S'iWiV,/ "vV'- CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UA426 .HbT" """"""" '■'""'^ ^™iim'iMfiS^ii,I?J.,.??.!?®7 * (formerly known olin 3 1924 030 725 208 Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924030725208 III,-- f-? 1 xi' n o' 3 O c o 3 o' 3 o o t3 CHAPTER V The Labor Riots of 1877 ON July 20, 1877, Sheriff Fife, of Pittsburgh, appealed to Governor Hartranft for troops to assist in quelling the labor riots in that city. The Governor being out of the state, Adjutant-General James W. Latta or- dered Major-General Pearson to take charge with the Sixth Division of the National Guard, which was from Pitts- burgh. So intense was the feeling and so much were these troops in sympathy with the mob that only two hundred and thirty men responded to General Pear- son's call. The Adjutant-General, hav- ing gotten in communication by tele- graph with Governor Hartranft in Wyo- ming, ordered out five more divisions of the Guard. The Philadelphia troops were in the First Division and under 8S THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A the command of General Brinton were the first to reach Pittsburgh, arriving at the Union Depot at two o'clock on Saturday afternoon, July 21st. As the majority of the Philadelphia commands had been given but a few hours' warning to assemble, the ranks of the various organizations were in disorder and in many cases greatly depleted, owing to difficulty in reaching the men. The Keystone Battery received orders at nine o'clock on Friday night to be ready to move at eleven o'clock that same night for Pittsburgh. Captain Poulterer being out of town, Lieutenants Win- chester and Ash gathered what men happened to be in Philadelphia and reported at the West Philadelphia Sta- tion at the time designated with eleven men. The Parrott guns belonging to the Battery were ordered left behind, and at Harrisburg two Gatling guns were attached to the train for the Battery's use, by virtue of the following telegram: 86 THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 Tyrone, Pa., 9.20 p. m., July 20, 77. General R. M. Brinton, Phila.: Sufficient heavy artillery in Pittsburgh. Mr. Kelly has been directed to turn over to you, for Keystone Battery, the two Gatling guns now at Harrisburg. Leave all their pieces at home. James W. Latta, Adjutant-General. As no one had had any previous expe- rience with this type of gun, it was necessary for the majority of the artil- lerymen to spend the night in the car with the guns, learning their action and operation. At Altoona coffee, bread and ham were served to the men in the cars, some six hundred and fifty in all, and during this meal the crowd in the station showed some disposition to tamper with the engines, but were checked by a prompt demonstration. On arrival at Pitts- 87 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A burgh similar rations were served and ammunition was issued. General Pear- son ordered the entire column to advance down the railroad track to Twenty- eighth Street, with the sheriff's posse in advance, followed by the First Bri- gade, then the Keystone Battery and Washington Greys dragging the Gatling guns, and the Second Brigade in the rear. Before reaching Twenty-eighth Street General Pearson ordered General Brinton to detach the Second Brigade to guard the station and to leave a reg- iment to guard the crossing near the outer depot, which left available for other service only about three hundred men, comprising the First Regiment, Weccacoe Legion, Washington Greys and the Keystone Battery. The order hav- ing been given to clear the tracks and crossings, the First Regiment pressed the mob back and the Gatlings were dragged between its ranks. General Brinton, in his report to the Adjutant- 88 THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 General, says: "The mob I estimated at no less than twenty-five thousand, and they now became very riotous. The sheriff's posse was powerless and the mob began to force its way between the ranks of the First Regiment, when I ordered the Weccacoe Legion and Washington Greys with arms port to push the mob back. This angered the crowd, and finding it impracticable to move them in this manner, I ordered the two companies named above to come to a 'charge bay- onets', when immediately we were as- sailed by a shower of stones from the streets and hillside, the crowd began to surge in front of and around us, and to attempt to wrench the pieces from the hands of the troops, while pistol shots were fired at us from different directions, wounding three of my men, and at the same time several were knocked down by stones. Being obliged to act in self- defense, some of the men fired a shot or two, which, before orders could be 89 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A given, was followed by a volley along the line, when the mob commenced to scatter in every direction. I at once endeavored to stop the firing, the mob having fled, leaving a large number of dead and wounded on the tracks and hillsi'de. Our own losses were fifteen men wounded by bullets and six with stones. "The behavior of the men was simply wonderful. They marched a mile through a mob which insulted them from the moment they started by yells, jeers, and foul epithets, with perfect coolness. Their only reply was, 'Get back, we must clear this way.' No actual use of their pieces was made by them, until it had become a question whether they or the mob should possess their muskets. Five per cent of my command fell from stones and bullets." For two hours and over the troops kept the tracks clear, awaiting the trains which the railroad company had prom- 90 THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 ised to send, and at last General Brinton was ordered to move his force into the outer depot and guard the offices, round- house, etc., during the night, as the mob had threatened to burn them. In the round-house proper the Weccacoe Legion and Washington Greys guarded the two main entrances, the Second Brigade the offices, and the Keystone and Hutch- inson's Battery the gates, with pieces loaded. Quoting again from General Bririton's report: "The mob began to assemble in front of the gates, and attempted to force their way in. They threw stones and fired pistol shots. My command now began to seriously feel the want of food; two cups of coffee and a couple of sandwiches being very short rations for men who had already undergone great fatigue and who, from the prospect before them, would be forced to undergo a sleepless night. But no murmur of dissatisfaction was heard; all were 91 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A prompt to respond to every order, and preserved an indomitable silence to the taunts of the mob, which gradually became bolder and bolder, and finally two of my sentries were wounded in the leg and arm, respectively, by shots fired by men who put their pistols through the bars of the gate and fired at the sentries at the distance of about ten feet. Sev- eral times I begged General Pearson to allow me to clear away the mob, but he persistently refused to allow a shot to be fired. The mob began to break in the windows of the offices * * * and began to use muskets as well as pistols. Every window in the offices and the inside shutters to the same, were broken, while the telegraph room became a particular object of their fire, which finally became so rapid that the last operator fled, and we were cut off from all outside communication. The mob now broke in the iron gates and feeling it was necessary to teach them 92 THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 a lesson, I ordered a few musket shots to be fired into them and then ran the Catlings down with the intention of opening with them, but the mob saw my action and dispersed before the Catlings were used." Sergeant Wilson, of the Jefferson Cav- alry, twice carried despatches between the round-house and Ceneral Latta, mixing with the rioters. He brought the information to the round-house that the gun stores had been broken into and that the mob was rapildy arming, and that they had captured two guns of Knapp's Battery and one of Hutchinson's and were preparing to storm the round- house. A strict watch was kept all night, and early on Sunday morning the mob was discovered bringing up a twelve pounder and training it on the building. A detachment of the Third Regiment was ordered to cover the crowd around the gun, and upon their refusal to disperse a volley was poured into them, killing 93 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A and wounding eleven. At intervals dur- ing the night efforts were made to fire the gun, but without success and with heavy loss to the rioters. Morning came, but no signs of rein- forcements or rations. The mob had fired buildings, cars, etc., on all sides of the round-house, and had run cars of burning spirits, grain, hay, etc., against the building. If the cars had not been derailed by the troops before they reached the round-house the rioters would have attained their end sooner than they did. Finally the building did catch fire, the water supply having been cut off by the rioters, the heat and smoke rendered the position untenable, and the troops moved out with the First Regiment in the lead, a skirmish line having been thrown in advance. The Keystone Battery with their Catlings was in the center of the column, and the Sixth Regiment brought up the rear. It was impossible to remove the "Napoleon" guns of 94 THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 Hutchinson's Battery from the round- house, as they could not be dragged by hand, and they were therefore spiked before being abandoned. After proceeding two or three squares, the mob gained courage again, and first fired straggling pistol shots and muskets at the rear of the column. The troops occasionally fired in return, but as seldom as possible in order to avoid injuring the great number of women and children that were among the crowd. During the course of a mile several of the troops were killed and many wounded; on nearing the U. S. Arsenal, the Gatling guns were halted and suddenly uncovered, the mob fleeing after a few shots. Dur- ing this march the troops were fired upon by policemen in uniform from the steps of a station house, which to some extent indicates the lawlessness of the mob. At last the column reached the U. S. Arsenal, only to be refused admittance by Major Buifington, who commanded 95 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A there. He consented to receive the wounded men, however, but when Dr. Mears, surgeon-in-chief of the First Di- vision, attempted to enter and render aid to the wounded he was refused admittance, and the wounded received no medical attendance for over two hours. In the opinion of Dr. Mears this delay was responsible for the death of Lieutenant J. Dorsey Ash, of the Key- stone Battery, who died on the operating table, having received a pistol bullet through the upper part of his leg. During this march from the round- house to the Arsenal, the wounded and dead, as far as possible, were thrown like bags of grain on the limbers of the Catlings and conveyed with the column. Several of the dead were overlooked and abandoned; one eye-witness describes the wounding of a member of the First Regiment, who was clubbed ' to death before he could rise, after being hit by a bullet. 96 THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 On nearing Sharpsburg several gentle- men offered to feed General Brinton's command and the column crossed the Sharpsburg bridge and took up its posi- tion at Claremont, near the Allegheny- County Home, when the citizens served the troops with bread and coffee, the first food they had tasted for twenty- seven hours. Camp was made on the hill, the men sleeping without either tents or blankets. On the following day, by General Latta's orders, the entire command en- trained for Altoona, but on receipt of a telegram from Governor Hartranft de- trained and encamped at Blairsville Junc- tion. On July 27, General Brinton received orders to organize a corps of men to protect the troop train. A Gat- ling gun was placed on a flat car in front of the engine and another on a similar car at the rear of the train, and both cars manned by members of the Key- stone Battery and Washington Greys, 97 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A together with a few sharpshooters. On the morning of the 28th the troop train proceeded in this way to Pittsburgh and camped on the West Pennsylvania Hos- pital grounds, some twelve hundred strong. Later about eight hundred addi- tional troops joined the command. On August 1st General Brinton was ordered to move toward Scranton with his com- mand, and at Danville a Gatling was again loaded into a flat car in front of the engine, and the Keystone Battery and Weccacoe Legion took charge of it. The train proceeded in this manner until near Nanticoke, when two com- panies of infantry were detailed to act as skirmishes, in front of the train in con- sequence of information received, and a construction gang followed them closely. In this way the track was repaired in many places, thus avoiding several bad accidents. The progress of the train was necessarily slow, as obstructions were placed on the tracks, telegraph wires cut, 98 THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 and everything done to prevent the trains from running. On a hill near Nanticoke six companies of the Twentieth Regiment surprised a large mob who were preparing to shower rocks from a high bluff and crush the train, and cap- tured over seventy prisoners. On August 2d the train reached Scranton, where the Keystone Battery were quartered near the station. The troops remained at Scranton until August 4th, when the column entrained and reached Philadel- phia on the 5th. The troops were marched past General Hancock and re- viewed by him from the St. George Hotel, and then dismissed. How well the Keystone Battery per- formed their duty may be gathered from the various orders and reports issued or made during the period of the riots. In Special Orders No. 36 Governor Hartranft says: "To the companions and relatives of Lieutenant J. Dorsey Ash, of the Keystone Battery, and the 99 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A enlisted men who were killed in the affray, the Commander-in-Chief ex- tends his condolence and sympathy." General Brinton, in his report to the Adjutant-General, said: "Of the Key- stone Battery nothing can be said except in praise, and their conduct during the entire campaign entitles them by every consideration to the possession of the Gat- ling guns, which they baptized with the blood of their bravest and best." Con- tinuing his report. General Brinton says : "Soldiers of the regular army, who are inured to camp life and to endure priva- tion, would never have been called to go into service without blankets, overcoats or any shelter whatever, nor be com- pelled to be on the bare ground, with nothing to protect them from the damp- ness of the ground beneath or the rain above; ordered to carry so many days of cooked rations with no haversacks to put them in; compelled to march through heat and dust with no canteens and I GO THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 87/ nothing to carry a drop of water in. Rations when issued were at first of little use, as no means had been pro- vided for cooking them, and we had absolutely no camp equipage of any kind. Their uniforms (which the men had to buy themselves) and their mus- kets composed the outfits of our National Guardsmen, when they left business, homes and families to face death and exposure in order to protect millions of property and maintain the laws of our Commonwealth. These men were sub- jected to harder campaigning and greater exposure than our regular army endure." Quoting from General Orders No. lo, issued by Headquarters First Brigade, August 6, 1877: "The efficient services of the Keystone Battery, under the leadership of Lieutenants Winchester and the lamented Ash, together with the support of the Battery by the Washing- ton Greys under Lieutenant Zane, is worthy of the most honorable mention." lOI THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A The casualties of the Battery during the riots were Lieutenant Ash killed, Sergeant Ensign wounded, and Private Wright's death from exposure after his return. Report made to General R. M. Brin- ton. Commanding First Division, N. G. P., relative to the service Battery "A" during the Pittsburgh riots, July and August, 1877, by Lieutenant Winchester, who was in command of the battery, Captain Poulterer having been out of town when order arrived to proceed to Pittsburgh. Headquarters Keystone Battery, 1st Division, N. G. P. 629 N. Broad St. Philadelphia, August 6, 1877. Gen. R. M. Brinton, Commdg. 