CORNELL 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 LIBRARY 
 
 THE 
 
 CHARLES WILLIAM WASON 
 
 COLLECTION ON CHINA 
 
 AND THE CHINESE 
 
Cornell University 
 Library 
 
 The original of tliis book is in 
 tlie Cornell University Library. 
 
 There are no known copyright restrictions in 
 the United States on the use of the text. 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022946705 
 
JOSEPH HARDY NEESIMA 
 
JOSEPH HARDY NEESIMA 
 
Joseph Hardy Neesima 
 
A SKETCH OF THE LIFE 
 
 OF 
 
 Rev. JOSEPH HARDY NEESIMA, LLD. 
 
 PRESIDENT OF DOSHISHA 
 
 BY 
 
 Rev. JEROME DEAN DAVIS, D.D. 
 
 I'ROFESSOR OF THEOLOGY IN DOSHISHA 
 
 KYOTO : 
 
 DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY 
 
 Lt> i II. 
 
 ■■ .AkY 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 - , »^.»-. . . 
 
 The life, character and work of our brother who 
 was so recently " called up higher," were remark- 
 able and unique ; much of his life was spent in our 
 midst here in K5roto. For over fourteen years, it 
 was my privilege to be very intimately associated 
 with him, and I have been asked to prepare a brief 
 sketch of his life which may perhaps serve as an 
 introduction to larger works which will doubtless 
 be published later both in Japan and in the United 
 States, 
 
 In preparing this sketch, I have consulted Dr. 
 Neesima's diar^^ written before he left his home for 
 Hakodate, while on the voyage thither, and in 
 Hakodate, up to the day he sailed from that place 
 on his great quest for truth, and also a copy of 
 the brief sketch of his life, written by the late Miss 
 Phebe Fuller McKeen, one of his sabbath school 
 teachers ; this sketch was written after Dr. Neesima 
 had been in Philips Academy, Andover, Mass., 
 about a year. I have quoted freely from the latter 
 in the first chapter and the beginning of the second, 
 using Dr. Neesima's own words in broken English 
 which he wrote out, or which his teacher above 
 
II Preface. 
 
 referred to, copied from his lips before he had had 
 an opportunity to master the EngHsh language. I 
 have also quoted from his journal written on his 
 trip around the world in 1884, 5; I also quote 
 feely from letters received from our brother during- 
 the last fifteen years, and I give in some detail the 
 history of the founding of the Doshisha Schools, the 
 great work of Dr. Neesima's life. 
 
 His presence with us has been a blessing, and 
 his memory is a benediction to us all. My hope 
 and prayer is that God may use this sketch for his 
 own glory in the advancement of his Kingdom in 
 Japan. 
 
 J. D. Davis. 
 
 Doshisha, Kyoto, P^ebruary, i8go. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 Chapter First ; Birth, Early Surrounding's and 
 
 Start from Japan i 
 
 Chapter Second ; Trials and Preparation ... 15 
 
 Chapter Third ; Laying Foundation 35 
 
 Chapter Fourth ; Marriage ; Trials, Work ... 49 
 Chapter Fifth ; Broadening- Plans ; Tour 
 
 Abroad 73 
 
 Chapter Sixth ; Last Days of Work ; Sickness, 
 
 Death and Burial 117 
 
 Chapter Seventh ; Meditations, Character, 
 
 Lessons 129 
 
 Appendix i59 
 
I. 
 
 BIRTH, EARLY SURROUNDINGS AND 
 START FROM JAPAN. 
 
^'' Now the Lord said unto Abram^ Get thee out of the country, 
 and from thy kindred, and from thv fathers house^ unto the land 
 that I will show thee." Genesis^ XII. i. 
 
 " God Tnoves in u mysterious way. 
 
 '■^ His wonders to perform." Cowper. 
 
 " Faith is ?zothing else but the souVs venture." W. Bridge 
 
 Rashly. 
 '■'■ A7id praised be rashness, for it, — let us know, 
 *' Our indiscretion sometimes serves us well, 
 " When our deep plots do pall ; and that should teach us, 
 " Theres's a divinity that shapes our ends, 
 '■^ Rough heiv them hoiv we will." 
 
 Shakespeare* 
 
CHAPTER FIRST. 
 
 The ancestors of Mr. Neesima were of the samurai 
 class, the retainers of a Daimio of Joshii, an in- 
 terior province, with the Daimiate at Annaka about 
 seventy-five miles from Tokyo. His father, however, 
 lived with his lord in Tokyo at the time of Mr. 
 Neesima's birth and until after he went away to 
 America. His father taught a school for the boys 
 among the families of the retainers, and also assisted 
 in keeping the accounts and in other writing in the 
 office of the Daimio. 
 
 Mr. Neesima. was born in Tokyo, January 14th, 
 1843. He was ten years old when Com. Perry 
 first entered the bay of Yedo. He was early taught 
 to read and write Chinese, and later, the sword 
 exercise. He was also taught to worship the family 
 gods which stood upon the shelf of a room in the 
 house. From the time he was about fifteen years 
 old, however, he refused to worship these idols. He 
 could see for himself that they were only "whittled 
 ones" and that they never touched the food and 
 drink which he offered them. The family consisted, 
 besides himself, of a younger brothe who died 
 while he was in America, and four sisters, only one 
 
4 Birth, Early Surroundings 
 
 of whom survives. Mr. Neesima's father died three 
 years ago, and his mother still lives at the age of 
 eighty-four. 
 
 The quotations below are from Mr. Neesima's im- 
 perfect English, as copied by Miss McKeen before 
 he had been in America a year. 
 
 About the time he was sixteen years old, he was 
 going into his study of the Chinese language with 
 great enthusiasm when his prince, "picked up me 
 to write his daily book, although it would not had 
 been my desire, I was obliged to go up his office." 
 A new light dawned upon him about this time. 
 " A day my comrade sent me a Atlas of United 
 States, which was written in Chinese letter by some 
 American minister. I read it many times, and I 
 was wondered so much as my brain would melted 
 out of my head, because I liked it x'er}^ much ; 
 picking one president, building free schools, poor- 
 houses, house of correction and machine working, 
 and so forth, and I thought that a government 
 of every country must be as Predsident of United 
 States, and mourned myself that a governor of 
 Japan, why you keep down us, as a dog, or a 
 pig ? We Eire people of Japan ; if you govern us, 
 you must love us as your children. From that time 
 I wished to learn American knowledge, but, alas ! 
 I could not got any teacher to learn it. Although 
 I would not like to learn Holland, I was obliged 
 
and Start from Japan. 5 
 
 to learn it, because so many of my countrymen 
 understood to read it." 
 
 But it was difficult for him to find time for the 
 study of Dutch. " Once when his prince had, for 
 the second time, caug-ht him running away from the 
 office, to go to his Dutch teacher, and had given 
 him a flogging for it, he asked, ' Why you run out 
 from here again ' ? When I answered him that ' I 
 wish to learn foreign knowledge, because foreigners 
 have got best knowledge, and I hope to understand 
 very quickly ; therefore, tho I know I must stay here 
 and reverence your law, my soul went to my master's 
 house to learn it, and my body was obliged to go 
 thither too.' Then he said to me very kindly, ' You 
 can write Japan very well, and you can learn your- 
 self enough with it ; if you don't run away from 
 here any more, I will give you more wages. With 
 what reason will you like foreign knowledge? Per- 
 haps it will mistake yourself.' ' I said to him sooner, 
 why will it mistake myself? I guess every one must 
 take some knowledge. If a man has not any know- 
 ledge, I will worth him as a dog or a pig.' Then 
 he laughed and said me 'You are a stable boy.' " 
 
 " This was not the only time that thirst for 
 knowledge brought him both ridicule and blows. 
 His family and acquaintances thought him very 
 foolish to be craving needless knowledge, still he 
 ' never took care to them,' and, ' held his stableness 
 
6 Birth, Early Surroundings 
 
 very fast.' His work increased, however, so that he 
 had no time for study and this cost him ' many 
 musings in my head ' ; and at last he became fairly 
 sick with thwarted purposes and unsatisfied longings. 
 After various efforts to cure him, his physician told 
 him, 'Your sickness comes from your mind; you 
 must try to destroy your warm mind, and must 
 take walk for the healthfulness of your body, and it 
 would bo more better than many medicine,' ' My 
 prince gave me plenty times to feed my weakness, 
 and my father gave me some money to play myself'; 
 all of which he devoted to the study of Dutch, and 
 ' a small Book of Nature ' which fell into his hands, 
 delighted him so much that it proved, ' more better 
 to my sickness than doctor's medicines.' " 
 
 So health came back, and with it came the busy 
 days and studious nights. In his Book of Nature 
 he met with some things he was imable to under- 
 stand, because he had never studied Arithmetic, so 
 he went to an Arithmetic school vmtil he had 
 mastered enough to go through his Book of Nature 
 intelligently' " Here are some reflections of this 
 young seeker after knowledge in his own words. 
 ' Some day I went to the seaside of Yedo, hoping to 
 see the view of the sea. I saw largest man of war 
 of Dutch lying there, and she seemed to me as a 
 castle, or as a battery, and I thought, too, tliat she 
 would be strong enough to fight with enemy. While 
 
and Start from Japan. 7 
 
 I look upon her, one reflection came upon my head, 
 that we must open navy, because my country is 
 surrounded by water, and if foreigners fight to my 
 country, we must fight with them at sea, but I made 
 other reflection, too ; that, since foreigners trade price 
 of everything- get high, the country get poor; there- 
 fore, because the countrymen don't understand to do 
 trade with foreigners, therefore we must know to do 
 trade, and we must learn foreign knowledge. But 
 the government's law neglected all my thoughts and 
 I cried out myself, 'Why government? why not let 
 us be free ? why let. us be as a bird in a cage, or 
 as a rat in a bag?'" 
 
 " So he set to work in a government marine school 
 whenever he could get away from his work, seeking 
 information which he might turn to account for his 
 country in the future. He had just made a good 
 beginning in navigation when night study injured his 
 eyes so that he was obliged to leave books entirely 
 for a year and a half, ' Which would not come 
 again in my life.' He had hardly recovered from 
 this trouble so as to resume his place in his prince's 
 office, when he was beset with measles, and his eyes, 
 in consequence, ' began to spoil again,' so that he 
 was obliged to spend many times very vainly." 
 " When he did begin to use his eyes again, however, 
 it was to some purpose. ' A day I visited my friend, 
 and I found out small Holy Bible in his library. 
 
8 Eirtli, Early Snrrowidings 
 
 that was written by some American minister in China 
 language and had shown only the most remarkable 
 events of it. I lend it from him and read it at 
 night. I was afraid the savage country's law, which 
 if I read the Bible, will cross' i.e. crucify ' my whole 
 family.' " 
 
 " This abridgement of the Bible contained little 
 but the grand facts of creation and redemption, and 
 these were entirely new to this earnest young soul 
 who pored o\'er its pages," The opening sentence 
 of this book was, " In the beginning God created 
 the heavens and the earth." " He says, ' I put 
 down the book and look around me, saying. I Who 
 made me, my parents? No, my God. God made 
 my parents and let them make me. Who made my 
 table ? A carpenter ? No, my God. God let trees 
 grow upon the earth; although a carpenter made up 
 this table, it indeed came from trees ; then I must 
 be thankful to God, I must believe him, and I must 
 be upright against him.'" He at once recognized 
 his Maker's claim to love and obedience and began 
 to yield them; he prayed, "Oh! if you have eyes 
 look upon me ; if you have ears listen for me." It 
 was a long time after this, however, that he first 
 learned to pray as a man talketh with his friend. 
 
 " From this time his mind was fulfilled to read 
 Englisli Bible, and he ' burned to find some teacher, 
 or missiiMiary,' who could teach him." 
 
and Start from Japan. 9 
 
 " His father was disturbed by his boy's new 
 notions and certain that he would get the whole 
 family into trouble, and on asking- permission of his 
 prince and his parents to go to Hakodate, where he 
 hoped to meet some Englishman or American, he 
 got not only a refusal, but a flogging. Still, ' my 
 stableness did not destroy by their expostulations.' 
 He next applied to a relative of his prince, a noble, 
 higher in authority and rank than he, and got leave 
 from him to go in one of his prince's vessels to 
 Hakodate." Now he had gained his point, neither 
 his father nor his prince could prevent him. 
 
 This was in March 1864, and when he heard this 
 news, he exclaimed, " Oh heaven does not cast me 
 off, the great point of my business is in this one 
 thing," and he jumped for joy. He went to his 
 room, divided up his things and packed up a bundle 
 of those he wanted to take with him, but he could 
 not sleep at all till morning, and on March i ith, 
 old style, "with great paint but with a resolute heart, 
 he left his family in tears and started on his search 
 for truth, ' not thinking, that when monej^ was gone, 
 how would I eat and dress myself, but only casting 
 myself on the providence of God.' " 
 
 On the i3th, the ship sailed away from the harbor 
 and he was on the great ocean. He had told his' 
 mother, the he would be gone a j'ear, he thought, 
 but he little suspected then, that it would be inore 
 
10 Birth, Early Surroundings 
 
 than ten years before he would again see his native 
 city, and look into the faces of those he loved. His 
 diary for the next seven weeks is intensely interesting. 
 The sailing junk in which he went, stopped at many 
 of the principal towns, along the coast, cis Uraga, 
 Sendai, Kumagasaki, etc , to survey the harbors, or 
 to escape storms. Our young voyager was now 
 twenty-one years old, and he made good use of his 
 time in seeking for all the information possible about 
 each of these places. His diary contains a minute 
 description of each one of them, a map of the har- 
 bor, the governor's name, the number of counties 
 into which the province is divided, if a castle town, 
 the condition of the castle, and the history of the 
 province ; the size of the towm, its taxes, whether 
 light or heavy, the productions of the place, what 
 kinds of woods are produced, what kinds of fish are 
 exported, etc., etc. 
 
 He is surprised at the great abundance of the 
 rice-whisky, or sake, which was retaild at three 
 cents a quart. There was one other item which he 
 recorded in this diary concerning these places, which 
 I wish those foreigners, who, after a brief residence 
 in Japan, go home and report that its morality is 
 superior to that of Christian lands, could read or 
 see for themselves. His picture of the number of 
 prostitutes in these trading towns is a fearful one, 
 too fearful, some of it, to reproduce here. In one 
 
and Stfurt from Japan. 1 1 
 
 of these towns, he says there were from two to four 
 of these women in each house in the town ; he was 
 greatly astonished and shocked at it himself, al- 
 though he freely in dulged in sake drinking with 
 his comrades while in these harbors. 
 
 April 2 1 St, old style, he reached Hakodate, then 
 an open port, with English, American and Russian 
 consulates in it. Young Neesima was, however, 
 doomed to disappointment at first, as he sought in 
 vain for any teacher of English, and his small funds 
 melted away very fast and he was obliged to look 
 about him for means to feed the outer man, as well 
 as the inner. In this he was successful, as he fell 
 in with Pere Nicolai, the Russian priest who has 
 since so successfully taught the religion of the Greek 
 Church, in Japan. Nicolai was glad to secure his 
 services as a teacher of Japanese, so he removed to 
 Nicolai's house, and began his work. 
 
 He found a few wide awake young Japanese among 
 the acquaintances he made, and among them a clerk 
 in an English store who could speak English tolerably 
 weU, and who played a most important part in the 
 next great act in the drama of Neesima's life. As 
 he met with these young friends from time to time, 
 and told them of his intense desire to learn foreign 
 knowledge, they encouraged him, and on account 
 of the great difficulties connected with learning it in 
 Japan, the idea came to young Neesima's mind of 
 
 
1 2 Birth, Early Siirroitndmgs 
 
 leaving the country altogether. The more he saw 
 of his native land, the more he longed to be able 
 to " 'bring a light into the darkness' ; but it was a 
 very serious question ; if he left the country, death 
 would be his only welcome back. To go was to 
 adventure himself, a penniless wanderer with an 
 unknown tongue, into a vast inysterious world of 
 which he only knew that truth was there. Worst 
 of all, it would bring grief and fear, possibly danger 
 and death, into the home he loved." He spent 
 much time in thinking over this momentous question ; 
 he discharged his duty as a teacher to Pere Nico- 
 lai faithfuU})-, and as his employer went every day 
 to the Russian hospital to have his ej^es treated, 
 young Neesima went with him, and in his diarjs 
 he describes in minute detail, all the appointments 
 of this hospital, its buildings, its beds, its diet, its 
 medicines, and most of all, the fact that the poor 
 were treated without money and without price, made 
 a deep impression upon his mind. The more he 
 studied over the great question, the more he felt im- 
 pelled to leave his country ; he even gradually found 
 reasons to justify him in going, notwithstanding 
 the strong filial ties which bound him to his parents 
 and friends. "He says, ' One reflection ccLme upon 
 my head, that although my parents made and fed 
 me, I belong indeed to heavenly Fatlier ; therefore 
 I must believe him and I must run in his way ; 
 
and Start from Japan. 1 3 
 
 then I began to search some vessel to get out from 
 the countrJ^' " 
 
 If every soul was as loyal to truth as was this 
 one, as earnestly seeking it, as loj^ally obeying and 
 following it, this world would soon become the very 
 gate of heaven indeed. The young friend in the 
 foreign store who could speak English finally secured 
 for Neesima a passage in an American schooner 
 bound for Shanghai. It was necessary to get away 
 with the utmost secrecy. He made all his arrange- 
 ments, picked out a small bundle of his clothes 
 which he could carry on his back ; he had a letter 
 written, purporting to come from his brother in 
 Tokyo, saying that his father was very sick, and 
 that he must hurry home. Providentially, Pere 
 Nicolai had gone away out of town, but he showed 
 the letter to his servants and to some others and 
 removed all his goods to a friend's house. Toward 
 evening, he took his little bundle of clothes and 
 met his three friends for the last time that evening. 
 They had a supper together, passed around the sake 
 cup in token of friendship, Neesima wrote a short 
 poem, all wished him well and wished they were 
 going too, and bade him good bye. Thus the 
 hours were spent until near midnight, when our 
 young hero, dressed as a servant, with his bundle 
 on his back, sallied out into the darkness, foUowingr 
 one of his friends who was dressed as a samurai 
 
1 4 Birth, Early Surroimdings 
 
 with his two swords in plain sight. They wended 
 their way by back streets down to the waters's edge 
 in a lonely spot, where his friends had a small boat 
 waiting for him ; he was placed in the bottom of 
 the boat and covered up, with orders to appear as 
 a woman who was being taken out to the ship, if 
 they were hailed. It was now midnight, " a whisper- 
 ed word of parting, hushed footsteps, the muffled 
 dip of an oar, and the true hearted young patriot 
 who went to seek light and blessing for Ms country, 
 had stolen away from her shores like a culprit," 
 and was on an American schooner. This was June 
 14th, 1864, old style, but July i8th, new style. 
 
II. 
 
 TRIALS AND PREPARATION: 
 
" Wherein ye greatly rejoice, the now for a little while, if need 
 he^ ve have been -put to grief in manifold temptations, that the proof 
 of your faith ^ being 77zare preciozcs than gold that perisheth iho it is 
 proved by fire, might be found zcnto praise and glory and honor at 
 the revelation of Jesus Christ." I-Pet. 7. 6. 7. 
 
 " A reveled rainbow overhead, 
 
 " Lets down to life its varying thread, 
 
 ''^Love's bhce, joy's go'd, and fair between, 
 
 '■'■Hope's shifting light of emerald green: 
 
 " While either side^ in deep relief 
 
 " A crimson pain, ^ violet gr^fl 
 
 " WoiUdst thau amid their gleaming hues 
 
 " Clutch afier those and these refiise ? 
 
 '■'■ Believe I as thy beseeching eyes 
 
 *' Follow their lines and sottnd the skies, 
 
 " There, where the fadeless glories shine, 
 
 " An zinseen angel, twists the twijie, 
 
 " And be thou sure, what tint soe'er, 
 
 " The sitnbeams' broken ravs may wear, 
 
 " It needs thejn all, that broad and white, 
 
 " God's love may weave the perfect light." 
 
 Mrs, A. D. 7. Whitney. 
 
 " Through black waves and stormy blast, 
 
 " And out of the fog-wreath dense and dim, 
 
 " Guided and held shall the vessel run, 
 
 *' Gain the fair haven, night being past, 
 
 *' And anchor in the sun." Susan Coolidge. 
 
CHAPTER SECOND 
 
 Our young friend was cordially received on board 
 the schooner by the kind hearted Captain, but he 
 could not sleep any that night, and in the early morn- 
 ing; Japanese officials were seen coming to search the 
 ship, to make sure that no Japanese was secreted on 
 board. The Captain hid Mr. Neesima in his own 
 private room, under a pile of clothes. The officers 
 came, and searched the ship, even coming to the 
 Captain's room, but our hero was not discovered, and 
 the ship weighed anchor, spread her sails and moved 
 out to sea. 
 
 And now our young exile began to think what he 
 had done. He had written a long letter to his prince 
 telling him of his decision, he had written another to 
 his home friends, -urging them not to mourn, that all 
 would come out right ; but as he passed out to sea, 
 and saw the mountains of his loved land fade from his 
 vision and disappear, very sad thoughts filled a very 
 heavy heart. To add to his anguish, he was expected 
 to do servile work on the ship, and as he had never 
 done any such work, but had always had servants to 
 wait on him, his samurai blood rebelled. Once or 
 twice when he was rudely ordered by the sailors to do 
 
1 8 Triak and Preparation. 
 
 some menial work, he thought of seizing his sword 
 and cutting down the men who seemed to be insul- 
 ting him, but as he reflected that he could not thus 
 realize his great purpose, he calmed his passions and 
 meekly submitted to the indignity. Again, he had 
 less than four dollars in money when he came on 
 board, and this ship would only go as far as Shang- 
 hai. What should he do then ? 
 
 " He had a very disagreeable passage to Shanghai, 
 and he was there for ten days in great doubt and fear 
 lest he should be betrayed and taken back to Japan ; 
 but finally, he had the joy of finding an American 
 vessel bound for Boston. By much effort, he suc- 
 ceeded in making the Captain understand that he 
 would be glad to do anything, and ask no other pay 
 than to be taken to America, and, ' I begged him if 
 I get to America, please let me go to a school, and 
 take good education.' So the Captain took him as 
 his own servant, dressed him in foreign costume." 
 gave him the name, Jo, " and on the voyage taught 
 him navigation and English." 
 
 "The voyage was a long and roundabout one, 
 however, to the goal of his wishes. The Wild Rover 
 sailed along the coast of China to Manila and Saigon, 
 trading here and there for eight months, before turn- 
 ing towards home. While they lay in the harbor of 
 Hongkong, Mr. Neesima found the New Testament 
 in Chinese; he felt that he must have it, but how should 
 
Trials and Preparation. ig 
 
 he g-et it, since he had promised to ask the Captain for 
 no money? He thoug-ht of his two swords, and he final- 
 ly exchanged his short sword for the New Testament. 
 
 At last, sails were set for the West, and in four 
 months from that time, the land of promise dawned 
 upon our wanderer." 
 
 During his life of a year, on the Wild Rover, as 
 Mr. Neesima told the writer, he began to read his 
 New Testament in the Chinese language ; it is hard 
 work for an educated Japanese to read the Chinese 
 books unless they have been printed for Japanese 
 eyes, as the arrang-ement of words in a sentence is 
 very different in the two languages. He could only 
 spell out the meaning, but he began at Matthew and 
 read on in course through Matthew, Mark and Luke, 
 and in the midst of the voyage he came to the six- 
 teenth verse of the third chapter of John, " God so 
 loved the world that he gave his only begotten Son, 
 that whosoever believeth on him shall not perish but 
 have eternal life," and this made a very deep impres- 
 sion upon him, and he felt that this was just such a 
 Savior as he needed. 
 
 His faith and patience were sorely tried on the long 
 voyage, and when he reached the harbor of Boston, 
 it seemed to him as if he was to be bafHed. '" Direct- 
 ly after coming into port at Boston, the Captain 
 hurried down to Cape Cod to see his friends, and for 
 ten weeks, young Neesima was left. ' with rough and 
 
20 Trials and Preparation. 
 
 godless men who kept the ship,' doing hard, heavy- 
 work, such as he had never been accustomed to do. 
 Beside this, everybody he met on the wharf fright- 
 ened him ; they told him, ' Nobody on shore will 
 receive you, because since the war, the price of 
 everything got high ; ah ! you must go to sea again.' 
 ' I thought too,' he says, 'that I must work pretty 
 well for my eating and dressing, and I could not get 
 in any schools before I could earn money to pay to 
 a school. When such thoughts pressed my brain, 
 I could not work very well; I could not read book 
 very cheerfully, and I only looked around myself a 
 long time as a lunatic' 
 
 He made one great discovery, however, during 
 this tedious waiting time, the Captain had given him 
 a little money to amuse himself with on shore, and he 
 had bought a Robinson Crusoe, which he found in 
 a second-hand bookstore on Washington Street, and 
 Robinson Crusoe first taught him that he might pray 
 to his heavenly Father as to a present, personal 
 friend. He had not yet fully mastered his New 
 Testament in a foreign language. This ship^vrecked 
 Robinson Crusoe prayed in his distress, why might not 
 he ? So every night, after he went to bed, he ' prayed 
 to the God, Please don't cast me away into miserable 
 condition. Please let me reach my great aim.' 
 
