of vegetables and 5000 head of range 
 cattle. There are a number of apiaries and a few poultry farms. 
 
 San Juan Capistrano was founded by the Franciscan Fathers and the 
 old mission bearing that name occupies a prominent site in the town. 
 
 EL TORO. 
 
 El Toro lies 18 miles southeast of Santa Ana on the Santa Fe railroad 
 and has store, postoffice, hotel, school, church and 2 large warehouses. 
 
 There is quite an acreage in olives, walnuts, citrus fruits and beans, but 
 the big acreage is in grain. A large number of cattle are pafstured in the 
 nearby hills and there are a few bees and small poultry farms. 
 
 SAN JOAQUIN RANCH. 
 
 The San Joaquin Ranch with its countless acres spreading out from the 
 mountains to the sea lies just north of El Toro and stretches out to Tustin 
 on the north. 
 
 Irvine is the principal railroad station and has good store, church, school, 
 hotel and 2 large warehouses for grain and beans. More than 20,000 acres 
 
 114 
 
OIL DERRICKS— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 of this vast estate is devoted to beans. There is some grain, alfalfa and 
 sugar beets grown and there are thousands of cattle pastured on the range. 
 
 In walnuts, apricots, olives, lemons and oranges there are some 2500 
 acres. The water supply comes from Santiago Canyon and from pumping 
 plants established on the ranch and is procured at nominal cost. 
 
 TUSTIN. 
 
 Tustin is one of the oldest orange and walnut producing sections in the 
 county, with stores, church, bank, schools and other conveniences. It is 
 not a city, it is a community of happy homes owned by prosperous and 
 contented people. 
 
 Tustin is literally walled in with forests of lemons, oranges, walnuts and 
 apricots and carpeted with hundreds of acres of beans, beets, alfalfa and 
 vegetables. It is the natural home of the Klondyke walnut. Three fruit 
 packing houses handle the fruit crop. , 
 
 The water supply comes from the Santa Ana Valley Irrigation system 
 and private wells at the same cost as other districts under the system. Im- 
 proved land brings from $2000 to $3000 per acre. There is no unimproved 
 land. 
 
 ORANGE. 
 
 Orange is located 3 miles north of Santa Ana at an altitude of 160 feet, 
 average seasonal rainfall 15 inches. In transportation the Santa Fe, South- 
 ern Pacific and Pacific Electric railroads give ample service and a splendid 
 system of boulevards radiate in every direction. 
 
 lis 
 
GOOD ROADS— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 Orange has a population of 4750 people, 4 banks, 3 hotels, apartments, 
 restaurants and the usual number of mercantile establishments common to 
 a thriving little city. There is a public library, 8 churches, 3 theaters, public 
 hall, club rooms and the usual number of fraternal and secret organizations, 
 some of which own their buildings. 
 
 Here as elsewhere in the county, we find splendid educational facilities. 
 A group of high school buildings have just been completed at a cost of 
 $75,000. Three good buildings have been provided for scholars in the inter- 
 mediate grades. 
 
 The city, as its name implies, is located in the heart of the orange belt 
 and 5 fruit packing houses handle the immense crop. One walnut packing 
 house ships 350 tons of nuts annually. A large vegetable packing and 
 shipping company in the neighborhood sends to market annually more than 
 $100,000 worth of products. 
 
 The water supply comes from various sources. The Santa Ana Valley 
 Irrigation Company supplies a portion of the territory at a cost ranging 
 from four to seven dollars per acre per annum. The Carpenter-Serrano 
 Water Company furnishes water to a portion of the territory from the San- 
 tiago Creek at about the same cost. 
 
 Rearing citrus fruit groves may be purchased at from $2000 to $2500 per 
 acre and there is a large acreage of outlying unimproved land suitable for 
 citrus fniitp that is held at from $300 to $800 per acre. 
 
 The city has a municipal band, 1 daily and 2 weekly newspapers, a mer- 
 chants and manufacturers association and an active Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 116 
 
ORANGE GROVES— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 OLIVE. 
 
 Olive lies a few miles north of Orange with store, postofifice, school, 
 church, fruit packing house and a flour mill. 
 
 A large acreage of fruit, nuts, vegetables and grain are grown in the 
 vicinity and there is a large number of cattle on the hills. Water supply 
 and land values are the same as Orange. 
 
 RICHFIELD. 
 Richfield on the north side of the river, 12 miles north of Santa Ana, is 
 a new section just coming into notice. There is a store, postofifice, school 
 facilities and quite an acreage in young orchards and other products. 
 
 PLACENTIA. 
 
 Placentia is located about 12 miles north of Santa Ana at an elevation 
 of 200 feet, average seasonal rainfall 15 inches, population 500. There are 
 a number of good stores, bank, church, public hall, weekly newspaper and 
 a number of fraternal organizations. 
 
 There is a $50,000 modern grammar school building, hotel, and a new 
 cannery operating on fruit and vegetables. This cannery is out of the 
 ordinary in as much as the projectors control the only known process for 
 preserving the orange in its fresh state which promises much for the future. 
 
 There are four fruit packing houses that shipped last season 1100 cars of 
 citrus fruits. Orange groves bring from $1500 per acre up; walnut groves 
 
 lsl= 
 
 117 
 
Hgl 
 
 RESIDENCE STREET— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 from $1200 to $1500 per acre. There are 1000 acres of unimproved land 
 tributary that can be purchased at from $300 to $500 per acre. 
 
 The water supply comes from the Anaheim Union Water Company, the 
 cost varies with the season and product irrigated from $3.50 to $7.00 per 
 acre per annum. 
 
 The Placentia oil district is rapidly closing in on the orchards and a 
 number of good producers have already been brought in and a score of new 
 derricks are in sight. The average depth of the wells is 3300 feet and the 
 oil is of good quality. 
 
 Placentia has a Chamber of Commerce whose secretary will answer all 
 inquiries. 
 
 YORBA LINDA. 
 Yorba Linda lies a few miles north of Placentia and is a thriving village 
 with a store, postoffice, church, school and hotel. There is in the vicinity 
 3000 acres of citrus fruit, some of it just coming into bearing. The lemon 
 predominates. The Avocado is being planted to a limited extent and prom- 
 ises well. 
 
 . Improved land sells for from $1500 to $2500 per acre; unimproved from 
 $500 to $1000. 
 
 The water supply comes from the Anaheim Union Water Company and 
 the Yorba Linda Water Company. 
 
 let 
 
 118 
 
STILL WATER SCENE— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 ANAHEIM. 
 
 Anaheim lies 8 miles north of Santa Ana at an elevation of 130 feet and 
 is served by both the Santa Fe and Southern Pacific railroads. It is a sub- 
 stantial city of 4500 prosperous people. 
 
 It has 5 banks, commercial hotel, apartments, rooming houses and res- 
 taurants. There are three public halls, public library, 2 theaters and many 
 fraternal organizations. There is an Odd Fellow building, a Masonic 
 Temple, costing $42,000 and 10 churches. 
 
 In educational facilities Anaheim has 8 buildings costing $150,000 form- 
 ing a high school group and four elementary school buildings. There are 
 also two private schools. 
 
 There is a large sugar factory, slicing the beets from 8500 acres of land, 
 an auto tire factory, rug factory, brewery, 4 wineries, a walnut packing 
 house, three fruit packing houses that ship on an average 29 cars of fruii 
 per day during packing season. 
 
 Truck gardening is carried on extensively, special attention being given 
 chili peppers and sweet potatoes. There are a few peanuts grown in the 
 community. 
 
 Improved lands sell for from $2000 to $3000 per acre. Irrigation water 
 comes from the Anaheim Union Water Company and from private pump- 
 ing plants, the cost per acre ranging from $3.50 to $7.00 per annum. 
 
 Anaheim has one daily and two weekly newspapers and a Board of Trade. 
 
 FULLERTON. 
 
 Fullerton lies 12 miles north of Santa Ana at an altitude of 135 feet, pop- 
 ulation 3500, average seasonal rainfall 15 inches. The city has 2 banks, 
 theater, 3 hotels, 2 public halls, public library and 6 churches. 
 
 A 15 acre campus is adorned with 11 buildings constituting the high 
 school group that has been provided at a cost of $280,500. There are 2 
 elementary school buildings costing $100,000. There are one daily and two 
 weekly newspapers. 
 
 The principal industry is fruit, though 1000 acres of beets, ,500 acres of 
 beans and many acres of vegetables are grown annually. It requires 5 
 large packing houses to handle the fruit crop. 
 
 Improved orchards bring from $1500 to $3000 per acre. Unimproved 
 land brings from $700 to $1000 per acre. 
 
 0== 
 
 119 
 
HAULING HAY— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 Water conies from the Anaheim Union Water Company at the same 
 cost as other localities and from private wells ranging in depth from 
 100 feet to 350 feet. The cost of pumping is about $7.50 per acre per annum. 
 
 Fullerton is in the heart of the oil district and east, west and north the 
 wells extend from the very city limits miles in extent. This industry adds 
 largely to the business and prosperity of the city. The Santa Fe railroad 
 furnishes the rail transportation and there are good roads everywliere. 
 There is an active Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 BREA. 
 
 Brea lies 16 miles north of Santa Ana at an altitude of 500 feet, average 
 seasonal rainfall 16 inches ; tributary population 70O. The town has a good 
 hotel, bank, theater, public hall, 2 churches, numerous stores and a $10,000 
 grammar school building. 
 
 In industries there are the Standard Oil Co. shops, the Union Oil Tool 
 Co., Brea Boiler Works and the Brea Machine Works. 
 
 There are 4 gasoline plants in the vicinity extracting 27,000 gallons of 
 gasoline per day from the natural gas; the residue or gas after the oil is 
 taken from it is used in firing engines and for domestic purposes. 
 
 There are 300 acres of citrus fruits mostly lemons, 200 acres of walnuts, 
 2000 acres of grain and hay, 200 acres of beans and vegetables. 
 
 120 
 
Improved lands bring from $2000 to $2500 per acre. There are 4000 
 acres of unimproved land in the vicinity, a small portion of which is offered 
 at $800 per acre. 
 
 The water supply come.s from the Whittier Water Company, furnished 
 through the La Habra Water Company. 
 
 The Pacific Electric Railway gives ample service. The local Chamber of 
 Commerce is doing much good work. 
 
 LA HABRA. 
 
 La Habra lies west of Brea, 16 miles north of Santa Ana, elevation 500 
 feet, average seasonal rainfall 16 inches, population 500. The town has 
 stores, hotel, theater, public open air pavilion, bank, church and a $38,000 
 grammar school building, a weekly newspaper, also a Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 The principal fruit products of the vicinity are 1400 acres of citrus 
 groves, mostly lemons, and 900 acres of walnuts. There is a well equipped 
 packing house, shipping this season 185 cars of lemons and 70 cars of Valen- 
 cia oranges. A walnut packing house near by prepared 23 cars of walnuts 
 for market. 
 
 Water is furnished by the La Habra Water Company. Improved land 
 sells for from $2000 to $3000 per acre. 
 
 In every direction huge oil derricks tower skywards, while hundreds of 
 active wells are busy supplying the twelve 55,000 barrel tanks that feed the 
 pipe line stretching out to San Pedro. 
 
 Along the north line of the county toward the ocean are Buean Park, 
 Cypress and many other prosperous localities, all teeming with fruits, nuts, 
 vegetables, beets, beans, alfalfa, grain and hay. At Los Alamitos near the 
 northwest corner of the county, is the pioneer sugar factory of the county, 
 having been established in 1896-7. The payroll here carried 400 people in 
 season and there is an acreage of 12,000 beets to draw from. 
 
 PLEASURE RESORTS. 
 
 SEAL BEACH lies in the northwest corner of the county and is a pleas- 
 ant place to spend an outing. The town is new, has a permanent popula- 
 tion of 500 people, with good stores, postofifice, school and a fine pavilion. 
 There is a hotel, cottages, tents and a fine fishing pier and bathing beach. 
 
 ANAHEIM LANDING a mile south has a large pavilion, fishing pier, 
 bathing beach, hotel and good camping privileges. 
 
 SUNSET BEACH further south has hotel, cottages, tents, pavilion, 
 club house, fishing pier and still water boating. 
 
 Huntington Beach and Newport Beach are still further south and are 
 more fully described elsewhere in these pages. 
 
 EAST NEWPORT and BALBOA (within the city hmits of Newport 
 Beach) are in a class by themselves in many ways. There is a splendid 
 hotel, cottages and camping privileges with all the modern accommoda- 
 tions. They have the advantage of both still water and surf bathing, boating 
 or fishing. 
 
 There are two large pavilions built out over the waters of Newport Bay, 
 giving a superb view of bay, ocean, mountain, Balboa Island and Corona 
 
 B ■■ 1^ 
 
IN THE HILLS OF ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
A COUNTRY BRIDGE— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 Del Mar, a nearby picturesque resort on the seashore with good hotel, cot- 
 tages and camping privileges. 
 
 LAGUNA BEACH is near the mouth of the Laguna Canyon about 12 
 miles west of San Juan and here is a wonderful stretch of shoreline and 
 beach offering rare attractions. There is good fishing from the rocks and 
 mussel and abalone beds are uncovered at low tide and moonstone and shell 
 hunters find rich rewards. 
 
 There are splendid accommodations for all visitors and the assurance 
 of a pleasant outing. Pomona College has lately established at Laguna 
 Beach a marine laboratory and it is confidently hoped to extend the scope 
 of this work to a fully equipped Biological station. 
 
 ARCH BEACH, but a mile east, has a good hotel, cottages and all the 
 attractions of its sister resort to the west. 
 
 SERRA, (or San Juan by the Sea) is located 4 miles south of San Juan 
 and is a favorite camping place with many of the old time residents. 
 
 Twelve miles east of San Juan in Mission Viejo Canyon is the San Juan 
 Hot Springs, a resort, whose wonderful waters are credited with marvelous 
 cures. It was to these springs the Padres fled when frightened by the pirate 
 raids along the coast. It was here "The Stranger" found refuge when 
 wounded in the last raid of the bandit chief "Flores". 
 
 123 
 
SANTA ANA RIVER— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
 Here the visitor will find good accommodations at the hotel, or if he 
 prefers, there are cottages and tents at his disposal at reasonable cost. 
 
 North of the San Juan Springs there are the Canyons of Trabuca, Aliso, 
 Silverado and Santiago, all reached over good mountain roads. In these 
 canyons one can find many shady nooks and cozy dells that appeal to lovers 
 of out door camp life. There is water in plenty and there is game in season. 
 
 The Santiago Canyon, made famous by reason of the late Madame Mod- 
 jeska's summer home "Arden", is perhaps the most frequented of the lot, 
 and it is well worthy of the camper's attention. A syndicate of wealthy 
 men have purchased this famous home and converted it into a country 
 club. There is plenty of small game and the stream has been stocked with 
 trout. The Orange County Park, consisting of 160 acres, is located in this 
 canyon. 
 
 Recreation Clubs and Sports: Orange County has her Rifle Clubs, golf 
 clubs, tennis clubs, basket ball clubs, athletic clubs, country clubs and many 
 other pastime and recreation organizations. The gun .clubs of Orange 
 County number an even dozen, all with splendid club houses, located in the 
 "duck lands" bordering the ocean west and south of Santa Ana and some of 
 the holdings reach tidewater. 
 
 The gun clubs like the farms of Orange County are independent of the 
 rains. As the duck season approaches an artesian well is uncapped, the 
 
 124 
 
SOME PARK SCENES— ORANGE COUNTY. 
 
ponds are soon filled, and made ready for the first flight of birds. The 
 amount of land owned by individual clubs vary from five acres to as many 
 as 3000. 
 
 The weather statistics hereto appended are the records for September 
 and January, those being the hottest and coldest months in Southern Cali- 
 fornia. 
 
 Sept. 
 
 September, 1913. 
 Maximum Minimum 
 
 1, 80 degrees 66 degrees 
 
 Jan. 
 
 2, 
 
 78 " 
 
 64 
 
 3, 
 
 80 ■• 
 
 57 
 
 4, 
 
 83 •• 
 
 58 
 
 5, 
 
 81 •' 
 
 62 
 
 6, 
 
 80 " 
 
 64 
 
 7, 
 
 81 •• 
 
 65 
 
 8, 
 
 81 " 
 
 62 
 
 9, 
 
 87 ■■ 
 
 52 
 
 10, 
 
 94 •• 
 
 59 
 
 11, 
 
 95 '• 
 
 60 
 
 12, 
 
 93 •• 
 
 62 
 
 13, 
 
 93 " 
 
 64 
 
 14, 
 
 86 " 
 
 59 
 
 15, 
 
 86 " 
 
 58 
 
 16, 
 
 98 " 
 
 59 
 
 17, 
 
 106 " 
 
 62 
 
 18, 
 
 88 •■ 
 
 72 
 
 19, 
 
 88 •■ 
 
 65 
 
 20, 
 
 86 •■ 
 
 65 
 
 21, 
 
 86 '• 
 
 62 
 
 22, 
 
 79 •• 
 
 64 
 
 23, 
 
 74 •■ 
 
 66 
 
 24, 
 
 80 •• 
 
 57 
 
 25, 
 
 82 •• 
 
 54 
 
 26, 
 
 90 '■ 
 
 52 
 
 27, 
 
 90 " 
 
 52 
 
 28, 
 
 85 '• 
 
 34 
 
 29, 
 
 76 •• 
 
 57 
 
 30, 
 
 83 " 
 
 53 
 
 January, 
 
 1914. 
 
 Maximum 
 
 Minimum 
 
 1, 60 degrees 41 degrees 
 
 2, 59 " 
 
 50 " 
 
 3, 58 
 
 53 '■ 
 
 4, 70 •• 
 
 52 •• 
 
 5, 76 •• 
 
 45 •• 
 
 6, 76 •• 
 
 43 •■ 
 
 7, 70 " 
 
 43 •• 
 
 8, 67 •• 
 
 47 •■ 
 
 9, 62 •■ 
 
 38 " 
 
 10, 67 " 
 
 44 " 
 
 11, 70 ■• 
 
 38 •• 
 
 12, 66 •• 
 
 40 " 
 
 13, 67 •■ 
 
 36 '• 
 
 14, 70 " 
 
 36 '• 
 
 15, 69 " 
 
 40 " 
 
 16, 64 " 
 
 57 " 
 
 17, 62 " 
 
 51 " 
 
 18, 63 '• 
 
 54 " 
 
 19, 60 •• 
 
 47 " 
 
 20, 60 " 
 
 38 " 
 
 21, 63 " 
 
 38 " 
 
 22, 64 " 
 
 42 '• 
 
 23, 66 " 
 
 48 '• 
 
 24, 62 " 
 
 53 " 
 
 25, 64 " 
 
 56 " 
 
 26, 61 " 
 
 55 " 
 
 27, 62 " 
 
 48 •• 
 
 28, 60 " 
 
 36 " 
 
 29, 67 •' 
 
 38 ■• 
 
 30, 68 " 
 
 40 •• 
 
 31, 68 " 
 
 42 •• 
 
 Maximum average....86j^ degrees 
 Minimum average ....&)yi degrees 
 Average temperature for Septem- 
 ber 73^2 degrees. 
 
 Maximum average 65 degrees 
 
 Minimum average 45 degrees 
 
 Average temperature for January 
 55 degrees. 
 
 i 
 
 Average precipitation for the season 14 inches. 
 
 For further information address any Chamber of Commerce or Board of 
 Trade in Orange County. 
 
 126 
 
Riverside County 
 
 CIVERSIDE COUNTY was created March 11. 189.^ 
 from portions of San Diego and San Bernardino 
 Counties and is bounded on the south by San Diego 
 and Imperial Counties, on the east by the Colorado 
 River, on the north by San Bernardino County and 
 on the west by San Bernardino and Orange Counties. 
 It contains 7240 square miles, divided nearly equal 
 between mountain and plain. 
 
 In 1910 the population was 34,696, in 1914 a con- 
 servative estimate places the population at 50,000 
 people with a total property valuation, as shown by 
 the county assessment rolls of $34,005,577. The 
 County tax rate exclusive of special taxes was $1,561 on the $100 valuation. 
 The bond indebtedness of the county, including the new highway bond 
 issue of $1,225,000 is $1,375,000. The total value of all property owned by 
 the County, exclusive of roads, bridges and cash in treasury, is $413,843.41. 
 The total amount of land appearing on the assessment roll of the county 
 is 1,252,392.70 acres. 
 
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 RUBIDOUX MOUNTAIN— EASTER MORNING. 
 
 127 
 
PALM CANYON— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
=o 
 
 A RIVERSIDE COUNTY DRIVE. 
 
 The county has 10 high schools, employing 66 teachers, and 67 grammar 
 schools employing 228 teachers, total number of teachers 294. Total en- 
 rollment of pupils 5873. Average daily attendance 4798. To the above 
 facilities must be added a commercial college and numerous private schools. 
 
 Citrus culture is the chief industry of Riverside County. The Wash- 
 ington Navel orange originated here and the parent trees, from which all 
 the groves of that variety were derived, are still flourishing. Most of the 
 standard methods of culture and of handling and marketing citrus fruits 
 were devised and perfected in Riverside. The problem of marketing was 
 solved by adoption of the exchange system worked out by the Riverside 
 growers. 
 
 CEMENT PLANT— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 P= 
 
 129 
 
 =fll 
 
=|Q1 
 
 ELSINORE LAKE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 In 1913 Riverside County had 135,006 acres of bearing orchards and 11,- 
 518 acres of non-bearing orchards, classified by The County Horticultural 
 Commissioner, the acreage and varieties are as follows: 
 
 Oranges 19,657 acres 
 
 Lemons 4,674 
 
 Grapefruit 158 
 
 Citron 56 
 
 Total 24,545 
 
 Apricots 3,403 
 
 Apples 2,345 
 
 Cherries 248 
 
 Figs 
 
 Olives .. 
 Peaches 
 Pears ... 
 Plums .. 
 Prunes . 
 
 Total 
 
 Walnuts 
 
 Almonds .. 
 
 46 
 
 1,424 
 
 1,010 
 
 367 
 
 13 
 
 221 
 
 9,077 
 1,166 
 7,857 
 
 Total 9,023 " 
 
 Acreage in grapes, 4000. 
 
 Dates, imported Deglet Noor ofT-shoots in bearing, 50 acres; non-bear- 
 ing, 250 acres; seedlings, non-bearing, 800 acres. The non-bearing trees 
 will come into bearing in one, two and three years. 
 
 Other crops of note.— Alfalfa, 25,000 acres; grain, 150,000 acres; sugar 
 beets, 300 acres ; potatoes, 300 acres ; berries, 50 acres. 
 
 130 
 
 ==0 
 
Live stock. — Stock cattle, 15,000; dairy cows, 3100; horses, 8000; mules, 
 1287; sheep, 3500; hogs, 3485; goats, 200; fowls, 4046 dozen; bees, 13,465 
 colonies. 
 
 The soil of all Southern California is based on the primitive granite and 
 Riverside is no exception to the rule. In the main, the soil is decomposed 
 granite, sandy loam and silt varying in color from a light gray to a dark 
 brown. 
 
 The climate of Riverside is of the choice orange belt variety as will 
 appear from the following official U. S. Weather report. 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL SURVEY. 
 Station — Riverside, County — Riverside, Elevation 851 feet. 
 
 Temperature. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 Jan., 51.1; Feb., 52.7; March, 55.9; April, 60.4; May, 65.2; June, 70.6; 
 
 July, 76.3; Aug., 76.4; Sept., 72.1; Oct., 64.2; Nov., 58.2; Dec, 53.4; Annual, 
 
 63.0. -. -. . 
 
 Mean Maxnnum. 
 
 Jan., 65.8; Feb., 67.2; March, 69.1; April, 75.6; May, 77.9; June, 85.9; 
 July, 92.9; Aug., 92.3; Sept., 89.2; Oct., 81.4; Nov., 73.6; Dec, 67.6; Annual, 
 
 78 2 
 
 Mean Minimum. 
 
 Jan., 38.6; Feb., 40.0; Mar., 42.0; April, 45.5; May, 48.4; June, 52.4; July, 
 57.2; Aug., 56.7; Sept., 53.4; Oct., 47.6; Nov., 42.1; Dec, 37.9; Annual, 46.8. 
 
 HEMET DAM— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 1,31 
 
=0 
 
 Precipitation. 
 
 July, 0.02; Aug., 0.16; Sept., 0.15; Oct., 0.52; Nov., 0.75; Dec, 1.63; Jan., 
 
 2.04; Feb., 1.88; March, 2.36; April, 0.69; May, 0.33; June, 0.04; Seasonal, 
 
 10-56. ,,^ ^ 
 
 Weather. 
 
 Average number days with 0.01 inch rain. 
 
 Jan., 7; Feb., 6; March, 8; April, 3; May, 3; June, 1; July, 0; Aug., 0; 
 Sept., 1; Oct., 3; Nov., 3; Dec, 4; Total for year, 39. 
 
 Total number days during year — Clear, 232; Partly cloudy, 76; cloudy, 
 
 ^^' RIVERSIDE CITY. 
 
 It was Shakespeare who declared "there was nothing in a name", but 
 that was long before the introduction into California of the Washington 
 Navel orange or the creation of Riverside County. 
 
 It is conceded "there is but one Southern California" and but one Riv- 
 erside, one Glenwood Mission Inn, and one Frank Miller, its architect, 
 builder and genial Master. 
 
 Riverside the county seat, has a population of 18,000 people. It is lo- 
 cated 60 miles east of Los Angeles at an altitude of 900 feet and has an 
 average seasonal rainfall of 14 inches. 
 