1st Div., N. G. P. General, After receiving your orders on Friday evening, July 20, 1877, I returned to the Armory and issued orders to as many men as we could reach in the short time we had to 102 THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 prepare. It was half past 11 o'clock when 1 reached the Armory and we were ordered to report at the West Philadelphia Depot at half past I o'clock. At about that hour I reported, with two officers and thirteen men. Leaving the depot between 2 and 3 o'clock we proceeded to Harrisburg and from there to Altoona, where we were transferred to a baggage car in which we found the Gatling guns and ammunition. Our time during the balance of the trip to Pittsburgh was occupied in making ourselves familiar with the guns and in preparing the ammunition for service. We arrived in Pittsburgh about half past 2 o'clock on Saturday afternoon, July 21 and immediately disembarked our guns. After resting and receiving some refresh- ments, together with the balance of the Divi- sion, we proceeded out the railroad to the 28th Street crossing, where we found the mob en masse. The guns were placed in position on the railroad commanding 28th Street and the railroad and road leading up the hill to the right. While here a shower of stones was received from the mob and Sergeant Legran Ensign of the Battery, was badly cut on the head and had his wrist broken. He was im- 103 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A mediately sent to the rear and returned home soon after. from this position, about sundown, we retired to the enclosure formed by the shops and round-house of the railroad company. Here the two guns of the Battery were posted to command the two entrances, and remained so during the night, loaded and manned ready for action. On Sunday morning when the Division retired from its position, the Battery was posted between the 1st and 2d Brigades, and marched in this position until within a short distance of the U. S. Arsenal, when the mob pressing too closely on the rear of the 2d Brigade, the Battery was halted, and after the Brigade had passed opened fire on the pursuers, and with such effect that in a few minutes the street was clear. The Battery ceased to fire and was just proceeding on its march, when Lieut. J. D. Ash, who was pushing on one of the limbers, received a severe wound in the left leg above the knee. We placed him upon the chest of the limber and proceeded to the Arsenal, where we left him in charge of the attendant, who promised to take the best care of him, and have his wound dressed at once. Believing that we 104 THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 had left him in a perfectly safe place, we proceeded on the march and in the afternoon halted at Ross' Grove near the Allegheny Poor House. Here we received the first rations, except a couple of sandwiches, since leaving Philadelphia on Friday night. From the time of our arrival at Pittsburgh, we received hearty assistance in moving our guns, from Washington Greys, Lieut. Zane commanding, and during the march over the mountain on Sunday every organization in the Division was at some time represented among our helpers. On Monday morning, after receiving rations at the Poor House, we proceeded by the rail- road from Claremont Station, with the rest of the Division, to Blairsville Intersection, where we went into camp. Here we received an additional member. Here also, on Tues- day the 24th, we were shocked by the news of the death of Lieut. Ash. On the 25th we received tools necessary for the repair and proper care of the Gatling guns, also gum blankets for the men. On the 26th we received some undercloth- ing for the men. About 11 o'clock on the morning of the 27th we received orders to move and immediately packed up and with los THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A the assistance of the Black Hussars, Capt. Kleintz commanding, moved to the railroad station; here the two sections of the Battery- were divided, one being placed on a gondola and put in front of the engine drawing the train, and the other in a like car in rear of the train. Our support at this time was the State Fencibles, Capt. John W. Ryan commanding. The making up of the train occupying some time, it was evening before a start was made. In the meantime a train had arrived from Altoona, and among the others came Capt. S. B. Poulterer and twenty-six men of the Battery, making a welcome addition to our small number. Arrived in Pittsburgh on the morning of the 28th, and about 8 o'clock removed our guns from the cars and went into camp on the grounds of the West Pennsylvania Hos- pital. Received this day (28th) six additional members, and on the 29th one more. On the 31st received another member. This day we also received orders to prepare to move at once, and at Retreat the Battery was in marching order. About 2 o'clock on the morning of August 1st orders were received to proceed to the 28th Street crossing and place our guns on 106 THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 the cars, which was done. About 5 o'clock the train started and proceeded to Harris- burg, where after some delay we started off again on the Northern Central Railway and proceeded to Northumberland, from there to Danville where the two sections of the Bat- tery were again separated, one section being placed as before on an open car or gondola in front of the train while the other section remained in the baggage car. At this time the first section was supported by the Wec- cacoe Legion, Capt. Denny commanding, and the other section by the Washington Greys, Lieut. Zane commanding. In this manner we proceeded to Scranton, where we arrived about 8 o'clock on the morning of the 2d. Quartered in a portion of the Lackawanna Valley Hotel, here another member reported for duty. Remained in Scranton until Saturday the 4th, on which day we received orders to again take the cars, which we did about 6 o'clock. Arrived at the depot in Philadelphia about 8 o'clock on Sunday morning the 5th, and after a short parade were dismissed. 107 the history of battery a Report of Captain S. B. Poulterer to General R. M. Brinton, Commanding First Division, N. G. P., after Pitts- burgh Riot. Being out of town when the orders were issued to my command, the first intimation I had was from the papers on my return to the city on Saturday morning, July 21, 1877. I repaired at once to the Armory, equipped myself and proceeded to the depot in West Philadelphia to take the first train to join my command. I was just too late for the 9 o'clock train and therefore took the Express train at 1 1 .45 o'clock together with about fifty others of various commands. We reached Tyrone without trouble, but there the conductor received orders to detach our car and leave it to be attached to the next military train. When that train arrived we proceeded as far as Altoona, and I was present and took part in the operations of the military on Sunday, July 22. Finding it impossible to reach my command already in the field, I returned to Philadelpia and collected together those who were there 108 THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 and on Thursday, July 26, again started with 22 members of the Battery. At Altoona I found 4 more, and on Friday evening, July 27, with these 26 men I joined ray com- mand at Blairsville Intersection. From there, on the open cars as explained by Lieut. Winchester, we proceeded to Pitts- burgh where we arrived on Saturday morning, July 28, about 8 o'clock, and took position on the grounds of the West Pennsylvania Hospital. Here later in the day we received six addi- tional members, and on the 31st one more. On the 31st (Tuesday) we received orders to prepare to move at once, and at Retreat that evening the Battery was in marching order. Early on the morning of the ist of August (Wednesday), about 2 o'clock, orders were received to proceed to the 28th Street crossing, which we did and there embarked on the cars. About 5 o'clock the train started and proceeded to Harrisburg, and from there to Northumberland, thence to Danville, where the Battery was divided, one gun being placed on a gondola in front of the engine and the other remaining in the box car at the rear of the train. The first section, in front of the train, under 109 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A command of Lieut. Winchester, was supported by the Weccacoe Legion, Capt. Denney com- manding, and the other, under myself, was supported by the Washington Grays, Lieut. Zane commanding. In this manner we proceeded to Scranton where we arrived about 8 o'clock a. m. on Thursday, August 2d. Here we were quar- tered in a portion of Lackawanna Valley Hotel, and here also one additional member reported for duty. On Saturday, August 4, about 5 o'clock we received orders to place our guns on the cars once more, which we did, and later in the evening, together with the rest of the Divi- sion, we started from Scranton and on Sunday morning, August 5, arrived in Philadelphia about half past 8 o'clock, and after marching over a short route were dismissed to our Armory. ROLL OF MEMBERS In Seroice During the Pittsburgh Riots, in July and August in the Year 1877. Capt. S. B. Poulterer 1st Sergt. M. A. Bradfield* Lieut. J. O. Winchester* Q. M. Sergt. M. C. Stafford 2d Lieut. J. D. Ash* Sergt. J. A. Ford* *Left with command July 20th. no THE LABOR RIOTS OF 1 877 Sergt. Robt. Wolfington* Sergt. H. LeGran Ensign" Sergt. P. L. Marshall Corp. C. W. Marshall* Corp. Isaac Lefevre Corp. Frank H. Binder Corp. Frank Snowdon Corp. C. C. Ridd* Guidon H. W. Hancock Bugler Charles Kline Privates. Jos. Archer Powell James C. Biggs Perry W. H. Biggs Peiper* Clem Clay* D. A. Reese J. H. Cards Edw. Richards Duff E. L. Stafford! Dunn Jno. SheUem Ditman Wm. SheUem* Evans* A. H. Stille H. Ford Senyard Harper t Edwin Trout Huston* Porter Thompson Hollick Waterman McCormick* Archibald Woodside* Mallock H. F. Wright § Orr T. M. Yagle * Left with command July 20th. t Joined the command July 23d. {Joined command July 31st. § Joined August 2d. Ill CHAPTER VI The Spanish-American War THE succeeding era of importance in the history of Battery A was that arising during the war with Spain in 1898. This chiefly took place in Cuba and the Philippine Islands, the island of Porto Rico, to which the Battery was sent, being involved to a minor degree. The following "Diary of an Enlisted Man" and "Reminiscences" give in sufficient detail the movements of the Battery in connection with this event. But as told without background, they fail to indicate fully the character of the events calling them forth, it is deemed advisable to present here a synopsis of this brief conflict, as we have previously done in the case of the Civil War service. The Battery was prompt in enlisting for the war and was sent to Newport News, 112 o o •-1 3 1 o B' w O a a. en O C o 3 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Va., where it remained until August, when it was despatched to Porto Rico as stated in the following narratives. As most readers are familiar with the cause and history of this war, these need to be given here only with great brevity. The original cause of the conflict was the oppression of the Cubans by the Span- ish as a result of an insurrection which broke out several years before 1898. The efforts of Spain to suppress this outbreak of Cuban patriots was attended with a cruelty that aroused great sym- pathy and indignation in the United States. The country people, on the plea that they were supplying the rebels with food and shelter, were driven from their farms to the towns, their houses burned and their crops rooted up. They were threatened with death if they attempted to escape and were left to starve, very little provision of food being made for them. As a result more than two hundred 113 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A thousand of these unfortunates (mostly women, old men and children) died of starvation and sickness from privation before the beginning of 1898, although much food was sent them by charitable persons In the United States. The indignation in this country at the cruel policy of General Weyler grew intense as time went on, a strong sentiment in favor of war arising. Warlike prepara- tions were made by both the United States and Spain, and in February of 1898 an event occurred that turned the tide of feeling irresistibly in the direc- tion of war. In that month the battleship Maine was sent to the harbor of Havana, as a measure of protection for the Americans in that city. She lay there until the night of February 15, when an explo- sion took place beneath her which tore her bottom asunder and sank her with most of her crew, the loss being two hun- dred and sixty-six officers and men. 114 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR This dreadful occurrence made war inev- itable, especially in view of the fact that a commission of inquiry decided that the disaster was due to an explosion from outside and was therefore the result of Spanish malevolence. War was declared on April 25, the first hostile event taking place at Manila, in the Spanish Philippine Islands, on May I, Commodore Dewey attacking and destroying the Spanish fleet in the harbor and blockading the city. The ports of Cuba were blockaded by the Atlantic fleet, and a squadron of Spanish cruisers who had entered the harbor of Santiago was held captive there by a large fleet of American warships. A considerable force of volunteers was called out, among those that were quick to respond to the call being Battery A. On June 14 a force of 15,000 men, under Major-General Shafter, sailed from Tampa, Florida, and a few days later landed in southeastern Cuba, near the IIS THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A city of Santiago. This for a short time became an active seat of war. Battles took place on the road to Santiago and on the hills adjoining that city, the Americans being victorious in every en- gagement. On July 3d, the Spanish fleet attempted to escape from the har- bor, but the fleeing ships were hotly pursued and were driven ashore, with considerable loss, while only one Ameri- can was killed. The city was now invested. It had been strongly intrenched, but food was scarce and escape impossible and after a week or two of debate the city was surrendered and the war closed so far as Cuba was concerned. Shortly after this event the island of Porto Rico was invaded by a strong force under Major- General Miles, and soon a large part of it was under American control. The Spaniards made some defensive move- ments, but before hostilities could begin news was received that a protocol, or ~ 116 ~ THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR preliminary treaty of peace, had been signed, and hostile operations immedi- ately ceased. Battery A had left its camp on August 5 and landed in Porto Rico on the iSth, too late, as it proved, to take part in the expected hostilities, as the protocol had been signed three days before. Thus once again fate stood in the way of the ardent young soldiers who hoped to make a war record for the Battery. They remained in Porto Rico until September 3, having various experiences as detailed in the following records, and reached New York harbor on the loth, returning to Phila- delphia on the same day. DIARY OF AN ENLISTED MAN 1898 Thursday, March ly. Went to see Battery A drill at the Aldine stables. I am thinking of joining. 117 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Thursday, March 24. Joe Knight having proposed me I went with him to see Barclay Warbur- ton about joining Battery A. To-mor- row I go up for physical examination. Friday, March 25. At noon I went to Dr. Archie Thomp- son and got examined. Passed all right and took papers to Warburton. Sunday, March 27. Went to League Island to-day. The warships "Columbia," "Minneapolis," ram "Katahdin" and one or two old monitors were there. Friday, April i. Got my uniform for Battery A and drilled for the first time with the rest at the Aldine stables. Went through some cavalry drills for about an hour and a quarter. In future, drills will be held at the Armory in West Philadelphia. 118 Captain Barclay H. ^\'arbLlnon THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR The uniform is a tight-fitting coat, with blue flannel shirt and light blue trousers. Monday, April 4. Still looks somewhat like war with Spain. First night of foot drill at Arm- ory. We went through the rudiments of marching, etc. There are four sec- tions to the Battery. Tuesday, April 5. Again at drill in evening, same drill as the first night with some additional exercises. Monday, April 11. Drill this evening. We were given belts and Colt 45 calibre revolvers and taught firing and aiming, also regular drill. Tuesday, April 12. Did not drill to-night. Thursday, April 14. In evening went out to an extra drill at the Armory. 119 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Saturday, April i6. Received telegram to report at Arm- ory Sunday to supper by officers and to drill. We had speeches and songs at supper, and afterwards a good drill and night guard duty. Monday, April i8. To-night is inspection night, inspec- tion conducted by Col. Morrell and Major Sweeney. Drill came off pretty well. I got put on guard, and Sweeney asked me my general orders. Lots of specta- tors there. Tuesday, April ig. The House and Senate to-day passed a bill recognizing Cuba as a republic. Thursday, April 21. Got preliminary orders to be ready to be called out with Battery A at a mo- ment's notice. Things look serious. Dip- lomatic negotiations with Spain have ceased and Minister Woodford was given 120 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR his passports at Madrid before he could deHver our ultimatum. Saturday, April 23. The rumor is that the gunboat Nash- ville fired the first gun of the war by capturing a Spanish merchantman to- day. Sunday, April 24. Straightened out matters and am ready to leave. In afternoon went out to Armory and found we would get our orders to-morrow to leave for Mt. Gretna, Penna. Monday, April 25. All ready to leave. We had gun drill in evening, and got orders to report at 6 A. M. on Wednesday next, ready to leave. Tuesday, April 26. In afternoon we shipped the guns and loaded the cars with our goods at 3 2d and Market Streets. 121 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Wednesday, April 2y. Reported at Armory at 6 p. m. We loaded the train and left at 8.30 with the whole battery and 58 horses. Reached Mt. Gretna at 12.30, and we found we were first on the grounds. We unshipped guns and unloaded cars, and laid out camp before evening. Night very cold. Thursday, April 28. Up at 5 A. M. Had setting up exer- cises. Began snowing very hard, but turned to rain at midday. When not detailed to do anything we stood around camp fire. The Sheridan Troop, Gov- ernor's Troop, City Troop and the three batteries and some infantry arrived. Friday, April 2g. I had guard duty last night and as it rained at intervals I was pretty wet. We had gun drill in afternoon and had a bad time breaking in new horses. 