 " How little we know when we pray how long our 
 hea\enly Father has been preparing to answer our 
 
Trials and Preparation. 21 
 
 prayears !" What comfort there is in the thought 
 that both we, and our prayers, our needs, and their 
 answers, were all present with God when he made 
 his plan, and that he has been preparing- from all 
 eternity to answer our prayers in the best way ! 
 
 " That God who had tm'ned this boy's heart away 
 from idols, who had inspired him to feel after him, 
 if haply he might find him, who had said to him, 
 ' Get thee out of thy country, and form thy kindred 
 and from thy father's house, unto the land that I 
 will show thee; ' this same God had not neglected 
 to prepare a place for him in the land of promise to 
 which he had led him. He had brought the young 
 wandere across the seas in a ship belonging to one 
 of his own children, straight to the hands of one 
 whose joy it was to spend his strenght and his wealth 
 in the service of his Master." 
 
 When the owner of the ship, the Hon. Alpheus 
 Hardy, was finally told by the Captain, of this bright 
 young Japanese who had thus come in search of 
 truth, he said to the Captain that he would provide 
 some way for liis support. " When I first heard 
 these things from my Captain," said Mr. Neesima, 
 " I jumped for joy, my eyes was fulfilled with many 
 tears, because I was very thankful to him, and 
 thought, ' God will not forsake me' " Mr. Hardy 
 met the young Japanese, later, and asked him what 
 his name was. ' The sailors called me Jo," was the 
 
2 2 Trials and Preparation. 
 
 reply. " You are well named," said Mr. H., " God 
 has sent you to be a sa\dor to your people." His 
 benefactor little knew, when he spoke those words, 
 how much of truth there was in them. 
 
 Mr. Hardy's first thought was to make of him a 
 house servant and table boy, but he soon found that 
 he was not fitted for this, and in the mean time Mrs. 
 Hardy had asked him to write out the reasons why 
 he had left his native land and come to America. 
 He did so in his broken English, and when Mr. and 
 Mrs. Hardy read those words, they felt that God had 
 sent him, and they accepted the sacred trust, and 
 decided to give him a thorough education. 
 
 He was placed in Phillips Academy at Andover, 
 where he made the best use of his opportunities, and 
 where for the first time he fully reahzed his sins and 
 publicly accepted Christ as his Savior, uniting with 
 the church of Christ. Who can doubt, however, 
 that he was accepted of God before this, and that he 
 would have been all ready to gladly bow before his 
 Savior and \^'orship him, if he had died in the midst 
 of his long \'oyage in search of truth ? 
 
 Copy of a letter written by Mr. Neesima 
 when he had been in america less than a year, 
 TO THE Japanese friend who helped him get away 
 FROM Hakodate 
 
 Andover, Eeb. 23, 1866. 
 
 Mr. Munokite ; Dear sir ; 
 
Trials and Preparation. 23 
 
 I am very well through God's mercy. Since I 
 commenced my hazardous adventure, I hav spent 
 many valuable days in hard work ; oh ! sometimes I 
 had very miserable work ; but this work I did not 
 do for money but for true knowledge. When I 
 called on him who made heaven and earth and sea 
 and all that in them is, my sorrow turned into joy 
 and my misery to succes. Oh ! may surely say it 
 is very wonderful and mavelous that such success 
 has fallen on me. I passed through many thousand 
 miles of water very sefely without hurricane, tempest 
 or any trouble. When I came to Boston the ship's 
 owner, Mr. Alpheus Hardy, and the ship's Captain, 
 Horace S. Taylor, relieved me from mv miserable 
 condition, and give me all things which I needed 
 and sent me to the academy at Andover, Mass., to 
 get an education, paying my board and all expenses. 
 I came to the house of Mr. Hidden, — he don't 
 keep any boarder but me only, — and he and his sister 
 care for me as much as for one of their own family, 
 and I am very much enjoyed to stay here. Also I 
 find a kind and religious man in Mr. Flint, a neighbor 
 who was a teacher of some higher school for thirteen 
 years. Every evening, he hears me recite in Arith- 
 metic, that is named Eaton's Higher School Arith- 
 metic, and his wife explains to me the most holy 
 and valuable book in the world, entitled the New 
 Testament and tells about our Savior, Jesus Christ, 
 
24 Trials and Preparation. 
 
 who was sent down form his Father to enlighten the 
 darkness and seve sinners. In the academy I am 
 stndinng, Reading, Spelling, Grammar, and the some 
 Arithmetic ; also I have a Bible lesson ever}^ sabbath. 
 All the teachers and scholars and many who know 
 about me are interested in me and love me, and some 
 give me things to please me. But these things Xhsy 
 don't do for my sake, but for the Lord Jesus Christ. 
 
 O, dear friend, think you well who is Christ. The 
 same is the Light which shines on the benighted 
 and wicked world and guides us unto the way of 
 salvation. The light of candle is blown away but 
 this is the true light of eternal life, and we can \ij 
 no wise blow it out, and we may take this life 
 through Jesus Christ. " For God so loved the world 
 that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever 
 believeth on him should not perish but ha^•e ever- 
 lasting life. For God sent not his Son into tlie world 
 to condemn the world, but that the world through 
 4iim might believe." See John, third chapter, i6 
 and 17 verses. New Testament. 
 
 O, dear friend, I have nothing to repay your 
 kindness, but will sent onlj', study the Bible, and 
 my photograph, Please care for your health and 
 study he book I have mentioned above. Oh, alas! 
 it is not the country's law to studj^ the Bible and 
 worship our tender and mertiful Father who made 
 us, lo\'cd us and gave his only begotten Son, through 
 
Trials and Prcparah'on, 25 
 
 whom we may be saved. But the law ought to be 
 broken, because it is made by the devil, the king- of 
 the world. The world was not made by the devil, 
 but by our true Father, who gave unto us his true 
 law. Oh friend, whether then is right in the sight 
 of God to hearken unto the devil more than unto 
 God, please judge you. 
 
 If the fierce devil persecute you for righteousness' 
 sake, don't trouble yourself, I am sure God will 
 protect you from all evil, and though your body 
 should be killed, your soul would be received unto 
 him and you would dwell in the brightest place with 
 eternal life. I would like, indeed to go there with 
 you. 
 
 Your Truly Friend, 
 
 Neesima Simeta. 
 
 In due time he was readj^ for college and entered 
 Amherst College, where he graduated in 1870. The 
 statement of Pres. Seelye, when asked for testimonials 
 for Mr. Neesima as he was about to return to Japan, 
 will be a suiiicient comment upon his faithfulness in 
 College. Said the President, "You cannot gild 
 
 GOLD." 
 
 His faithfulness and thoroughness as a student, are 
 shown by the fact that he had in his possession a pile 
 of large books nearly two feet high, which are filled 
 with lectures and notes which he copied or wrote 
 
26 Trials and Preparation 
 
 out while he was in College ancf'in the Theolog-ical 
 Seminary. 
 
 He entered Andover Theological Seminary, and 
 in the faU of 1870, when I was in attendance at the 
 meeting- of the American Board at Salem, Mass , just 
 before I sailed to Japan, Mr. Neesima elbowed his 
 way through the great crowd and found me; and 
 when I answered his eager question, that I was go- 
 ing to Japan, he seized my hand and with tears in his 
 eyes, told me how glad he was to meet me, and he 
 wished me a hearty godspeed, ■ and said he hoped to 
 go back too, before long. 
 
 In the winter of 187 1-2, the second Japanese em- 
 bassy, consisting of Messrs, Iwakura, Okubo, Kido, 
 Ito and Tanaka, crossed the Pacific, and after being 
 snowbound for a week at Salt Lake City, finally 
 reached Washington. The embassy at once felt the 
 need of some one to act as interpreter who could also 
 help them in their search into the institutions of these 
 foreign lands, especially education. Hearing of Mr. 
 Neesima who had then been in America about seven 
 years, they sent an imperial mandate to him to app- 
 ear before them ; he was greatly troubled at this mes- 
 sage, but after much thought and prayer, he wrote 
 back, that he was an outlaw, that death hung over his 
 head for having left his native land, that he recognis- 
 ed no ruler but the King of heaven, but that if they 
 would send him an invitation to come and meet them 
 
Trials and Preparation. 27 
 
 as a friend, he would come. They at once sent him 
 such an invitation. Then the question of how to meet 
 them arose in Mr. Neesima's mind. It had been 
 the custom in Japan from time immemorial for a man 
 to bow to the earth when meeting- a supperior and 
 prostrate himself before him. Mr. Neesima finally 
 decided to meet them in the American way and went 
 on to Washing-ton. 
 
 They received him kindly and told him what they 
 desired of him. He told them that he could accept 
 their offers and meet their desires only on condition 
 that they make out and give him a formal pardon for 
 having left his country, and also another paper gilv- 
 ing him the .privilege of teaching Christianity when 
 he should return to his native land. They made out 
 the two papers, sealed them with the imperial signet 
 and gave them to him. This brought a new joy to 
 Mr. Neesima's heart, he could now write to his loved 
 ones at home ; he could hear from them directly, and 
 they could hear from him. He had not dared to write 
 to them, or let them know of his welfare or where- 
 abouts, lest they should be all put to death. The 
 long silence and suspense were broken. The younger 
 brother had been made the head of the house in 
 place of the one who was not ; this younger brother 
 having no children had adopted a boy as hi.s son, 
 and later, the brother had died, so that this adopted 
 son was the head of the house, and Mr. Neesima 
 
'zS Trials and Preparation. 
 
 never regained his position ag^ain, but started a new 
 house. Great was the joy of the whole family to 
 hear that the long lost son was alive. 
 
 Mr. Neesima now spent a year with the Japanese 
 embassy, visiting aU the capitals of Europe with 
 them, and devoting all his energies to help them 
 gain the information they desired. His "'stableness" 
 and firm Christian principle shone out during this 
 visit to Europe. In most European countries, the 
 railroad trains run on the sabbath, the same as on 
 any other day, and the embassy often travelled on 
 that day ; Mr. Neesima, however, never travellekd 
 with them on the sabbath. He told the vrriter that 
 he always stopped off Saturday night, alone, and 
 followed on after them on Monday. He spoke of one 
 of these experiences, when he stopped off, in France, 
 Saturday night among entire strangers, and not 
 knowing French, he expected to have a lonely day, 
 but he wandered about and succeeded in finding a 
 place where a Christian service was being conducted, 
 and entering, he found it was a communion service. 
 He remained and partook of the communion with 
 them, and although he could understand but very 
 little he spoke of it as among the most blessed 
 experiences of his life. 
 
 By his faithfulness and his conscientious adherence 
 to principle, he gained the confidence of tliese men, 
 a confidence which lasted till the day of his death ; 
 
Trials and Prefiardtwn. 29 
 
 and when he came back to Japan and wished to start 
 his school, these men were at the head of the g-overn- 
 ment, and to his intimacy with them and their fimi 
 confidence in him, the Doshisha owes its existence. 
 
 Mr. Neesima's/ careful habit of looking- into all 
 the details of whatever came in his way to ex- 
 amine, and especially his great interest in education 
 which had led him to make a careful examination 
 of the common school system of the United States, 
 had prepared him to be of invaluable service to the 
 embassy and to h- country. He examined the 
 ystems in several of the States, and wrote out a 
 carefully prepared paper which was taken as the 
 basis of the report which the embassy made on 
 education, and which was afterwards modified and 
 introduced into Japan, and is the foundation of the 
 system of education in the empire to-day. 
 
 As the time drew near for the departure of the 
 embassy from Europe, to return home by way of 
 India, Mr. Neesima was pressed to accompany them 
 to Japan and it seemed that it would be almost 
 impossible for him to refuse to do so, but a severe 
 illness coming on at this time, compelled him to 
 remain behind, among strangers, until long after the 
 Embassy had sailed for Japan, so that, on his recov- 
 ery, he returned to his studies in Andover. 
 
 He was very retired and studious in his manner, 
 although his intense thirst for knowledge would lead 
 
30 Trials and Preparation. 
 
 him to break over his reserve and seek information 
 from his fellow students. He was greatly afflicted 
 with rheumatism during- his last year in the Semin- 
 ary, and he suffered from its effects at times during- 
 the rest of his life. 
 
 He graduated in the summer of 1874, and now 
 the question of his retvurn to Japan, -what relation he 
 should sustain to the American Board, his ordination, 
 and his support, all came up for solution. It was 
 finally decided that it was best that he should receive 
 ordination, before leaving for Japan, and a Council 
 of churches in the State where he had spent ten 
 years, was called. He passed a very satisfactory 
 examination and was ordained as an evangelist, — the 
 first of his race to take upon himself this office. He 
 was also appointed a corresponding member of the 
 Japan Mission of the American Board. Mr. Hardjr 
 also arranged to have sent to Mr. Neesima each 
 year what he needed for his support, so that he was 
 placed above anxiety on that point. 
 
 He was now all ready to start back to his loved 
 land and friends, but there was still one thing which 
 weighed upon his heart ; he had come to America 
 and seen for himself the light of Christian civilization; 
 he had drunk deeply at the fountains of knowledge, 
 and he felt an inexpressible longing to see such a 
 fountain of true knowledge opened in his own land; 
 he had not started on his world-wide quest for truth 
 
Trials and Preparation. 31 
 
 for himself ; he came for the g-ood of his people ; 
 should he go back with a full heart but with an 
 empty hand? The same Hand which had so wonder- 
 fully led him to America and which had taken 
 care of him there and given him such a preparation 
 for his work, led him farther to make an appeal 
 which other hearts were ready to second, and so 
 begin an enterprise which should be indeed a blessing 
 to his whole people. 
 
 I quote here from Mr. Neesima's own words, 
 written in a letter, the last one in EngHsh which 
 his hand ever penned, vmtten only a few days before 
 his death. He says, " Fifteen years ago I had a 
 day dream to found a Christian college. I used to 
 express my intense desire to found it, especially to 
 raise up Christian workers, to Dr. Qark, secretary 
 of the American Board, and also to some other 
 friends, but none of them gave me any encouraging 
 words. However, I was not discouraged at all. I 
 kept it within myself and prayed over it. 
 
 In the fall of 1874, I was invited to attend the 
 annual meeting of said Board which was held in 
 Rutland, Vermont, to bid my last farewell to my 
 friends, I was then ordered to appear on the 
 platform on the very last day of the meeting. In 
 the evening of the previous day, I called on Mr. 
 and Mrs. Alpheus Hardy, my benefactors, and 
 consulted with them about the advisability of my 
 
32 Trials and Preparation. 
 
 bringing- out my long- cherished scheme, that is, to 
 found a Christian college in Japan, in my farewell 
 speech. Mr. Hardy was rather doubtful about my 
 attaining any success ; however, I was rather insist- 
 ing to do it, because it was my last chance to bring 
 out such a subject to such a grand Christian audi- 
 ence. Then he spoke to me half smiling and in a 
 most tender, fatherly manner, said, 'Joseph the 
 matter looks rather dubious, but you might try it.' 
 Receiving that consent, I went back to the place 
 where I was entertained and tried to make a pre- 
 paration for the speech. I found my heart throbbing 
 and found myself utterly unable to make a careful 
 preparation. I was then like that poor Jacob, 
 wrestling with God in my prayers. 
 
 On the following day, when I appeared on the 
 stage, I could hardly remember my prepared piece ; 
 a poor, untried speaker : but after a minute or two 
 I recovered myself, and my trembling knees became 
 firm and strong ; a new thought flashed into my 
 mind, and I spoke something qviite different from 
 my prepared speech. My whole speech must have 
 lasted less than fifteen minutes ; while I was speaking 
 I was moved with the most intence feeling over my 
 fellow countrymen, and I shed much tears, instead of 
 speaking in their behalf. But before I closed my 
 poor speech, about five thousand dollars were sub- 
 scribed on the spot to found a Christian college in 
 
Trials and Preparation. 33 
 
 Japan. That generous subscription of our American 
 friends became the nucleus of the present Doshisha, 
 which is now recognised as the best and largest 
 Christian College in Japan." 
 
 It was entirely natural that the officers and friends 
 of the Board shovild not have encouraged Mr. Nee- 
 sima at this time to appeal for money to found a 
 College in Japan ; their work is an evangelistic work, 
 and their efforts are constantly put forth to secure 
 contributions enough for their regular work, and 
 they must of necessity discourage special appeals. 
 The hand of God, however, was evidently in the 
 movement which let to the foundation of the school. 
 
 The writer has heard from many persons who 
 were present at that meeting that it was a scene 
 never to be forgotten ; the intense earnestness of this 
 young Japanese, as he spoke of the great blessings 
 of a Christian education, which he had received, 
 and pictured to them, with broken voice and over- 
 flowing eyes, the darkness and need of his own 
 people ; the evident nervousness of the Secretaries at 
 the manly appeal which was made, for the speaker 
 said, " I cannot go back to Japan without the money 
 to found a Christian College, and I am going to 
 stand here till I get it." Then Governor Page of 
 Vermont arose and said, „ Put me down for one 
 thousand dollars." Dr. Parker of Washington follow- 
 ed with five hundred dollars. Mr. Hardy with 
 
34 Trials and Preparation. 
 
 five hundred, William E. Dodge with five hundred,^ 
 and others with lesser sums, until nearly five thou- 
 sand dollars were raised. 
 
III. 
 
 LAYING FOUNDATIONS. 
 
" Behold I lay in Sion for a Foundation, a Stone, a tried Stone, 
 a fredous corner Stone of sure Foundation : he that ielieveth shall 
 not make haste." Is. XXVIII. 16. 
 
 ^*And not only so, hut let us also rejoice in our irilu ^ations ; 
 knowing that trihulatioti worketh ■patience ; and patience, proba- 
 tion ; and probation, hope .' and hope putteth not to shame ; because 
 the love of God hath been shed abroad in our hearts through the 
 Holy Ghost which was given uuto us." Rom. V. 3-$. 
 
 "The good man does better than he knows." 
 
 ''Fasten your soul so high that constantly. 
 
 ''The smile of your heroic cheer mav float, 
 
 "Above the J loads of earthly agonies." E. B. Browning. 
 
 "God's glory is a wondrous thing, 
 
 "Most strange in all its ways, 
 
 "And of all things on earth, least like 
 
 " What men agree to praise. 
 
 "Oh, blest is he to whom is given 
 
 "The instinct that can tell 
 
 "That God is on the field, when he 
 
 "Is most invisible ! 
 
 "And blest is he who can divine 
 
 "Where real right doth lie. 
 
 Wrong to man's blindfold eye ! 
 
 "Oh, learn to scorn the praise of men ! 
 
 "Oh, learn to lose with God! 
 
 "For fesus won the world through shatne, 
 
 "And beckons thee his road. 
 
 "And right is right, since God is God; 
 
 "And right the day most win; 
 
 "To doubt would be disloyaltv, 
 
 "To fa'ter would be sin. I" 
 
CHAPTER THIRD. 
 
 Mr. Neesima reached Japan on his return, in 
 December, 1874. He found great chang-es had 
 taken place during his ten years absence. The 
 Mikado was reinstated, his capital was changed from 
 Kyoto, where his ancestors had rules for a thousand 
 years, to Tokyo ; the Daimios had relinquished their 
 feudal rights, and the pensions of their retainers 
 were capitalized; the Julian or Gregorian calender 
 had been adopted, and the sabbath was made a 
 hoUday ; the Post Office with a Money Order 
 system, a Savings Bank system and a Postal Delivery 
 system were established ; newspapers were being 
 printed and circulated ; an army and a navy on a 
 foreign plan were formed ; a mint was established ; 
 the coast was being surrounded with light houses ; 
 the first railroads wore opened, and a network of 
 telegraphs were unifying the old feudal Kingdom. 
 Most of these changes had taken place one or t\vo 
 years before Mr. Neesima returned. The great 
 question of constitutional liberty was beginning to 
 be agitated and the men whose confidence and love 
 Mr. Neesima had gained. in his intercourse with the 
 embassy, three years before, were at the head of 
 
38 Laying Foundations. 
 
 the Government. Their prejudices had been removed 
 and their minds broadened by their intercourse with 
 Western nations, and they were ready to encourage 
 the adoption of Western civih'zation in their own 
 empire. 
 
 Mr. Neesima was offered, again and again, places 
 of high position under these men and urged to 
 accept them, but he steadily declined them. He 
 allowed nothing to turn him from the great purpose 
 of his life to establish a Christian College in his 
 native land. 
 
 Soon after landing in Yokohama, he visited Ms 
 aged pau'ents who had gone back to their native 
 province and were living in Annaka. There were 
 at this time small churches in Tokyo, Yokohama, 
 Osaka and kobe, but it was hardly safe to profess 
 Christianity, even in the open ports. Away from 
 the open ports there was very litde, if any, effort on 
 the part of any Japanese to teach the forbidden 
 doctrines. But no sooner did Mr. Neesima reach 
 Annaka, seventy-five miles from Tokyo, than the 
 people began to beg him to tell all about foreign 
 countries, and he took that opportunity to openly 
 tell them about Christianity ; he did this so boldly 
 for several days that the Governor of that province 
 became troubled. Mr. Neesima was planily violating 
 the old law, but yet he was no ordinary person ; 
 he had been attached to the Iwakura embassy and 
 
Laying Foundations. 39 
 
 was already a widely known man. To arrest or 
 even caution him might have some unknown 
 results ; so the Governor went hastily in person to 
 Tokyo, and laid the matter before some of the 
 men who were at the head of the government. 
 They replied, "If it is Neesima, it is all right, let 
 him alone," so the Governor returned staisfied, and 
 the work was begun which resulted in the organiza-i 
 tion of the Annaka church a few years later under 
 the labors of Mr. Ebina, and the Annaka church, 
 with the five other churches within a very few miles, 
 which have sprung from it, make it probably the 
 most thoroughly evangelized community in Japan. 
 Several of the members of that provincial assembly 
 and a majority of the standing committee are Chris- 
 tian men and two-thirds of the members of the 
 Imperial Diet, elected from that province, are 
 Christians. From the time of Mr. Neessima's visit 
 to Annaka dates the entrance of Christianity into 
 the heart of Japan, and that was the beginning of 
 the fearless preaching of the gospel in the Interior. 
 The same Count who gave to the Governor the 
 reply, mentioned above, himself told Mr. Neesima of 
 this fact a short time afterwards. 
 
 After a few weeks spent with his friends in An- 
 naka, preaching the Gospel, Mr. Neesima came on 
 to Kobe and Osaka to confer in regard to the 
 establishment of the Christian College. 
 
40 Laying Fmmdations. 
 
 A short time before Mr. Neesima's return, our 
 Mission received a letter from Secretary Qerk telling 
 us that five thousand dollars vi^ere waiting to found 
 a CoEegiate and Theological training school to train 
 Christian workers for Japan. We had not yet 
 begun to think of such a school, or at least, we felt 
 that it was far in the future ; our first two churches 
 had been organized that year, one in Kobe with 
 eleven members, and one in Osaka with seven mem- 
 bers ; a few young men were found ready to listen 
 to the truth, also, in Sanda, twenty miles from 
 Kobe, but the villages about Kobe, and between 
 Kobe and Osalca were so much opposed to Chris- 
 tianity that it was impossible to even teach a few 
 men in a hotel, or tea house. 
 
 Mr. Neesima tried for several months to secure 
 permission from the Governor of the Osaka-Fu to 
 establish the College in that city ; he saw the Gov- 
 ernor many times and i.u-ged his plan ; the Gevernor 
 told him he would approve the establishment of the 
 school there, but that no missionary should teach in 
 it, so Mr. Neesima reluctantly gave up ho pe in 
 Osaka, and then our thoughts were turned to Kyoto, 
 but Kyoto was an interior city, where foreigners had 
 never been allowed to reside ; it had been the center 
 of Buddhism and Shintoism in Japan for a thousand 
 years, and, moreover, it weis any from the centers 
 of work which our Mission had opened. 
 