 The city is tapped by three transcontinental railroads, the Southern Pa- 
 cific, Santa Fe and Salt Lake and the Pacific Electric Interurban system 
 connects it with Los Angeles, all important cities enroute and neighboring 
 cities as well. The healthful climate, lure of mission architecture, substan- 
 tial business blocks, elegant 
 churches, commodious 
 schools, unique hotels, beau- 
 tiful parks, magnificent ave- 
 nues, splendid citizenship 
 and civic pride are among its 
 charms. 
 
 Here in the residential 
 district of "the city that is 
 different" the family man- 
 sion is given over to creep- 
 ing vines and climbing roses 
 and the owner literally Jives 
 out in the open "under his 
 own vine and fig tree" sur- 
 rounded by the orange and 
 lemon, a sure source of rev- 
 enue at his door, ample to 
 meet all demands. 
 
 There are other reasons 
 why Riverside is "different". 
 The city proper contains 28,- 
 160 acres upon which is 
 
 
 
 
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 A PALM DRIVE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 132 
 
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 growing and in full bearing 
 over 16,000 acres of citrus 
 fruits, the like of which can- 
 not be duplicated in any 
 other city in the world. 
 
 The Glenwood Mission 
 Inn stands at the head of the 
 list of California's unique 
 and popular hotels. Fifteen 
 fruit packing houses with a 
 crew of 2000 employees pick 
 and pack millions of boxes 
 of citrus fruit for the eas|ern 
 market. 
 
 Two large planing mills irrigating canal-riverside county. 
 
 employ 109 men; two iron and machine works employ 89 men; one sheet 
 metal works employs 60 men. There are two brick yards; three candy fac- 
 tories, two cigar factories, two artificial stone plants, one cabinet shop, one 
 tent and awning factory, one carriage and wagon factory, one cement and 
 flume factory, one marble and granite works, one ice and cold storage plant 
 all with good pay rolls, and a large number of railroad employees of the four 
 lines doing business here. The Riverside Portland Cement Co. with 800 em- 
 ployees, is located one mile and a half from the city. 
 
 Riverside has three commercial hotels, numerous apartments, rooming 
 houses and restaurants. A $90,000 federal building occupies a prominent 
 corner and the Sherman Indian School with a score of handsome buildings 
 grouped in a 40 acre highly improved campus, and a hundred acre farm, 
 provide education and instruction for 600 Indian pupils. 
 
 The state has a large agricultural and horticultural experiment station 
 located here and is doing splendid work in aid of the farmer. 
 
 The city has a $25,000 public library, $70,000 Y. M. C. A. building, hand- 
 some Y. W. C. A. building, 
 three public halls. Masonic 
 and Odd Fellow buildings, 
 four theatres, five substan- 
 tial banks. Women's Club 
 and a $60,000 fire depart- 
 ment. 
 
 In educational facilities 
 the city offers a well 
 equipped business college, 
 two high schools, one for the 
 boys costing $200,000, and 
 one for the girls costing $60,- 
 000, thirteen modern gram- 
 mar school buildings 
 
 CORNER OF A PLAYGROUND— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 |gi== 
 
 133 
 
==o 
 
 equipped with all the latest 
 appliances. 
 
 In churches there are 
 thirty structures ranging in 
 value from $1200 to $100,000. 
 
 Two daily papers fill the 
 newspaper field and reflect 
 credit on the city. 
 
 Even the parks are "dif- 
 ferent". Fairmont Park is 
 the playground of the cit}'. 
 It contains 51 acres includ- 
 CLOiSTER. MISSION INN— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. ing a lake, boats, bathhouse, 
 
 footbridge, arbors, swings, merry-go-round, plunge, wading pool, lily pond 
 and Japanese house in the lake. 
 
 White Park with its rare plants and extraordinary cactus garden is a 
 real floral treat. 
 
 The Evans Athletic Park contains 10 acres projierly laid out and im- 
 proved. 
 
 The Chemawa Park contains 23 acres planted to trees and shrubs by the 
 Pacific Electric Railroad Company who own it. The Riverside Polo Club 
 grounds are located here. 
 
 MISSION INN COUKT— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 134 
 
A PARK SCENE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 Mt. Rubidoux, while not a park proper, is the most talked of outing 
 place in the city. Towering above the tall spires of the elegant church 
 steeples, surmounted by a cross, fitting emblem of California's civilization, 
 it first attracts and then holds the eye of the approaching visitor. 
 
 To Jacob Riis of New 
 York belongs the credit of 
 suggesting this cross, and to 
 the sentiment and enthusi- 
 asm of Mr. Frank Miller is 
 largely due its erection and 
 dedication by Bishop Conaty 
 on April 26, 1907. On the 
 following Easter a perma- 
 nent open air sunrise service 
 was inaugurated at the foot 
 of the cross on the summit 
 of the mountain. 
 
 There is a scenic drive- 
 way from the base to the 
 summit, encircling the entire 
 mountain affording a variety 
 of beautiful panoramic 
 views. The mountain is be- 
 ing further beautified by 
 planting palms in the can- 
 yons, trees on the hillsides 
 and flowers along the drive- 
 
 0== 
 
 CORNER OF PRIVATE GROUNDS— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 135 
 
p= 
 
 A RESIDENCE STREET— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 A DELIGHTFUL CAMPING PLACE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 136 
 
©= 
 
 =[g] 
 
 GOOD ROADS— RIVKRSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 way and trails. Municipal owned light and power has given the consumer 
 of these commodities an exceptionally low rate and the city a handsome 
 street lighting system. The origin and adoption of the now famous Mission 
 Cross three light cement posts and their installation along the principal 
 streets for more than 50 miles has brought the city fame. 
 
 For a number of years the economy of municipal ownership of public 
 utilities under efficient management has proved so satisfactory to the public 
 that the city has lately taken over the domestic water system and are ex- 
 tending and improving it to meet future demands. 
 
 Arlington, seven miles from the court house, may be designated as a 
 "City within a city". It is located on Magnolia Avenue, has its own sub- 
 postoffice, public library, schools, churches, bank, stores, packing houses 
 and newspaper. 
 
 One of the poultry raisers of Arlington had 3,000 laying hens, from 
 which he marketed in the 9 months 300,376 eggs for which he received gross, 
 the sum of $6099.83. The cost of feed, interest on investment and all other 
 expenses incurred amount to $3643.82 leaving a net profit for the 9 months 
 of $2458.01. That sum would pay for a comfortable home in Riverside and 
 the second season the owner could double his holdings with the profit. 
 
 Improved citrus groves can be purchased in the city at from $1200 to 
 $1800 per acre. The water supply is furnished at a cast of $5 to $15 per 
 acre per annum. 
 
 0= 
 
 137 
 
 m 
 
RESIDENCE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
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 RESIDENCE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
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 There is in the city 10,000 
 acres of unimproved fruit 
 and alfalfa land that can be 
 bought with water right for 
 $350 to $450 per acre. Im- 
 proved alfalfa farms can be 
 purchased for $450 to $500 
 per acre. Unimproved de- 
 ciduous fruit, alfalfa, sugar 
 beet and vegetable land can 
 be purchased for $150 to 
 $250 per acre. 
 
 Glenavon and West Riv- 
 erside are located 4 miles 
 west of the city on the gentle 
 slope of the footjhills that 
 reach down to the Santa Ana 
 River. Genavon has a pop- 
 ulation of 500 people, two 
 schools employing three 
 teachers. Religious services 
 are held in the school houses 
 by organized societies. 
 
 The soil on the uplands 
 may be classed as red clay 
 loam, especially sought after 
 by citrus fruit growers; 
 passing down toward the 
 river, it changes to a light 
 sandy loam, choice for al- 
 falfa and vegetables. Citrus 
 fruit is the favored industry, 
 2000 acres being planted and 
 much of it in full bearing. 
 One thousand acres of al- 
 falfa have demonstrated the 
 value of the land for that fa- 
 vored product, and there are 
 3000 acres in grain. Vege- 
 table and other crops are 
 grown extensively. 
 
 Bearing fruit orchards 
 can be purchased for $800 
 to $2000 per acre with water 
 at a cost of $2.70 per acre 
 per annum. There are 4000 
 acres of unimproved alfalfa 
 
 RESIDENCE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 138 
 
=101 
 
 fruit and vegetable land in 
 the district that can be pur- 
 chased for $200 to $300 per 
 acre. The $300 land in- 
 cludes water right, the $200 
 land is subject to most fav- 
 orable pumping conditions. 
 
 There are two packing 
 houses in the district that 
 employ 50 people. One 
 dairy milks 100 cows and 
 another 50 cows. Five hun- 
 dred head of stock cattle, 
 200 head of hogs, plenty of 
 horses and mules for farm 
 make up the live stock list. 
 Two poultry farms keep 70 
 dozen chickens and 6 api- 
 aries have 200 colonies of 
 bees. 
 
 West Riverside, with 
 2500 acres of fine orchards 
 and as much more land in 
 other crops, with good 
 schools, packing houses and 
 other conveniences, lies just 
 northeast of Glenavon, both 
 tapped by the Salt Lake 
 Railroad. Soil, water and 
 prices of land are similar to 
 that recorded of Glenavon. 
 
 Wineville is five miles fur- 
 ther west. Surrounded by a 
 large farming community. 
 
 Corona lies 15 miles west 
 of Riverside on the line of 
 the Santa Fe railroad, at an 
 altitude of 700 feet with an 
 average rainfall of 14 inches. 
 
 The city occupies the 
 center of a 60 foot wide cir- 
 cular cement boulevard 
 three miles in length and 
 costing $66,000, hence the 
 local appellation of "Circle 
 City". This circular boule- 
 vard was built not only for 
 
 FEDERAL BUILDING— RIVERSIDE COUNTY, 
 
 RESIDENCE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 RESIDENCE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 139 
 
11= 
 
 =1] 
 
 A RIVERSIDE COUNTY RESIDENCE. 
 
 the piirpose of iiiiprovemein, but for the holding of Automobile Speed 
 Coi'lests. At the opening of the speedway on September 9, 1913, before an 
 audience of over 60,000 people world's records in the light and medium car 
 classes were made and a track record of 74.5 miles per hour was established. 
 It is the second largest city in the county, having 5000 population. 
 Beautiful high school and grammar school buildings have been provided 
 to keep pace with the progress of the city and seven churches furnish ample 
 opportunity for worship. A $35,000 public library, $30,000 city hall and 
 $6000 new auto fire truck are prominent among the city's valuable holdings. 
 A 20 acre park has just been 
 laid out and is being im- 
 proved. The Masonic and 
 Odd Fellow buildings are 
 conspicuous among the 
 many fraternal and secret 
 societies, and a woman's 
 club with over one hundred 
 members and fine club room 
 is affiliated with like organi- 
 zations in the state. A well 
 organized Country Club 
 provides plenty of clean 
 sport. There are 3 banks, 3 
 hotels and many substantial good roads— riverside county. 
 
 140 
 
 = n 
 
business blocks. Twelve 
 fruit packing houses employ 
 300 people picking and pack- 
 ing 1200 cars of fruit for the 
 eastern market. 
 
 There is a tributary to 
 Corona 6000 acres of citrus 
 fruits, 200 acres of decidu- 
 ous fruits, 8000 acres of al- 
 falfa, 1200 acres of grain and 
 300 acres of sugar beets. 
 Bearing citrus fruit orchards 
 can be purchased at from 
 $800 to $2000 per acre. The 
 source of water supply is an sherman institute-riverside county. 
 
 extensive pumping system located in Perris Valley and is mutually owned by 
 the water users. The cost of water is the actual cost of maintenance and ope- 
 rations plus betterments and interest and sinking fund to pay oflf the bonds of 
 the district, issued for the acquisition of the water system. For 1913 the cost 
 of water was $24 per acre, but this sum will decrease each year until the 
 bonds of the district are paid off, then the water will belong to the land and 
 the only cost of irrigation will be the cost of maintenance and operation. 
 
 The alfalfa and beet lands are watered from private wells, varying in 
 depth from 125 to 175 feet with a pump lift of from 10 to 40 feet; cost of 
 pumping $10 per acre per annum. Improved alfalfa farms can be had at 
 from $400 to $500 per acre. 
 
 A RESIDENCE STREET— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 f41 
 
SOME RIVERSIDE COUNTY HIGH SCHOOLS. 
 
Tributary to the city there is 8000 acres of unimproved land suitable for 
 the culture of fruits, alfalfa and vegetables, subject to favorable pumping 
 conditions, that can be purchased at from $100 to $300 per acre. The soil 
 is decomposed granite and sandy loam. Several thousand head of cattle 
 are fattened here each year, and aside from home consumption and a large 
 quantity of alfalfa that goes through the mill and finds its way to market 
 in the form of meal, there is shipped annually from the local railroad sta- 
 tion 35,000 tons of alfalfa hay. 
 
 One daily paper and one weekly supply the wants of the community. 
 
 There is also a live Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 Elsinore is located 30 miles south of Riverside on the line of the Santa 
 Fe railroad at an altitude of 1300 feet and has a population of 1200, and 
 seasonal rainfall lOj^ inches. It is only 26 miles from the ocean and is on 
 the line of the inland auto route leading from San Diego to Riverside and 
 Los Angeles. 
 
 It is" a city with substantial business blocks, city hall, public library. 
 Odd Fellows and Masonic buildings, 3 hotels, bank, theatre, public park, 
 sewer, municipal water system, ornamental street light system, fishing and 
 boating club, sanitarium and the only fresh water lake of note in Southern 
 California, also an active Womens Club. 
 
 Elsinore is justly proud of her educational facilities. A splendid $20,000 
 Union High School has its unique location on the margin of Lake Elsinore. 
 
 There are two modern grammar school buildings with an enrollment of 
 190 students under four competent teachers. 
 
 Three church organizations are housed in comfortable buildings. 
 
 The industrial interests are represented in a fruit packing and canning 
 plant, now under way, that will care for 250 tons of deciduous fruits for 
 the season of 1914 giving employment to many people. 
 
 The Lakeland olive oil and pickling factory will handle 250 tons of oil 
 olives and 275 tons of pickling olives for the season of 1914. 
 
 Elsinore city is set on a hill overlooking the beautiful Lake Elsinore 
 which spreads out to the west covering over 20 square miles of territory. 
 Beyond its silvery waters to the north, south and east, many broad acres of 
 profitable fruit orchards and miles of unoccupied fertile soil is just coming 
 into its own. 
 
 In fruit culture there is a race on between the olive and apricot for first 
 place, and the pear, plum and prune make up a contest for second place. 
 Citrus fruits and nuts are being planted quite extensively. The sunny 
 slopes contain hundreds of acres of choice citrus fruit lands and in the deep 
 black alluvial soil and silts of the lower lands the walnut has found a nat- 
 ural home, one tree producing over 400 pounds of walnuts annually. The 
 almond is doing exceedingly well. 
 
 Tributary to the city there are over 1000 acres of fruit trees growing 
 One hundred and ten tons of dried apricots and 90 tons of dried prunes 
 were shipped in 1913. This production was doubled in 1914. 
 
 The "Lake Elsinore Farms" is a tract of over 4000 acres of land lately 
 subdivided and is being rapidly improved and sold in tracts to suit the 
 
 M3 
 
ONE OF MANY BEAUTIFUL DRIVES— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
RESIDENCE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 purchaser. The land is 
 adapted to the cultivation of 
 citrus and deciduous fruits, 
 nuts, alfalfa and vegetables. 
 
 The water supply is de- 
 rived from a chain of wells 
 developed by the Company, 
 ranging in depth from 275 to 
 475 feet with an average 
 pump lift of 45 feet. A water 
 right covers all the land, and 
 the cost of the water is de- 
 termined by the cost of 
 maintenance and operation 
 plus betterments. 
 
 These lands are sold to the settler with water right at from $200 to $400 
 per acre. 
 
 The valley contains 1038 acres of alfalfa irrigated nine times at a cost 
 of $9.00 per acre, cut six times, yielding nine tons of hay per acre. 
 
 The entire water supply of the valley is derived from wells ranging in 
 depths from 150 to 500 feet, maximum pump lift 60 feet, average pump lift 
 35 feet. The average cost of irrigation for deciduous fruits throughout the 
 valley from private pumping plants is 78c per acre. 
 
 Improved deciduous orchards in full bearing can be bought at from 
 $500 to $750 per acre. Improved alfalfa farms bring $400 per acre. Unim- 
 proved orchard and alfalfa land with water from $300 per acre up. 
 
 Murietta is located 42 miles south of Riverside on the line of the Santa 
 Fe railroad at an elevation of 1000 feet and has a tributary population of 
 .500 people. Two good grammar schools with 3 teachers look after the edu- 
 cational interest of 60 scholars, and 3 churches indicate the moral atmosphere 
 of the community. There is a good hotel, 3 stores. Historical Society hall. 
 
 There are 50,000 acres of 
 land in cultivation tributary 
 to the town — 1000 acres in 
 alfalfa, 400 acres in fruit and 
 vegetables and the balance 
 in grain. The Bartlett pear 
 is the leading fruit grown 
 and reaches a state of near 
 perfection. The olive and 
 apricots are both favored 
 and peaches, apples and 
 plums do well. 
 
 The valley lands around 
 Murietta are sub-irrigated. 
 The entire district is dry 
 
 RESIDENCE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 mr 
 
 145 
 
 =0 
 
farmed, though an abundant 
 
 water supply lies just under 
 
 the surface. 
 
 The honey industry is 
 
 represented by 1000 colonies 
 
 of bees with a record of 80 
 
 pounds of choice honey to 
 
 the colony. Heie again i^ 
 
 an opportunity. Dairying 
 
 offers good opportunities. 
 Improved farm land> 
 
 bring $300 per acre. Unim- 
 proved from $2.5 to $50 per 
 
 acre. 
 
 Temecula is located 50 
 
 miles south of Riverside on 
 
 the line of the Santa Fe rail- 
 road at an elevation of 1100 
 
 feet, has a population of 500 
 
 people in the city and a trib- 
 utary population of as many 
 
 more. There are three 
 
 stores, bank, hotel and good 
 
 school. There are 25 000 '^'^^ °^ many churches— riverside county. 
 
 acres of land tributary to the city in cultivation, 1000 acres in alfalfa, 200 
 
 acres in fruits — olives, apples, pears, apricots and vegetables, the balance 
 
 in grain. 
 
 Alfalfa and fruit are irrigated from wells ranging in depth from 40 to 
 
 300 feet, pump lift from 10 to 40 feet. The average cost per acre per annum 
 
 for pumping water is $5.00. Ten thousand acres more are sub-irrigated and 
 
 suitable for alfalfa, deciduous fruits and vegetables. 
 
 There are 5000 head of good graded cattle and 1000 head of horses, a 
 
 few dairy cows and small 
 poultry form only a side is- 
 sue. Bees to the number of 
 2500 colonies produce 90 
 tons of honey per annum, 
 and there is room for many 
 more. 
 
 Perris is located on the 
 Santa Fe railroad 18 miles 
 southeast of Riverside at an 
 altitude of 1656 feet, and has 
 an average seasonal rainfall 
 of 11 inches. 
 
 It has a population of 
 1000 people, $30,000 high 
 
 ONE OF THE LIBRARIES— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 146 
 
school building of pleasing mis- 
 sion architecture, in which two 
 teachers look after the higher 
 education of 40 pupils. A $21- 
 000 grammar school building 
 has three teachers and 150 
 scholars. Three churches and 
 a public library, a woman's 
 club, three iiotels, one bank, 
 city park and a weekly news- 
 paper. 
 
 There is a sanitary niilk 
 )ottling plant, two cement pipe 
 factories, steam laundry, plan- 
 ing mill, machine shop, stone 
 quarry, three large grain ware- 
 houses and one creamery. 
 
 Three hundred head of 
 stock cattle, a large number of 
 horses and 200 goats are Iti- 
 cluded in the live stock list. 
 The poultry industry is ig- 
 nored, but 1000 colonies of 
 bees produce 35 tons of honey per annum. In reporting on Perris crops, 
 water conditions, lands and prices, Lakeview, a new subdivision nine miles 
 northeast, Ethanac, four miles southeast, Val Verde four miles north, Ale- 
 sandro, seven miles northeast, are included. The Perris Valley covers 50.- 
 000 acres of cultivated land, 9000 acres of which is under irrigation, the bal- 
 
 SOME RIVERSIDE COUNTY CHURCHES. 
 
 147 
 
0= 
 
 m 
 
 A PUBLIC LIBRARY— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 ance dry farmed to grain. Six thousand acres of the irrigated land is in 
 alfalfa, 3000 acres in fruit trees and other crops, the balance in grain. 
 
 The water supply comes from wells ranging in depth from 150 to 300 
 feet with a pump lift of from 20 to 100 feet and costs from $10 to $15 per 
 acre per annum. 
 
 Improved fruit and alfalfa farms can be purchased at from $250 to $500 
 per acre, unimproved lands under favorable pumping conditions being from 
 $75 to $150 per acre. 
 
 MENIFEE. 
 Menifee is 8 miles south of Perris oflf the line of the railroad. It has its 
 school and postofKce and 20,000 acres of cultivated land mostly grain, though 
 a field of alfalfa appears here and there. Land in the valley can he had at 
 $40 per acre and up. 
 
 RIVERSIDE COUNTY COURT HOUSE. 
 
 148 
 
 =0 
 
m 
 
 Winchester is a village set 
 in the midst of alfalfa and wav- 
 ing grain fields with here and 
 there a eucalyptus grove. A 
 few family orchards are in evi- 
 dence, but the principal indus- 
 try is grain raising. 
 
 Water conditions and land 
 values are similar to those at 
 Perris. 
 
 HEMET. 
 
 Hemet is an incorporated 
 city in a superb setting of 
 mountain and valley, blending 
 in perfect harmony with the 
 splendid business blocks, al- 
 SOME RIVERSIDE COUNTY SCHOOLS. j^,^^^ productive Orchards and 
 
 blooming flowers that make of life a delightful reality. It is only 34 miles 
 from Riverside and on the Santa Fe railroad. Elevation 1600 feet. 
 
 There is a $50,000 Union high school building with 11 teachers and 204 
 pupils. Good grammar schools with nine teachers. Twelve churches pro- 
 vide ample room for worship. 
 
 A splendid hotel, public library, theater, lodge rooms, 2 banks and one 
 newspaper, all add to the prestige of this city of 1500 population. 
 
 Hemet has a large fruit cannery employing 250 people in season, turn- 
 ing out $220,000 worth of case goods annually. A cured fruit packing 
 house employs many people and ships 500 tons of dried fruit per annum. 
 The Hemet Orange Growers Association ships 85 cars of fruit per annum. 
 
 A fine stock farm with Bud Doble in charge where blooded horses are 
 bred, raised and trained on one of the fastest half mile tracks in the state 
 
 o= 
 
 149 
 
A CITY HALI-— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 is located in the city and is the home of "Wilbur Lou", the champion year- 
 ling trotting stallion of the world, record 2.19J4. An olive pickling plant, 
 poultry farm and creamery complete the list. 
 
 Tributary to Hemet, there is 50,000 acres of cultivated land, 13,052 acres 
 of which is irrigated, the remainder dry farmed to grain. 
 
 The ffuit trees growing in the valley as reported January 1st, 1914, are 
 as follows : 
 
 Variety Acres in bearing 
 Apricots 650 
 
 Peaches .. 
 
 Pears 
 
 Apples ... 
 Oranges .. 
 Grapefruit 
 
 Olives 
 
 Walnuts 
 
 417 
 50 
 
 75 
 400 
 
 150 
 SO 
 
 1792 
 
 Acres non-bearing 
 
 1100 
 300 
 100 
 100 
 600 
 20 
 100 
 600 
 
 3920 
 
 Total 
 
 1750 
 
 717 
 
 150 
 
 175 
 
 1000 
 
 20 
 
 250 
 
 650 
 
 4712 
 
 The water supply comes from the Hemet Reservoir 20 miles to the east 
 in the high mountains, carried to the valley in a cement conduit and delivered 
 to the rancher at a flat rate of $2.00 per acre per annum. The dam that im- 
 
 150 
 
 =-(01 
 
A BUSINESS STREET SCENE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 pounds the water is 100 feet thick, 250 feet high, and forms a reservoir that 
 impounds over four billion gallons of water. There is an additional source of 
 water, however, from pumping plants that supply 5200 acres of land at an 
 annual cost of from $8.00 to $10.00 per acre. 
 
 Citrus fruits thrive on the mesas and mountain slopes. In the valley 
 proper, apricots, peaches, pears, olives, walnuts, alfalfa and vegetables are 
 grown in great quantity, and 4000 colonies of bees produce 140 tons of honey 
 per annum. 
 
 Improved lands under irrigation may be purchased at from $600 to $1500 
 per acre. Unimproved lands may be had at from $75 to $200 per acre. 
 
 SAN JACINTO. 
 
 San Jacinto located 40 miles southeast of Riverside at an altitude of 
 1600 feet, average seasonal rainfall 12 inches. It is the terminus of the 
 Santa Fe branch railroad and has a population of 1500 people. There is a 
 city hall, public library, lodge rooms, theatre, 2 banks, two hotels, substan- 
 tial business blocks and a weekly paper. The Secretary of the Chamber 
 of Commerce will answer all inquiries. 
 
 San Jacinto is well provided with educational facilities and competent 
 instructors. A splendid 8 room grammar school building with nine teachers 
 look after the interests of the elementary grades and a $25,000 high school 
 building of Mission design is in charge of six teachers who look after the 
 higher education. There are five modern church buildings. There are two 
 creameries handling the butter fat from 200 cows and the small dairies ship 
 
 151 
 
 =6 
 
milk to outside markets. The Cawston Ostrich breeding farm is located 
 one mile from the city with 1000 birds. 
 