122 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Saturday, April 50. We all have our regular duties of water- ing, feeding, and cleaning horses, polic- ing camp besides more or less regular drills and detail work. We have three blankets and a rubber blanket and these together with our clothes are none too much at night. Sunday, May i. A fine day. Dewey attained a great naval victory to-day. Monday, May 2. We have to haul all water for washing and drinking from a lake about a third of a mile away. Ground is rough, hilly and wooded except where the camp is. The exercise and outing is fine though hard work, but a nice change from the office. Guard duty again to-night. Tuesday, May 5. Had several visitors from Philadel- phia to-day. 123 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Wednesday, May 4. To-day we were mustered up and asked our intentions regarding joining the volunteer army. Only nine declined to join, and most of them changed their minds later. Thursday, May 5. Have been feeling well all the time while in camp. The days are very hot and sunny, but generally quite cold by early morning. Friday, May 6. To-day we were sworn into the U. S. Volunteer Army as Battery A, N. G. P. We are the first to enlist. Saturday, May 7. We are under orders to move. We recruited up to 82 men, all bully fellows from Philadelphia, and shipped back our horses. Sunday, May 8. A terrible storm of rain to-day. 124 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Monday, May g. Foot drill to-day. Was on guard to-day and to-night. Hell! Tuesday, May lo. We got orders to break camp imme- diately. We did so and shipped off everything and were ready to leave at about 11.30. Left at 3.30 on same train with Battery C. We had been on board and the captain of was very drunk. Wednesday, May 11. We came via Columbia, Baltimore and Washington to Newport News, arriving at 6 A. M. Went to hotel and got the best wash and breakfast I have had for two weeks. Then we pitched camp above the shipyard, facing the James River, which is about seven miles broad here. Thursday, May 12. We are right near the water and about fifty feet above it on level ground. Bat- 125 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A tery C is camped above us. We are getting sunburnt here. The cooking is good. Friday, May ij. Took a swim in front of camp. The beach is long and shelving and one can walk out a great ways. River brackish and wide here. Saturday, May 14. Received a box of good things from home. Sunday, May IS- At lunch time a thunder squall came up and blew down the mess-tent. We got drenched. Later I went to Old Point Comfort. Monday, May 16. Our principal duty is to guard the shipyard here, as some battleships are building. Every other day we alternate with Battery C so that each platoon gets on duty every four days. Each 126 Batter}- Camp at Newport News ^. iW ^ ■■■■ :;m '. ■- ^ ,''* , Battery Camp in Porto Rico THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR man gets two hours on and four hours off for twenty-four hours. The patrol makes the round of the yards every two hours, and it takes a good hour to go around. Wednesday, May i8. I was on camp guard to-day. A redistribution of men was made to-day, and I was transferred to the first section. Thursday, May ig. We have regular dismounted drills, both with and without guns. Saturday, May 21. In evening went with a crowd of fel- lows to Bartram's Theatre, the only one in town and very tough. Back to camp at 1.30. Sunday, May 22. On guard at the end of dry dock pier. The gunboat "Dixie" left the wharf to- day. In the evening caught twenty weakfish by lantern light. Got four hours' sleep. 127 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Monday, May 2j. Made color sketch of beach to-day. Thursday, May 24.. During the night one of C's men shot by accident one of their own guard, who had been guarding some drunken men. Wednesday, May 25. Went on a detail with Trumpeter Clark, Brockie, Rand and Overfield to cut stakes in the woods, and got some beer before coming back. Lots of fel- lows sick in camp, suffering from stom- ach trouble. Thursday, May 26. On guard in front of camp. The Pres- ident to-day called for 75,000 more volunteers. It rained nearly all night. Friday, May 27. Mrs. John Wanamaker sent every man in the Battery a housewife and a New Testament. 128 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Saturday, May 28. In the morning we turned out and made a wagon road from the street through the camp. Very hot. Sunday, May sg. We had to take our tents down and move the floors out to dry the ground. In afternoon took a sail with Logan and Morgan in a Chesapeake Bay canoe with a couple of piccaninnies. Sang all evening. Monday, May 30. On guard at the dry dock wharf. Nothing of interest occurred, a steamer was unloading nearby in preparation for docking. Rained during the night. Tuesday, May ji. We were not relieved until 10 a. m., and then signed the pay rolls. After that the Battery was inspected by an officer of the post. We had a long drill in the afternoon and in the evening a 129 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A smoker given by the officers, at which there were stunts by different members. Taps at 10.30. Wednesday, June i. Made a sketch before drill. Thursday, June 2. In afternoon we had a long foot drill, we marched through the town, and put up the best drill we have had so far. Friday, June j. On guard at front of camp. Got off at 5, went over to Old Point, had dinner at Chamberlin and back to camp at 12. Saturday, June 4. Went over to Old Point. Sunday, June 5. Went with Joe to Old Point and went to church in fort. In afternoon went to Soldiers' Home. 130 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Monday, June 6. Usual drill in morning. In afternoon we had a couple of hours' foot drill across country. In evening we did a lot of stunts, races, etc. Tuesday, June y. On guard at yard gate for I2th time. The auxiliary cruiser "Yale" (formerly the "Paris") is in the yard loading guns. Her men had shore leave. All night and next morning we had to check off these men, who were mostly drunk. Wednesday, June 8. In afternoon the Battery had a skir- mish foot drill. The second platoon took a position at a railroad crossing 3^ miles from here, and the first and second section divided and tried to capture them. We made a long detour, first sending out scouts. Had several long chases across fields with the other side, but could not connect with second section. 131 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A The result was called a draw. Was captain's guard from 2 to 4 a. m. Thursday, June g. In the afternoon the first and second sections dug some gun pits of the French and English type. Terribly hot and sweaty work. Friday, June 10. Bodine and I went to town to get refreshed on ice cream and sodas. The heat is getting unbearable; when it is hot enough we dig ditches or move our tent floors. Saturday, June 11. On guard at camp. I had patrol duty and nabbed a couple of men from the "Yale" who tried to climb the yard fence. 100° in the shade. Sunday, June 12. Off all day with Addams, Cardeza and Reichner. We took lunch with us and went up the beach about three miles. 132 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Swam and then ate at a farm. On way back a rain squall came up and soaked us. We saw lots of picturesque darky scenes. Back 7.30. Monday, June Jj. Terribly hot again. Refilled my straw mattress and then soaked at the hydrant for an hour. This was a happy moment. Tuesday, June 14. We received our first pay since enlist- ment, $13.00 in all, of which we gave $6.00 to the mess. Governor Hastings of Pennsylvania came here to pay his re- spects to us and shook hands with every man. Two more guns arrived and we brought them up from the ship yard. Wednesday, June 75. On guard at dry dock pier. U. S. S. "Howard" was coaling and mounting guns. Was very wet all night long. Swam against orders with Albert Rosen- garten. 133 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Thursday, June i6. From now on we rise at 5 a. m. and drill before mess at 7. Beer night to- night. Friday, June 77. First real rainy day in camp. No drill. Dozed away until awakened by some queer noise. It proved to be twenty-five recruits standing in line in front of tents, dressed in brown working clothes, and standing in the rain. All heads popped out of the tents to see them. At night we tossed one of the fresh men. Saturday, June 18. Early gun drill. In meantime thirty more recruits came down from Philadel- phia. Lots more rain. Whole Battery drilled in afternoon. Sunday, June ig. Ten more recruits, also hard rain for a while. I was on guard in front of 134 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR camp during it all. Recruits were drilled in afternoon under new acting corporals and sergeants. Monday, June 20. We had a six-gun battery drill on foot to-day. Tuesday, June 21. Was detailed with Russel to clerk's work; making out discharges and inden- tity cards. Wednesday, June 22. Downtown in afternoon. Ordered some wood to make a wardrobe in tent. Thursday, June 23. On guard at shipyard dock. Nothing of unusual interest happened. The "Howard" is lying out in the stream. We generally come back to camp for meals. Friday, June 24. Five more recruits arrived and it did not rain! Have now four men in the 13s THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A tent. Downtown in morning. In after- noon had a field-gun drill. Saturday, June 25. After reveille at 5 a. m. we have setting up exercises, then coffee, then two hours' drill. Sunday, June 26. Sailed all day. Got a boat from a darky and took eatables with us. In the morning the "Howard" sailed with troops for Santiago amid cheers. Had several swims to-day. Wednesday, June 2g. On guard at shipyard gate to-day. A workman killed in the yard. The ram "Katahdin" anchored off the yard. Thursday, June jo. A detail was sent over to the fort at Old Point to bring back 75 horses for us. We cleared a lot in the shipyard alongside of our camp and put up a picket line, and horses reached camp 136 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR about 6 p. M. Most of them look good, having been brought from Fort Myer, Va. Friday, July i. Now we have horses to feed and water, one section is assigned to this work daily. Ellis, one of the recruits, was kicked in the stomach by a horse. Saturday, July 2. Shower baths were put up, some fel- lows spend all their spare time in them. In afternoon exercised the horses bare- back. Sunday, July 5. Went to Old Point. Dined at Cham- berlin and swam with some of our fel- lows. Ellis was brought to the Red Cross Hospital here, but died shortly after. Despatches from Santiago seem discouraging, saying that Shafter's army is in a tight place. 137 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Monday, July 4. Despatches say that Cervera's fleet has been destroyed and that our fleet is in Santiago harbor and our army in the streets of Santiago. No drill to-day. Battery C had a blank cartridge gun drill. Tuesday, July 5. On guard in front of camp. In after- noon the Battery went by train to Old Point Comfort and escorted Ellis' body to church, and after the services to the boat in a pouring rain. We had a full band ahead of the casket playing Chopin's march. We then got coffee at the Cham- berlin, and then returned by train to camp. More guard duty. Rations served. Wednesday, July 6. Out on guard for a couple of hours in a terrible rain storm. Santiago not yet taken, Shafter is waiting. Out exercis- ing horses; went two or three miles and back; it rained hard on way home. ^38 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Thursday, July y. Standing gun drill. Horses paired off in afternoon. News of the sinking of "La Burgoyne" received. Downtown in evening. Friday, July 8. Our tent got busy after breakfast and washed a lot of clothes with horse brushes and soap. Then we stripped and washed what we had on. Did not drill, being on sick list. Shower in evening. Saturday, July g. Oatmeal, eggs and bacon, coffee and bread. Gun drill. Cold sausage, cold slaw, ice cream and jam. Sunday, July lo. The most enjoyable day in camp so far. Sailed about ten miles up across the river and landed, cooked lunch, rested a couple of hours, sailed all after- noon, landed at a farm house, ate supper, and sailed until lo p. m. 139 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Monday, July ii. On guard at gate. The U. S. S. "Jus- tin," just in from Santiago, was dry- docked here. Two of their sailors caught climbing the fence. Tuesday, July 12. The U. S. S. "Gloucester" is anchored off the shipyard, just in from Santiago. Wednesday, July ij. Many sick and wounded are at Old Point having been brought up from Santiago. Thursday, July 14. On guard at camp. U. S. S. "Resolute" in from Santiago. Got off at seven to go to a german at the Chamberlin. We got in a row with an Austrian and two Englishmen. Friday, July 75. On guard from 4.30 to 6.30 a. m. Yesterday was pay day; I got ^15.60. Took Duncan's place on guard at gate 140 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR from 7. to 12 P. M. Talked with a gunner's mate from the "Resolute" who had seen the fighting off Santiago. Saturday, July 16. Went to Buckroe Beach and there had a bully swim and took supper at the hotel. Sunday, July ly. On stable guard for twenty-four hours; we sleep there also, three men being on the guard and relieving each other. Duties are to take care of the horses and help feed and water them. Monday, July 18. Talked with a fellow who had been in the fighting before Santiago. He has eight bullets wounds, none of them serious. Tuesday, July ig. Went in evening to Hampton and called. Rainy evening. 141 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Wednesday, July 20. Went to dance at Old Point Confort. A policeman shot a member of Battery C. Previous to this some of C's men had fired sixteen shots into a saloon. Thursday, July 21. A provost guard of 38 men were sent from camp to keep order in the town. Friday, July 22. In afternoon went all over the "Katah- din;" she is a strange craft. Afterwards went aboard the "Minneapolis." Saturday, July 2J. The Battery was out and fired blank cartridges for the first time. Sunday, July 24. Eight of us took a sail. Gale of wind blowing all day; we went about forty miles. Stopped across the river to eat the lunch we had with us, then ran up Norfolk and beat toward the Point, then to Hampton where we ate again. Back at 9. Troops 142 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR from Chickamauga and Camp Alger arrived during day and camped here ready to go to Porto Rico. They turned out to be Troop A and C of New York, and the Governor's, Sheridan and City Troop of Philadelphia, the 4th Penn- sylvania, the 3d Ohio and the 4th Illinois infantry. Monday, July 2§. We just heard that we are to go to Porto Rico also on the invading expedi- tion. Later news is that we go on the transport "St. Louis." I am on camp guard to-day. There are about 6,000 men camped around us, and I have seen lots of fellows I know. Tuesday, July 26. Down at the C. and D. piers this afternoon watching the troops embark. I slipped downtown and then went to the Point and had a good time. 143 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Wednesday, July 27. At Old Point at the Sherwood and Hygeia. There was a scrap coming back in the car. Thursday, July 28. Went on board the "MinneapoHs" and was shown a good time. At Old Point in evening. Friday, July 2g. More troops arrived; we visited the different camps. Orders came to sort all clothes and to send home what we did not need. Saturday, July jo. General cleaning out of tent. . Went to Hampton in evening. Sunday, July jj. On stable guard, four hours on and eight off. In morning there was a muster and signing of pay rolls and in afternoon an inspection of tents. Everything not taken with us is to be sent home. 144 Slinging Mules on Board the "Manitoba' Stables on the "Manitoba" THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Monday, August i. Took a swim and washed clothes. Tuesday, August 2. Not a thing to do all day long. In evening had a pass from 6 to I2, but orders came to pass no one. I got out through the shipyard, which an infantry regiment were temporarily occupying. Got a few things downtown and met a couple of fellows, we were rounded up and told to come back to camp, as the transport was in. Wednesday, August j. We started loading in the morning. All afternoon I pushed trucks from our wagons to the ship. In evening went back to camp and found all tents struck. All marched from camp to ship at about midnight and slept aboard. Thursday, August 4. We have hammocks slung between decks. Helped load all day. The troops THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A on board are the Sheridan and Governor's troops, one-half the ist Kentucky in- fantry, and ourselves. Friday, August 5. To-day we loaded mules and horses. We had to sling the mules and killed one that dropped out of the sling. Went up-town and got a bath. Left dock at S-4S- Saturday, August 6. Very smooth. Water is of an indigo blue. I was on guard during the night until 12 o'clock noon. Sunday, August 7. Second day out. Fine day and heavy ground swell. We are making about twelve knots. Monday, August 8. On guard until to-morrow at 9 a. m. Getting rougher all the time. Some fellows becoming sick. I feel first rate, though I am in the bottom deck. 146 On Board the "Manitoba" On Board the "Alanitoba' THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Tuesday, August g. Sighted Porto Rico at 4 a. m. Is mountainous and quite beautiful. We overtook a tow that started from New- port News four days ahead of us. When our transport tried to run into Ponce where a lot of our ships are lying we ran aground off a little island, on which is a lighthouse. Stuck fast. Boats came out to us with news. Wednesday, August 10. I slept on deck. An attempt was made to pull us off but the tug did not succeed. Another steamer coming in ran aground close beside us. Our boat is lurching badly. Weather fairly rough. Ship pounding worse and worse. Thursday, August 11. Ship lurching in a jerky manner at times. To-night we were transferred to gunboat "Annapolis," where we slept on deck all night, and in morning were taken ashore and stacked our stuff around 147 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A the walls of an old cathedral. Very picturesque town. Buildings mostly warehouses, etc., one story high and made of stucco. Dwellings generally have porches and are built of wood, with a "patio" full of cocoa-palms, etc. Friday, August 12. Went up the beach with some fellows and took a swim in afternoon. Later drove into Ponce (two miles away) in small barouche. Very interesting town architecturally. Slept on cement pave- ment of church. Saturday, August Jj. Wandered around town and up the beach. The transport is still aground. In afternoon talked to the governor's daughters, and tried to learn some Span- ish. In evening went down to the land- ing and had some wine at a restaurant. Sunday, August 14. Went out on lighter and helped un- load the horses. They had to be swung 148 The Cathedral at Ponce and the Picket Line Early Morning at the Cathedral, Ponce, Porto Rii THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR from the ship 35 feet from the deck and would kick like mad in mid-air. We had to grab them when they came down. We took seventeen horses on our lighter, packed head to croup. As our meals are irregular and unsatisfactory we often buy our own. Monday, August IS- We took all the horses up the beach and into the sea. I had charge of two, one of them rather fractious. It was my first experience of the kind, but I managed to swim them all right and wash them off. Later I got a bad fall from one of them, landing square on my back. Tuesday, August 16. On guard to-day, raining cats and dogs. The first thing I did was to fall into a ditch up to my neck in water and black mud between the corral and the street. Had to get under the pump. To-day the battery moved into an old macaroni factory, dark, cobwebby and dirty. 