Laying Foundations. 4> 
 
 The Mission, however, gave a reluctant consent 
 to the location of the school in Kyoto, if permission 
 could be secured, and in the summer of. 1875, Mr. 
 Neesima went to Kyo'.o, to see what could be done. 
 The Lord had prepared the way before him ; the 
 city had been opened for one hundred days during 
 the three previous years, while the exhibition was 
 held there, and Rev. O. H. Gxilick had spent three 
 months in the city during the summer of 1872, and 
 had made the acquaintance of Mr. Yamamoto Kaku- 
 ma, a blind man who was then a private Counselor 
 to the Kyoto-Fu. Others of our Mission had met 
 him during the next two summers and he had 
 become greatly interested in Christianity. When Mr. 
 Neesima presented his plan for the establishment of 
 a Christian College in Kyoto to Mr. Yamamoto, he 
 was ready to give it his warm approval from the 
 first, and he used his strong influence with the 
 Governor of the Kyoto-Fu in the same direction, so 
 that the Governor, also, gave his approval to the 
 scheme. 
 
 The writer made a hasty visit to Kyoto in June 
 of 1875 and, with Mr. Neesima, looked at a lot of 
 land containing five and a half acres, 6,500 tsubo, 
 situated in the nothern part of the city, just above 
 the old palace grounds, and with a large temple 
 grove of one hundred acros son the north side of 
 i t. This land was the former site of the palace of 
 
42 Laying Foundation^. 
 
 the Satsuma Daimio, the last resident being Shimadzu 
 Saburo. It was now in the possession of the blind 
 Yamaraoto, and he gradly sold it to us for the school, 
 for the sum of five hundred and fifty dollars. 
 
 Thus the site for the school was secured. What 
 should be its name ? Many names were thought of, 
 but finally, the name, "Doshisha," was decided upon ; 
 this means one endeavor, or one purpose company 
 Mr. Neesima was in Kyoto all the summer of that 
 year, except during a hurried visit to Tokyo. Al- 
 though the approval of the local government had 
 been secured for the location of the school in Kyoto, 
 the approval of the central government was necessary, 
 A building must also be secured for the school and 
 permission for a family to reside in Kyoto, and for 
 a missionary to teach in the school. Mr. Neesima 
 was busy with all these plants, and his heart was 
 stirred also to find some way by which the Gospel 
 could be freely taught in the school and in the city 
 and all over the empire. 
 
 He writes, Aug. 2nd, " I had a most interesting 
 
 interview with Mr. , a young man who is 
 
 connected with the educational department at Tokyo. 
 He told me that he will do his best to allow mission- 
 aries to be hired in our Kyoto school : but for 
 teaching Christianity in it, he has no power to say 
 much, because as Christian religion, it comes under 
 Daikyoin, or Department of Religion. I think it 
 
Laying Foundations. 43 
 
 would not do for us to present this matter to Dai- 
 kyoin, because they will never do us any favor. So 
 I think a best way will be to try to get relig-ious 
 freedom in the empire. I will write to our influ- 
 ential men in the cabinet and induce them to work 
 
 for it. Mr. promised me to work for it 
 
 privately among the radical statesmen. He rather 
 asked me to come to Tokyo to see them myself. 
 In the first place I must get a letter from my native 
 province which will assure the Kyoto government 
 that I belong to that ken, and will henceforth 
 become a citizen of Kyoto. Then I can make my 
 religious faith known to the Kyoto government ; it 
 will be the very first thing ever done in Kyoto. I 
 think the Kyoto government will present the matter 
 to the central government. If case requires, I will 
 present myself to the central government ; then, as 
 I said above, in the meantime, I will work privately 
 for religious freedom among the radical statesmen. 
 I think this is- the only way to get Kyoto open for 
 our Christian Institution." 
 
 Aug. 24th, he writes, " I have already presented 
 the petition for our school, and especially for hiring 
 a missionary, and in order to gain the Governor's 
 favor I made a friendly call on him last night. He 
 strongly advised me to go to Tokyo as soon as 
 possible, or not any later than our petition reaches 
 the central government. I am deliberately following 
 
_j^^ Laying Foundations. 
 
 the advice of the Governor who so recently came 
 back from Tokyo and knows exactly the present 
 state of things in the central government." 
 
 Mr. Neesima. hurried oifF by jinrikisha overland 
 to Tokyo, and reached there as soon as the petition 
 did. He saw Mr. Tanaka whi was at the head 
 of the Department of Education. Mr. Tanaka was 
 Mr. Neesima' s special friend, having become such 
 while they were in Europe together. He toldliim 
 however, at first, that it would be impossible to 
 grant parmission for a Christian school to be opened 
 in the city of Kyoto ; it was regarded as the sacred 
 city of the empire and he feared great opposition 
 and prejudice on the part of the people. Mr. Nee- 
 sima saw him again and again, during three days, 
 and Mr. Tanaka finally told him that if be would 
 be very careful not to do anything to arouse the 
 opposition of the people he would grant the permis- 
 sion. Thus the permission was finally granted to 
 open the school in Kyoto. Mr. Neesima also form- 
 ed a company consisting of himself and Mr. Yama- 
 moto to open the school, hire teachers, etc. : this 
 company of two was the Doshisha for several years. 
 
 The present writer having been engaged as the 
 first foreign teacher in the school, Mr. Neesima 
 wrote, Oct. nth, in regard to a house for my 
 family and one for the school ; in this letter he 
 says, " I hope his reply will come within to-day. 
 
Laying Foundations. 45 
 
 I think it is pretty early for me to say to-day, it 
 is now 3 : 30 A.M. I awoke at a quarter before two 
 o'clock, and could not sleep again, so I got up 
 sometimes after two o'clock and wrote a pretty long 
 
 letter to Mr. to get permission to rent his 
 
 house. Can you do anything for this sleepless old 
 fellow ? I am exceedingly tired but can't sleep." 
 Again Oct. i6th, five days later, he writes, " I have 
 been sleepless these past five nights, but I slept 
 first-rate last night. I hope I shall do so again to- 
 night. My hope for Kyoto was quite brightened 
 up." The reason for his brighter hopes was that 
 the permission for my residence in Kyoto, which 
 had been pending so long, and for which he had 
 been writing and telegraphing to Tokyo, had come, 
 and the way was open for him to commence the 
 school, He had had a long anxious summer. 
 
 I entered Kyoto with my family Oct. 19th, and 
 settled down in a part of the old Yanagiwara 
 yashiki on the east side of the Imperial palace and 
 Mr. Neesima had a little house on Shin Karasu- 
 maru, above Maruta Machi. Mr. Neesima had a 
 small company to whom be preached and taught 
 the Bible in his own house each sabbath all sum- 
 mer ; I began a similar service in my house the 
 first sabbath we were in the city, and only six were 
 present, but both audiences increased so that in a 
 few weeks they numbered from thirty to sixty. 
 
46 Laying Foundations. 
 
 We had hardly entered the city, however, before 
 the Buddhist priests held many meetings and finally 
 sent a strong petition to the central government 
 to have us expelled from the city. I find written 
 in my diary of Nov. i gth, " The opposition of the 
 priests is having its effect upon the officials of the 
 city ; they are less friendly. The acorn is in the 
 bottle, however, and it will, in time, with God's 
 blessing, split the bottle." 
 
 Mr. Neesima made applications about this time 
 for Dr. Taylor and Dr. Learned to teach in the 
 school, and he was very greatly tried for five 
 months before they were granted. I will quote 
 from my diary, of Monday, Nov. 22 nd, to show 
 how he was tried. " Mr. Neesima has called 
 several times during the last week or two to see 
 the Governor, but always found him not at home. 
 Friday evening last, he called again, and was told 
 that he was too busy to see him ; he went early 
 Saturday morning and was told that it was too 
 early ; he went a little later and was told that the 
 Governor was about starting for the office; he 
 inquired through the servant if he could see him 
 in the evening, and was told that he could not 
 promise ; he went home, and yes'erday he received 
 notice to appear at the office this morning and ex- 
 plain what he meant by Scisho, Bible, in the list 
 of studies as put forth in the program of the 
 
Laying Foundations. 47 
 
 school." The oaly result of the sending of the 
 strong- petition of the priests to Tokyo, so far as 
 we know, was that Mr. Tanaka the head of the 
 Department of Education sent a request to the 
 Governor of Kyoto, asking that, for the present. 
 We would not teach the Bible in the school. Mr. 
 Neesima gave him a written promise to the effect 
 on the 22 nd of Nov. The Governor told him that 
 we could teach Christianity in the school under 
 name of moral science, and teach everything there 
 except Bible exegesis, and that we could teach 
 that and preach in our homes. This request was 
 made by Mr. Tanaka for fear of trouble in the city, 
 as there was great excitement about our coming 
 to open a Christian school. The owner of the 
 building we had rented for the school had given 
 Mr. Neesima notice that he wanted his house for 
 himself, and that we could not have it, but after 
 this Bible teaching was arranged with the Governor, 
 the owner concluded to let us have it. 
 
 From my diary, Nov. 29th, 1875. " We began 
 our school this morning in Mr. Neesima's house 
 at eight o'clock, with a prayer meeting, in which 
 all the scholars took part, then going to the school- 
 house, two others were received, making seven 
 boarding scholars and one day sbholar." I never 
 shall forget Mr. Neesima's tender, tearful, earnest 
 prayer in his house that morning as we began the 
 
48 Laying Foundations^. 
 
 school ; all prayed- from the heart. Dec. 4th, we 
 had twelve scholars. We worked on through the 
 winter, the school growing graduaUy, until we hcid 
 about forty scholars ; the attendance at the sabbath 
 services increasing, until sixty or seventy were 
 present ; the passes for Drs. Taylor and Learned 
 giving Mr. Neesima trouble aE winter and finally 
 being sent on to Tokyo and granted in March 1-876. 
 
IV. 
 
 MARRIAGE, TRIALS, WORK 
 
" In love of the brethren, be tenderly affectioned 07ie to another ; 
 in honor preferring one another ; in diligence not slothful : fervent 
 inspirit; serving the Z^rd ; rejoicing in hops ; patient in tribtda- 
 tion ; continuing steadfastly in prayer*' Ro7n. XII. 10-12. 
 
 '• For marriage is a matter of more worth 
 
 " Than to be dealt in by attorneyship ; 
 
 " For what is wedlock forced but a hell, 
 
 •' An age of discord and continual strife ; 
 
 " Where as the contrary bringeth forth happ'ness, 
 
 " And is a pattern of celestial bliss." Shakespeare. 
 
 '^Sorrow and silence are strong, 
 
 " And patient endurance is Godlike." Longfellow. 
 
 " Leave God to order all the ways, 
 
 " And hope in him, whete'er betide ; 
 
 " Thou'lt find him in the evil days 
 
 " An all-sufficient strength and guide ; 
 
 " JVho trusts in God's ttnchanging love, 
 
 " Builds on a rock that naught can move." George Newman. 
 
 " Life is real, life is earnest : 
 
 " And the grave is not its goal ; 
 
 " Dust thou art, to dust returnest,' 
 
 " Was not spoken of the soul. 
 
 " Let us then be up and doing, 
 
 " IVith a heart for any fiite : 
 
 " Still achieving, still pursuing, 
 
 " Learn to labor and to wait." Longfellow. 
 
 " Blind jmbelief is sure to err, 
 
 " And scan his work in vain ,' 
 
 " God is his own interpreter 
 
 " And he will make it plain." Cowper, 
 
CHAPTER FOURTH. 
 
 Soon after Mr. Neesima came to Kyoto, he met 
 Yamamoto Yaye, a sister of the bhnd Counselor of 
 the Kyoto-Fu ; meeting- her again and again at 
 her brother's house, he became acquainted with 
 her, and the intimacy rapidly ripened into affection, 
 and in the autumn of that year they were engaged. 
 
 On Sabbath, Jan. 2nd, 1876, the Lord's supper 
 and also the ordinance of baptism were celebrated 
 for the first time in the city at the regular service 
 at my house. Yamamoto O Yaye, received baptism 
 at that time, and the next day, Jan. 3rd, in the 
 presence of all the members of our school, of the 
 ex-daimio of Tango and his daughter, of several 
 friends whom we had made in the city, and of Mr. 
 Yamamoto's family, Mr. Neesima and O Yaye 
 were united in marriage. This proved a very happy 
 union, and Mr. Neesima had a faithful, loving 
 wife during all the years until God called him up 
 higher. 
 
 In the letters he wrote us from America, while 
 there in 1885, it was very touching to see how 
 much he felt the separation from Mrs. Neesima, 
 and how he also remembered to ask us to help her 
 bear her loneliness. 
 
52 Marriage, Trials, Work. 
 
 Mi". Sears,, a wealthy Boston gentleman, whose 
 acquaintance Mr. Neesima made while in the 
 United States, sent out a sum of money for Mr. 
 Neesima to use to build him a comfortable home, 
 and also another sum to build a chapel. He se- 
 cured a large lot on Teramachi above Maruta 
 Machi and there built a home for himself. It 
 was several years before we could secure any places 
 in the city for preaching and a sefvice was held 
 at Mr. Neesima's house and the school met at my 
 house each sabbath afternoon for more than two 
 years. At this later preaching service more than 
 two hundred people ofte.i gathered to hear the 
 Gospel. When the house in which I had lived was 
 torn down, and Mr. Neesima's house was built, 
 the school preaching service and the sabbath school 
 were held at Mr. Neesima's home ; this becoming 
 too small, the money given by Mr. Sears was 
 used to build a chapel adjoining Mr. Neesima's 
 house. Mr. Neesima used often to preach in those 
 days, and his sermons were very impressive ; his 
 intense earnestness and feeling impressed all .vho 
 heard him. 
 
 To show the difficiculty we met in trying to teach 
 Christianity at his time, one example may be given. 
 A physician in Fushimi, a southern suburf) of Kyoto, 
 asked us to come down to his house and teach 
 the gospel ; the writer went down one sabbath and 
 
Marriage, Trials, Work. 53 
 
 gave him and a few of his friends, who had as- 
 sembled in his house, a talk about the true God ; 
 the next sabbath Mr. Neesima went down and 
 talked to the five or six people who assembled; 
 for this, the physician was summoned to appear at 
 the KyotO'Fu, and told that he must not allow 
 such meetings at his house. All who had listened, 
 or who had received any tracts were also, sum- 
 moned to appear at the office, and very closely 
 questioned and frightened. The physician was sum- 
 moned for the third time. 
 
 The following is a part of the conversation which 
 occurred between the Fu officials and this physician 
 on the last day, when he was discharg;ed. " This 
 Davis came up here to teach aji English school, 
 did he not ? " " Yes." " Then he is like a man 
 who has a license to sell deer meat, but who 
 sells dog meat." "Well, is it dog meat? I used 
 to think so, but on tasting of it, I find it is a great 
 deal better than deer meat, and I would like to 
 ask you one question ; this way is allowed to be 
 taught pubHcly in Kobe, in Osaka, and in twenty 
 or thirty places in Tokyo. How is it that here, 
 in the Kyoto-Fu, a , man is not allowed to hear 
 it in his own house? Are we not all under the 
 same government ? I do not understand it." 
 " Well," says the officials, " I do not say that way 
 is either good or bad, and I do not say that you 
 
54 Marriage, Trials, Work. 
 
 and your friends cannot hear it in your house, but 
 you let in the common people, the lower classes, 
 who cannot understand it ; we cannot allow this. 
 We have good and sufficient religions here in 
 Japan, we do not want any more ; we have Con- 
 fucianism for the scholars like you, and Buddhism 
 for the masses." The Dr. replied, " I would like 
 to ask you one thing ; if Confucianism is an aU- 
 sufficient religion, why is it, since its founder lived 
 hundreds of years before Christ, and taught during 
 a long life, that this way has not spread beyond 
 China and Japan? So if Buddhism is an all-suffi- 
 cient religion, started by Buddha hundreds of years 
 before Christ and taught by him through a long 
 life, how is it that it has not spread beyond India, 
 China and Japan ; and if Christianity is a bad 
 way, how is it, since its founder only taught 
 three years, and was put to death when he was 
 thirty-three years old, that it has spread all over 
 Europe and America, and is spreading all over 
 Africa and Asia, and a'l the islands of the sea ' " 
 " Well we do not say that it is either good or bad, 
 but: you must not allow people to meet at your 
 house, and you are discharged," replied the official. 
 The physician came from the Fu right to my 
 house and told me this at the time and I copied 
 it in my diary. He borrowed a quantity of books 
 and tracts, took them home, and- lent them to his 
 
Marriage, Trials, Work. 55 
 
 neighbors ; but his practice gradually fell off, aud 
 he came near to starvation, so prejudiced did the 
 people become against him, aud he finally lost his 
 interest in Christianity. 
 
 This opposition on the part of officials, and the 
 fact that the Bible was not allowed to be taught 
 in the school, caused much dissatisfaction in the 
 Mission, so that after tlie permission for Drs. Taylor 
 and Learned had been granted, and before they 
 moved into the city, about the middle of March, 
 a special meeting of the mission was called in 
 Osaka, and half a day was spent over the question 
 of abandoning Kyoto, and locating the school where 
 the missionaries . could be free to live and to teach 
 the Bible. Although one of the Mission afterwards 
 said it was " the most reluctant vote the Mission 
 ever gave," the vote was given to remain, none 
 dissenting. A few months later, the last of June, 
 a vote was given by the Mission to approve of 
 the erecdon of two buildings on the ground bought 
 for the school. It was a very reluctant vote ; but 
 the fact that most thought it very doubtful if the 
 erection of the buildings would be allowed by 
 the government, helped the doubtful ones, and the 
 vote was given, none dissenting ; one brother said, 
 however, " Brethren, you may just as well try to 
 fly to Mars as to try to put up those buildings, 
 it will not be allowed." In just three months and 
 
56 Marriage, Trials, Work. 
 
 twenty days from that time, this brother sang- in 
 the new building's. " We'll hold the fort," etc., and 
 took part in the exercises of dedication. 
 
 As the building stood completed, however, and 
 the day appointed to open the school in them 
 drew near, and the temporary restriction in regard 
 to the Bible still held, many of the members of 
 the Mission were greatly exercised about opening- 
 the training school of the Mission in the new 
 buildings ; some were in favor of demanding the 
 removal of the restriction, and in case it was 
 refuse, then of abandoning everything, buildings, 
 work and all, and of leaving the city. One brother 
 wrote, " We have no Training school, the school 
 that will begin next week will not be the Training 
 school," etc. Another brother wrote that he did 
 not believe that we should be allowed to teach the 
 Bible and pray in the school for three or five years, 
 perhaps not for fifteen or twenty years yet. 
 
 Within one of a majority of the members of the 
 Mission signed a call for a special meeting to 
 reconsider the whole question of the location of 
 the school in Kyoto, and decide Whether we should 
 open the school in the new buildings. Had it not 
 been that one member of the Mission had just 
 started overland to Tokyo and w-as at this very 
 time weather bound by a three days storm of wind 
 and rain, and wondering why he was permitted to 
 
Marriage, Trials, Work. 57 
 
 start at all, the meeting would have been called, 
 and no one caT predict what would have been the 
 result. But the meeting was not called, and after 
 consultation with Mr. Yamamoto, it was decided, 
 since the exciteitteit in the city had completely 
 subsided, to dedicate the new buildings with 
 religious exercises, to have morning prayers in the 
 chapel, to open all the recitations of the Theo- 
 logical Dep't. with prayer and to teach all the 
 studies and give all the lectures of the Theological 
 Dep't., except Bible Exegesis, in the new building, 
 land to secure a third building in Mr. Neesima's 
 name, for tlie Exegesis. The new buildings were 
 dsdicated on the morning of Sept. i8th, 1876 ; they 
 Consisted of what are now known as dormitories 
 No. one and No. two. The exercises consisted of 
 a prayer of Invocation, reading the Scriptures, 
 sketch of the founding of the school, prayer of 
 Dedication, addresses in Japanese and English, and 
 the singing of two hymns in Japanese and three in 
 English. 
 
 This state of things led to continued criticism 
 of the school, and also to criticisin 01 Mr. Nee- 
 sima as the virtual Japanese head of the school. 
 He felt these most keenly. He loved the members 
 of the Mission, and he was ever lo5^1 to the Mis- 
 sion, and anything which seemed to imply the con- 
 trary pained him beyond measure. So great did the 
 
58 Marriage, Trials, Work. 
 
 trial become, that in Sept., 1876, the members of 
 the station sent a letter to the Mission to try to 
 remove some of these misunderstandings. I will 
 quote a few words from that letter, as they bring 
 out one of Mr. Neesima's remarkable characteristics. 
 " Still farther, Mr. Neesima and Mr. Yamamoto, as 
 the nominal proprietors of the school, so far from 
 interfering with our management of the school, 
 have from the first left everything in our own 
 hands ; the exercises of the dedication, the manner 
 of conducting morning prayers, what to teach, when 
 to teach, how to teach, the employment of Japanese 
 teachers, the ringing of the bell, the management of 
 the food, all these things, instead of being suggested 
 by them, have been suggested by us, and none of 
 them even referred to Mr. Yamamoto at all, and 
 not half of them to Mr. Neesima, and yet, so far 
 as we know, Mr. Neesima has never hinted or 
 thought a word of complaint, or asked that anything 
 be changed. He even comes to us to consult about 
 all the little details of his own classes. He has not 
 expended a cent of the money which has been sent 
 to him to use as he pleased for the school, without 
 first consulting us, and he has then invariably follow- 
 ed out our suggestions. We have been as free to 
 run the school to suit ourselves, from our first con- 
 nection with it, as if there had been no Japanese 
 proprietors, or as if it had been located in Chicago." 
 
Marriage, Trials, Work. 59 
 
 This can alnjost as triily be said after fourteen years, 
 as after one year. 
 
 Mr. Neesima was only anxious that the great 
 purpose of his life should be carried out ; in regard 
 to the details, he was willing to yield his way and 
 fall in with the suggestions of others. The first few 
 years of the existence of the school, were year of 
 great trial to him ; he stood between the foreigners 
 and the government, and he also stood between the 
 students and the foreign teachers, in some measure. 
 He writes in 1885, referring to these trials, " I often 
 wonder how I came through the deep muds of the 
 past ; but I received the sustaining courage and 
 strength of the Unseen Hand." 
 
 We must now notice, at some length, another 
 wonderful work, hardly less wonderful than the 
 calling and preparation of Mr. Neesima. In the 
 month of Feb., 1876, in the darkest days of that 
 first winter, when the opposition was so great that 
 in often seemed as if we must fail of our object of 
 establishing a school in Kyoto, the winter received 
 a large letter by the Japanese post. The handwriting 
 was strange, the name, too, was strange. It was 
 written from the old castle town of Kumamoto, in 
 the middle of the island of Kiushu, by Capt. L.L. 
 Janes. In it he asked if we could receive a number 
 of earnest Christian young men, graduates of his 
 school, into our school, to fit them for work as 
 
6o Marriage, Trials, Work. 
 
 preachers of the Gospel. We did not know that such 
 a man was in existence ; we did not know that such a 
 school was in existence. ' How did all this happen ? 
 
 Six months after this, Capt. Janes, while visiting- 
 in Kyoto, told the winter of the origin of the school 
 and how he came to Japan. 
 
 Early in 1871, the Japanese government wished 
 to secure some one to teach the army the foreign 
 system of drUl, and a request went on to Washing-- 
 ton for an army officer to come out for that pur- 
 pose. Capt. Janes was then a Captain in the regular 
 army, stationed in California ; he learned that he was 
 to be sent to Alaska, which had recently been pur- 
 chased from Russia, and he also heard of this 
 request for a man to gt) to Japan, so he resigned 
 his commission in the regular army and secured- the 
 appointment to Japan. Before he reached Tokyo, 
 the government had decided to employ a French 
 teacher. of military tactics, and so Capt. Janes was 
 left here, under pay, without any work. 
 
 Just before this time, the members of the Jo-i, or 
 foreigners-expelling party, in the old province of 
 Higo in Kiushu, had banded together to start a 
 school to train some men to help oppose all Western 
 ideas and especially Christianity. They had written 
 to Tokyo, asking for a foreign teacher for this 
 school, and the government were glad to send Capt, 
 Janes, and he was willing to go, so in the summer 
 
Marriage, Trials, Woi'k. 6 1 
 
 or early fall of 1871, he went with his famib^ alone 
 into this interior city and begun this work. He told 
 the writer that so great was the hatred to Chris- 
 tianity, that he did not dare to let it be known that 
 he was a Christian for six months after he begail 
 his work there. He made a thorough course of 
 English and Scientific study for the school, covering 
 four year ; after six months, he gradually began to 
 bring out the arguments for the existence of a God. 
 One day as he thus made a deduction from science 
 that there is a God, one of his pupils who is now 
 in a responsible position as a Christian worker, said 
 to him, " You lie, sir.'' After a year or two, Capt. 
 Janes asked the members of the advanced class who 
 could understand some English to come to his 
 house on the sabbath and study the New Testament 
 with him in English ; the young men went to their 
 patrons, who were supporting them in the school, 
 and asked them what they should do ; the patrons 
 had a long consultation, and finally called the young 
 men and said to them that this school was started 
 to prepare men to oppose Western ideas and especial- 
 ly Christianity, but that in order to most effectually 
 oppose it, they needed to know something about it ; 
 hence they might go and learn the Bible with that 
 object. So they went, a few at first, the number 
 gradually increasing until fifteen or twenty went 
 every Saturday evening and Sunday afternoon. 
 