 There are no exclusive poultry farms, but every rancher has his chickens 
 and the value of the shipments of eggs will total quite a sum during the year. 
 Two farmers in the neighborhood shipped 1000 turkeys each in 1913, return- 
 ing $3000. Seven thousand head of stock cattle find pasture on the nearby 
 hills. Twenty-five hundred colonies of bees gather 70 tons of high grade 
 honey each season that bring to the valley $7000. 
 
 There are 12,000 acres of land in cultivation that lies tributary to the 
 city,, 3000 acres of which is under irrigation and planted to fruits, alfalfa and 
 vegetables, the balance is dry farmed to grain. 
 
 The water supply comes from the mountains, and pumping plants in the 
 valley. 
 
 There are 723 acres of alfalfa under the gravity system irrigated at an 
 annual cost of $9.00 per acre. There are 654 acres of alfalfa under the pump- 
 ing system irrigated at an annual cost of from $12 to $15 per acre. There 
 are 580 acres of fruit under the two systems, principally apricots and peaches, 
 the balance is in vegetables and other crops and irrigated at an annual cost 
 of from $5 to $8 per acre. The average depth of wells is 400 feet, average 
 pump lift is 40 feet : power used, electricity, and the cost of wells is the same 
 as Ferris. 
 
 Improved lands can be had at from $350 to $500 per acre, unimproved 
 at from $75 to $200 per acre. 
 
 A box factory is now building in San Jacinto, and by another season 
 the demand for fruit and other boxes will find a home supply. 
 
 0= 
 
 STREET SCENE — RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 152 
 
=p 
 
 HIGHGROVE. 
 
 Highgrove is a prosperous village four miles north of Riverside with trib- 
 utary population of 500 people, elevation 900 feet, average seasonal rainfall 
 14 inches. It has five mercantile establishments, good hotel, bank, gram- 
 mar school and church. 
 
 Three transcontinental railroads, the Southern Pacific, Santa Fe, Salt 
 Lake and the Pacific Electric system furnish the best in transportation fa- 
 cilities, and seven fruit packing houses furnish them 2000 cars of fruit per 
 annum, giving employment to 800 people in picking and packing season. 
 Lying just south of the San Bernardino county line, these seven packing 
 houses handle considerable fruit from that county. 
 
 There are 2000 acres of citrus fruit groves in Riverside county tributary 
 to Highgrove, a large percentage in oranges. Bearing orchards can be pur- 
 chased at from $1000 to $1500 per acre. 
 
 The water is furnished to the rancher at a cost ranging from $3 to $5 
 per acre per annum. 
 
 A few small apiaries in the district have demonstrated the opportunity 
 for profitable expansion of the industry. 
 
 Deciduous fruits and nuts are grown for home consumption but not 
 commercially, the district being noted for citrus fruits. 
 
 Civic and other improvements in the way of social betterment is directed 
 by an energetic Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 BEAUMONT. 
 
 Beaumont, an incorporated city with 1500 population located 28 miles 
 northeast of Riverside at an elevation of 2556 feet, has an average seasonal 
 rainfall of 18 inches. 
 
 It is on the Southern Pacific railroad. There are two hotels, bank, well 
 filled stores, ice and cold storage plant and fruit packing house. 
 
 Beaumont is strictly a deciduous fruit section, though in the past, the 
 greater portion of the land was given over to grain. The soil is decomposed 
 
 granite and loam, and with 
 the amount of rain common 
 to the locality, but little irri- 
 gation is required for fruit. 
 
 The following shipments 
 reported for 1913 will show 
 that the drift is toward the 
 apple, which here acquires a 
 color and flavor that make it 
 much sought after and a gen- 
 eral favorite in the market. 
 Shipments in 1913 from 
 Beaumont railroad station : 
 apples 450 tons ; peaches, 195 
 tons ; pears, 40 tons ; oats, 
 
 LAKE ELSINORE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 153 
 
===o 
 
 SOME FIRE FIGHTING APPARATUS— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 I 
 
 470 tons; barley, 2340 tons. Tens of thousands of young trees were planted 
 in 1914, largely the apple, but pears and cherries were not neglected, the 
 cherry having attracted much attention of late, and the profit from the small 
 acreage in bearing has induced many people to plant largely of choice vari- 
 eties. 
 
 There are 45,000 acres of level land all in cultivation in fruit and grain 
 and a like amount on the foothill slopes that is highly recommended for 
 fruit. 
 
 The water is delivered to the land at a cost of $3.50 per acre per annum. 
 
 Improved orchards can be purchased at from $350 to $900 per acre ac- 
 cording to location and age. Unimproved orchard land with water right 
 brings from $200 to $300 per acre. 
 
 Beaumont has two good weekly newspapers and a Board of Trade, which 
 look after the interest of the city and surrounding community. 
 
 BANNING. 
 
 Banning is located just over the divide seven miles east of Beaumont 
 and 35 miles northeast of Riverside on the line of the Southern Pacific rail- 
 road at an altitude of 2311 feet with an average seasonal rainfall of 15 inches. 
 It is a compact, substantial city with a population of 1500 people, good 
 stores, three hotels, sanitarium, public hall, theater, bank and a newspaper. 
 A splendid high school, grammar school and three churches provide educa- 
 tional facilities and places of worship. 
 
 Banning has one of the best equipped canning factories in the state, em- 
 ploying 300 people in fruit season and handling 15,000 tons of peaches, 
 5000 tons of apricots, producing 2,000,000 cans of choice fruit per annum. 
 There are five fruit packing houses in the valley which prepare large quan- 
 tities of fruit, both fresh and dried for the eastern market. 
 
 In fruits, the apricot takes the lead, though all deciduous fruit thrives. 
 The almond is a prime favorite, and is grown to perfection. There are 
 4000 acres of highly improved land and only 1000 acres unimproved. The 
 
 154 
 
=p 
 
 improved lands bring from $350 to $900 per acre; unimproved land with 
 water right brings $300 per acre. 
 
 An ample supply of water has been brought from the mountains and is 
 delivered to the land at an annual cost of $3.50 per acre. The soil is de- 
 composed granite and sandy loam. 
 
 Banning has an active Board of Trade. 
 
 COACHELLA VALLEY. 
 
 At the eastern part of the San Jacinto Mountain range bordering on the 
 desert lies Coachella Valley, destined to command the attention of the en- 
 tire world by reason of one product alone, the commercial date palm. 
 
 Coachella Valley proper includes the territory known as Palm Springs, 
 Edom, Indio, Coachella, Thermal, Arabia, Mecca and Das Palmas. 
 
 Indio is located on the Southern Pacific railroad 65 miles northeast of 
 Riverside, below sea level 22 feet; has a population of 600 people; seasonal 
 rainfall of 3 inches and "sunshine forever", is the way an old resident put it. 
 
 Indio is an important point on the Southern Pacific railroad, twelve pass- 
 enger trains daily stop in the city, and twenty-four freight trains change 
 crews daily, this being the division point, there are 215 men on the pay roll. 
 Extensive repair shops, railroad hotel, restaurant and employees club house 
 are among the railroad enterprises. There are two stores, two hotels, ice 
 plant, cement pipe factory, and many other lines of trade are represented, 
 including a newspaper. There is a good grammar school and commodious 
 church. 
 
 The date, fig, apricot, olive, grape, cotton, alfalfa and other products are 
 grown in commercial quantities. There are 500 acres of land in cultivation, 
 one dairy with 25 cows, 250 head of stock cattle, while poultry thrive every- 
 where. Considerable attention is given early vegetables and big returns are 
 the result. 
 
 Plenty of water for irrigation is derived from wells, drilled to depths 
 ranging from 100' to 600 feet with pump lift of from 18 to 35 feet. 
 
 Price of improved property ranges from $200 to $300 per acre ; unim- 
 proved land from $25 to $100 per acre. 
 
 Coachella lies three miles east of Indio on the Southern Pacific railroad 
 below sea level 76 feet. It is a village with a population of 400 people. The 
 city has a splendid four-room grammar school, one church, two hotels, one 
 bank, ice plant, bakery, machine shop, oil distributing depot, cement, con- 
 crete artificial stone plant and is the headquarters of the "Cash Buyers 
 Union" and "Date Growers Association". 
 
 There are tributary to Coachella 2200 acres of tilable land subject to the 
 following water conditions. The water supply comes from flowing artesian 
 wells and pumping plants. Flowing wells range in depths from 300 to 1000 
 feet and the average flow is 100 miners inches. Pumping wells range in 
 depths from 100 to 300 average pump lift of 20 feet. 
 
 There was shipped from Coachella station in 1913, district products to 
 the amount of 385 cars. 
 
 Improved lands bring from $250 per acre and up; unimproved land from 
 $30 to $150 per acre. 
 
 155 
 
FARMING SCENE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 i. 
 
 Thermal is three miles east of 
 Coachella on same railroad and 
 has a population of 400 people. 
 It has a Union High school, gram- 
 mar school, church, town hall, 
 hotel, good stores, livery and 
 other commercial necessities. 
 
 There are 50,000 acres of land 
 in the vicinity that can be made 
 productive by developing water. 
 There are 1000 acres cultivated in such crops as mentioned above. The 
 soil throughout the valley is fine sandy loam and silt. 
 
 ARABIA. 
 Arabia is another rising desert star with 5000 acres of good land where 
 flowing wells and pumping plants have solved the water problem. Land val- 
 ues and other conditions compare favorably with other portions of the valley. 
 
 MECCA 
 Mecca is seven miles east of Thermal, almost on the margin of the 
 Salton Sea and has good ho- 
 tel, stores, school and other 
 conveniences. The popula- 
 tion of the community is 
 about 400. 
 
 There are 20,000 acres of 
 tillable land tributary to the 
 town, 1000 of which is in 
 cultivation. Land values, 
 crops cultivated and water 
 conditions are similar to 
 those of Thermal. The 
 United States Government 
 
 PEAR TREE— RIVERSIDE DRIVE. 
 
 156 
 
=0 
 
 experiment station is located 
 here and is doing splendid 
 work in solving the desert 
 problems. 
 
 DOS PALMAS. 
 
 Dos Palmas, 16 miles 
 northeast of Mecca, is a new 
 settlement where artesian 
 water has been found at a 
 depth of 200 feet. 
 
 Throughout the valley 
 the general character of the 
 soil is good. 
 
 The Date Palm. 
 
 The growing of the com- 
 mercial date palm is a new 
 industry in Califprnia that 
 promises to rival the orange. 
 The date growers associa- 
 tion of Coachella Valley 
 have given much time and 
 study to the subject, aided 
 by the best Government ex- 
 perts. 
 
 In raising trees from 
 seed, about 40% to 50% of 
 
 the trees will be males and do not bear. A very small percent of the 
 females will bear fruit superior to that of the parent tree. Probably a total 
 of 15% of the trees will produce commercial fruit. 
 
 Imported "Deglet Noor" off shoots are recommended for Coachella 
 Valley by the date growers association, SO acres in bearing trees having 
 demonstrated their worth. There is now growing in the valley 250 acres 
 more of this variety. There is also growing in the valley at this time 800 
 acres of seedling trees. 
 
 A thorough investigation of date growing in countries where it has been 
 followed for over a hundred years has demonstrated beyond the possibility 
 of a doubt, that the soil, climatic conditions and products of Coachella Val- 
 ley are superior to any known locality in the world. 
 
 There are in this Valley 25,000 acres of first class date land, unimproved, 
 that can be purchased for $100 per acre, where water can be procured from 
 wells at depths ranging from 150 to 300 feet, with a pump lift of from 20 to 
 35 feet at a cost of one-half cent per miners inch per hour. It has been fully 
 demonstrated here that a well cared for date farm 10 years old of the "Deg- 
 let Noor" variety, will produce annually from $750 to $1000 per acre. The 
 Date Growers Association of Coachella Valley have no land to sell. They 
 
 DATE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 157 
 
 =0 
 
are organized to protect themselves and the industry they have fathered in 
 the valley and are prepared to protect and aid all prospective investors who 
 consult them. 
 
 There is also grown commercially the Australian Passion Fruit. This 
 fruit comes to us from Australia. 
 
 BLYTHE. 
 
 In the northeast corner of the county on the west bank of the Colorado 
 river, in what is known as Palo Verde Valley, the city of Blythe and its 
 progressive citizens to the number of 1500 are making the waste places 
 bloom and great fields of grain, alfalfa, cotton and other products now meet 
 the eye. 
 
 The city is located 4 miles west of the Ehrenberg ferry on the Colorado 
 River, at an altitude of 268 feet, and is reached by auto stage from Glamis 
 station on the Southern Pacific Railroad (65 miles) or from Blythe Station 
 on the Santa Fe railroad (40 miles). 
 
 Blythe has a splendid high school and grammar school and there are 
 five other districts in the valley with good buildings and many pupils. There 
 is one church building in the city and a number of religious organizations 
 hold regular services. A splendid hotel, bank, brick blocks, theatre, garage, 
 brick yard and many other lines of business, including a weekly paper. 
 
 There is a Chamber of Commerce whose Secretary will answer all ques- 
 tions. 
 
 There are 82,000 acres of tillable land in the district, and ample water has 
 been provided for the entire area by a mutual water company. The water 
 is diverted from the never failing Colorado River 14 miles north of Blythe 
 city. 
 
 Water stock is issued at the rate of one share per acre at a cost of $30 
 per share. There are no bonds on the district. The annual assessment to 
 date have averaged five dollars per acre per year. When the system is com- 
 pleted the land owners will own the water as well and the cost should be 
 nominal. 
 
 There are now 16,000 acres under irrigation and cultivation producing 
 record crops of grain, alfalfa, cotton, corn and vegetables. Fruit is being 
 planted in limited quantities. 
 
 Alfalfa is cut six times per year, yielding 10 tons per acre ; cotton yielded 
 last year one and one half bales per acre, 1300 bales being shipped. There 
 are two cotton gins in the valley and a cotton seed oil mill in prospect. Sev- 
 eral small dairies in the valley supply one creamery with butter fat. Hogs 
 are numerous, and poultry thrives, especially turkeys. 
 
 Surface water of good quality for domestic use is found at depths rang- 
 ing from 20 to 105 feet. 
 
 Improved land with water right can be had from $100 to $150 per acre; 
 unimproved land with water right sells at from $45 per acre up, amount avail- 
 able 66,000 acres. 
 
 Other towns in the valley are "Rennals" and Neighbours" both with 
 good schools and connected with an abundant water supply and are sur- 
 
 lol= 
 
 158 
 
=o 
 
 rounded with cultivated 
 farms that denote prosper- 
 ity. 
 
 The soil of the valley is 
 a sandy loam on the up- 
 lands and a clay silt in the 
 lowlands. 
 
 Mineral Products. 
 The State Mineralogist 
 report of 1912 latest at hand, 
 give the following output of 
 products for the year. (See 
 bulletin No. 65, page 54.) 
 
 Brick, $20,000; clay, $94,- 
 000; copper, $990; gold, $20,- 
 202; gems, $800; lead, $42; 
 limestone, $63,582 ; magne- 
 site, $8,780; mineral water 
 $4250; sand glass, $3000; sil- 
 ver, $254; stone industry, 
 $567,309; total value $782,- 
 627. To this must be added 
 2,000,000 barrels of cement. 
 It will be noted that 
 there is little production of 
 DATE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. gold, silver, lead and cop- 
 
 per, and yet, the county is teeming with alluring prospects. The Clay Com- 
 panies, employing 75 men are located 6 miles north of Elsinore and is tapped 
 by a spur track of the Santa Fe railroad. Clay is being shipped at the rate 
 of 18,000 car loads per annum. 
 
 Two stone quarries furnish many cars of curb, paving blocks and building 
 stone. Four miles south of Corona is another large deposit of fine clays 
 lying idle for lack of cheap 
 transportation. The same 
 may be said of extensive ce- 
 ment deposits only a few 
 miles away. 
 
 Four rock crushers are 
 busy here employing 50 men 
 and shipping 5000 cars of 
 crushed stone per month. A 
 large pressed brick and vitri- 
 fied pipe factory carry a pay 
 roll of $4000 per month. 
 
 At Temecula consider- 
 able activity is shown in the 
 granite quarries and a num- 
 
 
 
 ..■•^munzt^ 
 
 ■■Mi-jtHdildR AJJUsi |^|U-_ < • ' - 
 
 
 ^^HlHl--^ ■--':=.- 
 
 i 
 
 ^■y.. 
 
 
 Hii^HI^M:' 
 
 FRUIT DRYING— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 159 
 
0= 
 
 =11 
 
 ORANGE GROVE— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 ber of men are steadily employed. At Perris, granite in three different 
 shades are quarried and shipped by the carload, over 100 cars having been 
 shipped in 1914. In the same locality, feldspar and siHca are shipped in 
 large quantities. 
 
 Near Winchester there is an extensive deposit of magnesite, used exten- 
 sively in the manufacture of fine brick. 
 
 In the Coachella mountains, southeast of San Jacinto, Tourmaline, Beryl, 
 Topaz and Garnet have been found in quantity and gem quality. Some gold 
 has been mined in this locality. Near Blythe in the eastern part of the 
 county gold and copper has 
 been mined in a crude way at 
 intervals for a quarter of a 
 century and there exists in 
 the vicinity, iron, gypsum, 
 lime and cement, sufficient 
 in quantity to furnish freight 
 for 50 cars per day for a 
 century. The iron ore is 
 measured by mountains and 
 the gypsum and lime by the 
 section. 
 
 Near the city of Riverside 
 a rare blue marble is found, 
 also a n extensive granite 
 
 AN APPLE ORCHARD— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 [i= 
 
 160 
 
 =11] 
 
quarry working 25 men. The Riverside Portland Cement Co. with a $3,500,- 
 000 property lies one and one-half miles northwest of Riverside and has a 
 capacity of 6000 barrels of cement per day, giving employment to 800 men 
 eyery day in the year. It has been in operation continuously since 1910 and 
 has produced over 6,000,000 barrels of cement besides large quantities of 
 crushed rock. 
 
 Health and Pleasure Resorts. 
 
 Riverside County has the greatest number and variety of Hot Mineral 
 Springs of any county in the southland. 
 
 The Console Mineral Springs is located east of Riverside in Riche Canyon 
 at an elevation of 2000 feet and is reached over a good road. Tenting and 
 camping near the springs are enjoyed by many people and the waters are 
 highly recommended for their medicinal properties. 
 
 Seven miles southwest of Corona is a popular resort reached from this 
 point over auto road. It is known as Coldwater Canyon and nature has 
 provided splendid scenery, running brooks and warm sulphur spring waters 
 for both drinking and bathing and man has added an inviting camp ground 
 and good hotel. 
 
 Elsinore Hot Springs health and pleasure resort offers a splendid com- 
 bination of attractions. Bubbling from the earth, steaming with nature's 
 heat, redolent with sulphur, the water breaks forth right on the margin of 
 the only fresh water lake of note in Southern California. 
 
 The hot mud and mineral baths are given under skilled attendants in a 
 splendidly equipped bath house. 
 
 The Springs are right in the city of Elsinore, described elsewhere. Three 
 good hotels are located within two blocks of the Springs, which has a large 
 plunge. There is good hunting, boating and fishing close at hand. 
 
 Murietta Hot Springs is known far and wide. They are located four 
 miles from the town of Murietta and are reached over the Santa Fe with 
 auto connections or over fine boulevard. A splendid hotel, cottages and 
 tents are provided and no effort has been spared in making the resort at- 
 tractive and beneficial to those seeking health or pleasure. 
 
 The sulphur, iron, lime, magnesia, soda, arsenic and other minerals car- 
 ried in the waters coming from the earth at a temperature of 170 F. give 
 great results in many ills. 
 
 The Barnesconi Hot Mineral Springs are located 7 miles northeast of 
 Perris. 
 
 The Relief Hot Springs lies 4 miles north of San Jacinto and 7 miles 
 north of Hemet and is reached over the Santa Fe with auto connection at 
 San Jacinto. These Springs, long noted for their wonderful curative qual- 
 ities, with the hot mud baths have no superior for many ailments, especially 
 rheumatism. The natural heat of the springs ranges from 96 degrees to 
 117 degrees Farenheit. 
 
 A fine bath house and plunge has just been completed with all modern 
 sanitary improvements. A good hotel, bungalows and tents are at the dis- 
 posal of visitors, and the seeker of health or pleasure will find something 
 to please. 
 
 ^-^ 161 
 
GOOD ROADS— RIVERSIDE COUNTY. 
 
 The Eden Hot Springs lie south of Beaumont, 7 miles, and the auto 
 stage meets all Southern Pacific trains at this point. Here the visitor will 
 find splendid accommodations, pleasant surroundings and beneficial waters. 
 
 Palm Springs is located at the foot of San Jacinto mountains bordering 
 on the desert, and Coffman's stage connects with the Southern Pacific 
 trains at Palm Springs station by appointment. This is a noted desert re- 
 sort and visited yearly by many prominent artists, authors and other not- 
 ables afflicted with brainfag, worry or over work. Splendid accommo- 
 dations of all kinds have been provided. 
 
 The Soboba Lithia Springs lie two miles south of San Jacinto and four 
 miles east of Hemet on the very margin of the Indian reservation, made 
 famous by Helen Hunt Jackson in her historical romance of Romona. 
 
 If one tires of the springs, 20 miles will carry him over a mile above the 
 sea to Keens Camp or Idyllwild, where he can roam among the pines, run- 
 ning brooks and nature's wilds to his heart's content, or lounge in laziness 
 in a comfortable hotel, bungalow or tent. These resorts are reached from 
 either San Jacinto, Hemet or Banning in auto stage over a safe and scenic 
 drive. The whole of San Jacinto Mountains is a playground where in sum- 
 mer one may camp unmolested. 
 
 For any further information write any Chamber of Commerce in River- 
 side County. 
 
 162 
 
San Bernardino County 
 
 I AN BERNARDINO COUNTY, organized April 26,: 
 1853, is the largest county in the United States, equal-: 
 ling the combined areas of the states of Massachu-^ 
 setts. New Jersey, Rhode Island and Delaware. In; 
 1892 a part of its original territory was contributed to! 
 the formation of Riverside County, leaving within 
 the present limits an area of 20,157 square miles. ^ 
 It is bounded on the north by Inyo County; on the 
 east by the Colorado River and the Nevada state; 
 line; on the south by Riverside County, and on the 
 west by Orange, Los Angeles and Kern Counties. 
 
 The greater portion of the county is north ' and 
 east of the San Bernardino mountains^ This portion 
 is more or less an arid waste, within which are included the Mojave, and Colo- 
 rado Deserts, traversed by many ranges of mineral bearing mountains. Most 
 of the present arable lands of the county lie in the southwest corner, under 
 the lee of the mountain range, which intercepts moisture-laden air currents 
 from the ocean, causing abundant rain and snow-fall on its slopes. 
 
 This is the San Bernardino Valley proper, having an area of about 1,200 
 square miles. It is watered by numerous streams, flowing from the moun- 
 
 FOOTHILL BOULEVARD— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 163 
 
A BOULEVARD— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 tains, and has an artesian 
 belt of large extent. Flow- 
 ing wells are developed at 
 depths varying from 400 to 
 1000 feet, and pumping wells 
 are obtained readily outside 
 of the proven artesian belt. 
 
 The average elevation of 
 this valley or plain is about 
 1000 feet above sea level, the 
 lowest point 713 feet, being 
 at the Los Angeles County 
 line. Its protecting moun- 
 tain wall rises abruptly to a 
 general elevation o f 6000 
 feet, having peaks reaching 
 an altitude of 11,275 feet, the highest carrying a perpetual snow cap. Be- 
 cause of its topography, San Bernardino County has a wide climatic range 
 and great variety of soil, and its products are correspondingly various. 
 
 The soil of the San Bernardino valley or plain is generally granitic, 
 stratified with clay, and contains iron, potash, and other elements of fer- 
 tility. Close to the mountains it is sharp gravel or sand mixed with alluvial 
 deposit. Near the center of the valley, a dark, heavy loam with occasional 
 belts of adobe, prevails. Toward the west there is a lighter sandy loam, 
 and in the river bottoms oc- 
 curs a heavy soil adapted to 
 forage and garden plants 
 rather than fruit. The 
 County is noted for its large 
 production of citrus fruits, 
 its soil and climate being pe- 
 culiarly adapted to that pur- 
 pose. 
 
 Irrigation in California 
 began in the San Bernardino 
 Valley a century ago, and 
 the ditch dug at that time by 
 Indians under the direction 
 of the Padres is still in use. 
 The flow of mountain 
 streams, impounded in reser- 
 voirs, and artesian wells now 
 supply abundant water for 
 irrigation. 
 
 The Bear Valley dam 
 makes a reservoir of ten bil- 
 lion gallons capacity, and the 
 
 ENTRANCE TO PINE CREST. 
 
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 164 
 
Arrowhead reservoir will 
 furnish water to many thou- 
 sands of acres. There are 
 many smaller irrigating sys- 
 tems, but only a very small 
 part of the water supply in 
 the mountains has been 
 brought into use. Even on 
 the desert side of the moun- 
 tains there are many sources 
 of water supply that have 
 not yet been developed, but 
 will in time be utilized for 
 reclamation of large areas of 
 arid land. 
 
 The principal products of 
 the desert region at present are the precious metals and variously useful 
 minerals. 
 
 COUNTY STATISTICS. 
 
 The population of San Bernardino County according to the Federal Cen- 
 sus of 1910, was 56,706. This is rapidly increasing and a conservative esti- 
 mate for 1914 places the population at over 70,000. 
 
 The total assessed valuation of the County for the year 1914 was $63,- 
 345,022, and the county tax rate, omitting special taxes, was $1,391 on each 
 
 ONE OP THE HIGH SCHOOLS. 
 