149 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Spent a very disagreeable night, very wet under foot. Wednesday, August ly. Kingsley and I fixed up some bunks at the end of the loft after opening it up. It was quite a secluded place and we made it very confortable, so much so that the second morning we did not get up for roll call. I got extra detail for that. Thursday, August i8. Drove to Ponce and made a few pur- chases. Had a bully dinner at the Washington for 50 cents in our money. We had puree, eggs, beefsteak, veal and macaroni, kidneys and peas, pine- apple with syrup, bananas and coffee. Lieutenant MacLeod drove back with us. To-morrow some of us move to a camp about five miles inland among the foothills. ISO THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Friday, August ig. Sent a box with a native earthen water jug in it to the "May." No work all day long. There are so many transports in the harbor it is hard to get lighters and tugs for them all. We have a detail of 25 men unloading the "Manitoba." One of our men fell down a hatchway yesterday and got badly hurt. Drivers and horses moved to a new camp. Saturday, August 20. Unloaded a large lighter all morning. It was hard work as there was no derrick, and the wagons (dismounted) had to be taken off by hand. Our forge wagon fell overboard, and we had a hard time landing it. Packed a box with coffee and cigars and sent it home by the "May." Sunday, August 21. In afternoon I took a walk back to Ponce. We stopped at the engineers' camp awhile and then got a lift from an 151 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A ox-cart. Dr. MacLeod quite sick; we took a message asking to send someone out to the Red Cross Hospital at Ponce to watch him during the night. Monday, August 22. Preparations to leave immediately for our new camp. The guns were taken over by details. Chapman shot himself in the foot this afternoon by fooling with his revolver. We left about 4 o'clock for our new camp, riding on the limbers and caissons. The camp is about two miles from Ponce near a stream on the slope of a hill, while the horses and guns are at the foot of the hill, and above the road. I had to go on duty as pro- visional guard and slept, when possible, without shelter. Growth of trees and brush all around. Tuesday, August 23 ■ On guard from 5 a. m. until after 8 without breakfast, and did not get any 152 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR breakfast after I was relieved. The water in the stream is fine and cold, makes excellent bathing. Took a walk about a mile up the road and got some excellent pineapples. Thursday, August 25. Reichner and I got leave and went up the road foraging for a couple of miles. Then got a native pony and a donkey and started on a ride, two natives going along with us. We wound in and out, up and down, on mountain roads, getting on a worse road and into wilder country all the time, finally winding up some 17 kilometers from Ponce in a little village set in a valley. The natives treated us finely, we talked in Spanish ( .?) to them, and finally found a French- man and had quite a chat. Left there about 4 o'clock, reaching camp at 7, cooked supper then. Picked up several curios on the trip. 153 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Friday, August 26. On guard to-day, but got off for a while to participate in target practice with the four guns, which fired twenty- rounds each. The target was found to be 1,900 yards away, and we did good work with shrapnel, scoring several hits. Continued on guard. Saturday, August 27. More target practice with shrapnel to- day; we blew the target to pieces. In the afternoon Kingsley and I rode don- keys in the same direction as the former trip, but not so far. A native went with us ; he would take no pay. Sunday, August 28. In the afternoon went up the mountain to see the effect on our shooting of yes- terday. The ground was very much torn. We brought back some bits of shell as souvenirs. IS4 Gun Drill in Porto Rico Target Practice in Porto Rico THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Monday, August 2Q. On stable guard to-day. Tuesday, August 50. Reveille at 4.30. A detail of fifty men took the guns and horses to the wharf to load on the transport. I spent all day around camp. Thursday, September i. Went into Ponce and bought some souvenirs, etc., and had lunch there. Friday, September 2. Reveille at 4.30, broke camp. Loaded mule train with our luggage and our- selves and proceeded to Ponce. Went out on the first lighter, came in with a message, and then went out again and unloaded lighters all afternoon. Ship was loaded by 11 p. m., we did not take our horses on board. The transport is the "Mississippi." ISS THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Saturday, September j. Sailed about 4 a. m. Troops A and C of New York, Governor's, Sheridan and City Troop of Philadelphia are on board. The New Yorkers are the only ones with horses. On guard in hold from 7 p. m. to 8 a. m. Sunday, September 4. Making about ten knots. The weather is fine and warm. Monday, September 5. Weather still hot, but fine. Every day between 10 a. m. and 12, we get under a salt water stream on the fore deck and soak awhile. Tuesday, September 6. Weather continues fair and warm. Our quarters are as good as can be expected. As only 200 horses are on board it is much cleaner than it was going down to Porto Rico. - . 156 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Wednesday, September y. Every day is very hot, and we do nothing but swelter in the sun. Out of the- wind and shade one gets in a dripping perspiration even when doing nothing. Thursday, September 8. On this whole trip we have been getting miserable rations. Salt water coffee, (once) musty crackers, half-cooked sal- mon and poor beef two or three times was all we could get. Friday, September g. We ran into a northeaster during the night and it blew hard all day. The "Mississippi" made 200 knots to-day. Saturday, September 10. Sighted land early. America! Tugs and boats came down to meet us. There was lots of cheering and they followed us into Jersey City where a crowd was awaiting us. Went right aboard a train 157 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A where sandwiches and other good things were given us. Arrived in Philadelphia at 7 p. M. with a howling mob to welcome us. Marched to Union League and then to Horticultural Hall where they gave us a banquet and treated us like lords. At 9 o'clock we took a train to the armory where we were dismissed, having been granted a sixty-day furlough. ROSTER OF LIGHT BATTERY "A," PENNSYLVANIA VOLUNTEER AR- TILLERY Adams, Robert N., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Corp. July 2, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Alexander, Morton R., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Allen, William R., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Apptd. Artf. May 6, 1898; Prom. Corp. June 28, 1898; Prom. Sgt. July 26, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. ^S8 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Bacon, Charles C, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Baird, John, Corp.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Sgt. June 26, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Baldwin, WiOiam S., Priv.; Res. Nyack, N. Y.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Barker, Raymond C, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Barrit, Alexander G., Priv.; Res. Merchantville, N. J.; Enrd. June 18, 1898; M. I. June 18, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Barrit, William P., Priv.; Res. Merchantville, N. J.; Enrd. June 17, 1898; M. I. June 17, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Bartholemew, George P., Priv.; Res. Jeanes- ville, Pa.; Enrd. June 16, 1898; M. I. June 16, 1898; Dischd. Oct. 13, 1898. Bartram, Edwin B., Priv.; Res. St. Davids, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Bassonette, William H., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 22, 1898, M. I. June 22, 159 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A 1898; Died Oct. 8, 1898, in Philadelphia of typhoid fever. Bayard, George L., Priv.; Res. Plymouth Meet- ing, Pa.; Enrd. June 17, 1898; M. I. June 17, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Bettle, Samuel, Jr., Priv.; Res., Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Blackmore, George G., Priv.; Res., Cincinnati, Ohio; Enrd. June 16, 1898; M. I. June 16, 1898; Dischd. Nov. u, 1898. Bodine, Alexander N., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Boyd, Albert D., Jr., Priv.; Res. Uniontown, Pa.; Enrd. June 16, 1898; M. I. June 16, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Boyle, Samuel A., Jr., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Apptd. Artf. May 6, 1898; Prom. Corp. July 2, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Brewer, Edward H., Corp.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Sgt. June 26, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 160 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Bright, Harris L., Priv.; Res. Overbrook, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Brockie, Arthur H., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Apptd. Artf. May 6, 1898; Prom. Corp. June 28, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Brooke, George H., Corp.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Brown, Henry H., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Dischd. July 18, 1898, by telegraphic order Asst. Sect. War to accept appointment as contract surg. Brown, Owsley, Priv.; Res. Princeton, N. J.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Bullock, James M., Priv'.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Burroughs, Horatio M., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. ^6^ THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Caldwell, James H., Jr., Priv.; Res. Princeton, N. J.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Cardeza, Louis J. M., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Carlile, Norman W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Chapman, Charles J., Priv.; Res. Chestnut Hill, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Cheston, Alexander R., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Cheston, Daniel M., Jr., Corp. ; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Chew, Arthur C, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 18, 1898; M. I. June 18, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Cheyney, Edward L., Priv.; Res. Cheyney, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 162 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Church, Edgar M., Sgt.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Clark, Robert J., Mus.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898 (erroneously enlisted as Robert H. Clark); M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Clark, John H., Sgt.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898, M. I. May, 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. as Priv. Nov. 19, 1898. Coates, Crawford, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. July 27, 1898; M. I. July 27, 1898; Prom. Corp. Aug. 24, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Colfelt, James H., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Corp. July 2, 1898; Dischd. July 30, 1898, per telegraphic order A. A. G., W. Dept., to accept commission as 2d Lieut. Co. H, 4th P. V. I. Colhoun, George F., Jr., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Collings, Robert Z., Priv.; Res. Camden, N. J.; Enrd. June 20, 1898; M. I. June 20, 1898; 163 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Dischd. Aug. 22, 1898; per S. O. 181, Aug. 23, 1898, at Port of Ponce, P. R. Cresswell, Charles T., ist Lieut.; Res. Phila- delphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 18:98; Resigned July 21, 1898; per S. 0. 170 W. Dept. A. G. 0. Crowhurst, Ernest H., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Q. M. Sgt. May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Dewing, Hiram E., Priv.; Res. Stamford, Conn.; Enrd. June i6, 1898; M. I. June 16,1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Doland, Charles McC, Priv.; Res. Spokane, Wash.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Dornan, Robert, 2d, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Douglas, Harry R., Priv.; Res. Huntingdon, Pa.; Enrd. June 20, 1898; M. I. June 20, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Douglas, James B., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Duncan, William D., Priv.; Res. Harrisburg, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 164 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Dwight, Richard E., Priv.; Res. Plainfield, N. J.; Enrd. June 26, 1898; M. I. June 26, 1898; From. Corp. Aug. 24, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Earl, Edward B., Priv.; Res. Rosemont, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Earl, Samuel R., Priv.; "Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Edwards, George W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Apptd. Artf. May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. as Priv. Nov. 19, 1898. Ellis, Thomas S., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; Died July 3, 1898, at Glen Hosp., Ft. Monroe, Va. Finley, Charles B., Jr., Priv.; Res. Elkton, Md.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Gausler, Augustus R., Priv.; Res. Camden, N. J.; Enrd. June 20, 1898; M. I. June 20, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Grubb, Parker R., Priv.; Res. West Hanover, Dauphin Co., Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; _ THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Guss, John N., Priv.; Res. West Chester, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Haggerty, Richard J., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 18, 1898; M. I. June 18, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Haines, Harold A., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Hanna, Meredith, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Harris, Charles M., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Corp. June 28, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Hart, Benjamin, Jr.; Priv.; Res. Moorestown, N. J.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 1898. Hartel, Walter W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I .May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Hay, George D., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 166 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Hayden, Arthur R., Artf.; Res. Tallmadge, Ohio; Enrd. June 20, 1898; M. I. June 20, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Headman, John M., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Herring, Charles M. P., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Hickey, Thomas A., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Hickok, Ross, Priv.; Res. Harrisburg, Pa.; Enrd. May 4, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Corp. July 2, 1898; Dischd. July 28, 1898, to accept commission per telegraphic order A. A. G. W. Dept. Hickok, William O., 4th, Priv.; Res. Harrisburg, Pa., Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. High, Nelson K., Wag.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty, Nov. 19, 1898. Hincken, Robert E., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 167 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Hofmann, Charles L., Priv.; Res. Norwood, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Howell, Frederic W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 18, 1898; M. I. June 18, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Howell, James W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Howell, Karl L., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Howell, Zophar L., Jr., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 18, 1898; M. I. June 18, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Huey, Mifflin W., Priv.; Res. Bustleton, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Hunsberger, Charles A., Priv.; Res. Chestnut Hill, Pa.; Enrd. June 22, 1898; M. I. June 22, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Hyndman, Harry T., Priv.; Res. Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Irwin, Hallowell, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 168 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Jessup, John M., Jr., Priv.; Res. Woodbury, N. J.; Enrd. June i6, 1898; M. I. June 16, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Johnson, Joseph W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Junkin, Joseph De F., Jr., Priv.; Res. Philadel- phia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Kelley, Albert B., Q. M. Sgt.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Dischd. July 29, 1898, by telegraphic order A. A. G., W. Dept. Kelly, Addison W., Priv.; Res. New York City, N. Y.; Enrd. July 11, 1898; M. I. July 11, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Kent, William E., Priv.; Res. Binghamton, N. Y.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Kernocken, Frederic, Priv. ; Res. New York City, N. Y.