6 2 Marriage, Trials, Work. 
 
 They read through the Gospels in course and the 
 Acts and some of the Epistles, and some of those 
 young men have told the writer, Capt. Janes talked 
 to them about the love of God and of Christ, with 
 tears rolling down his cheeks ; this went on for more 
 than two years before he saw any signs of yielding 
 on the part of the men before him. FinaUv the ice 
 began to break up and Capt. Janes sent the letter 
 above referred to, on the 30th of January, 1876, 
 nearly forty of the young men in the school went 
 up on the Hanaoka mountain near the city and 
 signed a solemn pledge, dedicating their li\'es to 
 Christ for Japan. 
 
 No sooner was this fact known, than a great storm 
 broke over the school, the leaders of the Christian 
 band were taken out of the school and imprisoned 
 in their own homes, some of them for one hundred 
 days, and subjected to all kinds of threats and 
 indignities ; the mother of one of them appeared 
 before her son with sword in hand and threatened to 
 commit Harakiri, if he did not renounce his faith; 
 but they stood firm. 
 
 Capt. Janes and his noble wife were the instruments 
 in God's hands to do this wonderful work ; and as 
 showing the spirit of the man and also some phases 
 of the work, I will quote from some of Capt. Janes's 
 letter, received during those trying months. In his 
 first letter, dated Feb. 7th, 1876, he says, " M3' work 
 
Marriage, Trials, Work. 63 
 
 in the school has been accompanied from the time 
 when it was possible to speak of Christianity, by 
 constant and direct religious instruction of my pupils ; 
 in fact, the whole work has been inspired from the 
 first, with the one aim. on my part, of making it, 
 under God, subserve the founding and upbuilding 
 here of the kingdom of Christ, and so the highest 
 welfare of those committed to my instruction, and 
 the large community influenced by them and the 
 school." Again he writes, Mar. 4th, " Meantime, 
 my boys and I have been passing through unusual 
 events to say the least ; and the mutterings of a sharp 
 and vindictive and exciting persection are still in 
 the air around us." " I think the little colony is 
 practically intact ; no lives have been taken, tho. that 
 was threatened seriously enough ; and there are no 
 cases of Harakiri, yet to report, tho. a mother in one 
 family and a father in another took that method of 
 driving their sons from the faith ; their degradation 
 was declared to be insupportable." ', I grieve over 
 my imprisoned Christian boys. The physical strength 
 of one is failing, and the unthinking persecutors may 
 kill him. I understand there was an auto-de fe of 
 his Bibles a few days since." 
 
 Again, May 25th, " They blame me here by im- 
 plication, for educating preachers ; I say nothing, 
 but I have come to see that they need preachers and 
 teachers of the ' True Light ' more than any other 
 
64 Marriage, Trials, Work. 
 
 educated workman. The sham civilization they would 
 build of a film of Western materialism, dignified by 
 the name of science and civilization, leaving the soul 
 and all its needs unprovided for, is a hollow bubble, 
 that would burst one of these days. It is easy 
 enough to kick a hole through it now ; and unless 
 the successive accretions are permitted and made 
 to crystalise around the central principles of truth, 
 justice and liberty, — and a wisdom large enough to 
 satisfy the soul ; Christ, the soul's want ; God, the 
 soul's author ; and immortality, the soul's destiny, 
 why, I don't know but the old nursery style were 
 better than the violent ruptures and fearful reaction 
 that must occur, till the higher plane of progress is 
 reached." 
 
 Here are also a few words from a letter Capt. 
 Janes sent up by the first one of his graduates who 
 started for Kyoto, dated June 25th, 1876, " He was 
 one of the first to see the light, to be convinced of 
 the saving power of Christianity, and to give his 
 heart unalterably to Jesus, ' all to leave and follow 
 him," and as a consequence, he has been subjected 
 to the most cruel and outrageous treatment at the 
 hands of his weak brother, acting under the influence 
 of the persecuting party here, and an imprisonment 
 of some one hundred and twenty days. He was 
 made the slave of the servants of his family, who 
 were instructed to treat him as a devil possessed. 
 
Marriage, Trials, Work. 65 
 
 without human rights. He is how, practically, an 
 outcast. He is as a shorn lanjb ; he is leaving all." 
 In September, these young men came up, fifteen 
 graduates of Capt. Janes's school, and as many more 
 under graduates, ahd entered our school ; these gra- 
 duates, were most of them virtually cast off by their 
 friends for their faith in Christ, and they came to us 
 with the clothes they wore and an English Bible, as 
 their sole earthly possessions. They found the school 
 poorly organized and were at first much dissatisfied. 
 Capt. Janes, however, encouraged them to stay, and 
 they remained, and spent three years in Theological 
 study, supporting themselves \)y teaching the younger 
 classes in the school, and they graduated from the 
 Theological department in June, 1879. Three of 
 them were retained as teachers in the school, and the 
 others went out as teachers and preachers and have 
 beea among the best Christian workers in Japan for 
 the last ten years; Mr. Kosaki in Tokyo; Mr. Yebina 
 in Joshu ; Mr. Miyagawa in Osaka ; Mr. Kanamori 
 in Okayama and Mr. Ise in Shikoku, have done 
 work which has clianged the history of Japan 
 already. Five of these men are now connected with 
 the school as teachers. Their coming into the school 
 at that early day with their earnest Christian purpose, 
 gave a tone to the school, and their influence was 
 felt in molding the Doshisha morally and in shaping- 
 its course of study from that time. They have 
 
66 Marriage, Trials, Work. 
 
 helped to make the school what it is, and they came 
 to lov£ Mr. Neesima and be loved by him as 
 brothers. 
 
 The school gradually increased in numbers, so 
 that during- third school year, we had over one 
 hundred students ; such was the feeling of opposi- 
 tion in Kyoto, however, that we had very few 
 students from the city during the first five years : 
 nearly half of them came from the island of Kiushu, 
 led by the example and influence of the Kumamoto 
 Band. 
 
 The opposition on the part of the officials in Kyoto, 
 grew stronger and stronger. Dec. 24rd, 1877, M!'*. 
 Neesima wrote, " I wish to inform you of a recent 
 event which happened in Kyoto : my brother-in-law, 
 the blind Yamamoto, lost his connection with the 
 Kyoto-Fu yesterday ; I believe he lost his connection 
 with the Fu on account of his connection with us." 
 In the winter of 1879, Dr. Learned's permission to 
 reside in Kyoto and teach in the school, had nearly 
 expired ; if his permission was not renewed, it would 
 leave only one foreign teacher in the school ; the 
 requests made by the Doshisha for others to teach 
 in the school had been refused, and Mr. Neesima 
 was very anxious during those months about the 
 very existence of the school. It was only after 
 repeated solicitation with the Fu authorities here, 
 and a visit to Tokyo and a personal interview with 
 
Marriage, Trials, Work. 67 
 
 :^r. Mori, then at the head of the P"oreig-n Depart- 
 ment, that Dr. Learned's permission was finally 
 renewed. 
 
 There were several in the Mission who were op- 
 posed during these first years to the plan by which 
 the school was located in Kyoto. It was not strange 
 that this was so ; the school was in an interior city 
 where foreigners could only reside on passports which 
 could be withdrawn at any time ; the school buildings 
 and homes of the missionaries which were all built 
 with money given by the churches in the United 
 States, could not be owned by the Mission ; the 
 government could interfere with the teaching of the 
 Bible and of Christianity in the school ; the only 
 wonder, as we now look back, is that any one was 
 found to favour the location of the school in Kyoto 
 under these circumstances. Some opposed the plan 
 of putting the school in the hands of a Japanese 
 company, and some opposed the plan of helping it 
 with foreign money, and it sometimes seemed as if 
 the school would be removed from Kyoto. 
 
 The whole situation during these first years was a 
 great strain upon Mr. Neesima. This difference of 
 opinion and agitation in the Mission ; the opposition 
 on the part of some of the officials ; the refusal again 
 and again of permission for the needed foreign teach- 
 ers to teach in the school, and the constant fear lest 
 the great purpose of his Ufe should fail, weighed him 
 
68 Marriage, Trials, Work. 
 
 down. Added to all this was the fact that some of 
 his best Japanese friends told him he was ruining 
 his influence by receiving the money for his support 
 from his benefactor, Mr. Hardy, and advised him to 
 refuse to receive it and try to support himself. He 
 was at one time inclined to jrield to the criticisms oi 
 his friends and refuse to receive Mr. Hardy's bene- 
 faction longer, and it was only by strong urging that 
 he was led to continue to receive it, as needed to 
 help him prolong his life and carry out his great 
 purpose. At one time, when all these trials seemed 
 to be crushing him, he said to the writer with strong 
 crying and tears, " Oh, that I could be crucified 
 once for Christ, and be done with it ! " This opposi- 
 tion lasted about six years, and during that time 
 Mr. Neesima was under a strain of great anxiety, 
 most of the time, which seriously affected his general 
 health. 
 
 In 1876, a school for girls was opened in the house 
 of one of the missionaries, in which Mrs. Neesima 
 and Miss Starkweather taught, and about two years 
 later, it was removed to its present location in a 
 building erected for that purpose. The care of aU 
 this school work, as it grew larger and larger ; all 
 the many questions which came up ; tlie requests of 
 students ; all difficulties ; and the great number of 
 outside calls which came upc«i Mr. Neesima wa-e a 
 perpetual strain; every difficulty which arose in 
 
Marriage, Trials, Work. 6g 
 
 either school was brought directly to Mx. Neesima, 
 and he must give his time and strength to the settling 
 of it. Then, again, Mr. Neesima's reputation as one 
 of the few men who had been thoroughly educated 
 abroad, and his connection with the Iwakura embassy, 
 brought many callers to his house, and occupied 
 a great deal of his time ; he was also consulted in 
 regard to church work and missionary work, and in 
 difficulties which arose in the churches, or between 
 individuals. 
 
 His heart was always warmly interested in the 
 rapid spread of the Gospel in Japan, and he made 
 many missionary tours hirnself, and earngsdy pfo- 
 claimed the Gospel. He wrote from Tokyo, Feb. 
 13th, 1879, a letter from which the foEowing is a 
 quotation, " I started for Annaka on last Friday 
 morning at three o'clock a.m." This was in the 
 Basha, or wagon, which at that time ran between 
 Tokyo and Annaka. — " It was then snowing and I 
 found myself chilled through. I reached Annaka 
 toward evening ; although I found myself rather 
 tired, I was obliged to receive quite a number of 
 visitors that evening ; the;-), on Saturday, the visitors 
 poured in from the early morning and there was 
 scarcely a time for me to rest till the evening. We 
 held a prayer meeting on that evening. There were 
 two candidates for baptism ; the meeting lasted more 
 than two hours. Another church meeting was held 
 
70 Marriage, Trials, Work. 
 
 on Sunday morning. In the afternoon I preached 
 in the usual way and officiated at the Lord's supper. 
 In the evening we held a prayer meeting ; it was 
 a very warm and lively meeting and lasted more 
 than two hours. I w^as so excited by the meeting 
 that I could not sleep at all. At twelve thirty 
 a.m., on Monday morning, I left Annaka on a 
 coach and reached Tokyo at one thirty b.m. I am 
 glad to say that the Annaka church is growing, 
 and before the summer there may be half a dozen 
 candidates for baptism. I have taken cold ever 
 since I went to Annaka." He took this ride of 
 nearly a hundred miles and thus hurried back, be- 
 cause he had had a weighty case of arbitration put 
 into his hands in Tokyo, which he must attend to 
 that Monday afternoon. 
 
 Mr. Neesima, during those years, usually at- 
 tended the business meetings of the Mission, and also 
 the prayer meetings in English of the station, it 
 being held once a week in turn at our houses, his 
 house having its turn with the rest. We shall never 
 forget his simple earnest prayers in English at those 
 meetings. He taught classes in the school in the 
 early years, and he always gained the deep love 
 of his pupils, and of all who came in close contact 
 with him ; his silent influence in the school was very 
 strong and pervasive. He also took an active part 
 in the formation of the Japanese Home Missionary 
 
Marriage, Trials, Work. 71 
 
 Society, connected with the Congregational churches, 
 and had an active part in superintending its work 
 for many years. 
 
V. 
 
 BROADENING PLANS : TOUR ABROAD. 
 
" Commit thy way imto the Lord ; tncst^ also in him, and he 
 shall bring it to pass." Ps. XXXVII. 5. 
 
 " Pest is not qtntting this busy career, 
 " Rest is the fitting of self to one's sphere." 
 " Build thee m.ore stately mannons, O my soul, 
 "As the swift seasons roll! 
 "Leave thy low, vazdted past f 
 " Let each jiew temple, nobler than the last, 
 " Shut thee from heaven with a dom.e more vast, 
 " Till thou at length art free, 
 
 " Leaving thine outgrown shell by life's ztnresting sea." 
 
 O. W. Holmes. 
 
 " In the world's broad field of battle, 
 
 "In the bivouac of life, 
 
 " Be not like dumb, driven cattle, 
 
 '• Be a hero in the strife, 
 
 " Trust no futute, howe'er pleasant / 
 
 "Let the dead past bury its dead/ 
 
 " Act— act in the living present ! 
 
 •• Heirt within and God o'er head! " 
 
 Longfellow. 
 
CHAPTER FIFTH. 
 
 In the year 1883, Mr. Neesima began to think 
 and plan actively to enlist interest among Japanese 
 friends in the establishment of a universitj% or in 
 the broadening out of the Doshisha into a Christ- 
 ian university. Up to this time the school had 
 only been known in Japan as a Christian school, 
 and the general idea among the leading men in 
 the empire was that it was a school simply for 
 training Christian preachers and evangelists ; this 
 was the very natural conclusion from the fact the 
 most of the graduates up to that time had engaged 
 in active Christian work. For this reason it was 
 a very difficult matter to appeal for help for the 
 school ; but Mr. Neesima never swerved from his 
 great purpose of a Christian school, nor from 
 stating that publicly in his appeals ; it was import- 
 ant to show the public that something besides the 
 Bible and theology were taught in the school, and 
 that its aim was a broader one than simply the 
 training of evangelists, but it was always made 
 very clear that the foundation of the school was a 
 Christian one and that Christianity was the founda- 
 tion of the morality taught in it. 
 
■j6 Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 
 
 The writer was present at the first public meet- 
 ing held for the purpose of awa'-:ening an interest 
 in the university among the Japanese; it was held 
 in a large hall in Kyoto in the spring of 1884. 
 About fifty of the officials and leading business men 
 of the city were present and Mr. Neesima, Prof. 
 Ichihara and the wTJter, each addressed the meet- 
 ing ; those addresses were all strong in their state- 
 ments that Christianity is and must be the foundation 
 of all moral education. Prof. Ichihara's speech 
 was one of the most ringing appeals for Christianit5' 
 as the necessary foundation of all education to 
 which I ever listened. The printed appeals which 
 were made later speak for themselves. 
 
 The following is a free translation of the first 
 general appeal for the University. It was prepared 
 by Mr. Neesima and Mr. Yamamoto aid issued in 
 May, 1884. " The recent political changes in Japan 
 have swept away feudalism which had been the basis 
 of society for many hundred years, and the influence 
 of these changes has grown stronger and stronger 
 until the society of Japan is very greatly changed. 
 It appears like a new Japan. There are many who 
 say that the government, the education, the com- 
 merce and the industries which have existed in Japan 
 must be improved. We heartily agree with their 
 purpose as right and important to our civilization, but 
 at the present time, when we look carefully at the 
 
Broadimng Plans ; Tour Abroad. 77 
 
 condition of the country, there is one thing- which 
 gives us great sorrow. What is that? It is that 
 there does not exist in Japan a university which is 
 founded upon the most pure morahty and which 
 teaches the new science. This is a necessary founda- 
 tion of our civiUzation. In natural beauty and 
 natural advantages Japan is not inferior to Europe 
 and America. Why then is its civilization so differ- 
 ent from theirs ? It is also certain that there are in 
 Japan but few noted men of earnest purpose. Hence 
 we need universities in Japan. 
 
 " We can learn from the examples which Europe 
 gives us. In the sixteenth century, the great leader 
 Luther, said, ' If parents or brothers refuse to send 
 children to school, they are enemies of the state and 
 they ought to be punished.' The learned German, 
 Fichte, said, ' The reason that our nation staids 
 first ill civilization among the countries of Europe is 
 in the power which comes from our universities.' 
 The twelfth century was the dawning period of 
 European civilization. At that time Greek Philoso- 
 phy was studied in the Paris University. In Italy 
 the ancient Roman laws were studied in the Uni- 
 versity of Bologiia. Between that time and the year 
 1600, the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge 
 were founded in England, Edinburgh and Glasgow 
 in Scotland, Prague, Heidelberg, Leipsic Tubingen 
 and Jena in Germany, and Dublin University was 
 
78 Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 
 
 founded in Ireland. Besides these, universities have 
 been founded in Holland, Spain, Portugal and 
 Austria. 
 
 " Abelard, Roger Bacon, Kepler, Galileo, Lord 
 Bacon, Locke, Newton, Milton, Leibnitz, Kant, Reid 
 and Hamilton were famous in those countries as 
 great scholars. As reformers of politics and re- 
 ligion, Pym, Hampden, Pitt, Fox, Burke, Johnson, 
 Wycliffe, Luther, Calvin and John Knox were 
 noted. By these universities aU science and philoso- 
 phy have been improved and advanced, by them 
 feudalism and despotism have been destroyed, by 
 them the social ranks and the powers of the nobles 
 and priests have been resiteil, by them the desire 
 for liberty and the demand for self-government have 
 bee.i awakened. The English revolution and the 
 religious reformation have occurred, which have 
 completely changed the condition of Europe. In 
 the year 1800 there were over 100 universities in 
 Europe. That the civilization of Europe has been 
 rapidly advanced by the universities is a most patent 
 fact. 
 
 " Now look at the American universities and col- 
 leges which number over 300, and of which only 
 eight have been built by the government. Harvard, 
 Yale, Princeton, Amherst, Williams, Dartmouth and 
 Oberlin are noted, especially the first, which is the 
 most famous one ; in it are now 110 professors, and 
 
Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. yg 
 
 a library containing 134,000 volumes and its endow- 
 ment amounts to 14,854,372 dollars. In 1872 there 
 were in the United States 298 collegres and univer- 
 sities, but during- the seven years to 1879, 66 were 
 added. This great growth of higher education in 
 the United States is a very wonderful thing in the 
 world. 
 
 "In the year 1620, the Pilgrim Fathers landed 
 in Plymouth ; they came that they might enjoy free- 
 dom to worship God. They established a school 
 which was founded upon Christian morality. Since 
 that time, during 260 years, their descendants have 
 inherited the spirit and carried out the purpose of 
 the fathers ; they have believed that such schools 
 would diminish the number of evil doers, and 
 increase the number of those who do good ; that 
 they would encourage the spirit of hberty and 
 become the foundation of the state ; they have be- 
 lieved that in order to become a nation with the 
 best free government they must have universities 
 which are founded upon Christian morality, where 
 the sciences will be taught. We cannot doubt but 
 that their free institutions have been the result of 
 this spirit. 
 
 " As soon as our government saw the importance 
 of the university, it established one in Tokyo, and 
 it has also built several academies. From these we 
 shall see some intellectual development and external 
 
8o Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 
 
 advancement, but not moral development and inter- 
 nal improvement. 
 
 " Some are trying; to improve the morality of the 
 people, but they demand that the old morality of 
 China shall be used with the people, and hence we 
 cannot rejoice at their efforts, for the Chinese 
 morality has not influence upon the mind of men 
 generally. All oriental states are almost destitute of 
 liberty and Christian morality : they cannot therefore 
 rapidly advance in civilization. The growth of 
 liberty, the development of science, the advancement 
 of politics and the power of morality have brought 
 forth the European civilization. These four import- 
 ant effects have come from the study of the advanc- 
 ing' sciences upon the foundation of Christian 
 morality. 
 
 '" We cannot believe, then, that without morality 
 and science, civilization can come in Japan. To put 
 the foundation of our state upo.i this foundarion is 
 just like putting- the foundation of a building' upon 
 a rock. No sword can conquer it ; no tempest can 
 break it ; no waves can overcome it. If it is put 
 upon the old Chinese morality, it will be just like 
 putting it upon a sandy beach of the sea ; when the 
 rough waves beat against it, it falls into ruin. We 
 are therefore hoping for a university which is found- 
 ed upon pure morality and which teaches modern 
 advanced science. We have been very earnest in 
 
Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 8 1 
 
 this matter. In the eighth year of Meiji, we establi- 
 shed the Doshisha school in Kyoto, and its purpose 
 was to teach European science and to give also moral 
 education. Its students have increased year by year. 
 But our aim has ever been to build a university. 
 
 "In April of the i6th year of Meiji, we publicly 
 expressed our purpose and received much encour- 
 agement ; at this time we met our friends in Kyoto, 
 and named it the Meiji University. We have 
 determined to raise an endowment first for a depart- 
 ment of History, Philosophy, Politics and Econo- 
 mics, and gradually to found one also of Law and 
 of Medicine. But it is not easy to establish this, 
 for we must, as a first step, get a large amount of 
 money with which we can erect some buildings and 
 call some professors. We, being so few in number, 
 cannot furnish this money, but we cannot give up 
 our purpose to establish this university now. We 
 must work for new Japan. All true patriot should 
 do this. Please help us, as far as you are able, to 
 accomplish our purpose and do this work. Unless 
 we receive your help, we cannot succeed in this 
 great purpose." 
 
 In the early part of 1884, it became evident that 
 the strain of the last nine years had so exhausted 
 Mr. Neesima, that he must have a complete change. 
 He had tried in vain to rest in Japan ; he could not 
 escape from the many calls which pressed upon him 
 
82 Broadening Plans; Tour Abroad. 
 
 everywhere ; he could not forg-et the great work 
 he had undertaken ; it was always before his eyes 
 and upon his heart. He at last yielded to the 
 earnest solicitations of his friends, and accepted Mr, 
 Hardy's generous invitation to go to the United 
 States by way of Europe, and on the 6th of April, 
 1884, he started from Kobe on his long journey. 
 He landed in Italy at Naples. 
 
 His daily journals from the time of leaving Japan, 
 until he left Switzerland, are very full ; they are 
 little encyclopedias of information on every subject ; 
 it is wonderful to see how mnch information he 
 gathered, and especially, are they very full on the 
 educati<5nal side. He visited all the schools and 
 colleges he could, and minutely inspected their 
 whole plan of teaching, studies and buildings, and 
 wrote out all the details. He secured letters of 
 introduction to the men who were at the head of 
 the Catholic Colleges in Italy and inspected them 
 very carefully ; also the Waldensian Theological 
 school in Florence. He spent several weeks in the 
 Waldensian \'alley and carefully studied the history, 
 the persecutions, the school system and the ways of 
 working of that Church. From there he went by 
 the St. Gotthard route into Switzerland ; his note 
 books are full of his pencil drawings to illustrate the 
 architecture, and, especially, grape raising, cheese 
 making, etc., etc. 
 
Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 83 
 
 On the 6th of Aug., he started with a German 
 traveller to go up the St. Gotthard pass. It was a 
 g-entle climb of about 2,000 feet. He says in his 
 note book, " One and a half miles this side of the 
 pass, I began to breathe hard, I could not go ; I 
 was left behind ; I stopped every ten rods ; finally 
 I reached the pass ; I ate dinner, but after that I 
 found myself worse and worse ; I could not go any 
 farther. I stayed at the hotel Prosa until the next 
 day ; that afternoon I found myself very miserable. 
 I thought it might possibly be the end of my life, 
 in this world. While I had a most distressed feeling 
 in my chest, I wrote my will, as follows ; First 
 paper ; I am a native of Japan, and am a missionary 
 to my native land. On account of my iU heath I 
 was obliged to leave my country for health. I 
 came from Milan to Andermatt yesterday, and took 
 a room at the hotel Oberalp. I took a trip to the 
 St. Gotthard pass with a German gentleman this 
 morning ; as I found myself too unwell to go on, 
 he left me here and went on to Airolo. I found 
 myself hard of breathing, it must be some trouble 
 in my heart. My goods are left in the hotel 
 Oberalp with some money. If I die here, please 
 send a telegram to Pastor Jurino, 51 Via Torino 
 Milan, and ask him to take charge of my body. 
 May the kind heavenly Father receive my soul to 
 his bosom. Aug. 6th, 1884. J. H. Neesima, Who- 
 
84 Broadcnhig Plans ; Tour Abroad. 
 
 ever reads this writing, pray for Japan, my dear 
 native land." 
 