 A GLIMPSE OF ONE OF MANY PARKS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY 
 
 1:65 
 
==[5) 
 
 $100 of assessed valuation. There is no outstanding county indebtedness. 
 The County has a splendid court house, hall of records, jail, public library, 
 and county hospital. 
 
 In educational facilities, the county is abreast of the times. There are 
 six high and seventy-one graded schools in the county, employing 466 teach- 
 ers. There is one university, and there are numerous private schools and 
 colleges, churches of all denominations, fraternal organizations, women's 
 clubs and social clubs. 
 
 The Live Stock industry is not carried on to such an extent as formerly 
 for the reason that the larger holdings are fast being used for the more 
 profitable industry of fruit raising. 
 
 The records for 1914. show the following: 
 
 Kind No. of Head 
 
 Beef Cattle 8,500 
 
 Stock Cattle .. 7,800 
 
 Dairy Cows 2,300 
 
 Calves . . 1,200 
 
 Horses 15,415 
 
 Mules 450 
 
 Hogs 5,800 
 
 •Sheep 25.000 
 
 There are 8,400 dozen hens, and the annual output of eggs is 770,000 
 dozen. 
 
 BEE INDUSTRY. 
 There are 12.000 colonies of bees in the county. Honey outi)ut per an- 
 num 600.000 pounds; beeswax, 6,000 pounds. 
 
 DAIRY INDUSTRY. 
 There are three creameries, producing annually 400,000 pounds of butter, 
 and large quantities of milk are shipped to outside markets. This industry 
 could and should be largely increased with great profit. 
 
 SUGAR BEET INDUSTRY. 
 The sugar beet industry is at present confined to one locality and one 
 refinery, with an annual output valued at $1,265,000. 
 
 WINE INDUSTRY. 
 
 There are twelve wineries in the County, producing annually : Dry wines, 
 2,000,000 gallons; sweet wines, 100,000 gallons; brandy, 125,000 gallons; 
 vinegar, 40,000 gallons; grape juice, 20,000 gallons. (Extract from State 
 report 1910.) 
 
 What is probably the largest vineyard in the world, the Italian Vineyard 
 Company's vineyard, comprising 4,000 acres is located in this County at 
 Cucamonga. 
 
 166 
 
IN THE SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
CEREAL CROP, 1914. 
 The more profitable cultivation of fruit is fast eliminating the grain 
 farmer in San Bernardino County. 
 
 Kind Acres Tons Value 
 
 Wheat 850 290 $ 8,700 
 
 Barley 6,800 3360 67,200 
 
 Oats 100 75 2,650 
 
 Corn 2,500 1200 38,400 
 
 Total 10,250 
 
 4925 
 
 $116,950 
 
 HAY. 
 Kind Acres 
 
 Alfalfa 10,500 
 
 Grain hay 25,000 
 
 Straw 
 
 Total 35,500 
 
 GREEN FRUITS. 
 
 Tons 
 84,000 
 28,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 113,800 
 
 Value 
 $1,156,000 
 362,400 
 6,000 
 
 $1,524,400 
 
 Estimated Value 
 
 Apples $115,500 
 
 Apricots 58,800 
 
 Cherries 15,000 
 
 Figs 1,550 
 
 Grapefruit 60,000 
 
 Lemons 900,000 
 
 Nectarines 4,000 
 
 Estimated Value 
 
 Oranges $7,100,000 
 
 Pears 28,350 
 
 Peaches 85,000 
 
 Plums 4,000 
 
 Prunes 2,150 
 
 Total $8,374,350 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Estimated Value 
 
 Blackberries $ 8,950 
 
 Loganberries 1,900 
 
 Raspberries 1,600 
 
 Strawberries 13,150 
 
 Beans 34,000 
 
 Stock beets 39,000 
 
 Cabbages 85,000 
 
 Onions 3,500 
 
 Estimated Value 
 
 Olives $25,000 
 
 Garden peas 24,000 
 
 Irish potatoes 43,500 
 
 Sweet potatoes 650 
 
 Tomatoes 8,000 
 
 Melons 5,200 
 
 Total $284,450 
 
 DRIED FRUITS AND NUTS. 
 The annual output of dried fruits and nuts including walnuts, almonds, 
 apricots, figs, peaches, prunes and raisins aggregate $165,000. 
 
 CANNED FRUIT. 
 Canned fruits including apricots, cherries, pears, peaches, plums and mis- 
 cellaneous products aggregate 425,000 cases annually— valued at $1,062,500. 
 
 168 
 
ONE OF SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY'S WATER SHEDS. 
 
=0 
 
 MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS. 
 
 Syrup 
 
 Soda ash 
 Crushed rock 
 Marble dust . 
 
 Plaster 
 
 Tungsten 
 
 Estimated Value 
 
 $ 2,100 
 
 100,000 
 
 -. 150,000 
 . .. 12,500 
 
 41,500 
 
 30,000 
 
 Estimated Value 
 Paving brick $ 40,000 
 
 Lime and Sandstone 
 Artificial stone 
 
 Olive oil 
 
 Pickled olives 
 Soap 
 
 150,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 .125,000 gals. 
 .295,000 gals. 
 30.000 lbs. 
 
 FACTORIES AND MANUFACTURING PLANTS. 
 
 Olive oil factories 3 
 
 Soap factories .. ,. 
 Artificial stone 
 
 Oil refineries 
 
 Fertilizer factories 
 
 Box factories 
 
 Book binderies 
 Brick plants .. . 
 
 Cigar factories 
 
 Flouring mill 
 
 Foundries and iron works. 
 
 Leather goods 
 
 Tannery 
 
 Cement plants 
 
 Flectrical appliances 
 
 POWER USED IN OPERATING MILLS, FACTORIES AND PUMPS. 
 
 Operated by Steam 38 plants 
 
 Operated by Electricity 14 plants 
 
 Operated by Gasoline 10 plants 
 
 Operated by Water Power 5 plants 
 
 There are now three electric power companies in San Bernardino County 
 competing for business, and electric power is fast coming into use. 
 
 TIMBER LANDS. 
 
 The timber consists chiefly of Cedar, Pine and Oak, and cover 287,000 
 acres of mountain territory. 
 
 Three sawmills report an annual output of lumber aggregating 13,000,000 
 feet. 
 
 The annual output of charcoal is 4.500 sacks, and that of wood 13,000 
 cords. 
 
 There is one door and sash factory. 
 
 FRUIT. 
 The fruit acreage of the county has been accurately classified under the 
 direction of the County Horticultural Commissioner, and is of September 
 1914. 
 
 Variety 
 
 Oranges 
 
 Lemons 
 
 Citru.s Fruits. 
 Acres Variety 
 
 40,462 Grapefruit 
 
 4.461 
 
 Total 
 
 Acres 
 838 
 
 45,761 
 
 170 
 
Deciduous Fruits. 
 
 Variety 
 Peaches . 
 Apricots 
 Pears ... . 
 Apples 
 Walnuts 
 Cherries 
 Prunes . 
 
 Acres 
 
 7,513 
 
 2,117 
 
 534 
 
 11,155 
 
 795 
 
 66 
 
 72 
 
 Variety 
 Plums .. 
 
 Totf 
 
 Olives .. 
 Grapes .. 
 
 Acres 
 20 
 
 22,272 
 
 1,330 
 17,121 
 
 Total Acreage, fruit and vines 18,451 
 
 MINERALS. 
 
 Variety 
 
 Clay 
 
 Copper 
 
 Gems 
 
 Gold Bullion 
 
 Gypsum 
 
 Lead 
 
 Limestone .. 
 
 Value 
 
 350 
 
 319,636 
 
 450 
 
 293,900 
 
 67,000 
 
 4,268 
 
 97,867 
 
 Variety 
 Mineral paint .. 
 
 Salt 
 
 Silver Bullion .. 
 Stone , 
 Cement omitted 
 
 Value 
 
 1,200 
 
 12,600 
 
 49,962 
 
 580.057 
 
 Total value of mineral.s $1,427,290 
 
 estate mineralogist report 1912, Bulletin No. 65, page 55) 
 
 THE COUNTY SEAT. 
 
 San Bernardino City, the seat of County government, is located 60 miles 
 east of Los Angeles in the heart of the valley from which it derives its name ; 
 elevation 1054 feet above sea level. 
 
 It is the gateway to Southern California by reason of the centering here 
 of three transcontinental railways, the Southern Pacific, Salt Lake and Santa 
 Fe, and it is the hub from which radiate lines of the Pacific Electric inter- 
 urban system, connecting with many other localities, and in a ninety minute 
 ride through a semi-tropic fruit growing region, linking the entire territory 
 to Los Angeles. It is the home of the National Orange show where is 
 shown annually the finest exhibit of citrus fruits shown in the world. 
 
 San Bernardino is a city of substantial business blocks and California 
 bungalow homes, and her population of 19,000 is increasing steadily. 
 
 The city owns an ample supply of pure water, twenty miles of paved 
 streets, sixty miles of cement sidewalk, public buildings of marble and gray 
 stone, parks and other public utilities. A $20,000 library building contains 
 15,000 volumes. Seventeen pubhc school buildings accommodate 76 teach- 
 ers and 2,250 pupils. A $250,000 Polytechnic High School is now being 
 built. There are sixteen churches and an $80,000 home of the Y. M. C. A. 
 The Masons, Odd Fellows, Elks and Womens Club are housed in good 
 buildings of their own. The city has banks, hotels, theatres, clubs and three 
 daily newspapers. Post Office receipts, school census, building permits, 
 bank resources and assessment rolls show steady growth. 
 
 San Bernardino is an industrial center of considerable importance. The 
 Santa Fe machine shops, located here, employ 1,000 people, with a monthly 
 pay roll of $175,000. The largest pre-cooling plant in the world, costing 
 
 0= 
 
 171 
 
SOME OF THE GRAMMAR SCHOOLS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
@° 
 
 a 
 
 ARROWHEAD HOTEL— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 $750,000, making 60,000 tons of ice and pre-eooling 25,000 cars of fruit per 
 annum, is another industry with a large pay roll. 
 
 Manufacturing is represented in iron works, machine shops, ice factory, 
 refrigerator plant, power and lighting plants, foundries, saw and planing 
 mills, box factory, artificial stone, cement pipe, marble and granite works, 
 and other enterprises of less importance; giving employment to over 4000 
 people. Bank deposits aggregate over $7,500,000. 
 
 The lands immediately surrounding the city produce citrus and decidu- 
 ous fruits, olives, grapes, vegetables, hay, grain, and alfalfa, while many 
 
 dairy, stock and poultry 
 farms may be seen in an 
 hour's ride. 
 
 The city and town lots 
 are utilized for fruit to the 
 following extent : oranges 
 250 acres, lemons 100 acres, 
 olives 50 acres, peaches 300 
 acres, pears 10 acres, apples 
 25 acres, walnuts 100 acres, 
 making a total of 985 acres 
 of town lots producing fruit 
 instead of being allowed to 
 
 A HIGH SCHOOL— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 173 
 
 KQl 
 
ABOVE THE CLOUDS— SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS. 
 
 grow weeds. The Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce will answer all 
 communications. 
 
 The County is divided into horticultural districts with local inspectors 
 
 in charge. 
 
 Kind 
 
 Oranges; 
 
 Peaches ., 
 
 Apricots . , 
 
 Apples 
 
 Walnuts , ,.......,..,., 414 
 
 The general, character of 
 the soil varies.. In, the north- 
 ern portiop of the, district it 
 is light gray, shadjpg into a 
 light brown and passing into 
 a heavy dark loam in the 
 south. The average seasonal 
 rainfall is 18 inches. 
 
 Chino is an incorporated 
 city with a population of 
 2500 within her limits, and 
 as many more in the immedi- 
 ate vicinity. It is located on 
 the Southern Pacific rail- 
 
 CHINO DISTRICT. 
 
 Acres 
 
 Kind 
 
 - 20 
 
 Prunes 
 
 714 
 
 Grapes 
 
 195 
 
 Olives 
 
 . 295 
 
 
 Total 
 
 Acre.s 
 
 8 
 
 22 
 
 131 
 
 .1799 
 
 GOOD ROADS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 P = 
 
 174 
 
 =1^ 
 
SCENES FROM PRIVATE PARKS— SAN BERNARpiNO COUNTV. ,, ,;, 
 
 road, 27 miles southwesterly from San Bernardino, at an elevation of 713 
 feet. '■' ",'■ ' ,, 
 
 The educational facilities are excellent. The city has a high school 
 
 building costing $40,000, domestic science $10,000, two grammar school 
 
 buildings, one with its equipment costing $50,000, the other $40,000. There 
 are four other grammar schools in the vicinity. 
 
 BIG BEAR VALLEY— SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 175 
 
Chino has four church 
 buildings and five other re- 
 ligious organizations hold 
 services. There are n u- 
 merous secret societies and 
 fraternal organizations, 
 good hotel, stores, a bank, 
 theater, and two weekly 
 papers. 
 
 Chino has the second 
 largest beet sugar factory in 
 the state producing annually 
 12,000 tons of sugar and 
 4,000 tons of dried beet pulp, 
 and an alfalfa mill producing 
 1,500 tons of alfalfa meal. 
 
 The monthly pay roll for Chino's factories exceeds $40,000. Seventeen thou- 
 sand five hundred acres of beets are grown in the vicinity, yielding an aver- 
 age of 17 tons per acre, and returning the grower from $4.50 to $6.00 per ton. 
 
 A large oil refinery and a cement pipe plant are located here. Chino 
 district has 9,500 acres of alfalfa which is cut seven times a year, averaging 
 ten tons to the acre per year. 
 
 Sufficient dairying is carried on to supply the large creamery and ship 
 in addition 2200 pounds of milk daily to other markets. This industry is 
 being increased without danger of over production. 
 
 Poultry raising is an industry that has been neglected, though proven 
 profitable, and offers an attractive field, practically unoccupied. 
 
 BEAR VALLEY RESERVOIR. 
 
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 LYTLE CREEK— ONE SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 176 
 
Oranges are grown in the 
 district in a limited quantity. 
 Deciduous fruits are grown 
 extensively, and large quan- 
 tities are supplied to can- 
 neries. 
 
 Walnuts have proven 
 profitable and are being ex- 
 tensively planted. Berries 
 and- vegetables of all kinds 
 do well. 
 
 Chino is in the heart of 
 a proven water belt, where 
 an abundance of pure water 
 can be had at depths ranging 
 from 100 to 300 feet, with a 
 
 pump lift of from 10 feet to 80 feet, at a fuel cost of from $2 to $8 per acre 
 per annum. 
 
 Improved deciduous fruit farms may be purchased from $300 to $400 per 
 acre with water. Improved alfalfa farms bring from $400 to $700 per acre. 
 
 There are approximately 4000 acres of unimproved land in the district 
 subject to the above described water conditions, that can be purchased 
 from $200 to $400 per acre. 
 
 Climatic conditions are ideal for farming and fruit growing. The Chino 
 Chamber of Commerce responds to requests for information. 
 
 GOOD ROADS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 A CORNKR OF ONE OF THE PARKS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY 
 
 177 
 
ONTARIO DISTRICT. 
 
 Kind 
 
 Acres 
 
 Oranges 
 
 4,902 
 
 Lemons 
 
 111 
 
 Olives 
 
 20 
 
 Peaches 
 
 2,408 
 
 Apricots -. - - 
 
 528 
 
 Pears 
 
 78 
 
 WINTER IN THE MOUNTAINS. 
 
 Grapes 447 
 
 Apples 118 
 
 Total acres 8,612 
 
 Ontario. 
 
 Ontario lies 22 miles west 
 of San Bernardino on the 
 Southern Pacific and Salt Lake railroads, and is connected with the Santa 
 Fe and Pacific Electric to the north by trolley system. 
 
 The City has an elevation of 979 feet; population 7,144. It is an incor- 
 porated city of the sixth class. 
 
 In educational facilities, Ontario stands at the front. The Chaffey 
 Union High School, ranking high among the many excellent polytechnic in- 
 stitutions of the state, has a $200,000 structure occupying a 20 acre campus. 
 It has six fine grammar and graded school buildings, 19 church buildings, 
 three hotels, numerous rooming and apartment houses and restaurants, a 
 public library, city hall, Chamber of Commerce building, three banks and a 
 daily paper. Two large packing houses, aided by a number of smaller ones. 
 
 SKY LINE, SAN BERNADINO CITY— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 178 
 
 =0 
 
lake care of the crops, and provide em- 
 ployment for many people, and freight 
 for 900 cars. Two fruit and vegetable 
 canneries report an annual output of 
 275,000 cases of canned goods. 
 
 The Hotpoint Electric Heating 
 Factory is another large industry em- 
 ploying many people the year round, 
 and the two solar heater plants add an- 
 other 100 people to the city's monthly 
 pay roll. 
 
 A planing mill, gas plant, fertilizer 
 plant, dairies, nurseries and irrigation supply factory and other industrial 
 concerns contribute to the prosperity of Ontario. 
 
 In fruits, the orange leads, though much attention is given to the decidu- 
 ous varieties as indicated by the two large canneries located here. Alfalfa 
 and vegetables are grown commercially. 
 
 A few miles east of the city is the 4,000 acre vineyard of the Italian Vine- 
 yard Company, and at Guasti, a station on the Southern Pacific, is located 
 the finest equipped winery 
 in the state, producing 
 1,200,000 gallons of dry 
 wines, 800,000 gallons of 
 sweet wines, and 50,000 gal- 
 lons of grape brandy. The 
 vineyard and winery employ 
 one hundred and fifty men 
 from January to August, 
 and four hundred from Au- 
 gust to December, paying 
 $1.75 to $3.50 per day. 
 
 Near by is the United 
 States Government Bureau mountain cabins— san Bernardino county. 
 
 179 
 
— iQl 
 
 AMONG THE BIG TREES— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 of plant industry and experiment station. Ontario water supply comes 
 from San Antonio Canyon and from pumping plants; is pure and abundant, 
 and is supplied to the lands at an annual cost of $12 per acre. 
 
 A POLYTECHNIC HIGH SCHOOL— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 180 
 
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 ^1 
 
 
 
 A PARK SCENE— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 Improved citrus fruit lands can be purchased for $1000 to $3000 per acre. 
 Unimproved citrus lands are scarce, but deciduous fruit, alfalfa and vege- 
 table lands with water can be had up to 1000 acres at $300 per acre and up. 
 
 Euclid Avenue, the pride of Ontario and Upland, beginning at the South- 
 ern Pacific railroad and extending north in an air line for a distance of seven 
 miles, is 200 feet wide its full length. Double rows of pepper trees screen 
 the trolley way in the center, and on each side is a paved and curbed street 
 66 feet wide, flanked by rows of grevillias and eucalyptus trees. Along this 
 drive are residences in keeping with its character. 
 
 Information in detail may be obtained from the Secretary of the Ontario 
 Chamber of Commerce. 
 
 UPLAND DISTRICT. 
 
 Kind Acres 
 
 Oranges - 3171 
 
 Lemons 1708 
 
 Grape Fruit 65 
 
 Peaches 305 
 
 Kind 
 Apricots 
 Olives — . 
 
 Acres 
 20 
 10 
 
 Total 5279 
 
 Upland is located two miles north of Ontario and 20 miles west of San 
 Bernardino, at an elevation of 1300 feet. The city is incorporated, has a 
 population of 4,000, and is reached over a fine boulevard, the Santa Fe and 
 Pacific Electric railroads, and is connected with the Southern Pacific and 
 Salt Lake railroads to the south by trolley system. Upland has fine busi- 
 ness blocks and residences, and beautiful streets. Euclid Avenue runs 
 
 181 
 
through the heart of the 
 City, and "from palm to 
 pine" describes the arboreal 
 foliage along the way. 
 
 There is a $200,000 Union 
 Kigh School building and 
 two grammar school build- 
 ings, costing $40,000 each. 
 The trustees have provided 
 seven acres of ground for 
 school argiculture, and the 
 experiment has proven bene- 
 ficial. 
 
 In church buildings, Up- 
 land has many fine struc- 
 tures. A Y. M. C. A. build- 
 ing with a two and a half 
 acre children's playground; 
 library, city hall and theatre 
 complete the public building 
 list. There are a number of 
 secret societies, fraternal or- 
 ganizations and social clubs. 
 A band is maintained at pub- 
 lic expense. 
 
 Upland has three sub- 
 stantial banks, building and loan association and a weekly newispaper.i 
 
 The Upland Foundry and Machine Co., casting foundry, two cement 
 pipe factories and tannery make up the list of manufactures. 
 
 Eight fruit packing houses are located here, and the 2,400 cars of citrus 
 fruit shipped east last year returned the growers $1,731,704. 
 
 The water supply is provided by both gravity and pumping systems 
 
 owned by a mutual water 
 company, and water is fur- 
 nished the lands at an annual 
 cost of $12 per acre. 
 
 Improved lands can be 
 purchased at from $1000 to 
 $3000 per acre. There are 
 yet 2000 acres of good citrus 
 fruit land, unimproved, that 
 can be purchased with water 
 at from $400 to $500 per 
 acre. 
 
 The Chamber of Com- 
 merce responds to inquiries. 
 
 A CAMP SCENE— SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS. 
 
 A MOUNTAIN HOME— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 
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 182 
 
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COURT HOUSE— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 CUCAMONGA DISTRICT. 
 Kinds Acres 
 
 Orange 2166 
 
 Lemons 658 
 
 Olives 68 
 
 Peaches 2921 
 
 Apricots 526 
 
 Grapes 11155 
 
 Total 17494 
 
 General character of soils 
 grading from a light sandy 
 into a heavy black loam. 
 
 The town is located four 
 miles east of Upland and 
 seventeen miles west of San 
 Bernardino, on the Santa Fe 
 and Pacific Electric rail- 
 roads, at an elevation of 1676 
 feet, and has an annual rainfall of 24 inches. Its population is 2,000. Cuca- 
 monga has two grammar schools, four churches, a bank, a number of mer- 
 cantile establishments, and a newspaper. Five packing houses furnish 
 freight for five hundred cars each year, and the products of a large acreage 
 of deciduous fruits and grapes find their way to a cannery and three large 
 wineries. A large acreage is devoted to alfalfa, grain and vegetables. The 
 water supply comes from mountain streams and from underground sources, 
 and is furnished at an annual cost of ranging from $8 to $12 per acre. Im- 
 proved farm lands can be purchased at from $1500 to $1800 per acre. There 
 are about 1500 acres of unim- 
 proved land with water available 
 to the homeseeker at prices ranging 
 from $200 to $600 per acre. Vine- 
 yard land with water can be had for 
 $300 per acre. The Secretary of 
 the Chamber of Commerce answers 
 inquiries. 
 
 ETIWANDA DISTRICT. 
 Kinds Acres 
 
 Oranges 335 
 
 Lemons 375 
 
 Olives 170 
 
 Peaches 190 
 
 Apricots 20 
 
 Grapes 4670 
 
 Total 5760 
 
 HALL OF RECORDS 
 
 11= 
 
 183 
 
General character of soil 
 gravelly, sandy and clay 
 loams; average seasonal 
 rainfall 19 inches; elevation 
 1400 feet. 
 
 Etiwanda is located 12 
 miles west of San Bernar- 
 dino on the Santa Fe and 
 Pacific Electric railroads and 
 the foothill boulevard sys- 
 tem, and contains 500 peo- 
 ple. There are good schools 
 and churches, public library 
 and stores. Etiwanda took 
 the sweepstake prize on lemons for three consecutive years at the National 
 Orange Show, and in 1914, added the sweepstake prize on oranges. Table 
 grapes are shipped to the east with profitable results. The raisin grape does 
 
 well, and a large raisin pack- 
 ing establishment, operated 
 on the co-operative plan, 
 cares for the crop. A large 
 co-operative fruit packing 
 house handles the citrus pro- 
 ducts. The. water supply 
 comes from the mountains, 
 is owned and operated on the 
 mutual benefit plan, even to 
 the water sheds, and the 
 cost of water for irrigation 
 purposes has averaged less 
 than five dollars per acre per 
 annum for the past five years. Improved lands sell at from $1000 to $2000 
 per acre. Address the Secretary of the Board of Trade for information. 
 
 BLOOMINGTON— RIALTO— FONTANA DISTRICTS. 
 These three localities are grouped in one horticultural district. 
 Kind Acres 
 
 Oranges 8795 
 
 Lemons 1144 
 
 Grape fruit 505 
 
 Olives 765 
 
 Peaches 181 
 
 Apricots 443 
 
 Grapes 384 
 
 Total 12217 
 
 General character of soil, 
 disintegrated granite and 
 
 & 
 
 BUNGALOWS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY 
 
 184 
 
sandy loam shading from 
 light gray to dark brown. 
 The water supply in the dis- 
 trict is abundant and comes 
 from storage reservoirs fed 
 by Lytle Creek, and from un- 
 derground streams operated 
 by pumping plants, and is 
 furnished to the lands at a 
 cost of about $12 per acre. 
 
 BLOOMINGTON. 
 Bloomington is located 
 six miles southwest ®f San 
 RESIDENCE— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. Bernardino on the Southern 
 
 Pacific and Pacific Electric 
 
 railroads, elevation 1983 feet ; 
 
 population 800. There is a 
 
 good store, $20,000 grammar 
 
 school building, church, post 
 
 office, and good opportunity 
 
 for a hotel man, druggist and 
 
 banker. 
 
 Two large fruit packing 
 
 houses that care for the com- 
 munity output shipped in 
 
 1914, 350 cars of citrus fruits. 
 Climatic conditions are 
 
 favorable to production of 
 
 the lemon, and special at- RKSidence-san Bernardino county. 
 
 tention is being given to this branch of the citrus fruit industry. The olive 
 
 also is grown extensively in this locality. The Curtis Olive Factory located 
 
 here, produced in 1913, 70,- 
 000 gallons of olive oil and 
 190,000 gallons of pickled 
 olives. 
 