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Kimball, Harrison G., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Died Oct. 13, 1898, at Pres- byterian Hosp., Philadelphia, of typhoid fever. 169 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Kingsley, Carter R., Priv.; Res. Bath, N. Y.; Enrd. June i8, 1898; M. I. June 18, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Knight, Joseph S., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. O. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Kollock, Harry, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Large, Robert H., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Dischd. June 28, 1898, to accept commission as 2d Lieut. Co. G., 9th Regt., P. V. L, per telegraphic order of Asst. Sect. War. Lees, Samuel, Saddler; Res. Trenton, N. J.; Enrd. June 20, 1898; M. L June 20, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Lewis, Clarence R., 2d Lieut.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. L May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Lloyd, William F., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 18, 1898; M. I. June 18, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Locher, James R.; Priv.; Res. Lancaster, Pa.; Enrd. June 21, 1898; M. L June 21, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 170 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Logan, James A., Jr., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Dischd. July 25, 1898, to accept commission per telegraphic order A. A. G., W. Dept. Logan, John W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. L June 15, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Longacre, John M., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. L June 14, 1898; M. 0. with Baty, Nov. 19, 1898. Lucas, John H., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. L May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. MacLeod, George L, Jr., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); April 27, 1898; M. L May 6, 1898; Dischd. Aug. i, 1898, to accept appointment as contract surg., per tele- graphic order A. A. G. MacLeod, Norman, 1st, Sgt.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Dischd. July 25, 1898; Comsd. 2d Lieut. Light Baty. A July 25, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Martin, Carl N., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. L May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 171 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Martin, Edward L., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Martin, Walter W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom, to Vety. Surg. May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. McCall, Samuel K., Priv.; Res. York, Pa.; Enrd. June 21, 1898; M. I. June 21, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. McCloskey, John F., Priv.; Res. Chestnut Hill, Pa.; Enrd. June t5, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. McClure, James R., Jr., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. McGrath, George W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. McNish, Frederic B., Priv.; Res. Cambridge, N. Y.; Enrd. June 26, 1898; M. I. June 26, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Miller, Albert R., Priv.; Res. Overbrook, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 18, 1898. 172 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Miller, Hiram, Jr., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Mills, Paul D., Sgt.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Dischd. June 18, 1898, by S. 0. 143 Hdg. A, same date. Mohr, John K., Corp.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Montgomery, Grenville D., Priv.; Res. Council Bluffs, la.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; Dischd. July 23, 1898, Telegraphic order A. A. G., W. Dept. Montgomery, Robert H., Priv.; Res. German- town, Pa.; Enrd. June 16, 1898; M. I. June 16, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Montgomery, Robert L., Priv.; Res. Philadel- phia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom, to Guidon July 19, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Moorhouse, William L., Priv.; Res. Germantown, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Morgan, William C, Jr., Priv.; Res. Philadel- phia, Pa.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 173 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Morice, William N., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom, to Corp. June 28, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Mortimer, George D. E., Priv.; Res. Philadel- phia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Newhall, George T., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Nugent, William J., Artf.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 18, 1898; M. I. June 18, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Overfield, Peter D., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Palmer, Byron W., Priv.; Res. New York City, N. Y.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Palmer, Norman, Sgt.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Pancoast, William H., 2d Lieut.; Res. Phila- delphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 174 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Comsd. ist Lieut. July 25, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Parke, Frank, Priv.; Res. Coatesville, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Parker, Richard R., Priv.; Res. Merchantville, N. J.; Enrd. June 16, 1898; M. I. June 16, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Peel, William P., Artf.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 23, 1898; M. I. June 23, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Pepper, Benjamin F., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Dischd. August 2, 1898, per telegraphic order A. A. G. Plank, Edward R., Priv.; Res. Christiana, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Potter, William W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898, M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Potter, Wilson, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 175 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Ralston, Francis W., Jr., Corp.; Res. Phila- delphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Sgt. June 26, 1898; Prom, to 1st Sgt. July 26, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Rambo, Albert S., Sgt.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Rand, Robert, Priv. ; Res. Princeton, N. J.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Reakirt, James L., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with featy. Nov. 19, 1898. Reichner, Frederick F., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. May 5', 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Renouf, Arthur, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Rhodes, Frank M., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Roberts, Charles H., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. 176 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Roesing, Frank M., Priv.; Res. Chicago, 111.; Enrd. June 18, 1898; M. I. June 18, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Rogers, Charles, Jr., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Rosengarten, Albert H., Corp.; Res. 'Phila- delphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Rowland, Benjamin, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Ruegenberg, John M., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Sayen, Henry L., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Schenck, Frederick D. P., Priv.; Res. Ardmore, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Schoch, Layton M., Priv.; Res. Stroudsburg, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 177 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Schoff, Jay J., Priv.; Res. Media, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Schwarz, William B., Priv.; Res. Princeton, N. J.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Corp. June 28, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Seymore, William E., Priv.; Res. New York City, N. Y.; Enrd. June 26, 1898; M. I. June 26, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Sharp, Norman W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 16, 1898; M. I. June 16, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Skinner, Clifford R., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 16, 1898; M. I. June i6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Slaughter, Francis W., Priv.; Res. Germantown, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Smith, Harold P., Priv.; Res. Princeton, N. J.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Corp., June 28, 1898; Died Sept. 12, 1898, at Nyack, N. Y., of disease contracted in line of duty. Stauffer, James D., Priv.; Res. Lancaster, Pa.; Enrd. June 21, 1898; M. I. June 21, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR Steel, James W., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 28, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Trumpeter May 6, 1898; Dischd. July 18, 1898; per S. O. 170 W. Dept. A. G. 0. Stevenson, Alfred B., Priv.; Res. Lindley Sta- tion, Pa.; Enrd. June 16, 1898; M. I. June 16, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Stevenson, Henry J., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Stevenson, James H., Priv.; Res. Lindley Sta- tion, Pa.; Enrd. June 16, 1898; M. I. June 16, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Stewart, Alexander M., Jr., Priv.; Res. Prince- ton, N. J.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 18, 1898. Stockton, William B., Priv.; Res. Phcenixville, Pa.; Enrd. June 18, 1898; M. I. June 18, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 1898. Stokes, Thomas P., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Swift, Thomas R., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. 179 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Townsend, Delmar K., Priv.; Res. Camden, N. J.; Enrd. June 15, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Turner, Francis, Priv.; Res. Montclair, N. J.; Enrd. June 22, 1898; M. I. June 22, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Vaux, Henry P., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; Prom. Corp. June 28, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Vaux, Richard, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Wadsworth, James W., Jr., Priv.; Res. Geneseo, N. Y.; Enrd. July 23, 1898; M. I. July 23, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Walbridge, George B., Priv.; Res. Stony Fork, Pa.; Enrd. June 20, 1898; M. I. June 20, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Walters, Benjamin S., Priv.; Res. Lansdowne, Pa.; Enrd. June 14, 1898; M. I. June 14, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Warburton, Barclay H., Capt.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. 180 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR May 6, 1898; on special recruiting duty from June 14 to 23, 1898, per G. 0. 61 A. G. O., June I, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Whitesides, John G., Corp.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Williams, John, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa. (N. G. P.); Enrd. April 27, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Williamson, Edward B., Artf.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 23, 1898; M. I. June 23, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Willing, H. A. William, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. May 5, 1898; M. I. May 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Wilson, William, Jr., Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 16, 1898; M. I. June 15, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Witherspoon, Preston, Priv.; Res. Richmond, Va.; Enrd. July 6, 1898; M. I. July 6, 1898; M. O. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. Wunder, Theodore, Priv.; Res. Philadelphia, Pa.; Enrd. June 17, 1898; M. I. June 17, 1898; M. 0. with Baty. Nov. 19, 1898. 181 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A THE RETURN OF BATTERY "A" The story of the arrival of Battery A begins properly at the lower bay, New York, for though there were Troop A of New York, and Troop C of Brooklyn on the transport "Mississippi," there were more Philadelphians on tugs in the lower bay and on the pier at Jersey City than there were residents of Greater New York. About lo o'clock the trans- port appeared and was at once surrounded by the tugs. The cavalry and artillery flags flew at the masthead, answering the question that had long been in the minds of all those who had gathered there to meet the troops, telling them there had been no deaths on the voyage. The tugs drew closer alongside, keeping pace with the transport and the mass of humanity along the sides and in the rigging, which had seemed as black as flies gathering on molasses, resolved itself into brown-clad figures hanging over 182 > 3 a td O THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR the sides and standing confidently in perilous places. Then signals began to fly between the tugs and the ship and back. There were no men seriously sick. That was the answer to the first question and a buzz of satisfaction and relief went up from the seven tugs. They were close enough now to recognize faces, and the soldiers, here and there catch- ing the eye of some friend, began making gestures as of pouring with a look of inquiry. "Yes, indeed, tubs of it in the city," somebody called back. One could tell from the motions whether a man was thinking of beer or whiskey, and some admiring Brooklynites, after viewing a very earnest pantomime by one of their friends, decided he was looking for a cocktail. There was a great deal of chaffing, but the tugs had to keep their distance until the transport had passed quarantine. The health officer took his time about coming from the station on his tug, but his inspection of the boat THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A took only about twenty minutes, and then the other tugs lined up alongside and the friends and delicacies began to pile on board. "We thought we might meet a few," said one soldier, "but we did not expect anything like this." It surprised them, apparently, to hear that Philadelphia had waited two days to give them a reception. Governor Hastings and Major Rich- ardson came down on the United States Quartermaster's tug. Every new tug that joined the ship increased the soldiers' surprise, but at the pier in Jersey City their surprise was greatest, for nearly all the people there gathered within the police lines to greet them were Philadel- phians whose faces they were used to seeing every day. It was half an hour before the first man got off the boat. The "Mississippi" was under command of Major Flagler of the Engineer Corps, and Major C. S. W. Jones, of the Govern- 184 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR or's Troop of Harrisburg, being the senior oiBcer, had charge of the troops. There were on board 613 men and 24 officers, as follows : Troop A, N. Y 86 men 2 officers Troop C,N.Y 92 " 3 City Troop, Pa 93 " 3 Governor's Troop, Pa. 94 " 3 Sheridan Troop, Pa.. 97 " 2 Battery A, Pa 151 " 3 There were five batterymen on the sick list, but it was catarrhal fever, dysentery, from change of water, they said. The sick men were Crawford Coates, Warner Johnson, H. J. Stevenson, Harold Smith and Edward Cheyney. Corporal Morice was not on the ship, having been left in hospital at Ponce in charge of Sergeant Norman Palmer, who is nursing him. The unloading arrangements were not very good. The sick men came down a plank set at an angle of forty-five degrees THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A and two or three of them got bad tumbles. The troopers and batterymen were given their dinners at the Jersey City station by the Natiohal ReHef Commission, and got away about 4 o'clock, many of their friends going on the same train. The guns were left on the transport, in charge of Quartermaster Crowhurst, who was quartermaster of the whole boat. The city committee had the transportation warrant ready to fill out, and had made arrangements to have the Philadelphia trains run on express time. The Battery train made a fast run and reached Broad and Washington Avenue at 6.45 o'clock. Mayor Warwick and the reception committee were on hand early, as were the Second City Troop and Battery D, which were to be the escorts of the return- ing soldiers. General Morrell and his staff were conspicuous among the crowd which greated us at the station, as was also ex-Postmaster General Wanamaker 186 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR with his family, including his daughter, the wife of Captain Warburton, of the returning battery. When the batterymen had been re- leased by the crowd which had seized upon them as soon as they got off the cars, Captain Warburton formed the men in sections to load the wagons with bag- gage. Blankets, belts, and all the personal paraphernalia of the soldiers was thrown in, and though the officers kept their swords, the men were unencumbered in the march to Horticultural Hall. After a short wait the battery reformed and marched as infantry, company front, up Broad Street. The start was the signal for a wave of enthusiasm that traveled with their march. The men marched into Horticultural Hall in double file and stood at their places at the tables while the Mayor addressed them: "I will make no speech to hungry men. Every man of you is a hero, and the republic and your city are grateful. THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A God bless each one of you. Welcome home, and fall to." REMINISCENCES IN SERVICE 1898 Although at the time I regretted the breach of discipline, and I know my tent mate and companion did too, the nature of same has a humorous side which I feel sure will prove inter- esting and recall to the minds of the old 98 Battery men the first punishment administered (not the last by any means) during the campaign. Upon receiving orders to move to Newport News and establish a camp where we were to wait until further orders to move to the front, we left Mount Gretna for the sunny South. The site picked for us at Newport News was certainly all that could be desired. Situated on a level piece of ground next to the big ship building plant on the r:.