 " Second paper ; I would ask Pastor Jurino to 
 bury me in Milan and send this writingf to Hon. 
 Alpheus Hardy, 4 Joy St., Boston, Mass., U. S. A., 
 as he and his wife have been my benefactors these 
 twenty years. May the Lord give them ample re- 
 wards ! Send a telegram to him at once. Please 
 cut a little portion of my hair and send to my dear 
 wife in Kyoto, Japan, as a token of the inseparable 
 bond of union in Christ. My plan for Japan will 
 be defeated ; but thanks be to the Lord that he has 
 already done so much for us. I trust he will yet 
 do a wonderful work there. May the Lord raise 
 up many true Christians and noble patriots for m}^ 
 dear fatherland ! Amen and amen. 
 
 " At this moment all sorts of thoughts came up 
 themselves at once. I reviewed the past as well as 
 the future. My plan for our school ; my plan for 
 a medical school ; my hope to get something for 
 these plans ; my filial feeling toward my aged 
 parents ; my tender sympathy with rny wife ; disap- 
 pointments of my intimate friends in Japan ; my most 
 grateful feeling towards Mr. and Mrs. Hardy ; all 
 these feelings and thoughts came up within me and 
 I struggled with them, but I can safety state here 
 that I overcame all these feelings, and prayed to 
 God to let his will be done in me ; asked for his 
 
Broadening Plans ; Totir Abroad. 85 
 
 forgiving grace through Christ Jesus. I wrote these 
 above two papers because I was ready to go if it 
 be his will. I had many plans for Japan, but I 
 knew that the I^ord cares for Japan more than I. 
 I humbly committed my country's future to his 
 unerring hand. I felt quite submitted myself to his 
 will, but someway tears dropped from my eyes and 
 I could scarcely refrain from it. After I prayed for 
 my soul as well as for the friends who might be 
 left behind, I took a tablespoonful of brandy to 
 prevent my chills, and put a mustard plaster on my 
 chest to prevent my distressed feeling." 
 
 He gradually rallied again, so that the next day 
 he was moved in a carriage back to Andermatt ; 
 when he was able, he went on to Lucerne, and 
 consulted a physician who told him that his heart 
 was affected and that he must avoid all violent 
 exercise. He travelled leisurely down the Rhine, 
 through Holland and across to England and reached 
 the United States in the early autumn. 
 
 Below is a specimen note from his journal, " A 
 short visit to the pastor of Rosa, Italy. Rev. Flugen. 
 I was conducted by a man to his home from the 
 kitchen door. I observed that everything was in an 
 old fashioned style but quite comfortable, neat and 
 snug ; I was also led to the dining room which was 
 a large one ; a board floor, everything looks simple 
 and unassuming. I saw pictures on the walls ; the 
 
86 Broadening Plans , Tour Abroad. 
 
 frames are simple. Some pictures cut out from 
 papers are pinned on the walls. His wife seemed 
 quite intelligent and happy ; she dressed simple and 
 neat. His two children looked bright and healthy. 
 Evidendy it must be a happy home. He is loved 
 by his people and they are glad to meet and salute 
 him on the street." 
 
 Mr. Neesima reached the United States in the 
 early autumn of that year and attended the meeting 
 of the Board at Columbus, Ohio, but he was unable 
 to speak, except a few words. He rested on 
 through that winter, passing some time at the health 
 retreat at Clifton Springs, New York. He wrote 
 from Boston in March, 1885, " Since Feb. 3rd, I 
 have been obliged to lay aside all my reading- and 
 writing-." This brief le'.ter was written with a tremb- 
 ling hand. He says, "I am still troubled with a 
 burning headache, and have been obliged to keep 
 myself quiet, so far as I can." " I came through 
 this winter without a serious attack of rheumatism, 
 and the only trouble I have now is a burning, heavy 
 headache, with occasional repeats of pain in my 
 forehead. I can't do much yet, but I am not 
 discouraged ; I am cheerful and hopeful." 
 
 In April and May he made a visit to Washington, 
 stopping in Delaware and other places ; but as his 
 health impro\'ed a littie his soul was wholly absorb- 
 ed in thoughts and plans for his beloved land. 
 
Broadciiing Plans ; Tour Abroad. 87 
 
 He tried to work for the best interest of the Chris- 
 tian paper in Tokyo ; he suggested a revision of the 
 Theological course of study in the Doshisha, to 
 make it more scholarly ; he writes from Boston, 
 March 25th, 1885, "The Board are thinking to 
 send a graduate of Ann Arbor University to teach 
 Philosophy, etc., to make the Theological depart- 
 ment more attracti\'e to our ambitious students. I 
 hope your mission will heartily respond to this new 
 movement on this side of the Pacific." 
 
 His heart was greatly moved also-with thoughts 
 and plans for the enlargeme.it of the direct evangel- 
 istic work in Japan. He says in the same letter, 
 " I am glad to learn that the work in the Aunaka 
 region is so hopeful. They have recendy built two 
 more houses of worship." " It may be desirable to 
 occupy a few important centers in Kiushu and in 
 Northern Japan, but the most important work to 
 carry out Christ's kingdom is to raise men after 
 God's own heart. If you raise up strong and truly 
 pious men to -work for Christ, Japan sill be ours in 
 his name. Let 71s unite ottrselves is this case and 
 push it through. I will soon ask a lady in Louisville, 
 Kentucky, to send me sixty dollars to help our 
 needy students." 
 
 He was al?o working to secure a way by which 
 Prof. Shimomura could go to the United States to 
 study, and stiU further to find some plan by which 
 
88 Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 
 
 other men could have the foreign training- they 
 needed to fit them to teach in the Doshisha. He 
 says in the same letter. May 26th,'' With regard to 
 founding special scholarship-chairs in our school, it 
 may be hard to raise fund enough here to secure a 
 few American professorships ; so I will work to 
 secure the fund in Japan and raise up the native 
 professorships. In order to do that, a few best stu- 
 dents out of our graduates ought to be sent here to 
 pursue the special studies to fit themselves for this 
 new enterprise. I am strongly convinced that we 
 can't keep up our reputation in future, unless we 
 provide a few professional studies besides Theology, 
 so I am hoping to secure a few scholarships to help 
 our students to attain the high education in this 
 country. We may meet many objections here and 
 at home, but I feel we are rather compelled to take 
 this bold step. If we could get a few sholarships 
 here to educate and fit our students to be professors, 
 we could start a few new chairs, on Political Sciences 
 Philosophy, History, etc., without a great expence 
 to us. The government is doing this in the Tokyo 
 University, why cannot we do the same in our 
 school ? I hope our friends in Japan will raise 
 money enough for us to start this new enterprise. 
 " To sum up my view, let me briefly state as fol- 
 lows : I . Give our students a thorough English 
 course. 2. Make the Theological course more at- 
 
Broadc7itng Plans ; Tour Abroad. 89 
 
 tractive to our ambitious stude.its to eater m. Let 
 the foreign professors devote their time and strength 
 for instructing this important class. 3. Provide for 
 other professional studies to keep those biys, who 
 will not become preachers, within the sacred walls 
 of our school. 4. If secure a few scholarships, I 
 should like to use them exclusively for the best 
 students, intellectually and spiritually, among the 
 Theological graduates. This provision will certainly 
 make the Theological class honorable and attractive 
 in our school. Under this fourth heading, I should 
 say still further ; I called on President Porter another 
 day and asked him of his view on my new plan to 
 secure a few scholarships here. He favors this idea 
 ver5.' much. I have been working quite hard to 
 secure some favor for our students, very few in 
 number, in the Johns Hopkins University and also 
 at Yale and Amherst. I hope they will show some 
 special favor to our students if we send them -our 
 best specimens. 
 
 " Before I close my letter, allow me to state to 
 you that in all these my attempts, I forget myself, 
 I still suffer in my head, I feel that I am moving 
 onward in our battle field just as you do, though I 
 am seat here to rest." At the close of this le;;ter he 
 says, '■ I cannot write such a letter without shedding 
 many tears. My heart is constantly burning like a 
 volcanic fire for my dearly beloved Japan. Pray for 
 
go Broadening Plans ; Tottr Abroad. 
 
 me that I may rest in the Lord. Yours in the 
 Lord Joseph H. Neesima." 
 
 Before the left the United States, Mr. Neesima 
 \vrote, " An Appeal for Advanced Christian Educa- 
 tion in Japan." which was circulated in the United 
 States, of which extracts are here given. 
 
 '■ Old Japan is defeated. New Japan has won its 
 victory. The old Asiatic system is silently passing 
 away, and the new European ideas so recently trans- 
 planted there are growing vigorously and luxuriantl3\ 
 Within the past twenty years Japan has undergone 
 a vast change, and is now so advanced that it will 
 be impossible for her to fall back to her former 
 position. She has shaken off her old robe. She is 
 ready to adopt something better. The daily press 
 so copiously scattered throughout the Empire is 
 constantly creating among readers some fresh desire 
 and appetite for the new change. Her leading minds 
 will no longer bear with the old form of despotic 
 feudalism, neither be contented with the worn-out 
 doctrines of Asiatic morals and religions. They cried 
 out for a constitution a few years ago, and have 
 already obtained a promise from the Emperor to 
 have it given them in the year 1890. The pagan 
 religions seem to their inquiring mind mere relics of 
 die old superstition. 
 
 " The compulsory education lately carried out in 
 the common schools, amounting in number to almost 
 
Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. g i 
 
 thirty thousand, is proved to be a mighty factor to 
 quicken and elevate the intelligence of the masses. 
 The Imperial University at Tokyo is sending out men 
 of high culture by the hundred every year to take 
 some responsible positions either in the governmental 
 service or private capacities. Another university will 
 soon ba founded by the government at Osaka, the 
 second important commercial city of the Empire, to 
 accommodate the youths so anxiously craving the 
 higer education. It will be out of the way for me 
 to dwell here upon the material progress Japan has 
 so recently made. But let it suffice to state that the 
 waters of her coasts are busily plowed by her own 
 steamers. Public roads are constantly improved. 
 Tunnels are being cut here and there, and railways 
 are being laid to connect important commercial 
 points. Telegraph wires are stretched throughout 
 the v\ hole length and breadth of ths Empire. Sur- 
 veying what she has accomplished within so short a 
 period, we cannot help thinking that she is bound to 
 adopt the form of European civilization, and will 
 never cease until she be crowned with success .in 
 accomplishing her national aim. 
 
 " In order to bring about the recent change and 
 progress she has painfully sacrificed her precious 
 blood as well as her vast treasure. Indeed, her 
 victory has been dearly purchased. It was a quick 
 work, and was well done. It was a sudden move- 
 
gz Broadening Plans; Tour Abroad. 
 
 ment, but to our great wonder, \'ery few mistakes 
 have been made in her past course. She has tried 
 her best as far as her capacity would allow. The 
 most serious period of our political revolution is 
 nearly passed, and society as well as the government 
 will soon precipitate into some new shape. But what 
 shape ? To the writer of this article our immediate 
 future seems a more serious problem than the past. 
 The question is necessarily rising- among us, what 
 will be our future ? True ! She is destined to have 
 a free constitutional government. She is bound to 
 have her people thoroughly educated. It will be a 
 grand achievement if a free constitution and higher 
 education be secured to her people. But these two 
 factors may be proved to be the very elements apt to 
 bring out freedom of opinions, and hence the terrible 
 batdes of free opinions. A fearful national chaos 
 might be her fate if nothing intervene to prevent it. If 
 the nation be allowed to take her own course as she 
 does now, hope for her regeneration might forever be 
 gone. But in the time of need. Providence, which 
 rules the nations with infinite wisdom, has stepped in 
 to save us from this national calamity and despair. It 
 was neither too soon nor too late when the mission- 
 aries of the cross from America landed on our shore 
 to proclaim the soul-saving gospel to the people. 
 Through their earnest labor and constant prayers the 
 foundation of the Christian church was soon laid. 
 
Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 93 
 
 " We believe Christianity is intended to benefit 
 mankind at large. Why should we not undertake 
 to extend our influence toward the higher sphere, 
 as weE as toward the lower, that we might win all 
 men to Christ ? Why should we seriously object to 
 raise up Christian statesmen. Christian lawyers, 
 Christian editors, and Christian merchants, was well 
 as Christian preachers and teachers, within the walls 
 of our Christian institutions? It is our humble 
 piurpose to save Japan through Christianity. The 
 souls and bodies of our Orientals ought to be tho- 
 roughly purged, and consecrated to Christ for 
 establishing his glorious kingdom in the earth as in 
 heaven. If we do not raise up men after God's own 
 heart in the different spheres of our society to leaven 
 the whole lump, we fear the seed of destruction will 
 be soon sown by other agents while we make this 
 delay. Remember what our Saviour said in Luke 
 xvi : 8 : ' For the children of this world are in their 
 generation wiser tha;i the children of light.' 
 
 " There might be some undue fear that such a 
 provision of those higher studies would naturally 
 draw away ambitious students from the Theological 
 course. It may be, but we trust we shall receive a 
 larger supply of students in the Academical course, 
 so that some could be spared for other studies 
 without much loss to the Theological department. On 
 the contrary, we may possibly attract some students 
 
Q4 Broadening Plans ; Toiir Abroad. 
 
 to it from the other courses. Some evil may arise 
 in such an undertaking, but it may be overbalanced 
 by the good accomplished by it. Now allow us to 
 state a few reasons for this undertaking : 
 
 1 . Such a provision will detain the youths for 
 further studies in the school after finishing the 
 Academical course. It will help them to develop 
 and strengthen their Christian character. 
 
 2. Such a provision will accommodate some 
 thoughtful parents, who may naturally desire to send 
 their boys to a school where their moral character 
 is carefully fostered and wHl be likely to be develo- 
 ped so strong as to be a safeguard against youthful 
 vices and corruption. 
 
 3. The youths who have thus received a broad 
 culture will certainly have a grand opportunity to 
 iniluence society for good. Words and deeds of 
 well-educated, earnest Christians in different spheres 
 of society will help the cause very much either 
 directly or indirectly. Sometimes indirect efforts 
 produce more speedy results than direct. 
 
 4. This provision will surely benefit and tone up 
 the Theological course, instead of causing any serious 
 harm to it. 
 
 5. We desire to lay down a broad basis for 
 Christian education by encouraging post-graduate 
 studies. 
 
 " The time is just ripening for us to take this step 
 
Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 95 
 
 so as to attract thereto the best and most talented 
 youths in the country and foster and fit them for the 
 highest good and noblest purpose. We are thus 
 compelled to attempt this broad sweep to reach and 
 win thirty-seven million precious souls to Christ. 
 Seeds of truth must be sown now. Undue delay 
 will give a grand chance to unbelieving hands to 
 make thorough mischief and render that beautiful 
 island empire hopelessly barren and fruitless. O 
 Japan, thou the fairest of Asia! 'If I forget thee, 
 let my right hand forget her cunning and let my 
 tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth.' 
 
 '* As I mentioned above, a movement was started 
 at Kyoto last year to raise some money to found 
 chairs for those special studies. But our friends are 
 very few yet. The people are now pressed hard on 
 account of the business stagnation, and a most dest- 
 ructive flood lately visited the country. So we can- 
 not expect to receive from them any large donation. 
 When we met a number of the eminent citizens of 
 Kyoto last year for this specific purpose, we urged 
 them to give us a fund before the year i 8qo so that 
 when the Emperor gives us a constitution in the 
 same year, we might found a University to com- 
 memorate the most extraordinary period of our 
 political history. This appeal created among them 
 a great ienthusiasm. Some of them gave us their 
 hearty pledge to do their share. So we may pos- 
 
g6 Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 
 
 sibly realize some gift just sufficient to support a few 
 native professors. But it is beyond our expectation 
 to receive a fund large enough to sustain even a few 
 American professors. So if a few professorships 
 should be given by some American friends to found 
 chairs of Political Science, History, Literature, 
 Philosophy, etc., it will help the cause grandly. 
 Some people in this country may hardly realize how 
 dangerously our shores are visited and washed by 
 the strong tide of modern European unbelief. But 
 to a native of the country, who has been seriously 
 watching and observing the course recently taken by 
 the people, the present time seems grave. The 
 future battle in Japan may not be with any foreign 
 invaders. But it will certainly be between Christian- 
 ity and unbelief. 
 
 Shall we remain at peace and unequipped because 
 God would fight for us for his kingdom's sake ? We 
 fear he will not help us unless we do our part. It 
 is the time for us to make an extraordinan' effort 
 to push evangelical work as well as Christian educar 
 tion in Japan in order to save her from corruption 
 and unbelief. The American Board has done for us 
 in the educational line as much as it can wisely do. 
 Yet there remains much to be done in order to 
 carry out our work more efficiently. The Lord's 
 army must not be hampered there while the battle 
 is fairly commencing. Strong means must be proAi- 
 
Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 97 
 
 ded there in order to furnish to the field strong men 
 from time to time. 
 
 " Now who will step forth in this grand republic 
 of America to render us timely help to save lis from 
 this impending national calamity ? Here may be 
 some friends seriously considering how their pro- 
 perty might be best disposed of for benefiting poor 
 humanity. With such we would earnestly plea,d 
 and loudly cry, ' Remember us.' Would that God 
 might touch the hearts of some individuals to give 
 us a portion of their, blessings, and establish chairs 
 for advanced Christian education there as a perpetual 
 monument of peace between the United States of 
 America and Japan, through which the millions of 
 our people and their posterity might be blessed." 
 
 In the autumn of 1885, Mr. Neesima returned to 
 Japan, somewhat improved in health, but still suffer- 
 ing from weakness and headache. He at once 
 began to work quiedy here for the establishment of 
 the University. He made many earnest friends for 
 the enterprise, and many sums of money were 
 promised toward its endowment. This quiet work 
 and the issue and circulation of small circulars in 
 regard to the University, continued during two or 
 three years, but it was not until 1888 that a public 
 and determined effort was made for the endowment 
 of the University. About six hundred and fifty of 
 the officials, scholars and leading business me,i af 
 
gS Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 
 
 Kyoto, assembled in one of the larg'e temples in 
 Kyoto, and were addressed by Mr. Neesima and 
 others, and much interest was aroused in behalf of 
 the Doshisha University. 
 
 In the summer of that year Mr. Neesima went to 
 Tokyo and worked in the interest of the University. 
 So great was his weakness, however, that one evening 
 as he met a few friends to present his plan of the 
 University, he fainted quite away. In July of that 
 year, however, Count Inouye, late Minister of For- 
 eign Affairs, gave a dinner one evening to men of 
 rank and wealth, inviting Mr. Neesima to be present, 
 and after dinner he introduced the subject and asked 
 Mr. Neesima to speak of the University, and the 
 result was, that Count Inouye subscribed one thous- 
 and yen. Count Okiima, one thousand yen. Viscount 
 Aoki, the.i Vice -minister of state, five hundred yen, 
 a prominent banker six thousand yen and others 
 enough to bring the amount up to 31.000 yen. This 
 gave great enthusiasm to the movement. 
 
 How was this result secured ? Mr. Neesima's 
 connection with the Iwakura embassy in 187 1, in 
 America and Europe, called the attention of the 
 leading men of the empire to him ; then the con- 
 tinued opposition to the school during the first few 
 years of its existence compelled attention ; the eyes 
 of the empire were upon the school to see what its 
 aim and outcome were ; so, when the school sent 
 
Broadening Plans ; Tmir Abroad. gg 
 
 out such a class as that which graduated from the 
 Theological department in 1879, the fifteen men who 
 came up from Capt. Janes' school, and the gfovern- 
 ment saw them take such positions and do such 
 work as Mr. Kosaki has done in Tokyo ; Mr. 
 Ebina in Joshu ; Mr. Miyagawa in Osaka ; Mr. 
 Kanamori in Okayama ; Mr. Ise in Imabaui and as 
 Mr. Ichihara and Mr. Morita did as teachers in 
 the Doshisha, and saw others taking positions as 
 teachers, or as a clerk in a department of state, or 
 as an attache of a foreign legation : when they saw 
 another class of thirteen go out from the Theological 
 department and take positions as earnest pastors and 
 teachers, when they saw the graduates of the Col- 
 legiate course nearly all stable, moral men, taking 
 positions as teachers in schools, or entering their own 
 University in Tokyo, and helping to give moral tone 
 and character to that, they were impressed with the 
 importance of the Doshisha for the Empire of Japan. 
 When the tenth anniversary of the founding of the 
 school was celebrated in 1885, the Governor of the 
 Kyoto-Fu, the Governor of the Shiga Ken and many 
 other officials were present, and were greatly interest- 
 ed. Count InoLiye had also visited the school and 
 addressed the teachers and scholars, assembled in 
 the chapel. It was not from any blind impulse that 
 this money was given ; the school had proved its 
 Jight to be, and that it was a needed power in Japan. 
 
loo Broadening Plans; Tour Abroad. 
 
 In the last English letter which Mr. Neesima wrote, 
 only a few days before his death, from which a long- 
 quotation has already been made, he says, " Since 
 1884, 1 began to hope for founding a Christian univer- 
 sity ; the matter seemed to myself and also to my 
 friends here that I am hoping for something altoge- 
 ther beyond hope ; however, I had a strong con- 
 viction that God will help us to found it in his own 
 name's sake. In order to e igage in such an under- 
 taking, one shall need a strong;- physique ; alas, my 
 health has been poor for some years. When I made 
 a speech before six hundred and fifty select audience 
 at Kyoto, in a large Buddhist temple, in behalf of 
 the new University, I had hardly strength enough to 
 do it ; then I came to Tokyo to beg for the fund ; I 
 did faiat away when I did see a few choice friends 
 at the study of a certain gentleman. The chief 
 trouble was in my heart, a heart disease. I was ob- 
 liged to confine myself for sometime. As soon as I 
 became comfortable enough, I attempted to move 
 around again. In a single evening thirty-one thou- 
 sand yen were subscribed to us, a most memorable 
 evening to us ; it took place in the latter part of July, 
 1888. Since then subscriptions came from the dif- 
 ferent parts of the country. At present we have 
 raised over 60,000 yen. We are now attempting to 
 raise it up to 100,000 yen before this coming sum- 
 mer. Since October, I have been away from home 
 
Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. loi 
 
 moving round here and there, though I made Tokyo 
 the headquarters of my present movement. 
 
 In the latter part of November I became seriously 
 ill ; I have not yet fully recovered my strength, and 
 am now obliged to rest at quiet country town to 
 regain certain strength to attempt beggings further. 
 My humble idea of founding a university is to 
 educate the coming race in higher studies, being in- 
 fluenced by Christian light and Christian conscience. 
 We would put our best strength to Theology, then 
 to Philosophy, Literature, Science, Law, Political 
 Economy, etc. We have had chairs for Theology 
 for some time. Lately, we have secured 100,000 
 dollars for Science ; we are further waiting for funds 
 to come to found some studies, one by one. It is a 
 faith work. When you find spare money either in 
 yourself, or in your friends, please remember us. I 
 have a full hope that my vague day-dream for a 
 Christian university will sooner or later be realized, 
 and that in some future, we shall find a grand oc- 
 casion to give thanks to Him who has led us and 
 blessed us beyond our expectation. Please remember 
 me to your sabbath school friends and ask them to 
 pray for our country." 
 
 In this connection, we should speak of an appeal 
 for the University which Mr. Neesima prepared in 
 the autumn of 1888 and which was published simul- 
 taneously on the loth of November of that year in 
 
I02 Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 
 
 twenty of the leading papers of Japan. This plea for 
 a university is worth reproduction here ; being, as 
 it were, his last message to Japan. 
 
 " About twenty years ago, at a time when our 
 country was greatly excited over the question of 
 intercourse with foreign nations, having the desire of 
 studying in Western countri&s, I went to Hakodate, 
 and from thence, in violation of the law which for- 
 bade Japanese to leave their country, I succeeded in 
 getting passage on a merchant-ship, and arrived in 
 Boston after a year of hard life as a sailor. In 
 Boston, happily for my purposes, I was welcomed 
 and aided by a well-known American gentleman, by 
 whose kindness I was enabled to study in Amherst 
 College and Andover Seminary. During the more 
 than ten years of my stude.it life in America, observ- 
 ing the conditions of Western civilization and having 
 opportunity to meet and converse with many leading 
 men, I became gradually convinced that the civiliza- 
 tion of the United States has sprung by gradual and 
 Constant development from one great source, namely, 
 education, and also I was led to reflect upon the 
 intimate relation between education and national 
 development. Hence it came to pass that I resolved 
 to take education for my lifework and to devote my- 
 self to this undertaking. 
 