 Other fruits and nuts are 
 produced in commercial 
 quantities, as well as alfalfa 
 and vegetables. 
 
 Improved farms may be 
 purchased from $1200 to 
 $2000 per acre. There are 
 about 2000 acres of unim- 
 proved land tributary to the 
 town that can be purchased 
 with water, from $300 to 
 
 AN ELKS' CLUB HOUSE— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 |3}= 
 
 185 
 
 1 
 
h 
 
 $400 per acre. The Cham- 
 ber of Commerce answers 
 request for information. 
 
 RIALTO. 
 Rialto is located 4y2 
 miles west of San Bernardino on the Santa 
 Fe and Pacific Electric railroads; elevation 
 1200 feet; population 1500 people; rainfall 
 18 inches per annum. 
 
 The City has good graded schools, three 
 churches, woman's club, public library, city hall, two lodge rooms, bank, 
 stores and all other conveniences becoming a city of the sixth class. 
 
 Rialto is a fruit growing community. Oranges, lemons and olives are 
 the principal products. 
 
 Improved orchards can be purchased from $1000 to $2500 per acre; un- 
 improved land with water, is available to the extent of 500 acres, and can 
 be purchased at $300 to $450 per acre. There are seven fruit packing houses 
 
 in Rialto proper, handling 
 over 1500 cars of citrus fruit 
 annually, the returns from 
 which enrich the growers to 
 the extent of over $1,500,000. 
 The City streets are well 
 graded and well cared for. 
 Riverside Drive is very 
 wide, with two rows of euca- 
 lyptus trees in the center, 
 between which runs the 
 trolley system. Rows of 
 beautiful peppers line the 
 sides of the driveway and 
 there are many miles of ce- 
 
 A HIGH SCHOOL— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 186 
 
SOME CHURCHES— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
A PART OF SANTA FE RAILROAD SHOPS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 merit curbs and sidewalks. Rialto has a Chamber of Commerce from which 
 information may be obtained. 
 
 FONTANA. 
 
 The Fontana tract lies west of Rialto in the same horticultural district 
 and subject to same water conditions. It contains 17,0(X) acres of land, 500 
 of which have been set to citrus fruits by the company, on tracts selected 
 by non-residents. The Company furnishes the land, the trees, competent 
 men to do the planting and care for the orchards until they come into bear- 
 ing. 
 
 Improved lands can be purchased for $2000 per acre. There are 12,000 
 acres of available unimproved land with water that can be purchased at 
 prices ranging from $250 to $400 per acre. Much of this unimproved land 
 is suitable for deciduous fruits, alfalfa, dairying, poultry raising and diversi- 
 fied farming. 
 
 ANOTHER VIEW SANTA FE RAILROAD SHOPS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 188 
 
AN ORANGE PACKING PLANT— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 COLTON— HIGHGROVE DISTRICT. 
 
 Kinds 
 
 Oranges 
 
 Lemons 
 
 Grape fruit 
 
 Olives 
 
 Peaches 
 
 Acres 
 
 2815 
 
 20 
 
 43 
 
 15 
 
 369 
 
 Kinds 
 Apricots 
 Pears 
 
 Acres 
 13 
 14 
 
 Total 3289 
 
 General character of soil, decomposed granite and sandy loam ; rainfall 
 18 inches per annum ; elevation 893 feet. 
 
 Colton is an incorporated city with a population of 5000. It is located 
 three miles south of San Bernardino on the Southern Pacific, Salt Lake, 
 Santa Fe and Pacific Electric railroads. 
 
 S- 
 
 VINEYARD AND WINERY— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 189 
 
Primarily the city is an indus- 
 trial center with many substantial 
 business blocks, hotels, public 
 library, two banks, high school, 
 six graded schools, six churches 
 and one theater. 
 
 The City owns a municipal 
 water plant and an electric light- 
 iHg system. 
 
 Among the important indus- 
 tries located here are the follow- 
 ing: The California Portland Ce- 
 ment plant, employing 700 people, 
 with a monthly pay roll of $50,000 ; 
 the Pacific Fruit Express, icing 
 company, refrigerator and car 
 shop, with a monthly pay roll of 
 $12,000; the Armour Fertilizer 
 Works with 75 men on the pay 
 roll; the Hydraulic Truck Com- 
 pany employing 150 people; the 
 Gregory Canning Company, em- 
 ploying from 300 to 800 people in 
 season ; the Globe Flour Mills, em- 
 ploying 50 people; the Standard 
 Brick and Tile Company, employ- 
 ing 25 men ; six large packing 
 houses, employing hundreds of 
 people, and four railroad com- 
 panies that center here have a 
 large local pay roll. 
 
 The Highgrove section lying 
 to the south, furnishes the bulk of 
 the fruit. Diversified farming 
 and poultry raising are carried on 
 
 DALE MINES— SAN BERNAKDINO COUNTY. 
 
 190 
 
SKY LINE, SAN BERNARDINO CITY— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 tu some extent, but citrus fruits make up the bulk of the output. An abun- 
 dant water supply is obtained from artesian flow and pumping plants lo- 
 cated to the east, and is furnished to the lands at cost of $8 to $12 per acre 
 per annum. 
 
 Improved lands can be had at $1500 to $2000 per acre. Unimproved 
 lands to the amount of 2000 acres with water, can be had at $200 per acre 
 and up. 
 
 The Chamber of Commerce will furnish data regarding Colton or any 
 industry, upon application. 
 
 BRYN MAWR DISTRICT. 
 
 Kind 
 
 Oranges 
 
 Lemons 
 
 Grape fruit 
 Peaches .. . 
 
 Apricots 
 
 Pears 
 
 Apples ... 
 Grapes 
 
 Total acres 3260 
 
 General character of soil, 
 decomposed granite and 
 
 AN IRRIGATING CANAL— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 191 
 
A BUSINESS STREET— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 brown sandy loam ; rainfall 18 inches. This is a prosperous citrus fruit 
 community with good schools, churches, stores, fruit packing house and 
 other conveniences. It is located seven miles southeast of San Bernardino 
 on the Southern Pacific railroad at an elevation of about 1250 feet. The 
 water supply comes from the Bear Valley system, is gravity water and costs 
 the farmer about $7 per acre per annum. 
 
 Improved farm lands bring from $1500 to $2000 per acre; unimproved 
 land with water is limited; but there is some to be had at $300 to $400 per 
 acre. 
 
 REDLANDS DISTRICT. 
 Kind Acres Kind Acres 
 
 Oranges 7033 Peaches 80 
 
 Lemons 8 
 
 Grape fruit 80 Total acres 7245 
 
 Olives 44 
 
 General character of soil, red granite loam with some clay; elevation 
 1350 feet; rainfall 20 inches. 
 
 Redlands is an incorporated city of the sixth class with a population of 
 12,000. It is located eight miles east of San Beranrdino on the Southern 
 Pacific, Santa Fe and Pacific Electric railroad lines, and may be reached over 
 a fine boulevard. 
 
 It is a city noted for fine hom.es and beautiful parks, and has substantial 
 business blocks, hotels and amusement places. The Redlands University, 
 business college, high school, and eleven public schools graded from gram- 
 
 192 
 
 =6 
 
mar to kindergarten, furnish educational facilities. Kedlands has fourteen 
 churches, six of them provided with pipe organs ; social, literary and musical 
 clubs, free library, five banks, twelve parks, two children's playgrounds; 
 many miles of well paved streets, and two daily papers. 
 
 Fourteen packing houses shipped for the season of 1912-13, 5309 cars of 
 citrus fruits to the eastern market; two olive oil and pickling factories, one 
 of which put out for the season of 1913-14, $150,000 worth of products. 
 There is also located here a plant for the manufacture of citrus by-products. 
 
 The water supply is abundant, coming from the Bear Valley system, 
 and is furnished the fruit grower at about $7 per acre per annum. Improved 
 lands can be purchased at prices ranging from $1500 to $2500 per acre. 
 
 The people of Redlands own the Chamber of Commerce Building, in 
 which is constantly on display an exhibit of the resources of the district. 
 The Secretary will supply information regarding the locality. 
 
 CRAFTON DISTRICT 
 
 Kind Acres Kind Acres 
 
 Oranges 1775 .-\pples 55 
 
 Grape fruit 32 — — 
 
 Olives 32 Total acres 1894 
 
 General character of soil same as Redlands; elevation 1400 feet; rainfall 
 22 inches. 
 
 Grafton is located three miles east of Redlands on the Southern Pacific 
 railroad. It is a thriving village, and has schools, churches, store and large 
 fruit packing establishment. 
 
 Water supply, cost and climatic conditions same as Redlands. Im- 
 proved land is valued from $1500 to $2500 per acre. Unimproved land, with 
 water, to the amount of 2000 acres, is available at prices ranging from $300 
 to $400 per acre. 
 
 YUCAIPA— OAK GLEN DISTRICT 
 Kind 
 
 Peaches 
 
 Pears 
 
 .Apples 
 
 General character of soil alluvial silt and decomposed lava rock, carry- 
 ing a heavy per cent of iron and potash; elevation ranges from 2000 to 3000 
 feet ; rainfall averages 20 inches per annum with some snow in winter ; 
 temperature ranges from six degrees above zero in winter to 103 degrees 
 in summer. The locality has good schools and church, store and other con- 
 veniences. 
 
 Oak Glen is a thriving community in this horticultural district with good 
 school facilities, church and store, and is especially noted for its fine apples. 
 
 This territory lies east of San Bernardino from 14 to 20 miles and is easy 
 of access over good wagon roads. 
 
 This is primarily an apple growing section, though all the deciduous 
 fruits thrive, especially the cherry, which attains a high state of perfection. 
 
 193 
 
 \cres 
 
 Kind 
 
 
 Acres 
 
 75 
 
 Cherrie- 
 
 
 . . 65 
 
 165 
 
 
 
 
 
 4133 
 
 Total 
 
 acres 
 
 4438 
 
MASONIC TEMPLE— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 f^iversified farming may be successfully followed in any of its varied 
 liranches. 
 
 An abundant water supply is available from tunnel systems and storage 
 reservoir in the mountains, and is furnished the lands at a oust of $5 per 
 acre per annum. Improved property can be purchased for $500 per acre and 
 up. Unimproved land with water, up to 10,000 acres, can be had from $27.'i 
 to $300 per acre. Dairying, poultry raising, and truck gardening are prov- 
 ing profitable. The apple and cherry, however, are the money makers at 
 present. 
 
 HIGHLAND DISTRICT, 
 
 Kind 
 
 Oranges 
 
 Lemons ... 
 
 Olives 
 
 Grape fruit 
 
 Acres 
 
 Kind 
 
 4150 
 
 Apricots 
 
 325 
 
 Grapes 
 
 75 
 
 
 75 
 
 Toti 
 
 .Acres 
 
 340 
 
 Total acres .5015 
 
 ie- 
 
 General character of soil decomposed granite and dark sandy loam 
 vation 1200 feet; rainfall 20 inches. 
 
 Highland nestles close to the mountains. It is six miles northeast of San 
 Bernardino and is reached by the Santa Fe railroad. Pacific Electric, or 
 boulevard. 
 
 The village has 1500 imhabitants, three grade schools, three churches, 
 public library, hotel, stores, fruit packing houses and box factory. The cli- 
 matic conditions are on a par with Redlands and other foothill localities. 
 The water supply comes from pumping plants and storage reservoirs and 
 is supplied to the land at a cost of $6 to $8 per acre per annum. Improved 
 
 194 
 
lands are valued at $1500 to $2000 per acre. Unimproved land with water 
 is valued at $300 to $500 per acre, with 1000 acres only available. 
 
 'A Chamber of Commerce is in existence and a letter to the Secretary 
 will bring' a prompt response. 
 
 DEVORE. 
 
 Devore is a station on the Santa Fe railroad, nine miles north of San 
 Bernardino, is near the center of a new territory skirting the foothills. The 
 general character of the soil is decomposed granite learn and sand with 
 stretches of gravel. The elevation ranges from 2100 to 3000 feet, and it is 
 devoted to apples and other deciduous fruits. 
 
 Several thousand acres of land are available ai prices ranging from $2S0 
 an acre upward. 
 
 THE MOUNTAIN DISTRICTS. 
 
 These are but sparsely settled arid no great attempt at their development 
 has been made, yet there are 600 acres of apple trees producing as fine apples 
 as are grown anywhere. 
 
 When the problem of transportation is solved, hundreds of pioneers may 
 find homes in the small valleys and meadows, 
 
 Kind 
 Peaches 
 Pears .. 
 
 Aooles ... 
 
 
 THE DESERT 
 
 DISTRICT. 
 
 Acres 
 
 50 
 
 60 
 
 5900 
 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 
 6010 
 
 
 
 
 
 STREET SCENE— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
 195 
 
=g 
 
 General character sf soiJ 
 varies from' a coarse decom- 
 posed granite to a sandy 
 loam and silt. 
 
 VICTORVILLE, 
 Victorville is located on 
 the Mojave Desert 44 mile;; 
 north of San Bernardino on 
 the line of the Santa Fe and 
 Salt Lake railroads. Eleva- 
 tion 3000 feet ; population 
 500; average rainfall abont 
 8 inches. 
 
 The Mojave River runs 
 through the valley and the 
 town occupies its west bank 
 at the narrows, near the cen- 
 ter of the valley, which con- 
 tains 300,000 acres of land. 
 This district presents splen- 
 did opportunities for people 
 with moderate means. 
 
 The village has a good, 
 school, public hall, two ho- 
 tels, rooming house, two 
 general merchandise stores, 
 livery and garage, black- 
 smith shop, real estate office, 
 restaurants, and two weekly 
 papers, and a five stamp 
 quartz mill. 
 
 About 3000 acres of land 
 along the river are irrigated 
 by gravity water, producing 
 alfalfa, apples, pears and 
 vegetables. Alfalfa is cut 
 four times per year, yielding 
 7 tons of hay per acre. The cattle industry is of importance, more than 
 10,000 head being ranged in the foothills and in the valley. Poultry has 
 proven a sure source of revenue. Turkeys thrive and find a ready market 
 in Los Angeles. 
 
 Three apiaries, with a record of 70 pounds of a superior quality of honey 
 to the colony, prove the value of the bee industry, and there is room for un- 
 limited expansion. With plenty of water, vegetables and melons do well, 
 especially watermelons. One hundred acres of sugar beets yielded a record 
 crop last year and contained the largest percentage of sugar of any beets 
 
 FIRE FIGHTING APPARATUS. 
 
 & 
 
 196 
 
raised in the state, but the long haul to the factory proved prohibitive. 
 Olives have proven satisfactory, and peaches and apricots have been 
 grown in the valley for years. The Concord grape does remarkably well 
 also. 
 
 There are now growing in the valley about 2000 acres of apples and pears, 
 and the acreage will be largely increased. 
 
 Eight miles south of Victorville lies the village of Hesperia, with school, 
 church, store and post office. The village is surrounded by orchards and 
 alfalfa fields. 
 
 Five miles north of Victorville lies Ore Grande, on the same line of rail- 
 road. The town has a population of .SOO people, school, church, numerous 
 >itores and hotels. 
 
 A cement plant, producing .SOO barrels of cement daily, another in pros- 
 pect, and a lime-rock quarry shipping from two to five carloads of stone 
 every day in the year are among the important industries carrying 90 men 
 on their pay roll. The limestone quarry furnishes the stone to every beet 
 sugar factory in the state south of Visalia. 
 
 The agricultural and horticultural future of all this vast territory depends 
 on the solution of the water problem. Two facts stand out prominently, 
 the productive land is here, the water is here, and the problem of a success- 
 ful wedding has in some instances already been demonstrated. 
 
 Eliminating the gravity water, the remaining territory may be separated 
 into two districts, the shallow, and deep well districts. There has already 
 been drilled in various parts of the valley over 300 wells. 
 
 In the shallow districts, wells producing 100 miner's inches of water 
 range in depth from 20 to 100 feet, with a pump lift of 10 to 40 feet. 
 
 In the deep well district, wells producing 50 miner's in-ches of water range 
 in depth from 130 to 500 feet, with a pump lift of 50 to 300 feet. Twelve- 
 inch casing is used in most of these wells at a cost of $1.35 per foot. The 
 cost of drilling is determined by a graduated scale, $1.50 being charged for 
 the first 200 feet, $2.00 per foot for the third 100 feet, and so on increasing 
 with depth until water is secured. The cost of pumping plant will depend 
 on kind, capacity, and lift. When the water is secured and pumping plant 
 installed, the next question is the fuel cost of lifting the water, and here au- 
 thorities and water users differ widely. From the most reliable information 
 obtainable, the fuel cost per hour of lifting 100 miner's inches of water in 
 the shallow district will vary from 20c to 40c. Lifting 50 inches of water 
 in the deep well districts will cost from 70c to $1.40 per hour. This estimate 
 is based on gasoline at 20c per gallon. 
 
 Fifty miner's inches of water for 12 hours equals one acre foot of water ; 
 that is, it would cover one acre of land 12 inches deep, or four acres of land 
 three inches deep. One hundred miner's inches of water for 12 hours would 
 cover 8 acres of land three inches deep. One miners inch of water for one 
 hour equals 543 gallons. 
 
 There are probably 200,000 acres of land in the valley subject to the con- 
 ditions here set forth, and there is another 100,000 acres that could be re- 
 claimed by conservation of the waters in the high mountains to the south. 
 
 197 
 
An organized effort is being made to interest the United States Govern- 
 ment in this jiroposition. 
 
 BARSTOW. 
 Barstow is located on the Mojave desert, 81 miles north of San Bernar- 
 dino, on the Santa Fe and Salt Lake railroads at an elevation of 2100 feet; 
 population 1200. 
 
 The town has a graded school, three churches, three hotels, rooming 
 houses, restaurants, store, theatre and newspaper. 
 
 Barstow is a railroad town, located at the junction of the Santa Fe and 
 Salt Lake railroads, and the diversion point for San Francisco and Los An- 
 geles, making it necessary to maintain extensive repair shops with a monthly 
 pay roll running into many thousands of dollars. 
 
 A little farming is carried on along the river, and fields of alfalfa are not 
 uncommon. There is a large body of productive land tributary to the town, 
 and water development is progressing along lines similar to that of Victor 
 V^alley. 
 
 DAGGETT. . 
 
 Tlie Santa Fe and Salt Lake railroads pass through Daggett, 93 miles 
 
 northeast of San Bernardino, at an elevation of about 2300 feet. In the 
 
 early days, the silver mines of Calico, only six miles away, were the town's 
 
 chief support. Seventy patented mines are monuments to the faith of the 
 
 198 
 
 =6 
 
PICKING ORANGES— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
miner. When the mines 
 were closed down, a few pio- 
 neers turned their attention 
 to the rich lands along the 
 river, where water could be 
 , easily obtained, and fine al- 
 falfa and herds of fat cattle 
 have been their reward. 
 
 NEEDLES. 
 Needles is located on the 
 west bank of the Colorado 
 River, 251 miles northeast of 
 San Bernardino, at an eleva- 
 ti-on of 432 feet. It is an in- 
 corporated city with a popu- 
 lation of 3000, and is the 
 desert metropolis. It has a 
 high school, graded school, 
 churches, two theaters, two 
 banks, four hotels, rooming 
 houses, restaurants and a 
 weekly paper. 
 
 The Santa Fe railroad 
 
 has built and maintains for 
 
 the benefit of its employees, a recreation hall containing billiard, card and 
 
 bath rooms, bowling alley, public library and free reading room. The public 
 
 has access to the building. 
 
 The Santa Fe maintains shops and large round houses at this point em- 
 ploying many men. 
 
 The Needles Mining and Smelting Co. employs 150 men when running 
 full blast. The ore treated comes from local mines and from beyotid the 
 Colorado River in Arizona. 
 
 A large ice plant has a pay roll of $2000 per month, and other local enter- 
 prises add much more. 
 
 The Secretary of the Chamber of Commerce will respond to inquiries. 
 
 MINES AND MINERALS. 
 
 The entire country is rich in mineral indications and honeycombed with 
 prospect holes. Stringers of copper, silver and gold lure the prospector, and 
 the county map is a checker-board of mining locations and patented claims, 
 but there are few developed mines. The man with money for development 
 work and practical knowledge of mining can find in San Bernardino County 
 many interesting localities to explore. 
 
 THE MILLIGAN CAMP lies 40 miles south of Needles, and has pro- 
 duced valuable ores. Prospecting and development are now progressing in 
 a small way. Gold, silver and lead ores are the characteristics of the camp. 
 
 A WELL LADEN ORANGE TREE. 
 
 200 
 
BAGDAD lies 80 miles west of Needles and its history is similar to that 
 of Milligan. 
 
 GOFF lies 30 miles west of Needles. Venadi, an ore, has lately been dis- 
 covered there in sufficient quantity and quality to warrant the erection of a 
 plant for its treatment. 
 
 BARNWELL is located 50 miles northwest of Needles, Wolframite and 
 Tungsten ores have been found, but no development work of consequence is 
 now in progress. 
 
 WHIPPLE MOUNTAIN is located 45 miles south of Needles. Consid- 
 erable development work is in progress with good prospects of ore shipments 
 in the near future. 
 
 NITRATE BEDS of large extent are known to exist 38 miles south of 
 Needles, but so far little development has been done. 
 
 BARSTOW DISTRICT has been an ore shipper in times past. Pros- 
 pecting is now being renewed, but no exciting discoveries have been re- 
 ported. A few miles from the railroad station a deposit of variegated marble 
 has been worked in a limited way. 
 
 VICTORVILLE is headquarters and supply depot for an extensive min- 
 eiral belt. Seven miles away the Yankee Maid Mines are turning out high 
 grade gold ore in sufficient quantity to keep the five-stamp mill located there 
 in operation. 
 
 HOLCOMB VALLEY lies 45 miles southeast of Victorville, and has 38 
 patented mines. It is a gold quartz and placer camp with a record as a pro- 
 ducer and is again coming to life, 90 men now being employed in devel- 
 opment work. 
 
 AT COTTONWOOD, 15 miles north of Victorville, turquoise of gem 
 quality, has been found in paying quantity. Eighteen miles east is another 
 mine of same quality. 
 
 CEMENT, LIME AND KAOLIN exist in large quantities only a few 
 miles from Victorville, but nothing has been done toward developing the 
 properties. 
 
 MARBLE MOUNTAIN lies 15 miles east of Victorville; the product is 
 of finest quality and unlimited in quantity. The property is patented and 
 idle. It was formerly known as the Kimball Marble Mines. 
 
 ORD MOUNTAIN DISTRICT lies 18 miles south of Daggett, is a cop- 
 per and gold camp with six patented mines that have been ore shippers. At 
 present, development work only is in progress. 
 
 CLARK DISTRICT is located in the northeast portion of the county, 
 and has eight patented mines lying dormant. The camp has a record as an 
 ore shipper. The ore carries both gold and silver. 
 
 TROJAN MOUNTAIN has four patented mines in the same condition 
 of idleness. 
 
 igEAR VALLEY, BLACK HAWK AND BURROUGHS camps have 
 produced ores of good values and in considerable quantities but there is no 
 work being done at present. 
 
 201 
 
CONIFERS— SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
GOLD MOUNTAIN AND GOLD PEAK are gold quartz mines with 
 good resources, 35 miles east of Victorville. Considerable development work 
 is now being done. 
 
 DALE MINING DISTRICT is located 105 miles east of San Bernar- 
 dino and has 45 men on the pay roll, producing $20,000 per month. The 
 deepest shaft in the camp (and county) is down near the 1000 foot level, and 
 it is notable that it is the only steady producer recorded. 
 
 It will be seen from the foregoing brief mention that the entire eastern 
 portion of the county is highly mineralized and undeveloped. By far the 
 majority of claims never made the acquaintance of a windlass, and with the 
 exception of the Dale and Calico districts, there is hardly a prospect holr 
 below the grass roots. The surface has only been scratched by the pros- 
 pector. 
 
 HEALTH A.ND PLEASURE RESORTS. 
 
 SMILEY HEIGHTS, while not a resort, may be properly designated as 
 one of the show places of the County. It is located at Redlands, and its 
 ease of access and natural charm coupled with the handiwork of man have 
 attracted more tourists than any other spot in the county. 
 
 OAK GLEN PARK, located 23 miles east of San Bernardino, at an ele- 
 vation of 4000 feet, is a summer resort reached by auto over a safe mountain 
 road. 
 
 SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAIN CREST DRIVE. The San Bernar- 
 dino Mountains having an elevation of from 5000 to 11,275 feet above sea 
 level, and extending for miles from west to east across the county of San 
 Bernardino, have long been known as affording some of the finest scenic 
 views in the world but have until recently been more or less inaccessible to 
 all except those who are accustomed to "roughing it". However, the 
 County Supervisors have recently expended many thousands of dollars in 
 building the San Bernardino Mountain Crest Drive, which for miles follows 
 the crest of the mountains, reaching many of the magnificent summer re- 
 sorts, which are located there. The drive is open all the year to all vehicles. 
 One may leave San Bernardino by automobile a"nd in an hour, travelling over 
 this magnificent road, be enjoying such vistas as can be found nowhere else 
 in the world. Auto stage lines run in connection with the Pacific Electric 
 and Santa Fe railroads, making daily trips over this drive. Tourists who 
 have travelled all over the world have repeatedly stated that for grand and 
 beautiful mountain scenery the San Bernardino Mountains as seen from the 
 "Crest Drive" are unsurpass.ed. The expense of the trip is small and no 
 visitor to California should fail to make the trip. 
 