^^--^^y?^^ The Kitchen, Porto Rico Breaking Camp in Porto Rico THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR banks of the James River, with a fine beach below, made the men take on a new lease on life and more willing to do the arduous tasks and duties of a soldier. Now therein lies the tale. Naturally, with the thermometer registering around the ICO mark, the river so near, and no one to object to our taking a swim in the garb supplied by nature, the induce- ment was great and the excuses many to get down to the beach in the water. I must say the officers were very lenient with the men in allowing them as much time as possible to enjoy the waters of the James, but on the day upon which the breach of discipline occurred there was a most important piece of work to do, namely dig a trench around our big mess tent. Although neither my tent mate nor myself were afraid of work (which we afterwards proved), on this particular day we had a pass which allowed us to leave camp and not report for duty until evening mess call. After visiting the 189 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A town of Newport News the best part of the afternoon and arriving at camp fully one hour and a half before mess call, our one thought (and in fact we hurried home on that account) was to divest ourselves of uniforms and take a swim in the river. While in our tent (which overlooked the mess tent) getting ready for the cooling waters, we chuckled to ourselves, thinking how lucky we were to have chosen that day for our trip in town and the pass which held good until the time when we thought the trench would be dug. On our way to the river we had to pass our comrades and chided them about the heat and work and invited them to come with us for a bath. The First Sergeant seeing us and hearing the re- marks, immediately called after us, tell- ing us to report at once to help dig the trench. We chuckled again (this was the last time). Knowing that our pass was good yet for at least an hour and 190 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR thinking he had forgotten we had one, we proceeded to the river. I can assure you we enjoyed that bath more than any we ever had and stayed until the last minute in the water. Imagine our surprise upon our return to find the men had ceased work on the trench, though only about one quarter finished. Some- thing in the air and the expression on the fellows' faces told us that there was trouble brewing. And it wasn't long before we found out what it was. The First Sergeant was waiting at our tent and informed us that we had disobeyed his command to help dig the trench, and as a punishment we were to start right in and not stop until we had finished digging the part unfinished. To say the least, we felt pretty badly, and also did not relish the idea of com- pleting such a task as that set before us. However, we decided not to make a kick, and as we were feeling refreshed from our bath started in with a will to make the 191 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A best trench we knew how. Of course the other fellows gave us the laugh and many were the jests and remarks thrown our way, especially while the men were at mess and we were on the outside digging away. Now the finish of the trench proved to be our finish too. As I said before, we tried to dig the best trench in the camp, and we did, as was proved by the satisfaction of the Captain and other officers. Unfortunately, it was so good that the captain started to congratulate the men on their work, not knowing the work had been done by my tent mate and myself or why we had been instructed to do it. It was not long, however, before he was told the truth, and thinking it the time and place to show that discipline was the proper thing, instructed the First Sergeant to cut off our privilege for passes outside of camp for two weeks from that date. This punishment, although it does not sound severe, came like a shock to my comrade and myself, as it was the 192 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR first to be given by our Captain and naturally caused a stir in the camp, and we were looked upon as prisoners and called such in a good-natured way. Then again we had made some very attractive engagements outside the camp for several evenings, and knew an explanation would be cheerfully given by some of the other fellows as to why we would be unable to attend, which would make it hard for us to explain afterwards. After serving a week of our sentence, the brother-in- law of one of my friends came down to Old Point Comfort with his family, and in visiting the camp invited me over to the Chamberlin Hotel, together with several others, to dinner, a treat which every -man relished. Of course I had to explain my reasons for not being able to accept, but as the gentleman in question was a friend of the Captain's he said he would ask him if I couldn't get oif for that one evening. Imagine his surprise and also mine when the Captain told him that 193 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A he had not remembered the affair and personally gave him a pass to give me to leave camp. I think I enjoyed that little excursion more than anything in my life and upon returning to camp was pleased to find that my partner had also been given a pass and the punishment revoked. It is a fact though that when- ever we passed the mess tent our eyes always lingered a little longer on the trench which caused so much trouble. C. M. Prevost Herring. * * * While stationed at the port of Ponce, during which time we slept on the pave- ment immediately in front of the Catholic church, the writer, with several of his confreres, went one day, as was customary when guard duties did not keep us in camp, to the town of Ponce, where event- ually, and also in accordance with custom, we entered the most popular cafe for the purpose of enjoying one or more Cognac Limeades. While seated at a table, a 194 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR man — unmistakably a gentleman and a Spaniard — came up and, addressing the writer, asked the question if we were aware of the fact that the proprietor of the establishment we were then patron- izing was not only a Spaniard in all his sympathies but as well a sergeant in the Spanish Volunteer Army. But inasmuch as a number of similar places were owned by Porto Ricans whose sympathies were with the Americans, he thought it quite likely we might wish to patronize the latter instead. Before making the above remarks he presented a card which had written upon it: "This is to certify that Seiior has been of very great service to me ever since my arrival upon the island." Signed: "Nelson A. Miles, General Commanding." The reverse side proved the card to be a per- sonal one of General Miles. Upon the strength of this information, a man who had graduated at Stevens Institute, Hoboken, and acting as an 195 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A interpreter, was called and asked if the proprietor was in. Upon being informed in the affirmative his presence was re- quested. A few moments later a man of about six feet three in stature appeared and through the interpreter the writer told him that the representatives of the American Service had been informed he was a Spanish sympathizer, and that as a result there was much indignation felt — in fact it was questionable if we could hold our men in check as it was their desire to create an uprising. How- ever, if he would undertake to display the American flag over his establish- ment we thought it probable trouble might be averted. Not having the American colors in his possession he informed us of his inability to comply with our request, but said he would see if it were possible to obtain an American flag. Having seen from this a partial but bloodless victory, it was then demanded 196 THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR that each man then in his place (and there must have been fully fifty present) should have his favorite beverage "on the house." The interpreter put this question to the proprietor and obtained his consent. Then a further demand was made for those at the table with the writer — that in addition we should have a large plate of sponge cakes. These with the drinks were most thoroughly enjoyed. After having been served gratis, the interpreter returned and presented a formidable looking document which, upon examination, purported that the pro- prietor was a prisoner of war of the United States of America on parole, and that his person would be delivered to the authorities upon demand, the said document having been duly executed by General Wilson. The next day, upon returning to Ponce, we found that this place, as well as all others of a similar nature, were duly 197 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A closed and in fact remained in this condi- tion until about the third day when, upon returning to "Mine Host," our delight was considerable to find crossed above the mirror in his place two Ameri- can flags. It might be added that the foregoing was the cause of a very soft berth to some of the Provost Guard, for we found stationed in the cafe a member of this body, and in fact as long as the Battery remained in Porto Rico some sentry was posted there and, it is natural to assume, obtained the per- quisites of office. Wm. Wilson, Jr. An amusing incident of the Porto Rican campaign is related by a former batteryman. He was on sentry duty one bright moonlight night, and had a post about half way up a hill. On the top of the hill was the post of X , of the same relief, a quiet and thoughtful fellow. As two members of another 198 First Sergeant Norman MacLeod Guidon Sergeant Robert L. Montgomery THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR outfit had been found stabbed while on sentry duty only a few nights before the majority of the sentries realized how necessary it was to keep a sharp lookout. Presently our friend noticed Norman MacLeod, then First Sergeant, making the rounds. After MacLeod had passed by our friend noticed him stop at the top of the hill, and then advance on tip- toes in the direction of X 's post, which our friend could not see. About a half hour later X came down the hill and hailed our friend. "Did Norman catch you.""' he asked. "No indeed; what was the matter with you ? I saw Norman creeping upon you." "Oh, I did not see him," drawled X — . "Did not see him.'' What do you mean?" "Well, at least not until he touched my shoulder. The fact was that it was such a clear bright night and I was tired of doing nothing I spread my poncho on the ground and was playing solitaire." 199 CHAPTER VII The Coal Strike of 1902 THIRD SECTION IN April of 1902 the United Mine Workers of America had declared a strike throughout the coal regions of Pennsylvania, and the local authorities not being able to handle the situation, had called on the Governor for help to enforce the law. The Governor, after carefully looking into the situation, ordered into the field a small part of the National Guard of the state. This measure seemed to have a quieting effect in the districts to which the troops were assigned, but there was a noticeable increase in the lawlessness of the localities which were not thus protected. This condition remained throughout 200 THE COAL STRIKE OF I9O2 the summer and at intervals additional troops were put in the field. In the Battery we were watching the situation carefully, some of us hoping to be ordered out, others fearing we would not be allowed to take part, all of us, however, were keeping in touch with the First Sergeant, and as many of us were on our vacations when the order finally came it was well we had taken the precaution to leave our addresses behind us. In the latter part of September college had opened and I was very busy trying to maintain the dignity which is proper to every college junior when one day I returned to my house about 4 p. m. to find that a policeman had appeared with orders for me to report to the Battery Armory at 8 p. m. that evening. Putting on my "little suit of blue," I dined with my family and immediately repaired to the Armory, where there was much to be done and much being done. After getting the equipment in readi- 201 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A ness and being ordered to remain at the Armory, most of us had decided to try for a little sleep when orders reached us for one of the sections to join the 2d Regiment Infantry, N. G. P., at the rail- road station. Whitesides, our Top Ser- geant, with his section of two guns left us and that was the last time we saw them until our train was on its way home and the strike was over. After this, most of us settled ourselves for a sleep, but that was as far as it went, for there were a few choice spirits who believed that a general celebration was in order and their wishes with their spirits won the day, or rather destroyed the night for the sleepier contingent. Early the next morning horses began to arrive and we immediately paired them and hitched them to the guns. Edgar Church, lieutenant in command of the third section, in which I was a corporal, came over and ordered his ser- geant, Louis Cardeza, to pull the section 202 THE COAL STRIKE OF I9O2 out for Thirteenth and Callowhill, where the 3d Infantry, N. G. P., was entraining. Arriving at the station we immediately- put the guns aboard flat cars and the six horses in a box car and got in the latter ourselves, to protect the ammunition which was in one end of this car. The train had no sooner started than we began to realize we were not the most popular people in Philadelphia; in going under the Fifteenth Street bridge we heard jeers and looked up in time to dodge a shower of missiles, one of which (a large iron bolt) sailed between two men who were sitting in the open door of the box car, just missing the head of Lavino. This sort of demonstration continued as long as we were within the city limits and gave us all some food for speculation, and to some extent prepared us for the sight which met us on our arrival at Minersville. There one of the local unions had been 203 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A having a meeting which had broken up just as our train pulled into the siding. The meeting place was in a public hall at the top of a hill overlooking the railroad, and as the train stopped, 3,000 miners were coming out of this hall and down the hill toward us. We were ordered to remain in the cars until the officers had had a conference with the Chief of Police; this, I think, many of us were glad to do, but to our amazement a large number of the miners came over to us and offered to help get our guns and horses off the cars, and even- tually this offer of help was accepted. We were then marched out to the Primrose Colliery of the Lytle Coal Company and were ordered into camp on the grounds surrounding the superin- tendent's house. This was on top of a small mountain above the town of Minersville and overlooked the latter. It was difficult to get the camp equi- page up this hill and we went to bed that 204 THE COAL STRIKE OF I9O2 night sleeping under the tarpauHns, which were spread over the guns. These would have been exceedingly close quarters if Lavino and Stewart had not been ordered to the superintendent's office for duty as telephone orderlies. At dark we had had nothing to eat since leaving Philadelphia, and I was ordered to report to Sam Boyle, who was with the Battery in Porto Rico, but who at this time was Captain and Commissary of the 3d Infantry. The only thing he had on hand was bread and asking how many men we had he gave me ten loaves — one for each man. The next morning we turned out cold and stiff and went to work erecting the camp. Our street with the stables was on one flank of the regimental camp and at the end of the street we had a very convenient chicken-house from which we were able to secure eggs every morning and now and then an occasional chicken. The work in this locality was rather 205 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A more of routine than we had expected — a drill in the morning, varied now and then by target practice on a pistol range we erected, and a patrol in force in the after- noons, getting back in time to participate with the regiment in afternoon parade in the streets of Minersville, and stable guard at night. The morning drills were quite inter- esting, as the government had not pub- lished a drill regulation for the 30-30 Colt automatic guns, and "Churchie" devoted his time to formations which would meet conditions should we be suddenly attacked by a large, well armed, well disciplined and very brave body of strikers. One night a telephone message came to the camp that a washery in the neighborhood had been blown up by strikers and we were ordered at 2 a. m. to limber up and get over there only to find a deep and heavy silence and much darkness. The next day five Lithuanians were 206 THE COAL STRIKE OF I902 arrested for the outrage, but no informa- tion could be gotten from them, although they were kept in the guard house for four days, as they could not speak Eng- lish. They were able, however, to make the commanding officer understand that they were lonely without their wives, who were looked up and given comfortable quarters in the open guard tent with their husbands. We were taken out for target practice one afternoon and were told to fire at the side of a mountain about three-quarters of a mile away — a nice black spot was picked out as a target and we opened fire. It was afterwards decided that our aim was not what it might have been, as the "black spot" turned out to be the mouth of a mine which began to empty itself of non-union miners while we were firing. As the guns fired at the rate of 480 shots per minute it was also decided that a stray shot might accidentally hit some of these men and we were ordered to "cease 207 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A firing, " very much to the disappointment of quite a large gallery of union men who had turned up to watch the practice. While returning from one of our morn- ing drills "Churchie" decided to go into town and instructed Louis Cardeza