 In the fourth year of Meiji (1871), while I was 
 studying at Andover, Mr. Tanaka, minister of edu- 
 
Broadening 'Plans ; Toiir Abroad. 103 
 
 cation, came with the late Mr. Iwakura. ambassador, 
 to observe the condition of education in Western 
 countries, and I received an official invitation to ac- 
 company them for this purpose. After visiting the 
 famous academies and universities of, the United 
 States and Canada, we traveled in Germany, France, 
 England, Scotland, Switzerland, Holland, Denmark 
 and Russia, and I had opportunity to carefully ex- 
 amine the state of education and the condition of the 
 schools in these countries. The result was that I 
 became more and more convinced that education is 
 the foundation of Western civilization, and that in 
 order to make our Japan a nation worthy to be 
 counted among the enlightened countries of the 
 world we must introduce not only the externals of 
 modern civilization, but its essential spirit. Accord- 
 ingly I was the more strengthened in my resolution 
 to establish a university after my return to my home 
 and thus to discharge my duty to my native land. 
 In the seventh of Meiji (1874), I was about to 
 return to Japan, and was present at the annual 
 meeting of the American Board and made a short 
 address at the request of many friends : ' I said that 
 my country was in a disorganized condition, that the 
 people were wandering in search of a light which might 
 guide them into the right way, and that true educa- 
 tion was the only means by which the people could 
 make progress both in knowledge and morality. 
 
I04 Broadening Plans ; Totir Abroad. 
 
 In speaking of this I was so much moved that I could 
 not refrain' from shedding tears. Taking one step 
 more in my speech, I said that on returning to my 
 native land I should surely devote my life to educa- 
 tional wrork, and begged my hearers to help me, if 
 they approved my purpose. No sooner had I thus 
 spoken than a number of ladies and gentlemeii in the 
 audience signified their approval of my request by 
 contributing several thousand dollars on the spot. 
 Thus the Doshisha was established ; and its 
 purpose was, not merely to give instruction in 
 English and other branches of learning, but to impart 
 higher moral and spiritual principles, and to train up 
 not only men of science and learning, but men of 
 conscientiousness and sincerity. This we believe can 
 never be attained by one-sided intellectuall education, 
 nor by Confucianism, which has lost its power to 
 control and regulate the mind, but only by a 
 thorough education founded on the Christian prin- 
 ciples of faith in God, love of truth, and benevolence 
 to one's fellowmen. That our work is founded upon 
 these principles is the point in which we have differed 
 from the pr'evailitig views on education, and owing 
 to this we failed to gain the sympathy of the public 
 for a number of years. At that time our condition 
 was very weak, with almost no friends in the whole 
 country, with our principles of education not only 
 despised by the ignorant, but treated with contempt 
 
Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 1 05 
 
 even by men of enlig-htenment. Nevertheless, being; 
 convinced of the ultimate victory of truth, helping 
 and strengthening each other, we proceeded on our 
 way with a single eye to the end and with strong 
 determination amid the greatest defficulties. 
 
 Fortunately general opinion has now changed 
 respecting religion, so that even those who do not 
 themselves believe in Christianity are ready to ac- 
 knowledge that it contains a living power for the 
 regeneration of men. Thus societj^ has been pre- 
 pared to welcome us. At the same time our Doshisha 
 has come to be appreciated and respected, and people 
 have begun to recognize that we are giving our 
 students a sound and well-balanced education both 
 intellectually and morally, so that our school is one 
 to which parents many send their children without 
 hesitation. Meeting with such favourable reception 
 our school has steadily advanced both in number of 
 students and in grade of its curriculum, and ever our 
 friends have urged us to furnish higher and higher 
 courses of study. 
 
 Especially in the fourteenth and fifteenth years 
 of Meiji 188 1 and 1882) such requests began to 
 come in upon us, and we' felt that we must proceed 
 to lay the foundations of the future University. Yet 
 the establishment of a university is one of the greatest 
 works that can be undertaken in this country, one 
 in which we need many helpers and much money ; 
 
io5 Broadening Plans ; Tottr Abroad. 
 
 and what was our condition at that time ? Having 
 a few friends and helpers, we were not so entirely 
 neglected as at first, but still we were in ai isolated 
 condition. What then could we do ? Yet never for 
 a moment did we falter in working for our purpose. 
 We sought those who might favor our plans and help 
 us, and, finding several who gave us assurances of 
 aid, we held several meetings, to which we invited 
 the members of the Kyoto-Fu Assembly and asked 
 their cooperation. Receiving the approval of the 
 leading members of the Assembly, we pubhshed a 
 tract, ' On the Establishment of a Private Univer- 
 sity,' and set forth in it the purpose of the proposed 
 institution. This may be called the first step in ihe 
 undertaking of the work. Nevertheless, although 
 many gentlemen gave assurances of help, as it was a 
 time of business depression, nothing was accomplished 
 towards raising money, and our plans seemed to 
 come to a stop for a while. Also I was obliged to 
 go to America for a time and to leave the work in 
 the hands of friends during my absence, so that the 
 whole amount raised until April of the present year 
 (1888) was only about 10,000 yen. 
 
 During the present year w-' have especially de- 
 voted ourselves to this work, and good results have 
 been accomplished. In April we called together 
 over six hundred of the prominent people of Kyoto 
 and explained our plans to them, at which time Mr. 
 
Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 107 
 
 Kitagaki, the governor of the Kyoto prefecture, not 
 only approved our purpose, but himself made an 
 address urging- the people to help in the work. Since 
 then several meetings have been held and a com- 
 mittee is collecting money, and we have reason to 
 hope that our confidence in the generosity and public 
 spirit of the people of Kyoto wiU not be disappointed. 
 And I have worked in Tokyo as well as in Kyo- 
 to. Counts Okuma and Inouye and Viscount Aoki 
 and others, to whom I have explained my plans, 
 have expressed their approval of them, and especially 
 Counts Okuma and Inouye, after visiting the school 
 and personally inspecting its working, have given it 
 their warm recommendation and enocouraged us in 
 our purpose of establishing higher courses of study. 
 Besides these, other gentlemen and business men of 
 Tokyo and Yokohama, after hearing my plans, have 
 given the following sums since April of the present 
 year :— 
 
 Count Okuma . . 
 
 . ¥ 1,000 
 
 Count Inouye . . 
 
 . „ 1 ,000 
 
 Viscount Aoki . . 
 
 . „ 500 
 
 Mr, R. Hara . . 
 
 . „ 6,000 
 
 Mr- K. Iwasaki . . 
 
 . „ 3.000 
 
 Mr. K. Okura . . 
 
 . . ,, 2,^00 
 
 Mr. H. Tanaka . . 
 
 . . „ 2,000 
 
 Mr. Y. Shibusawa . 
 
 . „ 6,000 
 
 Mr. Y. Iwasaki . . 
 
 . . ,, 5.000 
 
io8 Broadening Plans; Totir Abroad. 
 
 Mr. H. Hiranuma ... ¥ 2,500 
 Mr. K. Masuda . . . . „ 2,000 
 
 Counts Ito and Katsu and Viscount Enomoto have 
 also signified their approval of our work and have 
 promised to aid us. In addition, some friends of 
 mine in America ha\'e promised % 50,000 towards the 
 endowment of the present school, and another friend 
 has recently promised % 15,000 for a Science Hall. 
 
 In view of this, since our work has now pro- 
 gressed for twenty years or more, and has gained so 
 much approval in many quarters, and since we are 
 now beginning to meet with so much success, I think 
 we must now be diligent to seek out many helpers ; 
 for the institution of a university is a great under- 
 taking, and needs much money and help of all kinds. 
 Such an opportunit}- as we now have, if once lost, 
 may never be found again, and therefore we must 
 not waste a moment. Also when we consider the 
 present state of the Doshisha we feel sure that our 
 purpose is not in vain. We have increased the 
 number of trustees of the Doshisha Company, perfect- 
 ed its constitution, and thus established the govern- 
 ment of this educational work upon a firm basis. At 
 present we have a Preparatory course, an English 
 Collegiate course, a TheDlogical course, a Girls' 
 School, and a Hospital and Nurses' School. The 
 following table gives a few statistics in regard to 
 each : — 
 
Rftpiilar 
 
 Assistant 
 
 Pnpils, 
 
 Gradu. 
 
 teacjiei-s. 
 
 tench t!j-H. 
 
 at present. 
 
 ates. 
 
 I 
 
 13 
 
 203 
 
 108 
 
 17 
 
 6 
 
 U26 
 I 81 
 
 80 
 
 57 
 
 13 
 
 2 
 
 176 
 
 21 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 13 
 
 4 
 
 Broadening Plans ; To?tr Abroad. log 
 
 Preparatory department, 
 Collegiate department. 
 Theological department. 
 Girls' school, 
 Nurses' school, 
 
 34 23 8g9 
 The school has thus attained so advanced a po- 
 sition that we expect to make the course of study in 
 the collegiate department equal to that of the govern- 
 ment's Koio Chill GaJiko{coVLQ^&%) within the present 
 year. We feel, therefore, that it is necessary to add 
 the university course to the present school ; that the 
 time has come for the establishment of the university. 
 Since the university is the place for thorough train- 
 ing in special studies, those who graduate from our 
 Collegiate department should have university courses 
 open to them to carry on their studies in such special 
 departments as they wish. To leave the Collegiate 
 department without the higher courses of the univer- 
 sity is like building as arch and leaving out the 
 keystone. Thus we are sure that the establishment 
 
 of the University cannot be postponed 
 
 What is the true end of education ? We under- 
 stand it to be the full and symmetrical development 
 of all our faculties, not a one-sided culture. How- 
 ever much students may advance in the arts and 
 sciences, if they are not stable and persevering in 
 
oil Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 
 
 character, can we trust them with the future of our 
 country ? If, in consequence of principles of educa- 
 tion which shoot wide of the matk, our young men 
 are molded and trained in a one-sided and distorted 
 mamer, no one can deny that such principles are 
 extremely injurious to the country. Such students, 
 in their search for Western civilization, choose only 
 the external and material elements of civilization — 
 literature, law, political institutions, fool, and 
 clothing, etc. — and seem not tO comprehend the 
 source of civilization. Consequently, blindly gropingf 
 for light and wandering in darkness, they are misled 
 by selfish and erroneous principles in the use of 
 their acquired knowledge. And though there 
 come some who wish to reform these evil tendencies 
 in education, they only make the evdl worse by 
 resorting to measures of oppression and restriction 
 instead of training up noble and high-principled stu- 
 dents whose minds are free and broad as well as 
 disciplined, and who govern themselves and follow 
 the right way with self-determining conviction. We 
 would hold our peace were it not that these thoughts 
 make us anxious for our country and people. 
 
 We think that Western civilization, though 
 many and various in its phenomena, is in general 
 Christian civilization. Th; spirit of Christianity 
 pe le'irates all things even to the bottom, so that, if 
 we adopt only the material elements of civilization 
 
Broademng Plans ; Tour Abroad. in 
 
 and leave out religion, it is like building up a human 
 body of flesh only without blood. Our young men 
 who are studing the literature and science of the 
 West are not becoming fitted to be the men of New 
 Japan, but are, we regret to say, wandering out of 
 the true way in consequence of their mistaken princi- 
 ples of education. Alas ! what a sad prospect this 
 offers for the future of our country ! We sincerely 
 confess that we are of ourselves unworthy to under- 
 take so great a work, but, with God's Uessing and 
 the help of our patriotic fellow-citizens, we will forget 
 our own weakness and even venture upon this great 
 task. 
 
 To express our hopes in brief, we seek to send 
 out into the world not only men versed in literature 
 and science, but young men of strong and noble 
 character, by which they can use their learning for 
 the good of their fellowmen. This, we are convin- 
 ced, can never be accomplished by abstract, specu- 
 lative teaching, nor by strict and complicated rules, 
 but only by Christian principles, — the living and 
 powerful principles of Christianity, — and therefore we 
 adopt these principles as the unchangeable foundation 
 of our educational work, and devote our energies to 
 their realization .... 
 
 This being m}^ purpose, when I consider my 
 own strength I find it far short of accomplishing so 
 great a work, but I cannot be silent ; the needs of 
 
112 Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 
 
 our country and the urgency of my friends forbid 
 me to decline this task. Thus being- stimulated and 
 urged on by the condition of the times, forgetting 
 myself, I devote myself to this worl<, and I pray that 
 with God's grace and the help of my fellow-citizens 
 this University may be successfully established." 
 
 Early in August, 1888, after the money mentioned 
 above had been secured for the University, Mr. Nee- 
 sima became so weak that some physicians in 
 Tokyo told him he had only a short time to Xw'e, ; 
 one other physician told him that if he took com- 
 plete rest for two years, he might possibly live on 
 several years. He went to Ikao, a health resort in 
 Joshu, on a mountain side, rented a small cottage 
 and spent nearly two months there. He was so 
 weak when he went up there that he was unable to 
 ride in a jinrikisha and was carried up in a kago or 
 bamboo chair. When the writer visited him in that 
 place in September, he had just become able to walk 
 out a few rods. His stay there helped him to a 
 little strength, and in October he returned home, 
 but soon went to Kobe, where he couldhave more 
 complete rest ; he spent most of the winter in Kobe, 
 in great weakness. 
 
 Early in the year 1887, a plan of union between 
 the Congregational and the Presbyterian churches in 
 Japan was proposed. Mr. Neesima was consulted 
 but \'ery little in regard to this plan before-bani, pro- 
 
Broadening Plans ; Toicr Abroad. 113 
 
 bably on account of his ill health, but when a copy 
 of the proposed basis of union came into his hands, 
 he was greatly troubled. When he came to talk 
 with me about it, he was more excited than I had 
 ever seen him before, and more troubled than I had 
 seen him for many years. 
 
 Mr. Neesima had become greatly impressed dur- 
 ing his residence in America with the value of free- 
 dom ; he felt that Japan needed freedom, and that it 
 could come most safely only gradually and among 
 those institutions which, like the Christian churches, 
 were under the influence of men of strong moral 
 convictions. He wanted to retain the leavening in- 
 fluence of the Congregational system. Differing with 
 the experienced pastors, his former pupils, who had 
 assisted in preparing the basis of union, he felt that 
 the plan proposed by the committee sacrificed that 
 principle of freedom too much, and hence he said 
 that he must oppose it ; he feared the effect of his 
 opposition upon the Doshisha, but he said he could 
 not yield this principle, even at the risk of severing 
 his connection with the Doshisha and with the Kumi- 
 ai churches. He even suggested that if the uuion 
 was perfected on the basis first proposed, that he 
 might leave this part of the country and go to the 
 Hokkaido and work alone. I encouraged him to 
 patiently wait and see if the proposed basis could not 
 be modified. 
 
1 1 4 Broadening Plans ; Tour Abroad. 
 
 Iq the following- months, although some of his best 
 friends told him he would ruin his hopes for a 
 university by his course, and caused him great an- 
 guish of heart, he maintained his position, that unless 
 the proposed basis was materially modified, he could 
 not favor it. This was a very great strain upon him 
 during many months, and a strain which he could ill 
 afford to bear, in his weakness. 
 
 With the spring of 1889, Air. Neesima seemed to 
 regain his strength in some measure ; he spent some- 
 time during the summer at a seaside resort, quietly 
 resting, and he was there when the news came to him 
 that his Alma Master, Amherst College, had conferr- 
 ed upon him the degree of LL.D. He wrote at 
 this time a very characteristic letter to a member of 
 our Mission. He said that he was greatly troubled 
 because they had conferred upon him this degree. 
 He had always refused any position which had 
 been offered him in his own country, and he felt he 
 was not worthy of this title, and he ends by asking, 
 " What shall I do with it ? " He was the first one 
 among his people to receive such a title, and he was 
 worthy to recei\-e it. 
 
 The Doshisha had been growing all these years; the 
 Girls' School had increased its buildings and more 
 than doubled its numbers ; the Traning School for 
 Nurses had bee 1 established ; a Preparatory depart- 
 me it had bee i added to the school for young men ; 
 
Broadening Plans ; Totir Abroad. 115 
 
 the first two dormitories had increased to thirteen ; 
 a large recitation hall, a chapel to seat six hundred, 
 and a large library building had been erected, the 
 three latter all of brick. A gentleman in New Eng- 
 land, Mr. Harris, had gradually become interested in 
 the work which the Doshisha is doing, and had 
 written that he was glad to take into consideration a 
 plan to do something for the school, and this resulted, 
 first in his giving fiftesn thousand dollars for a Science 
 hall, and during i88g his interest developed into his 
 making his gift 100,000 dollars to endow the Science 
 department of the Doshisha. Mr. Neeima saw the 
 foundations of this new hall laid before he went 
 to Tokyo, in October, 1889. The students had also 
 increased so that during the school year of 1888-9 
 there were in all departments of the Doshisha, over 
 nine hundred young men and women. 
 
VI, 
 
 LAST DAYS OF WORK, SICKNESS, 
 DEATH AND BURIAL. 
 
*' For I am already being offered, and the time of viy departure 
 is co7ne. / have fought the good fight, I have finished the course^ I 
 have kept the faith : henceforth there is laid uj> for nie the crown of 
 righteoiLsnesSf which the Lord, the righteotts Jtidge, shall give me 
 at that day : and not only to '}ne hut also to all them that have 
 loved his appearing." 2~Tim, IV. 4-6. 
 
 ^' So live that when thy summ.ons comes to join 
 
 " The inmcTneratle caravan that moves 
 
 " To that mysterious realm, where each shall take 
 
 " His chamber in the silent halls of death, 
 
 " Thou, go, not like the quarry slave at night, 
 
 " Scourged to his du7tgeon ; but sicstained and soothed 
 
 " By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave 
 
 "Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch 
 
 "About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams." Bryant. 
 
 " Havi7ig won by toil and pain, 
 
 " Who shalt regret the pangs of life ? 
 
 " Who would regret the past's long night, 
 
 " IKith all its fear and chill and blight, 
 
 '• If now the East, through twilight gray, 
 
 " Were streaked with everlasting dav ? " 
 
 " The things o'er which we grieved, with lashes wet, 
 
 " Will flash before us out of life's dark night, 
 
 " As stars shine 77iost in deeper tints of blue." 
 
 " So let the eyes that fail on earth 
 
 " On thy eternal hills look forth ; 
 
 " And in thy beckoning angels know 
 
 " The dear ones whom we loved below." Whittier. 
 
 " He does well who does his best : 
 "■ Is he weary ? Let him rest / 
 *' Bi'others ! I have done ?7zy best. 
 "/ a77z wear}' — let me rest." 
 
 " Say not good night, 
 
 " Biit in so7ne brighter clime, 
 
 " Bid me good ^naming." 
 
CHAPTER SIXTH. 
 
 The autumn of 1889 found Dr. Neesima far from 
 well, but yet able to be doing some work, ex- 
 pressed a great desire to go to Tokyo and work for 
 University. His physician told him that he felt 
 it would be better for his health not to go at all, 
 but if he was not absent more than three weeks, it 
 might not do him any harm. He went to Tokyo 
 in October, and saw a great many friends in that 
 vicinity, talking of the University endowment, and 
 receiving many promises of aid. He also visited 
 Joshu, and while there, he caught a severe cold 
 which confined him to his bed for a week, and left 
 him so weak that he finally determined to go to 
 Oiso, a quiet place on the sea shore near Yokohama, 
 and rest. He went there in December, and took a 
 room in a common Japanese hotel. He was accom- 
 panied only by his clerk. Mrs. Neesima had intended 
 to go and spend some time with him there, but his 
 mother was taken sick in Kyoto, and as she was 
 eighty-four years old, it seemed unwise to leave her. 
 
 The new year came, and Dr. Neesima sent out 
 many New Year's letters to his friends, and especially 
 to the leading pastors and workers ; in one of these 
 he said that the greatest need of the church in 
 
120 Last Days of W^'ork, Sickness. 
 
 Japan for the new yeaj-, was a nciv baptism, so that 
 we might be prepared to take Japan for Christ He 
 sent an acting pastor in Niigata a letter nearlj' three 
 yards long, urging upon him the importance of 
 planting workers in the important centers of that 
 province ; he sent another similar long letter to a 
 man in the extreme west end of the empire urging 
 the planting of the Gospel in that region. 
 
 Professors Kanamnri and Shimomora spent the 
 night of Jan. loth with him, and they talked over 
 various plans for the University, the School of Sci- 
 ence, etc., and Mr. Neesima seemed as well as usual. 
 In his last English letter, written Jan. 5th, i8go, 
 he says, " In the latter part of October, I became 
 seriously ill ; I have not yet fully recovered my 
 strength, and am now obliged to rest at a quiet 
 country town to regain certain strength to atteinpt 
 beggings further." 
 
 Jan. nth he began to feel poorly, and he grew 
 worse from day to day, so that on the 17th, one of 
 the best Japanese physicians in Tokyo was summoned 
 to see him ; he pronounced his disease peritonitis, 
 and said that he was a \'ery sick man ; his clerk, 
 who was with him, wanted to telegraph immediatel}' 
 for Mrs. Neesima, but Dr. Neesima said, " No, wait 
 a litde." On the morning of the igth, Mrs. Neesima 
 was sent for by telegraph, and she arrived the 20th, 
 in the evening. Mr. Kozaki, Mr. Tokutomi and 
 
Death and Burial. 121 
 
 other friends had alread}^ reached his side from 
 Tokyo. 
 
 The first word which came to Doshisha was given 
 to the school on Tuesday morning-, January 20th, 
 and Mr. Kanamori, the Acting Principal of the 
 School, started that day for Oiso. The word given 
 to the school was " Kitoku," " very dangerously 
 sick." Little circles of men were praying for the life 
 of him they loved all that day in the school, and in 
 the evening a general prayer meeting was held in 
 the chapel to pray for him ; the telegrams came, in 
 the same words, " Kitoku." That prayer meeting 
 was. the most touching meeting I ever attended. 
 Such tearful pleading with God I never heard before ; 
 some of the prayers were almost demands, but most 
 of them contained the " If it be thy will." 
 
 The next day no better news came, and the pray- 
 ing went on and others of the teachers and students 
 started for Oiso ; Thursday morning came the tele- 
 gram, " No hope," than a little later, " A little hope 
 now," and at a quarter to five P.M. just as the 
 teachers were assembling for their Faculty meeting, 
 the word was passed around of his death. No 
 business was done but to appoint a committee to 
 arrange in regard to the funeral, and recitations were 
 suspended until after the funeral. 
 
 Dr. Berry reached his side three hours before the 
 end came. He was conscious to the last and was 
 
1 2a Last Days of Work, Sickness. 
 
 aole to talk some, up to within a few hours of his 
 death. While he was yet able to converse pretty 
 freely, he had dictated his last words to his friends, 
 in regard to the school and to the Missionary Society. 
 As he came to the last words about Mission work, 
 he had maps of five provinces spread out before him, 
 maps which he had been studying before. He called 
 for colors with which to mark, and they brought a 
 saucer with three colors on it to his bedside. With 
 these colors, he marked out the strat^^ points on 
 the maps, one color for those which should be 
 soonest occupied, another for those of next import- 
 ance in the campaign, and the third for the next. As 
 he did this he became so excited and animated over 
 it that his friends had to check him. Early Thurs- 
 day morning, he asked his wife and all the friends 
 who were with him to come in and he bads each 
 one an affectionate feirewell ; from that time on he 
 spoke very few words ; everything was done and 
 said that he wished to say ; his soul was at rest, and 
 he was simply waiting to go ; he gradually sank and 
 at about twenty minutes past two o'clock, Thursday 
 afternoon, Jan. 20, he breathed his last. 
 
 A mattress and bedding had been secured for him 
 a day or two before he died, but he said that he 
 came into world in confusion, and he was not 
 worthy to die so comfortably. The last passage of 
 scripture which he asked to have read to him, a few 
 
Death and Bjcnal. 123 
 
 hours before he died, was Ephesians, third chapter. 
 This was read, friends prayed with and for him, and 
 he was at rest. 
 
 The following is a free translation of a poem Dr. 
 Neesima wrote as he entered upon the new year. 
 "As the old year goes out, I leave its sorrows behind. 
 In bodily weakness I hear the early cockcrowing, 
 ushering in the new year ; although I am of little 
 worth, and my plans for the salvation of the people 
 have been deficient, yet now with a greater aim, will 
 I eater upon the new year." 
 
 Among the farewell words, penned at his side just 
 before he died, are the following. To Mrs. Hardy ; 
 " I am going away ; a thousand thanks for your love 
 and kindness to me during the many years of the 
 past, and also for the fine presents you sent me 
 lately. I cannot write myself ; I leave this world 
 with a heart full of gratitude for all you have done 
 for my happiness." To Dr. Clark ; " I \^'ant to 
 thank you most sincerely for your confidence in me, 
 and in all I have undertaken. I have been able 
 to do so little, owing to the delicate condition of my 
 health." 
 