 FREDELBA PARK is another mountain resort, at an elevation of 
 3300 feet. An auto ride of only 12 miles from San Bernardino over a good 
 road makes it a favorite place to spend the week end. 
 
 SQUIRREL INN 12 miles from the City of San Bernardino, is reached 
 by auto. It is the home of the Arrowhead Mountain Club. 
 
 PINE CREST, 12 miles north of the City of San Bernardino, is 5500 
 feet above the sea. It is a popular year-round resort with splendid hotel 
 
 20,'? 
 
 i 
 
CONIFERS— SAN BERNARDINO MOUNTAINS— SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. 
 
accommodations, cottage and camping privileges, and a well conducted 
 auto stage line over the Mountain Crest Drive. 
 
 SKYLAND RESORT, 11 miles from the City, is a mountain summer out- 
 ing place, 5100 feet above sea level, reached over the Mountain Crest Drive. 
 
 LITTLE BEAR VALLEY CAMP is located 16 miles north of San Ber^ 
 nardino at an elevation of 5500 feet. At this place are located the works and 
 lake of the Arrowhead Reservoir and Power Company. It is the oldest and 
 one o.f the fine.st camping grounds in the whole San Bernardino Mountain 
 Range. 
 
 BEAR VALLEY CAMP GROUND is located 45 miles northeast of 
 San Bernardino at an elevation of 6400 feet. It i.« very popular in season^ 
 and thousands of people visit it each year. 
 
 SEVEN OAKS, 30 miles from the city, elevation 4850 feet, is a summer 
 resort with many attractions, and is reached by team or auto over a good 
 mountain road. 
 
 The THOUSAND PINES RESORT is .15 miles from San Bernardino, 
 and as its name implies, is attractive for its extensive pine forest. It is 
 reached from San Bernardino by auto stage line. 
 
 CAMP BALDY. Camp Baldy Hotel and Resort is located 30 miles 
 northwest of San Bernardino, elevation 4700 feet. Reached from Ontario 
 or Upland. Good hotel accommodations. 
 
 URBITA SPRINGS. This resort is owned by the Pacific Electric 
 Railroad Company, and is located only one mile from the business center 
 of San Bernardino. It is called the Play Grounds of the Citrus Belt. Hot 
 Mineral swimming pool, lake, picnic grounds and varied amusement features 
 have been provided. 
 
 The ARROWHEAD HOT SPRINGS are foremost among the health 
 resorts of the world. They are located 6 miles north of San Bernardino at 
 an elevation of 2000 feet. They are reached over a fine boulevard or by 
 trolley liae. The hotel, baths and other accessories are all modern and up- 
 to-date. 
 
 The springs derive their name from the landmark of the Arrowhead 
 covering seven and one-quarter acres of the mountain side. At the arrow 
 point flow 36 perennial springs, varying in character and temperature as in- 
 dicated in the following analytical tables : 
 
 ANALYSIS ARROWHEAD WATERS 
 Grains per Gallon. 
 
 HJ12 ppj^as^S o si 
 
 S eg s| gs bs is Ife s| II -gs Is |5 
 
 I |S |S 3s II SS3 S3 -is E!i g,-3 3 J ll „ <g £ 
 i ^0 -gu ■§« -geo s«5 gu -u 3u Stn .3 I 5« £ "< 
 
 Penyugal Hot Spring 202° 7.670 1.045 42.650 0.887 4.007 4.246 0.4(1.! 5.806 tr 0.491 .. .0506 
 
 Waterman Hot Springs 200° 6.104 3.224 33.215 1.524 ... 3,521 .... 159 4.708 tr 0.140 .. .015 
 
 Granite Hot Spring.. 190° 6.607 2.243 34.687 .... 2.395 4.21) 0.210 .. 5.301 tr 0.128 
 
 Palm Hot Springs 180° 5.269 2.003 29.903 1.437 3.025 0.151 .... 4.240 tr 0.134 
 
 Fuente Frio (cold) 2.733 1.471 1.022 0.029 1.513 .... 0.529 0.911 
 
 Agua Fri'a (cold) 1.244 0.367 0.128 0.724 0.531 .... 1.758 tr . ... 
 
 Both hot water and mud highly Radio Active. 
 
 205 
 
CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. 
 
 Climatic conditions vary but little throughout the citrus belt of the 
 county, and the official report hereto attached will apply, in the main to all 
 valley localities. / 
 
 In the mountain regions the rainfall reaches 40 inches, snow falls in 
 winter, and the thermometer occasionally drops to zero. 
 
 On the desert the rainfall is scant, and the thermometer travels a long 
 trail of 12.S degrees from zero upwards. 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARY. 
 Station, San Bernardino; County, San Rernardino; Elevation, 1054 ft.. 
 Record from July 1st, 1870 to Dec. 31, 1913. 
 
 TEMPERATURE. 
 Mean. 
 Jan., 5i.S; Feb., 53.7; March., 55.S; April, 59.8; May, 63.7; June, 69.8; July, 75.6; 
 Aug.. 75.7: Sept., 71.1; Oct., 64.2; Nov., 57.4; Dec, 52.4; Annual, 62.S. 
 
 Mean Maximum. 
 Jan.. 66.6; Feb., 68.2; March, 70.1; April, 76.3; May, 79.2; June, 89.0; July. 96.8; 
 Aug.. 96.5; Sept., 91.9; Oct.. 83.6; Nov., 75.8; Dec, 69.3; Annual, 80.3. 
 
 ' Mean Minimum. 
 
 Jan., 36.'^; Feb., 39.7; March, 41.3; April, 44.0; May, 47.6; June. 50.8; July, 55.3; Aug.. 
 S5.7; Sept.. 59.6; Oct., 45.4; Nov., 39.7; Dec, 35.8; Annual, 46.0. 
 
 PRECIPITATION. 
 July, 0.U3; Aug., 0.17; Sept., 0.17; Oct., 0.62; Nov., 1.35; Dec, 2.52; Jan., 3.28; 
 Feb.. 2.93; March. 2.87; April. 1.17; May, 0.57; June 0.08; Seasonal. 15.79. 
 
 WEATHER, 
 Average number of days with 0.01 inch rain. 
 
 Jan.. 7; Feb., 7; March, 9; April, 4; May, 3; June, 1; July 0; Aug., 1; Sept., 2; Oct., 
 3; Nov., 4; Dec, 4; Total for year 45. 
 
 Total number days during year: — Clear. 213; Partly cloudy, 105; Cloudy, 47. 
 
 ■Any other information regarding San Bernardino County may be ob- 
 tained by addressing any Board of Trade or Chamber of Commerce of the 
 County. 
 
 206 
 
San Diego County 
 
 \N DiEGO COUNTY, as created in 1850, exieii.led 
 across the southern part of the State from the ocean 
 to the Colorado River, but was divided in 1907 to 
 create Imperial County, and now contains 4221 s')uare 
 miles. The eastern boundary is a meridian line 
 along the crest of the mountain range that inter\ enes 
 between the coastal region and the desert of the Colo- 
 rado. The county has a shore line of about 70 miles, 
 and a mean width of sixty-five miles. 
 
 There are four topographical divisions of the slope 
 west of the mountain range, consisting of irregular 
 terraces. The lower, or the coastal terrace ranges in 
 elevation from 100 to 400 feet, and being practically 
 free from frost, constitutes the principal citrus belt of the county. In this 
 terrace are the Tia Juana, Otay, Sweetwater, Mission, Soledad, San Diegu- 
 ito, Agua Hedionda, San Luis Rey and Las Flores valleys. In the next 
 terrace is a series of valleys varying in elevation from 400 to 1,500 feet, in 
 which climate conditions are favorable to the culture of vines, cereals, citrus 
 and deciduous fruits. The third terrace consists of foothills and small val- 
 leys and above that is the mountain region, with valleys langing in ele\a- 
 tion from 2500 to 4500 feet, devoted chiefly to stock-raising. 
 
 There are approximately 600,000 acres of tillable land in the county, 
 much of which is still used for grazing or for growing crops not requiring 
 irrigation because the available water supply has not been developed. Soil 
 and climate are favorable to the growth of the semi-tropic products as well 
 as the crops of the temperate zone and with the extension of water devel- 
 opment the acreage under intensive cultivation will be increased greatly. 
 
 [1= 
 
 SAN DIEGO SKYLINE— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 207 
 
The rainfall on the mountain wate-rshed is abundant, and there/are many 
 reservoir sites in which the flood water will be stored for the use of irriga- 
 tion. In parts of the county the ground water supply is ample/and readily 
 available, and many pumping plants have been installed and ar^fe in success- 
 ful operation. 
 
 The present farm acreage of the county is as follows : 
 
 Grain and hay 125,000 
 
 Alfalfa 
 
 Citrus fruits 
 
 Raisin grapes 
 
 Wine grapes 
 
 Olives 
 
 Apples 
 
 Other deciduous fruit.. 
 
 3,620 
 5,421 
 3,600 
 
 825 
 1,498 
 1,258 
 1.420 
 
 Sugar beets 
 
 Beans 
 
 Corn 
 
 Rubber .- . 
 Vegetables .. 
 
 Walnuts 
 
 Almonds 
 
 7' 
 
 3,300 
 
 3,500 
 
 3,680 
 
 250 
 
 350 
 
 65 
 
 45 
 
 Only a small part of the land adapted to the culture of citrus fruit is used 
 for that purpose so far, but the acreage in groves is increasing. The report 
 of the Horticultural Commissioner, corrected to July 1914, shows acreage 
 in the three districts as follows : 
 
 ESCONDIDO DISTRICT. 
 
 Lemons Oranges 
 
 Acres Acres Acres Acres 
 
 Bearing Non bearing Bearing Non bearing 
 
 fescondido 348 291 237 26 
 
 Fallbrook 76 31 31 
 
 Oceanside 13 S 1 
 
 Vista 119 
 
 Miramar 100 5 
 
 Sub-total 537 446 274 26 
 
 EL CAJON DISTRICT. 
 
 El Cajon 136 4 326 19 
 
 La Mesa 282 3 42 
 
 Lemon Grove 486 56 
 
 Lakeside 115 11 
 
 Lakeview 77 1 52 3 
 
 Spring Valley 23 18 22 3 
 
 Jamacha 109 198 7 
 
 Sub-total 1,228 26 707 32 
 
 NATIONAL CITY DISTRICT. 
 
 Chula Vista 974 86 75 S 
 
 National City 83 10 35 
 
 Sweetwater Valley.- 252 148 55 
 
 Otay 62 26 3 
 
 Palm Station S6 10 2 
 
 Nestor S 1 
 
 Paradise Valley 29 58 
 
 Chollas Valley 66 9 29 
 
 Point Loma 44 1 jq 
 
 Sub-total 1,571 289 259 15 
 
 Grand sub-total 3,336 761 1,240 73 
 
 Grapefruit bearing, 46 acres; non-bearing, 5 acres. 
 GRAND TOTAL— Bearing. 4,622; Non-bearing, 839 acres. 
 
 NATIONAL CITY DISTRICT. 
 National City District comprises that portion of the first or coastal terrace 
 south of the city of San Diego. Within its boundaries are National City 
 
 208 
 
MISSION CLIFF GARDENS— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 with a population of 3,500, Chula Vista with 1,200, several towns of a few 
 hundred inhabitants, including Otay, San Ysidro, and a group of settle- 
 ments at the head of the bay, and the valleys of Tia Juana, Paradise, Cholla, 
 and Sweetwater. The larger towns have paved streets, banks, hotels, the- 
 aters, public buildings, clubs, boards of trades, and all are well provided 
 
 i^^^ 
 
 ^^LiuMxa. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^^^^f^^^fiBa 
 
 
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 H 
 
 ^^^3 
 
 I 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 M 
 
 ^^mw^^M^^^mf " -yfp 
 
 ^^^H 
 
 
 IUj|b 
 
 
 jh^s^ 
 
 JwipMHl^^PiBl^^^^^^ffite^'' ""^pMi 
 
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 WHJIjffl 
 
 
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 OLD MISSION DAM— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 209 
 
with schools. Most of the 
 irrigated lands of the district 
 are supplied with water from 
 the Sweetwater dam at an 
 annual charge of $7.00 per 
 acre. There are pumping 
 plants in the bay towns, San 
 Ysidro and Tia Juana valley 
 that lift ground water from 
 15 to 100 feet at small cost. 
 In addition to citrus 
 fruit, the district produces 
 considerable quantities of 
 deciduous fruits, berries, 
 
 , . 1 J J ■ „,„ JAMUL RANCH— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 vegetables and dairy pro- •' 
 
 ducts, and harvests 20,000 acres of hay and grain. Improved and bearing 
 citrus orchards are valued at $1,500 to $3,000 per acre. Unimproved land 
 in the citrus belt, with water, can be bought for $350 to $600 per acre. Gen- 
 eral farming land is held at $50 and upward. 
 
 National City, with three miles of harbor front on the bay is the ter- 
 minus of the Santa Fe railroad, is on the line of the San Diego & Arizona, 
 and the San Diego & Southeastern, is connected with the city of San Diego 
 by electric railroad. Having wharf facilities and factory sites, the city is 
 
 EASTER LILLIES— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 210 
 
of considerable commercial 
 and industrial importance. 
 
 Chula Vista, eight miles 
 from the city of San Diego, 
 is the center of one of the 
 best lemon-growing regions 
 in the United States and its 
 packing houses ship about 
 1,200 carloads of the fruit 
 per year. The town is on the 
 line of the San Diego & Ari- 
 zona and the Electric rail- 
 way. Otay is on the line of 
 the electric railway ten miles 
 south of San Diego. It has 
 ONE OF SAN DIEGO'S PARKS-SAN DIEGO COUNTY, orchards, vineyards and win- 
 ery, vegetable farms and dairies, poultry farms and a large acreage of hay 
 and grain. Near Otay are 20,000 acres of unimproved land, not provided 
 with water for irrigation, that is held at prices ranging from $50 to $250 per 
 acre, offering inducements to the investor. San Ysidro, twelve miles south 
 of the city of San Diego, reached by the San Diego & Arizona railroad and 
 by boulevard, is a colony of the Little Landers. It has 500 acres under in- 
 tense cultivation, and a population of 400. The land is in small tracts, the 
 largest being but two acres, and the money derived from the land sales is 
 used for public purposes. Products are marketed on the co-operative plan. 
 
 KL CAJON DISTRICT. 
 
 comprises that part of the 
 second terrace east of San 
 Diego, varying in elevation 
 from 400 to 800 feet and hav- 
 ing a mean rainfall of ten to 
 fourteen inches. It takes its 
 name from the valley of El 
 Cajon, the second largest in 
 the county, which has soil 
 and climate favorable to the 
 culture of citrus fruits and 
 grapes. There are about 
 2.000 acres of citrus groves 
 and 2,600 acres of vines in 
 the district, from which 
 many carloads of fruit and 
 riisins are shipped annually. 
 Deciduous fruit, grain, hay 
 and dairy products also are 
 shipped in considerable 
 
 CITY PARK, SAN DIEGO— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 211 
 
quantities. Water for irri- 
 gation is supplied to a por- 
 tion of the district from Cuy- 
 amaca reservoir, by a gravity 
 system operated on the mu- 
 tual plan at an average cos.t 
 of $7.00 per acre, and from 
 wells 40 to 150 feet deep, 
 with a corresponding pump 
 lift, not exceeding 50 feet. 
 The Valley is well equipped 
 with electricity. When the 
 abundant available supply of 
 water shall be developed and 
 conserved, the greater part 
 of the 30,000 acres of land park scene-san diego county. 
 
 now in hay and grain ma:y be converted into citrus orchards and vineyards. 
 Citrus orchards are valued at $1,500 to $2,500 pet acre; land with water in 
 
 the present citrus belt, un- 
 improved, is held at about 
 $400 per acre, and land now 
 in hay and grain, not under 
 gravity water, may be 
 bought at prices ranging 
 from $50 to $100 per acre. 
 
 The principal town in the 
 district is El Cajon, 15 miles 
 east of San Diego, with a 
 population of 1,200. Other 
 settlements in the valley are 
 Lakeside, Lakeview, B o s- 
 tonia, Santee, Jamacha and 
 Hillsdale. La Mesa, 11 miles east of San Diego, on the San Diego 
 & Southeastern railway, which taps the district, is a city of 1,100 population, 
 with excellent business, industrial and educational facilities and public im- 
 provements. With Lemon 
 Grove and Spring Valley in 
 the same citrus belt. La 
 Mesa is supplied with water 
 from the Cuyamaca system. 
 Land in these three localities 
 is held at the highest figures 
 quoted for the district. 
 
 E S C O N D 1 D O DIS- 
 TRICT. All of the citrus 
 fruit belt north of the San 
 Diego river is in the Escon- 
 
 GATKWAY TO THEOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE. 
 
 Cruiser san diego. 
 
 212 
 
SOME SAN DIEGO COUNTY RESIDENCES. 
 
==© 
 
 SWEETWATER DAM -SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 (lido horticultural district. Escondido, (Hidden) valley is the largest in 
 the county, and one of the most beautiful and fertile in Southern California. 
 The soil is rich, the climate equable and the water resources abundant. 
 The rainfall averages 17 inches and the valley is generally frostless. The 
 
 BENNINGTON MONUMENT— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 214 
 
present water supply for ir- 
 rigation is derived from a 
 reservoir, fed by the San 
 Luis Rey river, storing more 
 than a billion gallons, which 
 may be increased by further 
 development to serve every 
 acre of land in the valley. 
 The system is operated on 
 the mutual plan, and the 
 charges are regulated to 
 cover cost of maintenance 
 and operation. 
 
 The chief products of the 
 valley are citrus and decidu- 
 ous fruit, table, wine and 
 raisin grapes, and dairy pro- 
 ducts. The latest available 
 reports show shipments of 
 175 carloads of lemons, $20,- 
 000 worth of oranges, 45 
 cars of table grapes, $100,- 
 000 worth of butter, many 
 carloads of raisins, half a mission cliff park scenr-san diego county. 
 million pounds of honey, 25 tons of dried apricots, and an annual output of 
 225,000 gallons of wine, besides large quantities of eggs and poultry. 
 
 Escondido City, 34 miles north of San Diego and 14 miles from the 
 coast, at an elevation of 750 feet, is a terminus of a branch line of the Santa 
 Fe railroad from Oceanside. It is a well built and improved city of 2,500 
 population, and has fruit packing houses, wineries and other industrial 
 plants. In the Escondido and San Pasqual valleys, more than 20,000 acres 
 of hay and grain are harvested. On the next terrace east, at an elevation 
 
 BACK COUNTRY— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 21 .S 
 
ONE OF THE BOULEVARDS— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 of 1,200 feet, are grain, dairy, poultry and stock farms, deciduous fruit 
 orchards, and at Valley Center an experimental rubber plantation of 250 
 acres. The seasonal rainfall of this locality is 20 inches, and irrigation is 
 not required for the production of crops. 
 
 The valley of the San Luis Rey was chosen by the Franciscan fathers as 
 the site of one of the greatest of the many missions established by them iti 
 California, and the wisdom of their choice is manifest to-day. The Padres 
 seem to have made no mistakes in their judgment of agricultural conditions 
 and other factors of location. The soil of the valley is fertile and easily 
 worked, and water supply is abundant. The rainfall varies from ten inches 
 near the coast to 20 inches at the head of the valley, and the ground-water 
 
 BAY OF SAN DIEGO— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 216 
 
NEAR LA JOLLA— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 plane is maintained at a general level but a few feet below the surface. On 
 the adjacent mesas the pumping lift varies from 50 to 150 feet. The prin- 
 cipal products of tke valley are alfalfa, sugar beets, grain, beans, dairy pro- 
 ducts and live stock. 
 
 Fallbrook, 63 miles north of San Diego on a branch of the Santa Fe rail- 
 way, is the principal town of a very productive and prosperous section. 
 
 ROSEVILLE AND DETENTION STATION— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 217 
 
ESCONDIDO RESERVOIR— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 The elevation is 700 feet, and the rainfall is 18 inches. Deciduous fruit, 
 olives and general farm products are grown without irrigation. Citrus 
 orchards are irrigated from wells 40 to 100 feet deep. In the hills to the 
 northeast, the rainfall is sufficient to fill reservoirs and supply water for the 
 entire district, which is practically frostless. Because of the absence of 
 frost, the avocado, or alligator pear thrives, and more than a thousand trees 
 have been planted, but are not yet in bearing. More than 20,000 acres of 
 land are now devoted to hay, grain and pasture. Cattle, poultry and bees 
 are the chief producers at present, but the land devoted to grazing and to 
 forage crops will give greater returns in fruit when water development 
 plans shall be consumated. This land is now held at $50 per acre and up- 
 
 SAN DIEGO & ARIZONA RAILROAD— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 218 
 
 m 
 
=[Q| 
 
 MORENA DAM— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 wards, according to the improvements, and distance from town. There are 
 about 700 acres in deciduous fruit, about the same in olives, and a smaller 
 acreage in citrus. Seven thousand bee colonies produce more than a million 
 pounds of honey annually. Along the coast north of San Diego, are more 
 than 100,000 acres of land in cultivation, much of which is suitable for citrus 
 culture, but is not yet so used because of lack of water development. There 
 is water for all this coastal terrace in the mountains, and there are ample 
 reservoir sites for its conservation. At Oceanside, near the mouth of the 
 San Luis Rey valley, are a few small orchards of lemons, oranges and olives, 
 but most of the land is in hay and grain. Land along the coast suitable for 
 citrus is held at $25 to $125 per acre. 
 
 OCEANSIDE, a city of 1,000 population is one of the principal shore 
 resorts of the county. It occupies a sloping mesa but a few feet above sea 
 level and has a beach free from undertow and safe for surf bathing, as 
 
 MOUNTAIN SPRINGS GRADE ON IMPERIAL VALLEY BOULEVARD— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 219 
 
RAILROAD TIES IN YARDS AT NATIONAL CITY— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 proved by the record of no loss of life. The city is on the main line of the 
 Santa Fe and is the junction of branch lines to Escondido and Fallbrook. 
 
 Eighteen miles east of Oceanside is the Pala branch mission in the midst 
 of the Pala Indian reservation. This reserve has 2,500 acres of sugar beets, 
 alfalfa, poultry, apiaries and several thousand head of cattle. 
 
 The Poway valley, about twenty miles northeast of San Diego and 
 twelve miles from the ocean, is sheltered by low hills, and has abundant 
 flowing and ground water. Grapes, dairy products and cattle are the prin- 
 cipal products of the valley. 
 
 Most of the mountain valleys of the county are included in the large 
 ranches devoted to grazing and cattle raising. The process of subdivision 
 having hardly begun in the back country of San Diego county. There are 
 some small settlements in the valleys, and the suitability of the soil and cli- 
 mate to fruit growing and general farming has been demonstrated. 
 
 RAMONA, is located in the Santa Maria valley, 34 miles east of San 
 Diego, on the main Hne of the county highway system, 14 miles northeast 
 
 CONTENTED DAIRY COWS— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 220 
 
BATTLE SHIPS, SAN DIEGO HARBOR— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 of Foster, the terminus of the San Diego and Southeastern railroad. The 
 valley proper lies at the 1500 foot level and contains about 20,000 acres of 
 land with as much more tributary. 
 
 There were growing in the valley in 1914, 15,000 acres of hay and grain, 
 150 acres of alfalfa and 200 acres of olives and deciduous fruits. The 
 cream from 250 dairy cows,' shipped to the city; returns to the dairyman 
 $20,000 per year, while 1,000 head of stock cattle find pasture on the near- 
 by hills. Eight thousand colonies of bees produce over one million 
 pounds of honey, and 5,725 laying hens produce 68,700 dozen eggs per 
 annum. 
 
 Lands along the river bottom bring from $100 to $300 per acre; mesa 
 lands bring $40 to $100 per acre. Plenty of water may be had along the river 
 
 ORIGINAL OSTRICH FARM— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 221 
 
DAIRYING— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
at depths ranging 
 from 10 to 25 feet. 
 On the mesa lands 
 water is found at 
 from 20 to 100 feet. 
 Gravity water in 
 dbimdance could be 
 stored in the moun- 
 tains and brought to the valley. The 
 average seasonal rainfall is about 18 
 inches. 
 
 BALLENA and Witch Creek, 
 lie just east of Ramona, at an eleva- 
 
 tion of from 2,000 to 
 3,000 feet and have 
 an average season- 
 al rainfall of 23 
 inches. There are 
 200 acres of decidu- 
 o u s fruits, 1,000 
 acres of grain and 
 hay, 1,000 head of cattle, 800 colonies 
 of bees and a number of small poultry 
 farms. No irrigation is practiced 
 here and land values range from $25 
 to $100 per acre. 
 
 COUNTY HOSPITAL BUILDING. 
 
 THE PLAZA AND WILDE FOUNTAIN— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 223 
 
CORONADO BEACH SCENE— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 OCEAN BEACH— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 224 
 
SOME OF THE CHURCHES— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
RESIDENCE— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 RESIDENCE— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 COURT HOUSE— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 m 
 
 SANTA YSABEL ranch 
 lies east of Ballena, SO miles 
 east of San Diego at an ele- 
 vation of 3,000 feet. The 
 Ranch contains 17,800 acres 
 and has three dairies, with 
 about 500 COWS, about 1800 
 head of stock cattle and 500 
 head of hogs. This land is 
 capable of supporting many 
 families when subdivided. It 
 is in the heart of the moun- 
 tain apple belt and has an 
 average seasonal rainfall of 
 25 inches. Adjoining Santa 
 Ysabel on the west, lies, 
 MESA GRANDE, at an ele- 
 vation of 3400 feet, with an 
 average seasonal rainfall of 
 35 inches, having a popula- 
 tion of three hundred. The 
 locality is noted for fine cher- 
 ries, pears and apples. There 
 are 100 acres in bearing 
 orchard, 700 acres in grain, 
 500 head of cattle, a few bees 
 and poultry. 
 