to take us back to camp as quickly as pos- sible. This was an opportunity not to be missed, for we had never found out of what speed our "Evening Telegraph" horses were capable, so Louis on a "shad- bellied," raw-boned steed, about sixteen hands high, decided to get "to camp as quickly as possible," and told us to hit it up; for this we needed no particular instruction and started at a gallop at the top of a hill. As we went down the grade we saw a bunch of strikers at the bottom; as they saw us coming, they seemed struck with amazement and then, we thought, much enthusiasm, for they all ran to one side of the road and began to wave their arms and shout at us — cheering us as we thought. But after we 208 H en n> o r-f o' 3 to ^ O n THE COAL STRIKE OF I902 had passed them we turned to see how well we had covered them with dust, to find that the left wheel had come off the gun carriage and was somewhat behind us and our rear gun, but still coming down the hill. We therefore waited for it, put it on and were overtaken by an unkind commanding officer who could discover no merit in our chariot race, and who cast a gloom over all such sporting events. Soon after this exhibition of skill and horsemanship we were ordered to entrain with the headquarters and two battalions of the 3d Regiment for Audenried, a small town five miles outside of Hazleton. On our arrival at Audenried we found we were to be quartered in a school house which had been condemned the year before as one end had fallen into a mine which was under the school and in which there had been a number of cave-ins. We found in the neighborhood, a coun- try hotel which had a vacant room on the ground floor; here we spread our blankets 209 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A on the floor, each two men placing at their heads their "ditty bags" and an oil stove, which latter had been purchased at Minersville to keep the tents warm at night — this they did, at the expense of cleanliness and beauty, for it was not uncommon for four out of the nine men to turn out in the mornings covered with soot. At Audenried, however, these stoves served another and equally delightful purpose — the room was not over large and consequently the stoves did not have to work overtime to saturate the atmos- phere with the odor of kerosene. One of the men could not stand draughts and would not allow the win- dows to be opened, but fortunately some of the clap-boarding had fallen off the house and there was a gentle and con- tinuous breeze, laden at all times with frost, circulating over the floor. The regimental headquarters discov- ering us thus comfortably situated, de- 2IO THE COAL STRIKE OF I9O2 cided that there was no other such attractive place to establish the adjutant's office, and consequently Captain Cress- well, another former member of the Battery, during the Spanish War, took one end of the room for his clerk's abode. This made very little difference, how- ever, as we were on the march at 4 a. m. each morning and returning at 8 a. m. were given two hours off, then a drill for two hours, then mess and a rest until 4 p. M. Then we started out on another hike to patrol certain sections where the miners either were going to or returning from work at these ungodly hours. The evenings were spent unprofitably in attempting to make friends with our feminine neighbors who persisted in boycotting us most outrageously. On one of our morning patrols we reached a small town called McAdoo where the labor union spirit was particu- larly strong and where everyone had been out of work ever since the strike was in- 211 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A augurated. These people had given the local authorities much trouble at different times, sometimes the whole town taking part in the riots. Just before we reached this place we discovered that three of the horses needed shoeing badly, so we searched the town for, and found, a blacksmith shop with the intention of having the shoes attended to, but unfortunately for us the towns- people had undertaken to boycott the troops, and consequently when they saw us unhitching one of our horses before the shop, they divined our purpose immedi- ately and rushing out into the roadway completely surrounded us and blocked our way to the door of the shop, making rather an ugly situation. But Church ordered the cannoneers and gunners to stand on top of the limber chests with drawn pistols and calling to the drivers, who by this time had unhitched their horses, to follow him, he spurred his horse and, making him rear, plunged 212 THE COAL STRIKE OF ig02 him into the crowd which gave away and left a clear path to the shop door. On gaining this he had the horses taken inside and sitting on his horse with drawn pistol kept the crowd back while the necessary work was done. While this was taking place some of the strikers, those nearest the guns, had been overcome by curiosity in regard to the insignificant looking little guns, and as it was felt that if these guns were once understood they would be respected and feared, an impromptu lecture was given by the gunners on the efficiency of the arm. In fact this was done every time we collected an audience, which was every time we halted. One morning we got into communica- tion with our first section, Lieutenant MacLeod commanding, at Hazleton, and an appointment was made to have a consolidated drill with them that after- noon. We met them according to sched- ule and proceeded to have a fast drill in 213 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A which each gun crew tried to outdo the others. In this "Buz" Levick, driver of the second gun in the first section, succeeded so well that he turned his gun over on a curve, throwing Davisson, Spear and Maguire into the bushes; they scrambled out white but unhurt and righted the gun carriage without causing a moment's delay. The next day Lieut. Church received an order over the telephone from Capt. Warburton, who was with the Division Staff at Tamaqua, Pa, to meet the first section at a small town half way between our station and Hazleton and entrain for home. The entraining was accomplished with- out trouble, and at Tamaqua we picked up the two other sections, Rambo and Whitesides commanding, and eventually arrived at Thirteenth and Callowhill streets, Philadelphia, having been on strike duty for just three weeks, from October 8 to October 29, 1902. 214 The Second Section of the Battery at Tamaqua, October, 1 902 THE COAL STRIKE OF I9O2 This account would not be complete without a description of our first meeting with one John Lindsay. A number of small boys had decided that they would like to see the coal regions and take part in any trouble that would come their way, so they took refuge on top of the freight cars of our train. When we arrived at Reading the train was stopped and a hunt was made for these stowaways, and they were made to come down from their dangerous perches and it was thought they were all left behind when we started again. We in our box-car were bowling merrily along when a head was thrust over the edge of the roof above our open door and a voice said, "Say, gimme a hat, will youse?" Upon investigation we discovered the voice came from an undersized boy who had lost his hat while trying to hide from the trainmen, on the axle under 215 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A the body of the 3d Infantry ambu- lance. When next we stopped we took this youngster into our car and when we arrived at Minersville he immediately disappeared, to appear again in camp about three days later with the informa- tion that he had gotten drunk and while asleep some one had stolen his clothes; he was without coat, trousers or shoes but had acquired a hat. We furnished him with shoes, a pair of "fibre-dyed" trousers and a burlap bag; out of the latter he made a coat by simply cutting holes for his arms. This bread cast on the waters was to return to us many times and at various places in the shape of what was variously called "The Kid" and "Mugsey." He was at times a nuisance but on many other occasions we found him exceedingly useful. His burlap bag and canvas trousers eventually proved such a poor protection against the frost of the Pennsylvania 216 THE COAL STRIKE OF IQGZ mountains that he was glad to run about three miles to the place where we were to entrain for home. Thence he made the trip to Philadelphia under a pile of loose hay in the box-car with our horses and a goat which he had stolen at Minersville and presented to Tommy Tompkins: Robert Morris. Third Section Light Battery "A", Philadelphia Artillery Lieutenant, E. M. Church. Sergeant, H. J. M. Cardeza, Jr. Corporal, R. Morris. Corporal, R. Blythe. Drivers, W. H. Grove and H. L. Tompkins. Cannoneers, William M. Stewart 3d, E. G. Lavino, E. B. Schellenberger, and Miley. 217 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A FOURTH SECTION At the time of the strike in the anthracite coal regions of Pennsyl- vania, in the fall of 1902, the Battery was armed with eight Colt's auto- matic rapid-fire 30-30 calibre guns, mounted like small field pieces, with limber chests to seat two cannoneers. There were four sections of two guns each. The first three sections, under the commands of Lieutenants MacLeod, Church and Rambo, were detailed with the 1st, 3d and 6th Regiments Infantry, respectively, while I, at the time First Sergeant, was in command of the fourth section, detailed with the 2d Infantry, Colonel Henry C. Dechert, which was assigned to New Philadelphia to protect the Silver Creek Colliery and quell any disturbance which might arise in the neighboring towns of St. Clair, Middle- port, etc. My section consisted of Commissary 218 HB^^H^^^H^^Hj^H P3 h9^^ ^HHK "^V ^^i ^^^^^^^^Kb&^ '."j^.^^^f^ttW* vl ^^Hl ^A il Captain John G. Whitesides THE COAL STRIKE OF 1902 Sergeant C. M. P. Herring, Sergeant and Chief of Section J. R. McClure, Jr., Corporal N. McConnell, Acting Corporal Le R. Richards, Drivers E. M. Cheston, and A. F. Thornton, Cannoneers A. C. Colahan, W. L. Donaldson and T. McK. Henszey. We were encamped on Fur- nace Hill, a barren tract between the town of New Philadelphia and the Silver Creek Mine, and about a mile from either. Our camp, while on a line with the 2d Regiment non-commissioned staff offi- cers camps, was some distance away, and as we had the stable fly in the rear of our A-wall tents and our two pieces parked in front, we had a complete artillery camp on a small scale. We cooked our own mess under the able direction of Corporal McConnell, and ran a credit book at the Company store in the town, where we purchased every- thing we needed. Colonel Dechert left us to our own devices, only requiring that we be on 219 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A hand in case we were needed, and that a man be detailed each day as mounted orderly. This man's duties were very light, as he was seldom sent for by the Colonel and he acted as camp, stable and park guard and cook; remaining in camp when the section went out for the afternoon ride and target practice. These afternoons at home were quite popular, and we frequently came back to camp ravenously hungry, to find evening mess not started, and the Commissary Sergeant and the cook busy entertaining visitors. I remember on one occasion that "Rookie" Henszey was so engrossed with his self- appointed duty of host that he allowed the stew, which the head chef had pre- pared with great skill, to burn, and he was in the act of trying to concoct some- thing that he could palm off as the original creation, when the section arrived in camp, later and hungrier than usual, and he was "lit on" by Corporal McCon- 220 THE COAL STRIKE OF 1902 nell and done to a finish on the grill of his forceful eloquence. This entire tour of strike duty was a pleasant one, and in general the best possible feeling existed between the men of the Guard and the striking miners. The few exceptions to this occurred after the walking delegates of the Union had been around and had called a mass meeting and had filled the striking miners full of bad whiskey and seditious talk. It was after one of these visitations that I was called upon to send a mounted detail to patrol the town of Middleport, and maintain order until the infantry arrived, subsequent to a disturbance caused by the dynamiting of the homes of two non-union miners. The one incident of the tour which promised to furnish some real excitement occurred on the night of October 19th, when the guard at the railroad bridge was fired upon. A guard of one company of infantry was maintained at this point 221 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A day and night, as several attempts had been made prior to our arrival to destroy the bridge over Silver Creek with dyna- mite and thus put out of service the spur which connected the Silver Creek Colliery with the main line of the Reading Rail- road. It was shortly after midnight when I was awakened by hearing scattered shots, followed by volley firing in the direction of the town, and almost immediately the bugler at guard headquarters sounded the "general alarm." It was pouring rain and the mud was ankle deep, but the section was in line before the bugle had stopped sounding; for every man had gone to bed with his clothes on, including his overcoat, and it was only necessary to put on belt and revolver and campaign hat to be ready for work. The idea that there might be "something doing" accelerated the movements of everybody to the extent that the drivers had finished harnessing and were "stand- 222 H tr n o c r+ O r+ (-f n> Id ^ o o THE COAL STRIKE OF 1902 ing to horse," the cannoneers had uncov- ered the guns and filled the limber chests, and were "prepared to mount," and the chief of section had reported the "sec- tion in order," before some of the infan- try companies had finished calling their rolls; for we heard them answering their names in the company streets as we stood waiting for orders. Presently an infantry officer came splashing through the mud with a lantern, and expressing his surprise that we were prepared to move off, informed me that the first gun was to go with the batallion to be sent at once to the relief of the bridge guard, and the other gun was to remain with the reserve. The ofiicer retired and we sat waiting for the " dough boys " to get ready to move, when presently came an orderly to announce that everything was quiet and that we were to hold ourselves in readiness and remain "under arms" until morning. It appeared later that the guard had been fired upon and had fired 223 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A a few volleys in the general direction of the shots (which volley firing had been the preconcerted signal for relief), after which all had been quiet. Thus was lost our only chance, however remote, of getting into action with our "Colts," and we were afterwards as well satisfied, for the result of squirting a stream of lead into a crowd would not be one calculated to leave very pleasant mem- ories of our service in the anthracite coal regions during the big coal strike of 1902. J. G. Whitesides. 224 CHAPTER VIII The Gettysburg Camp of 1908 THE 1908 Division Encampment, Na- tional Guard of Pennsylvania, com- prised so many unusual features, that a narrative of its events and a record of its episodes may be interesting to some of its members. The writer, a sergeant in Troop A, as a member of the advance detail of his organization, left Philadelphia along with details from the other two Philadelphia Troops and the three Infantry Regi- ments of the Brigade on Wednesday, July 15, at 10 p. M. With the exception of an unfortunate accident on this trip, it was in other respects uneventful. About midway between Reading and Lebanon an arti- ficer in the 6th Regiment, after having been repeatedly warned to remain in the 225 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A car, disregarded these instructions and slipped from the platform between two cars, was run over, badly mangled, and instantaneously killed. His body was left at Lebanon and his death of course threw somewhat of a shadow over the opening of camp. Arriving on the ground, the cavalry troops found themselves in a different situation from that originally intended, but in a convenient and satisfactory part of the field. The ground, however, was exceedingly dry, the first three or four inches consisting of a powder-like dust, and it was almost impossible to drive a tent-peg so that it would hold firmly. It had not rained in Gettysburg for over five weeks previous to that time, and the fields and trees in the vicinity certainly gave evidence of the drought. We were told that prayers had been offered the previous Sunday in all the churches in Adams County for rain to save the crops. The camp opened auspiciously for 226 THE GETTYSBURG CAMP OF I908 the First Brigade on Saturday morning at nine o'clock, and our regular routine of duties was begun. During Saturday and Sunday the Troop did not leave its quarters, but straightened up camp so that it might be in perfect running order for the following week. On Mon- day the Troop was inspected for personal appearance by Lieutenant-Colonel Penny, and was congratulated upon its showing, which was one of the best the Troop has ever made. The men were well mounted and well set up, and generally military in their appearance, these points being commented upon by several officers who watched the inspection from Division headquarters. Tuesday and Wednesday mornings were devoted to troop drill, skirmish, extended order, advance and rear guard and cossack and picket posts. In the afternoon of those days the regiment was formed for evening parade, and reviewed by the commanding officer of 227 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A the provisional regiment, Captain Ott, the senior officer present. The regiment was formed as follows: FIRST SQUADRON First Troop P. C. C. Second Troop P.C.C. Troop "A" Captain Groome commanding SECOND SQUADRON Captain Warbur- ton command- ing Governor's Troop Sheridan Troop Troop F Lieutenant Thayer, First Troop, acted as Regimental Adjutant, and Sergeant Howell, Troop A, as Regimental Ser- geant-Major. On Thursday a manoeuvre problem was worked out in the country lying northwest of the camp. The topog- raphy of this stretch of country was well adapted to the practical instruction so much to be desired in National Guard encampments, and while mistakes were 228 j|4#,>jA. 4; A ^^MB ^^T/^jpiiP I^^P^"^ '.