 The following are free translations of others of his 
 far well words. In regard to the Dc^shisha ; ' The 
 future object of the Doshisha is for the advancement 
 of Christianity, Literature and Political Science, and 
 for the furtherance of all education. These are all 
 
124 Last Days- of Work, Sickness. 
 
 to be pursued tog-ether as helping each other. The 
 object of the education of the Doshisha is not Theo- 
 logy, Literature or Political Science in themselves 
 alone, but that through this education, men of great 
 and living power who love true freedom, may be 
 trainded up, men who shall live for their country." 
 " The Trustees should deal wisely and kindly with 
 the students. Strong minded and bold students 
 should not be hardly dealt with, but dealt with ac- 
 cording to their nature, so as to develop them into 
 strong, useful men. There is danger that as the 
 school grows larger, it will become more and more 
 mechanical, hence this should be carefully guarded 
 against." " The utmost care should be taken, that 
 the foreign and Japanese teachers may be united to- 
 gether in love, and work together without friction. 
 I have many times stood between the two, and have 
 had trouble. In future, I ask the Trustees to do 
 the same as I have done." " I have not desired to 
 make a single enemy, but if there are any who feel 
 inimical toward me, I ask such to forgive me, for 
 have not the least ill feeling in my heart toward 
 anyone." " The work which has been accomplished 
 is not mine but yours, for I have been enable to do 
 it only through your earnest cooperation ; so that I 
 do not regard it as my work at aU and I can only 
 most sincerely thank all those who have ^o zealously 
 worked with me." Do not find fault with heaven, 
 
Death and Burial. 125 
 
 nor blame men." " My feelings in regard to the 
 Doshisha are ever like this poem ; "In time of cherry- 
 blossoms in Mt. Yoshino, morning by morning, my 
 great anxiety is lest a cloud come and destroy the 
 view." 
 
 By a curious coincidence, Dr. Neesima' was born 
 on the 14th day of the 14th year of Tempo, and he 
 died on the 23rd day of the 23rd year of Meiji. The 
 body reached the Kyoto station by rail from Oiso, 
 at half past eleven o'clock, Saturday evening, and the 
 whole school were at the station to meet it. The 
 school was formed in line of march, the Preparatory 
 students in front, and the classes in order, ending 
 with the Theological classes in the rear. The Pre- 
 paratory students began earring the bier, as many 
 as could take hold of it, and they changed at each 
 corner, so that whea we had reached the house, all 
 had had a part in bearing the loved body. It was 
 a scene never to be forgotten ; a light snow was fall- 
 ing ; snow covered the ground, melting into slush, 
 but there were very few of the nearly seven hundred 
 students who were not in line that night, and when 
 we reached the gate of Dr. Neesima's house, two 
 and a half miles distant from the station, before we 
 entered, one of the teachers make a very touching 
 prayer, one of the petitions of which was, that in all 
 the funeral exercises we might do as our departed 
 brother would desire. 
 
126 Last Days of Work, Sickness. 
 
 On the Sabbath, the casket was open in the house, 
 and all the students and teachers of the Doshisha 
 schools, and hundreds of others viewed the face they 
 loved. A memorial service in Japanese, three hours 
 long", was held in the chapel in the forenoon, and 
 one two hours long in English, in the afternoon. 
 The funeral was on monday, the 27th. A large 
 tent was extemporised by covering poles with tent- 
 flies, in front of the College chapel, and all the seats 
 from the chapels and recitation rooms of the school 
 were placed in it so that three thousand people 
 crowded into the te.it, and about one thousand more 
 stood outside. About fifty huge bouquets of flowers, 
 arranged with branches of evergreen, nearly five feet 
 high, stood in line from the gate to the entrance of 
 the chapel. The casket was covered with flowers in 
 beautiful designs, and a large table in front was 
 also covered with wreaths, anchors, etc., etc. The 
 service was simple ; hymns ; reading the third of 
 Ephesians, the last passage Dr, Neesima had read to 
 him ; two tender prayers ; reading a brief history of 
 his life ; and Mr. Kozaki preached a short and very 
 appropriate sermon from John XII, 24. 
 
 The funeral was attended by all the members of 
 the schools ; by the Mercantile school which march- 
 ed up in a body ; by abou; seve ity graduates of the 
 Doshisha, who had come from all parts of the empire ; 
 by hundred of Christian from the city and hun- 
 
Dcatli and Burial. 127 
 
 dreds from outside the city, as well as by many hun- 
 dreds of others, including the Governor and many 
 officials of the Kyoto-Fu, the Governor of the Shiga 
 Ken, a delegation of Buddhist priests from Osaka, 
 and by many members of his own and of other 
 missions. 
 
 At half past two o'clock, in a pouring rain, the 
 procession formed ; the students again acting as 
 bearers ; they had insisted from the first that no one 
 outside of the school should touch anything ; they 
 assisted in digging the grave ; they now bore the 
 loved remain to their last resting place, and carried 
 all the fifty or more large bouquets, the banners, etc. 
 The procession reached nearly from Imadegawa to 
 San Jo Dori — a mile and a half — , it went down 
 Teramachi to San Jo, east on San Jo to the side of 
 the mountain, and through the beautiful Buddhist 
 temple grove where the body of Dr. Neesima's father 
 rests, and where burial was refused for Dr. Neesima's 
 body, bscause he was the " very head-center of Cliris- 
 tianity in Japan," as they said, and then wound up the 
 mountain to a most beautiful spot, overlooking the 
 city and the mountains and valleys beyond. Many 
 banners were borne in the procession, including one 
 from Osaka, inscribed, " From the Buddhists of 
 Osaka ; " one also from Tokyo on which was in- 
 scribed one of the last utterances of Dr. Neesima, 
 " Free education. Self-governing Churches ; these 
 
128 Last Days of Work, Sickness. 
 
 keeping equal step ; will bring this nation to honor." 
 Many from the school also ; among the inscriptions 
 in English were, " Remember me." " There is a 
 happy land," " Yet I live." " The Truth shall make 
 you free," etc. At the grave, two hymns were sung, 
 a prayer was offered, and the benediction closed 
 the exercises. 
 
 The earnest, tried soul is at rest ; he has heard 
 the welcome, " Well done thou good and faithful 
 servant, enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." He 
 is in the midst of that joy, while we strive to finish 
 the work which our loved brother began to do, the 
 foundations of which he so well laid. 
 
 The great company of mourning friends who 
 assembled from all parts of the empire at his funeral, 
 and the hundreds of sympathetic telegrams which 
 came from leading men, show how wide was the 
 influence of this great commoner. Viscount Aoki, 
 Minister of Foreign Affairs, sent a letter saying, " I 
 have lost a great and good friend." Count Inouj^e 
 telegraphed to those at his sick bed, " You must 
 keep him alive." He still lives. Tho dead, he still 
 speaks to this whole nation. 
 
vn. 
 
 MEDITATIONS, CHARACTER, LESSONS. 
 
'''■Blessed arc the dead ivhich die in the Lord from henceforth 
 vea, saith the Spirit, that they may rest from their labofs ,' for their 
 li'orks follow with them." Rev. XIV. 13. ** Except a grain of 
 wheat fall into the earth and die, it abidtth by itself alone ; but if 
 it die, it beareth much frw't." fohn XII, 24. 
 
 '■'' HiLinilitv is the base of every virtue. 
 
 " God keeps all his pity for the proztd." Bailey. 
 
 '■^ Hath any wronged these? be bravely revenged: 
 
 " Slight it, and the work is begzcn : forgive it, and ' tis finished." 
 
 " Good must ever live, and walk zip and down the earth, like a 
 living spirit, guided bv the living God, to convey blessings to the 
 childreiz of men. It lives in humanity, in some form or other, like 
 the subtle substance of material things, which tho ever changing 
 never perishes, bzit adds to the stability, the beauty, and the grand- 
 eiLY of the univers. The influence of the holy character also 
 passes beyond the stars giving joy tb ozir angel brothers : and to 
 our elder Brother^ feszts Christ, who in seeing his own love to his, 
 and 02ir God to his neighbour and ours, reflected in his people, be- 
 holds the grand resztlt of the travail of his soul, and is satisfied." 
 
 Mackod, 
 
 ''Some soul shall reap what we have sown in teats." 
 
 Lazira B. Boyce. 
 
 " Thev never quite have zis — the friends who have passed 
 
 " Jhroztgh the shadows of death to the sunlight above: 
 
 " A thoztsand sweet memories are holding them fast 
 
 " To the places they blessed with their p7-esence and love."' 
 
 M. E. Sangster. 
 
 '^ Lives of great men all remind its 
 
 " W^e can make our lives sziblime, 
 
 " And, departing, leave behijzd us 
 
 "■Footprints on the sands of time — 
 
 " Footprints that perhaps another, 
 
 '■'■Sailing a'er life's solemn main, 
 
 •' A forlorn and shipwrecked brother, 
 
 '■'■Seeing shall take heart again." Longfellow. 
 
CHAPTER SEVENTH 
 
 The most difficult part of the writing of this 
 sketch of our brother, is the right estimate of his 
 character ; we are asked in what his greatness con- 
 sisted ? Although he had mental power above the 
 average, that was not the secret of his power ; al- 
 though he had fair executive ability, this, also, was 
 not the secret of his great success. He went to the 
 United States and had extra advantages given him, 
 so that he came back to Japan when there were very 
 few among his countrymen who had similar advan- 
 tages, but neither was this the great secret of his pow- 
 er. There was a deeper, a more subtle, and more im- 
 portant secret of his power and success than all these. 
 
 Before attempting to analyze his character, I want 
 to give a few meditations found in his note-books 
 written in Europe and America in 1884-5, and few 
 extracts from letters which he has written during the 
 last fiften years ; these extracts could be multiplied 
 almost indefinitely. The following were written in 
 his journal, July 24th, 1884, while in the Waldensian 
 Valley, Italy. 
 
 " There is great danger of our forming an opinion 
 of others by looking at them in one case. We 
 should be careful, because some are quite deficient in 
 
132 Aleditations, Character, Lessons. 
 
 one thing, tho they may be quite efficient in other 
 things. There must be some defect found in a so- 
 called perfect man. In the first place, find his 
 temper; 2, His education; 3, His surroundings; 4, 
 His circumstances or situation in life; 5, See him, 
 how he behaves in some unusual case. 
 
 Never criticise too soon ; surely we shall misjudge 
 him. Judge him with a Christian grace. Never be 
 too harsh or too minute ; love him as our heavenly 
 Father loves us. If we have love on our side then 
 we may lose all our petty, criticizing spirit. Oh ! it 
 is a most unhappy and imhealthy thing to have too 
 critical eyes for others, The best way will be not 
 to judge others, as our Lord has taught. When we 
 discover some defect in others, take it as if it were 
 upon us, and try never to repeat it again. When we 
 see great success among our brethren wish more 
 success for him. Never look upon our dear brethren 
 with envious eye. If he is good, praise him, pray 
 for him and follow his example. I often observed 
 that when some one heard good news of his friend, 
 some one would say, ' But he is so and so,' instead 
 of rejoicing over his success. There is a weak 
 human nature prevailing everywhere. There is a 
 great deal of competition among educated people. 
 Note ; Be specially patient when we are sick or are 
 feeling unhappy." 
 
 It is wonderful to see this man, who had himself 
 
Meditations, Character, Lessons. I33 
 
 come out of darkness only a few years before, while 
 travelling- in dark Italy alone, write down such medi- 
 tations as fill his journals during- those months. Here 
 are others of the sarhe date, July 24th. " Silence." 
 " Silence is one of the virtues. There is much 
 safety in silence. Wise men never talk much ; as 
 our mouth and tong-ue were given to use for good 
 purposes, use them for good purposes. Vain and 
 senseless talking- often injure our reputation and cause 
 us to lose our manhood. I often noticed uneasiness 
 and chafF-like element in some vain, talkative men. 
 There is something- noble and secure in silence. 
 Silence is a manly forbearance. A men of silence is 
 a blessing to a family or to a society. Silence ought 
 by no means to be combined with a bitter counte- 
 nance but with a cheerful countenance. Vain talking 
 often disturbs affairs in a family or in society, but 
 silence heals it. We can easily weigh a man of vain 
 talk, but we could not easily measure the depth of 
 the mind of a wisely silent man. But do not keep 
 silence, if we can by talking do much good to others, 
 or for the truth. Oh, how large a portion of our 
 talk we spend for vain thins of the world, and how 
 little for the truth ! When a word goes out of our 
 mouth it is like spilled water on the parched soil, 
 there is no possibility of taking it back again ; what 
 is said ; it becomes a fact of our lives for which we 
 must give account in the future. But above all, let 
 
134 Ale dit at ions, Character, Lessons. 
 
 us not harbour evil thoughts, for evil thoughts arc 
 the main spring of evil and vain talking." 
 
 Same date, " Poor creatures : we plan much and 
 do very little. Our plans are often defeated by some- 
 thing." Same date, " Receive others patiently. If 
 any one imitates a hero, let him be so, receive him 
 well. If any brother do not behave as he ought, let 
 us wait for some occasion to drop a kind word, so 
 as not to offend him. Never send away a brother in 
 Christ when he comes and seeks our friendship. 
 Bear the evils of others for God's sake, for he bears 
 our evils patiendy. He does not correct us furious- 
 ly, at once, but uses many occasions to heal us and 
 takes many years to sanctify us. But let us by no 
 means neglect our duty toward others. I.ook at 
 the ocean, how beautifuUj' it looks ! Yet it must 
 receive many filthy matters from the shores ; it re- 
 ceives and purifies them. We shall be happy men if 
 we can be like it. Be minute for ourselves in every- 
 thing, but when we come to deal with others, let us 
 be careful not to offend them with a close 
 calculation." 
 
 Same date, " Don't be JaCk-at-all-trades. In pass- 
 ing through some country towns, I notice that there 
 are e\er so many things spread and shown in shops, 
 but when I closely examined each article, I found 
 that each kind is rather scanty. It is well for us to 
 be widely informed on many subjects, but do not 
 
Meditations, Character, Lessons. 13S 
 
 imitate these country shops ; many articleis with a 
 scanty supply of each. We ought to be well posted 
 at last in one subject of the professional studies. 
 It will be a rich treat to us. Success in our life will 
 chiefly hang- upon it. Let this be our offensive or 
 defensive weapon on the battle field truth. Tho 
 our talent may be small, yet it is solid and weighty. 
 Be single minded for a single purpose. We shall 
 sooner or later reach our mark. Never shoot our 
 arrows into the air, aim at an object surely, and 
 then let it go. If we miss, then repeat the process 
 again and again until we can satisfy ourselves. I 
 never know a single case of a talented, puffed up, 
 yet unsettled minded man having accomplished any 
 thing noteworthy." 
 
 Same date, " Never miss a rare occasion to do 
 good. Let our guns be always loaded. When we 
 meet our game, aim at it and shoot it instantly, for 
 om- game will never wait for us. When we meet 
 any occasion to do good to others, then don't let it 
 go, Don't wait for to-morrow, do it at once, for we 
 may never have the occasion again. To shoot wild 
 game is a mere pleasure, but to shoot men for our 
 Master is a grave business. Let our guns be first 
 loaded with living powder and bullets from on high 
 and be always ready. Many hunters of men carry 
 their guns unloaded ; this explains the reason why 
 Christ's kingdom among men does not spread 
 
136 Meditations, Character, Lessons. 
 
 faster." Same date, July 24th. "At my sick 
 bed." 
 
 " The Divine Fire." " Many Christian ministers 
 may have highest culture, and may write their ser- 
 mons with much skill and thought ; beautifully exe- 
 cuted work, like a Grecian marble statue. Alas ! 
 there is no heat in it. Heat must be caused by fire ; 
 if there is no fire in the sermon to heat the hearers' 
 hearts, it is a serious affair ; Divine fire is needed for 
 heating- man's heart. This fire can only be got by 
 daily seeking. Those who depend \'ery much upon 
 their talent and knowledge, are \'ery apt to forget 
 to seek this much needed Divine fire for themselves, 
 as well as for their hearers. Plow cold such a heart 
 must be to a congregation : it is fireless and lifeless. 
 If each professing Christian has this Divine fire, what 
 will be the aspect of the Christian world ? If each 
 has this fire, Christ's kingdom wUl come much fast- 
 er. Oh ! heavenly Father, give us this fire ! How- 
 ever small we may be, if we have genuine fire, we 
 shall consume even the whole world. How small 
 a spark of fire burned up a vast forest in Canada ! 
 How small a lamp light consumed two-tliirds of the 
 great city of Chicago ! Sometimes one may make 
 an artificial fire in imitation of the Divine fire, but his 
 hearers will sooner or later detect it ; it is a mock 
 fire. God will not bless such. Oh, let the Divine 
 fire be bm-ning within us alwavs. 
 
Meditations, Character, Lessons. I37 
 
 Same date, " Man's Greatness." " Man's great- 
 ness is not simply in his learning- but in his disinter- 
 estedness in self. Those with much learning are apt 
 to be more selfish than the unlearned. Let us look 
 at Christ on the cross, He is our example. Oh, 
 how noble, how grand, how gracious he seems to 
 us ! Let us forget self, and offer ourselves freely for 
 the cause of truth and good. Let us also be truly 
 penitent and humble. I call this man's greatness." 
 
 The above meditations were written in one da}^, 
 when, after going upon a mountain excursion from 
 Rosa in the Waldensian vally, he says, " We passed 
 one night in the mountain house. I sent my thick 
 coat and shawl with a donkey, and the donkey did 
 not come that evening. I had to go without my 
 shawl ; I slept under tlie hay ; uncomfortable." The 
 result was that the next day, July 22nd, he had a 
 fever and it took him two days to get back to Rosa 
 again. His entry for the next day after his return, 
 July 24th, is. "I was quite unwell ; called Dr. Vala : 
 he gave me quinine once in two hours." Yet on 
 this day, " At my sick bed," he wrote the medita- 
 tions, above given. 
 
 Here follow other meditations from his journal. 
 ■' A thought for preaching." " Suppose the future 
 Judge of the moral world comes down now and 
 summons each of us to appear before him, and 
 uncovers all our peist deeds before the congregation. 
 
138 Meditaiions, Character, Lessons. 
 
 how many of you will dare to step forward and g-et 
 all your deeds eternally penned upon the walls of 
 the sacred edifice to be read by each of you ? " 
 
 " Human Happiness." " God gave us a sense of 
 happiness so that we might be truly happy. It is 
 right for us to fdl happy when anything is given us 
 from Him. Let us be happy for the daily bread we 
 receive, happj'- for pleasant circumstances, good 
 home, good friends, pleasant situation, etc. But all 
 the earthly happiness will become as nothing at aU 
 when we are permitted to step through the gate of 
 Paradise and catch the glorj^ of the Lamb of God, 
 who caused the gate of Heaven to be opened to us ; 
 let us aim at this happiness ; this, only, is abiding." 
 
 " Promises." " Fulfill your promises promptly ; 
 never postpone it till to-morrow, for we may not see 
 it, or may be fully occupied with something else ; 
 then we shall have no occasion for excusing our- 
 selves for the delay. It is a sort of weakness and 
 sham for a man to malce aU sorts of apologies to 
 another ; let yea be yea and nay be nay. Do, or 
 not do. Never be sluggish, and never leave busi- 
 ness half done." 
 
 " Business Character." The Italians appear to 
 be polite, but they lack business character. They 
 are easy and like to be easy. They would rather 
 postpone their business if they can. They will not 
 move unless they are pushed by some one. Do 
 
Meditations, Character, Lessons. I39 
 
 your business promptly when it is required to be 
 done. Do not waste your time by talking- ; do it 
 at once and it is done." " Try to talk what wo 
 mean, but never talk anything which we do not 
 really mean in our heart. It is a moral weakness to 
 say what we do not really mean. Straightforward- 
 ness can be found mostly among- the Anglo-Saxon 
 races, English and Americans." 
 
 " Roughness and Politeness." " A rough manner 
 with a kind heart is far more preferable than a petty 
 politeness with no least meaning. Japan is one of 
 the politest nations in the world, but, alas! their 
 heart is far from it. Artificial politeness became the 
 national habit. This is not the result of true 
 sincerity. Politeness ought to be a necessary ex- 
 ponent of true love and kindness, But politeness 
 without a least meaning is a sort of deception." 
 " Remember that we are always naked before Him 
 who does never slumber nor sleep." 
 
 " Watchfulness." " Watch pray, and be prepared 
 for the Master's call. We know not when he will 
 come, whether in the first watch, the second watch, 
 the third watch, or the fourth." 
 
 " A policy for our Training School," " Let us 
 be like an unpolished diamond, never mind the 
 outward, rough appearance, if we can have a shining 
 part within. Let these three factors be our perpetual 
 mottoes: i. Christ as our foundation stone. 2. 
 
140 Meditations, Character, Lessotts. 
 
 Well qualified instructors. 3. W^oll selected library 
 and throughly equipped apparatus. Those three 
 factors will be true and shining parts of our Training 
 School. Too much of brick and mortar does not 
 suit my humble taste. I am terribly craving for the 
 inner polish that will be a glory of our school ; that 
 will certainly command the respect to the thoughtful 
 Japanese more than brick, stone and mortar." 
 
 " The True Hero Worshipper." Most of the 
 Japanese will be hero worshippers ; they are a hard 
 set of people to be managed, except by a hero to 
 whom they can look up. Yet they are \'ery easy 
 to be led away by a hero. They are moved with the 
 sensational currents of the hero's opninons. There 
 is a lack of individuality in them. Most of tlie hero 
 worshippers will be afway colored by the same tint 
 as the hero hiinself. The \\'eak point is that they 
 do not rise above their hero. If the hero makes a 
 mistake, or failure in his career, they will do the 
 same. If the hero falls, they w'lW fall, likewise. The 
 matter has been so with us when we examine our 
 history closely. You will also find that there has 
 been no hero in Japan who has done all for unselfish 
 ends. He is apt to be more selfish than the com- 
 mon mass of the people. If their mind be directed 
 toward the Hero of heroes, the greatest the world 
 has ever produced, I am sure it would revolutionize 
 the future of Japan. He is far above Soci-ates and 
 
Meditations, Character, Lessons. I41 
 
 Confucius, yet he is a friend of the poor. He is far 
 above Alexander and Napoleon, yet he shed his own 
 blood for the people, instead of shedding the blood 
 of hundreds of thousands of innocents for his own 
 gratification. He had no selfish aim in his life ; he 
 was perfectly holy and yet perfectly simple ; he had 
 no place to rest his head, yet he sat from eternity on 
 the throne of the universe. If the Japanese arc bound 
 to worship heroes, let them worship this Hero, the 
 Hero of Heroes. His worshippers will also be tinted 
 with the one best color, that is, the color of godli- 
 ness. Within this bound, there is an ample scope 
 for freedom ; man can choose any professions except 
 bad and harmful one. In following and worshipping 
 him, \\'c shall obtain the true human liberty, we 
 shall certainly have our individuality. Oh, how I 
 lo;ig that our people should turn their attention on 
 this Hero who is far above weak humanity ! " 
 
 " Questions." " Is there any one in the world 
 who is perfectly above selfish ambition ? How can 
 he know himself that he is perfectly free from that ? 
 How can we know that such an one is free from it ? 
 Is there also any one who is perfectly free from the 
 slightest deception ? Could ever deception be eradi- 
 cated from civilized society ? How many of us 
 could say to God that I have lived my life without 
 the slightest ambition or deception ? Has any one 
 ever seen, or could \\q ever expect to sec such a 
 
142 Meditations, Character, Lessons. 
 
 perfect type of humanity among" the race of Adam, 
 except the Son of God ? It is too fooHsh to enter- 
 tain such a question. But I would like to meet a 
 person of the above description." 
 
 " A Best Method of Teaching." " If I teach again 
 I will pay a special attention to the poorest scholar 
 in the class, then I should succeed." 
 
 In a letter from Tokyo, March 24th, 1878, he 
 closes the letter with, " Pray for me so that I may 
 be directed entirely by His hand." After an absence 
 in Tokyo, on his return, he writes, " Kyoto, Monday 
 morning, July 21st, 1879. I arrived in Kobe yester- 
 day at five P.j\I , and passed the last night in Nishi- 
 nomiya. I might have returned home last night, but 
 lest I should break the sabbath, I stayed at the 
 above mentioned place. I came home this morning 
 a little after nine o'clock. I have not seen Mr. 
 Yamamoto yet, I don't believe the present difficul- 
 ty is ven^ serious. We have the strong God to 
 depend upon. I trust He will make the matter aU 
 right." 
 
 During the revial at the time of the Dai Shimbo- 
 kukwai or General Conference, in Tokyo, he writes, 
 " Tokyo, May nth, 1883. Dear Brethren in Kyoto ; 
 I am anxious to write a few lines to inform you how 
 the Lord blessed us in our Dai Shimbokukwai. We 
 commenced it on Tuesday, with a one hour prayer 
 meeting-. It was the most impressive meeting lever 
 
Meditations, Character, Lessons. 143 
 
 attended in my life, A spirit of union was greatly 
 manifested in that meeting ; then followed the busi- 
 ness meeting : Mr. Miyagawa was elected chairman. 
 In the afternoon we hae repors of the delegates ; it 
 was a most enjoyable part of the conference. I can 
 assure you that the Load blessed us far more than 
 we asked for." 
 