 PALOMAR, north of 
 Mesa Grande, is 6000 feet 
 above the sea, and has an 
 average seasonal rainfall of 
 40 inches. Here, as at Bal- 
 lena, Santa Ysabel, Mesa 
 Grande, Julian, Cuyamaca 
 and Campo, snow falls in 
 winter, and the temperature 
 sometimes drops to zero. 
 There are about 100 acres in 
 deciduous fruit and some 
 hay, garden truck, small fruit 
 and berries are grown, but 
 for the most part the moun- 
 tain is given over to stock. 
 
 East of Palomar lies 
 WARNERS RANCH with 
 over 40,000 acres of well 
 watered land and 7,000 head 
 
 SAN DIEGO SCHOOL BUILDING. 
 
 226 
 
 i 
 
CARNEGIE LIBRARY— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 of cattle. At the Agua Cali- 
 ente Springs, located on the 
 Ranch, at an elevati jn of 
 3,300 feet, sixty-seven miles 
 east of San Diego, are ac- 
 commodations for the health 
 and pleasure seeker. 
 
 SAN FELIPE RANCH, 
 with 10,000 acres, lies south 
 of Warners, it is well wat- 
 ered and devoted to stock 
 raising. 
 
 JULIAN, with a tribu- 
 tary population of 700 lies 
 east of San Diego 60 miles, 
 and has an average rainfall 
 of 30 inches. In the Julian district are 800 acres of apples and pears, 500 
 acres of hay, 2,000 head of cattle, 1000 colonies of bees, and many small fruit 
 
 and berry gardens. Land 
 values vary according to lo- 
 cation and improvements. 
 Bearing orchards from $400 
 per acre and up ; unimproved 
 lands from $25 to $100 per 
 acre. The numerous gold 
 medals, and prizes taken at 
 the different expositions by 
 the Julian apple growers, 
 speak highly of the value of 
 this industry. With the ex- 
 tension of railway transportation to Julian, here will be found some of the 
 largest commercial apple orchards in the United States. 
 
 The CUYAMACA 
 RANCH, lies south of Juli- 
 an, at an elevation of 4,600 
 to 6,000 feet. The rainfall is 
 40 inches and the tempera- 
 ture often drops to zero in 
 winter. The ranch is well 
 timbered and watered and 
 utilized for stock raising. 
 Much of this land is adapted 
 to fruit growing. 
 
 DESCANSO is located 
 50 miles east of San Diego, 
 elevation 3300 feet, rainfall 
 30 inches, and tributary pop- 
 
 
 ONE OF THE CITY SCHOOLS. 
 
 SAN DIEGO BUSINESS BLOCK. 
 
 227 
 
Jl 
 
 
 Lii 
 
 
 Sitali illilliiimiil 
 
 iiiiiiiflil m^J^m^m^m 
 
 if " 
 
 L 
 
 A SAN DIEGO BUSINESS BLOCK. 
 
 new San Diego & Arizona 
 trans-continental railroad be- 
 tween the Imperial valley 
 and San Diego, a distance of 
 124 miles. 
 
 POTRERO, 42 miles 
 south-east of San Diego, has 
 25 acres of deciduous fruit, 
 500 acres of grain, and a few 
 dairy cows, bees and poultry. 
 
 DULZURA, 31 miles 
 south-east of San Diego, has 
 100 acres of orchard, 400 
 acres of grain, 1000 colonies 
 of bees, and a few cattle and 
 poultry. 
 
 JAMUL, 22 miles south- 
 east of San Diego, has a 
 number of small orchards, a 
 few bees and poultry, the 
 principal product i s grain, 
 about 3000 acres being har- 
 vested. 
 
 ulation 300. There are in 
 the community 100 acres of 
 deciduous fruit, 150 acres of 
 alfalfa, 500 acres of grain, 
 2,155 head of cattle, 300 head 
 of hogs, dairies that ship 
 cream to San Diego, 1,000 
 laying hens, and 1,000 col- 
 onies of bees. 
 
 CAMPO, is principally a 
 stock country, located 51 
 miles south-east o f San 
 Diego, at an elevation of 
 2,550 feet, rainfall 23 inches. 
 There are some small dairies 
 and 3000 colonies of bees in 
 the district. Campo is on 
 the county boulevard extend- 
 ing from San Diego to El 
 Centro, the county seat of 
 Imperial county, and will be 
 the principal station on the 
 
 228 
 
 SAN DIEGO STREET SCENE— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
MINERAL RESOURCES. 
 
 There are prospects of 
 metals and other valuable 
 minerals in the mountain re- 
 gions of the county, and 
 some mining has been done 
 with fair success. The rec- 
 ords show, that more than 
 $5,000,000 in gold has been 
 produced by the mines of 
 Julian and Banner districts 
 from workings above water- 
 level, and some are being 
 mined now. Copper and 
 nickel are found near Julian 
 and Boulder Creek. 
 
 In the Descanso, Dulzura 
 and Campo districts are 
 found, gold, malachite, mica, 
 gypsum, lime, kaolin, clays 
 and kindred minerals, and 
 near Encinitas and Valley 
 Center there are deposits of 
 copper, zinc, lead and gold. 
 At Pala, there are deposits of lithia and the 
 gem stone known as kunzite. At the foot of 
 
 ONE OF THE HOTELS— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 principal mine producing the 
 Palomar Mountain some beryl 
 has been produced, and on 
 the east slope of the same 
 mountain, tourmaline and 
 blue topaz are mined ; at Ra- 
 mona, blue and white topaz, 
 blue tourmaline, pink beryl 
 and hyacinth are mined, and 
 many millions of dollars in 
 gems have been produced 
 from the above named dis- 
 tricts. Because of the great 
 variety of precious gems 
 found in the county, San 
 Diego has been named the 
 "Gem Casket" of the State. 
 
 RESORTS. There are 
 many health and recreation 
 resorts in the mountains and 
 on the seashore of San Diego 
 County. The principal moun- 
 tain resorts are : Warner's 
 
 STREET SCENE— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 229 
 
STATE NORMAL SCHOOL— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 Hot Springs, 67 miles from San Diego at an elevation of 3,300 feet, noted 
 for mineral waters and medicinal baths ; Descanso, 42 miles from the city, at 
 an elevation of 3180 feet; Campo, 51 miles from the city on the mountain 
 boulevard, at an elevation of 2250 feet; Julian, 60 miles east of the city at 
 an elevation of 4250 feet ; Cu- 
 yamaca Lake, 54 miles east 
 at an elevation of 4677 feet, 
 among the pines ; Pine Hills, 
 Witch Creek, Mesa Grande, 
 Palomar Mountain, Alpine 
 and Willows, at an elevation 
 of from 1500 to 3500 feet. 
 
 Lakeside, in El Cajon 
 valley, 21 miles from the 
 city, is an all the year round 
 resort, with attractions of 
 deer and water-fowl shoot- 
 ing, fishing and mineral 
 springs. 
 
 The principal shore re- 
 sorts are ; La Jolla, a city of 
 1500 population, on a rocky 
 bluff above a good beach ; 
 Delmar, Cardiff by the Sea, 
 Oceanside, Ocean Beach, Im- 
 perial Beach and Coronado. 
 
 SAN DIEGO BUSINESS BLOCK. 
 
 230 
 
 =0 
 
m-- 
 
 STREET SCENE— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 The last named is a city of 5000 population, just across the bay from San 
 Diego. It has a speedway, polo grounds, golf links, ball park, tennis court, 
 archery greens and other facilities for sport and recreation and the world- 
 famous Hotel del Coronado. 
 
 CITY OF SAN DIEGO. In the city of San Diego started the civiliza- 
 tion of the west coast of what is to-day the United States. It was in 1549 
 that Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, the Portuguese sailor in the service of Spain, 
 
 landed at the Harbor of the 
 Sun, tarried a little time and 
 sailed back to the south. It 
 was in 1602 that Viscaino 
 came, charted the country, 
 tarried a bit, and returned. 
 It was in 1769 that there 
 came Fray Junipero Serra, 
 the most important figure of 
 the colonizing party. The 
 others had come and gone, 
 but he stayed, and he made 
 possible the start, not alone 
 of Christianity, but of devel- 
 opment. 
 
 SPRECKLES THEATRE— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 231 
 
 'm 
 
At the foot of the old 
 presidio in Old Town, still 
 stands a majestic palm, Serra 
 planted it. In the orchard 
 below the old mission of San 
 Diego de Alcala, which he 
 started, still stand olive 
 trees, bearing. He, and the 
 other colonizers planted 
 them. Over the hills roam 
 the cattle and the sheep, and 
 in the fertile valleys, grow 
 the myriad fruits and grains 
 and vegetables. It was the 
 hand of Junipero Serra which 
 started the agricultural 
 prowess from which all this 
 has sprung. The San Diego 
 Exposition pays particular 
 honor to his name. His sta- 
 tue is at the top of the frontis 
 piece about the doorways of 
 the California State building. 
 
 SAN DIEGO BUSINESS BLOCK. 
 
 His bust surmounts the tab- 
 let in the wall of the Varied 
 Industries building. 
 
 The Exposition lays par- 
 ticular stress on the opening 
 of the Canal, not as a mere 
 celebration of a feat accom- 
 pHshed, but as the heralding 
 of things to come. San 
 Diego is the first port of call 
 north of the Canal, and with 
 its natural harbor of to-day 
 and the railroad improve- 
 
 I 
 
 FEDERAL BUILDING— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 ments of to-day and tomor- 
 row, will seek to serve the 
 back country in rushing her 
 products to market via the 
 canal, and in bringing in 
 other products of which the 
 back country is in need. The 
 figures relative to the south- 
 
 232 
 
 A SAN DIEGO SCHOOL. 
 
ern counties of California have been used extensively by the Exposition in 
 determining exactly w^hat can be offered those of the tourists who wish to 
 stay, and other valuable figures have been compiled concerning the greater 
 areas still further back. The effort has been to present this information in 
 graphic form, and in the superb setting which is possible in a country so 
 blessed of nature and so rich in the quaint, beautiful traditions of the early 
 days, the days of the padres and the earlier days of the discoverers. These 
 traditions may be considered as crystalized in the Exposition. 
 
 The city of San Diego, is built upon the slopes of low hills overlooking 
 the bay and has perfect drainage. Its present mountain water supply is 
 ample for a population of 250,000 with undeveloped water resources for a 
 city of one million. The population in 1914 was 90,000. The city has 
 1,680 acres of parks; 175 miles of streets, 35 miles of them paved; 70 miles 
 of electric railway; municipal farm lands, and equipment valued at $800,000; 
 a $2,500,000 sewer systefti ; a splendid boulevard system connecting the city 
 with all parts of the county; a State Normal school; high school for 2,000 
 pupils, employing 71 teachers; 30 grade and grammar schools with 208 
 teachers and 8354 pupils; academies, seminaries, convent school, business 
 colleges, Theosophfcal academy and a public library of 50,000 volumes housed 
 in a $60,000 building. The value of public school property is more than 
 $2,700,000. The value of county buildings located in the city is $1,500,000. 
 In San Diego are 54 churches, 12 banks, several large hotels, one costing 
 $2,000,000; 50 or more smaller hotels, and more than 500 rooming and apart- 
 ment houses. The city has a Chamber of Commerce, and supports three 
 daily and several weekly newspapers. 
 
 San Diego's greatest asset is her landlocked harbor of 22 square miles 
 area, which is ranked among the ten best in the world. The depth of an- 
 chorage is from 20 to 96 feet at low tide, and a depth over the bar of 40 feet, 
 and for eight miles from the entrance inward js 36 feet. The normal tide is 
 6 feet. It is 16 miles from the harbor mouth to the head of the bay, where 
 the depth is 20 feet. The city owns the water frontage and 1,460 acres of 
 tidelands, and has spent $1,500,000 in pier construction. Wharf and factory 
 sites are leased on liberal terms. The Harbor is defended by strong forti- 
 fications on Point Loma, where the United States has a military reservation 
 of 1,000 acres. The Federal government also maintains quarantine and 
 coaling stations and aviation school. 
 
 San Diego is the western terminus of the Santa Fe railroad, ar d of the 
 San Diego & Arizona, which shortens the route to the east, decreases the 
 average grade to less than one per cent, and the maximum to 1.4 per cent, 
 and makes tributary to the city the great irrigation-farming regions of Im- 
 perial valley and southwestern Arizona. San Diego has 216 manufacturing 
 plants. Their combined capital is $14,597,000 and their total output reaches 
 the sum of $14,316,300 for the year. Divided into groups, the manufactures 
 are as follows; Wood manufacturers. Number of establishments, 22, num- 
 ber of employees 388; amount of capital invested $638,000; total annual out- 
 put, $1,384,000, divided into lumber and planing mills; number of establish- 
 ments, 10; number of employees, 207; capital invested, $341,000. Value of 
 
 233 
 
FIRE FIGHTING APPARATUS— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
product, $890,000. Sash and door; number of establishments, 5; number of 
 employees, 75 ; capital invested, $187,000 ; value of products, $189,000. Fur- 
 niture and Office fixtures; number of establishments, 7; number of em- 
 ployees, 108; capital invested, $110,000; value of products, $305,000. Clay, 
 cement and stone, number of establishments, 20; number of employees, 
 387; capital invested, $893,500; annual output, $1,234,500; divided into, brick, 
 and clay; number of establishments, 4; number of employees, 120; capital 
 invested, $265,000; value of product, $330,000. 
 
 Concrete, tile, pipe and pottery; number of establishments, 9; number of 
 employees, 134; capital invested, $143,000; value of products, $337,000. 
 
 Marble, granite and crushed rock; number of establishments, 7; number 
 of employees, 133. Capital invested, $485,500; value of product, $567,500. 
 
 Metal manufacturers: number of establishments, 30; number of em- 
 ployees, 446; capital invested, $548,700; annual output $777,000; divided 
 into foundries and iron works; number of establishments, 8; number of em- 
 ployees, 248; capital invested, $229,500; value of product, $397,000. 
 
 Sheet metal: number of establishments, 10; number of employees, 103; 
 capital invested, $75,200; value of product, $175,000. 
 
 Machine and engine works, tools and wire; number of establishments, 
 12; number of employees, 95; capital invested, $244,000; value of products, 
 $205,000. 
 
 Foodstuffs, manufacturers; number of establishments, 64; number of 
 employees, 1,040; capital invested, $3,257,600; annual output, $4,995,100; di- 
 vided into : 
 
 Confectionery; number of establishments, 11; number of employees, 215; 
 capital invested, $267,200; value of product, $434,000. 
 
 Flour and bakery goods; number of establishments, 9; number of em- 
 ployees, 215; capital invested, $433,000; value of product, $65,000. 
 
 Bottling goods: number of establishments, 11; number of employees, 46: 
 capital invested, $61,500; value of products, $157,000. 
 
 Relishes, jams, etc.; number of establishments, 8; number of employees, 
 i3; capital invested, $34,500; value of product, $82,100. 
 
 Miscellaneous food products; number of establishments, 15; number of 
 employees, 461; capital invested, $2,352,000; value of products, $2,962,000. 
 
 Cigars and tobacco; number of establishments, 10; number of employees, 
 126; capital invested, $109,000; value of product, $295,000. 
 
 Rrinting and engraving; number of establishments, 37; number of em- 
 ployees, 189; capital invested, $387,000; annual output, $530,000. 
 
 Electric fixtures, number of establishments, 7; number of employees, 60; 
 capital invested, $60,000; annual output, $143,000. 
 
 Leather and lumber, number of establishments, 5; number of employees, 
 560; capital invested, $1,029,800; annual output, $3,026,000. 
 
 Breweries, two, number of employees, 60; annual output, $500,000. 
 Printing; number of establishments, 48; total capital, $750,000; annual 
 output, $1,250,000; annual wages, $400,000. 
 
 Miscellaneous; number of establishments, 32; number of employees, 846; 
 capital invested, $7,782,400; annual output, $2,226,700. 
 
SOME APARTMENT HOUSES— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 POLYTECHNIC HIGH SCHOOL— SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 
 
 23b 
 
To the list of factories should be added the Citrus Washing Powder 
 Company, with a heavy output, the Chollas Salt Works, annual output 500 
 tons, and the Western Salt Works, at the head of San Diego bay, annual 
 output, 40,000 tons. 
 
 About eighty per cent of all manufacturers distribute their products in 
 San Diego County and the immediate vicinity. Of the other twenty per 
 cent, fifteen manufacturers have a nation-wide market, while the balance 
 sell their products in all the states west of the Rocky Mountains.. 
 
 About twenty-four per cent of the manufacturers own their own prop- 
 erty; about ten per cent lease the ground and own the buildings; while the 
 remaining sixty-six per cent lease their entire premises. 
 
 Meteorological; following are data from the United States Weather re- 
 port for the station of San Diego, at an elevation of 93 feet : 
 
 TEMPERATURE. 
 Normal. 
 Jan., 54.0; Feb., S4.6; March, S6.2; April, S8.2; May, 60.8; June 63.8; July, 66.9; Aug., 
 68.7; Sept., 66.9; Oct., 63.0; Nov., S9.0; Dec, SS.7; Annual, 60.6. 
 
 Mean Maximum. 
 Jan., 62.5; Feb., 62.1; March, 63.4; April, 64.6; May, 64.1; June, 67.2; July, 71.0; Aug., 
 67.2; Sept. 72.3; Oct., 69.9; Nov., 67.7; Dec, 64.5; Annual, 66.4. 
 
 Mean Minimum. 
 Jan., 48.1; Feb., 48.7; March, 50.4; April, 52.8; May, 55.6; June, 58.S; July, 62.1; Aug., 
 63.7; Sept., 61.5; Oct., 57.1; Nov., 52.8; Dec, 48.6; Annual, 55.0. 
 
 PRECIPITATION. 
 July, 0.06; Aug., 0.11; Sept., 0.08; Oct., 0.34; Nov., 0.95; Dec, 1.84; Jan., 1.77; Feb, 
 1.93; March, 1.52; April, 0.63; May 0.33; June, 0.06; Season, 9.62. 
 
 Total number of days during year: Clear, 266; Partly cloudy, 49; Cloudy, SO. 
 
 COUNTY STATISTICS. 
 
 The population of San Diego County, in 1914, was 140,000. 
 
 Assessed valuation, $75,780,118; tax rate, levied in 1914, $2.00. 
 
 The county has issued $1,126,000 in bonds for highways, and has built 
 450 miles of boulevard. Out of a road fund contributed by individuals, the 
 county has expended $60,000 on a mountain grade within the limits of Im- 
 perial County. 
 
 In San Diego County are 9 high schools and 175 graded schools, employ- 
 ing 515 teachers and having an average enrollment of 16,000 pupils. The 
 value of school property outside of the city of San Diego is $1,500,000. 
 
 The United States Census of 1910 gives the following county data: 
 
 Acres of land in farms 834,426 Horses 11,498 
 
 Value pf farm property $31,124,814 Mules 947 
 
 Value of crops 2,861,136 Swine 3,391 
 
 Value of dairy products 423,545 Sheep 289 
 
 Poultry and eggs 357,579 Goats 1,147 
 
 Live stock sold 614,766 Poultry 130,158 
 
 Honey and wax 89,401 Colonies of bees 30,566 
 
 Cattle in county 58,777 Total value of animals $3,001,109 
 
 The butter product of the county for 1911 was 621,785 pounds. The 
 cities and towns throughout the county have their chambers of commerce, 
 boards of trade or public improvement clubs. Any further information de- 
 sired by the reader will be readily supplied by addressing the same, or the 
 Board of County Supervisors, San Diego, California. 
 
 2t7 
 
 ^ 
 
CANYON SCENE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
Ventura County 
 
 ENTURA COUNTY was created March 22, 1872. It 
 is bounded on the south by the Pacific Ocean, 
 on the east by Los Angeles County, on the north 
 by Kern County and on the west by Santa 
 Barbara County, and contains 1878 square miles 
 of territory, much of which is in the Government 
 Forest Reserve. 
 
 COUNTY STATISTICS. 
 
 The Federal Census of 1910 showed that the 
 
 county had a population of 18,347, while in- 1914 
 
 it is estimated at 25,000 people. The assessed 
 
 valuation of all property in 1914 totaled $30,- 
 
 971,620. Tax rate, including state, county and roads, was $1.76 on 
 
 each $100 valuation. Bonded debt, $392,000. Total number of acres land 
 
 assessed, 569,840. 
 
 SCHOOLS. 
 
 The County is divided into 51 school districts, containing five High 
 Schools with thirty-three teachers, fifty-five Elementary or Grammar 
 Schools with one hundred and eleven teachers, and one Kindergarten with 
 one teacher, making a total of sixty-one schools and one hundred and forty- 
 five teachers. The total number of pupils enrolled was 3789. 
 
 ONE OF THK PARKS— VENTUKA COUNTY. 
 
 23f 
 
 -m 
 
3,700,000 
 
 LIVE STOCK. 
 The reports show live stock as follows : 
 
 Horses 4,118 Sheep 2,700 
 
 Mules 1,308 Dairy Cows 1,400 
 
 Cattle 11,420 Poultry (dozen) 5,071 
 
 Hogs 1,730 Bees (colonies) 20,000 
 
 OUTPUT FOR 1913. 
 
 Product Amount Value 
 
 Oranges $ 230,000 
 
 Lemons 1,400,000 
 
 Dried Fruit 2,000 tons 360,000 
 
 Walnuts 1,900 tons 456,000 
 
 Beans: Lima 850,000 sacks) 
 
 Black Eye 75,000 sacksj 
 
 (80 lbs. to the sack) 
 
 Bean Straw, baled 30,000 tons 150,000 
 
 Sugar Beets 180,000 tons 945,000 
 
 Fish 3,990 
 
 Rhubarb 1,800 
 
 Vegetables 5,000 
 
 Sugar 92,880,900 lbs. 3,715,236 
 
 Brick 3,575 
 
 Clay 1,000 
 
 Natural Gas 4,163 
 
 Petroleum 748,800 bbls. 584,811 
 
 Sandstone 1,850 
 
 Corn 2,409 Acres Barley 10,077 Acres 
 
 Oats 1,138 " Hay 45,044 " 
 
 Wheat 2,896 " Potatoes 300 " 
 
 Ventura is the pioneer oil producer of the state — number of oil wells, 
 260. The wells range in depth from 600 to 3700 feet. 
 
 There are 34,620 acres of land under irrigation in Ventura County, and 
 it is claimed by experts that this county, with the Ventura and Santa Clara 
 Rivers, living streams, flowing through it and the entire surface underlaid 
 with an apparently inexhaustible supply of water at depths ranging from 
 one hundred to four hundred feet, has the best water supply and perhaps 
 the one least in need of it. Artesian water is found in practically the entire 
 Santa Clara Valley, and also in the territory surrounding Oxnard. 
 
 The American Beet Sugar Company at Oxnard has several wells from 
 200 to 300 feet in depth, from which they pump during the sugar season 
 approximately 15,000,000 gallons of water per day without lowering the 
 water level more than 2 or 3 feet during that period, which lasts in some in- 
 stances 110 days. 
 
 The fruit industry of Ventura County is growing rapidly and there are 
 many opportunities for profitable investment by the home-builder. Lemons, 
 
 &=^ = iSi 
 
Acres 
 
 Acres 
 
 Not Bearing 
 
 Planted 1913-14 
 
 1720 
 
 1050 
 
 2080 
 
 825 
 
 535 
 
 300 
 
 3305 
 
 600 
 
 190 
 
 
 BEACH SCE1*E— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 walnuts, apricots and oranges are the leading horticultural products. The 
 following figures, obtained from the County Horticultural Commissioner, 
 give the number of acres in orchard, beans, beets and alfalfa: 
 
 Acres 
 Product Bearing 
 
 Apricots .- 2175 
 
 Lemons ISO:- 
 
 Oranges 1610 
 
 Walnuts 6415 
 
 Miscellaneous Deciduous trees 427 
 
 Totalland available for fruit trees 95,950 acres 
 
 Beans, crop of 1914 (55,000 Lima) 72,800 " 
 
 Sugar Beets, crop of 1914 11,500 " 
 
 Alfalfa, crop of 1914 3,000 " 
 
 Total number of acres that may be brought under irrigation, 124,500. 
 
 All of the citrus fruits re- 
 quire irrigation but only 50 
 per cent of the walnuts, 40 
 per cent of the apricots, 25 
 per cent of the beets, and 19 
 per cent of the beans are ir- 
 rigated. The walnuts and 
 apricots require but two irri- 
 gations per year and the 
 beets one. Grain is grown 
 without irrigation. 
 
 The County Supervisors 
 maintain four fine public corner of a park— ventura county. 
 
 241 
 
i:A 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 ONE OF THE MANY TROUT STREAMS— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 parks viz.: Recreation Park, 80 acres; Foster Memorial Park, 40 acres; 
 Camp Comfort, 40 acres, and a park of 60 acres on the ocean front. 
 
 THE COUNTY SEAT. 
 
 The modern city of Ventura, the seat of government of one of California's 
 most prosperous counties, is located on the site of the once famous mission 
 farm, and one glance of the student of history will reveal the reason why 
 Padre Serra "wept bitter tears over the 13 years delay in establishing El 
 Mission de San Buenaventura", though but little remains to convince one 
 of its primal glory. San 
 Buenaventura was one of the 
 three missions originally 
 planned when it was deter- 
 mined to civilize and chris- 
 tianize Alta California, and 
 the vestments and other 
 church paraphernalia came 
 from San Rlas on the first 
 ship. 
 