^^t^PtSBSKSs^' '-■ iX ~ ' - 'On Right into Line" "Dismount" THE GETTYSBURG CAMP OF I908 undoubtedly made by their officers, in the handling of the larger bodies of the troops, nevertheless a confidence is gained under these conditions which it is im- possible to create on the drill floor of an armory. As closely as possible the actual conditions of warfare are simu- lated, even to the extent of issuing a few rounds of ammunition to each man; the movements of the two opposing bodies are supposed to be unknown to each other until each exposes its posi- tion, and every man in the Troop felt that he was well repaid for the effort involved during the hottest morning of the week. During the afternoon of this day — Thursday the 23d — a very peculiar look- ing bank of clouds was piling up over the Blue Ridge in the west and south, and now and then as twilight approached the distant rumbling of thunder could be heard rolling up the valley. All the men thought little of a storm, as it was 229 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A their last night in camp, and their only duties still to be performed consisted of the extended order inspection the fol- lowing day. Nearly the whole Troop was gathered in the mess tent after sup- per, and were enjoying themselves by camp songs and other customary methods in camp at night. About half past nine a light, drizzling rain commenced to fall, which in ten minures increased to a heavy storm; with it came a strong southerly breeze, which, before we were able to prepare for it, had increased to a gale, and it may be safely estimated that the wind during ten minutes of this storm was blowing at the rate of seventy-five miles an hour. Accom- panying all these disturbances was a series of the most brilliant flashes of bluish lightning, each one attended by its clap of terrific thunder; the lightning was so frequent and vivid that the whole surrounding country for miles was lighted with a bluish glow, and the ground at 230 THE GETTYSBURG CAMP OF I908 our own camp was as bright as day, every part of our street being perfectly visible as though a stage calcium had been turned on it by unseen hands. As the men were huddled together in the mess tent for shelter, the stable tent at one end gave way and fell on the horses ; at once every man struck out in the face of the storm to do his best to protect the horses from stampede. Fortunately they were very quiet and stood, probably more scared than we realized, while the troopers lifted the canvas from off their rainsoaked backs. One by one, nearly every tent in the camp was up- rooted in the storm's path (with the exception of a few of the smaller tents), and the quartermaster's tent and every officer's tent went with the rest, leaving our personal equipment and property exposed to the blast. The men were up to their knees in water and every- thing they owned was drenched, but they all worked together for the common 231 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A good of saving as much property as pos- sible, each man to his task cheerfully and without complaint. The officers were particularly noticeable in this re- spect, and Captain MacLeod, with the men of his command, faced the storm at its height, an example to them all. The men finally built roaring fires and dried out the best they could, and slept, most of them in soaking wet clothes, until the dawn could bring such comfort as it might. The men all turned out the next morning unharmed by the wild- est night that some of them had ever spent or probably ever will, and went through a creditable inspection at nine o'clock. After returning from the field the men started to break camp, and this was quickly accomplished, in addition to helping the other Philadelphia troops to take down the canvas of two up-State troops, which had been left to dry before being moved from the ground. Our 232 Photo by Phillips Sludio Captain Korman MacLeod THE GETTYSBURG CAMP OF I908 Troop train left Gettysburg about 10.30 Friday night on schedule time and ar- rived in Philadelphia in the midst of another pouring rain, about five o'clock on Saturday morning. The men un- loaded the horses and equipment and marched to the Armory, most of them going to the seashore to recuperate from the effects of the week that had just ended. We were fortunate in being far enough removed from the infantry camp (which seems to have borne the brunt of the storm) to escape being struck. It was, however, very clear to all of us on Thurs- day night that the electrical discharges were sufficiently close and of absolutely inconceivable energy. The death of those officers and men who were struck by lightning and killed could not help but leave its effect upon the minds of every one of us and, as General Bowman, who commanded the Brigade in camp for the first time, so aptly put it — those 233 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A men died In the discharge of their duty as though they had been face to face with a human enemy. The theory that the steel ribs in the new issue of Puttee leggins made a man wearing them more subject to lightning stroke, to the writer's mind is an unten- able one, and the likelihood is that the combination of the amount of steel in the equipment, such as rifle barrels, etc., and the fact that the ground was covered with water, made the conditions nearly perfect for the sad accidents that did occur. Camp Alexander Hays will go down into history as the most tragic encamp- ment the Guard has ever held, and when it is recalled that more men were killed than during all the naval engagements of the Spanish-American war, it will be seen that peace has its terrors as well as war. Henry B. Cohen. 234 APPENDIX ROLL OF OFFICERS OF KEYSTONE BATTERY AND BATTERY A Captain John V. Creely. Rank from October 17, 1867. Commis- sion expired. Captain Stephen B. Poulterer. Rank from October 17, 1872. Commis- sion expired. Captain J. O. Winchester. Rank from October 16, 1877. Commis- sion expired. Captain Maurice C. Stafford. Rank from October 17, 1882. Re-elected October 17, 1887, and October 17, 1882. Resigned September 24, 1897. Captain Barclay Harding Warburton. Rank from January 17, 1898. Re-elected March 23, 1903; resigned October 29, 1907. Senior First Lieutenant Stephen B. Poulterer. Rank from October 17, 1867. To Captain. Senior First Lieutenant John Shaffner. Rank from October 17, 1872. Resigned January 31, 1876. 237 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Junior First Lieutenant John Roberts. Rank from October 26, 1 871. Resigned September 11, 1872. Junior First Lieutenant James O. Winchester. Rank from October 17, 1872. To Captain. First Lieutenant M. C. Stafford. Rank form October 16, 1877. Honorably discharged July 11, 188 1. First Lieutenant James A. Ford. Rank from June 24, 1879. Resigned October 3, 1882. First Lieutenant Maurice C. Stafford. Rank from September 19, 1882. To Captain. First Lieutenant Thomas L. Marshall. Rank from October 17, 1882. Re-elected October 17, 1887; resigned April 17, 1891. First Lieutenant Charles W. Marshall. Rank from June 20, 1887. Re-elected. July II, 1892, and July i, 1897. Dis- charged January 4, 1898. First Lieutenant Sheldon Potter. Rank from October 26, 1 891. To Judge Advocate First Brigade April 15, 1893. First Lieutenant H. LeGrand Ensign. Rank from June 8, 1893. Resigned September 24, 1897. 238 APPENDIX First Lieutenant Charles T. Cresswell. Rank from January 31, 1898. To Adju- tant, Third Regiment, March 3, 1899. First Lieutenant W. Howard Pancoast. Ranlc from January 31, 1898. Resigned August 24, 1899. First Lieutenant Norman MacLeod. Rank from October 30, 1899. Re-elected November i, 1904. To Captain. First Lieutenant Edgar M. Church. Rank from October 30, 1899. Resigned October 29, 1902. First Lieutenant Albert Sidney Rambo Rank from January 19, 1903. Resigned February 15, 1907. Senior Second Lieutenant James T. Bingham. Rank from October 17, 1867. Commis- sion expired. Senior Second Lieutenant John McClintock. Rank from October 17, 1872. Resigned January 31, 1876. Junior Second Lieutenant Cornelius Cuyler Campbell. Rank from October 26, 1871. Resigned September 12, 1872. 239 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Junior Second Lieutenant Charles W. Schuel- lerman. Rank from October 17, 1872. Resigned March 10, 1876. Second Lieutenant James A. Ford. Rank from October 16, 1877. To First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant Thomas L. Marshall. Rank from June 24, 1879. Resigned October 9, 1882. Second Lieutenant C. W. Marshall. Rank from October 17, 1882. To First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant H. LeGrand Ensign. July II, 1892; to First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant John G. Hollick. Rank from June 8, 1893. Discharged January 4, 1898. Second Lieutenant Clarence R. Lewis. Rank from January 28, 1898. To Second Lieutenant and Quartermaster, September 26, 1899. Second Lieutenant Albert Sidney Rambo. Rank from November 6, 1899. To First Lieutenant. Second Lieutenant John G. Whitesides. Rank from January 19, 1903. To First Lieutenant. 240 APPENDIX Second Lieutenant and Quartermaster Albin M. Robbins. Rank from October 24, 1899. Reap- pointed October 17, 1892; resigned Feb- ruary 8, 1895. Second Lieutenant and Quartermaster Charles H. Harvey. Rank from February 18, 1895. Commis- sion expired. Second Lieutenant and Quartermaster Charles R. Lewis. Rank from January 28, 1898. To Second Lieutenant; recommissioned; resigned July 10, 1900. Second Lieutenant and Quartermaster Parker Ross Grubb. Rank from July 10, 1900. Commission expired. First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon Wm. W. Lamb. Rank from November 12, 1883. Ap- pointed August 31, 1888; resigned March 17, 1892. First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon Dwight Bailey Fuller, Jr. Rank from June 4, 1892. Resigned May 26, 1894. 241 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon Herbert A. Arnold. Rank from February 4, 1895. Commis- sion expired. First Lieutenant and Assistant Surgeon Archi- bald G. Thomson. Rank from March 2, 1893. Appointed January 28, 1898; to Brigade Surgeon, 1898. // OFFICERS OF TROOP A Warburton, Barclay H. Elected Captain, January 17, 1898. Re- elected Captain January 17, 1903. Re- signed October 29, 1907. Church, Edgar M. Enlisted February i, 1898. Discharged May 6, 1898. Elected First Lieutenant October 30, 1899. Resigned October 29, 1902. Rambo, Albert S. Enlisted February 7, 1898. Promoted Sergeant, April 13, 1899. Promoted First Sergeant, November 6, 1899. Elected Second Lieutenant, November 242 APPENDIX 6, 1899. Elected First Lieutenant, Jan- uary 19, 1903. Resigned February 15, 1907. MacLeod, Norman. Enlisted February 10, 1898. Elected First Lieutenant, October 30, 1899. Re- elected, October 30, 1904. Elected Cap- tain, November 11, 1907. Resigned May 14, 1910. Re-elected Captain, October 25, 1910, to date from November 11, 1907. Resigned July 12, 191 1. McClure, James R., Jr. Enlisted March 29, 1898. Promoted Corporal, March 19, 1900. Promoted Sergeant, December 3, 1900. Promoted First Sergeant, February 9, 1903. Elected Second Lieutenant, November 11, 1907. Resigned June 22, 1907. Whitesides, John G. Enlisted April 5, 1898. Elected Second Lieutenant, January 19, 1903. Elected First Lieutenant, November 11, 1907. Elected Captain, June 6, 1910. Resigned September 29, 1910. Grubb, Parker R. Enlisted April 18, 1899. Elected Second Lieutenant, Quartermaster, July 10, 1900. Discharged July 11, 1900. 243 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Davis, George H., Jr. Enlisted January 20, 1902. Promoted Corporal, May 9, 1903. Promoted Ser- geant, January 26, 1904. Promoted First Sergeant, November 14, 1907. Elected Second Lieutenant, July 6, 1909. Resigned July 7, 1910. Colahan, Arthur C. Enlisted June 5, 1902. Promoted Cor- poral, December 22, 1903. Promoted Sergeant, May 27, 1904. Promoted First Sergeant, June 7, 1910. Elected Second Lieutenant, July 8, 1910. Elected Cap- tain, November 6, 191 1. Smith, F. Gurney. Enlisted May 11, 1903. Promoted Cor- poral, December 22, 1903. Promoted Sergeant, March i, 1904. Promoted First Sergeant, July 6, 1909. Elected First Lieutenant, June 6, 1910. Resigned October 16, 191 1. Wattles, William P. Enlisted April 12, 1904. Promoted Cor- poral, June 22, 1907. Promoted Ser- geant, March 24, 1909. Elected Second Lieutenant, November 6, 191 1. 244 Captain Arthur C. Colahan APPENDIX Hoopes, Edward. Enlisted June 23, 1904. Promoted Ser- geant, June 19, 1911. Elected First Lieutenant, November 6, 191 1. /// DIRECTORY OF NON-ACTIVE MEM- BERS OF BATTERY A— TROOP A— FROM 1898 TO DATE (Owing to the great confusion of the rolls of the Keystone Battery no attempt has been made to arrange any directory before the Spanish War. The rolls of 1863-4 ^re contained in another part of this volume.) Abercrombie, Robert Patterson, . Adams, Robert Neff, care of Life, 19 West Thirty- first Street, New York. (Artist.) Alexander, Morton R., 2046 Pine Street, Phila- delphia. Builders' Exchange Building. Allen, William R., P. O. Box 477, Philadelphia. Anderson, John William, Sergeantsville, N. J. Atkins, William, Jr., The Belgravia. North American Building. (Coal operator.) 24s THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Bacon, Charles C, 5337 Knox Street, Tacony, Phila. Baird, John, Haverford, Pa. Babcock, Lewis H., Boston, Mass. 700 Main Street, Cambridge, Mass. (President, Bab- cock, Sanborn & Davis Co.) Bayard, George Livingstone, Navy Department, Washington, D. C. (Chaplain, United States Navy.) Barrett, William P., . Barrett, Alexander G., . Brown, Owsley, Springfield, 111. (President, Springfield Boiler & Mfg. Co.) Baldwin, William Sage, 170 South Broadway, Nyack, N. Y. 41 Park Row, New York. (Mining Engineer.) Bridges, Harry, 32 South Sixtieth Street, Phila- delphia. Baltzell, Edward Digby, Wyncote, Pa. 326 Walnut Street, Philadelphia. (Insurance.) Bristol, Cameron Handel, 3125 West Penn Street, Philadelphia. Buckner, Charles, Jr., 4447 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. Bartholomew, George Pomeroy, 142 East Eight- eenth Street, New York. 60 Broadway, New York. (Mining Engineer.) 246 APPENDIX Bullock, James Maxwell, "The Aldine," Phila- delphia. 242 Chestnut Street. (Manager for Drug House.) Brockie, Arthur Howell, 646 Westview Avenue, Philadelphia. Boltz, John Clymer, 99 Bay Street, Tampa, Fla. (Boltz, Clymer & Co., Cigar Manufacturers.) Bodine, Alexander Nixon, Fountain- Woods Farm, Burlington, N. J. (Farmer.) Blythe, Richard H., 5816 Morris Street, Phila- delphia. 308 Chestnut Street. (Cotton and Silk Broker.) Bettle, Samuel, Jr., Ardmore, Pa. Land Title Building, Philadelphia. Bartram, Edwin Bunting, Wayne, Pa. 200 North Third Street, Philadelphia. (Manu- facturer.) Bright, Harris L., . Blackmore, George C, . Boyd, Albert D., Uniontown, Pa. Boyle, Samuel A., Rydal Station, Pa. Fifteenth and Walnut Streets, Philadelphia. (Banker.) Brewer, Edward H., . Brooke, George H., 1932 Spruce Street, Phila- delphia. Brooke, Robert H., care of G. N. Brooke, 1932 Spruce Street, Philadelphia. 247 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Brown, H. H., 422 South Forty-second Street, Philadelphia. (Physician.) Crowell, John R., — - Custis, Howard Hansell, Malvern, Pa. Cooper, Horace, 2123 De Lancey Street, Phila- delphia. 311 Walnut Street. (Insurance.) Campbell, Robert Morton, 500 North Broad Street. (Assistant Manager, Electric Loco- motive Department, Baldwin Locomotive Works.) Cohen, Henry Barnet, 334 South Twenty-first Street, Philadelphia. 500 Ludlow Street. (Paper Business.) Cummings, Thomas P., care of National Surety Company, 115 Broadway, New York. Cresswell, Charles T., 2122 Locust Street, Phila- delphia. 10 South Eighteenth Street. (Artist.) Crawford, John DeM., 612 Royal Street, New Orleans, La. Cortright, Henry Kennedy, 504 Westview Street. Philadelphia. Pennsylvania Building. (Coal Operator.) Church, Edgar M., 2046 Locust Street, Philadel- phia. 1420 Chestnut Street. (Merchant.) Cheston, Alexander Randall, 48 East Willow Grove Avenue, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. 248 APPENDIX Chew, Arthur C, 712 Chestnut Street, Phila- delphia. Cheyney, Edward Lafourcade, Cheyney, Dela- ware County, Pa. 2344 Oliver Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. Coates, Crawford, P. O. Box 1135, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. (Architect.) Crowhurst, Ernst M., 704 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia. Collins, R. Z., 638 Cooper Street, Camden, N. J, Carpenter, Clarence J., 323 South Frazier Street, Philadelphia. Stephen Greene Printing Com- pany, Sixteenth and Arch Streets. Cardeza, H. J. M., 2125 Walnut Street, Phila- delphia. Caldwell, James Henry, Titusville, Pa. Robin- son, 111. (Producing Oil.) Chapman, Charles J., Warminster, Bucks Co., Pa. (Farmer.) Cheston, D. Murray, Harwood P. O., Md. War Department, Washington, D. C. (First Lieutenant, Seventeenth United States In- fantry.) Cheston, Edward M., care of Glendenning & Co. Fourth and Chestnut Streets, Philadelphia. Colfelt, Joseph N., Travellers' Club, Paris, France. Douglas, Henry R., M.D., 26 North Eighteenth Street, Harrisburg, Pa. (Physician.) 249 THE HISTORY OF BATTERY A Dornan, Robert, 2d, Wayne, Pa. Dornan, John P., Jefferson and Mascher Streets, Philadelphia. Dixon, Charles J. B., Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Donaldson, Wharton L., 1518 Sansom Street, Philadelphia. Dewing, Hiram E., . Doughten, Isaac, care of F. P. Abercrombie, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia. Denegre, James M., care of E. G. Lavino, Bullitt Building, Philadelphia. Davis, George Harry, Jr., 109 Allen Lane, Phila- delphia. 1839 East Madison Street. Douglas, James Bacon, Swarthmore, Pa. United Gas Improvement Company, Philadelphia. (Manager, Claim Department.) Doland, Charles McClure, M.D., 215 East Ninth Avenue, Spokane, Wash. 201 Traders' Bank Building. (Physician.) Davisson, Henry L., 210 West Fourth Street, N. Y. 1600 Broadway, New York. (Elec- trical Engineer.) Damon, James G., 326 Benefit Street, Provi- dence, R. I. 6 Washington Row. (Cotton Salesman.) DuBarry, Joseph N., Jr., 2017 Spruce Street, Philadelphia. 250 ■a o o o STB 3 cr H^ O \0 X) " cr o n O'