 While in America the last time, he wrote, dated 
 Boston, March gth, 1885, closing the letter, thus. 
 " The only trouble I have now is a burning, heavy 
 headache with occasional repeats of the pain in my 
 forehead. I can't do much yet, but I am not dis- 
 couraged. I am cheerful and hopeful. I trust you 
 are praying for me. Pray for me, so that I may no 
 longer live for myself but only for my Master." 
 
 Again, when he had heard news affecting the Do- 
 shisha which greatly troubled him, he writes from 
 Dorchester, Mass. March 22nd, 1885. "We shall 
 be in a hard fix then. I know not what to say, but 
 I can only state to you that T am on my knees. I 
 hope I shall get a further light upon this serious 
 subject." In the same letter, he speaks of the great 
 trials and difficulties of the past, and says, ' I often 
 wonder how I o\'er came through those deep muds 
 of the past," but he adds, " I received the sustaining 
 courage and strength from the unseen Hand," and 
 again, at the close' of the same letter, "Recently I lear- 
 ned something from experience, when I meet any seri- 
 
144 Meditations, Character, Lessons. 
 
 ous or alarming- case, I keep myself standstill-, not to 
 be frightened by them ; afterward they pass off all 
 right." Again, when serious misunderstanding had 
 arisen in regard to Mr. Neesima's action and a letter 
 had been sent to him which he calls, " The most 
 insulting letter I ever received in my life," he writes 
 from Milford, Delaware, in regard to it, April 20th, 
 1885, " I am sorry to say that his letter is thrown 
 into the waste basket. When I read it, I said within 
 myself, ' What ! have I lost a sense of honor ? ' but I 
 knelt right down for God's grace to prcser\re me, in 
 his hand. I am all right now please don't mention 
 it to any one." " I thank God for his e\'cr sustaining- 
 grace to me. Each trial and each difficulty draws 
 mc nearer to his hand; he sustains me and helps me 
 far beyond what I can ever know or discover. Pray 
 for me that I may be ever nearer to him." May 
 26th, 1885, he closes a long letter of ten pages 
 written from Boston, which is full of plans for the 
 school, and for the spreading for ther work in Japan, 
 with, " Pray for me that T may rest in the Lord." 
 When starting for Tokyo in August 187 5 to try and 
 get permission to start the Doshisha, he closes his 
 letter with the words, " Pray for my success." 
 
 Dr. Neesima had a deep \'ein of humor in his 
 nature. I remember that the first time wo came to 
 Kyoto, in June 1875, to look at the land for the 
 Doshisha, we visited the San Jiu San Gen Do, a Bud- 
 
Mrditatioris, Character, Lessons. 145 
 
 dhist temple where are a thousand life-size wooden 
 images. As we walked among them, Dr. Neesima 
 said with a laugh, " These images are just fit to keep 
 poor students warm in the winter." A missionary 
 once sent a very cheap kakemono, or wall-picture, to 
 a friend in America. When Dr. Neesima was in the 
 United States the last time, he visited this friend, and 
 was shown this article over which a great deal more 
 ado was made than the ar'ticle warranted ; he was 
 asked to explain it, and he told the missionary who 
 sent it, after he returned to Japan, " I read all the 
 characters except the price mark ; I thought," said 
 he, with a twinkle of the eye, " you would, be 
 willing I should omit that" Only a day or two 
 before he died, when his wife and one or two other 
 friend were changing his clothes, and causing him 
 to groan with the severe pain, " Oh how you hurt," 
 he said with a groan, and then added, " This is the 
 first time I've ever been stripped by good people." 
 Dr. Neesima told one of our number the follow- 
 ing incident of his early boyhood. His father was 
 rather strict with him and one day whipped him 
 severely on his hand, this made him very angry, 
 so that he sulked and would not speak to his 
 father, so after a day or two his father called him 
 to the little garden, pointed to a delicate bamboo, 
 called the sasa and recited this poem, " Nilaiiide iva 
 2itanu mono nan ; sasa no yniki." " I do not strike 
 
146 Meditations, Character, Lessons. 
 
 in anger ; snow on the sasa." As snow bends and 
 almost breaks the delicate sasa, we must tap it gently 
 so that it will rise erect again. By this Dr. Neesima 
 felt touched, knowing his father's love for him, and 
 he ceased his sulks. When Dr. Neesima began the 
 studjr of the Dutch language in Tokyo, he ne3ded 
 a dictionary, but he had no money, so he opened his 
 father's money drawer, took out eight yeit and put 
 in its place paper saying he had taken it and would 
 replace it sometime ; when the mone)^ was missed 
 and the paper found. Dr. Neesima said that he had 
 borrowed it, and that he had to run in debt two yc?i 
 more to get the dictionary, whereupon his father 
 gave him the balance of two yen. 
 
 Miss Isabella Bird describes her visit at Dr. Nee- 
 sima's home in her " Unbeaten Tracks in Japan," 
 Vol. II, page 232-235. She says, " Mr. Neesima is 
 a gentleman to begin with, and has quiet, easy, 
 courteous manners. He is a genial, enlightened 
 Christian and an intensely patriotic Japanese. He 
 gives a sad account of the lack of truth and the 
 general corruption of morals among his countrymen. 
 I asked him what, in his opinion, are the leading, 
 faults of his countrymen, and he repUed without a 
 moment's hesitation, ' Lying and licentiousness.' " 
 
 Dr. Neesima was present at the opening of the 
 branch sabbath school, in a large pottery in the 
 southern part of the city of Okayama in the fall of 
 
Meditations, Character, Lessons. 147 
 
 1880, and was invited to preach the first sermon. In 
 it he emphasized the need of being pure in heart, 
 and told of seeing- in America a beautiful and 
 costly Japanese vase which the gendeman had re- 
 centry purchased. He admired and praised the work- 
 manship to the gentleman's satisfaction, but when 
 asked to explain the designs, he hung his head. 
 " There " said he, " were the signs of our country's 
 shame, the designs were too vile to be told." 
 
 Dr. Neesima's character contained the principle of 
 love to a marked degree. He had strong love for 
 his friends and it was a love which was broad as 
 well as deep. He deeply loved the students of his 
 school, and this love was universally reciprocated 
 by the students. He loved them so much that it 
 almost broke his heart to have any of them love the 
 school on account of dissatisfaction, or to have to 
 send any one out of the school as a punishment. He 
 could hardly bear to exercise discipline in the school. 
 On one occasion during the earlier history of the 
 school, some grave offences had been committed, 
 and yet Dr. Neesima felt that the school was partly 
 to blame, or such things would not happen, and, in- 
 stead of punishing the offending students, he said the 
 Doshisha must be punished ; so, one morning at 
 prayers in the chapel, he stated those convictions to 
 the school, and said that he was going to punish the 
 Doshisha and he could do it in no other way than 
 
148 Meditations, Character, Lessons. 
 
 by punishing- the head on tlie school, and so, taking- 
 a stout wihte in his right hand, he struck his left hand 
 a succession of blows which brought the tears to 
 e\'ery eye in the house before one of the older 
 student could interfere to stop him. In all his con- 
 nection with the school, I never heard a student say 
 anything ag-ainst him, and I ne\'er knew that one 
 did so. 
 
 Dr. Neesima's love for the members of his own 
 Mission and for all foreign workes in Japan, was 
 \'ery strong, and they loved him in return. His ear- 
 nest yet simple and unassuming ways won all hearts 
 and begat a love which no discussions or difference 
 of opinion interrupted. He had tlie love and respect 
 of all the foreign workers in Japan who knew hii-p, 
 and he had no more sincere mourners at his death 
 than the large company of foreigii friends of differe.it 
 Missions who gathered at the memorial ser\-ices in 
 Kyoto and in otlier places. 
 
 Another trait was peace. He tried as much as in 
 him lay to live in peace u'ith all men. He was 
 ready to yield his own \iew ; this was almost a 
 fault with him. He was sonietimes too ready to 
 yield to the opinions of others. During all the 
 years of his coni-iection with the sdiool as its Presi- 
 dent and head, he never once, so far as I know, 
 set up his opinion against that of the teachers ; he 
 always yielded and worked in harmony with tliem. 
 
Alrd/fai/oi/s, Character. LrssoHs. 149 
 
 He was always ready to" yield any point which he 
 felt was not conti-aiy to the great aim of his life ; 
 whe.i that was at stake, the whole world could not 
 move him> He was generally a joyful, cheerful man. 
 His stfong- faith and hope kept him in atmosphere 
 of jo\'. S1.1, too, we mig'ht speak of his long-suffer- 
 ing gentleness and gxxodness, also of his faith ; in 
 the darkest hours, his faith in God and in ultimate 
 success only seemed to grow stronger. 
 
 His meekness was remarkable. He was fi'om the 
 first the head of the school, and yet, diuing all those 
 years, he kept himself in the background and nevTer 
 insiste:! on his rights as President. It was hard work 
 ro get him to talce the President's seat on the 
 platform in the chapel. 
 
 Whe.i, however, we go deeper and seek the main- 
 spring of these graces, we find as the Apostle tells 
 us in Gal. V. 2:!. 2 3, that they were aU the " Fruit 
 of the Spirit." The main-spring of Dr. Neesima's 
 character and the secret of his great success was in 
 his union to God in Christ through the Spiiit. He 
 felt with Paul, " I can do all things through Clirist 
 who strengthen me." 
 
 It is difficult to analyse the great secret of his 
 piwer and success, but we may mention a few points. 
 
 r. Loyaltj' to duty. From the day he read of 
 the Creator in the little Chinese Geogi'aphy, to the 
 day of his death, his loyalty to duty shines out. As 
 
150 Meditations, Character, Lessons. 
 
 soon as he gained a:i idea of God, he felt his obhga- 
 tion to him and he began to discharge it, as the 
 months and years went on and his \'ision of duty 
 broadened, his sense of obligation broadened with it, 
 and efforts to discharge that obligation kept pace 
 with his enlarging vision. No matter what were the 
 circumstances, and no matter how great the loss, he 
 was always loyal to the higher duty. Take the 
 example of his travels in Europe with the Embassy ; 
 he would stop off and spend the sabbath alone. 
 
 2. He took a great aim and one which was in 
 harmony with God's great aim. He did not take a 
 low aim, he did not take a selfish one ; he took for 
 his aim establishment of a great Christian Univer- 
 sity, for the sake of lifting up so far as he could 
 through that, his whole nation toward God and a 
 Christian civilization. His great aim was not edu- 
 cation for its own sake, but for Christ's sake and as 
 a help to lead the millions of Japan to Christ and 
 eternal life. This results of that school are already 
 changing the history of the empire. 
 
 3. He had a holy, absorbing ambition to realize 
 his great aim. Thes ambition led him to forget him- 
 self, and devote his whole being, and all his powers 
 to secure the great aim of his life. He counted not 
 his life dear to him if he could accomplish his great 
 object. When, a few years before he died, the 
 question was raised of his going to the United States 
 
Meditations, Character, Lessons. I S i 
 
 a third time to try and secure money for the endow- 
 ment of the University, and his physicians told him 
 it would be almost certain death for him to go, he 
 replied that that would make no difference with him, 
 if he felt that by going he could secure the money. 
 His going to Tokyo and working during the last 
 months of his life were done in a similar spirit. He 
 wanted to die in the harness, and he did. 
 
 4. He committed himself and his great plan and 
 all its details to God, with a firm faith that God 
 would give him success. He never seemed to waver 
 even in the darkest days. In the last English letter 
 which he wrote, this faith shines out. After speak- 
 ing of the gift of 100,000 dollars for the Scientific 
 School, just as Prof. Shimomura was ready to 
 return to his work in the school, he says, " Is it not 
 wonderful that when he was about ready to come 
 home, the way to make himself useful was opened 
 before him. Oh dear friend, I am a strong believer 
 in the most wonderful dealings of Providence with 
 those whoever believe in God. As for me, I am a 
 man of delicate health and am not permitted to do 
 much now. However, he has employed this poor 
 and helpless instrumentality to bless others in his 
 behalf." And then in that letter he tells of his 
 " Day-dream to found a Christian College," and how 
 he received no human encouragement, but he says, 
 "However, I was not discouraged at all, I kept it 
 
152 Meditations, Character, Lessons. 
 
 within myself and prayed o\'er it." Then the nig-ht 
 before he made his appeal for money at Rutland, he 
 could not sleep, and says, " I was then like that poor 
 Jacob, wrestling with God in my prayers." Then 
 later, when he took up the larger work of founding 
 a University, he says, in the same letter, " The matter 
 seemed to myself and also to my friend that I am 
 hoping for something altogether beyond a hope, 
 however, I had a strong con^'iction that God will 
 help us to found it in his Name's sake," and 
 again, " I have a full hope that my \'ague daj'-dream 
 for a Christian University will sooner or later be 
 realized, and in some future we shall find occasion to 
 give thanks to him who has led us and blessed us 
 beyond our expectation." 
 
 5. His heart was greatly interested in direct mis- 
 sion work. Deeper than all other thoughts, more 
 important than all othar plans, was the thought and 
 the planning to bring the millions of Japan to Christ. 
 This was fundamental to his whole plan for a Chris- 
 tian College and University. When compelled to rest 
 in the United States, or in Ikao, or in Oiso during 
 the last weeks of his life, he never could rest from 
 thinking, planning, writing and praying over the great 
 problem of the speedy evangelization of Japan. 
 
 When the writer visited him for an hour in Ikao, 
 where he rested in great weakness during the sum- 
 mer of 1888, he was no sooner seated than Dr. 
 
Meditations, Charactrr, Lessons. 1 5 3 
 
 Neesima said, " I have something I want to show 
 you," and he went to the adjoining- room and 
 brought out a map, of the province of Joshu, and on 
 it he had marked f\ery place where there was a 
 church, every place where the gospel was regular- 
 ly preached, and other place for which he was 
 praying and planning to secure evangelists. He had 
 no greater sorrow during the dosing years of his 
 life than that which came from the fewness of those 
 from among the graduates of the Collegiate depart- 
 jTient of the Doshisha who prepared themselves to 
 preach the gospel directly. He was often ready to 
 weep over it as he spoke of it, and he wept as he 
 prayed over it. 
 
 He begins his round-the-world diary in 1S85 in 
 the following words. " April 6th ; Went on board the 
 Khiva at Kobe, accompanied by my wife and other 
 friends. I separated from my wife with prayer, com- 
 mitting her to the care of my Father in heaven, upon 
 whom she can rely far better than upon myself." 
 "April 7th, Monday, Prayer for Theological Stu- 
 dents." " April 8th, Came to Nagasaki, 6-30, A.M ; 
 Pray for fifth year ; " and so on, day after day, 
 we read, " Pray for vernacular class," " Pray for 
 theological class." He carried this intense desire for 
 workers to be raised up to reap the waiting fields of 
 Japan around the world with him, and presented this 
 object in earnest prayer to God every day. 
 
1 54 Meditations, Character, Lessons. 
 
 He always let his Christianity be known ; as has 
 been mentioned on previous pages, his first work 
 when he r-eached his native land was to preach the 
 gospel to the people in his old province of Joshu ; 
 he did it so earnestly that the Governor of the pro- 
 vince was alarmed and made a journey to Tokyo to 
 inquire about it ; so earnestly, that it has brought 
 forth an abundant harvest. His first work when he 
 came to Kyoto, in 1875, was to start a religious 
 service in his house on the sabbath where he preach- 
 ed Christ to a little company of men and women. 
 The facts of the organization of one of the first church- 
 es in Kyoto in Dr. Neesima's house and that its 
 services continued to be held in his house, have 
 already been mentioned. Dr. Neesima was always 
 and everywhere known as an earnest Christian ; 
 the impression of him among his countrymen was 
 well voiced by the Buddhist priest of a temple in the 
 eastern part of the city where the body of Dr. 
 Neesima's father was buried, who, when aisked for 
 permission to bury Dr. Neesima's body there, object- 
 ed,, saying that Dr. Neesima was the head of Chris- 
 tianity in Japan, and it would not do for his 
 body to be buried there ; or by the words of a 
 high official who remarked, when Dr. Neesima had 
 persisted in holding firmly to his Cliristian principles, 
 well, you are a slave of Jesus Christ, are you 
 not .? " 
 
Meditations, Character, Lessons. IS5 
 
 What then, are the lessons of this life to us who 
 remain ? 
 
 1. Let us realize that God still moves in a m}'S- 
 terious way his wonders to perform in the world. 
 The age of miracles of physical healing may be past, 
 but we have before us the fulfilment at the present 
 day in the world of the Savior's promise, " Greater 
 works than these shall ye do, because I go to my 
 Father." The wonderful calling of Dr. Neesima 
 twenty-six years ago ; his preparation ; the bringing 
 of Capt. Janes to Japan and the training of the hand 
 of men who should be associated with Dr. Neesima 
 to make his school and his work a success ; the 
 bringing to this land of the missionaries who should 
 be associated with him in that work ; the planting 
 of the school in Kyoto, in the midst of the great 
 prejudice and opposition, and its success as it stands 
 before the world to-day, is as great a miracle as is 
 recorded in the Old Testament or the New, if we 
 except the miracle of our Savior's incarnation and 
 atoning work. It is simply inconceivable that all 
 these improbable things should happen, and that 
 they should come together at just the right time, 
 simply by chance. 
 
 2. Let us all grasp the fact the greatness of 
 the work which God used our brother to begin. 
 When God called Abraham out of his father's land 
 and home to go into a strange land, he ha:d a great 
 
156 MeditcUions, Character, Lessons. 
 
 purpose and work to accomplish through him. God 
 does not work such wonderful deeds as this sketch 
 contains without having a great plan and purpose to 
 accomplish through them. We can see already that 
 the Doshisha is changing the history of Japan, and 
 if the plan of our brother can be carried out, this 
 school will be one of the greatest factors in the 
 civilization and Christianization of Japan. But if tliis 
 is to be the result, then all the friends of the school, 
 foreign and Japanese, must realize the greatness of 
 the sacred trust which they have inherited from its 
 beloved President, and with a similar love and faith 
 and hope and patience they must hold the school 
 true to the great purpose of its founder, not educa- 
 tion for its own sake, but education for the sake of 
 God's glory and the salvation of men. 
 
 3. We may learn that self-denial for Christ is the 
 greatest gain for self ; that he " who would be great 
 must be a servant, and that he who would be first, 
 must be servant of ail." God takes care of the man 
 who is loyal to hini, loyal to his own conscience, 
 loyal to duty, loyal to right. The happiness and 
 final success and glory of that man follows of neces- 
 sity, because it is a part of the eternal nature of 
 things, and because God will sooner or later put his 
 approving smile upon that man and upon his work. 
 Dr. Neesima's name will be remembered on earth 
 long after the names of many so-called heroes are 
 
MedttatioTis, Character, Lessons. i57 
 
 forgotten, and his place in heaven will be above that 
 of every man who has sought his own glory. 
 
 4. Let us remember that just as Dr. Neesima's 
 life was a plan of God, so every man's life may be a 
 plan of God. If we wiU but put ourselves in God's 
 hands to be led and used by him and work with 
 God and let God work with us, we shall work in 
 harmony with God, we shall work with God, and 
 our power and ability will be multiplied by an in- 
 finite Factor, so that God only can measure, and 
 eternity alone can reveal, the results of our life-work. 
 " The good man does better than he knows ! " 
 
 " Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord." Dr. 
 Neesima rests from his labors, and his works follow 
 him. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 THE LATER DEVELOPMENT OF DOSHISHA. 
 
 After the death of President Neesima, in 1890, 
 years of national unrest, and of materialistic influence 
 followed ; and without the inspiration of its heroic 
 founder, theishool suffered trying- days, inevitably 
 feeling- the effect of those movements which swept 
 over the entire country. During seven years of this 
 period, the Rev. H. Kozaki served with devotion as 
 president. He was followed by Mr. T- Yokoi, who 
 labored for three years with energy. Later the Hon. 
 S. Saibara was elected president. He served for three 
 years, and, in March, 1902, was succeeded by the 
 Hon. Kenkichi Kataoka, Chairman of the Lower 
 House of Parliament, whose promising service was 
 cut short by death within less than two years. Prof. 
 Kotaro Shimomura, B.S , a graduate of Doshisha and 
 a director who upon several occasions had filled the 
 position of acting-president, was elected in March, 
 1904. When he resigned in the spring of 1905, Mr. 
 Seijiro Niwa was called to be Principal and accepted 
 the position. In October, 1906, the Rev. Tasuku 
 Harada was elected President and assumed the duties 
 of the position in January, I907, taking also the 
 
i6o Appendix. 
 
 principalship upon the resignation of Mr. Ni^va who 
 returned to his wori: with the Y.M.C.A. in April, 
 1907. 
 
 Before his death, President Neesima had formula- 
 ted plans for the development of a university ; and 
 oven something of an endowment for that purpose had 
 been raised. But his early death together with radical 
 changes in the policy of the Department of Education 
 and the anti-pathetic temper of the times prevented 
 his immediate successors from carrying out his pur- 
 poses. The times, however, changed, and with them 
 the attitude of the government toward Christian and 
 pri\'ate schools, The need for a thoroughly equipped 
 Cliristia'n university became increasingly felt both by 
 the' management and also by the graduates of the 
 Doshisha, who now number over 2,000, so that it was 
 decided to wait no longer for adequate equipment 
 and endowment before making a start. The graduates 
 made pledges for over $150,000. In view of these 
 pledges, the Trustees resolved, in November, 191 1, to 
 take the necessary preliminary steps to organize the 
 University proper. Government sanction was prompt- 
 ly secured and the official opening of the Doshisha 
 University was held on May 20 191 2. 
 
 In the same year a Collegiate Department was 
 established in the Girls' School. The women gra- 
 diiates are also raising an endowment for their 
 School . 
 
Appendix. 16 1 
 
 In pushing forward in this new work the Doshisha 
 maintains the principles announced by its founder, 
 and as reaffirmed by President Harada, in his in- 
 augural address, April, 1 907 : 
 
 " No education is complete without the training of 
 man's spiritual nature. No manhood can be 
 symmetrically developed apart from religious 
 ideals . The Doshisha emphasizes the importance 
 of spiritual training and the development in its 
 students of strong, pure personality after the ideal 
 of Christ, who is the heart and center of our in- 
 stitutional life." 
 The position occupied by Doshisha, Christian but 
 undenominational, in the educational life of Japan is 
 recognized and assured. Not only in Christian circles 
 but by secular educators and governmental officials 
 is the value of its service appreciated. Count Okuma, 
 the Premier and the founder of Waseda University, 
 in an article written for the twentieth anniversary of 
 Dr. Neesima's death, declared : 
 
 " Many men have rendered distingushed service 
 in the cause of education in Japan. Of those be- 
 longing to the Meiji Era, the pioneers of modern 
 education were Mr. Fukuzawa and Dr. Xeesima, 
 the former known as the one who introduced 
 western material culture, the latter as the leader 
 in Christian education. The one was an apostle 
 of independence and self-reliance, the other of 
 
i6'2 Appendix. 
 
 spiritual edification. Both alike won fame and 
 ■ ' ' the respect of the entire nation." 
 
 The Late Prince Katsura, in April, 1 9 10, when 
 Premier of Japan, wrote as follows to President 
 Harada : 
 
 " Recognizing the great service of Doshisha, 
 through the graduates, in our political, literary 
 and business life, as well as in religious circles, I 
 am of the opinion that your school has been 
 especially instrumental in emphasizing character 
 and manhood in the young men of Japan . It is 
 my sincere and earnest desire that your historic 
 school may attain an even greater development 
 and serve the country still more efficiently in the 
 years to come. May it become a citadel of 
 culture." 
 The Doshisha had in 19I4-1915 a total enrollment 
 of 1 , 3 S 3 students in the several departments, viz , the 
 li'niversity 392 (Theological 62, Politics ane Econo- 
 mics 261, and Enghsh Literature 6g), Academy 721 
 and Girls' School 24O (Academy 193, College 47). 
 
 The value of the plant, land (about 28 acres) and 
 buildings (7 brick and 30 frame) is now about 600,000 
 yeii^ioofiod) while the invested endowment amounts 
 to neary 500,000 yen ($250,000), besides the more 
 than 250,000j'6'« pledged but not paid in. The larger 
 part of the last mentioned siun is for an endowment 
 for the Departments of Law and of Letters. The lib- 
 
Appendix. 163 
 
 rai-y contains in all neary 32,000 volumes of Japanese, 
 Eng-lish, German and other books. Toe Board of 
 Directors, twenty in mumber, in whom the adminis- 
 tration of Doshisha is vested, includes the representa- 
 tives of Japanese and American donors and of the 
 alumni. 
 
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