 A site was chosen for the 
 mission "where the moun- 
 tains come down to meet the 
 sea" and a more picturesque 
 or productive spot would be 
 
 A CAMPING PLACE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 fai= 
 
 242 
 
BIRD'S EYE VIEW— SANTA PAULA. 
 
 hard to find even in our beloved California. Between the sea and the moun- 
 tain base scarce a mile intervenes, and here, after years of vexatious delay, 
 on March 30th, 1783 Serra founded his last mission, for on August 28th. 
 1784, he died. 
 
 Ventura City is located 80 miles northwest of Los Angeles on the coast 
 line of the Southern Pacific railroad at an elevation of 44 feet and has an 
 average seasonal rainfall of 16 inches. 
 
 The population is estimated at 4500. There are many substantial busi- 
 ness blocks, hotels, banks, public halls, lodge rooms, theaters, public library, 
 city hall, social and fraternal organizations, Elizabeth Bard Memorial Hos- 
 pital, and church buildings, besides the mission. There is a well organized 
 Chautauqua Association owning a fine pavilion seating 1500 people, Citizens 
 Club House, woman's rest room and two well improved city parks. 
 
 The city is supplied with excellent educational facilities, having high 
 school building costing $75,000, three intermediate and one kindergarten 
 school buildings. 
 
 A COUNTY BRIDGE— VfiNTURA COUNTY. 
 
 243 
 
RESIDENCE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 The higher grades spe- 
 cialize in agriculture. 
 
 The county court house, 
 jail and hospital located in 
 the city are modern struc- 
 tures. The court house is 
 new, and cost $300,000. 
 
 Ventura has a number of 
 industries other than her 
 fruit, beets and beans, and 
 has many attractions for 
 those in search of a home. 
 
 METEOROLOGICAL SUMMARIES. 
 
 Temperature. 
 
 Mean. 
 
 Jan., 51.7; Feb., 53.1; March, 54.0; April, 57.4; May, 59.4; June, 64.6; 
 
 July, 71.6; Aug., 71; Sept., 68.8; Oct., 64.1; Nov., 57.7; Dec, 52.1; Annual, 
 
 60.6. 
 
 PRECIPITATION. 
 July, tr.; Aug., 0.01; Sept., 0.75; Oct., 0.75; Nov., 0.98; Dec, 2.08; Jan., 
 7.50; Feb., 4.32; March, 5.84; April, 0.65; May, 0.50; June, 0.16; Seasonal, 
 24.91. 
 
 THE AVENUE DISTRICT. 
 
 The Avenue District lies immediately north of Ventura and is devoted 
 to lemons, walnuts, apricots and 500 acres of lima beans. It is a shoestring 
 district bordering the Ventura River, the source of water supply. The Ven- 
 tura Power Company operates the Avenue gravity water system and sup- 
 plies water at 25c per miner's inch for 24 hours run. 
 
 The annual cost of irrigating beans is $3.00 per acre, that of walnuts and 
 apricots $6.00 to $8.00 per acre, lemons $25.00 per acre. 
 
 SANTA ANA VALLEY. 
 The Santa Ana Valley 
 joins the Avenue district on 
 the north and is devoted to 
 grain, beans, apricots and 
 walnuts. This district is irri- 
 gated from private wells 
 ranging in depth from 175 to 
 250 feet with a pump lift of 
 from 30 to 80 feet. The 
 water conditions, home life, 
 educational facilities and 
 harvest returns are highly 
 satisfactorv. 
 
 -' RESIDENCE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 244 
 
 =101 
 
GLEN TAVERN— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 NORDHOFF. 
 NordhofiE is a cozy little 
 
 village with a population of 
 
 400 people, 15 miles north of 
 
 Ventura at an elevation of 
 
 736 feet and is reached over 
 
 a fane scenic drive-way, also 
 
 by a branch line of the 
 
 Southern Pacific railroad. It 
 
 has an average seasonal 
 
 rainfall of 18 inches. 
 
 There is a hotel, weekly 
 
 paper, bank, 3 churches and 
 
 several commercial business houses. The educational facilities are efficient. 
 
 There is a new high school building costing $20,000, and a grammar school 
 
 building with 4 teachers and the pupils enrolled in the two schools aggregate 
 
 150. There are two other good schools in the valley with a good attendance. 
 
 The Thatcher School for 
 Boys is located in the foot- 
 hills five miles north of the 
 town and Miss Elizabeth 
 Smith's school for Girls is 
 nearby. 
 
 Nordhoff is fortunate 
 other than in location. It is 
 the home of the Thatcher 
 Memorial Library, the Jacob 
 Boyd Memorial Club, now 
 designated as Casa de Piedra 
 Ojai Valley, the Nordhoff 
 
 Memorial Fountain and the Ojai Valley Tennis Club and headquarters of 
 
 the Citizens League. 
 
 The Ojai power plant, an ice plant, cement pipe plant, 2 fruit packing 
 
 houses, that prepare 175 cars of choice fruit for the eastern market annually, 
 
 are among the town's industries,. 
 
 RESIDENCE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 OJAI VALLEY. 
 
 The Ojai Valley (mean- 
 ing nest) contains 17,500 
 acres of land, over one half 
 rich valley land on which is 
 now growing 700 acres of 
 oranges, 100 acres of lemons, 
 600 acres of apricots, 250 
 acres of olives, 1000 acres of 
 almonds and 2500 acres of 
 grain. Ten per cent of the 
 
 RESIDENCE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 24S 
 
SOME RESIDENCES— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 fruit trees were planted in 1913, much of the foothill land is still used for 
 grazing purposes and 5000 head of cattle are pastured there. There are 
 ."iOOO colonies of bees in the valley. 
 
 All citrus fruits are irrigated, some from gravity system and some from pri- 
 vate pumping plants. The cost of irrigation under the gravity system is about 
 $8.00 per acre; from pumping plants about $10.00 per acre, per annum. 
 
 There is in the valley, tributary to Nordhofif, 10,000 acres of citrus fruit 
 land that could be irrigated at nominal cost from underground streams. 
 Water is found in wells ranging in depth from 175 to 250 feet with pump 
 lift of from 40 to 80 feet. 
 
 There is but little improved land for sale. The following figures will 
 have a general application to the three districts described above. 
 
 In oranges and lemons there are small offerings at from $1500 per acre 
 and up; apricots in bearing $500 per acre and up, and but little for sale. 
 Unimproved valley land in limited quantity can be had at from $200 per acre 
 and up. This land is subject to the water conditions above outlined. Hill 
 
 land may be purchased at a 
 much smaller figure. 
 
 The Mound district joins 
 Ventura on the east and is 
 served by a Mound water 
 plant, operated by the Ven- 
 tura Power Co. This district 
 contains 1200 acres of fine 
 valley land devoted to lima 
 beans and walnuts. 
 
 The water supply comes 
 from artesian wells in the 
 valley and is pumped into 
 
 RESIDENCE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 246 
 
RESIDENCE!— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 a reservoir 300 feet above, 
 flows to the lands by gravity 
 and costs the user from 25c 
 to 40c per miner's inch for 24 
 hours run. * 
 
 MONTALVO. 
 Montalvo, ;i small but 
 
 thriving village 7 miles 
 
 southeast of Ventura on the 
 
 line of the Southern Pacific 
 
 railroad, has good stores, 
 
 school, church and large 
 
 warehouse. Adjoining*; the 
 
 town on the west lies the Montalvo water district of 1000 acres devoted to 
 
 beans, beets and walnuts. It is served by the Montalvo Mutual Water Co. 
 
 pumping system at a cost ol 
 $3.00 per acre for beans and 
 beets and about $6.00 per an- 
 num for walnuts. There are 
 also vegetables, berries, al- 
 falfa and some grain grown 
 in the vicinity. 
 
 In the Mound and Mon- 
 talvo districts beet land may 
 be quoted at $400 per acre, 
 bean land $600 per acre and 
 walnut land unimproved 
 about the same with but Hi- 
 
 RESIDENCE— VENTURA COUNTY. "^ Offering. 
 
 SATICOY. 
 
 Saticoy, located east of Ventura 8 miles on the line of the Southern Pa- 
 cific railroad, is a rich farming section. The town has good stores, bank, 
 school, church, theater, fruit 
 packing house and large stor- 
 age warehouse. 
 
 There are about 1500 
 acres of fine land under the 
 Saticoy Mutual Water Sys- 
 tem devoted to beans, beets, 
 walnuts, apricots- and lem- 
 ons. There is quite an acre- 
 age devoted to vegetables 
 and berries. The cost of irri- 
 gation varies with season 
 
 ONE OF THE LIBRARIES— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 ~ i ' 
 
 247 
 
and crops. For beans and beets, $3.00 per acre per annum; walnuts and 
 apricots $6.00 per annum. 
 
 Conditions and land values here range about the same as elsewhere — 
 beet land $400; bean land $600; lemon orchards in bearing from $2000 per 
 acre and up. 
 
 OXNARD. 
 
 Oxnard is located on the coast line of the Southern Pacific railroad 10 
 miles southeast of Ventura at an elevation of 45 feet, with seasonal rainfall 
 of 15 inches. It is a substantial city of the 6th class with a population of 
 4000 people. It is modern in buildings, streets and business methods. There 
 are many fireproof business blocks, a city hall, public library, public halls, 
 Masonic Temple, Odd-Fellows building, Knights of Columbus hall and 
 many other fraternal organizations. There are hotels, theaters, banks and 
 8 churches, 2 newspapers and a Board of Trade. 
 
 There is a splendid high school, grammar school and St. Joseph school 
 all with a full corps of instructors, with a large number of pupils. The St. 
 Joseph church costing with the grounds $100,000. The St. Johns Hospital 
 was recently completed at a cost of $60,000 exclusive of grounds. 
 
 At Oxnard is located the largest sugar factory in Southern California 
 and one of the best equipped in the world. This factory employs 600 people 
 in season and in 1913 produced 928,809 bags of sugar (100 lbs. to a bag) in 
 a run of 100 days. 
 
 There is a large acreage of beets grown in the vicinity as well as beans, 
 alfalfa and other products. There are 2 dairies near the city milking 150 
 cows each and there are 2 creameries that handle the product of the smaller 
 ranchers. There are 15,000 head of cattle in the territory tributary to Ox- 
 nard and a limited number of bees and poultry farms. 
 
 Of the 100,000 acres of land tributary to Oxnard, 2000 acres are in wal- 
 nuts, 600 acres in apricots, 500 acres in lemons. Sugar beets, lima beans, 
 black eyes, alfalfa, vegetables, grain and pasturage make up the remainder. 
 
 Large tracts adjoining the city on the west have just been subdivided 
 and placed on the market. The soil here may be taken as an index to the 
 balance of the county. It varies, running through all the phases of sandy 
 loam, alluvial silt and adobe. 
 
 The land is adapted to the successful cultivation of beans, sugar beets, 
 alfalfa, vegetables, small fruits, walnuts and some portions of it will prove 
 good lemon land. 
 
 HUENEME. 
 
 Hueneme four miles south of Oxnard is the water shipping point for the 
 district and has the largest warehouse in the south. The beach is also 
 noted for bathing and fishing and is popular as a seaside resort. 
 
 Land can be bought at from $150 to $600 per acre, but little irrigation is 
 required and there is plenty of water and to spare in sight. 
 
 CAMARILLO. 
 Camarillo lies east of NordhofT on the Southern Pacific railroad in the 
 very heart of a beautiful valley and foothill region, devoted largely to beans. 
 
 248 
 
SOME VENTURA COUNTY SCHOOLS. 
 
0= 
 
 SOME CHURCHES— VENTURA COUNTY 
 
 beets, apricots, lemons and other 
 products The same water condi- 
 tion? prevail here as at Oxnard and 
 land values are the same. The Cit- 
 rus Farms Co., located near here, 
 has 1000 acres in lemons. 
 
 The Camarillo estate has 50 acres 
 of citrus fruit and 300 acres of wal- 
 nuts, but the big crop of the ranch 
 is beans and beets. Some alfalfa 
 and grain is grown and a number 
 of cattle are fattened in the hills. 
 
 The town has two churches, good schools, stores and warehouse. 
 
 SOMIS. 
 Somis, four miles east of Camarillo, is a village, with a store, postoffice 
 school and church. Grain, fruit, beans and beets are the principal products 
 grown in the vicinity. 
 
 MOORPARK. 
 
 Moorpark lies east of Ox- 
 nard some 25 miles, has a 
 number of stores, hotel, good 
 school and church. Here we 
 find large apricot orchards, 
 walnuts and lemons. There 
 is also considerable grain in 
 the vicinity. 
 
 The water conditions 
 are favorable and there 
 
 
 5i"""!'L.--lJ!lBLiil 
 
 ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 2.';n 
 
are 400 acres of unitnproverl fruit land here that can be had for $300 
 per acre. 
 
 SIMl. 
 Simi lies six miles, north of Moorpark and is a properous community 
 similar to Moorppark in production. 
 
 TERRE HAUTE. 
 Terra Haute district is near Simi with 500 acres of oranges and lemons, 
 250 acres of apricots and 500 acres of unimproved fruit land under favorable 
 water conditions that can be purchased at $300 per acre. 
 
 SANTA PAULA. 
 
 Santa Paula lies 16 miles northeast of Ventura on the Southern Pa- 
 cific railroad at an altitude of 285 feet and has an average seasonal rainfall 
 of 15 inches. 
 
 It is third in size of the cities of Ventura County with a population of 
 2500 and is termed "The Gem City". There are numerous fire-proof busi- 
 ness blocks and a weekly newspaper. The Dean Hobbs Blanchard 
 Memorial Library occupies a prominent corner. A Masonic Temple, Odd- 
 Fellows building and other secret and fraternal organizations occupy public 
 and private halls in convenient locations, A theater furnishes clean amuse- 
 ment and in a social way there is the Ebell Club with a large membership, 
 the Citizens Social Club and a number of other organizations. There are 
 hotels, numerous apartments, rooming houses and restaurants, and eight 
 handsome church buildings. 
 
 Its educational facilities consist of a high school building just completed 
 at a cost of $72,000 with a campus of 15 acres; and an intermediate depart- 
 ment occupying three buildings, the largest costing $20,000. 
 
 In the city is located a machine repair shop, cement pipe factory, 2 
 large fruit packing houses, dried fruit packing house, headquarters of the 
 Ventura County Dried Fruit Association, headquarters of the Union Oil Co., 
 with refinery producing all petroleum products, and a score of other indus- 
 tries, besides several warehouses. 
 
 Just outside the city limits is located a large walnut packing house that 
 handles the walnuts of the vicinity and just to the east of the city is a third 
 fruit packing house that does a large business. 
 
 PI ere is located the Limoneira ranch of 3000 acres, 650 acres in lemons 
 (only 350 acres in bearing) that sends to market each year 300 boxes per 
 acre. 
 
 There are also on the ranch 340 acres of walnuts producing 1500 pounds 
 of nuts per acre per annum, that sell for 15c per pound. There are 75 acres 
 of sugar beets and the remainder of the land is used for grain, hay and pasture. 
 
 A large fruit packing house covering a ground space 600 x 120 feet is re- 
 quired to handle the fruit crop and the company's payroll includes 325 people 
 the year round. 
 
 The water supply costs 20c per miner's inch for every 24 hours run. The 
 alfalfa on the ranch is irrigated from a different water supply at a cost of 
 
 2.S1 
 
PARKS— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
' •^""-SiriiimiiaTri r 
 
 SCHOOLS— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 FTLL.ArORE. 
 Fillmore is located 10 
 miles east of Santa Paula on 
 the Southern Pacific railroad 
 and is a thriving town of 
 1200 people with ample mer- 
 cantile facilities. A Cham- 
 ber of Commerce, banks, ce- 
 ment pipe factory and the 
 Sunset Plaster Mill, making 
 fine tiling from a large de- 
 posit of material near by. 
 
 $4 per acre per annum. 
 Beets and grain are grown 
 without irrigation. 
 
 To the west and north 
 stretching up into the foot- 
 hills, in Wheelers Canyon 
 there are hundreds of acres 
 of apricots, walnuts, vege- 
 tables and grain grown with- 
 out irrigation. 
 
 The Sespe Ranch lies 
 about 8 miles east of Santa 
 Paula and is a fine piece of 
 property. It has 700 acres 
 of lemons, 45 acres of wal- 
 nuts, 425 acres of lima beans, 250 acres of 
 grain and a large nursery. 
 
 There is an abundance of water sup- 
 plied to the land from a private pumping 
 plant on the property and record crops 
 are the rule. 
 
 Bordering the foothills on the north 
 between Santa Paula and the Sespe is a 
 large body of land peculiarly suited to 
 orange and lemon culture. The land is 
 mixed with cobble stones in places and 
 considerable expense is entailed in prepar- 
 ing portions of it for planting. The soil 
 is decomposed granite mixed with clay 
 and retains moisture well. 
 
 There are about 3000 acres of unim- 
 proved land in this belt that can be pur- 
 chased at from $150 to $250 per acre. 
 
 PUBLIC LIBRARY— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 253 
 
=]gl 
 
 COURT HOUSE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 The Filmore citrus fruit association has a large packing house and em- 
 ploys on an average 50 people the year round. They shipped in 1914, 300 
 cars of citrus fruit. There are four other packing houses in the vicinity. 
 
 There is tributary to Fillmore 1300 acres of walnuts and apricots, 3200 
 acres of oranges and lemons, 4000 acres of beans and hay. Vegetables and 
 berries are grown quite extensively and there are a number of poultry 
 farms and apiaries. 
 
 There are 5 churches in the town, a $40,000 high school building set in a 
 campus of ten acres, and a splendid grammar school building. Henley Camp 
 6 miles north of the town in the Sespe Canyon, from which the water for 
 
 STREET SCENE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 254 
 
A SUGAR FACTORY— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 irrigation is derived, is popular with sportsmen. Bardsdale district, 2 miles 
 south of Fillmore, is one vast fruit orchard, there being 500 acres of oranges 
 and 400 acres of lemons in the territory. 
 
 The water supply comes from Sespe Creek in gravity ditches and is fur- 
 nished at a cost of $12 per acre per annum. The other lands around Fill- 
 more are supplied with water by gravity system from the Santa Clara River 
 at about the same cost. 
 
 STREET SCENE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 (bt= 
 
 2SS 
 
THRESHING BEANS— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 Improved citrus fruit farms in this vicinity bring from $2000 per acre 
 and up. Unimproved lands with water may be had in limited quantity at 
 from $175 to $250 per acre. 
 
 WALNUT GROVE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 256 
 
SOME PUMPKINS— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 PIRU. 
 
 Piru, stil further east, is a thriving community with good schools, 
 churches and necessary business establishments. There are 450 acres of 
 apricots, 250 acres of oranges, 75 acres of lemons, 120 acres of walnuts, 200 
 acres of alfalfa and considerable grain. 
 
 Source of water supply is gravity water from Piru Creek and private 
 pumping plants from shal- 
 low wells. 
 
 There are about 1000 
 acres of unimproved land 
 available at a cost of $200 per 
 acre and up. 
 
 MINES AND MINERALS. 
 Chief among the minerals 
 found in Ventura County 
 may be mentioned gold, pe- 
 troleum, asphalt, borax, gyp- 
 sum, lime stone, sandstone, 
 clay and rubble. Gold has 
 been found in various places 
 
 SPINELESS CACTUS— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 2S7 
 
DRYING FRUIT— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 I 
 
 in the county, notably in the northeast portion. A large gypsum deposit 
 near Fillmore, mentioned elsewhere, is in constant operation, the product 
 going to the Sunset Plaster Mill at that place. There are extensive borax 
 deposits located about 60 miles north of the county seat at an elevation of 
 5556 feet. The group of claims containing 3000 acres, known as the Frasier 
 Mines were located in 1889 and operated off and on until 1907. During that 
 time 25,000 tons of the product was shipped to market. The Columbus 
 Mines were located in 1899. A working shaft has been sunk 400 feet from 
 which 9000 tons of product were shipped. The Russell Mines lie between 
 the other two, and were located in 1900. It contains 600 acres of ground. 
 This mine is equipped with all necessary machinery, buildings and other 
 adjuncts required to operate the property. The main shaft is down to the 
 250 foot level and a crosscut shows the vein to be 75 feet wide. 5000 tons 
 of the product have been shipped from this shaft. 
 
 Freight teams composed of from 10 to 16 horses haul the product from 
 the camp to Bakersfield, a distance of 60 miles, and from there it is shipped 
 by rail to San Francisco. On account of the long haul to a railroad, the 
 borax is hand sorted and graded at the mine. The product is classified as 
 Colemanite and averages 42j^ per cent boron trioxide for the first grade and 
 29 per cent second grade. 
 
 258 
 
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 AN OAT FIELD— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 HEALTH AND PLEASURE. 
 
 Vetnura has one of the finest bathing beaches on the coast, the accom- 
 modations being all that a city can offer in the way of hotels, apartments 
 and rooming houses. There is good surf fishing and boating. The Chau- 
 tauqua Society offers entertainment in their fine pavilion during the sum- 
 mer and there are various club houses open to visitors and a hearty Ventura 
 welcome to all. 
 
 Hueneme, 4 miles south of Oxnard, is a popular seaside resort with good 
 fishing, boating and bathing. There are hotel, cottage and tent accommo- 
 dations. 
 
 In the mountains east of Oxnard are many picturesque canyons acces- 
 sible over good mountain grades that offer good camping places. Trout 
 streams are plentiful and a day's sport with rod and reel should not be over- 
 looked. Henly Camp in the Sespe Canyon 6 miles north of Fillmore offers 
 good accommodations and a fine trout fishing stream. There is also game 
 such as dove, quail, rabbit, deer and perchance a wildcat or California lion. 
 
 Sulphur Mountain Springs, 6 miles north of Santa Paula, bids for patron- 
 age with good bathing facilities and small game in plenty in the nearby hills. 
 
 A great variety of attractions and good accommodations are offered the 
 health and pleasure seeker around Nordhoff. A good hotel with a group 
 of nine cottages clustering around it and walled in with the ever present 
 oak lies one mile east of Nordhoff and are known as the Calla Cottages. 
 
 y= 
 
 259 
 
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 A BEAN FIELD— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 Tired people seeking rest can here find privacy, quiet, comfort and sanitary 
 conditions. 
 
 The Piermon Cottages, 5 miles north of Norhoff, are located in a foot- 
 hill orange grove and offer splendid inducements to those seeking rest or 
 recreation, especially families on a summer vacation. 
 
 The Foothills Hotel, one mile west of Nordhoflf, at an elevation of 1050 
 feet above the sea with accommodations for 100 guests, is a winter tourist 
 hotel with inviting surroundings. 
 
 Los Nidos lies just below the golf links only ten minutes walk from the 
 village. The hotel has spacious sitting and dining rooms opening into a 
 large patio where meals are served and is surrounded with a roofgarden 
 commanding a grand view of mountain and valley. 
 
 ^ 
 
 A LEMON GROVE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 260 
 
LEMON GROVE— VENTURA COUNTY. 
 
 L 
 
 Matilija Hot Springs, located in the canyon of same name, only 5 miles 
 west of Nordhofif at an elevation of 955 feet, has a larger number of springs 
 and greater variety of waters than any other resort in the county. 
 
 There is a good hotel, cottages and tents with accommodations for about 
 2CX) people. There are store, postoffice, dancing pavilion, bowling alley, 
 billiard hall and many other artificial attractions to amuse guests that tire 
 of natures grandness. In the canyon streams trout abound and no finer 
 sport may be found anywhere. The fishing camp opens April the first, the 
 hotel season opens May the first and closes October the first. 
 
 Matilija is the gateway to the National Forest Reserve extending across 
 the county from Santa Barbara to Los Angeles and covering millions of 
 acres. This canyon bears a greater distinction than the gateway to this 
 vast domain. Once upon a time it was the headquarters of the warrior tribe 
 of Indians known as the Matilija and the scene of their last battle. Around 
 the springs are still to be seen many treasured relics of this extinct tribe, 
 and the legend of their annihilation is a most interesting one. 
 
 The Wheeler Springs, 3 miles north of Matilija, has a good hotel, cottages 
 and tents and all visitors are charmed with the scenery and splendid accom- 
 modations. The Lyons Springs is located 4 miles above Matilija in the same 
 canyon and has good accommodations. 
 
 The seeker after health, wealth, pleasure or romance will be intensely 
 interested in visiting this county and will find that a visit to this productive 
 and charming domain will return full value for time and money spent. 
 
 Further information concerning the various sections of the county may 
 be obtained by writing to any of the respective Boards of Trade or Cham- 
 bers of Commerce. 
 
 261 
 
 m 
 
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BUILDING AT SAN DIEGO EXPOSITION. 
 
BITS OF THE SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BUILDING. 
 
 Southern California Panama 
 Expositions Commission. 
 
 The Southern California Panama Expositions! Commissions is 
 an association composed of one member from each of the seven 
 counties which comprise what is generally known as Southern 
 California. 
 
 This association has had charge of Southern California's partici- 
 pation in the Panama-California Exposition at San Diego, and the 
 Panama-Pacific International Exposition at San Francisco. The 
 exhibits have been prepared, installed and are maintained by the 
 Commission, and this book has been issued with a view of giving 
 to the stranger, the investor and the homeseeker a clear view of the 
 conditions, the products, the possibilities and the opportunities of 
 Southern California. The statements and statistics herein con- 
 tained are given without embellishment and are absolutely authentic. 
 
 During the year 1915 the address of the Commission will be 
 Southern California Building, Exposition Grounds, San Diego, 
 California, U. S. A. 
 
 263 
 
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